PMID- 7020212 TI - American Ophthalmological Society Members. PMID- 7020213 TI - Transplantation immunology of penetrating keratoplasty. PMID- 7020214 TI - Prevalence of Toxocara canis in babies and in adults as determined by the ELISA test. PMID- 7020216 TI - Dissociated vertical deviation-a clinical and laboratory study. AB - The previously reported nomenclature and clinical characteristics of dissociated vertical deviation have been recorded. The incidence and characteristics of DVD have been determined by evaluation of 1,000 consecutive strabismus or nystagmus patients, and with selected chart study carried out on the 111 DVD patients found in this series. Electro-oculographic studies of selected patients with DVD provided objective evidence of the speed and amplitude of the ocular movements in DVD. Bell phenomenon, strabismus sursoadductorius and the Bielschowsky phenomenon were recorded and compared to clinical findings of strabismus patients with DVD. The technique for the results of surgery for DVD were described. Dissociated vertical deviation was characterized as a component of the overall strabismus picture. PMID- 7020215 TI - Prolonged donor cornea preservation in organ culture: long-term clinical evaluation. PMID- 7020217 TI - New directions in eye banking. PMID- 7020218 TI - Surgical management of herpetic keratitis. PMID- 7020219 TI - A new corneal trephine for keratoplasty. PMID- 7020220 TI - Concomitant glaucoma therapy with dipivefrin and timolol maleate. PMID- 7020221 TI - A study of the intraocular pressure lowering effect of timolol and dipivalyl epinephrine. PMID- 7020222 TI - Prophylactic therapy of ocular hypertension. A prospective study. PMID- 7020223 TI - Cryptococcus and the eye. PMID- 7020224 TI - Ophthalmological Society of New Zealand. Members. PMID- 7020225 TI - Feline insular amyloid: incidence in adult cats with no clinicopathologic evidence of overt diabetes mellitus. AB - Pancreatic tissues from 93 adult domestic cats with no clinicopathologic evidence of overt diabetes mellitus were examined for islet amyloid. Amyloid deposits were found in the pancreatic islets of 44 cats. Approximately one-third of these deposits were not seen with HE, but subsequently were identified with Congo red stain. The proportion of islets with amyloid, the intra-islet location of amyloid, and the amount of amyloid in individual islets also were characterized. In this select population of adult cats, the presence or absence of islet amyloid was not linked significantly (p = greater than 0.05) to age, breed, sex or primary anatomic diagnosis. Results of this study indicate that: the incidence of islet amyloid in cats is higher than previously recognized; as in man, islet amyloid can occur in cats without concurrent overt diabetes mellitus; and islet amyloid should not be considered pathognomonic for diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7020226 TI - Red cell fragmentation in the dog: an editorial review. AB - Red blood cell fragments in blood smears from dogs are described morphologically and pathogenetically. Categories include microangiopathic fragmentation, spherocytic fragmentation. Heinz body fragmentation, metabolic fragmentation associated with systemic disease, and artifactual fragmentation. Microangiopathic fragmentation is associated with direct physical damage to normal circulating red blood cells as they pass through abnormal capillary beds. Spherocytic fragmentation is a common feature of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and results from the removal of portions of antibody-coated erythrocyte plasma membranes by phagocytes of the reticuloendothelial system. Heinz body fragmentation occurs when rigid particles of oxidized hemoglobin are torn from affected red cells as they circulate through the spleen. Metabolic fragmentation is an ill-defined syndrome most commonly associated with cholesterol loading of red cell membranes caused by lipid metabolism abnormalities. Resulting spiculated red cells are more susceptible to traumatic disruption. All the types of red cell fragmentation described in dogs have been observed and documented in man. PMID- 7020227 TI - Controlled studies of various treatments for neonatal calf diarrhoea in calves of known immunoglobulin levels. AB - The effects of whole blood transfusion (trial 1), balanced fluid replacement therapy (trial 2) and fluids plus antibiotics (trial 3) on spontaneously occurring neonatal calf diarrhoea were studied under controlled experimental situations using calves of known immunological status as determined by their zinc sulphate turbidity (ZST) levels. Market Ayrshire or Ayrshire cross Friesian calves were chosen with ZST values between 5 and 15 units. Significant differences were not found in survival, weight gains or days of diarrhoea between treatment and control groups in any of the three trials. In the control groups of trials 2 and 3 ZST units were significantly higher in survivors than in those calves that died. The experimental design used provided a controlled and practical method of testing various treatment programmes with calves of known immunoglobulin levels. The different therapies and the importance of defining the immune status of experimental animals are discussed. PMID- 7020228 TI - Diagnosing ovine epididymitis by immunofluorescence. AB - Antisera against Actinobacillus seminis, Brucella ovis and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were prepared in adult female goats. Specific immunofluorescence was observed in cultural smears of A seminis, B ovis and C pseudotuberculosis by the direct technique and in smears of A seminis also by the indirect technique. Individual organisms could be recognised. Specific fluorescence of A seminis was readily detected in semen. The results indicate that immunofluorescence may offer an effective method for rapidly and accurately diagnosing bacterial epididymitis in sheep, especially before epididymal lesions are palpable. PMID- 7020229 TI - William Hunting's birthday. PMID- 7020230 TI - A survey of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia Coli isolated from farm animals in Great Britain from 1971 to 1977. AB - A total of 94,827 Escherichia coli strains isolated from cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry during the years 1971 to 1977 were tested for resistance to six antibiotics using a disc diffusion technique. The percentage of strains resistant to chloramphenicol (10 microgram), streptomycin (10 microgram), tetracycline (10 microgram), neomycin (10 Microgram) and furazolidone (15) were 16.8, 53.9, 42.7, 18 and 10.9 per cent, respectively; 52.2 per cent of strains (1971 and 1972) were resistant to 2 microgram ampicillin and 27.8 per cent of strains (1973 and 1977) were resistant to 10 microgram ampicillin. There was no evidence of an overall increase in antibiotic resistance during the seven year period. The animal species of origin was recorded for each of the 55,494 E coli strains examined during 1974 to 1977; 31,763 strains were isolated from cattle, 15,688 from pigs, 4582 from sheep and 3191 from poultry. Considerable variations in antibiotic resistance were recorded for strains isolated from different species. PMID- 7020231 TI - Has Swann failed? PMID- 7020232 TI - Contagious equine metritis: test for suspect carriers. PMID- 7020233 TI - [Differentiation of the streptococci isolated from the milk of cows with mastitis]. AB - Differentiation was carried out of a total of 170 strains of streptococci that caused mastitis, which were isolated from 3200 milk samples taken from a farm. Ouchterlony's agar gel precipitation method was employed for the serologic typing of the strains along with the Jonagar No. 2 Oxoid and group antisera. The biochemical behaviour of the strains was followed up with regard to the hydrolysis of esculin and sodium hippurate, the fermentation of lactose, sucrose, glucose, trehalose, mannite, and salicin, and the breakdown of arginine. It was found that 17.05 per cent of the isolated mastitis streptococci belonged to group B, 17.64 per cent belonged to group C, and 62.94 per cent--to group C. Untypeable were as many as 2.37 per cent. The behaviour of these three groups of mastitis causative agents with regard to esculin and sodium hippurate proved most stable in the biochemical differentiation of the strains. In this respect the selective TKT agar medium could be used in a mass scale diagnosis for the rapid differentiation of the most frequently isolated mastitis streptococci on the base of the characteristic morphologic traits. PMID- 7020234 TI - [Demonstration of enteropathogenic E. coli isolated from calves by a test with juvenile mice]. AB - The test with infantile mice was used to determine the enteropathogenicity of 272 Escherichia coli strains isolated from coli-bacteriosis-affected and dead calves. Forty-three (15.8 per cent) of the strains were found to be enteropathogenic. The results were confirmed through the study of the strains with the use of ligated intestinal segments. The results obtained with the two methods were positively correlated. The test with infantile mice was rapid and readily applicable in the routinely used technique for the demonstration of enteropathogenic E. coli organisms producing a thermostable enterotoxin. It was also established that heating at 80 degrees C for 30 min did not destroy the enterotoxic activity in 33.3 per cent of the strains. The full elimination of the enterotoxic activity produced by E. coli could be achieved through autoclaving at 120 degrees C for 30 minutes. The results from the heat experiments made it reasonable to believe that the thermostable enterotoxin, produced by bovid E. coli organisms, presents molecular heterogeneity. PMID- 7020235 TI - [1st manuscript of a veterinary medicine textbook for students of the Military Veterinary Feldsher School of Sofia]. PMID- 7020236 TI - [Pathohistological and ultrastructural studies of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus in the silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)]. AB - Histopathologic studies were carried out on fifth instar silkworm moths of the Super 1 x Super 2 hybrid infected orally with Baculovirus bombycis along with ultrastructural investigations of the pathogen itself. It was found that the earliest changes in the moths set in at the 60th hour post inoculation. They consisted in the aggregation of chromatin, and the formation of polyhedral bodies in the fatty body, hypodermis, and peritracheal matrix; these appeared in the glandular tissue too, but not earlier than the 120th hour, while in the hemolymph they were found at the 40th hour. The morphogenesis of the virus was followed up via the electron microscope, giving a description of its structure. It was found to replicate in the viral plasma formed in the nuclei of the infected cells. First the nucleocapsids emerged which were enveloped in a two layer outer (developing) membrane while they were in the viral plasma or in the space between it and the nuclear membrane (the so-called ring zone). Then these tended to thoroughly enter the ring zone and incorporate randomly into the polyhedral bodies. The virions were enveloped at the rate of one in the developing membrane, rarely being up to five per envelope. It was assumed that both at induction and at artificial infection the process, resp., the virus replication runs its course after one and the same pattern. However, the number of virions in the developing membrane depends on the tissue in whose cells the virus is replicated. PMID- 7020237 TI - T1 mutants with increased transduction frequency are defective in host chromosome degradation. PMID- 7020238 TI - [Medical care for wounded and sick German prisoners of war during World War II]. PMID- 7020240 TI - Detection of platelet antibody using rosette technique with anti-IgG antibody coated polyacrylamide gel: a preliminary report. AB - Paraformaldehyde-fixed platelets from normal donors were used for detection of antibody to platelet by in vitro sensitization (indirect method) utilizing rabbit anti-human IgG heavy chain specific antibody-coated polyacrylamide gels (Immunobeads). The sensitized platelets formed rosettes with Immunobeads and the positive rosette count was over 30%, while control showed less than 8% when normal sera were used. This method was also applicable for detecting antibody sensitized platelets in vivo (direct method) in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia. This method is simple, rapid and reproducible for clinical use. Direct and indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests and a blocking test with anti-human serum also supported the results of Immunobead rosetting technique. PMID- 7020239 TI - [Principles of the rational use of nonsteroidal antirheumatic agents]. PMID- 7020241 TI - In vitro tests for platelet compatibility. AB - Four methods were investigated to determine their suitability as platelet compatibility procedures: leukoagglutination, lymphocytotoxicity, platelet suspension immunofluorescence and platelet enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. None of the tests were found to reliably predict the 24-hour-posttransfusion platelet increment in 8 refractory thrombocytopenic patients judged refractory to random donor platelet therapy. PMID- 7020242 TI - [Catecholamine metabolic state in the early stages of the development of chronic carbon disulfide poisoning (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7020243 TI - [Clinical use of tocopherol (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7020244 TI - [Renin activity and plasma aldosterone content in hypertension]. PMID- 7020245 TI - [Status and developmental prospects for a typing service for bone marrow transplantation in the Ukraine]. PMID- 7020246 TI - [Honoring N.I. Pirogov on the occasion of his 50-year jubilee]. PMID- 7020247 TI - [Comparative evaluation of several methods of diagnosing hepatitis A]. AB - Immunofluorescence (IF), indirect hemagglutination test (IHA), latex agglutination test (LA), and immunofluorescence of activated sepharose particles (IFS) were used for early specific diagnosis of viral hepatitis A (VHA). The antisera used in the tests were those from convalescents after VHA collected at 25-30 days which had no HBs antigen or antibody to it. The IF and IHA tests were found to be most sensitive for examination of VHA patients. In VHA foci, positive IF tests were found in 22%-72% contacts (in relation to the number of manifest forms in a focus of infection) which in 84.6% cases correlated with enlarged liver. In parallel examination of contacts in one of VHA foci by IF and IHA tests similar results were obtained and the infection-rate in the group was 64.3% and 64% respectively. PMID- 7020248 TI - [Detection of viruses in food products]. PMID- 7020249 TI - [Nonatherosclerotic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7020250 TI - [Current status of the theories of the chronicity of liver diseases]. PMID- 7020251 TI - [Mycological diagnosis in visceral mycoses]. PMID- 7020252 TI - Primary isolation of a new strain of the TATLOCK/Pittsburgh pneumonia agent (Legionella micdadei). AB - Pneumonia, empyema and lung abscesses developed in a patient following a neurosurgical procedure and associated short-term corticosteroid therapy. An organism identical to the TATLOCK/Pittsburgh pneumonia agent (Legionella micdadei) was the only organism isolated from multiple specimens from lung aspirates and chest tube drainage. The organism was isolated directly on charcoal yeast extract (CYE) agar and classified as identical to the TATLOCK bacterium by direct immunofluorescent staining and by gas-liquid chromatography of cellular fatty acids. The patient's pulmonary infection improved during treatment with penicillin. Serum specimens obtained from the patient during convalescence showed an indirect fluorescent antibody reciprocal titer of 16,000 to his homologous antigen, but he also had titers that were potentially diagnostic against antigens of the six serogroups of Legionella pneumophila and three other Legionella-like organisms. Legionella can be isolated from clinical specimens by the routine use of CYE agar, which should be incorporated as the primary isolation medium for chest fluids and lung specimens. It appears that a large battery of antigens will be required for serological testing to diagnose infections caused by L micadei, L pneumophila and Legionella-like organisms. PMID- 7020254 TI - The Halsted mastectomy: present illness and past history. AB - The Halsted mastectomy put American surgeons of the late 19th century ahead of competing general practitioners at home and the preeminent German surgeons abroad. It thus served economic and nationalistic drives in the nascent specialty of surgery. Such socioemotional forces-and not scientific principles-may explain why Halsted's expansion of the mastectomy to include the pectoral muscles became lastingly institutionalized. PMID- 7020255 TI - [Vulvar and vaginal mycoses in girls and their treatment]. PMID- 7020256 TI - [Collection and shipping of materials for examination for the presence of non spore-forming anaerobic bacteria]. PMID- 7020253 TI - Obstetric infections. AB - Maternal infections are unique because of their implications for the outcome of pregnancy. Bacterial infections that can be favorably influenced by prompt diagnosis and preventive management include urinary tract infections and chorioamnionitis. However, viral infections such as genital herpes and cytomegalovirus, and the parasitic disease toxoplasmosis, require specialized forms of testing and a complicated management plan. Altered physiological and immunological states during pregnancy are important in understanding the pathophysiology of maternal infections. PMID- 7020257 TI - [Serology of neoplasms in the studies of Ludwik Hirszfeld and his co-workers during the 2d Republic]. PMID- 7020258 TI - [Isotope methods of study of the glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow]. PMID- 7020259 TI - [1931 statistical analysis of the incidence of malignant neoplasms in the population of the Second Republic]. PMID- 7020260 TI - [Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline in essential and renal hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma renin, adrenaline and noradrenaline were measured by the respective radioenzymic and radioimmunological methods in 69 patients with essential hypertension, 40 patients with secondary hypertension from chronic parenchymatous renal disease and in 18 normotensive controls. Plasma levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline were not statistically different in primary secondary hypertension and were comparable with normotensive controls. Compared with secondary hypertension, only 4% of patients with primary hypertension had a marginally raised plasma noradrenaline, compared with normotensive subjects, only 6% had a definitely raised plasma noradrenaline level. Though absolutely normal, noradrenaline in high renin essential hypertension was significantly higher than in low renin essential hypertension; it correlated neither with age nor blood pressure. Plasma adrenaline was reduced in about 30% of patients with primary and secondary hypertension, leading to a positively skewed frequency distribution; plasma adrenaline correlated positively with heart rate (p less than 0.001), pulse pressure (p less than 0.01) and plasma noradrenaline (p less than 0.01) and negatively with diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.05). Supine plasma catecholamine levels do not demonstrate differences in adrenergic tone in primary and secondary hypertension and do not add any new evidence for an increased sympathetic tone in primary hypertension. In fact, plasma adrenaline is suppressed in about 30% of patients with primary and secondary hypertension. PMID- 7020261 TI - [Anaerobic bacteria in clinical specimens of a hospital laboratory (author's transl)]. AB - Over a 14-month period 261 clinical specimens were cultured anaerobically, this figure representing about 3% of the total specimens submitted to the microbiological laboratory. Not accepted for anaerobic culture were stools, sputa, urines, vaginal and urethral swabs and swabs from superficial skin lesions. All materials were sent to the laboratory in an anaerobic transport medium and processed according to the recommendations of the American Society for Microbiology and the Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia. Not included in this figure are blood cultures and cultures from removed venous catheters. 35% of the specimens contained anaerobes. 169 anaerobic strains were isolated. 78 of them belonged to the Bacteroides fragilis group. Clostridium perfringens was found in only 7 cases. 14% of the strains were B. melaninogenicus, 7% other gram negative non-sporeforming rods. In most of the cases a mixed aerobic-anaerobic flora was found. More than 75% of specimens obtained from infections originating from the lower intestinal tract yielded growth of anaerobes. In infections of the bile duct anaerobes were found in 25% of the cases. In infections of the upper urinary tract anaerobes played no major role. 35% of the isolates of the B. fragilis group were resistant to tetracycline, 17% to cefoxitin and 9% to clindamycin. PMID- 7020262 TI - [Controlled ultra-high dosage methotrexate therapy in three patients with metastatic osteosarcoma (author's transl)]. AB - 9 HDMTX infusions with 30 to 55 g MTX and leucovorin rescue were given to 3 patients with multifocal osteosarcoma. Resistance to standard MTX infusions with up to 12 g/m2 body surface in 4 hours indicated the administration of these higher doses (27 g/m2 body surface on average) over a shorter period of time (160 min on average). MTX input was controlled by the increase in plasma MTX levels which were determined by EMIT enzyme assay within a few minutes of sampling. The plasma MTX levels were found to be up to 10 times (average 4 times) higher than those achieved by the standard infusion. All infusions proved to be relatively well tolerated in all 3 cases, although, thrice after 36 hours an increased leucovorin rescue had to be made for 12 hours, because of delayed renal methotrexate excretion; the usual leucovorin rescue (15 mg every 6 hours) was given for an average of five days. No therapeutic effects were seen either clinically, radiologically, or histologically. The resistance to HDMTX in these three patients could not be broken by HDMTX PLRD infusions. PMID- 7020263 TI - [New methods of syphilis serology]. PMID- 7020264 TI - [Clinical findings, pathogenesis and treatment of Bartter's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - In three children Bartter's syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of the typical laboratory findings and the characteristic histological changes of the kidney. Apart from the description of three cases especially the latest pathogenic findings are represented because of their important therapeutic consequences. In one of the patients the therapeutic effect of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor Indomethazin was statistically proved in a balance study performed under inpatient conditions and so it was indirectly proved that the prostaglandines play an essential role in the pathogenesis of Bartter's syndrome. The patients have now received Indomethazin for a period of 11 months up to two and a half years with the result of an impressive improvement of the clinical symptoms and an unequivocal increase of the serum potassium. The fact that despite of normal renin and aldosterone levels there was no complete normalization of the serum potassium level indicates that in addition of prostaglandines probably a superior mechanism plays a part in the origin Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 7020265 TI - [Clinical-experimental testing of drug aerosols (author's transl)]. AB - After having demonstrated the used different clinico-experimental measures of the therapeutic efficacy of drug aerosols in the literature some proposals were placed referring to criterions selecting patients and to test conditions for groups of inhalants. A special selection of patients and the presence of a control group are emphasized. The correct valuation of the results is demanded. PMID- 7020266 TI - [Prophylactic and therapeutic intermittent positive pressure breathing with combined therapeutic aerosols (IPPB/I)--functional and morphological effects. II. Therapeutic IPPB/I in ventilation disturbances of the lung (author's transl)]. AB - The present paper describes the therapeutic use of IPPB/I in postoperative pulmonary complications with ventilation disturbances of the lung. The beneficial effects of IPPB/I are shown in chest X-rays. The suppositions for performing IPPB/I, concerning equipment, staff and organization, are explained. PMID- 7020267 TI - [Anaerobic bacteria in bronchopulmonary diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Report on the results of cultivating bronchial secretion for anaerobic bacteria. It was collected from 1005 not selected patients with various lung diseases by using a special canula allowing to obtain the specimen under sterile conditions. In 228 patients (22.7%) anaerobic germs could be identified predominantly potentially pathogenic being: Fusobacterium nucleare (91), Veillonella (36), Pepto-streptococcus (23). Above all, they could be found in patients with bronchial carcinoma, bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis and pulmonary abscess. Most of them were sensible to penicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. PMID- 7020268 TI - [Torsion of the testicle (author's transl)]. AB - The acute complete torsion of the testis, caused by anatomical abnormalities, ends even today often with the loss of the organ, because the symptoms are not or too late recognized. To improve this poor prognosis the symptoms should be well noticed and operation should be performed within four to six hours. In case of doubt operation should be done immediately. On prophylactic grounds testispexy on the other side should be performed at the same operation. Testispexy is also important in cases of recurrent subtorsion. PMID- 7020269 TI - [Profile and tasks of a medical university polyclinic in the past and present using as example the Medical Polyclinical Institutes of the Karl Marx University of Leipzig]. AB - After a short survey of the historical development of the Medico-Policlinical Institute of the Karl Marx University Leipzig tasks and developmental tendencies of university medical policlinics are described, evaluating hereby the results of the Vth conference of higher education. They are understood as a university representation of ambulatorily working internists and to a large extent of the specialists for general medicine. Their main tasks consist in education and continued professional training of this group of physicians under integrative description of the whole subject internal medicine, a research oriented to practice as well as a guiding and coordination function for the ambulatory internistic care, taking into particular consideration the early recognition of a disease, in primary and secondary prevention as well as in a scientifically based ambulatory therapy of epidemiologically important diseases. PMID- 7020270 TI - [Possibilities of electrotherapy in tachycardial rhythm disorders]. AB - The pacemaker therapy of tachycardiac disturbances of rhythm used a great number of different methods which are applied according to the kind of disturbance of rhythm. A specialised intracardiac diagnostics is frequently necessary in order to select the suitable stimulation technique. A short survey of the different technical stimulation methods is given which are known from literature and for which own experiences are present. In the perspective a high value is ascribed to the pacemaker therapy in tachycardias. PMID- 7020271 TI - [The modeling mammectomy with free graft of the areolar complex (author's transl)]. AB - For big breasts I no longer use classic Strombeck, McKissock or Dufourmentel techniques, because we can be faced with problems of the areolar complex. On the other hand to achieve a good, long lasting result we need to realize a very important reduction. The drawing is done high at 17 +/- 1 cm with the long Wise pattern and the McKissock lazy-S. Only the upper part of the dermis flap is prepared for bed of the areolar complex and for reinforcement of the vertical part of the T scar. This technique of modeling mammectomy is perhaps one of the quickest and safest method of breast reduction. We present our experience after 50 bilateral reductions. PMID- 7020272 TI - [The effect of intubation, tracheotomy and central venous catheter on pneumonia and sepsis in burn patients]. AB - In 58 patients with extensive deep dermal burns the consequences of intubation, tracheotomy and central venous catheter in respect to pneumonia and bacteriaemia were studied. The sputum of tracheotomized patients showed twice as many pathogenic bacteria as the sputum of patients with prolonged intubation. From 93 subclavian catheters under bacteriological control 16 (17%) showed pathogenic bacteria on the tip. An identity between the bacille found in the blood stream and on the catheter tip was only found in 21%. From this study it seems conclusively that prolonged intubation is generally preverable to tracheostomy in severely burned patients and that the venous catheter can not be the most frequent cause of bacteriaemia. PMID- 7020273 TI - [History of the natural healing movement (III). Predecessor of Rousseau's naturism in ancient Rome. The philosophy of the Stoics and method-oriented medicine]. PMID- 7020274 TI - [History of naturopathy (IV). Dose the naturopathy movement have forerunners in the Renaissance? Montaigne, Paracelsus, observation medicine and hydrotherapy]. PMID- 7020275 TI - [History of naturopathy (V). What circumstances facilitated the development of the German naturopathy movement in the 19th century?]. PMID- 7020276 TI - Philip Syng Physick, father of American surgery. PMID- 7020277 TI - [The conjugation of bilirubin: clinico-experimental studies]. PMID- 7020278 TI - [Interferon inducer in the treatment of viral dermatoses]. PMID- 7020279 TI - [Use of Rothermann's attachment]. PMID- 7020280 TI - [Definition of the term "work with pathogenic microorganism" a problem of quality control in the food industry (author's transl)]. AB - According to the Federal Communicable Disease Act a permission is required for work with pathogenic microorganisms. Current interpretations of these legal requirements, however, pose considerable problems. For example it is quite open whether the determination of total counts or sterility tests are to be considered as work with pathogenic organisms or not. In a recent article a prominent representative of the federal health authority has discussed some of the aspects of this topic Unfortunately no progress in defining the term "work with pathogenic microorganisms" has been achieved. Therefore it seemed necessary to come back to that issue. The discussion presented here shows that the wording of the Federal Communicable Disease Act implies a rather restrictive interpretation of these provisions. Total counts, sterility tests, microbial flora analysis and salmonella tests in food quality control should not be considered as work with pathogenic microorganisms at all. Because of the great importance of these legal provisions health authorities definitely should avoid vague interpretation. Instead, if necessary, proper amendment of the legislation should be considered. PMID- 7020281 TI - [Staged functional closure of bladder extrophy (author's transl)]. AB - Two surgical alternatives exist in the treatment of classic bladder exstrophy: urinary diversion and functional closure. The staged ureterosigmoidostomy is the treatment of choice for patients not suitable for bladder and urethral reconstruction. The treatment of the patients selected for closure begins by closing the bladder during the neonatal period. Osteotomy appears to be necessary in children older than 2 days. Incontinence and vesico-ureteral reflux are treated by bladder neck-urethral reconstruction and reimplantation of the ureters at three years of age. Closure of the epispadias follows in the fifth year. It may be necessary to treat upper tract complications by secondary urinary diversion. Concerning incontinence, technical improvement in artificial sphincter may soon offer an alternative to urinary diversion. The results of 70 primary bladder closures selected from 94 patients presenting with bladder exstrophy are presented: 54 patients with long-term follow-up and completed staged repair were available for assessment: 31 (57.5%) proved to have a good result and 10 (18.5%) to have a fair results. 13 (24.0%) were completely incontinent or required diversion. Failures were thought to be the results of inadequate selection or failure to achieve continence. PMID- 7020282 TI - [Historical development of medical malpractice (author's transl)]. AB - The first legal rules about medical malpractice are to be found in 1700 B.C. (Antique Babylon). Only about 3,000 years later a legally based definition about medical malpractice is given in the "Carolina" and a judgement by experts (medical professional people) is demanded. In about 1630, Paolo Zacchia finds the following statement for medical malpractice: "Medicus errat ommitendo et commitendo". In 1797, Fahner demands a modern definition (still acknowledged today) for medical malpractice and he demands courts for the medical profession. With the Prussian Medical Legislation part of these demands were met in the first third of the 19th century. PMID- 7020283 TI - [Plasma insulin and blood glucose levels in swine. Part 1. Insulin and glucose levels in relation to protein, fat and carbohydrate intake]. PMID- 7020284 TI - [Surgical treatment of urethral stricture]. PMID- 7020285 TI - [Technical experiences in vascular anastomoses using a microscope]. PMID- 7020286 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (29)]. PMID- 7020287 TI - [Omphalocele, its treatment and late correction]. PMID- 7020288 TI - [175 years of hygiene at Austrian universities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020289 TI - [Earth as a microbiological indicator of sterilization. Dependence of the "resistance" upon the conditions under which the earth is tested for surviving germs; a possibility for the adaption of the resistance to the requirements (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020290 TI - [Directives for the testing and evaluation of chemical disinfection methods--1st part (1.1.1981). I. In vitro tests. II. Tests under medical practice conditions. 1. Hygienic hand disinfection. 2. Surgical hand disinfection]. PMID- 7020291 TI - [Incidence of female gonorrhoea in relationship with inflammatory gynaecological diseases - verification from cultures (author's transl)]. AB - Gonorrhoea was detected in 7.3 per cent of 423 patients with gynaecological inflammations. Positive findings were recorded from 8.5 per cent of 248 patients with adnexitis and 6.9 per cent of 130 patients with fluor. However, gonorrhoea incidence among 31 patients with pointed condyloma was as low as 3.2 per cent. These findings were found to differ drastically from the data so far obtained from the common approach of microscopic diagnosis by which hardly any positive detection of gonococci had been recordable from gynaecological out-patients over the years. The present considerable rise in positive findings has resulted only from the use of a modified transport medium, according to Stuart, which proved to be highly applicable to gynaecological practice. With the authors' patients, the new approach showed the presence of gonorrhoea in one of 14 patients with inflammatory gynaecological processes. Against the background of the present epidemiological situation, verification of gonococci from cultures should be made an integral component of gynaecological routine checks. PMID- 7020292 TI - [Surgical methods for treatment of non-pregnant women for cervical insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have submitted a modified technique by which to treat severe cervical insufficiency in gynaecological practice, outside pregnancy. The technique may be used with generosity, since no particular technical problems are involved, and complications are ruled which may otherwise occur, when surgery is applied during pregnancy. The method also provides additional advantages over other surgical approaches commonly taken to non-pregnant women, in that it proved helpful in eliminating not only dilatation of the internal os uteri, but other pathological conditions of the cervix uteri, as well. PMID- 7020293 TI - [Surgical approach to longstanding complete rupture (author's transl)]. AB - Operations were performed on 26 cases of longstanding complete rupture of the perineum. Two wires of stainless metal were pulled through the lower parts of the levators and the outer sphincter to stabilise the other sutures and relieve them from stress. Faecal continence was restored in all women. Satisfactory sphincter function was established by periodical tonometric checks. PMID- 7020294 TI - [Changes in the hormone balance of the baboon Papio hamadryas during chronic stress]. PMID- 7020295 TI - [Functional asymmetry of the animal brain]. PMID- 7020296 TI - [Periods of brain structure development in rat ontogeny (a review)]. PMID- 7020297 TI - [Genetic code degeneration and protein amino acid makeup]. PMID- 7020298 TI - [Indirect immunofluorescence and complement absorption test characterization of anti-brain antibodies in schizophrenia]. AB - The content and tropism of anticerebral antibodies were examined in 20 schizophrenic patients using the indirect immunofluorescence and complement fixation tests. With the aid of the latter the antibodies were revealed in 15 patients, the antibodies to the homologous brain being more frequent in patients with a more severe, continuously progressing schizophrenia, while the antibodies to a heterologous (rat) brain were more often detected in patients with slowly progressing forms of the disease. In 18 patients, the indirect immunofluorescence test showed fixation of immunoglobulins on the nervous tissue components, such as, neurons, myelin, vascular walls. Rather frequently fluorescence of the microglia cells was observed: according to literary data this is not the case with sera of neurological patients. Of attention was a selective fluorescence of the canaliculi observed in examinations of the renal tissue. The data obtained point to a participation of the immunological reactions in the schizophrenia pathogenesis, these reactions involving various morphological and functional systems. PMID- 7020299 TI - [Ivan Nikolaevich Filimonov (on the 90th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7020300 TI - [Hereditary syndromes featuring oligophrenia and obesity]. PMID- 7020301 TI - Disturbed fluxes of Rb+(K+) and Cl- in islets of spontaneously diabetic mice (C57BL/KsJ-db/db). AB - KsJ-db/db-mouse islets have a well functioning cation pump. Islets from diabetic mice did not accumulate less RB+ and did not exhibit less activity of K+ stimulated p-nitrophenyl phosphatase than did those of non-diabetic controls. In fact, the diabetic mouse islets accumulated Rb+ somewhat more effectively than normal mouse islets. This difference could be explained by the reduced Rb+ permeability in the islets cells of diabetic mice. The kinetics of Cl- efflux were also changed in the islets from diabetic mice, suggesting an increased Cl- permeability. These anomalous regulations can explain the defective membrane potential and the high basal release of insulin in diabetic mice. The D-glucose concentration had no effect on the permeabilities to Rb+ and Cl-. This is in contrast, to normal controls, in whose islets 20 mmol/l D-glucose decreases the Rb+ permeability and increases the Cl- permeability. This glucose insensitivity of ion permeabilities may help to explain the secretory unresponsiveness of KsJ db/db-mouse beta-cells. PMID- 7020302 TI - Islet metabolism: recent acquisitions. AB - Isolated pancreatic rat islets deprived of exogenous nutrients maintain a sustained rate of O2 consumption. Glucose exerts little effect upon the utilization of endogenous nutrients. It is proposed that, under physiological conditions circulating L-glutamine represents a major fuel to cover the basal energy expenditure of the islets. Exogenous L-glutamine, which is actively metabolized in the islets, also provides an adequate substrate for the reaction catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase. L-glutamine dramatically enhances insulin release evoked by those amino acids which cause allosteric activation of the latter enzyme, e.g. L-leucine or b(-)BCH. PMID- 7020303 TI - Characterization of insulin biosynthesis and secretion of pancreatic islets prepared from hyperglycaemic sand rats. I. Investigations of freshly isolated islets. PMID- 7020304 TI - Characterization of insulin biosynthesis and secretion of pancreatic islets prepared from hyperglycaemic sand rats. II. Investigations of islets after different periods of cultivation. AB - Cultivation of pancreatic islets of sand rats in the presence of high glucose led to a very high insulin release and to strongly diminished insulin contents independent of the metabolic stage of the sand rats. Changes in the [3H]-leucine incorporation into (pro)insulin were not found in dependence of cultivation. PMID- 7020305 TI - Comparison of insulin secretion by the isolated perfused pancreas and perifused islets of the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus). AB - The dynamics of glucose-stimulated insulin release were studied in the perfused pancreas and in isolated perifused islets of spiny mice. The pattern of insulin release induced by an increase of the glucose concentration from 2.8 mM to 16.7 mM was different in the two preparations. In the perfused pancreas there was an early insulin release contrasting with an absence of the early response in isolated islets. The later insulin release response (5 min to 30 min) was present and similar in both preparations. The reduction of early phase insulin release may be due to a reduced glucose sensitivity in the beta cells of spiny mice, most apparent in isolated islets. PMID- 7020306 TI - Insulin secretin of rat pancreatic islets incubated with autologous or heterologous serum. AB - Isolated rat pancreatic islets were incubated with either rat or human serum. Undiluted serum of both rat and man provided a strong insulin release, probably caused by a leakage of damaged B-cells. Heat inactivation of the serum only partially reversed this effect. Serum, which was diluted by 50% with buffer, had a much smaller cytotoxic activity. The effect on insulin leakage was further depressed when the complement system of the serum was inactivated by heat or zymosan treatment or storage of the serum before use. When rat islets were incubated in rat or human serum pretreated in this way, the glucose effect on insulin secretion could be determined. PMID- 7020307 TI - Effects of alloxan on the islets of Langerhans. Possible mechanisms of diabetogenic action. AB - To study some possible mechanisms responsible for the diabetogenic action of alloxan on the islets of Langerhans, islets isolated from normal mice were exposed to the drug at 4 degrees C. The low temperature employed during alloxan exposure minimized the degradation of the drug. Incubations performed at 37 degrees C after alloxan treatment of the islets in the cold showed that the drug had no effect on islet glucose utilization, whereas both islet glucose and leucine oxidation were inhibited. However, alloxan did not affect the islet activity of the plasma membrane bound enzyme adenylate cyclase (E.C. 4.6.1.1). From these and previous results it is concluded that the B-cytotoxicity of alloxan reflects an interaction with intracellular sites involved in the oxidative metabolism of the B-cell rather than with B-cell plasma membrane components. Furthermore, it was found that glucose, but not leucine or pyruvate, could protect against the inhibition of islet glucose oxidation. These findings could suggest that the B-cytotoxic action of the drug is prevented exclusively by hexoses. PMID- 7020308 TI - Effect of diabetes on islet area and beta-cell function. AB - beta-cell function was studied in the isolated perfused mouse pancreas. Morphometrical analysis of the islets of Langerhans was done after in situ staining with dithizone. Islet area correlated well with the fasted body weight. Fasting hyperglycemia was induced 15 days after the start of a daily injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) for 5 days. At day 15 the total islet area was reduced to 1% and total insulin release to 4% of the controls. The presence of fasting hyperglycemia in mice after low-dose streptozotocin treatment is associated with a major loss in beta-cell function and islet mass. PMID- 7020309 TI - Regulation of insulin biosynthesis in carp islets (Cyprinus carpio). AB - The biosynthesis of proinsulin was measured by the incorporation of radiolabelled leucine and phenylalanine into carp islet protein. Even in the absence of glucose or amino acids in the medium the share of proinsulin in the total protein biosynthesis amounted to 40% of the total incorporated [3H]-leucine during 2 h of incubation. Glucose increased the rate of total protein biosynthesis in carp islets by approximately 20%, but no preferential increase of proinsulin synthesis occurred in the presence of glucose. Furthermore leucine did not increase [3H] phenylalanine incorporation into proinsulin. Cyproheptadine, a specific inhibitor of proinsulin biosynthesis in mammals, did not inhibit in carp islets. The total protein synthesis was strongly dependent on the temperature. The share of proinsulin synthesis decreased from 40% at 17 degrees C to 20% at 4 degrees C. Even more drastically, the conversion of proinsulin to insulin became slower at lower temperatures and was undetectable at 4 degrees C. The results indicate that in contrast to mammals, in islets of the poikilotherm carp, metabolic substrates may play a less important role that the temperature in the regulation of insulin biosynthesis. PMID- 7020310 TI - Effect of cations on insulin biosynthesis in mouse pancreatic islets. AB - Rates of incorporation of L-phenyl(2,3-3H)alanine into insulin and total protein in mouse pancreatic islets were measured. Glucose-stimulated total protein synthesis and insulin biosynthesis are depressed when the medium is deprived of Na+, K+ and Mg++ whereas the same processes are totally independent of extracellular Ca++. Excess Ca++ (15 mM) has no effect on insulin biosynthesis but 12 mM Mg++ impairs glucose-stimulated insulin biosynthesis preferentially. 40 mM K+ inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin biosynthesis as well as total protein synthesis. Omission of K+ inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin biosynthesis preferentially. 10(-4) M ouabain inhibits both glucose-stimulated total protein synthesis and insulin biosynthesis. When Ca++ is replaced by 2 mM Ba++ glucose stimulation of both total protein synthesis and insulin synthesis is abolished. Preferentially inhibited insulin biosynthesis in the presence of very low Na+ (24 mM) is seen not only with glucose but also with leucine, N-acetylglucosamine and mannose as stimulants, suggesting that the sodium-sensitive step is localized distal to the process of glucose recognition by the beta-cell. PMID- 7020311 TI - Influence of culture conditions on B-cell functions in vitro. AB - Isolated pancreatic islets from Wistar rats were maintained in vitro at 37 degrees C for 12 days in TCM 199 containing 10 mmol/l glucose and supplemented with 10% serum. 10 mmol/l glucose completely prevented the diminution of insulin content independent of the type of serum (fetal calf serum; serum from newborn calfs; horse serum), whereas the insulin biosynthesis as well as the insulin release were modulated by the kind of serum. Fetal calf serum can be replaced by horse serum. PMID- 7020312 TI - Physical basis of arterial diagnosis by continuous wave Doppler. A review. PMID- 7020313 TI - Lorcainide (R 15 889), a first review. AB - This is a first review of lorcainide hydrochloride, a new antiarrhythmic agent with local anaesthetic activity. The antiarrhythmic actions of lorcainide are mediated by an impairment of fast sodium conductance. Pharmacologically, this drug appears effective in suppressing reentry phenomena and ectopic pacemaker activity, especially in the ventricles. Lorcainide has only negligible depressant effects on important haemodynamic parameters and its toxicity is minimal. The drug is well absorbed by the oral route and its elimination half-life is long when compared with other substances. Lorcainide-induced QRS widening is directly correlated with the plasma levels of the drug. Preliminary experience in supraventricular arrhythmias is promising but pre-excitation syndromes and the ventricular arrhythmias are the main indications for this drug since a very high response rate has been observed in these conditions. Side effects are harmless and dose-dependent, but may be clinically troublesome. PMID- 7020314 TI - Immunoperoxidase staining in tumor marker distribution studies in cytologic specimen. PMID- 7020315 TI - Cytodifferentiation of urinary epithelial fragments: papillary transitional cell carcinoma in a renal allograft recipient. AB - Exfoliated epithelial fragments found in urinary sediment may originate in renal parenchymal or lower urinary tract epithelium. Cytologists must be aware of situations or diseases that frequently exfoliate epithelial fragments from these sites. In this case report, cytodiagnoses of both renal ischemic necrosis and low grade papillary transitional cell carcinoma were made. Exfoliated renal epithelial fragments were accurately identified by their morphologic features and distinguished from exfoliated urothelial fragments of a low-grade bladder neoplasm. PMID- 7020316 TI - Convergence of two types of familial short stature in a pedigree. AB - This study reports an unusual family with coexistence of isolated growth hormone deficiency transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait (Rimoin Type II) and constitutional short stature. PMID- 7020317 TI - Disappearance of insulin in man: variation with the plasma insulin level. AB - Clearance rates of unlabelled insulin were studied in 45 unanaesthetized non diabetic humans. The clearance rate, as well as the pancreatic secretion rate, of endogenous insulin was estimated from steady-state concentrations in portal and arterial blood. The clearance rate of exogenous insulin was determined after brief intraportal infusion. In the basal fasting state, the endogenous plasma insulin level varied as closely with the clearance of endogenous insulin as with the rate of pancreatic secretion. During elevation of insulin by glucose infusion, it varied predominantly with the rate of insulin secretion. Clearance of exogenous insulin did not vary with the pre-test endogenous insulin level. The clearance of endogenous insulin increased form 11 ml . min-1 . kg-1 in the basal fasting state to 17 ml . min-1. kg-1 during glucose infusion. Clearance of exogenous insulin fell progressively with increasing dose, form 35 (8 mU/kg) to 14 (43 mU/kg) ml . min-1 . kg-1 at normoglycaemia and 23 (8 mU/kg) to 17 (34 mU/kg) ml . min-1 . kg-1 at hyperglycaemia. The clearance of endogenous insulin was lower than that of exogenous insulin at normoglycaemia, but of similar size during glucose infusion. It is concluded that variation in clearance rate is partly responsible for variation in plasma insulin concentration, particularly in the basal fasting state, and that the clearance rate is lower in the basal state than otherwise. To some extent, the low clearance values for endogenous insulin in the basal state may reflect poor specificity of the insulin radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7020318 TI - Presence of TRF immunoreactivity in marginal islet cells in rat pancreas. AB - Isolated rat pancreatic islet extracts were submitted to reverse phase high pressure chromatography (HPLC) and assayed for thyrotrophin releasing factor (TRF), glucagon and insulin in radioimmunoassays (RIA). Our anti-TRF serum was prepared by immunizing rabbits with TRF conjugated to bovine thyroglobulin (bTG) by bisdiazobenzidine. Anti-glucagon and antiinsulin were from a commercial source (Novo, Denmark). The concentrations of TRF, glucagon and insulin were 0.05 +/- 0.02, 0.06 +/- 0.02 and 1.0 +/- 0.2 pmol/islet, respectively. Formalin-fixed pancreatic sections were stained for TRF, glucagon and insulin by peroxidase, antiperoxidase (PAP) complex method. When the adjacent sections were stained for glucagon or insulin, it was observed that TRF and glucagon-specific peroxidase reactions were confined to the marginal islet cells, but insulin reactions to the central cells. The TRF-specific peroxidase reaction was clearly reduced when the anti-TRF serum was unchanged when the antiserum was pre-incubated with synthetic TRF. The present HPLC results suggest that the islets contained TRF. Immunocytochemical studies show that the TRF-immunoreactive material, either synthesized or bound, is localized in the marginal islet cells. PMID- 7020319 TI - Bloodtyping and twin zygosity: reassessment and extension. AB - The determination of twin zygosity by bloodtyping is reconsidered, and the model for the individual case is reformulated. The crucial diagnostic question may be phrased as follows: Given the particular array of bloodgroup phenotypes that the twins display and are concordant for, how might this array have been obtained by a pair of dizygotic twins, and how might the array have been obtained by a monozygotic pair? The solution yields a differential probability value that is uniquely tailored to the actual phenotype array shown. The procedure offers a coherent and more direct method for arriving at the needed probability figures, and it is recommended to supersede previous methods. Some similarities and differences between the methods are discussed. PMID- 7020320 TI - Serological diagnosis of toxocariasis: the use of larval antigens in the ELISA. PMID- 7020321 TI - The effect of cryopreservation on gametocytogenesis of Plasmodium berghei berghei: a preliminary report. PMID- 7020322 TI - Ultrastructure of the pancreas of Bradypus tridactylus. AB - The fine structure of the pancreas of the South American three toed sloth, Bradypus tridactylus, is described. In exocrine cells two types of granules are found. The first variety of granules is circular, of about 0.9 micrometer mean diameter, and probably represents zymogen granules. The second type of granule is larger (up to 1.4 micrometer in diameter) and contains a granular electron-dense material which is separated from the limiting membrane by a wide space. Only one type of islet cell was found. It contains spherical membrane-bound granules of uniform size. PMID- 7020323 TI - Immunofluorescence of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in small intensely fluorescent cells of human sympathetic ganglia. AB - Thoracic and lumbar sympathetic ganglia of human males were investigated using a method for the consecutive demonstration of catecholamines and catecholamine synthesizing enzymes in fluorescence microscopy. In the thoracic ganglion, a minor population of small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells, identified by glyoxylic-acid-induced fluorescence, exhibited positive indirect immunofluorescence after incubation with antibody to dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH). SIF cells in the lumbar ganglion exclusively stained DBH-negative. The findings indicate the presence of two SIF cell populations in the thoracic ganglia of the human sympathetic trunk, one containing dopamine and the other containing norepinephrine and/or epinephrine. In lumbar ganglia, only dopamine storing SIF cells appear to be present. PMID- 7020325 TI - [Acute optical hallucinations in the juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Spielmeyer-Vogt syndrome)]. PMID- 7020324 TI - Glial fibrillary acidic protein in stromal cells of some capillary hemangioblastomas: significance and possible implications of an immunoperoxidase study. AB - Thirty-nine hemangioblastomas from 26 patients were studied by the immunoperoxidase method for GFA protein. Reactive gliosis in the form of trapped GFA protein-positive astrocytes or astrocytic cell processes penetrated the margins of all the neuraxial tumors and none of those occurring on nerve roots or in the tumor explants maintained in an organ culture system. Gliosis was especially prominent in tumors recurring after surgical excision or in patients with a long history of tumor. In six tumors, representing both the reticular and the cellular variants of hemangioblastoma, GFA protein-positive stromal cells were also found, chiefly in the periphery of the neoplasma: all these tumors were surrounded by dense reactive gliosis. Four hypotheses accounting for the presence of GFA protein-positive stromal cells are considered: (1) The tumors are astrocytomas. (2) The GFA protein-positive cells are not neoplastic but lipidized or altered reactive astrocytes. (3) The tumors are mixed and partly composed of neoplastic astrocytes. (4) The stromal cells are capable of taking up extracellular GFA protein derived from the adjacent reactive astrocytes. The last of these hypotheses is the most consistent with the collective evidence derived from the histological findings. It implies that the presence of GFA protein in the cytoplasm of a cell does not necessarily establish that the cell is glial. The possibility of uptake of GFA protein by non-glial cells must be considered if dense gliosis is present in the vicinity. PMID- 7020326 TI - L-dopa and treatment of hyperactive children. PMID- 7020327 TI - [Hypo- and hyperglycemic addiction equivalents in polytoxicomania. A case report]. PMID- 7020328 TI - [Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and psychosurgery]. PMID- 7020329 TI - [Psychosomatics. The soma-psyche relationship]. PMID- 7020330 TI - [The effect of a minor brain dysfunction on the expression and long-term development of behavior disorders in children]. PMID- 7020331 TI - Experimental pyelonephritis in mice following ascending infection with C. coli. Acute phase. AB - The initial interaction between uroepithelial cells and Escherichia coli which has adhesive or invasive activity for cultured cells was studied ultrastructurally at the in situ of infection in the model of ascending pyelonephritis in mice. The densely piliated adhesive strain E77156 isolated from the urine of a patient with urinary tract infection adhered to the pelvic and renal tubular epithelial cells and colonized on their cell surfaces and thereafter in the cytoplasm. The non-piliated invasive strain 633-65 isolated from a patient with dysentery-like syndrome did not colonize on the uroepithelial cell surfaces but easily penetrated into the cytoplasm of these cells. Thereafter multiplication was observed in their cytoplasm. Neither strain scarcely penetrated into the interstitium via the basement membrane of the renal tubules. PMID- 7020332 TI - Experimental pyelonephritis in mice following ascending infection with E. coli. Chronic phase. AB - Adhesive and invasive strains of Escherichia coli induced chronic pyelonephritis in mice following the acute phase. The pathological features of the induced chronic pyelonephritis were different between the groups of mice infected with these strains. In piliated adhesive strain (E77156)-infection, the kidneys with viable bacilli showed pyonephrosis with incomplete obstruction or atrophy with coarse scar. Mice with these renal lesions showed high serum antibody levels, but histologically recurrent infection was frequent. On the other hand, in non piliated invasive strain (633-65)-infection, sterile pyelonephritis developed. This chronic lesion was characterized by the migration of antigen-bearing macrophages and lymphocytes and by a negative serum antibody response. In infections with either strain the predominant lymphocytes in the renal lesions were smooth-surfaced T-lymphocytes. PMID- 7020333 TI - Idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis with crescents. AB - Three cases with idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis associated with crescent formation are reported. A 39-year-old woman showed rapidly progressive decline in renal function. Her renal histology disclosed early membranous changes with diffuse crescent formation. Another patient, a 37-year-old woman with nephrotic syndrome, underwent a renal biopsy which revealed fully developed membranous glomerulonephritis with focal crescents. The proteinuria of the third patient, a 63-year-old woman, was closely examined, and her renal biopsy showed membranous glomerulonephritis with focal crescents. The renal function in the second and third cases has been stable. Circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies were not detected in any of the cases. It is possible that idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis evolves into crescentic glomerulonephritis by means of immune complexes without mediation of anti glomerular basement membrane antibodies. PMID- 7020335 TI - Survey on the reservoirs of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia enterocolitica like bacteria in Scandinavia. AB - Data pertaining to 330 Yersinia strains isolated from wild-living mammals, birds, fish, water, and soil in Scandinavia are summarized. The strains represent a broad spectrum of antigenic and biochemical variants interconnecting the species Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis. A total of 136 strains were Y. enterocolitica sensu stricto; 55 strains produced acid rhamnose (Y. frederiksenii); 49 strains did not produce acid from sucrose (Y. kristensenii); 21 strains produced acid from rhamnose and melibiose (Y. intermedia); three strains were classified as Y. pseudotuberculosis. The remaining 66 strains could not be ascribed by any presently defined species. Seven strains were antigenically related to serogroup 3. Ecologically, Y. frederiksenii and Y. intermedia were more confined to aquatic ecosystems (fish and water) than Y. enterocolitica sensu stricto which was prevalent in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Y. kristensenii was ecologically comparable to Y. enterocolitica biotype 1, with their highest prevalence among terrestrial vertebrates. Y. frederiksenii and Y. intermedia seemed antigenically and biochemically more similar to Y. enterocolitica sensu stricto than Y. kristensenii. PMID- 7020334 TI - A modified isolation technique for Chlamydia psittaci in L-cells treated with cycloheximide and glucocorticoid. AB - Various auxiliary treatments of L-cells employed for the isolation and cultivation of C. psittaci were investigated in order to develop an improved method for the detection of the agent, in addition to the aid obtained by centrifugation and cycloheximide treatment. Glucocorticoid treatment increased the observed number of inclusions considerably through a preservative effect on host cells and enhanced an spontaneous re-infection. Besides, the hormone made the scanning of cell culture for inclusions more convenient through an altered cell morphology. This method was tested with two extreme species types that differed as regards cytopathogenicity and growth rate. The length of the cultivation period was of great importance for the diagnostic result. Especially the cytopathogenic agent-type influenced the optimal time of cell culture fixation, which was situated around 48 or 88 hours post infection (h p.i.). Owing to the cytotoxicity of field samples (milk secretion), the cell culture technique (48 h p.i.) was less sensitive compared to the conventional isolation method in embryonated eggs. However, a different sampling technique improved the result, and simultaneous use of the secondary multiplication cycle of chlamydia (88 h p.i.) makes the less cumbersome cell culture technic recommendable. PMID- 7020336 TI - A study of the elimination phase of phagocytosis of 32P-labelled Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear cells. AB - A study of the elimination phase of phagocytosis of a radio-labelled strain of Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear cells is presented. In the presence of normal serum during the ingestion and post-ingestion phases, the elimination was 55%. Omission of normal serum during the post-ingestive phase resulted in an elimination of 35%. Without serum in both phases the elimination was approximately 50%. Microscopically the bacterial cell envelope appeared unchanged during the post-ingestive period (3h). PMID- 7020337 TI - Comparison of serological tests for detection of Mycoplasma hominis antibodies in female Grivet monkeys with experimentally induced salpingitis. AB - Four serological tests, viz. indirect hemagglutination (IHA), metabolism inhibition (MI), immunofluorescence (IMF), and a modification of the growth inhibition (GI) test have been compared for the detection of antibodies against Mycoplasma hominis in female grivet monkeys with experimentally induced pelvic inflammatory disease. Moreover, cold hemagglutinins (CHA), and immunoglobulins, M, G, and A have been determined. The IHA test was found to be superior to the other methods used. The antibodies were present in all inoculated monkeys two weeks after the inoculation and a maximum in titre occurred one week later. Antibodies detected by the modified GI test occurred in all monkeys inoculated with the organism together with the IHA antibodies, but the maximum in titre was less marked. The IMF test was less sensitive than the GI test; the antibodies generally occurred later and disappeared faster. Using the MI test, no antibodies could be detected in any of the monkeys during the experimental period and no CHA antibodies were found in any of the sera. IgM rose earlier and declined more rapidly than IgG. It is concluded that the IHA test is most suitable for the measurement of serum antibodies caused by infection with M. hominis in grivet monkeys. The modified GI test, although less sensitive, may also be useful because of its simplicity in performance. PMID- 7020338 TI - The use of frozen erythrocytes in the single radial haemolysis test (SRHT) for antibodies to rubella virus. AB - The cryoprotection of erythrocytes from newborn chickens was investigated. The cryoprotective agents tested were neutralized polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol. Best results were obtained with 10 per cent DMSO, whereas 20 per cent DMSO and glycerol were unfit for use. The red cell concentration and the temperature of freezing and thawing were of importance. Recovery of cells after thawing was most successful when the cells had been frozen at a concentration of 5 per cent, and best results were obtained when the cells were frozen directly in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C). Frozen and thawed chicken cells were used in the single radial haemolysis test (SRHT) for the assay of rubella antibody, and compared with frozen and thawed erythrocytes from hen and sheep. Haemagglutinin (HA) absorbed sheep erythrocytes could be frozen in small quantities and used directly in the SRHT plates whereas frozen erythrocytes from newborn chickens and hen had to be washed before use in the SRHT phase. PMID- 7020339 TI - Effects of antibacterial agents on the elimination of 32P-labelled Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). AB - Eight antibacterial agents, cephalothin, colistin, doxycycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline and trimethoprim were studied in a phagocytic system using human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and a radio-labelled strain of Escherichia coli as test microbe. 100 micrograms/ml of either doxycycline or trimethoprim appeared to reduce the elimination of labelled products from the PMN. The effect of doxycycline was independent of heat-labile serum factors. PMID- 7020340 TI - Binding of fibrinogen degradation products to S. aureus and to beta-hemolytic streptococci group A, C and G. AB - Binding of fibrinogen degradation products was measured to Gram-positive cocci known to carry receptors for human fibrinogen. Forty-one strains of S. aureus and group A, C and G streptococci were studied. The largest plasmin produced fragment (X-fragment, HMWDP) showed higher binding levels to the bacterial receptors in all four species as compared to intact fibrinogens. The enzymatically produced C terminal fragment D was strongly reactive, whereas the N-terminal fragment E was non-reactive. Inhibition experiments showed that reactive fragments were bound to the same receptors as fibrinogen. Three chemically-produced and well characterized fragments from the terminal and the middle portions of the fibrinogen molecule were all negative in binding assays. The binding patterns for fibrinogen and the fragments tested were identical in the four bacterial species tested, S. aureus and group A, C and G streptococci. The results confirm and extend earlier data on similarities between fibrinogen receptors on these Gram positive bacterial species. PMID- 7020341 TI - Microbial conversion of bilirubin to urobilins in vitro and in vivo. AB - No urobilins are formed from bilirubin in germ-free rats. To isolate and investigate the strains of intestinal microorganisms responsible for this transformation, a suitable test medium was adopted. The strength of the medium and a rather high initial pH were found to be of importance. In this medium, suspensions of rat faeces and a single strain, Cl. ramosum (G62), converted bilirubin to urobilins. Cultivations of Cl. ramosum (G62) together with E. coli significantly enhanced the conversion, whereas addition of 4 other bacterial strains was without the influence. The highest in vitro formation of the urobilins was about 10% of the bilirubin present. When the 6 strains investigated in vitro were established in EXG rats, the in vivo conversion of bilirubin to urobilins was found to be about 15%, compared to 70% in CONV rats. PMID- 7020342 TI - Yersinia pseudotuberculosis as the cause of septicaemia in a patient with liver cirrhosis. A case report. AB - Septicaemia caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in a female patient, aged 22, is reported. She had suffered from a chronic active hepatitis for 14 years and had been treated with corticosteroids and azathioprine. The Y. pseudotuberculosis septicaemia responded well to treatment with doxycycline orally, but the patient died 2 weeks later because of excessive bleeding from varicose veins of the oesophagus. PMID- 7020343 TI - Binding of aggregated IgG in the presence of fresh serum: strong association with type 12 group A streptococci. AB - Highly selected group A streptococci, 108 strains isolated from different groups of individuals, were tested for binding of aggregated human IgG which had been pre-incubated in fresh human serum. All strains displayed resistance to phagocytosis typical of M-producing strains. Among 73 strains isolated from sporadic cases of acute glomerulo-nephritis (AGN), 34 (47 per cent) bound the aggregates. All of 26 type 12 group A streptococci but none of 15 type 49 strains proved positive in the test system. Furthermore, one type 1 and one type 18 strain were positive. All 9 type 49 strains isolated in a minor epidemic of AGN proved negative. Twenty-six strains of type 12 group A streptococci were isolated during three different prospective studies in which no cases of AGN had occurred; all these strains bound aggregates in the presence of fresh serum. Thus, it was found that the capacity to bind aggregates in the presence of fresh serum was strongly associated with--though not limited to--group A streptococci carrying the type 12 antigen. However, this characteristic is not common to all nephritogenic strains, since all type 49 group A streptococci were negative in the test system. PMID- 7020344 TI - Effect of a synthetic LH-RH agonist on the endocrine function of the testis, adrenocortex and thyroid gland in cocks. AB - Testosterone, progesterone, thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels in peripheral plasma of cocks and capons were determined by RIA, corticosteroid contents by CPB method 10, 20 and 30 min as well as 1, 2 and 4 hr following a single intravenous injection of 0.5 micrograms/kg D-Lys6-LH-RH ethylamide. Testosterone level increased after 30 min, reached a peak after 1 hr, and returned after 4 hr to the control level in cocks. Plasma concentrations of progesterone and triiodothyronine did not change in response to the treatment. Thyroxine plasma level increased in cocks simultaneously with the decrease of testosterone contents between 1 and 2 hr. In capons, the increase of thyroxine did not occur, thus the promoting factor was probably not LH-RH but rather the decrease of the high testosterone level. Corticosterone level increased between the 2nd and the 4th hr in cocks and between the 1st and 4th hr in capons. This increase might have been due to the increase in thyroxine level (cocks) and the immediate stimulatory effect of the LH-RH analogue of not the C-RH type (cocks, capons). PMID- 7020345 TI - Renal artery blood flow assessed by video dilution technique before and after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - Successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed in 3 cases of renal artery stenosis where the effect upon renal blood flow was quantified by video dilution technique. This technique adds important information to pressure gradients and renin assays obtained during the dilatation procedure. PMID- 7020346 TI - Erythrocyte and total body potassium in untreated primary hypertension. AB - In a study of total body and erythrocyte potassium in mild hypertension we found decreased intracellular potassium concentrations in 41 hypertensives compared to controls but no correlation between intracellular potassium, measured by whole body counting, and erythrocyte potassium. A total body potassium corresponding to an intracellular potassium of 85% or less of the expected value was found in females. In the hypertensives, a negative correlation existed between serum and erythrocyte potassium. No correlation was found between potassium decrease and urinary aldosterone or plasma renin level. An inhibition of the active sodium potassium exchange at the cellular level is proposed as an explanation of these findings. PMID- 7020347 TI - Magnesium deficiency. Etiology and clinical spectrum. AB - Magnesium deficiency may complicate many diseases. The causes include the following: inadequate intake during starvation or increased requirement during early childhood, pregnancy, or lactation; excessive losses of magnesium as a result of malabsorption from the gastrointestinal tract or from the kidneys during use of diuretics; and to a combination of the two, as in alcoholism. Most often the etiological factors have been operative for a month or more. Acute hypomagnesemia can occur without previous Mg deficiency after epinephrine, cold stress and stress of serious injury or extensive surgery. The clinical manifestations depend on the age of the patient and may begin insidiously or with dramatic suddenness, or there may be no overt symptoms or signs. The manifestations can be divided into the following categories: totally non-specific symptoms and signs ascribable to the primary disease; neuromuscular hyperactivity including tremor, myoclonic jerks, convulsions, Chvostek sign, Trousseau sign (rarely), spontaneous carpopedal spasm (rarely), ataxia, nystagmus and dysphagia; psychiatric disturbances from apathy and coma to some of all facets of delirium; cardiac arrhythmias including ventricular fibrillation and sudden death; hypocalcemia which is responsive only to Mg therapy; and hypokalemia which is not easily nor completely corrected without Mg therapy. The diversity of etiologies and the multiplicity of manifestations result in confusion and controversy. The documentation of normal renal function is absolutely necessary for maximum doses. The order of magnitude of dose is 1.0 meq Mg/kg on day 1, and 0.3 to 0.5 mEq/kg per day for 3 to 5 days. In emergencies such as convulsions or ventricular arrhythmias, a bolus injection of 1.0 gm (8.1 meq) of MgSO4 is indicated. Therapy of Mg deficiency in the presence of renal insufficiency requires smaller doses and frequent monitoring. Complete repletion occurs slowly. PMID- 7020348 TI - Exchangeable electrolytes in heart disease. AB - The results of measurements of body sodium, chloride and potassium by isotope dilution or whole body counting in patients with heart disease are reviewed. In patients with cardiac oedema exchangeable sodium and chloride are increased while body potassium tends to be decreased or normal. The findings in normonatraemic hypochloraemia, hypokalaemia and metabolic alkalosis, in diuretic hyponatraemia and in dilutional hyponatraemia are reviewed and their possible consequences in terms of changes in electrolyte gradients are discussed. The limitations and usefulness of measurements of exchangeable electrolytes in heart disease are mentioned. PMID- 7020349 TI - Hypokalemia--clinical spectrum and etiology. AB - This paper is intended to give a review of the etiology and symptoms of potassium deficiency in man, as an introduction to the section on potassium and cardiac arrhythmias of this symposium. A review is given of different conditions where hypokalemia and/or total potassium deficiency is or might be part of the clinical picture, such as conditions with insufficient dietary intake, gastrointestinal potassium losses (e.g. vomiting, fistulas, malabsorption, abuse of laxatives and diarrhea), and renal potassium losses (e.g. primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism, Cushing's syndrome, intake of licorice, diabetic coma, renal disease, diuretic treatment and l-dopa treatment). Common symptoms of hypokalemia and/or potassium deficiency are reviewed as well, such as general and unspecific symptoms (e.g. tiredness, lack of concentration, lack of appetite and vomiting), and symptoms from the heart, kidneys and skeletal muscle. PMID- 7020350 TI - The heart cell--electrophysiological aspects. AB - A short review is given of the ionic fluxes associated with the action potential in Purkinje fibres, and in sinus and AV-node, and of the influence of variations in the extracellular concentrations of K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ on basic electrophysiological parameters. Variations in serum potassium concentration often plays an important role in the genesis of arrhythmias by changing several electrophysiological parameters, whereas only extreme variations in the serum calcium level produce electrophysiological effects of clinical importance. Hypo- and hypernatremia within the ranges observed clinically most probably do not produce significant electrophysiological changes. Variations in extracellular magnesium concentration seem to have effects on electrophysiological parameters particularly when they occur simultaneously with changes in the concentrations of calcium and potassium. PMID- 7020351 TI - Guanosine polyphosphate production of Escherichia coli stringent and relaxed strains in the stationary phase of growth. AB - Stringent and relaxed Escherichia coli strains grown on minimal and on differently enriched media produced guanosine polyphosphates in the stationary phase of growth. On transition from the logarithmic to the stationary phase, stringent strains started to produce guanosine 5' triphosphate 3' diphosphate (pppGpp). and guanosine 5' diphosphate 3' diphosphate (ppGpp), while relaxes strains accumulated only ppGpp. When the stringent strain was cultivated on media enriched with Casamino Acids the leve of pppGpp decreased, while with yeast extract an almost twofold increase could be observed. The concentration of ppGpp increased with both nutrients as compared to that measured in minimal medium. Readdition of glucose to the stationary phase culture did not result in the slightest decrease of the nucleoside polyphosphate levels. In contrast, addition of a mixture of 20 L-amino acids or Casamino Acids or yeast extract to the medium caused an abrupt decrease in the guanosine polyphosphate levels. Qualitatively similar results were obtained with the relaxed strains except that the amounts of ppGpp were smaller than in the case of the stringent counterpart and the responses to the resupplementation were slower. Some possible mechanisms regarding the occurrence of guanosine polyphosphates in the stationary phase are discussed. PMID- 7020352 TI - Isolation of mycobacteria from contaminated material on selective media. AB - A procedure more efficient than the earlier ones was developed for the isolation of mycobacteria from heavily contaminated materials. The contaminating microbes were killed by acid decontamination preceded by an incubation of 1 g sample in 5 ml nutrient broth at 33 degrees C for 4 h. The efficiency of isolation was examined using culture media containing varying concentrations of dimetridazole and/or clotrimazole (Canesten Bayer). None of 40 mycobacterial strains representing all 4 Runyon groups was inhibited by 80 micrograms/ml of either of the inhibitors. From the sediment of acid-decontaminated samples, Lowenstein Jensen medium containing 10 micrograms/ml of both dimetridazole and clotrimazole as well as Petragnani medium with and without glycerol and Sula media were inoculated. Model experiments and processing of 44 routine samples have made likely that aerobic sporeformers on the one hand and fungi and anaerobes on the other are killed, or at least depressed in growth, by pre-incubation combined with the addition of clotrimazole and dimetridazole to the culture medium. Thus, the isolation rate of mycobacteria can be improved. PMID- 7020353 TI - Proticine typing of serologically defined Proteus strains. AB - Serologically defined Proteus strains including 120 P. vulgaris, 356 P. mirabilis, 47 P. morganii, 36 P. rettgeri and 66 P. inconstans cultures isolated from a wide variety of sources, were classified by proticine (bacteriocine) typing. Using Cradock-Watson's set of indicator and producer strains, the isolates were tested for proticine production (P type) and for proticine sensitivity (S type). P. vulgaris was typable by the P method in 4.1%, by the S method in 41.6%. The respective percentages for P. mirabilis were 60.1 and 48.9. Most strains of P. morganii, P. rettgeri and P. inconstans were untypable by both methods. A correlation has been demonstrated between P/S types and certain serogroups and serotypes of P. mirabilis. It has been concluded that, in combination with the determination of O and H antigens, the P/S method of proticine typing has a high differentiating value in the epidemiological tracing of P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis. PMID- 7020354 TI - Salmonella and shigella surveillance in Hungary, 1972-1976. II. Shigella surveillance. AB - Shigellae were isolated from 32 399 persons in the bacteriological laboratories of the Public Health Stations between 1972-1976. The number of isolations ranged between 5325 and 8237 yearly. As S. dysenteriae and S. boydii serotypes occurred only in about 1.5% of all isolations, the epidemiological situation was determined by the incidence of S. flexneri and S. sonnei. Except in 1973, S. sonnei constituted the majority in every year. S. sonnei predominance, observed first in the western regions of the country, showed a gradual eastward spread and became characteristic of all localities in 1975-1976. The July-September peak of shigella isolations was associated with S. sonnei, as S. flexneri was distributed practically evenly in every season. The incidence of shigella isolations per 100 000 inhabitants was the lowest in the middle and the highest in the northern parts of the country. Sporadic cases were somewhat more frequent than epidemic outbreaks. Shigellae were isolated in 64.1% from patients and in 35.9% from asymptomatic excreters. The patient : excreter ratio was higher for S. sonnei (70.2 : 29.8) than for S. flexneri (54.6 : 45.4). In the survey period, 14 692 isolations were made in the course of 3278 epidemics; out of these, 11 171 cases were involved in 574 extensive outbreaks. S. sonnei was responsible mainly for school and nursery outbreaks, whereas S. flexneri dysentery predominated in mental wards and in homes for the aged and for mentally retarded children. The prevalent types of S. flexneri were (serological/phage type): 2a/69, 3a/5, 3a/19, 4a/81, 4a/89d and 6/85. The prevalent epidemiological subunits of S. sonnei were (phage/colicin type): 2/0, 2/6, 2/12, 3/12, 6/0, 7/0, 65/0, 65/6 and 65/12. PMID- 7020355 TI - Cultivation of pathogenic Treponema pallidum in vitro. AB - Treponema pallidum was discovered relatively late and was not cultured in vitro. Both the delineation of T. pallidum biology and the eradication of syphilis suggest the necessity of cultivation in vitro. An attempt has been made with an improved medium to cultivate pathogenic T. pallidum Budapest strain in vitro. Only in the first passage, evidence of in vitro multiplication of T. pallidum has been established by (i) macroscopic observation, (ii) darkfield examination, (iii) electron microscopic examination, (iv) optical densities, (v) tritium labelled thymidine incorporation, and (vi) the pathogenicity off the cultured organisms was evidenced by rabbit challenge. Explanation of the oxygen utilization of T. pallidum suspension is discussed. Unidentified formations were observed on electron micrographs from the 96 h cultures. They may belong to the multiplication forms of treponemes. Further experiments are needed for their identification and for expansion of the multiplication of T. pallidum beyond the first passage. PMID- 7020356 TI - Surface immunoglobulins of tonsil lymphocytes. AB - Human tonsillar lymphocytes bound 14C-labelled homologous IgG, IgA, and IgM at 5 degrees C and released them at 35 degrees C. B cells were found to be more active in this type of Ig binding. The amount of lymphocytes which could be labelled with fluoresceinated anti-human Ig-s decreased during preincubation of the cells at 35 degrees C. Intrinsic Ig-s (determinants of lymphocytes) were demonstrated by immunofluorescent staining preceded by preincubation of the cells at 35 degrees C for 60 min. The ratios of IgG, IgA, and IgM bearing cells in the human tonsillar lymphocyte population were 16.0, 8.0 and 7.4% respectively. The weak binding of Ig-s to the surface of lymphocytes is discussed with regard to the demonstration of surface Ig determinants of lymphocytes. PMID- 7020358 TI - [Academia Espanola de Dermatologia y Sifiliografia. List of members]. PMID- 7020357 TI - Development of the skeleton in normal rats and in rats with trypan blue induced spina bifida. AB - In this study skeletal abnormalities in trypan blue induced axial dysraphic disorders were investigated and compared with the normal ontogenesis of the rat skeleton. The first appearance and developmental sequence of the cartilaginous and osseous structures in embryos and fetuses of normal dams were described and discussed in relation to the literature. Two main types of spina bifida were found in the offspring of trypan blue treated dams: open and occult spina bifida. Vertebral abnormalities in open spina bifida fetuses were most frequently present in the lower thoracic region and were always accompanied by rib malformations. In occult spina bifida on the contrary the abnormalities in the vertebral arches were mainly restricted to the sacral region. Both types of spina bifida were accompanied by hypoplastic tails. Apart from a delay in the onset and progress of ossification no other skeletal abnormalities were seen following trypan blue treatment. A human fetus with spina bifida was X-rayed and the vertebral abnormalities detected were very similar to those in rat fetuses. PMID- 7020359 TI - [Bullous pemphigoid. Presentation of a localized case with urticariform papulous lesions and a possible relation to visceral neoplasia]. PMID- 7020360 TI - [Acute neutrophilic dermatosis]. PMID- 7020361 TI - [Kaposi's disease in a renal transplant patient]. PMID- 7020362 TI - Inhibitory amino acids, aggressiveness, and convulsions. PMID- 7020363 TI - Glutamic acid in nervous tissue and changes of the taurine content: its implication in the treatment of epilepsy. AB - In order to account for interdependent changes in the steady state cerebral levels of glutamic acid, taurine and glutamine, two compartments are considered which are connected by an adjustable flow valve. The first compartment may be equated with neuronal structures and confines most of the steady state content of glutamic acid. The second compartment represents glia and contains most cerebral glutamine; taurine is sequestered by both anatomic compartments. The adjustable valve symbolises a combination of rate limited release, transport, and enzymic mechanisms responsible for connecting the glutamate containing structures with those sequestering glutamine. These compartments only represent a portion of the total intracerebral metabolism of glutamic acid (see 19). PMID- 7020364 TI - Heterocyclic GABA analogues as selective inhibitors of astroglial GABA uptake. PMID- 7020365 TI - The role of GABA in the basal ganglia and limbic system for behaviour. AB - Some years ago it was considered that GABA "the major inhibitory transmitter in the CNS" inhibited the activity of the dopamine systems. Today it is evident that the GABA-dopamine interaction is considerably more complex, and in several recent reviews we have discussed that a reevaluation of previous experiments is obviously needed to test whether GABA physiologically may directly inhibit dopamine neuronal activity (43, 45, 49, 50). In this communication will be discussed some of the behavioural functions of GABA studied by the local intracerebral injection technique in rats. We have recently obtained evidence that GABA in the striato-entopeduncular, striato-nigral and the pallido subthalamic descending GABAergic pathways is mediator of dopamine dependent behaviours related to dopamine receptor stimulation in striatum. The specific GABA agonist muscimol induced strong amphetamine-like stimulation and stereotyped behaviour in the nucleus entopeduncularis (EP) (the medial or inner segment of globus pallidus), the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the zona reticulata of substantia nigra (SNR) (49, 50). GABA receptor stimulation in EP, STN and SNR mediates according to this new hypothesis the efferent output of striatum (see Fig. 1). This hypothesis may explain the findings that the systemic injection of GABA-facilitating drugs increases the stereotyped licking/gnawing behaviour induced by high doses of dopamine stimulants in rodents (43, 46) and worsens schizophrenic symptoms in the clinic (5, 52). PMID- 7020366 TI - Amino acids and presynaptic inhibition. PMID- 7020367 TI - Actions of GABA on mammalian neurones, axons, and nerve terminals. PMID- 7020368 TI - properties and kinetics of L-glutamate decarboxylase. PMID- 7020369 TI - Enzymology of the alternative reductive pathway of GABA catabolism leading to the biosynthesis of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. PMID- 7020370 TI - Taurine metabolism and function. PMID- 7020371 TI - Sialadenosis of the salivary glands of the head. Studies on the physiology and pathophysiology of parotid secretion. AB - Sialadenosis is a noninflammatory disease of the salivary glands of the head. It is observed in connection with endocrine disorders, malnutrition and neurologic diseases. The parotid glands are predominantly affected by a parenchymatous swelling. Based on morphologic and biochemical investigations it can be assumed that disorders of the gland's acinar protein secretion are responsible for sialadenosis. Changes in secretory behavior are caused by either excessive stimulation ('stimulatory proteodyschylia') or by inhibition of secretion ('inhibitory proteodyschylia'). The origin of these secretory disorders is very likely to be found in the vegetative nerve system. The pathophysiology of sialadenosis can therefore only be understood after elucidation of the physiologic mechanisms of salivary gland secretion. Research in the field of biophysical and biochemical principles underlying parotid secretion has made considerable progress in recent years. A comprehensive review of this new evidence is necessary for the understanding of experimental studies on the pathogenesis of sialadenosis. PMID- 7020372 TI - Etiology and pathogenesis of the inflammatory diseases of the cephalic salivary glands. AB - The complexity of the inflammatory pathological processes in the salivary glands, especially in the parotid gland, requires subtle diagnostic techniques. A multitude of clinical, pathological and anatomical as well as laboratory investigation methods are now available. This permits to make a safe diagnosis in most cases. However, many questions concerning etiology and pathogenesis of the inflammatory diseases of the cephalic salivary glands remain unanswered. This impedes a specifically directed therapy with will have to be the aim of further clinical and theoretical research. PMID- 7020373 TI - Cytological diagnosis of sialadenosis, sialadenitis, and parotid cysts by fine needle aspiration biopsy. AB - This analysis permits the following conclusions: The value of punctate cytology consists in the possibility to verify the clinical diagnosis of a cyst by aspiration of fluid, and to make a preoperative assessment of the necessity of an operation and its type and extent, if proof of a benign or malignant tumor was obtained by microscopic examination. The diagnostic value of punctate cytology can be increased if after aspiration of cyst fluid also solid tissue components from the region of the cyst are included. Patients whose biopsy aspirates did not give evidence for the presence of a tumor should be reexamined 2-4 weeks later. Operative treatment will not be necessary if the follow-up examination reveals that the parotid swelling has subsided. Without this control investigation, recommended by Zajicek [80], morphological aspects always indicate an operation if tumor-negative biopsies cannot be etiologically classified even though clinical data were included in the diagnostic procedure. PMID- 7020374 TI - Biochemistry of human saliva. PMID- 7020375 TI - The histones. PMID- 7020376 TI - The anatomy and taxonomy of protein structure. PMID- 7020377 TI - The theory of pressure effects on enzymes. PMID- 7020380 TI - Identification of genera in the family of Enterobacteriaceae by a U-tube multitest method in food microbiology. PMID- 7020378 TI - Carrageenan: a review of its effects on the immune system. AB - Carrageenans (kappa, lambda and iota) are sulphated polysaccharides isolated from marine algae that can markedly suppress immune responses both in vivo and in vitro. Impairment of complement activity and humoral responses to T-dependent antigens, depression of cell-mediated immunity, prolongation of graft survival and potentiation of tumour growth by carrageenans have been reported. The mechanism responsible for carrageenan-induced immune suppression is believed to be its selective cytopathic effect on macrophages. This property of carrageenan has led to its adoption as a tool for analysing the role of these cells in the induction and expression of immune reactivity. Systemic administration of carrageenan may, however, induce disseminated intravascular coagulation and inflict damage on both the liver and kidney. This is an important consideration in the interpretation of the effects of carrageenan in vivo and precludes its use as a clinical immune suppressant. PMID- 7020381 TI - Isolation of an adenovirus from rabbits with diarrhoea. PMID- 7020379 TI - 3-(1-imidazolylmethyl) indoles: potent and selective inhibitors of human blood platelet thromboxane synthetase. AB - Several 3-(1-imidazolylmethyl) indoles were tested for inhibition of the microsomal enzymes which catalyse the biosynthesis of thromboxane A2, prostaglandin I2, and prostaglandin endoperoxides. These products were measured by bioassay to assess levels of enzyme activity. The highest activity against human blood platelet thromboxane A2-synthetase was obtained with 2-cyclopropyl 3(1-imidazolylmethyl) indole (IC50 1 x 10(-10) M). This compound also exhibited the highest activity against pig aorta prostaglandin I2-synthetase (IC50 8.4 x 10(-7) M). Of much more potential therapeutic interest, 2-isopropyl-3-(1 imidazolylmethyl) indole showed almost complete selectivity against thromboxane A2-synthetase. Both compounds exhibited IC50's of 2 x 10(-8) M against the latter enzyme but showed only weak effects (IC50's greater than 10(-4) M) against prostaglandin I2-synthetase and ram seminal vesicle PGH2-synthetase. PMID- 7020382 TI - LT antitoxin titres in three-week-old, E. coli-vaccinated pigs. PMID- 7020384 TI - Bacterial systems for mutagenicity testing. PMID- 7020383 TI - Adherence as a prerequisite for infection of the bovine mammary gland by bacteria. PMID- 7020385 TI - The use and limitations of laser nephelometry. AB - The quantitative determination of several proteins in serum and liquor received new impulses with Laser Nephelometry. The method is characterized by its speed, precision, accuracy, high sensitivity, good correlation when compared with radial immunodiffusion and the possibility of automatization. The detection of mycotic antigens and precipitating antibodies against organic dusts and against DNS and the detection of immune complexes show the flexibility of the new method. PMID- 7020386 TI - Specific bacterial immunotherapy in chronic colitis. AB - Three hundred and fifteen patients with chronic nonulcerative colitis were studied. Two hundred patients were given specific immunotherapy by bacterial allergens, and 115 formed the control group. Immunotherapy was carried out with increasing doses of bacterial allergens - E Coli, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus or Proteus - for 1-2 years. The effectiveness of immunotherapy was established toward the end of the course of treatment (as well as over a long period). The improvement was expressed clinically as a decrease in the endoscopic and coprologic signs of inflammation, an increase in natural immunologic resistance and a reduction of bacterial allergy and autoimmune disorders. PMID- 7020387 TI - The right to heritage: the teaching of deaf history. PMID- 7020388 TI - Complications of fiber implantation for baldness. AB - Several methods of fiber implantation have been used to reduce pattern baldness, and similar results have been reported: fiber breakage, foreign-body reaction, infection and scarring. Since one method or another tends to predominate in different geographic areas, the physician often is unable to compare the results of the various methods. The two patients described in this article underwent different methods of fiber implantation; serious complications occurred in both. Fiber implantation is an unsafe technique and must be discouraged. PMID- 7020390 TI - Legionnaires' disease: an update. AB - Legionella pneumophila is transmitted by aerosolization of water or dust from soil. There are six serotypes and four newly recognized related organisms. Sporadic cased of Legionnaires; disease are more common than epidemic case and are less likely to be suspected . Most reporters cases are characterized by severe pneumonia. Bacteriologic culture is the preferred method of diagnosis, but most cases are identified by the indirect fluorescent antibody method. Erythromycin is the drug of choice. PMID- 7020389 TI - Etiology of cervical lymphadenitis in children. AB - Thirty children under 17 years of age with cervical lymphadenopathy were evaluated. Lymphadenitis was attributed to Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci in 10 of the patients (33 percent), to Staphylococcus aureus in four and to infectious mononucleosis in four. Two patients had both infectious mononucleosis in Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. One child was affected with Acinetobacter with calcoaceticus (mima) and another with mycobacteria. In eight children (27 percent), no etiologic agent could be found. PMID- 7020391 TI - New technique induces bone growth. PMID- 7020392 TI - Sir James Mackenzie and family medicine. PMID- 7020393 TI - Pemphigus and pemphigoid. AB - Both pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid are chronic, blistering, cutaneous diseases. Pemphigus vulgaris is characterized by fragile, flaccid bullae and erosions on the mucous membranes and skin. Corticosteroid therapy is necessary to prevent the high mortality. In bullous pemphigoid, tense bullae develop on the skin but not on the mucous membranes. The disease usually follows a benign course. In both disorders, the diagnosis is established by skin biopsies and direct and indirect immunofluorescence. PMID- 7020394 TI - Reconstruction of a nasal defect. PMID- 7020395 TI - Malaria in children. AB - The incidence of malaria in the United States has tripled during the past decade. A high index of suspicion for this diagnosis is warranted in travelers, visitors and refugees who have persistent fever. The possibility of malaria in children among these groups should not be overlooked. A common cause of malaria in travelers returning to the United States from endemic areas is failure to complete the appropriate course of chemoprophylaxis. Except in Plasmodium falciparum infections, treatment should include both chloroquine and primaquine to curb relapse. PMID- 7020396 TI - Recent advances in the pathogenesis of hypertension: consideration of structural, functional, and metabolic vascular abnormalities resulting in elevated arterial resistance. PMID- 7020397 TI - The protein-sparing action of protein feeding: absence of relationship to insulin secretion. AB - The influence of a 2-day fast was compared with that of a modified fast (1.5 g beef protein hydrolysate per kg body wt) on nitrogen metabolism and insulin secretion in three normal young men. During the fast urinary urea excretion indicated a negative nitrogen balance of 10 to 12 g daily in each subjects. With protein feeding nitrogen equilibrium was approached in each instance. Insulin secretion as indicated by the urinary excretion of C-peptide dropped profoundly with fasting to levels which averaged just 13 to 22% of the control base-lines and remained at about these levels during the protein feeding. The fact that this sensitive indicator of insulin secretion disclosed no significant difference during fasting and protein feeding provides strong evidence that the protein sparing influence of protein feeding cannot be ascribed to the decline in insulin secretion. PMID- 7020398 TI - Electrolyte metabolism in rhesus monkeys with experimental salmonella sepsis. AB - Prior investigations in the human indicate that alterations occur in electrolyte balance and serum concentration during infectious diseases. In order to explore these alterations in greater detail, electrolyte metabolism has been investigated in rhesus monkeys with a sublethal illness induced by intravenous inoculation with Salmonella typhimurium. The response to this illness was evaluated by a variety of measurements including serum and muscle electrolyte composition and renal function studies. In the animals with ad libitum dietary intake, a loss in muscle and serum potassium concentrations was evident within 24 h after inoculation. This was reflected in increased urinary potassium losses during the febrile phase of illness. Serum and muscle K concentrations returned to normal after 5 days of illness. Sodium and water content of muscle responded to infection in a more complex pattern. During the febrile phase, muscle sodium and water increased and sodium concentrations in serum and urine were elevated. During convalescence, renal retention of sodium was marked and overlapped the period of weight loss and the increased urine volume. This asynchrony in recovery of normal renal function appeared to be the cause of relatively large swings in plasma sodium concentrations during the early convalescent period. These investigations indicate that the altered serum concentrations in infectious diseases are the sum of renal and extrarenal factors controlling electrolyte metabolism, and that some of the most remarkable alterations occur during early convalescence as renal function returns to normal. PMID- 7020399 TI - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in neoplastic and nonneoplastic hematopoietic cells. AB - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity was investigated by enzyme assay and (or) an indirect immunofluorescence method with specimens from 151 patients who had a variety of neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions: leukemia, 62; non Hodgkin's lymphoma, 36; Hodgkin's disease, seven; lymph nodes without neoplasms, 21; normal peripheral blood, 15; normal bone marrow, ten. Immunologic studies were done on samples from 82 of these patients. Increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity was found by both methods in patients who had acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia and by the immunofluorescence method in patients who had lymphoblastic lymphoma. A single patient with acute monoblastic leukemia was found by both technics to have increased enzyme activity. Three B-cell proliferations were positive by the enzyme assay; none was positive with the immunofluorescence method. In the remaining 42 B-cell proliferations, the levels of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity were found to be normal by both the enzyme assay and the immunofluorescence method. Cytoplasmic positivity was observed in as much as 10% of the cells in 13 specimens that were otherwise negative and in eight samples in association with nuclear positivity. A comparison of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in microunits/mg protein (enzyme assay) with the percentage of positive cells (immunofluorescence method) yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.62 (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7020400 TI - Pseudo-sulfur granules associated with intrauterine contraceptive devices. AB - A structure resembling a sulfur granule found in histologic sections of endometrium from patients with intrauterine contraceptive devices is described. It is distinguished from a true sulfur granule on morphologic grounds and is further characterized as a foreign substance, most probably fragments of the synthetic contraceptive device. It is not associated with clinical disease. Microbiologic cultures of removed intrauterine contraceptive devices show no consistent or predominant growth pattern. PMID- 7020401 TI - A comparison of conventional and Minitek systems for biotyping Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Two hundred pediatric isolates of Haemophilus influenzae from various sources were biotyped using the media described by Kilian in parallel with the Minitek system. There was an excellent correlation (97.7%) between the two systems. Ninety-five per cent of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) isolates were biotype I. Biotypes II and III were most frequent among isolates from sources other than blood and CSF. Production of beta-lactamase was limited to biotype II in the blood and CSF isolates, but was fairly evenly distributed among the biotypes from other sources. The Minitek system is an acceptable alternative to conventional media for biotyping H. influenzae. PMID- 7020402 TI - Terminal transferase in acute lymphoblast leukemia in remission. AB - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is a marker for the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. To determine its value as an indicator of bone marrow remission or impending relapse, serial remission marrows (less than 5% blasts) from 49 patients who had acute lymphoblastic leukemia were examined for TdT by immunofluorescence over the period of a year. Thirty-eight patients (78%) had less than 1% TdT-positive cells. Eleven patients (22%) had slightly elevated levels of TdT (2%-7%) at some time during the study. of these eleven, only two had relapses; however, neither patient had greater than 1% TdT-positive cells within the three months before the relapse. Therefore, it appears that the presence of slightly increased numbers of TdT-positive cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia remission bone marrows (2%-7%) does not denote impending relapse. In addition, most of the patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission had less than 1% TdT-positive cells. PMID- 7020403 TI - Relative values of laboratory assays in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The sensitivities and the specificities of Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence, (CL-IF), counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as aids to the clinical diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were compared to determine which was the single most useful test in the management of this disease. The patients who had SLE were further divided into those with active or inactive disease and those with and without nephritis in an attempt to determine whether any of these tests could reliably differentiate these groups. Results obtained by these tests, together with those of a nonspecific antinuclear antibody assay used as a screening test, were compared with results for other autoimmune diseases. Although the ELISA was more often positive than CIE and CL-IF in cases of SLE, CL-IF had the highest specificity for SLE, giving no positives in any of the other autoimmune diseases examined. None of the tests satisfactorily differentiated active from inactive SLE or consistently detected the presence or absence of nephritis in SLE. PMID- 7020404 TI - Monoclonal evolution of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. AB - A patient with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy diagnosed on initial lymph node biopsy was found on rebiopsy two months later to have immunoblastic lymphoma as well. At presentation she had polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia with polyclonal (kappa and lambda light chains) immunoblasts demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase stain. During the course of her illness, a monoclonal IgM kappa gammaglobulinemia developed, accompanied by monoclonal (kappa light chains only) immunoblasts demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase method. These findings were unique in that lymphomatous transformation and clinical deterioration are shown to be accompanied by a monoclonal evolution of immunoblasts. This constitutes further evidence for the heterogeneous nature of patients who have angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and the malignant potential of this disease. PMID- 7020405 TI - Ward Burdick Award Lecture: Laboratory Medicine in the United States--the dream and the reality. PMID- 7020406 TI - Normal neutrophil function in human renal allograft recipients receiving Minnesota anti-lymphoblast globulin (MAG). AB - Equine anti-human lymphoblast globulin (MAG) used in combination with other immunosuppressive agents did not impair chemotaxis, phagocytosis, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction or halogenation by peripheral blood neutrophils (PMN) from seven human recipients of cadaver renal allografts. MAG was given to the allograft recipients following transplantation, and the dosage was determined each day by quantitation of peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes. No deposition of immunoglobulin or complement on the recipient's PMN was detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Chemotaxis of PMN was determined in blind-well chambers, and phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan was quantitated by spectrophotometric measurement of solubilized formazan, and halogenation was measured by quantitating the incorporation of 125I into PMN that had phagocytosed opsonized zymosan. Chemotaxis, phagocytosis, NBT reduction, and halogenation by neutrophils from patients receiving MAG, prednisone and azathioprine were not impaired. PMID- 7020407 TI - Coordinated computer reporting of clinical microbiology data. AB - The importance of the incorporation of microbiology information into the laboratory cumulative report implies that continuing efforts need to be made to enhance the readability and style of such reports. In addition, the optimizing of laboratory work flow around a computer record-keeping system in microbiology is essential to guarantee technologist satisfaction with and usage of the system. The efforts and results of extending a commercially available system in the microbiology laboratory are discussed and compared with another approach using the same system base. The project led to smooth laboratory work flow and highly successful combined reports. Necessary software modifications are summarized. PMID- 7020408 TI - Microcomputer reporting and information system for microbiology. AB - A computerized reporting and information system for microbiology employing a relatively inexpensive microcomputer is described. A comprehensive approach to accessioning and result entry for microbiology is presented. A daily laboratory worklist is generated for each work area, providing the responsible technologist with information on previously processed specimens. Manipulation of patient and specimen information permits the performance of various functions, including the generation of billing reports, workload statistics, quality-control summaries, epidemiologic surveys, and cumulative reports. The employment of many user definable data lexicons allows optimal use of disk space while affording rapid information retrieval. Data file maintenance is automatically accomplished by the system, requiring no user intervention. PMID- 7020409 TI - Evaluation of a direct fluorescent antibody staining method for rapid identification of members of the bacteroides fragilis group. AB - A direct fluorescent antibody test kit (Fluorotec-F, Pfizer Inc., New York, New York) designed for rapid identification of members of the Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) was evaluated. Tested were 228 clinical specimens (144 direct smears of clinical material, 14 smears of positive blood cultures, and 70 smears of colonies isolated from clinical material) and 49 reference strains of anaerobic bacteria, including 23 members of the BFG. Fluorotec-F detected 68 of 69 (98.5%) members of the BFG, including 55 B. fragilis, 12 B. thetaiotaomicron, and two B. ovatus, identified by cultural methods in all clinical specimens. Three specimens that yielded B. uniformis also fluoresced. Three specimens fluoresced but failed to yield members of the BFG or B. uniformis on culture. Of the 49 reference strains tested, all strains of B. fragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron, nd B. uniformis tested were detected by Fluorotec-F, but only five of a total of 14B. vulgatus, B. distasonis, and B. ovatus tested fluoresced. Of the 25 reference strains of anaerobic bacteria not belonging to the BFG, none fluoresced except for two strains of B. eggerthii. Direct fluorescent antibody staining of smears of clinical specimens suitable for anaerobic culture is a valuable tool for rapid detection of B. fragilis infections. PMID- 7020410 TI - Diagnosis of carcinoid-like metastatic prostatic carcinoma by an immunoperoxidase method. AB - An unusual case of carcinoma of the prostate with metastases is described. the prostate and the metastases showed adenocarcinoma with carcinoid-like areas. A tumor with the same histologic features was found at the tip of the appendix and proved to be metastatic. The possibility of primary carcinoid of the prostate was considered; however, Fontana-Masson stain and electron microscopy failed to confirm this. Immunoperoxidase stain for prostatic acid phosphatase was done on the prostate and metastases. This stain is specific for tissues of prostatic origin. The stain was positive in the carcinoid-like areas, indicating that it was not a true carcinoid but rather prostatic carcinoma with a carcinoid-like pattern. Apparently, this is the first case of a metastatic prostatic carcinoma showing carcinoid-like areas that were positive for prostatic acid phosphatase. PMID- 7020411 TI - A national survey of Alcoholism Treatment Centers in the United States--a preliminary report. AB - This report presents the preliminary results of a national survey of Alcoholism Treatment Centers (ATCs). The data were collected through mail-return questionnaires. The sample was selected from a very comprehensive current listing of facilities known to treat alcoholic patients, which was provided by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The completion rate was high, with about 75% of all eligible ATCs responding. This report presents data on 396 ATCs which returned the questionnaire. These data indicated that ATCs were fairly active, with each treating and/or referring about 818 patients on the average per year. The facilities employed a broad range of treatment regimens, but the services of AA were quite widespread. As expected, the most common full-time treatment personnel were alcohol counselors. There was only 1 full-time psychiatrist for every three ATCs. The demographic profile of patients at these ATCs matched the known profile of ATC patients, which reinforces the validity of the obtained sample. Additional data were presented on the source of patient referrals to ATCs. These data revealed that the most common source of patient referrals were criminal justice agencies (22.5%), closely followed by self referrals (21.9%). In addition, specific types of referrals were associated with patients from different demographic backgrounds. PMID- 7020412 TI - Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase immunofluorescence on bone marrow smears: serial studies on 28 patients. AB - Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase (TdT) activity determinations, using the indirect immunofluorescence technique, were performed on 28 consecutive leukemia patients. Fifteen patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia had 38 bone marrow smears examined. TdT-positive cells were a good indicator of disease activity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in that numbers were increased at the time of diagnosis, normal during remission, and increased during relapse. Ten patients with acute myeloid leukemias had 42 smears studied. The number of TdT-positive cells did not reflect the activity of the disease, except for two patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia in which TdT-positive cells were mildly increased during relapse. Three patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia had eight smears studied. The number of positive cells seemed meaningful only in following the course of lymphoid blast crisis. It would therefore appear that TdT determinations seem to be of value in lymphoblastic leukemia, but of limited value in myeloid leukemias. PMID- 7020413 TI - Antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacology, adverse effects, and therapeutic use of amikacin sulfate. AB - The antibiotic spectrum, pharmacology, adverse effects, and therapeutic use of amikacin sulfate are reviewed. Amikacin, a semisynthetic analog of kanamycin, is highly active against most gram-negative bacteria including many gentamicin resistant strains. Amikacin's pharmacologic properties have been studied extensively in both children and adults. It achieves high, predictable, and prolonged blood concentrations with a favorable therapeutic index. Amikacin does cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity; however there is no conclusive evidence that these toxicities differ from those caused by other major aminoglycosides. The effectiveness of amikacin sulfate in the treatment of serious gram-negative bacillary infections is well documented. Amikacin sulfate is an important addition to the antibiotic armamentarium of a hospital with high gentamicin or tobramycin resistance. In hospitals without substantial aminoglycoside resistance, its use is debatable because amikacin has not been shown to have increased clinical efficacy compared with the other aminoglycosides for infections caused by susceptible bacteria. PMID- 7020414 TI - Photochemotherapy of psoriasis with methoxsalen and longwave ultraviolet light (PUVA). AB - The effectiveness of methoxsalen and ultraviolet light (PUVA) in treating is reviewed. The use of this therapy, its mechanism of action, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions, dosage, and comparison with other forms of therapy, are discussed. Administered orally, methoxsalen in combination with long range ultraviolet light (UVA) is effective in treating patients with moderate to severe forms of psoriasis. Although the short-term risks associated with PUVA therapy are minimal, the long-term risks of oncogenicity have not been evaluated thoroughly. Common adverse reactions to methoxsalen and UVA are nausea, pruritus, and erythema, but usually they can be managed by minor modifications in the treatment regimen. Methoxsalen and UVA therapy should be reserved for patients with moderate to severe forms of psoriasis that do not respond to other forms of therapy until the long-term risks of oncogenicity are evaluated. PMID- 7020415 TI - Insulin adsorption to polyolefin infusion bottles and polyvinyl chloride administration sets. AB - The availability of various dosages of insulin from a new collapsible polyolefin bottle fitted with a conventional polyvinyl chloride administration set was studied. Intravenous solutions containing various dosages of insulin (20, 40, 70, and 100 units), to which 125I-labeled insulin was added, were prepared. Solutions were mixed and delivered at a maintained flow rate of 125 ml/hour. Effluents were collected at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes and then at hourly intervals up to seven hours. One-milliliter samples were drawn from the end of the administration set at the end of each interval, and the level of radioactivity in the sample was measured. Greater percentages of binding occurred at the lower levels of insulin added. Saturation limits of 7.8, 2.7, and 5.4 units were found for the system, administration set, and bottle, respectively. Adsorption values for this bottle were less than that found in another study for polyvinyl chloride. PMID- 7020416 TI - Listeria and gram-negative bacillary meningitis in New York City, 1972-1979. Frequent causes of meningitis in adults. AB - In an eight year period (1972-1979), 158 cases of enteric gram-negative bacillary meningitis and 53 cases of Listeria meningitis were reported to the New York City Health Department. These two forms of bacterial meningitis were the fourth and fifth most common ones reported to the Department, respectively. The cumulative total of reported cases of gram-negative rod meningitis over this less than the reported cases due to Neisseria meningitis over this period. In contrast to most previous studies of Listeria and enteric gram-negative meningitides, the majority of cases occurred in adults. Listeria meningitis occurred more often in immunosuppressed hosts and the elderly than in the newborn; gram-negative bacillary meningitides were seen more often in elderly septic patients and in patients with traumatic skull fracture than in infants during the first months of life. The over-all mortality of Listeria meningitis was 62 percent; that of the combined gram-negative meningitides 71.3 percent. The mortality in adults with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella meningitis who were treated with chloramphenicol as the major antibiotic was 83 percent. In comparison, the only appreciable survival rates noted were in those with Listeria, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Salmonella meningitis who were treated with ampicillin alone in whom the over-all mortality was 51 percent. PMID- 7020417 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma complicating corticosteroid therapy for temporal arteritis. AB - Combination immunosuppressive therapy, particularly in renal transplant recipients, is associated with a higher than expected risk of development of Kaposi's sarcoma, In this report, cutaneous dissemination of Kaposi's sarcoma occurred in a patient with temporal arteritis who was treated with corticosteroids. Reduction of the steroid dosage was followed by regression of the tumor. This sequence of events suggests a causal relationship between the evolution of the sarcoma and corticosteroid therapy. Although Kaposi's sarcoma may complicate corticosteroid therapy alone, the incidence is considerably lower than in renal transplant recipients receiving combination immunosuppressive therapy. Considering the large number of patients with temporal arteritis who are treated with steroids and that this is the first report of its association with Kaposi's sarcoma, it seems that other factors, perhaps genetic, might be important in the development of this neoplasm. PMID- 7020418 TI - Organ transplantation: skin transplantation. PMID- 7020419 TI - Placental transfer of methylprednisolone following maternal intravenous administration. AB - Seven normal patients in labor at term were given 125 mg of methylprednisolone hemisuccinate intravenously shortly before delivery. Analysis of maternal and cord plasma samples indicated that both the hemisuccinate and free alcohol forms of the corticosteroid were transported in pharmacologic levels to the fetal compartment. Since methylprednisolone may have less of an infection-potentiating effect than other commonly used corticosteroids, use of it as a stimulator of fetal lung surfactant deserves further investigation. PMID- 7020420 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy. XVII. Diurnal profiles of plasma glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, and individual amino acids in late normal pregnancy. AB - Diurnal profiles have been constructed for glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides, cholesterol, and ten neutral amino acids in subjects with normal carbohydrate metabolism during late pregnancy and in age- and weight-matched nongravid women. Samples of blood were secured during a 24 hour period while the subjects were receiving a liquid formula diet (containing 2,110 kcal with 275 gm carbohydrate and 75 gm protein) in three equal feedings at 0800, 1300, and 1800 hours. Postprandial excursions for most nutrients, as well as plasma concentrations after overnight fast and before each meal, were significantly different in the pregnant subjects. The studies indicate that criteria of normalcy based on observations in nongravid women cannot be invoked assess fuel homeostasis in late pregnancy, and that separate criteria are necessary to evaluate nutrient regulation at this time. PMID- 7020421 TI - Clinical evaluation of injectable biodegradable contraceptive system. AB - A new long-acting injectable contraceptive system was tested in 24 women. The system consists of microspheres made of biodegradable d,l-polylactic acid in which micronized crystals of norethisterone (NET) are homogeneously dispersed. In previous animal studies we showed that NET is slowly released from the microspheres for 6 months, and after the drug is released, the microspheres biodegrade into lactic acid by the process of hydrolysis. The serum levels of NET, estrogen, and progesterone were monitored by radioimmunoassay, and the effects of treatment on ovarian function and menstrual bleeding were evaluated. The doses ranged from 29 to 370 mg of microspheres containing 7.25 to 94.5 mg of NET or 0.134 to 2.30 mg of NET/kg of body weight. The duration of the NET release was 6 months, and the serum NET profiles in women were similar to those previously described in subhuman primates. Following a small burst, there was a gradual decline in the serum levels of NET over 6 months after treatment. The serum levels of NET varied in proportion to the dose. Doses less than 0.267 mg of NET/kg had no discernible effect on either ovarian function or menstrual bleeding. Doses ranging from 0.419 to 2.30 mg had variable effects on ovarian function and menstrual bleeding. Higher doses caused suppression of ovarian function for longer periods of time, increased the interval between episodes of menstrual bleeding, and decreased the quantity of blood loss during each episode. The treatment was well tolerated by all subjects, and, with the exception of spotting and irregular menstrual cycles, there were no adverse side effects. Based on this initial study, it was determined that doses ranging from 1.33 to 3.45 mg of NET/kg are necessary to suppress ovulation for 6 months. Additional studies with the use of higher doses are currently under way. PMID- 7020422 TI - Jules Stein, M.D. 1896-1981. PMID- 7020423 TI - In vitro studies on susceptibility of enamel to caries attack after orthodontic bonding procedures. AB - Oral hygiene plays an important role in the prevention of caries. Therefore, when one is investigating the possible effects of acid etching on caries susceptibility, oral hygiene aspects and the supplementation of fluoride have to be considered. The objective of this investigation was to study the caries susceptibility of etched enamel surfaces in vitro. To simulate the in vivo situation, much attention was given to the influence of remineralization of saliva and fluorides. It was shown that etching and subsequently fluoridating and remineralization increases resistance of enamel against a caries attack. PMID- 7020424 TI - Loss of surface enamel after acid etching procedures and its relation to fluoride content. AB - The etching of an enamel surface with a strong acid causes loss of surface contour together with a roughening of the enamel, which is necessary for proper adhesion of the bonding agent. It is known that the fluoride concentration plays an important role in the reduction of enamel solubility. The objective of this investigation was to measure the bulk enamel loss because of acid etching with phosphoric acid, with special emphasis on the fluoride content of tooth enamel. It was shown that fluoridated enamel has a high acid-resistant layer 2 to 4 microns in thickness. In some teeth the enamel is locally so resistant that, even after a 3-minute etching period, practically no material is removed. Since considerable amounts of topically applied fluoride ions are known to leak out, it is advisable to omit fluoride application shortly prior to the bonding procedure. PMID- 7020425 TI - Dirofilaria immitis. 5. Immunopathology of filarial nephropathy in dogs. AB - Fourteen beagles infected with larvae (microfilariae) of Dirofilaria immitis, were randomly selected from another study in which the toxic effects of subfilaricidal doses of diethylcarbamazine were being evaluated. This group of 14 dogs, together with 4 uninfected control animals, were variably sacrificed between 14 and 25 months after larval inoculations, and the ensuing renal lesions were studied by light and ultrastructural microscopy and by immunofluorescence and antibody elution techniques. On the basis of these studies, two groups of animals were distinguished. The first group was characterized by a striking pattern of linear fluorescence and fine ultrastructural dense deposits along the glomerular basement membrane, poor antibody response, and an inability to clear microfilariae from the tissues and circulation. The second group, with a nonlinear pattern of fluorescence, was characterized by a strong immune response, efficient elimination of microfilariae, and immunofluorescence and ultrastructural evidence of predominantly mesangiopathic immune complex renal disease. In both groups, elution studies demonstrated tissue deposits of antiworm antibodies, suggesting a filaria-antibody immune-complex nephropathy. No evidence was found for the presence of anti-basement-membrane antibodies. On the basis of a previous experimental model, it is postulated that in the first group of animals with linear fluorescence, the observed lesions may represent a natural form of an immunopathogenic mechanism of glomerular damage in which filarial antigen becomes uniformly localized in the glomerulus and elicits an autologous antibody response. The possible role of the drug diethylcarbamazine in inducing this mechanism of immune injury is discussed. PMID- 7020426 TI - Immunocytochemical studies of neurofibrillary tangles. AB - The molecular nature of neurofibrillary tangles of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) was studied by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques. Five antiserums, including anti-humanbrain-2-cycle-purified microtubule-fractions (2 x MT), anti-calf-brain-2 x MT, anti-sea-urchin-egg tubulin, antibeef-brain-tubulin, and anti-human-brain-neurofilament(NF)-210 kilodalton(kd)-protein were tested for their binding to neurofibrillary tangles. The antihuman-2 x MT serum stained structures resembling neurofibrillary tangles, neurites of neuritic plaques, and microglialike cells in SDAT brains, but no such staining pattern was detected in normal brain sections. In neurons isolated from SDAT brains, about 40% of the tangles were labeled by the anti-human-2xMT serum with an identical pattern. Other antiserums tested did not preferentially bind tanglelike structures in tissue sections and bound to less than 5% of the tangles in isolated neurons. These results suggest that the antigenic sites of tubulin and NF proteins are not shared by neurofibrillary tangles. Different from the calf preparation, the human-2 x MT fractions contained a prominent protein band that was identical to ferritin in molecular weight and cross-reacted with anti human-2 x MT and anti-human-ferritin serums. However, antiserums to this ferritinlike protein, or anti-ferritin, did not stain neurofibrillary tangles. Although neither the calf 2 x MT nor two other human MT fractions failed to elicit an antiserum that stained tangles, these fractions were able to remove the antihuman-2 x MT serum activity that binds to tangles. The data suggest that the protein (or proteins) that makes up neurofibrillary tangles of SDAT is present in various quantities in microtubule fractions of normal brain. PMID- 7020427 TI - Presentation of the Gold Headed Cane to Kenneth M. Brinkhous. PMID- 7020428 TI - The growth of primary glomerular cells as a confluent monolayer in a chemically defined serum-free medium: specific requirements for prostaglandins and extracellular matrix molecules. AB - Glomerular cells grown in a defined medium consisting of Waymouth's MB 752/1 plus insulin, transferrin, sodium pyruvate, and nonessential amino acids were shown to require prostaglandin E1 and either fibronectin, laminin, of heparan sulfate to form a confluent monolayer. Under these conditions cells did not grow on type IV collagen. Dibutyryladenosine-3,5-cyclic monophosphoric acid decreased the time needed for the cells to reach confluency. The results suggest a requirement for extracellular matrix molecules for growth of glomerular cells in defined medium, probably a requirement of adhesive molecules for cell attachment. The role of prostaglandins is less clear, but prostaglandin appears to be necessary for cell division. Since the cells growing in defined medium containing prostaglandin E1 and extracellular matrix molecules are epithelial in morphology, we suggest they may represent the stem cell precursors of either glomerular visceral or parietal epithelial cells, or both. The growth of glomerular cells in medium containing prostaglandins and extracellular matrix molecules is completely inhibited by sodium butyrate. Immunofluorescent studies show that the majority of cells show only faint staining for fibronectin along peripheral cell membranes; this result is in contrast to the bright stippled perinuclear pattern seen in cells grown in calf serum. The results are discussed in terms of the pathogenesis of glomerular lesions involving epithelial cells (eg. crescents). PMID- 7020429 TI - A new decade of surgery for vertigo. AB - Surgery for vertigo exemplifies the importance of an old adage: select the right procedure for the right patient at the right time. Preoperative assessment must be thorough. The diagnosis must be accurate. The operation must be therapeutically the most effective and technically the least difficult. the timing of the operation must be ideal after intensive medical management has failed to control the disease. When established guidelines area followed, the results usually are very acceptable and the risks are minimal. PMID- 7020431 TI - Crown dimensions of deciduous teeth from prehistoric India. AB - Mean mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters are presented for deciduous teeth from the important. Chalcolithic site of Inamgaon (1400-700 B.C), a prehistoric farming community on the Deccan Plateau of western India. The deciduous teeth from Inamgaon are consistently larger than deciduous teeth of modern populations of European descent and smaller than the deciduous teeth of modern Australian aboriginals. Comparative data for prehistoric deciduous teeth are rare, especially for populations of southern Asia. The deciduous teeth of Mesolithic Europeans are comparable in size to certain dimensions of the Inamgaon teeth, and a small sample of deciduous teeth from the Iron Age site of Pomparippu (Sri Lanka) exhibits larger anterior teeth and smaller molar teeth than does the sample from Inamgaon. PMID- 7020430 TI - Computed tomography in paleopathology: technique and case study. AB - With the development of computed tomography, soft tissues and foreign body collections are distinguished with remarkable resolution. This distinction is particularly useful when examining desiccated human remains, both in construction of research strategies and when invasive procedure (i.e., traditional autopsies, needle biopsies, etc.) are not possible. Though the organs differ markedly from living tissue, it is possible to distinguish major organs with some certainty. One case study exhibited three separate pathological conditions which were not demonstrated with traditional radiological procedures. PMID- 7020432 TI - General hospital psychiatry: overview from a sociological perspective. AB - The role of the general hospital within the psychiatric service delivery network has undergone profound changes in recent years. Current issues in general hospital psychiatry revolve around questions concerning boundaries, target populations, appropriate services, structural characteristics, and deinstitutionalization. Decisions in general hospital psychiatry derive from a series of influences that originate at varing distances from day-to-day hospital operations. Planning should ideally be filtered through the hospital's internal decision-making process in order to ensure a "bottom-up" rather than a "top-down" emphasis in service policy. PMID- 7020433 TI - Holistic-medical foundations of American psychiatry: a bicentennial. AB - American psychiatry has reached its bicentennial. Holistic-medical foundations have been its hallmark, inspiration, and source of preeminence. Incorporated by psychobiology, the American school, they enabled the growth of psychiatry as a medical specialty and scientific discipline and stimulated unparalleled growth of general hospital psychiatry, psychiatric research and teaching, and psychosomatic medicine and liaison psychiatry. Holistic conceptions, a product of a democratic system and the liberal mind, continue to provide the best framework for psychiatry and an antidote to dogma and fanaticism. PMID- 7020434 TI - Double-blind trial of 2-dimethylaminoethanol in Alzheimer's disease. AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 2-dimethylaminoethanol was undertaken in 27 patients with moderately severe or severe Alzheimer's disease. Of 13 patients in the drug group, 6 were withdrawn in the first 5 weeks of the trial because of side effects, which included drowsiness and retardation, with an increase of confusion and mild elevation of blood pressure. No significant benefit appeared from the drug treatment. PMID- 7020435 TI - Hitler's encephalitis? PMID- 7020436 TI - Donald G. Langsley, M.D. One Hundred and Ninth President, 1980--1981. PMID- 7020437 TI - Leo Kanner, M.D. 1894--1981. PMID- 7020440 TI - Margaret Sanger labeled 'racist'. PMID- 7020439 TI - Psychotherapeutic treatment of opiate addiction. AB - A challenge in the treatment of opiate addicts is submitted by the limited available research data and the shrinking financial resources. In response to this challenge, therapists must increase the specificity and efficiency of their interactions with patients. A model which specifies targets of treatment was outlined. It is recognized that methadone maintenance treatment programs alone cannot possibly precipitate the necessary psychological and social changes. Yet, a complementary psychotherapy treatment model has not been endorsed and, therefore, outcome research on potentially efficacious therapeutic strategies has been almost nonexistent. In order to evaluate the usefulness of various modalities, the techniques must be clearly defined and focused on producing changes in the specific problem areas of narcotics abuse. Using an empirical model which includes the specification of the goals of psychotherapeutic involvement, patient and therapist can both clearly understand the treatment contract. It is hoped that they will focus their efforts on obtaining one appropriate and realistic goal after another in a logical sequence with defined priorities. Only in this way can we ascertain which "different (counseling) strokes" are useful for which "different folks". PMID- 7020438 TI - Treatment of sleepwalking: a controlled study. AB - A single-blind, rater-blind, modified crossover design was used to evaluate a simple, practical method of clinical treatment of sleepwalking. Subjects who had severe somnambulism, but were otherwise free of psychiatric illness, responded well to six brief sessions of specialized hypnotherapy. Follow-up at one year has revealed lasting improvement of both subjective and objective symptoms. A brief review of the subject of sleepwalking, as well as detailed information concerning histories of sleep symptoms and emotional problems in these and other sleepwalkers, is presented. PMID- 7020441 TI - Deregulation and the right to life. PMID- 7020442 TI - A new look at yellow fever and malaria. PMID- 7020443 TI - Clinical drug-resistant falciparum malaria acquired from cultured parasites. AB - This is the first reported infection with Plasmodium falciparum acquired from continuous cultures of these parasites. The strain involved, FCR3, was originally isolated from The Gambia, West Africa, and was initially sensitive to chloroquine in vitro. After nearly 4 years of continuous culture without chloroquine pressure, it became resistant to chloroquine in vitro and in vivo, as demonstrated by the failure of both prophylactic and therapeutic regimens to control an accidental inoculation of parasite-infected erythrocytes. PMID- 7020444 TI - Prevalence of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. AB - The prevalence of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria was determined for humans living at 28 different sites in the Brazilian Amazon. Blood samples obtained from each patient were defibrinated, placed in vials containing 0.5% glucose and or chloroquine and incubated for 24 hours at 39-40 degrees C without agitation. In vitro sensitivity of the parasite to four different concentrations of chloroquine was determined for each sample. After 24 hours of incubation, trophozoites of Plasmodium falciparum developed to schizonts in all control cultures (no chloroquine) as well as in 80.6, 48.4, 11.8 and 7.5% of the cultures containing 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 nmol chloroquine/ml blood, respectively. Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum was found in blood samples from all 28 locations, indicating that such resistance is widely spread in the Brazilian Amazon. PMID- 7020445 TI - Antimalarial activity of quassinoids against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. AB - The growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro was markedly inhibited by certain quassinoids (the bitter principles from plants of the family Simaroubaceae). The most active compound, simalikalactone D, gave complete inhibition at 0.005 microgram/ml. Glaucarubinone an soularubinone were equally effective at 0.006 microgram/ml, whereas chaparrinone and simarolide had little effect even at 0.01 microgram/ml. These relative activities are parallel to the antineoplastic activities of these materials. PMID- 7020446 TI - Infectivity of a strain of Plasmodium falciparum from Hainan, People's Republic of China, to different anophelines. PMID- 7020447 TI - Red cells containing hemoglobin E do not inhibit malaria parasite development in vitro. PMID- 7020448 TI - Effect of Plasmodium berghei on membranes of murine erythrocytes. AB - Membranes from normal and Plasmodium berghei-infected mice were analyzed to determine: 1) if any antigenic changes were present; and 2) the nature of these changes. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), immunological and biochemical analyses were performed on whole ghosts and glycoprotein fractions extracted from whole ghosts by chloroform-methanol. PAGE profiles and biochemical analyses revealed quantitative, but not qualitative, differences between membrane proteins and glycoproteins of normal and infected membranes. No antigenic changes were detected. The data presented here suggest that productive infection with P. berghei brings about an imbalance in the protein composition of the erythrocyte membrane, but does not result in the insertion of new proteins or glycoproteins. PMID- 7020449 TI - Reservoir hosts of human babesiosis on Nantucket Island. AB - The host range of Babesia microti was studied on Nantucket Island in order to identify the enzootic reservoir of this human pathogen. White-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) were more frequently parasitized than were other indigenous animals. Infection was ubiquitous in locations where deer were abundant. Mice were most frequently parasitemic during spring and summer and adults more frequently than juveniles. Parasitemia, which was rarely intense, was sustained for as long as 4 months. Mice lived as long as 10 months, and juveniles were most abundant during early summer. Prevalence of zoonotic infection, in certain locations, appeared to be inversely correlated with abundance of mice. B. microti was present solely in regions harboring deer. PMID- 7020450 TI - Associations in filarial infections in man in the savanna zones of Mali and Upper Volta. AB - In 14 villages located in the West African savanna belt, 1,305 people were examined for microfilariae in blood and skin. The results indicate that the associations between filariae in infected patients are not the result of chance alone. The frequency of associations between Wuchereria bancrofti and Tetrapetalonema perstans was highly significant, whereas Onchocerca volvulus appeared to be associated with W. bancrofti only in the absence of T. perstans. PMID- 7020451 TI - Mansonella ozzardi in Haiti II. Arthropod vector studies. AB - The present vector studies show that the biting midge, Culicoides furens, serves as an intermediate host for Mansonella ozzardi in Haiti. A total of 3,430 C. furens were collected as they engorged on infected individuals. Under the maintenance conditions described herein, the microfilaria required 9 days to reach the infective stage. Approximately 43% of the midges survived, and from these 1,128 infective stage larvae were collected. This represents an overall infection rate of 0.76 larva per midge. Typically, there was a directly proportional relationship between the infection rate in midges and the level of microfilaremia in the individuals upon whom the C. furens fed. Also, the vector efficiency of C. furens collected from saltwater or freshwater breeding habitats was comparable. PMID- 7020452 TI - Filariasis in the Dominican Republic. PMID- 7020453 TI - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for malaria. III. Antibody response in documented Plasmodium falciparum infections. AB - Serum specimens from patients in El Salvador, Central America, with slide-proven Plasmodium falciparum infections were examined for antibodies to P. falciparum using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) methods. Both serologic tests were positive in 78.1% of the 827 samples, both negative in 5.4%, the ELISA positive alone in 6.3%, and the IFA alone in 10.2%. Agreement between the serologic tests was better in the specimens with high positive titers (high IFA = high ELISA). Seropositivity rates and geometric mean titers were higher in the older (greater than or equal to 15 years) age groups for both ELISA and IFA; in such persons, the IFA was positive in 92% and the ELISA in 88%. The lowest seropositivity rates found by the ELISA were observed in children; 27.6% of 98 children less than or equal to 4 years of age were negative. A longer duration of infection as evidenced by the presence of gametocytes on the blood slide resulted in higher positivity rates by both ELISA and IFA. This phenomenon, particularly apparent in young children, supports the belief that the more important variable in determining the proportion of false negatives is previous malaria experience and not age. The results indicate that, while neither serologic test is appropriate as a diagnostic aid, both the ELISA and the IFA would be useful in epidemiologic investigations. PMID- 7020454 TI - Leishmaniasis in Colombia, a review. AB - A review is made of 60 publications on leishmaniasis in Colombia reported between 1889 and the present. A serious source of difficulty in interpreting the literature is the frequent discussion of "cases" (1,536 of 1,865, or 82%) that were never confirmed by observation of the parasite or by positive immunological tests. The apparent distribution of the disease is considerably biased by the real distribution of physicians. Nevertheless, laboratory-confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis has been reported from most humid, lowland regions, and apparently the disease is endemic in nearly all the administrative sections of the country. Mucocutaneous involvement seems to occur in around 25% of the cases. Visceral leishmaniasis is seldom reported and is known to occur only in the Magdalena River basin. There have been no surveys to identify arthropod vectors or wild reservoir hosts, although two naturally infected dogs were associated with one of the visceral leishmaniasis cases. Leishmaniasis is a seldom diagnosed but major health problem in several regions of Colombia, in terms of the number of persons affected and the difficulty of obtaining treatment. PMID- 7020455 TI - Destruction of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma cruzi by eosinophil granule major basic protein. AB - Human eosinophils are known to engage in an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity reaction causing destruction of virulent bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. A similar cytotoxic effect was found in this work to be produced by the major basic proteins (MBP) purified from human and guinea pig eosinophil granules. Killing of T. cruzi by these proteins was concentration dependent, with significant cytotoxicity observed at concentrations as low as 1 x 10(-5) M. Basicity appeared to be an important, but not the only, property required for the MBP molecule to destroy T. cruzi, since highly basic proteins such as arginine-rich histone and cytochrome C were inactive under the same conditions. However, other basic proteins, poly-L-arginine and protamine, lacked cytotoxicity at concentrations which were effective for MBP (1 x 10(-5) M), but killed the flagellates at higher concentrations (5 x 10(-5) M). Furthermore, heparin, an anionic molecule, effectively inhibited the cytotoxic effect of both human and guinea pig MBP on T. cruzi. Heating MBP at 56 degrees C for 4 hours, a treatment which causes the loss of reactivity of MBP with specific antibodies, effectively inhibited the lytic effect on the parasites. In contrast, heating had no effect on the cytotoxic effects of protamine or poly-L-arginine. Specific antiserum to MBP caused a marked reduction in the extent of trypanosome killing by MBP when added to reaction mixtures. The present results suggest that eosinophil-mediated killing of T. cruzi may be due to the discharge of basic granule components by the effector cells which are directly toxic for the parasite. PMID- 7020456 TI - Susceptibility of laboratory primates to infection with Mansonella ozzardi from man. AB - The study was undertaken to determine primates were susceptible to infection with Caribbean and/or Amazon strains of Mansonella ozzardi of man. Twenty-three animals including three chimpanzees, four squirrel monkeys, one capuchin, five rhesus and 10 patas monkeys each received, by subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection, 25-170 infective larvae of M. ozzardi harvested either from infected Culicoides furens collected in Haiti or Simulium sp. (sanguineum complex) collected in the Colombian Amazon and transported to our laboratories in Louisiana. Patent infections were obtained in seven of 10 patas monkeys but not in any other species of primates. The prepatent period ranged in duration from 149-186 days with a mean of 168 days. All of the patas monkeys developed modest microfilaremias that persisted for as long as 1 year, the duration of our observations. Adult worms were obtained at necropsy from three of four patas monkeys. The worms were recovered from soakings of the carcass and skin rather than from the abdominal cavity and mesenteries. However, their precise habitat was not determined. PMID- 7020457 TI - Biliary lithiasis and helminthiasis. AB - The syndrome of Oriental cholangiohepatitis is characterized by helminthiasis, choledocholithiasis often without cholecystolithiasis, biliary duct stricture and hepatic abscess. The common duct stones are usually multiple, black and friable. Fourteen cases have been seen in recent immigrants to the United States. Thirteen patients had choledocholithiasis, and 1 had viable flukes in the ducts. Choledochoenterostomy is usually required because of multiple stones, including intrahepatic stones, or proven or presumed infestation with Clonorchis sinensis. The latter, the Chinese liver fluke, is an infestation for which medical therapy does not exist. Resection, particularly of the lateral segment of the left hepatic lobe, may be required in cases of abscess and stones associated with stricture of the left hepatic duct. PMID- 7020458 TI - 1,500 renal transplants at one center: evolution of a strategy for optimal success. AB - From analysis of results of more than 1,500 renal transplants has evolved a plan for donor selection and immunosuppressive management whereby patients with end stage renal disease can obtain maximum graft and patient survival. With superior results in both patient and graft survival with living-related transplantation, this modality should be considered initially. Pretreatment with third party blood transfusions appears effective in all donor categories. Donor-specific blood transfusions have afforded 1-haplotype mixed lymphocyte culture-incompatible recipients enhanced opportunity for successful transplantation. Current results with living-related transplantation suggest realistic expectations of 1 and 2 year graft survival rates of greater than 90 percent. Curtailment of steroid therapy has resulted in improved patient survival at 1 and 2 years: 98 and 97 percent for recipients of living-related grafts, and 91 and 88 percent for recipients of cadaver grafts. These results, in combination with proper donor selection and appropriate recipient pretreatment with blood transfusions, have made renal transplantation a very effective therapeutic method in patients with end-stage renal disease. PMID- 7020459 TI - Popliteal artery injury with fractural dislocation of the knee. AB - If the reviewer has learned anything from this collected series of patients, it is that aggressive management is necessary. Preoperative and especially postoperative arteriography is essential for a high limb salvage rate. The vascular repair should receive priority, and early aggressive fasciotomy may be necessary. If orthopedic repair is done first, it should be done expeditiously so as to not prolong ischemic time. External fixation is recommended in the management of associated orthopedic injury. PMID- 7020460 TI - Gastric stapling for morbid obesity. PMID- 7020461 TI - Surgical management of aldosterone-producing adrenal adenomas: a review of 16 patients. AB - Tabulation of the diagnostic evaluation and operative treatment of 16 patients with aldosterone-producing adrenal adenomas is presented. The diagnosis of primary aldosteronism was confirmed in all patients by biochemical and radiologic studies. Selective venous sampling of adrenal vein aldosterone localized the adenoma in 14 patients and proved to be the single most helpful diagnostic procedure. Computed tomography was used recently to confirm the localization of these interesting lesions and may become the initial noninvasive diagnostic study. Confidence in the accuracy of preoperative localization has led to the choice of the posterior approach to the involved adrenal gland. Postoperative morbidity has been low regardless of the operative approach; however, subjective patient acceptance of posterior adrenalectomy suggests a more comfortable convalescence and a more rapid return to normal activity. PMID- 7020462 TI - Management of occlusive disease of the subclavian and innominate arteries. AB - Occlusive disease of the supraaortic brachiocephalic arteries causes cerebrovascular insufficiency associated with a variety of abnormal flow patterns. Surgical correction of properly selected patients yielded durable results in 25 patients. Staged operations, correcting carotid bifurcation lesions before brachiocephalic reconstructions, were preferred. PMID- 7020463 TI - The scientist-surgeon. PMID- 7020464 TI - Terminology and iconography of lupus erythematosus. A historical vignette. PMID- 7020465 TI - Dermatopathology in historical perspective. Skin diseases elucidated by anatomic investigation. The nails by Dr. Gustav Simon. PMID- 7020466 TI - Obituary of Gustav Simon. PMID- 7020467 TI - St. Anthony's fire. PMID- 7020468 TI - [Cimetidine (clinical trial in 30 patients with chronic urticaria)]. PMID- 7020469 TI - Efficacy of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine in the topical treatment of herpes simplex keratitis. AB - BVDU [(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine] has a potent and selective activity against herpes simplex (type 1) in both cell culture systems and animal models. The efficacy of topical BVDU treatment (0.1% eye drops) has been evaluated in 37 patients with different forms of herpes simplex keratitis. Of these patients, 35 were followed for 2-9 months (average 6.5 months). Most of the patients had first been treated with topical IDU (idoxuridine) or ara-A (adenine arabinoside), albeit unsuccessfully, before BVDU treatment was started. Upon BVDU treatment, dendritic corneal ulcers healed in 7.8 days (on average) and the geographic corneal ulcers in 10.8 days. BVDU also exerted a pronounced healing effect on stromal keratitis, whether it was used alone or in combination with topical corticosteroids. No early recurrences were observed. Late recurrences were seen in four patients who again responded quickly to BVDU treatment. No toxic side effects, whether local or systemic, were noted in any of the patients treated with BVDU. These results establish the efficacy of BVDU in the local treatment of herpetic keratitis in man. PMID- 7020470 TI - [The recovery room - function and organization (author's transl)]. AB - Postanaesthetic observation and control of the patient, independently of surgery, is an integral part of the anaesthetic course. The anaesthetic procedure is terminated in the recovery room only, where all negative effects of anaesthesia and surgery or their sequels can be properly assessed and eliminated. After restoration of vital functions and protective reflexes only the patient may be transferred to normal wards or intensive care units for further control of his postoperative condition. Following long-term surgery, and in any high-risk case in general, postoperative mechanical ventilation or application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can reduce the incidence of respiratory complications. The additional and extensive therapeutic and diagnostic tasks to be covered in the recovery room call for special consideratons in equipping and staffing. Adequately trained nurses in sufficient number, respiratory devices covering any mode of ventilation and an emergency laboratory are indispensable prerequisites for proper function. Only then the anaesthesiologist will be able to satisfactorily perform his comprehensive task of providing stable vital functions, preoperatively in establishing the state of operability, intraoperatively by corrective therapy and postoperatively until anaesthetic effects and surgical trauma have subsided. PMID- 7020471 TI - [Problems in the eradication of smallpox. Possible disappearance of other transmissible diseases]. PMID- 7020472 TI - Halothane and enflurane in dental anaesthesia. AB - A clinical trial was designed to compare the use of halothane and enflurane in outpatient dental anaesthesia. A wholly inhalational technique was chosen. Basal nitrous oxide and oxygen was delivered from a Walton V demand-flow machine and was supplemented alternately with halothane or enflurane delivered from paired Goldman vaporisers in series. Under these circumstances, enflurane produced significantly fewer dysrhythmias than halothane, but was a more difficult, more expensive and less versatile agent to use. Overall, it was considered inferior to halothane in this context except, perhaps, where repeat anaesthetics may be required at short intervals of time. PMID- 7020473 TI - Early opposition to obstetric anaesthesia. PMID- 7020474 TI - Obituary: Harry J. Daly. PMID- 7020475 TI - Thermodilution cardiac output--a systematic error. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanism and magnitude of a systematic error in thermodilution cardiac output measurement. One hundred and seventy-one thermodilution cardiac output measurements in dogs using a Swan-Ganz catheter were compared with simultaneously made dye dilution measurements under different conditions over a wide range of cardiac outputs. A systematic error with the thermodilution technique was confirmed and was almost identical to that observed in the literature. It is proposed that its mechanism is loss of thermal indicator between the injectate orifice and detection. Application of a further correction factor for thermal indicator loss is suggested. PMID- 7020476 TI - Some ether anecdotes. PMID- 7020477 TI - Review: Affinity electrophoresis. PMID- 7020478 TI - Perifusion system for isolated cells. PMID- 7020479 TI - The enzymatic synthesis of some potential photoaffinity analogs of benzoyl coenzyme A. PMID- 7020480 TI - Analysis of stereochemistry of enzymically formed pantoyl lactone or pantoic acid by gas chromatography and circular dichroism. PMID- 7020481 TI - Double-standard isotope dilution assay. I. Quantitative assay of indole-3-acetic acid. PMID- 7020482 TI - [In memory of Gunther Geyer (9/25/1930-6/18/80)]. PMID- 7020483 TI - The division of the lateral ventricle into the segments in white rat. AB - The lateral brain ventricle (ventriculus lateralis) of the rat on the frontal serial histological slices was studied. Based on the change in the ventricle form in slices it was divided into the segments, marked by capital L (lateralis) and by the order number as segments L1 to L7. The method aims to serve as an aid for the simple denotation and easy identification of the examined part of the lateral ventricle during the morphological examinations. PMID- 7020484 TI - A technique for improved fixation of the pigeon central nervous system for electron microscopy. AB - The central nervous system (CNS) of the pigeon has been difficult to fix with consistency, and consequently this problem has impeded ultrastructural studies of various parts of the pigeon brain. Here we describe a method for effective fixation of the pigeon CNS and discuss the three principal problems associated with good fixation of this animal's brain. The animal was deeply anesthetized and the thoracic cavity was opened without collapsing the pectoral girdle upon the brachiocephalic trunks and the common carotids. The perfusion pressure was raised to 140-150 mm Hg to overcome the high resistance of the small diameter, long common carotids. Heparin was added to the wash buffer to retard coagulation of blood in the vascular bed of the brain. The method is not foolproof, but with care excellent fixation can be achieved. PMID- 7020485 TI - [Glucose intolerance in injured patients (author's transl)]. AB - Glucose intolerance occurring in injured patients is known to be a part of the general response to injury described by Cuthbbertson: early "ebb phase" with a decrease of energy production, then "flow phase" with hypermetabolism. Several processes can be responsible for the abnormalities observed: 1) Alterations in peripheral glucose uptake. 2) Absolute or relative insulin lack in connection with increased catecholamine release which is know to inhibit insulin secretion. 3) Decreased sensitivity and responsiveness to insulin in connection with increased levels of counter regulatory hormones (catecholamines, glucagon, growth hormone). 4) Non-suppressibility of hepatic gluconeogenesis by glucose. Glucose intolerance decreases glucose utilisation and leads to increased proteolysis always unfavorable for patients. PMID- 7020486 TI - Renal function and stress response during halothane or fentanyl anesthesia. AB - The effects of anesthesia on hormonal stress response and renal function were measured before institution of cardiopulmonary bypass in two groups of patients undergoing elective coronary artery surgery. Group 1 (10 patients) received fentanyl, 100 microgram/kg, and N2O/O2; group 2 (12 patients) received halothane and N2O/O2. Patients in group 1 showed no significant changes in plasma levels of vasopressin, renin, or aldosterone during anesthesia or operation. This same group, however, demonstrated significant decreases in plasma levels of cortisol (8.4 +/- 1 to 4.2 +/- 1 microgram%, p less than 0.01), epinephrine (260 +/- 72 to 97 +/- 28 pg/ml, p less than 0.05), and norepinephrine (715 +/- 177 to 322 +/- 46 pg/ml, p less than 0.05) during operation. This was accompanied by an increase in urine volume (2.1 +/- 0.8 to 7.6 +/- 2 ml/min, p less than 0.05), a decrease in urine osmolality (610 +/- 82 to 166 +/- 60 mOsm/kg, p less than 0.01), and urine Na+ (54 +/- 12 to 16 +/- 4 meq/L, p less than 0.01) and no change in creatinine clearance. In contrast, in the group 2 patients during operation plasma levels of cortisol (11.7 +/- 2 to 31.1 +/- 2 microgram%, p less than 0.01), aldosterone (60 +/- 14 to 106 +/- 2 pg/ml, p less than 0.01), and vasopressin (10.4 +/- 1 to 23.3 +/- 3 pg/ml, p less than 0.01) all increased. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in creatinine clearance (148 +/- 52 to 92 +/- 12 ml/min/m2, p less than 0.05). The data demonstrate that high dose fentanyl anesthesia can significantly attenuate the hormonal stress response to operation and preserve renal function. They also suggest that decreases in renal function observed with anesthesia and operation may be a reflection of the hormonal changes associated with surgical stimulation. PMID- 7020487 TI - Propranolol alters renin release during nitroprusside-induced hypotension and prevents hypertension on discontinuation of nitroprusside. AB - Ten patients who received hypotensive anesthesia for surgical correction of a cerebral aneurysm were pretreated for 1 day with propranolol. In the awake state, before start of anesthesia, mean arterial pressure was 91 +/- 3 torr and plasma renin activity 3.0 +/- 0.1 ng/ml/hr. Thirty minutes after the induction of anesthesia mean arterial pressure decreased to 79 +/- 2 torr and plasma renin activity increased to 3.5 +/- 0.1 ng/ml/hr. There was no further significant change in either measurement with surgical stimulation. During sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension (the dose used was 0.35 +/- 0.02 mg/kg) mean arterial pressure was reduced to 53 +/- 2 torr, and plasma renin activity increased to 8.8 +/- 0.9 ng/ml/hr. Heart rate did not change. Discontinuation of sodium nitroprusside resulted in a gradual reduction of plasma renin activity to the awake level and concurrent gradual increase in mean arterial pressure to its basal anesthetic value. When compared with previous work, these results indicate that propranolol attenuates nitroprusside-induced renin release, reduces the dosage of nitroprusside required to induce hypotension, suppresses reflex tachycardia, and prevents overshoot hypertension on discontinuation of nitroprusside. PMID- 7020488 TI - Perioperative management of diabetes mellitus. AB - Hourly plasma glucose concentrations in 191 diabetic patients undergoing 200 operations were measured. The glucose infusion rate was controlled. Insulin taking diabetics given no insulin or a fraction of their usual dose preoperatively developed rising plasma glucose concentrations beginning with the start of operation. The mean rate was 22 mg.dl-1.h-1 (no insulin) and 17 mg.dl 1.h-1 (one-half to one-fourth the usual dose of insulin). Eight per cent of the patients achieved plasma glucose concentrations greater than 400 mg/dl. Patients given regular insulin during the operation had no hourly rise in plasma glucose. However, hypoglycemia occurred in 5.5 per cent of these patients. The authors suggest that arbitrary management regimens should be abandoned. Plasma glucose levels should be measured frequently and insulin and/or sugar should be given to each patient as needed. PMID- 7020489 TI - Blood glucose control during surgery. PMID- 7020490 TI - Fifty years of cephalometric radiography. PMID- 7020491 TI - Cryptococcal meningitis in corticosteroid-treated asthmatic patient. PMID- 7020492 TI - The estimation of bee venom specific human IgG. AB - Bee venom specific human IgG was measured by solid phase sandwich radioimmunoassay (RIA) using bee venom adsorbed to polystyrene tubes. RIA results were found to correlate with those obtained in an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for bee venom specific IgG. The RIA did not suffer from the high background often associated with other solid phase radioimmunoassays for human IgG. Furthermore, both the RIA and EIA were simple to perform, inexpensive and highly reproducible. PMID- 7020493 TI - Intermittent positive pressure breathing administration of terbutaline: a dose response study. AB - Eight patients with obstructive airways disease with a reversible component were treated with incremental doses of terbutaline by a Monaghan type nebulizer. Accumulative doses up to 3 mg were tolerated without significant side effects. Terbutaline appears to be safe and effective drug when administered by IPPB. PMID- 7020494 TI - Peripheral vs central circulation times during CPR: a pilot study. AB - The circulation time during closed chest cardiac compression was studied using Cardio-Green injected in either the right antecubital vein or right subclavian vein during CPR. Arterial blood was obtained from a right femoral arterial catheter at 30-second intervals for five minutes following injection. Six patients, in two groups, comprised the study population. The arterial sample for Cardio-Green after central venous injection revealed a high concentration of the dye at 30 seconds and an emerging second peak at five minutes. After peripheral injection, no peak concentration of the dye was achieved during the five-minute sampling method. Our preliminary study indicates reduced concentrations and significant delay in arrival of injected agents that are introduced at a peripheral intravenous site during closed chest compression. PMID- 7020495 TI - Experimental intramammary infection of the dairy cow with Escherichia coli during the nonlactating period. AB - The nonlactating mammary gland was experimentally inoculated with Escherichia coli. During the first half of the nonlactating period, 32% of 34 inoculated glands were temporarily infected. All intramammary infections were eradicated by the cow without therapy and no signs of mastitis were observed. During the 30 days before parturition occurred, 88% of 42 inoculated glands in the cows became infected. Twenty-three intramammary infections were eradicated by the cow and infection in 14 glands persisted after parturition occurred. Peracute toxic mastitis occurred in those cows with infected glands. PMID- 7020496 TI - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was investigated for the diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle. Studies included examination of 4 antigen preparations: freshly collected fluke antigen (FFA), dead fluke antigen (DFA), lyophilized fluke antigen (LFA), and partially purified antigen (PPA) for activity and use of an ELISA with FFA and LFA for diagnosis of experimentally and naturally occurring fascioliasis in cattle. The ELISA, using FFA, detected F hepatica antibody in calves as early as 4 weeks after exposure to this parasite. The DFA exhibited slightly less activity, and LFA did not have diagnostic value until 9 to 10 weeks after exposure. The PPA produced high background readings with noninfected control sera and was not considered sufficiently specific for further use. The long incubation and short incubation ELISA procedures can be used for diagnostic work. Both were equally sensitive, with optical density readings of known positive sera routinely 2.5 times those of sera from normal controls. The repeatability of these tests was also excellent, and only slight variation in optical density was observed in ELISA was performed on representative known positive and negative sera with similar reagents in replicate tests. PMID- 7020497 TI - Effect of Haemophilus somnus on bovine endothelial cell in organ culture. AB - The effect of 2 strains of Haemophilus somnus on bovine endothelial cells in cultured arterial segments was investigated and compared with the effects of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. In cultures inoculated with either strain of H somnus, there was widespread contraction and desquamation of endothelial cells, exposing large areas of subendothelial collagen. Many bacteria were adherent to endothelial cells and some were in phagosomes within cells. Endothelial changes were milder in arterial cultures inoculated with E coli or S typhimurium than in those inoculated with either strain of H somnus. Adhesion of H somnus to vascular endothelial cells followed by exposure of subendothelial collagen may initiate the thrombosis, vasculitis, and ischemic necrosis characteristic of infectious thromboembolic meningoencephalitis in cattle. Arterial cultures might be useful in assaying the virulences of different strains of H somnus, and could be used to investigate the mechanism of their action on endothelial cells. PMID- 7020498 TI - Identification of bovine T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations by immunofluorescence surface marker analysis. AB - A T-cell specific goat anti-bovine thymocyte antiserum was prepared for use in identifying T lymphocytes by an indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) technique. The antiserum was made specific for T lymphocytes through adsorptions with normal bovine RBC, normal serum, and bone marrow cells. It reacted with more than 95% of the thymocytes and less than 5% of the bone marrow cells. By the indirect FA assay, 72.9 +/- 5.7% (SD) of the peripheral blood lymphocytes of adult cows (n = 19) were identified as T lymphocytes. With the previously reported total B lymphocyte number of 26.9 +/- 4.4%, as determined by a mixture of antiimmunoglobulin (Ig)G, anti-IgA, and anti-IgM, the 2 assays, in conjunction, can thus identify over 95% of the peripheral blood lymphocytes as either T or B lymphocytes. With the use of individual Ig class- and subclass-specific antisera in the direct FA assay, the peripheral blood lymphocytes of adult cows (n = 15) were shown to consist of 8.5 +/- 3.1% IgG1-bearing lymphocytes, 3.5 +/- 2.2% IgG2 bearing lymphocytes, 7.0 +/- 2.4% IgA-bearing lymphocytes, and 13.4 +/- 2.6% IgM bearing lymphocytes--indicating that although the majority of B lymphocytes possess IgM on their surface, in cattle ther are many B lymphocytes without surface membrane (Sm)IgM, but with only SmIgG1, SmIgG2, or SmIgA. PMID- 7020499 TI - Effect of an intramammary polyethylene device on the concentration of leukocytes and immunoglobulins in milk and on the leukocyte response to Escherichia coli endotoxin and challenge exposure with Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7020500 TI - Effects of ammonia infusion on plasma glucagon, insulin, and amino acids in intact, pancreatectomized, and adrenalectomized dogs. AB - Ammonium salts were infused in intact, pancreatectomized, and adrenalectomized dogs to produce coma-inducing amounts of plasma ammonia. Changes in intact dogs included hyperglycemia, hyperglucagonemia, hyperinsulinemia, and decreases in plasma concentrations of glutamine, alanine, threonine, glycine, lysine, valine, proline, serine, arginine, leucine, isoleucine, and methionine. Urinary excretion of catecholamines increased more than 20-fold, whereas plasma hydrocortisone concentrations were essentially unchanged. In pancreatectomized dogs, ammonia infusions caused hyperglycemia, a mild hyperglucagonemia, and no changes in plasma amino acid concentrations, other than a decrease in alanine and an increase in taurine. In adrenalectomized dogs, ammonia infusion resulted in normoglycemia, hyperglucagonemia (comparable with that seen in intact dogs), hyperinsulinemia (2 to 3 times that seen in intact dogs), and decreased plasma concentrations of alanine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine. Finally, propranolol administration did not affect ammonia-induced glucagon and insulin release. The endocrine portion of the pancreas appears to mediate the major effects of ammonia on plasma amino acid values. The effect of ammonia in stimulating glucagon release may occur by an alpha-adrenergic pathway or by direct stimulation of pancreatic islet cells. PMID- 7020501 TI - Biotyping of Salmonella typhimurium strains isolated from animals and birds in northern Japan. AB - Strains of Salmonella typhimurium (n = 175) isolated from animals and birds in northern Japan were differentiated into 5 biovars (1, 2, 7, 10, and untypeable) by 6 kinds of fermentation tests (inositol, bitter-xylose, rhamnose, xylose, Stern's glycerol, and trehalose) of Brandis' scheme, and were subdivided into 9 primary and 38 full biovars by a new biotyping method, using additional biochemical reactions. The full biovar classified by the new biotyping method was considered to be a marker for assessing the widespread outbreaks of infection with S typhimurium. In particular, strains of biovars 25hi and 27hi were characteristically found in pigeons, quail, and fantails, and were thought to be of avian origin. PMID- 7020502 TI - 'Nursing homes without walls' program keeps patients at home. PMID- 7020503 TI - The relationship between arterial blood gases and serum theophylline clearance in critically ill patients. AB - Theophylline clearances were monitored at 8-h intervals in a group of critically ill patients and changes in the clearances were correlated with changes in the arterial blood gases. A total of 183 samples from 20 patients were analyzed. The initial theophylline clearance ranged from 20 to 89 ml/kg/h. The initial clearances could not be predicted from the patient's age, arterial blood gases, or the presence of congestive heart failure, liver dysfunction, or other medical problems. For individual patients, the theophylline clearance varied markedly during the study, with the mean maximal clearance averaging 54% higher than the mean minimal clearance. Changes in clearances were not correlated with changes in the arterial blood gases. On the basis of this study, we recommend an initial aminophylline infusion rate of 0.5 mg/kg/h in all critically ill patients. Serum theophylline concentrations should then be determined at 24-h intervals until stabilization and at 48-h intervals thereafter with appropriate adjustments in aminophylline doses. PMID- 7020504 TI - Immunodiagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in rabbits. Fungal antigen detected by radioimmunoassay in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. AB - To improve antemortem diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, we used a radioimmunoassay to detect an Aspergillus fumigatus antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and evaluated this technique in a model of disseminated aspergillosis. Antigen was detected in 91% of BALF samples obtained from 11 rabbits with major pulmonary aspergillosis. In an additional 10 rabbits with only minor pulmonary involvement, antigen was detected in 40% of concentrated lavage samples. In contrast, antigenlike activity was found in only 1 of 17 BALF samples from control animals with systemic candidiasis, in none of 9 control animals with staphylococcal pneumonia and in none of 10 normal control animals. Although antigen was present in the serum of 76% of animals infected with Aspergillus, 27% of those with major pulmonary involvement had antigen detected in BALF alone. We found that an extracellular microbial antigen can be detected in BALF and that this technique in the disseminated aspergillosis model is both sensitive and specific for invasive pulmonary disease. PMID- 7020506 TI - Asymptomatic cryptococcal meningitis. AB - Two cases of asymptomatic cryptococcal meningitis are described. The disease was diagnosed only after Cryptococcus neoformans was cultured from lung tissue and urine. These cases represent 2 of 11 meningitis cases seen in a 10-yr period at this hospital. Of 11 cases of extraneural cryptococcosis, 6 had lumbar punctures and these 2 had positive culture results. Asymptomatic cryptococcal meningitis is not rare. Our experience suggested that lumbar punctures should be performed routinely in patients with cultures yielding Cryptococcus neoformans from extraneural sites. PMID- 7020505 TI - Antigens of PPD, old tuberculin, and autoclaved Mycobacterium bovis BCG studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. AB - The effect of heat on mycobacterial antigens was studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in a system permitting identification and analysis of about 30 distinct components in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. By heating BCG concentrated culture fluid and BCG sonicates to 120 degrees C for 15 min, most antigens detectable by reaction with rabbit anti-BCG antibodies were destroyed. The BCG antigens 60, 63, 82, and 89 still gave strong precipitate lines, antigens 1B and 23 gave weak but distinct precipitate lines, whereas BCG antigens 27, 71, and 84 did not precipitate but retained some of their ability to combine with anti-BCG antibodies. Tuberculin PPD preparations showed a varying antigen content, the most prominent component corresponding to BCG antigen 60, and 6 additional components being detected in PPD RT33. The polysaccharide antigen responsible for the prominent peak of BCG antigen 89 was not detected in PPD RT 23 or PPD RT33. Only 5 distinct antigenic components were detected in Old tuberculin. They corresponded to the components remaining in autoclaved BCG, with 60 and 89 being the only prominent peaks in direct precipitation tests. The relevance of these findings concerning purification of mycobacterial antigens and the importance of individual antigenic components for induction of delayed hypersensitivity is discussed. PMID- 7020507 TI - Bronchoalveolar cells in advanced pulmonary sarcoidosis. AB - We performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in 120 subjects: 94 patients with sarcoidosis, 11 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and 15 normal volunteers. By counting cells and comparing the results with those from control subjects, we found a high percentage of lymphocytes in BAL fluid from all patients with sarcoidosis and a high percentage of neutrophils (NE) in BAL fluid from patients with IPF. In addition, we observed a significantly higher proportion of NE in the 14 patients with advanced sarcoidosis (i.e., fibrosis and bullous radiological patterns), than was seen in the 80 patients with early stages of involvement (i.e., bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and/or pulmonary infiltrations) (p less than 0.001). The NE count exceeded the normal value of 3.5% in 9 of the 14 patients with advanced sarcoidosis but only in 1 of the 80 patients with early disease (p less than 0.001). We believe that advanced sarcoidosis is one of the conditions in which a simultaneous increase in both NE and lymphocytes in BAL fluid can be observed. The NE count in bronchoalveolar fluid in patients with sarcoidosis, as in patients with IPF, may indicate evolution of the granulomatous process toward pulmonary fibrosis. These phenomena point out the potential practical value of iterative BAL in patients with sarcoidosis in assessing the prognosis of their disease. PMID- 7020508 TI - Long-term followup of two patients with pulmonary cavitation caused by Legionella pneumophila. AB - Two patients with cavitary pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila were followed by several months. Both patients had positive sputum cultures for L. pneumophila; one patient had positive respiratory tract cultures for 18 days after initiation of erythromycin. Slow resolution of the cavities occurred in both patients after 1 to 2 months of antimicrobial therapy. PMID- 7020509 TI - Pyrazinamide deamidase activity in tuberculous disease. AB - To investigate whether pyrazinamide deamidase activity is suppressed in tuberculosis, serial serum concentrations of pyrazinamide, following 40 mg of pyrazinamide per kg, were determined in 10 patients with sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis and in 10 control subjects without disease. The concentrations and the half-lives of pyrazinamide were similar in the 2 groups, suggesting no suppression of the deamidase activity in tuberculous patients. PMID- 7020510 TI - Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) does not depress left ventricular function in patients with pulmonary edema. AB - We evaluated the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on left ventricular function in 15 patients with acute respiratory insufficiency secondary to pulmonary edema with invasive (pressure; flow) measurements and radionuclide angiography (RA). Using RNA allowed a definition of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and then calculation of the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), both before and after PEEP. With a mean PEEP of 14.2 +/- 1.8 cm H2O (mean +/- SD) (range, 10 to 15), a fall in the cardiac index (4.34 +/- 1.5 to 3.84 +/- 1.4 L/min/M2; p less than 0.001) was accompanied by a significant decrease in the stroke volume index (42 +/- 13 to 39 +/- 12 ml/beat M2; p less than 0.01) and pulse rate (103.4 +/- 14.3 to 98 +/- 13.5 beats/min; p less than 0.01). The decrease in the stroke volume index was primarily due to a significant decrease in left ventricular preload (LVEDV) from 85.9 +/- 19 to 71.4 +/- 21.4 ml/m2 (p less than 0.01). Simultaneously, the mean LVEF increased from 0.47 +/- 0.10 to 0.53 +/- 0.08 (p less than 0.05), despite a significant increase in the systemic vascular resistance (1,619 +/- 575 to 1,864 +/- 617 dynes . s. cm-5/M2; p less than 0.01). We concluded that the use of PEEP in patients with acute pulmonary edema, to the degree used in this study, may depress cardiac output by simply decreasing left ventricular preload. We were unable to produce any evidence that would support a change in the contractile state of the left ventricle as a cause of depressed forward flow with the use of PEEP. PMID- 7020511 TI - The effects of intermittent positive pressure breathing on patients with respiratory muscle weakness. AB - Marked reductions in pulmonary compliance have been noted in patients with respiratory muscle weakness, which greatly contribute to the losses of lung volume. In an attempt to reverse this abnormality and to decrease the work of breathing, we evaluated the effects of a 15-min period of positive pressure, mechanical hyperinflation of the lungs in 10 patients with generalized neuromuscular disorders and long-standing involvement of the respiratory muscles. The vital capacity was 46, and the static expiratory lung compliance was 59% of control values. The recoil pressure of the lung at full inflation was 19 cm H2O. Using positive pressure breathing devices, we inflated the lungs either with inflation pressures ranging between 20 and 40 cm H2O or with volume that were at least twofold larger than the patients' natural inspiratory capacity. Lung volumes, including functional residual capacity, and static pulmonary compliance were not modified by these procedures. Maintaining 10 cm H2O of positive end expiratory pressure did not alter the results. These findings suggest that (1) alveolar collapse, rather than a simple decrease in the compliance of the surface film of the lung, is the major cause of the low pulmonary compliance in patients with chronic respiratory muscle weakness; (2) these patients do not acutely benefit from intermittent positive breathing treatment. PMID- 7020512 TI - Perirenal fluid collection after renal transplant. AB - During the two year from January 1977 to December 1978, 59 renal allograft transplant patients were studied for perirenal collections. During the second or third postoperative day and then at weekly intervals during the initial postoperative period, serial echograms were obtained. Twenty-five perirenal fluid collections were identified in 24 patients. Twelve lymphoceles, three hematomas, three urinomas, one abscess, and six undetermined collections were found. Small and asymptomatic collections were observed. Twelve lymphoceles were managed by aspiration under ultrasound guidance in five patients, closed external drainage in six patients, and nephrectomy for acute rejection 1 patient. Three patients with hematomas had evacuation and drainage with no recurrence. Among three patients with urinomas, two had Foley catheter drainage and one had uretero ureterostomy. The patient with an abscess required a nephrectomy. Six small collections were managed consecutively, with spontaneous resolution in four patients. Large or symptomatic collections are managed accordingly. Aspiration or closed external drainage was adequate in most cases of lymphoceles. Exploration, with evacuation and drainage of hematomas, has good results. Minor urine leaks were treated with indwelling Foley catheters; major leaks necessitated surgical repair. An abscess would require drainage or nephrectomy. Small or asymptomatic collections should be treated conservatively. We have also found the routine use of ultrasound scanning postoperatively in renal transplant patients to be of value in early diagnosis and follow-up or perirenal fluid collections. PMID- 7020513 TI - Donor pretreatment on perfused cadaver kidneys: experimental observations. PMID- 7020514 TI - Trials with the cerviscan experimental prescreening device on polylysine-prepared slides. AB - A blind trial was carried out to evaluate the performance of the Cerviscan experimental automated cytology prescreening system on cervical scrape specimens prepared by a suspension-polylysine-hematoxylin preparation method. One hundred twenty-nine specimens of various cytologic gradings were automatically scanned, and objects detected as "suspect" were examined and classified. The overall results of the trial showed a false-negative specimen rate of 4% and a false positive specimen rate of 18%. The mean number of false-positive signals from normal specimens was 24 per 20,000-cell sample. Major problems were the number of false-positive signals caused by the hematoxylin stain and the number of specimens rejected as inadequate by the scanner. A random partition test was carried out to estimate the ROC performance curve for the system. PMID- 7020515 TI - Comparative single-cell and flow DNA analysis of bone sarcoma. AB - Five chondrosarcomas and seven osteosarcomas were analyzed by single-cell DNA cytophotometry, in both imprint preparations and tissue sections, and by means of flow DNA cytophotometry. A comparative analysis of the DNA distribution curves of each tumor, as determined by these three methods, showed a good correlation with respect to the modal DNA values. In addition, there was a strong correlation between the proportion of tumor cells with an increased DNA value (hyperploid cells) in imprint preparations and in tissue sections of each tumor as determined by single-cell DNA cytophotometry. Flow cytophotometry appears to be the method of choice for the determination of the aneuploid modal DNA value of a tumor cell population, while single-cell cytophotometry of identified cells seems more appropriate for the determination of the proportion of hyperploid cells in a tumor cell population. In this respect, single-cell and flow DNA cytophotometry may be considered complementary. For the demonstration of the existence of aneuploidy in a tumor cell population, however, the three investigated methods seem to be equivalent. Previous studies using single-cell cytophotometry have shown that DNA determinations in chondrosarcoma as well as in other tumors provide significant prognostic information. For routine clinical work, however, as an adjunct to the conventional histopathologic malignancy grading, single-cell cytophotometry is a rather time consuming procedure, while flow cytophotometry offers a rapid and convenient means of determining the nuclear DNA content. The present study clearly showed that flow DNA cytophotometry may be applied to sarcoma of bone. PMID- 7020516 TI - Classification of gynecologic flow cytometry data: a comparison of methods. AB - Several discriminant function methods for automatically classifying flow cytometry data from human cervical material were developed and compared with previously published methods using a sample of 186 specimens. The misclassification rates (approximately 20%) were similar to those of other published techniques for classifying these data. The methods misclassify different cases, however. The apparent system performance appears to be limited by at least three factors: (1) use of too small a sample in constructing classification algorithms, (2) poor "visibility" of small numbers of abnormal cells in the flow histograms and (3) incorrect or inconsistent visual classification of the samples used to construct the classification algorithms. The third factor results in erroneously high estimates of the misclassification rate. Even so, the overall system performance appears to be comparable to that of many cytotechnologists. PMID- 7020517 TI - The use of optical Fourier transforms to diagnose pleomorphism, size and chromatin clumping in nuclear models. AB - Nuclear features of size, pleomorphism and chromatin clumping are distinctive and quantifiable in the optical Fourier transform of the nucleus. This is shown in photographs of models, tracings and hematoxylin-stained impression smears of various types of nuclei. The size of the transform is inversely proportional to the size of the nucleus. Irregularities in shape (pleomorphism) produce radially symmetric rays of light in the transform. The effect of chromatin clumping is to give a mottled pattern superimposed on the pleomorphism pattern. The transform features can be measured in real time using a ring-wedge or similar detector. These procedures might be used for both automatic screening and objective quantification of diagnoses. PMID- 7020518 TI - Computer recognition of ectocervical cells: image features. AB - Machine recognition of ectocervical cells has been achieved with good classification success by a number of research groups. Even though a substantial number of cell image features have been introduced, only a moderate number are required for classification. For them, definitions and measures of their discriminatory potential are presented. PMID- 7020519 TI - Numerical evaluation of cytologic data. VIII. Computation of the principal components. AB - The principal components transformation offers an effective methods for dimensionality reduction and for the assessment of the mutual dependence of observed variables in a data set. An iterative procedure, the so-called power method, for finding a multivariate distribution's eigenvectors and eigenvalues is demonstrated. The projection of feature vectors onto the principal components is shown. PMID- 7020521 TI - [Societe Medico-Psychologique. Membership list]. PMID- 7020520 TI - [Pharmacological therapy of senile dementia in Europe and the U.S.A]. AB - This article is a review of the pharmacotherapy of senile dementia in Europe and the United States. Neurophysiological and neuropathological studies of demented elderly have suggested that a change from the attempt to improve cerebral blood flow to the attempt to improve neuronal intermediary (glycolytic) metabolism may be more fruitful therapeutically. Clinical studies of drugs which are direct smooth relaxant vasodilators are compared with studies of drugs claimed to improve neuronal intermediary metabolism in order to test this hypothesis. Comparison of 102 clinical studies of these two types of medications finds that a significant (p less than .005) number of studies of drugs with metabolic action claim positive results than to studies of drugs with vasodilatator action alone. Three new studies addressing questions of dose and spinal fluid effects of these medications are presented. Two studies provide evidence for the superiority of 6 mg/day of dihydroergotoxine mesylate to 3 mg/kg in the elderly. One study suggests that the medication naftidrofuryl, in doses of 800 mg/day and 400 mg/day, may have similar effects. PMID- 7020522 TI - [Lipidic constituents of "Mycobacterium leprae" isolated from experimentally infected armadillo (author's transl)]. AB - Mycobacterium leprae (obtained from experimentally infected armadillo) was submitted to saponification. The liposoluble part was methylated and fractionated by chromatographic methods. Each fraction was studied by gas-liquid chromatography. Cholesterol (from the infected host) and the main fatty acids were identified. Mycolic acids were isolated, and their structures determined, using mass spectrometry. These structures are useful to make a comparison of M. leprae with some other mycobacteria. Some of these comparisons are discussed here. The absence-or, at least, the very low level-of tuberculostearate suggests comparative studies of M. leprae and M. gordonae. PMID- 7020523 TI - Paracrystalline inclusions in Mycobacterium leprae. AB - The occurrence of paracrystalline inclusions of Mycobacterium leprae infected with the mycobacteriophage D29 or treated with mitomycin C was reported before [5, 6]. In pursuing these studies we have now documented by electron micrography a number of paracrystals we thought sufficient to further describe these inclusions, and to show that they appeared to be formed in association with the intracellular membranous structures of the leprosy bacilli. PMID- 7020524 TI - [An ELISA study of the intestinal and serum anti-LPS antibody response in BALB/c mice fed with various mutants of "Salmonella typhi-murium" (author's transl)]. AB - The specific anti-LPS serum antibody response in BALB/c mice, before and after an oral booster with different non-pathogenic strains of Salmonella typhi-murium, was measured by an ELISA technique. Serum response to LPS was found to depend on the length of the LPS polysaccharide moiety in "rough" mutants. The M206 "smooth" mutant induced a less marked anti-LPS response. The immunogenicity of the polysaccharidic "core" appears to be modified by the O antigen. The specific antibody response in the gut only becomes marked following after booster of Ra, Rc and M206 mutants. PMID- 7020525 TI - [Serotyping of "Chlamydia psittaci" by microimmunofluorescence test (author's transl)]. AB - Antisera from inbred mice (C57BL and C3H) improve the specificity of the microimmunofluorescence test. We used this method in the serotyping of 6 strains of Chlamydia psittaci of differing origin. Inspite of relatively marked cross reactions it was possible to distinguish 3 groups: - the first group consisted of 2 strains of avian origin and the LGV strain 33L, - the second group consisted of 2 strains responsible for enzootic abortion in ewes, - in the third group, only 1 strain was found and this belonged to meningo-pneumonitis group. The results suggests than C. psittaci has a complex antigenic structure than does C. trachomatis. PMID- 7020526 TI - Victorian science and Victorian values: literary perspectives. PMID- 7020527 TI - Clinical status of methadyl acetate (LAAM). PMID- 7020528 TI - Adverse effects of cocaine: selected issues. PMID- 7020529 TI - The neurobiological implication of clonidine HCl. PMID- 7020530 TI - Short-term detoxification with methadone. PMID- 7020531 TI - Detoxification after methadone maintenance treatment. PMID- 7020532 TI - Drug of abuse and the endogenous reinforcement system: the resistance of intracranial self-stimulation behavior to the inebriating effects of ethanol. PMID- 7020533 TI - Opiates, opioid peptides and psychiatry. PMID- 7020534 TI - Sociobiology: are values and ethics determined by the gene? PMID- 7020535 TI - Economic constraints on health care. PMID- 7020536 TI - Valuing the patient's views: a problem for public policy. PMID- 7020537 TI - The effect of the Drug Regulation Reform Act of 1978 on clinical research, drug availability, and the public health. PMID- 7020538 TI - Patients' needs in drug development and regulation. PMID- 7020539 TI - The development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria as a consequence of feeding antibiotics to livestock. PMID- 7020540 TI - A perspective on the application of genetic engineering: stability of recombinant plasmid. PMID- 7020541 TI - Continuous-flow ultracentrifugation in preparative biochemistry. PMID- 7020542 TI - Electrochemical measurements of cell populations. AB - Determination of cell growth was carried out by a polarographic system. The system was constructed of two platinum electrodes, a saturated calomel electrode, and a thermistor electrode. Responses of the system to the dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature were examined. Cell growth of S. cerevisiae and M. olivoasterospora was monitored continuously by this system. In addition, this polarographic system could be applied to the measurements of cell populations of the human cancer cell L-1210 and mouse leukocytes. The measureable range for these animal cells was approximately 10(3)--10(5) cells/ml. PMID- 7020543 TI - Technical aspects of extractive enzyme purification. AB - We see the advantages of extraction processes for large-scale enzyme isolation and purification in the high capacity of the method, savings in process time and energy, high activity yields and the possibilities for continuous processing at all stages. Commercially available equipment can be used for separation of aqueous two-phase systems with minor modifications. It is hoped that, through using such technology, intracellular enzymes will become available in large quantities and at lower cost. PMID- 7020544 TI - Diabetogenic effect of N-nitrosomethylurea and N-nitrosomethylurethane in the adult rat. AB - Sodium nitrite and two N-nitroso compounds, N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU) and N nitrosomethylurethane (NMUT) have been investigated in the adult rat with regard to their in vivo effects on glucose tolerance and insulin response to glucose. Their effects have been compared to the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin (SZ). Glucose challenge (0.5 g/kg) in order to test insulin secretion in vivo gives the same result in the sodium nitrite-treated (25 mg/day during 2 months administered in drinking water) as in the control rats. In the NMU-treated (100 mg/kg i.p.) and in the NMUT-treated (100 mg/kg i.p.) glucose-induced insulin secretion tested 1 or 8 days after drug administration is severely decreased during the second test, especially in the NMUT-treated rats. Rats receiving STZ (35 mg/kg i.v.) exhibit sluggish insulin secretion as soon as the first test. Since in situ formation of nitrites and nitrosamines has been detected in human, one wonders about their role in the aetiology of human diabetes. PMID- 7020545 TI - [Antimicrobial effects of nitrates in meat products]. AB - In a review of the subject, the authors show that nitrite play an important role upon stability and safety of cured meat products. In non heated cured meat, they have a synergistic effect together with pH, NaCl concentration and storage temperature, in such a way that 150 ppm seem to be necessary. Usefullness of nitrite is also advocated in heated systems, though it seems difficult to establish quantitative requirements. In any way, there is a general agreement on the fact that curing without nitrite would enhance food poisoning risks, especially where botulism is concerned. PMID- 7020546 TI - [Toxicologic and nutritional aspects of nitrates and nitrites]. AB - The toxic action of nitrates and nitrites has often been summarized by methemoglobinemia and nitrosation of amines inducing carcinogenic effects; these two impacts are spectacular, but they hide varying more or less insidious actions recently studied and perceived. In the NO3/NO2 couple, it is accepted that especially nitrite ion lays down a toxicological problem, probably because of its particular chemical reactivity: nitrite ion, which is the base of nitrous acid HNO2 (pKa = 3.36) can react with many functional groups from dietary or endogenous origin; it is also a reducing agent, only oxidable by chemical oxidants or adequate enzyme systems; at the same time it is an oxidant for many reduced substrates. These different possibilities explain the chemical complexity of these compounds and almost their reactivity in biological various media with toxicological implications (modification of the redox state). In man, the presence of nitrates in the digestive tract may result in nitrite formation, because nitrate-reductase from bacterial or enterocyte origin; more particularly in stomach, nitrites are characterized by a great instability imputable to the low pH of gastric juice and to secreted factors which accelerate phenomena; at the same time, nitrates and nutrites exercise opposite effects on gastric secretion (volume, acidity, pepsin) and on gastric mucosal irrigation: while nitrates increase these different parameters, nitrites reduce secretory activity but correlations between secretion and irrigation show that nitrates induce a deep modification of hydric compartment whereas nitrites rather react through cellular anoxy. In intestine, nitrates and chiefly nitrites are very quickly absorbed by a passive mechanism and they are characterized by an extrahepatic cycle; nitrates and nitrites are also eliminated in large quantities by kidneys, and nitrates have a very high diuretic effect: these NO3- ions move Cl- ions, inducing a Na+ waste, a decrease in extracellular space and an alkalosis; this diuretic action of ionic origin is moreover increased by a rise in glomerular blood flow facilitating filtration; these compounds therefore present vasomotor effects, probably by an action on catecholamines whose metabolism is modified. Last, nitrates are suspected to be responsible for reproduction troubles, thyroid dysfunction, perturbances of vitamins availability and nutritional effects. Most of the impacts of nitrates and nitrites are now well known, but their cellular of molecular action is not clear, and as a result there is a suspicion in regard to these products very widely present in food. PMID- 7020547 TI - A routine for the control of the performance of microscopists evaluating airborne asbestos fibre samples on membrane filters by phase contrast microscopy. PMID- 7020548 TI - Honored by ASCO. Charles D. Kelman, MD. PMID- 7020549 TI - Review: contact lens in practice. PMID- 7020550 TI - Exogenous Nocardia asteroides endophthalmitis associated with malignant glaucoma. AB - A 42-year-old man sustained a penetrating corneal wound with a soil-contaminated wire and developed Nocardia asteroides endophthalmitis. A month delay in diagnosis occurred while topical and systemic steroids were prescribed for persistent anterior uveitis, but the diagnosis was finally established by separate aqueous and vitreous aspirates. The patient's course was complicated by a form of malignant glaucoma that was relieved by vitreous aspiration and reformation of the anterior chamber. Surgical intervention, followed by intensive topical and systemic sulfonamide therapy, has resulted in potential visual improvement. PMID- 7020551 TI - Potential side effects of timolol therapy in the treatment of glaucoma. AB - The literature concerning the clinical and pharmacologic studies of systemically administered timolol in 2233 patients was reviewed. Side effects reported were correlated with dosage levels and estimated plasma levels. Most adverse effects occurred with levels much higher than would be expected after the topical use of timolol to control glaucoma. The table of potential complications and adverse effects seen with the use of systemic timolol is meant to focus attention on expected and unexpected side effects. All could occur and should be looked for with the topical use of this drug. The goal of this paper is to define better what physicians should look for in evaluating the clinical safety of this drug and what can be realistically expected to be seen as the use of this drug becomes more widespread. PMID- 7020552 TI - Ocular complications in high-dose chemoradiotherapy and marrow transplantation. AB - Patients who have received marrow transplants and total body irradiation with different forms of chemotherapy should be routinely watched by an ophthalmology service because of the high incidence of dry eye syndrome, viral keratitis, and trophic disturbances of the cornea. Herpes simplex keratitis must be strongly suspected in bizarre corneal findings associated with geographic epithelial denudement accompanying acute GVHD. Acute GVH ocular syndrome warrants clinical recognition when, in the course of severe GVHD, the eyes reveal keratoconjunctivitis with associated herpes simplex infections of the cornea, later to show chronic problems of severe drying conjunctival and corneal scarring compatible with Stevens-Johnson syndrome. PMID- 7020553 TI - Variation of technique of episcleral sponge placement: effect on scleral indentation for retinal detachment repair. AB - Seventy-eight 5 mm silicone sponges were sutured to autopsy eyes using various techniques, and resulting scleral indentation was compared to a control series. Indentation was decreased by suture separation narrower or wider than 8 mm, short suture passage, loose sutures, high intraocular pressure, and partial thickness sponges. Increased indentation resulted from excessively tight sutures and low intraocular pressure. No change was produced by variation of sponge stretch or lengthening scleral suture passage. Lateral adjustability of sponge position was gained when wide suture separation was used. PMID- 7020554 TI - [Malignant tumors and pregnancy. Biological and clinical aspects]. PMID- 7020555 TI - [Immunopathology of dermatitis herpetiformis and bullous pemphigoid (author's transl)]. AB - Dermatitis herpetiformis and bullous pemphigoid are similar enough clinically to have been considered for some time as two forms of the same disease. Their histologic and ultrastructural characteristics are a more accurate mean of differenciation: employed essentially with respect to early lesions and the mode of bullous formation. But immunologic analysis is especially helpful in distinguishing the two. This study involves the analysis of acquired data concerning these two entities: 1) The nature, form, and topography of immunoglobulin and complement deposits examined under the light microscope and by immuno-electron microscopy methods. 2) Other modifications of he immunologic status of affected subjects. 3) The supposed nature of causative antigens. 4) The suggested pathogenic mechanisms. There exist discrepancies in the information at hand concerning these domains: the most important number of latest data relate to DH and notably: - The relationship between DH and gluten sensitive enteropathy for which are considered the clinical, histologic, immunologic characteristics and the relationship of this enteropathy with celiac sprue disease, the role of a gluten free diet on skin lesions and immune deposits. - The relationship between DH and specific histocompatible antigens. The data has revealed some important perspectives on the pathogenesis of these bullous skin lesions. PMID- 7020556 TI - [Mastocytosis evolving into anetoderma. Review of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - The authors reviewed the literature of cases of mastocytosis with either anetoderma or pseudo-pelade. They studied the different substances in the secretions of mastocytes which could have an effect on collagen and elastic fibres. They supported the theory that there is a susceptible connective tissue. They stressed the underestimation of these associated features of mastocytosis. PMID- 7020557 TI - [Epidemiological survey in a natural focus of Rickettsia transmitted by Ixodes ricinus in Switzerland (author's transl)]. AB - A spotted fever group Rickettsia referred to as "Swiss agent" was detected in 8.5% of Ixodes ricinus collected in a marshy forest of the Swiss plateau. This organism, in its tick vector, was found to be transmitted stadially as well as ovarially; of 433 larval, nymphal or adult ticks from 17 parental tick females, all were infected. A total of 3,612 larval I. ricinus were collected from 168 small mammals including 127 Clethrionomys glareolus, 29 Apodemus sylvaticus and flavicolis, 7 Microtus agrestis, and 5 Sorex araneus from the same forest. 143 sera were obtained from these rodents: 114 (82%) had microagglutinating antibodies to the "Swiss agent". PMID- 7020558 TI - [Migrations of microfilariae and oceanic peoples. An approach to speciation in Bancrofti and Malayan filariae, by the study of the periodicity of microfilariae as a function of density; contribution to the prehistory of the Pacific area]. PMID- 7020559 TI - [Constitutional aplastic pancytopenia in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020560 TI - Attempt to suppress immunity in rabbits immunized against Eimeria intestinalis. PMID- 7020561 TI - [Nerve regeneration. Experimental study in dog. Three techniques for nerve suture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020562 TI - Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in insulin tests before and after vagotomy for duodenal ulcer. AB - One hundred preoperative insulin tests and 165 tests one to three years after parietal cell vagotomy were analysed with regard to inhibition of gastric acid secretion by insulin. With an insulin dose of 0.2 IU/kg inhibition was seen in about one third of the tests. The lowest value and the reduction of blood sugar concentration were similar regardless of whether the test revealed inhibition or not. A late positive response was just as common in tests with and without inhibition, but there were significantly fewer early positive responses in tests showing inhibition. Basal acid output and insulin-stimulated peak acid output were similar in preoperative tests with and without inhibition, but in postoperative tests both acid secretion values were lower if inhibition was present. Although inhibition may be independent of the vagus nerve, it can modify the test response and should probably be taken into account when evaluating the clinical significance of the insulin test result. PMID- 7020563 TI - Failure to induce reactive hypoglycaemia by drinking a starch-based alcohol beverage (sorghum beer). AB - Alcohol is a well-recognised cause of fasting hypoglycaemia but may also provoked reactive hypoglycaemia when drunk together with a carbohydratee mixer. In this study the ability of sorghum beer (an 'in-built' alcohol-starch beverage widely enjoyed in Southern Africa) to induce reactive hypoglycaemia was compared with "gin and tonic' in eight non-obese health African men. After an overnight fast, each subject drank, in random sequence on their different occasions, 2 litres of sorghum beer (carbohydrat content approximately 5% and alcohol concentration 2.24 g/dl-2.8% v/v), the same volume of a control solution providing a similar carbohydrate load, or a gin and standard tonic water mixture. No evidence of reactive hypoglycaemia was apparent during the 5 hours after the beginning of the sorghum beer tolerance tests, despite a mean peak blood alcohol level reaching 80 mg/dl. both the peak and total plasma insulin responses were significantly reduced (p less than or equal to 0.05) when compared to the brisk responses elicited by the carbohydrate solution alone and the gin and tonic drinks, with consequent hypoglycaemia. These data suggest that African home-brews are not potent causes of reactive hypoglycaemia, although they may be implicated in the development of ethanol-induced hypoglycaemia in the fasting state. PMID- 7020564 TI - A sensitive, specific, solid-phase enzymeimmunoassay for plasma progesterone. AB - A homologous enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) for plasma progesterone, using a horseradish peroxidase conjugate as enzyme label and an antiserum raised against a progesterone-11 kappa-hemisuccinyl/BSA conjugate, is described. The antiserum was covalently linked to microcrystalline cellulose to facilitate separation of bound and free steroid; this solid-phase antiserum was stable for at least nine months when stored at 4 degrees C. the freeze-dried enzyme label is also stable, having retained both enzymic and immunological activity for about four years. The EIA developed was specific and had the sensitivity (4.8 pg/tube) required for determining progesterone concentrations in in plasma samples collected at any time during the menstrual cycle. EIA of plasma samples provided results which were in good agreement with a well validated radioimmunoassay (RIA). The specificity and inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation in the EIA were strictly comparable with those of the RIA. The method described has been in use for two years and has been assessed in external quality assurance programme established by the World Health organization and the United Kingdom Department of Health and Social Security. PMID- 7020565 TI - Sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay for serum ferritin on microtitre plates. AB - A solid-phase sandwich enzyme immunoassay for serum ferritin is described. The assay procedure was simple, showed good precision, and was suitable for the routine determination of serum ferritin concentration in a clinical laboratory. The assay compared well with a conventional radioimmunoassay for ferritin. The assay was extremely sensitive and had a detection limit of 2.2pg. PMID- 7020568 TI - [Anaemia following BCG infection in mice: need for presence of thymodependent lymphocytes (author's transl)]. AB - An anaemia and a decreased number of erythroid bone marrow cells were observed on the first weeks following the intravenous injection of 1 mg of BCG into normal mice. No such modification of erythropoiesis was detected in Nude mice. The graft of thymus from new born mice to Nude adults before BCG infection allowed to obtain a drop of packed-cell volume. In previously infected Nude mice, the injection of spleen cells providing from infected normal mice also modified the erythropoiesis. This effect was lost by pretreatment of injected spleen cells with anti-theta serum and complement. Thus, the conditions necessary to the development of the anaemia during BCG infection correlated with the conditions which allowed an immune response against infection. PMID- 7020567 TI - Metabolic and hormonal response to chronic maternal fasting in the ewe. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the metabolic adaptations of the fetus during maternal starvation and to determine the changes of plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations in the fed state and during severe maternal fasting in the chronic fetal sheep preparation. Maternal fasting resulted in a decrease in maternal and fetal plasma glucose as well as a decrease in fetal plasma fructose. Fetal-maternal arterial urea concentration differences increased with maternal fasting, suggesting increased fetal amino acid catabolism. Both maternal anf fetal plasma insulin decreased parallel to the decrease in plasma glucose concentration. Maternal glucagon did not change significantly during fasting and with a short-term fast there was no change in fetal glucagon concentration. However, by 6 days of fasting, the fetal glucagon concentration tended to increase. PMID- 7020566 TI - Control of lipolysis in triglyceride-enriched rat hearts. AB - Hormonal and metabolic regulation of endogenous triglyceride hydrolysis was studied in triglyceride-enriched hearts obtained from rats fed 3 days with a trierucate-rich diet. Endogenous lipolysis was determined by measuring glycerol release during in vitro perfusion of the hearts. It appeared that there was a direct relation between the contractile state of the heart, the rate of glycerol release in the coronary effluent and the Ca2+ concentration in the perfusion medium. During Ca2+-free perfusion, 2,4-dinitrophenol stimulated oleate oxidation and this, as well as the addition of 2 x 10(-7) M glucagon, induced a marked stimulation of lipolysis. Insulin did not affect glucagon- and norepinphrine stimulated lipolysis during substrate-free perfusion. The presented experiments point out that in lipid-enriched rat hearts the activity of the tissue lipase may be controlled by the rate of beta-oxidation and re-esterification of the liberated fatty acid, as well as by a shift to utilization of carbohydrate instead of fatty acids for energy supply. PMID- 7020569 TI - Antistreptococcal group A antibodies: production after in vitro activation and hybridization of mouse spleen cells. AB - Streptococcal group A polysaccharide-specific antibodies were raised by the method of somatic cell hybridization. Spleen cells of experimentally unprimed BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were activated in vitro by the streptococcal vaccine and fused with the Sp2/0-Ag14 line at times o, 35, 70, and 105 h thereafter. Hybridomas were obtained at all times independent of the addition of thymocyte conditioned medium. Occurrence of specific hybridomas for the T cell-dependent A CHO, however, required activation for greater than 35 h. Low responder C57BL/6 splenocytes fused at considerably higher fusion efficiency to yield specific hybridomas than high responder spleen cells 105 h after activation by antigen. The isotypes of A-CHO-specific antibodies comprised predominantly mu and kappa polypeptides; however, gamma 3, alpha, and gamma polypeptide chains were also identified. All specific antibodies were agglutinating the group A streptococcal cells; this agglutination was fully inhibited by the addition of 1% N-acetyl-D glucosamine, the immune determinant sugar of the A-CHO. Three hybridomas obtained by fusion of BALB/c splenocytes 105 h after activation were cloned and grown as tumours in the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice. The monoclonal antibodies in the ascites did not precipitate the A-CHO but continued to agglutinate group A streptococcal cells in a hapten inhibitable fashion with different specificity profiles. Antibody from clone 21S36.1 was coprecipitable upon addition of A-CHO with a gamma G3 monoclonal hybridoma-derived antibody in a ratio of 1/7 while the other two monoclonal gamma M antibodies and the S117 myeloma protein were not. The result suggests that antibody 21S36.1 recognizes one chain terminal determinant of the A-CHO. PMID- 7020570 TI - Enzymes under extremes of physical conditions. PMID- 7020571 TI - Viroid structure. PMID- 7020572 TI - Low temperature electron microscopy. PMID- 7020573 TI - Applications of 13C NMR to metabolic studies. AB - It is our view that the above examples, most of which have been published in the last two years, represent the beginnings of a new field and that in spite of major problems in instrumentation and programming, the essential feasibility of using enriched 13C substrates for metabolic processes as a noninvasive technique has been firmly established. With the caveat that a rigorous protocol for signal assignment must be devised, we can look forward to many applications of this method in a wide range of biological systems. PMID- 7020574 TI - Transfer RNA: From photophysics to photobiology. PMID- 7020575 TI - Use of immobilized cells. PMID- 7020576 TI - In situ electrophoresis of membrane components. PMID- 7020577 TI - Interacting phospholipid bilayers: measured forces and induced structural changes. PMID- 7020578 TI - Photophysics of light transduction in rhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin. PMID- 7020579 TI - Nucleotide conformational analysis by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 7020580 TI - Quasi-elastic light scattering applications in biochemistry and biology. PMID- 7020581 TI - Resonance X-ray scattering: its use in determining spatial relationships among metal atoms within macromolecules in a non-crystalline state. PMID- 7020582 TI - Effect of protein-solvent interactions on protein conformation. PMID- 7020583 TI - Heavy charged particle radiotherapy. PMID- 7020584 TI - Three-dimensional electron microscopy. PMID- 7020585 TI - The interaction of intercalating drugs with nucleic acids. PMID- 7020586 TI - Chemotherapy of filariasis. PMID- 7020587 TI - Malaria. PMID- 7020588 TI - induction and derepression of arginase and ornithine transaminase in different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The syntheses of arginase and ornithine transaminase were studied in two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, viz. strain B and strain alpha-sigma 1278b. Derepression of both enzymes during nitrogen starvation was shown only by strain B, non-specific induction of arginase only by strain alpha-sigma 1278b. This different response of both strains studied reveals substantial differences in the regulation of enzyme synthesis among yeast strains of one and the same species. The specific enzyme activities observed in chemostat cultures with arginine as the nitrogen source and different sugars, at variable carbon to nitrogen ratios, did not indicate the involvement of carbon catabolite repression in the regulation of arginase and ornithine transaminase syntheses. Specific arginase activities observed in the continuous cultures varied widely and did not show a correlation with the intracellular arginine concentration. Extracellular steady state arginine concentrations higher than about 1.0 mM, in addition to abundant energy supply, were found to be required for high production of arginase. It is suggested that, besides intracellular arginine, extracellular arginine may provide an induction signal necessary for full-scale induction of arginase synthesis. A possible intermediary role of arginine permeases or of other membrane proteins is discussed. PMID- 7020589 TI - Virulence of Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine of patients with acute cystitis and from faeces of healthy women. AB - E. coli strains were isolated from the urine of patients with acute cystitis in general practice and from the faeces of a comparable reference group of healthy individuals. These strains were serotyped and tested for virulence in an experimental mouse model. Of 30 cystitis-strains 18 were virulent, and of 30 faeces-strains 15 were virulent. It is concluded that the cystitis-strains were not more often virulent than the faeces-strains. O antigens commonly found among urinary E. coli isolates were present in 60% of the cystitis-strains and in 37% of the faeces-strains. K antigens commonly found in urinary E. coli strains were present in 33% of the cystitis-strains and in 12% of the faeces-strains. Neither the presence of common urinary O-antigens, nor the presence of common urinary K antigens could be associated with virulence of the isolated strains. However, it is suggested that certain O and K antigens (O2,O6, K23) may be associated with virulence for the urinary tract. PMID- 7020590 TI - Effect of solar radiation and predacious microorganisms on survival of fecal and other bacteria. AB - The effect of solar radiation and predacious microorganisms on the survival of bacteria of fecal and plant origin was studied. The decline in the numbers of Escherichia coli cells in estuarine water samples was found to be significantly greater in the presence of both naturally occurring microbial predators and solar radiation than when each of these factors was acting independently. The effect of solar radiation on microbial predators was negligible, whereas the susceptibility of bacteria to light-induced decay varied from one organism to another, as follows: Klebsiella pneumoniae greater than E. coli greater than Salmonella typhimurium, Streptococcus faecium, Enterobacter aerogenes, Erwinia herbicola. PMID- 7020591 TI - Impact of verification media and resuscitation on accuracy of the membrane filter total coliform enumeration technique. AB - Verification of membrane filter total coliform colonies was compared in lauryl tryptose broth, and m-LAC broth primary media and brilliant green-lactose-bile broth and EC broth secondary media. Verification in m-LAC broth yielded the greatest number of aerogenic isolates for both untreated surface water and drinking water samples. Verification in brilliant green-lactose-bile broth increased the number of false-negative reactions. At least 90% of the isolates aerogenic in primary verification media and anaerogenic in brilliant green lactose-bile broth were representative of the coliform genera. The addition of a resuscitation step in the membrane filter technique did not yield greater numbers of verified coliforms per sample. Verification of both typical and atypical colonies in m-LAC broth resulted in a 10-fold increase in coliform numbers from untreated surface water. With drinking water, verification of both colony types resulted in an increase from less than 1 coliform per 100 ml to greater than 1/100 ml. A single-step verification in m-LAC broth is proposed as a more rapid and sensitive coliform verification procedure than the standard technique. PMID- 7020592 TI - Membrane filter method for enumerating Escherichia coli. AB - A membrane filter procedure for enumerating Escherichia coli was developed and evaluated. The method quantifies E. coli within 24 h without requiring subculture and identification of isolates. It incorporates a primary selective-differential medium for gram-negative, lactose-fermenting bacteria; resuscitation of weakened organisms by incubation for 2 h at 35 degrees C before incubation at 44.5 degrees C for 18 to 22 h; and an in situ urease test to differentiate E. coli from other thermotolerant, lactose-positive organisms. The recovery of E. coli from marine, estuarine, and freshwater samples exceeded 90%. Of the presumptively positive colonies, 91% were verified as E. coli. Less than 1% of all of the verified E. coli colonies failed to react typically. PMID- 7020593 TI - Combined effect of acetate and reduced water activity in survival of Salmonella typhimurium 7136. AB - Whereas Salmonella typhimurium 7136 will not grow at reduced water activity (aw), it was survival in such items as intermediate-moisture foods is of interest. Initial studies demonstrated that the addition of 0.3 M acetate (pH 4.7) to glycerol-Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems) solutions (aw 0.86) reduced the viability of S. typhimurium cells. The extent of death of cells exposed to reduced aw was increased by decreasing the pH or increasing the concentration of acetate. Acidification of glycerol-Trypticase soy broth reduced the D40 degrees C value exhibited by cells exposed to a range of aw solutions (0.65 to 0.92). Acetate appeared to affect survival more dramatically as aw values approached the minimum growth limit. Acidification with acetate also reduced cell survival in a variety of humectant solutions with an aw of 0.86 (glycerol, dextrose, and NaCl). PMID- 7020594 TI - Isolation of Legionella pneumophilia from cooling tower water by filtration. AB - Methods are described for detection of Legionella pneumophila in cooling tower water or other water sources by direct fluorescent-antibody staining. A procedure for isolation of Legionella bacteria from water samples by guinea pig inoculation is described. Two different serogroups of L. pneumophila were isolated repeatedly from one of the cooling towers. PMID- 7020595 TI - Particle size of airborn Cryptococcus neoformans in a tower. AB - Nearly 10(6) cells of Cryptococcus neoformans were cultured per g of pigeon droppings in a vacant tower. The air in the tower contained an average of 45 viable cells of C. neoformans per 100 liters: 60% of the cells were less than 4.7 micron in diameter. It is estimated that a human exposed to this atmosphere for 1 h would have 41 cells of c. neoformans deposited in the lungs. Sweeping resulted in the aerosolization of large numbers of cells of C. neoformans from 4.7 to 11 micron in diameter, the number of cells less than 4.7 micron remained relatively constant. One minute after sweeping, 4.4% of viable airborne cells of C. neoformans were less than 1.1 micron in diameter. We believe that this is the first report of isolating such small cells of C. neoformans from a natural site. PMID- 7020596 TI - Modification of the standard most-probable-number procedure for fecal coliform bacteria in seawater and shellfish. AB - To determine whether or not presumptive tubes which take 48 h to become positive need to be transferred to EC medium during the fecal coliform multitube most probable-number procedure, 572 seawater and shellfish samples were considered. When the 24-hour positive tubes alone were transferred to EC, it appeared that incorrect dilution data would be rare. PMID- 7020598 TI - Filtering out food debris before microbiological analysis. AB - Sterile disposable pipette "filter tips" capped with polyethylene mesh (111 microgram pore size) removed bothersome debris from food suspensions before microbiological analysis. A study comprising 576 analyses of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in lean and regular ground beef, chicken, chedder and mozzarella cheeses, green and lima beans, rhubarb, and beef and turkey pot pies, showed that these filter tips did not reduce bacterial recovery. PMID- 7020597 TI - Enteropathogenic bacteria in frozen chicken. AB - Eighty-two samples of frozen chicken from retail stores were examined for the presence of Campylobacter, Yersinia enterocolitica, and salmonellae. Aerobic plate counts and numbers of coliform bacteria at 37 degrees C were determined. Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni was found in 22% of the samples, Y. enterocolitica was found in 24.5% and Salmonella typhimurium was found in one sample (1.2%). The isolated strains of Y. enterocolitica belonged to serotypes 4, 5b, 6, and 8. Aerobic plate counts and numbers of coliform bacteria at 37 degrees C were not found to be noticeably higher in samples containing pathogens than in pathogen-free samples. This investigation showed that chicken does contain other pathogenic bacteria than salmonellae. Campylobacter and Y. enterocolitica were isolated in much higher frequencies than Salmonella. PMID- 7020599 TI - [Aesculapius or Prometheus: mutations of medicine from thaumaturgy to demiurge]. PMID- 7020600 TI - Methylgloxal: enzyme distributions relative to its presence in Douglas-fir needles and absence in Douglas-fir needle callus. PMID- 7020601 TI - Effect of ammonia and amino acids on urate synthesis by chicken hepatocytes. PMID- 7020602 TI - Metabolic requirements for deactivation of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated rat adipocytes. PMID- 7020603 TI - Characterization of a calcium-activated protease that hydrolyzes a microtubule associated protein. PMID- 7020604 TI - IF-3 crosslinking to Escherichia coli ribosomal 30 S subunits by three different light-dependent procedures: identification of 30 S proteins crosslinked to IF-3- utilization of a new two-stage crosslinking reagent, p-nitrobenzylmaleimide. PMID- 7020605 TI - Historical note: Koebner on the isomorphic phenomenon. PMID- 7020606 TI - Donald Marion Pillsbury 1902-1980. PMID- 7020607 TI - Herpes gestationis in association with a hydatidiform mole. Immunopathologic studies. PMID- 7020608 TI - Positive pressure ventilation and cranial volume in newborn infants. AB - The relationship between changes in airways pressure, pleural pressure, and cranial volume was studied in a group of sick newborn infants requiring ventilatory assistance. Cranial volume increased appreciably only when lung compliance was such that more than 20% of the applied airways pressure was transmitted to the pleural space, or if the absolute pleural pressure was greater than 4 cmH2O above atmospheric pressure. The findings stress the need for more critical monitoring during periods of rapid change in lung compliance. PMID- 7020609 TI - Immunisation with a polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine. Effect of respiratory mortality in children living in the New Guinea highlands. AB - In Tari, in the southern highlands of Papua New Guinea, each child experienced, on average, two acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) between birth and age 5 years. The yearly mortality rate from ALRTI was 30 per 1000 in infants, and 4 per 1000 in children aged between 1 and 4 years. A double-blind trial of a 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine was carried out on 871 children from this community who were aged between 6 months and 5 years. Morbidity from ALRTI was lower (by 37%) in children given the vaccine provided they were at least 17 months of age at the time of immunisation. There were 8 deaths from ALRTI in the placebo group, but only 1 death in the vaccine group. PMID- 7020610 TI - X-linked mental retardation. PMID- 7020611 TI - Cardiovascular risk factors in childhood. PMID- 7020612 TI - Azathioprine in rheumatoid arthritis: double-blind study of full versus half doses versus placebo. AB - To test whether azathioprine in effective in rheumatoid arthritis in doses smaller than those normally used the drug was tested at 2 dosage levels, 2.5 and 1.25 mg/kg/day (2.5 AZ and 1.25 AZ), against placebo under double-blind conditions over 24 weeks. Dropouts were 7 out of 15 in the 2.5 AZ group, 4 out of 14 in the 1.25 AZ group, and 2 out of 13 in the placebo group. Some significant improvement occurred in all 3 groups, including those on placebo. However, the 2.5 AZ group fared significantly better than the placebo group, while the 1.25 AZ group results tended to fall between the other 2 groups. We conclude that, in order to obtain the reported effectiveness of azathioprine in rheumatoid arthritis, it is necessary to start treatment with 2.5 mg/kg/day. Halving this dosage reduces the effectiveness of the drug. PMID- 7020613 TI - Synovial histopathology of behcet's syndrome. AB - Synovial tissue obtained from 7 patients with Behcet's syndrome and 7 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis could not be distinguished under ordinary light microscopy when examined blind. A wide spectrum of features was seen in both diseases, and it is suggested that these may reflect severity and duration as much as the nature of the arthritis. Electron microscopy also failed to illustrate any distinct features of Behcet's syndrome, but immunofluorescent studies indicated consistent deposition of IgG. PMID- 7020614 TI - Inflammatory synovial tissue mononuclear cells release leucocyte migration inhibition factor in antigen- and mitogen-free cultures. AB - The presence of leucocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF) in supernatants from apparently antigen- and mitogen-free cultures of mononuclear cells (MNC) was studied. MNC were eluted from inflamed synovial tissue or isolated from blood. Untreated supernatants, supernatants in which any LIF had been inactivated, and culture medium were compared in their ability to affect the migration of homologous polymorphonuclear leucocytes. LIF was released by synovial tissue MNC from all of the 9 patients studied, consisting of 5 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 2 with psoriatic arthropathy, and 2 with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Blood MNC of the patients and of 8 healthy blood donors did not release LIF. When synovial tissue MNC supernatants from 2 patients were examined, LIF activity increased as time of incubation was extended. In at least 2 synovial tissue MNC supernatants in which LIF had been inactivated a migration enhancement activity was revealed. PMID- 7020615 TI - Search for cross-reactivity between HLA B27 and Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - HLA B27 is associated with a number of forms of arthritis, including ankylosing spondylitis. It has been suggested that the disease is caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and that the bacterium evokes an odd immune response because it cross reacts with HLA B27. This proposed cross-reactivity was investigated in a number of ways. The results consistently failed to confirm evidence from cross reaction, even in antisera with activity against both HLA B27-positive lymphocytes and klebsiella. It is suggested that the anomalous anti-klebsiella response of rabbits immunised with pools of HLA B27-positive leucocytes may be caused by antigenic bacterial fragments on the cells of infected individuals. PMID- 7020616 TI - J. Maxwell Chamberlain, 1906-1968. PMID- 7020617 TI - Prospective evaluation of aspiration needle, cutting needle, transbronchial, and open lung biopsy in patients with pulmonary infiltrates. AB - Twenty consecutive patients with pulmonary infiltrates undiagnosed by routine, noninvasive methods were entered into a prospective study designed to evaluate the diagnostic yield of four methods of lung biopsy. Percutaneous aspiration needle, cutting needle, transbronchial, and open (anterior thoracotomy) biopsy were performed synchronously on all patients. Specimens were evaluated by microbiological, virological, and pathological methods. The diagnostic yields of the four methods were as follows: aspiration needle, 29%; cutting needle, 53%; transbronchial, 59%; and open lung biopsy, 94%. Open lung biopsy was significantly better in yielding a diagnosis than aspiration needle (p less than 0.001), cutting needle (p less than 0.001), and transbronchial biopsy (p less than 0.04). PMID- 7020618 TI - Surgical treatment of the ruptured aneurysm of the aortic sinuses. AB - Over the past 11 years, 51 patients (36 male, 15 female) underwent operation to correct ruptured sinus of Valsalva at the Shanghai Chest Hospital. Associated lesions were present in 36 patients. All patients had cardiac enlargement, pulmonary plethora, and prominence of the main pulmonary arterial trunk. Preoperative arterial pressure averaged 135/46 mm Hg (range, 200-96/95-0 mm Hg). At operation the cardiac chamber into which the ruptured aneurysm emptied was opened. The projecting aneurysmal sac was resected at its base, leaving a fringe of 2 to 3 mm for suturing. A double-layer suture closure was used, first a row of figure-of-eight sutures, followed by a row of buttressed mattress sutures. Forty five patients survived operation; 6 died shortly after operation, a perioperative mortality of 11.8%. Follow-up averaged 4 to 8 months. Thirty-eight patients were symptom free and working; 7 had returned to part-time work. There were no late deaths. A grade II systolic murmur persists in 2 patients, and in 1 of them a loud continuous murmur and thrill were both noted. All patients who survived have shown remarkable reduction in cardiothoracic ratio and improvement in symptoms. These results justify early surgical intervention. PMID- 7020619 TI - Simultaneous correction of aortic coarctation and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. PMID- 7020620 TI - Reconstruction of the chest wall. AB - Reconstruction of the chest wall can now be accomplished reliably and expeditiously. Past experience with local flaps and split-thickness skin grafts recommends their continued use when appropriate. Recent studies in blood flow have demonstrated that very large muscles with or without the overlying skin can be moved primarily and reliably. The four most reliable myocutaneous flaps for chest wall reconstruction are described. Microsurgery allows movement of large segments of skin and muscle from expendable areas of the body to the chest wall. PMID- 7020621 TI - Prevention of "strut-snagging" during mitral valve replacement with stented tissue valves. PMID- 7020622 TI - "Classics" and total pneumonectomy. PMID- 7020623 TI - Decreased bleeding with PEEP. PMID- 7020624 TI - Ultrastructural localization of the maltose-binding protein within the cell envelope of Escherichia coli. AB - Logarithmically growing cells of Escherichia coli were fixed with glutaraldehyde and incubated with antimaltose-binding protein Fab coupled to horseradish peroxide (molecular weight of the complex 80,000). The position of this complex within the cell envelope was determined by reacting with diaminobenzidine-H2O2, staining with osmium tetroxide and processing for thin section electron microscopy. The following observations were made: (i) induction of the maltose binding protein resulted in swelling and staining of the outer membrane; (ii) the swelling and staining was more prominent in short cells, less prominent or absent in long cells; (iii) rare examples exhibited granular staining in the space between the plasma membrane and the peptidoglycan layer. These stainings were observable mainly in pole caps; (iv) a mutant lacking the receptor for phage lambda showed altered staining pattern. Treatment of glutaraldehyde-fixed cells with EDTA-lysozyme prevented the specific labelling of the maltose-binding protein. PMID- 7020625 TI - [Corticoids and bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7020626 TI - [Frontal and motor brain, according to Luria. Its pathology, syndromes and forms of aphasia. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020627 TI - [Non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma in children. Practical aspects]. PMID- 7020628 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies and flow microfluorometry. Decisive progress in the study of markers of normal and cancer cells]. PMID- 7020629 TI - [Cardiac complications of chemotherapy and radiotherapy]. PMID- 7020630 TI - Immunohistochemistry of invasion in threedimensional culture. AB - Phagocytosis of material from the host tissue by invading malignant cells is suspected from the presence of vacuoles containing unidentified debris. Experiments with 51Cr-labeled host tissues in vitro support the role of phagocytosis during invasion. Using the unlabeled antibody enzyme method material from embryonic chick heart inside invading MO4 cells, HeLa cells and B 16 melanoma cells in threedimensional cultures is stained with a rabbit antiserum against embryonic chick heart. These observations show that phagocytosis by invading cells in vitro is at least partly responsible for the disappearance of the host tissue. PMID- 7020631 TI - [Warsaw field hospitals during the November Uprising. II. The Governor General and the hospitals]. PMID- 7020632 TI - [Health care demands of the working class during the 1905-1907 revolution]. PMID- 7020633 TI - [Miners' and metallurgists' fellowship funds in the Dabrowa Gornicza Basin]. PMID- 7020634 TI - [Epidemic louse-borne typhus in Sebastian Petrycy's and Sebastian Sleszkowski's works in the 1st half of the 18th century]. PMID- 7020635 TI - [Practice of veterinary medicine among Szczecin physicians in the 18th and 19th centuries]. PMID- 7020636 TI - [Miscellanea in the Warsaw press about the health service during the November Uprising]. PMID- 7020637 TI - [Portrait of Adam Wrzosek (1875-1965)]. PMID- 7020638 TI - [Profiles of prominent physicians in Kielce from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries]. PMID- 7020639 TI - [Dr. Szczepan Wacek - physician, soldier, patriot]. PMID- 7020642 TI - [Erich Sternberg 1903-1980]. PMID- 7020640 TI - First clinical experience with heterologous cancellous bone grafting combined with the fibrin adhesive system (F.A.S.). AB - Heterologous bone grafts are mostly refused for bone transplantation because of the low osteogenic potency. The remodelling of the heterografts can be improved significantly by application of a fibrin-adhesive-system. Between 1977 and 1979 thirty-five bone defects caused by bone tumors resp. seven times by osteomyelitis were operated on and closed with cancellous Kiel-bone grafts (Braun, Melsungen) soaked thoroughly with fibrin-glue (Tissel/Tissucol TM, Immuno AG, Vienna). Postoperatively there were two infections, but none of them in our osteomyelitic cases. After an average follow-up period of 24.6 months (15-36), the highly satisfying, preliminary results were exactly analysed. Despite the relatively short postoperative time, in almost all cases the complete remodelling of the heterografts into new bone tissue could be observed. A formula to calculate the amount of fibrin-glue, necessary for the procedure, is given. PMID- 7020641 TI - Intravital, long-term follow-up of autologous experimental bone grafts. AB - Using a vital microscopic method, it has been possible to follow the vascular changes and bone remodelling in the same bone graft from the time of transplantation till one year afterwards. Grafts which received their first vessel early (5-9 days after grafting) contained vital bone and a vivid blood circulation one year after transplantation. Grafts which received their first vessel late (17-29 days after grafting) were only partly revascularized after one year and contained islands of dead bone. Minimal surgical trauma to both graft and the host bed is important for early revascularization of the graft, and, therefore, also contributes to a more complete incorporation of the graft. PMID- 7020643 TI - Postoperative atelectasis: Intermittent positive pressure breathing, incentive spirometry, and face-mask positive end-expiratory pressure. AB - Postoperative atelectasis has been treated with inspiratory maneuvers in an attempt to increase functional residual capacity. We compared the effect of intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB), incentive spirometry, and 5-cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) applied with a face mask on the transpulmonary pressure (PL) at the end of expiration of eight patients 24 to 34 hours after aortocoronary bypass graft insertion. Intermittent positive pressure breathing and PEEP increased expiratory PL during therapy. After IPPB, expiratory PL fell below control values and then returned toward, but did not reach, control values After PEEP was discontinued, expiratory PL returned to control values within the next 30 minutes. The results suggest that face-mask PEEP will increase functional residual capacity, that incentive spirometry has little or effect, and that IPPB may decrease lung volume after treatment. PMID- 7020644 TI - Intraoperative culturing during surgery for acute appendicitis. AB - Consecutive records of 608 patients who underwent appendectomy for suspected acute appendicitis were retrospectively analyzed to evaluated the necessity and usefulness of intraoperative cultures. There were no operative deaths and postoperative infectious morbidity was 6.4%. Positive cultures were only weakly predictive of postoperative infection. Culture results did not influence selection of antibiotics. Routine intraoperative culturing during appendectomy is costly and unnecessary, except in patients at high risk. PMID- 7020645 TI - Vaginal evisceration. A case report and brief review of the literature. AB - A 70-year-old woman was successfully treated for spontaneous vaginal evisceration, with extensive infarction of small intestine, by an abdominal and vaginal approach. Vaginal evisceration is a rare condition. It usually occurs in postmenopausal women after one or more vaginal operations and in the presence of an enterocele or other local abnormalities that contribute to tissue weakness. Prompt recognition and surgical treatment, combining abdominal and vaginal approaches as indicated, and use of ancillary antibiotics and anticoagulant regimens is associated with successful outcome in most instances. PMID- 7020646 TI - Delivery of surgical health care in the United States. AB - In the past, a surgeon's primary interest concerned the art and science of surgery. Socioeconomic issues affecting surgical practice were only of minor importance. Consequently, little of the overall research into the delivery system of surgical health care has been conducted by the surgeon. In addition, since many of these investigations are ultimately published in journals not read by the surgeon it has been difficult if not impossible for the active practitioner to be aware of current thoughts and changing concepts in surgical health-services research. In this report, I discuss the major articles that have begun to analyze issues in this growing and important discipline. It is hoped that such a review will stimulate surgeons to begun taking a more active role in the formulation and conduct of future work into surgical health care delivery. PMID- 7020647 TI - Recertification in surgery, 1980. AB - The first recertification process of the American Board of Surgery was completed in 1980. The process consisted of a review of diplomates' credentials, peer review, a requirement for continuing education in surgery, submission of an operative experience list, and a multiple-choice examination. Of the 478 diplomates who completed the process, 471 were recertified. The mean score for participants in the examination was 82.8% correct. The passing score was 67.2% correct. An analysis of examination scores, correlated with biographic and demographic data, showed that the highest scores were achieved by the younger diplomates and those who indicated that their practice was full-time academic. PMID- 7020648 TI - Use of Hickman right atrial catheter for vascular access in marrow transplant recipients. PMID- 7020649 TI - The lymphatic system. Some surgical considerations. AB - This article on the lymphatics was undertaken for three reasons: The first is to recount the story of the rediscovery of these vessels in the 17th century and briefly review the subsequent events leading up to our present knowledge of the lymphatic system. The second is to emphasize the role of the lymphatics in maintaining extracellular fluid balance, in the removal of protein, fat, and other substances of large molecular size from the tissue spaces, and in the circulation of the lymphocytes from their germinal centers and storage depots to all parts of the body via lymphaticovenous connections. The third reason is to suggest that the responsibility for maintaining the transport function of the lymphatics properly belongs to the vascular surgeon. PMID- 7020650 TI - New strategies in the development of anti-atherosclerotic drugs. AB - The results of several recently completed trials of cardiovascular prevention, by the use of hypolipidemic or anti-platelet compounds, have suggested that new strategies be followed for the development of anti-atherosclerotic drugs. The final outcome of preventive studies with hypolipidemic compounds is markedly influenced by the significance of the achieve hypolipidemia, as well as by the side-effects, some which, i.e. lithogenicity, may be related to the drugs' mechanism of action. Significant differences may, moreover, exist between the findings in animal models and in humans, particularly by clofibrate and related compounds. The evaluation of drugs active on lipoprotein biosynthesis in the gut (metformin), potent enzyme inhibitors (compactin) and with chelating activity (cetaben), is awaited with interest. In the field of drugs affected platelets, a selective sensitivity for the major compounds in different vascular areas has been observed. Aspirin appears to be mostly effective in cerebro-vascular prevention. Agents affecting the thrombin-platelet coagulation interaction, i.e. GYKI 14,451, may offer an interesting opportunity for testing the importance of this pathway in clinical thrombosis. PMID- 7020651 TI - [(Anton Vital'evich Nemilov (1879-1942), his scientific and educational activities (on the centennial of his birth)]. PMID- 7020652 TI - [80th anniversary of Prof. E. I. Tarakanov's birth]. PMID- 7020653 TI - [Embryonal histogenesis of endothelium]. AB - Development of the mammalian vascular system is characterized by recapitulation of many morpho-functional signs peculiar to certain ancestral forms, as well as by certain aromorphous reorganizations reflecting in histogenesis of endothelium. Prior to the period of the common blood circulation in the mammalian embryos, the endothelium is developing within the endomesenchyme constructed by cells of a peculiar - endothelial - germ, but not of the endomesenchymal cells, as numerous investigators consider. The endothelium is developing as a capacitance tissue which presents by itself an epitheliomorphous duplex selective membrane, functionally connected with blood, tissue fluid and lymph in order metabolism and other functions of the organism's cells and tissues can be performed. Increase in cell number and their proendothelial derivatives at pretissue, tissue and hemoendothelial levels and successive union of recapitularities with the same name at the formation of the endothelial vessels add certain essential features to histogenesis of the endothelium and to its normal reactions. Polymerization and union of the recapitularities with the same name are the ways of integration; they are important ingredients of hereditarily determined differentiation. The latter is realized in the development of hemoendothelial offsprings which appear after the common blood circulation is started. The endothelial genesis in its capacitant form is complemented with blood cells incorporated, the means which is subjected to certain essential evolutional reorganizations. In its turn, this results in appearance of the double tissue hemoendothelial complex possessing features of an elementary organ. PMID- 7020654 TI - [Immunomorphologic changes in the testes upon exposure to a microwave electromagnetic field]. AB - The experiments have been performed on 77 mature male rabbits. Light and electron microscopic, as well as immunofluorescent methods have demonstrated that a single local application of superhigh-frequent electromagnetic field of nonthermal intensity to the testes results in structural disturbance and in disorders of permeability of the hemato-testicular barrier, in ultrastructural changes of the tunica propria of the convoluted seminiferous tubules, and is accompanied with the development of auto-immune process in the testes; that causes certain distrophic changes in the spermatogenic epithelium and destruction of sex cells, predominantly those at the latest developmental stages. According to individual sensitivity, 3 groups of the animals have been revealed that variously respond to the damaging effect of the superhigh-frequency electromagnetic field. The damaging effect is produced by two immunologic mechanisms-humoral (antibodies) and cellular (sensitized lymphocytes). PMID- 7020655 TI - [Histogenetic aspect of the problem of regeneration]. PMID- 7020656 TI - [Histophysiology of the endolymphatic sac and its duct in man]. PMID- 7020657 TI - Ophthalmology and philately: IV, Ophthalmologic Congresses.-The 15th International Congress, 1937. PMID- 7020658 TI - The effect of topical clonidine on intraocular pressure. PMID- 7020659 TI - Ophthalmology and philately: IV, Ophthalmologic Congresses.--The 21st International Congress, 1970. PMID- 7020660 TI - Posterior corneal pigmentation and fibrous proliferation by iris melanocytes. AB - Pigmentation of the posterior corneal surface results either from endothelial phagocytosis of free melanin pigment or from the presence of iris melanocytes, iris pigment epithelial cells, or pigment-containing macrophages on the posterior corneal surface. Although this is occasionally seen clinically, it is more often noted at histopathologic evaluation after operative or accidental ocular trauma. Three cases of posterior corneal pigmentation by iris melanocytes are reported. In one case, the pigmented membrane was the major cause of considerable visual impairment and was documented with clinical photographs and specular microscopy. By light and electron microscopy, all three cases were consistent with findings of posterior corneal pigmentation by iris stromal melanocytes that had acquired endothelium-like morphologic characteristics. We also consider the possible contribution of these melanocytes to posterior collagen layers of the cornea. PMID- 7020661 TI - Absence of lymphocyte glucocorticoid hypersensitivity in primary open angle glaucoma. AB - The glucocorticosteroid sensitivity of patients with primary open angle glaucoma and normal patients was determined by the quantity of dexamethasone required to reduce concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte blast transformation to 50% of control values (I50). This was performed under culturing conditions employing both serum free medium and medium supplemented with 10% autologous serum. A comparison of the I50 between normal subjects and those with primary open angle glaucoma did not show a significant difference in steroid sensitivity under either of the two culturing conditions. It is concluded that persons with primary open angle glaucoma do not have a generalized inherited or acquired cellular hypersensitivity to glucocorticoids. PMID- 7020662 TI - Orbital metastasis from prostatic carcinoma. Identification by an immunoperoxidase technique. AB - A patient was seen initially with an orbital tumor causing blindness of the left eye. Although disseminated prostatic carcinoma was found, the origin of the orbital tumor was not established until prostate antigen was demonstrated in biopsy specimens by an immunoperoxidase technique. Orbital metastasis from prostatic carcinoma has been reported in 16 cases. Confirmation of the diagnosis may be difficult and, in the past, has largely been indirect as judged by clinical trial. The immunoperoxidase technique for detecting prostate antigen in tissue sections is both sensitive and specific. Application of this technique resulted in the diagnosis of this technique resulted in the diagnosis of this unusual manifestation of metastatic prostate cancer. The possibility of additional clinical applications of this immunohistochemical technique within the field of ophthalmology is raised. PMID- 7020663 TI - Lymphocyte transformation in presumed ocular histoplasmosis. AB - Lymphocytes from individuals with inactive macular disciform lesions of presumed ocular histoplasmosis challenged with three histoplasmin antigens incorporated tritiated thymidine at a significantly higher rate than histoplasmin-stimulated lymphocytes of matched control and peripheral scar groups. This finding is consistent with the etiologic association of the disciform ocular syndrome and previous systemic infection with Histoplasma capsulatum. The disciform group had a higher mean response than the other two groups to pokeweed mitogen but not to phytohemagglutinin and had higher mean counts per minute to the specific antigens Toxoplasma gondii, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M battery, and M gaus, but not to Candida albicans. These data would suggest that individuals with the disciform lesion of presumed ocular histoplasmosis have a hyperreactive cellular immune response; this response may play an important role in the development of the disciform. PMID- 7020664 TI - Distribution of hemolytic complement in the normal cornea. AB - Hemolytic activities in the central cornea were compared with hemolytic activities in the peripheral cornea for each of the following complement components: C1, C4, C2, C3, C5, C6, and C7. For all seven complement components studied, hemolytic activities in the peripheral cornea were higher than hemolytic activities in the central cornea, and the differences were statistically significant. The most striking difference was for C1, which had a ratio of mean hemolytic activity in the peripheral cornea to that in the central cornea of almost 5:1. For the other six complement components, the ratio of the mean hemolytic activity in the peripheral cornea to that in the central cornea was approximately 1.2:1. This distribution of complement activity in the cornea suggests that the major source of complement components is the limbal vessels and that complement components diffuse from the limbus to the central cornea. PMID- 7020665 TI - Epiretinal and vitreous membranes. Comparative study of 56 cases. AB - Five morphologically distinguishable cell types were observed in 56 epiretinal and vitreous membranes obtained surgically from eyes with various ocular diseases: (1) retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells that were evident only in association with retinal detachment, (2)(macrophages, (3) fibrocytes, (4) fibrous astrocytes that were characteristic of all disease groups, and (5) myofibroblast like cells that had mostly the characteristics of fibrocytes and, occasionally, of RPE cells or fibrous astrocytes. The combination of cell types varied in different types of epiretinal membranes, but the formation of collagen and the development of cells with myofibroblast-like properties were common features and seemed to be within the capacity of several cell types. These two common features seem to be the basis for the contractile properties of epiretinal and vitreous membranes. PMID- 7020667 TI - Potassium handling by the kidney. Hyperkalaemia. PMID- 7020668 TI - The kidney in benign essential hypertension. PMID- 7020669 TI - Non-drug treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7020666 TI - [Neuroanatomy of the optic, trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal nerves (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The intracranial and intraorbital course of the optic nerve is described concisely, the intracanicular one in full details. Apart from the wide and small sections of the optic canal, its axis opposite to the cranial planes, the coating of the canal and the adjacency to the paranasal sinuses and arteries are exactly described. 2. At the trigeminal nerve the trigeminal ganglion, its roots and also the mandibular nerve have great importance in the practical medicine considering thermo-coagulation or surgery of the trigeminal nerve. This segments and also the adjacency of the fifth nerve to the internal carotid artery and subarachinoid brain vessels are exactly, the nuclei areas and central tracts are briefly explained. 3. The nuclei of the facial nerve the intracerebral and intracisternal course and its development, the facial canal and its narrow passes are described. Also the position of the internal acoustic pore in the skull, the dimensions of the internal acoustic meatus and the relations between nerves and vessels are explained. In addition to the geniculate ganglion and the chorda tympani the communications of the facial nerve inside the temporal bone, the tympanic intumescentia (ganglion) and the nervus intermedius, also the petrosal nerves are included in the description. The sheaths of the segments of the seventh cranial nerve and also the fasciculation are exactly, the somatotopic organization is briefly described. 4. The extracranial course of the glossopharyngeal nerve is briefly, its intracranial sections are included exactly in the investigation. 5. The nuclei of the vagus nerve and the intra- und extracranial course are described. 6. The accessory nerve, its nucleus and the intra- and extracranial course are concisely explained. 7. The hypoglossal nerve, its nucleus, the emergence of the fibres and also the relations of nerves and vessels in the posterior cranial fossa are described. The hypoglossal canal and also the extracranial course are explained as briefly as possible. PMID- 7020670 TI - The glomerular capillary and disease. PMID- 7020671 TI - The glomerular mesangium. PMID- 7020672 TI - Anti-basement membrane antibodies in immunologic renal disease. AB - Anti-basement membrane antibodies are now being associated with an increasing spectrum of disease, including Goodpasture's syndrome, rapidly progressive and occasionally milder forms of glomerulonephritis (GN), tubulointerstitial nephritis, pulmonary damage, and potentially other forms of tissue injury. We have developed a radioimmunoassay to detect circulating antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies. The antigens for this assay are derived from the noncollagenous portion of the GBM remaining after collagenase digestion. After immunoabsorptive purification, the major antigens precipitated by human anti-GBM antibodies can be characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) into an unresolved high molecular weight fraction and two antigenic peaks of 54,000 and 27,000 daltons. The noncollagenous nature of the antigenic material has been confirmed by amino acid analysis. The radiolabelled antigen has proven useful in detecting circulating anti-GBM antibodies in over 500 patients. The assay is of use in monitoring the activity of disease and judging the patient's response to therapy. It is also useful in determining the timing of renal transplantation, if required. Differences in antigenic content of glomerular and tubular basement membranes (TBM) have been noted between individuals. These antigenic differences, under certain circumstances, can lead to the induction of anti-basement membrane antibody responses after transplantation. PMID- 7020673 TI - The Gordon Bell Memorial Lecture: from Edinburgh, an academic surgeon. PMID- 7020674 TI - The founders of the College. New South Wales. PMID- 7020675 TI - Surgical repair of recto-vaginal fistulae in mares. PMID- 7020676 TI - Aspergillus pneumonia in an ostrich (Struthio camelus). PMID- 7020677 TI - Idiopathic hirsutism: review of the concept. PMID- 7020678 TI - Cicatricial pemphigoid in a four-year-old child: A case report. PMID- 7020679 TI - Aetiology and pathogenesis of lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7020680 TI - Long-term exposure of chickens to three levels of social stress. AB - Cockerels were kept in environments characterized by high (HSS), medium (MSS), or low (LSS) levels of social stress for 3 or 4 months. Chickens raised in an environment of low light intensity (LSS) gained more weight than did those raised under natural lighting. Ability of chickens to produce antibody in response to antigen was greatly reduced, 2(15.4) in the LSS group to 2(3.4) in the HSS group, 1 day after chickens were moved from the LSS environment into the HSS environment. Normal responsiveness returned within 1 week. No long-term environments affected antibody production. After 3 months, chickens in the LSS environment had reduced weight gain and resistance to Escherichia coli infection compared with birds in the HSS environment. Chickens in the MSS environment, compared with those on the HSS and LSS environments, had greater weight gains, superior feed efficiencies, medium plasma corticosterone levels, a better negative correlation between antibody responsiveness and RBC antigens, and better resistance to Mycoplasma gallisepticum challenge. All parameters except antibody responsiveness were such that long-term exposure to HSS or LSS environments appears to be detrimental. PMID- 7020681 TI - B-lymphocyte cells in lymphatic tissue of the duck, Anas platyrhynchos. PMID- 7020682 TI - A modified technique for assaying avian immunoglobulin-M-secreting cells. AB - A localized complement-dependent hemolytic assay in modified Cunningham chambers for enumerating avian immunoglobulin-M (IgM)-secreting spleen cells is defined. The maximum number of IgM-secreting spleen cells was present six days after sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) were injected. Intra-abdominal injection of SRBCs resulted in greater but more variable numbers of IgM-secreting cells at the time of maximum response than did either intramuscular or intravenous injection. Fresh chicken serum (FCS) with 10% guinea pig serum was an equally or more effective source of complement for the assay than was FCS alone. PMID- 7020683 TI - Ethylene glycol intoxication in ducks. AB - Ducks maintained over winter in an area used for automobile storage and repair were poisoned by anti-freeze. Signs were weakness, depression, ataxia, and death. Post-mortem lesions consisted of marked nephrosis; numerous oxalate crystals occluded the renal tubules. Levels of ethylene glycol were markedly elevated compared with levels in normal tissues. To further characterize the disease, six healthy ducks were given ethylene glycol in oral doses ranging from 1.1 to 17.8 ml/kg. As the dosage was increased, blood and tissue concentrations of ethylene glycol increased and time to death decreased. Histologic lesions were similar to those seen in the accidentally poisoned ducks. PMID- 7020684 TI - Salbutamol infusion for premature labour--the Australian trials experience. AB - Fourteen clinical trials were conducted in Australia to evaluate the safety and efficacy of salbutamol infusions in the prevention of premature labour. A total of 527 single pregnancies and 36 multiple pregnancies during which this treatment was used were reported sufficiently fully for inclusion in this report. The results suggest that significant prolongation of pregnancy can be achieved in most cases, provided that cervical dilatation is less than 3 cm and that the membranes are intact. If either of these conditions is absent, prolongation of pregnancy is still possible in some cases. The treatment is not without risks, and adequate supervision is essential. PMID- 7020685 TI - Prenatal detection of Pompe's disease by induction of alkaline phosphatase in cultured amniotic fluid cells. PMID- 7020686 TI - The CYTOS biological experiments carried out on the Soviet orbital station Salyut 6. AB - Two biological experiments (CYTOS programme) were performed aboard the Soviet orbital Station Salyut 6. For these experiments we have developed several original devices. In this paper we give the technical characteristics of this specialized hardware and the experimental methods used to carry out these experiments. PMID- 7020687 TI - Meal patterns and body weight changes during insulin hyperphagia and postinsulin hypophagia. PMID- 7020688 TI - Insulin-induced feeding in hibernators. PMID- 7020689 TI - Behavioral studies using genetically defined mice--a bibliography (August 1979 July 1980). PMID- 7020690 TI - [Atypical reactions after vaccination]. PMID- 7020691 TI - [Leukocyte separation and transfusion]. PMID- 7020692 TI - Distribution of Forssman antigen in chickens. AB - The distribution of Forssman antigen in various tissues of chickens was studied by the indirect and direct immunofluorescence (IF) tests using rabbit immune serum against purified Forssman glycosphingolipid (GSL) [GalNAc (alpha, 1 3)GalNAc(beta, 1-3)Gal(alpha, 1-4)Gal(beta, 1-4)Glc-ceramide]. A general finding in all tissue sections was the presence of Forssman antigen in vascular endothelium and perivascular connective tissues. Erythrocytes gave a Forssman positive reaction, but the intensity of fluorescence was slight. Forssman antigen was found in about 20% of all peripheral leukocytes. Fractionation of lymphocytes from peripheral blood into T and B lymphocytes showed that about 30% of the B lymphocytes gave a positive reaction, while only 2-3% of the T lymphocytes gave a positive reaction. About 40% of bone marrow cells expressed Forssman antigens. On the other hand, about 40-50% of adherent cells in vitro cultures from spleen were Forssman-positive. The antigen was also abundant in hematopoietic organs, such as spleen, thymus and the bursa of Fabricius. Positive reactions in the digestive tract, ovary, testis and skin varied from portion to portion of the tissues. In brain and spinal cord, only the vascular endothelium gave a positive reaction. In peripheral nerves, only the connective tissue stroma around the nerve fibers gave a positive reaction. In other tissues, the distribution of the antigen was generally in accord with the results of Tanaka and Leduc (1956). These positive reactions in the IF test were specifically inhibited by addition of purified Forssman GSL. The distributions of Forssman antigen in tissues were found to be the same in chickens of various ages. PMID- 7020693 TI - Synthesis of six analogues and their two fragments related to L-alpha hydroxyisovaleryl-Leu-Val-Phe-OMe as renin inhibitor. PMID- 7020694 TI - Inhibition of E. coli RNA polymerase by Fab fragments from subunit specific antibodies. PMID- 7020695 TI - Saturation behavior of superoxide dismutation catalyzed by the iron containing superoxide dismutase of E. coli B. PMID- 7020696 TI - Enhancement by alpha-1-antichymotrypsin of antibody response in vivo. PMID- 7020697 TI - Formation of mutagens from tryptophan by the reaction with nitrite. PMID- 7020698 TI - Synthesis of tritiated rat insulin with high specific activity: a method for radiolabeling the active site of insulin. PMID- 7020699 TI - The spatial organization of the active sites of the bifunctional oligomeric enzyme tryptophan synthase: cross-linking by a novel method. PMID- 7020700 TI - The purification of protease IV of E. coli and the demonstration that it is an endoproteolytic enzyme. PMID- 7020701 TI - Superkiller yeast strain contains additional species of double-stranded RNA. PMID- 7020702 TI - Calcium-antagonists and islet function-XII. Comparison between nifedipine and chemically related drugs. PMID- 7020703 TI - Studies on the mechanism of toxicity of metrizamide-competitive inhibition of yeast hexokinase. PMID- 7020704 TI - Lymphapheresis in rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized trial. PMID- 7020705 TI - Enhanced neutral protease activity in proliferating rheumatoid synovial cells. AB - Proteolytic enzymes associated with rheumatoid synovial cells (RSC) have been implicated in the degradation of articular cartilage. Proteases have been measured in proliferating rheumatoid synovial cells (P-RSC), proliferating nonrheumatoid synovial cells (P-NSC), and their nonproliferating counterparts (NP RSC and NP-NSC). The P-RSC and P-NSC exhibit enhanced total surface-associated plus secreted neutral protease activity, as compared with NP-RSC and NP-NSC. The P-RSC exhibited significantly higher protease activity in this category compared to P-NSC. The RSC also secreted higher levels of secreted proteases alone compared to NSC. The secreted protease activity alone was not related to the proliferative state of the cells. Extractable protease activity was measured in early-passaged and serially-passaged P-RSC, NP-RSC, P-NSC, and NP-NSC. Extractable cellular protease activity measured at pH ranges from 5.0 through 8.0 was not significantly different between P-RSC and NP-RSC or between P-NSC and NP NSC. The RSC contained elevated extractable cellular protease activity measured at pH ranges from 5.0 through 8.0 compared to extracts from later-passaged cells. The neutral protease activity in the early-passaged RSC was also higher than that measured at pH 6.0 or 8.0. In synovial cells cellular protease activity was related to the proliferative state and the origin of the cells. The P-RSC exhibited the highest levels of surface associated plus secreted neutral protease activity. The RSC also possessed the highest levels of extractable protease activity compared to NSC. PMID- 7020706 TI - [Studies on determining the mutagenicity risk of triethylenetetramine (author's transl)]. AB - Triethylenetetramine (TETA) is the only available effective drug for the treatment of patients with Wilson's disease and with simultaneous intolerance to D-penicillamine. In the Ames-test, however both TETA and the structurally similar tetramine BE 6184 are mutagenic. The naturally occurring spermine, a closely related tetramine differing only in one additional methylene group in every carbon chain, shows no mutagenicity. TETA does not exhibit any mutagenic potency in the micronucleus-test. PMID- 7020707 TI - The present state of in vivo neutron activation analysis in clinical diagnosis and therapy. AB - In vivo neutron activation has opened a new era of research on the elemental composition of the human body. The techniques currently employed vary widely with respect to sources, moderators, site of activation and detection systems. Sources include cyclotrons, neutron generators and radioactive elements. Both partial body and total body neutron activation analysis (PBNAA and TBNAA, respectively) are commonly used to determine calcium levels. This review examines various aspects of the two techniques for delayed gamma neutron activation and the factors which affect the sensitivity of the measurements, uniformity of the neutron flux density, and the use of moderators. Portions of the body selected for partial body activation analysis are the hand, the arm and the trunk. Such measurement may be particularly useful for studying patients with diseases that affect various parts of the skeleton differently. However, to date, analyses based on TBNAA and PBNAA do not appear to favour one technique over the other. Comparison of the two techniques has to take into account a variety of factors: dose to the patient, cost reliability, availability of source, nature and cost of complementary facilities required, and the degree of expertise needed by the operating personnel. Neutron activation studies of body calcium have provided data useful for the diagnosis and management of a variety of metabolic disorders. Measurement of sodium, chlorine and nitrogen also appear to be useful clinically. A variety of clinical applications are discussed in this review. A recent development is prompt gamma neutron activation analysis, which can be used for the in vivo determination of cadmium in liver and kidney. Total body nitrogen (measured by prompt gamma neutron activation) and potassium measurements serve as indices of protein and muscle mass content, and hence are useful in assessing the roles of diet and nutrition in these body components. PMID- 7020708 TI - Risk assessment for radiation protection purposes. AB - In defining criteria for good protection against ionizing radiation, it is important to assess quantitatively the likely risk of any radiation exposure. The 'somatic' risks to the individual result mainly from induction of cancer in the organs irradiated, and these risks can now be estimated on the basis of numerous detailed epidemiological surveys of exposed human populations. Estimates of the risk of hereditary effects, from genetic changes induced in germ cells, are based largely on the frequency with which such effects are induced in other species. In both cases the risk at very low dose can be inferred using knowledge of the way in which radiation damage is caused in tissues. Coherent systems of radiation protection are based on a restriction of doses to the whole body and to individual organs, such that the induction of cancer and genetic harm is infrequent, and the threshold dose for causing other, 'non-stochastic', effects is not exceeded. PMID- 7020709 TI - High density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin and obesity in Samoans. PMID- 7020710 TI - Triiodothyronine stimulates prostacyclin production by rat aortic smooth muscle cells in culture. AB - The effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on prostacyclin production in rat aortic smooth muscle cells was investigated by using an intact cell assay system. T3 at its physiological concentrations has no significant effect on smooth muscle cell proliferation, but it does significantly stimulate prostacyclin production by the cells. Maximum stimulation of prostacyclin production is obtained when cells are treated with T3 for 4 consecutive days. The dose--response curve shows a linear relationship between the stimulation of prostacyclin production and T3 concentrations in the range 0.007--10 microgram/dl. The maximal prostacyclin production by T3-treated cells (at a concentration of 10 microgram/dl), is 270% compared with control cells. T3 treatment shows no significant effect on phospholipase (and/or lipase) activities. Our results suggest that thyroid hormone might play an important physiological role in the protection of arteries from atherosclerotic changes by stimulating prostacyclin production in arterial smooth muscle cells. PMID- 7020711 TI - Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with marrow transplantation in identical twins. AB - Eight patients with disseminated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who failed conventional combination chemotherapy were treated with high-dose chemotherapy, a supralethal dose of total-body irradiation, and a bone marrow transplant from a normal identical twin. Seven patients experienced complete remission. Four of the seven patients (two with diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, one with composite lymphoma, and one with diffuse moderately well differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma) remain in complete unmaintained remission 12-126 mo from transplantation. One patient relapsed after 10 mo but was retreated and is alive in unmaintained complete remission 73 mo from transplantation. One patient died of Pseudomonas pneumonia while in complete remission and one patient relapsed and died of progressive lymphoma. These results demonstrate that intensive chemoradiotherapy and twin marrow transplantation can induce frequent and enduring remissions in patients with disseminated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who have failed conventional therapy. PMID- 7020713 TI - Recent advances in vasodilator therapy. Part I: physiologic correlations. PMID- 7020712 TI - Correction of various abnormalities in cultured porcine von Willebrand endothelial cells by inhibition of plasminogen-dependent protease activity. PMID- 7020714 TI - Mitral valve commissurotomy by John Alexander: repeat surgery 28 years later. PMID- 7020715 TI - [In memoriam. Doctor Rolf H. Braun (Ex-president F. D.I.)]. PMID- 7020716 TI - [Medical examination for first admission students at the University of Mexico. Characteristics and evaluation of a computerized system]. AB - Four hundred and thirty, first admission university students underwent medical examination during the school period 1979-1980. After the application of the electronic processed medical inquest, the final clinical diagnosis was reached. In 87% of the cases, a final diagnosis was worked out, whereas the remaining 13% was considered clinically healthy. Likewise, the proportion of final clinical diagnoses that were found to be correlated with the probability diagnoses issued by the inquest system wer above 60% in the following systems: digestive, E.N.T., respiratory, genitourinary and dermatological. On the other hand, on studying the final clinical diagnoses determined by the physician and that were not worked out by the computerized medical inquest system, variable proportions were observed in the different organs and systems that were investigated. Thus, it is concluded that medical inquest used at present for the study of health problems involving the first admission student population at the University of Mexico, is a useful procedure that requires a continuous evaluation to improve its effectiveness and trustworthiness, but that has allowed to cover adequately the demand for medical care among the above mentioned population. PMID- 7020717 TI - [Chronic peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 7020718 TI - [Effect of hypoxia and ischemia on myocardial ion transport and contractile function]. PMID- 7020719 TI - [Importance of electrocardiographic tests with physical loading for vital prognosis in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7020720 TI - [Serum prolactin in obese subjects with and without glucose intolerance]. AB - Basal values of H-Prl have been assayed with reproducible RIA in two accurately selected group of subjects: 1) obese with latent glucose intolerance; 2) obese without glucose intolerance. In these patients have been valued also IRI and blood glucose (GOD-POD Biochemia). The data reported in this paper show that therein't correlation between basal H-Prl values and difference obese -- normal of IRI concentrations neither in non-diabetics nor in pre-diabetics obese. It indicate that the H-Prl not plays a controinsular role in obese-prediabetics subjects. No difference in basal values of H-Prl we found in the examined patient obese pre- and not-diabetics. PMID- 7020721 TI - [Serum prolactin in obese subjects with glucose intolerance before and after treatment with phenformin]. AB - 10 obese subjects with latent glucose-intolerance we studied before and after a "short term" treatment with an oral antidiabetic drug, phenformina (100 mg/day for 14 days). The parameters we evaluated, were: basal IRI, C-peptide immunoreactive (IRCP), IRCP/IRI ratio, areas elicited by values of IRI after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), basal H-Prl, before and after the phenformin (F) treatment. Our data show that F decreases the basal IRI values but not IRCP values, so the IRCP/IRI ratio is significantly higher. No difference is found in the basal H-Prl values. PMID- 7020722 TI - Comparison of indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of toxoplasma antibody. AB - Eighty samples of human serum were tested for antibody to Toxoplasma gondii by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). Development of ELISA suggested that accurate results could only be obtained with serial serum dilutions. ELISA and IIF tests showed a significant degree of correlation, but ELISA was found to be more sensitive: 17% of 24 sera showing negative IIF values showed slightly positive ELISA titres. PMID- 7020723 TI - [A review on "cryptogenic neuropathy" with special reference to idiopathic chronic polyneuritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020724 TI - [Application of flow cytometric analysis to brain tumor chemotherapy. Report 1: Changes of cell kinetics induced by anticancer drugs (author's transl)]. AB - It has been reported that flow cytometric analysis offers good indicators to select drugs for chemotherapy of malignant neoplasms, however, there are still few reports to try to apply these data to clinical treatment. For this purpose perturbation of cell cycle traverse which induced by several anticancer drugs was studied to determined the fundamental factors to indicate the sensitivity of each drugs. Results were: 1) Drugs showed high efficiency of accumulation of cells in SG2M phase even in low concentration; MMC, AD, CQ. 2) Drugs showed high efficiency of accumulation of cells in SG2M from low concentration high concentration; Vincristine. 3) Drugs which showed accumulation of SG2M in high concentration; ACNU, BCNU. 9L rat glioma cells treated with BCNU showed high efficiency of accumulation of cells in SG2M phase. In this cell line cytocidal effect was high. However, C6 cells which showed low accumulation in SG2M even by treatment with high concentration of BCNU revealed quite resistant to anticancer drugs from nitrosourea derivatives (ACNU, BCNU). Cytocidal effect of MMC and ACNU on C6 glioma cells was studied by colony forming efficiency assay using multicell spheroids treated with these drugs and it was discussed the correlation between percent of accumulated cells and cytocidal effect of each drug. PMID- 7020725 TI - The development of denture design. PMID- 7020726 TI - The effect of a chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse on oral health during fixed appliance orthodontic treatment. PMID- 7020727 TI - Hexabrix--a new contrast medium in angiocardiography. AB - The hyperosmolality of current ionic angiographic media gives rise to several adverse effects. Use of the first low-osmolality medium, metrizamide (Amipaque), has been inhibited by expense and by the necessity for prior mixing into solution. Hexabrix is the first of such media to be available in stable solution, and its use in angiocardiography is reported, in direct comparison with Urografin, Triosil, Cardio-Conray, and metrizamide. The low osmolality media cause significantly less discomfort than ionic media, and are better tolerated in paediatric angiocardiography. In coronary angiography Hexabrix causes comparable T wave change to Urografin and more than Triosil or metrizamide, but tends to have less effect on heart rate. The risk of exacerbating pulmonary arterial hypertension in right heart angiography appears to be reduced. PMID- 7020728 TI - Inappropriate renin secretion and abnormal cardiovascular reflexes in coarctation of the aorta. AB - The response of the renin-angiotensin system to high and low sodium diets, to standing, and to saralasin infusion was assessed before and after surgical correction of aortic coarctation in a 27-year-old man. The cardiovascular responses to tests of autonomic function were measured. The heart rate responses to the Valsalva manoeuvre and standing were abnormal before operation, and plasma renin levels were high and renin secretion responded poorly to changes in dietary sodium, to standing, and to saralasin. Renin responsiveness and cardiovascular reflexes returned to normal after operation. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that there is a high level of sympathetic efferent activity in coarctation of the aorta and that factors other than increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system may cause high blood pressure. PMID- 7020729 TI - Cimetidine for the treatment of symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux. PMID- 7020730 TI - Piroxicam and naproxen in the treatment of osteoarthritis. PMID- 7020731 TI - A double-blind, crossover, multicentre study of piroxicam and indomethacin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7020732 TI - Comparison of piroxicam with indomethacin in ankylosing spondylitis: a double blind crossover trial. PMID- 7020733 TI - Double blind crossover trial of piroxicam and naproxen in the treatment of osteoarthritis of hip and knee. PMID- 7020734 TI - The surgical treatment of Crohn's disease. PMID- 7020735 TI - Splenectomy in the tropics. PMID- 7020736 TI - A double blind trial of oral O. B-hydroxyethyl rutosides for stasis leg ulcers. PMID- 7020737 TI - The biochemical responses to a sustained release preparation of oral iron by women with low iron status. PMID- 7020738 TI - Treatment of polycythaemia vera by radiophosphorus or busulphan: a randomized trial. "Leukemia and Hematosarcoma" Cooperative Group, European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer (E.O.R.T.C.). AB - Between 1967 and 1978 a Phase III cooperative study was performed in polycythaemia vera (PCV) patients who had not been treated previously with any specific therapy other than phlebotomy. 293 patients were included and allocated at random for either radiophosphorus therapy (146) or busulphan treatment (147). Additional phlebotomies were indicated in both groups, to keep the haematocrit at 42-47%. 285 patients were evaluable after the study was completed, of whom 50% have an 8-year follow-up. Both groups were comparable with respect to age, clinical symptoms and haematological parameters immediately before randomization. The duration of the first remission and the overall survival were significantly better in the busulphan group. This difference remains significant after correction for differences between the two groups with respect to sex-ratio and phlebotomy before and the start of therapy. Busulphan induced a longer first remission (P less than 0.001) and a longer overall survival (P less than 0.02). PMID- 7020739 TI - Increased detection of mammary carcinoma cells in marrow smears using antisera to epithelial membrane antigen. AB - We have developed a technique for the immunocytochemical staining of marrow smears using antiserum to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). This membrane component is confined to, but widely distributed in, epithelial tissues and tumours derived from them, and is strongly expressed by infiltrating breast carcinoma cells. Marrow aspirates from patients with both early and metastatic breast cancer have been examined, and the results of immunocytochemical staining compared with conventional cytology and histology. Staining with antiserum to EMA enabled us to detect small numbers of carcinoma cells, and increased the yield of positive samples. Furthermore, using this technique, we found malignant cells in the marrow of patients with primary breast cancer with no other evidence of metastatic disease. Thus immunocytochemical staining for EMA may be of value in the detection of micrometastases in patients with primary breast carcinoma. PMID- 7020740 TI - Nocardia asteroides causing vena caval obstruction. PMID- 7020741 TI - Pr antigens in the skin: distinct localization linked to the stage and the type of keratinocyte differentiation. AB - Pr antigens (Pr ags), glycoconjugates of the red blood cell surface, have been traced in stratified squamous epithelia (SSE) with homogeneous and serologically monospecific monoclonal antibodies. Pr ags were expressed either at the plasma membrane level or within the cytoplasm of the keratinocytes (associated with the cytoskeleton). Pr ags were expressed in the basal cells. The distribution within this germinative compartment was in accordance with the concept of a cellular heterogenicity in the basal cell layer. A neuraminidase resistant Pr ag was retained in the maturing compartment of epithelia undergoing parakeratotic differentiation (including psoriatic epidermis). Monoclonal cold agglutinins may serve as new markers for the study of glycoconjugates in keratinocytes during normal and pathological differentiation. PMID- 7020742 TI - Bullous pemphigoid: the frequency of mucosal involvement and concurrent malignancy related to indirect immunofluorescence findings. AB - A review of 124 cases of bullous pemphigoid was made and the clinical findings correlated with the results of indirect immunofluorescence. A circulating IgG basement membrane zone (BMZ) antibody was detected in the serum of eighty-nine (72%) of the patients. Antibody titres in these patients did not correlate with the extent of the disease or with the presence of mucous membrane lesions. Indeed, oral lesions were more common in the thirty-five sero-negative patients with 17% of such patients being affected compared to only 10% of those with positive indirect immunofluorescence findings. This difference, however, was not statistically significant. Concurrent malignant disease (i.e. malignancy occurring within 6 months of pemphigoid being diagnosed) occurred in eight of the seronegative group (23%) and in only four of the eighty-nine seropositive cases (4%); this difference was significant. The association of bullous pemphigoid and malignant disease still remains controversial, but those who believe that the relationship is coincidental must now explain why concurrent malignant disease is more common in patients who have bullous pemphigoid and negative indirect immunofluorescence findings. PMID- 7020743 TI - D-Penicillamine in the treatment of keloids. PMID- 7020744 TI - Industrial carcinogenesis. PMID- 7020745 TI - Radioimmunoassay of erythropoietin. PMID- 7020747 TI - Cleft lip and palate: a prediction of psychological disfigurement? PMID- 7020748 TI - Eight methods of analysing a cephalogram to establish anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy. PMID- 7020746 TI - Ocular changes with oral and transepidermal diethylcarbamazine therapy of onchocerciasis. AB - Twenty men with moderate infection of Onchocerca volvulus were studied in a double-masked, controlled clinical trial to compare the safety and efficacy of oral diethylcarbamazine (DEC) with topical DEC lotion. Visual acuity and colour vision did not alter during the 6 months of observation, although 2 patients receiving DEC lotion and 3 patients receiving oral DEC developed either visual field constriction or optic atrophy. Fluffy corneal opacities were common in both groups. Intraocular microfilariae also appeared in both groups but to a greater extent in those receiving DEC lotion. New chorioretinal changes developed in 4 men receiving lotion and in only 1 receiving tablets. It is concluded that DEC lotion offers no advantage over tablets in the treatment of ocular onchocerciasis and in fact may be associated with more ocular complications than the conventional oral treatment. PMID- 7020749 TI - Effect of monensin on the fermentation of basal rations in the Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec). AB - 1. A long-term experiment was made with the Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec), in which the fermentation of a mixed ration of hay (10 g/d) and bruised barley (5 g/d) was compared with the fermentation of the same diet in the presence of 2, 10 and 50 mg monensin/d. 2. Monensin depressed the production of acetic and butyric acids, markedly increased the production of propionic acid and virtually, eliminated the production of isovaleric acid. The production of methane was decreased in the presence of monensin, but this decrease could be accounted for entirely by the changes in the production of volatile fatty acids and redistribution of metabolic hydrogen. 3. The digestibility of dry matter (DM) in the rations declined in the presence of monensin. Determinations of the rates of digestion showed that the digestion of the readily-fermented food in the initial stages was not affected by monensin, but that at 24 h digestion had been inhibited by monensin. The inhibition was due entirely to its effect on the digestion of the fibrous components. Digestion of non-fibrous material was not affected. 4. The efficiency of microbial growth, expressed as g dry weight/mol ATP formed (YATP) and in terms of DM digested, tended to be increased by monensin. This however occurred only at high, non-practical doses. 5. Urease (EC 3. 5. 1. 5) was induced by the addition of urea of the fermentation, but monensin had no effect on urease activity. Although monensin increased the activity of protease in washed suspensions, more food protein apparently escaped degradation. This may have been due to decreased deaminative activity. 6. Monensin altered the microscopic appearance of the fermentation fluid, and changed the activity of some enzymes in sonicated extracts, including alkaline phosphatase (EC 3. 1. 3. 1), acetate kinase (EC 2. 7. 2. 1) and succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1. 3. 99. 1). These results are discussed in terms of known sensitivities of rumen microbes to monensin and their contribution to the fermentation as a whole. PMID- 7020750 TI - Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex from Escherichia coli with a bifunctional arsenoxide: selective inactivation of lipoamide dehydrogenase. AB - The bifunctional reagent p-[(bromoacetyl)-amino]phenyl arsenoxide (BrCH2CONHPhAsO) in the presence of excess reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide has been shown to cause the irreversible active site directed inactivation of the lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme (PD) complex from Escherichia coli. The ability of the lipoate acetyltransferase (E2) component to bind coenzyme A was decreased by about 50% in this system. In the presence of thiamine pyrophosphate, pyruvate, coenzyme A, and Mg2+, E3 inactivation by BrCH2CONHPhAsO was selective (coenzyme A binding was unaffected) and stoichiometrically related to PD complex inactivation, indicating that a complement of E3 is necessary for full complex activity. The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) component was unaltered by BrCH2-CONHPhAsO in both systems. On inhibition of the PD complex with BrCH2CONHPhAsO, the reagent mediated interchain cross-linking between E2 and about half of the E3 subunits. A marked change occurred in the quaternary structure of the PD complex, with some E1 and E3 subunits being dissociated from the E2 core. The mechanism outlined by Stevenson et al. [Stevenson, K. J., Hale, G., & Perham, R. N. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 2189] for the inhibition of the PD complex by BrCH2CONHPhAsO must be revised on the basis of these findings. E3 is only partially modified by delivery of the bromoacetyl moiety of the bifunctional reagent (covalently attached to lipoyl residues of E2 through dithioarsinite bonds) into the active site of bound E3. The inhibition of E3, dissociated from the PD complex during cross-linking, likely occurs via direct interaction of the free enzyme with BrCH2CONHPhAsO by initial dithioarsinite modification of the reduced active-site disulfide followed by alkylation of a nearby residue. PMID- 7020751 TI - Metal ion substitution at the catalytic site of horse-liver alcohol dehydrogenase: results from solvent magnetic relaxation studies. 1. Copper(II) and cobalt(II) ions. PMID- 7020752 TI - Metal ion substitution at the catalytic site of horse-liver alcohol dehydrogenase: results from solvent magnetic relaxation studies. 2. Binding of manganese(II) and competition with zinc(II) and cadmium(II) ions. AB - The interaction of Mn2+ aquo ions with native horse-liver alcohol dehydrogenase demetalized specifically at the catalytic sites has been investigated by studying the magnetic field dependence and time dependence of the magnetic spin-lattice relaxation rate of solvent water protons. We find no detectable binding of Mn2+ ions to the catalytic sites in times on the order of hours; however, we do find that these ions bind to the enzyme at two previously unreported types of sites: one, characterized by a low dissociation constant (0.01 mM at pH 7.7, 5 degrees C), low relaxivity, and a stoichiometry of one per two catalytic sites, and a second, with a high dissociation constant (1.5 mM at pH 7.7, 5 degrees C) and high relaxivity. The stoichiometry of the second type of site could not be determined because of the relatively weak bindng of Mn2+ ions to these sites. Both Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions bind to the newly found tight-binding sites, displacing Mn2+ ions and thereby altering the relaxation rates of solvent protons. By monitoring the return to equilibrium of these altered rates, we find that Zn2+ ions enter the catalytic sites from the new tight-binding sites with an on-rate of approximately 0.1 M-1 s-1. It is not clear whether binding to these new sites is an obligatory intermediate for reintroduction of Zn2+ ions into the catalytic sites, but a small excess of Zn2+ ions beyond one per monomer causes the protein to precipitate. Cd2+ ions, by contrast, enter the catalytic sites at least 1 order of magnitude more rapidly than do Zn2+ ions, a rate too rapid to observe by our techniques. However, once the catalytic sites are filled, Cd2+ ions displace Mn2+ ions at the new sites as do Zn2+ ions. PMID- 7020753 TI - Donor site of ribosomal peptidyltransferase: investigation of substrate specificity using 2'(3')-O-(N-acylaminoacyl)dinucleoside phosphates as models of the 3' terminus of N-acylaminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid. PMID- 7020754 TI - Quantitation of rat liver messenger ribonucleic acid for malic enzyme during induction by thyroid hormone. PMID- 7020755 TI - Native deoxyribonucleic acid transcription by yeast RNA polymerase--P37 complex. AB - The specific activity of yeast RNA polymerases A or B, when complexed with P37 cofactor, compares favorably with that of E. coli RNA polymerase. The stimulation is observed only with double-stranded DNA but does not result from DNase action. The Km for nucleotide substrates and the optimal conditions of transcription are not modified. P37 stimulates RNA synthesis by ternary transcription complexes in the presence of poly(rI) which prevents reinitiations. The RNA chain length, estimated by 5' end labeling or sedimentation, is increased in the presence of P37. On the other hand, the trinucleotide synthesis, which reflects the chain initiation reaction, is not affected. Therefore, the cofactor appears to act at the elongation step of RNA synthesis. PMID- 7020756 TI - Effects of (hydroxymethyl)trimethylpsoralen on structure and function of bacteriophage MS2 ribonucleic acid. AB - Treatment of bacteriophage MS2 with 4'-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen and 360-nm light caused a dose-dependent decline in the infectivity of the virus. Covalent photobinding of a single psoralen molecule on the phage genome was a lethal event. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) extracted from psoralen and light-treated virus had a dose-dependent 385-nm fluorescence emission but was unaltered in its physical properties compared to control RNA samples. Phage adsorption and penetration in Escherichia coli host cells were unaffected, but in vivo replication of the treated virus was affected to the same extent as infectivity. The cell-free translational activity of the MS2 RNA was also severely reduced after psoralen and light treatment of the phage. Examination of the in vitro translation products revealed that the synthesis of the viral replicase protein was most substantially affected. Psoralen treatment of purified, protein-free MS2 RNA promoted an even greater reduction in cell-free synthesis of all viral proteins. This difference in translational function was consistent with the observation that virion-free RNA bound approximately 4 times as much psoralen as did RNA treated within the phage capsid. It was concluded that the replicase gene is the most sensitive region of the viral RNA molecule for psoralen binding. PMID- 7020757 TI - Characterization of the respiratory NADH dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli and reconstitution of NADH oxidase in ndh mutant membrane vesicles. AB - Highly purified preparations of the cholate-solubilized respiratory NADH dehydrogenase, isolated from genetically amplified Escherichia coli strains [Jaworowski, A., Campbell, H. D., Poulis, M. I., & Young, I. G. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 2041-2047], have been characterized. Enzyme preparations were shown to contain 70% (w/w) lipid, predominantly phosphatidylethanolamine. One mol of noncovalently bound FAD and approximately 1 mol of ubiquinone/mol of enzyme subunit were detected. The purified enzyme was shown to contain only low levels of Fe and acid-labile S, indicating the absence of iron-sulfur clusters. No Cu, Mo, W, or covalently bound P was detected, and no evidence for other chromophores was obtained from visible and ultraviolet absorption spectra of the purified enzyme or of the delipidated polypeptide prepared by gel filtration in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Protein chemical studies verified that the enzyme consists of a single polypeptide species of Mr 47 000, and the N- and C-terminal cyanogen bromide peptides were identified. The pure enzyme was shown to reconstitute membrane-bound, cyanide-sensitive NADH oxidase activity in membrane vesicles prepared from ndh mutant strains. PMID- 7020758 TI - Purification of yeast tubulin by self-assembly in vitro. AB - Tubulin was purified from yeast homogenate by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography and temperature-dependent assembly. The yeast tubulin subunits comigrate with the brain alpha-tubulin subunit on one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The in vitro yeast tubulin assembly is inhibited by the fungicide methyl N-(benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate, the active component of benomyl, whereas in vitro brain 6S tubulin assembly is resistant. This suggests that the inhibitory effect of benomyl on yeast cell division is due to its antimicrotubule action. PMID- 7020759 TI - Lactose transport in Escherichia coli cells. Dependence of kinetic parameters on the transmembrane electrical potential difference. AB - We determine the kinetic parameters V and KT of lactose transport in Escherichia coli cells as a function of the electrical potential difference (delta psi) at pH 7.3 and delta pH = 0. We report that transport occurs simultaneously via two components: a component which exhibits a high KT (larger than 10 mM) and whose contribution is independent of delta psi, a component which exhibits a low KT independent of delta psi (0.5 mM) but whose V increases drastically with increasing delta psi. We associate these components of lactose transport with facilitated diffusion and active transport, respectively. We analyze the dependence upon delta psi of KT and V of the active transport component in terms of a mathematical kinetic model developed by Geck and Heinz (Geck, P. and Heinz, E. (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 443, 49-63). We show that within the framework of this model, the analysis of our data indicates that active transport of lactose takes place with a H+/lactose stoichiometry greater than 1, and that the lac carrier in the absence of bound solutes (lactose and proton(s) is electrically neutral. On the other hand, our data relative to facilitated diffusion tend to indicate that lactose transport via this mechanism is accompanied by a H+/lactose stoichiometry smaller than that of active transport. We discuss various implications which result from the existence of H+/lactose stoichiometry different for active transport and facilitated diffusion. PMID- 7020760 TI - Chemical composition of the plasma membrane from epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - The chemical composition of two plasma membrane fractions from epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi is reported. Fraction M, a preparation obtained by conventional methods of cell fractionation is composed of 31% proteins, 34% lipids, 16% carbohydrates and 3% of the lipopeptidophosphoglycan. Phospholipids and sterols account for 7.5 and 9%, respectively, of the total mass. Phosphatidylethanolamine is the major phospholipid in fraction M, representing 45% of the total membrane phospholipids. The other fraction, fraction V (vesicles), was obtained by treatment of the cell with a vesiculating agent. This fraction contains 42% lipids, 20% carbohydrates, 13% proteins and 21% of the lipopeptidophosphoglycan. Phospholipids and sterols make up 17 and 8%, respectively, of the total mass of this fraction. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are the main phospholipids found in fraction V. Phosphonolipids and sialic acid have not been detected in either membrane fraction. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis show that the glycoproteins ABC and the lipopeptidophosphoglycan are 50- and 10-times more concentrated, respectively, in fractions V and M than in the whole cell homogenate. The high molar sterol/phospholipid ratio found in fraction M suggests that this fraction is less fluid than fraction V, perhaps reflecting a migration of certain membrane components in the presence of the vesiculating agent. Hence, fraction M is, probably, more representative of the epimastigote plasma membrane as a whole than fraction V. PMID- 7020761 TI - Preferred conformation and molecular packing of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 7020762 TI - Interaction of insulin, polypeptide hormones, and growth factors with intracellular membranes. PMID- 7020763 TI - The synthesis of ribosomal 5 S RNA in cultured hamster cells during the inhibition of protein synthesis. AB - Ribosomal 5 S RNA synthesis in Chinese hamster V79 cells treated with an inhibitory antibiotic of protein synthesis, cycloheximide, was quantitated by hybridization of RNA preparations with plasmid ColE1-pSC101 DNA carrying Xenopus 5 S DNA. In V79 cells, cycloheximide produced a notable decrease in the production of the higher molecular weight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) fraction, whereas the accumulation of both 5 S RNA and polyadenylate-containing messenger RNA was much less affected. When the cellular protein synthesis was inhibited by over 85% of the control, accumulation of 5 S RNA and of rRNA was respectively 40-50% and about 10% of the control. The size distribution analysis of RNA species revealed that 5 S RNAs obtained from V79 cells after treatment with 0.1 microgram/ml or 2.0 microgram/ml cycloheximide were indistinguishable from control. Inhibition of precursor uptake into 5 S RNA by cycloheximide was apparently phase-specific during the cell cycle and was 44-67% and 78-85% of the control for the S and the M phase, respectively. The responses of RNA polymerase III activities to cycloheximide in isolated nuclei from each phase of the cell cycle correlated very well with those of precursor uptake into 5 S RNA observed in vivo, while total solubilized RNA polymerase activities showed no inhibition by the drug at any phase of the cell cycle. Cytosine arabinoside, a specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis, did not cause any decrease in the cellular level of 5 S RNA. PMID- 7020764 TI - Spectroscopic studies of Congo Red binding to RNA polymerase. AB - The azo dye Congo Red has a high affinity for nucleotide-binding enzymes. We have studied the binding of Congo Red to RNA polymerase by circular dichroism (CD) and difference absorption spectroscopy, steady-state kinetics, and nitrocellulose filter-binding. Induced CD shows that a large number of Congo Red molecules bind to the holoenzyme. CD also demonstrates that the core enzyme at low ionic strengths has a distinctive Congo Red binding site which is not present in the holoenzyme, nor in the core enzyme at higher ionic strengths or in the presence of poly(dT). CD studies indicate that Congo Red can readily displace double stranded polynucleotides (T7 DNA or poly[d(A-T)] from RNA polymerase. Single stranded DNA (poly(dT) and T7 DNA in open complexes) is not displaced from RNA polymerase except at high Congo Red concentrations. Both kinetics and nitrocellulose filter-binding measurements support this conclusion. Difference spectra indicate that the bound Congo Red molecules undergo stacking. We postulate that RNA polymerase binds Congo Red in a region with which a segment of DNA normally interacts, and that Congo Red is a potent inhibitor because the stacked dye has a polyanionic character. PMID- 7020765 TI - Proteolytic modification of rat liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase by administration of leupeptin in vivo. AB - When leupeptin, a thiol protease inhibitor of microbial origin, was injected into rats, the activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (D-fructose-1,6 bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase, EC 4.1.2.13) in the liver decreased to about 60% of that in control rats. However, the concentration of aldolase protein in the liver extracts, measured with a specific antibody obtained with enzyme purified on a phosphocellulose column, remained unchanged. Injection of leupeptin also caused a marked increase in the activities of free lysosomal proteases, such as cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1), cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22. ), cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5) and lysosomal carboxypeptidase A in the cytosol fraction. A clear inverse relationship between aldolase and cathepsin B activities in the cytosol fraction was demonstrated. The possibility that the less active form of aldolase detected in the livers of leupeptin-treated rats was produced during homogenization was excluded by showing that the aldolase activity was not changed by addition of various protease inhibitors to the homogenization medium., When insulin was coinjected with leupeptin, increase in the activity of free cathepsin L and decrease of activity of aldolase produced by the injection of leupeptin was prevented. These findings indicate that modification of aldolase may be due to the action of a lysosomal protease(s). Enhanced sensitivity of lysosomes to osmotic shock was demonstrated in the livers of leupeptin-treated rats, suggesting that the lysosomal membrane is labilized by administration of leupeptin. Incubation of the purified aldolase with the lysosomal fraction produced the same changes in properties of aldolase as those observed in vivo on injection of leupeptin. PMID- 7020766 TI - The effect of electron carriers and other ligands on oxygen stability of clostridial hydrogenase. AB - The effects of various electron carriers, a substrate (H2) and a reversible inhibitor (CO) on the rate of irreversible oxygen inactivation of clostridial hydrogenase (ferredoxin: H+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.18.3.1) have been studied kinetically. Some electron carriers (e.g., clostridial ferredoxin and methyl viologen) greatly stabilize the enzyme, some (FAD, FMN) drastically reduce its stability, while others (benzyl viologen and methylene blue) only slightly alter the stability. Competitive experiments indicate that stabilizers and destabilizers do not compete with each other for binding with the active center of hydrogenase. Hydrogen and CO do not affect the rate of the oxygen inactivation. On the basis of the results obtained herein and kinetic data on hydrogenase catalysis from the literature, it is concluded that the active center of this hydrogenase comprises at least three different independent subsites. The first one (presumably an iron atom of the iron-sulfur cluster) binds H2 and CO and does not contribute to the oxygen stability. The second one binds stabilizers like methyl viologen while the third one binds destabilizers like FMN and FAD. PMID- 7020767 TI - Decay of proteinase and peptidase activities of human and rabbit erythrocytes during cellular aging. AB - Variations in activity of the membrane-bound and cytosolic proteinases and peptidases were analyzed in human and rabbit erythrocytes at various stages of their life-span. The patterns observed with human erythrocytes were the following. (a) The acidic endopeptidase activity associated with the membranes undergoes a substantial decline during cellular aging, with an estimated half life of 65 days. Concomitantly it appears to become progressively more latent. (b) All cytosolic proteinase and peptidase activities described previously (Pontremoli, S., Melloni, E., Salamino, F., Sapartore, B., Michetti, M., Benatti, U., Morelli, A. and De Flora, A. (1980) Eur. J. Biochem. 110, 421-430) decline exponentially throughout the erythrocyte life-span, with the exception of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase III. The calculated half-lives were: 60 days for the neutral endopeptidase; 87 days for the total acidic endopeptidase activity which is accounted for by three distinct enzymes; 49 days for aminopeptidase B and 133 days for a second aminopeptidase with broad substrate specificity; 84 days for dipeptidyl aminopeptidase II. The results obtained with the rabbit erythrocytes were: (a) no significant decline of leucine aminopeptidase, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase II and III activities in the transition from reticulocytes to mature erythrocytes; (b) very limited decline of aminopeptidase B activity; (c) a pronounced age-dependent decay, in increasing order, of neutral endopeptidase, aminopeptidase A, carboxypeptidase and acidic endopeptidase activities. PMID- 7020768 TI - In vitro prothrombin synthesis from a purified precursor protein. III. Preparation of an acid-soluble substrate for vitamin K-dependent carboxylase by limited proteolysis of bovine descarboxyprothrombin. PMID- 7020769 TI - Insulin inhibition of calcium binding by human placental membrane. AB - Insulin and its analogues displaced membrane-bound calcium within a physiological range of insulin concentration, in proportion to both biological potency and ability to displace porcine 125 I-labelled insulin from the insulin receptor. Mild tryptic digestion of the membrane reduced insulin binding but did not reduce specific calcium binding. Displacement of membrane-bound calcium by insulin was dependent on insulin binding to its intact receptor. These studies suggest that Ca2"ay exert a controlling influence on insulin-receptor binding in vivo. PMID- 7020770 TI - The hormonal regulation and interaction of concanavalin A and insulin binding in R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma cells. AB - To investigate the effects of concanavalin A on insulin binding to R3230AC mammary carcinomas, initial experiments were performed to characterize binding of concanavalin A. Concanavalin A binding was found to be specific and saturable. Equilibrium binding experiments demonstrated that addition of low concentrations of concanavalin A enhanced the binding of [3H]concanavalin A, suggestive of positively cooperative interactions. Binding of concanavalin A was responsive to hormonal alterations; tumor cells from diabetic rats showed enhanced binding of concanavalin A and insulin compared to cells from intact rats and administration of insulin to diabetic rats returned concanavalin A and insulin binding to levels seen in controls. Incubation of tumor cells with concanavalin A prior to addition of 125I-labelled insulin resulted in a reduction of insulin-binding capacity; succinyl-concanavalin A did not affect binding of insulin. The present inhibition of insulin binding by concanavalin A was highest at the lower insulin concentrations, providing a linearized Scatchard plot that yielded a calculated Kd value comparable to the low-affinity portion of the curvilinear Scatchard plot for insulin binding. The dissociation rate of bound insulin depended on receptor occupancy. Addition of concanavalin A after insulin binding reached equilibrium resulted in increased insulin binding at higher hormone concentrations, decreased rates of dissociation of insulin and a loss of the correlation between receptor occupancy and dissociation rates. Concanavalin A alone demonstrated an insulin like effect on glucose transport, which in these tumor cells represents a decrease in transport of 3-O-methylglucose. These results suggest that binding of both concanavalin A and insulin to cells from this hormonally responsive neoplasm is under insulin regulation and demonstrates similar characteristics to those reported for a variety of normal cells. Furthermore, the interaction between concanavalin A and te cell membranes affects the affinity of the insulin receptor for insulin and appears to decrease the observed negative cooperativity. PMID- 7020771 TI - Mossbauer spectroscopy of iron-containing dermal granules from Molpadia intermedia. AB - Dermal granules containing hydrous ferric oxide cores from Molpadia intermedia were studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy from 1.5 to 300 K and in magnetic fields up to 80 kOersted at 4.2 K. A magnetic phase transition to an antiferromagnetically ordered state is observed at 10 K. The results are compared with the magnetic behavior of micellar cores of ferritin from eukaryotes and iron storage materials from prokaryotes. PMID- 7020772 TI - [Secondary structure and amino acid composition of protein complex associated with the rod part of myosin molecule]. AB - The secondary structure and amino acid composition of a protein complex (LMM-Rp) bound to the heavy chains (HC) of light meromyosin (LMM), and the secondary structures of LMM and its fractions obtained at an intermediate stage of LMM-Rp preparation were studied. The data obtained were compared with the similar ones for LMM HC and for the myosin light chains (LC). For the secondary structure study the data of CD-spectra were used. This structure was characterized by molar parts of the amino acid residues belonging to four different conformations: alpha helices, beta-structures, beta-bends and irregular coils. In LMM-Rp unlike HC and LC, the alpha-helices are nearly absent, and appreciable parts of irregular coils and beta-bends are present. The amino acid compositions of LMM-Rp, HC and LC markedly differ. This difference is more significant when LMM-Rp is compared with HC, then with LC. This is an accordance with comparable data for the secondary structure. PMID- 7020773 TI - [Photochemical electron transfer in reaction centers of photosynthesis]. AB - Recent works of the Laboratory are reviewed in terms of modern concepts on the nature of primary photoprocesses in reaction centers of photosynthesis. The main feature of the primary charge separation in reaction centers is the fast (within several picoseconds) electron transfer between the pigments of chlorophyllous nature followed by electron transfer stage to nonchlorophyllous electron carriers for several hundreds of picoseconds The primary charge separation is determined by the ability of excited chlorophyll and its analogues to be reversibly oxidized or reduced as well as by peculiar molecular arrangement of pigment system in reaction centers. The stabilization of photochemically generated electron and the hole is realized at the expense of its spatial separation and some loss of energy in the course of electron transfer. PMID- 7020774 TI - Affinity chromatography of aminoacyl-tRNA syntheses on agarose-hexyl-adenosine-5' phosphate. PMID- 7020775 TI - Effects of relaxation and/or biofeedback training upon hip flexion in gymnasts. AB - In study I 10 male gymnasts were matched for hip flexibility and then randomly placed in either a control or a biofeedback group. After warm-up exercises, the control group practiced self-relaxation while the biofeedback group received EMG feedback from the hip extensors. Both groups significantly improved hip flexion from trial 1 to trial 9. The biofeedback group significantly improved more quickly across trials, as measured by slope analysis, than the control group. In Study II 15 female gymnasts were matched for flexibility than randomly placed in control, relaxation, or biofeedback plus relaxation groups. Each gymnast completed STAI (A-state), warm-up exercises, and a 10-minute treatment and was then tested for hip flexion. The control group received no treatment, the second group received modified progressive relaxation, while the last group received relaxation and EMG hip extensor feedback. All groups significantly improved from trial 1 to trial 8 with no one group superior to the others. There were no significant differences among groups for rate of improvement across trials. There were no significant correlations among state anxiety, age, and flexibility measures. PMID- 7020776 TI - Follow-up to: "Tension headaches: what form of therapy is most effective?'. AB - In an earlier study the authors reported on the relative effectiveness of three psychological methods of treating tension headache. This paper reports follow-up data on each procedure and focuses on variables seemingly related to long-term success. Follow-up occurred at 3, 6, and 12 months and involved 1 week of self report records of headache activity and medication dosage. For the 30 original subjects, follow-up information was available for 23, 20, and 18 subjects, respectively, at each of the three follow-up periods. Questionnaire and physiological data indicated that the type of treatment offered was relevant only in explaining initial success. Continued practice of relaxation procedures seemed more important in explaining long-term outcomes. The relationship between type of training and continuing practice seemed to involve several heretofore unspecified "placebo' variables, which were explored and found to influence long-term success rates. Treatment procedures can presumably be modified to include these new variables, thus strengthening this therapeutic process. PMID- 7020777 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis: a study of relaxation and temperature biofeedback training as an adjunctive therapy. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a painful systemic disease and is believed to be exacerbated by stress. Relaxation and biofeedback strategies have demonstrated utility in alleviating both pain and stress-related symptomatology, and therefore were tested for efficacy with this disease in a two-phase study. First, 24 patients were taught a relaxation technique and then trained in either temperature elevation or reduction. Second, a group of 15 patients thus trained was compared with 8 others who received traditional physiotherapy modalities. Psychological tests, functional/physical evaluations, as well as measurements related to pain, sleep, and other activities were carried out. Results of the first study revealed significant and positive changes following treatment that were primarily related to pain, tension, and sleep patterns for both groups, but no differential effects were noted between temperature elevation or reduction conditions. This was attributed to both groups having maintained temperature above baseline during biofeedback training. The results of the second study consistently favored the relaxation and biofeedback over the physiotherapy group on the physical/functional indices. The psychological measures tended to remain constant throughout both studies, leading to the conclusion that the effectiveness of treatment was specific to physical functioning rather than to a psychological enhancement of well-being. PMID- 7020778 TI - Effects of alternative control procedures for electromyographic biofeedback relaxation training. AB - Twenty-four college students participated in a single session of electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback in a comparison of three experimental control procedures commonly employed in biofeedback relaxation training research. One group received contingent EMG biofeedback from the forehead area, and each subject in this group served as his or her own control. Subjects in a second group received noncontingent EMG feedback from a tape recorder but were instructed to use the feedback signal to relax their forehead muscles (single blind). Subjects in a third group received the same auditory feedback as those in the second group but were not told the purpose or source of the feedback stimulus (yoked control). The contingent feedback group showed significantly less EMG activity when compared to the other two groups. However, this group did not exhibit significant EMG level decrements from the beginning to end of the session. This seemingly contradictory finding may have been due to statistically capitalizing on the artifactually high EMG level of the experimental and control groups, although the single-blind and yoked-control groups showed nonsignificant increases across the session. The single-blind group's data had a variance several times larger than the other two groups' variance. Findings are discussed with respect to a "probing" hypothesis as opposed to the previously offered frustration hypothesis. Of the three control procedures, the data suggest the yoked control as the procedure of choice for EMG biofeedback relaxation research. PMID- 7020779 TI - Autonomic responses to stress: the effects of progressive relaxation, the relaxation response, and expectancy of relief. AB - Forty-eight male subjects with no previous meditative experience engaged in either progressive relaxation (PR), a meditative treatment designed to induce the relaxation response (RR), or a no-treatment control experience (C) during four sessions on consecutive days. Negative expectations regarding the effectiveness of each technique for reducing physiological responses to stress were induced for half of the subjects in each treatment condition, and positive expectations were induced for the other half. Subjects viewed a stressful film following practice of their technique during the first and fourth sessions. Heart rate and electrodermal responding were recorded continuously during practice of the techniques and during the stressful film throughout the first and fourth sessions. Results indicated lowered heart rate levels prior to the film for subjects in the PR-positive expectancy condition and during the film for subjects in the RR-positive expectancy condition. It is suggested that subjects' expectancies concerning meditation may affect cardiovascular responding during stress, although meditative treatments in general do not appear to reduce stress responding as effectively as previously suggested. PMID- 7020780 TI - Maturation of early-phase insulin release in the neonatal lamb. AB - Standardized primed continuous glucose infusions were performed in 13 newborn lambs between 4 h and 2 weeks of age to assess the timing of development of glucose-induced early-phase insulin release. Lambs of less than 6 h of age behaved similar to those previously infused in utero, with no early response noted. In contrast, early-phase insulin release was present in lambs of 12 h of age and older. Although basal plasma glucose rose with increasing post-natal age, this rise was not sufficient to account for the appearance of early-phase insulin release. Factors other than the basal glucose level or the birth process itself may be operative. PMID- 7020781 TI - Localization of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in the fetal and neonatal hamster kidney as demonstrated by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopical techniques. AB - Tamm-Horsfall (T-H) glycoprotein was demonstrated in the developing hamster kidney using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopical techniques. The glycoprotein was first observed in the fetal kidneys on the 12th day of gestation and was confined to the luminal surface of the presumed distal tubules of the medulla. It was not until the 14th day of gestation that T-H glycoprotein was also sometimes seen to be associated with the lateral and basal invaginations of the plasma membranes of the now differentiated distal tubules. On the 16th day (1st day post-partum) the glycoprotein was also found in the cortex. Although the general distribution of T-H glycoprotein was at 3-4 days after birth similar to the adult, the full intensity of staining was not attained until after the 21st day. The possible physiological significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7020782 TI - [Antitoxoplasma IgM studied by indirect immunofluorescence and hemagglutination: elimination of false positives and negatives by adsorption of IgG on immobilized protein A]. PMID- 7020783 TI - Dielectric analysis of Escherichia coli suspensions in the light of the theory of interfacial polarization. AB - Dielectric measurements of Escherichia coli suspensions were carried out over a frequency range from 10 kHz to 100 MHz, and marked dielectric dispersions having characteristic frequency of approximately 1 MHz were observed. On the basis of the cell model that a spheroid is covered with two confocal shells, a dielectric theory was developed to determine accurately four electrical parameters for E. coli cells such as the conductivity of the cell wall, the dielectric constant of the cell membrane, and the dielectric constant and the conductivity of the protoplasm. The observed data were analyzed by means of the procedure based on the dielectric theory to yield a set of plausible electrical parameters for the cells. By taking account of the size distribution of the cells and a dielectric relaxation of the protoplasm, the observed dispersion curves were successfully reconstituted by the present theory. PMID- 7020784 TI - Monte Carlo simulation of particle adsorption rates at high cell concentration. AB - A practical method of simulating Brownian diffusion of small particles and their adsorption by randomly placed cells is used to estimate the adsorption process rate constant. The ratio of the rate constant to its classical value, 4 pi RD for dilute perfectly adsorbing spheres, is found to be determined by cellular excluded volume. This ratio varies from 1 for dilute solutions of spheres to approximately 40 for spheres in the maximum possible concentration. A function that usefully estimates the rate constant for all possible values of cell concentration, cell radius, and particle diffusion constant is given for random fields of identical spherical cells. The method is also applied to primitive cubic, body centered, and face centered lattices of spheres. At any given excluded volume and concentration the face and body centered lattices have about the same adsorption rate constant whereas the primitive cubic lattices has a smaller one which is, in turn, greater than that for randomly placed spheres. The results will be useful in determining diffusion limited reaction rates under high excluded volume conditions. These include adsorption by red blood cells at normal concentration, the adsorption of molecules by beads in a column, and adsorption of bacteriophage at very high bacterial concentrations. PMID- 7020785 TI - Sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation as a function of DNA content in Escherichia coli B/r. AB - Populations of Escherichia coli B/r A were grown to log phase at various growth rates determined by the richness of the medium. The genome content, G, was calculated from log phase doubling times by means of the Cooper-Helmstetter formula. Cell volumes were measured and found to vary linearly with this genome content. Cells with various DNA contents were prepared for ultraviolet irradiation and plated for dark repair under similar conditions. The resulting logarithmic survival curves were all similar in shape: convex up, with straight line portions having approximately the same slope (D0 = 11.4 +/- 0.2 J/m2). The shoulders however increase in width with calculated DNA content giving an extrapolation number which varies roughly as exp(G) or exp (0.6 Gmax). PMID- 7020786 TI - A computer model for the 30S ribosome subunit. AB - We describe a computer-generated model for the locations of the 21 proteins of the 30S subunit of the E. coli ribosome. The model uses a new method of incorporating experimental measurements based on a mathematical technique called distance geometry. In this paper, we use data from two sources: immunoelectron microscopy and neutron-scattering studies. The data are generally self-consistent and lead to a set of relatively well-defined structures in which individual protein coordinates differ by approximately 20 A from one structure to another. Two important features of this calculation are the use of extended proteins rather than just the centers of mass, and the ability to confine the protein locations within an arbitrary boundary surface so that only solutions with an approximate 30S "shape" are permitted. PMID- 7020787 TI - A new approach to the theory of linear dichroism in partially ordered systems. Application to reaction centers and whole cells of photosynthetic bacteria. AB - We have developed a new approach to the theory of linear dichroism in partially ordered systems. The description of the partially ordered ensemble uses a density of states function, D(theta, phi, approximately delta), which gives the probability that the direction of polarization for incident polarized light has spherical angles theta and phi in an axis system fixed with respect to the molecule; approximately delta = (delta 1, delta 2...delta n) is a set of parameters that describes the partial ordering. We derive new formulas for linear dichroism using the density of states function and then apply these formulas to the analysis of linear dichroism in reaction centers and whole cells of photosynthetic bacteria. One advantage of our approach is that the order parameter, approximately delta, provides a more complete description of the distribution function than the traditional order parameters used by other authors. Knowledge of approximately delta gives a good physical description of the partial ordering and allows one to calculate accurate limits for the range of possible orientations of the transition moments. PMID- 7020788 TI - Structural analysis of mannans from Candida albicans serotypes A and B and from Torulopsis glabrata by methylation gas chromatography mass spectrometry and exo alpha-mannanase. AB - Mannans of Candida albicans serotypes A and B and of Torulopsis glabrata were subjected to methylation analysis and the resulting monosaccharides were converted to the peracetylaldononitrile derivatives and subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Serotype A differed from B in having more 1 leads to 2 linked mannosyl residues (46.2 vs 37.1 mol%) indicating longer oligomannosyl sidechains; mannosyl branch points linked through C-1, C-3 and C-6 were detected for the first time in C. albicans mannans and were more abundant in serotype B (9.2 vs 5.3 mol%). T. glabrata mannan differed from that of C. albicans in having virtually no (1.6 mol%) unsubstituted sugars in the linear backbone and less 1 leads to 2 linked mannosyl residues (33.1 mol%) interpreted as shorter oligomannosyl sidechains. Model building of a repeating unit for the outer chain region of these mannans was prevented by the large amount of nonreducing terminal mannosyl residues, 23.0 mol% for C. albicans A, that probably arise from the inner core region. These mannans were exposed to exo alpha-mannanase and the percentage of digestion, measured as reducing sugar released, was 33.5% for C. albicans B; 27.4% for T. glabrata, and C. albicans A was refractory (5.4% digested). PMID- 7020789 TI - Alan Chadburn Burton (1904-1979). PMID- 7020790 TI - Hemorheology of turbulence. PMID- 7020791 TI - [Experimental protection of the myocardium from anoxic damage by a weak solution of formalin]. AB - Experiments on 80 noninbred rats and 135 rabbits have demonstrated for the first time the possibility of cardioplegia induction with a 0.25% formaldehyde solution. In experimental heterotopic heart transplantation, cardiac function could be restored by perfusion of donor blood within up to 3 hours after cardioplegia. This was associated with restitution of sinus rhythm and direct electrical excitability, with normalization of the intraventricular pressure (for the model described). Histological, histochemical, electron microscopic and electrophysiological studies have shown that low concentrations of formaldehyde solution inhibit myocardial energy metabolism and reversibly inhibit the enzymatic activity, preventing proteolysis and thus contributing to the preservation of heart viability. PMID- 7020792 TI - [In vivo activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes directed against the product of gene H 2Kb and its mutant alleles]. AB - Experiments were carried out on C57BL/6 (B6) (H-2b) mice and their derived mutants on H-2Kb gene: H-2Kbm1, H-2Kbm3 and H-2Kbm4. It was shown that tolerance of H-2Kbm1 mutant to H-2kb antigen diminishes the strength of rejection of skin grafts of H-2Kbm3 mutant donor. The H-2Kbm3 mutant tolerant to H-2Kbm1 antigen also showed weak rejection of maternal B6 recipient to H-2Kbm4 skin grafts. The tolerance induction of B6 recipients to H-2Kbm3 mutant antigen had no influence on the rejection of H-2Kbm1 skin grafts. The results are discussed from the standpoint of heterogenous clones of the cytotoxic lymphocytes reacting against H 2K molecules in the course of graft rejection. PMID- 7020793 TI - [Effect of 60Co gamma rays and fast neutrons on intravascular platelet aggregation and vessel wall prostacyclin activity]. AB - The influence of gamma-rays 60Co and fast neutrons on intravascular platelet aggregation and prostacyclin activity of the vascular wall has been studied. It has been shown that 1-6 hours after irradiation of CBA mice, a great number of bone marrow platelets clump to form fibrin fibrils that often close completely the vascular lumen. Experiments with irradiated rats and guinea-pigs have demonstrated the reduction of prostacyclin-like activity in the abdominal aorta wall. PMID- 7020795 TI - [Formation of bone marrow organs following transplantation of cell suspensions to sponges]. AB - Heterotopic transplantation of bone marrow monocellular suspensions in gelatin and collagenous sponges is highly effective in promoting osteal tissue formation and organization of hemopoietic microenvironment. This depends on the presence in the transplant of a framework for the growth of stromal mechanocytes. Formation of bone marrow organs proceeds at a greater efficacy on using trypsinized bone marrow cells versus those isolated by mechanical techniques. PMID- 7020794 TI - [Etiologic mechanisms of carbohydrate-induced hyperlipemia]. AB - Experiments on rats with hyperlipemia induced by carbohydrates have been shown that synthesis of apoprotein B by the liver and its relative content in very low density proteins (VLDP) of the liver and blood increase. This is accompanied by accelerated metabolism of C-III in blood VLDP and by hyperinsulinemia suggesting that hyperinsulinemia may be regarded as one of the mechanisms by which there occurs hyperlipemia under high carbohydrate diets. PMID- 7020796 TI - [Transfer of bone marrow microenvironment by stromal cells grown in culture and transplanted into sponges]. AB - Monocellular suspensions from trypsinized CBA mouse bone marrow cells were explanted to monolayer cultures. The cells of the adhesive layer withdrawn from 15-30-day cultures were transplanted in gelatin sponges beneath the kidney capsule from syngeneic recipients. The transplantation was accompanied by bone formation and by transfer of bone marrow microenvironment in the overwhelming majority of cases. PMID- 7020797 TI - [Effect of phenformin on fetal mass in rats previously immunized with an extract of homologous thyroid gland]. AB - Rats immunized with homologous thyroid antigen 9-27 weeks before delivery manifest an increase in the mean weight of fetus as compared with normal pregnant rats. Administration of phenformin (7.5 mg/day per os) during immunization and over 30 days after its discontinuance led to a significant weight reduction as compared with immunized animals not given phenformin. The latter's effect became more potent with an increase in the interval between immunization discontinuance and delivery. Prophylaxis and cure of the latent and evident autoimmune lesions of the thyroid gland during childhood and juvenescence are regarded as approaches to the prevention of endocrine and metabolic disorders favouring large fetus delivery. PMID- 7020799 TI - [Granulopoietic progenitor cells and the hemopoietic potential of a graft: a study in the dog model (author's transl)]. AB - Four beagles received a standardized dose of 33000-44000 CFU-C per kg b.w. isolated from the peripheral blood of DLA-identical donors. Three had permanent reconstitution of hemopoiesis while in one regeneration was abortive. This indicates that the CFU-C assay is able to predict for the hemopoietic potential of a graft. However, considerable differences in the regeneration pattern of CFU C in the bone marrow demonstrated that the number of repopulating stem cells was variable. PMID- 7020798 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemias: antibody treatment for suppression of graft-versus-host disease (author's transl)]. AB - Anti-human-thymocyte globulin (AHTZG) was applied to prevent GvHD in clinical bone marrow transplantation. AHTZG produced by absorption with several cell preparations reacted specifically with T-lymphocyte populations and was no longer inhibitory to human CFUc and bone marrow growth in diffusion chambers. Marrow grafts of 14 patients with ALL were incubated in vitro with AHTZG and transferred to the recipients conditioned with antileukemic chemotherapy and total body irradiation of 1000 rad. Ten patients were transplanted after relapse, four patients during remission. The patients tolerated the marrow without side effects and a hemopoietic engraftment was seen in 12 cases. Three patients showed signs of GvHD on the skin, two of them showed later on also manifestations in the liver. In the other cases no GvHD could be detected. Five out of 14 patients are still alive between 144 and 964 days post transplantation in remission. PMID- 7020800 TI - Eulogy: Jonas Robitscher , JD, MD, Oct. 28, 1920 - March 25, 1981. PMID- 7020801 TI - Erwin H. Ackerknecht's seventy-fifth birthday. PMID- 7020802 TI - Stealing the golden eggs: Ernest Amory Codman and the science and management of medicine. PMID- 7020803 TI - Acedia the sin and its relationship to sorrow and melancholia in medieval times. PMID- 7020804 TI - Public health in Toronto's municipal politics: the Canniff years, 1883-1890. PMID- 7020805 TI - Almshouse to municipal hospital: the Baltimore experience. PMID- 7020806 TI - Typhus disaster in the wake of war: the American-Polish Relief Expedition, 1919 1920. PMID- 7020807 TI - Physician-chiropractors: medical presence in the evolution of chiropractic. PMID- 7020808 TI - Matthieu Maty and the adoption of inoculation for smallpox in Holland. PMID- 7020809 TI - Bottle feeding: an amplification. PMID- 7020810 TI - Owen H. Wangensteen (1898-1981). PMID- 7020812 TI - Selected bibliography on khat. PMID- 7020811 TI - The first mental hospital for American Indians, 1900-1934. PMID- 7020813 TI - In praise of progress reports. PMID- 7020814 TI - VA rehabilitation Engineering Center (VAREC). PMID- 7020815 TI - Veterans Administration Rehabilitative Engineering Research and Development Service Programs. PMID- 7020817 TI - Group psychotherapy. PMID- 7020816 TI - School phobia: a therapeutic trial with clomipramine and short-term outcome. AB - A double-blind trial failed to demonstrate any significant short-term effects of clomipramine in doses recommended for use in general practice (in addition to the usual range of psychotherapeutic help) in the treatment of children with school refusal and neurotic disorder. Patterns of improvement were also studied for the sample as a whole irrespective of treatment. Neither age nor sex were significantly related to improvement, except on one behavioural measure where girls initially did better than boys. In addition, it was found that there was a rapid relief of depression but neurotic symptomatology tended to persist. PMID- 7020818 TI - An early case of battle hysteria. PMID- 7020819 TI - The two manias: a study of the evolution of the modern concept of mania. PMID- 7020820 TI - Short-term antibiotic prophylaxis and prostatectomy. AB - Two hundred patients undergoing prostatic surgery at 2 hospitals were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups. The groups were a control, cephalexin, co trimoxazole and carfecillin treated groups. The incidence of urinary tract infections and other complications of prostatic surgery were studied in each group after a short-term prophylactic regime of 3 doses of the antibiotic. The incidence of urinary infection was significantly improved from 28% in the control group to 8% and 16% in the co-trimoxazole and cephalexin groups respectively. Carfecillin was not effective in reducing urinary infection. However, all 3 antibiotics reduced the incidence of other infective sequelae. PMID- 7020821 TI - Teflon tape suspension for the control of stress incontinence. AB - Vaginal surgery for the relief of stress incontinence has a failure rate which is unacceptable. Since 1964 the authors have combined in the management of female urinary disorders. Where surgery was indicated the combined approach was used as the primary procedure. The bladder neck was elevated by a technique of suspension using 2 mm Teflon tape, via the cave of Retzius. It was not a sling. The results of 100 consecutive operations are presented. The team approach has lead to a better understanding and management of all varieties of female bladder problems. PMID- 7020822 TI - The bacterial content of the female urethra. A new method of study. PMID- 7020823 TI - A simple technique for handling the kidney graft during transplantation. PMID- 7020824 TI - The metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens. PMID- 7020825 TI - DNA as a target of alkylating carcinogens. PMID- 7020826 TI - Cellular responses to carcinogen-induced DNA damage and the role of DNA repair. PMID- 7020827 TI - In-vivo-in-vitro analysis of ethylnitrosourea-induced brain carcinogenesis in the rat. PMID- 7020828 TI - Multistage carcinogenesis in the urinary bladder. PMID- 7020829 TI - Carcinogenesis by fungal products. PMID- 7020830 TI - The history and future of chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 7020831 TI - Bacterial mutation as an indicator of carcinogenicity. PMID- 7020832 TI - Carcinogenic synergism and its reflection in vitro. PMID- 7020833 TI - INteractions between carcinogens and proteins. PMID- 7020834 TI - Bacterial metabolism and human carcinogenesis. PMID- 7020835 TI - Clinical features and classification of the muscular dystrophies. PMID- 7020836 TI - Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Genetic aspects, carrier detection and antenatal diagnosis. PMID- 7020837 TI - Clinical biochemistry of muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7020838 TI - The heart in muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7020839 TI - The respiratory system in muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7020840 TI - Management of muscular dystrophy. Pharmacological and physical aspects. PMID- 7020841 TI - Morphological changes in dystrophic muscle. PMID- 7020842 TI - Skeletal muscle: regeneration and transplantation studies. PMID- 7020843 TI - Studies of muscular performance in normal and dystrophic subjects. PMID- 7020844 TI - Intermediary metabolism of muscle in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7020845 TI - Tissue culture of dystrophic muscle cells. PMID- 7020846 TI - Animal models: what is their relevance to the pathogenesis of human muscular dystrophy? PMID- 7020847 TI - Tumour localization. PMID- 7020848 TI - Dynamic radionuclide imaging. PMID- 7020849 TI - Radionuclide emission imaging. Single-photon techniques including radiopharmaceutical developments. PMID- 7020850 TI - Positron emission tomography and measurements of regional tissue function in man. PMID- 7020851 TI - Nuclear medicine in clinical cardiology. PMID- 7020852 TI - Doppler ultrasound in clinical diagnosis. PMID- 7020853 TI - Ultrasound in obstetrics and gynaecology. Recent developments. PMID- 7020854 TI - Abdominal ultrasound diagnosis. PMID- 7020856 TI - New developments in ultrasonic equipment. PMID- 7020855 TI - Cardiac ultrasound. PMID- 7020857 TI - Developments in contrast media applied to neuroradiology. PMID- 7020858 TI - The validity and use of computed tomography attenuation values. PMID- 7020859 TI - Recent technical developments in x-ray computed tomography and digital radiography. PMID- 7020860 TI - Bone density measurement with computed tomography. PMID- 7020861 TI - Protein nutrition in clinical practice. PMID- 7020862 TI - Physiology of iron absorption and supplementation. PMID- 7020864 TI - Biochemical and clinical aspects of vitamin D function. PMID- 7020863 TI - Trace elements. Potential importance in human nutrition with particular reference to zinc and vanadium. PMID- 7020865 TI - Thermogenesis and obesity. PMID- 7020867 TI - Nutrition and protein turnover in man. PMID- 7020866 TI - Diet and coronary heart disease. PMID- 7020868 TI - Essential fatty acid deficiency. PMID- 7020869 TI - Nutrition, bacteria and the gut. PMID- 7020870 TI - Lactation and infant nutrition. PMID- 7020871 TI - Nutrition and ageing. PMID- 7020872 TI - Immunocompetence as a functional index of nutritional status. PMID- 7020873 TI - Investigative techniques in small animal clinical dermatology. PMID- 7020874 TI - Streptococcus uberis: a review of its role as a causative organism of bovine mastitis. II. Control of infection. PMID- 7020875 TI - Livestock improvement and disease in dairy cattle. PMID- 7020876 TI - Insulin-induced hypoglycemic coma and regional cerebral energy metabolism. AB - Swiss-Albino female mice weighing 20 g were rendered hypoglycemic by injecting insulin (2 units/kg). Animals were sacrificed at 40 min (pre-coma), 2 h (coma) and 4.5 h (recovery) after insulin injection by rapid submersion in liquid N2. Following sectioning at 20 micrometer, samples from the ascending reticular activating system and the inferior colliculus were freeze-dried and assayed for glucose, lactate, ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr). There was a preferential effect of hypoglycemia on ATP and PCr in cells of the ascending reticular activating system. ATP was depleted 30%, and PCr 55% in the pre-coma stage. ATP and PCr in cells from the inferior colliculus were not decreased. This selective effect on cells of the ascending reticular activating system followed by coma suggests that the coma per se may not represent total failure of the organism, but rather a compensatory mechanism designed to permit the animal to correct its compromised energy status. PMID- 7020877 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of cathepsin D in rat neural tissue. AB - The localization of cathepsin D (CD) in normal adult rat neural tissue was determined with an indirect immunoperoxidase technique utilizing rabbit anti rat brain CD followed by a horseradish peroxidase conjugate of the Fab portion of goat antirabbit IgG. The immunoreactive enzyme protein was distributed predominantly in a granular pattern, presumably lysosomal, in neurons and choroid plexus epithelium. Smaller amounts were detected in oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells. The neuronal localization included the perikaryon and its processes, was widely distributed, and displayed a range of staining intensities in different anatomical areas. Immunoreactive CD was heavily concentrated in brain stem and spinal cord motoneurons, large neurons of the caudate nucleus, neurons of several nuclear groups, especially the paraventricular and supraoptic, in the hypothalamus, and neurons of superior cervical and dorsal root ganglia. CD was also readily detected in brain stem sensory neurons, pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, inferior olive and Purkinje cells, but was absent or present in very small quantities in the granule cells of the cerebellar cortex, the more superficial layers of the neocortex, and smaller neurons of the caudate nucleus. This distribution suggests that CD may have a major role in specific chemical events in neural functions and peptidergic pathways and could be involved in the alterations of certain neural structures in disease states. PMID- 7020878 TI - Mapping of neuronal contacts with intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase and Lucifer yellow in combination. AB - A technique for the simultaneous visualization in the light microscope of processes of neurons filled with horseradish peroxidase and Lucifer yellow in combination has been developed. The technique is applied to determine the location, number and distribution of presumptive synaptic sites between neurons in the leech central nervous system. PMID- 7020879 TI - In vivo activity of purified mouse brain renin. AB - Mouse brain renin and kidney renin were purified by a 3-step procedure: acetone powder extraction. Sephadex G-100 chromatography, and blue agarose affinity chromatography. The latter efficiently separated from cathepsin D-like acid protease activity. Mouse brain renin had an optimum of enzyme activity of pH 7.0. This differed from mouse kidney renin, which had an optimum at pH 8.5. In vitro, brain renin formed angiotensin I from rat plasma angiotensinogen and had no angiotensinase activity. Mouse brain renin was inhibited by monospecific antibodies raised against pure mouse submandibular gland renin. In vivo activity of the enzyme was tested by injection of brain renin into the lateral brain ventricle of rats. This resulted in the formation of angiotensin I from endogenous brain angiotensinogen, in the stimulation of water uptake, and in a long-lasting increase of arterial blood pressure. The latter could be blocked by the competitive angiotensin II receptor antagonist, saralasin. The results showed that brain renin is active under physiological conditions. PMID- 7020880 TI - Brain extracts that promote the proliferation of neuroblasts from chick embryo in culture. AB - The effects of brain and meningeal extracts from chick embryos on the proliferation of cultured neuroblasts from chick embryo cerebral hemispheres were studied. Morphological observations, counts of the cultured neurons, determination of DNA and protein contents as well as [3H]thymidine incorporation measurements were made to evaluate the proliferative activity of the neuroblasts. We demonstrated a stimulatory effect of brain extract from 8-day-old embryos on the proliferative activity of neuroblasts from chick embryos younger than 7 days. Brain extracts from older chick embryos and meningeal extract possess less stimulatory effect. PMID- 7020881 TI - [Phagocytic activity of leukocytes and diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020882 TI - [The beginnings of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy in Slovakia]. PMID- 7020883 TI - [Population-genetical structure of a region with increased occurrence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020884 TI - [Methodic experiences with the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in diagnosis of toxoplasmosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020885 TI - [Mechanism of the contraction-relaxation cycle of the heart]. PMID- 7020886 TI - [Ophthalmological optical research equipment. Development and present state]. PMID- 7020887 TI - The dentist who treated cows (Dr. J. D. Patterson). PMID- 7020888 TI - Dedicated dentist and community servant (Dr. Earl Brown Miller). PMID- 7020889 TI - Intravenous glucose tolerance test during anaesthesia in dogs: insulin response and glucose clearance. AB - To evaluate the insulin response and the rates of disappearance of glucose from plasma during high spinal analgesia and various types of general anaesthesia, a series of intravenous glucose tolerance tests was performed in six dogs. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured during the intravenous glucose tolerance tests. Insulinogenic indices were calculated. The values obtained during anaesthesia were compared to those obtained during an unanaesthetized state. The insulinogenic index was increased significantly during high spinal analgesia and thiopentone infusion. Halothane and enflurane anaesthesia decreased the insulinogenic index significantly while Innovar-nitrous oxide also decreased it, but not significantly. These findings suggest that insulin secretion in response to hyperglycaemia is stimulated by spinal analgesia and thiopentone anaesthesia, depressed by halothane and enflurane anaesthesia and unchanged during neuroleptanesthesia. A diuresis was observed in the thiopentone anaesthetic and spinal analgesic groups as compared to the other general anaesthetic groups. Urinary losses of insulin and glucose paralleled urinary output; yet the greatest mean urinary loss of glucose did not exceed 4.5 per cent of the load of glucose administered. Accordingly, 95 per cent of the administered glucose remained within the body, presumably available for utilization. PMID- 7020890 TI - A double-blind comparison of carbonated lidocaine and lidocaine hydrochloride in epidural anaesthesia. AB - Twenty patients having a standard epidural anaesthetic were randomly assigned to receive 20 ml of either carbonated lidocaine 1.73 per cent or lidocaine hydrochloride 2.0 per cent, containing epinephrine 1:200,000. An observer unaware of the solution used measured speed of onset, quality of block, and duration of action. No significant difference was demonstrated in the speed of onset or duration of the block. Carbonated lidocaine gave an improved motor block and showed a trend towards giving fewer missed segments than lidocaine hydrochloride. PMID- 7020891 TI - Conformation of cross-linked aspartate transcarbamoylase. AB - We have previously shown that aspartate transcarbamylase loses its substrate cooperativity after modification with a cross-linking reagent. Depending on the presence or absence of substrate analogues during cross-linking, the derivatives resemble the relaxed (R) or taut (T) state, respectively. In the present study, we attempt to characterize the conformation of these derivatives and the effects of ligands. The putative T-state derivative was similar to the native enzyme in its reactivity towards p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and in the increase of reactivity upon addition of succinate. However, unlike the native enzyme it was not activated by succinate at low substrate concentrations. On the other hand, the putative R-state derivative showed greatly enhanced reactivity which was not substantially increased by succinate. In the presence of urea, the native enzyme and the two cross-linked derivatives all resembled the R state. Thus at low substrate concentrations urea activated both the native enzyme and the t-state derivative. In contrast, the effect of urea on the R state derivative is mainly inhibitory. The above results show that the R state has been definitely stabilized whereas the T-state derivative retains some conformational flexibility. Our observations also indicate that the conformational change induced by succinate has two distinct components of which only one is allowed in the T-state derivative. PMID- 7020892 TI - The application of the soluble antigen fluorescent antibody test for the diagnosis of avian influenza. AB - The application of the soluble antigen fluorescent test as a tool for serological investigation of influenza type A infection in wild birds was studied. The soluble antigen fluorescent antibody test is basically an indirect fluorescent antibody test except that an artificial matrix of cellulose acetate discs is used as a substrate for antigen and the test results are scanned and recorded by a fluorometer. THe influenza type A soluble antigen fluorescent antibody was obtained from concentrated and detergent disrupted virus particles, absorbed onto cellulose acetate discs. Anti-influenza sera were prepared in pheasants and ducks to A/turkey/Ontario/6118/67 and in pigeons to A/turkey/Ontario/6213/68. The antigen-antibody complex was detected by specific staining with monovalent or polyvalent fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated rabbit anti-avian immunoglobulins. The soluble antigen fluorescent antibody test is a sensitive technique for the detection of specific influenza A antibodies in several avian species, and could be adapted for use in large scale surveys. PMID- 7020893 TI - Nicotinic acid inhibits enterotoxin-induced jejunal secretion in the pig. AB - The use of nicotinic acid for preventing intestinal secretion caused by cholera toxin and by the heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli has been investigated in the weanling pig. Secretory effects were measured in ligated jejunal loops of halothane-anesthetized pigs by dilution of a nonabsorbable marker added to the loop fluid. Different routes of administration and different initial pH values for nicotinate solutions were studied to determine optimal conditions for secretory inhibition. The neutral sodium salt of nicotinic acid had no significant antisecretory activity under any conditions used in these trials. Inhibition of secretion was most effective with partly neutralized nicotinic acid at pH 4.5 added directly to loops containing enterotoxin. Net fluid secretion induced by cholera toxin or heat-stable enterotoxin of E. coli was prevented by this treatment. Reversal of secretion was not accompanied by any measurable changes in cyclic nucleotide concentration in intestinal mucosa. Nicotinic acid antagonism of a secretory step common to cholera toxin and heat stable enterotoxin of E. coli but subsequent to cyclic nucleotide involvement is indicated by these data. PMID- 7020894 TI - Dose-response of ponies to parenteral Escherichia coli endotoxin. AB - The response of the pony to increasing doses of Escherichia coli endotoxin was evaluated using intravenous and intraperitoneal administration models. Marked changes were seen in all parameters measured following endotoxin administration. Leukopenia (neutropenia, lymphopenia) and thrombocytopenia were not dose dependent. Similarly, elevated plasma fibrinogen and altered glucose concentrations (hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia), pyrexia and increased lactate/pyruvate ratios were apparent at all endotoxin doses but were not dose related. The widely used packed cell volume and capillary refill time, we well as blood lactate and possibly serum beta-glucuronidase, were increased in a dose related manner. PMID- 7020895 TI - Differential expression of cytoplasmic proteins during yeast bud and germ tube formation in Candida albicans. AB - Changes in the identity and quantity of proteins synthesized during morphogenesis may result from alterations in gene expression in the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans. Stationary phase yeast cells, upon resuming growth at 25 degrees C, form budding yeast and at 37 degrees C form germ tubes. In order to identify proteins associated with morphogenesis, we compared cytoplasmic proteins synthesized during germ tube and bud formation. Proteins synthesized during this period were labeled at four intervals with either [3H]leucine or [35S]methionine and separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This study shows that, of the 230 proteins resolved on each gel, 5 were specific to the yeast morphology and 2 proteins showed reduction in net synthesis in the mycelial phase. There were, however, no mycelium-specific proteins at any labeling period. The majority of proteins were common to both morphologies and showed no major shift in number during resumption of growth. The observations reported here suggest that differential gene expression occurs during morphogenesis of C. albicans. PMID- 7020896 TI - Comparison of Marion's anaerobic culture/set-A and the Baltimore Biological Laboratory Gaspak anaerobic system in the cultivation and recovery of bacteria from human dental plaque. AB - Marion's anerobic culture/set-A (Bio-Bag A) and the Baltimore Biological Laboratory (BBL) Gaspak anaerobic system were evaluated for their efficiency in the cultivation and recovery of anaerobes and capnophilic organisms from human dental plaque samples. Both culture systems were relatively efficient in supporting the growth of pure culture of various bacterial species recently isolated from the human dental plaques. When the dental plaque samples were cultured the organisms commonly found were cultivatable in both culture systems. However, the counts and proportions of Fusobacterium nucleatum from the samples were significantly higher in Marion's culture system, whereas the proportions of black-pigmented Bacteroides sp. were significantly higher in the BBL anaerobic system. PMID- 7020897 TI - The assay of adenosine 5'-triphosphate extracted from salt-marsh microbiota. AB - The light-emitting reaction of firefly luciferin and luciferase is a common ingredient in the quantification of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) extracted from the microbiota of environmental samples. Both portions of the light-emission phase of the luciferase reaction, the primary flash within 3 s of mixing and the secondary decay in the luminescence following the flash, have been used to quantify extracted ATP. However, the magnitude of the secondary phase is influenced by nucleotides other than ATP. The impact of this influence on the quantification of ATP was studied in samples collected from the water covering a salt marsh. Analysis by integration of the secondary decay portion of the emission yielded values of ATP per cubic metre that were consistently higher than those obtained by peak height analysis of the same extracts. Assays using the integration technology resulted in values that were up to 8 (mean = 3.6) times higher than corresponding values determined by peak height analysis in unfractionated samples (total microbial biomass) and up to 16 (mean = 4.8) times higher in water that had been prefiltered with a 1.0 micrometer filter (bacterial biomass). PMID- 7020899 TI - Escherichia coli endotoxic shock complicating Bartholin's gland abscess. PMID- 7020900 TI - Antihypertensive efficacy of alpha-methyldopa, chlorothiazide and Supres-150 (alpha-methyldopa-chlorothiazide). AB - Twenty-two white men and two white women with uncomplicated essential hypertension participated in a randomized double-blind trial comparing placebo with alpha-methyldopa (750 mg/d orally) and chlorothiazide (450 mg/d orally), alone or in combination. There were no significant differences in blood pressures as measured with the patients lying down; however, with the patients standing the systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures were significantly lower (P < 0.05) after treatment with alpha-methyldopa or the combination product. The higher the blood pressure before treatment, the greater the fall with treatment. Adverse effects were infrequent. PMID- 7020901 TI - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle: 50 years since the physician-author's death. PMID- 7020902 TI - Common psychiatric problems in homosexual men and women consulting family physicians. AB - This paper describes the commoner psychiatric difficulties of homosexual patients seen in a family practice. It is written primarily to aid general practitioners in deciding who should be referred to a psychiatrist. Recent developments in the study of homosexuality indicate that homosexual persons are no more likely than heterosexuals to suffer psychiatric problems. Practical suggestions are made for management and counseling, and some of the misconceptions about the gay community are dispelled. PMID- 7020898 TI - Surface receptors on lymphoreticular cells: sensory devices for host recognition of foreign antigens and neoplasia. AB - Distinct types of cells in the lymphoreticular system regulate an individual's immunologic homeostasis and response to disease. By means of multiple receptors the cell membrane transfers signals between the environment and the cell. This article reviews the important surface antigens and receptors on normal and activated macrophages (e.g., receptors for the crystallizable fragment [Fc] of immunoglobulin), on lymphocytes derived from the bone marrow (e.g., immunoglobulins and immune-associated [Ia] antigens), on thymus-derived lymphocytes (e.g., Thy-1 antigens) and on "null' cells. Although many of these markers were originally defined in rodents and birds, analogous markers in humans have proved extremely useful in characterizing lymphoreticular cell populations in healthy and sick individuals. Established and postulated functions of the markers in host defence mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7020904 TI - Travelling archives depict early days in Canadian medicine. PMID- 7020905 TI - Contributions made to Canadian medicine during World War II. PMID- 7020903 TI - Combination v. sequential therapy with melphalan, 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate for advanced ovarian cancer. AB - The results of a national clinical trial to compare combination and sequential chemotherapy for stage III or IV ovarian cancer are reported. Of the 253 patients from 16 centres across Canada who were admitted to the trial 13 were excluded from the analysis. All the patients were observed for 2 to 5 years from entry into the trial. There were no differences in response to therapy or in survival between the patients treated with melphalan followed by 5-fluorouracil and then by methotrexate in high dosage and the patients treated with the same agents in combination. Patients with minimal residual disease after resection of stage III ovarian cancer had a good prognosis. Other favourable prognostic factors were age (less than 55 years), performance status (90% or 100% on the Karnofsky scale) and histologic grade of the tumour. PMID- 7020906 TI - Osteopathy: is there a place in Canadian medicine? PMID- 7020907 TI - Genital herpes simplex. AB - Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the herpes simplex virus. Following the initial infection the virus becomes latent in the sacral ganglia. Approximately 80% of patients are then subject to milder but unpredictable recurrences and may shed the virus even when they are asymptomatic. The disorder causes concern because genital herpes in the mother can result in rare but catastrophic neonatal infection and because of a possible association between genital herpes and cancer of the cervix. No effective treatment is as yet available. Weekly monitoring for virus by cervical culture from 32 weeks' gestation is recommended for women with a history of genital herpes and for those whose sexual partner has such a history. PMID- 7020908 TI - Seventy years of editorial excellence. PMID- 7020909 TI - Dr. Gordon Fahrni: reminiscing on 70 years of medicine. Interview by Brian Berube. PMID- 7020910 TI - A critical analysis of French psychiatric nosology. AB - The authors trace French psychiatric nosology since the turn of the century as it has developed clinical concepts not generally recognized by American psychiatrists. They claim the autonomy of three distinct (non-schizophrenic) chronic delusional psychoses is supported by clinical and statistical data, although current diagnostic practice fails to apply the same criteria to the differentiation of (non-schizophrenic) acute delusional psychoses, also recognized in France as an autonomous group. The authors suggest that French clinical findings have interesting practical implications for the study and treatment of that group of patients diagnosed in America as schizophrenics, a significant percentage of whom would be expected spontaneous remission without treatment. PMID- 7020912 TI - Renal oncocytoma. Report of five cases and review of literature. AB - Cases of renal cell carcinomas seen between 1963 and 1977 were reviewed. Five of these cases (4.66%) were reclassified as renal oncocytomas. The distinctive appearance of this lesion is a well circumscribed, uniform tan-brown tumor with a prominent central scar and lack of necrosis or hemorrhage. Light and electron microscopy confirmed the oncocytic features of the tumor cells. A possible association with smoking is suggested. Angiographic studies may assist in preoperative diagnosis. The clinical course of patients with renal oncocytoma is definitely benign. PMID- 7020911 TI - Trace elements in the fetal and neonate ruminant: a review. AB - The placental transfer and localization of four elements, Se, Fe, I and Zn in the ruminant fetus are described in this review. The problems facing the fetus or neonate born from cows or ewes with an inadequate supply of these elements during gestation are discussed. PMID- 7020913 TI - Racial and socioeconomic factors in cancer survival. A comparison of Veterans Administration results with selected studies. AB - The survival experience of 46,000 Veterans Administration (VA) male cancer patients was analyzed and compared with the results of three other studies. In the VA data, no significant differences were found between white and black patient cancer survival rates except for bladder cancer; this observation differs from those in other studies. In the VA, all patients receive the same treatment with no distinctions whereas most U. S. hospitals place their patients into categories based on ability to pay. This factor probably accounts for the lack of racial differences in survival rates in the VA and the existence of racial or socioeconomic differences in survival rates in the other studies. PMID- 7020914 TI - Extratesticular gonadal stomal tumor in the pelvis. A case report with immunoperoxidase findings. AB - A 40-year-old man with two normally descended testicles and no signs of hormonal anomalies developed a fist-sized extraperitoneal tumor to the left of the urinary bladder. Histologic diagnosis was that of a probably malignant gonadal stromal tumor because of considerable mitotic activity and widespread vascular invasion. Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy showed no metastatic disease, and the patient is well two years after surgery. By use of an immunoperoxidase method we could demonstrate estradiol and testosterone in the tumor cells. The findings in this case are unique in regard to the extratesticular location of the tumor and support the current view that gonadal stromal tumors arise from a primitive cell with a multidirectional potential for differentiation. PMID- 7020915 TI - Preliminary report on the efficacy of sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in advanced breast cancer. AB - Recent in vitro and animal tumor studies suggest that sequential methotrexate (MTX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) may be much more tumoricidal than either drug when used alone or in conventional combinations. Seventeen evaluable female patients with advanced carcinoma of the breast were treated with MTX 200 mg/M2I.V. followed one hour later with 5-FU 600 mg/M2I.V. Leucovorin 10 mg/M2 was begun orally 24 hours later and continued every six hours for six doses. Thirteen of these patients had not responded to prior drug treatment. Of the 17 patients, 11 responded to therapy, 9 had an objective response of greater than 50% tumor regression, and 2 had a minimal response of less than 50% tumor regression. The greatest number of responses was seen in skin and soft tissue. Disease-free interval, hormonal status, and prior therapy, with the exception of MTX and 5-FU containing drug regimens, did not appear to affect response rates. Toxicity was minimal and not life threatening. Based on these results it is believed that large trials with this drug sequence are warranted. PMID- 7020916 TI - DTIC and combination therapy for melanoma: III. DTIC (NSC 45388) Surgical Adjuvant Study COG PROTOCOL 7040. AB - A prospectively randomized study of postoperative chemotherapy with dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide (DTIC) was conducted by the Central Oncology Group from 1972 until 1976. Of 174 patients operated upon for melanoma and entered into the study, 87 were randomly selected to receive DTIC, four courses in 12 months, at 4.5 mg/kg/d x 10. One-hundred-sixty-five (95%) of the cases were evaluable, including 40 high risk Stage I, 96 Stage II, and 29 Stage III cases. At a median follow-up period of 2.5 years, the control group had a better median disease-free interval (40 weeks vs. 73 weeks), median survival time (103 weeks vs. 133 weeks), and percentage of patients living free of disease (28% vs. 44%) than the DTIC treated group. While disease-free interval appeared to be improved in the 25% of patients on DTIC therapy who developed thrombocytopenia, the overall effect of postoperative DTIC therapy was apparently not beneficial (P less than 0.05). PMID- 7020917 TI - A randomized comparative trial of chemotherapy and irradiation therapy for stage II breast cancer. AB - One hundred fifty-eight evaluable patients with Stage II carcinoma of the breast with positive lymph nodes were treated either with adjuvant chemotherapy or irradiation therapy followed by chemotherapy. Patients were randomized to test the effectiveness of L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) with and without postoperative irradiation therapy (R.T.) against cyclophosphamide, 5 fluorouracil, and methotrexate (CMF) with and without postoperative irradiation therapy in decreasing the frequency of recurrence. No significant difference was observed between L-PAM as compared with R.T. plus L-PAM (P = 0.85). The difference between CMF and R.T. plus CMF was significant in support of CMF alone (P = 0.04). The frequency of recurrence between R.T. plus L-PAM and R.T. plus CMF showed no difference. A comparison of the chemotherapy only regimens showed an advantage of CMF over L-PAM (P = 0.05). Both the delay in starting chemotherapy and the significant decrease in percent optimal drug dosage during the first six cycles of therapy are factors that may influence the high frequency of relapse observed in the R.T. plus chemotherapy groups. Of the four treatments, CMF has the lowest frequency of recurrence. PMID- 7020918 TI - Combined pre- and postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for bladder cancer: results of RTOG/Jefferson Study. AB - This paper presents the results of adjuvant "sandwich" radiotherapy for bladder cancer in 65 patients treated in a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) phase II study and at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. In this approach of adjuvant therapy, patients with clinical stages B or C bladder cancer were given low dose preoperative irradiation (500 rads) to the whole pelvis on the day before or on the day of surgery. Following cystectomy, patients were pathologically staged. Those with high grade (III or IV) stage B1 tumors or stages B2 or C were given 4500 rads in five weeks postoperative radiation. Thirty four of these 65 patients were entered in the RTOG protocol and 31 in the Jefferson Study. TWenty patients had early lesions (stage 0, A or B1, grade I-II) and did not receive postoperative irradiation. Six patients had stage D cancer and were given palliative therapy. Of 39 patients eligible for postoperative irradiation, 29 received the full course of pre- and postoperative irradiation. Ten patients did not receive treatment. Follow-up ranged from six months to three years with a median of 18 months. Treatment was extremely well tolerated. Incidence of major complications was 6% (4/65). Local control of disease was excellent, with no failures in pelvis response. Actuarial survival at three years is 78%. At this preliminary analysis, these survival results appear to be better than those obtained with other approaches using preoperative irradiation and surgery. PMID- 7020919 TI - Development of an enzyme immunoassay to detect and quantitate tumor-associated antigens in the urine of sarcoma patients. AB - This study describes the development of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to quantitate antigen in the urine of sarcoma patients and compares its results with those of the authors' previously reported complement fixation assay. Three populations were studied for the presence of urinary antigen by EIA: (1) sarcoma patients who developed metastatic disease after resection of their primary tumor; (2) sarcoma patients who remain clinically disease-free two years after resection of their primary tumor; and (3) normal volunteers with no history of malignant disease. EAch group consisted of nine individuals. None of the urines from normal volunteers and none from sarcoma patients who remained free of disease for two years had elevated antigen titers detectable by EIA. However, all nine patients who developed pulmonary metastatic disease ahd significantly elevated levels of antigen in their urine prior to clinical evidence of disease recurrence. The day to-day fluctuations in antigen titer detectable by EIA tended to parallel the levels detected by the complement fixation assay. However, EIA detected a significant elevation in antigen titer one to four months earlier than the complement fixation assay in four of the patients in whom disease recurred. PMID- 7020920 TI - The influence of histologic type on survival in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Histologic groups in 231 cases of malignant lymphoma were correlated with survival data at 100 months from the time of initiation of the study. Patients in the first two decades of life fared comparably with adults, but those over 60 years of age showed a poorer survival trend. Seven favorable and four unfavorable histopathologic groups were found with collective median survivals of 83 and 16 months, respectively (P less than 0.001). The favorable group included three follicular classes (cleaved, mixed, and large noncleaved) and four diffuse classes (small lymphocytic, cleaved, Burkitt non-cleaved, and convoluted lymphocytic). The unfavorable group consisted of four diffuse classes (plasmacytoid lymphocytic, mixed, and small and large non-cleaved). The group of 88 patients with follicular lymphoma had significantly longer overall survival than the group of 143 patients with diffuse lymphomas. No significant differences in survival were noted within three grades of follicular involvement. The favorable and unfavorable diffuse lymphomas had collective median survivals of 82 and 16 months, respectively (P = 0.01). Significant survival differences due to pattern of nodal involvement (P = 0.01) were found in patients with mixed and large non-cleaved cell lymphomas, but not in those with cleaved cell lymphomas. The group with large cleaved cells had significantly longer survival than those with large non-cleaved cells. Patients with mixed and large non-cleaved cell lymphomas of the same nodal pattern had similar survival data. PMID- 7020921 TI - Combined Pneumocystis carinii and Nocardia asteroides pneumonitis in a patient with an ACTH-producing carcinoid. PMID- 7020922 TI - Three dimensional reconstruction of disseminated cancer modules. AB - A computer system which can be used to perform three dimensional reconstruction of dispersed cancer growth from serial sections is described. The system was used to reconstruct and analyze melanoma nodules growing in the left upper lobes of the lungs of seven mice following intravenous inoculation of a single cell suspension of melanoma cells. The analysis shows a great variability in the tumor size within a single mouse, and also in different mice. The preponderance of tumors (40 out of 50) were subpleural and extended to the surface of the lung at some point. An analysis of the spatial distribution of the tumors was performed which indicates that the tumors may not be randomly dispersed in the lungs. The mechanisms which could lead to the observed results are discussed. PMID- 7020923 TI - Inhibition of leukocyte adherence by a 3 M potassium chloride extracts of human malignant melanoma. AB - The tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay was performed using 3 M KCl extracts of malignant melanoma materials and leukocytes taken from 24 malignant melanoma patients. Of these patients, 21 participated in sequential studies which employed a minimum of 3 time points. An increasing non-adherence index (NAI) was found in 5 of 6 patients who exhibited a favorable disease course. In 5 of 6 patients with an unfavorable disease course, NAI values decreased. In 8 of 9 patients with stable disease, the NAI also was stable. These results indicate that the trend of sequential LAI studies reflects the clinical course of malignant melanoma patients. PMID- 7020924 TI - Nursing research in a cancer cooperative group setting. PMID- 7020925 TI - Immunohistochemical study of epoxide hydrolase during experimental liver carcinogenesis. PMID- 7020926 TI - Activation of N-hydroxyphenacetin to mutagenic and nucleic acid-binding metabolites by acyltransfer, deacylation, and sulfate conjugation. AB - N-Hydroxyphenacetin was activated to a mutagen in the Salmonella-Ames test by rabbit liver acyltransferase, rat liver cytosol, and rat liver microsomes. N [ring]3H]-Hydroxyphenacetin was bound to transfer RNA when activated by acyltransferase from rabbit or rat liver or rat liver microsomes. The acyltransferase-catalyzed binding was not inhibited by paraoxon, a deacetylase inhibitor. The use of N-hydroxyphenacetin radioactively labeled in the acetyl group, as well as the ring, indicated that deacetylation was involved in the microsome-catalyzed binding reaction. In addition, the microsome-catalyzed binding was inhibited 90% by paraoxon. p-Nitrosophenetole, a deacetylated derivative of N-hydroxyphenacetin, was synthesized and bound to transfer RNA without enzymatic activation. Activation of N-hydroxyphenacetin by sulfate conjugation was also found to lead to binding to transfer RNA. The data implicated acyl transfer, deacetylation, and sulfate conjugation as possible routes for the activation of N-hydroxyphenacetin. PMID- 7020927 TI - Mutagenicity, tumor-initiating activity, and metabolism of methylphenanthrenes. AB - The mutagenicity, in vitro metabolism, and tumor-initiating activity of methylphenanthrenes were evaluated. The only monomethyl isomers which were mutagenic toward Salmonella typhimurium were 1- and 9-methylphenanthrenes. Among the disubstituted phenanthrenes assayed for mutagenicity, only 1,4 dimethylphenanthrene was active in the presence of metabolic activation. Studies on the in vitro metabolism of methylphenanthrenes were performed by incubation of the various isomers with the 9000 X g supernatant from Aroclor-treated rat livers. Comparison of mutagenicity with metabolites formed in vitro indicated that inhibition of 9,10-dihydrodiol formation was positively associated with mutagenic activity. Among the metabolites of 1- and 9-methylphenanthrenes, significant mutagenic activity was associated only with the 3,4- and/or 5,6 dihydrodiol. Metabolism to the 1,2- or 7,8-dihydrodiol, the requisite dihydrodiols for formation of "bay-region" dihydrodiol-epoxides, was most significant in the case of 4-methylphenanthrene. None of the isomeric methylphenanthrenes were active when assayed as tumor initiators on mouse skin. In contrast, 1,4-dimethylphenanthrene was found to have potent tumorigenic activity. These results suggest that inhibition of 9,10-dihydrodiol formation, the influence of a 4-methyl substituent in directing dihydrodiol formation at the 1,2- or 7,8-positions, and the presence of a bay-region methyl group may be responsible for eliciting a tumorigenic response for 1,4-dimethylphenanthrene. PMID- 7020928 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-1-piperidyl)-1 nitrosourea in rats and patients and extrapolation to clinical trials. AB - The plasma pharmacokinetics of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-1-piperidyl)1 nitrosourea (PCNU) were determined in ambulatory rats and in patients receiving PCNU chemotherapy in Phase 1 and II studies. After derivativization to the methyl carbamate, both rat and human PCNU plasma levels were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Comparison of the tolerated dose levels and pharmacokinetics of PCNU to the values determined for 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea in humans indicated that PCNU has a lower plasma drug area under the curve at equitoxic doses. We conclude that PCNU may show less clinical efficacy than 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea in the treatment of solid tumors. PMID- 7020929 TI - Flow cytometry studies of intracellular adriamycin in single cells in vitro. AB - Flow cytometry techniques were used to quantify the intracellular fluorescence of Adriamycin in living cells. Additionally, fluorescence-activated cell sorting was utilized to investigate the relationship between intracellular drug concentration and cell viability. Uptake of Adriamycin in cultured cells was found to be highly dependent upon the method of cell growth (e.g., suspension versus monolayer cultures) and on cell density or cell crowding. With constant exposure conditions, however, direct proportionality was observed between mean cellular fluorescence and external Adriamycin concentration. Total cellular fluorescence was found to increase more rapidly than nuclear fluorescence, although both reached an apparent equilibrium in several hr. Under well-controlled exposure conditions, mean cell survival correlated well with mean cellular Adriamycin fluorescence. Similar results were observed for Adriamycin effects on DNA synthesis. Considerable heterogeneity of cellular Adriamycin levels was, however, observed in all cell populations, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting indicated that the cells with the least intracellular Adriamycin did indeed survive best. PMID- 7020930 TI - Transplantation system for determining the clonogenic survival of parenchymal hepatocytes exposed to ionizing radiation. AB - An in vivo transplantation technique has been developed which can be utilized to determine the reproductive survival of parenchymal hepatocytes exposed either in vitro or in vivo to both physical and chemical genotoxic agents. We have used this assay system to determine the survival of liver cells exposed to sparsely ionizing radiation. The D0 value of the survival curve was 249 rads and the extrapolation number was 1.2. These results indicate that hepatocytes irradiated while in the G0 phase are unable to accumulate sublethal damage to an appreciable extent if they are stimulated to undergo replication within 24 hr after the infliction of the damage. PMID- 7020931 TI - Relationship of steroid receptor, cell kinetics, and clinical status in patients with breast cancer. AB - The fractions of cells in the different phases of the cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry in 70 human breast tumors and six human benign breast tissues. This procedure showed that 44% of the tumors and none of the benign tissues were aneuploid as determined by mixing experiments using normal peripheral blood as a standard for DNA content per nucleus. The mean percent S-phase fraction (% S) values +/- S.D. for benign and malignant tissues were 6.9 +/- 1.6 and 13.7 +/- 6.5, respectively. By our procedure, aneuploid tumors seem to have significantly higher mean % S value than do diploid tumors. Breast cancer tissue which contained steroid receptors had a mean % S value of 11.3, while those tumors which had neither the estrogen nor progesterone receptors had a mean % S value of 17.1 (p less than 0.01). The estrogen receptor status had a better inverse relationship to the cell kinetic data than did the progesterone receptor status. The use of molecular forms of the steroid receptor was of some assistance in improving the inverse relationship between cell kinetics and steroid receptor status. A trend was observed between lack of steroid receptors and higher probability of the tumor being aneuploid. From the limited clinical data, there was no relationship between cell kinetic and aneuploid data with respect to nodal status, metastatic disease, and menopausal status. The possible use of these data is discussed. PMID- 7020933 TI - Growth and differentiation of human and murine erythroleukemia cell lines in serum-free synthetic medium. AB - Only two chemicals (transferrin and selenium dioxide) are required to supplement serum-free Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium 1640 for long-term growth and for spontaneous and induced differentiation of established lines of human and mouse erythroleukemia cells. We describe here two serum-free media (a minimal synthetic medium and a high-density synthetic medium) that support the growth and differentiation of human K562(S) and mouse clones 745, 707, and 3TCl 12 erythroleukemia cell lines in long-term culture. The doubling times of the erythroleukemic cell populations are longer in minimal synthetic medium that in serum-containing medium. Cell saturation density in minimal growth medium is one half that obtained in serum-containing medium for clone 745, whereas for K562(S) it is approximately the same. Cell saturation density in high-density medium (containing albumin) is greater than that achieved in serum-containing medium for K562(S), whereas for clone 745 cell saturation density increases for cells in midlogarithmic growth, although not to the density of cells grown in serum containing medium. The differences in saturation density are due to a decreased doubling time as well as to better survival of the cells 3 or 4 days after plating. The cells can grow in the synthetic media and be passaged for as many generations as desired without impairment of growth capabilities. In the minimal synthetic medium, spontaneous differentiation of erythroleukemia cells continues to occur, indicating that spontaneously differentiating cells are the result of intracellular mechanisms controlling the expression of a genetic program of some of the cells at any given time. Hemoglobin synthesis can be induced in cells growing in synthetic medium by using lower concentrations of the same inducers that are effective in serum-containing medium, indicating that these chemicals do not depend on serum factors to initiate the process of differentiation. The percentage of benzidine-positive cells and the concentration of hemoglobin per cell, however, are less in the synthetic medium than in serum-containing medium, suggesting that serum factors do play a role in modulating the extent of hemoglobin synthesis. The types of hemoglobins synthesized by cells in synthetic medium are identical to those reported in serum-containing medium. PMID- 7020932 TI - Induction of DNA damage by porphyrin photosensitizers. AB - The photosensitizing effects of hematoporphyrin derivative, meso-tetra(p sulfonatophenyl)porphine, meso-tetra(p-carboxyphenyl)porphine, and meso-tetra(4-N methylpyridyl)-porphine on ColE1 supercoiled DNA were studied using agarose gel electrophoresis. Photoinduced single- and double-strand breaks were observed to form under neutral conditions. Singlet oxygen was shown to predominate in the mechanism of the induction of these lesions in the case of hematoporphyrin derivative, meso-tetra(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphine, and meso-tetra(p carboxyphenyl)porphine and to play a significant role in the case of meso-tetra(4 N-methylpyridyl)porphine. The results suggest the possibility that the risk of photodynamic carcinogenesis may accompany photochemotherapy and fluorescence endoscopic procedures involving porphyrin photosensitizers. PMID- 7020934 TI - Evidence for the involvement of N-hydroxylation of 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3 b]indole by cytochrome P-450 in the covalent binding to DNA. AB - The involvement of N-hydroxylation of 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2) by cytochrome P-450 in the formation of covalent binding of Trp-P-2 to DNA, the induction of his+ revertant in the Ames test, and the formation of the active metabolite were confirmed. Among four cytochrome P-450 preparations, PCB-P 448 and MC-P-448 purified from liver microsomes of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats, respectively, showed higher activities for induction of mutation by Trp-P-2 than did the other two preparations, PCB-P 450 and PB-P-450 purified from PCB-and phenobarbital (PB)-treated rats, respectively. PCB-P-448 was more active than was PB-P-450 in metabolizing Trp-P-2 to N-hydroxylated Trp-P-2 (N-hydroxy-Trp-P-2). Cytochrome P-450 with higher capacity to form the N-hydroxylated metabolite induced a larger number of his+ revertants. Larger amounts of [1-14C]Trp-P-2 bound covalently to DNA were also seen when PCB-P-448 was incubated with calf thymus DNA and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate than with PCB-P-450 and PB-P-450. The direct binding of N-[ring-3H]hydroxy-Trp-P-2 isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography to calf thymus DNA was also demonstrated. These results indicate that N-hydroxylation of Trp-P-2 is an obligatory step for the covalent binding to DNA and mutagenesis of Trp-P-2. Based on these results, we propose that N-hydroxy Trp-P-2 produced by cytochrome P-450 is important in the exertion of the mutagenicity of Trp-P-2 as it binds to DNA. PMID- 7020935 TI - Nature of tissue-bound lithocholic acid and its implications in the role of bile acids in carcinogenesis. AB - Lithocholic acid, a monohydroxy secondary bile acid, is present in tissues in two forms. One form is extractable with 95% ethanol-0.1% ammonia (soluble lithocholate), and the other form is firmly bound to tissue residues and can be released only by the bile salt-deconjugating enzyme, clostridial cholanoylamino acid hydrolase (tissue-bound lithocholate). Studies on bile salt-protein interactions revealed that lithocholic acid had amino group-modifying activity specifically directed against the basic side group of lysine residues. Degradative procedures yielded N-epsilon-lithocholyllysine, confirmed by comparison with the authentic compound synthesized in our laboratories. Studies on the distribution of tissue-bound lithocholate in tissues have revealed high concentrations of this form of lithocholate in livers of rats treated with the carcinogen, methylazoxymethanol. In light of these observations, the role of bile acids, and specifically lithocholic acid, as promoters of tumorigenesis must be further investigated. PMID- 7020936 TI - Impact of infectious disease upon fat metabolism and immune functions. AB - Abnormalities in lipid metabolism influence immunological competence. Infectious diseases are accompanied by altered lipid metabolism as well as by suppression or stimulation of generalized defensive mechanisms and immune functions. An infectious disease may therefore introduce variables that must be recognized and evaluated during studies aimed at elucidating possible relationships between dietary lipids and the development of cancer. PMID- 7020937 TI - Endocrine parameters and alpha-tocopherol therapy of patients with mammary dysplasia. AB - Patients with mammary dysplasia (17 patients) and controls (6 patients) were treated in a double-blind study with alpha-tocopherol acetate (600 units/day). Determination of serum alpha-tocopherol, estradiol, estriol., and progesterone were made from blood samples collected on Day 21 of the menstrual cycle before and during therapy. Eight-eight % of patients showed clinical response to therapy. Serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations rose after therapy in patients and controls. Serum estradiol and progesterone concentration were not statistically different in patients or controls after therapy, although patients showed a trend toward increased serum progesterone concentration. However, the ratio of progesterone to estradiol, which is abnormal in mammary dysplasia patients, rose from 30 +/- 7 (S.E.) to 53 +/- 11 in patients after alpha-tocopherol therapy (p less than 0.05). Control patients showed no significant change in progesterone/estradiol ratio. Results of this study indicate that alpha tocopherol therapy may correct an abnormal progesterone/estradiol ratio in patients with mammary dysplasia, with implications on reducing future risk for malignant breast disease. PMID- 7020938 TI - Incorporation of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose into the peptidoglycan of Streptococcus mutans. PMID- 7020939 TI - Detection of adverse drug reactions in a clinical trial using two types of questioning. AB - Two methods of assessing adverse drug effects-an open-ended question versus a checklist-were compared in a clinical study involving 515 patients being treated with bacampicillin for gonorrhea. Results indicate that adverse reactions are reported more frequently if a checklist is used. However, it was also observed that more serious side effects are usually reported in response to an open-ended question rather than a checklist. Thus it was concluded that the optimal procedure for assessing adverse reactions is to record responses to both an open ended question and a checklist. PMID- 7020940 TI - Effects of benzothiazepine derivative (CRD-401) on blood pressure, excretion of electrolytes, and plasma renin activity. AB - A benzothiazepine derivative, CRD-401, was administered orally in a dosage of 60 to 120 mg/day to 14 patients with various renal diseases. The systolic pressure was lowered slightly in some cases after administration of CRD-401. Urine volume and urinary excretion of electrolytes were increased by the drug in most patients except those with severe renal dysfunction. The plasma renin activity was increased to about twice the premedication value in most patients. Although the mechanism of increasing action of CRD-401 on plasma renin activity was assumed to be related to the reabsorption capacity of renal tubules for electrolytes, some questions still remain unanswered. The mechanism of this drug action, therefore, could not be elucidated completely in this study. PMID- 7020941 TI - Fluoride in gingival crevicular fluid and a new method for evaporative water loss correction. PMID- 7020942 TI - Secular changes in caries prevalence in two Massachusetts towns. PMID- 7020943 TI - [Haec litteris mandavit. Correspondence between V. Nezval and J. Skorepa]. PMID- 7020944 TI - [Hypercholesterolaemia and possibilities of influencing it with the aid of per os preparation derived from natural and synthetic phosphatides (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020945 TI - [Sexologist Dr. Vladimir Bartak on his 60th birthday]. PMID- 7020946 TI - [Josef Skoda--in honor of the anniversary of his death]. PMID- 7020947 TI - [25 years of the Czechoslovak Society for Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Hygiene (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020948 TI - An improved sum-of-normals technique for cell cycle distribution analysis of flow cytometric DNA histograms. AB - An improved method for determining the fraction of cells in the G1, S and G2 + M phases of the life cycle, from DNA distributions of S phase rich cultures, is presented. Picolinic acid synchronized cell cultures were used to demonstrate the usefulness of the technique for the cell cycle distribution analysis. The algorithm presented quantifies DNA histograms from FCM analyses using an extension of the previously reported 'sum of discrete normal curves' technique. It alleviates problems encountered with earlier methods by extending the contribution of the S phase cells to the distribution under the G1 and G2 + M peaks; at the same time it allows more of the descriptive parameters to be determined from the individual histograms. The fractions of cells in the G1, S, and G2 + M phases of the life cycle obtained by this method compare favourably with autoradiographic analyses and other analytical results. PMID- 7020949 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of cholinergic nerve terminals. AB - Most of the published light-microscopic methods for the localization of cholinergic nerve pathways present various difficulties of interpretation. The production and characterization of an antiserum that binds specifically to cholinergic terminals is described. The antiserum was raised to small synaptosomes prepared from the purely cholinergic electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. It was shown to lyse cholinergic synaptosomes in a mixed population derived from guinea-pig cortex. After partial purification by adsorption onto nonspecific antigens, It was used to label nerve endings in several tissues of Torpedo, rat and guinea pigs using indirect immunofluorescence histochemistry. The antiserum appears to provide a highly specific means of localizing cholinergic nerve endings in these tissues. PMID- 7020950 TI - The brush cells of the common bile duct of the rat. This section, freeze-fracture and scanning electron microscopy. AB - Two different fixative procedures (immersion and perfusion) and four different fixative solutions were used in order to obtain the best preservation of the brush cells of the common bile duct of the rat. The results indicate that only perfusion fixation through the common bile duct is suitable, independent of the fixative solutions and their osmolarity. Numerous brush cells were seen in the proximal and distal regions of the common bile duct. In these locations, they could be implicated in a registration and/or regulation of intraluminal pressure variations. PMID- 7020951 TI - Immunocytological evidence of motilin- and secretin-containing cells in the human fetal gastro-entero-pancreatic system. AB - The ontogeny and distribution of immunoreactive motilin and secretin were studied in the gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) system of human fetuses, aged 5--24 weeks, using an indirect immunocytochemical method. Several controls to check for the specificity of the immunoperoxidase staining were performed. The first motilin- and secretin-containing cells were observed in the duodenal and jejunal mucosa in fetuses at a gestational age of 16 weeks. These immunoreactive cells were located in the glands of Lieberkuhn and in the villi. No immunoreactive cells were present in the oxyntic and pyloric mucosa, ileum, colon and endocrine pancreas. These observations indicate that the motilin- and secretin-containing cells detected by our antisera appear (i) in the same organs of the fetus where they are also detectable in the adult, and (ii) after the completion of histogenesis of the gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) system. PMID- 7020952 TI - Immunocytochemical investigation of the subcommissural organ in the rat. AB - The results of a preliminary immunocytochemical investigation on the subcommissural organ (SCO) in rats show that (1) Reissner's fiber (RF) or essential compounds of the RF are produced by the SCO, (2) the immunoreactive material is produced in the epithelial cells of the SCO as well as in the hypendymal cells, and (3) the immunoreactive material of the SCO belongs to a category of endogenous peptides to date not demonstrable immunocytochemically in other brain structures. PMID- 7020953 TI - Fc receptors on IgM and IgG antibody-forming cells in an early immune response. PMID- 7020954 TI - Production of an antibody against guinea pig MIF. III. Biological activity of MIF recovered from immunoadsorbent column chromatography. PMID- 7020955 TI - T-cell differentiation in lethally irradiated and reconstituted mice: functional recovery of PNA-fractionated subpopulations. PMID- 7020956 TI - [The biological revolution]. PMID- 7020957 TI - [Homogeneous immunoenzyme analysis of barbiturates - our experience with the Syva kit]. PMID- 7020958 TI - [The 1st Czech pharmacy in Chicago]. PMID- 7020959 TI - [90th birthday of Prof. K. Hubschmann]. PMID- 7020960 TI - [Samberger's contemporaries at Janovsky's Clinic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020961 TI - [Progressive traditions of Slovak obstetrics]. PMID- 7020962 TI - [Regulation of the endocrine function of the placenta]. PMID- 7020963 TI - [The insulin receptor system]. PMID- 7020964 TI - [The effect of increased intrapulmonary pressure on defensive reflexes of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 7020965 TI - Determination of captopril in blood and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7020966 TI - A direct enzyme immunoassay of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol in human urine. PMID- 7020967 TI - Effect of alloxan on the incorporation of uridine diphospho D-galactose into Langerhans' islets of the rat. PMID- 7020968 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020969 TI - [Gastric volvulus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7020970 TI - [Evaluation of 104 "faden operations"]. PMID- 7020971 TI - The immunology of filariasis. Scientific Working Group on Filariasis. AB - This report summarizes the available information on the immunology of filariasis, and discusses immunodiagnosis and the immunological factors influencing the host parasite relationship in lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. Several areas that require further research are identified, particularly concerning the development of new serological techniques, and the fractionation of specific antigens. The problems associated with vaccine development are considered and the importance of finding better animal models for research is stressed. PMID- 7020972 TI - Pertussis vaccine research. AB - The mechanisms of infection and immunity in pertussis are not well understood, and as a result, the development of a new, improved vaccine is difficult. This paper describes the limitations of currently available vaccines, and outlines the problems associated with the introduction of new prophylactics, such as defining the bases of toxicity and efficacy and organizing meaningful clinical trials. Until these problems are resolved, efforts are needed to improve currently available whole-cell vaccines. The possible role of passive immunity in the control of the disease is also discussed. PMID- 7020973 TI - Intermittent trachoma chemotherapy: a controlled trial of topical tetracycline or erythromycin. AB - In communities with endemic blinding trachoma, mass (or "blanket") treatment with a topically applied tetracycline derivative is a standard control measure. The widely used "intermittent" treatment schedule consists of the twice daily application of antibiotic ointment for five consecutive days once a month for six months. In this study, the efficacy of "intermittent" treatment was evaluated for the treatment of severe and moderate intensity trachoma in children in southern Tunisia. Tetracycline or erythromycin ointments (specific antichlamydial drugs) were compared with 5% boric acid ointment (a simple antiseptic) given by the intermittent schedule during the winter and spring. There was a statistically significant degree of improvement at only one examination, four weeks after the full course of treatment had been completed. When re-examined five months later there were no differences in intensity in the three groups. The limited effect of topical chemotherapy might be attributable to several causes, among which could be inadequate drug levels, inadequate treatment periods, reinfection from non treated children in the community, and auto-infection from extraocular sites (e.g., respiratory tract) in the same child. The possible value of short-term (two weeks) systemic antimicrobial therapy as an additional strategy to prevent blindness of children with potentially blinding active trachoma is discussed. PMID- 7020975 TI - Capillary fluid filtration. Starling forces and lymph flow. PMID- 7020974 TI - Occupationally-acquired smallpox in an IgM-deficient health worker. AB - A 21-year-old Indian who worked as a vaccinator in the smallpox programme developed an atypical case of variola major despite several previous, successful vaccinations. The clinical course of the disease was unusual, as there were two distinctly separate "crops" of smallpox. The disease began less than one month after a successful vaccination, which therefore gave the briefest period of protection recorded for this reliable immunization. The patient was found to have a virtually complete IgM deficiency with normal levels of circulating antibody against orthopox virus. PMID- 7020976 TI - Dissimilar effects of prostacyclin, prostaglandin E1, and prostaglandin E2 on myocardial infarct size after coronary occlusion in conscious dogs. PMID- 7020977 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis by glomeruli isolated from rats with glycerol-induced acute renal failure. AB - In vitro PG synthesis by glomeruli isolated from rats with glycerol-induced acute renal failure (ARF) was measured by radiometric high performance liquid chromatography after incubation with [14C]arachidonic acid and radioimmunoassay (RIA). The four PGs, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TXB2, PGF2 alpha, and PGE2 were each synthesized by glomeruli from both control and treated rats but the synthesis rates were greater after glycerol. This increase was not apparent 1 hour after injection but, at 24 hours, all PGs were produced in greater amounts by glomeruli of treated rats. Thus, we studied PGE2, PGE2 alpha, and TXB2 synthesis by glomeruli at various time intervals after induction of ARF using direct RIA, PGF 2 alpha and TXB2 synthesis were greater only at 24 hours and only in the presence of arachidonic acid, whereas PGE2 synthesis was greater at 24 hours, irrespective of arachidonic acid, but at 48 hours only with arachidonic acid. The stimulatory effect of arachidonic acid was always greater in glycerol-treated than in control rats for these three PGs in the later period, whereas a significant decrease for PGE2 was observed at 1 hour. The late increase in PG synthesis may be due to stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system since it was abolished in rats pretreated for 48 hours with captopril. A late increase in PG synthesis by the papilla of the treated rats also was observed. We concluded that any increase in the glomerular production of vasoconstrictor PGs could contribute to the maintenance of acute renal failure, whereas the early fall in the stimulatory effect of arachidonic acid on PGE2 synthesis could play a role in its initiation. PMID- 7020978 TI - Ventricular septal rupture: a review of clinical and physiologic features and an analysis of survival. AB - Forty-one patients with postinfarction ventricular septal rupture were cared for in our hospital during 1971-1975. Cardiogenic shock developed after septal rupture in 55% of these patients. Shock was unrelated to site of infarction, extent of coronary artery disease, left ventricular ejection fraction, or pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio, but mean pulmonary artery pressure was lower in shock than in nonshock patients. These observations suggest that shock was produced mainly by right ventricular impairment. Perioperative survival was much higher in patients who did not have shock preoperatively (14 of 17 [82+]) than in those who did (three of 11 [27%]). Magnitude of shunt, left ventricular ejection fraction, extent of coronary artery disease, and performance of aortocoronary bypass grafting were not distinctly correlated with perioperative survival. After a minimum 4-year follow-up, 76% of the perioperative survivors are alive, and none suffer more than New York Heart Association functional class II disability. All 13 unoperated patients (11 in shock) died within 3 months. PMID- 7020980 TI - Arrhythmias in children. PMID- 7020979 TI - The use of echocardiography in diagnosing culture-negative endocarditis. AB - We reviewed M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic findings in 11 patients with abacteremic endocarditis to study the application of echocardiography in this setting. All patients had negative blood cultures but underwent surgery that confirmed the presence of active infective endocarditis. The infection involved native valves in five patients and prosthetic valves in six patients. Valvular masses were identified in eight patients. The other three patients, who had prosthetic aortic valves, had diastolic mitral valve vibration characteristic of aortic regurgitation. One of these also showed dehiscence of the prosthesis. Three patients had poorly defined clinical illnesses and echocardiography was a prime element in the diagnosis because valvular masses were identified. The operation was facilitated by knowledge of the mass indicated by echocardiography in these eight cases. Also, the surgical approach was affected by knowledge of dehiscence and perivalvular abscess formation in two cases each. PMID- 7020981 TI - Ethanol abuse and heart disease. AB - The toxic effects of chronic ethanol abuse on cerebral and hepatic function have long been recognized. The role of ethanol abuse as an etiologic factor in heart disease is less clear and is often attributed to coexistent malnutrition. However, malnutrition has been dissociated from ethanol use in many patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. Studies in various animals provide major support for the role of ethanol as a toxic agent when used in large amounts for a prolonged period. Abnormalities that result from ethanol in test animals include depression of left ventricular performance and metabolic and morphologic changes that parallel the changes in human alcoholics with subclinical mechanical dysfunction of the heart, such as symptomatic cardiac arrhythmias, particularly during intensive alcohol ingestion. What causes the progression to heart failure or arrhythmias is not known, but several factors may be involved. These include, particularly in males, the cumulative effects of ethanol alone or after intensified drinking episodes, excessive exposure to trace metals or superimposed infection. The low prevalence of clinical nutritional deficiency in patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy and the apparent infrequency of heart failure in patients with cirrhosis or neuropathy supports the view that the cardiac abnormality is often not dependent on malnutrition. Clinical data indicate that the cessation of alcohol intake may reverse the disease or interrupt its progression in many patients. However, the pathogenetic process may continued unabated in some who become abstinent. PMID- 7020982 TI - Alcohol use and cardiovascular disease: the Kaiser-Permanente experience. AB - Earlier studies of Kaiser-Permanente data have indicated that regular use of alcohol is associated with a reduced risk of major coronary events and that regular use of three or more drinks is associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension. A new study of hospitalizations in relation to alcohol use confirms this disparity in relations between alcohol use and cardiovascular disease and suggests that alcoholic cardiomyopathy has a relatively low incidence. An inverse relation between alcohol use and hospitalizations for cholelithiasis raises the possibility of a common pathogenic mechanism linking alcohol to coronary events and cholelithiasis. Overall risk of cardiovascular disease seems lower among users of two or fewer drinks daily than among either nondrinkers or heavier drinkers. PMID- 7020983 TI - Alcohol and hypertension: epidemiologic and experimental considerations. The Lipid Research Clinics Program. AB - Most epidemiologic studies suggest that alcohol consumption is associated with increased blood pressure levels and an increased prevalence of hypertension. A review of experimental studies of the blood pressure effects of acute alcohol administration to man and acute and chronic administration to animals does not clearly support the epidemiologic findings, which suggest that other direct or indirect factors besides a simple pharmacologic effect of alcohol may be operative. Several endocrine and renal mechanisms have been postulated, and indirect factors related to both alcohol use and blood pressure pathogenesis cannot be firmly excluded. Preliminary data from the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) population studies generally show a positive association between alcohol and blood pressure, although women and young men reporting no alcohol use had higher systolic pressures than those reporting low levels of alcohol intake. LRC findings also suggest that the blood pressure elevations associated with use of oral contraceptives appear to be independent of those associated with alcohol. Some preliminary epidemiologic findings and circumstantial evidence suggest that the alcohol-blood pressure relationship may be due in part to the timing of blood pressure measurement during physiologic alcohol withdrawal. Although further verification is needed, this hypothesis implies that the pattern of alcohol consumption and the interval between last use and blood pressure measurement may be as important as the amount of alcohol consumed in explaining the relationship between alcohol and blood pressure. PMID- 7020984 TI - Alcohol intake, cigarette smoking and plasma lipids and lipoproteins in 12--19 year-old children. The Collaborative Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study. AB - The relationship of alcohol intake to plasma lipids and lipoproteins was assessed in 1603 white children, ages 12-19 years, from six Lipid Research Clinics as part of the Lipid Research Clinics Collaborative Population Studies. Of the 1603 children, 933 came from a randomly recalled group and 660 from a group recalled because of elevated cholesterol or triglyceride or both (the hyperlipidemic recall group). Using multiple regression analysis, the relationships of lipoproteins (as dependent variables) to alcohol, smoking, age and body mass (as explanatory variables) are assessed in both recall groups. In the random recall group, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was positively related to alcohol intake, independent of the other variables considered; for every ounce of alcohol intake, HDL cholesterol was 0.55 mg/dl higher in males and 1.04 mg/dl higher in females. HDL cholesterol was strongly and inversely related to smoking and body mass in both males and females and was inversely related to age in males. In females, plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol were all positively related to alcohol intake. In the hyperlipidemic recall group of children, alcohol intake had a weak positive relationship with HDL cholesterol in males; in the females, for every ounce of alcohol intake, HDL cholesterol was higher by 1.5 mg/dl. Alcohol intake was positively related to triglyceride levels in hypertriglyceridemic male children. In each recall group, alcohol intake had a small, significant, positive association with HDL cholesterol levels in 12--19 year-old children, and a less consistent positive association with triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol. If low HDL cholesterol concentrations in children are undesirable, attention should first be focused reduction of smoking (inversely associated with HDL cholesterol) and weight (inversely associated with HDL cholesterol, positively associated with LDL cholesterol, triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol), as measures that may modify HDL cholesterol levels. PMID- 7020985 TI - Alcohol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: causal inference from diverse study designs. AB - The association between reported alcohol intake and plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration is examined in an effort to establish whether it was a cause-and-effect basis. A cross-sectional descriptive study of several populations reveals a strong and consistent dose-response pattern: Social drinkers have mean HDL cholesterol levels that are higher than those of teetotalers by as much as 33%. Cross-sectional analyses in another epidemiological study reveal the association to be independent of potential confounding factors such as smoking and body weight, and longitudinal analyses suggest that it is also not a result of certain unmeasured sources of confounding. A small experiment reveals a 15% reduction in HDL cholesterol levels among social drinkers who abstain from alcohol from a 2-week period. The evidence supports the conclusion that alcohol habits are probably one of the determinants of plasma HDL cholesterol level. A clarification of the relevance of this phenomenon to clinical medicine awaits future clinical efforts. PMID- 7020986 TI - Alcohol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. AB - Associations between alcohol intake and levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were examined in 2473 men and 1530 women seen as part of the random sample at visit 2 of the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study. More men than women reported alcohol intake. The alcoholic beverage preference differed by age and sex. The levels of HDL cholesterol were higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers. The statistically significant associations varied somewhat by age; however, the average correlation coefficient was 0.21 for men and 0.25 for women. HDL cholesterol levels were lower in those who reported never drinking alcohol than in occasional drinkers. PMID- 7020987 TI - Quantifying alcohol consumption: patterns and problems. AB - In this paper are summarized the implications of recent population studies in which drinking behavior is used to predict development of heart disease. A key inference is that the association of drinking behavior with mortality may be attributed as much to characteristic lifestyles as to the drinking itself. Increased emphasis on validation studies is needed to improve measurement of drinking behavior for greater precision in predicting mortality. A plan is presented for large-scale longitudinal studies to predict heart disease and other major health problems, calling for the joint efforts of agencies such as the National Center for Health Statistics and the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. PMID- 7020988 TI - Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in alcoholic liver disease. AB - Excessive alcohol ingestion results in profound derangements of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, reflecting the effects of ethanol on peripheral and hepatic lipid metabolism and its toxic effects on hepatic function. The alterations in plasma lipids and lipoproteins are secondary to complex abnormalities of lipoprotein synthesis, secretion and catabolism. The major effects of alcohol include fatty liver secondary to excessive triglyceride synthesis, resulting in an imbalance between synthesis and hepatic secretion; hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia; defective plasma cholesterol esterification; and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, the plasma lipoproteins have an abnormal structure and apoprotein composition. Although these changes are usually reversible with abstinence from alcohol (if liver function returns to normal), they indicate serious effects of alcohol on the liver, which may culminate in cirrhosis and hepatic insufficiency. These effects of alcohol on lipids and lipoproteins should be contrasted with the elevation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration produced by moderate alcohol intake and the possibility that this increase may protect against the development of atherosclerotic disease. PMID- 7020989 TI - Kinetic serum creatinine assays. II. A critical evaluation and review. AB - We have evaluated the Technicon AutoAnalyzer method, the Beckman Creatinine Analyzer II, DuPont aca, Electro-Nucleonics GEMSAEC, and Instrumentation Laboratory Model 916 kinetic methods for determination of serum creatinine. These methods, which involve the Jaffe reaction, all showed a statistically significant proportional error relative to an ion-exchange pretreatment method for creatinine in 92 serum samples; the GEMSAEC method also showed a bias. The positive interference of several acid metabolites was quantitated in each of the methods. The evidence indicates that bilirubin, although associated with a negative creatinine interference, is not the sole interferent. We determined the magnitude of this interference and studied several methods for minimizing it. PMID- 7020990 TI - Automated creatine kinase-MB estimation by immuno-inhibition: a clinical evaluation. AB - We detected the presence of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) in serum by using an immunoinhibition technique to inactivate the creatine kinase isoenzyme of muscle origin (CK-MM). The GEMSAEC centrifugal analyzer is ideally suited for this procedure because it rapidly mixes reagents and has a throughput of 60 samples/h. The within-run CV was acceptable when the CK-MB value was 7.5 U/L or more. CK-MM was totally inactivated up to 5000 U/L, a value well above that usually seen in myocardial-infarct patients. We assessed the predictability of the assay for detecting myocardial infarction among 120 coronary-care patients when 2% of total CK activity was considered diagnostic and compared the results with those obtained with an electrophoresis technique. The positive predictive value of the immunoinhibition assay was 97.8%, as compared to 92% with the CK electrophoresis technique, when lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzyme results were included in both cases. The optimal negative predictive value was 95.1% with the immunoinhibition assay vs 98.2% with electrophoresis. We conclude that the immunoinhibition technique for estimating CK-MB can be automated to assess myocardial status rapidly, precisely, inexpensively, and sensitively. PMID- 7020991 TI - 125I-labeled gonadoliberin and high specific activity and immunoreactivity: method of iodination and rapid separation. AB - We describe optimum conditions for iodinating gonadoliberin with use of relatively large proportions of Na 125I. Products of the iodination are separated on an anion-exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-400). The 125I-labeled gonadoliberin thus obtained has a high specific activity (1400 to 1590 Ci/g); because of the conditions of iodination, we believe that the predominant species of the labeled decapeptide is the mono-iodinated one. Our separation and purification of the labeled substance on ion-exchange resin is rapid, economical, and less cumbersome than the use of a Biogel P-2 column. There is no adsorption of the labeled hormone onto the resin, as evidenced by analytical recovery studies with tritium labeled gonadoliberin. Paper-strip chromatoelectrophoresis showed no free Na 125I or radiolabeled damaged peptide fragments after purification on the resin. When antiserum was used at a concentration 32-fold that used in the regular assay procedure, only 4% of the radioactivity remained in the free form, indicating the high immunoreactivity of the labeled hormone. PMID- 7020992 TI - Performance of a radiometer transcutaneous oxygen monitor in a neonatal-intensive care unit. AB - We evaluated the performance of the Radiometer TCM-1 Transcutaneous Oxygen Monitor in a Class III neonatal-intensive-care unit during an 11-month clinical trial (in excess of 4000 h) in which we monitored 115 infants ranging in gestational age from 25 to 43 weeks and in birthweight from 595 to 4220 g. In vitro transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (ptcO2) measurements were accurate within 1% of the theoretical value and precise (1.4% CV at 156 mmHg) at 44 degrees C. Determinations at other temperature were less accurate except in rare instances when specific patient-associated ptcO2/paO2 bias was identified. In vitro comparison of ptcO2 (y) and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (paO2) (x) measurements agreed well (y = 0.90x + 6.9, r = 0.94) except when infants were less than 24 h old. In this latter group the ptcO2/paO2 ratio usually exceeded 1.0 and fluctuated unpredictably. ptcO2 measurements on infants less than 24 h old had to be interpreted cautiously. In general, the ptcO2 and paO2 measurements agreed sufficiently well for the physicians to use them as the basis for directing patient care. PMID- 7020993 TI - Enzymic assay of choline-containing phospholipids in bile. PMID- 7020994 TI - Cross reactivity of digitoxin in radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunoassay for digoxin in plasma. PMID- 7020995 TI - Enzymic analysis for rapid detection of microbial infection in human body fluids: an overview. AB - One possible means of rapidly detecting microorganisms in patients with suspected infectious diseases is the direct measurement of microbial enzymes in body fluids. This technique is based on the fact that bacterial, fungal, and viral organisms possess enzymes that are not produced by mammalian cells and are thus not found in uninfected human body fluids. Detection of one of these microbial enzymes in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or other body fluids would thus be indicative of microbial infection. Potentially useful enzymes for this purpose include bacterial beta-lactamases, fungal adenine deaminases, and viral thymidine kinases. In addition, glycosidases such as neuraminidases and galactosidases can be used as markers for microbial infection, provided that the enzymic activity can be appropriately identified as being of microbial origin. The direct measurement of microbial enzymes offers great potential for the rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases. PMID- 7020996 TI - Glucose oxidase immunoenzyme methodology as a substitute for fluorescence microscopy in the clinical laboratory. AB - Enzymes as markers for antigens or antibodies in immunohistochemical procedures have several advantages over commonly used fluorochrome labels. These include use of a regular light microscope and the ability to get permanently stable slide preparations. Glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.2.3.4), being absent in mammalian tissue, provides no background staining, such as that seen with the commonly used horseradish peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) owing to peroxidase-like activity in tissues. A glucose oxidase histochemical method is detailed that is useful for detection of human antibodies; it can be easily used in clinical laboratories as a substitute for fluorescent techniques. PMID- 7020997 TI - On-line cleavage of urinary estriol conjugates with immobilized beta glucuronidase before liquid-chromatographic analysis. AB - Urinary estriol measurement has been widely accepted as a useful indicator of fetoplacental status. Classically, glucuronide conjugates of estriol have been cleaved with soluble beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) before extraction and measurement. We have developed a system in which urine is injected directly into a "high-performance" liquid chromatograph and the conjugates are cleaved on-line in an immobilized beta-glucuronidase reactor. Estriol is quantitated with fluorescence detection after separation from other interfering species with a reversed-phase column. The stability of the immobilized enzyme under storage conditions and in the presence of the mobile phase are discussed. Only 150 mL/L methanol could be pumped through the reactor and onto the analytical column, but this allowed on-column preconcentration of the free estriol produced. Gradient elution bypassing the immobilized enzyme reactor eluted the compounds of interest without damaging the enzyme. Comparison with radioimmunoassay results yielded a slope of 0.97 (r = 0.996, n = 19). PMID- 7020998 TI - Immunoenzymometric assays for simultaneous quantitation and distribution of erythrocyte antigen. AB - We describe an adaptation and modification of the enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which yields information on the quantity and distribution of surface antigens on erythrocytes. The distribution assay, named "ELADA" (for Enzyme-Linked Antigen Distribution Assay), involves use of an alkaline phosphatase-immunoglobulin conjugate with alpha-naphthol phosphate and a diazonium salt as substrate. The insoluble reaction product forms a complex on the cell surface at the location of the antigen. Antigens in aliquots from the same enzyme-immunoglobulin conjugate are quantified with the soluble substrate p nitrophenyl phosphate. One can thus establish whether the distribution of erythrocyte antigens is random by examining the ELADA-stained cells with a scanning electron microscope. Combining the quantitative ELISA with measurements of cell numbers makes it possible to estimate the number of antibody molecules and thus the number of antigenic sites per cell. By using various modified antisera, substituted naphthol phosphates with higher avidities, and reaction conditions designed to optimize the kinetic reaction, we have been able to resolve the enzyme product deposited on the antigenic site to within 20 nm. It is not always possible to decide whether each deposit represents a cluster of antigenic determinants or a single determinant; however, if the number of antibody sites is known from ELISA quantitation, information about the number of antibody sites per deposit can be ascertained. PMID- 7020999 TI - Practical control of hemostasis. PMID- 7021000 TI - Anesthesia for cardiac transplantation. PMID- 7021001 TI - Oxygen transport and doubts about PEEP. PMID- 7021002 TI - Patterns of ventilation. PMID- 7021003 TI - Studies on the cryoactivation of human renin. PMID- 7021004 TI - Enzyme measurements by mass: an interim review of the clinical efficacy of some mass measurements of prostatic acid phosphatase and isoenzymes of creatine kinase. PMID- 7021005 TI - Failure of haemagglutination and immunofluorescence methods to detect serum orbital antibodies in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. AB - Serum antibodies against human, bovine, and guinea-pig, orbital antigens were tested for in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy using haemagglutination and immunofluorescence techniques. Although low titres of antibodies were demonstrated in a small proportion of patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy, the prevalence was similar to that for normal subjects using both tests. The significance of these findings and the evidence for a role of autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy are discussed. PMID- 7021006 TI - Effect of exogenous insulin on fasting serum levels of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) in juvenile diabetes. AB - The effect of insulin on fasting levels of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IR-GIP) has been examined in insulin-dependent, juvenile-type diabetics who were well-controlled with two doses of an intermediate insulin. After withdrawal of the evening insulin injection the fasting blood glucose and serum IR-GIP levels were elevated and decreased significantly following intravenous insulin towards normal values. There was a significant positive correlation between levels of blood glucose and serum IR-GIP before and during insulin application. It is suggested that fasting serum GIP levels increase in case of insulin deficiency because basal GIP secretion is suppressed by normal insulin levels. PMID- 7021007 TI - Human corticosteroid binding globulin. AB - The literature on corticosteroid binding globulin (transcortin) in the human is reviewed under the following headings: physicochemical properties, biosynthesis, measurement, and physiological, pharmacological and pathological variations with particular emphasis of the effects of pregnancy and oral contraceptives. Finally, the physiological implications of corticosteroid binding globulin are discussed. PMID- 7021008 TI - Studies of diurnal changes in plasma renin activity, and plasma noradrenaline, aldosterone and cortisol concentrations in man. AB - Diurnal studies were performed on ten normal volunteers taking a normal sodium diet. Half-hourly blood samples were taken throughout 25 h and assayed for plasma renin activity (PRA) and the plasma concentrations of noradrenaline, aldosterone and cortisol. Sleep was recorded polygraphically and scored by standard criteria. Circadian rhythms were demonstrated for plasma cortisol, aldosterone and noradrenaline concentrations, but not for plasma renin activity. The nadir of the rhythm for the noradrenaline concentration appeared to be related to sleep itself rather than to any chronological index. Only PRA was effected by the stage of sleep, falling sharply during periods of REM sleep. Plasma cortisol and aldosterone concentrations showed a positive correlation over the 24 h. There was, however, no correlation between PRA and plasma aldosterone concentrations, except when the subjects arose after their night's recumbency. Plasma noradrenaline concentration did not correlate with the concentration of any of the other hormones measured. PMID- 7021009 TI - The relationship of erythrocyte insulin receptors to red cell age and to monocyte insulin receptors. PMID- 7021010 TI - The basal plasma glucose: a simple relevant index of maturity-onset diabetes. AB - The 'basal' plasma glucose, defined as the stable overnight concentration, has been assessed as an index of diabetes control by comparison with plasma glucose measurements during 24-h profiles in diet-treated maturity-onset diabetic patients and normal subjects. The basal plasma glucose correlated with the total (r=0.98) and incremental (r=0.86) glucose areas, as well as the 24-h M value (r=0.90). In mild diabetes the basal value was more abnormal than the incremental glucose area after meals, since 3 h after meals 'reactive hypoglycaemia' lowered the plasma glucose to less than the basal value. Thus diabetics with a raised basal glucose up to 8 mmol/l can have a normal 3-h post-prandial value. A raised basal plasma glucose provides similar diagnostic information to conventional oral glucose tolerance tests and provides an apposite measure of diabetes control. Diabetics who come up to a clinic, or who exercise whilst fasting, have fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations slightly higher than their overnight 'basal' levels, whereas there is little change in normal subjects. This higher 'stressed fasting' plasma glucose needs to be taken into account when assessing fasting plasma glucose values. PMID- 7021011 TI - Factors relating to aldosterone secretion rate, the excretions of aldosterone 18 glucuronide, and the plasma aldosterone concentration in cirrhosis. AB - In a group of eight patients with cirrhosis the rate of renal excretion of the 18 glucuronide metabolite of aldosterone (U Aldo V) was found to be closely related to the aldosterone secretion rate (ASR). U Aldo V was therefore used as an index of ASR in a further group of fifty patients in order to evaluate the possible importance of factors known to regulate aldosterone secretion. U Aldo V showed statistically significant relationships to both plasma renin activity (PRA) and the plasma sodium concentration (P Na), but not to the plasma potassium concentration (PK) or the renal excretion of cortisol (U Cort V), the latter sued as an index of adrencorticotrophic hormone activity. The plasma aldosterone concentration (P Aldo) was determined in fifty-eight patients and also found to show statistically significant relationships to PRA and P Na. P Aldo showed a weak, though statistically significant, relationship to PK, but not to U Cort V. These findings are in keeping with a role for the renin-angiotensin system in the control of aldosterone secretion in cirrhosis although evidence from other studies suggest other factors to be involved also. Whether P Na was another determinant of ASR, or whether aldosterone was a determinant of P Na through regulating sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule of the nephron, is uncertain. PMID- 7021012 TI - Studies off the opiate control of prolactin, GH and TSH. AB - Opiate peptides are known to influence the secretion of several anterior pituitary hormones under basal conditions. Further studies on prolactin, GH and TSH have therefore been performed in normal subjects, under basal and stimulated conditions, using an opiate agonist and antagonist. Sixteen mg naloxone had no effect on the basal release of prolactin or GH, but lowered TSH. An infusion of the met-enkephalin analogue DAMME (1 mg) increased GH, and produced an exaggerated response of both prolactin and TSH to 200 micrograms TRH i.v. The peak responses of both prolactin and GH to hypoglycaemia were unaffected by pretreatment with either low-dose (0.4 mg) or high-dose (25 mg) naloxone, or DAMME (0.25 mg). These results suggest that opiate peptides are unlikely to play a major role in the tonic or hypoglycaemia-stimulated release of prolactin and GH, although they may be of importance in the control of TSH. PMID- 7021013 TI - [Biochemistry of insulin receptor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021014 TI - [Improved method of radioimmunoassay for plasma renin activity in normal and low levels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021015 TI - [Studies on the etiology of the growth failure of Turner's syndrome by radioreceptor-assay using cultured human fibroblasts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021016 TI - [Insulin secretion, insulin receptor and fat mobilization in children with obesity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021017 TI - [A case of pseudohypoaldosteronism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021018 TI - The immunofluorescence staining of fungi in chronic dermatophyte infections. PMID- 7021019 TI - Suction blisters mimicking pemphigoid: an unusual case of dermatitis artefacta. PMID- 7021020 TI - Vibration: good or bad? PMID- 7021021 TI - Allergy and atopic eczema I. PMID- 7021022 TI - Current perspectives on serological reactions in SLE patients. PMID- 7021023 TI - Murine lupus nephritis is accelerated by anti-glomerular basement membrane autoantibodies. AB - We have tested the effect of deposition of non-pathogenic amounts of induced anti glomerular basement membrane (GBM) autoantibodies on the development of the spontaneous lupus nephritis of female (NZB x NZW) F1 (B x W) mice. Female and male B x W mice were immunized with rabbit renal tubular basement membrane in adjuvant at 2 months of age and their kidneys were examined 35 to 66 days later; control B x W mice were injected with adjuvant only or remained untreated. By immunofluorescent and histopathological criteria, only the 4-month-old female B x W mice with anti-GBM autoantibody deposits had an accelerated onset of lupus nephritis resembling the findings not seen until 6 to 8 months of age in unmanipulated mice. Thus potentially pathogenic amounts of immune complexes are present in young female B x W mice, but these do not deposit in glomeruli until much later in life. Evidently, the anti-GBM autoantibodies modified the glomerular milieu sufficiently to facilitate accelerated immune complex deposition. PMID- 7021024 TI - Effect of age on the induction of autoantibodies. AB - Three experimental models were used to compare the ease of inducing autoantibodies in young and old mice. Autoantibody to thyroglobulin (Tg) induced by immunization with cross-reactive xenogeneic Tg in Freund's complete adjuvant and autoerythrocyte antibody induced by the injection of xenogeneic erythrocytes were studied in C57Bl/6 and BALB/c male mice. In both strains, the anti thyroglobulin antibody response to lower doses of xenogeneic Tg was significantly lower in old as compared with young animals. There were no detectable differences in incidence or strength of the direct Coombs' test following the administration of rat erythrocytes to old or young animals. In contrast, anti-mouse erythrocyte autoantibody-secreting spleen cells, generated in culture and assayed on bromelin treated mouse erythrocytes, were more numerous in cultures of spleen cells from old as compared with young mice. These results suggest that the regulation of the autoantibody production which is stimulated by cross-reactive antigens is under different control from the spontaneous age-related increase in autoantibodies. PMID- 7021025 TI - Ontogeny of the autoimmune reaction in normal mice to antigens in erythrocytes and gut. AB - Normal mice have large numbers of cells (PFC) making antibody to an autoantigen which is exposed when their own erythrocytes are treated with proteolytic enzymes. Antibody against this antigen can be demonstrated in serum by haemolysis tests against the treated cells; this antibody rises to high levels within 2 to 3 days after injection of E. coli lipopolysaccharide. using quantitative absorption tests we have located the 'bromelain mouse' (BrM) autoantigen in the gastrointestinal tract as well as in erythrocytes; this distribution pattern resembles that of classical blood group antigens. We have described the ontogenetic development of PFC, B cells capable of activation by LPS, serum antibody and antigen. Free antigen is found in the gut shortly after birth. B cells rise rapidly to high levels in the peritoneal cavity, but require a short period of culture to release detectable antibody. PFC and B cells increase more slowly in spleen to adult levels by 3 weeks of age. The serum antibody lags behind PFC development. The pattern is consistent with an early stimulation of B cells in the peritoneal cavity by gut-derived antigen. We discuss the possible relationship of this autoimmune response to high natural responses against other autoantigens in mice, man and other species. PMID- 7021026 TI - Expression of Ia-like antigens on the vasculature of human kidney. PMID- 7021027 TI - Inhalation or ingestion of organic or inorganic mercurials produces auto-immune disease in rats. PMID- 7021028 TI - Effect of tin on immune responses of mice. PMID- 7021029 TI - Demonstration of alpha-lymphotoxin in human rejected renal allografts. PMID- 7021030 TI - A th2- helper T-cell subset and the Tmu cell population: a comparison. PMID- 7021031 TI - IgA-IgG nephropathy: predictive indices of progressive disease. AB - A combined retrospective and prospective study of 37 patients with IgA-IgG nephropathy was conducted with the purpose of identifying those clinical, laboratory, and biopsy features associated with impaired renal function and progression of renal disease. At initial evaluation, 11 patients had impaired renal function and 26 had normal renal function. In five patients (only one of whom had normal renal function at onset), end-stage renal disease developed. Features associated with disease progression were male sex, a long clinical course, urine protein level of greater than 3.5 g/24 hr, hypertension, and glomerulosclerosis. A statistically significant increase in serum IgA levels was found at follow-up in the study population, compared with the levels in control subjects, but no difference was noted between those patients with normal and those with abnormal renal function. In addition, immunofluorescent studies on renal biopsy specimens suggest that activation of the alternate complement pathway predominates. PMID- 7021032 TI - Circulating immune complexes in glomerulonephritis. AB - The relationship between the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC), clinical features and renal histology was investigated at the time of renal biopsy in 77 patients with glomerulonephritis. The glomerulonephritides were classified primarily according to light microscopic criteria and later using light microscopy combined with electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Three methods for detection of CIC were used: C1q-binding-activity, anticomplementary activity and a PEG-precipitation test. When two of the three methods were positive, CIC were regarded as being present. CIC were detected most frequently in patients with "hump-nephritis" (5/6), extracapillary glomerulonephritis (6/7) and lupus-nephritis (7/8), and only rarely in patients with membranous glomerulonephritis (0/7), IgA-nephritis (1/13) and minimal change disease (1/5). A weak correlation was observed between the presence of CIC and the presence of glomerular deposits of IgG +/- IgM detected by immunofluorescence, but no correlation with the presence of electron dense deposits was seen. CIC were detected significantly more often in patients with recent onset of renal disease and in patients with antecedent infections. No correlation could be demonstrated between CIC and renal function, proteinuria, hematuria, blood pressure or progression of renal failure. Serial measurements of CIC in 6 patients with glomerulonephritis showed that CIC may be present transiently and not always be related to the activity of disease. PMID- 7021033 TI - Prostaglandin inhibition and myocardial infarct size. AB - In parallel with experimental research into methods for salvage of ischemic myocardium after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in prostaglandins (PG) and their inhibition by aspirin-like drugs or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). The finding of enhanced PG release during myocardial ischemia and its blockade by the NSAID indomethacin led to the hypothesis that PG might influence the infarction process. Because PG differ in vasoactive, cellular, and metabolic properties, and PG inhibitors also differ in their ability to inhibit synthesis of different PG and their metabolites, some PG inhibitors might be expected to reduce myocardial ischemic injury and infarct size. In addition, the NSAID may directly modify cellular events during infarction. Experiments with NSAID in the anesthetized and conscious animals have demonstrated a reduction of myocardial infarct size with ibuprofen, but an increase in infarct size with indomethacin. The opposite effects of these agents on infarct size might have been related to the different doses used, different degrees of inhibition of PG and their metabolites, and different effects on factors influencing myocardial oxygen supply and demand, metabolic and cellular events during infarction. It has recently been suggested that some of these agents might also influence the healing process after AMI and, therefore, late complications. PMID- 7021034 TI - Pulmonary embolism diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7021035 TI - Chlamydia and other genital pathogens. PMID- 7021036 TI - Natural history of cervical dysplasia. PMID- 7021037 TI - Regulation of hepatic triacylglycerol synthesis and lipoprotein metabolism by glucocorticoids. PMID- 7021038 TI - Calcium ions, hormones and mitochondrial metabolism. PMID- 7021039 TI - Haemodynamics, plasma noradrenaline and plasma renin in hypertensive and normotensive teenagers. AB - 1. Plasma noradrenaline, active and inactive plasma renin, cardiac index and total peripheral vascular resistance were studied in 41 subjects, initially aged 10-19 years, who were followed up for at least 2 years after a blood pressure reading of 140 and/or 90 mmHg or more (initial hypertensives) and in 41 normotensive control subjects selected from the same population and matched for age, sex and body-mass index. 2. The initial hypertensive subjects had a lower mean cardiac index (3.63 +/- SD 0.83 vs 4.00 +/- 0.89 litre min-1 m-2), a higher mean total peripheral resistance (26.8 +/- 5.7 vs 22.8 +/- 5.5 peripheral resistance (26.8 +/- 5.7 vs 22.8 +/- 5.5 units) and a higher mean plasma noradrenaline units) and a higher mean plasma noradrenaline concentration (336 +/ 146 vs 281 +/- 126 pg/ml) than the control subjects. 3. Mean plasma noradrenaline concentration was higher in initial hypertensive subjects with a high active renin concentration than in those with a normal renin concentration (442 +/- 70 vs 324 +/- 100 pg/ml). 4. A weight-adjusted standardized regression coefficient of 0.77 between active plasma renin concentration and left ventricular mass was found in normotensive control subjects. 5. These findings are at variance with the existence of a hyperkinetic phase in young hypertensive subjects and suggest that sympathetic overactivity may be related to early essential hypertension through increase of peripheral vascular resistance. PMID- 7021040 TI - Role of the brain iso-renin--angiotensin system in experimental hypertension in rats. AB - 1. To examine the possible participation of the brain iso-renin-angiotensin system in the control of blood pressure, as well as in the regulation of plasma renin activity, saralasin and captopril were injected into the cerebral ventricles of three types of experimental hypertensive rats with different plasma renin profiles. 2. Injection of saralasin and captopril into the cerebral ventricles resulted in a significant decrease in blood pressure of two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats (11 +/- 2 and 9 +/- 3 mmHg respectively) and that of spontaneously hypertensive rats (13 +/- 2 and 12 +/- 2 mmHg respectively), but in deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-salt hypertensive rats injection of these two agents showed a significant increase in blood pressure (13 +/- 2 and 12 +/- 3 mmHg respectively). 3. The plasma renin activity was markedly decreased after injection of saralasin and captopril into the cerebral ventricles of two kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. Conversely, in DOC-salt hypertensive rats, the plasma renin activity was markedly increased after injection of these two agents. In spontaneously hypertensive rats these agents caused no significant change in plasma renin activity. 4. These findings suggest that the brain iso-renin-angiotensin system participates in the central regulation of blood pressure and may be responsible for modulation of the peripheral renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 7021041 TI - Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by L-dopa with and without inhibition of extracerebral dopa decarboxylase in man. AB - 1. The present study was undertaken to investigate the possibility that central nervous system mono-aminergic pathways may play a role in the control of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in man. 2. Eight normal subjects received in a randomized order placebo, L-dopa (500 mg, orally) and L-dopa (100 mg, orally) plus carbidopa (35 mg, orally) after pretreatment with carbidopa (50 mg every 6 h for four doses). 3. L-Dopa administration elicited a significant fall in plasma renin activity (PRA) (P less than 0.01 at 120, 150 and 180 min) and in plasma aldosterone levels (P less than 0.05 at 90, 120, 150 and 180 min); L-dopa plus carbidopa induced a decrease in PRA (P less than 0.05 at 120 and 150 min, P less than 0.01 at 180 min) and in plasma aldosterone concentration (P less than 0.05 at 30 and 60 min, P less than 0.01 at 90 and 120 min), in comparison with placebo administration; between-drugs analysis revealed no difference in the decreases in PRA and plasma aldosterone levels induced by the two regimens. 4. Since L-dopa, as well as L-dopa plus carbidopa, has been shown to augment catecholamine levels in the brain of various animal species, the present data suggest that in man PRA and plasma aldosterone concentration might be inhibited by increased central nervous system catecholamine levels. PMID- 7021042 TI - Effect of hypertonic and hypotonic infusions on aldosterone in conscious sodium depleted dogs. AB - 1. The role of the plasma sodium concentration in the regulation of aldosterone secretion and sodium excretion was investigated by comparing in 13 conscious sodium-depleted dogs the effects of the same sodium load (2.5 mmol/kg) given as either a hypertonic or hypotonic infusion. 2. The plasma sodium concentration was significantly higher and the plasma aldosterone concentration and urinary aldosterone excretion were significantly lower after the hypertonic infusion as compared with the hypotonic infusion. 3. The cumulative urinary sodium excretion during the 22 h after beginning the infusion was significantly greater after the hypertonic infusion, but this difference was not observed in five sodium-depleted dogs who were treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate before the infusions were given. 4. These data suggest that elevations in plasma sodium concentration are effective in decreasing aldosterone secretion and, hence, in increasing sodium excretion in conscious sodium-depleted dogs. PMID- 7021043 TI - Changes in plasma renin activity after hypoglycaemia in sympathectomized man. AB - 1. The changes in blood glucose, plasma noradrenaline and plasma renin activity were measured in 11 normal subjects and in six tetraplegic subjects with a transection of the cervical spinal cord (preganglionic sympathectomy), in response to acute insulin-induced hypoglycaemia (0.15 unit/kg). 2. After hypoglycaemia, a pronounced rise in plasma noradrenaline was observed in the normal subjects but was absent in the tetraplegic group; plasma renin activity increased markedly in both groups. 3. It is concluded that the stimulation of renin release in response to hypoglycaemia can occur independently of any activation of the sympathoadrenal system. PMID- 7021044 TI - Water and ionic transfer pathways of mammalian large intestine. PMID- 7021046 TI - Fiftieth anniversary. Medical Research Society. Introduction by the Chairman. PMID- 7021045 TI - Captopril attenuates adrenergic vasoconstriction in rat mesenteric arteries by angiotensin-dependent and -independent mechanisms. AB - 1. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can attenuate reflex sympathetic vasoconstriction in vivo. We have investigated the effects of captopril (SQ 14 225) on adrenergic vasoconstrictor mechanisms in isolated, Krebs-Ringer solution perfused, rat mesenteric arteries. 2. Low concentrations of captopril (2 X 10(-6) mol/l) did not alter the vasoconstrictor response evoked by sympathetic nerve stimulation. 3. Exogenous angiotensin I and II did not have a direct vasoconstrictor effect, but caused dose-related increases in the amplitude of responses induced by nerve stimulation. 4. The potentiating effect of angiotensin I was antagonized by captopril (6.7 X 10(8)-2 X 10(-6) mol/l) and by saralasin (10(-8) mol/l). The potentiating effect of angiotensin II was antagonized by saralasin only. 5. In the absence of exogenous peptides high concentrations of captopril (1 X 10(-4)-3 X 10(-4) mol/l) antagonized vasoconstrictor responses evoked by sympathetic nerve stimulation and exogenous noradrenaline, but not those evoked by potassium chloride. 6. These results indicate that captopril can have two types of inhibitory effect at the adrenergic neuro-effector junction. High concentrations antagonize responses to noradrenaline and nerve stimulation. This effect is independent of peptide hormones and is unlikely to occur in vivo. Lower concentrations block the local vascular conversion of angiotensin I into II. As angiotensin II is an important peripheral amplifier of adrenergic vasoconstriction, this effect will also reduce sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone. This latter interaction could explain the inhibitory effect of converting enzyme inhibitors on sympathetic reflexes. PMID- 7021047 TI - Early days of the Medical Research Society. PMID- 7021048 TI - A historical dispute. PMID- 7021049 TI - Less than effective drugs: scientific finds support non-payment plans and malpractice suits. PMID- 7021050 TI - [Paracetamol: overdose and hepatic lesions]. PMID- 7021051 TI - [Hyperosmolar diabetic coma]. PMID- 7021052 TI - [Indications for treatment of nephrovascular hypertension]. PMID- 7021053 TI - [New pathogenetic and therapeutic trends in essential headache]. PMID- 7021054 TI - SUC genes of yeast: a dispersed gene family. PMID- 7021055 TI - Physical analysis of mating-type loci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7021056 TI - Chromosomal rearrangements accompanying yeast mating-type switching: evidence for a gene-conversion model. PMID- 7021057 TI - Stability of fluoride levels in surface layer of normal enamel during a 21-month fluoride mouthrinsing program. AB - A 21-month trial of the caries-preventive effect of a 0.2% NaF mouthrinse included monitoring changes in the concentration of F in normal enamel. Subsamples of 25 children were randomly selected from groups receiving either normal dental treatment (Control group); additional fortnightly professional prophylaxes (Test group); or prophylaxes plus fortnightly 2-min fluoride rinses (Test + F group). At the start of the trial the sound labial surface of tooth 24 (occasionally 23 or 22) was etched with 2 N HCL and the etchant analysed for F, Ca and phosphate. The contralateral tooth was sampled at the end of the trial. The caries increments (DFS) for the three groups over 21 months were Control, 2.88; Test, 2.51 and Test + F, 1.77, the last being significantly less than the others (P less than 0.05). The average sound enamel surface F concentrations were similar for the three groups at the start and the end of the trial. F parameter calculations showed that all differences were non-significant. Thus this factor could not explain the reduced caries increment due to F mouthrinsing. F biopsies for the purpose of predicting likely clinical effectiveness of neutral 0.2% NaF mouthrinsing will find little application in public health dentistry. PMID- 7021058 TI - Measurement of plaque growth following toothbrushing. AB - A method measuring plaque by area has been developed which can be used to evaluate the antiplaque effect of agents such as dentifrices when used in combination with toothbrushing. The extent of disclosed plaque 24 hours after treatment on tooth surfaces previously cleaned of all observable plaque was drawn by the examiner onto accurate enlarged scale drawings of the outline of the labial surfaces of all incisors, canines, premolars and 1st molars. Areas were then measured by an electronically recording planimeter. Three separate blind crossover trials were performed using this plaque area measurement in which a minimum of 15 subjects brushed normally on one occasion only, with either a calcium carbonate dentifrice or water. Compared with when subjects brushed with water, a statistically significant reduction of 45%-52% in plaque was observed in subjects 24 hours after brushing with the dentifrice in each of the three trials. In a study with 27 subjects, the periodontal condition of the papillae was found to be related to plaque present on labial surfaces on adjacent teeth as measured by this method. The teeth adjacent to papillae which bled on probing had 77% greater plaque area than teeth adjacent to papillae which did not bleed. Plaque area measured by this method on a continuous scale has a sensitivity advantage over the commonly used four-point plaque indices, especially when comparing effective antiplaque treatments or combination of treatments. PMID- 7021059 TI - GELLAB: A computer system for 2D gel electrophoresis analysis. II. Pairing spots. PMID- 7021060 TI - Theory and practice of image art psychotherapy. AB - Image Art Psychotherapy (IAPT) and its practical applications were presented through one case study. The synthetic house-tree-person (Syn. HTP), a part of the whole therapeutic process, is a unique and excellent method for obtaining information on psychoneurotic patients with problems in family dynamics. Free expression, spontaneous expression and thematic drawings are utilized simultaneously in IAPT. It is important to note again that there are image expressions applicable not only to one graphic representation but to a whole series involving the 'drawing-observing-examining-continuing to draw again' process, and somatic self-expression; that these too reflect the preconceptual emotion and total psychosomatic rhythm, and that there exists a process of approaching the true self over the ordinary defences. The importance of the experience process of images or psychosomatic rhythm lies in the fact that not only an understanding and perception of, and insight into the self can be obtained through creative and somatic rhythm expression, but also the flow of the unconceptualized raw emotion and psychosomatic rhythm is manifest as it is and is reorganized in the total psychosomatic sense. PMID- 7021061 TI - [Nosology and physiopathology in psychiatry--current aspects of Kraepelin's views on pathology]. AB - Nosological and pathophysiological aspects of psychiatric syndromes in the work of Emil Kraepelin are discussed. A chronological review shows that through developing his nosology, pathophysiological points of view because more and more prominent and nosological aspects got only a relative weight. Considering this background, the still accepted nosology of Kraepelin seems to have only the character of a typology, i.e. operationalizing symptoms on the psychopathological level in order to improve scientific communication. The pathophysiological aspect of a psychiatric nosology, however, allows us to prove--by means of psychophysiological methods--unspecific pathophysiologic mechanisms. These mechanisms characterize the organism affected by a psychiatric illness as having a lower modulatory capacity of psychophysiological systems in comparison with healthy controls. This is demonstrated in the results of the investigations of the Tubingen research group on depressive as well as schizophrenic syndromes. PMID- 7021062 TI - [Juxta-osseous and intraosseous implants. Their indications]. PMID- 7021063 TI - [Juxta-osseous implants. Variation technique]. PMID- 7021064 TI - Controlled clinical trials and drug regulations: a report of recent developments in the Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 7021065 TI - Terminology--a plea for standardization. PMID- 7021066 TI - Jerome Cornfield and the methodology of clinical trials. PMID- 7021067 TI - Radiographic tracheal diameter measurements in acute infectious croup: an objective scoring system. AB - The percentage of change in tracheal diameter (TD% change), as assessed by an objective radiological measurement, was used along with a simple subjective clinical score to assess response to therapy in upper airway obstruction in 14 patients with acute infectious croup. Studies were performed on the 14 patients, each of whom was randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: distilled water or racemic epinephrine (RE), both being nebulized and delivered by manual IPPB. The objective radiological assessment and the subjective clinical score both confirmed that RE is significantly (p less than 0.005) more effective than distilled water in the acute relief of upper airway obstruction. The more precise radiological assessment may be of value in determining objectively better drug therapy for infectious croup. PMID- 7021068 TI - Intermittent mandatory ventilation: why the controversy. PMID- 7021069 TI - Respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease). AB - The respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) continues to be the most common cause of death in premature infants. However, over the last 20 years there has been a series of stepwise advances resulting from laboratory studies and clinical observations which have resulted not only in a better understanding of this disease but in successful therapeutic applications as well. The purpose of this review will be to discuss RDS with respect to its (1) pathophysiology, (2) diagnosis, clinical as well as radiological, (3) management including its influence on the chest film, and (4) complications of treatment, with emphasis on radiological interpretation. The complications will include interstitial emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum, air embolus, persistent patent ductus arteriosus, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia as well as the problems associated with extubation. PMID- 7021070 TI - Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with flurbiprofen: a comparison with enteric coated aspirin. AB - Forty patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis were entered for 3 months in a double-blind trial, 20 patients each on 200 mg flurbiprofen or 4.0 g enteric-coated aspirin daily. Statistically significant improvements (Page Test, p less than 0.05) on flurbiprofen were reported during the course of the study for 7 out of 20 parameters: degree of pain, duration of morning stiffness, grip strength, torquometer, Ritchie articular index, number of swollen joints and patient's overall assessment, while for aspirin a significant improvement was reported for 5 parameters: degree of pain, PIP joint size, Ritchie articular index and physician's overall assessment. The amount of improvement between flurbiprofen and enteric-coated aspirin differed significantly (Kruskal-Wallis H Test) only for 2 parameters: Ritchie articular index and number of swollen joints. In both cases the degree of improvement was greater on flurbiprofen than an aspirin. Side-effects were reported for 7 patients receiving aspirin (2 of which were severe enough that treatment had to be stopped) and for 3 patients receiving flurbiprofen. Except for 2 cases of tinnitus on aspirin, the side effects were mostly gastro-intestinal in nature. A significant decrease was found for patients receiving aspirin. A significant increase in blood urea occurred on flurbiprofen. Most values, however, remained within normal limits. The results suggests that flurbiprofen is better tolerated and at least as effective as enteric-coated aspirin in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7021071 TI - Ibuprofen versus placebo in the relief of post-episiotomy pain. AB - Thirty post-partum patients, aged 19 to 37 years, were treated for episiotomy pain and inflammation with either 1600 mg ibuprofen (400 mg every 6 hours) or placebo daily for 7 days in a completely randomized, double-blind study. Pain intensity, movement restriction and extent of swelling in the episiotomy were recorded prior to treatment and at intervals of 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. The difference scores of pain intensity, movement restriction and extent of swelling were calculated from the differences between pretreatment and post-treatment values. By all methods of evaluation, ibuprofen was significantly more effective than placebo at 1 and 3 days after the initiation of the treatment. Only 2 minor side-effects were recorded, both in the placebo group. PMID- 7021072 TI - A single-dose analgesic study of naproxen sodium and soluble aspirin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Nineteen patients with moderate or severe pain due to rheumatoid arthritis were entered into a double-blind, crossover comparison of single doses of 550 mg naproxen sodium and 900 mg soluble aspirin. Pain relief, measured on a visual analogue scale, showed a rapid onset of action of both drugs. Pain relief reached 50% of its maximum within 1 hour on both drugs. There were no significant differences in the pain relief/time curves. Five patients found no relief of pain with either drug but of the remaining 14 patients 10 reported an onset of action of both drugs within half an hour. Nine patient on naproxen sodium and 7 on soluble aspirin rated pain relief as good or very good. At the end of the study, 7 patients preferred soluble aspirin, 4 preferred naproxen sodium and the remainder gave no preference. There were no side-effects on eigher drug. PMID- 7021073 TI - Neuroradiology of major neurologic disorders of the brain in neonates and infants. PMID- 7021074 TI - An idiopathic leg ulcer as the presenting sign of lymphoma. PMID- 7021075 TI - [Retention line of partial removable prostheses]. PMID- 7021076 TI - High concentration of ampicillin and the Eagle effect among gram-negative rods. AB - 79 Escherichia coli strains were investigated by the triple layer technique for the presence of the 'paradoxical zone phenomenon' around an ampicillin disc. 76 strains were positive, 3 negative. 7 positive and 3 negative strains were treated with varying concentrations of ampicillin and counted. Only 5 of the 7 positive strains showed the Eagle effect, all 3 negative strains gave no Eagle effect. The magnitude of the Eagle effect observed is regarded as being of no clinical importance in the treatment of E. coli with high dosages of ampicillin. PMID- 7021077 TI - Transmissible drug resistance in certain enteric bacilli isolated in Tehran. AB - A total of 284 isolates of gram-negative enteric bacilli associated with urinary tract infections or normal fecal flora were examined for resistance to antimicrobial agents and the presence of transmissible R factors. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus isolates exhibited the highest frequencies of resistance to antimicrobial agents. The incidence of drug resistance among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli was considerably higher than its incidence among E. coli strains isolated from healthy individuals. Transmissible R factors mediating resistance to antimicrobial agents were demonstrated in 43% of resistant strains of E. coli isolated from urinary infections and 21 - 26% of those isolated from healthy individuals. Frequencies of R factor transfer among drug-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae and Proteus species were 26 and 28%, respectively. PMID- 7021078 TI - Bactericidal and antineoplastic effect of combination of gentamicin and adriamycin. AB - Gentamicin and adriamycin were tested against eight strains of Proteus mirabilis: using the cellophane transfer technique, combinations of these antibiotics were screened for bactericidal activity. On mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, the antitumoral effect of a combination of gentamicin and adriamycin was determined. Antagonism occurred with the combination in bactericidal activity and not in antitumoral activity. PMID- 7021079 TI - The treatment of the carrier state of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci with clindamycin. AB - 20 children who were chronic carriers of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) were treated with oral clindamycin. Surface tonsillar cultures were obtained prior to therapy and 2 weeks after termination of therapy. They were processed for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora were obtained from all cultures. Prior to therapy, the average yield was 9 isolates (5 aerobes and 4.1 anaerobes) per specimen; after completion of therapy, the average yield was 5.7 isolates (3 aerobes and 2.7 anaerobes). GABHS, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteroides fragilis, and Bacteroides oralis were completely eliminated after clindamycin therapy and the number of isolates of Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Fusobacterium sp. was reduced. Beta lactamase production was detected prior to therapy in 21 isolates recovered from 16 tonsillar surfaces (80%). These included all isolates of S. aureus (8) and B. fragilis (2), 8 of 18 B. melaninogenicus (44%), and 3 of 5 B. oralis (60%). Only one isolate of beta-lactamase-producing strain of B. melaninogenicus was recovered after conclusion of therapy. Follow-up of the patients for 18 - 24 months (average 22 months) showed no recurrence of GABHS in 19 of the 20 children. PMID- 7021080 TI - Rifampicin in free combination with other antimicrobial drugs in non-Tb infections. Clinical data on 650 patients (a review). AB - A review of the published literature has allowed the identification of a number of non-tubercular indications where rifampicin (trade mark Ciba-Geigy: Rimactane) has been successfully used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. The cases reviewed with regard to effectiveness sum 562. The most frequently combined drugs were aminoglycosides (mainly gentamicin), cotrimoxazole, colistine, vancomycin and fusidic acid, these two latter in cases due to Staphylococcus spp. The main indications where combined rifampicin treatment led to favourable results were UTI (success rate 64.9%), bone infections (86.9%), staphylococcal endocarditis (85.0%), respiratory tract infections often due to gram-negative rods (97.7%) as well as skin and soft tissue infections (83.3%), and bacterial meningitis (100%). Very favourable results were obtained in a non-life threatening though epidemiologically important condition, i.e. salmonella carriers, where a 100% conversion rate was reached in an average period of 6 weeks. Special attention may deserve the combined treatment of fungal infections with rifampicin and amphotericin B. Tolerability was evaluated on a total of 650 cases. It appears to be good for daily doses up to 1,200 mg/day, even on long term treatment; less so for the highest doses used (1,800 or 30 mg/kg a day). The clinical results, which are in good agreement with the results of the in vitro tests, indicate that rifampicin may have an important role in the combined treatment of severe non-mycobacterial infections. Further prospective, whenever possible, comparative studies are warranted for a thorough appraisal of its possible usefulness. PMID- 7021081 TI - [The possible role of vitamin K compound in oxidative phosphorylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021082 TI - [Anastomosis of serosaless and serosa-containing intestinal incisions (sleeve anastomosis]. PMID- 7021083 TI - In situ transcription analysis of chromatin template activity of the S-chromosome of Drosophila following high molar NaCl treatment. AB - The chromatin template activity of the polytene chromosomes in larval salivary glands of Drosophila hydei has been assayed by in situ transcription, on the fixed chromatin using E. coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme and 3H-UTP as the monitoring substrate, both with optimal salt and high salt concentration (1 M NaCl). Results reveal an increase in the net transcription of all chromosomes in the high salt treatment series in comparison with the control. The X-chromosomes of the male larval gland also shows an increase in the labelling following the high salt treatment, but the increase is significantly less than that of the autosomes of the same nucleus. On the basis of these findings it has been suggested that the X-chromosomal hyperactivity of the male, as normally known to exist, might be guided by an inherent modulation of the structure of the X chromatin. PMID- 7021084 TI - Photoinduced bonding of endogenous ecdysterone to salivary gland chromosomes of Chironomus tentans. AB - Endogenous ecdysterone has been bonded to chromosomal loci by irradiation of Ch. tentans salivary glands. The hormone has been localized on the polytene chromosomes by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Hormone binding to chromosomes is stage-specific. Seven chromosomal loci could be identified which specifically bound hormone in larval salivary glands, and 21 chromosomal loci which specifically bound hormone in prepupal salivary glands. All puffs that have been described by Clever (1961) as being inducible by ecdysterone have been found to contain irreversibly bound ecdysterone in prepupal salivary gland chromosomes. A small number of puff sites in larval salivary gland chromosomes exhibited varying amounts of bound ecdysterone, (as judged by fluorescence intensity) most notably 117B and Balbiani rings 1 and 3 on chromosome IV. In addition to stage specific binding sites, there were many others showing equal binding of the hormone in both, larval and prepupal, stages of development.--Fluorescence intensities (reflecting the amount of bonded hormone) at puff sites along the tip section of the prepupal salivary gland chromosome arm IR have been computed indicating that differences between fluorescence intensities of different puffs can be expressed as multiples of a basic fluorescence intensity. Thus, the amount of fluorescence intensity (bonded hormone) in the various puffs may be quantized. -The data indicate that in Ch. tentans salivary glands ecdysterone acts, at the chromosomal level. The development of larvae into prepupae generates more puff sites and more hormone binding. This is discussed in the light of current models of hormone-receptor function. PMID- 7021085 TI - [Approach to some question of enamel adhesive mechanism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021086 TI - Invasion of erythrocytes by malaria merozoites: evidence for specific receptors involved in attachment and entry. AB - Invasion of erythrocytes by malaria merozoites involves attachment of the merozoite membrane at the point of collision with the erythrocytes, then reorientation of the merozoite such that its apex is opposed to the erythrocyte membrane, followed by invaginatin of the erythrocyte membrane and interiorization of the parasite. Specific recognition of erythrocyte surface components by the merozoite has been shown by studies on the specificity of merozoites of different malaria species for a limited range of host-species erythrocytes, for erythrocytes of particular maturity, and for erythrocytes possessing particular blood-group determinants. Different malaria species capable of invading erythrocytes of the same host also exhibit differences in specificity for components on enzyme-treated erythrocytes. The attachment phase of merozoite invasion has been isolated from subsequent steps by treatment of merozoites with cytochalasin B -- they then attach to but do not invade susceptible erythrocytes. There is now evidence for other differences between initial attachment steps and subsequent invasion steps form studies on merozoite treatments in vitro which affect invasion but not attachment. It has also been shown that addition of N acetyl-D-glucosamine to cultures of Plasmodium falciparum inhibits merozoite invasion. Elucidation of the sequence and nature of molecular interactions of merozoite and erythrocyte membrane molecules during invasion will be based on the fundamental ultrastructural observations and on the specificity of attachment and invasion steps already described. PMID- 7021087 TI - Effect of inhibitors on glycoprotein biosynthesis and bacterial adhesion. AB - Group B streptococci adhere to influenza-virus infected canine kidney epithelial cells but not to uninfected cells. For studies of the molecular nature of this interaction the bacteria were radiolabelled and a quantitative binding assay was developed with which the following properties of the system were observed. (1) Adhesion was specific for group B streptococci (GBS); streptococci from other serological groups did not bind and did not inhibit adhesion of radioactive GBS. (2) Binding of GBS to infected kidney cells was inhibited by the addition of cell walls from GBS to the kidney cell monolayers. (3) Preincubation of GBS with free influenza virus prevented their attachment to infected kidney cell monolayers. With a centrifugation type of assay, labelled influenza virus bound to GBS. This binding could be inhibited by several glycoproteins after removal of the terminal sialic acid. Asialo-glycopeptides of the complex type, isolated from these inhibitory glycoproteins, also bound to GBS. The influenza viral glycoproteins have been partially characterized and shown to contain a glycosylamine type of complex oligosaccharide. This type of oligosaccharide is biosynthesized by means of lipid-linked saccharide intermediates. Several antibiotics such as tunicamycin and streptovirudin, and other inhibitors such as 2-deoxyglucose and glucosamine, inhibit this lipid-linked pathway. These inhibitors also prevent the formation of mature influenza virus as well as the adherence of group B streptococci. Other inhibitors of protein glycosylation should be valuable as tools for improving further our understanding of the mechanism of cell adhesion. PMID- 7021088 TI - Mechanisms of association of bacteria with mucosal surfaces. AB - Bacterial association with host mucosal surfaces involves a large number of steps. Successful negotiation of each of these requires -- or is at least facilitated by -- the development of a distinct set of characteristics (virulence factors) by the bacterium. The major steps include: (a) chemotactic attraction of motile bacteria to the surface of the mucus gel, (b) penetration of and trapping within the mucus gel (which may be passive or can be promoted actively by bacterial motility and chemotaxis), (c) adhesion to receptors in the mucus gel or to mucosa-associated layers of the indigenous microflora, (d) adhesion to epithelial cell surfaces, and (e) multiplication of the mucosa-associated bacteria. Each reaction is further modified -- or reversed entirely -- by substances such as taxins, inhibitors of adhesion, and substrates for bacterial growth that are present in the mucosal microenvironment. Association with the mucosa is often important for bacterial colonization but can also lead to more effective elimination of the bacterium by the host. Bacteria lacking one or several of these virulence factors may still be successful colonizers if they show exceptionally high competence in relation to others. Examples are the strong adhesion to epithelial cells by Escherichia coli strains bearing the K88 antigen (such strains need not be motile in order to be pathogenic) or the active chemotactic association with mucus gel by cholera vibrios (some of which do not appear to adhere strongly to epithelial cells). Consequently a single in vitro assay for "adhesion" can be expected to correlate with bacterial pathogenicity only when the assay is based on the same specific mechanism(s) which the bacterium under study actually uses for mucosal association in vivo. PMID- 7021089 TI - The mechanism of entry of viruses into plant protoplasts. AB - Plant protoplasts may be efficiently infected with viruses. Attachment to the plasmalemma is a critical step in infection; positively charged viruses readily adhere and infect but negatively charged viruses require the presence of a polycation (e.g. poly-L-ornithine) before infection can occur. The role of the polycation appears to be twofold: to modify the charge of the virus and to damage the surface of the protoplast. Virus probably enters the protoplast during repair of damaged regions of the plasmalemma. Pinocytosis does not appear to play a significant part in inoculation. PMID- 7021090 TI - Models for studying the adhesion of enterobacteria to the mucosa of the human intestinal tract. PMID- 7021091 TI - [Management of vascular problems in microsurgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021092 TI - [Experimental and clinical study of preservation of homologous bone in alcohol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021093 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of rejection episodes in cadaveric kidney recipients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021094 TI - [Is bone-grafting necessary for treating nonunion of fractures? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021095 TI - [Homogenic orthotopic transplantation of liver in animal experiment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021096 TI - [Use of iliac skin-tube and bone-graft for reconstruction of finger (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021097 TI - The effect of Damvar on the formation of hemopoietic splenic colonies in mice, and on the peripheral blood picture in rats and dogs. AB - The present paper deals with the effect of Damvar on hemopoiesis. The test of formation of hemopoietic splenic colonies (CFU-S) was used in mice, the peripheral blood picture and bone marrow differential after long-term administration of Damvar was tested in rats and dogs. The bone marrow cells from mice after a single dose of Damvar or cells incubated with Damvar in vitro showed no reduction of colony-forming activity. A single dose or repeated variable doses of Damvar, or combined administration of Damvar and Cyclophosphamide in some cases influenced the number of CFU-S in irradiated mice following transplantation of normal murine bone marrow cells. A number of CFU-S lower than 75% of the control count was never found. The application of Damvar to rats and dogs caused no significant changes in their blood pictures and bone marrows. PMID- 7021098 TI - Segmental transplantation of the pancreas with and without the ligation of the duct in dogs. AB - The autotransplantation of a pancreas segment with ligated duct to cervical vessels, autotransplantation and allotransplantation of a pancreas segment with unligated duct to iliac vessels were carried out in three groups of dogs. The occurrence was followed of the hemorrhagic necrosis and of their complications. When ligating the duct, the mortality and the rate of occurrence of hemorrhagic necrosis were of 54 and 77% respectively. In grafts with an open duct into the abdominal cavity, for the autotransplantation the mortality and occurrence of the hemorrhagic necroses were of 33%, for the allotransplantation the mortality and autodigestion were of 11 and 45%, respectively. The cause of the hemorrhagic necrosis in animals with unligated duct of the graft was most probably represented by a hematoma. The graft rejection was characterized by an asymptotic course without damaging the recipient. The transplantation method with open duct into the abdominal cavity is promising for the clinical application. PMID- 7021099 TI - Schematic and controlled immunosupression after renal allotransplantation. AB - On the basis of 15-years' experience with the allogeneic transplantation of the kidney, the authors present recommendations, concerning the dosage of azathioprine and prednisone (methylprednisolone) during the schematic immunosuppression. There are favourable first experiences with the immunosuppression controlled according to continuous following of the count of lymphocytes able to form rosettes E (degree of immunosuppression) and that of functional granulocytes (toxicity). PMID- 7021100 TI - Renal artery stenosis of the transplanted kidney. Diagnosis and therapy of the hypertension. AB - Indications for the angiography, probability, of the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension and results of the surgical and medical treatment were considered in 16 patients with renal artery stenosis of the transplanted kidney. The evaluation shows that an increase in the blood pressure in patients with good, stabilized graft function is the most essential clinical symptom of the stenosis. An increase in the peripheral plasma renin activity is of diagnostic value only in the acute phase of the hypertension. The examination of the plasma renin activity in renal veins is valuable when deciding the indication for surgical therapy of hypertension. The results of surgical interventions in two patients with renal artery stenosis in the anastomosis supported the diagnosis of the renovascular hypertension and indicated that reason of the increased blood pressure and deterioration of the graft function need not be the same. In the course of the medical therapy 14 patients were followed--out of them ten patients for 1 to 4 years. The results showed the medical therapy had a good prognosis in these risk patients. Thus, the reconstruction of the artery is indicated only in the case of serious stenosis threatening the loss of graft function and in the case of the accelerated hypertension. PMID- 7021101 TI - Percentage of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle in human lymphoma determined by flow cytometry. AB - The percentage of cells with S phase DNA content (S cells) was determined by flow cytometry in cell suspensions obtained from 27 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. DNA was measured in ethanol-fixed cells stained with propidium iodide after RNase treatment. Cells from 17 samples were also exposed to [3H]-thymidine and labeling indices were determined. An excellent linear correlation was observed between the percentage of S cells calculated by flow cytometry and the labeling index (r = 0.95). To determine the relationship between the percentage of S cells and the clinical behavior of the tumors, the survival of the 27 patients was analyzed. None of the patients was undergoing antineoplastic therapy at the time of the study. The patients were separated into 2 groups according to the percentage of S cells calculated by flow cytometry: those with less than 5% S cells and those with higher than 5% S cells. Clinical follow-up ranged from 5 to 20 months. While 7 of 12 patients with tumors containing more than 5% S cells have died of lymphoma (median survival, 9 months), there has been only one death from lymphoma among 15 patients with tumors containing less than 5% S cells. The difference in survival between these two groups is statistically significant (P = 0.01). PMID- 7021102 TI - A new flow cytometric pulse height analyzer offering microprocessor controlled data acquisition and statistical analysis. AB - The instrument described is capable of storing up to 112 one parameter histograms (128 channels) or 16 one parameter and 3 two parameter histograms (64 X 64 channels). A low cost 10 Mhz oscilloscope displays the graphical and alphanumerical data. During data acquisition, the original pulses, an analogue rate meter and the growing histogram are displayed simultaneously on the screen. The instrument may be completely operated by an 18 element keyboard. The data processor allows calculation of integrals, mean values, standard deviations and coefficients of variation of operator selectable regions of the acquired histograms. Gaussian distributions determined by the statistical parameters may be compared directly with the measured distributions. Distribution curves can be normalized, shifted, added, subtracted or compared with artificial distributions which are generated by superimposition of distinct Gaussian curves. Exponentially fitted background curves can be subtracted from the measured histograms. A text line at the top of the screen displays the numerical values and explanatory remarks. The two parameter histograms may be rotated, observed from the sides or back and projected either on the x- or y-axes. The projections or selected lines or columns can be transferred to the one parameter range and treated statistically. Sequences of one parameter distributions may be transferred two parameter range and displayed as pseudo-two-parameter histograms. PMID- 7021103 TI - Estimation of the performance of an array-processor oriented system for automatic Pap smear analysis. AB - The rapid progress in computer technology makes possible the automatic analysis of thousands of cells on a slide in the field of automatic uterine cancer cytology. Our approach starts with the high-resolution scanning of visually selected and classified single cells determining the training set for discriminant analysis. On the basis of more than 15 morphologic and textural features measured, correct classification results of 95% are reached. Our aim is to speed up our image processing system by means of an Array-Processor, the model AP 120 B from Floating Point Systems. In this study a realistic time estimation of the scanning, segmentation, feature extraction and classification of about 40,000 cells on a slide is performed. PMID- 7021104 TI - Field test results using the BioPEPR cervical smear prescreening system. AB - BioPEPR is a cathode ray tube scanning device that has been developed for the prescreening of cervical smears. Cervical samples are collected in suspension, syringed, counted and spread across a microscope slide. Feulgen-Thionine with Congo Red is used as the staining procedure. Fields of 6 X 8 mm are scanned at 1 mu resolution, using an intermediate photographic step. Morphologic parameters of the cells are measured, as called for by a hierarchical decision strategy. Analysis speed is currently about 4 min per smear; improvements of at least a factor of four are expected. A field test of BioPEPR is being undertaken in cooperation with a local population screening program. In the study two smears are made from each woman; the first is prepared according to the Papanicolaou technique while the second is prepared and stained according to the BioPEPR methods. In addition to smears from the population screening program a number of possibly abnormal smears are obtained from several gynecological clinics. To date approximately 3500 "second" smears have been analyzed by the BioPEPR system. The results show a missed positive rate on the order of a few percent (no missed positives were more severe than a slight dysplasia), and a false alarm rate of about 24%. A further analysis of the age distribution of the false alarm rate shows that a large proportion came from women above the age of 50; the false alarm rate is about 20% for women under the age of 50. PMID- 7021105 TI - A design for a real-time fluorescence polarization computer. AB - We have developed hardware components for our flow cytometer cell sorter which can perform real-time calculations of either fluorescence polarization (FP) or anisotropy on a cell-by-cell basis and which can provide gating signals for the sorting of these cells into two populations. Artificial FP measurements, using electronic pulses varied over a 40dB range, were used to evaluate the computer's useful dynamic range. Real FP measurements, using human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin and labeled with fluorescein diacetate in saline, are presented to allow comparison with earlier work. PMID- 7021106 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of the effect 5-bromodeoxyuridine on mouse teratocarcinoma cells. AB - Several flow cytometric techniques were used to study the effects of 5 bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) on the growth and differentiation of mouse teratocarcinoma cells. The teratocarcinoma system mimics embryogenesis, and the stem cells of this tumor, termed embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, spontaneously differentiate in vitro to progeny that are morphologically, biochemically and biologically distinct from the EC cells. When cultures of EC cells were treated with 30 microM BrdUrd, a pleiotropic response was observed; i.e., certain parameters mimicked spontaneous differentiation but occurred 2-3 times more rapidly while others were inconsistent with, or diametric to, spontaneous differentiation. In one line of diploid EC cells in which tetraploidy accompanies spontaneous differentiation, the BrdUrd accelerated the appearance of the tetraploid population. Analysis of cell cycle distributions during the course of the BrdUrd treatment showed that virtually all of the cells had cycled 2 or more times and incorporated BrdUrd into both strands of DNA. Multiangle light scattering and electrical impedance analyses indicated that with respect to these two parameters, cultures treated with BrdUrd for 3 days resembled spontaneously differentiating cultures of 6-8 days. However, BrdUrd treatment did not induce increases in the kinetics of esterase (EC3.1.1.) activities in teratocarcinoma cells that normally accompany spontaneous differentiation. Analysis of alkaline phosphatase (APase) EC (3.1.3.1) activities showed that unlike the decrease in APase activities which accompany spontaneous differentiation, BrdUrd treatment causes an increase in APase activities. PMID- 7021107 TI - Nozzle design for the generation of plane liquid surfaces. AB - Measurements besides total fluorescence intensity of more elaborate optical techniques such as light scattering, extinction as well as fluorescence polarization and slit scan profiles have been reported in various cell sorter design studies. However the cylindrical liquid stream in air, common to many research system, limits the optical properties of the system. We report the successful application of three new types of nozzles, all having in common the fact that the main optical axes intersect plane liquid surfaces. This has been achieved on the basis of a double sheath arrangement, which we have reported previously. The nozzles generate fluid streams with either rectangular, square or triangular cross-sections at the location of the optical axis. The latter facilitates the alignment of two beams with different wavelengths on the same optical axis within the liquid. Square or rectangular cross-sections improve light scattering and extinction measurements and may well be better suited to more complicated geometrical analysis of cells and particles in flow streams. PMID- 7021108 TI - High resolution optics combined with high spatial reproducibility in flow. AB - Accurate sizing in flow using optical methods generally requires high resolution optics and specially designed flow systems. Flow systems developed by this group have following features: (a) double sheath configuration for optical index match, (b) no curved optical surface in the sensing area, (c) gradual hydrodynamic focusing over a long distance to minimize mechanical shearing, (d) precision spatial positioning of cells by reducing suspension fluid diameter to a cell diameter or less, (e) total thickness between outer surfaces of the flow chamber at the viewing area of 1.5 mm or less. Cells intersect a laser light beam focussed go circular as well as elliptical cross-sections or 1 micron or less in diameter. Cellular extinction is monitored during transit through the beam. Cell length is derived from the time for flight measurement and corrected for absolute values by continuous velocity reference using a second laser beam intersecting the cell stream at a predetermined distance. This second spot may be circular or elliptical, of a different polarization and/or frequency. Simultaneous fluorescence intensity and diameter measurements were performed on test particles using different optical geometries. The influence of the particle structure on fluorescence measurements is demonstrated where high resolution sizing is required at the same time. PMID- 7021109 TI - Identification of mitogen responding lymphocytes by fluorescence polarization. AB - Measurements of the intensity and polarization distributions of fluorescein fluorescence in human lymphocyte populations show changes within minutes after exposure of the cells to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin and Concanavalin A. The distributions of polarization, which before mitogen exposure show essentially a single peak, after exposure develop a second peak at a lower value of polarization. Simultaneously, the intensity distributions show a shift to higher levels of intensity. These shifts can be modeled on the basis of a subpopulation of lymphocytes responding to mitogen. Interpretation of the results is complicated by many factors that may influence the shape of the polarization distributions. In particular we show that the measurements are sensitive to the concentrations of phytohemagglutinin, Concanavalin A, Ca++, K+, fluorescein diacetate, the incubation time and the specific donor. Nevertheless, fluorescein fluorescence measurements provide a rapid and sensitive method for studying the physiology of lymphocytes and for identifying responding lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 7021110 TI - A morphometric expression of differentiation in fine-needle biopsies of breast cancer. AB - An automated method of particle sizing in fine-needle biopsies of human breast carcinomas is described. The average size of clusters of cells aspirated from breast carcinomas was strongly correlated with cytologic differentiation of the tumors and also with the recurrence rate 3 years after mastectomy so that smaller cluster size was associated with poor differentiation and a poor prognostic outcome. It thus seems possible to express in quantitative terms the degree of differentiation of breast carcinomas. PMID- 7021111 TI - Classic Articles in Colonic and Rectal Surgery. Constipation in the newborn as a result of dilation and hypertrophy of the colon: Harald Hirschsprung, Jahrbuch fur Kinderheilkunde, 1888. PMID- 7021112 TI - Oral manifestations of gastrointestinal disease. PMID- 7021113 TI - Immunological studies in patients with discoid lupus erythematosus. AB - Disorders of serum proteins, circulating antibodies, immune complexes to the dermo-epidermal junction, B- and T-cell markers from peripheral blood lymphocytes and the suppressor function of peripheral mononuclear cells have been investigated in 106 patients with histologically proven discoid lupus erythematosus (discoid LE). The results confirm that this condition is primarily a localized skin disease with low concentrations of autoantigens and circulating autoantibodies. By contrast, systemic lupus erythematosus (systemic LE) is a multifocal, generalized disease with high concentrations of autoantigens, autoantibodies and immune complexes. The transformation of discoid LE to systemic LE is discussed, and a possible two-hit mechanism is proposed. PMID- 7021114 TI - Immunosuppression with cyclosporin A: a review. AB - The cyclic peptide cyclosporin A (CS-A) is a fungal metabolite which has only a narrow spectrum of antibiotic activity but profound effects on immune responses, including inhibition of cell-mediated cytolysis, graft-versus-host and delayed type hypersensitivity reactions. It has a high affinity for membrane lipids and probably interferes with an early event in RNA and DNA synthesis. The compound has a remarkably specific affinity for lymphocytes which in most species of animal appears to be more marked for T-cells but in man may be equal in T- and B cells. Other cell types including myeloid cells are spared its effects. Most evidence suggests that CS-A interferes with an early event during transformation from the resting to the blast cell state, probably the actual acquisition of responsiveness to growth factors; it does not affect already converted lymphoblasts; it lacks anti-mitotic activity and cytotoxic effects on lymphocytes, granulocytes or monocytes; it allows recovery of proliferative capacity once removed from the system; and it has no acute anti-inflammatory activity. Whether CS-A specifically inhibits T-helper cells relative to T suppressor cell populations has not yet been determined but this seems likely, and most evidence suggests that clones of cells are attenuated for varying lengths of time rather than deleted. The immunosuppressive potency of CS-A has been amply demonstrated in a wide range of species when used to protect many different allografts and even xenografts. Results in clinical practice are promising but marred at present by a worrying incidence of lymphomas and infections when given in combination with other conventional immunosuppressants. CS-A should be regarded as the first in a new generation of suppressive agents not with euphoria, but with cautious optimism. PMID- 7021115 TI - [Site-specific nature of Escherichia coli K-12 recombination and possibilities for elimination of "hot" sites]. PMID- 7021116 TI - Do medium-chain triglycerides help steatorrhoea? PMID- 7021117 TI - Mictral: nalidixic acid improved? PMID- 7021118 TI - [HLA association of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type I (author's transl)]. AB - HLA antigens A, B, C, DR and BF were determined in 14 sibling pairs with type I diabetes and in 61 patients without familial risks. Significantly positive associations of the disease with HLA DR3 and DR4 and a negative association with DR2 were found. Positive and negative associations with the various HLA A, B and C antigens (A1, A2, B8, B15, B18, Cw3) are of a secondary nature due to strong genetic coupling with primarily associated DR alleles. Localisation of diabetes associated genes in the HLA DR region could be demonstrated in two families with HLA recombinations. In both cases the hypothetic disease gene segregated with the HLA DR segment. Joint evaluation of these data in an international series involving 1200 type I diabetics showed furthermore that around 90% of all patients are DR3 and/or DR4 positive, that the highest morbidity risk exists in DR3/4 heterozygosity and that DR4 positive persons usually fall ill before their 20th year of life and frequently in the last 3 months of the year. Allotment of clinical, epidemiological, virological and immunological criteria of type I diabetes to only one of the both risk factors indicates heterogeneous immunopathogenesis of the disease. HLA DR3 predisposes particularly to endocrine autoimmune disease and DR4 to increased virus susceptibility. PMID- 7021119 TI - [Assessment of aminoglycoside serum concentrations. Comparative study using gentamicin (author's transl)]. AB - Four methods were used to assess gentamicin concentrations in 37 sera of patients treated with gentamicin. It was shown that the bioassay (agar diffusion) and the enzyme immunoassay correlated well, and the latex agglutination inhibition test badly, with the radioenzyme assay which was used as the reference method. Among presently available methods only the bioassay can be performed with relatively little equipment. PMID- 7021120 TI - [Differential diagnosis of pancreatic diseases in computed tomography]. PMID- 7021121 TI - Adverse effects of intravenously administered drugs used in anaesthetic practice. AB - Adverse effects of intravenous anaesthetic drugs may be divided into local and general effects. The former include venous sequelae ranging from soreness on palpation on the day after the injection to thrombosis of the whole venous system of the arm. Frequency of venous sequelae for water-soluble anaesthetics 5 to 10%; drugs sparingly soluble in water are similar in this regard when solubilised in 'Cremophor EL'. Diazepam or etomidate dissolved in propylene glycol can produce venous reactions in about 25% of patients on the 3rd day and more by the 15th day if given directly into the vein, and are really only acceptable when injected in an infusion. The general adverse effects of anaesthetic agents include excitatory effects, as well as those on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems which are almost unavoidable. Excitatory effects are diminished by suitable premedication, and the cardiovascular and respiratory effects can be minimised by low dosage and slow administration. Cardiovascular effects of the muscle relaxants are also unavoidable with the drugs presently available, but further research should provide drugs with greater selectivity. More troublesome are the hypersensitivity reactions which occur with both the induction agents and the neuromuscular blocking drugs. These range in frequency from about 1 in 30,000 with the barbiturates to about 1 in 1000 with the 'Cremophor'-containing solutions of propanidid and alphaxalone/alphadolone. However, it appears that the barbiturate reactions are more severe and prolonged. The frequency of hypersensitivity reactions following muscle relaxants is difficult to assess because marked flushing is very common following tubocurarine and bronchospasm can frequently be due to passage of an endotracheal tube. In spite of the alarm created by these reactions, provided the patient is treated in the standard manner, the mortality should be low. PMID- 7021122 TI - Piroxicam: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy. AB - Piroxicam is an N-heterocyclic carboxamide of 1,2 benzothiazine 1,1 dioxide with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. It has an extended half-life of about 40 hours and is suitable for once daily administration. Published studies indicate that piroxicam 20mg daily is comparable with aspirin 3 to 6g. indomethacin 75 to 150mg, phenylbutazone 400mg, naproxen 500mg, ibuprofen 1200 to 2400mg and diclofenac 75mg in rheumatoid arthritis. In osteoarthritis, piroxicam 20mg daily is comparable in efficacy with aspirin 2.6 to 3.9g, indomethacin 75mg, naproxen 500mg and fenbufen 600mg but is generally better tolerated than aspirin or indomethacin in patients with arthritic diseases. Piroxicam 20mg was at least as effective as indomethacin 75mg in a study in ankylosing spondylitis. As with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs gastrointestinal complaints are the most frequently reported side effects and their frequency and severity appears to be dose-related. PMID- 7021124 TI - Clinical pharmacology of sulphonylurea hypoglycaemic agents: part 1. AB - The sulphonylureas are drugs of limited efficacy with fairly frequent, although usually reversible, adverse effects. Being highly protein bound, these drugs are subject to potential displacement interactions, which when combined with inhibition of their elimination, may result in profound hypoglycaemia. Due to hepatic metabolism and renal excretion of the parent drug and/or active metabolites, these agents are contraindicated in patients with liver or kidney disease. Oral hypoglycaemic agents are frequently used in elderly patients with limited vision and no dependable relatives, who cannot give themselves insulin. It is these patients--elderly, living alone in poor circumstances, often on several other medications, and possibly malnourished--who are at greatest risk for catastrophic hypoglycaemia with these drugs. Long acting agents like chlorpropamide and glibenclamide should be avoided in the elderly and in patients with irregular eating habits. Diet and exercise remain the primary modes of therapy of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. With careful patient selection and attention to drug and disease interactions, the sulphonylureas may be a useful adjunct to diet in treating a small proportion of insulin-resistant (so-called adult onset) diabetics. Patients most likely to respond to sulphonylureas are over 40 years old, mildly to moderately obese, have had diabetes for less than 5 years, and have never exhibited ketosis. There is no indication for simultaneous use of sulphonylureas and insulin. With both insulin and the oral hypoglycaemics alcohol is the agent most commonly implicated in lethal interactions. PMID- 7021125 TI - Quantitation of the B and A cell fractions in human pancreas from early fetal life to puberty. AB - The morphological development of B and A cells in human pancreas was studied with immunoperoxidase strains in 172 cases ranging in age from 12 weeks of fetal life to puberty. Tissue was defined as polypeptide rich or poor to take account of the known islet heterogeneity in the gland. Pancreatic cell density was measured and B and A cell development was calculated in terms of (a) volume fraction and (b) density (micron2/100 nuclei). B cell density increased throughout fetal life to reach a peak at the postnatal age of 2 months, whereas A cell density was greatest in the 6 month fetus. The ratio of B to A cell volume fractions is approximately 1.5 throughout most of fetal life and rises postnatally to a stable value of 5 by the age of 2.5 years. PMID- 7021123 TI - Adverse effects of antihypertensive drugs. AB - Early essential hypertension is asymptomatic and should remain so throughout treatment. In view of the increasing number of available antihypertensive agents, clinicians need to become familiar with the potential side effects of these drugs. By placing more emphasis on non-pharmacological treatment (sodium restriction, weight loss, exercise) and thoroughly evaluating each case in particular, the pharmacological regimen can be optimally tailored to the patient's needs. Potential side effects should be predicted and can often be avoided; if they become clinically significant they should be rapidly recognised and corrected. These side effects can be easily remembered in most instances, as they fall into 3 broad categories: (a) those caused by an exaggerated therapeutic effect; (b) those due to a non-therapeutic pharmacological effect; and (c) those caused by a non-therapeutic, non-pharmacological effect probably representing idiosyncratic reactions. This review focuses mainly on adverse effects of the second and third kind. Each group of drugs in general shares the common side effects of the first two categories, while each individual drug has its own idiosyncratic side effects. PMID- 7021126 TI - [The behavior of glucose tolerance, serum insulin and C-peptide in acute viral hepatitis]. AB - On 35 patients with acute hepatitis had been carried out intravenous glucose tolerance-tests (0,5 g glucose/kg). The assimilation coefficient of glucose and the level of insulin were determined during the acute phase of illness and the recovery phase. In 8 cases additionally C-peptide was determined to interpret the regulation of insulin-secretion and hepatic reduction. During the acute phase of illness the glucose-tolerance-test proofed 15 x clearly and 13 x limiting pathological. Except one patient all cases showed an improvement during recovery and 21 x a normalisation of glucose-tolerance. The serum-insulin-analysis gave 28 x lower figures during the acute phase compared to the healing-phase, whereas the determination of the C-peptide showed higher figures matching the enhanced glucose concentrations, which proves a normal regulation of insulin-secretion during the acute phase of disease in hepatitis. Because of the enhanced C peptide/insulin-index our results support that in the early state of hepatitis the lower insulin figures are caused through a higher insulin clearance of the acute inflamed liver. PMID- 7021127 TI - Inhibition of stress induced hyperglucagonemia by administration of glucose in normal and alloxan-diabetic rat. AB - The increase in plasma pancreatic glucagon which is known to occur under several stress conditions was confirmed in fed and 18 h prefasted rats subjected to a low, "stress producing" dose of the Noble-collip drum procedure (400 revolutions per 400 s). A single dose of exogenous glucose ( 1 g kg-1) injected 3 min and 20 s before stress into the jugular vein of intact fasted or fed animals anesthetized with pentobarbital 930 mg kg-1) completely abolished their hyperglucagonemic response in stress. In alloxan-diabetic hyperglycemic rats the stress-hyperglucagonemia was exaggerated, but was also suppressible by exogenous glucose. It was concluded that: 1. the stress induced hyperglucagonemic response of both intact and alloxan-diabetic rats was completely suppressible by administration of i.v. bolus of exogenous glucose; 2. the site inhibiting effect of glucose might be located either at the level of A cell or at the level of "'glucoreceptors" in hypothalamus. PMID- 7021128 TI - Primary insulin insufficiency after blocking of zinc in pancreatic beta-cells. AB - Diabetogenic effects of various analogues of 8-aminoquinoline were studied. Out of 10 compounds investigated only three showed diabetogenic properties: 8-(p tolylsulfonylamino)-quinoline, 8-(p-benzenesulfonylamino)-quinoline and 8-(p methylsulfonylamino)-quinoline. After the injection of these compounds a long term persistent hyperglycemia took place in rabbits and also degenerative changes of insulin producing cells in pancreatic islets were found. All above compounds form stable complexes with zinc in beta-cells and their diabetogenic action diminished together with their ability to form such complexes. Thus, it may be assumed that a formation of these complexes may be one of possible mechanisms of primary insulin insufficiency. PMID- 7021129 TI - Specific binding and internalization of blood-borne [125I]-iodoinsulin by neurons of the rat area postrema. AB - The specificity and cellular location of binding sites for blood-borne [125I]iodoinsulin in the area postrema and adjacent paravagal region of the rat brain was determined by means of quantitative light and electron microscope radioautography. In both regions coinjected unlabeled insulin inhibited the binding of [125I]iodoinsulin in a dose-dependent manner, and insulin analogs blocked [125I]iodoinsulin binding in rank order of their known in vitro bioactivity. Electron microscope radioautography of this region showed that insulin specifically bound to neuronal dendrites and cell bodies and that some of the specifically bound radioactivity was internalized and concentrated in a variety of subcellular vacuoles. These observations demonstrate that certain neurons of the area postrema are endowed with the receptive capacity common to all known insulin-sensitive cells. Anatomic considerations suggest that insulin target neurons in the area postrema could mediate insulin feedback on parasympathetic function by relaying information regarding circulating insulin status to central autonomic circuits governing vagal activity. This study represents the first demonstration of a receptor-mediated uptake and concentration of a blood-borne polypeptide hormone by central neurons. PMID- 7021130 TI - Endocrine correlates of sexual development in the male monkey, Macaca fascicularis. PMID- 7021131 TI - Hormonal regulation of epidermal growth factor and protease in the submandibular gland of the adult mouse. AB - The structure of the granular convoluted tubules of the mouse submandibular gland is influenced by androgens, adrenal steroids, and thyroid hormones. We wished to investigate the effects of variations in hormonal status on the quantitative and qualitative distribution of two secretory products of these tubules, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and protease. The effects of the thyroid and adrenal glands on EGF content and protease activity of the submandibular glands of adult female mice were studied by RIAs (EGF), enzyme assays (protease), and immunocytochemical methods. In animals rendered chronically hypothyroid by propylthiouracil (4 months) or in animals which were adrenalectomized and ovariectomized (3 weeks), protease activity and EGF levels were reduced by 81-97%. The administration of testosterone induced these polypeptides even in hypothyroid animals. Daily administration of L-T4 (T4; 1 micrograms/g BW) for 7 days increased EGF and protease activity 3.6-fold in intact mice and reversed the effect of hypothyroidism. EGF and protease were also induced by T4 in adrenalectomized and ovariectomized mice, although to a lesser degree than in intact animals. Immunocytochemical stainings of submandibular glands indicated that the number of granular convoluted tubule cells immunoreactive for EGF correlated with the levels of EGF determined by RIAs. With respect to immunostaining for protease, such a correlation was not observed. The data indicate multihormonal regulation of EGF and protease in the mouse submandibular gland. PMID- 7021132 TI - Angiotensin II's role in mediating angiotensin I- and tetradecapeptide-induced steroidogenesis by rat glomerulosa cells. AB - To evaluate the role of angiotensin II (A II) in mediating the steroidogenic response to angiotensin I (A I) and tetradecapeptide, rat glomerulosa cells were incubated with each peptide in the presence or absence of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril or the nonapeptide bradykinin-potentiating factor). Both A I and tetradecapeptide increased aldosterone secretion in a dose dependent fashion, but were considerably less effective (P less than 0.001) than the same dose (2.4 X 10(-9) M) of A II. In addition, both A I and tetradecapeptide caused a dose-dependent increase in A II accumulation in the incubation media, indicating that part of their steroidogenic effect is indirect via conversion to the octapeptide. While captopril (1.0 X 10(-4) M) almost completely blocked A I (2.4 X 10(-8) M)-induced A II accumulation, it caused only a 50% reduction (P less than 0.01) in aldosterone output. The nonapeptide converting enzyme inhibitor (2.3 X 10(-6) M) produced a similar blockade. This lack of complete inhibition of A I-induced steroidogenesis suggests that A I also has a direct effect on the glomerulosa cells, i.e. 50% of the activity of A I is due to intrinsic activity. On the other hand, converting enzyme inhibitors did not affect tetradecapeptide-induced aldosterone output or A II accumulation, making it impossible to determine if it has a direct steroidogenic effect. The failure of converting enzyme inhibitors to modify tetradecapeptide-induced accumulation of A II suggests that an enzyme other than converting enzyme is responsible for its generation. PMID- 7021133 TI - Impaired insulin secretion after oral sucrose and fructose in rats. AB - The effects of sucrose and fructose on responses in plasma glucose and insulin to glucose given orally and/or iv were examined in unanesthetized, unrestrained rats. The plasma insulin response to oral administration of sucrose or a mixture of glucose and fructose was much lower than that to oral glucose despite the fact that plasma glucose responses to these administrations were similar. Oral administration fructose had no effect on the insulin response to iv infusion of glucose. Intravenous infusion of fructose also did not affect the plasma glucose and insulin responses to oral administration of glucose. The inhibitory effect of oral fructose on the insulin response to oral glucose was reversed by oral administration of soybean oil, which is known to stimulate insulin secretion induced by iv glucose. We conclude that the inhibitory effect of fructose on insulin secretion is mediated by some signals generated in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7021134 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of vitamin D-dependent calcium binding protein in mammalian nephron. AB - Immunoreactive calcium binding protein (iCaBP) has been localized in the rat nephron using the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical technique. Kidneys from normal young adult, vitamin D-deficient, and 12 day old rats were prepared by either freeze-substitution or 1% glutaraldehyde-Bouin's fixation. CaBP was localized with rabbit antiserum to chicken vitamin D-dependent intestinal CaBP. iCaBP was found specifically in the distal convoluted tubules (DCT); however, not all cells of the DCT were positive. In adult nephrons, a few scattered cells apparently belonging to the collecting tubules were positive. In the neonatal nephrons, there was also localization of iCaBP to the thick limb of Henle, suggesting a difference in the regulation of intracellular calcium during maturation. Proximal tubules, renal corpuscles, macula densa, and thin limbs of Henle gave no specific localization of iCaBP. These results present for the first time the localization of iCaBP in the mammalian nephron both in the neonate and in the young adult. PMID- 7021135 TI - Dissociation of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone level during dexamethasone suppression test in non-salt-losers with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - We have studied plasma renin activity, the plasma aldosterone level and urinary metabolites of glucocorticoid precursors before and during a dexamethasone suppression test in three non-salt-losers with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, who had never been treated with glucocorticoid. Plasma renin activity, the plasma aldosterone level and urinary pregnanetriol excretion were found to be abnormally elevated before dexamethasone administration. After 7 days' dexamethasone administration, plasma renin activity still remained high above the normal level, while the plasma aldosterone level as well as urinary 17KS and pregnanetriol excretion were lowered to the normal ranges. Several possible mechanisms for this discordant suppression of plasma renin activity and aldosterone level were discussed and the presence of mineralocorticoid resistance, which is not related to ACTH dependent aldosterone antagonists, was suggested in the case of these patients. PMID- 7021136 TI - [The effect of vasopressin and angiotensin II on glucose tolerance]. PMID- 7021137 TI - The effect of 5 alpha-dihydrocortisol on the blood pressure of rats treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate and salt. AB - 5 alpha-dihydrocortisol has been reported to amplify the mineralocorticoid activity of aldosterone. In this study 5 alpha-dihydrocortisol was administered to unilaterally nephrectomized rats treated with 11-deoxcorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and sodium chloride to examine its potentiating effect on the elevation of blood pressure in these animals. Subcutaneous administration of DOCA at two dose levels (40 microgram and 100 microgram/100 g of body weight 3 times a week) resulted in a significant rise in blood pressure when compared with controls given no DOCA. However, concomitaut injection of 5 alpha-dihydrocortisol (300 microgram/100 g of body weight 3 times a week) with both doses of DOCA did not accelerate the development or potentiate the severity of the hypertension in a 4 week period. Furthermore, administration of 5 alpha-dihydrocortisol did not cause a further decrease in plasma renin activity or a greater increase in urinary kallikrein excretion than those observed after DOCA alone. Thus, 5 alpha dihydrocortisol does not potentiate DOCA in the production of low renin hypertension in unilaterally nephrectomized salt-loaded rats. PMID- 7021138 TI - Sequential competitive enzyme immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - In the previous report, we had developed a simultaneous competitive enzyme immunoassay for hCG, using sheep red blood cells as the solid phase. The serum sample was not checked because of serum interference. In this report we have developed sequential competitive enzyme immunoassay. The sequential method is preferred because serum interference is removed and silicone rods are used as the solid phase instead of sheep red blood cells, which would be easily washed away in that procedure. The working range of this procedure is from 0.5 mIU/ml to 200 mIU/ml. That value for serum hCG correlates well with that by RIA (n = 0.904) Coefficients of variation are satisfied (14.2%: within assay and 15.2%: between assay). PMID- 7021139 TI - Binding properties of the insulin receptor of human placenta under different conditions of incubation. AB - The effect of incubation temperature and media on insulin receptor has been investigated employing membranes (4,000 x g pellet; particulate receptor) and solubilized material (solubilized receptor) from normal human placenta. Particulate receptor concentration (Ro) and affinity (Ke) were seen to be affected by buffer employed in binding experiments, both at 24 degrees C as well as at 4 degrees C; solubilized receptor affinity, on the other hand, is affected by buffer at 24 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C and receptor concentration does not vary at either temperature. Solubilization induced an increase in receptor affinity or in receptor concentration depending upon the buffer used in binding experiments. Insulin binding increases at the lowest incubation temperature; this phenomenon is due entirely to the greater receptor affinity on both particulate and solubilized receptor. From these data it appears that buffers induce variations in binding properties of the human placenta insulin receptor, thus, at ths present state of our knowledge, no definite conclusions can be drawn on the effect of procedures, such as solubilization, on human placenta insulin receptor affinity and/or concentration. PMID- 7021140 TI - Clonazepam (Rivotril) and carbamazepine (Tegretol) in psychomotor epilepsy: a randomized multicenter trial. AB - The antiepileptic properties of carbamazepine (Tegretol) and clonazepam (Rivotril) were compared in a double-blind randomized study comprising 36 patients with newly diagnosed, untreated psychomotor epilepsy (partial seizures with complex symptomatology). No significant differences were found between the two drugs during the 6 months of treatment. Measurements of concentrations in plasma confirmed that the patients exceeded the accepted lower limit for therapeutic range of the drugs. PMID- 7021141 TI - Use of rat/hamster S-9 mixture in the Ames mutagenicity assay. AB - Based on the findings of Nagao et al [1978] that phenacetin is negative in the standard Ames test with Aroclor induced rat S-9 and positive with hamster S-9, the test was performed with a mixture of rat/hamster S-9. Phenacetin was mutagenic with the mixture. The activity of the mixture was compared to the rat S 9 alone with low concentrations of 2-aminoanthracene (a strong promutagen for Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535, TA 100, TA 1537, and TA 98), nitrosopiperidine (a weak promutagen), and 1,2 epoxybutane (a weak, direct-acting mutagen). Except for an increased mutagenic activation by the mixture with nitrosopiperidine the mixture was comparable to the rat S-9 alone, indicating that replacing rat S-9 with a rat/hamster S9 mixture in the standard Ames test could increase the sensitivity of the test without interfering with rat S-9 activity. PMID- 7021142 TI - Chemically-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures: a comparison with bacterial mutagenicity using 218 compounds. AB - The autoradiographic identification of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes (HPC) has been proposed as a predictive test for mutagens/carcinogens. To assess the predictive value of this test, results in the hepatocyte UDS assay were compared with data for bacterial mutagenicity using a modified Ames test. Over 200 compounds representing a variety of chemical classes consisting of procarcinogens, ultimate carcinogens, and noncarcinogens were tested in each system. The accurate discrimination of many carcinogens/noncarcinogens was demonstrated by both systems. The induction of UDS in hepatocytes showed an excellent correlation with bacterial mutagenesis in response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, biphenyls, nitrosamines, carbamates, azo-compounds, acridines, halogenated compounds, nitrosureas, quinolines, pyridines, purines, pyrimidines, esters and carbamates. Nitrocompounds, although active in bacteria, were poor inducers of UDS. The results support the complementary and confirmatory nature of these tests for genotoxic chemicals and indicate the usefulness of the hepatocyte UDS system as a component in a battery of short-term predictive tests for mutagens/carcinogens. PMID- 7021143 TI - The mutagenicity of dialkylaminoalkyl chlorides in a battery of short-term assays. AB - Dialkylaminoalkyl chlorides, valuable chemical manufacturing intermediates, were evaluated for their mutagenicity in several short-term assays: The concentration gradient bacterial mutagen assay, the Ames test, the L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell assay, and the hepatocyte primary culture-DNA repair test. The dialkylaminoethyl chlorides were active in all test systems. The relative mutagenic potencies of the ethyl chlorides were similar in the bacterial tests and the genic potencies of the ethyl chlorides were similar in the bacterial tests and the L5178Y cell assay. The dialkylaminopropyl chlorides were weakly mutagenic in two Salmonella strains but were inactive in the other test systems. The purpose of the test battery used in these studies is to generate data on a test compound which could be used to make a rational prediction of the carcinogenic potential of the compound in test animals. On this basis, the results with the dialkylaminoethyl compounds suggest that if these agents which can form the aziridinium ion were evaluated in in vivo test there is a reasonable chance some would be found to be carcinogenic. Alternatively, the data on the dialkylaminopropyl chlorides indicate that they have a rather low carcinogenic potential. PMID- 7021144 TI - Metabolic activation of carcinogens in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay by hamster and rat liver S-9 preparations. PMID- 7021145 TI - Use of the improved arabinose-resistant assay system of Salmonella typhimurium for mutagenesis testing. PMID- 7021146 TI - Mutagenicities of 61 flavonoids and 11 related compounds. AB - The mutagenicities of 61 flavonoids (naturally occurring flavonoid aglycones and flavonal glycosides and synthetic flavonoids) and those of 11 compounds structurally related to flavonoids were tested with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 and TA98. Among the 22 flavone derivatives tested, only wogonin was strongly mutagenic, while five derivatives, apigenin triacetate, acacetin, chrysoeriol, pedalitin, and pedalitin tetraacetate, were only weakly mutagenic. Two bisflavonyl derivatives, neither of which has a 3-hydroxyl group, were not mutagenic. Of the 16 flavonol derivatives tested, all except 3-hydroxyflavone and the tetra- and penta-methyl ethers of quercetin were mutagenic. Of the five flavanone derivatives tested, only 7,4-dihydroxyflavanone was mutagenic, showing weak activity. Of the four flavanolol derivatives tested, hydrorobinetin and taxifolin were weakly mutagenic. Of the six isoflavone derivatives tested, tectorigenin was weakly mutagenic. Of the 11 compounds in the miscellaneous group structurally related to flavonoids, only isoliquiritigenin was mutagenic, showing weak activity. For the emergence of strong mutagenicity, the double bond between positions 2 and 3 and the hydroxyl group at position 3 are required, except in wogonin, which does not have a hydroxyl group at position 3 but is strongly mutagenic to TA100. The 3-O-acetyl ester of flavonol, quercetin, was mutagenic with S9 mix, but 3-O-methyl ethers were not. Six flavonol glycosides, three quercetin glycosides and three kaempferol glycosides were mutagenic after preincubation with "hesperidinase," a crude extract of Aspergillus niger. Of 66 flavonoid agylcones and compounds structurally related to flavonoids, quercetin was the strongest mutagen. The carcinogenicity of this compound should be clarified because it is ubiquitously found in vegetables. PMID- 7021147 TI - An E coli microsuspension assay for the detection of DNA damage induced by direct acting agents and promutagens. AB - We have devised a microsuspension assay utilizing E coli indicator strains WP2, WP2 uvrA, WP67, CM611, WP100, W3110polA+, and p3478 pola- for the detection of chemically-induced preferential kill of repair-deficient strains. Data are presented from tests of 77 compounds representing a wide range of chemical classes which demonstrate the efficiency of the E coli microsuspension assay as both a qualitative and quantitative screen of DNA-modifying activity. Furthermore, the use of a battery of indicator strains lacking different repair systems offers the advantage of providing preliminary information concerning the mechanism of DNA damage induction by a test agent. PMID- 7021148 TI - An examination of the quantitative suspension assay for mutagenesis with strains of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The effects of cell toxicity on the mutagenic response obtained in a quantitative suspension assay using the strains of Salmonella typhimurium developed by Ames et al [Mutat Res 31:347--364, 1975] were examined. Cell toxicity was shown to produce false-positive results when the cells were plated immediately with trace amounts of histidine in the overlay agar. Replacement of the overlay agar with one lacking histidine produced false-negative results when the cells were plated immediately after exposure to a frame-shift-type mutagen. The inclusion of an overnight growth period in brain-heart infusion broth before plating the cells on minimal medium permitted incorporation of mutations into the genome and also yielded constant titers. The addition of the regrowth period is shown to be necessary for obtaining valid results in a suspension assay. PMID- 7021149 TI - Evidence for the presence of anion-recognition sites in pig-liver aldehyde reductase. Modification by phenyl glyoxal and p-carboxyphenyl glyoxal of an arginyl residue located close to the substrate-binding site. PMID- 7021150 TI - Steric course of reaction catalyzed by the enoyl acyl-carrier-protein reductase of Escherichia coli. AB - The steric course of the reaction catalyzed by Escherichia coli enoyl acyl carrier-protein reductase was studied. 1. trans-2-[2-2H1]Decenoic and trans-2-[3 2H1]decenoic acids were synthesized and converted to the corresponding decenoyl thiol esters with CoA or acyl carrier protein. These deuterium-labeled decenoyl thiol esters were incubated with purified enoyl acyl-carrier-protein reductase in the presence of NADPH or NADH. 2. The unlabeled trans-2-decenoyl thiol esters were incubated with enoyl acyl-carrier-protein reductase in the presence of (4S) [4-2H1]NADH. The unlabeled decenoyl thiol esters were also incubated with the enzyme in 2H2O. The decanoic acids formed in the above incubations were extracted and subjected to the action of acyl-CoA oxidase, which had been previously shown to catalyze the anti elimination of the pro-2R and pro-3R hydrogens of acyl-CoA. The resulting products, 2-decenoyl-CoAs, were converted to methyl esters and their deuterium contents were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results suggested that the reduction catalyzed by E. coli enoyl acyl-carrier protein reductase occurs by a syn addition of hydrogen via a 2-Re, 3-Si attack on the double bond. PMID- 7021151 TI - The elongation factor Tu . guanosine tetraphosphate complex. AB - The elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) isolated from Escherichia coli cells that have undergone the stringent response is predominantly complexed with guanosine 5' diphosphate 3'-diphosphate. This complex can be separated by anion-exchange chromatography from Ef-Tu . GDP. Unlike EF-Tu complexed with guanosine 5' triphosphate 3'-diphosphate, the complex with guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3' diphosphate cannot form a ternary complex with aminoacyl-tRNAs as can be shown directly by hydrolysis protection experiments. PMID- 7021152 TI - Molecular properties of two mutant species of the elongation factor Tu. AB - The molecular properties of two mutant species of the elongation factor Tu (EF Tu), derived from either tuf A or tuf B, have been studied. One, designated EF TuAR, is the product of a kirromycin-resistant tufA gene. The other designated EF TuBO is a tuf B product and is present in a kirromycin-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli (LBE 2012) also harbouring the EF-TuAR species. EF-TuAR has been isolated in homogeneous form as a single gene product from the mutant strain LBE 2045, in which the tuf B gene has been inactivated by an insertion of the bacteriophage Mu. EF-TuBO has been isolated from LBE 2012 together with EF-TuAR in a 1:1 mixture. Fractionation of this mixture of DEAE-Sephadex A-50 resulted in an enrichment of EF-TuBO of about 80%. The properties of EF-TuAR and EF-TuBO have been compared to those of a kirromycin-sensitive species designated EF-TuAS, which was isolated from LBE 2045 by transduction of wild-type tuf A. We show here that all three EF-Tu species are fully competent to sustain polypeptide synthesis. All also appear to interact normally with guanine nucleotides and EF Ts. Only in the presence of the antibiotic do the following differences appear. (a) Kirromycin causes EF-TuAS (wild-type tuf A gene product) to be retained on, and thus block, the ribosome. (b) EF-TuAR fails to bind the antibiotic and thus is capable of protein synthesis in its presence. (c) EF-TuBO fails to sustain polypeptide synthesis upon binding of kirromycin. It does not, however, block the ribosome, so the strain harbouring both this protein and EF-TuAR (LBE 2012) is kirromycin resistant. PMID- 7021153 TI - An alpha-amanitin-resistant DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II from the fungus Aspergillus nidulans. AB - An alpha-amanitin-resistant DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II has been purified from the lower eukaryote Aspergillus nidulans to apparent homogeneity by extraction of the enzyme at low salt concentration, polymin P (polyethylene imine) fractionation, binding to ion-exchangers and density gradient centrifugation. By this procedure 0.4 mg of RNA polymerase II can be purified over 6,000-fold from 500 g (wet weight) of starting material with a yield of 25% and a specific activity of 550 units/mg. The subunit composition has been resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate and by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using a non-denaturing gel in the first dimension and a dodecylsulphate slab gel in the second dimension. The putative subunits have molecular weights of 170,000, 150,000, 33,000, 27,000, 24,000, 19,000, 18,000 and 16,000. Only one form of RNA polymerase II could be resolved by electrophoresis. The chromatographic and catalytic properties and the subunit composition of the purified RNA polymerase II are clearly different from RNA polymerase I from A. nidulans but throughout comparable with other class II enzymes. It differs from all other class II enzymes by its insensitivity towards the toxin alpha-amanitin, even at concentrations up to 400 micrograms/ml, and appears to be unable to bind O [14C]methyl-gamma-amanitin at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml of the toxin. We conclude that the purified RNA polymerase from A. nidulans is a real, but exceptional, type of the class II RNA polymerases. PMID- 7021154 TI - A small-angle X-ray scattering study of the complex formation between elongation factor Tu . GTP and valyl-tRNA Val I from Escherichia coli. AB - The complex formation between elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) . GTP and valyl-tRNA Val 1 has been investigated using the small-angle X-ray scattering titration technique. The main species observed is a 1:1 complex with a stability constant log K greater than or equal to 6. The corresponding interaction between EF-Tu . GTP and non-aminoacylated tRNA appears to be much weaker with an estimated log K approximately equal to 4. The radius of gyration determined for the EF-Tu . GTP - valyl-tRNA Val 1 complex is larger (R = 3.6 nm) than that of EF-Tu . GTP (R = 2.5 nm). Likewise, the maximum distance within this complex is larger (Dmax = 12.5 nm) than the one within EF-Tu . GTP (Dmax = 8.5 nm). These data as well as the p(r) curve are consistent with a multiellipsoid model for the complex. From this model it is indicated that the acceptor stem of tRNA is attached to EF-Tu and that the anticodon stem and loop protrude into the solution. PMID- 7021155 TI - Affinity labelling of liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Effects of pH and buffers on affinity labelling with iodoacetic acid and (R, S)-2-bromo-3-(5 imidazolyl)propionic acid. AB - Both iodoacetic acid and (R,S)-2-bromo-3-(5-imidazolyl)propionic acid (BrImPpOH) react with liver alcohol dehydrogenase in an affinity labelling mechanism between pH 6.1 and 10.5. The buffer-independent dissociation constants and the first order rate constants have been determined as a function of pH. With BrImPpOH a pKa close to 9 for the free enzyme is assigned to the zinc-water ionization. The buffers used exerted a protective effect upon the inactivation of the enzyme by iodoacetic acid and BrImPpOH. Phosphate buffer showed a high degree of protection especially at lower pH, while zwitterionic buffers like Mes (4 morpholineethanesulfonic acid), Pipes (1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid), Epps [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinepropanesulfonic acid] and Bicine [N,N-bis(2 hydroxyethyl)glycine] gave less protection to various degrees. An exception was Ches (cyclohexylaminoethanesulfonic acid) which had an anomalously high affinity for the iodoacetate binding site. The dissociation constants of the buffers were calculated for the case of inactivation by both iodoacetic acid and BrImPpOH. PMID- 7021156 TI - Murein biosynthesis and O-acetylation of N-acetylmuramic acid during the cell division cycle of Proteus mirabilis. PMID- 7021157 TI - Conversion of free lipoprotein to the murein-bound form. AB - The time-course of the conversion of free lipoprotein to the murein-bound form was followed after pulsing growing cells of Escherichia coli for 2 min with [35S]methionine. The conversion of the free to the bound form was measured by two independent methods. First, the appearance of murein-bound lipoprotein was determined in isolated murein sacculi after extraction with hot 4% sodium dodecylsulphate. Second, the ratio of various forms of the bound lipoprotein to the free lipoprotein was determined in outer membranes. Both methods indicated that the half-maximal amount of bound lipoprotein was reached within one-sixth of a generation time. PMID- 7021158 TI - A mutant elongation factor Tu which does not immobilize the ribosome upon binding of kirromycin. AB - In the accompanying paper we have shown that polypeptide synthesis sustained by the mutant elongation factor EF-TuBO is inhibited by kirromycin. Here we have searched for the primary site of inhibition in the elongation cycle. It is demonstrated that in the presence of the antibiotic EF-TuBO can form a complex with aminoacyl-tRNA and GTP and that the complex is able to bind to ribosomes programmed with poly(U). Like its wild-type counterpart, EF-TuBO . GDP can form a quaternary complex with aminoacyl-tRNA and kirromycin but, unlike the wild-type quaternary complex, the mutant complex fails to associate with the ribosome. This explains the recessive nature of the tuf B mutation in cells producing kirromycin resistant EF-TuA and EF-TuBO. It also suggests a mechanism for the inhibition by kirromycin of EF-TuBO-dependent polypeptide synthesis. PMID- 7021159 TI - Isolation of a second rifamycin-binding from Escherichia coli by affinity chromatography. AB - When extracts of Escherichia coli are filtered through a Sepharose column containing covalently bound rifamycin a protein is bound which can be eluted either with a high concentration of urea or more specifically with low concentrations of rifamycins. Its Mr is 18,000 +/- 1,000 in the presence of dodecylsulfate, in its absence 36,000 +/- 3,000. The association constant of the protein for rifampicin is 2.4 +/- 0.5 x 10(-4) M with two binding sites per dimer as determined by equilibrium dialysis. Large amounts of this protein are released from the cells by an osmotic shock. PMID- 7021160 TI - A simplified technique for orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat using a cuff technique for portal vein and infrahepatic vena cava anastomoses. PMID- 7021161 TI - Radioimmunoassay of urokinase for quantification of plasminogen activators released in ovarian tumour cultures. PMID- 7021162 TI - Five-year results of the E.O.R.T.C. randomized study of splenectomy and spleen irradiation in clinical stages I and II of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7021163 TI - Clinical trial of a modified inhaler for pressurized aerosols. AB - Using spirometry, the effects on lung function of interposing a tube extension between a bronchodilator aerosol (terbutaline sulphate 0.25 mg) and the mouth and an ordinary aerosol have been compared. Both devices were administered with a delay of 2 s from actuating the aerosol to inhalation, thus simulating inability to coordinate properly. In 12 stable asthmatics it was found that attachment of the tube extension to the aerosol gave significantly better results for one second forced vital capacity (FEV1.0) and forced vital capacity (FVC). The tube extension seems to be beneficial in patients with hand-lung dyscoordination. PMID- 7021164 TI - Switched allotype expression in an immunoglobulin-nonsecreting rabbit lymphoid cell line fused with rabbit gangliocytes. AB - The Simian virus 40-transformed rabbit spleen cell TRSC-1 synthesizes intracellular whole IgG molecules of the alb4 allotype. Two hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoryl transferase-deficient mutants were derived from this line. One of these, TRSC-1-8, was used in somatic cell fusion experiments together with gangliocytes from a rabbit immunized against beta-galactosidase. Out of nineteen hybrid clones surviving in selective medium, only one, L17, was shown to produce free gamma chains which express the a2 allotype of the donor rabbit rather than the al marker of the parents TRSC-1-8 line. The inability to restore IgG secretion in hybrids suggests that dominant regulatory controls are exerted by the TRSC-1 genome on Ig reduction. This supports the notion that the TRSC-1 line originated from a splenocyte that had not reached the final plasmocyte differentiation stage at the time of viral transformation. PMID- 7021165 TI - Induction and regulation of silent idiotype clones. AB - In order to study whether allotype linkage of idiotype expression is related to the total absence of structural gene(s) or to regulatory mechanisms acting on its phenotype expression, the M460 clone expression was followed in b cells from various inbred and recombinant strains of mice cultured at low density in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. Under these conditions, all cultures were found to contain anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) antibody plaque-forming cells, some of which inhibitable by anti-M460 immunoglobulins. In the course of these studies, it also became apparent that, even in the absence of T cells, B lymphocytes are able to exert regulatory functions. Experiments carried out using anti-M460 hybrid cells F6(%!), and affinity-purified anti-(anti-M460) antibodies revealed that clonotype regulation by B cells is mediated by idiotype-auto-antiidiotype interactions. PMID- 7021166 TI - Sequential expression of B lymphocyte surface antigens in vitro. AB - Serological techniques were used to examine the process of sequential surface antigen expression on differentiating B cells in vitro. A 4-day culture system is described in which bone marrow lymphocytes from neonatal mice acquire in sequence the ability to express Lyb-2, IgM, Ia and IgD in response to a 3-h induction with E. coli lipopoly-saccharide (LPS). Lyb-2 can be induced on day 1, IgM can be induced after 24 h, Ia after 48 h and IgD only after 96 h in culture. This sequence mimics the order of appearance of B cell surface antigens during ontogeny. When DNA synthesis is blocked from 0.24 h with hydroxyurea (HU), all surface antigens can be induced simultaneously by LPS. Immunoselection of one antigen-bearing population results in the loss of cells bearing other B cell antigens indicating that the surface antigens are induced on the same cells. When both HU and LPS were added to the cultures from the start, IgM appears after 11 14 h, Ia afer 14-15 h and IgD only after 19 h. Induction of antigen was demonstrated by he cytotoxicity assay, quantitative absorption and the protein A sheep red blood cell rosetting assaying. The results obtained show that there is a population of surface IgM-negative precursor B cells in young bone marrow which, when grown in vitro, become sequentially inducible for expression of B surface antigens. Inhibition of DNA synthesis promotes acquisition of the inducible state, and the sequence of antigen expression is correlated with specific time intervals after DNA synthesis has stopped. PMID- 7021167 TI - Immune suppression to nucleosides: differences between NZB and NZW mice. AB - Previous studies (Y. Borel and M.C. Young, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1980 77: 1593) have shown that one can raise nucleic acid-specific suppressor T cells which diminish either the T-dependent immune response in vivo or the T independent immune response in vitro. The results presented here confirm and extend these observations in several different strains of mice. Administration of nucleoside-modified spleen cells diminishes antibody-forming cells to nucleoside in mice immunized with nucleoside linked to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), Immune suppression was obtained in all strains except SJL and NZW, which are known to be high responders to denatured DNA. Both the primary and secondary immune responses were suppressed in C57BL/6 mice. Autologous cells exhibit a different ability to function as carriers. Spleen cells are the most effective, and to a certain extent, thymus cells. In contrast, bone marrow cells and red cells fail to induce immune suppression. A strain difference was found between NZB and NZW mice in their susceptibility to immunosuppression by nucleoside modified spleen cells. Whereas NZB mice are high responders to nucleoside-KLH, they were easily suppressed by nucleoside coupled to spleen cells. In contrast, NZW mice, although relatively low responders to nucleoside-KLH, were not suppressed by administration of nucleoside coupled to spleen cells. Both male and female (NZB X NZW) F1 mice appeared to behave like the NZW parental strain and were resistant to immunosuppression by nucleoside-modified spleen cells. The significance of this observation for the pathogenesis of murine systemic lupus erythematosus is discussed. PMID- 7021168 TI - Suppression of the primary IgM response by environmental teichoic acid. AB - It has been shown previously that ingestion of glycerol teichoic acid (GTA) in the conventional laboratory diet (8 mg/kg) is the stimulus for natural background responses to GTA in rats. Since injected GTA suppresses responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), it was suspected that dietary GTA also might be acting suppressively. A comparison of rats fed the conventional diet with rats fed a GTA free diet showed that ingested GTA markedly suppressed immune and background direct plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to SRBC. It appeared that a direct causal relationship existed between the degree of suppression and the amount of GTA exposure. When GTA-deprived rats were force-fed varying doses of GTA or when conventional animals were injected (i.p.) with GTA, increasing the total GTA dose resulted in decreased direct PFC responses to SRBC. Suppression was also observed when GTA-deprived rats were force-fed GTA-containing Bacillus sp. ATCC 29726. The phenomenon of suppression by dietary GTA was not restricted to responses to SRBC, as similar results were obtained with chicken erythrocytes. When IgG PFC were measured, no difference between conventional and GTA-deprived groups was observed. Thus, an IgM-IgG shift does not seem to play a role in the mechanism of suppression by GTA. PMID- 7021169 TI - Prostacyclin (PGI2) release accompanying angiotensin conversion in rat mesenteric vasculature. AB - The relationship between angiotensin conversion and release of prostaglandins (PGs) were studied in isolated, perfused, mesenteric vasculature of rats. PGs in the mesenteric effluent were detected by bovine coronary artery and rat stomach strip, and by radioimmunoassay of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and PGE2. Angiotensin II (AII) was assayed simultaneously using rabbit aorta. Both angiotensin I (AI) and AII released a prostacyclin (PGI2)-like substance, but little PGE2 from the mesentery, AII being 5 times more potent. Indomethacin (2.8 micrometers) abolished angiotensin-induced release of PGI2. Of the AI (0.2--1.5 nmol) injected into the perfusion medium, 3--8% was converted to AII in passage through the mesentery. Captopril (4 micrometers), infused through the mesentery, inhibited AI induced PGI2 release, but did not affect release induced by AII. Release of the PGI2-like substance by higher doses of AI (2--20 nmol) in the presence of captopril was always accompanied by concomitant contraction of rabbit aorta, indicating residual conversion of AI. Infusion of (Sar1, Ala8)AII (3--30 nM) through the mesentery abolished PGI2 release by both peptides. By choosing doses of AI and AII which produce equivalent amounts of AII in the mesenteric effluent, it appeared that AII generated locally in the mesenteric vasculature was a more effective stimulus for PGI2 generation than AII in the perfusion fluid. There is no evidence for intrinsic activity of AI, and release of the PGI2-like substance appears to be mediated through an AII receptor. PMID- 7021170 TI - Cross correlation of medullary expiratory neurons in the cat. PMID- 7021171 TI - Filament proteins in rat optic nerves undergoing Wallerian degeneration: localization of vimentin, the fibroblastic 100-A filament protein, in normal and reactive astrocytes. PMID- 7021172 TI - Mutagenicity of oral hypoglycaemic agents. PMID- 7021173 TI - Effect of glucagon on ethanol oxidation in isolated rat liver cells. AB - Addition of glucagon 5 min after ethanol was found to stimulate the rate of ethanol oxidation in hepatocytes isolated from starved rats. This stimulation is of the same order of magnitude as that mediated by asparagine. The glucagon effect is suppressed by antiproteolytic agents such as insulin or NH4Cl. The stimulating effect of glucagon on ethanol oxidation is probably linked to enhanced proteolysis and an elevated glutamate level in the hepatocytes. PMID- 7021174 TI - [Mechanism of action of nonachlazine and ethmozine on the cardiac blood supply in acute myocardial ischemia]. AB - In anesthetized cats, intravenous administration of nonachlazin (1 and 6 mg/kg) and ethmozine (2 and 5 mg/kg) led, 5 minutes after ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery, to the increased blood outflow from the coronary sinus and to a less marked elevation of myocardial oxygen consumption. The coronarodilatory effect of the drugs fell in the presence of a preliminary injection of the sympatholytic octadin (25 mg/kg intraperitoneally), atropine (0.5 mg/kg intravenously), alpha-adrenoblocker dihydroergotoxin (2 mg/kg intravenously), and beta-adrenoblocker obsidan (0.5 mg/kg intravenously). Nonachlazin and ethmozine decreased the pituitrin-induced (2 ED/kg intravenously) spasm of the coronary vessels of the affected heart. PMID- 7021176 TI - Initiation of eukaryotic protein synthesis. PMID- 7021175 TI - [Contraceptive activity and mechanism of action of combinations of 6-methyl substituted D'6-pentaranes and mestranol]. AB - It has been shown in experiments on rats, mice and rabbits that 6 alpha-methyl-16 alpha, 17 alpha-cyclohexano-pregna-4-en-3, 20-dion and 6-methyl-16 alpha, 17 alpha-cyclohexano-pregna-4,6-dien-3,20-dion belonging to the series of D'6 pentaranes exhibit high contraceptive activity when combined with mestranol. The contraceptive activity of D'6-pentaranes combined with mestranol arises primarily from their inhibitory effect on luteinizing function of the hypophysis. PMID- 7021177 TI - Interaction of cAMP receptor protein with the ompA gene, a gene for a major outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7021178 TI - Age-associated accumulation of altered FDP aldolase B in mice. Conditions of detection and determination of aldolase half life in young and old animals. PMID- 7021179 TI - Binding of 5-chloropyrimidin-2-one to horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 7021180 TI - Secreted proteins in the medium of microinjected Xenopus oocytes are degraded by oocyte proteases. PMID- 7021181 TI - Insulin stimulation of amino acid transport in primary cultured rat hepatocytes varies in direct proportion to insulin binding. PMID- 7021182 TI - Yeast phosphoglycerate kinase purified by affinity elution has tightly bound 3 phosphoglycerate. PMID- 7021183 TI - Transport studies in isolated perfused renal tubules. PMID- 7021184 TI - Isolated Kupffer cells, endothelial cells and hepatocytes as investigative tools for liver research. AB - The preparation and utilization of purified liver cell subpopulation is becoming an established tool for laboratory research in biological sciences. The various methods employed utilize cell separation based on differential sensitivity to enzymatic digestion, differences in cell size-density characteristics, and differential adherence of the various cell populations to a glass or plastic substrate. As detailed here, the choice of a technique for cell isolation is determined not only by whether parenchymal or nonparenchymal populations are to be used, but also by considerations relevant for the study of specific physiologic parameters. In this paper, techniques for the isolation and enrichment of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells are reviewed, with special attention to the utilization of counterflow elutriation in the preparation of these and other purified nonparenchymal cell populations. As examples of how isolated cells provide useful insights, studies on the properties of hepatocyte and nonparenchymal liver cell glycoprotein receptors, as well as observations on the immunologic functioned capabilities of isolated Kupffer cells, are presented. PMID- 7021185 TI - Primary hepatocyte culture: substratum requirements and production of matrix components. AB - Primary monolayer cultures of hepatocytes from the adult rat, mouse, frog, or other species are readily prepared, and simple incubation conditions (plastic or glass substrata, serum-free media) suffice for supporting cell viability. However, these fail to support individual functions of the hepatocyte uniformly at levels exhibited by the intact liver, and examples of striking culture adaptive changes have been reported, some as early as 12 hours after cell plating. Of particular interest at present is the role of organic substrata in maintaining culture the phenotype of normal hepatic parenchymal cells. Collagen and other putative components of the intercellular matrix from normal liver have been examined in this regard, and work has now been extended to studies of the elaboration of matrix proteins by specific hepatic cell types. The findings are relevant both to the problem of maintaining differentiated cultures and to an understanding of pathologic states in vivo (e.g., fibrosis) that involve disturbances in matrix metabolism. PMID- 7021186 TI - Gradient coupling in isolated intestinal cells. AB - Work with isolated intestinal cells summarized below shows that: 1) An answer to the "energetic adequacy" question for Na+ -dependent transport systems cannot be provided unless solute fluxes by all routes are taken into account. 2) The conventional view of transport efficiency is in fact a measure of membrane leakiness to solute rather than a measure of innate efficiency for the Na+ dependent carrier. 3) Uncontrolled sugar-induced changes in membrane potential introduce a systematic error in measurements of the Na+: sugar coupling stoichiometry. 4) With appropriate control of the membrane potential the measured coupling ratio is 2 Na+ per sugar molecule. 5) A 2:1 coupling ratio allows for theoretical maximum sugar gradients of several hundred fold via a mechanism sharply dependent on the membrane potential. PMID- 7021187 TI - Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism in ruminants. AB - Partitioning of nutrients among tissues of the body is one role of the endocrine system. Skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and lactating mammary gland are tissues that utilize most of the energy consumed in excess of maintenance. The energy metabolism of ruminants is complicated by the lack of absorption of glucose because of the fermentation of carbohydrates in the rumen. Increased secretion of glucagon after feeding promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis from absorbed amino acids. During fasting, gluconeogenesis is maintained by increased secretion of glucocorticoids. Based on observation form a number of diverse experiments with cattle and sheep, it seems that growth hormone increases the flow of energy to skeletal muscle and the mammary gland, whereas insulin increases the utilization of energy by the adipose tissue. Nutritional and genetic factors associated with secretion of these hormones are discussed. PMID- 7021188 TI - Reproductive impairment and the malformed uterus. PMID- 7021189 TI - A prospective multicentre trial of the ovulation method of natural family planning. I. The teaching phase. AB - The percentage of 869 women in five countries capable of being taught to recognize the periovulatory cervical mucus symptom of the fertile period was determined in a prospective multicentre trial of the ovulation method of natural family planning. The women were ovulating, of proven fertility, represented a spectrum of cultures and socioeconomic levels, and ranged from illiteracy to having postgraduate education. In the first of three standard teaching cycles, 93% recorded on interpretable ovulatory mucus pattern. Eighty-eight per cent of subjects successfully completed the teaching phase; 7% discontinued for reasons other than pregnancy, including 1.3% who failed to learn the method. Forty-five subjects (5%) became pregnant during the average 3.1-cycle teaching phase. The average number of days of abstinence required by the rules of the method was 17 in the third teaching cycle (58.2% of the average cycle length). To what extent the findings of this study can be extended to other couples remains to be demonstrated. PMID- 7021190 TI - [A. A. Bogomolets, his life and work. On the centennial of his birth]. PMID- 7021191 TI - [On the 100th anniversary of the birth of Academician A. A. Bogomolets]. PMID- 7021192 TI - [Philosophical views of A. A. Bogomolets]. PMID- 7021193 TI - [Visionary outlook--the main characteristic of Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogomolets' work]. PMID- 7021194 TI - [Development of Bogomolets' ideas in the area of research into the body's reactivity during the tumor process]. PMID- 7021195 TI - [Reactivity, individuality and constitution]. PMID- 7021196 TI - [Development of Bogomolets' ideas in the area of experimental research and practical application of cytotoxic sera]. PMID- 7021197 TI - [Development of the ideas of Bogomolets in modern allergology]. PMID- 7021198 TI - [Development of modern allergology and Bogomolets' teachings concerning reactivity]. PMID- 7021199 TI - [Role of intercellular and intertissular interactions in the physiological system of the connective tissue]. PMID- 7021200 TI - [Bogomolets' theory of colloidoclasia in the mechanism of action of blood transfusion and its modern development]. PMID- 7021201 TI - [Development of Bogomolets' ideas in modern transfusiology]. PMID- 7021202 TI - [Role of Bogomolets' research in the development of modern endocrinology]. PMID- 7021203 TI - [The Ideas of Bogomolets and the development of modern gerontology]. PMID- 7021204 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of collagen structure development with age and Bogomolets' theory of aging]. PMID- 7021205 TI - [Role of fatigue in the pathogenesis of traumatic shock]. PMID- 7021206 TI - [Problems of normal physiology in Bogomolets' research]. PMID- 7021207 TI - [Spina bifida]. PMID- 7021208 TI - Florence Nightingale - model for today's nurse. PMID- 7021209 TI - H-2 antigenicity of Leydig cells. AB - Partial absorption of oligospecific reagents by the particulate membrane fraction prepared from isolated interstitial cells grown in culture (the harvested cell population contained about 80% Leydig cells)suggests that membranes of Leydig cells carry antigenic specificities H-2K (11,25) and H-2D (4) but not antigens controlled by the I region. The results of absorption experiments have been confirmed by the methods at the level of individual cells; the native Leydig cells gave a positive reaction in the dye exclusion cytotoxic and immunofluorescent tests with he polyvalent regent B10D2 and B10 (directed against antigens of the regions H-2K through H-2I-E). PMID- 7021210 TI - [Short history of dental extraction from antiquity to the present time]. PMID- 7021212 TI - [An "anodontia" to consider]. PMID- 7021211 TI - [Oral pathology in an ancient Egyptian population]. PMID- 7021213 TI - ["Le Chirurgien-Dentiste" by Pierre Fauchard. V]. PMID- 7021214 TI - [Humanism and dentistry: Harvey and Spigelius, 2 parallel lives]. PMID- 7021215 TI - [Rostock tangential connector]. PMID- 7021216 TI - [Dentistry and dental technology]. PMID- 7021217 TI - [Prosthetic treatment of a partially resected mandible]. PMID- 7021218 TI - [Individually placed front teeth in relation to prosthesis design]. PMID- 7021219 TI - [Subperiostial implants]. PMID- 7021220 TI - [Bonding of porcelain to metal alloys]. PMID- 7021221 TI - [Mucous membrane supported prosthesis with four abutment teeth]. PMID- 7021222 TI - [Correctly prepared metalloceramic framework]. PMID- 7021223 TI - History of ceramics, part II. PMID- 7021224 TI - Artic-u-logic. PMID- 7021225 TI - The laboratory man they call Spartacus (what dentists call him is unprintable). PMID- 7021227 TI - Paul Revere, goldsmith. PMID- 7021226 TI - Selection of posterior teeth. PMID- 7021228 TI - Arrangement of posterior teeth. PMID- 7021229 TI - A synoptic review of fluorosis. PMID- 7021230 TI - [Effect of treatments preceding the baking of porcelain on the resistance of porcelain-metal bonds]. PMID- 7021231 TI - [Schreinemakers' impression (XI)]. PMID- 7021232 TI - [Schreinemakers' impression (XII)]. PMID- 7021233 TI - [Errors in the evaluation of the periodontium of the supporting teeth]. PMID- 7021234 TI - [Retention through clamps]. PMID- 7021235 TI - Histories of present dental schools in the United States. Loma Linda University School of Dentistry. PMID- 7021236 TI - The rational use of materials in occlusion. PMID- 7021237 TI - Elastomeric impression making. Biologic, psychologic, and physical considerations. PMID- 7021238 TI - The stone core intaglio in restorative dentistry. PMID- 7021239 TI - Occlusal trauma. An evaluation of its relationship to periodontal prostheses. AB - Occlusion and local irritants are two factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Moreover, occlusal trauma and periodontal inflammation may act as codestructive agents in periodontal disease. Mobility as well as radiographic changes, including a widened PDL space, decreased definition of the lamina dura, bone loss, and altered bone trabeculation, are diagnostic for trauma from occlusion. When periodontitis is present in conjunction with occlusal trauma, the inflammatory condition should be resolved first. If the inflammatory process is controlled and the patient still suffers from impaired function, diminished comfort, or unacceptable esthetics, then occlusal equilibration may be employed. If this treatment modality is not successful, adjunctive appliances or splinting should be contemplated. PMID- 7021240 TI - Occlusion in removable partial dentures. PMID- 7021242 TI - Dental casting alloys. Part 2. the development of standards. PMID- 7021241 TI - [Correlations between Candida albicans immunofluorescence titres and clinical candidosis in dermatological patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021243 TI - Studies on fibronectin in the skin. V. Indirect immunofluorescence studies in dermatitis herpetiformis. AB - Fibronectin is a normal glycoprotein in the human organism. It is important in cell/cell and cell/fiber interactions, and demonstrates a specific affinity to collagen. Fibronectin is abundantly present in the skin, mainly in the dermoepidermal junction area, and in the papillary dermis. In lesional skin in dermatitis herpetiformis, the distribution of fibronectin is affected resulting in haziness, gradual degradation and total disintegration, often with the formation of globular droplets. Intraepidermal deposition of fibronectin is found in lesional skin as inter- and intracellular accumulations, mainly in the stratum corneum area. The possible pathophysiological significance of fibronectin is discussed. PMID- 7021244 TI - Eosinophilic pustulosis with pemphigus-like antibody. AB - A 75-year-old male with eosinophilic pustulosis Ofuji complicated by superinfection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis is described. This is the first case of eosinophilic pustulosis with an antiepidermal antibody. This antibody was directed against the intercellular substance of the lower epidermis and it was detected by direct immunofluorescence in the patient's normal and lesional skin. As revealed by indirect immunofluorescence the patient's serum reacted with intercellular substance of human lower epidermis but not with guinea pig esophagus. Possibly the detected autoantibody is not characteristic for eosinophilic pustulosis Ofuji but rather an accompanying feature of this case similar to the antiepidermal antibodies found in patients with drug reactions and burns. PMID- 7021245 TI - Treatment of multiple squamous cell carcinomas of the skin in an immunosuppressed patient. AB - A patient receiving immunosuppressive treatment through 7 years after kidney transplantation has developed 84 skin tumors during the last 3 1/2 years. 28 squamous cell carcinomas, which all were histologically highly differentiated, could not clinically be distinguished from 49 keratoses. The problem of therapy is rather delicate. In this case the patient has been followed by regular checkups four times a year and all new tumors have been removed by curettage. PMID- 7021246 TI - [An unusual pattern of bullous mucinosis of the skin in Hashimoto thyroiditis (author's transl)]. AB - A female patient developed a severely irritating papulous dermatosis localized on the face and arms, running a chronic course. Histology displayed blister formation and mucin deposits in the corium. Laboratory determinations showed antibodies against thyroglobulin and cytoplasmic antibodies with high titers; thyroid function tests were normal. PMID- 7021248 TI - List of addresses of Club Jules Gonin's members. PMID- 7021247 TI - Alternatives to gold. 2. Porcelain bonding alloys. PMID- 7021249 TI - 'Primary' reticulum cell sarcoma of the retina. AB - Because of the personal experience in 12 patients with the diagnosis of reticulum cell sarcoma of the retina, we believe that this entity is not an uncommon cause for a 'pseudouveitis'. A primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the retina must be considered in the differential diagnosis of uveitis or panuveitis if there is: (1) progression in spite of unusual antiinflammatory therapy; (2) if the initial infiltrations are seen in the deeper layers of the sensory retina and beneath the retinal pigment epithelium, and (3) if neurologic symptoms are present in patients more than age of 40. If the patients refuses methods for histologic and cytologic confirmation, the diagnoses can be made clinically. PMID- 7021250 TI - The microscope as a tool in the management of the sclera. PMID- 7021251 TI - Spiral-running suture for the radial implant. PMID- 7021252 TI - Absorbable implants in nondrainage procedures for repair of retinal detachment. AB - Our experience in 1,700 consecutive cases of retinal surgery for the repair of nontraumatic, rhegmatogenous retinal detachments using a modified technique involving a nondrainage procedure with an absorbable implant was presented. We found that 228 of these 1,700 cases fell into our criteria for the use of this technique. We discussed the indications and contraindications for both the operative procedure and for the absorbable implant, and it is our belief that this technique is a valuable addition to the methods available to the retinal surgeon for the treatment of certain selected cases of retinal detachment. PMID- 7021253 TI - An introduction to microcomputers in biochemistry. PMID- 7021254 TI - Maintenance of intracellular level of polysomes during streptomycin-induced mistranslation in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7021255 TI - Studies on the active site of pig kidney aldehyde reductase. PMID- 7021256 TI - Functions of aldehyde reductases. PMID- 7021257 TI - Active-site residues of saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, lysine-forming) from baker's yeast. PMID- 7021258 TI - Novel affinity techniques. PMID- 7021259 TI - Migraine: a biochemical headache? PMID- 7021260 TI - Comparison between two non-halogenated glucocorticoid ointments in psoriasis. AB - Observations made in a controlled double-blind investigation of two non halogenated topical steroids, hydrocortisone-17-butyrate (HCB) and budesonide in thirty-six patients with psoriasis revealed a clear difference in therapeutic effect between the two ointments, indicating that they belong to different groups of topical steroids according to a classification accepted in the Nordic countries. Budesonide had a good therapeutic effect in all the patients studied, while, as a rule, HCB was clearly less effective. PMID- 7021261 TI - Flufenamic acid and placebo compared in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. AB - Forty patients in general practice with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis were identified as suffering from moderate pain and tenderness and moderate stiffness in excess of 30 minutes. After discontinuation of non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs for 2 weeks, a crossover study was conducted comparing the benefits of flufenamic acid, 100 mg, four times daily with placebo. At the same time, paracetamol at a dose up to 8 x 500 mg daily, could be used for pain which the patient judged to be unrelieved. Thirty-four patients completed the two 3 week test periods and twenty-one patients were improved in relation to morning stiffness and pain by flufenamic acid and twelve patients by placebo--a difference greater than would have occurred by chance (p = 0.05). At the same time, paracetamol consumption was reduced significantly fron a mean of 91.29 tablets to 60.68 tablets for each 3-week period. Side-effects occurred in ten patients on placebo and fifteen patients on flufenamic acid. One patient on each medication had to discontinue for multiple side-effects. Diarrhoea occurred in two patients on flufenamic acid and in one patient on placebo. Flufenamic acid is clearly effective and side-effects do not occur more often than would be expected by chance when compared with placebo. PMID- 7021262 TI - A double-blind comparison of ibuprofen, ASA-codeine-caffeine compound and placebo in the treatment of dental surgery pain. AB - A double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in eighty-seven patients with mild, moderate or severe dental surgery pain to evaluate the analgesic activity of a single dose of the following compounds: (i) ibuprofen 400 mg, (ii) ACC-30 (a compound containing ASA 375 mg; codeine phosphate 30 mg; caffeine citrate 30 mg), (iii) placebo. Ibuprofen was significantly better than ACC-30 and placebo on almost all pain intensity, degree of relief and duration of analgesia parameters. ACC-30 was not significantly different from placebo on any analgesic measurement. No serious side-effects were reported with any of the study medications. PMID- 7021263 TI - Prospective clinical trial on the efficacy of amoxycillin administered twice or four times daily in children with respiratory tract infections. AB - Thirty-four children with upper or lower respiratory tract infections were randomly allocated to receive either a twice daily or four times daily dose of 50 mg amoxycillin/kg body-weight/day. Mean duration of therapy was identical in both groups. Peak and trough antibiotic concentrations were determined. Eradication of bacteria, clinical improvement and side-effects were comparable in both groups. PMID- 7021264 TI - The use of antimicrobials in the mouth. AB - The use of antimicrobials in the mouth, particularly in the form of antiseptic mouth-washes, is widely practised. The purposes for which such treatment is used are very diverse and reports are widely scattered throughout the literature. It is the purpose of this review to bring together diverse literature references and to present a short but comprehensive survey of the subject. PMID- 7021265 TI - A comparison of two iron tablet preparations in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. PMID- 7021266 TI - Controlled clinical trial with Fentiazac cream in sport microtraumatology. AB - Fentiazac 5% cream was applied topically on limited articular and extra-articular inflammatory lesions in the course of a double-blind clinical trial versus placebo. The drug proved to be satisfactorily tolerated and also therapeutically effective since it changed significantly (p less than 0.05--less than 0.01) the spontaneous course of the microtraumatic pathologic pattern producing an early attenuation and resolution of the painful and functional symptomatic pattern. PMID- 7021267 TI - [Social aspects of natural methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021268 TI - pH changes associated with meiotic maturation in oocytes of Xenopus laevis. PMID- 7021269 TI - Neural differentiation following culture of embryonal carcinoma cells in a serum free defined medium. PMID- 7021270 TI - Effect of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetate on insulin and glucagon secretion in the perfused rat pancreas. AB - The effects of varying concentrations of ethanol (1, 10, and 30 mM) and its metabolites (1 mM acetate and 1 and 10 mM acetaldehyde) on insulin and glucagon secretion induced by glucose (11.1 mM) and arginine (20 mM) were studied in isolated perfused pancreas of Sprague-Dawley rats. Ethanol and its metabolites did not significantly modify basal secretion of the two hormones. Ethanol reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion by means of a dose-related effect. Arginine induced insulin output did not seem to be influenced to any significant degree. Acetate and acetaldehyde significantly inhibited glucose and arginine-induced insulin secretion. While ethanol (10 and 30 mM ) did not modify glucagon output during arginine perfusion, acetate and acetaldehyde markedly enhanced it. The block of insulin secretion and the increased secretion of glucagon could explain the diabetogenic effect of ethanol demonstrated in vivo. The mechanism by which ethanol acts on the pancreatic beta- and alpha-cells is discussed. PMID- 7021271 TI - Waveform requirements for metabolic normalization with continuous intravenous insulin delivery in man. PMID- 7021272 TI - Effect of insulin therapy on insulin resistance in type II diabetic subjects. Evidence for heterogeneity. PMID- 7021273 TI - Characterization of insulin-induced receptor loss and evidence for internalization of the insulin receptor. PMID- 7021274 TI - A direct in vitro demonstration of insulin binding to isolated brain microvessels. AB - Recent in vivo autoradiographic studies have suggested that circulating insulin may bind to the capillary wall, i.e., the blood-brain barrier. In the present study the blood-brain barrier insulin receptor was examined directly by measuring [125I]-iodoinsulin binding to capillaries isolated from fresh bovine cerebral cortex. Microvessels were prepared by gentle hand homogenization and trapping on nylon mesh. The binding was rapid, specific, and reversible with one-half maximal binding attained in 7 min and maximal binding achieved in 45 min at room temperature. The high affinity site has an affinity constant of 2.3 +/- 0.3 nM-1, and 50% displacement of [125I]-iodoinsulin occurred at approximately 9 ng/ml. [125I]-Iodoinsulin was not displaced by excess thyrotropin, prolactin, or growth hormone, and proinsulin was much less potent than porcine insulin. These studies confirm the presence of a specific insulin receptor on brain microvessels. Although insulin does not cross the blood-brain barrier, the presence of an insulin receptor provides a possible mechanism by which blood-borne insulin can influence brain cell metabolism. PMID- 7021275 TI - Regional localization of cerebral edema following fluid and insulin therapy in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. AB - To evaluate the location and early time course for development of cerebra edema following therapy for diabetes, streptozotocin-diabetic rats were subjected to constant i.v. infusion with saline and regular insulin. At the end of 1, 2, and 5 h of therapy, these rats were killed and tested for density of the cerebral cortex, subcortical white matter, caudate-putamen, thalamus, and medulla. Density data from treated animals were compared with those from control animals. From these data, change in brain tissue volume as water was calculated. Diabetic animals killed after 1 h of fluid and insulin therapy demonstrated a modest increase in brain water content of all areas tested except white matter. Following 2 h of therapy, all regions tested were edematous, with a magnitude of edema that was similar to that seen at 1 h. After 5 h of therapy, there was further increase in water content of the cerebral cortex, but not the other regions examined. Treatment with saline alone did not result in central overhydration. The findings of this study suggest that aggressive therapy with fluids and insulin, but not fluid alone, results in global overhydration of the brains of diabetic animals. Prolonged fluid and insulin treatment with a return of blood glucose to normal values causes further and preferential accumulation of edema fluid in the cerebral cortex. PMID- 7021276 TI - The effects of a low-dose intravenous insulin infusion upon plasma glucose and non-esterified fatty acid levels in very obese and non-obese human subjects. AB - After an overnight fast, the effects of a 30-min low-dose intravenous insulin infusion (2.6 units/h) upon plasma glucose and non-esterified fatty acids were compared in 29 very obese patients and 17 non-obese controls. The dose of insulin was chosen so as to have its sole or predominant hypoglycaemic effect upon hepatic glucose release. The proportional fall from basal values at 30 min of both plasma glucose and non-esterified fatty acids was significantly greater in the controls and there was no difference between males and females. In the controls the fall in plasma glucose and non-esterified fatty acids was significantly and inversely correlated with the basal plasma insulin level. Neither index of insulin sensitivity was significantly related with the basal plasma insulin in the obese subjects. Weight lost in the obese subjects led to increased insulin sensitivity; in particular, the degree of change in insulin induced non-esterified fatty acids was significantly related to the percentage change in weight. Despite their extreme degree of obesity, the distributions of basal plasma insulin levels and the indices of insulin sensitivity in the obese subjects overlapped with those of the non-obese controls. PMID- 7021277 TI - Plasma vasopressin during insulin withdrawal in insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - Plasma vasopressin was measured in seven insulin-treated diabetics during 24 h of insulin withdrawal to determine: 1) if abnormalities of the neurohypophysial renal axis contribute to the dehydration of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus; and 2) the factors causing elevated levels of vasopressin in diabetic ketoacidosis. During the 24 h period of insulin withdrawal, blood glucose rose from 6.7 +/- 1.0 to 20.7 +/- 2.4 mmol/l, whereas plasma vasopressin was 3.6 +/- 0.5 pg/ml initially and in four patients showed little change. Markedly elevated levels of plasma vasopressin (17.8, 19.8 and 26.6 pg/ml) were observed in three patients following the onset of hypovolaemia, nausea and/or vomiting which are known to stimulate vasopressin release. Free water clearance was negative throughout the study in all patients. Thirst was not noted despite marked hyperglycaemia (16.9 +/- 2.5 mmol/l) until a significant fall in body weight of 0.9 +/- 0.2 kg had occurred (p less than 0.005). We concluded that marked elevation of vasopressin results from non-osmotic stimulation and that the mechanisms of body water conservation are overridden by the glycosuric diuresis. PMID- 7021278 TI - The acute metabolic effects of glucagon and its interactions with insulin in forearm tissue. AB - The acute effects of glucagon (mol. wt. 3500) and its interactions with insulin were studied in the forearm during eight studies in seven normal, post-absorptive males. The protocol consisted of a 2 h baseline, 1 h glucagon perfusion (mean glucagon increment, 691 +/- 50 pg/ml), 1 h perfusion of both insulin and glucagon (mean insulin increment of 105 insulin and glucagon (mean insulin increment of 105 /- 13 mU/l) and a 30 min recovery period. Simultaneous arterial (A), deep venous (DV), and superficial venous (SV) blood samples were obtained at 30 min intervals. Perfusion of glucagon resulted in a decrease in (A-DV) non-esterified fatty acids of -0.128 +/- 0.057 mmol/l (n = 7, p less than 0.05) and (A-SV) non esterified fatty acids of -0.081 +/- 0.36 mol/l (n = 7, p less than 0.05), as well as a change in deep compartment uptake of glycerol after 60 min of -0.044 +/ 0.019 mumol/min/100 ml of forearm tissue (n=6, p less than 0.05), indicating increased lipolysis. There was also a decrease in net glucose uptake as reflected by a change in (A-Dids of -0.081 +/- 0.36 mol/l (n = 7, p less than 0.05), as well as a change in deep compartment uptake of glycerol after 60 min of -0.044 +/ 0.019 mumol/min/100 ml of forearm tissue (n=6, p less than 0.05), indicating increased lipolysis. There was also a decrease in net glucose uptake as reflected by a change in (A-Dids of -0.081 +/- 0.36 mol/l (n = 7, p less than 0.05), as well as a change in deep compartment uptake of glycerol after 60 min of -0.044 +/ 0.019 mumol/min/100 ml of forearm tissue (n=6, p less than 0.05), indicating increased lipolysis. There was also a decrease in net glucose uptake as reflected by a change in (A-DV) of -0.24 +/- 0.09 mmol/l (n = 7, p less than 0.025) and (A SV) of 0.10 +/- 0.05 mmol/l (n = 7, p less than 0.05). There was also a net decrease in deep arteriovenous differences of potassium in six of seven subjects. Insulin levels, similar to those found after a meal, rapidly reversed the effects of glucagon on non-esterified fatty acid, glucose and potassium. These effects persisted throughout the recovery period. PMID- 7021279 TI - Hexose transport in human adipocytes: factors influencing the response to insulin and kinetics of methylglucose and glucose transport. AB - Optimal experimental conditions were defined for measuring the initial uptake rate of the non-metabolizable sugar analogue 3-O-methylglucose in non-stimulated and insulin-stimulated human adipocytes. The permeability of the adipocyte plasma membrane for tracer methylglucose (100 mumol/l) was 2.9 X 10(-7) cm X s-1 at 37 degrees C and slightly lower at 20 degrees C. At 37 degrees C and pH 7.4 insulin (5 nmol/l) increased the permeability about twofold (range 1.5 to fivefold) with half maximal effect at about 100 pmol/l). At pH 7.0 the dose response curve for the insulin effect on the uptake rate of methylglucose was shifted about 2.5-fold to the right. The permeability to L-glucose due to simple diffusion was estimated as 3.0 X 10(-10) cm X s-1 suggesting that uptake of methylglucose occurs almost exclusively by facilitated diffusion. The Km for methylglucose equilibrium exchange in insulin stimulated cells was about 4.8 mmol/l. The initial uptake of tracer methylglucose in insulin-stimulated cells was inhibited by unlabelled methylglucose and by D-glucose with inhibition constants of about 3.8 and 7.7 mmol/l respectively. Uptake of tracer 2-deoxyglucose (50 mumol/l) in insulin stimulated adipocytes was linear from 10 s to 5 min whereas the rate of uptake in the presence of 3 mmol/l of D-glucose was markedly decreased suggesting that deoxyglucose uptake after a few minutes is mainly limited by hexokinase in the presence of glucose. PMID- 7021280 TI - Insulin receptor binding and receptor-mediated insulin degradation in human adipocytes. AB - 125I-insulin binding and receptor-mediated insulin degradation were studied in isolated human fat cells from subcutaneous tissue. A high albumin concentration during cell isolation and incubation protected the fragile human adipocyte from lysis. Binding of tracer was pH dependent with an optimum between 7.4 and 7.6. At 37 degrees C steady state was reached by 45 min and maintained for at least 2 h. The binding of labelled insulin in the presence of 10 mumol/l unlabelled insulin was only 1-4% of the total insulin binding. The half-maximal displacement of tracer iodoinsulin (10 pmol/l) by unlabelled insulin occurred at 0.25 nmol/l. Kinetic studies of the dissociation of labelled iodoinsulin from fat cells showed a slight acceleration in the presence of a high concentration of unlabelled insulin in the washout buffer as compared to a buffer containing no insulin. At steady state binding about 95% of the cell-associated radioactivity was extracted as iodoinsulin as judged by gel filtration. The remaining 5% co-eluted with iodotyrosine. During 60 min about 90% of the cell-associated radioactivity dissociated as iodoinsulin and the rest as iodotyrosine. CONCLUSIONS: 1) A high albumin content of buffers prevents traumatization of the human adipocyte; 2) under these conditions steady state binding of insulin is readily measured at 37 degrees C; 3) the use of a washing procedure makes the non-specific binding negligible; 4) the human adipocyte insulin receptor has a very high affinity; 5) receptor-mediated insulin degradation is minimal. PMID- 7021281 TI - Relationship between insulin binding and glycogenesis in cultured fetal hepatocytes. AB - Binding of 125I-insulin and the stimulatory effect of insulin on 14C-glucose incorporation into glycogen have been studied in cultured fetal rat hepatocytes. Measurement of both variables was possible at 37 degrees C because of the slow rate of insulin degradation in the medium. 125I-insulin binding approached maximum after 10 min, thus largely preceding the insulin glycogenic effect which became significant after 45 min. Maximal effect was observed after 3 h with 10 nmol/l insulin when 16,000 specific sites per hepatocyte were occupied and half maximal response was achieved with 0.3 nmol/l insulin (2,900 sites/hepatocyte). Dissociation of bound insulin was rapid (t 1/2 = 3 min) and accelerated by the availability of native insulin. In hepatocytes preincubated with insulin, binding was measured after 30 min incubation in the absence of hormone which allowed the liberation of most (95%) of the bound insulin. No modification of insulin binding was observed over extended periods (2-24 h) of exposure to 10 nmol/l insulin, when the glycogenic effect of insulin showed striking variations, notably a cessation of the effect between 4 and 12 h. Thus the time-dependence of the glycogenic effect of insulin cannot be related to a defect in insulin binding in cultured fetal hepatocytes. PMID- 7021282 TI - Observations on the progeny of alloxan- or streptozotocin-diabetic rats cured by pancreatic transplantation. PMID- 7021283 TI - Hypersecretion of proinsulin in thyrotoxicosis. AB - The plasma insulin, C-peptide and proinsulin concentrations were investigated in thyrotoxic patients and in normal controls after an overnight fast, during a 36 h fasting period, an intravenous glucose tolerance test and an oral glucose tolerance test. The main finding was a significantly raised concentration of proinsulin in plasma of patients with thyrotoxicosis. After an overnight fast the plasma proinsulin was 0.048 +/- 0.005 pmol/ml in 15 thyrotoxic patients compared with 0.023 +/- 0.012 pmol/ml in 15 euthyroid controls. A twofold rise of plasma proinsulin concentration was also found in thyrotoxic patients during a prolonged fast, and during intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests. The immunoreactivity of proinsulin in the insulin radioimmunoassay gave rise to slightly elevated concentrations of immunoreactive insulin in thyrotoxic patients in all the conditions investigated. When insulin values were corrected for proinsulin crossreactivity, they were similar in euthyroid controls and thyrotoxic patients. The concentration of plasma C-peptide was not significantly altered in thyrotoxic patients during intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests. PMID- 7021284 TI - The effect of treatment of type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus on plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon. AB - The effect of the control of diabetes with diet and insulin upon plasma levels of human pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon was determined in eight patients with Type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus. The mean +/- SEM fasting plasma glucose was 15.9 +/- 1.3 mmol/l for 5 days of diet treatment and 5.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/l for the last 5 days of treatment with diet plus insulin (p less than 0.0001); corresponding fasting plasma pancreatic polypeptide levels were 328 +/- 97 and 247 +/- 71 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) and immunoreactive glucagon levels were 95 +/- 11 and 62 +/- 6 pg/ml (p less than 0.005). Cooked ground beef was administered on the first day of diet treatment and on the last day of treatment with diet plus insulin; mean maximal rise of pancreatic polypeptide, and total and incremental plasma pancreatic polypeptide response areas were significantly lower following treatment (p less than 0.01), as was total area for immunoreactive glucagon (p less than 0.05). Normalisation of fasting plasma glucose by short-term treatment with diet plus insulin is associated with decreases in basal and stimulated secretory activity of the pancreatic polypeptide cells in insulin independent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7021285 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of amino acid-induced insulin release. Biosynthetic and secretory responses of rat pancreatic islet to L-leucine and L glutamine. AB - L-glutamine dramatically augments insulin release evoked by L-leucine. The dynamics, specificity and environmental modifications of the insulin secretory response to the combination of L-glutamine and L-leucine were investigated. L glutamine alone failed to stimulate proinsulin biosynthesis or insulin release in rat pancreatic islets, but augmented synthesis and secretion evoked by L-leucine. In relation to the secretory response, L-glutamine could be replaced by L asparagine but not L-glutamate; L-leucine could be replaced by L-norvaline or L isoleucine but not by L-valine, L-norleucine, glycine, L-serine, L-lysine, L phenylalanine or L-arginine. The secretory response to L-leucine was rapid and biphasic whereas the enhancing action of L-glutamine upon insulin release was progressive. The release of insulin evoked by the combination of L-leucine and L glutamine was inhibited by antimycin A, menadione, ammonium ions, verapamil, adrenaline, and by the absence of extracellular Ca2+. It was increased at high carbon dioxide tension, and by glucose, theophylline and cytochalasin B. It is concluded that the enhancing action of L-glutamine upon insulin release evoked by certain amino acids represents a phenomenon dependent on the integrity of oxidative metabolism and involving essentially the same sequence of metabolic, ionic and motile events as that characterizing the process of glucose-induced insulin release. PMID- 7021286 TI - Effects of prednisolone and dexamethasone in vivo and in vitro: studies of insulin binding, deoxyglucose uptake and glucose oxidation in rat adipocytes. AB - We have studied the effects of dexamethasone and prednisolone in vitro and in vivo on insulin binding, deoxyglucose uptake and glucose oxidation in rat adipocytes. In the studies in vivo, rats were treated for 22 h with dexamethasone (30 micrograms/kg) or prednisolone (200 micrograms/kg). Following sacrifice, adipocytes were prepared and the results demonstrated that cells from prednisolone treated rats showed a 17% increase in insulin binding and increased rates of basal and insulin stimulated deoxyglucose uptake and glucose oxidation. Conversely, dexamethasone administration resulted in a 22% decrease in insulin binding, and decreased rates of deoxyglucose uptake and glucose oxidation by the cells. Thus, prednisolone and dexamethasone had opposite effects in vivo. In contrast to the opposite effects of the two glucocorticoids in vivo, dexamethasone and prednisolone (each at a concentration of 1 mumol/l) had similar effects on adipocytes in vitro. Incubation of adipocytes with the steroids did not alter insulin binding, while both agents led to a comparable decrease in the rates of basal and insulin stimulated deoxyglucose uptake and glucose oxidation. Thus, dexamethasone and prednisolone have opposite effects on adipocyte glucose metabolism in vivo but have similar effects in vitro. PMID- 7021287 TI - Intermittent hyperinsulinaemia and arterial glycosaminoglycans in dogs. PMID- 7021288 TI - Insulin antibodies in an infant with hyperinsulinism and persistent hypoglycaemia treated with glucagon. PMID- 7021289 TI - Subcutaneous degradation of insulin. PMID- 7021291 TI - The relationship between residual insulin secretion and metabolic stability in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the great differences in metabolic control between labile and stable insulin dependent juvenile diabetics could be explained by differences in residual pancreatic B cell function. Nine labile diabetics, ten stable diabetics on one insulin injection a day and nine stable diabetics on two insulin injections a day were investigated during a 24-h period during which they maintained their usual diet and insulin therapy. Serum C peptide concentrations were measured after removal of proinsulin bound to insulin antibodies. The labile diabetics did not show any significant change in C-peptide concentrations despite great fluctuations in plasma glucose concentrations. In six patients with stable diabetes, C-peptide responses after the main meals could be demonstrated and there was a significant correlation between the concentrations of C-peptide and glucose (r = 0.85, p less than 0.001). The other stable patients, having the same mean plasma glucose concentration and mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions, did not show any C-peptide response. It is concluded that persistent insulin secretion is not a prerequisite for metabolic stability. Severe lability, however, seems to occur only in the absence of residual insulin secretion. PMID- 7021290 TI - Functional and morphological renal manifestations in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7021292 TI - [Early dialysis in chronic uremia]. PMID- 7021293 TI - [Endocrine profiles in patients with chronic renal insufficiency under periodic hemodialytic treatment and after renal transplantation]. PMID- 7021294 TI - [Plasmapheresis in the treatment of immunological nephropathies]. PMID- 7021295 TI - [Therapy of uremic osteodystrophy]. PMID- 7021296 TI - [Hormonal influences on basal lipolysis in isolated adipocytes isolated from epididymal fat tissue in the rat]. PMID- 7021297 TI - [Dr. Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes and the beginnings of maternal-child care in Mexico]. PMID- 7021298 TI - Complications of gastrointestinal radiologic procedures: II. Complications related to biliary tract studies. PMID- 7021299 TI - Complications of gastrointestinal radiologic procedures: III. Complications of diagnostic and interventional angiography. PMID- 7021300 TI - Immunological studies on the drug-induced allergic hepatitis. AB - The possible involvement of cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of drug induced allergic hepatitis was investigated in 21 patients; 6 patients with cholestasis, two cases with the hepatitis resembling viral hepatitis and 13 cholestatic hepatitis. The peripheral blood lymphocytes from all these patients showed the positive lymphocyte transformation and MIF production when stimulated by the offending drug in the presence of liver specific lipoprotein. By injection of the culture medium prepared from activated lymphocytes into mesenteric vein of rat, a marked reduction of bile flow and bile acid secretion was observed in 12 cases among 17 patients tested. Active material which caused the reduction of bile flow was fractionated by a gel filtration and was identified to have similar molecular size to MIF. Morphologically, a dilated bile canaliculus with diminution of microvilli and vesicles around the dilated bile canaliculus were observed by an electron microscopy after injection of culture supernatant or their fractionated material into mesenteric vein of rat. No such changes could be seen in rats by administering the supernatant of lymphocytes from normal individuals prepared as above. Macrophage activating factor (MAF), a kind of lymphokines, was also detected in the culture medium of activated lymphocytes from seven patients among eight cases tested. The MAF-activated macrophages were shown to exhibit a cytotoxic effect on the separated liver cells by judging from the inhibition of albumin biosynthesis. Moreover, the antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxic reaction as well as lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity were also demonstrated in three cases among nine patients tested. These observations suggest that diverse immune reactions were possible correlated to the pathogenesis of the drug-induced allergic hepatitis although their exact participation or relative significances are remained to be elucidated. PMID- 7021301 TI - Partial purification of the cholestatic factor derived from the lymphocytes of tuberculin-sensitized guinea pigs. AB - When lymph node lymphocytes from the tuberculin-sensitized guinea pigs were stimulated in vitro with PPD (purified protein derivatives) and the culture fluid was injected into the mesenteric vein of rats, a marked reduction of bile flow was observed. These culture supernatants contained cholestatic activity were fractionated by gel filtration using a Sephadex G-75 column followed by DEAE cellulose column chromatography. Both the cholestatic activity and the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) activity were detected predominantly in the fourth fraction of gel filtration. By further fractionation using a DEAE cellulose column chromatography, the cholestatic activity was separated into two fractions; one of them was shown to have both cholestatic activity and MIF activity, but the other did not have any detectable MIF activity. These results suggest that the cholestatic factor may be different at least partially from the MIF. PMID- 7021302 TI - Solitary ulcer of the rectum: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A 13-year-old girl with Prader-Willi syndrome was admitted to our hospital with an 18-month history of anal bleeding and mucus discharge on defecation. Physical examination revealed obesity, hypogonadism, hypotonia and hypomentia. On digital examination, a nodular mass was palpated on the right wall of the ampulla recti, which was suspected to be carcinoma on a barium enema study. Proctoscopic examination revealed a large, irregular ulceration with white slough at the base, surrounded by the nodular and lumpy mucosa. The lesion was excised by the abdomino-anal pull-through method. The resected specimen showed a lesion of large, shallow, irregular ulcer, 5.0 x 2.2 cm in size. Microscopic examination revealed obliterated lamina propria by fibroblasts and muscle fibers derived from the muscularis mucosae, and misplaced cystic dilated glands in the submucosa at the margin of the ulcer. The gross and microscopic appearances are identical to those of "solitary ulcer of the rectum" described by Madigan and others, and similar to those of "colitis cystica profunda" described by Goodall and others. According to these findings, this lesion was diagnosed as solitary ulcer of the rectum. In the present report, the relationship between solitary ulcer of the rectum and colitis cystica profunda was discussed. PMID- 7021303 TI - The relative importance of HCO3- and blood flow in the protection of rat gastric mucosa during shock. AB - Recent research has shown adequate mucosal blood flow and blood bicarbonate availability to be crucial in the prevention of gastric ulceration, yet the relative importance of these two factors is unknown. We studied the incidence of ulceration in rats subjected to hypovolemic shock under varying conditions of blood flow and acid-base balance. At the start of the experiment 2 ml of 0.1 M HCl were instilled into the stomach. In the control series, severe systemic acidosis had developed after 2 h of shock (B.P. 40 mmHg) and 6 of 6 stomachs ulcerated. Mucosal blood flow, measured with radioactive microspheres, had drastically decreased. Prostacyclin dissolved in 0.01 M phosphate improved gastric blood flow but did not help to correct acidosis, and 6 of 8 stomachs ulcerated. A higher degree of protection was observed when the prostaglandin was dissolved in 0.16 M HCO3-. Intraarterial infusion of high concentrations of bicarbonate completely eliminated acidosis with ulceration occurring in 1 of 6 rats infused with 0.5 M and in 1 of 10 with 1 M bicarbonate. Blocking the carbonic anhydrase with acetazolamide (100 mg/kg) completely prevented the protective effect of a 1 M HCO3- infusion, and 6 out of 8 stomachs ulcerated. Substituting TRIS buffer for bicarbonate in the infusion also eliminated acidosis, but neither concentrations of 1 M or 5 M buffers prevented the stomachs from ulceration (6 out of 6 with 1 M buffer and 5 of 6 with 5 M buffer). We conclude that bicarbonate is the essential factor in prevention of ulceration in our shock model and that blood flow is also important as one component of a bicarbonate-dependent protection system involving carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 7021304 TI - Steroid-induced pancreatitis: does it really exist? PMID- 7021305 TI - [The results of 5 years of ancillary chemotherapy of carcinoma of the breast (author's transl)]. AB - 484 women were operated between July 1, 1975 and December 31, 1978 for carcinoma of the breast. At least 18 months of follow-up was available until July 1, 1980. 273 patients were observed. 151 women had ancillary chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, vinblastinsulphate and fluoro-uracil for six cycles. In an additional 60 patients chemotherapy was interrupted for post operative radiotherapy after three cycles. The premenopausal patients were most helped by ancillary chemotherapy. This was not explained by more frequent mistakes in the treatment of post-menopausal patients. The post-operative radiotherapy did not bring a discernible additional advantage to ancillary chemotherapy. The best results were obtained in women who had no regional metastases in the lymph nodes independent on the size of the primary tumour. PMID- 7021306 TI - The effect of bovine insulin on [14C]glucose and [3H]leucine incorporation in fed and fasted rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). PMID- 7021307 TI - Temperature-sensitive mutants blocked in the folding or subunit assembly of the bacteriophage P22 tail-spike protein. I. Fine-structure mapping. AB - As part of a study of protein folding, we have constructed a fine-structure map of 9 existing and 29 newly isolated UV- and hydroxylamine-induced temperature sensitive (ts) mutations in gene 9 of Salmonella bacteriophage P22. Gene 9 specifies the polypeptide chain of the multimeric tail spikes, six of which form the cell attachment organelle of the phage. The 38 ts mutants were mapped against deletion lysogens with endpoints in gene 9. They mapped in 10 of the 15 deletion intervals. Two- and three-factor crosses between mutants within each interval indicated that at least 31 ts sites are represented among the 38 mutants. To determine the distribution of ts sites within the physical map, we identified the protein fragments from infection of su- hosts with 10 gene 9 amber mutants. Their molecular weights, ranging from 13,900 to 55,000 daltons, were combined with the genetic data to yield a composite map of gene 9. The 31 ts sites were distributed through most of the gene, but were most densely clustered in the central third.- None of the ts mutant pairs tested exhibited intragenic complementation. Studies of the defective phenotypes of the ts mutants (Goldenberg and King 1981; Smith and King 1981) revealed that most do not affect the thermostability of the mature protein, but instead prevent the folding or subunit assembly of the mutant chains synthesized at restrictive temperature. Thus, many of these ts mutations identify sites in the polypeptide chain that are critical for the folding or maturation of the tail-spike protein. PMID- 7021308 TI - Mutants affected in alkaline phosphatase, expression: evidence for multiple positive regulators of the phosphate regulon in Escherichia coli. AB - The expression of alkaline phosphatase (the product of the phoA gene) in Escherichia coli is believed to be subject to both positive control by the phoB gene product and negative control by the phoR gene product. We have isolated a large number of PhoA- mutants in the phoR- genetic background. Among mutants altered in the positive control of alkaline phosphatase, some were phoB mutants; others had a mutation in a new gene, designated phoM. We believe that the phoM gene codes for a positive regulator that acts together with the phoB gene product in phoA gene expressions.--The phoM phenotype was found to be masked in phoR+ strains. This and other evidence support a positive regulatory role for the phoR gene product as well.--Our experiments demonstrate that phoA is under positive control by three different positive regulators: the product of the phoB, phoM and phoR genes. The phoB gene product is always needed together with either the phoR or phoM gene product. In addition, the phoR gene product acts as a negative regulator.--We describe a model for phoA gene expression consistent with this new evidence. PMID- 7021309 TI - Test for selection on polymorphic isozyme genes using the population cage method. AB - Published experimental data of several species of Drosophila using the population cage method were reexamined. The authors of these works have claimed that selection operates on polymorphic isozyme genes. Since selection coefficients (s) estimated by us for the above data, assuming overdominance, or for some cases, additivity between alleles, were too large (s greater than 0.1), we conclude that these experimental results do not reflect the effects of the single loci in question; rather, we suggest that careful experimentation and judgment are required for testing with the population cage method whether or not selection actually operates on single genes. PMID- 7021310 TI - Small-sized mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The isolation of mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that divide at approximately half the size of the wild type is described. Three mutants have been isolated in which the small size at bud initiation is due to a mutation in a single nuclear gene. PMID- 7021311 TI - Isolation of SPO12-1 and SPO13-1 from a natural variant of yeast that undergoes a single meiotic division. AB - ATCC4117 is a strain of S. cerevisiae that undergoes a single nuclear division during sporulation to produce asci containing two diploid ascopores (Grewal and Miller 1972). All clones derived from these spores are sporulation-capable and, like the parental strain, form two-spored asci. In this paper, we describe the genetic analysis of ATCC4117. In tetraploid hybrids of vegetative cells of the ATCC4117 diploid and a/a or alpha/alpha diploids, the production of two-spored asci is recessive. From these tetraploids, we have isolated two recessive alleles, designated spo12-1 and spo13-1, each of which alone results in the production of asci with two diploid or near-diploid spores. These alleles are unlinked and segregate as single nuclear genes. spo12-1 is approximately 22 cM from its centromere; spo13-1 has been localized to within 1 cM of arg4 on chromosome VIII. This analysis also revealed that ATCC4117 carries a diploidization gene allelic to or closely linked to HO, modifiers that reduce the number of haploid spores per ascus and alleles affecting the total level of sporulation. PMID- 7021312 TI - Recombination and chromosome segregation during the single division meiosis in SPO12-1 and SPO13-1 diploids. AB - This paper reports a study of chromosome segregation and recombination during sporulation of spo12-1 and spo13-1 diploid strains of S. cerevisiae. These strains undergo a single division to form asci containing two diploid or near diploid spores. The segregation of centromere-linked markers in the two-spored (dyad) products indicates that the division is generally equational. However, in a small percentage of the spo12-1 and spo13-1 cells, it appears that a meiosis I like division occurs. Aberrant segregation of the MAT locus on chromosome III, yielding a monosomic and a trisomic spores pair, occurs in 12% of all dyads. The segregation patterns of markers at various distances from their centromeres and several pairs of markers on the same chromosome indicate that recombination takes place in both strains at nearly standard meiotic levels. PMID- 7021313 TI - Association of disomic chromosome loss with EMS-induced conversion in yeast. AB - Experimental tests with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae of a previously proposed model suggesting a causal relationship between disomic chromosome loss (n + 1 leads to n) and centromere-adjacent mitotic gene conversion were performed. Disomic haploid cells heteroallelic at two loci on the left arm of chromosome III were exposed to ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) under nonlethal conditions; EMS-induced prototrophic gene convertants were selected and tested for coincident chromosome loss. The principal results are: (1) The frequency of chromosome loss among EMS-induced gene convertants selected to arise near the centromere is markedly enhanced over basal levels and remains constant, independent of EMS exposure. There is little such enhancement among EMS-induced convertants selected to arise far from the centromere. (2) Chromosome loss is almost completely associated with induced conversion of the centromere-proximal allele at the centromere-adjacent heteroallelic locus. This result is identical to (and confirms) results found previously for spontaneous loss-associated conversion. (3) The conversion polarity at the centromere-adjacent locus among unselected (nonloss-associated) induced or spontaneous mitotic convertants is identical to that among meiotic convertants and markedly favors the contromere distal allele. These findings are wholly consistent with, and strengthen, the hypothesis that structural involvement of centromeric regions in nearby recombinational events may interfere with proper segregational function and lead to mitotic chromosome loss. PMID- 7021314 TI - Genetic changes in fluctuating vole populations: selective vs. nonselective forces. AB - The Lewontin-Krakauer test for selective neutrality of polymorphisms was applied to temporal variation in gene frequency at five electrophoretic loci in each of four fluctuating vole populations over a three-year period. The results indicate that changes in gene frequencies were primarily due to nonselective forces. PMID- 7021315 TI - Genetic factors affecting recovery of nonpoint mutations in the region of a gene coding for ornithine transcarbamylase: involvement of both the F factor in its chromosomal state and the recA gene. AB - Mutants of E. coli K12 that overproduce ornithine transcarbamylase can be identified in Car- strains because they permit utilization of citrulline as a carbamyl phosphate source, due to reversal of the normal OTCase reaction; they are called Cut mutants (citrulline utilizers). Hfr strains that carry the F factor adjacent to argF (one of two duplicate genes that code for ornithine transcarbamylase in E. coli K12) yield more Cut mutants than do F+ or F- strains, or Hfr strains in which the F factor is not adjacent to argF. When Hfr strains in which the F factor is integrated adjacent to argF are made recA, they yield few Cut mutants. Many of the Cut mutants recovered from one of the Hfr strains used in the investigation (Hfr P4X) are unstable; the properties of these unstable mutations suggest that they carry aberrations in the region of the argF gene. Thus, the increased yields of Cut mutants probably result from aberrations that occur when the F factor is integrated adjacent to argF. The nature of these aberrations is not yet known. The unstable Cut mutants are to a large extent stabilized by recA; such stabilization is one of the properties of duplications. Other data indicate that the aberrations may be more complex than simple gene duplications; in particular properties of segregants and some recombinants derived from unstable Cut mutants are most easily interpreted by assuming that segregation from, and possibly formation of, the unstable mutants occurs in several stages. PMID- 7021316 TI - Selective neutrality of 6PGD allozymes in E. coli and the effects of genetic background. AB - We have used gluconate-limited chemostats to study selective differences between isogenic strains of Escherichia coli K12 into which four naturally occurring alleles coding for allozymes of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) had been transferred. The limit of detectability of selection with our procedures is a selection coefficient of 0.5%. In the normal E. coli K12 genetic background, all alleles are selectively neutral or nearly neutral. The absence of detectable selection does, however, depend on genetic background and on such environmental factors as cell density. In a genetic background containing a mutation that cuts off the alternative metabolic route for 6-phosphogluconate, selection between allozymes can be detected, and the selection is in the direction expected from the measured apparent Km values of the allozymes. Even when the alternative metabolic route is not blocked by mutation, one of the 6PGD allozymes has a detrimental, but density-dependent, interaction with a mutation conferring resistance to bacteriophage T5. In all cases, the observed selection is due to the allozymes themselves (or to associated regulatory elements), as the selection disappears when the chemostats are limited by a different carbon source (ribose plus succinate). Nevertheless, the four alleles do seem to be selectively neutral or nearly neutral in the normal E. coli K12 genetic background. Moreover, the distribution of allele frequencies in natural populations of E. coli is in accord with the expectations of selective neutrality. PMID- 7021317 TI - The origin of spontaneous mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Characterization of two antimutator loci in yeast shows that both are members of the same mutagenic repair system known to be responsible for almost all induced mutation (LAWRENCE and CHRISTENSEN 1976, 1979a,b; PRAKASH 1976). One of the these newly isolated antimutator mutations is an allele of rev3 (LEMONTT 1971b). Two other alleles of rev3 were tested and were also found to be antimutators. Double mutants carrying rev3 and mutator mutations of rad3, rad51 or rad18 are like rev3 single mutants with respect to spontaneous mutation rate, supporting the hypothesis (HASTINGS, QUAH and VON BORSTEL, 1976) that many mutators in yeast act by channelling spontaneous lesions from accurate to mutagenic repair. However, the enhanced mutation rate seen in a radiation-resistant mutator mutant mut1 is not dependent on REV3, but is dependent on another gene designated ANT1. An additive effect on the reduction in spontaneous mutation, seen in the ant1 rev3 double-mutant strain, leads to the conclusion that at least 90% of spontaneous mutations seen in the wild type are caused by mutagenic repair of spontaneous lesions. PMID- 7021318 TI - The effects of three PSO genes on induced mutagenesis : a novel class of mutationally defective yeast. AB - Reverse and forward mutation, induced by photoaddition of 8-methoxypsoralen (8 MOP) and 3-carbethoxypsoralen (3-CPs) or ultraviolet light (UV), are reduced in three pso mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The pso1-1 strain exhibits a lower frequency of spontaneous reversion (anti-mutator) and is almost entirely unaffected by the three agents in both the haploid and diploid states. The pso2-1 strain demonstrates very reduced frequencies of 8-MOP and 3-CPs plus 365 nm radiation-induced mutations in haploid and diploid cells. UV-induced mutation are slightly reduced, whereas survival is almost normal. The pso3-1 strain is mutable by 8-MOP and 3-CPs photoaddition only in the low-dose range. After UV treatment, survival of pso3-1 is nearly normal, whereas the frequencies of induced mutants are diminished as compared to the normal PSO+. An analogue of adenine, 6-N hydroxyaminopurine, is capable of inducing reversions in wild type, as well as in pso and rad6-1 mutant strains, indicating that this drug may act as a direct mutagen in yeast. The comparison of photoaddition of the bifunctional agent (8 MOP) to that of the monofunctional one (3-CPs) confirms that cross-links, as well as monoadditions, are mutagenic in S. cerevisiae. Repair, of the recombinational type, taking place in diploid cells or in haploid cells in G2 phase leads to higher survival, but appears to be error-free. PMID- 7021319 TI - Diploid spore formation and other meiotic effects of two cell-division-cycle mutations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The meiotic effects of two cell-division-cycle mutations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (cdc5 and cdc14) have been examined. These mutations were isolated by L.H. HARTWELL and his colleagues and characterized as defective in mitosis, causing a temperature-sensitive arrest in late nuclear division. When subjected to the restrictive temperature in meiosis, diploid cells homozygous for either of these mutations generally proceeded through premeiotic DNA synthesis and commitment to meiotic levels of recombination, but then arrested at a stage following spindle pole body (SPB) duplication and separation. The two SPBs lacked the interconnection by spindle microtubules typical of the complete meiosis I spindle. Challenge of these homozygotes by a semi-restrictive temperature often caused the production of asci containing two diploid spores. Genetic analysis of the viable pairs of spores revealed that each spore had become homozygous for centromere-linked markers significantly more frequently than for distal markers, indicating that the two spores each contained pairs of sister centromeres that had co-segregated in the reductional division of meiosis I. Ultrastructural analysis of the cdc5 homozygote demonstrated that these cells had completed meiosis I and formed two meiosis II spindles, but that the latter remained unusually short. This resulted in the encapsulation of both poles of each spindle within a single spore wall. These mutations therefore are defective in both meiotic divisions, as well as in the mitotic division described originally. PMID- 7021320 TI - IMP1/imp1: a gene involved in the nucleo-mitochondrial control of galactose fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - In some strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the induction of enzymes of the Leloir pathway, galactose fermentation and growth on galactose depend on mitochondrial function; mitochondrial dependence is elicited through the recessive allele imp1 of the nuclear gene IMP1. The genetic element IMP1 is not allelic to any of the known GAL genes; IMP1 strains can grow on and ferment galactose in respiratory-deficient (RD) condition or in the presence of the mitochondrial inhibitors ethidium bromide and erythromycin; whereas, imp1 strains can grow on and ferment galactose only in respiratory-sufficient (RS) condition. The imp1 elicited mitochondrial dependence apparently involves regulation of the synthesis of the galactose catabolizing enzymes and synthesis of the galactose specific permease. IMP1 is not the only genetic determinant that elicits an interaction of the mitochondrion and the expression of the Gal system; the GAL3 gene, whose role in galactose utilization is demonstrated by the long-term adaptation phenotype of gal3 rS mutants, gives rise to a noninducible phenotype in RD condition or in the presence of mitochondrial inhibitors. PMID- 7021322 TI - Reversion analysis of [psi-] mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7021321 TI - Protein degradation, meiosis and sporulation in proteinase-deficient mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - During the process of sporulation, a/alpha diploids degrade about 50% of their vegetative proteins. This degradation is not sporulation specific, for asporogenous diploids of a/a mating type degrade their vegetative proteins in a fashion similar to that of their a/alpha counterparts. Diploids lacking carboxypeptidase Y activity, prc1/prc1, show about 80% of wild-type levels of protein degradation, but are unimpaired in the production of normal asci. Diploids lacking proteinase B activity, prb1/prb1, show about 50% of wild-type levels of protein degradation. The effect on degradation of the proteinase B deficiency is epistatic to the degradation deficit attributable to the carboxypeptidase Y deficiency. The prb1 homozygotes undergo meiosis and produce spores, but the asci and, possibly, the spores are abnormal. Diploids homozygous for the pleiotropic pep4-3 mutation show only 30% of the wild-type levels of degradation when exposed to a sporulation regimen, and do not undergo meiosis or sporulation. Neither proteinase B nor carboxypeptidase Y is necessary for germination of spores. Approximately half of the colonies arising from a/a or alpha/alpha diploids exposed to the sporulation regimen that express an initially heterozygous drug-resistance marker (can1) appear to arise from mating-type switches followed by meiosis and sporulation. PMID- 7021323 TI - Inbreeding for isogeneity by backcrossing to a fixed parent in haploid and diploid eukaryotes. PMID- 7021324 TI - Construction and expression of hybrid plasmids containing the Escherichia coli glyA genes. AB - The Escherichia coli glyA gene, encoding serine transhydroxymethylase (STHM), has been cloned in the plasmid vector pACYC184. The recombinant plasmid (pGS1) contains a 13 kb EcoRI insert. Genetic and biochemical experiments indicate that the region controlling STHM synthesis is present on the insert. Strains bearing multi-copy plasmid vectors carrying the glyA gene overproduce the enzyme from 17- to 26-fold. The glyA gene was identified on the insert by analyzing a set of plasmids derived from pGS1 that carry random insertions of the transposable kanamycin resistance element Tn5. Cloning of segments of the original insert into the plasmid pBR322 established that a 2.5 kb SalI-BclI fragment carries the glyA gene. A physical map of this fragment is presented. PMID- 7021325 TI - The cloning and analysis of the aroD gene of E. coli K-12. AB - A 5.6-kb PstI fragment containing the structural gene (aroD) for 5-dehydroquinate hydrolyase (DHQase) of Escherichia coli K-12 has been cloned into recombinant plasmid pJKK12. The bacterial fragment contains two Bg/II, one HpaII, one SalI and one XhoI site, but no EcoRI, HindIII or BamHI sites. the DHQase activity extracted from strains harboring pJKK12 had properties identical to those of the enzyme isolated from wild-type E. coli. The native protein appears to be a dimer composed of two 31 500 dalton subunits. aroD6 strains transformed with pJKK12 had an 11-fold and 34-fold increase in activity compared to untransformed wild-type controls grown on L broth and minimal medium, respectively. No increase of dehydroquinase activity was found in polynucleotide phosphorylase deficient strains of E. coli. At least four constitutively expressed genes are encoded on the fragment. PMID- 7021326 TI - [Bacteriological study of the amniotic fluid during pregnancy and childbirth]. PMID- 7021327 TI - [Ectopic pregnancy. I. Review of diagnostic methods]. PMID- 7021328 TI - [Evaluation of Estrovis 4000 (Quinestrol) as a lactation inhibitor in puerperium]. PMID- 7021329 TI - [Surgical procedure and treatment results in profuse pulmonary hemorrhages]. PMID- 7021330 TI - [Current aspects of the angiocardiographic study of tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 7021331 TI - Mixed pancreatic apudoma with symptoms of excess vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and insulin: improvement of diarrhoea with metoclopramide. AB - A female patient is described with a single pancreatic tumour producing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), insulin, and pancreatic polypeptide. The initial presentation was with diarrhoea and hypokalaemia and a raised plasma VIP was demonstrated. Her symptoms improved with metoclopramide administration and absolute concentrations of 28 aminoacid (peak IV) VIP were found to have fallen. She then developed hypoglycaemia with hyperinsulinism. All symptoms resolved after surgical excision. This case emphasises the potential of these tumours to contain more than one endocrine cell type synthesising different biologically active peptides. PMID- 7021332 TI - Response of the intestinal mucosa to ischaemia. PMID- 7021333 TI - Changes in N-terminal glucagon-like immunoreactivity and insulin during short term gluten challenge in childhood coeliac disease. AB - Sixteen patients (aged 3.5-14.3 years) with normal jejunal mucosa, originally diagnosed as having coeliac disease at least 18 months before, were started on gluten challenge. The 'end point' of challenge was significant deterioration in jejunal mucosa morphologically and morphometrically. Studies carried out both before and after challenge included intestinal absorption of D-xylose and glucose, and release of insulin and N-terminal glucagon-like immunoreactivity (N GLI). After gluten challenge, there were significant increases in plasma N-GLI at both 45 (P less than 0.05) and 120 minutes (P less than 0.03) after oral glucose. Significant reduction occurred in glucose absorption at 45 minutes (P less than 0.04), in one-hour D-xylose absorption (P less than 0.01) and fasting serum cholesterol (P less than 0.01). Plasma N-GLI showed significant negative correlations with D-xylose absorption (P less than 0.003) and serum cholesterol (P less than 0.004). PMID- 7021335 TI - Histocompatibility testing for clinical bone marrow transplantation and prospects for identification of donors other than HLA genotypically identical siblings. AB - Clinical histocompatibility testing has now developed to a stage where it is possible to select related bone marrow donors for some patients, when HLA genotypically identical siblings are not available. The most common type of such donors are the HLA phenotypically or HLA-D phenotypically identical related donors. The HLA-D homozygous recipient offers special options, since these patients can potentially receive bone marrow transplants from any of the parents or from HLA-haploidentical siblings. The studies in SCID have demonstrated that HLA-D compatibility in spite of HLA-A or B incompatibilities can be tolerated and there is now accumulating evidence that even patients with aplastic anemia or acute leukemia can be successfully treated with such bone marrow grafts. PMID- 7021336 TI - Cooperation between thymus and transplanted precursor cells during reconstitution of immunodeficiencies with bone marrow or fetal liver cells. PMID- 7021337 TI - Restitution potentials of allogeneically or xenogeneically grafted lymphocyte free hemopoietic stem cells. PMID- 7021338 TI - Influence of the recipient thymus on the maturation of T-lymphocytes in H-2 different radiation chimeras. AB - Graft-versus-host reactions in mice can be suppressed by incubation of the donor cells with T-cell-specific antibodies prior to transplanting them into lethally irradiated recipients. Since reconstitution of the immune functions in these recipients requires the formation of a new T-lymphocyte population, we investigated whether H-2 differences between recipient thymus and donor stem cells as well as an age dependent thymic involution impaired the maturation of immunocompetent T-lymphocytes. For this purpose the immune response of different chimeric mice against SRBC and third party skin grafts as well as the repopulation of the lymphatic organs with T-lymphocytes was evaluated. Chimeras of the type CBL leads to CBL/CBA and CBL/CBA leads to CBA were used for the experiments. In addition chimeras which had been thymectomized, transplanted with the thymus of one parent strain, lethally irradiated and transfused with bone marrow from other parent strain were analyzed. In all chimeric combinations, even in the case of complete H-2 difference between donor cells and recipient thymus, a normal or almost normal reconstitution of the immune response against SRBC and incompatible skin grafts were detected. Furthermore age-involuted thymi returned to normal morphologically and functionally after bone marrow transplantation. The repopulation of the lymphatic organs in the investigated chimeric mice was remarkably similar to normal controls. This indicates that hemopoietic stem cells and/or lymphopoietic progenitors may differentiate in a thymus in spite of H-2 differences to functional T-lymphocytes able to respond against SRBC and incompatible skin grafts. PMID- 7021334 TI - Pregnancy and liver disease. PMID- 7021339 TI - Stromal mechanisms of bone marrow: cloning in vitro and retransplantation in vivo. PMID- 7021340 TI - Bone marrow transplantation into recipients sensitized against donor-type T cells. AB - Immunization of prospective bone marrow recipients with thymocytes of the marrow donor strain prevented subsequent hemopoietic engraftment of the marrow. Immunization with thymocytes of a third party strain sharing the marrow donor's theta alloantigen but not his histocompatibility antigens permitted chimaerism and suppressed GVH in mice. Bone marrow of rat strains of the Th-1.1 group did not take in mice sensitized against mouse Th-1.1 thymocytes. This observation lead to the conclusion that hemopoietic stem cells of rats but not of mice express an early thymic and even prethymic antigen. This antigen is not restricted to the Th-1.1 specificity: rabbit anti-rat thymocyte globulin absorbed in a way which removed stem cell toxicity from a rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte globulin prevented hemopoietic engraftment when incubated with rat bone marrow before transfer to irradiated mice. Serologically this antiserum reacted with thymocytes as well as lymphocytes in the rat bone marrow but less with lymph node cells. An antiserum against rat lymph node cells was rendered T cell specific by absorption. It defined a postthymic T antigen lacking on stem cells, bone marrow lymphocytes and thymus. It labeled lymphocytes in the interfollicular T dependent area of lymph nodes by an immunohistochemical method. T cells in rats were thus found to express a prethymic and/or a postthymic antigen. Implications of theta alloantigens for the suppression of GVH in polytransfused bone marrow grafted patients are discussed. PMID- 7021341 TI - Prevention of graft versus host reactions and conditioning of recipients for bone marrow transplantation in chickens. PMID- 7021342 TI - Use of cyclosporin A (CsA) in a rat model of allogeneic marrow transplantation. PMID- 7021343 TI - Cyclosporin A in human bone marrow grafts. PMID- 7021344 TI - Immunological studies in patients submitted to autologous bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7021345 TI - Autologous bone marrow transplantation. The influence of prolonged cytotoxic chemotherapy. PMID- 7021346 TI - Requirements for the successful application of autologous bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of selected malignancies. PMID- 7021347 TI - The concept of antileukemic, autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 7021348 TI - Autologous bone marrow transplantation in relapsed adult acute leukemia. AB - From March, 1976 to February, 1979, 28 cases of adult acute leukemia of which 24 were evaluable were treated in irreversible relapse with high dose chemotherapy (piperazinedione) and supra-lethal total body irradiation (TBI) in conjunction with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). The marrow cells grafted were collected and stored in liquid nitrogen at the time of remission. In 12 patients the marrow cells were fractionated using discontinuous albumin gradients in an attempt to separate normal cells from residual leukemic cells. Twelve patients achieved complete remission (CR); in 9 additional patients signs of engraftment were evident but death occurred before achievement of CR. Seven of 12 AML patients, which were treated with bone marrow transplantation as first treatment of their relapse, achieved CR. Four of 5 patients with ALL, whose bone marrows were collected during first remission, reached CR. The median CR duration was 4+ months and the median survival of the patients reaching CR was 6+ months. Autologous bone marrow transplantation offers a good chance of CR (66%) when marrow is collected during first remission and used as first treatment for AML in third relapse and ALL in second relapse. PMID- 7021349 TI - Graft-versus-leukemia: allosensitization of MHC compatible donors induces antileukemic reactivity without amplification of antihost reactivity. PMID- 7021350 TI - Mechanisms of transplantation tolerance to allogeneic bone marrow cells following total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). PMID- 7021351 TI - Combined immunosuppression using cyclophosphamide plus total lymphoid irradiation in preparation for allogeneic marrow transplantation in humans. PMID- 7021352 TI - Bone marrow grafting in aplastic anemia after conditioning with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation with lung shielding. PMID- 7021353 TI - Role of total body irradiation in conditioning for bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7021354 TI - Recent results in marrow transplantation for the treatment of aplastic anemia and acute leukemia in Seattle. PMID- 7021355 TI - Marrow transplantation in acute leukemia following busulfan and cyclophosphamide. PMID- 7021356 TI - Colony forming units in culture in childhood aplastic anemia. AB - The results of the determination of the numbers of colony forming units in culture of the bone marrow of 17 children with aplastic anaemia before and after bone marrow transplantation, of 4 children with antilymphocyte globulin and of 16 children treated conventionally are presented. In the aplastic phase the number of C.F.U.-C. was very low to zero. After successful transplantation the number of bone marrow C.F.U.-C. rose but did not become normal. After antilymphocyte globulin and conventional therapy the number of bone marrow C.F.U.-C. remained low, even when a restoration of the haematological values in the peripheral blood took place. PMID- 7021357 TI - Split chimerism in three patients suffering from severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). PMID- 7021358 TI - Transplantation of lymphoid cells in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). AB - The effects of bone marrow or fetal lymphoid organ transplants in 15 patients with severe combined immunodeficiency disease are reported. The benefits and dangers inherent to the various transplantation strategies are discussed. Our studies indicate that, even in the group of patients with B cells, bone marrow transplantation may be the best procedure to obtain the reconstitution of cellular and humoral functions. PMID- 7021359 TI - Y-chromatin: method to study a take or rejection after bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7021360 TI - Marrow graft studies in dogs. PMID- 7021361 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in DLA-haploidentical canine littermates: fractionated total body irradiation (FTBI) and in vitro treatment of the marrow graft with anti-T-cell globulin (ATCG). PMID- 7021362 TI - Immunobiology of minor histocompatibility antigens in the lethal graft-versus host-reaction induced in adult mice. PMID- 7021363 TI - The role of MHC gene products in the development of the T-cell repertoire. PMID- 7021364 TI - [Drugs excreted in milk--how do they effect the breast-fed infant?]. PMID- 7021365 TI - [Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal sepsis in childhood]. AB - One of two children admitted with septicemia due to group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus died following a very fulminant course. This organism may cause overwhelming disease in newborn infants, as well as in children with diseases which compromise the immune system. Group A streptococcus, though very sensitive to penicillin, can cause severe and rapidly progressive illness even in previously normal children, unless recognized and treated promptly. PMID- 7021366 TI - [Epidemiology of status dysraphicus in selected regions of southern Poland]. PMID- 7021367 TI - [Effect of lumbar sympathectomy on the sexuality of patients with ischemia of the lower limbs]. PMID- 7021368 TI - [Bombesin effects on the lateral hypothalamic and gastric acid secretory system in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - Gastrosecretory effects of intravenous administration, and microinjection and electro-osmotic application into the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) were investigated in the case of bombesin, alone and concomitant administration with insulin or 2 deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG). Bombesin, a tetradecapeptide found in the brain and gastrointestinal tract of mammals, is a potent gastrin releasing factor. At doses below the threshold of gastric secretion, bombesin produced a decrease in latency and an increase in the amount of insulin-induced gastric acid secretion. In the LHA, microinjections and electro-osmotic applications had similar effects but did not affect secretion when given alone, yet reduced the latency and increased the amount of insulin-induced acid secretion. LHA neuronal activity was also unaffected by electro-osmotic application of bombesin alone, but this compound enhanced the excitatory effects of both insulin and/or 2-DG. Thus, the gastric secretory effects of bombesin appear to be local. This peptide modulates LHA gastrosecretory mechanism but it is ineffective when administered alone.U PMID- 7021369 TI - Use of permeabilized yeast cells as a system of enzyme immobilization. Its use for the preparation of mannose 6-phosphate. AB - It was shown that hexokinase contained inside permeabilized yeast cells can be used successfully in the phosphorylation of mannose for the production of mannose 6-phosphate. We propose that enzymes entrapped within the semipermeable cell membrane be considered as an extension of the enzyme immobilization concept, since it shares many of its advantages and several of its properties with some unique characteristics. PMID- 7021370 TI - A simple procedure to obtain yeast hexokinase free of glucosephosphate isomerase and mannosephosphate isomerase. AB - A hexokinase preparation was obtained from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strain deficient in glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) and mannosephosphate isomerase (MPI) by precipitation with ammonium sulfate. The supernatant fraction corresponding to 40-60 % saturation showed the lowest content in GPI and MPI activity. The fraction was used without further purification in the determination of glucose, either free or in a mixture with fructose and mannose. The results were similar to those obtained with pure commercial hexokinase. PMID- 7021371 TI - Induction of extracellular proteases by egg-white in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Aspergillus nidulans when supplemented with egg-white protein (1 %) produced considerable amounts of proteases extracellularly. The order of the appearance of the proteolytic enzymes growth on untreated and heat-inactivated egg-white were studied. They showed pH optima of 5, 7.2 and 9 when assayed at 37 degrees C. It is proposed that one of the factors leading to higher cell mass of A. nidulans in the presence of egg-white is the availability of protease-catalyzed hydrolyzed products of egg-white. PMID- 7021372 TI - Comparative anatomy of platyrrhine mandibular cheek teeth dpm4, pm4, m1 with particular reference to those of Homunculus (Cebidae), and comments on platyrrhine origins. AB - Comparisons of a moderately worn pm4 in its jaw, and an isolated dpm4 of the Oligocene-Miocene Homunculus (the second tooth originally described as that of a marsupial), indicate cebid identity with affinities nearest Alouatta. Diagnoses of dpm4, pm4 and m1 of all known platyrrhines and comparisons with teeth of strepsirhines and tarsioids reveal that platyrrhines cannot be derived from any known non-platyrrine stock. Speculations on platyrrhine ancestry are reviewed. PMID- 7021373 TI - Obituary.. PMID- 7021374 TI - Mutagenicity of commercial p-phenylenediamine and of an oxidation mixture of p phenylenediamine and resorcinol in Salmonella typhimurium TA98. PMID- 7021375 TI - [Historical aspects from the past: the political fight against venereal diseases?]. PMID- 7021376 TI - [Computer-assisted ECG evaluation in polyclinic patients]. AB - Computer-aided reading of 12-lead scalar ECGs was performed in 2.883 out-patients with a tracing- and processing-system of IBM, Periphere Computer Systeme and Schwarzer using the Bonner analysis-program version 2. After analog-to-digital conversion and storage on a floppy disk the ECG data were transferred by telephone to an IBM-computer at Munich. It the same way the prints were received from there. The review by a cardiologist showed correct interpretation in 95%. The accuracy was calculated as follows: Sensitivity 96%, specificity 96%. The same program can now be used in an ECG-cart with a built in microprocessor, a so called stand-alone version. PMID- 7021377 TI - [Comparative study of different methods of gastrointestinal hemostasis]. PMID- 7021378 TI - Changes made in Medicare, Medicaid, PSRO programs. PMID- 7021379 TI - Caring for the mentally retarded under Medicaid. PMID- 7021380 TI - Medicare and medicaid in America's future: National Commission on Social Security. PMID- 7021381 TI - Why don't physicians like assignment? PMID- 7021382 TI - Home visits by FNS nurses. PMID- 7021383 TI - [Effects of prostaglandin I2 on lung vascular permeability after endotoxin in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021384 TI - Determination of 24-hour insulin infusion pattern by an artificial endocrine pancreas for intravenous insulin infusion with a miniature pump. AB - Intravenous insulin infusion with a glucose controlled insulin infusion system (GCIIS) is known to restore glucose homeostasis. A simpler approach to improve blood glucose regulation is preprogrammed intravenous insulin infusion with portable pumps without sensor-mediated feedback. We report a study designed to evaluate whether the preprogrammed insulin infusion pattern to be used in the miniature insulin infusion pump (MIIP) could be optimized by concomitant employment of the GCIIS for blood glucose control. Six juvenile-onset insulin dependent diabetics (mean age 31 yrs) were studied. Mean blood glucose (MBG) was 6.2 mmol/l +/- 0.5 (SD) during glucose controlled infusion and 5.3 +/- 0.6 during the combined MIIP + GCIIS-day. The insulin requirements calculated from the s.c. regimen (56 U +/- 10 SD) were identical to the GCIIS-measured (51 U +/- 14) and to the amounts delivered during the combined MIIP-GCIIS infusion day (54 U +/- 13). A mean surplus of 3 U was given by the GCIIS. Mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE) was 3.0 mmol/l during GCIIS-control, and 3.3 mmol/l during combined infusion. IN CONCLUSION: The GCIIS was found capable of calculating the 24-hour insulin dose in well-known, unstable diabetics; however, it did not improve the preprogrammed insulin infusion profile obtained by the MIIP. PMID- 7021385 TI - Adrenergic modulation of glucagon and insulin secretion in obese and lean humans. AB - The adrenergic modulation of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and glucagon (IRG) secretion was studied in 5 massively obese subjects hospitalized ion a metabolic ward. Epinephrine was infused alone or in combination with propranolol, a beta adrenergic blocking drug, or with phentolamine, an alpha adrenergic blocking drug. Epinephrine infusion produced a significant (p less than .02) rise in IRG levels which was blocked by addition of either phentolamine or propranolol. Pure alpha adrenergic stimulation with propranolol-epinephrine infusion inhibited IRG secretion (p less than .02). IRI levels decreased with propranolol-epinephrine infusion (p less than .02), increased with phentolamine-epinephrine infusion, and were not affected by infusion of epinephrine alone. Glucose concentrations rose with all 3 infusions but were less with phentolamine-epinephrine. A control group of 4 lean outpatients on a ad lib diet demonstrated a similar pattern but the changes of IRG secretion were smaller than in the obese subjects and were not statistically significant. We conclude that in obese humans IRI secretion is increased by beta adrenergic stimulation, is decreased by alpha adrenergic stimulation, and is unaffected by combined alpha and beta adrenergic stimulation. In contrast, IRG secretion is stimulated by combined alpha and beta adrenergic stimulation, is inhibited by pure alpha adrenergic stimulation, and is unaffected by pure beta adrenergic stimulation. PMID- 7021386 TI - Short term regulation of mouse pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by insulin. AB - Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity and its regulating factors were measured in diabetic mice in a starved or unstarved state. Both in starved and unstarved groups of normal mice, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity increased equally by insulin administration. On the other hand, in an unstarved group of diabetic mice, no change in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity was observed with the same treatment. With the starved group it increased within 10 minutes and recovered to the base value level in 30 minutes. As a result of studies on active form of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the liver and its regulating factors, it was found that no corresponding relation existed between the enzyme complex activity and its regulating factors. We found that unlike the normal mice, not only the previously known regulating mechanism but also other factors affected the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity in the diabetic mice. PMID- 7021387 TI - Significance of glucagon for insulin secretion and hepatic glycogenolysis during exercise in rats. AB - The significance of glucagon and of the sympatho-adrenal system for insulin secretion and hepatic glycogen depletion during exercise was studied. Male rats were either adrenodemedullated and chemically sympathectomized with 6 hydroxydopamine (SX) or sham-treated (C). During light ether anesthesia, cardiac blood for glucose analysis and a biopsy of the liver were obtained, and either antigen-stripped glucagon antibodies (A) or control gamma globulins (N) in saline were injected through the cardiac cannula. Subsequently, the rats swam in tepid water (33-34 degree C) for 100 minutes with a tail weight attached (2% of body weight). Then cardiac blood was drawn for analysis of glucose, insulin and glucagon, and a sample of the liver was collected. In both CA and CN rats, the blood glucose concentration tended to increase (p less than 0.1) during exercise, whereas hepatic glycogen depletion and the plasma insulin concentration were lower in CA rats compared to CN rats. In SX rats, the blood glucose concentration did not increase during exercise, and in SXA but not in SXN rats, the hepatic glucogen depletion was lower than in CN rats. The plasma insulin concentration was consistently higher in SX rats than in C rats, and was significantly decreased by glucagon antibodies in SX as well as in C rats. In conclusion, in exercising rats, glucagon enhances hepatic glycogen depletion. Furthermore, glucagon and the sympatho-adrenal system increase and decrease, respectively, the plasma insulin concentration. PMID- 7021388 TI - Effects of growth hormone on the oxidation of [1-14C]-pyruvate in adipose tissue of hypophysectomized rats. AB - The acute effects of growth hormone on the oxidation of [1-14C]-pyruvate to 14CO2 were studied in epididymal adipose tissue obtained from hypophysectomized rats. At concentrations ranging from 10 ng/ml to 1 microgram/ml, growth hormone increased the rate of pyruvate oxidation by 20-60%. A lag period of up to 30 min was required for the full effect of the hormone to develop. Addition of fructose to the incubation medium increased the rate of pyruvate oxidation in response to either growth hormone or insulin. The effects of 1 microgram/ml growth hormone were comparable in magnitude to those of 1 mU/ml insulin, and pyruvate oxidation in the presence of both agents was no greater than in the presence of either on its own. The enhancement of pyruvate oxidation by growth hormone, like that caused by insulin, probably results from activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Increased activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase was found in cell-free extracts of adipose tissue that had been exposed to either growth hormone or insulin. The response of tissue segments to growth hormone followed the same pattern as observed for other acute insulin-like effects of the hormones; it was transient and disappeared within 3 hours despite continued presence of the hormone. Previous exposure of the tissues to growth hormone made them refractory to the hormone upon reexposure. PMID- 7021389 TI - Cyproheptadine inhibits (pro)insulin biosynthesis and secretion of isolated human pancreatic islets. PMID- 7021390 TI - Effect of glucose and arginine on L-enkephalin secretion of the isolated perfused rat pancreas. PMID- 7021391 TI - Inhibitory effect of insulin on gluconeogenesis by isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7021393 TI - Relaxation therapy for somatoform disorders. PMID- 7021392 TI - Differences in insulin binding capacity in metabolically distinct skeletal muscle. PMID- 7021394 TI - Induction and suppression of polyclonal antibody responses by anti-Ig reagents and antigen-nonspecific helper factors: a comparison of the effects of anti-Fab, anti-IgM, and anti IgD on murine B cells. PMID- 7021395 TI - Alternative hypotheses of lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin expression, B lymphocyte activation and B lymphocyte differentiation. PMID- 7021396 TI - The use of anti-immunoglobulins to induce a signal for cell division in B lymphocytes via their membrane IgM and IgD. PMID- 7021397 TI - B lymphocyte biology studied with anti-Ig antibodies. PMID- 7021399 TI - Clinical day anxiety syndrome: help! PMID- 7021398 TI - Roles of surface-bound immunoglobulin molecules in regulating the replication and maturation to immunoglobulin secretion of B lymphocytes. PMID- 7021400 TI - The use of glycylhistidyllysine in culture systems. AB - Glycylhistidyllysine (GHL), a tripeptide isolated from plasma, has been shown to alter the growth rate of many cell types and organisms in culture systems. The tripeptide is optimally active at concentrations between 10 and 200 ng/ml. Some of the more interesting uses of GHL are highlighted in this paper. Present information suggests that GHL functions as a transporter of transition metals, in particular copper, to the cell surface for uptake into the cell. PMID- 7021401 TI - The specificity of nephritogenic antibodies: I. Evidence on anti-T-cell specificity in nephritogenic antibodies detected by cytotoxicity and MIF assays. AB - Heterologous antibodies directed to brushborder antigens of rat kidney tubules are nephritogenic in that an immediate immune complex glomerulopathy occurs after injection ot these antibodies into normal rats. Since previous observations suggested the presence of anti-T-cell specificity within these antibodies, we now compared the specificities of these antibodies with those of heterologous anti rat thymocyte antibodies, using immunofluorescence (IF), cytotoxicity and migration inhibition (MIF) assays. The results suggest that anti-brushborder anti serum contains anti-thymocyte specificities, while antithymocyte antiserum contains anti-brushborder specificity. These specificities could be removed selectively from both of the antisera by absorption with insoluble tissue extracts containing the appropriate antigens, i.e. thymocyte antigens or brushborder antigens respectively, indicating that two specificities are involved rather than only cross-reacting antibodies. Since it is unlikely for several other reasons that this feature is simply the result of an immunologic cross reaction due to antibodies raised by immunization with purified kidney tissue antigens, this dual specificity of anti-brushborder antibody might play a role in the pathogenesis of experimental glomerulopathy. PMID- 7021403 TI - The immune response of CBA mice to OSRA, a peripheral protein from the sheep erythrocyte membrane. AB - The capacity of a membrane protein from sheep erythrocytes (osmotic shock released antigen: OSRA) to elicit an immune response in CBA mice was investigated. While all OSRA preparations tested are antigenically identical en indistinguishable with respect to physicochemical characteristics, they are not equally efficient in stimulating immunocompetent lymphocytes for antibody production upon a primary immunization (immunogenic versus antigenic OSRA). Both antibody-forming and (T and B) memory cells are generated in mice primed with immunogenic OSRA. Evidence is presented that the failure of antigenic OSRA to induce a primary response to SRBC determinants is related to its inability to stimulate unprimed T-cells. OSRA appears to be a major antigenic determinant of the sheep erythrocyte membrane since it specifically inhibits up to 60% of an anti-SRBC response. PMID- 7021402 TI - M antigens of group A streptococci isolated by means of immunochromatography. Biochemical and serological properties. AB - M proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes types 1 and 12 were purified by immunochromatography on immobilized type-specific opsonizing antibodies. The M proteins were characterized serologically and biochemically. They absorb after immobilization opsonizing antibodies and only precipitate with homologous antisera in immunodiffusion. In SDS PAGE they show one main band, corresponding to mol. weights of 5 X 104 (type 1) and 5.4 X 104 (type 12), accompanied by faint lines, which form with the main band a precipitation line of identity in SDS crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Both M proteins aggregate blood platelets and clot fibrinogen. PMID- 7021404 TI - Transferable drug resistance in Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7021405 TI - Distinctive immunologic and ischemic injury of the glomerulus in the renal allograft. PMID- 7021406 TI - Prevalence of group B streptococci in obstetrical cases. PMID- 7021407 TI - Evaluation of two methods for the detection of the enzyme penicillinase. PMID- 7021408 TI - An improved technique for blood culture. PMID- 7021409 TI - Age determination of man-biting population of Culex pipiens fatigans with particular reference to transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti in Pondicherry. PMID- 7021410 TI - A controlled study of the effect of a domiciliary tuberculosis chemotherapy programme in a rural community in south India. PMID- 7021411 TI - Direct action of kallikrein and other proteases on the renin-angiotensin system. AB - Kallikrein is present in the renal tubule near the macula densa, and it has recently been shown to activate inactive renin in human plasma. We recently showed that kallikrein was a potent stimulus of renin release and increased renin secretion in a dose-dependent fashion. To study its effect on renal renin release, we superfused rat renal cortical slices with purified rat urinary kallikrein. Kallikrein-stimulated renin release was completely abolished by trasylol and by amiloride, but was not affected by soybean trypsin inhibitor. Indomethacin did not block kallikrein action, indicating that kallikrein's effect is not mediated via kinin generation and prostaglandins. Kallikrein-stimulated renin release was not blocked by propranolol, trasylol did not block isoproterenol, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP stimulated renin release, indicating that kallikrein may not play a role in the beta-adrenergic mechanism of renin release. There was no demonstrable acid-activatable or kallikrein activatable renin in the superfusate, suggesting that all of the renin release was in the active form. Cathepsin D and plasmin also stimulated renin release from kidney slices in pH 6.0 buffer, whereas trypsin and pepsin did not. Our results support the hypothesis that kallikrein may play a role in the secretion of renin by the kidney. Other proteases can also release renin from the kidney. PMID- 7021412 TI - Antihypertensive effect of orally administered glandular kallikrein in essential hypertension. Results of double blind study. AB - The antihypertensive effect of oral administration of pig pancreatic kallikrein was investigated in a double blind study of 20 patients with essential hypertension. Kallikrein treatment lowered the blood pressure (BP) significantly from 159.5/104.5 to 146.3/92.8 mm Hg in the supine and from 153/106.1 to 136.1/95.6 mm Hg in the standing position. Blood pressure remained unchanged in the placebo group. Urinary kallikrein, sodium excretion, and GFR increased with treatment, but these changes did not reach statistical significance, In the kallikrein-treated patients but not in the placebo group, urinary kallikrein was correlated both to GFR (r = 0.7, p less than 0.001) and sodium excretion (r = 0.5, p less than 0.01). The antihypertensive mechanism of kallikrein treatment remains unknown. It could be speculated that kallikrein may induce changes in local blood flow, mediated by kinin and prostaglandin release. PMID- 7021413 TI - Mechanism of acid-activation of renin: role of kallikrein in renin activation. AB - Dialysis of plasma in pH 3.3 and then pH 7.5 is a method commonly used to activate plasma inactive renin. Endogenous plasma kallikrein has been shown to participate in activation during neutral dialysis. The present studies demonstrate that plasma inactive renin is fully activated following dialysis to pH 3.3 at 10 degrees C. Activation by low pH is a reversible process when followed by titration to a pH greater than 4.0. The rate of reversal of acid activation increases with increasing pH and temperature, reaching a maximum at pH 7.0 ad 37 degrees C. the disappearance of activated renin is not due to its destruction, because dialysis back to pH 3.3 fully restores activation. A preparation of renin zymogen devoid of active renin also shows complete reversal of activation. The Km of acid-activated renin is the same as that of endogenous active renin. Acid-activated renin (untreated by protease) elutes with an apparently greater Stokes radius than non-acid-treated inactive renin on Sephadex G-100. Once reversal of acid activation occurs, renal or plasma kallikrein has no effect on renin. However, once kallikrein acts on acid-activated renin, activation is no longer reversible. These data can explain the mechanism of acid activation of renin and the contribution of plasma kallikrein to renin activation in vitro. At low pH, inactive renin appears to undergo a conformational change such that the active site is accessible. Acid may unfold the renin molecule, as suggested by an increase in Stokes radius following acid dialysis. Kallikrein may then cleave a small peptide that permanently maintains acid-activated renin in an active state. Thus, renin zymogen must be in an active conformation such as that induced by acid to be "acted upon" by kallikrein, suggesting that other factors, in addition to renal kallikrein, may be involved in renin activation in vivo. PMID- 7021414 TI - Detection and isolation of inactive, large molecular weight renin in human kidney and plasma. AB - Estimation of apparent molecular weight (mw) of inactive renin by gel filtration of human plasma was found to be inaccurate when "acid activation" or "cryoactivation" was used for detection; recoveries were only 5% to 20%. Trypsin activation produced greater recoveries, but the apparent elution volume of inactive renin varied with the concentration of trypsin used; the presence of trypsin inhibitors increased trypsin requirements to 100 to 200 micrograms/ml in the 60,000 dalton region, while low protein concentration in the 50,000 dalton region resulted in destruction of renin by as little as 10 microgram/ml trypsin. A composite trypsin-activated inactive renin peak corresponded to a mw of 56,000 +/- 1500 daltons (104% to 120% recovery), while active plasma renin was 48,000 +/ 2000 daltons. When this prorenin-like substance was isolated by affinity chromatography, it was found to be completely inactive. It was also nearly free of trypsin inhibitors, so that a single trypsin concentration correctly identified and confirmed the elution characteristics of inactive renin peak following gel filtration. The apparent mw of trypsin-activated inactive renin was slightly lower (52,000 daltons) than that of inactive renin. Human renal cortex was also found to contain a trypsin-activable form of renin. Like plasma inactive renin, it could be isolated by chromatography on Cibacron blue-agarose (Affi-Gel blue). It was found to be completely inactive following passage over a pepstatin affinity column. This inactive renal renin, as well as a similar substance in perfusate of normal human kidney, had a mw of 49,500 +/- 1000, while active renal renin was 39,500 +/- 500. Trypsin-activated inactive renal renin had a mw of 46,500 +/- 500; its pH optimum was identical with that of active renal renin, and it no longer bound to Cibacron blue-agarose. We conclude that both human plasma and kidney contain an inactive, prorenin-like substance that can be detected reliably by trypsin activation. There appear to be slight differences in the apparent mw of plasma renins and kidney renin, but the similarity of other characteristics suggests that the inactive, prorenin-like substances in renal cortex, renal perfusate, and plasma may be one and the same substance. PMID- 7021415 TI - Sequential renal hemodynamics in experimental benign and malignant hypertension. AB - To examine the sequential renal hemodynamic changes in experimental renovascular hypertension, the uninephrectomized dog was studied immediately after renal artery constriction, throughout chronic benign hypertension, and during malignant hypertension. Intrarenal resistance fell immediately after renal artery constriction, but rose above control within hours. Intrarenal infusion of teprotide resulted in vasodilatation during the first 3 days but failed to do so during the chronic phase of benign hypertension. During the transition from benign to malignant hypertension, angiotensin II-dependent renal vasoconstriction developed associated with natriuresis, plasma volume contraction and a vicious cycle of hyperreninemia and severe vascular damage. PMID- 7021416 TI - Localization, purification, and biological activity of a new aldosterone stimulating factor. AB - An aldosterone-stimulating factor (ASF) has been isolated from normal human urine and found to be a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 26,000 daltons. ASF stimulated aldosterone production both in vivo and in vitro. ASF was found to be different from other known aldosterone secretogogues by the use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The retention time of ASF was different (17.0 minutes) from ACTH (retention time, 28.4 minutes), beta-lipotropin (retention time, 20.5 minutes), and angiotensin II. Proteolytic enzyme digestion and purification of ASF by HPLC yielded a smaller molecule (retention time, 22.0 minutes) with a molecular weight of 4000 daltons. This smaller molecule also stimulated aldosterone production in vitro. This showed that the structural requirement for steroidogenesis may be residing in a smaller molecule. ASF failed to produce hypertension in adrenalectomized rats. By immunofluorescence (using fluorescein conjugated antibodies), ASF was found to be localized in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Data suggest that ASF, a new aldosterone-stimulating hormone that has not been described before, is secreted by the pituitary gland, and the adrenal gland appears to be the target organ for the biological activities. PMID- 7021417 TI - [Late maturation of human dental enamel: clinical consequences]. PMID- 7021418 TI - Unusual gas-forming infection with Escherichia coli. AB - Infections with non-clostridial gas-forming organisms are not often encountered in orthopaedic practice. We present here a case of gas-forming infection with Escherichia coli which occurred 10 months after internal fixation of a closed fracture of the femur in an 84-year-old diabetic woman who suffered from septic nephrolithiasis. The wound infection was considered to have arisen by spread from the organisms of the infected kidney. PMID- 7021419 TI - Successful reconstruction of traumatic extrusion of distal femoral shaft. AB - A case is described of traumatic loss of the distal quarter of the femoral shaft and its successful replacement with autogenous bone graft, with the surgical technique used. The cosmetic and functional results were gratifying. PMID- 7021420 TI - Effects of the composition of peritoneal dialysis fluid on chemiluminescence, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity in vitro. AB - Commercial fluid used for peritoneal lavage in peritonitis and in peritoneal dialysis suppressed the activity of peripheral blood leukocytes as measured by chemiluminescence, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing. Suppression was found to be due to the low pH and high osmolality of the fluid. The pH was adjusted to noninhibitory levels in vivo within 30 min, whereas osmolality changes were less rapid and remained at inhibitory levels for fluids of high dextrose concentration (4.25%). Chemiluminescence was the most sensitive assay for inhibitory effects of pH and osmolality, as well as for urea and heparin. The metabolic waste product urea at levels normally found in dialysate and heparin at concentrations routinely added to fluid inhibited only chemiluminescence, whereas creatinine and added insulin were not inhibitory. High fluid volume also resulted in a decrease in efficiency of bacterial killing. These results suggest some changes to be made in the treatment of peritonitis and in peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7021421 TI - Nonimmunoglobulin fraction of human milk inhibits bacterial adhesion (hemagglutination) and enterotoxin binding of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae. AB - Human milk and colostrum samples were divided into an immunoglobulin and a nonimmunoglobulin fraction by immunosorbent chromatography. The ability of these fractions to inhibit bacterial cell adhesion and enterotoxin receptor binding of Vibrio cholerae and various Escherichia coli isolates was then tested by in vitro assays. The strongest effect was generally seen with the nonimmunoglobulin fractions, which were shown to significantly inhibit E. coli cell adhesion (hemagglutination) mediated by CFA/I, CFA/II, or K88 fimbriae (but not type 1 pili) and V. cholerae hemagglutination, as well as the binding of cholera toxin and E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin to GM1 ganglioside. Also, the immunoglobulin fractions had significant inhibitory activity in some of these systems. The results are interpreted to suggest that human milk and colostrum may contain secreted structure analogs of the cell receptors for some bacterial adhesions and enterotoxins; this might contribute to the protective effect of milk against enteric infections. PMID- 7021422 TI - Inhibition of nonspecific tumoricidal activity by activated macrophages with antiserum against a soluble cytotoxic factor. AB - Mouse peritoneal macrophages activated for tumor cytotoxicity by any of several in vivo or in vitro treatments released a soluble cytotoxin into culture fluids only after exposure to small amounts of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. This cytotoxic factor was physicochemically similar to the cytotoxic factor (tumor necrosis factor) in sera of BCG-infected mice injected with lipopolysaccharide. A rabbit antiserum against partially purified serum cytotoxic factor also inhibited the activity of macrophage-derived cytotoxic factor. Of special interest was the observation that rabbit anti-cytotoxic factor inhibited the cytotoxic activity of macrophages both in the presence and in the absence of exogenously added lipopolysaccharide. Inhibition was not complete but was consistent in all experiments. Thus, cytotoxic factor was implicated as a possible effector molecule in the nonspecific tumoricidal activity of activated macrophages. PMID- 7021423 TI - Development of a radioimmunoassay for Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin: comparison with the suckling mouse bioassay. AB - Escherichia coli strains which produce heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) are usually identified by demonstrating the production of ST. At present, ST can be detected only by bioassay methods. Recently, we purified E. coli ST, which enabled us to develop a radioimmunoassay for ST. Radioiodination of ST was performed by the lactoperoxidase method, which resulted in a high specific activity and retained the biological activity of St. Anti-ST antisera were raised in goats by injecting the goats with pure ST coupled to bovine immunoglobin G. Antibody titers ranged from 1:8,000 to 1:40,000. Using these reagents, we examined assay conditions thoroughly and found that a 14- to 18-h incubation at 4 degrees C in sodium acetate buffer with an ionic strength of 120 mM (pH 6.2) gave maximal sensitivity and reproducibility. Free ST was separated from antibody-bound ST by dextran coated charcoal. This radioimmunoassay accurately and reproducibly measured ST in the range from 50 to 500 pg of ST per tube and could quantitate ST accurately in complex bacteriological media. This assay was specific for STa, measured human and porcine STa equally well, and did not cross-react with STb, with several other enterotoxins, or with various gastrointestinal peptides. Intact disulfide bridges in the ST molecule were required for immunoreactive activity. PMID- 7021424 TI - Host defenses in murine malaria: nonspecific resistance to Plasmodium berghei generated in response to Mycobacterium bovis infection or Corynebacterium parvum stimulation. AB - Infection with Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) or injection of killed Corynebacterium parvum protected some strain B6D2 F1 (C57BL/6xDBA/2) mice but did not protect strain ICR or A mice from lethal challenge with Plasmodium berghei strain NYU-2. B6D2 mice were not protected against challenges delivered immediately after intravenous injection of these materials, but rather protection developed by day 7 and persisted through at least day 84. Infections in protected mice progressed to about 10% parasitemia in parallel with infections initiated with the same inoculum in untreated controls. However, infections in most of the protected mice were cleared subsequently, whereas infections in untreated controls were uniformly fatal. A small number of treated mice developed protracted high-level erythrocytic infections, which led to markedly delayed death. BCG-infected mice which survived P. berghei infections had a factor in their sera which protected passively immunized recipients from P. berghei. BCG-infected mice passively immunized with protective serum controlled P. berghei infections better than normal mice given the same amount of the same serum and challenged with the same P. berghei inoculum. The capacity of BCG-infected B6D2 mice to resist P. berghei infection was not directly related to the pattern of growth of BCG, to the degree of splenomegaly, or to the level of activation of macrophages (measured as microbicidal capacity) caused by BCG infection. Therefore, I concluded that (i) BCG infection or injection of killed C. parvum altered the immunological potential of B6D2 mice in such a way as to allow the production of measurable levels of a protective humoral factor in response to infection with P. berghei; (ii) BCG infection caused the generation of a capacity which, when expressed in the presence of immune serum, provided an anti-P. berghei capacity which was superior to that provided by BCG infection alone or immune serum in the absence of BCG infection; and (iii) not all strains of mice could be protected from P. berghei by BCG or C. parvum injection. PMID- 7021425 TI - Role of neutrophil degranulation in streptococcal leukotoxicity. AB - Cinemicrography and electron microscopy suggested that leukotoxic Streptococcus pyogenes killed polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) by inducing intracytoplasmic rupture of the PMN granules. To further study the relationship between granule rupture and the mode of action of the streptococcal leukotoxin, PMN degranulation was experimentally altered. Exocytosis of PMN granule contents was blocked with 80 mM tetraethylammonium chloride, 2 mM dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate, or 2 mM magnesium ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetate in calcium-free medium. This treatment did not prevent the granules from firing into the cytoplasm of the PMN, nor did it significantly diminish leukotoxicity. Degranulating the PMN before exposure to the leukotoxic streptococci did partially block leukotoxicity if both the specific and the primary granules were released with either 5 microM calcium ionophore A23187 or 10% zymosan-activated serum plus 5 micrograms of cytochalasin B per ml. Leukotoxic streptococci stimulated intracytoplasmic rupture of granules, and this granule lysis contributed significantly to the ability of these streptococci to kill PMN. PMID- 7021426 TI - Streptolysin S activation by lipoteichoic acid. AB - Lipoteichoic acid from streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus both activated membrane-bound precursor streptolysin S and induced the formation of extracellular streptolysin S. Lipoteichoic acid could replace other substances, such as yeast ribonucleic acid core, that act as carriers for hemolysin but which are not components of the streptococcus or the host. Lipoteichoic acid may play a role as the physiological carrier of streptolysin S to host tissues. PMID- 7021427 TI - Endotoxin-induced serum factor kills malarial parasites in vitro. AB - We investigated the possibility that malarial parasites may be killed by nonspecific soluble mediators, such as those in tumor necrosis serum, that are obtained from mice given macrophage-activating agents like Corynebacterium parvum or Mycobacterium bovis BCG, followed by endotoxin. Such sera killed parasites in vitro after overnight incubation; killing was measured directly by using an in vivo infectivity assay. Parasite infectivity was not decreased by incubation in sera from mice given C. parvum or BCG alone (no endotoxin) or by incubation in sera from normal mice given endotoxin. Plasmodium yoelii, its lethal variant, and Plasmodium berghei were equally susceptible to inactivation. Sera obtained from mice given endotoxin during the course of infection with these parasites also contained parasite-killing factor. The activity of this factor appeared to be proportional to parasitemia in that it was higher in the sera from mice infected with the lethal parasites than in the sera from mice with infections which resolved either spontaneously or after vaccination. PMID- 7021428 TI - [Evolution of nursing unionism relative to professional associations]. PMID- 7021429 TI - Dose dependence of Trichinella spiralis-induced immunopotentiation. AB - Previous reports studying the immunological and histopathological sequelae following infection with Trichinella spiralis indicated that this nematode can affect the host's immune capability to heterologous antigens. The present investigation was aimed at determining the dose of T. spiralis larvae required for development of maximum delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) against heat killed bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 4 x 10(6) bacteria 28 days after oral intubation with 0, 50, 100, 200, 300 or 400 viable T. spiralis larvae. Groups were tested in vivo for DTH 28 days after administration of nonviable BCG by the footpad swelling assay. Prior infection with 200 nematode larvae resulted in 34 of 42 animals (81%) developing positive 24-hour DTH reactions. When these data were compared to those seen in the other experimental and control groups, the 200 larval dose appeared to effect maximal immunopotentiation in this system. PMID- 7021430 TI - Exponential model for a two-ligand, regulatory enzyme. Part 3: Performance tests of INDEXP computer programs for determination of model constants from initial velocity data. 2. Experimental data. AB - The exponential model for a regulatory enzyme describes the relationship between the initial velocity of the catalysed reaction and the concentration of two ligands. A program, entitled 'INDEXP' has been devised to analyse rate data in terms of the model (Kinderlerer et al., 1981) and, in this report, its performance is examined when presented with experimental initial velocity data taken from the literature. It is shown that the two-ligand exponential model can satisfactorily rationalise experimental data with five linked constants (Ainsworth and Gregory, 1978); as a result the influence of ligand concentrations on the catalysed reactions can be described in rather simple terms. PMID- 7021431 TI - Propiram and codeine in episiotomy pain. AB - To evaluate relative efficacy, safety, and time course of analgesia, propiram fumarate (50 and 100 mg), a new narcotic agonist-antagonist, was compared with codeine sulfate (60 mg) and placebo in a clinical trial with a single peroral dose, parallel, stratified, randomized, and double-blind design involving 80 hospitalized postpartum women with medium or severe episiotomy pain. Using verbal subjective reports as index of response, patients rated pain intensity and side effects at periodic interviews for 6 h. Relative efficacy findings based on peak effects and summed pain-intensity differences suggested dose-dependent analgesia with propiram and also that 60 mg codeine lay between 50 mg propiram and placebo. Moreover, after 50 or 100 mg propiram, 8 of 20 patients reported greater than 50% reduction of initial pain compared with 7 of 20 after 60 mg codeine and 2 of 20 after placebo. After each of the propiram doses, distinct analgesia began within 1/2 h and reached peak effect between 1 h (p less than 0.02) and 2 h (p less than 0.05). After f60 mg codeine, onset was slower and peak later (4 h, p less than 0.05). All three active drugs continued to act until the 5th or 6th h. Drowsiness was the only statistically significant side effect reported after propiram. These results suggest that single 50 or 100 mg doses of propiram were effective in episiotomy pain, induced stronger analgesia than 60 mg codeine, and took effect more rapidly. PMID- 7021432 TI - Digitalis therapy in renal failure with special regard to digitoxin. AB - When prescribing cardiac glycosides for patients with renal failure, one should consider the different pharmacokinetics of the two most important glycosides, digoxin and digitoxin. Whereas steady state plasma concentrations of digoxin are altered proportionally to renal clearance of creatinine, those of digitoxin remain the same throughout a wide range of renal impairment. The steady state level of both glycosides is partly determined by several clinical factors such as dose, body weight, height, age and serum potassium. However, it is thought that bioavailability, volume of distribution, biotransformation, and total body clearance have the greatest importance for the variability of the plasma glycoside concentrations in patients with normal and with impaired renal function. The bioavailability and biotransformation of digoxin do not vary between healthy subjects and patients with renal insufficiency. As the volume of distribution is smaller in patients with severe renal failure that in normal subjects, the loading dose has to be altered. With decreasing creatinine clearance the total body clearance as well as the renal clearance of digoxin is reduced. On the basis of this assumption maintenance dosage regiments must be adjusted. For digitoxin, the four above-mentioned pharmacokinetic parameters are not altered in patients with renal failure compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, investigations dealing with this problem have suggested an altered protein binding of digitoxin and its metabolites as a possible factor in avoiding accumulation of the drug. However, it is one of the aims of this article to show that a decreased urinary excretion of digitoxin and metabolites is compensated by an increased excretion via the feces. Loading dose and maintenance dose of digitoxin do not have to be adjusted in patients with renal failure. PMID- 7021433 TI - The effect of drugs with different mechanisms of action on the contraction of the human gallbladder. AB - The effects of drugs with different mechanisms of action on the human gallbladder smooth muscle are reviewed. Sincalide, the C-terminal octapeptide fragment of cholecystokinin, caused a clinically important contraction of the gallbladder during oral cholecystography in 72% of the patients. Within 8-12 min cystic duct visualization occurred in 44% and common bile duct visualization, in 17%. On the other hand, the standard concentration meal (200 ml cream) caused a more reliable gallbladder contraction in 30 min. One tablet of Baralgin, i.v. proxyphylline (300 mg), and i.v. glycopyrrolate (0.2 mg) had no relaxing effect on the contracted gallbladder during oral cholecystography. Similarly, i.v. metoclopramide (20 mg) and i.v. prostaglandin E2 (25, 50, and 75 micrograms) were ineffective, whereas 1 ampule of Baralgin and 1 ampule of Palerol i.v. caused a significant dilatation. Litalgin i.v. 1 ampule, i.v. papaverine (40 mg), and sublingual nitroglycerin (0.5 mg) had a slight relaxing effect on the smooth muscle of the gallbladder. In an acute attack of pain in a patient with gallstones, i.v. administered Baralgin and Palerol seem to be effective; i.v. Litalgin, i.v. papaverine, and sublingual nitroglycerin may be of value in milder biliary tract disorders, but the benefit of i.v. proxyphylline, i.v. glycopyrrolate, and oral Baralgin is questionable. Metoclopramide can be used as an antiemetic drug in patients with gallstones. PMID- 7021434 TI - Antitumor activity of intralesionally administered Nocardia opaca preparations in rat and mouse tumors: a comparison with BCG and Corynebacterium parvum. AB - Three Nocardia products: delipidated cells, lysozyme digest and Nocardia Water Soluble Mitogen (NW SM), have been assayed in regression experiments and compared with living BCG and killed C. parvum in rat and mouse fibrosarcomas transplanted intradermally. Intratumor injection of these Nocardia products induced regression in the BCG sensitive McFiFi2 (S) tumor. These substances were active at a dose of 1 mg, the lysozyme extract and NW SM also being active at 0.1 mg. Association with mineral or vegetable oil increased the efficiency of delipidated cells, and under these conditions, regression of tumors implanted contralaterally to treated tumors was also obtained. PMID- 7021435 TI - Cyclosporin A for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Cyclosporin A (CyA) was given to five patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day orally. No patient was able to take the drug for longer than seven weeks because of side effects including nephrotoxicity. Angio-oedema was noted in three patients and serum C1 esterase inhibitor levels were shown to be depressed in four out of five patients whilst taking CyA. Two patients did experience an improvement in their arthralgia but given the side effects induced we cannot, at present, recommend CyA for the treatment of SLE. PMID- 7021436 TI - Bedbugs: An old problem with a new dimension. PMID- 7021437 TI - Molecular defects of collagen metabolism in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. PMID- 7021438 TI - Dermatology and the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. PMID- 7021439 TI - The periodicals of dermatology: revised through 1981. PMID- 7021440 TI - Dermatology on Galveston Island at the turn of the century. PMID- 7021441 TI - Treatment for amblyopia with rotating gratings and subsequent occlusion: a controlled study. PMID- 7021442 TI - Mutagenesis by ionizing radiation in strains of Salmonella typhimurium used in the Ames test. PMID- 7021443 TI - Radiation-induced acute necrosis of the pancreatic islet and the diabetic syndrome in th golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). AB - Exposure of golden hamsters to 35 000 rad of X-rays induced acute and specific necrosis of the cells of thd isles of Longerham of the pancreas within 4 hours whereas no other tissue revealed any drastic changes which would lead to a critical illness until 36 hours. Animals began to show the characteristic signs of diabetes, that is, hyperglycaemia, hyperkaliemia, ketonemia, and acidosis at 12 hours and these continued until death, 56+/- 8 hours later. These were accompanied by the disappearance of beta-cell granules and a decrease of plasma insulin. Treatment of irradiated animals with injections of insulin resulted in a reduction in high blood glucose and the prolongation of survival time up to 5 days, which is comparable to this radiation-induced diabetic syndrome resulted from acute necrosis of the cell of the islets of Langerhans, a previously unreported lethal effect of radiation in golden hamsters. PMID- 7021444 TI - Hormonal regulation of mineral metabolism. PMID- 7021445 TI - Physiology of glucagon. AB - Recent evidence indicates that glucagon is important in the physiological regulation of hepatic glucose and ketone body metabolism. It is the major acute glucocounterregulatory hormone in man and is one of several hormones with actions antagonistic to those of insulin that can exacerbate the metabolic consequences of insulin deficiency. The secretion of glucagon is governed by both local (e.g., somatostatin) and systemic factors (e.g., substrates and catecholamines), the most important of which is the plasma glucose concentration. Plasma glucagon immunoreactivity is heterogeneous, and only a minor portion is biologically active-an important consideration in the interpretation of results based on radioimmunoassay data. The liver and kidney are primarily responsible for the catabolism of glucagon. Consequently, peripheral venous glucagon concentrations may not necessarily reflect concentrations of glucagon delivered to its target organ, the liver, via the portal vein. Liver and renal disease may increase circulating plasma glucagon concentrations and alter the composition of plasma glucagon immunoreactivity. A cell function is abnormal in human diabetes and is characterized by relative or absolute fasting hyperglucagonemia, excessive increases in plasma glucagon following meals, and lack of appropriate responses to changes in plasma glucose concentrations. The exact extend to which these abnormalities are the result of insulin deficiency and an intrinsic A cell defect remains to be determined. A cell dysfunction contributes to the fasting hyperglycemia and hyperketonemia in diabetes and probably also to postprandial hyperglycemia. Of all the hormones antagonistic to insulin, glucagon seems to be the most important in exacerbating the metabolic consequences of insulin deficiency. PMID- 7021446 TI - Lithium and motor activity of animals: effects and possible mechanism of action. AB - The effects of lithium on spontaneous activity, exploratory activity, hyperactivity and stereotypy induced by drugs, drug-induced hypoactivity and activity rhythms of animals are reviewed. Attention is given to the rationale for the studies and the relation of research on motor activity of animals to he therapeutic and prophylactic actions of lithium against manic-depressive illness. The most consistent effects of lithium on motor activity of animals are found on exploratory activity, hyperactivity and stereotypy induced by drugs that alter monoaminergic neurotransmission, and rhythmic activity driven by endogenous biological clocks. Suppressant effects of lithium on motor activity appear related to alterations in monoaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission, to actions of thyroid hormones and to alterations in postsynaptic depolarization. Potentiating effects of lithium on activity seem to be due to alterations in the sensitivity of monoamine receptors. Some suggestions are made concerning further studies of interest to investigate the mechanisms of action of lithium on motor activity. PMID- 7021447 TI - A double-blind multicentre trial comparing the efficacy and side-effects of mianserin and chlorimipramine in depressed in- and outpatients. AB - Mianserin (60 mg daily) was compared with chlorimipramine (150 mg daily) in the treatment of 145 depressed in- and outpatients in four centres. The trial was double-blind and fully randomized. Both drugs were effective antidepressants. No significant differences in efficacy could be demonstrated by means of the Hamilton rating scale for depression, the Beck self-rating scale or the clinical global impression, for both in- and outpatients. Hypotension, dry mouth and tremor increased significantly more in inpatients with chlorimipramine than with mianserin. At the end of treatment weight gain was increased significantly more in outpatients after treatment with mianserin. No differences could be demonstrated between the drugs for other side-effects. PMID- 7021448 TI - Multicentre study with viloxazine (Vivalan) in depressed patients. PMID- 7021449 TI - Trazodone in depression. AB - Dose comparison trials were undertaken with trazodone given once, twice and thrice daily. Therapeutic effects were the same but once daily dosage produced drowsiness whilst thrice daily dosage did not. In a double-blind comparison to imipramine, anti-depressant effects were similar, except at 6 weeks when imipramine was significantly better. There were no significant differences in relief of anxiety symptoms. PMID- 7021450 TI - Doxepin plasma levels and anxiolytic response. AB - A study of 23 patients (16 females, 7 males), diagnosed as suffering from anxiety, was carried out using a flexible dosage regimen of doxepin. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores were assessed on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 and plasma doxepin and desmethyl-doxepin concentrations were analysed from blood samples taken on days 7, 14 and 21 of the trial. No simple correlation between the Hamilton score at day 21 and plasma doxepin concentration (rs = -0.099 p greater than 0.05; n = 19) or plasma desmethyldoxepin concentration (rs = 0.339; p greater than 0.05; n = 19) was obtained. The sum of doxepin and desmethyldoxepin concentrations was not correlated with Hamilton score at day 21 (rs = 0.276; p greater than 0.05; n = 19). No correlation of doxepin, desmethyldoxepin or total concentrations and Hamilton score was found on days 7 or 14 of the trial. PMID- 7021451 TI - Clinical evaluation of bromperidol versus haloperidol in psychotic patients. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the activity of bromperidol to that of haloperidol, as an initial treatment on admission of psychotic patients. In general, patients reacted equally on both drugs, showing a marked improvement in most of the scored psychiatric elements. After 2 weeks, an improvement in the energy score was noticed for bromperidol, but not for haloperidol, which emphasizes the disinhibiting effect of bromperidol. Most frequent side-effects were tremor, parkinsonism and acathisia. PMID- 7021452 TI - A double-blind comparison of three dosages of flutroline (CP-36,584) in the treatment of schizophrenia. AB - Therapeutic and adverse effects of three dosages (1, 20 and 100 mg daily) of flutroline, a new gamma-carboline with a preclinical pharmacological profile similar to active neuroleptic agents, were compared in a double-blind clinical trial in 25 newly-admitted schizophrenic patients. Therapeutic effects and extrapyramidal signs were seen at the 20 and 100-mg daily dosages, but not at the 1-mg dosage. Serum prolactin levels were significantly elevated only at the 100 mg daily dosage. PMID- 7021453 TI - [Etiology of chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases]. PMID- 7021454 TI - [X-ray technics and x-ray findings in chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases]. PMID- 7021455 TI - [Coloscopy and gastroscopy. Essential diagnostic aids in ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease]. PMID- 7021456 TI - [Clinical picture of Crohn disease]. PMID- 7021457 TI - [Surgical therapy of chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases. Indication and technic]. PMID- 7021458 TI - [Primary (idiopathic) intestinal lymphangiectasis]. PMID- 7021459 TI - [Intestinal tuberculosis - frequently a diagnostic maze]. PMID- 7021460 TI - Assessment of cerebral blood flow in man by video dilution technique: a preliminary report. AB - Video dilution technique (VDT) is currently performed in conjunction with routine cerebral angiography to determine carotid blood flow in humans. Preliminary results indicate that the blood flows (as a percentage of cardial output) of the common, internal, and external carotid arteries are 8.5%, 5.5%, and 3.0%, respectively (SD less than 1%). In contradistinction to previous techniques, VDT provides a safe and highly accurate method of determining carotid blood flow in human subjects. The usefulness of this technique in normal and pathologic states is discussed. PMID- 7021461 TI - Lack of effect of naloxone in the irritable bowel syndrome. PMID- 7021462 TI - Management audit in Crohn's disease. PMID- 7021463 TI - Biographical sketches no. 7 - Wernicke. PMID- 7021464 TI - The Doolin lecture: the changing university. PMID- 7021466 TI - An appreciation. J. Augustine Mehigan, M.M.Ch., F.R.C.S.I. PMID- 7021465 TI - D.N.A. antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus - an evaluation and a comparison of two techniques. PMID- 7021467 TI - Psychological aspects of bronchial asthma in the writings of Isaac Babel. PMID- 7021468 TI - Lipid components variation among the temperature-sensitive mutants and wild strain of Aspergillus nidulans. AB - The fungus Aspergillus nidulans and its two temperature-sensitive mutants were grown in synthetic media at permissive and restrictive temperatures. After seven days of growth, total lipids were extracted and characterised from the mycelia. In the case of the wild strain, an increase in the incubation temperature resulted in an increase in the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and was inversely proportional to the ratio of short chain to long chain fatty acids. It was interesting to note that the ts mutants tested showed a decreased ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids at the higher temperature (restrictive). The ratio of short chain to long chain fatty acids of these two mutants was also found to be varied at the higher temperature. Variations were also found in the case of individual lipid components. PMID- 7021469 TI - "Culture-negative" meningitis: isolation of organisms in hypertonic medium. PMID- 7021470 TI - Comparison on sulphonylurea and insulin treatment on lipid levels in maturity onset diabetic men and women. PMID- 7021471 TI - Edmund T. K. Ing, M.D. honored. PMID- 7021472 TI - Prophylaxis of migraine and mixed headache. A randomized controlled study. PMID- 7021473 TI - Lithium for cluster headache: review of the literature and preliminary results of long-term treatment. PMID- 7021474 TI - Indomethacin responsive headache syndromes. PMID- 7021475 TI - [Ancient tattooing from today's point of view]. AB - Both literary and arachaeological evidence indicates that, up to now, ancient tattoos can be traced with certainty in painting only among Thracians. A comparison with modern tattoos reveals differences of motivation and motifs, whereas localization, technique, and removal show similarities. The illustrations demonstrate some tattoos typical for Thracians on Greek vases. PMID- 7021476 TI - [Malignant melanoma with unknown primary tumor. Case reports of 12 patients with overview]. AB - Report of 12 patients with metastasizing malignant melanoma and unknown primary tumor. Age of patients, therapy and prognosis are alike in patients with known primary tumors. In five patients the medical history or clinical data pointed to regression of the primary malignant melanoma of skin. Metastasis of internal malignant melanomas or the "de novo" origin of malignant melanomas in lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes are discussed. PMID- 7021477 TI - [Apthae: histologic, immunofluorescent and immuno--electron microscopy study of their pathogenesis]. AB - The present study was done to elucidate the pathogenesis of aphthae in recurrent oral ulcers and Behcet's disease. Histologically, early stages of aphthae showed a predominantly neutrophil infiltrate and leukocytoclasia in the vessel walls, as well as extravasates of erythrocytes. In later stages, also histiocytes and lymphocytes appeared. By direct immunofluorescence technique, 30 of 34 patients showed perivascular precipitates of C3 and Clq, eight patients in addition, IgM and IgG. Remarkably, band-like fine granular precipitates of C3 were present in the basement membrane zone. By immunoelectronmicroscopy, C3 was demonstrated in fine subendothelial granules of the vessel walls and of the epithelial basement membrane below the lamina densa. There were no fundamental differences between the aphthae of recurrent oral ulcers and Behcet's disease. Our findings indicate, that an immunecomplex vasculitis is involved in the pathogenesis of aphthosis. PMID- 7021478 TI - A short history of ZnS on Mylar as an alpha-scintillation detector. PMID- 7021479 TI - Physicians' fees and public medical care programs. AB - In this article we develop and estimate a model of physicians' pricing that explicitly incorporates the effects of Medicare and Medicaid demand subsidies. Our analysis is based on a multiperiod model in which physicians are monopolistic competitors supplying services to several markets. The implications of the model are tested using data derived from claims submitted by a cohort of 1,200 California physicians during the years 1972-1975. We conclude that the demand for physician's services is relatively elastic; that increases in the local supply of physicians reduce prices somewhat; that physicians respond strategically to attempts to control prices through the customary-prevailing-reasonable system; and that price controls limit the rate of increase in physicians' prices. The analysis identifies a family of policies that recognize the monopsony power of public programs and may change the cost-access trade-off. PMID- 7021480 TI - Intensity of the second heart sound. Relation of physical, physiological and anatomic factors to auscultatory evaluation. PMID- 7021481 TI - A selective approach to bleeding esophageal varices. PMID- 7021482 TI - Identification of living spermatogenic cells of the mouse by transillumination phase contrast microscopic technique for 'in situ' analyses of DNA polymerase activities. AB - The stages of spermatogenesis can be identified in freshly isolated, unstained adult mouse seminiferous tubules using a transillumination method. Late acrosome- and maturation phase spermatids, arranged in bundles at stages XII-VI give rise to a spotty transillumination pattern. Before spermiation, these cells form a continuous layer on the top of the seminiferous epithelium, recognized by a strong homogeneous central light absorption in the freshly isolated seminiferous tubules at stages VII and VIII. Other stages have a pale light absorption pattern. The accurate determination of the developmental stages of the germ cells was based on the morphology of the developing acrosomic system and of the nuclei of the spermatids, as revealed by phase contrast microscopy. Using this procedure, the activity levels of DNA polymerases alpha and beta have been studied by autoradiography of squash preparations. Using endogenous templates, assay conditions that differentiate between the solubilized DNA polymerases alpha and beta in vitro, were used to distinguish between these activities in situ in different stages of mouse spermatogenesis. Except in very late spermatids shortly before spermiation, DNA polymerases alpha and beta were detectable in all cell types examined. Coinciding with the nuclear protein transitions, elongating spermatids at steps 10-12 and maturation phase spermatids at steps 13-14 showed high DNA polymerase activities. As no replication occurs in these cells, the observations support the view that both DNA polymerases alpha and beta could be involved in repair DNA synthesis. PMID- 7021483 TI - The demonstration, by immunofluorescence, of Legionella pneumophila organisms in human lung tissue embedded in epoxy resin. AB - Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 has been demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence in human lung tissue fixed in 10% formal saline and embedded in epoxy resin. The organism was visualised using Rabbit serogroup 1 antibody and Sheep anti rabbit fluorescein conjugate. The fluorescent labelled organism was found distributed throughout the tissue with focal areas in alveolar spaces and also visualised by electron microscopy in the same tissue. This method therefore enables specific identification of the L. pneumophila organism with the antiserum and also affords the opportunity of studying the bacterium ultrastructurally in the same tissue. PMID- 7021484 TI - Insulin immunohistochemistry of rodent CNS: apparent species differences but good correlation with radioimmunological data. AB - Using an indirect immunofluorescence technique the distribution of insulin was mapped in brains of Wistar strain rats and mice. Insulin immunoreactivity was found to be widely distributed throughout mouse CNS, whereas in rat brain a restriction of immunoreactive material to cerebral blood vessels and ependymal cells and/or tanycytes of the brain ventricles was observed. In radioimmunological studies the amount of insulin (IRI) was estimated for different brain areas (cerebral cortex, brain stem, cerebellum, hippocampus, thalamus and hypothalamus). In the case of Wistar rats very low levels of IRI were found. On the contrary, the same regions in mouse brain contained considerably greater amounts of IRI. The comparison between histochemical and biochemical data revealed a good correlation. It is concluded that part of the insulin measured by radioimmunoassay is associated with neuronal structures. PMID- 7021485 TI - Experimental infective pneumoconiosis: effect of fibrous and non-fibrous silicates and Candida albicans on the lungs of guinea pigs. PMID- 7021486 TI - [Transnasal, endoscopical sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis. I. A biomechanical concept of the endonasal mucosa surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Transnasal, endoscopical operations are recommended for the surgical treatment of chronic sinusitis. They are based on a bio-mechanical concept of recovery of the diseased mucosa, initiated by the restoration of ventilation and drainage to the paranasal cavities. These interventions, e.g. endonasal maxillary sinus operation and endonasal total ethmoidectomy, intend to remove narrow straits within the pneumatic system ("isthmus surgery"), but to preserve the lining mucosa. Flanking measures are necessary, in order to rule out etiologic cofactors of the sinusitis (septoplasty, conchotomy, tonsillectomy). Special instrumentation and the development of the surgical suction-irrigation-endoscope were prerequisite for this type of rhino-surgery, which also requires intimate knowledge of the topographical anatomy. PMID- 7021487 TI - [The role of chemotherapy in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (author's transl)]. AB - This review article summarizes the results of cytostatic treatment for squamous carcinoma of the head and neck region between 1977 and 1980. The cytostatic therapy is not established yet. Dosage and combination of the three most effective drugs: Methotrexate, Bleomycin and Cis-Platinum seems to be of minor importance for the effectivity than selection of patients for prognostic factors. Primary chemotherapy in not pretreated patients with Karnofsky-Index above 60% is most successful. PMID- 7021488 TI - Search for Klebsiella cell wall components cross-reactive with lymphocytes of B27+ AS+ individuals. AB - It has been suggested that some Klebsiella sp may cross-react with a cell surface determinant on the lymphocytes of B27+AS+ individuals. Studies were undertaken to identify culture filtrates capable of rendering the lymphocytes of B27-positive healthy controls susceptible to lysis by the anti-Klebsiella antiserum. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell wall material of Klebsiella K43 prepared by sonication, high-speed centrifugation, and nonidet solubilization, demonstrated the presence of four major protein bands. When antisera raised in rabbits to each of these were tested for their cytotoxic effect on the lymphocytes of B27+AS+ individuals, an antiserum to one component only, of 40-52 K daltons molecular weight, reproduced the activity of the whole serum. Studies on the K43 filtrate indicated that the 'modifying' factor appeared to reside in a 25-50 K dalton component. Immunoelectrophoresis against anti-K43 serum demonstrated overlapping bands in the culture filtrate and the 40-52 K dalton cell wall fraction and these appeared to be identical on immunodiffusion. Antibody to the cell wall component removed both the 'modifying' activity and the appropriate protein band from the filtrate. The results suggest that a 40-52 K dalton component of the Klebsiella K43 cell wall is cross-reactive with a determinant on the lymphocytes of B27+AS+ individuals and is similar to or identical with a modifying factor in K43 culture filtrate which renders the lymphocytes of B27-positive healthy controls susceptible to lysis by anti Klebsiella antiserum. PMID- 7021489 TI - 125I anti-immunoglobulin binding assay for the detection and characterization of anti-platelet antibodies. AB - The binding assay as described in this paper is a very versatile system, and in this study it has been evaluated specifically for the detection of allo- or autoantibodies to platelets in man. The basic assay involves the incubation of a standard number of platelets with dilutions of test sera and the detection of platelet bound immunoglobulin by a second incubation with 125I labeled, immunoadsorbent purified rabbit F(ab') anti-human F(ab')2 (RAH). Of most importance, by varying the number of target platelets in the titrations and looking for binding plateaus, one can readily define conditions of optimum sensitivity for particular serum/platelet combinations. In addition, the assay can be used in conjunction with quantitative absorptions to subdivide complex sera into subspecificities and to give an estimate of the relative amounts of particular antigens on different platelets or other tissue or cell suspensions. One can also use saturating concentrations of RAH in the second incubation, in which case the amount of platelet bound radioactivity is directly related to the amount of first antibody bound to the platelets, and this can be manipulated to give information about serum antibody concentrations and amounts of antigen on the target tissue. The problem of ABO antibodies in this system, optimal conditions for platelet storage for the assay, and techniques for reducing assay backgrounds resulting from immunoglobulin adsorbed to the platelet surface are all evaluated. PMID- 7021490 TI - Immunodeficiency diseases and expression of HLA antigens. AB - The role of HLA antigens in lymphocyte differentiation is strongly suggested by the existence of a recently identified immunodeficiency associated with, and probably resulting from, the lack of expression of HLA-A, B, and C antigens as well as beta2 microglobulin on various cells of hematopoietic origin. This "bare lymphocyte syndrome" has been described in a family where the transmission appeared to be autosomal recessive, and the responsible gene was not borne by the sixth chromosome. Another infant with a severe combined immunodeficiency disease has been treated with fetal liver and thymus transplants (FLTT). A persisting chimerism has been documented: T cells derived from the donor and B cells from the host. Despite complete HLA-A, B, and DR mismatch, T and B cells did cooperate resulting in significant antibody production, and defense against viral infection has been normal. Such an observation may suggest that "allogeneic restriction" of T-cell effector functions can be circumvented. PMID- 7021491 TI - Successful engraftment of NA1 positive bone marrow in a patient with a neutrophil antibody, anti-NA1. AB - An 11-yr, 9-mo-old girl with a 5-hr history of severe aplastic anemia unresponsive to androgen or steroid therapy was treated a bone marrow transplant from her 7-yr-old, HLA-MLC identical, APO incompatible, male sibling. Donor neutrophils were positive for the NA1 antigen. The patient's pretransplant serum contained a neutrophil specific antibody, anti-NA1, reactive against donor neutrophils, which was demonstrable by both granulocyte agglutination and granulocyte cytotoxicity assays. The transplant preparative regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide, 50 mg/kg/day for 4 days, and total lymphoid irradiation (750 rads, 26 rads/min by 4 meV linear accelerator). A two plasma volume exchange (4,800 ml) by continuous flow centrifugation with an Aminco cell separator was performed one day prior to transplant because of ABO incompatibility. Following plasma exchange, anti-NA1 cytotoxic titer, 1:8 preexchange, was no longer detectable; anti-NA1 agglutinating titer had only decreased from 1:64 to 1:32. She experienced no adverse reaction to transplantation of 4:8 X 10(8) nucleated cells/kg. Marrow engraftment was demonstrable by Day 14 by steadily increasing leukocyte and platelet counts, red cells of donor ABO group, and bone marrow chromosomes showing a normal male, 46 XY karyotype. This case of successful bone marrow engraftment without delayed neutrophil recovery in the presence of a neutrophil specific antibody NA1 suggest that neutrophil specific antigens are not functionally present on the pluripotent stem cell. Histoincompatibility for neutrophil specific determinants need not eliminate the possibility of bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia between siblings identical for the major histocompatibility loci. PMID- 7021492 TI - HLA segregation of human T-cell subpopulation markers. AB - Antisera recognizing subsets of human T lymphocytes can be produced by planned immunizations involving HLA-A and HLA-B compatible donors. The reactivity of these antisera against some individuals of a population, but not others, show that they recognize a polymorphic cell surface component. The study of informative families shows the HLA linkage of at least some of these alloantigenic determinants. PMID- 7021493 TI - Arthroscopic surgery of the knee: history and state of the art. PMID- 7021494 TI - Alternative to traditional appendectomy. PMID- 7021495 TI - William Henry Bragg. PMID- 7021496 TI - Freud and the prostitute: male stereotypes of female sexuality in fin-de-siecle Vienna. PMID- 7021497 TI - Leaders in contemporary science (Milton Hyland Erickson) PMID- 7021498 TI - Leaders in contemporary science (Lewis R. Wolberg). PMID- 7021499 TI - Hypnosis in the treatment of headache: a review of the last 10 years. PMID- 7021500 TI - Glucose ingestion before and during intense exercise. AB - Glucose and insulin responses were compared in glycogen depleted subjects when glucose (1.5 g/kg) was ingested 15 min before (n = 7) or during (min 3-5) intense exercise (80% VO2 max; n = 8). A nonexercise group (n = 8) and a no-glucose group (n = 8) were also included for comparisons. A 36- to 44-h fast, combined with exhaustive exercise to deplete muscle glycogen, (congruent to 80% in pilot studies) suggested that the subjects initiated exercise with substantially depleted hepatic and muscle glycogen reserves. With no glucose ingestion, blood glucose decreased during exercise (P less than 0.05) and blood lactate (HLa congruent to 3.8 mM) and the respiratory exchange ratio (R) remained low (0.83); with glucose ingestion before or during exercise, HLa concentrations were doubled (7.3 mM) and R was greater (0.90-0.92; P less than 0.05). Although insulin concentrations decreased rapidly to basal levels within 10 min after the onset of exercise in the preexercise glucose group (P less than 0.05), blood glucose continued to decrease throughout exercise. No such decrease occurred in the subjects who ingested glucose during exercise, nor did insulin concentrations change markedly in this group (P greater than 0.05). The HLa and R data indicated that a considerable portion of glucose was metabolized during exercise. Differences in the preexercise insulin environment appear to exert a persistent effect on glucose uptake throughout exercise. PMID- 7021501 TI - Role of pulmonary edema in the acute pulmonary response to sepsis. AB - There is evidence that both bronchoconstriction and accumulation of lung water may contribute to the early alterations in lung function following septicemia. Eigher of these may be mediated by blood components. To assess these proposed mechanisms the changes in hemodynamics, pulmonary mechanics, gas exchange, and gravimetric lung water were measured in the first 4 h after Escherichia coli infusion in the anesthetized dog and baboon. These species were selected because of previously demonstrated differences in the response to gram-negative sepsis. Both species developed systemic hypotension and early hypoxemia. The dogs had early transient increases in venous admixture (Qva/Qt) but not shunt or dead space, while the baboon had a more persistent increase in Qva/Qt and a late increase in dead space, Increases in nonelastic resistance and decreases in lung compliance were preceded or accompanied by decreases in the leukocyte count in both species, but the platelet count, fibrinogen, and total hemolytic complement had different changes in the two species. Postmortem lung analysis revealed increased lung weight in both species but the wet weight-to-dry weight ratio was not increased in either species. The fractional water content of the excess lung mass was less than that of whole blood. Histological examination revealed large numbers of extravasated leukocytes in the lungs, which may be sufficient to explain the increase in lung weight. We conclude that pulmonary edema does not play a role in the early pulmonary response to E. coli bacteremia in either species. The physiological changes observed are more consistent with bronchoconstriction. PMID- 7021502 TI - Pulmonary microvascular clearance of radiotracers in human cardiac and noncardiac pulmonary edema. AB - We examined the integrity of the alveolocapillary membrane in human cardiac (hydrostatic) (group 1) and noncardiac (permeability) (group 2) edema by measuring the clearance of two intravenously administered radiotracers from the blood to suctioned bronchoalveolar secretions (BAS), representing pulmonary edema fluid, and compared the clearances to simultaneously measured pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and colloid osmotic pressure (COP), representing the intravascular Starling forces, Pmv and pimv. 111In-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), mol wt 504, a hydrophilic radiotracer that equilibrates with extracellular water, and 125I-labeled human serum albumin (HSA), mol we 69,000, were injected intravenously. Samples of blood and BAS were then collected hourly for 405 h, and clearances were calculated. We found the clearance of both radiotracers to be greater in group 2 than in group 1 patients, despite a low mean PCWP-COP gradient, indicating greater alveolocapillary membrane permeability membrane in noncardiac, than in cardiac edema. Furthermore, 111In-DTPA clearance was linearly correlated with the PCWP-COP gradient in both groups (group 1, R2 = 0.726, P less than 0.001; group 2, R2 = 0.879, p less than 0.001 as was the clearance of 125I-HSA in group 2 (R2 = 0.35, P less than 0.027). Clinically, the data suggest that in cardiac and noncardiac pulmonary edema the transmicrovascular flux of small and large solutes may be favorably influenced by therapeutic alterations aimed at widening the intravascular PCWP-COP gradient. However, the greater permeability of the alveolocapillary membrane in noncardiac edema would prohibit any major resolution of edema by simple therapeutic alterations of this gradient. PMID- 7021503 TI - Vasomotor control in healed grafted skin in humans. AB - Do the vasomotor functions unique to skin recover in a skin graft? To determine whether locally mediated vasodilation and active reflex vasodilation recovery, we applied direct heating and whole-body heating, respectively. Also, presence of sympathetic cutaneous vasoconstriction was tested with application of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) during local heating. Subjects were six men who had been severely burned. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was recorded (venous occlusion plethysmography) in regions with healed split-thickness circumferential grafts. All subjects responded normally to local heating of the forearm (irrigation with 42 degrees C water). All but one showed cutaneous vasoconstriction in response to LBNP. Three subjects responded normally to whole-body heating with water-perfused suits (oral temperature elevation approximately 1.5 degrees C); two subjects had attenuated responses. No active vasodilation was normal cutaneous vasomotor functions return in (or under) split-thickness skin grafts, recovery and associated thermoregulatory function may be attenuated or absent, perhaps in relation to the survival of dermis. PMID- 7021504 TI - Correlation of airway resistance with forced random noise resistance parameters. AB - The correlation between airway resistance (Raw) measured in a plethysmograph and three respiratory resistance parameters measured by forced random noise was evaluated. Forced random noise resistance parameters were the average resistance between 5 and 9 hz (R5-9), the average resistance between 20 and 24 Hz (R20-24), and the extrapolated resistance at 1 Hz (R1). We studied 22 healthy, nonsmoking subjects, 10 of whom had a history suggesting childhood asthma. Serial measurements were made after inhalation of aerosols containing increasing concentrations of methacholine of aerosols containing increasing concentrations of methacholine to obtain data in various stages of bronchoconstriction. There was a broad range of responsiveness to methacholine; the ratio of the peak to base-line values of Raw ranged from 1.1 to 6.3. R1, R5-9, and R20-24 were related to Raw by linear regression analysis. R1 and R5-9 showed excellent correlation with Raw (r = 093 and 4=0.91, respectively); R20-24 showed much poorer correlation (r = 0.62). The slopes of the regression equations for R1 and R5-9 were 1.56 and 0.51, respectively; thus neither provided an exact measure of Raw. The data appear to be consistent with a model in which most of the methacholine induced increase in resistance occurred in the peripheral airways and only a small fraction in the central airway. PMID- 7021505 TI - Exercise training hypotension: implications for plasma volume, renin, and vasopressin. AB - To determine the function of changes in plasma volume (PV), plasma renin activity (PRA), and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the mechanism of the reduction of resting blood pressure during exercise training, resting supine, sitting, and standing systolic (SBP) and 5th-phase diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were measured in 10 men (19-24 yr) before and after an 8-day (2 h/day) training period on a cycle ergometer. The control group (5 men) exercised at 1.4 1/min [44% peak O2 uptake (VO2 max)] at 23.8 degrees C Tdb and 50% rh, and the acclimation group at 1.5 1/min (46% VO2 max) at 39.8 degrees C Tdb and 50% rh. After acclimation, resting supine and sitting DPB decreased (P less than 0.05) by 6 and 9 mmHg, respectively. There were no significant changes in DBP in the controls or in SBP in either group. After training, PV increased by 12.2% in controls and by 17.6% after acclimation. The resting hypotension could not be attributed to changes in resting levels of PV, AVP, or PRA. However, large decreases in PV and large increases in AVP and especially PRA during acclimation exposures suggest these responses may play a role in the chronic hypotensive response. PMID- 7021506 TI - Private veterinary colleges in the United States, 1852-1927. PMID- 7021507 TI - Effectiveness of a topical antifungal agent (clotrimazole) in dogs. AB - An infection of Trichophyton mentagrophytes was induced in 13 dogs, and of Microsporum canis, in 9 dogs. After the lesions became established, they were assigned to a group for clotrimazole treatment, miconazole treatment, or no treatment. Treatments were applied one daily for 28 days, using a double blind method. The lesions were evaluated by daily scoring of severity and by semiweekly culturing throughout the treatment period. Compared with untreated controls, the response to clotrimazole was significantly better from day 11 until the end of the study. The response to clotrimazole equaled or occasionally exceeded that to miconazole. PMID- 7021508 TI - Bullous pemphigoid refractory to recommended dosage of prednisolone in a dog. AB - Bullous pemphigoid in a dog was diagnosed on the basis of clinical, histopathologic, and immunologic criteria. There were widespread ulcerative lesions of the skin. Numerous ulcerative lesions and occasional bullous lesions were on the oral mucous membranes. Histopathologic changes included dermal epidermal separation, with subepidermal production of bullae. Direct immunofluorescent staining of the skin revealed depositions of immunoglobulin G and of the 3rd component of the complement system. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of donor skin sections pretreated with patient's serum revealed antibasement membrane antibody in the patient's serum. Most of the data in the serum immune profile were within normal ranges. Prednisolone therapy did not effect remission at the dosage of 4.4 mg/kg/day, but led to the beginning of remission within 7 days at a dosage of 6.6 mg/kg/day. The dosage was gradually reduced to 1.1 mg/kg, at 30 days, after which the drug was given on alternate days at that dosage. The healing was complete within 35 days, without any remissions when the dog was last examined (ie, over 6 months). PMID- 7021509 TI - Combined penetrating keratoplasty, extracapsular cataract extraction, and posterior chamber lens implantation. AB - A retrospective chart review of 18 consecutive unselected cases of combined penetrating keratoplasty, extracapsular cataract extraction, and posterior chamber lens implantation was performed. Overall, 89% of the grafts remained clear with follow-up between six and 54 months (average 21 months). Visual acuities were 20/50 or better in 61% of the cases and 20/80 or better in 83%. Postoperative complications included two graft failures, two cases of secondary glaucoma, one case of cystoid macular edema, and one case of pupil capture. No patients to date have required a secondary discission. PMID- 7021510 TI - Suture-induced astigmatism. PMID- 7021511 TI - A technique for suturing the Shearing posterior chamber implant to the iris. AB - An iris suture is sometimes indicated for additional fixation of a Shearing posterior chamber lens. This suture may be placed after prolapsing the superior J loop through the iridectomy and limbal incision, thus allowing direct visualization while working safely away from the posterior capsule. Possible indications and contraindications for this technique are discussed. PMID- 7021512 TI - A model for planning continuing education for impact. AB - This article reviews the current status of planning and evaluating continuing education (CE) activities for health care professionals. It also acknowledges the increasing demands for accountability of CE. After identifying attributes of most current CE planning strategies and the assumptions underlying them, the article proposes a new system for planning CE that calls for reorientation from the traditional method of planning. This reorientation suggests a problem orientation in programming that requires assessing needs in terms of patient care data, organizing activities around the problem as a focus rather than a health care discipline, committing resources to eliminating the needs regardless of the number of interventions required, and evaluating in terms of impact on indicators used to identify needs. This planning strategy purports to increase the probability of having a measurable impact on health care. PMID- 7021513 TI - A response to the interdisciplinary continuing education dilemma. AB - The paucity of interdisciplinary continuing education activities and the lack of a mechanism for developing collaborative efforts between and among disciplines are important concerns of continuing health educators. Interested parties in Virginia have established an organization, the Virginia Association for Continuing Education in the Health Professions (VACEHP) to address these concerns. The mission of this association is to meet the needs of planners of continuing education in health fields. The purpose of this article is twofold: to provide background information regarding the origin of VACEHP and to relate the methodology and findings of a Delphi study conducted to assess the needs of the association's membership. The findings of the study are being used by VACEHP to chart a course for developing a statewide interdisciplinary network for continuing education in the health professions. PMID- 7021514 TI - Reflections on Heinz Kohut's concept of narcissism. PMID- 7021515 TI - Leprosy without Mycobacterium leprae. PMID- 7021516 TI - [Relationship between preservation temperature and growth ability of M. lepraemurium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021517 TI - [Deterioration of the growth promoting potentiality of cell-free liquid medium for M. lepraemurium during the incubation at 30 degrees C (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021518 TI - [Subcultivation experiment of M. lepraemurium in ND-15 culture system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021519 TI - [In vitro growth stimulation of Mycobacterium lepraemurium by soluble starch (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021520 TI - [Susceptibility test of Mycobacterium lepraemurium against mycobacteriophages (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021521 TI - [Flask culture of Mycobacterium lepraemurium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021522 TI - Keynote address--50th anniversary BPA meeting, Boston, Massachusetts. PMID- 7021523 TI - The historical and cultural spectra of homosexuality and their relationship to the fear of being a lesbian. AB - The cultural spectra of homosexuality are briefly traced in Western and Eastern cultures. Special emphasis is placed on homosexuality in the male, which was a capital offense in the British Navy from 1700 to the early part of the nineteenth century when psychological and medical factors came to be considered of importance. In the American colonies the attitude toward male homosexuality and lesbianism is stated in a clear record of the views of Thomas Jefferson, who proposed in 1779 that "whoever shall be guilty of rape, polygamy or sodomy shall be punished if a man by castration, if a women by cutting through the cartilage of her nose a hole one-half inch in diameter at the least." The growing importance of Freudian theory led to research into child development and the stresses of entering the Oedipal period. Thanks to the insight of female psychoanalysts, Freud's original views were modified to patterns of boys and girls, and the relationship of these differences to the complex systems which may have produced homosexuality in may instances in both sexes. A thesis by Diane M. Greene entitled "Women Loving Women" is reviewed with special reference to the way women adapt to being in the world as lesbians. Prompted by what Bieber and Bieber wrote concerning the use of homosexual themes in males in solving problems related to achievement, e.g., creative success, salary increases, parenting, and drawing on psychoanalytic data, it is considered likely that women exercise similar mechanisms in solving analogous problems. It follows then that a few days delivery, a women could begin to doubt that she could handle this success-the need to mother. This could lead her to doubt her femininity, utilizing the same (hidden) homosexual mechanisms of problem solving in the male. An awareness of this process may assist the physician in management and therapy. Woods' paradigm for the male: I am a failure leads to I am castrated leads to I am not a man leads to I am like a women leads to I am homosexual. For the female, Mayberger and Abramson propose: I am a mother leads to I am successful leads to I cannot handle success because I lack the need to mother my infant lead to I am not a real women, I am like a man leads to I am homosexual. PMID- 7021524 TI - Observations on glucose tolerance, serum insulin and free fatty acid in chronic liver disease. PMID- 7021525 TI - Selective inhibition of carbohydrate transport by the local anesthetic procaine in Escherichia coli. AB - Maltose and lactose transport systems have been used to investigate the action of procaine on insertion and activity of membrane proteins and translocation of exported proteins in Escherichia coli. Procaine mildly inhibited growth on lactose. The level of inhibition was consistent with the small reduction observed in active and facilitated transport functions of the lac permease. However, procaine caused a severe reduction of growth rate on maltose, as well as an inhibition of induction of maltose regulon activities. In both constitutive and inducible strains, the synthesis of both maltose transport activity (malB operon) and amylomaltase activity (malA operon) was inhibited. Coordinate inhibition of soluble and membrane products was not observed with the lac operon. beta Galactosidase synthesis proceeded normally during growth on procaine, whereas, the appearance of new transport activity was reduced. Regardless of carbon source, procaine specifically inhibited the appearance of ompF protein in the membrane fraction. PMID- 7021526 TI - Cytoplasmic membrane fraction that promotes septation in an Escherichia coli lon mutant. AB - A particulate fraction derived from bacterial cells stimulates septation in irradiated Escherichia coli lon mutants when added to postirradiation plating media. It was established that the particles are derived from the cytoplasmic membrane and that they have been partially purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. These particles also contain the cytochrome-based respiratory activity of the cell. A variety of experiments established a correlation between the septation-promoting activity of the particles and their ability to remove oxygen from the postirradiation plating medium. It was suggested that the efficient removal of oxygen from the medium allowed the lon cells to repair radiation-induced damage to the septation mechanism. PMID- 7021527 TI - Analysis of resynthesis tracts in repaired Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - Excision repair of ultraviolet radiation-induced damage in a wild-type strain of Escherichia coli has been examined, using two methods for characterizing the resynthesis step of the repair process. Comparison of data obtained after both isopycnic analysis of repaired deoxyribonucleic acid and sedimentation velocity analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid after selective photolysis of bromouracil containing repaired regions has shown that the repaired deoxyribonucleic acid molecules contain a semicontinuous distribution of sizes of repair tracts. Further analysis of our data suggests two major classes of repair patches, one abut 20 to 40 nucleotides in length, and the other containing 1,600 to 2,000 nucleotides. Under the conditions employed, approximately 2 to 10% of the fully repaired regions are long repair patches. PMID- 7021528 TI - Molecular cloning of chemotaxis genes and overproduction of gene products in the bacterial sensing system. AB - The chemotaxis genes cheR, cheB, cheY, cheZ, and tar of Salmonella typhimurium were cloned into bacteriophage lambda vectors and onto pBR322 plasmids by recombinant DNA techniques. The genes were linearly arranged in the order tar cheR-cheB-cheY-cheZ (and were read from a promoter on the upstream side of the tar or cheR gene). However, their stoichiometries of expression were found to be 4:1:1:18:3, respectively. The overexpression of the cheY gene appeared to be a function of translational control. These five che genes were placed on a multicopy plasmid, and the gene products were overproduced in the cells, as shown by enzyme assays. The overproduction of the products of these five genes relative to those of the other che genes caused some changes in chemotactic properties, but no dramatic destruction of sensing ability. PMID- 7021529 TI - Comparative mutagenesis and interaction between near-ultraviolet (313- to 405-nm) and far-ultraviolet (254-nm) radiation in Escherichia coli strains with differing repair capabilities. AB - Comparative mutagenesis and possible synergistic interaction between broad spectrum (313- to 405-nm) near-ultraviolet (black light bulb [BLB]) radiation and 254-nm radiation were studied in Escherichia coli strains WP2 (wild type), WP2s (uvrA), WP10 (recA), WP6 (polA), WP6s (polA uvrA), WP100 (uvrA recA), and WP5 (lexA). With BLB radiation, strains WP2s and WP6s demonstrated a high level of mutagenesis, whereas strains WP2, WP5, WP6, WP10, and WP100 did not demonstrate significant mutagenesis. In contrast, 254-nm radiation was mutagenic in strains WP2, WP2s, WP6, and WP6s, but strains WP5, WP10, and WP100 were not significantly mutated. The absence of mutagenesis by BLB radiation in lexA and recA strains WP10, WP5, and WP100 suggests that lex+ rec+ repair may play a major role in mutagenesis by both BLB and 254-nm radiation. The hypothesis that BLB radiation selectively inhibits rec+ lex+ repair was tested by sequential BLB-254-nm radiation. With strain WP2, a fluence of 30 J/m2 at 254 nm induced trp+ revertants at a frequency of 15 X 10(-6). However, when 10(5) J/m2 or more of BLB radiation preceded the 254-nm exposure, no trp+ revertants could be detected. A similar inhibition of 254-nm mutagenesis was observed with strain WP6 (polA). However, strains WP2s (uvrA) and wP6s (polA uvrA) showed enhanced 254-nm mutagenesis when a prior exposure to BLB radiation was given. PMID- 7021531 TI - Bacitracin and protease production in relation to sporulation during exponential growth of Bacillus licheniformis on poorly utilized carbon and nitrogen sources. AB - Growth of Bacillus licheniformis in a chemically defined medium containing glucose and ammonium chloride yielded a doubling time of 1.00 h. Examination of the culture during exponential growth revealed a lack of heat-resistant spores together with a complete absence of detectable concentrations of bacitracin or extracellular serine protease. Replacement of glucose as the sole carbon source by glycerol, pyruvic acid, citric acid, or lactic acid resulted in doubling times of 1.13, 2.00, 3.16, and 3.95 h, respectively. Bacitracin, protease, and heat resistant spores were produced during exponential growth in amounts related to these doubling times. A qualitatively similar pattern was observed when ammonium chloride was replaced by sodium nitrate, alanine, or glutamic acid which gave doubling times of 1.65, 1.77, and 1.90 h, respectively. Protease, but not bacitracin, concentrations were substantially higher when the growth rate was restricted by use of poor nitrogen rather than poor carbon sources. The relationships between bacitracin production, protease production, and the sporulation process are discussed. PMID- 7021530 TI - Carboxypeptidase S- and carboxypeptidase Y-deficient mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A new carboxypeptidase (carboxypeptidase S) was found in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain lacking carboxypeptidase Y (D. H. Wolf and U. Weiser, Eur. J. Biochem. 73:553-556, 1977). Mutants devoid of carboxypeptidase S activity were isolated from a mutant strain that was also deficient in carboxypeptidase Y. Four mutants were analyzed in detail and fell into one complementation group. The defect segregated 2:2 in meiotic tetrads. Gene dosage experiments indicated that the mutation might reside in the structural gene of carboxypeptidase S. The absence of both enzymes, carboxypeptidases Y and S, did not affect mitotic growth. Ascopore formation was only slightly affected by the absence of both carboxypeptidases. Protein degradation under conditions of nutrient deprivation and under sporulation conditions showed no obvious alteration in the absence of carboxypeptidases Y and S. When a proteinase B mutation, which led to the absence of proteinase B activity and resulted in the partial reduction of sporulation, was introduced into a mutant lacking both carboxypeptidases, the ability of diploid cells to sporulate was nearly completely lost. Mutants lacking both carboxypeptidases were unable to grow on the dipeptide benzyloxycarbonylglycyl-l leucine as a sole nitrogen source, which indicates an additional function for carboxypeptidases Y and S in supplying nutrients from exogenous peptides. Catabolite inactivation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and inactivation of nicotin amide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent, glutamate dehydrogenase, events which have been proposed to involve proteolysis in vivo, were not dependent on the presence of carboxypeptidase Y and S. In a mutant lacking both carboxypeptidases, four new proteolytic enzymes with carboxypeptidase activity were detected. PMID- 7021532 TI - Replication control and switch-off function as observed with a mini-F factor plasmid. AB - Mini-F is a fragment of the F plasmid, consisting of 9,000 base pairs, which carries all of the genes and sites required for replicon maintenance and control. Its copy number is one to two per chromosome. This plasmid is joined to ColE1, whose copy number is 16 to 20. Under normal circumstances the composite plasmid replication exhibited ColE1 characteristics, maintaining a high copy number. However, when ColE1 replication was inhibited by deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase I inactivation, its replication exhibited mini-F characteristics, maintaining a low copy number. These observations are in complete agreement with those of Timmis et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71:4556-4560, 1974), who examined the behavior of a recombinant plasmid formed between pSC101 and ColE1. The transition from high to low copy number allowed us to examine the control system acting in cells carrying plasmids exhibiting intermediate copy numbers. The initiation of the mini-F replication system as represented by deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis of the composite plasmid was completely blocked when there were multiple copies of mini-F in a cell. It was not restored until the copy number was lowered to one to two, after which replication was first detected. ppF, a mini-F replicon packaged in a phage lambda head behaved similarly: its replication was completely shut off when the resident mini-F genome copy number was high and was inhibited partially when the resident mini-F genome copy number was low. These experiments clearly demonstrate that there is a switch-off mechanism acting on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis (initiation) in a cell carrying mini-F, and its intensity is related to the plasmid copy number. This result supports the "inhibitor dilution model" proposed by Pritchard et al. (Symp. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. 19:263-297, 1969). The nature of the hypothetical inhibitor is discussed. PMID- 7021533 TI - Spontaneous mitotic recombination in mms8-1, an allele of the CDC9 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The methyl methane sulfonate (MMS)-sensitive mutation mms8-1 increases the rate of spontaneous mitotic intragenic recombination at five heteroallelic loci on three chromosomes. Complementation, segregation, and mapping studies indicate that mms8-1 is allelic to cdc9, known to be defective in deoxyribonucleic acid ligase. Both mms8-1 and cdc9 mutants are lethal in combination with the recombination-defective mutant rad52-1. Genetic analysis of spontaneous red/white sectors in an ade2-1/ade2-1 ade5/+ mms8-1/mms8-1 strain shows nonreciprocal recombinational events involving long chromosome segments. We also observe greater than expected rates of simultaneous recombination at loci on different chromosomes in both wild-type and mms8-1 mutants. PMID- 7021534 TI - Identification and characterization of Col plasmids from classical colicin E producing strains. AB - A series of transformants have been derived which carry the Col plasmids from 11 E-colicin-producing strains isolated by Fredericq or Hamon. The ColE plasmids identified included four of type E1, five of type E2, and two of a type designated E4 by Horak (Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr. Hyg. Abt. 1 Orig. Reihe A 233:58-63, 1975). Strain K317 was shown to carry a ColE7 plasmid and a 2.7-megadalton (Md) ColE2imm plasmid which confers immunity to colicin E2 but not the ability to produce colicin. Other plasmids identified in the colicinogenic isolates were a 3.4-Md ColN plasmid and a 1.3-Md Col plasmid of unknown type. The ColE1 plasmids all continued replicating in cultures treated with chloramphenicol. Strains carrying the ColE4 or ColE3-CA38 plasmid exhibited partial sensitivity to their own colicins and exhibited an unusual clearing-zone morphology when overlaid on stabs of colicin E2- or E7-producing strains. Except for ColE1-K53, ColE1-K47, ColE2-CA42, and ColE7-K317, all of the ColE plasmids were found to be about 4.3 Md in size. ColE2-CA42 and ColE7-K317 are both about 3.9 Md and are the only two plasmids of the E2, E3, E4, and E7 types that did not yield a 0.39-Md deoxyribonucleic acid fragment as an EcoRI digestion product. The comparisons of the ColE plasmids suggest several structural and functional relationships among them. PMID- 7021535 TI - Localization of enterobacterial common antigen in Yersinia enterocolitica by the immunoferritin technique. AB - Rabbits were immunized with the enterobacterial common antigen (ECA)-immunogenic strain Escherichia coli F470. ECA-specific antiserum was obtained by absorbing the resulting antisera with the genetically closely related ECA-negative strain E. coli F1283. These two strains also served as positive and negative controls in the localization study of ECA in Yersinia enterocolitica strain 75, smooth and rough forms (Ye75S and Ye75R), by the indirect immunoferritin technique. Cells of Ye75S grown at 22 degrees C showed no labeling with ferritin after treatment with the ECA-specific antiserum and subsequent ferritin-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibodies. If the cells were grown at 40 degrees C, however, most of the cells showed weak ferritin labeling. At this higher growth temperature, the lipopolysaccharide of this strain contains less O-specific chains (6-deoxy-L altrose), as was shown in a previous study. The rough mutant Ye75R, which lacks O specific chains completely, showed denser labeling with ferritin. These results indicate that ECA on the cell surface of Ye75S is covered by O-specific chains of the lipopolysaccharide if grown at 22 degrees C and is therefore not accessible to ECA antibodies. It becomes accessible, however, when O-chains are lacking (R mutants) or when they are reduced in size or amount (growth at 40 degrees C). PMID- 7021536 TI - Low-molecular-weight O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase and serine sulfhydrylase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are the same protein. AB - Low-molecular-weight O-acetyl-l-serine sulfhydrylase was purified from a cysteine auxotroph of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and was demonstrated to be identical with l serine sulfhydrylase. PMID- 7021537 TI - Streptomycin resistance (rpsL) produces an absolute requirement for polyamines for growth of an Escherichia coli strain unable to synthesize putrescine and spermidine [delta(speA-speB) delta specC]. AB - The presence of certain rpsL (strA) mutations in a strain of Escherichia coli that cannot synthesize putrescine or spermidine because of deletions in ornithine decarboxylase, arginine decarboxylase, and agmatine ureohydrolase, converts a partial requirement for polyamines for growth into an absolute requirement. PMID- 7021538 TI - Molecular mechanisms of pyrimidine dimer excision in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: excision of dimers in cell extracts. AB - Cell-free extracts prepared from rad1-19, rd2-2, rad3-1, rad4-3, rad7-1, rad10-1, rd14-1, rad16-1, and cyc1-1 (rad7) mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae all catalyze the preferential excision of thymine-containing pyrimidine dimers from ultraviolet-irradiated DNA specifically incised with M. luteus ultraviolet deoxyribonucleic acid incising activity. PMID- 7021539 TI - Isolation of adenosine 5'-diphosphate-D-glycero-D-mannoheptose. An intermediate in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis of Shigella sonnei. AB - From a Shigella sonnei R mutant which incorporates into its cell wall lipopolysaccharide D-glycero-D-mannoheptose and contains no L-glycero-D mannoheptose, a nucleotide-linked sugar was isolated and identified as adenosine 5'-diphosphate-D-glycero-d-mannoheptose by chemical and chromatographic analysis. This intermediary compound is assumed to play a role in heptose biosynthesis of Enterobacteria. PMID- 7021540 TI - Demonstration by radiation inactivation that insulin alters the structure of the insulin receptor in rat liver membranes. AB - Using the technique of radiation inactivation we have previously shown that the insulin receptor in rat liver membranes is composed of at least two functional components: an insulin binding component and a component which acts as an affinity regulator ((1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 3412-3419). In the present study, we have used this technique to examine whether insulin alters the size or structure of the insulin receptor. When insulin is bound to its receptor in liver membranes before radiation, there is a marked change in the inactivation profile. Analysis of the results of indicated that insulin binding to its receptor caused a decrease in the functional size of the insulin binding component from 115,000 to 76,000 and also diminished the interaction between the binding and regulatory components. The magnitude of these effects depended on the insulin concentration, and analogues of insulin with reduced receptor affinity show a reduced effect. Under these conditions, there was no change in the apparent size of the affinity regulator (about 260,000). These data suggest that the interaction of insulin with its receptor in situ produces a change in receptor structure which may be important in signal transmission. PMID- 7021541 TI - Amino acid sequence of heat-stable enterotoxin produced by Escherichia coli pathogenic for man. AB - The primary structure of a heat-stable toxin produced by a strain of Escherichia coli pathogenic for man has been established and is given below: Asn-Thr-Phe-Tyr Cys-Cys-Glu-Leu-Cys-Cys-Tyr-Pro-Ala-Cys-Ala-Gly-Cys-Asn. PMID- 7021542 TI - Sex pheromone biosynthesis from radiolabeled fatty acids in the redbanded leafroller moth. AB - Radiolabeled fatty acids in dimethyl sulfoxide were applied topically to sex pheromone glands of young adult female Argyrotaenia velutinana. Glands treated with sodium [1-14C]acetate incorporated radiolabel into the sex pheromone components and into dodecanoic, tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, octadecanoic, (Z)-11 tetradecenoic, and (E)-11-tetradecenoic fatty acyl moieties. In contrast, very little radiolabel was incorporated into unsaturated 18-carbon fatty acyl moieties and almost none into unsaturated 18-carbon fatty acyl moieties, although these moieties were abundant in the gland. A similar pattern of incorporation was observed for glands treated with [U-14C]hexadecanoic acid. In glands treated with [1-14C]hexadecanoic acid, a smaller proportion of the label was incorporated into the 14-carbon fatty acyl moieties than in glands treated with [U-14C]hexadecanoic acid, indicating that 14-carbon fatty acyl moieties arose from chain-shortening of hexadecanoyl moieties. In glands treated with [1-14C]tetradecanoic acid, (Z) 11-tetradecenoyl and (E)-11-tetradecenoyl moieties incorporated the most label, implicating (Z)-11 and (E)-11 desaturases specific for the tetradecanoyl chain. In glands treated with (Z)-11-[1-14C]tetradecenoic acid or (E)-11-[1 14C]tetradecenoic acid, very little label was incorporated into the other geometric isomer, implying that Z/E isomerases do not occur in the gland. In glands treated with (E)-11-[1-14C]tetradecenoic acid, much more label was incorporated into (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate than with the other substrates, showing that most of the labeled acetate arose from reduction and acetylation of the labeled fatty acyl moiety. PMID- 7021543 TI - In vivo NH2-terminal acetylation of Sindbis virus proteins. AB - The in vivo incorporation of exogenous radioactive acetate into two proteins of Sindbis virus, the capsid protein and PE2, is described. Under appropriate labeling conditions, 40-50% of the label in the capsid protein is found in an N acetyl group which constitutes the NH2-terminal modification of this blocked protein. The incorporated radiolabeled acetate was useful in the purification and analysis of peptides derived from the NH2-terminus of the capsid protein, and from these peptides the NH2-terminal sequence of the protein was determined to be N-acetyl-Met-Asx-, with the asx group most likely asparagine. The analysis of a peptide derived from the NH2-terminus of PE2 and containing 45% of the acetate derived label in this protein leads us to conclude that at least a significant fraction of PE2 is also blocked by N-acetylation. PMID- 7021544 TI - The amino acid sequence of elongation factor Tu of Escherichia coli. The large cyanogen bromide peptides. AB - The amino acid sequences of three large cyanogen bromide peptides, which comprise 289 of the 393 amino acids in Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu, have been determined. The peptides were digested with trypsin, Staphylococcus aureus protease, and chymotrypsin to give overlapping subfragments, which were separated by high performance liquid chromatography. Peptides were sequenced by solid-phase Edman degradation. Sequence analysis of these peptides completes the sequence of elongation factor Tu described in the companion article (Laursen, R. A., L'Italien, J. J., Nagarkatti, S. N., and Miller, D. L. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 8102-8109). PMID- 7021545 TI - The amino acid sequence of elongation factor Tu of Escherichia coli. The complete sequence. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of elongation factor Tu of Escherichia coli has been established by sequencing overlapping cyanogen bromide and tryptic peptides. Sequence analysis of peptides was done primarily by solid-phase Edman degradation. Elongation factor Tu is a single chain polypeptide composed of 393 amino acids (Mr = 43,225). Its NH2 terminus is blocked with an acetyl group, as determined by mass spectroscopy, and lysine 56 is partially methylated. The cysteine residues associated with aminoacyl tRNA and guanosine nucleotide binding are located at positions 81 and 137, respectively. Although elongation factor Tu is coded for by two genes, the only site of microheterogeneity found was at the carboxyl terminus (residue 393), which is either glycine or serine. Comparison of the first 140 amino acids of elongation factor Tu and of elongation factor G shows a strong (31%) sequence homology. In addition, secondary structure calculations predict remarkable conformational similarities between the two proteins. The NH2-terminal region of elongation factor Tu appears to be composed of two beta-sheet domains connected by an exposed, alpha-helical bridge, which includes a 14-amino acid segment released by limited treatment with trypsin. Structural features of the aminoacyl-tRNA binding site are discussed in the light of sequence and other chemical and biochemical data. PMID- 7021546 TI - Identification of proteins at the binding site for protein S1 in 70 S ribosomes and 30 S subunits by cross-linking with 2-iminothiolane. AB - Escherichia coli 30 S ribosomal subunits and 70 S ribosomes were treated with 2 iminothiolane and oxidized to promote the formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds between neighboring proteins. After alkylation of the unreacted sulfhydryl groups, the mixture of ribosomal proteins was extracted with acetic acid and analyzed by 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using nonequilibrium pH gradient gel electrophoresis in the first dimension and a sodium dodecyl sulfate gel in the second. The analysis revealed only 3 protein dimers that contained ribosomal protein S1. The identification of the protein partner of protein S1 in each dimer was accomplished by radioiodination of the proteins extracted from the gel, 2-dimensional polyacrylamide/urea gel electrophoresis, and radioautography. The results indicate that proteins S2, S10, and S18 are cross-linked to protein S1. No other cross-links involving S1 were detected. PMID- 7021547 TI - Islet-activating protein. A modifier of receptor-mediated regulation of rat islet adenylate cyclase. AB - Adenylate cyclase of the membrane-rich fraction of 24-h cultured islets was inhibited by epinephrine via alpha-adrenergic receptors. Epinephrine was inhibitory only when the enzyme was activated by GTP; the degree of inhibition was highly proportional to the degree of GTP activation. Adenylate cyclase of islets cultured with islet-activating protein (IAP), one of the pertussis toxins, was less susceptible to epinephrine inhibition. The degree of the inhibition was markedly reduced without changes in potency of the catecholamine and in GTP dependence after IAP treatment. None of the other kinetic properties of the enzyme including the affinity for substrate, sensitivity to guanine nucleotide and fluoride activation, and cholera toxin-induced modification of enzymic activity were affected by treatment of islets with IAP, suggesting that neither the catalytic nor the GTP-regulatory component of the membrane adenylate cyclase complex is the site of IAP action. Slight activation of the enzyme by glucagon or adenosine tended to be enhanced by IAP treatment. Thus, a mechanism whereby membrane receptors are linked to adenylate cyclase appears to be modified by exposure of islet cells to IAP. PMID- 7021548 TI - The yeast fatty acid synthetase. Structure-function relationship and the role of the active cysteine-SH and pantetheine-SH. PMID- 7021549 TI - The pyridine nucleotide cycle. Studies in Escherichia coli and the human cell line D98/AH2. AB - Different metabolic steps comprise the pyridine nucleotide cycles in Escherichia coli and in the human cell line HeLa D98/AH2. An analysis of the 32P-labeling patterns in vivo reveals that in E. coli, pyrophosphate bond cleavage of intracellular NAD predominates, while in the human cell line, cleavage of the nicotinamide ribose bond predominates. In E. coli, intracellular NAD is processed differently from extracellular NAD. Conversion of intracellular NAD to nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) can be demonstrated in intact cells. We have also assayed and purified an enzyme, NMN deamidase, which converts NMN to NaMN. These data suggest that in E. coli, the predominant intracellular pyridine nucleotide cycle operative under our experimental conditions is: NAD leads to NMN leads to NaMN leads to NaAD leads to NAD Thus, a metabolic event requiring pyrophosphate bond cleavage of NAD, such as DNA ligation, initiates most NAD turnover. In the human cell line, the data are consistent with the following NAD turnover cycle: (formula, see text) Whereas in E. coli, ADP-ribosylation does not make a quantitatively important contribution, we suggest that in HeLa cells, ADP ribosylation events initiate NAD turnover. PMID- 7021550 TI - Subunit structure of Shigella cytotoxin. AB - Shigella cytotoxin was purified from the culture medium of Shigella shigae 60 R and from the bacterial pellet by an extensive purification scheme involving chromatography on Cibachron Blue F3GA, chitin, and DEAE-cellulose columns, sucrose gradient centrifugation, and finally polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. In sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels, purified toxin showed two bands, a heavy one with the molecular weight of 30,500 (A chain), and a broad band migrating near the dye front (B chain). The A chain was easily cleaved by proteases into two fragments, A1 (Mr = 27,500) and A2 (Mr = 3,000). These fragments were linked with a disulfide bridge (nicked toxin). The molecular weight of native toxin was estimated by the method of Ferguson to be 68,000 +/- 4,000. Cross-linking experiments indicated that the native toxin consists of one A chain and six to seven B chains, with each B chain having a molecular weight of congruent to 5,000. The isolated A and B chains were not toxic to cells nor did they bind to cells to a measurable extent. In a cell-free system, the A1 fragment strongly inhibited protein synthesis. The possibility that the B chains form the binding moiety of the toxin is discussed. PMID- 7021551 TI - Bacterial cell envelopes with functional flagella. AB - Our aim was to isolate from bacteria a flagellated, subcellular system whose content could be changed at will. Because the control of bacterial chemotaxis resides in the direction of rotation of the flagella, such a system would be ideal for the study of this control mechanism. By incubating bacteria with penicillin and then lysing them osmotically, we were able to isolate cell envelopes from Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. These envelopes have the same sidedness and similar shape and dimensions as the original bacteria; they are practically free of cytoplasm; they are osmotically sensitive, having intact the cytoplasmic membrane and at least part of the cell wall; and they have flagella. This preparation was used to find out what is required to restore flagellar rotation, which had been lost during osmotic lysis. By visualizing the image of individual flagella with high intensity light microscopy or by tethering the cell envelopes, we found that adding artificial electron donors as an energy source is enough to restore rotation. This seems to indicate that no cytoplasmic components are required and that the proton electrochemical potential is indeed the driving force for flagellar rotation. However, the rotation was almost entirely counterclockwise, while in intact bacteria the flagella rotate in both directions. This may indicate that a cytoplasmic component is required to allow clockwise rotation. The significance of these results for the study of chemotaxis is discussed. PMID- 7021552 TI - Hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates catalyzed by the recA protein of Escherichia coli. Characterization of ATP hydrolysis. AB - Both single- and double-stranded DNA stimulate the hydrolysis of ATP catalyzed by the recA protein of Escherichia coli. However, the reactions differ in their pH optima, response to recA protein concentration, salt sensitivity, and degree of inhibition by ADP, all of which reflect different requirements for the prehydrolytic binding of single- and double-stranded DNA by the RecA protein. Single- and double-stranded DNA stimulate hydrolysis of the same nucleoside triphosphates, principally (r,d)ATP and (r,d)UTP, suggesting that a single hydrolytic site is utilized in both single- and double-stranded DNA-dependent reactions. recA protein also catalyzes detectable ATP hydrolysis in the absence of exogenous DNA, although the rate is reduced 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. This DNA-independent hydrolysis shows the same nucleotide specificity at pH 6.2 and 7.5, although the rate of hydrolysis depends upon the pH. PMID- 7021553 TI - Binding of the recA protein of Escherichia coli to single- and double-stranded DNA. AB - The recA protein of Escherichia coli binds both single- (SS) and double-stranded (DS) DNA; however, the optimal conditions differ for interaction with these DNA substrates. Binding of DS DNA by recA protein is pH dependent (optimum near pH 6.2) and requires a nucleoside triphosphate (ATP) and divalent cation. Substitution of the 5'-O-3'-thiotriphosphate (ATP(gamma S)) for ATP leads to formation of stable complexes of recA protein and DNA that dissociate very slowly. Formation of these complexes is extremely sensitive to ionic strength and pH. However, once formed, the complexes resist changes in pH and high salt concentrations. SS DNA binds to recA protein in the absence of a nucleoside triphosphate, but recA protein-SS DNA complexes are stabilized by ATP(gamma S). At high recA protein/DNA ratios (1 recA protein monomer/30 nucleotides), these complexes sediment in sucrose gradients as large protein-DNA aggregates. Although ATP(gamma S) blocks dissociation of recA protein from DNA, ATP stimulates the release of recA protein from SS DNA. Hydrolysis of the ATP is not required for dissociation since it is also enhanced by ADP and certain nucleoside triphosphates that are not hydrolyzed by recA protein. recA protein binds with different affinities to ribohomopolymers and deoxyhomopolymers. It preferentially binds polydeoxythymidylate and polydeoxycytidylate but does not bind short oligonucleotides, indicating that there is a minimum size requirement for the binding step. The recA protein exists as a heterogeneous aggregate at pH 7.5 and at low ionic strength. At pH 6.2 in the presence of Mg2+, the protein sediments homogeneously as a dimer. At pH 6.2, ATP or ATP(gamma S) promotes an oligomerization of the recA protein which can be observed as filamentous structures by electron microscopy. Oligomerization is not induced by UTP, a nucleoside triphosphate that is efficiently hydrolyzed by the recA protein, but fails to stimulate efficiently recA protein-promoted annealing and assimilation of single-stranded DNA. PMID- 7021554 TI - Hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates catalyzed by the recA protein of Escherichia coli. Hydrolysis of UTP. AB - Hydrolysis of UTP catalyzed by the recA protein of Escherichia coli is stimulated by both double- (DS) and single-stranded (SS) DNA. DS DNA-dependent UTPase activity has a sharp optimum near pH 6. SS DNA-dependent UTP hydrolysis also is optimal near pH 6, although considerable activity remains at pH 8. Both SS and DS DNA-dependent UTPase activities are nonlinearly dependent on recA protein concentration at pH 6 but the SS DNA-dependent reaction shows a linear dependence on enzyme concentration at pH 8. The Km for UTP in the SS DNA-dependent reaction decreases from 147 microM at pH 8 to 33 microM at pH 6. The Km for UTP in the DS DNA-dependent reaction is 247 microM at pH 6. In addition, the Hill coefficient for UTP in the SS DNA-dependent reaction decreases from 3.5 at pH 8 to 1.9 at pH 6, while in the DS DNA-dependent reaction, the Hill coefficient is 2.4 at pH 6. Thus, the UTPase activity of the recA protein differs from the ATPase activity of recA protein primarily in the pH dependence of KmUTP, Vmax, and response to enzyme concentration of the SS DNA-dependent hydrolysis reaction. These differences may be related to the inability of UTP to substitute effectively for ATP in recA protein-promoted annealing and assimilation of SS DNA. PMID- 7021555 TI - Lipid on capsular polysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria. AB - Hydrolysis of the meningococcal group A, B, and C, and Escherichia coli K92 polysaccharides by 60% aqueous hydrofluoric acid liberated various 1,2 diacylglycerols. These were extracted with chloroform, trimethylsilylated, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Two 1,2-diacylglycerols were the major components isolated. In each polysaccharide, 80 to 90% dipalmitoyl glycerol and 10 to 20% distearoyl glycerol were identified. No monoacylglycerols or mixed diacylglycerols were noted. The presence of the hydrophobic end causes the polysaccharides to aggregate in a micellar form and may be the entity by which the polysaccharide remains attached to the outer membrane of the bacterium giving rise to the structure recognized as a capsule. PMID- 7021556 TI - Affinity labeling of chicken liver dihydrofolate reductase by a substituted 4,6 diaminodihydrotriazine bearing a terminal sulfonyl fluoride. AB - Chicken liver dihydrofolate reductase is rapidly and stoichiometrically inactivated by a substituted 4,6-diaminodihydrotriazine containing a terminal benzenesulfonylfluoride (DTBSF). The substrate dihydrofolate largely prevents the enzyme inhibition by DTBSF, whereas NADPH had no effect, indicating that the inhibitor is bound at or near the folate site. Using radiolabeled inhibitor between 1.0 and 1.2 mol was incorporated/mol of enzyme (Mr = 21,651), following treatment with 8 M urea at 75 degrees C. Digestion of the maleylated, radiolabeled inhibitor-enzyme complex with trypsin and subsequent gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 SF yielded a single major peak of radioactivity. The covalently modified limited tryptic peptide was subsequently purified to homogeneity using high performance liquid chromatography. The radiolabeled tryptic peptide had the following sequence: Asn-Glu-Tyr (DTBS)-Lys-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Arg (residues 29-36). Automated Edman degradation of this peptide revealed that the radioactivity derived from the inhibitor was released at Step 3, identifying tyrosine-31 as the specific site of covalent attachment of the affinity label. PMID- 7021557 TI - Thyroid hormone synthesis in thyroglobulin. The mechanism of the coupling reaction. AB - [U-14C]Tyrosine-labeled noniodinated hog thyroglobulin was iodinated enzymatically and nonenzymatically (iodine, iodide-chloramine-T, pH 7.4, or iodine monochloride, pH 8.1). This led to similar levels of iodine incorporation as well as of thyroid hormone synthesis. Iodine monochloride at pH 5.5 formed "hormonogenic" iodotyrosine residues, but no hormone residues. The latter were formed when the iodinated thyroglobulin was brought to pH 8.5 and then treated with horseradish peroxidase and glucose-glucose oxidase in the absence of iodide and iodine monochloride. Enzymatic hydrolysates contained labeled hormone and pyruvic acid; acid hydrolysates labeled thyronine and acetic acid. (Treatment with acid converts hormone to thyronine and pyruvic to acetic acid.) After borohydride treatment, labeled alanine was present instead of pyruvic or acetic acid. The pyruvic acid/hormone, acetic acid/thyronine, alanine/hormone, and alanine/thyronine molar ratios always were 1, independently of the method of iodination. The "coupling reaction" consists of an oxidation step and nonoxidative coupling and decomposition steps. The oxidation step may be either enzymatic or nonenzymatic. The decomposition step always leads to 1 dehydroalanine residue for each hormone residue synthesized. (Dehydroalanine residues appear in the various hydrolysates as acetic acid, pyruvic acid, and alanine, respectively.) Since proper alignment of 2 iodotyrosine residues is a prerequisite for coupling, a model is proposed according to which oxidation of hormonogenic iodotyrosine residues leads to a charge transfer complex which is the same zwitterion-biradical resonance hybrid no matter whether it resulted from a free radical (enzymatic) or an ionic (nonenzymatic) oxidation. PMID- 7021558 TI - Purification, characterization, and amino acid sequence of thioredoxin from Corynebacterium nephridii. PMID- 7021559 TI - Purification and properties of the human placental insulin receptor. AB - Human placenta insulin receptor was purified 11,000-fold to near homogeneity using DEAE-cellulose chromatography and affinity chromatography on insulin Sepharose. Approximately 200 to 300 micrograms of purified receptor were obtained from a single placenta. In solution, the native receptor is a complex (Mr = 440,000) of an acidic, multi-subunit protein with a Mr of 350,000 and bound detergent accounting for the remainder of the mass. The receptor protein is asymmetric (f/f0 = 1.4) and consists of a single Coomassie blue staining polypeptide of Mr = 135,000. In addition to the 135,000-dalton polypeptide, two smaller polypeptides of Mr = 45,000 and 90,000 were observed upon autoradiography of 125I-labeled receptor subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These two smaller polypeptides did not stain with Coomassie blue but migrated with native receptor activity on isoelectric focusing gels and were coimmunoprecipitated with the 135,000-dalton polypeptide by anti-insulin receptor antibody. The 135,000-dalton subunit was specifically labeled by 125I-insulin using the bifunctional cross-linking reagent disuccinimidyl suberate (P. F. Pilch, and M. P. Czech, (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 3375-3381), suggesting that this component contains the insulin binding domain. PMID- 7021560 TI - Electrophoretic purification of chlorophyll a/b-protein complexes from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and spinach and analysis of their polypeptide compositions. PMID- 7021561 TI - Management of deep infection of total hip replacement. AB - Exchange operation is recommended as the treatment of choice for most deep infections involving a total hip replacement. This revision arthroplasty comprises, in one stage, excision of soft tissue, removal of implant and cement, replacement with an appropriate implant using Palacos R acrylic cement loaded with an appropriate antibiotic and, more recently, systemic antibiotics. During our first 10 years without systemic antibiotics we have achieved an overall 77 per cent success rate from a first attempt in 583 patients and a 90 per cent success rate after subsequent exchange procedures. Morbidity is significant but acceptable. Success is defined as control of infection, no loosening, and useful function. The factors associated with failures include, in particular, specific infections (Pseudomonas group, Streptococcus group D, Proteus group, and Escherichia coli), delay in operation and inadequate antibiotic dosage in the cement. PMID- 7021562 TI - Osteogenesis in bone grafts after short-term storage and topical antibiotic treatment. An experimental study in rats. AB - It has been shown in experimental animals that the living cells in a bone autograft can make an important contribution to osteogenesis. However, some common clinical techniques, such as the topical use of antibiotic powders on grafts or on the graft bed, are likely to damage or kill the cells. In this experimental study in rats, bone isografts dusted with chloramphenicol or methicillin powder or with Polybactrin spray before subcutaneous implantation produced little or no new bone over a period of two weeks whereas untreated, control grafts showed abundant osteogenesis, as did grafts pretreated with solutions of antibiotics. The effect of short-term storage of the grafts for 3 to 24 hours in air, saline or culture medium before implantation was also examined. Grafts stored in culture medium generally did as well as, or better than, fresh control grafts whereas immersion in saline inhibited osteogenesis. The importance of these results for clinical bone grafting is discussed. PMID- 7021563 TI - Cancer-associated human genetic diseases with defects in DNA repair. PMID- 7021564 TI - Presence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the normal and inflamed human parotid gland. An immunohistochemical study of 31 cases. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was analysed in the human parotid gland. Specimens of 31 normal and inflamed parotid glands were studied by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The presence of CEA could be demonstrated at the border of the acinar cells and the intercalated duct cells as well as in the undifferentiated duct cells as observed in chronic obstructive parotitis. These observations may explain the presence of CEA in normal human saliva and may provide a new basis for histogenetic interpretation of pathological lesions of the parotid gland, especially of the tumors of the salivary gland tissue. PMID- 7021565 TI - Epidermal growth factor initiates DNA synthesis after a time-dependent sequence of regulatory events in Swiss 3T3 cells--interactions with hormones and growth factors. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates the initiation of DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 cells after a constant prereplicative period of 14-15 hours. The final rate of initiation follows apparent first-order kinetics and can thus be quantified by a rate constant k. The value of k can be changed by later additions during the prereplicative period: When cells stimulated by a very low concentration of EGF, alone or with insulin, which results in a relatively low value of k, receive a saturating amount of EGF at 15 hours, then k is markedly increased after 4-6 hours. Insulin alone (up to 200 ng/ml) is unable to set the lag phase, but does have a synergistic effect on the value of k given by EGF. When added at 15 hours, insulin also increases K, but after a delay of 4-6 hours. In contrast, both hydrocortisone and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) inhibit the stimulation of DNA synthesis by EGF only during the first 8 hours of the prereplicative period of decreasing the value of k. Prostaglandin F2 alpha), which stimulates DNA synthesis in a similar mode as EGF, when added with EGF has a synergistic effect on DNA synthesis. This suggests that EGF and PGF2 alpha, nevertheless, act through different regulatory events. PMID- 7021566 TI - Stimulated secretion of esterified lipids and VLDL by perifused hepatocytes. AB - This report describes a new method for investigation of hepatic metabolism by perifusion of medium through a batch of hepatocytes isolated from fed rats. Oxygenated medium flows by gravity through a hepatocyte-containing glass column that is immersed in 37 degrees C water bath. The effluent medium is then collected in consecutive aliquots in test tubes on ice. The pattern of export of esterified lipids, glucose, and VLDL by isolated liver cells into the perifusate was examined under both basal conditions and response to the infusion of certain metabolic stimulants. Perifusion of medium containing sodium clofibrate (1 mM and 10 mM levels) through lipid-prelabeled cells augmented the secretion of radioactive triacylglycerols that reached a maximal rate by about 30 min after exposure to this agent. Measurement of effluent glucose levels after perifusion of hepatocytes with media lacking glucose but containing a gluconeogenic precursor revealed steadily declining concentrations despite the addition of glucagon or epinephrine. Concomitantly, glycogen granules disappeared from the cytoplasm, but the cells retained intact ultrastructure after the course of perifusion. Protein-prelabeled hepatocytes released labeled VLDL into the perifusate, and this release was enhanced by prolonged exposure of the cells to medium containing palmitate (0.80 mM). The hepatocyte perifusion system thus offers a simple, reproducible method whereby hepatocellular secretory processes can be sequentially examined under carefully controlled basal and stimulated conditions. PMID- 7021567 TI - Ultrastructure of multiple microtubule initiation sites in mouse neuroblastoma cells. AB - Morphologically undifferentiated and differentiated mouse neuroblastoma N115 and N18 cells were examined after serial sectioning by electron microscopy. A sizeable percentage of the cells revealed multiple centrioles, usually clustered together in the perinuclear area with 2 preferential locations, i.e. above and below the largest nuclear diameter. These results indicate that the multiple microtubule-organizing centres previously visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy with tubulin antibody in neuroblastoma cells recovering from Colcemid poisoning are most likely in majority related to multiple centrioles. This interpretation is further strengthened by experiments in which cells are first recorded in the fluorescence microscope and then after serial sectioning in the electron microscope. The results show that under optimal conditions immunofluorescence microscopy is able to visualize single centrioles. The possible biological significance of the combined electron and immunofluorescence microscopical results is discussed. PMID- 7021568 TI - Nuclear lamina assembly, synthesis and disaggregation during the cell cycle in synchronized HeLa cells. PMID- 7021569 TI - Studies of the rhizoplast from Naegleria gruberi. AB - A procedure utilizing homogenization and centrifugation in a low ionic strength buffer containing Triton X-100, has been used to facilitate the isolation of the rhizoplast from flagellates of Naegleria gruberi. This has enabled a study to be made of the physical and biochemical properties of this organelle. The rhizoplast is shown to be a proteinaceous structure with chemical properties similar to those of the molluscan gill ciliary rootlet. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gives a possible subunit molecular weight of approximately 240 000 Daltons. Studies with antisera raised against the rhizoplast fraction demonstrated the absence of rhizoplast antigens in amoeboid forms of Naegleria gruberi and is taken as evidence that the organelle is synthesized de novo during transformation of the amoeba to the flagellate form. Results of optical diffraction studies on isolated rhizoplasts are also presented. PMID- 7021570 TI - Application of a general equation for controlled pore glass permeation chromatography to an aggregating. Spherical virus. AB - A semi-empirical permeation chromatography equation relating pore size, species size and elution coefficient, which had previously been derived from chromatographic data of narrow-molecular-weight dextrans on controlled pore glass, was applied to the chromatography of an aggregating virus particle. A large number of chromatographic runs on columns of different pore sizes were combined and statistically evaluated. The resulting diameter distribution versus infectivity curve for the virus particle population shows distinct maxima at multiples of 50 nm. This unit size agrees with electron microscopical observations and confirms the applicability of the chromatography equation. PMID- 7021571 TI - Neutralization of adenovirus infectivity and cytotoxin in various cell cultures. AB - The neutralization of human adenovirus 5 and 11 by homologous and heterologous rabbit antisera was determined by CPE inhibition in various cell cultures (HeLa, HEL, Vero, secondary kidney cells from cercopithecus, rabbit, mouse), or in HeLa cells made impermissive by IUdR inhibition. The results concerning sensitivity and specificity were similar in all cases. Crude and purified virus showed similar neutralization. Immunofluorescence neutralization in HeLa cell cultures gave similar results; this method is suitable for demonstrating subtle immunological relations between adenovirus types. The neutralization of the early cytopathic factor ('cytotoxin') showed a pattern of cross-reactivity different from the virion; the cytotoxin was found to be active in part of the cell cultures only. It is concluded from the results that the virus function(s) blocked by antibody appear to be identical for the replicative cycle in infection and for the initiation of the abortive infection in non-permissive cells. Hence, either kind of cells may be used for neutralization tests. PMID- 7021572 TI - Solid-phase immunosorbent haemadsorption (SPIHAd): a new, rapid and simple test for rubella-specific IgM. AB - A new, rapid and highly sensitive test for rubella-specific IgM not requiring pretreatment of serum for removal of non-specific inhibitors and heteroagglutinins was developed and compared with sucrose density gradient fractionation/haemagglutination inhibition. The test was shown to be highly sensitive in detecting rubella-specific IgM resulting from natural infection, but gave variable results in detection of rubella vaccine-induced IgM. The advantages of the solid-phase immunosorbent haemadsorption (SPIHAd) test are its rapidity, inexpensiveness, the large number of untreated whole sera that can be handled at one time, and the lack of interference by rheumatoid factor and by rubella specific IgG. PMID- 7021573 TI - A modified technique for the detection of hepatitis B virus-specific DNA polymerase. AB - A modified and improved technique for the detection of hepatitis B virus-specific DNA polymerase activity is described. DNA polymerase is released from Dane particles by mixing samples with the detergent Nonidet P-40 and beta mercaptoethanol. After incubation of pretreated samples with a reaction mixture containing tritiated thymidine-methyl-5'-triphosphate (3H-TTP), DNA is precipitated onto a trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-treated paper. Unincorporated 3H TTP is then chromatographically eluted with a 5% TCA solution and precipitated counts are determined. A sample is considered positive for DNA polymerase if the incorporated counts are significantly higher than the counts of a group of negative control samples. The modifications include pretreatment of the paper with TCA, chromatographic elution of unincorporated 3H-TTP with TCA solution, prefiltration of the sample through bacteriological filters, and use of sound statistical methods for evaluation of data. These changes have led to a highly reproducible, reliable and sensitive technique. The coefficient of variation of negative control samples from various test runs was in the range of 2.7-8.5%. A linear relationship between incorporated counts and DNA polymerase concentration was shown. A total of 419 serum samples from asymptomatic HBsAg-carrying blood donors were tested. Twenty-three (5.5%) of these were found to contain detectable DNA polymerase activity. All 23 samples also contained HBeAg. PMID- 7021574 TI - Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for hepatitis B e antigen and antibody. AB - Horseradish peroxidase has been conjugated with human immunoglobulin containing antibody to hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe). This was used in a solid-phase 'sandwich' enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay designed for reading by eye, to test sera for HBeAg and anti-HBe. Optimum conditions for preparing the conjugate and for performing the test are described. Results of testing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive sera were compared with those obtained using a sensitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay. The enzyme assay provided a simple and sensitive method of testing for HBeAg and anti-HBe, and correlated well with the radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7021575 TI - Improved ELISA conditions for detection of plant viruses. AB - Clover yellow vein virus (CYVV) and homologous antisera were used to test effects of time and temperature on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in polystyrene substrate plates. Replicated lattice square and Youden square experimental designs were used to measure and account for variation in absorption values associated with sample position within polystyrene plates. Adsorption of coating antibody to polystyrene was relatively rapid, reaching optimum assay efficiency in 1 h at 5 degrees C when applied at 2.5 microgram/ml. Binding of antigen and enzyme-linked antibody (conjugate) in their respective steps during ELISA was also rapid. Incubation of antigen and conjugate for 2 h each was adequate to enable detection of 20 ng CYVV in a 100 microliter sample, but longer incubation of either reactant improved results. At this virus concentration, reduction in antigen incubation time by one-half could be compensated by doubling the conjugate incubation time and vice versa. Incubation of conjugates at 5 degrees C rather than 30 degrees C increased final ELISA readings (A400nm) more than two-fold. Substrate hydrolysis followed classic first order kinetics at room temperature. Greater efficiency of late antisera in ELISA was demonstrated by comparison of antisera produced relatively early and late during a rabbit's immune response. Alfalfa mosaic virus and peanut stunt virus with their homologous antisera were used to test the effects of antigen and conjugate incubation times for optimum assay efficiency. The results of these time course experiments with both viruses were similar to those obtained with CYVV. These time and temperature effects on ELISA should be applicable to most rabbit serum virus combinations. PMID- 7021576 TI - Detection of plant virus by using purified IgG in ELISA. AB - An optimized ELISA system for the detection of soybean mosaic virus was developed. Purified anti-soybean mosaic virus IgG, a secondary ovalbumin coat, and a clearly defined optimal concentration of enzyme-conjugated anti-soybean mosaic virus IgG are used. The test detects purified virus, or purified virus added to leaf and seed extracts, at a concentration of 2.5 ng/ml. Various buffers significantly affect detection sensitivity. PMID- 7021577 TI - Plasma glucose and insulin levels in relation to cardiovascular risk factors in children from a biracial population-the Bogalusa Heart Study. PMID- 7021578 TI - Fluorescein-isothiocyanated insulin interactions with human platelets. AB - The interactions of fluorescein-isothiocyanated porcine insulin (FITC-insulin) with human platelets were examined by a fluorescence polarization technique. The degree of polarization of the incubation mixture of FITC-insulin and platelets was changed by the ratio of bound to free insulin. This method enabled us to follow the time course of the reaction in the homogeneous assay system without separating the insulin-receptor complex, and it was shown to be useful in the study of insulin binding and dissociation. Insulin binding to trypsinized platelets was considered to be nonspecific, since this fraction remained relatively constant during the incubation period at 25 C. Specific binding was evaluated by subtracting the nonspecific binding from the binding to untreated platelets; specific binding reached a plateau at 60 min. Scatchard analysis was conducted by adding increasing amounts of FITC-insulin to a platelet suspension. Furthermore, some of the prerequisites in analyzing insulin-receptor interaction were examined by this method. PMID- 7021579 TI - Carbohydrate tolerance and insulin receptor binding in children with hypopituitarism: response after acute and chronic human growth hormone administration. PMID- 7021580 TI - Diminished effect of caloric restriction on control of hyperglycemia with increasing known duration of type II diabetes mellitus. AB - The effect of weight loss and caloric restriction on plasma glucose concentrations and insulin and glucagon secretion in response to oral and iv glucose and arginine infusions was examined in 8 subjects with type II diabetes mellitus of greater than 5 yr duration (long term diabetes). The findings of this study were compared to previous results in 10 subjects with similar degrees of obesity and fasting hyperglycemia but diabetes of less than 2 yr duration (recent onset diabetes; fasting plasma glucose, 267 +/- 16.5 mg/dl in long term diabetics and 259 +/- 8.0 mg/dl in recent onset diabetics) and to a control group of 8 similarly obese but nondiabetic subjects. Both diabetic groups had impaired insulin responses on initial and final tests compared to control subjects. Response to dietary therapy was significantly poorer in the diabetics of longer duration (final fasting plasma glucose, 175 +/- 18.9 mg/dl in long term vs. 119 +/- 6.2 mg/dl in recent-onset subjects; P less than 0.01) despite a similar degree of weight loss and duration of diet therapy in the 2 groups. This difference in glucose tolerance occurred despite similar final insulin and glucagon responses in the diabetic groups. Subjects with type II diabetes of long duration appear to have a relatively greater degree of insulin resistance than subjects with more recent onset of the disease. PMID- 7021581 TI - Growth hormone suppression of pancreatic polypeptide secretion. PMID- 7021582 TI - Constancy of somatomedin response to growth hormone treatment of hypopituitary dwarfism, and lack of correlation with growth rate. PMID- 7021583 TI - Decreased insulin removal contributes to hyperinsulinemia in obesity. AB - Peripheral plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations during oral glucose tolerance tests were measured in 7 severely obese and 12 normal weight nondiabetic subjects. The insulin and C-peptide levels as well as incremental areas under the plasma curves were 2--5 times higher in the obese subjects (P less than 0.05). The C-peptide to insulin molar ratios as well as the relation between incremental areas under the plasma curves of the two peptides were used as relative measures of the hepatic insulin extraction. They were both reduced in the obese subjects, which suggests that decreased insulin removal may contribute to the hyperinsulinemia of obesity. Sixty minutes after the oral glucose load, all of the obese patients had higher peripheral venous insulin concentrations compared with those found in normal subjects with similar C-peptide levels. This suggests that the reduced insulin extraction is not entirely explained by increased beta-cell secretory activity, but is also a specific consequence of obesity. PMID- 7021584 TI - Changes in the effects of insulin on human adipose tissue metabolism in hyperthyroidism. AB - The in vitro effects of insulin on glycerol release and glucose incorporation into neutral lipids (lipogenesis) were studied in segments of sc adipose tissue obtained from 9 control subjects and 11 patients with hyperthyroidism; 6 patients were reinvestigated after treatment. In untreated hyperthyroidism, there was a decreased sensitivity to the antilipolytic effect of insulin, since the dose response curve was shifted to the right; 250 microU/ml insulin were required for 50% of the maximal effect compared to 25 microU/ml in the controls. During antithyroid therapy, the dose-response curve normalized. Insulin caused a 25% increase in lipogenesis in the untreated hyperthyroid patients, but no consistent effect was seen in the control subject or in hyperthyroid patients during treatment. PMID- 7021585 TI - Serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated in Germany. AB - An examination of 21 strains of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from environmental and clinical sources in Germany revealed only serotypes A, D, and AD. Of these, 13 isolates were serotype A, 5 isolates were serotype D, and 3 isolates were identified as serotype AD. The absence of serotypes B or C confirms earlier reports from other European countries. PMID- 7021586 TI - Lack of clinical relevance in routine terminal subculturing of blood cultures. AB - The usefulness of performing final blind subcultures of previously negative blood cultures was evaluated over a 21-month period. From over 14,000 blood culture bottles blindly subcultured after 7 days of incubation, only 12 potentially significant organisms were found. The finding of these 12 organisms did not influence patient care since in 11 instances the same organism had already been reported from prior positive bottles and in 1 instance the patient had already died. These results suggest that blind 7-day subcultures are of minimal value. Other factors that need to be considered before eliminating the final subculture are presented. PMID- 7021587 TI - Characterization of some groups of gram-negative nonfermentative bacteria by the carbon source alkalinization technique. AB - A total of 541 gram-negative nonfermentative bacterial strains comprising 26 species and unclassified groups were characterized by routine diagnostic and carbon substrate alkalinization techniques. These microorganisms were tested for the ability to cause alkalinization of a basal medium on a total of 217 substrates. We found that 58 carbon substrates had some discriminatory potential. We also performed 30 routine diagnostic tests. The results of these studies were evaluated by numerical taxonomy techniques. A cluster analysis of the results by the Jaccard coefficient method identified 30 clusters at the 45% level. We identified 39 tests that separated most of the groups. Groups of similar organisms or organisms that were difficult to identify were analyzed, and tests that were differential were identified. Because of variability within the clusters, further studies utilizing deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid homologies should be undertaken. PMID- 7021588 TI - Preservation and transportation of bacteria by a simple gelatin disk method. AB - A wide range of bacterial species, e.g., Enterobacteriaceae and Neisseria, Streptococcus, Branhamella, Haemophilus, Gemella, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Bacteroides species, were successfully preserved for 1 to 5 years by our gelatin disk drying method. The beta-lactamase activity of penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae was retained for more than 3 years with this method. Good results were also obtained upon airmailing many strains of N. gonorrhoeae embedded in gelatin disks from Japan to the United States. Neisseria, Branhamella, Gemella, and Haemophilus organisms suspended in the reagent used in the preparation of the gelatin disks could be preserved for 6 to 12 months after freezing the cell suspensions at -20 degrees C. Furthermore, modification of our gelatin disk preservation method made possible the safe long- and short-distance transportation of clinical isolates. Our methods can be used by any small laboratory, since they require only conventional instruments and reagents. PMID- 7021589 TI - Method for avoiding false-positive results occurring in immunoglobulin M enzyme linked immunosorbent assays due to presence of both rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies. AB - In a double-sandwich immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay recently developed for the detection of IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma, the presence of either rheumatoid factor or antinuclear antibodies did not cause false-positive results. We recently noted, however, that in certain sera containing both rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies, false-positive results do occur. In experiments to define the nature of the cross-reaction, these false-positive results were not found to be a consequence of interactions of the sera with Toxoplasma antigens, but rather were due to interactions of rheumatoid factor-antinuclear antibodies with the Fc portion of IgG antibodies used for the enzyme conjugate. This was avoided when the F(ab')2 fragment of IgG was used for the conjugate. The use of such F(ab')2 conjugates did not affect the sensitivity and, thereby, the usefulness of the double-sandwich IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of acute acquired or congenital Toxoplasma infections. We concluded that F(ab')2 fragments of IgG antibodies can be used as enzyme conjugates to avoid false-positive results in sera positive for both rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies in either the conventional test or in our double-sandwich IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PMID- 7021590 TI - Mechanism of hyperreninemia in the potassium-depleted rat. AB - Although dietary potassium deficiency (KD) results in an increase in plasma renin activity (PRA), the mechanism of this effect has not been elucidated. In the present study, isolated kidneys from normal rats or from rats made KD by diet were perfused at constant pressure (120 mm Hg) with a Krebs-Ringer-Bicarbonate medium containing albumin. KD led to an increase in PRA (3.6 vs. 1.1 ng angiotensin I ml per h, P less than 0.01), which was associated with a decrease in macula densa (MD) fluid delivery as estimated by urine flow (70 vs. 166 microliters/min per g, P less than 0.005), and an increase in renal vascular resistance (RVR) as perfusion flow rate was decreased from 34 to 24 ml/min per g, P less than 0.005. The increase in PRA was independent of the MD because PRA could not be suppressed when macula densa delivery was increased by perfusing KD kidneys with hypooncotic albumin. Moreover, when kidneys were made nonfiltering by perfusing with hyperconcotic albumin, PRA remained increased in KD kidneys (8.1 vs. 3.5 ng angiotensin I ml per h, P less than 0.01) despite the absence of MD delivery. Because the increase in PRA in both filtering and nonfiltering KD kidneys was associated with an increase in RVR, filtering and nonfiltering kidneys were perfused with the vasodilator papaverine. Despite lower tissue K levels in KD kidneys (278 vs. 357 mu eq/g, P less than 0.01), RVR and PRA were normalized in both filtering and nonfiltering KD kidneys perfused with papaverine. In conclusion, PRA is increased in the KD isolated perfused kidney. This increase occurs independently of both the MD and of tissue K levels and is mediated by the renal vascular receptor. PMID- 7021591 TI - Thyroid hormone metabolism in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Effects of glucose, glucagon, and insulin. AB - Primary cultured adult rat hepatocytes were used to study regulation of thyroid hormone deiodination. Control studies showed that these cells survived for at leas 4 d, during which time they actively deiodinated both the phenolic (5'-) and non-phenolic (5-) rings of L-thyroxine (T4),3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine, and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine. Increasing the substate concentration caused a decrease in fractional iodide release and a corresponding increase in conjugation with sulfate and glucuronide. Propylthiouracil strongly inhibited the 5'-deiodinase activity and caused only a slight decrease in 5-deiodinase activity. Thus, these monolayer-cultured cells preserved many of the properties of normal hepatocytes. Incubation with combinations of insulin, glucagon, and/or glucose for 5 h showed that insulin stimulated T4 5'-deiodination, whereas glucagon inhibited the insulin stimulation but had no effect in the absence of insulin. Glucose had no effect and did not alter the effect of the hormones. The insulin-enhanced deiodination increased between 1 and 5 h, which suggests that the previous inability to demonstrate an insulin effect was due to the short survival of the in vitro liver systems used in those studies. The present data suggest that the inhibition of T4 5'-deiodination observed during fasting, and its restoration by refeeding, may be related to the effects of feeding on insulin and glucagon release rather than on glucose per se. PMID- 7021592 TI - A human neutrophil-dependent pathway for generation of angiotensin II. Purification of the product and identification as angiotensin II. AB - A human neutrophil lysosomal protease interacts at physiologic pH with a 62,000- 67,000-mol wt plasma protein substrate to generate a vasoactive, smooth muscle contracting "neutral" peptide. The peptide product of this system, previously designated the "neutral" peptide-generating pathway, was generated from purified components and purified by Bio-Gel P2 gel filtration and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with a 50--60% yield of starting activity. The purified peptide had an amino acid composition of Asx, Pro, Val, Ile, Tyr, Phe, His, Arg, a composition identical to that of angiotensin II. The peptide and synthetic angiotensin II each filtered at 48--52% bed volume on Bio-Gel P2, had an isoelectric point of Ph 7.8--8.1 at 4 degrees C, migrated 3 cm toward the cathode during pH 6.4 low-voltage paper electrophoresis, and had a retention time of 44.8 min during reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. In addition, the functional activity of the peptide at each purification step correlated with angiotensin II content determined by specific radioimmunoassay. The amino acid sequence of 25 nmol of the peptide was Asp-Arg-Val-Try-Ile-His-Pro Phe, the same covalent structure as that of angiotensin II. Therefore, under physiologic conditions, in the absence of renin or angiotensin converting enzyme, a human neutrophil neutral protease cleaves a plasma protein to yield angiotensin II. This pathway provides a mechanism through which the neutrophil may alter local blood flow during inflammation by generation of a potent vasoactive peptide. PMID- 7021593 TI - Role of thromboxane and prostacyclin in pulmonary vasomotor changes after endotoxin in dogs. AB - Cyclooxygenase inhibitors prevent the pulmonary vasomotor changes in response to low-dose endotoxin. We, therefore, explored the role of two highly vasoactive prostanoids, thromboxane A(2), a vasoconstrictor, and prostacyclin, a vasodilator, in the transient pulmonary vasoconstriction and subsequent loss of alveolar hypoxis vasoconstriction (AHPV) that follows endotoxin. AHPV was tested in the dog with a double-lumened endotracheal tube allowing ventilation of one lung with nitrogen as a hypoxic challenge while the other lung was ventilated with oxygen to maintain systemic oxygenation. Relative distribution of perfusion to the two lungs was assessed with intravenous (133)Xe and external scintillation detectors. The stable metabolites of thromboxane and prostacyclin, i.e., thromboxane B(2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F(1alpha) were measured in plasma with radioimmunoassay. 15 mug/kg i.v. of endotoxin induced no rise in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), but prevented AHPV so that the initial 33% (+/-2 SEM) decrease in perfusion to the hypoxic lung became only a 2% (+/-1) decrease. Circulating levels of thromboxane and prostacyclin concurrently rose (P < 0.01) from nondetectable levels to 380 pg/ml (+/-40) and 360 pg/ml (+/-130). 150 mug/kg of endotoxin induced a transient rise in PVR from 4.09 to 9.00 mm Hg/liter per min in association (r = 0.89, P < 0.01) with a sharp rise in thromboxane levels to 4,460 pg/ml (+/-1,350) whereas prostacyclin levels were elevated less markedly to 550 pg/ml (+/-400). Prostaglandin F(2alpha), another vasoconstrictor, was not elevated. 30 min after endotoxin when PVR was again base line and AHPV lost, thromboxane fell significantly (P < 0.01) to 2,200 pg/ml (+/-1,100) whereas prostacyclin remained elevated at 360 pg/ml (+/-135), a level similar to that seen when 15 mug/kg of endotoxin induced loss of AHPV. Indomethacin prevented the rise in thromboxane and prostacyclin after endotoxin as well as the changes in pulmonary vasomotor tone. Thus, a complex interaction between thromboxane and prostacyclin is involved in the pulmonary vasomotor response to low-dose endotoxin. PMID- 7021594 TI - Fluctuations of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and chlorine in single alpha and beta cells during glucose perifusion of rat islets. AB - To study the relationship between islet hormonal secretion and intracellular content of five elements, a rat islet perifusion technique was used in 24 paired experiments. Control and experimental chambers each containing 100 islets, received 2.8 and 16.7 mM D-glucose, respectively. Effluent was collected frequently for hormone measurements. At eight different time intervals form 0--30 min islets were fixed and prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Over 900 unobscured alpha and beta cells were selected by size and shape criteria. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis was applied to each single cell to determine relative content of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), and phosphorus (P). Experimental chambers exhibited typical acute (0--9 min) and second phase (10--30 min) insulin secretion in association with suppression of glucagon release after 10 min. At 2 min an abrupt upward K spike in both alpha and beta cells was followed at 3--4 min with a 1.5- to 2-fold rise of Ca and a reciprocal decrease in K, Na, Cl, and P. From 3 to 30 min biphasic insulin secretion. Reduced alpha cell calcium after 6 min preceded suppression of glucagon secretion. After 2 min K related inversely to Ca content in both alpha and beta cells. These results could not be reproduced when D-galactose was substituted for D-glucose. We conclude that sequential changes of Ca content that are reciprocally related to K are predictive of beta cell insulin release and suppression of alpha cell glucagon secretion. PMID- 7021595 TI - High frequency of histocompatibility antigens HLA-DR3 and DR4 in herpes gestations. AB - Herpes gestationis (HG) is a rare, autoimmune, vesiculobullous disease of pregnancy or the puerperium characterized by the deposition of complement (and occasionally immunoglobulin) within the lamina lucida of the cutaneous basement membrane zone. We have studied 23 patients with a history of HG, 20 of whom had typical immunofluorescence findings during the active phase of their disease. HLA typing showed HLA-DR3 in 61% of patients (controls 22%, Pc less than 0.005) and the combination of DR3, DR4 in 43% (controls 3%, Pc less than 0.00001). The most striking finding of this study was that the greatest risk of HG is associated with the concurrent presence of two specific histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR antigens. PMID- 7021596 TI - Nonepileptic spells in children. PMID- 7021597 TI - Which books are perceived as helpful in the training of psychotherapists? AB - Psychotherapy and Clinical Fellows responded to a survey that requested them to recommend books they thought were of substantial help in training the prospective clinician to do psychotherapy. Responses indicated that there was little agreement among clinicians with regard to which books are helpful. Also, a minority of clinicians felt that no books were helpful. Those books found most helpful are referenced. PMID- 7021598 TI - Biology and pathology of urinary tract infections. PMID- 7021599 TI - Candidal infections and populations of Candida albicans in mouths of diabetics. AB - The prevalence of oral candidosis and the frequency of isolation of Candida albicans and its density and distribution have been determined in the mouths of 50 patients with diabetes mellitus and 50 healthy volunteers matched for age, sex, dental status and smoking habits. Three of the diabetic patients were found to have a chronic oral candidosis. According to an imprint culture technique, the oral carrier rate and density of C albicans were both higher in the diabetic group as a whole than in the control subjects. Smoking was associated with an increased prevalence of the yeast in diabetes mellitus. Diabetics wearing dentures had higher candidal density than those without a prosthesis. No differences in candidal status could be detected according to the degree of control of diabetes, mode of treatment, duration of diabetes or the patient's age. Local factors such as smoking and the presence of dentures, particularly when worn continuously, interact with diabetes mellitus in promoting candidal colonisation of the mouth. Attention to these predisposing factors could reduce the incidence of thrush in diabetics. PMID- 7021600 TI - Cultural method for large-scale screening for Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection. AB - Idoxuridine-treated McCoy cells grown as monolayers in 96 well microplates provide a convenient method for the isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis. Staining of infected monolayers with periodic acid-Schiff reagent (PAS) allows easy recognition of C trachomatis inclusions without the need for dark-ground microscopy. By this method 384 clinical specimens can be examined concurrently. It is sufficiently sensitive to form the basis of a chlamydial culture service for patients attending Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Clinics. PMID- 7021601 TI - Distribution of fibronectin in the rectal mucosa. AB - Fibronectin is a glycoprotein of high molecular weight present in tissues, plasma, and tissue fluids. Its distribution in the rectal mucosa was studied by immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase techniques using a monospecific antiserum. Immunofluorescent reactivity for fibronectin was present in the normal rectal mucosa of control subjects in epithelial cells, on basement membranes, and as a loose cribriform network of extracellular reactivity in the lamina propria that codistributed with histochemically demonstrable reticulin. Fibronectin was demonstrated immunoelectromicroscopically on collagen fibres, on smooth muscle cells and within and between columnar epithelial cells. In the rectal mucosa of patients with colitis with marked inflammatory changes, fibronectin appeared thickened and more prominent when present on basement membranes and as sparse strands between inflammatory cells infiltrating the lamina propria. In patients with longstanding colitis and less inflammatory cell infiltration there was a diffuse increase in fibronectin which was densely and uniformly present throughout the lamina propria. Fibronectin is a structural component of the rectal mucosa and changes in its distribution may form an important part of the local reaction to inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 7021602 TI - Localisation of embryonic prealbumin in formalin-fixed human fetal and adult tissue. AB - The presence of embryonic prealbumin (EPA) has been confirmed in fetal fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and distal tubular epithelial cells by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. EPA has often been found also in the stromal cells of benign and malignant mesodermal tumours, but not in the epithelial cells of benign and malignant epithelial tumours. That EPA is not an exclusive product of neoplastic mesodermal cells is demonstrated by our finding of EPA in fibroblasts of granulation tissue, irradiated fibroblasts, and in distal tubular epithelial cells of miscellaneous adult kidneys. PMID- 7021603 TI - Distribution of HLA class 1 antigens in normal human tissue and in mammary cancer. AB - With a monoclonal antibody which reacts with all HLA class 1 antigens it was found that these antigens are not uniformly distributed in all nucleated cells. Rather HLA class 1 antigens are restricted in their distribution to lymphoid cells, endothelial cells of small vessels, and certain epithelia including mammary duct cells. These antigens were not detected on hepatocytes, specialised cells of the central nervous system, or on the tumour cells of 8 out of 17 human mammary cancers. Given the hypothesis that T cells only respond to foreign antigens on cells which share a common major histocompatibility antigen, these results imply that the T cell responses to viral infections of hepatocytes--for example, hepatitis B virus and the CNS--for example, subacute sclerosing encephalitis, are mediated through an antigen system other than HLA class 1. The absence of HLA class 1 antigen on many mammary cancer cells may be of prognostic significance if T cell modulation of tumour growth is mediated through this class of antigens. PMID- 7021604 TI - Carriage of group B streptococci in the upper respiratory tract. PMID- 7021605 TI - Clinical pharmacology for pediatricians. I. Pancreatic enzyme preparations, with special reference to enterically coated microspheres of pancrelipase. PMID- 7021606 TI - Clinical pharmacy functions in ambulatory patient care. AB - A functional interpretation of clinical pharmacy as an implementing mechanism for extending the objectives and responsibilities of clinical pharmacology in ambulatory patient care is presented. Evidence is given to support the effectiveness of the clinical pharmacist in assisting primary care physicians with the design of optimal drug regimens and evaluating and managing patients on chronic drug therapy. Opportunities for the clinical pharmacist to carry out long term drug trials and participate in the design and execution of epidemiological drug studies are also discussed. The clinical pharmacist can make important contributions to ambulatory patient care in areas of drug treatment and evaluation by working in concert with primary care physicians and clinical pharmacologists. PMID- 7021607 TI - The effects of insulin on vasoconstrictor responses in pithed rats. AB - Pressor responses to spinal sympathetic outflow and selected vasoactive agents were examined in control and diabetic Wistar-Kyoto pithed rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan (50 mg/kg). One week after the diabetogen, some of the rats were treated with one daily subcutaneous injection of Lente insulin (2 U/100 Gm) for five weeks. All rats were pithed at six weeks after alloxan. Vasoconstrictor responses to spinal sympathetic outflow, serotonin, norepinephrine, tyramine, and angiotensin were reduced in diabetic rats as compared to their age-matched controls. Administration of insulin caused only partial normalization of these responses. Nondiabetic rats given insulin exhibited vascular responsiveness similar to the treated diabetic group of animals. Blood pressures and heart rates were also found to be similar between the insulin-treated groups and significantly less than control. The finding that insulin does not produce complete normalization of vasoconstrictor responsiveness in diabetic rats may be relevant to the reduced blood pressure observed following insulin treatment. PMID- 7021608 TI - Hypotensive effects of xipamide in essential hypertension. Crossover comparison with hydrochlorothiazide. AB - Twenty-nine patients with mild to severe essential hypertension were treated with titrated doses of xipamide, before or after treatment with 50 and , if necessary, 100 mg hydrochlorothiazide in a 13- to 25-week open crossover study. Based on supine diastolic pressure readings taken at weekly intervals, xipamide controlled hypertension in all subjects: 17 achieved control with a daily dose of 5 mg; seven, with 10 mg; and five, with 20 mg. In contrast, eight of the 29 patients could not be controlled with 100 mg/day hydrochlorothiazide. The only significant biochemical change observed was an increase in serum uric acid in 12 patients after hydrochlorothiazide but in only six patients after xipamide. Natriuresis was comparable after both drugs; 5 and 10 mg xipamide were as effective as 50 and 100 mg hydrochlorothiazide. The only side effect noted, cramping due to hypokalemia, occurred during treatment with hydrochlorothiazide, but not xipamide, and was reversed by potassium supplements. PMID- 7021609 TI - Special considerations with the elderly client. AB - The nationwide increase in the size of the elderly population is resulting in a significant increase in the number of speech--language and hearing clinicians who work with the elderly client. Certain considerations are required in working with this patient population, among the more important of which is the fact that the speech--language and hearing clinician may need to react to a medical emergency. Such medical problems as angina pectoris, heart attack, stroke, epileptic seizure, diabetic coma, and insulin reaction are discussed with regard to (1) the symptoms that warn of the emergency, and (2) the steps to be taken by the clinician in order to deal with the problem both safely and promptly. PMID- 7021610 TI - Dermatopsychosomatics: classification, physiology, and therapeutic approaches. AB - Psychosomatic dermatology is practiced in some manner by every dermatologist. In spite of this, there has been a virtual void in the literature from the middle 1950s until the present time. The relationship to physiologic phenomena, as well as a classification of psychosomatic dermatology, is reviewed. Dermatologic patients are divided into three groups: the primary group in which the emotional disorder is the primary disease and the cutaneous disorder merely part of its expression; the secondary group in which the basic cause is organic but does not affect the person emotionally in various degrees; and the collaborative group in which the organic causes and emotional disorders combine in different degrees to cause the skin disorder. This paper discusses anxiety and depression along with methods of dermatologic psychosomatic therapy consisting of antianxiety drugs, especially the benzodiazepines, antidepressants, hypnosis, behavior therapy, and the doctor/patient rapport. We conclude that one of the objectives for every dermatologist is to treat the entire patient-the psyche along with the soma. PMID- 7021611 TI - Cosmetic and dermatology: bleaching creams. AB - Bleaching creams containing hydroquinone are modestly effective in treating some pigmentary disorders. In 2.0% to 5.0% concentrations, hydroquinone is generally quite safe; allergic contact dermatitis may rarely necessitate stopping therapy. Achieving successful results depends on diligent, long-term treatment by patients who have carefully instructed in methods of use as well as protection from sun exposure. Supplemental use of topical corticosteroids, salicylic acid, or tretinoin, under a physician's supervision, improves the results considerably. However, even with the most persistent and careful management, most patients experience at best only partial improvement. PMID- 7021612 TI - Failure of systemically administered corticosteroids to suppress UVB-induced delayed erythema. AB - The effects of systemic corticosteroids on ultraviolet-induced delayed erythema were observed in a double-blind controlled study. The backs of human volunteers were irradiated with ultraviolet B (UVB) sources, and subsequent response was observed while ingesting prednisone (80 mg by mouth for 3 days) of placebo. Prednisone given 24 hours before, immediately after, 24 hours or 48 hours after exposure did not increase the redness, edema, or tenderness of the exposed sites. PMID- 7021613 TI - Taro Kawamura, M.D., D.M.Sc. PMID- 7021614 TI - Subepidermal bullous disease and glomerulonephritis in a child. AB - The infant described in this report had been generalized, subepidermal bullous eruption and concurrent glomerulonephritis. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrating deposition of immunoglobulin and complement in the skin and kidney suggest a common pathogenesis for the two disorders. The elevation of this infant's serum immunoglobulins and depression of serum complement support an immunologic process as the likely mechanism. It is important for clinicians caring for children with bullous skin diseases to search for evidence of renal disease and complement abnormalities. PMID- 7021615 TI - Franco Flarer, M.D. PMID- 7021616 TI - Effects of adding potassium iodate to milk before UHT treatment. ii. iodate induced proteolysis during subsequent aseptic storage. AB - The addition of potassium iodate to milk at 9.1 mM before UHT treatment resulted in rapid breakdown of alpha s- and beta-casein during subsequent aseptic storage. Maximum rates of proteolysis were observed at storage temperatures of 37-45 degrees C, but the reaction was strongly inhibited by storage at 55 degrees C and by increased holding time at 140 degrees C during the UHT sterilization. Iodate induced proteolysis of purified alpha s1-and beta-casein was detected only with solutions in the serum phase of raw milk; no proteolysis occurred with solutions in 0.1 M-phosphate buffer (pH 6.7) or in milk ultrafiltrate, irrespective of whether whey proteins and lactose were also added. Thus, it appears that iodate increased the activity of one or more proteolytic components which were present in milk and were unable to pass through an ultrafiltration membrane. However, it is unlikely that iodate acts by increasing the activity of proteinases produced by contaminant bacteria; the presence of iodate did not affect the activity of a proteolytic enzyme isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens PM-1. Furthermore, iodate promoted protein breakdown during storage of milk drawn aseptically from the cow and subsequently UHT processed. It is suggested that iodate increased the activity of native milk proteinases, other than plasmin which was inactivated by UHT treatment, possibly by preventing thiol-disulphide exchange reactions during the heating process. PMID- 7021617 TI - Review of the progress of dairy science: bovine mastitis: milk compositional changes and related diagnostic tests. PMID- 7021618 TI - Thermal injury and recovery of selected microorganisms. PMID- 7021619 TI - Subtherapeutic tetracycline effects on recovery patterns of calves after Salmonella typhimurium challenge. AB - Holstein calves were maintained on a subtherapeutic dose of chlortetracycline to determine if an oxytetracycline therapy, given after a Salmonella typhimurium challenge, would be compromised by the previous subtherapy. Two of the four groups of seven calves were maintained on a subtherapeutic amount of chlortetracycline. All calves then were challenged with Salmonella typhimurium, and with the onset of clinical symptoms one group with and one group without subtherapy were given a therapeutic dose of oxytetracycline. The two groups receiving a therapeutic dosage of oxytetracycline had the most quickly declining body temperatures and the highest average body weights post-challenge. Two calves died in the group receiving no antibiotic treatments, and one calf died in the group receiving only the subtherapeutic treatment. There were no differences in postchallenge body temperatures or body weight changes between subtherapeutic and nonsubtherapeutic groups of calves. The conclusion was that the subtherapeutic dosing of chlortetracycline did not affect the therapeutic treatment effects of oxytetracycline after a Salmonella typhimurium challenge. PMID- 7021620 TI - 4-META opaque resin--a new resin strongly adhesive to nickel-chromium alloy. AB - 1) A new adhesive opaque resin containing a reactive monomer, 4-methacryloxy ethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META), was prepared, and its application to thermosetting acrylic resin veneer crowns was studied. 2) The 4-META opaque resin was applied to a variety of nickel-chromium dental alloy specimens which had undergone different treatment, and endurance tests were conducted to evaluate the durability of adhesion. 3) Stable adhesion against water penetration was achieved with metal surfaces first etched with HCl and then oxidized with HNO3. A bond strength of 250 kg/cm2 was maintained even after immersion in water at 37 degrees C for 30 wk or at 80 degrees C for ten wk. Furthermore, this value did not decrease even after the specimens were subjected to 500 thermal cycles. 4) The 4 META opaque resin studied can eliminate the necessity for retention devices on metal castings. 5) The smooth 4-META opaque resin should have no adverse effects on gingivae. PMID- 7021621 TI - Topical application of ethyl ether to recurrent herpes simplex. PMID- 7021622 TI - DNA synthesis in cultured epidermal cells from psoriatic and normal skin. PMID- 7021623 TI - Cercaria dermatitis. PMID- 7021624 TI - Three cases of prurigo pigmentosa. PMID- 7021625 TI - Mycetoma, a review of seventeen cases seen at the Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, Thailand. PMID- 7021626 TI - Congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers. A possible explanation of radially-pronounced involvement of the nail in this disorder. PMID- 7021627 TI - Incidence of lupus erythematosus in Nigeria. PMID- 7021628 TI - Multiple larval tick infestation of man. A case of infesting larvae seeming to be pustules with a red halo. PMID- 7021629 TI - Two forms of adenosine deaminase in pig epidermis. PMID- 7021630 TI - Scanning electron microscopic studies on dermal skin and connective tissue disorders. PMID- 7021631 TI - Effects of PEEP on pulmonary mechanics and oxygen transport in the late stages of acute pulmonary failure. AB - In 23 patients with advanced stages of acute respiratory failure, the value of various parameters for estimating the efficiency of ventilation with PEEP were analysed. PEEP increments of 1 cm of water corresponded to an increase of PaO2 of 2 mmHg. The cardiac output decreased from 8.3 +/- 0.3 l/min mean value at ZEEP to 7.3 +/- 0.3 L/min at a PEEP of +15 cm H2O. Corresponding to this, the oxygen transport showed a decrease from 1042 +/- 62 ml/min to 894 +/- 115 ml/min. The total compliance of 34 ml/cm H2O at ZEEP is already significantly reduced (a sign of the severe respiratory failure) and falls still further at a PEEP of 15 cm H2O to 22 ml/cm H2O. No notable recruitment of non ventilated alveolar spaces can be expected, in spite of the slight increase in the arterial oxygen tension. Taking the "best PEEP" (PEEP with maximum oxygen transport) as a reference point, arterial and mixed venous oxygen tension increase, the cardiac output decreases above this point and the total respiratory compliance shows no obvious changes. In the advanced stage of severe respiratory failure one cannot use the mixed venous oxygen tension or the compliance to find the best PEEP. The danger of barotrauma by PEEP ventilation in cases of significantly reduced compliance has to be considered in the choice of the ventilation pattern. The arterial oxygen tension may lead to a wrong estimation of the total efficiency of PEEP. PMID- 7021632 TI - Controlled ventilation with best positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and high level PEEP in acute respiratory failure (ARF). AB - We assessed hemodynamics, total lung and chest wall compliance (CT) and gas exchange using two different levels of PEEP during controlled ventilation in two different groups of patients with ARF; in the first group (Group 1, 12 patients) chest X-Rays showed a symmetrical pattern of bilateral alveolar infiltrates; in the second group (Group 2, 5 patients) chest X-Ray showed a asymmetrical pattern with unilateral lobar consolidation. A first level of PEEP (best PEEP = 9 +/- 3 cm H2O) produced an improvement in CT and in gas exchange with a slight decrease in cardiac index in both groups; but improvement in PaO2 (from 64 +/-33 to 122 +/ 76 torr, p less than 0.001 in Group 1, and from 76 +/- 39 to 91 +/- 33 torr, p less than 0.05 in Group 2) and decrease in QS/QT were not as well marked in Group 2 as i Group 1. A second level of PEEP (high level PEEP: 20 +/- 4 cm H2O) produced a sharp decrease in CT and required hemodynamic support in each case (blood volume expansion with or without Dopamine infusion) to maintain cardiac index within a normal range. In Group 1 this high level PEEP produced a greater improvement in gas exchange (PaO2 increased from 122 +/- 76 to 194 +/- 76, p less than 0.01) but in Group 2 it had a deleterious effect, producing a decrease in PaO2 (from 91 +/- 33 to 76 +/- 41 torr, p less than 0.05), and an increase in QS/QT; with this higher PEEP we also noted an increase of alveolar dead space in Group 2. This study demonstrates the efficiency of high levels of PEEP to reduce QS/QT in ARF but also shows its limitations: namely reduction in cardiac performance and in efficiency if the damage to one lung is significantly more pronounced than that to the other lung. PMID- 7021634 TI - Acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning. PMID- 7021633 TI - Effect of PEEP on gas exchange, pulmonary mechanics, and hemodynamics in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). AB - The effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on a value resulting in maximum static effective compliance was studied in 13 artificially ventilated patients suffering from adult respiratory distress syndrome. Applying positive end expiratory pressure in this manner resulted in improvement of oxygen delivery and left ventricular stroke work. In the patients with high venous admixture under zero end-expiratory pressure cardiac output increased but in those with moderate pre-existing venous admixture cardiac output decreased. We conclude that the response to positive end-expiratory pressure depends on the importance of the venous admixture. Artificial ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure on a level resulting in maximum static effective compliance is indicated in cases with high venous admixture. PMID- 7021635 TI - Citation for the Award of Merit to Mr. Eric M. Bishop. PMID- 7021636 TI - Citation for Honorary Fellowship to Dr. David E. Rogers. PMID- 7021637 TI - Citation for the William J. Gies Award to Dr. Miles R. Markley. PMID- 7021638 TI - American College of Dentists orientation lecture for candidates for Fellowship. PMID- 7021639 TI - Relaxation and musical programming as means of reducing psychological stress during dental procedures. AB - Relaxation and musical programming as techniques designed to reduce stress during operative dental procedures were evaluated with a number of different measures. The results indicate that relaxation is an effective method of reducing patient anxiety. However, the results with musical programs suggest that music, at best, results in a placebo effect. This effect is similar to that of administering an inactive drug that produces beneficial effects in some patients some of the time. Relaxation appears to be a consistent method of reducing stress. Although the relaxation technique is preferred more by women that by men, it is effective with both sexes. PMID- 7021640 TI - Council update on "adhesion" and "adhesive" materials. Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. PMID- 7021641 TI - The presidents. William Wallace Walker, 1891-1892. PMID- 7021642 TI - Lymphocyte responsiveness to Dermatophagoides farinae extract in mite-sensitive patients: effect of immunotherapy on cellular proliferative response and specific immunoglobulin E antibody (RAST score). AB - Lymphocyte responsiveness in vitro and serum levels of specific IgE antibody to mite extracts (Dermatophagoides farinae) were evaluated in mite-sensitive asthmatic patients and in nonatopic individuals. Lymphocytes from untreated mite sensitive patients (n = 16) responded to mite extracts with greater 3H-thymidine uptake than those from nonatopic individuals (n = 20; p less than 0.01). Specific IgE antibody and total IgE levels were significantly higher in mite-sensitive patients than those in nonatopic individuals. These results suggest that mite sensitive patients respond to mite allergen with exaggerated lymphocyte proliferation as well as with enhanced specific IgE antibody production. Lymphocyte response to mite extracts was significantly lower in the patients with long-term dust immunotherapy than that in the untreated patients (p less than 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the total IgE and the specific IgE antibody levels between them. Lymphocyte response to Candida albicans was not significantly affected in these patients. These results suggest that as far as mite allergy is concerned, there is some difference in the effect of immunotherapy between lymphocyte proliferative response and specific IgE antibody to mite allergen. PMID- 7021643 TI - Assessment techniques for childhood depression: a critical appraisal. PMID- 7021644 TI - Epilepsy and psychopathology in childhood: a controlled study with carbamazepine. PMID- 7021645 TI - The adaptive function of the menopause: a devil's advocate position. AB - The menopause may be adaptive, in that it minimizes exposure to endogenous estrogen. However, ageist and sexist assumptions have distorted society's perceptions so that the menopause has come to be viewed as a "deficiency disease," best treated through the routine prescription of estrogen replacement therapy. Recent evidence suggests that menopausal discomfort has been exaggerated, and that most reported symptoms are not directly attributable to declining estrogen levels but to other biologic and social variables. A change in perspective might have the beneficial consequence of providing women with effective, and probably safer, forms of therapeutic intervention. PMID- 7021646 TI - Effect of age on active and inactive plasma renin in normal subjects and in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The effect of age on the levels of active and trypsin-activatable inactive plasma renin was examined in 41 normal subjects and 54 patients with essential hypertension, during recumbency and after stimulation with furosemide and ambulation. Active renin levels in supine subjects and patients decreased with age. Inactive renin levels did not change with age in normal subjects, whereas in hypertensive patients they decreased with age. Following stimulation with furosemide and ambulation, the levels of active renin increased but the responsiveness to stimulus decreased with age in both groups. In contrast, inactive renin levels slightly increased after furosemide administration and ambulation, resulting in increased proportion of active to total renin. These data show that an acute stimulation with furosemide and ambulation affects mainly the active form of plasma renin, and the effect of age on inactive plasma renin in normal subjects may be different from that in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 7021647 TI - The foot health status and certain complications of insulin regulated diabetics. PMID- 7021648 TI - Foreign body granuloma bone cyst: a case report. PMID- 7021649 TI - Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in a young woman: the interdisciplinary approach. PMID- 7021650 TI - Selfobject disorders and psychoanalytic theory: a historical perspective. PMID- 7021651 TI - Role of the autonomic nervous system in the mediation of LHA electrical stimulation-induced effects on insulinemia and glycemia. AB - The short-term effects of bilateral electrical stimulation of the lateral component of the lateral hypothalamic/medial forebrain bundle area (LHA) on peripheral plasma levels of glucose (G), immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and glucagon (IRG) were measured in food-derived, anesthetized rats in the presence of continuous low i.v. glucose infusion. In normal rats LHA stimulation induced a rapid but moderate rise in IRI in the presence of a simultaneous rapid rise in G. At the end of the 5 min stimulation period the glucose-induced IRI response was clearly attenuated. In rats receiving a continuous phentolamine (i.v.) infusion, the rapid IRI response was much larger in spite of only marginal rises of G. These findings suggest that electrical LHA stimulation activates two opposing mechanisms on IRI secretion, an excitatory component which is masked in normal animal by a sympathetic alpha-adrenergic inhibitory component. In an attempt to define the mediating pathway of this LHA stimulation-induced IRI excitatory component, both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system were pharmacologically and surgically manipulated, all in the presence of phentolamine infusion. Neither bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, atropine, propranolol infusion, nor spinal cord transection at T1 were able to block the IRI response. The findings are consistent with a humoral mediation of this IRI stimulatory response and support the existence of a lateral hypothalamic or hypophyseal factor which is released by LHA stimulation. The implications and physiological role of the LHA in the neural control of insulin secretion and ingestive behavior are discussed. PMID- 7021652 TI - A surgical complication: allergic reaction to bone wax. PMID- 7021653 TI - [Benign metastasizing leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021654 TI - Chemoreceptors and their reflexes with special reference to the fetus and newborn. AB - Such evidence as there is indicates that hypoxia excites peripheral chemoreceptors in the adult by causing a fall in the rate of oxidative phosphorylation and that this process is potentiated by a rise in PCO2 which most probably acts by altering intracellular pH. What is unclear is whether this occurs in Type I cells or in sensory fibres and whether either should be regarded as the primary receptor. There is also uncertainty about the role of noradrenaline and dopamine, which are stored and presumably secreted in the chemoreceptor complex: are they, respectively, excitatory and inhibitory transmitters or do they modulate an underlying chemoreceptive process? In the fetus, the carotid body chemoreceptors are largely insensitive despite an adequate chemical stimulus; they are activated at or shortly after birth by an unknown process and thereafter, in the newborn period, they appear to be involved in sensing chemical changes in arterial plasma and assisting in respiratory stability but there is some evidence that they only become fully effective some days or even weeks after birth. There is now compelling evidence that important if not unique central chemoreceptors, sensitive to changes in pH of brain extracellular fluid are located superficially in the ventro-lateral part of the medulla in the adult but in the fetus it appears that these receptors or their afferent discharge are in some way inhibited such that respiratory activity when it occurs is driven largely by supra-pontine influences, the so-called 'automatic' component of respiratory control being largely if not entirely suppressed. At birth, this component is clearly activated since breathing is continuous and sensitive to chemical stimulation. It is probable that in a proportion of newborn, activation of this component is either imperfect or delayed which would lead to respiratory instability or even failure and this would be more likely to occur in quiet sleep than in rapid-eye-movement sleep or with the newborn awake. A more complete understanding of the changes in sensitivity of the central and peripheral chemoreceptors and their reflexes at birth is required before the reasons for inadequate respiratory control in the newborn period can be appreciated. PMID- 7021655 TI - Effects of partial lower aortic obstruction in the pregnant ewe on fetal arterial pressure, heart rate, plasma renin activity and prostaglandin E concentration. AB - Fetal haemodynamic changes, together with changes in the fetal renin-angiotensin system and in circulating concentration of prostaglandin E, were studied in chronically prepared fetal sheep before, during and after asphyxia induced acutely by maternal aortic occlusion in last third of gestation. A total of thirty experiments were performed in seventeen animals. Severe fetal asphyxia (fall in PO2 greater than 30%) was associated with transient fall in heart rate and rise in blood pressure but not with changes in plasma concentrations of either prostaglandin E or renin substrate. Fetal plasma renin activity increased to 140% of control values during moderate asphyxia and to 400% during severe asphyxia. We conclude that the fetal renal angiotensin-renin system is activated by asphyxia. PMID- 7021656 TI - Vision care for the nation's elderly: a plea for policy direction. AB - Eye care services are largely provided by two professional groups--optometrists and ophthalmologists. Professional rivalry between the two exists mainly because both are in direct competition for patients with routine diagnostic and treatment needs. With the advent of Medicare and Medicaid, a substantial amount of health care services rendered to the elderly has been financed by the federal government. The use by the elderly of eye care services and the cost of such services are influenced by Medicare reimbursement policies. Medicare specifically excludes routine eye care and refractive services, but includes diagnosis and treatment of ocular disease. This article examines the impact of eye care benefit exclusions and restrictions and their effect upon the use of ophthalmological and optometric services by the elderly. PMID- 7021657 TI - Bibliography: health policies and the aging. PMID- 7021658 TI - Issues in graduate medical education financing. AB - An estimated $1.4 billion was spent for stipends and fringe benefits for residents and fellows in 1978--79. No data are available on costs for supervision by teaching faculty and residency support, so it is impossible to realistically estimate total graduate medical education costs. Currently, the major source of support is reimbursement for medical services. This article reviews alternative approaches to graduate medical education financing and finds no compelling reason to shift from the present system. PMID- 7021659 TI - The utility of human filarial serum in the detection of circulating antigen. AB - The utility of human filarial serum immunoglobulin (FSI) in detecting circulating antigen in filarial sera was studied by counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) and the indirect haemagglutination test (IHAT). CIEP was found to be better than IHAT. 23 out of 30 sera from persons with microfilaeremia and one of 30 clinical cases of filariasis, but none of the normal sera or sera from those with helminths other than filariae, showed the presence of circulating filarial antigen in CIEP. FSI was fractionated by DEAE- Sephadex A-50 column chromatography and the antibody active in CIEP was found to be IgG in nature. PMID- 7021660 TI - [Microstructure of porcelain fused to metal crowns at the labial cervical margin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021661 TI - [Studies on the repaired filling: composite resin to composite resin (part 2) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021662 TI - Mechanical and hydraulic analogies in Harvey's discovery of the circulation. PMID- 7021663 TI - Vindicating the minister's medical role: Cotton Mather's concept of the nishmath chajim and the spiritualization of medicine. PMID- 7021664 TI - Early forensic medicine in England: the Angus murder trial. PMID- 7021665 TI - The founding of the Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry; or, what was wrong with the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease? PMID- 7021666 TI - Hyacum, et lues venerea. New Haven, Yale Medical Library, Clements C. Fry Collection. PMID- 7021667 TI - Cotton Mather's indebtedness to Marcello Malpighi. PMID- 7021668 TI - A footnote on the circulation of the blood: Joseph Colston and Harvey's discovery in 1642. PMID- 7021669 TI - Smallpox in Provincetown, Massachusetts, 1872-73. PMID- 7021670 TI - Probability paper analysis of flow cytofluorometric measurements of cellular deoxyribonucleic acid content. AB - A graphic analysis of cellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) histograms obtained by flow cytofluorometry is described. This technique utilizes probability paper that graphs data in cumulative percentile form. From this graphic representation, individual normal distributions contributing to the histogram may be isolated and statistically describe. G0G1 and G2M distributions are independently described and S phase is fit to 1--5 overlapping normal distributions as dictated by the analysis results. This technique offers several advantages, including relatively simple mathematical calculations and few assumptions or restraints placed on the analysis. It has proved to be useful in analyzing proliferating and nonproliferating populations as well as distributions with unusual findings such as debris or aberrant DNA contents. PMID- 7021671 TI - A rapid method for immunofluorescent staining of paraffin sections using iron containing protein A microspheres. AB - A method to rapidly perform immunofluorescence or light microscopic staining on formalin-fixed paraffin sections has been devised utilizing magnetic albumin microspheres containing Staphylococcal protein A. Because the protein A constituent of the microspheres has the property of binding the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) class antibodies, the microspheres can be used to rapidly bind antigen-antibody complexes by the Fc portion of the antibody. Deparaffinized sections were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antibody (IgG fractions) by standard techniques, after which the protein A microspheres were layered over the sections. Distinct fluorescence of sections was noted with the addition of the microspheres, whereas only autofluorescence was present with direct staining alone. The microspheres were also visualized by light microscopy by a subsequent Prussian blue reaction, staining the Fe3O4 within the microsphere matrix. This method represents a more rapid method for identifying antigens in tissues embedded in paraffin than has previously been reported. PMID- 7021672 TI - Retrospective demonstration of endogenous peroxidase activity in plastic-embedded tissues conventionally prepared for electron microscopy. AB - A procedure is described that permits retrospective demonstration of intracellular endogenous peroxidase activity in tissue conventionally prepared for electron microscopy, i.e., doubly fixed with aldehydes and osmium tetroxide, "stained" in block with uranyl acetate, and embedded in epoxy resins. Using sodium ethoxide, plastic was removed from 1 micrometer sections; subsequently, the sections were incubated for 20 min in diaminobenzidine solution (44 mg/100 ml) made in acetate-citric acid buffer, pH 5.6, with 0.01% hydrogen peroxide. After this treatment, the sections were rinsed, dehydrated, and mounted. Cell types known to have endogenous peroxidase activity (red blood cells, macrophages, and retinal pigment epithelium cells in our preparations) show positive granules in their cytoplasm--control sections were uniformly negative. This method, which could also be used prospectively, cytochemically demonstrates endogenous peroxidase activity upon optical microscopical examination of the treated tissues; correlative electron microscopic studies may be performed on the same tissue block, or even adjacent sections. PMID- 7021673 TI - Controlled clinical trial of a new non-calorigenic sweetening agent. AB - In a controlled trial of a double-blind cross-over design, it has been shown that "Marvie', a non-calorigenic sweetener containing 58 per cent maltitol by weight, is an effective sweetener which has no influence on routine haematological and biochemical parameters. The dose that could be tolerated without undesirable symptoms was between 20 and 30 g per day. Above this dose, flatus production with abdominal discomfort could limit tolerance to this sweetening agent. PMID- 7021674 TI - Eosinophilia and elevated serum levels of eosinophil major basic protein and Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (lysophospholipase) after treatment of patients with Bancroft's filariasis. PMID- 7021675 TI - A serum C3-activating factor: its characterization and its presence in glomerular deposits. AB - A non-IgG C3 activating factor (C3AF) isolated from the serum and plasma of a patient with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with subendothelial and subepithelial deposits (type III) was studied to define its molecular structure, functional characteristics, and presence in renal biopsies. Alternative complement pathway (ACP) activation of C3 was comparable to that of zymosan, but significantly less than that of IgG C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF). Functionally active isolate contained beta 1H globulin (beta 1H) and the C3AF protein, which had a gamma-electrophoretic migration. beta 1H present in the isolate exhibited an altered gamma-beta electrophoretic mobility. The function of this complex is heat labile. Time/temperature studies demonstrated that inactivated preparations of this isolate show a return to the normal beta migration of beta 1H followed by the development of an alpha 2 electrophoretic migration of the previously gamma migrating material of functionally active isolate. Normal human serums contain an alpha 2 protein that shows complete antigenic identity with the gamma protein of C3AF, but this alpha 2 protein lacks C3 activating function. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the C3AF isolate contains a high m.w. protein of 500,000 to 590,000 that is composed of 2 major subunits. Carbohydrate is not demonstrable, and the protein is antigenically distinct from plasma fibronectin. Immunofluorescence studies of renal biopsies of patients with types I and III MPGN revealed the presence of C3AF antigen in granular deposits in 10 of 16 cases. The presence of this antigen in glomerular deposits was associated with C3 and beta 1H, but was independent of Ig. These studies suggest that the mechanism of ACP activation by C3AF results from interference with beta 1H function. The presence of this material in renal biopsies from some MPGN patients further suggests a pathogenetic role in mediating glomerular pathology. PMID- 7021676 TI - How complement kills E. coli. II. The apparent two-hit nature of the lethal event. AB - We have studied the nature of complement (C) action on red blood cells and E. coli with respect to the number of "hits" required for membrane damage. Our method of analysis involves adding various amounts of purified C7 or C8 to serum preparations immunochemically depleted of C7 or C8, respectively, in order to construct dose-response curves for the action of C's terminal complex. The shape of the dose-response curves reflects the single or multiple-hit nature of C action. Our method confirms that C acts on red cells by a 1-hit mechanism, whether measured by lysis or by the permeation of a small molecule. In contrast, we find with E. coli that C-mediated outer membrane damage, inner membrane damage, and killing all appear to require more than 1 hit. We have also discovered a property of E. coli that displays a nonlethal 1-hit response to C that is particularly useful in the analysis of multiple-hit dose-response curves. Simultaneous measurements of this single-hit phenomenon and the multiple-hit killing of E. coli allow us to make direct comparisons of the amount of C needed for each response. On the basis of the midpoints of the single and multiple-hit curves, C-mediated membrane damage and killing of E. coli appear to be a 2-hit process. PMID- 7021677 TI - In vitro antigen-mediated clonal expansion of memory B lymphocytes. AB - An in vitro model for the propagation and expansion of the memory B lymphocyte population is described. DNP-BGG immune cells were mixed with OVA immune cells and challenged immediately with DNP-OVA. After the 1st response had begun to wane, the cells were rechallenged with DNP-OVA (day 11 of culture). An average of 13-fold more PFC were observed after delayed challenge (day 11). This expansion in the PFC response was an antigen-dependent process and did not involve recruitment of new memory cells from the virgin lymphocyte pool. The level of expansion of the memory cell pool was also calculated using limiting dilution analysis and was found to fall in a range of 16- to 67-fold increase in precursor frequency. In addition to the expansion of the memory B cell population, we also observed the development of 2 immunoregulatory cycles previously observed only in vivo. First, in the presence of persistent antigen, a cyclical PFC response was seen. Second, after day 10 of culture, optimal PFC numbers were observed only when DNP-lysine was added to the plaque assay. Such hapten-augmentable PFC responses have been reported by other investigators as indicative of anti idiotypic regulation. This possibility is examined more extensively in the following communication. PMID- 7021678 TI - Generation of antibody-mediated regulation during in vitro clonal expansion of memory B lymphocytes. PMID- 7021679 TI - Lymphocyte recognition of lymph node high endothelium. III. Enhancement by a component of thoracic duct lymph. AB - The first step in the entry of blood lymphocytes into lymph node is the binding of these cells to venules lined by high endothelium (HEV). This recognition event has been studied using a model system in which rat thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) adhere selectively to HEV when overlaid onto lymph node sections. We now report that this binding is increased by a lymph fraction designated adherence enhancing factor (AEF). Lymph depleted of cells and chylomicra was fractionated with (NH4)2SO4. Material that precipitated between 60 and 80% saturation was dissolved in buffer and extracted with chloroform/methanol; the aqueous phase was used as the source of AEF. The factor was nondialyzable, trypsin sensitive, and heat stable (70 degrees C, 30 min). Lymph node sections pretreated with AEF showed a 2- to 3-fold increase in the number of TDL bound to HEV and a 5 to 10 fold increase in the number of HEV with more than 5 adherent lymphocytes. The effect of AEF was specific: 1) No increase in lymphocyte binding to non-HEV areas of the tissue section occurred. 2) The binding of both TDL and spleen lymphoid cells to HEV was enhanced, but thymocyte attachment was not promoted. We conclude that AEF has biologic properties that might enable it to play a physiologic role in lymphocyte recirculation. PMID- 7021680 TI - The mixed antiglobulin rosetting reaction (MARR) and the direct antiglobulin rosetting reaction (DARR): sensitive tests for demonstration of immunoglobulin bearing B lymphocytes. AB - The technology of the mixed antiglobulin rosetting (MARR) and the direct antiglobulin rosetting reaction (DARR) is reviewed. These tests have been found to be more sensitive than the standard direct immunofluorescence (DIF) method for delineation of Ig-bearing B lymphocytes and to have practical advantages over DIF. Further, with these rosette tests, an important B lymphocyte population has been identified which is Ig-negative by DIF and functionally quite different from typical DIF-positive B lymphocytes but which expresses a low density of surface membrane Ig that is detectable by the MARR and the DARR. PMID- 7021681 TI - Application of partition affinity ligand assay (PALA) in quick test for quantitation of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial cells. AB - A novel immunochemical method for the quantitation of bacterial cells is described. The method, which is based on separation of bound from free reactants in aqueous two-phase systems has been studied both as direct and competitive binding assays, with a system consisting of intact cells of Staphylococcus aureus and human immunoglobulin G molecules. To achieve high resolution, one of the reactants was modified so that the two reactants, the bacterial cells and the immunoglobulin molecules, occurred in different phases of the phase system. When binding takes place, the partition of one of the reactants is changed. The degree of change is then correlated to the amount of reactant present. Using this method, cell numbers in the region 10(5)-10(7) can be quantified. An assay takes 40-90 min. PMID- 7021682 TI - Application of the Farr assay to the analysis of antibodies specific for UV irradiated DNA. AB - In order to determine the optimum conditions for reactivity in the ammonium sulphate precipitation (Farr) assay was have studied the DNA binding properties of two antibodies raised against ultraviolet single stranded DNA (UVssDNA) complexed with methylated bovine serum albumin. In general the buffer composition, pH, temperature, and ionic strength conditions described for binding to undamaged DNA were found to be appropriate for binding to UV-irradiated DNA. However, some differences in detail were noted which indicate the necessity for checking the physical conditions of binding of individual antibodies. Mouse monoclonal antibody and rabbit polyclonal antisera bound to UVssDNA very rapidly, even when DNA and ammonium sulphate were added simultaneously, whereas this procedure prevented binding of rabbit antisera to UV-irradiated double stranded DNA. Incubation at 45 degrees C for 30 min inhibited binding by mouse antibody, and incubation at 37 degrees C for 60 min caused reversible dissociation of the DNA-antibody complex. The optimised Farr assay was used to define the antigen specificities of the antibodies. The mouse antibody specifically bound to UVssDNA, but not to ssDNA, double stranded (ds) DNA, or UVdsDNA, whereas the rabbit antisera bound to UVssDNA, ssDNA or UVdsDNA, but not dsDNA. The extent of binding of the mouse antibody was dependent on the UV dose to the antigen, as well as the antigen concentration, indicating that the Farr assay can form the basis of a quantitative assay for photoproducts in DNA. PMID- 7021683 TI - A technique for preparing defined conjugates of horseradish peroxidase and immunoglobulin. AB - Conjugates of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and sheep anti-human immunoglobulin (anti-Ig) were prepared by means of a heterobifunctional reagent, N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP). The molar ratios of the conjugates could be changed by varying the degree of chemical substitution of anti-Ig and HRP. Gel filtration and affinity chromatography were used to separate conjugated anti-Ig from free HRP and unconjugated anti-Ig. The distribution of complex sizes and the presence of free HRP and anti-Ig in the final products were monitored by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After final purification and characterisation conjugates were studied as reagents in enzyme immunoassays (EIA) with various antigens. Conjugates prepared by SPDP bridging were shown to yield more than 60% of the anti-Ig as conjugated small defined enzyme-protein complexes. A suitably labelled conjugate reacted in a standardised way resulting in a reproducible dose-response curve when a positive serum was assayed in different dilutions. PMID- 7021684 TI - A simple highly sensitive methods for the determination of cell viability using an electronic particle analyzer, Coulter counter. AB - Determination of cell viability is a procedure which is applicable to a number of techniques utilized in cell biology. Many means of determining cell viability have been proposed, each with its specific drawbacks. We present here two techniques for determining the viability of cells using an electronic particle analyzer, the Coulter counter. Viabilities of various tissue culture lines could be determined by comparing the ratios of live and dead cells obtained from a histogram of cells suspended in an isotonic solution or a solution of half-normal ammonium chloride (1/2 ACK). Viabilities obtained in this manner correlated well with those obtained by trypan blue dye exclusion. Viabilities of normal lymphocytes could be found in a similar manner by separating live and dead cells on histograms generated at high aperture currents. These values, though generally correlating well with dye exclusion data, may reflect determination of different criteria of cell death than previously used. The application of these techniques to a number of biological assays is discussed. PMID- 7021685 TI - Detection of radiolabelled bone marrow cells bearing surface immunoglobulins by combined autoradiography and immunoperoxidase. AB - A method is described for the simultaneous detection of radiolabelled bone marrow cells bearing surface immunoglobulins by combined autoradiography and immunoperoxidase. Bone marrow cells from normal CBA mice prelabelled in vivo with 125IUDR or exposed in vitro to [3H] thymidine were incubated with rabbit anti mouse immunoglobulins under capping conditions, washed, cytocentrifuged and treated with methanol and hydrogen peroxide to destroy endogenous peroxidase. Cells were then covered with peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulins, washed, treated with diaminobenzidine and hydrogen peroxide and finally covered with autoradiographic stripped film and exposed for different times. Peroxidase-positive cells were typically capped and those radiolabelled had autoradiographic silver grains overlying the nucleus. PMID- 7021686 TI - A simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to native DNA. AB - A simple and highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for the measurement of anti-native DNA (anti-nDNA) antibodies in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A solid-phase support for the assay was provided by coating wells of polystyrene microtiter plates with native salmon sperm DNA at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. For standard determinations, test sera at a dilution of 1 : 100 were incubated in the DNA coated wells which were then assayed for bound immunoglobulin using an alkaline phosphatase conjugated rabbit anti-human IgG reagent. The colorimetric yield at 400 nm was used as a measure of the content of anti-nDNA antibodies. Proof that the bound antibodies detected in this assay were directed toward native DNA was derived primarily from observations that: (1) purified native DNA blocked the binding of antibody from SLE sera; and (2) there was a correlation between determinations by the ELISA assay and a filter binding assay specific for anti nDNA antibodies. Assay of serial samples from the same patient showed a close correlation between determinations by the ELISA and filter binding assays, suggesting the utility of the ELISA method as part of the evaluation of disease activity over time. The advantages of the ELISA methodology-sensitivity, convenience, speed, independence of radioactivity, and quantitative determination of antibody as opposed to protein-should make this assay a useful tool in clinical and experimental studies on SLE as well as the routine assay of anti nDNA antibodies. PMID- 7021687 TI - Detection of sperm surface IgG by modified haemadsorption procedures. AB - New haemadsorption procedures for the detection of sperm bound IgG are described. Antibody-coated sperm are fixed with formaldehyde and attached by poly-L-lysine to the bases of wells on plastic plates where they can be left for several days if necessary. Sensitised indicator red cell (for direct haemadsorption) or anti IgG sera followed by indicator red cells (for indirect haemadsorption) are then added to these wells and the presence of antibody indicated by red cell attachment to sperm. The procedure uses simple reagents and the sperm/red cell rosettes may be fixed and stained to be kept as records. PMID- 7021688 TI - Production of monolayer plaque assay slides. PMID- 7021689 TI - ADCC analysis with the Coulter counter: a highly sensitive, ultramicro assay suitable for clinical and experimental application. AB - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is an in vitro immune mechanism implicated in several in vivo phenomena such as transplant rejection, tumor immunity and parasite elimination. We developed a method for detecting ADCC using the Coulter Counter and the Coulter Channelyzer that circumvents many of the disadvantages associated with existing assays for ADCC. Effector mononuclear cells were incubated with chicken red blood cell (CRBC) targets and anti-target antibody for 1-1, 5h. Killing was quantified by the Coulter Counter on the basis of size differences between effector and target cell nuclei. Using a 4 microliter total volume we were able to detect cytotoxic levels of 55% when as few as 5000 effector cells were incubated with an equal number of target cells. This method for the detection of ADCC may be suitable for clinical and research application. PMID- 7021690 TI - An enzyme immunoassay for the enumeration of peripheral human T-lymphocytes with OKT3.PAN monoclonal antibody. PMID- 7021691 TI - Analysis of a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for antibodies to cytoplasmic antigen fractions of Candida albicans. AB - An indirect solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) in individual polystyrene microtiter cups has been adapted for measurement of antibody to various cytoplasmic and carbohydrate antigen fractions of Candida albicans. The assay was optimized for sensitivity, precision and linearization of serum dilution curves. The optimized procedure allows computerized measurement of anti-Candida antibodies and can be used for measurement of antibody over a wide concentration range. The procedure obviates variation due to changes in day-to-day counts as a result of isotope decay and end-point antibody dilutions. The assay has been used to demonstrate a Poisson-like distribution of antibody levels in the sera of persons showing no symptoms of candidiasis. The minimum antibody level detectable by the assay is about two orders of magnitude lower than the lowest level found in human serum and 4 orders of magnitude lower than the most sensitive test used hitherto, the hemagglutination test. PMID- 7021692 TI - Ascites production in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). AB - A method is described for inducing the production of large amounts of ascitic fluid (AF) in the squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus. The total amount of protein in the induced AF is close to 60% of that in the serum. Electrophoretic analysis of serum and AF samples from the same monkey revealed similar protein patterns, including gamma globulins. Antibody titers against Plasmodium falciparum in infected monkeys, measured by indirect immunofluorescence, were also comparable in serum and AF. PMID- 7021693 TI - Improvement of the protein A plaque assay for immunoglobulin secreting cells by using immunoglobulin-depleted guinea pig serum as a source of complement. AB - This paper describes a modification of the protein A hemolytic plaque assay for the enumeration of immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting cells independent of antibody specificity of the Ig. This assay was originally developed by Gronowicz et al. (1976), and is based upon binding of the Fc portion of IgG to protein A. Ig secreting cells are mixed with protein A-coated sheep erythrocytes, developing rabbit anti-Ig antiserum and guinea pig serum as a source of complement. This mixture is either pipetted between two microscope slides, or added to agarose and plated on a petri dish or microscope slide. The hemolytic plaques are enumerated after incubation at 37 degrees C. Here we show that purification of the guinea pig complement over a Sepharose-protein A column in order to eliminate the IgG fraction facilitates plaque formation. This modification reduces the incubation period required for plaque formation, and yields a higher number of, and more discrete plaques, than the original method. PMID- 7021694 TI - Monocomponent insulin in maturity onset diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7021695 TI - The values of modern medicine. PMID- 7021696 TI - [A rare tumour: paravesical pelvic haemangiopericytoma (author's transl)]. AB - Haemangiopericytomas are vascular tumours derived from Zimmerman's pericytes, the cells surrounding blood capillaries which correspond to the smooth muscle cells in the arterial and venous walls. This rarely observed tumour is usually found in the limbs (more than 50 p. cent of cases) or the face. Pelvic haemangiopericytomas are most frequently observed in women, and are then of uterine origin, their occurrence in men, and in the perivesical space, being exceptionally rare (seven cases reported in the publishing literature). The authors describe such a case, and review the clinical and radiological characteristics of the lesion. Diagnostic difficulties are emphasized, as confusion with a sarcoma can arise, even after histological examination. Surgical excision should be conducted routinely, but local recurrence or pulmonary metastases may occur in view of the potential malignancy of these tumours. Complementary cobalt therapy is therefore justified. PMID- 7021697 TI - [Primary vesical pneumaturia in the absence of diabetes (author's transl)]. AB - Vesical pneumaturia occurring in the absence of any glycosuric diabetes suggested a uro-digestive origin. The pathogenesis of primary pneumaturia, in the absence of diabetes, is discussed on the basis of experimental research. The aetiopathogenic mechanism of this primary pneumaturia remains obscure. PMID- 7021698 TI - Basal lamina components in experimentally induced skin blisters. AB - The distribution of basement membrane glycoproteins, fibronectin, laminin, and type IV collagen was studied in experimentally induced skin blisters in which the epidermis is separated from the dermis through the lamina lucida part of basal lamina. Fibronectin was found surrounding the blister cavity and in a primary covering formed on the bottom of the blister. Neither laminin nor type IV collagen were incorporated into this clot-like matrix. The layer of laminin found in normal epidermal-dermal junction was found to be cleaved by the blistering method, whereas all type IV collagen antigenicity was confined to the base of the blister presumably due to its location in the lamina densa part of the basal lamina. No interstitial collagens were found in the separated epidermis in accordance with previous ultrastructural evidence. These studies support the proposed role of laminin in the adhesion of epidermal cells to basement membrane collagen. PMID- 7021699 TI - Detection of antibodies and antigenemia in leukemic patients with candidiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Standard tests and two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were compared for detecting systemic candidiasis in 92 leukemic patients. Antibodies to Candida were detected by immunodiffusion (ID), latex agglutination (LA), and indirect ELISA; antigenemia was evaluated by indirect ELISA inhibition. In 48 patients without candidiasis (group 1), sera from 27% reacted in ID and 13% in LA tests; titers of antibody by ELISA occurred in all patients. In 34 patients without disseminated candidiasis (groups 2 and 3), Candida species were isolated; sera from 35% and 32% were positive in the ID and the LA test, respectively. In nine of 10 patients with disseminated candidiasis (group 4), LA and ID tests were negative. Seven patients in groups 1-3 without disseminated candidiasis were antigenemic (false-positive rate, 9%). Antigenemia was detected in seven of 10 patients with disseminated candidiasis; in the remaining three patients sera were drawn too early to be of diagnostic value. Thus, monitoring of immunosuppressed patients for mannan antigenemia is useful for the detection of disseminated candidiasis. PMID- 7021700 TI - Deficiency of intestinal immunity with graft-vs.-host disease in humans. AB - A possible deficiency of secretory immunity was investigated in 55 bone marrow recipients and nine control patients by evaluation of lamina propria plasma cells, Peyer's patch and mesenteric lymph node cellularity, and mucosal injury. All short-term survivors had marked depletion of Peyer's patch and mesenteric lymph node cellularity; long-term survivors demonstrated repopulation. In autologous or syngeneic marrow recipients and patients without engraftment, the intestines contained numerous IgA-bearing, IgM-bearing, and total plasma cells, compared with a marked decrease in these cells in patients with allogeneic engraftment. Patients with graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) had even fewer IgA bearing plasma cells and much greater mucosal injury. These results suggest that with allogeneic engraftment and GVHD, host intestinal plasma cells are depleted before repopulation and maturation of Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes with donor cells. These patients, therefore, are at increased risk for infection by intestinal organisms. PMID- 7021701 TI - Phagocytosis, bacterial killing, and metabolism by purified human lung phagocytes. AB - Phagocytic and bactericidal activities of purified polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), monocytes (MNs), or alveolar macrophages (AMs) from the same individuals for Staphylococcus aureus strain 502A or Escherichia coli strain ON2 were compared in vitro. Factors that may influence these activities were evaluated. The bactericidal activity of S. aureus and E. coli of PMNs was greater than that of MNs or AMs. Two factors were identified that may account for this result. (1) The rate of phagocytosis of opsonized S. aureus and E. coli was greater by PMNs. (2) The nonmitochondrial oxygen burst after nonparticulate stimulation was much greater by PMNs. Qualitative differences in opsonic requirements for ingestion of S. aureus by PMNs, MNs, and AMs were also identified. In contrast to PMNs or MNs, phagocytosis of S. aureus by AMs was not opsonin-dependent. The results suggest that mononuclear phagocytes may adapt their opsonic requirements to facilitate uptake of S. aureus. Despite this adaptation, their bactericidal capability remains limited when compared with PMNs. PMID- 7021702 TI - [Echocardiographic features of false tendons: with special reference to phonocardiographic significance (author's transl)]. AB - Echocardiographic features consistent with the findings of false tendons (FTs) were described in five out of 1,000 consecutive cases, and they were studied in order to determine whether FT was responsible for the systolic murmurs. Three had heart diseases including aortic regurgitation, 3 degrees AV-block with aortic regurgitation, and pericarditis and mitral stenosis, and the remainder cases had no heart disease. M-mode echocardiograms showed abnormal linear echoes in the outflow tract of the left ventricle in three cases, and in the left ventricle toward the apex in another two cases. Two-dimensional echocardiograms revealed long string-like echoes stretching from the upper parts of the interventricular septum across the ventricular cavity to the lateral wall of the left ventricle in three cases in the long and short axis views or four chamber view. In another two cases, there were long slender echoes binding the lower parts of the interventricular septum and the left ventricle in the apical view. These string like echoes seemed to represent FTs reported previously in autopsy cases. Phonocardiography with pharmacological study (amyl nitrite and methoxamine) showed no significant systolic murmur, for which Fts had been considered to be responsible, even in a dilated left ventricle. We conclude that (1) M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms can demonstrate the presence of FTs, (2) two dimensional echocardiograms might be utilized in differentiating FTs from other abnormal linear echoes in the outflow tract of the left ventricle seen in M-mode echograms, and (3) FTs do not necessarily cause systolic murmur. PMID- 7021703 TI - [Visualization of the false tendon in the left ventricle with echocardiography and its clinical significance (author's transl)]. AB - Echocardiographic features of the false tendon in th left ventricle and its clinical significance were reported. The subjects consisted of 132 consecutive patients, in whom the left ventricle was satisfactorily examined from various aspects with two-dimensional echocardiography. In general, the false tendon was detected in the long axis view of the left ventricle from the apical approach. It was detected in 61 of 132 consecutive patients with echocardiography. The incidence did not seem to be related to the kinds of underlying conditions. The false tendon was usually a string, a few millimeters in width, crossing the ventricular cavity from the vicinity of the papillary muscles to the interventricular septum. In a few patients it looked as Y-figure and net like. Sometimes, several sticks of the false tendon were detected. It was observed to be stretched in diastole and relaxed in systole. On the M-mode echocardiogram the false tendon was displayed as a linear echo moving with heart beat. The false tendon revealed near the interventricular septum, exhibited a motion so similar to that of the interventricular septum that it should be carefully differentiated from the echo of the left ventricular surface of the septum. In 2 patients of valvular heart disease, it was observed to be fluttered in diastole. Echocardiography was more useful in detecting the false tendon than left ventriculography. PMID- 7021704 TI - [Archibald Edward Garrod (1857-1936): a biographical assay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021705 TI - [Initiation mechanism of intrinsic blood coagulation: activation of factor XII and roles of high-molecular-weight kininogen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021706 TI - [Formation of dolichol phosphate-oligosaccharide intermediate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021707 TI - [Profile of Professor Okunuki (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021708 TI - [Transport of cytoplasm-synthesized enzymes into mitochondrial matrix (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021709 TI - [Antigen-antibody reaction and functional stability of antibody in viable mammalian cell cytoplasm (author's transl) ]. PMID- 7021710 TI - [Picosecond and subpicosecond spectroscopic study of the primary processes of vision and photosynthesis (author's transl) ]. PMID- 7021711 TI - [Prevention of cast crown failures]. PMID- 7021712 TI - [Investigations of Sag-resistance of precious alloys for porcelain fusing. (Part 1) Measuring method and analysis (author's transl)]. AB - For the purpose of finding out the heat-resistant properties of metal that are Sag properties, the test-pieces of 85 Au-10 Pd-5 Pt alloy were prepared and their distortion in high temperature was measured. The results were summarized as follows; 1) The distortion increases rapidly at a certain temperature near 800 degrees C. 2) As the thickness and the width of the test-piece increase, the distortion decreases. An adverse effect is found on the length of the test-piece. 3) Among the distortion(y), the span (l), thickness (h) and the width (b) of the test-pieces, the following relation was obtained. y = 0.316 x W1.84 x l1.40/h1.50 . b 0.60, where W is the load between 1 gf and 4 gf. PMID- 7021713 TI - [Investigations of sag-resistance of precious alloys for porcelain fusing. (Part 2) The effect of Fe, In, Sn addition on the distortion at high temperature of 85% Au alloys for porcelain fusing (author's transl)]. AB - Fifteen alloys were prepared by adding 0-1.00 wt% Fe, In and Sn (total amount 1.00 wt%) to 85 Au-10 Pd-5 Pt master alloy. The distortion at high temperature in the firing cycle was measured by the apparatus for trial manufacture reported in the preceding paper, and the influence of each additional elements was discussed. The results were summarized as follows; 1) The distortion of the alloys containing additional elements (Fe, In and/or Sn) was obviously less than that of the master alloy. 2) The distortion of the alloys containing only 1 wt% Fe was the least in all of the alloys. 3) Adding both In and Sn had tendency to less distortion at high temperature, but the adding effect was less than that of Fe. PMID- 7021714 TI - Mechanism of the anisotropic dimensional change of the wax pattern prepared by the softened wax technique. (1) Relationship between recovery and crystal orientation. AB - In order to obtain information on the behavior of wax pattern distortion and to reveal its mechanism, the following experiments have been conducted: measurements of fundamental properties including distribution of molecular weight, crystal structure, phase transition, and viscosity, and investigation of the crystal orientation and recovery phenomena. If the wax is deformed plastically at higher temperatures, transformation appears to be a smooth transition from an isotropic distribution of the crystal orientation to an arranged structure. In the case of uniaxial compression, the c-axes are rearranged parallel to the compressed direction and the b-axes and a-axes are randomly oriented in the plane normal to the c-axes. This preferred orientation is due to the crystal rotation. The degree of preferred orientation increases with the increase in compression ratio over all temperatures between 35 degrees C and 55 degrees C. Above 45 degrees C, the degree of orientation decreases with an increase in temperature despite the equal compression ratio. From this fact, the degree of orientation is associated with the crystallinity at deformation temperatures as well as the degree of deformation. The preferentially oriented specimen expands greatly in the direction parallel to the molecular chain axis and shrinks to a great extent in the direction perpendicular to the chain axis. This anisotropy is caused mainly by the recovery. Moreover, the extent of recovery is associated closely with the degree of the preferred orientation. The dimensional change due to the recovery is extraordinarily large (30 to 40%) in comparison with the normal thermal expansion from room temperature to 45 degrees C (approximately 1.2%). This large extent of recovery is explained by the rubber-like deformation in the amorphous region. PMID- 7021715 TI - [Basic studies on exercise therapy for diabetes mellitus. Intensity of exercise and endocrine reaction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021716 TI - Change of heart. PMID- 7021717 TI - The role of the carrier in treatment failures after antibiotic for group A streptococci in the upper respiratory tract. AB - During a prospective study of endemic group A streptococcal upper respiratory tract infection and the streptococcal carrier state, we investigated persistence of group A streptococci after treatment with recommended doses of antibiotics. We evaluated clinical findings, culture results, and streptococcal antibody responses at the acute-stage clinic visit and at convalescent-stage visits 3 and 8 weeks later. Data from 280 children ill with pharyngitis and their family contacts were analyzed (mean age 13.3 years); 129 individuals (46%) had group A beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated at the initial visit. Despite antibiotic treatment, group A streptococci were not eradicated from the upper respiratory tract of 34 (26%) of the 129 culture-positive individuals. Thirteen of the 34 (38%) required a second course of antibiotic therapy before the infecting serotype was eradicated, but a majority, the remaining 21 (62%) patients, were not bacteriologically cured despite repeated courses of antibiotics. Streptococcal antibody data suggested that the majority of the treatment failures were streptococcal carriers. Only 5% of asymptomatic individuals with a positive culture for group A streptococci demonstrated an antibody rise. These bacteriologic and serologic data document that it usually is unnecessary to retreat asymptomatic convalescent individuals having throat cultures persistently positive for group A streptococci, since these individuals seldom represent true streptococcal infection. PMID- 7021718 TI - Excess alpha chains are lost from beta-thalassemic reticulocytes by proteolysis. AB - During incubation of reticulocytes from patients with beta-thalassemia, after labeling of the hemoglobin with radioactive amino acids, the excess alpha chains are gradually lost from the cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of this phenomenon. A system was developed in which reticulocytes from beta-thalassemia patients are labeled with [3H]leucine, washed several times in nonradioactive medium, and then incubated in the same medium containing puromycin added in order to stop further protein synthesis. The results have clearly shown that excess alpha chains are gradually degraded by proteolysis. N-ethylmaleimide or epsilon-aminocaproic acid inhibited the proteolysis of free alpha chains. The addition of either ATP or hemin did not change the rate of alpha chain degradation. The time required to degrade 50% of the pool of free alpha chains was directly dependent on the initial value of this pool. This finding suggests the absence of a significant individual variation in the ability to proteolyse free alpha chains. PMID- 7021719 TI - Quantitation of neutrophil phagocytosis, using fluorescent latex beads. Correlation of microscopy and flow cytometry. AB - Phagocytic particle uptake was calculated from data obtained by microscopy and flow cytometry utilizing commercially available fluorescent beads of uniform (2 micrometer diameter) size. PMNs collected from a Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient were incubated with the fluorescent beads in human plasma and gently washed in buffer to remove most of the extracellular beads. The cells were observed and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy (sample size = 300 cells) and flow cytometry (sample size = 50,000 cells) to determine the percent phagocytic cells, number of beads per phagocytic cell, and beads per 100 PMNs. Correlation of these indices for microscopic and machine counts was in high agreement, with r values greater than 0.80. Since flow cytometry increases the sample size 500-fold above that attained by manual microscopic counts, the coefficient of variation is proportionately reduced. Unlike other automated techniques for phagocytosis such as the use of radiolabeled particles, flow cytometry yields information on the cell population such as percent of phagocytic cells and the distribution of intracellular fluorescent beads per cell as well as particle uptake. Thus the advantages of speed, greater statistical accuracy, and the ability to accumulate information on the cell population indicate that flow cytofluorometry has unique applications for the study of phagocytosis. Application of the technique to in vitro stimulation of blood neutrophil phagocytic uptake is included. PMID- 7021720 TI - Platelet adhesion and mural platelet thrombus formation on aortic subendothelium of rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs correlate negatively with the vascular PGI2 production. AB - This study investigates whether PGI2 produced locally by the vessel wall affects the interaction of platelets with subendothelium. Aortic endothelium was removed by a balloon catheter. Subsequent platelet deposition on subendothelium was assessed by morphometry. After 10 min exposure, surface coverage with adherent platelets in rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs amounted to 63% +/- 4, 82% +/- 3, and 97% +/- 1 (means +/- S.E.) (n greater than 5), and with microthrombi to 0 +/- 0, 6% +/- 2 and 15% +/- 4, respectively. Conversely, as measured by bioassay, excised aortic segments of rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs produced 135 +/- 14, 34 +/- 4, and less than 15 pmol of PGI2 per 10 mg of aorta per 30 min incubation in buffer, respectively (n = 4). In a second set of experiments, native blood from the aorta of a rabbit was circulated (30 ml/min) through a rat's de endothelialized abdominal aorta and back into the vena cava of the rabbit. After a 5 min exposure at an approximate gamma w of 3000 sec-1, adhesion and aggregation of rabbit platelets on subendothelium of untreated rats amounted to 6% +/- 2 and 0 +/- 0, respectively. In contrast, on subendothelium of rats pretreated with 50 mg/kg ASA, which inhibits generation of PGI2 by greater than 80%, platelet adhesion and aggregation amounted to 55% +/- 11 and 19% +/- 7, respectively (n = 6, 2 alpha less than 0.01). The deposited thrombus volume per surface area differed by 3 orders of magnitude between the two groups. We conclude that platelet adhesion and aggregation on subendothelium correlate negatively with the generation of PGI2. Thus the smooth muscle cells of the media can produce sufficient amounts of PGI2 to locally influence the thrombogenicity of a de-endothelialized artery. PMID- 7021721 TI - S. Randolph Scheen, M.D., secretary-treasurer. PMID- 7021722 TI - Drowning and non-drowning. PMID- 7021723 TI - Surgical sequelae of radiation-induced enteropathy. PMID- 7021724 TI - Mohs' chemosurgery for skin cancer, microscopically controlled excision. PMID- 7021725 TI - Absolute augmentation of the extremely atrophic mandible. (A modified technique). AB - A modified technique for reconstruction of the atrophic mandible is presented. The caudal part of the mandible is mobilized through a combined intra-extraoral approach or an entirely extraoral approach. The bone graft is then inserted between the osteotomized fragments. The results in terms of bone resorption are comparable with those of the original method, but the risk of a lesion of the mandibular nerve is substantially reduced. Moreover, supplementary vestibuloplasty is only occasionally necessary. PMID- 7021726 TI - Dermis flap transposition as a treatment for "fixed dislocation" of the temporo mandibular joint. PMID- 7021727 TI - Experience with various procedures in the treatment of orbital floor fractures. AB - Experience gained in the treatment of 75 patients with orbital floor injuries is presented. These injuries occurred independently or in association with mid-face fractures. In fractures of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic part of the orbit repositioning of the zygomatic bone by a traction hook is the simplest method. In recent multiple fractures of the mid-face it is most suitable to use a lamina from the anterior or medial wall of the maxillary sinus for bridging the orbital floor defect. Osteoplasty of the orbital floor using an iliac bone graft is the method of choice in the treatment of neglected blow-out fractures fo the orbital floor. In cases with recent blow-out fractures of the orbital floor the defect can be bridged by bone taken from the hip or a lamina from the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus. It is not necessary to perform intranasal antrostomy of gauze packing of the sinus. PMID- 7021728 TI - The founding of Georgia and the discovery of blood pressure. PMID- 7021729 TI - Proceedings of a conference on health services research issues in the Veterans Administration. PMID- 7021730 TI - The United States Veterans Administration health care system as a model of regionalization. AB - The regionalization of health services is fundamentally based on a system of allocation of resources. The VA appears to have adopted the philosophies of regionalization by forming a network of 28 medical care districts that share the system budgeting responsibility. This approach tends to ignore population aspects, specifically: the needs of the veterans, the interplay of medical school affiliation, the internal effects of incentives for high inpatient censuses, the effect of district leadership. A fourfold research plan is suggested, including an intense investigation of (1) the veteran population, (2) the decision-making process in resource allocation, (3) the relationship of the Va to its environment, especially the health care structure of the communities where facilities operate, and (4) the problems associated with health delivery planning and resource allocation in general. PMID- 7021731 TI - Medical technology: assessment, adoption, and utilization. PMID- 7021732 TI - The role of health services research in the Veterans Administration-and beyond. PMID- 7021733 TI - The organization of health services research in the Veterans Administration. AB - The VA is developing health services research expertise within its health care system. This development and management effort is focused in the Health Services Research and Development Service in the VA Central Office in Washington. The VA development of health services research includes four major programs. Two programs, the Health Services Intramural and Contract Research Programs, provide funding for individual research projects. These programs are analogous in purpose, structure, and administration to the long-established VA biomedical research programs. The third program is the VA-University Health Service Research Affiliation Program. This program consists of about a dozen VA hospital university affiliations for health services research and is coordinated with the Health Research. Te fourth program is a doctoral and postdoctoral health services training program. By means of these four programs and related efforts, the VA intends to provide knowledge useful for improving teh delivery of health services in the VA health care system. PMID- 7021734 TI - Health services research in alcoholism: current status and future directions with special emphasis on opportunities in the Veterans Administration. AB - Alcoholism has become an important health care problem for the United States and the VA medical care system. The percentage of inpatients in Veterans Administration hospitals with a diagnosis of alcoholism rose from 13.0% in 1970 to a high of 15.6% in 1977. Health services research work in alcoholism has generally fallen into four major areas: community diagnosis; utilization of services by alcoholics; the effectiveness, efficiency, and quality of services; and the organization of information systems and their applicability to alcoholism. Obstacles to research include a poor understanding of the prevalence of the disease among the veteran's population, but the system offers many more opportunities than obstacles. A new information system, SATAR (Substance Abuse Treatment Automated Records), offers a chance for large-scale investigation of the problem of alcoholism among VA patients when combined with other information systems and allows for special comparisons through its large, integrated network of hospitals and clinics. PMID- 7021735 TI - Mental health services research issues in the Veterans Administration. AB - In 1975 the Veterans Administration treated 351,000 veterans in psychiatric inpatient services and had 2.7 million psychiatric outpatient visits and 10% of all psychiatric beds in the United States. The VA has led the nation in a shift toward outpatient treatment of psychiatric disorders. The VA patient population differs from the rest of the country in that VA psychiatric patients have a higher incidence of psychoses and organic brain syndrome as well as being older, being predominantly male, and having a higher rate of chronic disorders. Mental health services research directed toward the VA medical care system falls into two major categories: utilization and patterns of care, and quality and effectiveness of care. Several possible avenues of research are offered in each of these two major areas. PMID- 7021736 TI - The role of constituency groups in policy formulation: items for a health services research agenda. AB - The Veterans Administration medical care system functions within a larger VA services program that has as its direct constituency many organized veterans' groups. The VA system is viewed from the larger perspective of consumer representation in its direction through three effective functions of consumer representation: ownership, control, and oversight. In the VA the Congress and the veterans' groups perform these functions with varying levels of impact on the system. While veterans feel a measure of ownership of the medical care system, they have little voice in its actual operation. Research is needed to describe more fully fully the actual role of the veterans-client in the system and to explore the possibility that aspects of the system may be adopted outside. PMID- 7021737 TI - Legal constraints and alternatives in the Veterans Administration. AB - The Veterans Administration is a federal system that has functioned, so far, independently of state and local laws and rules. The system has proven flexible, however, as it has adjusted to meet needs perceived within its organization where legal justification has been found. The impact of the overall health care system in the United States is beginning to be felt within the Veterans Administration as the possibility of national health insurance implementation may greatly affect the number and kinds of patients seen in the hospitals. Th response of the Veterans Administration system will have to be within its legal framework and an understanding of the relationship between the actual operation of the system and the law will be necessary. More and better understanding of the practical impact of external programs such as comprehensive health planning, manpower training and licensing laws will be necessary for the Veterans Administration to successfully adjust within the United States' health care framework. PMID- 7021738 TI - Design and behavioral strategies for cost containment and quality assurance. AB - The design and behavioral strategies for cost containment and quality assurance in hospitals are related closely to similar issues in larger organizations. Using a taxonomy developed by Georgopoulos it is possible to develop a research outline examining design and behavioral strategies. The most important determinant of the shape and direction of these strategies in the VA medical care system appears to be its environmental constraints. For each of the seven categories presented by Georgopoulos, the nature of the VA is discussed and specific research questions are proposed. The seven categories include adaptation, allocation, coordination, integration, strain, output, and maintenance. PMID- 7021739 TI - The hypothesis on the evolution of Wuchereria bancrofti. PMID- 7021740 TI - Clinical trial on Indapamide in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7021741 TI - Proceedings of the Society for Endocrinology. The Dale Medallist 1980. PMID- 7021742 TI - Insulin release and steroid-hormone binding in isolated islets of langerhans in the rat: effects of ovariectomy. AB - Ovariectomized rats showed a 30% increase in body weight and food intake over a 9 day period after operation. When pair-fed with normal controls, they had comparatively higher fasting serum levels of glucose and lower levels of insulin and progesterone than the normal rats. Treatment with oestradiol reversed these results. Insulin release from islets isolated from ovariectomized rats was significantly lower than from those of normal controls; the secretory responses were improved after administration of oestradiol to ovariectomized rats. Cytosol receptors for progesterone and oestradiol were measured in a 105 000 g supernatant fraction of islets from normal, ovariectomized and oestrogen-treated ovariectomized rats. Progesterone-receptor binding was dramatically reduced after ovariectomy but was restored to normal levels by oestradiol treatment of the rats. Oestradiol-receptor binding was not significantly affected by ovariectomy but was increased several fold by oestrogen treatment of ovariectomized rats. These results suggest that islets of Langerhans contain receptors for both progesterone and oestradiol, and that this receptor population is subject to change. Progesterone--but not oestradiol--receptor measurements could be correlated with alterations in the rates of secretion of insulin from islets. Oestrogen administration in vivo had profound effects on subsequent insulin release from islets, though this may have been mediated by way of an increase in the quantity of the progesterone receptor. PMID- 7021743 TI - Involvement of lysosomal enzymes in mouse embryo implantation: effect of the anti oestrogen, CI-628 citrate. AB - Implantation of embryos was studied in mice which had bee ovariectomized on the afternoon of day 4 of pregnancy and injected intraperitoneally with a non steroidal antioestrogen or control injection. Normal implantations were obtained in the latter mice as indicated from the positive blue-dye sites when animals were killed late in the evening of day 4. Exposure to CI-628, however, led to a significant inhibition in the number of implantations and only a small percentage of the mice exposed to the steroid antagonist showed normal implantation sites. Study of a few lysosomal enzymes in uterine tissues at the time of early embryo attachment revealed a striking change in the activity of leucyl naphthylamidase. The enzyme showed a reduction in its activity only in uterine which contained attached blastocysts. Acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and non-specific esterase did not show any such implantation-specific changes in their activity patterns. A possible role of leucyl naphthylamidase in the attachment of the embryo to the wall of the uterus has been explored. PMID- 7021744 TI - Effect of progesterone on lipid metabolism in the intact rat. AB - Females rats implanted with progesterone gained weight more rapidly than control animals and had an increased proportion of total body fat. Restriction of food intake to control levels demonstrated that the weight changes was not dependent on increased energy intake. Serum concentrations of cholesterol, phospholipid and non-esterified fatty acid were raised in hormone-treated rats but triglyceride levels were normal. Endogenous production of triglyceride was also unchanged. Total postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity was increased in the plasma of progesterone-treated rats largely due to increased release of the extrahepatic protamine sulphate-labile fraction. The basal rate of lipogenesis was also increased in adipocytes isolated from hormone-treated rats as was the insulin stimulated rate of oxidation of[1-14 C]glucose. Basal and adrenaline-stimulated rates of fat cell lipolysis were, however, unchanged by treatment with progesterone. PMID- 7021745 TI - Subcutaneous implantation for the biological evaluation of endodontic materials. PMID- 7021746 TI - Microleakage of softened temporary restorations as determined by microorganism penetration. PMID- 7021747 TI - The triage of stroke rehabilitation. AB - In this paper we describe the use of triage to select patients for a trial in which a comparison was made of the effectiveness of a stroke unit and medical units in the rehabilitation of acute stroke. Completing the triage for hospital admission of stroke enabled an estimate to be made of the size of a stroke unit per unit of population. PMID- 7021748 TI - Expression of Forssman antigen in the post-implantation mouse embryo. AB - The expression of Forssman antigen on the surface of cells of post-implantation mouse embryos between 5 and 7 1/2 days old and of cells of the gonads from 10 1/2 days has been followed using the monoclonal antiserum M1/22.25. In the early post implantation embryo a lineage-related distribution is found. The inner cell mass of the blastocyst was previously shown to be Forssman antigen positive and its derivative tissues the epiblast of the 5-day embryo and the primary embryonic endoderm are also positive. The endoderm cells remain positive both over the embryonic and extraembryonic portions of the embryo but the epiblast becomes Forssman antigen negative as it differentiates into embryonic ectoderm. The extraembryonic ectoderm which is derived from the Forssman negative trophectoderm remains negative throughout. The primordial germ cells are Forssman antigen positive from their first appearance in the germinal ridge until day 14 when they become negative but after that time it is other cells not related by direct lineage which become Forssman antigen positive. These are tentatively identified as Sertoli cells precursors as it is the Sertoli cells which are the antigen positive population in the adult testis. PMID- 7021749 TI - The behaviour of embryonic chick and quail tissues in culture. AB - Pieces of tissue were dissected from early chick and quail embryos (Stages XIII and XIV of Eyal-Giladi & Kochav, 1976; and stages 3-5 of Hamburger & Hamilton, 1951). These tissues were taken from three different regions of the early embryos, and from eight different regions of the older ones, and were derived mainly from the lower layer. Epiblast tissues were also used. The experiments were designed to test the ability of one tissue to penetrate another. A single tissue was grown in culture in a Falcon dish for 18-24 h until it had formed a coherent sheet of cells (Explant I). A second tissue was then combined with it in one of two ways: (a) A small piece of tissue (Explant II) was explanted on top of Explant I. In most cases Explant II penetrated through Explant I and spread on the Falcon dish. (b) Another small piece of tissue (Explant III) was explanted beside (in confrontation with) Explant I. Usually, Explant III penetrated into Explant I rather than vice versa. The results were analysed to see if there were any variations in behaviour of the different tissues. The main result was that important differences were found to exist between certain types of chick and quail cells when grown in culture; the implications of this finding for the widely used technique of xenoplastic grafting are mentioned. Another result was that Explant I was more likely to be penetrated when the second tissue was placed on top of it (Explant II) than when it was confronted with it (Explant III). The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 7021750 TI - Control of neurite extension by embryonic heart explants. AB - The dynamics of neurite outgrowth elicited by embryonic chick heart explants in sympathetic, spinal, ciliary and Remak's ganglia were investigated in collagen gel cocultures. Neurites emerged preferentially on the side facing the heart explants even after only 6 h and continued to increase in density and length for the next 2 days. Removal of the heart explants after only initial stimulation resulted in less-dense neurite outgrowth. Washing of such cultures led to retraction or degeneration of neurites, effects which could be countered by again adding heart explants. Addition of a second set of heart explants on the back of ganglia initiated a second wave of neuritic outgrowth locally. Ganglia extracted from gels separate from their fibre halos and transferred to a second gel did not regenerate neurites unless again stimulated by heart explants. Neurites from additional, distally positioned ganglia failed to advance into parts of the gel shadowed from the heart explants by proximal ganglia. The asymmetry of neurite outgrowths may be explained by local chemokinetic stimulation of extension, possibly in combination with chemotactic orientation of fibre tips up concentration gradients. The results show that the extension of several categories of ganglionic neurites was reversible, being controlled by the concentration of a soluble neuronotrophic factor released from a developing end organ. PMID- 7021751 TI - Role of the major histocompatibility complex in T cell activation of B cell subpopulations Lyb-5+ and Lyb-5- B cell subpopulations differ in their requirement for major histocompatibility complex-restricted T cell recognition. AB - This report has examined the requirements for T helper (T(H)) cell recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants expressed by B cells for the activation of unprimed Lyb-5(+) and Lyb-5(-) B cell subpopulations . The generation of primary T(H) cell-dependent plaque-forming cell responses in vitro microculture required the presence of Lyb-5(+) B cells because B cell populations that were deprived, either genetically or serologically, of the Lyb-5(+) subpopulation were not activated in these responses. Cell-mixing experiments in which A X B {arrow} A chimeric T(H) cells were mixed with purified populations of parental accessory cells and parental B cells demonstrated that the in vitro activation of Lyb-5(+) B cells did not require T(H) cell recognition of B cell MHC determinants, although it did require T(H) cell recognition of accessory cell MHC determinants . In contrast to the failure of Lyb-5(-) B cells to be activated in primary T(H) cell-dependent responses in vitro microculture, isolated populations of Lyb-5(-) B cells were triggered by T(H) cells in vivo in short term adoptive transfer experiments . By the use of A X B {arrow} A chimeric T(H) cells and parental strain B adoptive hosts, it was possible in vivo to distinguish genetically restricted T(H) cell recognition of B cells from genetically restricted T(H) cell recognition of accessory cells. Similar to the results obtained in vitro, the activation in vivo of unfractionated (Lyb-5(+) plus Lyb-5(-)) B cell populations did not require T(H) cell recognition of B cell MHC determinants . In contrast, in the same in vivo responses activation of isolated populations of Lyb-5(-) B cells did require T(H) cell recognition of B cell MHC determinants. The most straightforward interpretation of these experiments is that T(H) cell recognition of B cell MHC determinants is required for the activation of Lyb-5(-) B cells but is not required for the activation of Lyb-5(+) B cells . To better understand why T(H) cell activation of one B cell subpopulation is genetically restricted, whereas activation of another subpopulation is not, the response of Lyb-5(+) and Lyb-5(-) B cells to the soluble activating factors present in concanavalin A-induced spleen cell supernates (Con A SN) was examined. It was observed that Lyb-5(-) B cells, as opposed to Lyb-5(+) B cells, were unable to respond in microculture to the nonspecific T(H) cell- activating factors present in Con A SN, even though they were able to nonspecifically respond under the same conditions to trinitrophenyllipopolysaccharide. It was observed that the ability of B cell subpopulations to respond to nonspecific soluble T cell factors paralleled their ability to be activated by T(H) cells in a genetically unrestricted manner. Thus, the present experiments demonstrate that activation by T(H) cells of Lyb-5(-) B cells is MHC restricted, whereas activation of Lyb-5(+) B cells is not. These experiments suggest that one possible explanation for such differences is that activation of Lyb-5(+) B cells does not require direct interaction with T(H) cells because they can be activated by soluble activation signals that T(H) cells secrete. PMID- 7021752 TI - Auricular chondritis in rats. An experimental model of relapsing polychondritis induced with type II collagen. AB - Outbred Wistar rats immunized with native type II collagen developed ear lesions resembling those of human relapsing chondritis. As in human disease, these lesions were characterized by intense chondritis, positive immunofluorescence reactions to IgG and C3, and circulating IgG reactive with native type II collagen. Furthermore, electron-dense deposits were seen near the surface of chondrocytes and corresponded with deposits of IgG and C3. These observations suggest a causal relation between humoral immunity to type II collagen and auricular chondritis in the rat and support the hypothesis than human relapsing polychondritis is an autoimmune disease mediated by immunity to type II collagen. PMID- 7021753 TI - Monitoring of therapeutic serum concentrations of antiepileptic drugs by a newly developed gas chromatographic procedure and enzyme immunoassay (EMIT): a comparative study. AB - A gas chromatographic procedure for the simultaneous determination of carbamazepine, phenobarbital and phenytoin using SP 2510 DA as stationary phase is presented. The antiepileptic drugs are determined simultaneously without derivatisation under isothermal conditions by a flame ionisation detector. The gas chromatographic procedure can be easily mechanized. The coefficient of variation for the precision from day to day is 8.9% for carbamazepine, 7.0% for phenobarbital and 4.3% for phenytoin as calculated from single determinations. The deviations from the target value of spiked pool sera range from 4.3 to 9.5%. The gas chromatographic results of this method and of determinations by Dexsil 300 for primidone and SP 1000 for ethosuximide are compared with the corresponding enzyme immunoassays (EMIT). The precision of the gas chromatographic methods is somewhat better than EMIT. When patients' sera are analysed by both procedures the results show no clinically relevant differences. It can be concluded that the different methods are interchangeable and may be selected according to practical necessities. PMID- 7021754 TI - A new enzymatic method for the demonstration of choline in human seminal stains. AB - A new, simple method for the identification of seminal stains based on the reaction of choline oxidase with choline is presented. The key reaction is the production of hydrogen peroxide by the oxidase action on choline, whereby hydrogen peroxide reacts with N-ethyl-N-(3-methylphenyl)-N'-acetylethylenediamine and 4-aminoantipyrine (ampyrone) in the presence of peroxidase to produce a purple color so that seminal fluid can be identified. Some data are presented on the sensitivity, stability, and specificity of the present method. PMID- 7021755 TI - Prehospital mobile emergency care in Miami, Florida. An historical commentary. PMID- 7021756 TI - Pensacola's early hospitals. PMID- 7021757 TI - Florida and the Spanish flu. PMID- 7021758 TI - A double blind study on short-term cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7021759 TI - Effect on solute size on diffusion rates through the transmembrane pores of the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. AB - Nutrients usually cross the outer membrane of Escherichia coli by diffusion through water-filled channels surrounded by a specific class of protein, porins. In this study, the rates of diffusion of hydrophilic nonelectrolytes, mostly sugars and sugar alcohols, through the porin channels were determined in two systems, (a) vesicles reconstituted from phospholipids and purified porin and (b) intact cells of mutant strains that produce many fewer porin molecules than wild type strains. The diffusion rates were strongly affected by the size of the solute, even when the size was well within the "exclusion limit" of the channel. In both systems, hexoses and hexose disaccharides diffused through the channel at rates 50-80% and 2-4%, respectively, of that of a pentose, arabinose. Application of the Renkin equation to these data led to the estimate that the pore radius is approximately 0.6 nm, if the pore is assumed to be a hollow cylinder. The results of the study also show that the permeability of the outer membrane of the wild type E. coli cell to glucose and lactose can be explained by the presence of porin channels, that a significant fraction of these channels must be functional or "open" under our conditions of growth, and that even 10(5) channels per cell could become limiting when E. coli tries to grow at a maximal rate on low concentrations of slowly penetrating solutes, such as disaccharides. PMID- 7021760 TI - John Howard Northrop. PMID- 7021761 TI - Protein synthesis in cell-free extracts of Coxiella burnetti. AB - Some aspects of protein biosynthesis were investigated in extracts of the obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetti. Sucrose gradient analysis revealed small quantities of 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits, few 70S ribosomes and no polysomes. Functional endogenous mRNA was not detected. In translation of exogenously added poly(U), extracts required Mg2+ (17 mM) and NH4+ (60 mM) for optimal polyphenylalanine synthesis; the optimum MG2+ requirement differed from that of Escherichia coli. The translation of coliphage Q beta RNA by C. burnetti extracts required Mg2+ (13 mM), NH4+ (60 mM) and an energy source for polypeptide synthesis, and was sensitive to chloramphenicol but not to cycloheximide. Under optimal conditions, the translation of Q beta RNA proceeded at a rate and to an extent equal to that obtained in a conventional E. coli system. Electrophoretic analysis of translation products made during incubation of C. burnetti extracts with polycistronic Q beta RNA revealed a major product with a molecular weight of about 14 000; this product co-electrophoresed with the coat protein extracted from Q beta phage propagated in E. coli. The results suggested that the extracellular form of the rickettsia-like organism, C. burnetti, possessed the full array of components necessary for the initiation, elongation and termination of polypeptides. PMID- 7021762 TI - Genetic separation of purine transport from phosphoribosyltransferase activity in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Two mutants of Salmonella typhimurium were isolated which differ from their respective parental strains in their growth responses to guanine and xanthine. Both mutants had purine phosphoribosyltransferase activities similar to their parental strains. One mutant, CB-3, had a lower guanine uptake rate apparently caused by a genetic lesion in a specific gene (designated guaP) responsible for facilitating the transport of guanine. This gene mapped at 3.5 min in the sequence azi-guaP-nadC. The second mutant, GP103, had a purine carrier molecule with altered specificity, as demonstrated by a competition between hypoxanthine and xanthine for uptake. PMID- 7021763 TI - Major outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli strains of human origin. AB - The major outer membrane protein patterns of 45 Escherichia coli strains of human origin were compared with that of E. coli K12 by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Preparations of the former strains contained between two and five major bands in the molecular weight range between 30 000 and 42 000. The patterns were very heterogeneous with respect to the numbers and electrophoresis mobilities of the major outer membrane protein bands. In all cases the fastest moving band was characterized as a protein similar to the ompA protein of strain K12 as it was partially degraded by trypsin and reacted specifically with antiserum against the purified omp A protein in a gel immuno radioassay. All the other major outer membrane proteins are related to the ompC and ompF proteins (the porins) of strain K12 as they were peptidoglycan associated and reacted with antisera against the purified ompC and/or ompF proteins. PMID- 7021764 TI - The association of the O18, K1 and H7 antigens and the Co1V plasmid of a strain of Escherichia coli with its virulence and immunogenicity. AB - From an O18ac:K1:H7 ColV+ strain of Escherichia coli (designated MW) that had caused meningitis in a human baby, mutant forms were isolated that lacked different combinations of its O, K and H antigens and its ColV plasmid. These characters were also transmitted by conjugation to E. coli K12 and the virulence, immunogenicity and other properties of the different forms of both strains were studied. All the forms of the MW strain that lacked either the O18 or K1 antigens or the ColV plasmid, but not the H7 antigen, were much less virulent for chickens and mice than the parent form of MW. Another form derived by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (NTG) treatment of the parent strain and that possessed all these four characters was also much less virulent. Some of the forms of the K12 strain to which the characters had been transferred were slightly more virulent than the K12 parent, but the virulence of all of them, including one possessing the O18 and K1 antigens and the ColV plasmid, did not approach that of the MW parent. Pathogenesis studies in chickens and colostrum-deprived calves revealed that the loss of virulence exhibited by the forms of the MW strain that lacked O18, K1 and ColV and by the NTG-derived form was associated with decreased ability to invade the body. This was also the reason for the ow virulence of the forms of the K12 strain that had acquired these characters. Possession of both the O18 and K1 antigens was largely responsible for the ability of the different forms of the MW strain to survive in fresh chicken serum; organisms of K12 that possessed the K1 antigen survived as long as those of the parent form of the MW strain. A substantial degree of immunity against lethal infection with the parent form of the MW strain was produced in chickens and mice by all the forms of the MW and K12 strains that possessed the O18 antigen. The K1 and H7 antigens and the ColV plasmid produced no detectable immunity. PMID- 7021765 TI - Restriction mediated by pAV2 affects the transfer of plasmids in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. AB - The naturally occurring plasmid pAV2 restricts the entry of the P class plasmid RP4 and the W class plasmids R388 and S-a into Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain EBF65/65 from Escherichia coli. The W class plasmids only transfer from E. coli into pAV2-strains. Plasmid RP4 is modified in the presence of pAV2 such that it is no longer restricted on entry into pAV2 recipients of strain EBF65/65. PMID- 7021766 TI - Behaviour of bacteriophage Mu in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus EBF65/65. AB - Transfer of RP4::Mu plasmids from Escherichia coli K12 to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus EBF65/65 was very inefficient compared with RP4 and was only detectable to strains of EBF65/65 lacking pAV2, a cryptic plasmid thought to code for a restriction/modification system. RP4::Mu-derived plasmids transferred from pAV2-strains of EBF65/65 back to E. coli K12 were found to carry defective prophages which had lost the ability to produce detectable phage particles. Re transfer of these defective plasmids from hsm kappa + and hsm kappa strains of E. coli K12 back to EBF65/65, when compared with the transfer of RP4, provided evidence for a second restriction/modification system in EBF65/65 which affected mainly Mu DNa. Using a mutant Mu prophage, Mu cts62 r23, it was possible to obtain RP4::Mu plasmids in EBF65/65 which were non-defective. These produced viable Mu particles when transferred back to E. coli K12 and could also be thermoinduced in EBF65/65; however, expression of Mu in EBF65/65 was very poor and plaques were only detected on a restrictionless strain of E. coli K12. 'Plasmid suicide by Mu' may enable the development of a method for directed chromosome mobilization in A. calcoaceticus. PMID- 7021767 TI - Superoxide dismutase, peroxidatic activity and catalase in Mycobacterium leprae purified from armadillo liver. AB - Superoxide dismutase has been identified and peroxidatic activity demonstrated in Mycobacterium leprae. The superoxide dismutase, shown indirectly to be a manganese-containing enzyme, was present at low activity in the cell-free extract. Peroxidatic activity was detected in a haemoprotein on polyacrylamide gels, but quantitative assay was not possible. Catalase, although present in a cell-free extract, appeared to be a host-derived enzyme, thus emphasizing the importance of establishing the authenticity of enzyme activities in host-derived M. leprae. The implications for the growth of M. leprae in vivo and its non cultivability are discussed in the light of these findings. PMID- 7021768 TI - Assessment of hypokinesia in Parkinsonism. AB - The measurement of movement time provides a satisfactory objective measure of hypokinesia in parkinsonism. It is relatively constant in normal subjects, and it is often greatly prolonged in parkinsonism and correlates with clinical disability. The reaction time is only of limited value, because of small difference from normal values and wide individual variations. PMID- 7021769 TI - Recent advances in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: the role of bromocriptine. AB - We have treated 102 Parkinson patients with bromocriptine for up to 6 years; most of these posed problems of management when referred to us. Forty-two continue to take bromocriptine, at a mean dose of 49 mg daily (range 10-160), in combination with some 50% of their previous optimal dose of levodopa (with or without a decarboxylase inhibitor). We consider the main indications for bromocriptine are severe dyskinesia, early morning dystonia, and "wearing off" reactions. Contraindications include hallucinations, delusions, substantial confusion, acute myocardial infarction, active peptic ulceration, and active pleuropulmonary disease. PMID- 7021770 TI - Value of serial stereotactic biopsies and impedance monitoring in the treatment of deep brain tumours. AB - Thirty-five patients with deep brain tumours have been submitted to transtumoral stereotactic impedance monitoring and serial biopsy. The direct examination of the biopsy samples confirmed the presumptive clinical and neuroradiological diagnosis in 25 patients, but in 10 patients the histological diagnosis differed from the presumptive one. In this second group the treatment was changed as a result of the histological findings. Stereotactic biopsy avoided the risks of "blind" management. The technique, the indications and the diagnostic advantages of stereotactic biopsy are reported with two illustrative cases. PMID- 7021771 TI - Uprighting abutment teeth: a multidisciplinary approach. PMID- 7021772 TI - Stereotactic exploration of deep-seated or surgically unamenable intracranial space-occupying lesions. AB - Stereotactic biopsy of surgically unamenable intracranial lesions has been performed in our Neurosurgical Division since 1977. Riechert's apparatus is employed. An originally developed biopsy instrument and its advantages are described. Stereotactic coordinates of the biopsy site are found by CT scanner data using the technique described earlier by us. The series consists of 20 patients in whom a variable number of biopsy samples (from 1 to 5) was taken. Mortality and morbidity were nil. In 2 cases the stereotactic exploration led to a therapeutic maneuver: a cystic craniopharingioma and a cerebellar hematoma were extirpated. The clinical, neurological and histological features of 5 paradigmatic cases are illustrated. The relevance of histological diagnosis for adequate treatment is stressed. The indications for this surgical procedure are discussed. PMID- 7021774 TI - Annual directory of consultants to nursing administration. PMID- 7021773 TI - The saga of scintigraphy in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7021775 TI - Aileen Hogan: in memoriam. PMID- 7021776 TI - Spokeswoman for midwifery: Aileen Hogan. PMID- 7021777 TI - Louyse Bourgeois and the emergence of modern midwifery. PMID- 7021778 TI - Effects of estrogen on the responses of male and female rats to starvation refeeding. AB - The effects of sex, castration and estrogen treatment of castrated rats subjected to starvation-refeeding were studied. Food intakes, liver lipid levels and the activities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme in ad libitum fed, starved and starved-refed rats were determined. Sex differences observed in the intact ad libitum-fed rats could be explained in part by the differences in estrogen levels. Sex differences were obliterated in the starved-refed intact rats but were observed when castrated female starved-refed rats were compared to castrated male starved-refed rats. The differences could not be erased with the administration of estrogen. Estrogen significantly reduced food intake of castrated rats. Results of this study suggest that the characteristically higher liver lipid level and enzyme activity in the female, compared to the male, may reflect the female's tendency to undereat when circulating estrogen levels are high and to compensate (by overeating) for this undereating when estrogen levels are low. PMID- 7021779 TI - 30th anniversary of caries preventive dentifrice. PMID- 7021780 TI - Contemporary federal medical and health issues. A position statement of the Oklahoma State Medical Association. PMID- 7021781 TI - Long-term follow-up donor and recipient sites after autologous bone grafts for reconstruction of the facial skeleton. PMID- 7021782 TI - Severe facial and cervical infections associated with gas-producing bacteria: report of two cases. PMID- 7021783 TI - Bone sutures for labial vestibuloplasty. PMID- 7021784 TI - The frequency of Legionella infection prospectively determined in children hospitalized with pneumonia. PMID- 7021785 TI - Cortical hyperostosis after administration of prostaglandin E. PMID- 7021786 TI - Trichinella spiralis: partial characterization of antigens isolated by immuno affinity chromatography from the large-particle fraction of the muscle larvae. AB - A large-particle fraction, derived from muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis by a combination of homogenization and differential centrifugation, was treated with 0.1% Triton X-100 and then centrifuged at high speed in order to obtain the soluble portion of this fraction (i.e., S3 fraction). The S3 fraction was then subjected to immuno-affinity chromatography. The antigens were eluted from the column using glycine-HCl buffer (pH 2.5). All 20 antigens were recovered from the S3 fraction in quantities that permitted physical, chemical, and biological determinations to be made on them. Antigens analyzed on SDS-PAGE ranged in molecular weight from 105,000 to 11,000 daltons Their isoelectric points were estimated with slab gel isoelectric focusing and ranged in pI from 4.0 to 9.0. The column-purified antigens were injected into mice together with an equal volume of Freund's complete adjuvant, and 2 wk later all mice were each challenged with 200 muscle larvae given orally. Immunized mice harbored 84% fewer muscle larvae at day 30 postinfection than controls, and were as immune as those mice receiving whole S3 (86% reduction). These results showed that protection inducing antigens can be separated from the nonprotective portion of the muscle larva by immuno-affinity chromatography without loss of protection-inducing activity. PMID- 7021787 TI - Autoantibodies to red blood cells in rats infected with Plasmodium berghei. AB - A radio-iodinated Protein A (125SPA) binding assay was used to identify autoantibodies to red blood cells (RBC's) in sera of rats infected with Plasmodium berghei. Sera taken from rats at various times after infection were reacted with washed, normal RBC's, then the RBC's were washed and treated with 125SPA. The bound radioactivity was taken as a measure of the amount of Ig attached to the RBC's membranes. Using this test, anti-RBC autoantibodies were detected in rat sera as early as 5 days after infection. The level of the autoantibodies rose to a maximum at 12 to 14 days, at which time parasitemia was also maximal, then declined sharply. Autoantibodies were still detectable at 21 days after infection. Red blood cells from infected rats had readily detectable, membrane-bound Ig, as shown by their capacity to bind 125SPA directly. The amount of this Ig rose and fell in a fashion closely paralleling course of parasitemia. PMID- 7021788 TI - Raccoon babesiosis in Connecticut, USA: Babesia lotori sp. n. AB - A species of Babesia which infects raccoons, Procyon lotor, is described and named Babesia lotori. Twelve of 14 raccoons captured from five counties in Connecticut developed parasitemia after splenectomy. Preoperative levels were subpatent or less than 1%. Parasitemia peaked anywhere from less than 5% to 36.6% in splenectomized raccoons, and all but one survived and possessed low infection rates (less than or equal to 3%) at the end of the experiment. An indirect fluorescent antibody test is described and shown to be useful in detecting antibodies to B. lotori. Seropositive raccoons were obtained from six counties. Two, Babesia-free, splenectomized raccoons developed parasitemia with corresponding increases in antibody titers after they were inoculated with infected blood. Antibody titers of naturally infected raccoons following splenectomy either remained stable or increased fourfold. Babesia was observed in three of four young raccoons which had been naturally confined to chimneys. Two of these four young raccoons were infested with a nest-dwelling tick, Ixodes texanus. PMID- 7021789 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: selective isolation of pure trypomastigotes from cultured muscle cells. AB - Trypomastigote or trypomastigote-amastigote populations of Trypanosoma cruzi (Y strain, MERC 2C) entirely free of epimastigotes were obtained from infected muscle cell cultures, and separated from host-cell debris by passage through a DEAE-cellulose column. Approximately 75% of the parasites were recovered and mouse infectivity titrations with postcolumn trypomastigotes showed only a slight reduction in infectivity compared to starting material. Light and electron microscopic examination of material showed a high degree of purity had been achieved by the column procedure. No host-cell debris could be identified in the eluate and parasites were morphologically intact. Enumeration of trypomastigotes and amastigotes in mixed populations before and after column purification showed that there was no preferential loss of either stage and both had the same residence time. This procedure may be used to obtain clean, minimally altered, parasite material free of the invertebrate epimastigote stage and host-cell debris for studies which are sensitive to these contaminants. PMID- 7021790 TI - A simple apparatus for large-scale production of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. PMID- 7021791 TI - Comparison of bone graft materials. Part I. New bone formation with autografts and allografts determined by Strontium-85. AB - The purpose of this study was to obtain a direct comparison of the bone forming abilities of autogenous osseous coagulum, autogenous bone blend, freeze-dried bone allograft, and decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft. Defects were created in the calvaria of 35 guinea pigs. The graft materials were placed in porous nylon chambers and implanted into the defects. Empty nylon chambers served as the controls. Three days prior to sacrifice, each animal received an injection of 85Sr. The animals were killed in groups of five at 3, 7, 14, 21 28, 35, and 42 days. At sacrifice, a small section of ilium was removed from each animal. The samples were recovered, weighed, and the uptake of 85Sr into new bone determined. An osteogenic index was obtained by dividing cpm/mg for each sample by cpm/mg of ilium. It was concluded that in this model system decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft is a graft material of high osteogenic potential while autogenous bone blend and osseous coagulum were of less potential, and freeze-dried bone allograft even less. PMID- 7021792 TI - Comparison of bone graft materials. Part II. New bone formation with autografts and allografts: a histological evaluation. AB - The purpose of this study was to make a direct histological comparison of new bone formation evoked by decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft, freeze-dried bone allograft, autogenous osseous coagulum, and autogenous bone blend. Defects were surgically created in the calvaria of 35 guinea pigs. The graft materials were placed in porous nylon chambers and implanted into the defects. Implanted empty nylon chambers served as controls. The animals were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days. New bone formation was determined quantitatively from histologic preparations. It was concluded that, in this model system, decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft is a graft material of high osteogenic potential; autogenous osseous coagulum and bone blend of less potential, and freeze-dried bone allograft even less. PMID- 7021793 TI - Comparison of neutrophil chemotactic response in diabetic patients with mild and severe periodontal disease. PMID- 7021794 TI - The composition of the subgingival microbiota after periodontal therapy. PMID- 7021795 TI - Anger expression in the Picture-Frustration study under stressful conditions. AB - In order to study anger expression in health and illness, the Rosenzweig Picture Frustration study was administered to hospitalized depressives, parents of seriously ill children, and healthy controls. A follow-up study then compared responses of acutely and chronically ill adults. Externally directed aggression was lower in people experiencing more severe stress, and was negatively correlated with external locus of control and with depression. It is suggested that within limits outer-direction of blame for frustration may characterize unstressed, well-adjusted people, and that further research with the Rosenzweig in relation to assertion training would be valuable. PMID- 7021796 TI - Purification of superoxide dismutases from human placenta using immunoadsorbent columns. AB - Copper and zinc containing-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), and manganese containing-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) were purified form human placenta with immunoadsorbent columns using anti-human SOD-antibody conjugated Sepharose 4B. The final preparation has a high purity with a good recovery. The Cu,Zn-SOD purified by an immunoadsorbent column had less zinc content and was more labile than the native Cu,Zn-SOD, but this difference disappeared completely by dialyzing the enzyme obtained by immunoadsorbent column against the buffer containing 1mM ZnCl2. Other enzymological properties of two SODs were identical with that of native SODs. PMID- 7021797 TI - Characterization of aminoindamines and aminoindoanilines formed by oxidative hair dyeing and their mutagenicity. AB - 2-Amino-5-methoxy-2'(or 3')-methylindamine and 2-amino-5-methoxy-2'(or 3') methylindoaniline were isolated from a coloring matter formed by oxidative condensation of 2,5-diaminotoluene with 2,4-diaminoanisole, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectral data. These two main components of the oxidation product formed at the early stage exhibited a positive result in the mutagenicity test on the thin-layer chromatography plate. The mutagenic activities of purified aminoindamines and aminoindoanilines against Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 were as strong as that of 2-acetamidofluorene. It was also demonstrated that 5-methoxy-2'(or 3') methylindamine was formed in 10% yield under the conditions used for hair dyeing and the yield was dependent upon the molar ratio of 2,5-diaminotoluene to 2,4 diaminoanisole. PMID- 7021798 TI - Why did Van Gogh cut off his ear? The problem of alternative explanations in psychobiography. AB - One of the tasks of personality psychology is to explain the behavior of individual human beings. Vincent Van Gogh, for example, cut off the lower half of his left ear and gave it to a prostitute. More than a dozen different explanations of his actions have been proposed. Is one of these explanations true, are all of them true, or, perhaps, are none of them true? And how can we know? This incident is examined in order to explore some of the problems in applying personality theories to the life of a single individual. A sequential procedure for generating and critically evaluating alternative explanatory conjectures is presented a a partial, although not a complete, solution to the problem of multiple interpretations. PMID- 7021799 TI - Effects of intraventricular morphine and enkephalins on locomotor activity in nondependent, morphine-dependent and postdependent rats. PMID- 7021800 TI - Influence of external calcium ions on labelled calcium efflux from pancreatic beta-cells and insulin granules in mice. AB - Addition of Ca2+ to a glucose-free perifusion medium stimulated the efflux of 45Ca from prelabelled pancreatic islets isolated from ob/ob-mice. This effect differed from that of glucose in being transient, markedly stimulated by previous exposure to a Ca2+-deficient medium and resulting in mobilization also of substantial amounts of 45Ca incorporated in the absence of glucose. The glucose action on 45Ca efflux reflected the balance between inhibitory and stimulatory components which differed with respect to their chronological order and sensitivity to glucose. The magnitude of the stimulatory phase was related linearly to the extracellular concentration of Ca2+ up to 2.40 mM. The efflux of 45Ca from isolated secretory granules was stimulated by Mg-ATP. The latter made the 45Ca efflux from the granules sensitive to Ca2+; significant stimulation being seen when increasing the medium Ca2+ from 0.1 to 10 microM. The results support the concept of an efficient Ca/Ca exchange mechanism in the depolarized beta-cells, emphasizing a role for the secretory granules in this process. PMID- 7021802 TI - An analysis of causes of fracture of acrylic resin dentures. AB - The causes of midline fracture of dentures are discussed in both clinical and materials science terms. Many midline fractures can be avoided by the application of established prosthodontic principles in constructing and maintaining dentures. Improvements in the resins and processing techniques can also reduce the incidence of midline fracture. The most promising approach to preventing or reducing the incidence of this problem appears to be reinforcement in the anterior part of the palate of the denture. PMID- 7021801 TI - The effect of insulin upon the influx of tryptophan into the brain of the rabbit. AB - 1. The effect of hyperinsulinaemia upon the influx of tryptophan into the brain was determined. A raised level of insulin was maintained in the circulation of rabbits for periods of up to 120 min by means of a continuous, programmed intravenous injection of the hormone, given by an electronically controlled variable-drive syringe. A similar, appropriately programmed, intravenous injection of glucose, given simultaneously with the insulin, maintained the concentration of the blood glucose within normal limits throughout each experiment, so that the results were not vitiated by the development of hypoglycaemia. 2. Raised levels of insulin in the blood affect the supply of tryptophan to the brain in two opposing ways: (a) by increasing the binding of tryptophan to the albumin in the blood, thereby reducing the level of the free tryptophan in the circulation by about a half, which would decrease the influx of tryptophan into the brain; (b) by simultaneously reducing the levels in the blood of six or more of the amino acids which compete with tryptophan for transport carriers into the brain, which would increase the influx of tryptophan. The net result of these two opposing effects is that insulin causes only a slight increase in the influx of tryptophan into the brain. 3. To account in quantitative terms for the effect of insulin upon the influx of tryptophan into the brain it proved necessary to make one assumption. This assumption was that a predictable proportion of the tryptophan which is loosely bound to blood albumin is being stripped off this protein by the transport carrier located on the luminal surface membranes of the endothelial cells during the passage of the blood through the cerebral capillaries. If this assumption is accepted the work reported here explains adequately the effect of insulin on the influx of tryptophan into the brain. PMID- 7021803 TI - An analysis of the development of complete denture impression techniques. PMID- 7021804 TI - Esthetic parameters of mandibular anterior teeth. AB - Designing mandibular anterior fixed prostheses for good esthetics involves many factors. Factors which are, at least in part, functionally or phonetically determined are degree of vertical and horizontal overlap, curve and height of the teeth, anterior placement of the incisal edge, and incisal contacts. Design factors which must be appreciated and manipulated by the dentist in his prescription and in the fabrication techniques are overlap, incisal wear and facets, and height and variety of contact area. It is these design factors which are crucial to the esthetic success of a mandibular anterior fixed partial denture. PMID- 7021805 TI - A nonparallel cast post and core technique for teeth with divergent canals. PMID- 7021806 TI - Effect of pin depth on the dislodgement of pin-retained composite resin crown bases. PMID- 7021807 TI - Bond strength of cements to crown bases. AB - Amalgam crown bases provided more bond strength to cements than composite resin and cast gold. Modified zinc oxide-eugenol and polycarboxylate cements served better with composite resin bases. Modified zinc oxide-eugenol cement bonded to cast gold better than polycarboxylate and zinc phosphate cements. Polycarboxylate cement bonded to amalgam better than modified zinc oxide-eugenol and zinc phosphate cements. Amalgam was the material of choice for a crown base. PMID- 7021808 TI - A composite resin bonded to dental materials. PMID- 7021809 TI - Effects of opaque and porcelain surface texture on the color of ceramometal restorations. AB - This study demonstrated the difference between Hue, Chroma, and Value between Ceramco shades A3 and B1 when the porcelain and opaque textures were modified. Porcelain surface texture, whether rough or smooth, did not make a difference in Hue. However, the glossy type surface in the opaque layer shifted for shade A3 from yellow toward yellow-red, and toward yellow for shade B1. This study demonstrated that Chroma is greater for dull opaque than for glossy opaque with shade B1, but for shade A3 the statistical interaction between dull opaque and smooth porcelain texture decreased the Chroma. Value had essentially an additive effect of opaque and porcelain textures for shade A3. The smooth surface porcelain texture increased the Value of shade B1 compared to the rough porcelain surface. The interactions that occur between the texture of porcelain and opaque affecting color are complex phenomena. They may be related to the modification of light by transmission, absorption, refraction, scattering, and reflection. PMID- 7021810 TI - Using aluminous oxide abrasives in porcelain-bonded-to-metal fabrication. PMID- 7021811 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis against wound infection in emergency abdominal surgery. PMID- 7021812 TI - Preoperative skin depilation and its effect on postoperative wound infections. PMID- 7021813 TI - Surgery and hospitals in ancient Sri Lanka and India. PMID- 7021814 TI - The end of an era - the story of mass miniature chest radiography in the Royal Navy. PMID- 7021815 TI - The 1980 fluoridation campaigns: a discussion of results. PMID- 7021816 TI - James Mackenzie and coronary heart disease. AB - Sir James Mackenzie's writings, especially his Diseases of the Heart, suggest that ischaemic heart disease, including myocardial infarction, was common in England at the beginning of the twentieth century. PMID- 7021817 TI - The certifying surgeons. AB - The origin and work of the nineteenth century certifying surgeons is described. Their place within the broad spectrum of general practice is emphasized and their efforts to improve the welfare of children is noted. PMID- 7021818 TI - The response of murine macrophage colony-forming cells to endotoxin in C3Heb/FeJ and C3H/HeJ mice. PMID- 7021819 TI - A polymorphonuclear leukocyte monolayer system for studies of phagocytosis. PMID- 7021820 TI - The effect of endotoxin in eliciting agents on the activation of mouse macrophages for tumor cell killing. PMID- 7021821 TI - Opsonic fibronectin after trauma and particle injection determined by a peritoneal macrophage monolayer assay. PMID- 7021822 TI - Fixed sheep red blood cells as an in vivo reticuloendothelial system test particle in rats. PMID- 7021823 TI - Orthopaedic emergencies: a review. PMID- 7021824 TI - Epidemiology of cerebral palsy: a review. PMID- 7021825 TI - Palindromic rheumatism: a review. PMID- 7021826 TI - Hypnotherapy in the psychosomatic approach to illness: a review. PMID- 7021827 TI - Alphonse Laveran's discovery 100 years ago and today's global fight against malaria. PMID- 7021828 TI - The life and times of Sidney Spokes. PMID- 7021829 TI - The eradication of East Coast fever in South Africa. AB - An epizootic of East Coast fever followed the introduction of a highly fatal strain of Theileria parva parva into South Africa in 1902. This is a brief historical review of the campaign to control and finally eradicate the disease through tick control, quarantine and the slaughter of exposed cattle. The disease was responsible for an estimated 5.5 million deaths before its final eradication in 1954. PMID- 7021830 TI - [A special graduation ceremony 10 October 1980 the University of Pretoria awarding the honorary degree of DVSc to Prof. Emeritus Douw G Steyn]. PMID- 7021831 TI - Structure-activity relationships in dihydropteroate synthase inhibition by sulfanilamides. Comparison with the antibacterial activity. AB - A set of 12 acidic, 5 imidic, and 5 amidic sulfanilamides (SA) were tested for their inhibitory activity on dihydropteroate synthase of Escherichia coli. The enzyme inhibition indexes (EII50) were compared with the growth inhibition indexes (GII50), and electronic structures of SA and cell permeability effects were discussed as possible determinant factors of the observed variation of the activity in the SA set. The results strongly support the following conclusion: (a) permeability factors are highly effective in depressing the activity of SA in growth inhibition with respect to enzyme inhibition, but they do not appear to contribute significantly to the activity variation; (b) the activities of the different SA, both in growth and enzyme inhibition experiments, are well accounted for by the electronic features of these compounds. PMID- 7021832 TI - Sulfonate analogues of adenosine nucleotides as inhibitors of nucleotide-binding enzymes. AB - 2-(Adenin-9-yl)ethanesulfonic acid (1), 3-(adenin-9-yl)propanesulfonic acid (2), 9-(5-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-adenine-5'-sulfonic acid (3), and 9-(3-deoxy beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine-3'-sulfonic acid (4) were prepared by reaction of the corresponding chlorides by sodium sulfite (1-3) or by reaction of an epoxide with sodium hydrogen sulfite (4). They inhibited a typical nucleotide-binding enzyme, horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, with inhibition constants in the range of 0.18-4.9 mM at pH 8, 25 degrees C. PMID- 7021833 TI - An energy budget for Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) under laboratory conditions. PMID- 7021834 TI - The impact of technology on medicine: the impact of technology on clinical pathology over the last 25 years. PMID- 7021835 TI - Principles of real-time two-dimensional B-scan ultrasonic imaging. PMID- 7021836 TI - Incorporation of 3H-thymidine in Mycobacterium leprae within differentiated human macrophages. AB - The factors influencing the incorporation of 3H-thymidine (3H-Tdr) in the DNA of Mycobacterium leprae within macrophages derived from human blood have been evaluated. Fifty strains of M. leprae derived from skin nodules of patients with lepromatous leprosy were studied for their ability to incorporate 3H-Tdr. Control macrophages of the same donor maintained alone, or with autoclaved M. leprae, showed low levels of baseline 3H-Tdr incorporation. During a 15-day period of pulsing, 27 of the M. leprae strains incorporated 3H-Tdr at levels of 216-2834% of the incorporation by control cultures. Significant incorporation was observable by the second week of culture and cumulative increases occurred by the third week. A 24-h pulse with 3H-Tdr was inadequate for a detectable increase. A minimal duration of 4-5 days of continuous pulsing was required to obtain a significant increase in the incorporation of 3H-Tdr. Of the 50 M. leprae strains, 23 (46%) failed to incorporate the radiolabel. This failure was apparently not related to differences in the disease status of patients, to the transport conditions for the biopsies, to morphological indices of the extracted M. leprae or to the origin of the host macrophages. PMID- 7021837 TI - Tissue responses to the blastospores and hyphae of Candida albicans in the mouse. AB - Separate groups of mice challenged intravenously with either the blastospore or hyphal forms of the same strain of Candida albicans were examined for comparative mortality rates, organ localisation, and tissue and cellular response to the organisms. Blastospores were more rapidly and consistently fatal to mice than the hyphae. Relatively more hyphal elements than blastospores were initially localised in the lungs but more blastospores than hyphal elements were trapped in the liver. The cells of both forms were more effectively killed in the lungs than in other organs. Blastospores initially found in the kidneys increased rapidly in numbers, but hyphal inocula either grew slowly in the kidneys or were eliminated. After mice were challenged with either hyphae or blastospores the initial inflammatory response in the lungs and liver was predominantly of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but macrophages were the first inflammatory cells to be seen in kidney sections. Peripheral blood counts showed a leukocytosis in mice of both groups although only blastospores resulted in increased numbers of circulating atypical lymphocytes. The results indicated that lungs may play a more important role than other reticuloendothelial organs in innate resistance to vascular invasion by either of the morphological forms of C. albicans, and macrophages may be crucial to host resistance to renal invasion by this fungus. PMID- 7021838 TI - Haemolysis by urinary Escherichia coli and virulence in mice. AB - The influence of haemolysin production on virulence was studied in an experimental mouse model. Urinary strains of Escherichia coli can be divided into three virulence groups by determining their kinetics in the mouse kidney after intravenous injection. Virulent strains of groups II and III were more often haemolytic than avirulent group-I strains. Haemolytic virulent strains often caused haemoglobinuria in the mice, and killed the mice more rapidly than did non haemolytic virulent strains. No relationship was found between alpha-haemolytic activity and virulence in wild-type haemolytic strains. When haemolysin production was reduced or eliminated by treatment with actinomycin-D or rifampicin, six out of seven group-II strains tested gave the same results as avirulent group-I strains. However, the kinetics in the mouse kidney of four haemolytic group-III strains tested was not changed after reduction or elimination of haemolysin production; only a small decrease in toxicity was observed. It is concluded that haemolysin production by E. coli is a decisive virulence factor in most of the mouse-nephropathogenic group-II strains, but not in the virulent group-III strains. PMID- 7021839 TI - Responses of human peripheral lymphocytes to soluble and insoluble antigens of Candida albicans. AB - Responses of peripheral lymphocytes from the blood of 20 healthy volunteers were determined in vitro by measurement of tritiated thymidine uptake in the presence of six different antigens prepared from Candida albicans. Crude antigens (disintegrated cells, culture filtrate) produced greater lymphoblast reactivity than purified preparations (cytoplasmic proteins, cell-wall mannan). Reactions to soluble mannan were uncommon but the number of subjects who responded to them increased from one to 14 when the material was rendered particulate by adsorption on to latex particles. Lymphocyte responses were also elicited by intact, heat killed yeast cells. PMID- 7021840 TI - A comparison of epoxy resin, dental stone, and silver plated dies for cast gold restorations. PMID- 7021841 TI - The 1981 Michigan dental directory. PMID- 7021842 TI - Cervical hypersensitivity...a review of the literature. PMID- 7021843 TI - Immunotherapy: the unfulfilled promise. PMID- 7021844 TI - Notes on a bygone practice in a North African country. PMID- 7021845 TI - The myosin filament. VIII. Preservation of subfilament organization. AB - Different multistage fixation procedures patterned after the procedure described by Reedy (1976) have been evaluated with regard to preservation of subfilament structural organization along the length of the vertebrate skeletal myosin filament. The criteria used for evaluation of structural preservation include (a) the precision of subfilament organization as reflected by the quality of the optical diffraction patterns obtained from images of transverse sections of the myosin filament and (b) the clarity with which structural differences in serial transverse sections along the myosin filament could be defined. PMID- 7021846 TI - The new quack -- pseudoscience, public relations and politics. PMID- 7021847 TI - The use of azidoarylimidoesters in RNA-protein cross-linking studies with Escherichia coli ribosomes. PMID- 7021848 TI - Protein L20 from the large subunit of Escherichia coli ribosomes is an assembly protein. PMID- 7021849 TI - Reversible unfolding of the beta 2 subunit of Escherichia coli tryptophan synthetase and its proteolytic fragments. PMID- 7021850 TI - A new method for determination of parity in optical diffraction patterns from the structures with helical symmetry. PMID- 7021851 TI - Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction data for the cyclic AMP receptor protein of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7021852 TI - Mutants of satellite bacteriophage P4 that are defective in the suppression of transcriptional polarity. PMID- 7021853 TI - Local mobility of the lac repressor molecule. PMID- 7021854 TI - Sequence variation in dispersed repetitive sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7021855 TI - Genetic analysis of the histidine operon control region of Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7021856 TI - The ompB locus and the regulation of the major outer membrane porin proteins of Escherichia coli K12. PMID- 7021857 TI - Nucleotide sequence of Escherichia coli trpE. Anthranilate synthetase component I contains no tryptophan residues. PMID- 7021858 TI - The structure of spindle-shaped paracrystals of light meromyosin. PMID- 7021859 TI - Structure of the L-arabinose-binding protein from Escherichia coli at 2.4 A resolution. PMID- 7021860 TI - The history of endodontics. PMID- 7021861 TI - Development of innervation to the ventricular myocardium of the rabbit. PMID- 7021862 TI - The universal dinucleotide asymmetry rules in DNA and the amino acid codon choice. AB - Natural DNA sequences were recently found to contain distinct nearest neighbor patterns. Hetero-dinucleotides were demonstrated to appear consistently more (less) than their mirror-image counterparts. This paper shows that this asymmetric behavior does not stem from the coding requirements of the DNA. It also shows some codon patterns in prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes which came up in the course of this work. PMID- 7021863 TI - The invisible malady: sickle cell anemia in America, 1910-1970. AB - Though several articles have appeared on the history of sickle cell anemia in the United States, none has dealt with the dissemination of information from the scientific community to the public. It is an interesting commentary on our society that 60 years have passed before this important but racially oriented disease has reached the public forum. In this article, the author tries to describe the major events in the history of sickle cell anemia and to explain why it has not been publicized. PMID- 7021864 TI - Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with rectal involvement: case report and a review of literature. AB - An unusual case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is reported. Fewer than 150 cases of EGE have been reported in the world literature to date. This is the first case of this disease reported to have rectal involvement, and only the second case in which colonic involvement has been histologically documented. The addition of this case to those previously reported in the literature would suggest that EGE may involve any segment of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7021865 TI - Critical concentrations of cadmium in human renal cortex: dose-effect studies in cadmium smelter workers. AB - Cadmium was measured in vivo in the left kidney and liver of 82 industrially exposed workers and 10 control subjects. The range of Cd values for the industrial group was 0.9-57 mg for the whole kidney and 0.8-120 ppm for the liver, compared to 0.4-11.8 mg and 0.6-7.9 ppm for the control group. Below 40 ppm in the liver, the kidney Cd burden tended to increase with increasing liver concentration. Above 40 ppm, the kidney Cd content decreased as the liver concentration increased. This biphasic relation between Cd in the kidney and the liver for all subjects showed a critical level of approximately 31 mg Cd in the kidney. Estimates of the critical level by beta 2-microglobulin and urinary protein measurements yielded critical values of 31-42 mg Cd for the whole kidney (300-400 microgram/g for the renal cortex). PMID- 7021866 TI - Evaluation of the genetic activity of industrially produced carbon black. AB - Commercially produced oil furnace carbon black (Chemical Abstract Service Registry No. 1333-86-4) has been evaluated by five different assay for genetic activity. These were the Ames Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation test, sister chromatid exchange test in CHO cells, mouse lymphoma test, cell transformation assay in C3H/10T1/2 cells, and assay for genetic effects in Drosophila melanogaster. Limited cellular toxicity was exhibited but no significant genetic activity was noted. PMID- 7021867 TI - Retrograde venous bullet embolism. AB - Bullets may embolize against normal blood flow into distal veins because of gravity or the Valsalva maneuver. A case is described in which a bullet was fluoroscopically repositioned from the popliteal vein into the area of a lacerated iliac vein and trapped with a balloon catheter obviating popliteal exploration. PMID- 7021868 TI - Second conference on supportive therapy in burn care. Excisional therapy. PMID- 7021869 TI - Evaluation of the ELISA test as an epidemiological tool in schistosomiasis. AB - The ELISA test was studied to assess its applicability in epidemiological surveys of schistosomiasis. Specimens of serum, stool and urine from persons attending an outpatient clinic in an endemic area for S. mansoni and S. haematobium in Egypt were tested in the laboratories of the Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo. The ELISA test results were compared with parasitological findings and with the results of indirect immunofluorescence and indirect hemagglutination tests as reference data. The ELISA test showed an excellent sensitivity and specificity for both infections; the reading and recording of the extinction rates can be automated by using in time and money. The test can be strongly recommended for epidemiological surveys. PMID- 7021870 TI - Evaluation of in-vitro-cultured Plasmodium falciparum as antigen for malaria serology. AB - A handicap in developing seroepidemiology for malaria in India is the lack of homologous antigens. Aotus monkeys, in which human plasmodia can be propagated, are not easily available in India. Other alternatives include the use of infected human blood or the in-vitro culture of Plasmodium falciparum, using the candle jar technique of Trager & Jensen (1976). With certain modifications, the in-vitro culture technique has been established at the St John's Medical College (SJMC) to obtain a regular and high yield of P. falciparum to use as a source of antigen in serological tests. Antigens prepared from in-vitro-cultivated P. falciparum have been tested against positive and negative reference sera by the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) tests. These reference sera were also tested with the IHA test by using P. falciparum sensitized human "O' erythrocytes received from the Center for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta. IHA test results with both types of antigens were comparable (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, rS=0.8440, P less than 0.01). The antigen from in-vitro culture was also found suitable for use in the IFA test. The IFA titres obtained were comparable to those found at the CDC (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, rS=0.7940, P less than 0.01). These results indicate that P. falciparum parasites prepared from in-vitro continuous culture can be used as a source of antigen for use in the IHA and IFA tests for malaria. PMID- 7021871 TI - Cytochemical and ultrastructural studies of Candida albicans. II. Evidence for a cell wall coat using concanavalin A. PMID- 7021872 TI - The structure of the cell envelope of Micrococcus radiodurans as revealed by metal shadowing and decoration. PMID- 7021873 TI - Computer measurements and graphics of three-dimensional cellular ultrastructure. PMID- 7021874 TI - The effects of cancer and cancer therapy on male fertility. AB - Multimodality treatments have increased the survival of cancer patients in recent years. With cure the quality of life also should be taken into consideration. Maintenance of the reproductive capacity is of great concern to many young patients. Until now the cause of sterility was attributed to the long-term side effects of treatment when recovery could not be predicted. Pre-treatment sperm banking is advised routinely for many of these patients. Our own observation as well as a few other reports show that cancer itself seems to have an adverse effect on fertility before any form of treatment. As assessed by semen quality the majority of our patients were subfertile when first seen. Hence, sperm banking may be a poor guarantee for future reproduction in these patients. PMID- 7021875 TI - Management of intrarenal branch arterial lesions with extracorporeal microvascular reconstruction and autotransplantation. AB - Extracorporeal microvascular reconstruction and autotransplantation have been done on 16 patients with intrarenal branch arterial lesions. The specific indications for this approach and the microvascular reconstructive techniques used in these cases are reviewed. All revascularization procedure were successful. Vascular reconstruction with preservation of renal parenchyma is possible in most patients with extensive intrarenal branch arterial disease. PMID- 7021876 TI - Fine needle antegrade pyelography in the renal transplant. AB - Antegrade pyelography by fine needle puncture provides superior anatomic detail of the transplant ureter. It is the most accurate and informative examination for ureteral stricture and perforation, providing information not usually obtainable by excretory urography, radionuclide scan, ultrasound or retrograde pyelography. We herein describe our technique of fine needles antegrade pyelography and its application in 11 patients. The method is remarkably safe, with no clinical significant complications in this series or in a literature survey of 734 other fine needle kidney punctures. PMID- 7021877 TI - Nephrostomy drainage for renal transplant complications. AB - The use of temporary diverting nephrostomy drainage in the management of immunosuppressed renal transplant patients with supravesical urinary extravasation, fistulas or ureteral obstruction is reviewed. In a literature survey covering an 11-year interval and 4,307 transplants there were 204 cases (4.7 per cent) of ureteral extravasation or fistula and 113 cases (2.6 per cent) of ureteral obstruction. Attempts at urologic repair in these 317 cases resulted in 30.9 per cent failure rate (98 cases), of which 86.7 per cent (85 cases) occurred in patients without nephrostomy compared to 13.3 per cent (13 cases) in patients with nephrostomy. In our 255 consecutive renal transplant patients there were 7 (2.7 per cent) with ureteral extravasation or fistula and 14 (5.5 per cent) with ureteral obstruction. Temporary nephrostomy was done in all 21 patients to protect the urologic repair and, when necessary, to control sepsis and allow for patient stabilization before delayed urinary tract reconstruction. In our series there was no mortality and only 1 renal unit (4.7 per cent) was lost as a consequence of urologic complications. The use of nephrostomy in transplant patients with ureteral extravasation, fistulas or ureteral obstruction is encouraged strongly to optimize patient and renal unit survival. PMID- 7021878 TI - Flow cytometry for followup examinations of conservatively treated low stage bladder tumors. AB - A series of 26 conservatively treated patients with low stage bladder tumors was examined later by outpatient cystoscopy, conventional cytology and flow cytometry. Based on those findings the patients were separated into 5 groups. In the 4 patients in group 1 all findings persistently were negative. The 4 patients in group 2 had initially normal cystoscopy with progressively more abnormal flow cytometry and intermittently positive cytology; they subsequently suffered tumors. The 10 patients in group 3 had positive cystoscopy and flow cytometry, and intermittently positive cytology. The 6 patients in group 4 had negative cystoscopy with intermittently positive cytology and persistently positive flow cytometry. In all 6 cases flow cytometry was more sensitive than conventional cytology in detecting early and, sometimes, cystoscopically occult neoplasms. In the 2 patients in group 5 cystoscopically visible papillomas and low grade papillary carcinomas were found with negative flow cytometry and negative or suspicious cytology. The papillary tumors in these 2 patients were believed to be composed principally of benign or atypical epithelium, with too few malignant cells to be detected by present flow cytometry techniques. Our preliminary results suggest that flow cytometry may be a valuable tool for followup of patients who have had conservatively treated low stage bladder tumors and are at risk for development of carcinoma. In addition, the techniques may be used to monitor changes in the proportion of benign and malignant cells and, thus, can be of help in following the course of newly forming papillomas, papillary carcinomas or carcinoma in situ in papillomas or flat epithelium. PMID- 7021879 TI - Immunofluorescence for prostatic acid phosphatase: clinical applications. AB - An indirect immunofluorescence technique to detect cells producing prostatic acid phosphatase was used to evaluate 12 biopsies of soft tissue masses of possible metastatic prostatic carcinoma. In 10 patients varying degrees of immunofluorescence were observed, confirming the origin of the primary tumor. Specimens from 34 patients with prostatic carcinoma were obtained either by radical prostatectomy or transurethral resection of the prostate. A comparison of histological grade (Gleason), semiquantitative immunofluorescence for prostatic acid phosphatase and hormonal responsiveness was done. There was a suggestion of higher hormonal responsiveness in the group with a low Gleason score and a high percentage of positive immunofluorescence that presently cannot be evaluated completely since some patients still are under therapy. This method may be used in the future in conjunction with other techniques, such as androgen receptors, to define a population of patients most likely to respond to hormonal manipulation. PMID- 7021880 TI - Renin participation in hypertension associated with unilateral hydronephrosis. AB - Renin-mediated hypertension can occur with unilateral renal obstruction and hydronephrosis. Elevated peripheral plasma renin activity and a lateralizing renal vein renin relationship represent a hormonal pattern suspiciously suggestive of a renovascular etiology. We report a case of surgically corrected renin-mediated hypertension secondary to ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Hyperreninemia associated with acute unilateral hydronephrosis probably occurs transiently to initiate chronic hypertension sustained by more complex volume vasoconstriction abnormalities. The participation of renin in this hypertension seems to be influenced by the duration of the obstruction, the presence or absence of a contralateral normal kidney and other intrarenal factors. PMID- 7021882 TI - Evaluation continues of "HBO' clinical uses. PMID- 7021881 TI - Long-term clinical followup after pyelocystostomy. AB - In March 1971 a 32-year-old man with necrosis of the ureter to a kidney allotransplant underwent anastomosis of the transplant renal pelvis to the bladder. The kidney is functioning normally 9 years later. This surgical technique has been used recently in 3 additional case. Further applications of this procedure are suggested. PMID- 7021883 TI - "Air therapy' history offers lessons for clinicians today. PMID- 7021884 TI - Raoul Follereau. PMID- 7021885 TI - The Hyde Amendment in action. How did the restriction of federal funds for abortion affect low-income women? PMID- 7021886 TI - Simultaneous remote search. On-line bibliographic library services for practicing physicians. PMID- 7021887 TI - Plasmaleukapheresis halts graft rejection. PMID- 7021888 TI - Honoria Acosta-Sison. PMID- 7021889 TI - Does intermittent mandatory ventilation accelerate weaning? AB - Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) was introduced to facilitate the weaning of patients from mechanical ventilation. The outcome of ventilator management in 116 patients who were treated in the first three months of 1975 was compared retrospectively with that of 135 patients who were treated in the first three months of 1976. All patients who were treated in 1975 received conventional (assisted or controlled) mechanical ventilation. In 1976, seventy-seven patients (57%) were treated with the use of IMV, and 58 (43%) were treated with the use of conventional mechanical ventilation. Sixty-five patients who were treated in 1976 with the use of IMV were matched with patients who were treated in 1975 with the use of conventional ventilation, on the basis of age, sex, race, history of pulmonary disease, smoking history, diagnosis, service, and location of therapy. The average time spent on a ventilator by the IMV patients was 145 hours, whereas the matched control patients spent 142 hours. The length of hospitalization was 36 days for the IMV patients and 30 days for the control patients. These time periods were not significantly different and indicate that IMV did not reduce the length of ventilator management. PMID- 7021890 TI - Food and drug regulation after 75 years. PMID- 7021891 TI - Virgil and medicine. PMID- 7021892 TI - Current results and expectations of renal transplantation. AB - Results of renal transplantation performed at seven centers during the years 1977 and 1978 were evaluated. One-year patient survival rates for recipients of living related and cadaver grafts were 95.1% and 88.6%, respectively. One-year graft survival rates were 78.6% and 55% for living-related and cadaver transplants. Postoperative surgical complication rates were low. These results reflect recent improvements in patient care and characterize current performance expectations of renal transplant centers. PMID- 7021893 TI - High hopes for "third generation' cephalosporins. PMID- 7021894 TI - Max von Laue. PMID- 7021895 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of pelvic abscesses in renal transplant patients. AB - Two renal transplant patients had fever and graft tenderness secondary to a gas containing abscess around the transplanted kidney. Renal ultrasonography failed to identify the abscess in these cases because of the difficulty in differentiating bowel from gas-containing collections. Gallium citrate Ga 67 scanning, performed in one patient, did not delineate the abscess because interpretation was complicated by the presence of radioactivity in the bowel. In both cases, the pelvic abscess was identified correctly with the use of computed tomography (CT). The limitations of ultrasonography in identifying gas-containing collections should be recognized, and CT should be performed as one of the initial studies in evaluating a renal transplant patient with a suspected pelvic abscess. PMID- 7021896 TI - Effect of dexamethasone on the diurnal rhythm of plasma aldosterone in patients with congestive heart failure. AB - Diurnal rhythm studies were performed on 11 patients with congestive heart failure. Blood samples were taken for the determination of aldosterone, cortisol and plasma renin activity every 4 hours from 12:00 a.m. to 12:00 a.m. the following day. Following this control study, a second diurnal rhythm study was conducted under dexamethasone treatment (0.5 mg of dexamethasone every 4 hours for 48 hours). In the control study, aldosterone and cortisol fluctuated showing a diurnal rhythm with the lowest value in the evening and the highest value in the morning. Plasma renin activity rhythm was indistinct. Fluctuations in plasma renin activity were not parallel with aldosterone. Dexamethasone treatment suppressed cortisol to less than 1 microgram/100 ml. Aldosterone values decreased significantly in the morning (p less than 0.01); this was accompanied by the abolishment of aldosterone rhythm. Plasma renin activity rhythm remained indistinct following administration of dexamethasone. These results suggest that adrenocorticotrophic hormone plays an important role in the control of aldosterone diurnal rhythm in patients with congestive heart failure. PMID- 7021897 TI - Home blood pressure and circadian variation of blood pressure in the evaluation of hypertensive patients. AB - Clinical blood pressures measured at clinic by physician were higher than home blood pressures measured at home by patients in the majority of untreated patients with essential hypertension, but equivalent or lower in some patients. Clinic minus home blood pressure (delta P) were correlated with the levels of clinic blood pressure (r = 0.51, p less than 0.005 for systolic; r = 0.35, p less than 0.02 for diastolic blood pressure, respectively). The systolic delta P might be greater in the middle-aged women, especially in the fifties of females than the age-matched males (p less than 0.05). The delta P could not be altered by any antihypertensive drugs with the exception of systolic delta P with diuretic alone. The blood pressure tended to remain more stable throughout the 24-hour period in proportion as the severity of hypertension increased. The observation of circadian variation in blood pressure disclosed that the blood pressure was lower in the morning, but increased gradually, resulting in the relatively high blood pressure between the afternoon and evening in the low renin and volume expanded type of hypertension. On the contrary, the blood pressure was already high in the early morning in hypertensive patients characterized by the accelerated renin-angiotensin system and contracted volume factor. PMID- 7021898 TI - Salt intake and hypertension. PMID- 7021899 TI - Interrelationship between the pathophysiology and antihypertensive treatment in benign essential hypertension. PMID- 7021900 TI - Treatment of mild to moderate hypertension: diuretic or beta-blockers? PMID- 7021901 TI - Treatment of advanced hypertension: choice of the effective antihypertensive drugs using angiotensin II antagonist. PMID- 7021902 TI - [Mechanism of renal transport of potassium]. PMID- 7021903 TI - [The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system]. PMID- 7021904 TI - [Kallikrein-kinin, prostaglandins and potassium metabolism]. PMID- 7021905 TI - [Acid-base balance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021906 TI - [Insulin and potassium metabolism]. PMID- 7021907 TI - [Abnormal potassium metabolism in heart failure]. PMID- 7021908 TI - [Essential hypertension, renovascular hypertension and potassium metabolism]. PMID- 7021909 TI - [Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism--Conn's syndromes]. PMID- 7021910 TI - [Immersion type ultrasonic scanning device--its features and relationships with CT]. PMID- 7021911 TI - [Myocardial action potentials and energy metabolism]. PMID- 7021912 TI - [Nervous system diseases of the aged]. PMID- 7021913 TI - [Circulatory functions of the aged]. PMID- 7021914 TI - [Heart conduction system in the aged]. PMID- 7021915 TI - [Lipid metabolism in the aged]. PMID- 7021916 TI - [Endocrinal functions in the aged]. PMID- 7021917 TI - [Sexual function in the aged]. PMID- 7021918 TI - [Development of research on B-type hepatitis virus vaccine---including HBs antigen polypeptide vaccine]. PMID- 7021919 TI - [Clinical application of short-life nuclides and cyclotron nuclear medicine]. PMID- 7021920 TI - [Present status and prospects of ME technics in digestive system diseases]. PMID- 7021921 TI - [Remarkable hypotensive effect of converting enzyme inhibitor on a possible case of renin producing neoplasm]. PMID- 7021922 TI - [Topics in basic and clinical immunology cell surface receptors and their role in immune response (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021923 TI - [Phototherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021924 TI - [Adnexal tumors of the skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021925 TI - [Deep mycosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021926 TI - [Long term observation of endocrine pancreatic function in a case of chronic pancreatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021927 TI - [An experimental study on the function of pancreatic endocrine cells in acute pancreatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021928 TI - Immunopotentiating effect of fungal glucans as revealed by frequency limitation of postchemotherapy relapse in experimental mouse tuberculosis. AB - Two kinds of fungal glucan, particulate yeast glucan (PYG) and lentinan, were examined for their immunopotentiating effect illustrated by reduced frequency of post-chemotherapy relapse in experimental mouse tuberculosis. Infected mice were treated by intensive chemotherapy with a three-drug combination [Streptomycin (SM) + isoniazid (INH) + rifampicin (RFP), ethambutol (EB) + INH + RFP, or SM + INH + pyrazinamide (PZA)] for 5 months. After termination of chemotherapy, the mice of each treated group were divided into three subgroups to receive or not to receive glucan for 4 weeks and again for 4 weeks after a month interval. During this 3-month period and the succeeding 5 months, the mice were subjected to occasional sacrifice to examine the growth of latent tubercle bacilli in the lung and spleen by cultivation of tissue homogenates. The results indicated that the regimens with SM + INH + RFP and EB + INH + RFP were highly effective in eliminating persistent tubercle bacilli down to undetectable levels. However, later multiplication of the latent bacilli was observed during the advanced postchemotherapy period. The application of PYG was most effective in prevention of this type of relapse in the spleen, but not so in the lung. Lentinan effect was manifested in the lung, but not in the spleen. PMID- 7021929 TI - Detection of ABO group-specific substances on the red cells of the cynomolgus monkey. AB - Several attempts were made to demonstrate the presence of ABO blood group substances on the red blood cells (RBC) of the cynomolgus monkey. Neither the direct hemagglutination test nor the antibody absorption test was successful in detecting these substances from whole RBC, the stromata or the butanol extracts of RBC. By the heat elution of antibodies, however, the presence of ABH substances was demonstrated on RBC of every phenotype without fail. In all cases, there was a reciprocal relationship between the ABH substances of RBC and of saliva and the anti-A and anti-B antibodies in serum, being in good agreement with Landsteiner's rule. Accordingly, it can be concluded that a small amount of ABH substances must be present on RBC of the cynomolgus monkey. PMID- 7021930 TI - [Kidney transplantation, pregnancy and delivery. 1]. PMID- 7021931 TI - [Kidney transplantation, pregnancy, and delivery (2)]. PMID- 7021932 TI - [Science of symptomatology: skin manifestations. The nursing approach to dermal lesions in aged patients. Care and problems of diseases of the aged associated with bullous skin diseases]. PMID- 7021933 TI - [Nurses in the history of nursing. (1) Masa Suzuki]. PMID- 7021934 TI - [Nurses in the history of nursing. (2). Kyo Takano]. PMID- 7021935 TI - [Nurses in the history of nursing. (3). "Infant Jesus" Mission and its nursing activities]. PMID- 7021936 TI - [History of public health nurses associated with Osaka Public Health Clinics: social health of the Meiji, Taisho, and Showa eras and the birth of public health nurses]. PMID- 7021937 TI - [Compilation of the history of public health nursing and observation of its significance]. PMID- 7021938 TI - Somatic mutation, cellular differentiation, and cancer causation. PMID- 7021939 TI - Fibronectin production by human mammary cells. AB - Human mammary cells were examined for the presence of the high-molecular-weight surface glycoprotein fibronectin. Early passage mammary epithelial cell and fibroblast cultures from both carcinomas and normal tissues were tested for the presence of cell-associated fibronectin by immunofluorescence microscopy and for the synthesis and secretion of fibronectin by specific immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled protein. In vivo frozen sections of primary carcinomas and normal tissues were tested for the localization of fibronectin by immunofluorescence microscopy. In contrast to the extensive fibrillar networks of fibronectin found in the fibroblast cultures, the epithelial cell cultures from both tissue sources displayed a pattern of cell-associated fibronectin characterized by powdery, punctate staining. However, the cultured epithelial cells, as well as the fibroblasts, secreted large quantities of fibronectin into the medium. Putative myoepithelial cells also displayed extensive fibrillar networks of fibronectin. The difference in cell-associated fibronectin distribution between the epithelial cells and the fibroblasts and putative myoepithelial cells provided a simple means of quantitating stromal and myoepithelial cell contamination of the mammary epithelial cells in culture. In vivo, normal tissues showed fibronectin primarily localized in the basement membrane surrounding the epithelial cells and in the stroma. Most primary carcinomas displayed powdery, punctate staining on the epithelial cells in addition to the fibronectin present in the surrounding stroma. PMID- 7021940 TI - [Social position and nurse evaluation in the modern history of nursing in Japan]. PMID- 7021941 TI - [In memoriam Ms. Fusae Ichikawa]. PMID- 7021942 TI - [Public health nurse working among the farmers in the Hokkaido Reclamation Project: a segment of the history of the Showa period]. PMID- 7021943 TI - [Columbus as the 1st known patient with Reiter's disease?]. PMID- 7021944 TI - [Changes in nursing over the past 30 years]. PMID- 7021945 TI - [Experimental operation for including the right ventricle into the systemic circulation for assisted circulation in left-ventricular insufficiency]. PMID- 7021946 TI - [Role of lipoproteins in the etiology of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7021947 TI - [Use of multicenter clinical trial of molsidomine by single-blind method in stable angina pectoris]. PMID- 7021948 TI - [Treatment of recent myocardial infarct with infusions of potassium, glucose and insulin (PGI). I. Effect of PGI treatment on various elements of humoral homeostasis: free fatty acid, lactate, pyruvate and immunoreactive insulin concentrations]. PMID- 7021949 TI - [Treatment of recent myocardial infarct with infusions of potassium, glucose and insulin (PGI). II. Effect of PGI treatment on the indicators of myocardial necrosis and ischemia]. PMID- 7021950 TI - [Mosaic portrait method in the prognosis of myocardial infarct complications]. AB - A mosaic portrait of variants of the course of myocardial infarction differing in the clinical picture of the first days of the disease was created by means of methods of Boolean algebra and electronic computers. A total of 354 patients with transmural myocardial infarction were examined., The created models allow the development of some complications of myocardial infarction to be prognosticated exact within 90%. PMID- 7021951 TI - [Diagnostic problems of early heart failure in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7021952 TI - Relevance of urinary 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha determination. PMID- 7021953 TI - Effect of prostaglandins on renal epithelial electrolyte transport. PMID- 7021954 TI - Absence of direct effects of prostaglandins on sodium chloride transport in the mammalian nephron. PMID- 7021955 TI - Participation of renal cortical prostaglandins in the regulation of glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 7021956 TI - Role of prostaglandins in the regulation of renal water excretion. PMID- 7021957 TI - Renal kallikrein-kinin: its relation to renal prostaglandins and renin angiotensin-aldosterone in man. PMID- 7021958 TI - [Thrombocytes during the neonatal period]. PMID- 7021959 TI - [50 years at the pediatric clinic of the Carl Gustav Carus Medical Academy at Dresden and its early history]. PMID- 7021960 TI - [Kidney transplants in foreign transplantation centers]. PMID- 7021961 TI - [I. I. Kurbatov, M. D., and his dissertation on gastrostomy (on the centenary of the dissertation, "An artificiaL route into the stomach")]. PMID- 7021962 TI - [Role of renin activity in establishing indications for nephrectomy]. PMID- 7021963 TI - [Renin-angiotensin system in functional failure of the kidneys in mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 7021964 TI - [Anaerobic gas infection (a review)]. PMID- 7021965 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the combined treatment of gas infection (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7021966 TI - [Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Vishnevskii (on his 75th birthday)]. PMID- 7021967 TI - [Disorders of the metabolic processes in the pathogenesis of burns and means of correcting them]. PMID- 7021968 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the current methods of treating bone paronychia]. PMID- 7021969 TI - [Treatment effectiveness in renovascular hypertension depending on the indices of blood renin activity and of arterial resilient, elastic properties]. PMID- 7021970 TI - [Importance of studying colloidal osmotic pressure in surgery and intensive therapy (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7021971 TI - [Surgical treatment of Peyronie's disease (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7021972 TI - [P. I. D'iakonov and Soviet surgery (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7021973 TI - [Formation of compression anastomoses with the NZhKA apparatus using elastic pads]. PMID- 7021974 TI - [Place of vagotomy with economic stomach resection in treating duodenal peptic ulcer (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7021975 TI - [Nikolaus Van Tulp - eminent anatomist and surgeon (340th anniversary of the publication of his famous book "Medical observations"]. PMID- 7021976 TI - [On the diagnosis of extraocular muscle disease. Clinical application of computer reformations (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical application and differential diagnostic value of computer reformations in patients with Graves' disease and ocular myositis are demonstrated. Computer reformations parallel to the course of the muscle allow the identification of abnormal soft tissue densities on axial section as a swelling of individual muscles. Computer reformations perpendicular to the course of the muscle demonstrate its true cross sectional diameter. In most clinical instances, the rectus muscles are sufficiently visualized on computer reformations 90 degrees to the orbital axis. The vertical recti are then shown as true cross sections, whereas the horizontal recti are dissected in an equally oblique plane. A swelling of the inferior oblique muscle is well visualized by sagittal reformations lateral to the insertion of the inferior rectus muscle. With the use of computer reformations muscle enlargement can be diagnosed with certainty. They therefore provide valuable information in the evaluation of motility disturbances as well as in the analysis of specific patterns of muscle involvement in various orbital diseases. PMID- 7021977 TI - [Pathogenesis of and causal surgery for senile entropion by en bloc resection (author's transl)]. AB - The pathogenetic factors responsible for senile entropion are: age-induced relaxation of the lower lid structures with elongation of the lid and improper loose adaptation between lid margin and globe, a weak tarsal plate and a lower stimulus threshold of the facial nerve. A surgical intervention which consists of radical lid-shortening by an bloc tarsal resection seems to be the most logical procedure. It was performed on 285 patients. The methods results in a lower rate of recurrence, normalizes lacrimal flow and has an excellent cosmetic side-effect improving the configuration of the lid-fissure. A special indication exists for cases in which there is a relapse following surgery. PMID- 7021978 TI - [Different methods of treatment of upper lid entropion (author's transl)]. AB - This paper describes the known possibilities of surgical treatment of upper lid entropion. After a discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods, the authors present in tabular form their conclusions as to which operation is indicated for which type of entropion. PMID- 7021979 TI - [St. Ottilia, Patron saint of suffers from eye diseases. an unusual representation with a crab's pincer at the Mercy-Seat Altar in Bad Aussee (author's transl)]. AB - On an altar-piece of the Gothic mercy-seat altar in the hospital church of Bad Aussee, made in 1449, Saint Ottilia, the patron saint of eye sufferers, is depicted with a crab's pincer, an attribute hitherto unknown. In the Middle Ages it was customary to put crab-eyes, which are calcium formations in the stomach of the crab, into the eyes of individuals to remove foreign bodies. As these crab eyes are too small to be seen at any distance, the author takes the view that another typical and well-known part of the crab's body, more suitable for the representation, was used. PMID- 7021980 TI - [25 years of Klinika Oczna under the editorship of Prof. Witold Orlowski]. PMID- 7021981 TI - [Photocoagulation history and treatment by this method of intraocular tumours (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021982 TI - [Autoimmunity against the retina in chorioretinitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021983 TI - [Collagen sutures and astigmatism following operations for senile cataract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021984 TI - [Treatment of Brown's syndrome of traumatic etiology]. PMID- 7021985 TI - [From the bibliographer's files (VIII). 100 years ago]. PMID- 7021986 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation--introduction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021987 TI - [HLA and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) (author's transl)]. AB - Patient survival after BMT is directly correlated with the HLA-type of the donor. The survival rate after BMT from an HLA-genotypically identical sibling is 56% in acute leukemia, 55% in combined severe immunodeficiency disease (SCID) and 67/83% in severe aplastic anemia patients. The usage of only HLA-D identical related or unrelated donors in SCID revealed a 37% survival, compared to 18% survival in acute leukemia and 11% in severe aplastic anemia using HLA-phenotypical identical or HLA-D identical related donors. BMT from HLA-phenotypical and MLC identical unrelated donors resulted in death of the grafted patients. Non of the patients grafted with HLA-different marrow survived BMT. Survival of BMT patients depended beside the histocompatibility matching on the clinical treatment and the clinical constellation of the patient: The survival rate decreased in aplastic anemia patients due to sensibilisation caused by pre-BMT blood transfusion and was significantly higher in leukemia when BMT was performed in remission. PMID- 7021988 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation--problems, indications, proceeding (author's transl)]. AB - Bone marrow transplantation is a therapeutical procedure which contains various problems. The first part of this paper deals with some of the complications like the extreme susceptibility to infections in the posttransplant period and the graft-versus-host reaction. The different modes of radiation are discussed in addition. The second part deals with the indications for bone marrow transplantation in aplastic anemia and acute leukemia. In the third part the situation in Germany is described. Early contact with one of the four transplant centres is necessary to assure the best therapeutical approach. Finally some ethical problems are discussed. PMID- 7021989 TI - [Autologous bone marrow transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7021990 TI - [Possibilities and problems of bone marrow transplantation in the therapy of acute leukemias (author' transl)]. PMID- 7021991 TI - [Retrolental fibroplasia--a preventable disease? (author's transl)]. AB - Retrolental Fibroplasia has a high incidence in premature infants of low gestational age. The most susceptible period for developing retrolental fibroplasia is the immature vascularisation of the retina during the 28th to 40th gestational week. The disease is caused by the direct effect of oxygen administration. Retrolental fibroplasia is associated with the concentration of oxygen administered and the length of time in supplemental oxygen. There is also a significant association between its development and severe apnea requiring bag and mask resuscitation maintaining ambient oxygen concentration during the procedure. Furthermore there is an association between retrolental fibroplasia and the amount of adult blood transfused. Infants with these factors are at high risk to develop retrolental fibroplasia. Preductal PaO2-level should be kept between 60 and 70 mm Hg and supervised by continuous transcutaneous readings. There is some concern about intermittent arterial sampling. Problems of interpreting PaO2-analyses are discussed. 25 mg Vitamin E are recommended for prevention. There are many management protocols and techniques during neonatal intensive care of premature infants for prevention of the disease. Premature infants at risk should have a close time schedule for ophthalmoscopy. PMID- 7021992 TI - [Effect of caerulein on blood glucose, serum insulin, glucagon, prolactin and growth hormone before and after oral glucose load in healthy volunteers and diabetic patients (author's transl)]. AB - Eleven healthy volunteers, five type I diabetics, and one type II diabetic man were examined. After an overnight fast caerulein (20 ng/kg) was injected intravenously and 60 min later an oral glucose tolerance test was performed with 100 g glucose in the normals and 25 g glucose in the diabetics. Blood pressure, pulse rate, blood glucose, serum insulin, glucagon, prolactin and growth hormone values were measured during the whole period of 240 min and compared with the same parameters in control tests in the same persons without caerulein application. None of the measured parameters were significantly influenced by caerulein. It is therefore concluded that in contrast to the stimulation of the exocrine pancreas functions of the endocrine pancreas, the pituitary gland and glucose tolerance are unchanged after caerulein. PMID- 7021993 TI - Connective tissue components of the normal and fibrotic liver. I. Structure, local distribution and metabolism of connective tissue components in the normal liver and changes in chronic liver diseases. AB - The first part of this review describes the chemistry, the occurrence and the metabolism of extracellular connective tissue components in the liver. The normal liver contains typical connective tissue proteins (collagens, structural glycoproteins and proteoglycans) not only in vessel walls, perivascular areas and in the capsule, but they occur also in small amounts in the parenchyma, mainly in the space of Disse along the sinusoidal walls. The "interstitial" collagens type I and III represent the major amount of collagen in the normal as well as in fibrotic liver, showing a relative increase of type III in fibrosis. Basement membrane collagens type IV and V as well as the cysteine-rich collagenous components "7 S collagen" and "short chain collagen" have been shown to occur in extracts prepared after limited pepsin digestion. In the normal liver, basement membrane collagen can hardly be detected within the parenchyma by immunofluorescence microscopy; increased occurrence, however, can be shown along the sinusoids even in early stages of chronic liver diseases. The glycoprotein fibronectin was shown to be distributed very similarly to collagens type I and III, whereas the basement membrane specific glycoprotein laminin is restricted to vessel walls and the epithelial layer of bile ductuli in the normal liver but is also found in the parenchyma in fibrosis. Occurrence of proteoglycans is increased in fibrosis: a change in the composition of glycosaminoglycans from mainly heparan sulfate in the normal to dermatan- and chondroitin sulfate in the fibrotic liver was observed. It is not yet clear which cell type is mainly responsible for increased connective tissue synthesis in fibrosis. The occurrence of cells resembling smooth muscle cells ("myofibroblasts") in connective tissue septa of fibrotic livers and the fact that similar cells which actively synthesize collagen grow from explants of fibrotic livers may indicate the significance of this cell type in the process of liver fibrosis. PMID- 7021994 TI - Renin release after furosemide and ethacrynic acid in man. Evidence for neural reflex control mechanisms. AB - The mechanisms of renin release after furosemide (F) and ethacrynic acid (EA) in man were examined. We evaluated whether acute volume shifts within the low pressure system after F induce renin release via neural pathways. Immersion in a water-bath or beta-blockade reduced the increase of plasma renin concentration after F but not after EA. It is concluded that acute renin release after F but not after EA in man is partially due to neurally mediated reflexes originating from volume receptors in the cardiopulmonary area. PMID- 7021995 TI - [Alanine as a nitrogen sparing and gluconeogenetic substrate in the postoperative state (author's transl)]. AB - An alanine infusion (90 mg/kg/h) for eight hours was administered to seven patients after cholecystectomy in order to investigate the influence of elevated plasma alanine levels on the postoperative metabolism. The following metabolites and hormone concentrations were analysed in plasma: glucose, urea, free fatty acids, ketone bodies, amino acids, insulin and glucagon. Compared to the pre infusion values on the 1. postoperative day after an overnight fasting, the following changes were monitored. The plasma glucose concentrations reached a maximum after four hours of infusion (p less than 0.05). Of the amino acids, significant elevated levels were found for alanine (300%, p less than 0.001), glutamine (36%, p less than 0.05), and alpha-aminobutyrate (61%, p less than 0.01). The free fatty acids and ketone bodies concentrations decreased immediately after the onset of the infusion of alanine (p less than 0.05), the increased again during the last four hours of infusion. The secretion of insulin and also the secretion of glucagon were stimulated by the increased alanine levels. The stimulation of insulin reached a maximum after only five minutes, but the glucagon levels increased continuously until the end of the infusion. During the administration of alanine a nitrogen homeostasis was achieved, which was a significant improvement (p less than 0.001) when compared to saline infusions before and after the alanine infusion. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Postoperative increased plasma levels of alanine stimulate gluconeogenesis and reduce the plasma levels of lipolytic metabolites. The induced stimulation of insulin and glucagon is dependent on the duration of the alanine infusion for during extended infusion of alanine the insulin stimulation diminishes while the glucagon secretion continuously increases. (2) Alanine is a potent anabolic substrate in the immediate postoperative situation. PMID- 7021996 TI - Relationship between plasma catecholamines and urinary catecholamine excretion rates in normal subjects and certain diseased states. AB - Relationships between plasma norepinephrine (PNE) or epinephrine (PE) and urinary norepinephrine (UNE) or epinephrine (UE) excretion rates were studied in 37 normal subjects, 39 patients with benign essential hypertension, 23 with unilateral renal hypertension, and 20 with bilateral renal disease (serum creatinine 2.3 +/- 2.6 mg/100 ml). measurements were also performed after 6 weeks of diuretic treatment in 27 normal subjects and all patients with essential hypertension. In the untreated state, PNE and UNE values were generally normal in essential or unilateral renal hypertension; PNE tended to be decreased in diabetics and increased in bilateral renal disease. Diuretic treatment caused a tendency for slightly increased PNE and UNE. UNE correlated significantly with supine PNE or upright PNE or their mean value, and this relationship appeared to be comparable between untreated normal subjects and the various patients groups, except for a tendency for slightly higher PNE at given UNE values in bilateral renal disease. No significant correlations between UE and PE were apparent in the normal subjects or patient groups. These data demonstrate a dissociation of UE from PE levels. In contrast, UNE is an approximative index of PNE, and this relationship appeared to be generally unaltered in essential or unilateral renal hypertension. In patients with bilateral renal disease the slight shift of this relationship indicates that consideration of renal function is necessary for interpretation of NE levels. PMID- 7021997 TI - Blood levels of branched-chain alpha-keto acids in uremia: effect of an oral glucose tolerance test. AB - The effect of an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) on serum levels of branched chain keto acids (BCKA), i.e. alpha-keto-isocaproic acid (KICA), alpha-keto isovaleric acid (KIVA) and alpha-keto-beta methyl-n-valeric acid (KMVA) as well as on serum insulin, C-peptide and blood glucose levels was determined in uremic patients and in healthy control subjects. In controls, blood levels of KICA, KMVA and KIVA declined significantly following oral administration of 100 glucose. In uremic patients no decline of KICA was observed. The fall of KMVA was diminished, while suppression of KIVA blood levels in response to the oGGT remained unimpaired. Although serum insulin and C-peptide levels in uremic patients were not significantly different from the controls before and throughout the oGTT, six out of eight displayed abnormal glucose tolerance. It is suggested that the response of blood BCKA levels to an oGTT is altered in uremia, an abnormality restricted primarily to KICA and possibly explained by insulin antagonism and/or by insufficient insulin secretion. PMID- 7021998 TI - Urokinase therapy of subclavian-axillary vein thrombosis. AB - In 18 cases with primary subclavian-axillary vein thrombosis fibrinolytic therapy was performed with urokinase in combination with heparin. The thrombolytic efficacy clearly depended on the thrombus age and the dose of urokinase applied. Under treatment with a median initial maintenance dosage of urokinase of 1,000 2,000 IU/kg/h (loading dose 150,000-250,000 IU urokinase) in combination with heparin (15-17 U kg/h) in mine of 11 patients (82%) with recently developed (8 days or less) thrombosis, a nearly complete deobliteration of the venous system was observed. In the case with thrombosis of more than 10 days no alteration of the venous occlusions could be seen. Relevant side effects did not occur. Our results emphasize urokinase therapy of acute subclavian-axillary vein thrombosis and permit general inferences concerning the efficacy and the dosage requirements of the thrombolytic substance urokinase. PMID- 7021999 TI - A new enzymatic method for the determination of sialic acid in serum and its application for a marker of acute phase reactants. PMID- 7022000 TI - [Decembrists and the theory of social medicine in Russia]. PMID- 7022001 TI - [Clinical electroneuromyographic study of secondary neuromuscular syndromes]. PMID- 7022002 TI - [Current concepts of uremic gastropathy]. PMID- 7022003 TI - [Experience with the clinical use of SKN-brand hemosorbents in the therapy of chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 7022004 TI - [Thrombophilia and thrombophilia surveillance]. PMID- 7022005 TI - [150th anniversary of Cruveilhier's description of a simple chronic stomach ulcer]. PMID- 7022006 TI - [Thrombohemorrhagic syndrome in oncological patients]. PMID- 7022007 TI - [Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 7022008 TI - [Electronic computer determination of the indications for hospitalization in an emergency surgical ward]. PMID- 7022009 TI - [Human visual work capacity in exposure to high-intensity light]. PMID- 7022010 TI - [Man's 1st space flight]. PMID- 7022011 TI - [Biological research in space]. AB - The paper presents the results of investigations carried out during the last two decades on various biological objects--microorganisms, plant seeds, insects, higher and lower plants, fish and amphibians--in real and simulation space flights. The paper discusses the current knowledge of the biological role of gravity and possible mechanisms of adaptation to weightlessness as well as the suitability of different biological objects for further space studies. Most experiments conducted in real space flights have lent support to the theoretical studies of the level and limits of weightlessness effects upon biological systems. Analysis of the data obtained in space and ground-bound experiments suggests that molecular processes are indifferent to an altered gravity and that energy metabolism plays an important role in adaptation of biological systems to zero-g. PMID- 7022012 TI - [Animal experiments on the cosmos series biosatellites (results and prospects)]. AB - Results of animal (rat) experiments carried out onboard biosatellites Cosmos-605, 690, 782, 936 and 1129 are presented with emphasis on changes in metabolism and musculo-skeletal system. The modifying effect of weightlessness on the animal radiosensitivity is considered. The use of artificial gravity as a countermeasure against adverse effects of weightlessness is discussed. As an immediate perspective, primate experiments aimed at a detailed study of mechanisms of weightlessness induced changes in the structure and function of the cardiovascular, musculo-skeletal and vestibular systems are described. PMID- 7022013 TI - [Soviet research on artificial gravitational force]. AB - The paper reviews biomedical investigations concerning artificial gravity performed so far in the USSR. It is believed that at the present stage the major task is to identify the minimum value of artificial gravity which may eliminate adverse effects of weightlessness on the human body. In ground-based investigations high priority should be given to the development of methods of increasing human tolerance to a rotating environment. PMID- 7022014 TI - [Space flight and the development of aviation medicine]. AB - The paper discusses certain aspects of interaction between aviation and space medicine, contribution of aviation medicine into the development of space biology and medicine, and the role of cosmonautics in current achievements of aviation medicine. The paper describes advances in studies of space flight effects, development of life support and flight safety systems, medical and psychological support of the flight personnel, implementation of new methods and techniques, electronics, computers and automatics. Particular importance is attached to the rapid development of ergonomic approaches to the design and application of new technology, study of psychophysiology and psychology of human efficient activity in the system "man--flying vehicle--environment", i. e. psychophysiological ergonomics. Certain methodological and organizational aspects of the development of aviation and space medicine are briefly described. PMID- 7022015 TI - [Biomedical training of cosmonauts (history, content, stages, evolution and developmental trends)]. PMID- 7022016 TI - [Effect of an attenuated geomagnetic field on the resistance of Escherichia coli to ultraviolet rays]. AB - The effect of an attenuated geomagnetic field on E. coli tolerance to ultraviolet irradiation was studied. The geomagnetic field was shielded to provide 40- and 160-fold attenuation. It was demonstrated experimentally that the 160-fold attenuated field increased E. coli tolerance, whereas the 40-fold attenuated field decreased it. The geomagnetic effect depended on the exposure time, reaching maximum after five passages of E. coli. An additional magnetic field simulating the geomagnetic field generated in the shielded chamber reversed the effect of an attenuated geomagnetic field. PMID- 7022017 TI - Simple diagnostic test for antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi based on enzyme immunoassay. PMID- 7022018 TI - The "Swiss roll": a simple technique for histological studies of the rodent intestine. PMID- 7022019 TI - Experimental-induced hyperinsulinemia in a fetus and newborn rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - An osmotically driven minipump continuously delivering 19 microU of pork insulin daily (6 microliter/day) was implanted subcutaneously into the upper thigh of a rhesus monkey fetus in utero at 122 days of gestation. A female infant weighing 408 g was delivered spontaneously and prematurely at 141 days of gestation. Within 6-12 hours of birth, she was in shock with signs of hypoglycemia. A radiograph of the chest showed normal lung aeration. Her blood glucose was undetectable (less than 1 mg/dl) and plasma insulin was 130 microU/ml at 12 hours. The minipump was removed, and the monkey was treated with 50% dextrose orally (2.5 g/kg body weight). The infant recovered and had a normal rate of growth thereafter. There was no neurological impairment consistent with hypoxia or hypoglycemia. Subsequent plasma glucose and insulin levels determined at various intervals were within normal limits. PMID- 7022020 TI - Fibronectin in healing rabbit corneal wounds. AB - Fibronectin, a glycoprotein present in plasma and extracellular matrix, is believed to be involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Using immunofluorescence techniques, we studied the time course of appearance and distribution of fibronectin in healing rabbit corneal epithelial wounds and compared fibronectin to other selected proteins in the cornea. In the normal cornea, fibronectin was detected only in Descemet's membrane and not in the epithelial basement membrane. Shortly after wounding, fibronectin deposited on the denuded corneal surface and was a continuous prominent layer by 8 hours. The epithelium had begun to migrate over the deposited fibronectin by 22 hours and by 52 hours had completely covered the denuded surface. Fibrinogen/fibrin was also detected on the initial bare wound surface. Once the wound was reepithelialized, the subepithelial fibronectin and fibrin layer then progressively disappeared, so that by 2 weeks only a small amount was detected. Fibronectin also appeared in the deep stroma of corneas after wounding in elongated patches, a pattern suggestive of keratocyte association. Fibronectin had an inverse relationship to bullous pemphigoid antigen which was used as a marker for the lamina lucida of the epithelial basement membrane. The bullous pemphigoid antigen, which was found in the normal corneal epithelial basement membrane, was removed with the epithelium and reappeared during the wound healing when fibronectin was diminishing. IgG and albumin did not localize on the wound surface, and the diffuse staining seen in the stroma did not change during healing. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that fibronectin and fibrin play a role in epithelial migration and temporary adhesion to the surface during corneal wound healing, at a time when the normal anchoring mechanism is lost. PMID- 7022021 TI - Experimental diabetic cardiopathy preventable by insulin treatment. AB - A quantitative histologic study of hearts from streptozotocin-diabetic and nondiabetic rats was performed. The diabetic rats comprised as group of poorly controlled and one of well-controlled insulin-treated animals. The relative amount of connective tissue was statistically significantly increased in the poorly controlled diabetic rats (p less than 0.01). In the well-controlled group of diabetic rats, the relative amount of connective tissue was the same as in the controls. The number of cells in tunica media of the larger intramural coronary arteries was statistically significantly increased in the diabetic rats in a poorly controlled state (p less than 0.01). There was no difference between the control group and the diabetic rats in a well-controlled metabolic state. Thrombosis or calcification in tunica media of the large intramural coronary arteries was not observed. The present study is reconcilable with the hypothesis of a diabetic cardiopathy and strongly emphasizes the importance of careful insulin treatment. PMID- 7022022 TI - Studies on the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular disease. PMID- 7022023 TI - Use of a chronic prefemoral lymphatic fistula for monitoring systemic capillary integrity in unanesthetized sheep. PMID- 7022024 TI - Improved survival after donor pretreatment with anti-lymphoblast globulin (ALG) in perfused kidneys: experimental findings. PMID- 7022025 TI - Uric acid: effects on serum and urine levels in patients receiving intravenous dextrose, fat, and/or amino acid solutions. PMID- 7022026 TI - Topical fluoride: a status report. PMID- 7022027 TI - Tennessee Dental Association. Directory and membership roster, 1981-82. PMID- 7022028 TI - Nonspecific staining in the immunolocalization of estrogen receptors. PMID- 7022029 TI - The cell cycle in Escherichia coli B/r. PMID- 7022030 TI - On the neurogenic-neuroendocrine regulation of the pancreas. PMID- 7022031 TI - Mathematical expression for the rate of initiation and certain prediction on the non-competitive binding operon: the Escherichia coli lactose operon. PMID- 7022032 TI - Characteristics of the cell populations involved in extra-thymic lymphosarcoma induced in C57BL/6 mice by RadLV-Rs. PMID- 7022033 TI - The lung and its disorders in the newborn infant. PMID- 7022034 TI - Neurology of the newborn. PMID- 7022035 TI - The influence of insulin and glucagon on the activity of pyruvic kinase in rat's liver. PMID- 7022036 TI - The history of disease in Tasmania. PMID- 7022037 TI - A prospective study of the antisecretory and therapeutic effects of cimetidine and glucagon in human acute pancreatitis. AB - Nasogastric suction, glucagon, and cimetidine are proposed treatments for human acute pancreatic because they may reduce gastric acid and exocrine pancreatic secretion. However, the functional status of gastric and pancreatic secretion during human acute pancreatitis is unknown. Thus, we compared the effects of nasogastric suction, intravenous glucagon (5 microgram/kg per hour), and cimetidine (2 mg/kg per hour) on the output of acid and pancreatic enzymes and the clinical course of human acute pancreatitis. In three subjects with acute alcoholic pancreatitis, gastric acid secretion was increased above normal and was decreased by glucagon and cimetidine used alone and in combination. In two of the three patients, duodenal output of trypsin and lipase was normal or increased and was reduced by glucagon and cimetidine given alone or in combination. Twenty patients with documented acute pancreatitis randomly received treatment with nasogastric suction, cimetidine alone, or the combination of cimetidine and glucagon. Four of the five complications observed during the trial occurred in the combination-treatment group (P less than 0.05). Administration of cimetidine alone or with glucagon did not improve the outcome when compared with nasogastric suction. PMID- 7022038 TI - Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni bacteremia in diffuse lymphoma. PMID- 7022039 TI - History of internal medicine. PMID- 7022040 TI - The Medical Annals Committee: an interview with Henry B. Wilson, MD, Chairman. Interview by Blaine Taylor. PMID- 7022041 TI - Brain-reactive antibodies in sera of aging non-human primates. AB - Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated an age-related increase in the brain-reactive antibodies in sera of aging mice. The present paper deals with the study of brain-reactive antibodies in sera of non-human primates (Macaca nemestrina) of three age groups (4, 10 and 20 years) by an indirect immunofluorescence method. The results indicated a progressive increase in the serum levels of these antibodies with advancing age. Since all three age groups examined demonstrated brain-reactive antibodies in sera, the age of onset of these antibodies could not be determined in these animals. It has been suggested that the formation of these antibodies could be evidence of autoimmune reactions which might play a significant role in neuronal degeneration during aging. PMID- 7022042 TI - Beta-carbolines, psychoactive compounds in the mammalian body. Part I: Occurrence, origin and metabolism. AB - We review the occurrence in nature and the formation and biotransformation in mammals of beta-carbolines, the condensation products of tryptophan and indolealkylamines with aldehydes, with special reference to their possible role in man. They are found in many plants, some of which have been used as hallucinogens and drugs. They also occur as minor constituents in tobacco smoke. In man tetrahydro-beta-carboline (tetrahydronorharman), formed from tryptamine condensed with formaldehyde, occurs normally in plasma and is highly concentrated in platelets. The corresponding products from 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5 methoxytryptamine have been identified in rats but their concentrations in man have not yet been assessed. 1-Methyltetrahydro-beta-carboline (tetrahydroharman) is formed in the body as the acetaldehyde condensate after alcohol intake and its concentration is usually greatest at the time of hang-over. Its oxidation product, 1-methyl-beta-carboline (harman), has also been found in human urine and platelets. Tetrahydro-beta-carbolines may be oxidized to corresponding dihydro beta-carbolines and beta-carbolines, at least in vitro. Due to the interesting biochemical and pharmacological effects (see part II) of beta-carbolines, several hypotheses about their role in the body can be made. The concentrations and roles of beta-carbolines in different neuropsychiatric diseases, however, remain to be determined, as suitable evaluation methods have only been developed in recent years. PMID- 7022043 TI - Medicaid and the health care of children in poverty and near poverty: some successes and failures. AB - Recent trends in access to and utilization of health services by children living in poverty, near poverty, and higher income households in the Flint, Michigan, metropolitan area are examined. During the period under study (1973-1977), there were substantial increases in the percentage of poor children enrolled in Medicaid. By 1977, however, 15 per cent of children in poverty in the city of Flint were still not enrolled; in suburban areas, this estimate was 30 per cent. Some correlates of non-enrollment are identified. These changes in Medicaid enrollment were accompanied by an attenuation of differences in the utilization of ambulatory medical services among income groups, although children on Medicaid in 1977 were still less likely to have a regular source of care, and less likely to have a pediatrician as a regular physician. Although dental visits were covered by Medicaid beginning in 1975, economic differentials in dental utilization appear to have widened over the period under study. A variety of barriers to the delivery of services under Medicaid in this community are noted, and the generalizability of these findings discussed. PMID- 7022044 TI - Utilization of health services by poor children since advent of medicaid. AB - Many sources of data confirm that utilization of health services by poor children has increased since the advent of Medicaid in 1966. Poor children make approximately the same number of visits to medical provides each year as do non poor children. Considering the greater need for services among poor children, few suggest that their full need is met. Available data are not entirely adequate to document how or where the increased utilization has occurred. The Medicaid legislation appeared to presume that poor children would be "mainstreamed" into the same provider systems that are used by the non-poor. Data from national and local surveys are cited in support of the possibility that Medicaid has in fact had a paradoxical effect, proportionately increasing publicly sponsored provider systems, and proportionately decreasing poor children's utilization of private medical providers. PMID- 7022045 TI - [Clinical trial of Cefacidal in preparing the colon for surgery]. PMID- 7022046 TI - [Primary cutaneous amyloidosis. Clinical features and histopathology. Its incidence in Ecuador]. PMID- 7022047 TI - [Erythema cinitiensis perstans]. AB - The authors report a case of Erythema Cinitiensis Perstans, in a thirty-one years old white man. This dermatosis, reported in the literature also es Ashy Dermatitis and Erythema Dyschromicum Perstans, is here in Brazil exceptional. Clinically this dermatosis is characterized by the presence of gray patches in a sometimes surrounded by an erythematous active border. The lesions may occur on any area of the integument, sparing the hair scalp, palms, soles and nails. The therapy has been ineffective in all the cases, but one reported by Stevenson and Miura and in our case, where the patients have improved after Dithiazanine iodide treatment due to intestinal parasitoses by the Tricocephalus trichiurus. PMID- 7022048 TI - [Postovulation dermatitis (dermatitis caused by progesterone)]. AB - Postovulation Dermatitis is a frequent clinical picture although it is not well known. Clinically a polymorphous eruption appears between than 8 or 10 day before menses. The Authors report three cases in which an complete immunological investigation was performed. They conclude that there is no objective evidence of the autoimmune pathogeny of this picture in spite of the clinical relationship between the dermatitis and the ovulation. Therefore they suggest that diseases should be described as "Postovulation Dermatitis" instead "Autoimmune Progesterone Dermatitis". PMID- 7022049 TI - [Menkes disease: anatomoclinical study]. AB - This paper presents the anatomoclinical study accomplished on a patient with Menkes Syndrome, which shows typical clinical, radiological and anatomopathological changes, as well as very low levels of copper. The hair changes observed with scanning electronmicroscopy are shown. Through the study of the literature the actual controversy on this disease is analyzed. PMID- 7022050 TI - [Melanoma (Hutchinson's lentigo maligna) having spontaneous regression. A case of immunologic importance]. AB - I. A brief description is given of the general aspects of skin melanomas, including some personal observations. II. Immunologic facts are mentioned demonstrating: A) The existence of specific circulating antibodies demonstrated by immunofluorescence techniques, by the useful action of blood from patients with duly controlled melanoma injected into other melanoma patients, and by the verification that blood serum from a melanoma patient inhibits cultures thereof. B) As regards cell-mediated immunity, this is normal when a melanoma cure is obtained, and abnormal when no cure takes place. C) There exist melanoma remissions in patients treated with specific or non-specific (BCG) antigens. Spontaneous regression has also been observed in some melanomas. III. A case is presented: a) with spontaneous regression of facial malignant lentigo; b) manifestation of a cervical lymph node metastasis after the primitive tumor had subsided; c) low-degree cell-mediated immunity recuperated spontaneously in an exaggerated manner after radical neck dissection in which none of the lymph nodes proved metastatic; d) manifestation of herpes zoster while the patient presented her best immunologic index; and 2) 11 years' survival since the melanoma made its appearance, and more than 2 years (up to March 1979) since the manifestation of the lymph node metastases. PMID- 7022051 TI - [Folliculitis and abscessed nodular perifolliculitis of the upper limb caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes, presumably corticoid-related]. AB - The authors present a follicolitis and perifolliculitis case with abscess and profound nodules, unfolded on a patient who had been subjected to an abusive local an general treatment with corticoids. That process had progressed with similar characteristics to Majocchi's tricophytic granuloma, although this case appeared over the application of that therapeutic. The allergological study could prove a depression of the cellular immunity, but at the same time it demonstrated an abnormal reaction, as an anaphylactoid one, at trychophytin and penicillin. PMID- 7022052 TI - [Focal acantholytic dyskeratosis in an intradermal pigmented nevus]. AB - Dyskeratosis follicularis like changes are reported on a pigmented intradermal naevus (follicular infundibulum) from the nose of a 23 years old woman with no other stigmata of Darier's disease. These findings are discussed at the light of Ackerman's concept of focal acantholytic dyskeratosis and the relevant literature is reviewed. PMID- 7022053 TI - [Cutaneous angioleiomyomas. Review of 75 patients with 77 tumors]. AB - Seventy seven angioleiomyomata from 75 patients, 19 males and 55 females, are reviewed. One patient had 2 lesions and another a local recurrence after surgical excision. Only 3 were less than 20 years old and most were beyond 30 (average age 47). Fifty four lesions were on the lower limbs, 4 on the head and legs), 9 on the upper limbs, 4 on the head and 1 on the trunk. The size of the lesions varied from a pepper grain to a pigeon egg but most were pea sized. The more significant symptom was pain, present in at least 58% of the lesions, and responsible for the diagnosis, often made, of neurofibroma, neuroma, glomus tumour and leiomyoma. Its intensity was variable and could be induced by mechanical or thermal stimuli or even arise spontaneously. Histologically the tumour was usually a deep dermal or hypodermal, well defined, ovoid or round shaped, compact nodule, composed of smooth muscle fibers often disposed around variously shaped vascular lumina. Clinical and histological similarities to glomus tumours as well as the occasional coexistence of both lesions point to a common origin from the myoarterial glomus or from a closely related arteriovenous anastomosis. The relevant features in our series are compared with those reported in the literature and their similarities and differences are discussed. PMID- 7022054 TI - [Mycosis of the foot in people over 40]. AB - Some aspects of the ecology of the human foot in the stage of senescence have been studied. Systematically 200 hospitalized patients, chosen at random, between the ages of 40 and 96 years were examined. The following was observed: 1.) 133 patients (66,5%) presented lesions suspected as dermatomycoses. 2.) 67 patients (33,5%) were free from clinical lesions. 42 (31,5%) positive direct examinations were obtained from the first group and 8 (11,8%) from the second one. In culture were isolated different strains of Dermatophytes obtained from 50 patients as follows: a) From digital fold scales: Trichophyton mentagrophytes: 26 (v. granulosa: 9. v. gypsea: 16, v nivea: 1). Trichophyton rubrum: 18, Epidermophyton floccosum: 1. b) From toe nails: Trichophyton mentagrophytes v. granulosa: 3, Trichophyton rubrum: 7. c) From the sole: Trichophyton rubrum: 1. A series of fungi supposed contaminants were isolated among which because of frequency the following are specified: Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Cephalosporium sp., Fusarium sp., some yeast and some Demataceae. PMID- 7022055 TI - [Simple epidermolysis bullosa. Anatomo-clinical considerations with respect to 7 cases]. AB - Seven patients, belonging to seven different families, are reported. The clinical picture is dominated by the bullous lesions which appeared during the delivery or soon after birth; in one patient (case 4) the lesions first appeared after the first year of life. Besides the bullae there were erosions, crusts, residual macules but no millia cysts or scars. The nails were affected in several patients; the mucosae were affected in 2 patients. The histological aspects of the lesions are described; in all the cases it was possible to establish the position of the cleavage in regard to the functional membrane. The patients were treated with many different kinds of treatment which included topical and systemic corticotherapy; recently alpha-tocopherol (Roche) was assayed; none of the medicaments showed efficacy. The management of the patients relies on protective measures in order to avoid the formation of new lesions; gentle and time consuming nursing care is necessary to treat the patients. This must be explained to the parents of the patients as the care will rely on them. It is important to explain also the basic cutaneous defect that provokes the skin trouble and the necessity to avoid trauma and the possibility of the appearance of a new child with the defect in any subsequent pregnancy. The situation improves with age and this form of E.B. is compatible with a normal adult life. PMID- 7022056 TI - [Cutaneous and muucocutaneous leishmaniasis. New findings on the subject]. AB - The authors have carried a work in which they studied the Leishmaniasis of the skin and their cutaneo-mucosal manifestations, marking on the fact that both are caused by the same agent. They considered also that the visceral Leishmaniasis would be occasioned by the same parasite but in this latter case, it can occur only in anergic people. Finally, they made a clinical and pathologic classification of the cutaneous Leishmania and cutaneo-mucosal Leishmania in: 1. A primary period with 3 histologic manifestations very well known. 2. A period of latency which is variable in time of duration; some times is permanently with parasites in quiescent state in the cells of the reticulous endothelial system. 3. A period of reactivation with cutaneo-mucosal lesions, which shows 3 anatomic and clinic periods: erythematous edematous, granulomatous-proliferative and granulose-necrotic with very important destructions in oropharynx. PMID- 7022057 TI - [Visualization of oxitalan fibers in normal human skin by the alkaline tetrazolium test]. AB - The "elastic system" of the connective tissue includes the oxytalan, the elaunin and the elastic fibers. The oxytalan fibers are formed by the microfibrillar component of the elastic fibers (elastic microfibrils). In the human skin the oxytalan fibers are found in the papillary dermis perpendicularly oriented to the dermo-epidermal junction. It was previously demonstrated by biochemical analysis that sulfur amino acids are present in the elastic microfibrils. Based on these data we could visualize the oxytalan fibers in the human dermis using the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) technique. PMID- 7022058 TI - [Multiple eccrine-pilar hamartoma]. AB - Two cases with acquired lesions on the face and tendency to spread are reported. The unusual lesions have the appearance between millium and atrophodermia vermiculate and the histology presents features of syringoma and trichoepithelioma making this hamartoma unclassifiable. Cases with similar characteristics are discussed. PMID- 7022059 TI - [Hyperthermic ulcero-necrotic parapsoriasis "en gouttes" with naso-pharyngeal lesions]. AB - The clinical history of a patient affected by a chronic relapsing eruption is presented. Successive papulopustular, necrotic and ulcerous lesions with fever and general distress appeared. There was no visceral affectation. The case corresponded to the necrotic and hyperthermic parapsoriasis "en gouttes" or acute pityriasis lichenoides as described by Degos and col., 1966. The presence of vasculitis with lymphohistiocytic inflammation invading the epidermis is described. The aspect was similar to the parapsoriasis "en gouttes" pattern even though a biopsy showed the presence of necrotizing angeitis of small vessels, as previously reported. The patient also presented oral and nasopharyngeal ulcerous lesions similar to those found in malignant midline granuloma and Wegener granulomatosis, even though histopathologically different. It is interesting to note the absence of any visceral involvement in a 12 years evolution. PMID- 7022060 TI - [Lichen planus verrucosum and spinocellular carcinoma]. AB - A case of lichen planus verrucosus of the legs in a 29 year old patient is presented by the authors. 18 years after the outset a squamous cell carcinoma giving rise to lymph node metastasis appeared on a lesion localized on the external side of the right leg. The chronic inflammation and the traumatism are the only carcinogenetic factors to be considered. In this case there were no antecedents of arsenic administration. The therapy with bleomicin and R.X. was effective. The review of the literature shows the extreme rarity of the malignant transformation of the lichen planus verrucose. PMID- 7022061 TI - [Multiple applications of closed permanent wet dressings. Their mode of action]. AB - New applications and forms of Darier's humid permanent closed cures are analysed specially in connection with concepts of cutaneous hydratation. The multiplicity of their application however makes it necessary to find an explanation for their excellent effects which are probably related to the anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and antiinfectious actions as well as the permanent draining effect from the deeper layers to the surface of the epidermis. The hydratation affected by HPCC is very important in dry and exudative stasis dermatitis with both a complete or a partial loss of stratum corneum. Cutaneous eutrophia is restored quite rapidly and an anti-infectious effect is brought about simultaneously. Especially in cases of stasis dermatitis with excessive secretions and pus formation the permanent drainage and hydratation make possible rapid healing. The preference for sodium borate does not exclude the use of other substance both alone or in combination. On the contrary, HPCC may be employed with especific antibiotics. Topical corticosteroid and antibiotic combination is frequently used in stasis dermatitis. In cases of pyoderma, the results obtained are definitively better when antibiotics are of the treatment. Eventually systematic corticoids may be included in the therapeutic arsenal. PMID- 7022062 TI - Bureaucracy and mental illness: the commissioners in lunacy 1845-90. PMID- 7022063 TI - New light on John Woodall, surgeon and adventurer. PMID- 7022064 TI - Hydropathy in England 1840-70. PMID- 7022065 TI - A failure "without parallel": the school medical service and the London County Council 1907-12. PMID- 7022066 TI - Medical knowledge and statistical methods in early nineteenth-century France. PMID- 7022067 TI - [The role of symptomatology in clinical diagnosis]. PMID- 7022068 TI - [Gastrostomy--a simple method with many advantages]. PMID- 7022069 TI - [Clinical and theoretical aspects of bone formation]. PMID- 7022070 TI - [Application possibilities of symmetrical and asymmetrical serial Z plasty for correction of facial and neck scars (author's transl)]. AB - After review of the principles of the simple and multiple Z-plasty the authors demonstrate clinical cases of primary facial wound closure and correction of large cervical scars. PMID- 7022071 TI - Artificial larynges: a review and development of a prototype self-contained intra oral artificial larynx. PMID- 7022072 TI - "How I do it" - head and neck. A targeted problem and its solution. Bronchoscopy as an aid in the diagnosis of pneumonia in pediatric immunosuppressed patients. What to order. PMID- 7022073 TI - Directory of otolaryngologic societies. PMID- 7022074 TI - The school-to-work transition in nursing: an annotated bibliography. PMID- 7022075 TI - [The artificial pancreas--clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022076 TI - [Surface markers of T and B lymphocytes: II. Their investigation in 13 patients with untreated acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022077 TI - Hormonal regulation of protein degradation in skeletal and cardiac muscle. PMID- 7022078 TI - Potentiation of arginine-induced glucagon secretion by adenosine. PMID- 7022079 TI - A distinct peptidyl dipeptidase that degrades enkephalin: exceptionally high activity in rabbit kidney. PMID- 7022080 TI - Oral ingestion of insulin liposomes: effects of the administration route. PMID- 7022081 TI - Growth hormone and prolactin in avian species. PMID- 7022082 TI - Effect of insulin on ascorbic acid uptake by heart endothelial cells: possible relationship to retinal atherogenesis. PMID- 7022084 TI - [Radionuclide study of intracardiac left to right blood ejection]. PMID- 7022083 TI - Increased proportion of medium chain fatty acids in nystatin-resistant yeast mutants. AB - Fatty acid composition of phospholipids and steryl esters from four nystatin resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was compared to that from the wild strain. All the mutant strains which produce several ergosterol intermediates incorporated two- to three-fold as much medium chain fatty acids, especially 14:1 in phospholipids, and 12:0, 14:0 and 14:1 in steryl esters as the wild strain did. The increase in the relative amount of medium chain fatty acids in these mutants was found at all the growth temperatures and the growth phases examined, and in all the phospholipid species. PMID- 7022085 TI - [Correlation of the parameters of kidney roentgenometry and radionephrograms]. PMID- 7022086 TI - [Organically bound tritium]. PMID- 7022087 TI - [Complex roentgen radiological and instrumental diagnosis of focal liver formations]. PMID- 7022088 TI - [Postinjection insulin lipodystrophy]. PMID- 7022089 TI - [Outstanding epidemiologist (Vladimir Aaronovich Khavkin)]. PMID- 7022090 TI - The history of Osler's Principles and Practice of Medicine. PMID- 7022091 TI - Wounded presidents: 1981 almost repeats the events of 1881. PMID- 7022092 TI - Group G streptococci in newborns. PMID- 7022093 TI - [Computer technology in medical x-ray apparatus (based on materials at the Public Health-80 International Exhibition)]. PMID- 7022094 TI - [Dental equipment at the Public Health-80 International Exhibition]. PMID- 7022095 TI - [Flufenazine decanoate in the ambulatory treatment of schizophrenic patients]. PMID- 7022096 TI - [Pathologico-anatomical evaluation of colorectal cancer from a prognostic viewpoint]. PMID- 7022097 TI - [Surgical treatment of esophageal perforations and related complications]. PMID- 7022098 TI - [Insulin therapy in diabetes mellitus. Clinical experiences with a highly purified swine insulin]. PMID- 7022099 TI - [Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) of the thoracic spine]. PMID- 7022100 TI - [Controlled, comparative blind study on the effect of glycerin infusions in recent ischemic crises]. PMID- 7022101 TI - [Thomas Addison (1793-1860). On the 120th anniversary of his death]. PMID- 7022102 TI - [The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system under stimulation conditions after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7022103 TI - [Devotion to the health cause: Fred Lower Soper]. PMID- 7022104 TI - Androgen therapy during myeloblastic leukemia remission induced by two drug combinations. PMID- 7022105 TI - Comparison of the metabolic responses to portal and peripheral infusions of insulin in diabetic dogs. PMID- 7022106 TI - The antilipolytic effect of insulin in human adipose tissue in obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperinsulinemia, and starvation. AB - The antilipolytic effect of insulin in vitro was investigated in conditions known to be associated with resistance to the effect of insulin on glucose metabolism. Human subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from 14 obese subjects before and during starvation for 7 days, 12 untreated non-insulin dependent diabetics (NIDDM), 6 untreated insulin dependent diabetics (IDDM), and 10 nonobese control subjects. The tissue was incubated with and without insulin in concentration ranging from 1-10,000 microunits/ml. Responsiveness (maximum effect) and sensitivity to insulin were determined under basal induction conditions, since insulin had a bimodal effect on noradrenaline stimulated lipolysis. Under normal conditions both insulin sensitivity and insulin responsiveness were positively correlated with the basal rate of lipolysis. In obesity, IDDM and NIDDM there were no change in insulin sensitivity or in insulin responsiveness. When the obese subjects were divided into one hyperinsulinemic group (6 individuals) and one group with normal fasting serum insulin levels (7 individuals) a similar antilipolytic effect of insulin was observed in the two groups. During starvation there was a 20-fold increase in insulin sensitivity (p less than 0.01) but no change in insulin responsiveness in femoral fat and only a decrease in responsiveness (p less than 0.01) in abdominal fat. The present data supports the view that antilipolysis in human fat cells is not involved in the insulin resistance seen in obesity, starvation, diabetes and hyperinsulinemia. PMID- 7022107 TI - Lipoprotein lipase of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in human obesity: response to glucose and to semistarvation. PMID- 7022108 TI - Insulin degradation by insulin target cells. AB - Recent findings illustrate the complexities associated with the interaction between insulin and its target cells. These results suggest that the processes involved in insulin action and those involved in insulin degradation may have certain steps in common. Both apparently begin when insulin binds to the insulin receptor. The next step is unknown but it ultimately leads to the internalization of the hormone before insulin dissociates from the cell surface. Furthermore, internalization appears to be a requirement for efficient degradation of insulin since the vast majority (perhaps all in certain cells) of the degrading activity is intracellular. Internalization may not be required to produce certain actions of the hormone, however, and the two processes may diverge at the point. It is not clear how insulin enters the target cell other than the process appears to be receptor-mediated. Also, further work is needed to more fully characterize the vesicles that contain internalized insulin. Finally, the actual location of insulin degradation and the enzyme(s) involved need further study, especially to clarify the relative contributions of lysosomes, cytosolic protease, and GIT to physiological insulin destruction. An understanding of the overall process of insulin degradation is required for a complete description of the physiologic disposition of the hormone at the target cell. Moreover, this system has subtle control mechanisms that may have important implications for the management of diabetes and other endocrine and metabolic disorders. PMID- 7022109 TI - Ethanol-insulin interrelationships in the rat studied in vitro and in vivo: evidence for direct ethanol inhibition of biphasic glucose-induced insulin secretion. AB - The effect of ethanol (ETOH) on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was studied using: (1) an in vitro isolated pancreas perfusion system, and (2) an in vivo preparation utilizing unrestrained, unanesthetized rats with indwelling jugular and aortic catheters. ETOH exposure in vitro resulted in a decrease in glucose stimulated insulin secretion from the perfused rat pancreas. Second phase secretion (min 30-60) was inhibited at low ETOH exposure (100 mg/dl) and both first (min 2-8) and second phase secretion were inhibited at higher ETOH levels (1000 mg/dl). This indicates that second phase secretion of insulin from the pancreas is more sensitive to the acute effects of ETOH than is first phase secretion. ETOH preinfusion of 4 hr in vivo resulted in an approximate 20 mg/dl decrease in plasma glucose concentrations with little or no alteration in plasma insulin levels. One hour ETOH preinfusion produced a modest 8 mg/dl fall in plasma glucose. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests following low level ETOH infusion of 4 hr resulted in an enhancement in the insulin response with no change in glucose removal. This enhancement was not observed at higher ETOH levels or after high-level, short (1 hr) ETOH preinfusion. The data suggest that stimulus-induced insulin secretion may be enhanced by an ETOH metabolite if the ETOH exposure is prolonged and at a low level. Higher ETOH concentration appears to directly block this enhancement. Due to response similarities the rat model may be of considerable value to study the effects of ETOH on stimulus-induced insulin secretion in human subjects. PMID- 7022110 TI - Carbohydrate intake affects insulin binding to human erythrocytes in normal weight subjects but not in subjects with family obesity. AB - The effects of different carbohydrate intakes on insulin binding to human erythrocytes were studied in thirty nine obese and twelve normal weight subjects belonging to twelve families with a strong penetrance of obesity("family experiment"), and in nine normal weight subjects with no family or personal history of obesity or diabetes ("diet experiment"). In the "family experiment," the mean insulin binding in obese subjects was significantly lower than in control normal weight siblings and parents. This difference cannot be related to an increase in carbohydrate or caloric intakes, since there was no difference in daily food intake between the obese and the control subjects. In the "diet experiment," the volunteers were studied four times: twice with their spontaneous diet, one with a normocaloric carbohydrate rich diet and once with a normocaloric fat rich diet. Both the carbohydrate and fat rich diets resulted in a significant lowering of binding when compared to the period of spontaneous diet. In the two experiments, the decrease in binding is due to a decrease in the number of receptors per erythrocyte. The possibility of a common underlying mechanism is discussed. PMID- 7022111 TI - Use of a heated superficial hand vein as an alternative site for the measurement of amino acid concentrations and for the study of glucose and alanine kinetics in man. PMID- 7022113 TI - Ion binding in biological systems as studied by NMR spectroscopy. PMID- 7022112 TI - Recent developments in amino acid analysis by gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 7022114 TI - Hydrophobic interaction chromatography of proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, and cells on noncharged amphiphilic gels. PMID- 7022115 TI - Introduction to stereo imaging. PMID- 7022116 TI - Three-dimensional ultrastructure in biology. PMID- 7022117 TI - Theory of stereopsis. PMID- 7022118 TI - Mock stereo. PMID- 7022119 TI - Quantitative methods applied to stereo imaging. Theory. PMID- 7022120 TI - Quantitative three-dimensional reconstruction. Introduction. PMID- 7022121 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction of single molecules. PMID- 7022122 TI - Stages and stereo-pair recording. PMID- 7022123 TI - Stereomicroscopy of whole cells. PMID- 7022124 TI - Stereoscopic electron microscopy of chromosomes. PMID- 7022125 TI - Three-factor reciprocal cross mapping of a gene that causes expression of feedback-resistant acetohydroxy acid synthase in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The ilv-662 allele was previously identified as a mutation that caused acetohydroxy acid synthase activity to be resistant to feedback inhibition by valine (Davis et al. 1977). This allele was mapped between thr and leu by cotransduction analysis and labeled ilvJ. This report describes the mapping of ilvJ relative to genes that lie between thr and leu (ara, carA and pdxA) by three factor reciprocal cross analyses. We find that the probable gene order is thr carA-pdxA-ilvJ-ara-leu. Although the phenotypic properties of ilvJ662 appear to be quite distinct from brnS, a gene reported to involve branched chain amino acid transport (Guardiola et al. 1974), we do not rule out possible allelism because of the uncertainty of the map position of brnS. PMID- 7022126 TI - Fine structure of the 21S ribosomal RNA region on yeast mitochondrial DNA. IV. Characterization of the omega neutral allele. AB - The omega locus controls the polarity of recombination and transmission of genetic markers in the 21S ribosomal RNA region in yeast mtDNA. Polarity is observed in crosses between omega+ and omega- strains. These two strains differ by the presence of an intervening sequence in the 21S ribosomal RNA gene of omega+ strains. Mutations of the omega- allele, omega neutral (omegan), can eliminate the polarity effect. We have made DNA:RNA hybrids containing ribosomal RNA from an omegan strain and mtDNA from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis (identical to omega- in the nucleotide sequence of the omega region). These hybrids contain no mismatch at the omega region detectable by digestion with S1 nuclease. We conclude that omegan differs from omega- only in a point mutation or analogous small alteration and that the omegan mutation can result either in a Cr phenotype (omeganCr) or in the phenotypic suppression of pre-existing Cr mutations (omegenCs). All results can be explained by a model which postulates interaction in the ribosome between the Cr and omegan regions of the ribosomal RNA and interference of the omegan mutation with splicing of the precursor ribosomal RNA in omega+ strains. The mechanism of omega-directed polarity is discussed. PMID- 7022127 TI - DNA sequence of a plasmid-encoded dihydrofolate reductase. AB - The sequence of the methotrexate-resistant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene borne by the plasmid R-388 was determined. The gene was subcloned and mapped by an in vitro mutagenesis method involving insertion of synthetic oligonucleotide decamers encoding the BamHI recognition site. Sites of insertion that destroyed the methotrexate resistance fell in two regions separated by 300 bp within a 1.2 kb fragment. One of these regions encodes a 78 amino acid polypeptide homologous to another drug-resistant DHFR. The second region essential for DHFR expression appears to be the promoter of the DHFR gene. PMID- 7022128 TI - Acetohydroxy acid synthase isoenzymes of Escherichia coli K-12: a trans-acting regulatory locus of ilvHI gene expression. AB - We isolated an Escherichia coli K-12 regulatory mutation affecting the acetohydroxy acid synthase III isoenzyme. This mutation was found to lie outside the structural genes ilvHI for this isoenzyme and was designated lrs-1. A strain carrying this mutation was found to be altered in the leucine-mediated control of ilvHI mRNA and acetohydroxy acid synthase III synthesis observed in the isogenic lrs+ strain. These alterations appeared to be a consequence of a reduced intracellular concentration of a single one of five tRNALeu isoaccepting species. PMID- 7022129 TI - Nitrate reductase and cytochrome bnitrate reductase structural genes as parts of the nitrate reductase operon. AB - The existence of a nitrate-reductase operon in the tryptophane region was deduced from the effects of prophage insertion in each of chlI and chlC genes and from transposition of the Mu-mediated host DNA fragments of F-prime. This operon appears to be polarized from chlC to chlI and the gene order in the region is trp -- chlI -- chlC -- purB. PMID- 7022131 TI - The isolation of nonsense mutations in cell division cycle genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7022130 TI - Asymmetric repair of bacteriophage T7 heteroduplex DNA. AB - Heteroduplex DNA molecules were prepared in vitro using one strand of DNA carrying a point mutation and one strand of the corresponding wild-type DNA. The heteroduplex DNA was transfected into competent bacteria and the progeny genotypes in the resulting infective centers were determined. From the results we conclude that about 80% of all transfected DNA molecules are repaired before DNA replication starts. This fraction of repaired DNA is independent of the location of the mismatched nucleotide pair. However, mismatch correction occurs preferentially on the H strand of the heteroduplex DNA. The repair does not depend on a known phage coded function but requires the active bacterial genes mutU, mutH, mutS and probably mutL. PMID- 7022132 TI - DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli during a nutritional shift-up. AB - DNA synthesis in a thymine-requiring Escherichia coli K12 strain was studied by exploiting deoxyguanosine, so simulating the behaviour of Thy+ strains. DNA synthesis is inhibited during the first 24 min after a nutritional shift-up. The new DNA/mass is lower than that predicted by current models for initiation control. PMID- 7022133 TI - Sporulation of products of protoplast fusion without regeneration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, diploid strains which are respiratory deficient (e.g., rho-) or are homozygous for the mating-type locus (i.e., either a/a or alpha/alpha) are unable to sporulate. In order to induce sporulation in these nonsporulating strains, the technique of protoplast fusion mediated by polyethylene glycol was adopted. In this study, the products of protoplast fusion were induced to sporulate without reversion to normal cells. Protoplasts from a respiratory-deficient diploid strain were mixed with those from a respiratory competent haploid one carrying mitochondrial drug resistance markers, treated with 30% polyethylene glycol-4000 and 25 mM CaCl2, and incubated in 0.1 M potassium acetate containing 0.8 M sorbitol as an osmotic stabilizer. After two days' incubation, asci with three to eight spores were formed at a frequency of 1 x 10(-3) to 2 x 10(-4). Sporulation was also observed in products of fusion between an a/a diploid and alpha haploid strains and between an alpha/alpha diploid and a haploid strains. The analysis of the genotypes of spores revealed that when fusion products were cultured under conditions for sporulation, karyogamy did not take place, diploid nuclei underwent meiosis, and both diploid and haploid nuclei were able to develop into spores. PMID- 7022135 TI - Revised location of the Escherichia coli gene coding for ribosomal protein S2. PMID- 7022134 TI - Altered stability and integration frequency of a F' factor in RNA polymerase mutants of Escherichia coli. AB - A number of spontaneous rifampicin-resistant (Rifr) mutants were isolated from a strain of E. coli having a deletion in the lac proA proB region of the chromosome. The stability of a F'lac proA proB episome in these mutants was determined by their sensitivity to acridine orange curing and the frequency of spontaneous loss of episomes. The Rifr mutants can be divided into three classes based on their ability to maintain the F'lac pro episome. Class I mutants (25% of the total Rifr mutants) showed high degree of spontaneous episome loss and high sensitivity to acridine orange curing. Class II mutants (55% of the total Rifr mutants), like the parent strains, showed intermediate sensitivity to acridine orange curing. Class III mutants (21% of the total Rifr mutants) showed high resistance to acridine orange curing and low frequency of spontaneous episome loss. Three-fourths of the Class II mutants were found to be Hfr as shown by their lack of the F'lac pro DNA band on agarose gel together with their ability to mobilize chromosomal markers in mating. Representative Rifr mutants from each class were selected and the Rifr mutants from each class were selected and the Rifr mutations were mapped within the proB gene for the beta beta' operon by P1 transduction. These results indicate that RNA polymerase, or the beta subunit of RNA polymerase, plays an important role in maintaining the F' lac pro episome and in the integration of the F' lac pro episome where no extensive sequence homology is involved. PMID- 7022137 TI - Nucleic acid metabolism in yeast II. Metabolism of thymidylate during thymidylate excess death. AB - A discrete class of strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, able to utilize, highly efficiently, exogenous deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate (dTMP),was found to be sensitive to concentrations greater than 10 Micro M dTMP in an otherwise complete growth medium. Excess dTMP is cytostatic and cytotoxic: 90% of exponentially growing cells lose colony forming ability within 1 h of exposure to excess dTMP is a growth medium. Uptake of dTMP, adenine, histidine, and leucine does occur during this thymidylate excess death (TED). dTMP is anabolized to higher phosphorylated synthesis is blocked under TED-conditions but not RNA and protein biosynthesis. PMID- 7022136 TI - Copy number control and incompatibility of plasmid R1: identification of a protein that seems to be involved in both processes. AB - Investigations into the genetic determinants for incompatibility of miniplasmids and hybrid replicons constructed from wide type and mutant R1 revealed the presence of an incompatibility function at the junction f two small PstI fragments. These two fragments were not distinguished in earlier experiments since they have the same mobility on agarose gels. This incompatibility function is distinct from other inc-determinants of R1 (Kollek and Goebel 1979; Molin and Nordstrom, 1980) and independent of R1-type replication. By means of specific deletions and subcloning of DNA fragments, the location of this new inc determinant could be determined further. After deletion of this inc-determinant from inc-determinant from miniplasmids, a 5-fold increase in copy number was observed which could then be reduced to a copy number of about 1 plasmid per cell by complementation with hybrid plasmids having this function. Incompatibility of miniplasmids deleted in this determinant is not reduced, whereas analogous deletions introduced into recombinant plasmids nearly abolished their incompatibility. This determinant seems to exert strong incompatibility only when cloned on pBR322. Therefore, its main function is plasmid R1 is probably restricted to copy control. The appearance of low copy numbers of of miniplasmids carrying this determinant and of trans-acting copy control and strong incompatibility exerted by hybrid plasmids is consistently correlated with the presence of a protein of 11,000 molecular weight, synthesized in relatively large amounts in Escherichia coli minicells. PMID- 7022138 TI - The two methionine adenosyl transferases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: evidence for the existence of dimeric enzymes. AB - In Saccharomyces cerevisiae either of the two genes SAM1 and SAM2 is able to produce a functional methionine adenosyl transferase (MATI and MATII). In a wild type strain, MATI and MATII are present in dimeric forms: MATI-MATI, MATII-MATII and perhaps MATI-MATII. A hypothesis is presented to explain the possible role of these different forms of methionine adenosyl transferase in S. cerevisiae. PMID- 7022139 TI - Thermal resistance to photoreactivation of specific mutations potentiated in E. coli B/r ung by ultraviolet light. AB - Mutagenesis by ultraviolet light was studied in a strain of E. coli ung, which lacks uracil-DNA glycosylase activity. Mutation potentiated by UV in cells already induced by nalidixic acid treatment was still photoreversible suggesting that pyrimidine dimers act directly as premutational photoproducts. Secondly, irradiated cells were held in buffer at 48 degrees C for 0 to 135 min to allow for deamination of cytosines in pyrimidine dimers. The mutation frequencies for class 2 de novo suppressor mutation, for class 2 converted suppressor mutation and for backmutation were individually determined, before and after photoreactivation, as a function of this thermal treatment. Backmutation remained sensitive to photoreactivation throughout the treatment but de novo and converted suppressor mutations rapidly developed resistance to photoreactivation. This resistance was not seen in an ung+ control. A model is proposed to account for the selective resistance based on the hypothesis that class 2 de novo and converted suppressor mutations normally result from UV by GC to AT transitions at T = C dimers. The model described deamination of the cytosine residues in these dimers to become uracil residues. In consequence, monomerization by photoreactivation in cells that can not repair uracils in DNA no longer reverse mutation and GC to AT transitions are established at the sites of uracils. PMID- 7022140 TI - Proline over-production results in enhanced osmotolerance in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Mutants of S. typhimurium with enhanced osmotolerance were isolated. These mutants were obtained as strains which over-produced proline due to regulatory mutations affecting proline biosynthesis. The mutations are located on F'proBa and upon transfer to other S. typhimurium strains, they confer enhanced osmotolerance on the recipients. The osmotolerant mutants not only have higher intracellular proline levels than the osmosensitive parental strain, but the proline levels in the osmotolerant mutants are regulated such that they increase in response to osmotic stress. Possibly reasons why elevated proline levels lead to enhanced osmotolerance are discussed. PMID- 7022141 TI - Studies on the antibacterial activity of phanquone: chelating properties in relation to mode of action against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Phanquone is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Its activity is affected by the nature of the suspending fluid, pH and anaerobic growth conditions. Its ability to chelate metal ions was examined and found to be related to its antibacterial activity, which was reduced by the presence of added metal ions, e.g. Co (II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Fe(III) in nutrient media for both E. coli and S. aureus. When antibacterial activity was examined in dis-nutrient media for both E. coli and S. aureus. When antibacterial activity was examined in distilled water, then certain added metal ions, whilst antagonizing activity was examined in distilled water, then certain added metal ions, whilst antagonizing the activity of Phanquone against E. coli, exerted a co operative effect in the case of S. aureus. The addition of EDTA and NTA lowered the activity of Phanquone against S. aureus, but not E. coli, while the addition of thiol-containing compounds lowered its activity against E. coli but not S. aureus. concentration quenching was observed for S. aureus but not for E. coli, while overnight pre-incubation at 4 degrees C resulted in the appearance of a growth zone inside the zone of inhibition in the case of S. aureus but not E. coli. Phanquone may have a different mode of action against the two organisms. PMID- 7022142 TI - Bioassay of phenol disinfectants by flow microcalorimetry. AB - A rapid flow microcalorimetric method for the bioassay of phenol disinfectants is described. The assay may be used for phenol within the range 50-80 mM with a reproducibility of +/- 2%. Assay results on other phenols examined indicate the range of the assay. Commercial disinfectants may be assayed directly (the flow microcalorimetric technique makes no demands for optical clarity nor absence of suspended material on the solutions used) with the same reproducibility. An in use concentration of the chosen disinfectant may be selected from the experimental data since the flow microcalorimetric output permits "time-to-death' of the test organism to be observed directly. PMID- 7022143 TI - Microcalorimetry studies of energy changes during the growth of Klebsiella aerogenes in simple salt/glucose media. 2. Enthalpy of aerobic growth. AB - Power-time traces for cells of K. aerogenes growing aerobically in batch culture with glucose limitation are reported and the results discussed with the corresponding mass balance data. Enthalpy values during the consumption of glucose and production of cellular material are calculated during growth in glucose (concentration range 0.56-5.4 mmol dm-3). The efficiency of caloric conversion and energy requirements during growth are considered by two methods. The measured enthalpy (delta hgluc) is significantly lower than the theoretical value, (delta Hox). The difference in the values is considered o be a measure of the enthalpy of growth (delta HB) and accounts for 5-15% of the initial substrate energy present. PMID- 7022144 TI - Two phases of the bone mineral as revealed by the high resolution scanning electron microscope on ion-etched bone surfaces and as seen on surfaces untreated and chemically etched. AB - Recently reported uses of the technique of high resolution scanning microscopy of polished and Argon ion-etched bone surfaces have revealed that, at the ultrastructural level, the bone mineral is spatially arranged in a network of twisted, closely packed segments containing globular and cylindrical components. The ion-etching technique, which preferentially removes organic and less dense material from the bone surface, has been subsequently used by the present authors for detailed screening of a quantity of human cortical and trabecular bone of different age and maturity during which it has been found that apart from this "structured bone' containing twisted segments, the mineral is also organised in another regular form, the "lining bone', which has the appearance of solid, smooth and dense slabs or sheets lining active bone surfaces and bone cell lacunae and canaliculi. In the present study, in order to exclude the possibility that these two newly described phases of the bone mineral microskeleton are results of an etching artifact, their SEM appearance in 14 Argon ion-etched human bone specimens from individuals aged 11 post-natal days to 79 years was compared in various compartments to that seen on surfaces which were untreated, just polished or etched by hot NaOCl. The results have shown that both the structured and lining bone are genuine features since although the best results for their clear and reliable distinction were achieved by the ion-etching technique, these images could also be recognised on bone surfaces which were untreated or treated in a different way. PMID- 7022145 TI - Fluoride. PMID- 7022146 TI - MSMS Council votes to appeal decision that MSMS violated anti-trust, fixed fees. PMID- 7022147 TI - During FTC trial, MSMS staunchly upheld MDs' role in medical cost containment. PMID- 7022149 TI - Neonatal group B b-haemolytic streptococcal infection in Kuala Lumpur. PMID- 7022148 TI - Jackson's enterprising Doctor Niekamp organizes "army" for high school physicals. PMID- 7022150 TI - [Limits of internal intensive medicine]. PMID- 7022151 TI - [Treatment of duodenal ulcer: 400 mg cimetidine twice a day is adequate]. PMID- 7022152 TI - [Biotransformation: its effects on the actions and side effects of drugs]. PMID- 7022153 TI - Characteristics of children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in long-term continuous remission: a report for Childrens Cancer Study Group. AB - Children and young adults less than 18 years of age with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia who remained in long term bone marrow and extramedullary remission for two years or longer since starting maintenance were compared to the remaining responders for the following characteristics: cell type, sex, age at diagnosis, race, pretreatment, white blood count, length of time from start to induction therapy to achievement of an M1 marrow, marrow rating at day 56 of therapy, marrow rating at the start of maintenance therapy, and specific study. Forty eight patients of a group of 333 qualified as having long term remission (14.4%). Multivariant analysis indicated that patients between the ages of 3 and 10 years (p = 0.003) as well as the length of time to achieve an M1 marrow from the start of treatment (p = 0.03) were the only characteristics associated with achievement of a long term remission. Maintenance therapy was discontinued in 15 patients from 2.5 to 4.8 years after start of maintenance and all patients remained in bone marrow remission of periods from 0+ to 3.0+ years after stopping treatment. Of the 33 who have remained on a continuous maintenance therapy 12 have had bone marrow relapses. These data confirm the prognostic value of age and length of time to achieve remission during induction in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and suggest that there may be no significant benefit from maintenance therapy continued beyond 2 years for patients in their initial remission. PMID- 7022154 TI - Teichoic and teichuronic acids: biosynthesis, assembly, and location. PMID- 7022155 TI - Picornaviral structure and assembly. PMID- 7022156 TI - Distribution of isoprenoid quinone structural types in bacteria and their taxonomic implication. PMID- 7022157 TI - Evolution of antibiotic resistance gene function. PMID- 7022158 TI - [Hydrocortisone-17-butyrate (0.1 percent) versus hydrocortisone acetate (1 percent) in atopic dermatitis. Controlled double-blind study of 20 children]. PMID- 7022160 TI - Missouri State Medical Association. Annual Directory. 1981-1982 Membership Roster. PMID- 7022159 TI - [Prevention of neuromuscular diseases]. PMID- 7022161 TI - Clinical trials of oxibendazole for control of equine internal parasites including benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles. PMID- 7022162 TI - Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigens: separation by can A chromatography and immunoaffinity purification. PMID- 7022163 TI - [Dr. Jozsef Balo (1895-1979)]. PMID- 7022164 TI - [Preparation of large paraffin sections]. PMID- 7022165 TI - [Fixation of tissue specimens]. AB - Authors studied the efficacy of various fixatives used in pathohistology. For general purposes and for impregnation techniques sodium-acetate-formalin, for the demonstration of cytoplasmic granula of endocrine cells and for staining of connective tissue elements Ort's solution and formalin with chrome-alum should be used. Demonstration of glycogen seems to be optimal after the use of the mixture of picric acid- acetic acid and alcohol as a fixative. PMID- 7022166 TI - [Factors determining the patency of experimental anastomoses between lymphatic vessels and veins]. AB - End-to-end anastomoses between lymph vessels and veins performed under microscopy (magnification lox--20 x) may be useful in the treatment of certain types of lymphoedema. End-to-end anastomosis of the vena profunda femoris and a deeply localized lymph vessel have been performed on the hind-legs of 10 dogs. Scanning electron microscopic investigation of the anastomosis has been carried out at 0h, 48h and 8 days respectively after the operation. Scanning electron micrographs of the inner surface of the anastomosis indicate that blood flow though the anastomosis can be achieved by atraumatic surgical technique (by the use of thin) 10/0) sewing material and needle. Injury to the endothelial surface results in platelet and erythrocyte aggregation. 8 days after the operation the inner surface of the anastomosis is covered by cells (endothelium?). Early development of a new inner cell layer can prevent occlusion of the shunt. PMID- 7022167 TI - [Blood group characteristics of Hapsburgs belonging to the line of Josef, Palatine of Hungary]. AB - Results of the reported examination of blood-group characteristics and inheritance of historical personalities of Hungary evidence that blood-group determination or identification can be successfully carried out from bone or/and hair specimens having been buried and/or conserved for a long time. It should be mentioned, that determination of blood-group in such specimens and evaluation of results requires an exceptional carefulness since specific reactions may occur. PMID- 7022168 TI - [Correlation between the placental surface and the maturity of the newborn]. AB - Morphometrical method of determination of the surface of the vili of placenta is described. The average of the surface of placental vili in normal pregnancy appeared to be - 12,14 +/- 2,27 m2. This valued in toxaemia of pregnancy - 9,25 +/- 1,52 m2, and in cases of dismaturation 7,62 +/- 0,98 m2. It was established that the morphometrical method was sensitive and suitable for the study of the relationship between the surface of the placenta and intrauterine development of the foetus. This was evidenced by the fact that surface of the placenta of low weight newborns (10-25%) and that of the newborns with overweight (75%) had shown a significant difference. These findings are not in accordance with the data reported in the literature. PMID- 7022169 TI - [Renal siderosis in cardiac hemolysis]. AB - Renal siderosis caused by intravasal haemolysis has been studied in 202 autopsy cases, which based on the origin of the intravasal haemolysis have been divided into three groups: 1. patients deceased months or years after artificial valve implantation; 2. patients with congenital or acquired defective heart valves without surgical treatment; 3. patients deceased several days after open heart surgery. Renal siderosis has been detected by prussian-blue staining method. In 1/3 of the cases quantitative determination of the iron content has also been carried out. In cases of chronic defective heart valves without an operation renal siderosis has not developed. Among patients, who underwent open-heart operation it has been observed only in one case. After valvular replacement except one case-renal siderosis developed only in patients with valvular failure. These findings seem to indicate that unless rare exceptions renal siderosis develops only in cases of long lasting intravasal haemolysis. PMID- 7022170 TI - On the involvement of singlet oxygen in mutation induction by 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA irradiation in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The possible mutagenic effects induced by single oxygen, which is formed during UVA irradiation of bacterial cells pretreated with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), were investigated. As genetic endpoint, black mutation from arg-56 to arg+ was assayed in strain Escherichia coli K-12/343/113/uvrB; this system, in preliminary experiments, was rather sensitive to 8-MOP-induced photodynamic effects. To assess the involvement of singlet oxygen (1O2) in the mutation induction process, 2 tests were applied, namely, comparative mutation induction in D2O and H2O media (pH 7.0) and quenching of 1O2 with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO). When photodynamy was performed with the indicator cells suspended in D2O buffer, the mutagenic effect was substantially higher than that obtained with cells suspended in H2O buffer; this increase was even more pronounced when the incubation mixtures were thoroughly oxygenated before irradiation. D2O itself was not mutagenic under th present experimental conditions. Addition of DABCO in concentrations of 0.1--10 mM to the irradiation mixtures effectively reduced the number of 8-MOP-induced mutant yields by about 40%. DABCO itself had no effect on cell viability or on spontaneous mutation frequency under our experimental conditions. From these 2 sets of results, and from the preliminary findings that the photomutagenic effect of 8-MOP is higher in the uvrB derivative than in the corresponding excision-repair-proficient parent strain, which is in concordance with previous observations in other E coli strains, it can be concluded that 1O2 generated upon UVA irradiation of 8-MOP solutions is probably responsible for part of the observed genetic effects. PMID- 7022171 TI - The relationship between frameshift mutagenicity and DNA-binding affinity in a series of acridine-substituted derivatives of the experimental antitumour drug 4' (9-acridinylamino)methanesulphonanilide (AMSA). AB - The mutagenicity of DNA-binding affinity of members of a series of acridine substituted derivatives of 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulphonanilide (AMSA) have been compared. The series includes compounds ranging from highly active to inactive in the L1210 murine leukaemia. Binding to DNA was measured by an ethidium displacement technique, with a correction being made for acridine induced quenching of ethidium. Mutagenicity was assessed by measuring the reversion frequencies of the frameshift tester strain Salmonella typhimurium TA1537 in liquid culture. The results indicate that maximum mutagenicity is found in a "window" of DNA-binding affinities between 10(6) and 5 X 10(6) M-1 (determined at 0.01 ionic strength). Compounds with binding affinities below 10(6) M-1 generally lacked both antitumour and mutagenic activity, whereas those with affinities above 5 X 10(6) M-1 were active against L1210 leukaemia but virtually inactive in inducing frameshift mutations. PMID- 7022172 TI - DNA synthesis in UV-irradiated yeast. AB - The amount and quality of DNA synthesized in excision-defective strains of yeast was assayed using alkaline sucrose gradients. It was observed that, in such strains, there was less newly synthesized DNA in irradiated cells and that this material was in smaller pieces than in unirradiated controls. The molecular weight was inversely proportional to dose. The low molecular weight DNA chased into normally high molecular weight material during a post-pulse incubation period. This chase was inhibited by higher doses of UV, by hydroxyurea, and required the function of the RAD18 gene. The RAD6 gene function was necessary to prevent degradation of template DNA in irradiated excision-defective strains. PMID- 7022173 TI - Comparison of petite induction in yeast by acridines, ethidium and their photoaffinity probes. AB - The production of petite mutations by different acridine analogs was studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Compounds with amino substituents at the 2 and 3 positions of the acridine nucleus and methylation at position 10 were effective for petite induction in growing cells but not in resting cells, while those with chloro, nitro and methoxy substituents were not effective in either resting or growing cells. Photosensitive azido derivatives of the acridines were tested to evaluate the role of covalent drug attachment for mutagenesis in resting cells. Photolysis of resting cells with 9-axido, 3-azido-6-amino-, 9-azido-10-methyl-, or 3-azido-6-amino-10-methyl-acridine was highly toxic. 3-Azido-6-amino-acridine, and especially 3-azido-10-methyl-, and 3-azido-6-amino-10-methyl-acridine, were effective petite inducers in resting cells. Thus, the photosensitive (azido) group at position 9 produced only cell killing while the azido group at position 3 and/or 6 led to effective petite induction in resting cells. In contrast, petite induction was observed only for growing cells, for dark control experiments with these compounds or with the monoazide precursor compounds. PMID- 7022175 TI - Amaranth suppresses the mutagenicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene by lowering the concentration of NADPH in top agar. AB - Addition of 1 mg amaranth (FD&C Red No. 2) to the top agar of Salmonella/S9 assay plates decreased the yield of revertants induced by 20 micrograms 2 acetylaminofluorene (AAF) by over 50% and additional amaranth completely eliminated the mutagenic response. Similar suppression of AAF mutagenicity was seen with sulfonazo III, another azo dye. The suppressive effect of amaranth was greatest at low S9 concentrations and decreased as the amount of S9 was increased. When N-hydroxyacetylaminofluorene (N-OH-AAF) was used as mutagen, amaranth had little or no effect on either the number of revertants obtained or the S9 optimum. Similarly, 1-naphthylamine-4-sulfonic acid (a reduction product of amaranth) did not significantly affect the mutagenicity of AAF. The rate of metabolism of [14C]AAF by the S9 preparations was shown to be markedly decreased by amaranth, as were the levels of both the phenolic metabolites and of N-OH-AAF. Thus, it appeared that amaranth acts by blocking the conversion of AAF to N-OH AAF and that this effect is caused by the amaranth itself and not by its constituent amines. Further experiments indicated that amaranth greatly decreased the levels of NADPH formed in reaction mixtures comparable to S0 mix in top agar and that such reaction mixtures also metabolized amaranth to colourless compounds. It appears likely that in top agar, NADPH reacts with amaranth at a fast enough rate to limit severely the level of the reduced co-factor (which must be formed from NADPH+ by the action of endogenous glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and thus decreases the rate of activation of mutagens by other NADPH-dependent processes. PMID- 7022174 TI - Comparison of mutagenic and recombinogenic effects of some adenine analogues in Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7. AB - 2-Aminopurine, 2-amino-N6-hydroxyadenine and N6-hydroxyaminopurine were compared in suspension test with growing and non-growing cells for their mutagenic and recombinogenic (reciprocal and nonreciprocal) activities in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D7. Ethyl methanesulfonate was used as a positive control. No increases above spontaneous frequencies were observed when non-growing cells were treated with the base analogues although EMS induced concentration-dependent responses at all 3 genetic end-points. When growing cells were treated, HAP was recombinogenic and mutagenic and AHA was mutagenic, but only weakly recombinogenic. HAP induced comparable numbers of revertants at much lower concentrations than AHA. 2AP failed to induce any detectable response even at concentrations as high as 2400 microgram/ml. PMID- 7022176 TI - A "spiral test" applied to bacterial mutagenesis assays. AB - A new procedure (the spiral test) has been set up and validated for the distribution of chemicals in bacterial mutagenesis assays. This method involves the use of a special instrument (spiral plater), which dispenses, along a spiral track, decreasing volumes of liquid samples, from the near centre to the periphery of a rotating agar plate. A gradient of concentration of a compound up to about 1500:1 is thus formed on a single plate. The activity of 18 mutagens of various potencies and chemical classes was checked in the Salmonella/microsome test by dispensing their solutions either on the surface of top agar (method A) or of the minimal-glucose agar medium, before the addition of molten top agar incorporating bacteria and eventually S9 mix (method B). Compared with the spot test, the gradient of concentration of a compound produced by the spiral diluter was much wider and more gradual. Even nondiffusible chemicals (e.g. benzo[a]pyrene and benz[a]anthracene) were efficiently detected in the spiral test, as well as very weak (e.g. mebanazine and trimethylphosphate) or borderline (e.g. perylene, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine and procarbazine) mutagens, which were negative in the spot test. Method B was at least as sensitive as the plate incorporation test, such a goal being achieved in a single plate instead of in serial plates. Technical problems made method A less sensitive, but it was more efficient in detecting unstable mutagens (e.g. beta-propiolactone). Like the plate test, the spiral test appeared to be suitable for a semi-quantitative assessment of mutagenicity data, and was efficient in demonstrating both the activation of promutagens and the deactivation of some directly acting mutagens. Preliminary assays were also carried out with repair-proficient (WP2) or deficient (TM1080: lexA-/polA-/R391, and CM871: lexA-/uvrA-/recA-) trp- strains of E. coli. PMID- 7022177 TI - Influence of DNA-repair deficiencies on MMS- and EMS-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The mutagenic effects of the alkylating agents, MMS and EMS, were studied by measuring the reversion of an arg (ochre) mutation in various DNA-repair deficient strains. When compared with the wild-type strain, EMS-induced mutagenesis was reduced in the recA13 strain but not in the lexA3 strain. MMS induced mutagenesis was reduced to background levels in the recA13 strain and reduced to intermediate levels in the lexA3 strain. The umuC36 strain showed intermediate levels of mutagenesis with both mutagens which suggests that a substantial portion of both MMS- and EMS-induced mutagenesis depends upon this component of the error-prone "SOS" repair pathway. The uvrD101, recL152 and recF143 mutations produced increased levels of MMS-induced reversion but had no effect upon the levels of EMS-induced mutagenesis, suggesting that the pathways affected by these genes may play a role in the error-free repair of MMS but not EMS damage. In contrast, a large increase in the level of mutagenesis was noted in a delta uvrB101 mutant with EMS but not MMS. This hypermutability with EMS was also seen in uvrA6, uvrB5 and uvrC34 mutant strains and suggests a role for excision in the error-free repair of ethylation but not methylation damage to DNA. PMID- 7022178 TI - Structure--activity relationships in the mutagenicity of quinone methides of 7 hydroxyflavylium salts for Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Several synthetic 7-hydroxyflavylium salts related to apigeninidin, a natural 3 deoxyanthocyanidin, have been studied in the Ames mutagenicity test using strain TA1537 of Salmonella typhimurium. Under the neutral pH conditions of the test, these flavylium salts are deprotonated through ionization of the C7-OH (pK'a = 4.2-4.4) to form quinone methides. Only the quinone methides of 4-methyl-7 hydroxyflavylium chloride and 4'-methoxy-4-methyl-7-hydroxy-flavylium chloride showed mutagenicity. Responses of 4-8 times the background were observed at the higher doses (1000 micrograms/plate), both with and without metabolic activation. It was concluded that the induction of frameshift mutagenicity by this group of compounds is caused by those quinone methides that have non-ionic, stable polycyclic structures at neutral pH. PMID- 7022179 TI - Rbe of densely ionizing radiation for wild-type and radiosensitive mutants of yeast. AB - Survival curves were obtained for haploid and diploid yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, of wild-type strains and radiosensitive mutants exposed to gamma-rays and alpha-particles. A correlation between the values of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of high-LET radiation and cell-repair capacity was found. The difference in radiosensitivities of the wild-type diploid strain and homozygous rad mutants incapable of recovery was significantly higher after low-LET radiation than after high-LET radiation. Possible reasons for the observed radiation responses to low- and high-LET exposure of yeast cells with various genotype are discussed. PMID- 7022180 TI - Further studies on effects of X-irradiation on prespermatid stages of the Northern vole Microtus oeconomus: low induction of sex-chromosomal nondisjunction and very high induction of diploid spermatids. AB - Microtus males have been irradiated with X-ray doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 rad and early spermatids were then analyzed for evidence of induction of sex chromosomal nondisjunction and diploid spermatids at 1, 4, 6, 7, 9 and 12 days after treatment. In contrast to earlier findings, there was no induction of nondisjunction above control levels. A possible explanation for the differences in results of old and new experiments might be that genetic changes have taken place in the Microtus colony that was initiated with animals trapped in the wild, but which has now become highly inbred. In the present experiment, diploid spermatids were frequently induced. The dose--effect relationships at the different time intervals were linear, but the slopes were different, indicating stage-specific differences in sensitivity. The average doubling dose is of the order of 12 rad with a range of 5-30 rad for the individual time intervals. When diploid spermatozoa in man are also inducible by such low doses of X-rays, the consequence would be an increase of triploid abortions which would constitute an undesirable form of personal or family hardship. PMID- 7022181 TI - Potential for accidental infections resulting from current laboratory practices in mutagenicity testing. PMID- 7022182 TI - Mutagenic activity of diallate and triallate determined by a battery of in vitro mammalian and microbial tests. AB - Diallate and Triallate are carbamate herbicides used mainly for the pre-emergence control of wild oats in various crops. The genetic activity of these compounds was studied using a battery of microbial and mammalian in vitro tests. In the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome assay, Diallate and Triallate show dose-related increases without metabolic activation in strains TA1535, TA100 and TA98, indicating that these compounds cause both frameshift and base-substitution mutations. Mutagenicity of both herbicides was enhanced greatly by incubation with Aroclor 1254 induced rat-liver S9. Genetic activity in mammalian cells was determined using a number of in vitro tests with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells combined with metabolic activation as described above. Both Diallate and Triallate caused dose-related decreases in colony-forming ability, with concomitant dose-related increases in the frequencies of cells with chromosome damage and in the number of sister-chromatid exchanges. However, only Diallate caused a reduction in DNA molecular weight as determined by alkaline sucrose gradient (ASG) sedimentation. DNA damage was negligible even at concentrations of Triallate that reduced colony-forming ability to zero. This suggests that the lesions in DNA detected by the ASG technique are not necessarily related to those that produce chromosomal damage. These data, taken together, strongly implicate both Diallate and Triallate as capable of causing mutations in mammals. However the risk to man in terms of inherited disease or cancer remains to be established by appropriate in vivo methodology. PMID- 7022183 TI - Some effects of bacteria population on quantitation of Ames Salmonella-histidine reversion mutagenesis assays. AB - We show from simple theory that the number of mutants observed in the Ames assay should be approximately proportional to alpha Cn0P where alpha is the mutation rate per concentration of mutagen, C; n0 is the initial inoculum; and P is the average number of bacteria per colony in the background lawn. We tested this theory by carrying out Ames assays for the directly acting mutagen 2 nitrofulorene on TA98 as a function of initial inoculum over the range 10(4) 10(8) bacteria/plate. P was assumed to be proportional to the average volume of the background colonies and was estimated from 100X photomicrographs of the background lawn. The initial inoculum was determined by counting background colonies in the photomicrography, by dilution-plating, and by electronic particle counting. We found that the number of mutants depended weakly on n0, but the dependence could be quantitatively accounted for by the simple theory. These data and the theory explain the least some of the reported variations in quantitation of the Ames assay; show that the slopes of dose response curves depend on n0; explain the range observed for spontaneous revertants; suggest some limitations to quantifying the Ames assay and, within these limits, suggest a method for normalizing independently obtained Ames assay data. PMID- 7022184 TI - Evaluating statistical analyses and reproducibility of microbial mutagenicity assays. AB - The NCI/NTP has completed the first phase of a 4-laboratory study on the reproducibility of testing chemicals for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome assay. This paper is a report of the statistical analysis of some of that data. This analysis involved (1) identifying and removing spurious data; (2) determining the adequacy of the remaining data in making a decision on the mutagenicity of the test chemical; (3) performing the statistical tests; and (4) interpreting the results. Using this procedure, 7 approaches were used to determine the mutagenicity of a test. These approaches were the (1) 2-fold rule, (20 modified 2-fold rule, (3) one-way analysis of variance (homogeneity test), (4) test for linear trend, (5) combination of 3 and 4, (6) 97.5th percentile threshold rule and (7) confidence interval threshold rule. The conclusions drawn by each rule were compared to the microbiologists' interpretation, and the results of these comparisons were presented. In addition, the strengths and weakness of each rule were discussed. The reproducibility of the assay in this study was examined, and a discussion of the significance of these results was presented. PMID- 7022185 TI - Comparison of mutagen accumulation in 3 estuarine species using the salmonella/microsome activation system. AB - 3 Estuarine organisms- oysters (Crassostrea virginica), sea squirts (Mogulla sp.), and shrimp (Peneaus sp.)-were examined for Ames test detectable levels of mutagens. Whole-tissue extracts of these organisms were made and tested using S. Typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538, with and without S9 activation. Positive results were obtained with sea squirts and shrimp extracts. Activation was not necessary to show activity. Toxicity was encountered with oyster extracts. Histidine, a possible source of false positives, was eliminated from shrimp extracts using XAD-2 resin and thick-layer chromatography. PMID- 7022186 TI - Sodium azide mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium and its pH dependence. PMID- 7022187 TI - Analysis of mutagenic activity in cigarette smokers' urine by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Mutagenic activity in smokers' urine which had been concentrated by XAD-2 resin can be separated from approximately 90% of the non-mutagenic material by CH2Cl2 extraction. This extract appears to be stable for 3 months at -20 degrees C. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the CH2Cl2 extract showed multiple mutagenic non-polar fractions which were better activated by rat liver homogenates prepared from 3-methylcholanthrene treated rats than from rats treated with phenobarbital. Mutagenic activity in smokers' urine was extractable by acid, but not by base. The mutagens in smokers' urine appear to be a complex mixture of relatively non-polar chemicals. PMID- 7022188 TI - Apparent activation of 2-acetylaminofluorene and some aromatic amines by cytosolic preparations. AB - The results presented here confirm that 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) can be activated to a mutagen by S105 rat liver post-microsomal fraction. The activity is Aroclor-inducible. It appears partly NADPH-independent, but on repeated centrifugation the NADPH independence is lost though the NADPH-dependent activation is retained. S105 activation is obtained whether the fraction is prepared with 0.15 M KCl or 0.25 M sucrose. Increasing amounts of S105 give increasing activation, with no evidence of an optimum. Activation by S105 is reduced in the presence of excess S9 and is inhibited by norharman. Under the same conditions, S105 produces mutagenic metabolites of 2-aminofluorene and 2 aminoanthracene but not ethidium bromide, dimethylaminoazobenzene or benzo(alpha)pyrene. PMID- 7022189 TI - Mutagenicity of nitro derivatives induced by exposure of aromatic compounds to nitrogen dioxide. AB - Mutagenic nitro derivatives were readily induced when 6 kinds of chemicals were exposed to 10 ppm of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Single nitro derivatives were formed from pyrene, phenanthrene, fluorene or chrysene. Carbazole and fluoranthene each produced 2 derivatives substituted with nitro groups at different positions. The formation of nitro derivatives was enhanced by exposure of pyrene to NO2 containing nitric acid (HNO3, less than 100-fold enhancement) or sulphur dioxide (SO2, less than 15-fold enhancement). After 24 h of exposure the yields of the nitro derivative were 0.02% with 1 ppm of NO2 in air and 2.85% with NO2 (1 ppm) containing traces of HNO3. The nitro derivatives from all but phenanthrene and carbazole were chemically identified by means of gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS), and the mutagenicity of the 4 kinds of authentic nitro derivatives was tested by using Salmonella strains TA98 and TA1538 with or without the S9 fraction from rat liver treated with Aroclor 1254. The nitro derivative induced from pyrene was determined to be 1-nitropyrene; that of chrysene was 6-nitrochrysene; that of fluorene was 2-nitrofluorene; and those of fluoranthene were 3-nitrofluoranthene, and 8-nitrofluoranthene. Tested with strain TA98 in the absence of the S9 fraction, the first 4 of these derivatives yielded, respectively, 3050, 269, 433 and 13 400 revertants per nmole. Thus, each nitro derivative formed was potentially a direct-acting frameshift-type mutagen. Each compound exposed to NO2 showed a decreased mutagenic activity when tested in the presence of S9 mix. A possible explanation comes from experiments in which 1 nitropyrene was incubated with the S9 mix at 37 degree C for 10 min, and 1 aminopyrene was formed. The mutagenic activity of 1-aminopyrene was appreciable, but only about one-tenth of that of 1-nitropyrene in the Ames test. PMID- 7022190 TI - The genetic toxicology of aldrin and dieldrin. PMID- 7022192 TI - The extraordinary mutagenicity of nitropyrenes in bacteria. AB - Nitropyrenes cause frameshift mutations in Salmonella typhimurium. This activity which is restricted to frameshift mutations is unusual in several respects: (a) Nitropyrenes, as a class, are the most mutagenic chemicals reported in the literature; (b) The mutagenicity depends upon the formation of adducts between DNA and nitropyrene metabolites; (c) The penultimate intermediates responsible for mutagenic activity (hydroxylamines) are not obtained in all instances by reduction of the nitro function by the "classical" nitroreductase (the one that acts on nitrofurans and other simple nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) but by another nitroreductase which appears to be specific for higher nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; (d) The mutagenicity of nitropyrenes is enhanced when resting rather than growing bacterial cultures are used. PMID- 7022191 TI - The use of Chinese hamster ovary cells to quantify specific locus mutation and to determine mutagenicity of chemicals. A report of the gene-tox program. PMID- 7022193 TI - Mutagenicity studies with o-tolidine and 4,4'-tetramethyldiaminodiphenylmethane. AB - This paper confirms the mutagenicity of 2 carcinogenic chemicals, o-tolidine and 4,4'-tetramethyldiaminodiphenylmethane (TDDM). o-Tolidine and TDDM were both tested in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome test and in the sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) test with rabbit lymphocytes in vitro. The number of revertants was increased in the presence of S9 mix by o-tolidine in the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA1538, and by TDDM in strains TA98 and TA100. Both compounds showed weak SCE-inducing activity in cultured rabbit lymphocytes in the absence, but not in the presence, of an exogenous metabolic system. PMID- 7022194 TI - Negative response of PR toxin in the Salmonella typhimurium/microsome test and sister-chromatid exchange assay. PMID- 7022195 TI - Nitrosamine-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli K12 (343/113). 1. Mutagenic properties of certain aliphatic nitrosamines. AB - The Escherichia coli K12 (343/113) test system developed by G. Mohn was used to detect the mutagenic activity induced by a group of aliphatic nitrosamines. Metabolic activation was incorporated into the assay by the addition of liver homogenates induced in either Sprague-Dawley rats or C3H mice with the addition of 0.1% phenobarbital to the drinking water. Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) was mutagenic upon metabolic activation and exhibited a preference to revert the missense mutation at the arginine locus. NDEA was also capable of inducing the forward mutation, selected as an ability to utilize galactose. NDEA was converted effectively into a mutagen in a time period of 30 min to 2 h. Metabolic activation with the mouse and rat liver preparations did not result in quantitative differences. Aliphatic nitrosamines that gave unexpected results with the Salmonella assay [4-10] were examined in the E. coli system. Nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA) and nitrosodiallylamine (NDAA) were mutagenic in both E. coli and Salmonella. Nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA) was not mutagenic in Salmonella but was mutagenic in E. coli, and a strong carcinogen, nitrosomethylneopentylamine (NMNA), was not mutagenic in either assay. These results indicate the use of multiple genetic assays for the detection of genotoxic chemicals in our environment. PMID- 7022196 TI - Mutagenicity of n-nitrosodiethanolamine and its acetyl derivatives. AB - The mutagenicity of N-nitrosodiethanolamine and its mono- and di-acetyl derivatives was tested in the S. typhimurium test system, in cytogenetic studies and in the micronucleus test. N-nitrosodiethanolamine had no mutagenic effects towards several strains of S. typhimurium either in the absence or in the presence of metabolic activating systems. Its diacetyl derivative exerted mutagenic effects towards the S. typhimurium strains TA1530 and TA100. Neither compound increased significantly the nubmer of chromosomal aberrations or of micronuclei in mice. PMID- 7022197 TI - Genetic activity of actinomycin D in Saccharomyces cerevisiae but not in Escherichia coli. AB - The potential of actinomycin D for induction of forward mutation (ADE-), reversion (TRP+), gene conversion, and mitotic recombination, was examined using haploid and diploid strains of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. No increase in forward or reverse mutations or gene conversion was detected, but actinomycin D induced up to 13-fold increases in mitotic recombinants and a 2-fold increase in numbers of aberrant colonies, in a non-selective assay for genetic activity. Actinomycin D was non-mutagenic in a fluctuation test using Escherichia coli strain WP2 UvrA-. This furnishes an example of a mutagen which is negative in bacteria but has genetic activity in yeast, emphasizing the need for using a battery of microbial tests for determining the genetic activity of any given chemical. PMID- 7022198 TI - Mutagenicity of free-radical spin-trapping compounds. PMID- 7022199 TI - Evaluation of the genotoxicity of some natural food colours using bacterial assays. AB - The genotoxicity of 5 natural food colours currently permitted within the European Economic Community has been studied. Ability to induce DNA damage was investigated by the use of a recently-developed E. coli rec assay. The induction of reverse mutations in E.coli WP2 trp uvrA and S.typhimurium TA1538 his rfa uvrB was detected in fluctuation assays. Both types of assays were conducted with and without metabolic activation using caecal extracts and liver microsomes from rats. Results obtained in these systems suggest that none of the colourings screened induced detectable genotoxicity. PMID- 7022200 TI - Formation of mutagens by pepper-nitrite reaction. PMID- 7022201 TI - Resistance to nitrofurantoin conferred by the drug-resistance factor R46. PMID- 7022202 TI - Chloroacetones: mutagenic constituents of bleached kraft chlorination effluent. PMID- 7022203 TI - Mutagenic assay of aromatic nitro compounds with Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7022204 TI - Interrelationships between the effects of the plasmids R205 and R144 on spontaneous and induced mutation yields in Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7022205 TI - Rat hepatic vinyl chloride metabolites induce gene conversion in the yeast strain D7RAD in vitro and in vivo. AB - We have tested the genetic activity of gaseous vinyl chloride in vitro and in vivo using the gene-conversion system (trp5-12/trp5-27 leads to TRP+) in the yeast strain D7RAD. To induce, in vitro, TRP+ convertants with 2.5% gaseous vinyl chloride, a rat-liver microsomal system for metabolic activation of the vinyl chloride and dividing yeast cells are required. Neither a deficiency in excision repair (rad3) nor in the error-prone repair pathway (rad6) increased the vinyl chloride-induced conversion frequencies compared with the repair-competent D7RAD strain. When logarithmically growing cells of the D7RAD strain were injected intravenously into male Wistar rats which inhaled 1% vinyl chloride in air for 24 h, a significant enhancement of the TRP+ conversion frequencies was found compared with that in cells re-isolated from untreated rats. These results indicate that vinyl chloride metabolites from the metabolizing hepatocytes diffuse into yeast cells, which accumulate in the liver capillaries. This supports the hypothesis that the endothelial cells of the liver sinuses, which have hardly any metabolic activity, but give rise to vinyl-chloride-induced hemangiotheliomas (rare type of liver tumor), are transformed by diffusible metabolites of the procarcinogen vinyl chloride. PMID- 7022206 TI - A modification of the Ames test procedure: accelerated growth of the His+ revertants. PMID- 7022207 TI - Acrosomal proteolytic assay for detection of mutagens in mammals. PMID- 7022208 TI - Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease (first of two parts). PMID- 7022209 TI - Pseudobacteremia caused by povidone-iodine solution contaminated with Pseudomonas cepacia. PMID- 7022210 TI - New syndromes and modern genetics. PMID- 7022211 TI - Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease (second of two parts). PMID- 7022212 TI - Doctors afield. Martin Delany, Thomas Hodgkin, and the Black Nationalist movement. PMID- 7022213 TI - Airway response to water inhalation: a new test for "bronchial reactivity". PMID- 7022214 TI - The role of maintenance therapy in disseminated testicular cancer. AB - We concluded a prospective study of the value of maintenance therapy in disseminated testicular cancer after chemotherapy-induced complete remission or chemotherapy cytoreduction followed by surgical resection of residual teratoma. A group of 171 patients were randomized to treatment consisting of cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin, or these drugs plus doxorubicin. There was no apparent difference between these two induction regimens. Complete remission was achieved in 113 patients (66 per cent), and 19 (11 per cent) were free of disease by surgical resection of residual tumor. Of the 171 who started, 113 were eligible to receive either maintenance doses of vinblastine (58 patients) or no further therapy (55 patients) after remission-induction therapy. There was a 9 per cent relapse rate during maintenance with vinblastine and a 7 per cent relapse rate with no maintenance therapy; the overall relapse rate was 8 per cent (nine of 113). Our data indicate that maintenance therapy is unnecessary in disseminated testicular cancer. PMID- 7022215 TI - Burkitt's lymphoma. PMID- 7022216 TI - Current concepts in psychiatry. Conversion symptoms. PMID- 7022217 TI - Sounding board. Compensation and cancer research. PMID- 7022219 TI - Paris for two. PMID- 7022218 TI - The role of regional body temperature in the pathogenesis of disease. PMID- 7022220 TI - What lies behind a name? (Sir Thomas Spencer Wells 1818-1897). PMID- 7022221 TI - Inability of tolerant males to sire tolerant progeny. PMID- 7022222 TI - Enzymatic synthesis of deshexapeptide insulin. PMID- 7022223 TI - Reversal of transplantation immunity by liver grafting. PMID- 7022224 TI - Medicines then and now. PMID- 7022226 TI - Men, bishops and apes. PMID- 7022225 TI - Zoological ideas 1831-1981. PMID- 7022227 TI - Evidence for association of glycosphingolipid with a colchicine-sensitive microtubule-like cytoskeletal structure of cultured cells. PMID- 7022228 TI - Expression of Ia antigen on epidermal keratinocytes in graft-versus-host disease. PMID- 7022229 TI - Graft-versus-host disease induces expression of Ia antigen in rat epidermal cells and gut epithelium. PMID- 7022230 TI - Spontaneous intestinal constipation of the Japanese field vole (Microtus montebelli) in a laboratory colony. PMID- 7022231 TI - [The medical periodical in the Netherlands East Indies (1844-1864)]. PMID- 7022232 TI - [The "Kweekschool der Vroedkunde" (Teaching College of Midwifery), the first obstetrical periodical?]. PMID- 7022233 TI - [Use of fluoride preparations]. PMID- 7022234 TI - [Jan Swammerdam (1637-1680-1980), his Cartesianism and the physiology of the masticatory system (I)]. PMID- 7022236 TI - The George E. Schreiner Festschrift. An experimental and clinical overview of kidneys in health and disease. PMID- 7022235 TI - Clinical course of patients with scleroderma renal crisis treated with captopril. AB - Since it has been suggested that the renin-angiotensin axis may play an important role in the severe hypertension and in the acute renal deterioration in scleroderma, we sought to determine the effectiveness of angiotensin blockade in the treatment of this disorder. Captopril controlled blood pressure successfully and easily in 4 consecutive patients with scleroderma renal crisis. Mean serum creatinine was 3.5 mg/dl after scleroderma renal crisis immediately prior to captopril. The first patient required maintenance hemodialysis because of progression to advanced renal failure before captopril was available. However, in this patient oliguric renal failure was changed to nonoliguric renal failure immediately after beginning therapy. Serum creatine stabilized in the other 3 patients. Serum creatinine peaked at 4.7 mg/dl, but then progressively improved to 3.5 mg/dl 12 weeks after captopril was begun. None of the other 3 patients required any form of dialysis during the scleroderma renal crises. Mean survival of these 4 patients was significantly greater than that of the 9 previous patients with scleroderma crisis. These observations confirm that angiotensin blockade with captopril is effective therapy to prevent renal deterioration, to control blood pressure and prolong survival in scleroderma patients with renal crisis. PMID- 7022237 TI - Therapeutic trials in lupus nephritis. Problems related to renal histology, monitoring of therapy and measures of outcome. AB - Approaches to treatment of lupus nephritis have been complicated by controversies in the definitions of the types of renal histology, the relevance of immunological and renal monitoring techniques as therapeutic guidelines, and lack of definitive clinical trials. It is suggested that demonstration of the efficacy of various therapeutic agents in clinical trials may be identified earlier by renal histological changes and/or assessment of drug toxicity compared to the time required for differences based on renal functional changes to emerge as ultimate measures of outcome. PMID- 7022238 TI - Bartter's syndrome - a dilemma of cause and effect. AB - Six interrelated abnormalities of Bartter's syndrome are analyzed-juxtaglomerular hyperplasia, angiotensin resistance, altered kallikrein-kinin system, hyperprostaglandinuria, hypokalemia, and chloride-losing nephropathy. Arguments are advanced that any one of these could be the proximate cause and result in all the others. By the same token, each abnormality could be a consequence of any of the others and, furthermore, modulate the others by negative or positive feedback. Despite many recent insights, available data do not permit a definitive conclusion as to the locus of the primary abnormality. Rather, the syndrome presents as a remarkable biological counterpart to an electronic integrated circuit. The altered physiology of Bartter's syndrome is reviewed and the pathogenesis of the syndrome analyzed in the light of recent literature. PMID- 7022239 TI - Renal transplantation in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - 3 patients with chronic renal failure due to lupus nephritis received kidney allografts from cadaver donors. Serological activity was present in 2 patients at the time of transplantation, and continued unabated despite intensive immunosuppressive therapy. Their allograft failed at 5 and 7 months after transplantation. Anti-DNA antibody in the allograft was found in 1 patient. The 3rd patient, with no serological activity at the time of transplantation, remained serologically negative, and her allograft functioned for 18 months. The persistence of serological activity in 1 patient, and the recovery of anti-DNA antibody from her allograft provide proof for the recurrence of lupus nephritis in the allograft. PMID- 7022240 TI - Renal hemodynamics in experimental acute renal failure. AB - Results from many laboratories, including our own, support the following view of the status of renal blood flow (RBF) in acute renal failure (ARF). During the initiation phase of virtually all forms of experimental ARF, RBF appears to be substantially decreased. The mechanisms for the decrease in RBF vary depending on the model employed. However, we have shown that changes in cardiac output are involved in both HgCl2 and glycerol models of ARF. The degree to which the decreased RBF contributes to the impaired glomerular filtration rate (GFR) characterizing the initial phase of ARF also depends on the particular model that is studied. In terms of the maintenance phase of ARF, out studies show that total RBF is essentially normal in both glycerol and HgCl2 models of ARF. A general consensus exists that RBF is not related to the decreased GFR in the maintenance phase of ARF, regardless of the model of ARF employed. Results from this laboratory suggest, however, that a hemodynamic mechanism may still contribute to the decreased filtration in ARF despite the dissociation between total RBF and GFR. This mechanism may involve an increase in preglomerular resistance, either alone or in association with a decrease in postglomerular resistance. An extensive amount of research has been performed on the renal circulation in ARF over the past two decades. It appears that this research has basically confirmed Ole Munck's impression of the role of renal blood flow in the pathophysiology of ARF. PMID- 7022241 TI - Current concepts in peritoneal dialysis. AB - Peritoneal dialysis has been increasingly employed to treat patients with end stage renal failure. Solute transport can be enhanced by increasing ultrafiltration with hypertonic dialysate, infusing intraperitoneal vasodilators to increase the effective surface area for exchange, and by employing new methods of dialysate delivery which may improve dialysate mixing and decrease the effective membrane resistance to solute flux. While infection remains a major complication of peritoneal dialysis, techniques to prevent and treat infections have been effectively employed. Progress has also been made in the treatment of diabetic patients with peritoneal dialysis. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, a relatively new technique with fast growing clinical application, may be the therapy of choice for many patients with end-stage renal failure. PMID- 7022242 TI - Hepatitis B and the dialysis and renal transplantation unit. AB - Different facets of hepatitis B infections are encountered in a renal unit. The viral antigens are implicated in the pathogenesis of some cases of glomerulonephritis. Hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigenaemia frequently persists in dialysis patients who contract the virus and presents a significant health hazard to the attendant staff. Persistent HBs antigenaemia does not jeopardise renal allograft survival. The effect of anti-HBs antibodies is not clear. Transplantation can reactivate latent hepatitis B infections and render patients HBs antigen (HBsAg)-positive. Hepatic malignancies have been observed and increased patient mortality reported in HBsAg-positive renal allograft recipients. The effect of immunosuppression and maternal viral infection on the fetus is open to speculation. PMID- 7022243 TI - Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity and its predictability. AB - Nephrotoxicity was evaluated in 37 patients receiving aminoglycosides by serial urinary measurements of the low-molecular weight protein beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) and the proximal tubular enzymes N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and beta glucuronidase. Clinical nephrotoxicity, with a rise in serum creatinine greater than 20% of the baseline value, was diagnosed in 15 of 30 evaluable patients. The laboratory diagnosis of nephrotoxicity, defined as a two-fold increase in beta 2m, N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase, was confirmed in 11/15 patients. Additionally, there were 3 patients in whom there was definitive laboratory nephrotoxicity in the absence of a rise in serum creatinine. The laboratory diagnosis of nephrotoxicity could be made 4.1--5.5 days prior to significant elevation in serum creatinine. The data suggest that beta 2m and enzyme studies are predictors of nephrotoxicity. PMID- 7022244 TI - The role of splenectomy in cadaveric renal transplantation. AB - We analyzed 50 consecutive cadaver renal transplants to ascertain what benefit, if any, accrued from pretransplantation splenectomy. Because antithymocyte globulin was administered in a random fashion to some patients, its effects were also analyzed. Recipient modification with either modality enhanced graft survival in first transplants when compared to no modification (splenectomy versus no modification 62 versus 27%, p = 0.06; ATG versus modification 75 versus 27%, p = 0.01). The collective experience with splenectomy, its rationale, and its complications are discussed. PMID- 7022245 TI - Lack of evidence for a role of renal tubular antigen in human membranous glomerulonephritis. AB - Renal tissue from 71 patients with membranous glomerulonephritis was studied for the presence of renal tubular antigens in glomerular deposits by indirect immunofluorescence, using a rabbit antiserum prepared against a human renal tubular antigen, Fx1A. The rabbit antiserum was reactive with antigens normally present in the brush border regions of proximal tubules of human and rat kidneys and in the glomerular deposits of rats with Heymann nephritis. However, renal tubular antigens were not detectable in any of the cases of human membranous glomerulonephritis, either before or after partial elution of immunoglobulins from glomeruli. Eluates of renal tissue from 5 of the patients and sera from 6 patients did not contain antibodies against renal tubular antigens demonstrable by immunofluorescence. These findings fail to provide evidence for a role of renal tubular antigens in human membranous glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7022246 TI - Femoral neuropathy: a complication of renal transplantation. AB - Femoral neuropathy occurred in 3 patients after renal transplantation. This appeared to be due to compression of the femoral nerve by medial and inferior blades of the self-retaining retractors used during renal transplantation surgery. The condition resulted in weakness of quadriceps muscles, loss of patellar reflex, and sensory deficit on the side of transplantation surgery. The rate of recovery from neurologic deficits appeared to depend on the level of transplant renal function. PMID- 7022247 TI - [Positron emission tomography - a new method of studying of cerebrovascular circulation and brain metabolism in vivo]. PMID- 7022248 TI - [Computer tomography in epilepsy]. PMID- 7022249 TI - [Prostaglandins: their effect on cerebral blood vessels and role in the pathogenesis of migraine]. PMID- 7022250 TI - [Antibiotics, particularly relating to treatment of purulent meningitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022251 TI - [Alfonso Asenjo Gomez (17 June 1906-19 May 1980) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022252 TI - Attenuation of morphine's depression of serum luteinizing hormone by lesions in the amygdala. AB - The administration of morphine or opioid peptides produces alterations in the neuroendocrine regulation of anterior pituitary hormone secretion, including the depression of serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH). Central nervous system sites mediating the opioid-induced depression of serum levels of LH are not well understood. Discrete bilateral electrolytic lesions of amygdaloid nuclei or the periaqueductal central gray (PAG) were employed to investigate the role of these extrahypothalamic regions in the morphine-induced depression of serum levels of LH in the male rat. Lesions of the cortical amygdaloid nucleus, but not the medical, central or basolateral nuclei, significantly attenuated the depression of serum levels of LH 60 min following the acute administration of morphine (7.5 mg/kg). These results were independently replicated in different 10- and 22-day postlesion studies. Bilateral lesions of the medial region of the PAG, which did not encroach upon the dorsal raphe nucleus, elevated basal levels of serum LH. While morphine-treated subjects with bilateral lesions of the PGH exhibited significantly elevated serum levels of LH compared to sham lesion control subjects, no attenuation of the morphine-induced depression of serum levels of LH was observed 21 days following lesions of the PAG. These results indicate that the cortical nucleus of the amygdala, but not other amygdaloid nuclei or the PAG, is an extrahypothalamic site involved in the mediation of narcotic-induced changes in gonadotropin secretion in the male rat. PMID- 7022253 TI - Cardiopulmonary monitoring during graded cervical internal carotid artery occlusion: physiological results and therapeutic implications. PMID- 7022254 TI - Basis of segmental motor control: motoneuron size or motor unit type? AB - The principles of organization of motor control at the segmental level are developed and discussed in this review. Consideration is given to the concepts of the motor unit, and the motoneuron pool. Recent studies from our laboratories that have significance for hypotheses regarding segmental motor control are presented. These studies indicate that the critical factor controlling motor unit recruitment in heterogenous muscles is motor unit type. This results in motor unit recruitment in the order of increasing contraction strength and fatigability: slow twitch, fatigue-resistant first; fast twitch, fatigue resistant second; fast twitch with intermediate fatigue resistance third; and fast twitch, fatigable units last. A recruitment model that incorporates this hypothesis is presented in which there is an orderly recruitment of motor units by type. This recruitment model, based on data from cat medial gastrocnemius motor units, closely approximates a theoretical optimal recruitment strategy and is consistent with actual medial gastrocnemius muscle forces generated during free movements in intact animals. PMID- 7022255 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Hungary. PMID- 7022256 TI - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography: application to cerebrovascular surgery. AB - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was used to evaluate the extracranial and/or intracranial arteries of 87 patients with suspected cerebrovascular disorders. The examinations were performed on either an inpatient or an outpatient basis. Renografin-76 was injected into an arm vein through an angiocatheter. Extracranial examinations accurately demonstrated major artery disease such as carotid artery occlusion, stenosis, and ulceration. Intracranial examinations demonstrated an aneurysm in 9 of 10 patients and an arteriovenous malformation in 5 patients. The technique was useful in assessing the results of cerebrovascular procedures such as carotid endarterectomy, superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass, and the obliteration of vascular anomalies. DSA also excluded the presence of an intrasellar aneurysm and showed the location of the intracranial arteries before trans-sphenoidal surgery. The findings of the DSA examinations correlated closely with the findings of conventional angiography. PMID- 7022257 TI - Acetylcholine receptor antibodies in infants of mothers with myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7022258 TI - Amantadine and guanidine are ineffective in ALS. PMID- 7022259 TI - Lisuride in Parkinson disease: efficacy of lisuride compared to levodopa. AB - Lisuride hydrogen maleate, a semisynthetic ergoline and potent central dopamine and serotonin agonist, was tested in 10 patients with moderate to marked Parkinson disease whose response to levodopa had diminished. In the group of 10 patients, there was a significant reduction (p less than or equal to 0.05) in bradykinesia, gait disorder, and total Parkinson disease disability score when levodopa was replaced with lisuride. The mean dose of lisuride was 3.6 mg per day. Among the 10 patients, 5 were better on lisuride than on levodopa, and 4 continue on lisuride 1 year later. A decline in efficacy was noted in all four after a mean of 45 months. Adverse effects necessitating discontinuing the drug were mental changes in three patients and nausea in one patient. Lisuride, when used alone, has definite antiparkinsonian activity and is a promising new drug. PMID- 7022260 TI - Sural nerve myelin thickness and axis cylinder caliber in human diabetes. PMID- 7022261 TI - Syncope problem solved by continuous ambulatory simultaneous EEG/ECG recording. AB - In a case of repeated syncope of abrupt onset and questionable origin, we utilized the continuous ambulatory cassette recorder to document simultaneous electroencephalography/electrocardiography (EEG/ECG) changes. Recording during a spontaneous episode established the cardiogenic origin. Problems in differential diagnosis of syncope and seizure are discussed. With this new instrument, if the initial event in ECG abnormality (as in the present case), further cardiologic study is indicated. If epileptiform EEG activity is primary, neurologic investigation is the direction to pursue; if there is nonepileptiform EEG slowing without ECG abnormality, diagnosis of syncope of noncardiac origin (e.g., hypotension, hypoglycemia) should be considered. PMID- 7022262 TI - Speech disturbances following stereotaxic surgery in ventrolateral thalamus. AB - Patients operated on stereotactically in the ventrolateral thalamic structures show after stimulation or following the operation some disturbances which apparently interfere with cerebral speech mechanisms, i.e. speech arrest, word iterations or recurring utterances, lack of initiative to speak, hypoprosodia, change of the speed of enunciation. These phenomena rather concern motor processes, the initiation of speech, the maintenance and control of speech, fluency and volume. They may occur after lesions or stimulations in any of both hemispheres, however, there is a clear preponderance after lesions or stimulations on the left side. Dysphasic disturbances were observed only as transient phenomena. One can conclude that in this case thalamotomy influences the function of the dominant cortical regions for language rather than subcortical structures concerned with speech function. Differences in verbally expressed cognition between subjects with left-sided and right-sided ventrolateral thalamotomy can be observed, not only in the immediate post operative period, but also after a much longer interval. PMID- 7022263 TI - Clinical interpretation of difference in motor facial innervation before, during and after stereotactic brain operations. AB - Stereotactic brain operations performed in the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus area and in the subthalamus can produce very difference effects upon motor facial innervation depending on the voluntary motricity and the degree of tonicity and emotion or combination of the two. PMID- 7022264 TI - [Primary lymphomas of the stomach]. AB - Gastric lymphomas are still diseases for which no clear picture is available, owing to their anatomical, pathological, clinical, radiological, and endoscopic polymorphism. Reference is made to 28 cases observed over about 20 years in a discussion of the clinical diagnosis and treatment of these neoplasias. The results are compared with those obtained in cases of gastric carcinoma, which has a markedly poorer prognosis. PMID- 7022265 TI - [Stomach polyps. Clinical and therapeutic considerations]. AB - The main clinical and therapeutic problems of gastric polyps are examined on the basis of 7 personal cases and the literature on the subject. 5 of the cases were adenomatous polyps proper, one of them in malignant degeneration and associated with polyposis of the large intestine. In 2 other cases, the histopathological picture revealed Peutz-Jeghers type hamartomatosis polyps confined to the gastric region without the typical cutaneo-mucous stigmata or familial character. Classification of polyps must allow not only for aetiopathogenetic or clinical criteria but for histopathological and histogenetic criteria also. A clear-cut distinction must be made between adenomatous polyps, of definite malignant potential, and pseudoneoplastic polypoid lesions that are essentially benign. The main diagnostic techniques available to handle a symptomatology that is often oligosymptomatic and aspecific, or associated with complications (such as ulcers, haemorrhage, stenosis or, not least, malignant transformation) are reviewed and stress laid on the importance of endoscopy prior to histopathological study which is of value only if carried out on a totally removed polypous lesion. The guidelines for indicating and selecting the radial surgical technique are presented. PMID- 7022266 TI - [Blood folates in chronic uremic patients in dialysis treatment]. AB - The authors, after having reviewed folic acid and folates chemical and biochemical characteristics and their absorption and excretion modalities, determine serum folate levels by radioassay method on 30 patients with renal failure in chronic dialysis and on 24 normal controls. Low serum folate levels concerned 14 uremic patients (46.6% of th cases): 10 in hemodialysis and 4 in peritoneal dialysis. The mean serum folate values was 3.31 ng/ml (+/- 1.93) for the uremic patients' group and 4.29 ng/ml (+/- 1.21) for the control group. The difference between the mean level of these groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). No significant difference was observed among the mean serum folate levels of the uremic patients in peritoneal dialysis and of those in hemodialysis. Significantly low serum folate levels were finally found for the uremic HBsAg-positive patients, but in the same subjects the dialytic treatment period had been very prolonged. The authors conclude emphasizing the usefulness of folic acid treatment in uremic patients on dialysis, also without having an evident hematologic picture of megaloblastic anemia. PMID- 7022267 TI - [Alchemy and medicine in the novel "La Rotisserie de la Reine Pedoque" by Anatole France]. PMID- 7022268 TI - [Longevity: statement of a theme]. PMID- 7022269 TI - Evidence that the arginine esteropeptidase (gamma) subunit of nerve growth factor can activate inactive renin. AB - The beta and gamma subunits of nerve growth factor were isolated and tested for inactive-renin-activating activity using human amniotic fluid as a convenient source of inactive renin. Only the gamma subunit, which is an arginine esteropeptidase, could activate inactive renin. The role of this enzyme in sites containing both it and inactive renin warrants investigation. PMID- 7022270 TI - Continuing education requirements: not as complicated as they seem. PMID- 7022271 TI - Speculations on the mechanism of action of hallucinogenic indolealkylamines. AB - In this review we attempt to develop a fluid theoretical model which is being used as a strategy-base for future experimentation. The first two sections (A and B) describe how we have conducted our research, and present the perspective value of each. This is important because the research strategies developed in these laboratories over the last 5 years combine in vitro and in vivo pharmacological techniques as a means of understanding mechanisms of drug action. Sections C and D attempt to describe how we interpret our data and how we have utilized these data to formulate hypotheses concerning drug mechanisms. The last section of this review sets forth our own ideas on how we believe hallucinogenic agents produce their effects and presents some original data, which we feel, allows us to develop the overall hypotheses presented. PMID- 7022272 TI - Animal models and human depressive disorders. AB - Clinical depressive disorders are complex in presentation, dissimilar in origins and course, and often pleomorphic in character. An adequate understanding of their origins, biological substrates, and amenability to established and novel forms of therapy demands biological and social interventions which cannot always readily or ethically be carried out in a clinical setting. One useful complementary approach to clinical research utilizes preclinical models for laboratory investigations in parallel. The present paper reviews current approaches to modelling depression using animals, with particular emphasis upon phylogenetic constraints, systematic validity and reliability, and nosological limitations. Preclinical models are useful and necessary adjuncts for adequately understanding depression in humans. However, their utility remains a direct function of a continuing dialogue between clinical and laboratory research, and demands scrupulous observation and methodological rigor on the part of both clinicians and experimental researchers. PMID- 7022273 TI - Cryptococcal meningitis; significance of positive antigen test on undiluted spinal fluid. PMID- 7022274 TI - Isaac Bashevis Singer; medicinal fiction. PMID- 7022275 TI - Sustained release metoprolol: a comparison with conventional formulation in the treatment of hypertension. AB - Thirty patients with essential hypertension (WHO Stage I or II) completed a double blind crossover trial in which they received metoprolol as monotherapy as either a slow release formulation of 200 mg once daily or a conventional formulation of 100 mg bd. Duration of treatment was six weeks on each preparation, given in randomised order. Mean values of resting blood pressure and heart rate, measured 22 to 24 hours after the daily dose of the SR formulation or 12-14 hours after the second dose of the conventional form were significantly lower than pretreatment levels. The two treatments were equally effective and equally well tolerated. PMID- 7022276 TI - Fabrication of provisional crowns and fixed partial dentures utilizing a "shell" technique. PMID- 7022277 TI - Dr. Irving M. Sheppard-a remarkable man. PMID- 7022278 TI - Skin grafts for denture construction on cancer patients after surgery. PMID- 7022279 TI - Estrogen replacement therapy. AB - The use of estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women is under close scrutiny. The indications and side effects of replacement therapy are reviewed, and recommendations regarding its use are made. Hot flashes, atrophy of the vaginal epithelium, and prevention of osteoporosis have been established as indications for estrogen replacement therapy. Prevention of cardiovascular disease, aging changes of skin, and the occurrence of mental illness have also been suggested as indications, but beneficial effects of estrogen replacement therapy for these problems have not been clearly established. Studies have shown that side effects of estrogen replacement therapy include endometrial cancer, hypertension, gallbladder disease, and angina pectoris. Breast cancer may also be a risk factor, but a consensus of opinion has not been established. Pulmonary embolism, cerebral vascular accident, or myocardial infarction has not been associated with estrogen replacement therapy. The use of progesterone with estrogen replacement therapy has been shown to reduce the occurrence rate of endometrial carcinoma, but it does not prevent all the actions of estrogen. Oral administration of estrogen is the preferred route despite misgivings about portal absorption and liver metabolism. Further studies must examine this question. Various agents have been shown to be effective in treating some climacteric symptoms. These include progesterone for hot flashes and calcium for the prevention of osteoporosis. Other agents may also be effective but have not been tested critically. PMID- 7022280 TI - Evaluation of the small third-trimester fetus using the foam stability index test. AB - The diagnostic effectiveness of the lecithin:sphingomyelin (L:S) ratio was compared with that of the quantitative amniotic fluid foam stability index (FSI) test in the prenatal evaluation of pregnancies associated with fetuses appropriately grown for gestational age (AGA) and with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). In 27 such pregnancies, both the L:S ratio assay and the FSI test were performed on amniotic fluid specimens collected within 72 hours of delivery. Of the 27 low birth weight (LBW) neonates studied, 15 were small for gestational age (SGA) but did not have idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), whereas of 12 AGA neonates, 9 had IRDS. The 15 IUGR cases were characterized by FSI values varying from 0.47 to 0.55, whereas the 12 AGA cases had values varying from 0.42 to 0.48. Thus, the FSI showed excellent differentiation between these 2 entities. The L:S ratio ranged from 1.1 to 3.4 in cases associated with IUGR and from 1.0 to 2.4 in AGA cases, showing a high degree of overlap. The combination of an L:S ratio of less than 1.5 and an FSI value of less than 0.47 consistently identified the fetus who would have IRDS. PMID- 7022281 TI - Intraepithelial carcinoma of the vulva with extension to the anal canal. AB - Ten patients with intraepithelial carcinoma of the vulva that extended to the anus were studied. The patients were seen and treated over a 3-year period, from January 1976 through December 1978. During the 10-year period before 1976 the authors had encountered no patients with this problem. Treatment consisted predominantly of a skinning vulvectomy with split-thickness skin graft and excision of the anal disease. Failure to recognize the extension to the anus will result in persistent disease following surgical therapy. PMID- 7022282 TI - Urinary incontinence. PMID- 7022283 TI - Antepartum diagnosis and intrapartum management of lethal renal defects. AB - Bilateral renal agenesis (Potter syndrome) in the neonate is incompatible with life. Unfortunately, these infants are often delivered by cesarean section, as premature labor and breech presentation are commonly associated with the condition. In reviewing the obstetric course of 6 women who recently delivered such babies, the authors have found that antepartum diagnosis is possible in most cases. specifically, vaginal delivery should be strongly considered for patients in premature labor with intact membranes and breech presentation when there is ultrasound evidence of an abnormally shaped fetal head, absence of the fetal bladder, and severe oligohydramnios. PMID- 7022284 TI - [Results of treatment of adult acute leukemias: critical analysis in an unselected group of patients]. AB - 58 adult patients with acute leukemia were analyzed in respect to the rate of first remission induction, remission duration, survival, and treatment of relapse. A selection of subgroups has been avoided to reflect clinical reality. Although our results of remission induction were slightly under those reported from other groups, the duration of remission and survival was favorably comparable. The prognostic value of LDH and systemic infection on admission for the outcome of the disease has been evaluated. Selective decontamination of the G.I.-tract reduced the rate of life-threatening infections and increased the rate of complete remissions significantly. LDH was of no importance in predicting the likelihood of achieving complete remission or duration of complete remission. PMID- 7022285 TI - [Tumor histology and steroid receptors in breast carcinoma]. AB - In Specimens of 115 patients with breast cancer 4 tumorparameters (tumorsize, tumorboder, nucleargrade, lymphocytic stromal reaction) 3 features of regional lymphnodes (sinushistiocytosis, T-cellreaction, lymphnode metastases) and estrogen and progesteron receptors were determined. A strong sinushistiocytosis and T-cellreaction could be verified mainly in metastases in free lymphnodes. The steroid receptor content does not correlate with histological parameters. PMID- 7022286 TI - [Randomized phase II study with VP-16-213 (etoposide) in the treatment of advanced breast cancer]. AB - Thirty patients with an advanced and previously heavily pretreated breast cancer were treated in a randomized phase II trial with the new podophyllotoxinderivative VP-16-213. The therapeutic result can be assessed in 28 cases. Half of these patients received the cytotoxic drug orally 150 mg/m2/day during 5 days once every 3 weeks. The other half were randomized to receive the drug i.v. 150 mg/m2 weekly. No clear-cut partial remission was detected among the treated patients. In 3 cases a tumor regression was observed, which only met the criteria for a minor regression. These data are consistent with the single agent activity reported in the literature, which encompass mostly heterogeneous series with a few patients. The antitumoractivity of VP-16-213 in the treatment of breast cancer seems to be moderate. However, this should not prevent its incorporation into future, suitable combination chemotherapies. PMID- 7022287 TI - [Brain metastases in malignant testicular teratomas]. AB - Between 1974 and 1979 a total of 344 patients with testicular teratomas were treated at the West German Tumor Center, Essen. Brain metastases were encountered in 16 patients by means of neurologic symptoms as well as scintigraphy and computerized tomography. Cerebral involvement was closely related to preexistent lung metastases (n = 162) and the risk appeared to increase with the duration of pulmonal disease amounting to about 10% (16/162) in this group. Radiotherapy was the treatment of choice and produced objective and subjective improvement in 13 of 16 cases. Thus, long-term prognosis of patients with brain metastases was mainly determined by the preexistent metastatic involvement of the lungs. PMID- 7022288 TI - [Lysosomes in invasive laryngeal cancer]. AB - The occurrence, distribution, morphology and enzymatic activity of lysosomes in malignant keratinocytes of laryngeal carcinoma was studied by electron microscopy and ultrastructural cytochemistry. Lysosomes can be observed in various forms: dense bodies, multivesicular bodies, myelin bodies and residual bodies. The acid phosphatase activity varied both with regard to intensity and staining pattern. Specific reaction product in lysosomes is present in the cell cortex and in cytoplasmic processes of basal carcinoma cells. Extra-cellular localization of acid phosphatase was also observed at the tumor-stroma junction. The enzyme cytochemical and morphological results are discussed in relations to current concepts of lysosomal enzymatic activity in tumor cells. The findings suggest, that extra-cellular secretion of lysosomal enzymes may play an important role in facilitating tumor invasion and metastasis. PMID- 7022289 TI - [Is the malignant giant cell tumor of soft tissues, with regard to its origin, identical with the malignant giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath? Description of a case and overview of the literature]. AB - A malign giant cell tumor of the soft parts is reported and the specific localization of the hand is pointed out; on this basis, a possible connection or a common origin is discussed and the latest literature reviewed. PMID- 7022290 TI - [A malignant mixed tumor of the breast]. AB - A case of a malignant mixed tumor of the female breast is presented. The epithelial part of it showed characteristics of a benign adenoma, the mesenchymal component those of a polymorphonuclear and spindle cellular sarcoma. Pathogenesis and histogenesis of this neoplasm as well as the literature on the subject are discussed. The incidence of this tumor and of sarcomas of the breast, in general is reported. PMID- 7022291 TI - [Results of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate and prednisone in recurring or disseminated non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the University of Kiel Radiology Clinic]. AB - 91 patients with malignant non-Hodgkin-lymphoma are discussed, who received a reinduction therapy because of their state of relapse or dissemination. All of them received chemotherapy as a secondary treatment. The drugs were cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, and prednisone. The result were separately analyzed for lymphomas with "high-grade malignancy" and lymphomas with "low-grade malignancy" using the "Kiel-Klassifikation". Within the group of low grade lymphomas, there were 29% complete remission, 56% partial remission, and 15% without response. In the group of high-grade malignant lymphomas there were 39% complete remission, 37% partial remission, and 24% without response. The curves of disease-free survival are similar for both groups of malignant low grade and high-grade lymphoma. The curve for survival, irrespective of exacerbation, takes a more favorable course for low-grade than for high-grade lymphomas but reaches a common plateau at 30%. After 2 1/3 years 50% of the patients with low-grade-malignant lymphoma, and after 1 1/2 year 50% of the patients with high-grade-malignant lymphoma, are still alive. The longest period of disease-free survival is now 8 years in some cases. We attempt to draw conclusions from the results of the therapy about the nature of malignant non Hodgkin-lymphoma and to give suggestions for its treatment. PMID- 7022292 TI - [Discontinuous cell separation as depletion therapy in chronic leukemias]. AB - Blood cell separators have been successfully used in the treatment of chronic leukaemias. With the intermittent flow system Haemonetics model 30, we found it important to collect 150-300 ml buffy coat/cycle in order to obtain a substantial depletory effect. In 2 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia on short-term leukapheresis and in 1 patient with prolymphocytic leukaemia on long-term leukapheresis we found a definite decrease in the WBC count. 2 of them experienced a transitory improvement of their disease. Only minor side-effects occurred. However, the loss of erythrocytes and plasma albumin necessitated replacement therapy. From our experience the intermittent flow blood cell separator can be successfully used in the treatment of well-defined forms of chronic leukaemia. PMID- 7022293 TI - [Indication and treatment with surgical therapy in primary non-epithelial cancers of the stomach]. AB - The importance of surgical treatment in non-epithelial, primary malignant tumors of the stomach was investigated retrospectively in 27 cases. 85.2% of these tumors were non-Hodgkin lymphomas, 14.8% were leiomyosarcomas and Hodgkin's disease. There were no typical symptoms; those present resembled the symptoms of carcinomas and peptic ulcers. Most patients showed symptoms on average 6 months prior to diagnosis. Histocytological studies of endoscopic biopsies enabled a correct diagnosis to be made preoperatively in up to 75% of cases. The postoperative mortality was 14.8%; the 5-year survival rate was 56.2%. Thus the prognosis is significantly better than that of advanced cancer of the stomach. PMID- 7022294 TI - [Cardiologic monitoring of patients under adriamycin therapy]. PMID- 7022295 TI - Cyclic combination chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: comparison of two CMF schedules. AB - 104 nonrandomized patients suffering from metastatic breast cancer were treated with monthly cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF). One group (group A, 44 patients) received low-dose CMF and another one (group B, 60 patients) received standard doses. In both cases, therapy was cycled every 29 days. Group A patients had a response rate of 50.7%, including 5 complete remissions. The median duration of response was 8.2 months. For group B patients, the response rate was of 68.1%, including 10 complete remissions. The median duration of response was 10.6 months. Toxicity was greater in group B patients, the main side effects being nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, alopecia and stomatitis. PMID- 7022296 TI - Bronchio-alveolar carcinoma. A clinical overview and bibliography. AB - Clinical aspects of bronchio-alveolar carcinoma are reviewed through over 1,000 cases abstracted from the literature and 58 new cases. This form of lung carcinoma is more equally distributed among the sexes than other forms, and has a better prognosis when diagnosed early. Suggestions that the tumor has a multicentric origin are seen to have arisen from early experience with advanced cases. PMID- 7022297 TI - Current techniques for improved visual results after penetrating keratoplasty. AB - Although 90% of corneal transplants today are clear one year after transplantation, many are not truly successful due to factors such as high astigmatism, poor vision until sutures are removed one year postoperatively, or gradual corneal decompensation (late endothelial failure). This paper describes results using both a double running suture technique to provide early visual rehabilitation and serial specular microscopic examinations to maintain the greatest possible number of viable donor endothelial cells. These techniques can be easily used today by any corneal surgeon to improve the overall visual results after penetrating keratoplasty. PMID- 7022298 TI - A new donor cutting block for penetrating keratoplasty. PMID- 7022299 TI - Visual prognosis in pseudophakic corneal transplants. AB - Although the prognosis for obtaining a clear corneal transplant after aphakic bullous keratopathy is good, many patients do not achieve good vision primarily because of macular disease. To evaluate the visual benefit of an intraocular lens on corneal transplantation, we performed a retrospective study comparing the best attained and latest visual acuities, corneal thinning patterns, endothelial cell densities, and postkeratoplasty complications in 31 patients with aphakic bullous keratopathy, 19 patients with pseuodphakic bullous keratopathy, 44 combined transplants with cataract extraction and 5 secondary lens implants at the time of keratoplasty. We found the presence of a lens provided patients with early functional visual rehabilitation. Subsequent visual acuity was equivalent in similar corneal disease categories. The presence of a lens did not produce additional endothelial cell loss, abnormal corneal thinning patterns, or increase the incidence of complications. The removal of an intraocular lens at transplant did not affect ultimate visual prognosis. We conclude that the implantation of an intraocular lens does not increase complications after keratoplasty in selected cases. PMID- 7022300 TI - Infant donor corneas for penetrating keratoplasty. AB - A series of 13 patients who have undergone corneal transplantation with infant corneas have been reviewed. The average donor is eleven months. All grafts with infant donor material were crystal clear from the first postoperative day with no folds in Descemet's membrane. The corneas take on a normal convex shape earlier postoperatively than corneas of elderly donors, following the patients early visual rehabilitation. The final median postoperative refractive error in nine patients is +7.8 -2.91 axis. Control of the flexible infant donor cornea can be improved by using a 0.5 mm larger button at the time of surgery. PMID- 7022301 TI - A lifeline suture for posterior chamber lens implants. PMID- 7022302 TI - Iris fixation suturing of intraocular lenses. PMID- 7022303 TI - Sodium hyaluronate (Healon) in keratoplasty and IOL implantation. PMID- 7022304 TI - Upper eyelid retraction and Graves' disease. AB - Ten upper eyelids of patients with lid retraction due to Graves' disease were treated by levator marginal myotomies. The most common clinical abnormalities were thickening and fatty infiltration of the levator, with adhesions to the orbicularis muscle and the orbital septum. Histologic examination of these tissues revealed collagen proliferation, striated muscle atrophy, and fatty infiltration. The technique and usefulness of levator marginal myotomy are described. PMID- 7022305 TI - The prevention of diabetic retinopathy. AB - Strict regulation of blood sugar reduces the severity of vascular complications including the retinopathy suffered by diabetic patients. The artificial pancreas, insulin pump, and careful insulin administration have been compared with the finding that intensified conventional control is efficacious. Multiple injections of regular and long-acting insulin coordinate physiologically with the serum glucose, minimize hyperglycemia and lessen diabetic retinopathy. This paper will review the facts and support the contention that tight control is worthwhile in patients with long life expectancy. The role of the ophthalmologist should be reinforcement of the principles of good control. PMID- 7022306 TI - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx. A clinicopathological study of 11 cases with review of the literature. AB - A series of 11 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx is presented. The neoplasm is uncommon and the present series has been selected from 872 primary malignant neoplasms of the larynx evaluated at the Section of Pathology of ENT Department of Padua University from January 1975 to December 1979. The median age of the patients was 59 years. The most common location was the epiglottis. The tumors were classified on the basis of cellular differentiation, and common and/or uncommon pathologic features were recorded. Differential diagnosis must be made from several neoplasms, in particular from squamous cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma. The treatment of choice is surgery. The prognosis is better than that of the commoner squamous carcinoma and depends both upon the stage and the histologic grading. PMID- 7022307 TI - [Scientific legacy of Mikhail Ivanovich Sitenko (on the 95th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7022308 TI - [Local hypothermia in spinal injuries and diseases]. PMID- 7022309 TI - [Retrospective assessment of bibliographic manuals on traumatology and orthopedics]. PMID- 7022310 TI - [Enzyme-inhibiting system in coxarthrosis deformans]. PMID- 7022311 TI - [New direction in osteoplasty]. PMID- 7022312 TI - [Prof. Tikhon Mikhailovich Stepanov (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 7022313 TI - [Serum testosterone and acid phosphatase levels in patients with prostatic cancer treated with Estracyt]. PMID- 7022314 TI - [Lajos Soltesz (1917-1981)]. PMID- 7022315 TI - [The acute psychosis of the painter Lajos Gulacsy (discussion of the problem of acute insanity)]. PMID- 7022316 TI - [Peter Lichtenthal, a great but forgotten Hungarian physician-musicologist]. PMID- 7022317 TI - [Jeno Ernst (1895-1981)]. PMID- 7022318 TI - [Comparison of spinal and general anesthesia in the surgical treatment of hip fractures]. PMID- 7022319 TI - [Effect of camping on the metabolic state of diabetic children]. PMID- 7022320 TI - [Centenary of the Hungarian Red Cross]. PMID- 7022321 TI - [Social hygiene, sociography, literature]. PMID- 7022322 TI - [Physicians in Szechenyi's diary]. PMID- 7022323 TI - [1st hospital reform in Hungary in the 18th century]. PMID- 7022324 TI - [Statistics of gingival cytology. Indications for practice and research]. PMID- 7022326 TI - 1981-82 Membership Directory. Pennsylvania Medical Society. PMID- 7022325 TI - [Fracture of the palatal suture as an interceptive measure]. PMID- 7022327 TI - Pain: selected bibliography. PMID- 7022328 TI - Infections with blood parasites in the small British rodents Apodemus sylvaticus, Clethrionomys glareolus and Microtus agrestis. AB - Three populations of small wild British rodents were studied by capture-recapture methods over a period of 3 years, a fourth group was studied for 1 year and a fifth was sampled annually for 4 years. Blood smears were taken from 3 species of rodents: the woodmouse Apodemus sylvaticus, the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus (and an island sub-species C.g. skomerensis) and the short-tailed vole Microtus agrestis. The smears were examined microscopically. Four genera of haemoparasites Babesia, Hepatozoon, Trypanosoma and Grahamella were detected. Babesia was absent from C.g. skomerensis, Hepatozoon was rarely found in A. sylvaticus and M. agrestis and Trypanosoma was rare in A. sylvaticus. More males were infected than females but the difference was only statistically significant for the infection with Hepatozoon in adult C.g. skomerensis. Infections with Babesia and Hepatozoon were more prevalent in adult animals and infections with Trypanosoma were more prevalent in younger individuals. Only in C.g. skomerensis was there a significant difference between age classes in the prevalence of infection with Grahamella--there being more adults infected. Concurrent infections were detected, Hepatozoon being the parasite most commonly involved. The prevalence of infections was found to be approximately proportional to the number of animals known to be alive, regardless of the season. PMID- 7022329 TI - Progress in immunization against parasitic helminths. PMID- 7022330 TI - [In memory of Edoardo Perroncito on the centenary of the founding of the first Chair of Parasitology]. PMID- 7022331 TI - Immunology of parasitic infections. PMID- 7022332 TI - [Scientific literature legacy of Academician Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogomolets (characteristics of Academician Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogomolets' writing of scientific works)]. PMID- 7022333 TI - [Philosophical views of A. A. Bogomolets]. PMID- 7022334 TI - [Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogomolets (on the centennial of his birth)]. PMID- 7022335 TI - [The teachings of Bogomolets on the role of connective tissue in aging and current concepts concerning the mechanisms of collagenous structure development with age]. PMID- 7022336 TI - [Theoretical and practical significance of the theory of cytotoxins]. PMID- 7022337 TI - [Bogomolets and modern allergology]. PMID- 7022338 TI - [The ideas of Bogomolets in the development of modern endocrinology]. PMID- 7022339 TI - [A. A. Bogomolets as a teacher]. PMID- 7022340 TI - [Plasma membrane: the frontier of the cell]. PMID- 7022341 TI - [Renal angiomyolipoma. Report of 2 cases and review of the literature]. PMID- 7022342 TI - An approach to congenital contractures (arthrogryposis). PMID- 7022343 TI - Craniostenosis: a new approach to management. PMID- 7022344 TI - A regionalized approach to pediatric emergency care. PMID- 7022345 TI - Structure and function of blood cell membranes. PMID- 7022346 TI - The insulin receptor. PMID- 7022347 TI - [Immunoglobulins A in children with Salmonella infection]. PMID- 7022348 TI - [Ultrasonography and its use in the diagnosis of congenital heart defects]. PMID- 7022349 TI - Growth acceleration following renal transplantation in children less than 7 years of age. AB - Of 110 consecutive renal allografts performed at Children's Hospital Medical Center 12 were in 11 patients aged 3 to 7 years. Patient and graft survival and linear growth were evaluated in these 11 children. All 11 are surviving, seven (64%) with functioning allografts 12 to 92 months after transplant. Six of these seven have normal renal function (on alternate day prednisone dose less than 0.7 mg/kg every two days plus daily azathioprine) and all seven have shown catch-up growth, reaching and maintaining normal height for age. An eighth patient, now returned to dialysis, grew from below the third percentile at age 3 years to the 25th percentile at age 8 years, after which renal function deteriorated. Three patients rapidly rejected allografts and have had decreased growth velocity for age. In contrast, although many of the remaining 76 patients who received 98 transplants after age 7 years are growing, none showed accelerated linear growth sufficient to catch up if below the third percentile for age or to cross centile lines if above. Neither the degree of pretransplant bone age retardation nor steroid dose per kilogram accounted for lack of growth acceleration of those more than 7 years of age. Despite small sample size, the growth of renal transplant recipients less than 7 years of age suggests that they are good, and in some ways, favored transplant candidates. PMID- 7022350 TI - From atom to eve. PMID- 7022351 TI - Hidden health disabilities and the presidency: medical management and political consideration. PMID- 7022352 TI - A reexamination of "The Effects of Partial Section of the Auditory Nerve". PMID- 7022353 TI - Rural psychiatry on the nineteenth-century frontier: the career of Jacob Bowers. PMID- 7022354 TI - Selzer's surgeon as seer. PMID- 7022355 TI - Medicine's millenarianism. PMID- 7022356 TI - Fuller Albright: the endocrinologists' clinical endocrinologist. PMID- 7022357 TI - Medical Leonardo of Boston, Oliver Wendell Holmes, M.D. (1809--1894): an evaluation of versatility. PMID- 7022358 TI - The importance of being ethical. PMID- 7022359 TI - Intuition, the welcome stranger. PMID- 7022360 TI - The World Health Organization in historical perspective. PMID- 7022361 TI - Baccalaureate programs accredited for public health nursing preparation 1981 1982. PMID- 7022363 TI - Guide for the development of nursing libraries. PMID- 7022362 TI - Practical nursing career 1981. PMID- 7022364 TI - [Myasthenia. Recent immunological findings (author's transl)]. AB - Recent immunological findings concerning experimental and human myasthenia are review. It has now been established that human myasthenia is an autoimmune disease directed against acetylcholine receptors and mediated mainly by specific antibodies. On the other hand, the precise mechanism of postsynaptic lesions and the cause that triggers off the antireceptor autoimmune reaction are still imperfectly known. PMID- 7022365 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of arterial stenosis in a transplanted kidney]. PMID- 7022366 TI - [Plasma lipid fractions in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Effects of short term control of glycaemia (author's transl)]. AB - In order to elicitate a possible influence of short-term control of glycaemia on circulating plasma lipid fractions, the authors have endeavoured to find out: (a) whether there was a correlation between these fractions and glycosyl-haemoglobin (Hb A1) which indicates previous glycaemic balance, and (b) whether the various lipid fractions were modified by absolute control of glycaemia during a 24-hour application of artificial pancreas. They found that HbA1 correlated positively with total cholesterol and VLDL + LDL cholesterol, but not with HDL cholesterol. After 24 hours on artificial pancreas there was a significant decrease in total blood cholesterol without changes in blood triglycerides. The decrease was homogenous and concerned cholesterol concentrations in both low and high density lipoproteins. The authors conclude that the increased risk of atherosclerosis in insulin-dependent patients is in-related to a decrease in HDL cholesterol. PMID- 7022367 TI - [Louis XIII's disease. Intestinal tuberculosis or Crohn's disease?]. PMID- 7022368 TI - [Long-term evolution of nodular lymphoma. Outcome in 85 patients treated between 1968 and 1975 (author's transl)]. AB - Eighty-five patients with nodular lymphoma diagnosed between 1968 and 1975 were followed up for long periods and were treated by either conventional methods (local radiotherapy and single drug chemotherapy) or by more intensive therapeutic regimens, such as initial combined M.O.P.P. therapy and maintenance treatment with chlorambucil with or without further courses of M.O.P.P. Long-term follow-ups have brought to light some interesting points concerning the prognosis. Dissemination of the disease and large-cell histological pattern were, as already known, unfavourable factors. Neither age nor sex, nor bone-marrow involvement seemed to have any influence. Obtaining complete remissions improved the prognosis, but intensifying the initial and maintenance treatments proved disappointing: the survival rate remained the same, and the incidence of drug induced leukaemias was high. Indeed, relapses appeared to be less responsive to treatment when the patient had initially received multiple chemotherapy. However, in view of the high death rate of the disease (one-third of the patients in this series died within the first 5 years), trying new therapeutic regimens in the hope of obtaining better results, as has been done in Hodgkin's disease, would be fully justified. PMID- 7022369 TI - [Non-Hodgkin lymphomas. New histological, cytological and prognostic correlations (author's transl)]. AB - In a homogenous series of 58 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, clinical, histological, cytological and prognostic correlations were investigated by the same pathologists and clinicians, using Kiel's classification. The survival rate at 3 years was 78% for stage I and II lymphomas and 37% for stage III and IV lymphomas. Nodular forms had a better prognosis. There was good correlation between prognosis and Kiel's classification of cytological forms. The survival rate was 81% in low grade malignancy lymphomas and 28% in high grade malignancy lymphomas with immunoblasts, pure centroblasts and lymphoblasts. The poor survival rate of patients with immunoblastic sarcoma was due to a variety of the disease with totally undifferentiated, highly proliferative cells. PMID- 7022370 TI - [Usefulness of micro-organism counts in positive haemocultures (author's transl)]. AB - In patients with positive haemoculture counting the number of micro-organisms per ml of blood can be of interest for both diagnosis and prognosis. Contamination is practically excluded when values exceed 20 organisms/ml, and bacteraemia when they exceed 500 organisms/ml. Generally, the higher the count the greater the likelihood of septicaemia. Values lower than 2 organisms/ml correspond in most cases to Gram-negative infections. Excluding the latter, which carry a high lethal risk, the mortality rate in septicaemia increases with the number of micro organisms in the blood. PMID- 7022371 TI - [Continuous open-circuit administration of insulin and autocontrol of blood glucose in the diabetic pregnant woman]. PMID- 7022372 TI - The challenge of high blood pressure control. PMID- 7022373 TI - Diary of a VAD 1940-9. Sharks, butterflies and oysters. PMID- 7022374 TI - History of nursing in the Army: behind the lines. PMID- 7022375 TI - Diary of a VAD 1940-49: bedpans in the drawing-room. PMID- 7022376 TI - Royal College of Midwives: one hundred years young! PMID- 7022377 TI - Dorothy Webster: sleuth! PMID- 7022378 TI - History of nursing in the Air Force: string, sealing wax and individual daring. PMID- 7022379 TI - Diary of a VAD 1940-49: a nose bleed and land mine. PMID- 7022380 TI - Early midwifery: one of the oldest professions. PMID- 7022381 TI - Diary of a VAD 1940-9. Chaos and comedy on HMS Ganges. PMID- 7022382 TI - Diary of a VAD 1940-9. Extracts from my diary. PMID- 7022383 TI - Diary of a VAD 1940-9: bound for Brisbane. PMID- 7022384 TI - Diary of a VAD 1940-9. Down under. PMID- 7022385 TI - [Mucodine in the treatment of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7022386 TI - [Structure and function of the cilia epithelium of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 7022387 TI - [Phagocytosis and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction tests in respiratory tract diseases. I. Evaluation of granulocyte function by means of phagocytosis and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction tests]. PMID- 7022388 TI - [Phagocytosis and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction tests in respiratory tract diseases. II. Disorders of granulocyte function in respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 7022389 TI - [Role of immunologic deficiency syndromes in respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 7022390 TI - [Control of the microbiological laboratories of phthisiopulmonological centers]. PMID- 7022391 TI - [Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas following renal transplantation]. PMID- 7022392 TI - [Significance of terminal nucleotidyltransferase in the diagnosis of proliferative conditions of the hematopoietic system]. PMID- 7022393 TI - [Prof. Orlowski's contribution to tuberculosis control]. PMID- 7022394 TI - [Serum lipid mobilizing activity and insulin level in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7022395 TI - [Pharmacokinetics in renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7022396 TI - Biological significance of lysozyme-like substances in the milk of cows with the mammary gland in physiological and pathological states. AB - The lysozyme activity in milk or exudate of 1028 cows, healthy or with various abnormal states of the mammary gland was determined in IU/ml. Normal milk from a healthy gland demonstrated a slight lysozyme activity-to 1,5 IU/ml. In exudate of a dry gland and in precolostral one the lysozymatic activity was distinct-to about 60 IU/ml. In latent infections the level of lysozyme was slightly higher than the normal. In various abnormal states of the mammary gland, there occurred a dependence between the level of the lysozyme activity and the number of nucleated cells and the virulence of bacteria. During treatment, as clinical changes subsided, the lysozyme activity in milk decreased gradually. PMID- 7022397 TI - Behavioral and hormonal effects of prolonged high doses of LHRH in male impotency. AB - Eight married men with secondary impotency on a nonorganic, non-psychiatric disease basis injected themselves with placebo subcutaneously (SC) twice a day (b.i.d.) for the first week in a single blind design followed by two periods of four weeks with LHRH (3 mg b.i.d. for four weeks) and placebo (b.i.d. for four weeks) in a double blind crossover design. Outcome was assessed by daily questionnaires. There were no significant differences between the effects of LHRH and placebo on frequency of intercourse, spontaneous erections, and wife's rating of her husband's libido. On these measurements, small, non-significant, trends toward improvement were associated with LHRH. The patients' rating of their own libido was higher (p less than 0.05) during the first week on LHRH compared to the first week of the four weeks of placebo, but the magnitude of the differences was minimal. Frequency of masturbation did not increase with LHRH. In contrast to other studies, men with premasturbatory activity improved less and there was no improvement in potency in the two month follow-up after LHRH. Baseline LH, FSH, testosterone and prolactin were all within normal limits. The LH and FSH response to LHRH decreased over the 28 days but testosterone levels and response to LHRH increased. Since there was a small trend toward improvement after LHRH, clinical trials with LHRH analogs should be explored. PMID- 7022398 TI - Opioid peptide synthesis in bovine and human adrenal chromaffin cells. AB - Addition of inhibitors of chromaffin vesicle catecholamine uptake, reserpine or tetrabenazine, to cultures of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells led to a depletion of cellular catecholamine stores and to an increased opioid peptide content. Addition of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, catecholamines or catecholamine receptor agonists to the cultures produced similar increases in the opioid peptide content without altering catecholamine stores, suggesting that an extravesicular catecholamine pool influences chromaffin cell opioid peptide content. This elevated peptide content resulted from increased synthesis by the cells and led to enhanced stimulus-evoked secretion of opioid peptides. Dissociated cells obtained from a human pheochromocytoma tumor also increased their opioid peptide content following treatment with reserpine or a secretagogue. The results obtained with cultured chromaffin and pheochromocytoma cells suggest that a mechanism for replenishing and increasing adrenal medullary opioid peptide stores and secretory capacity may function in vivo. The observed regulation of opioid peptide stores may also be important in the clinical pathology of opioid peptide containing tumors. PMID- 7022399 TI - [Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (rodentiosis) in Poland 1966-1978]. PMID- 7022400 TI - [Multigland failure in acquired vitiligo]. PMID- 7022401 TI - [Right-ventricular myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7022402 TI - [Pulmonary edema and plasma osmotic pressure]. PMID- 7022403 TI - [Role of prostaglandins in immunological reactions]. PMID- 7022404 TI - [Paget's disease of bone with special reference incidence in young persons and the possibility of malignant transformation]. PMID- 7022405 TI - [Euthanasia in the light of deontological reflexions]. PMID- 7022406 TI - [Chromosome aberrations in lymphoma]. PMID- 7022407 TI - [Methods of morphological study of small intestine biopsy specimens obtained from children]. PMID- 7022408 TI - [Primary liver cancer. Pathogenetic and clinical aspects]. PMID- 7022409 TI - [Blast transformation of peripheral lymphocytes and intradermal tests in diabetic children]. PMID- 7022410 TI - [Treatment maintaining complete remission in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7022411 TI - [Pathomorphology of renal arteries]. PMID- 7022412 TI - [Usefulness of Catergen (ZYMA) in the treatment of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7022413 TI - [Treatment of extensive areas of residual granulation tissue with mesh skin transplants from the head]. PMID- 7022414 TI - [Blow-out orbital fracture]. PMID- 7022415 TI - [Experimental studies of Polish physicians on the carcinogenic effect of coal tar and its derivatives (before 1939)]. PMID- 7022416 TI - [Evaluation of n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate for the reconstruction of the arteries in dogs. II. Morphological evaluation]. AB - The microscopic examinations of 56 arteries anastomosed or dressed by 2 cyanoacrylate n-butyl tissue adhesive revealed prolonged inflammation of a foreign body type. The reaction was noticeable even after 93 days. Small parts of adhesive on the arterial surface were surrounded by fibromatosed granulation. However, inside some vessels parietal clots caused by an inaccurate anastomosis and too thick adhesive layer, were found. The long lasting inflammation doesn't eliminate the usefulness of the adhesive as remedy for the facilitation of the small vessels anastomosis. PMID- 7022417 TI - The antinuclear antibody test. Keeping it relevant. PMID- 7022418 TI - Splenic peliosis associated with rupture in a renal transplant patient. PMID- 7022419 TI - Polyhydramnios and acute renal failure. PMID- 7022420 TI - Measurement of the effects of a single dose of prazosin on the cerebral blood flow in hypertensive patients. AB - It was considered that the first dose reaction occurring with prazosin may have been due either to hypotension or to a specific reduction in cerebral blood flow. The development of a quantitative non-invasion nuclear medicine technique for cerebral flow has now made it possible to investigate the effects of prazosin on cerebral blood flow in hypertensive patients. This double-blind study showed a significant decrease in BP and a small just significant increase in cerebral blood flow following a single 1-mg dose of prazosin, when compared with a placebo. From these results, it is unlikely that the first dose reactions which occurred with prazosin were due to a specific reduction in cerebral blood flow. PMID- 7022421 TI - Shigella septicaemia following renal transplantation. AB - Two patients are described who developed septicaemia with Shigella flexneri following renal transplantation. Pre-operative screening had not identified either patient as a chronic carrier of Shigella sp. The acute management and problems posed by unrecognized carriers amongst patients undergoing transplantation in areas of the world where Shigella is endemic, are discussed. PMID- 7022422 TI - Effects of captopril (SQ 14,225) in a patient with primary pulmonary hypertension. AB - In a 33-year-old patient with severe primary pulmonary hypertension, the acute administration of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor captopril (SQ 14,225) induced a rise in cardiac output, and a fall in both pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance. Subsequent chronic oral administration of captopril induced only transient clinical improvement, and the patient died. Captopril may nevertheless be useful in the treatment of less advanced cases of this disease. PMID- 7022423 TI - Comparison of the chronic effects of bendrofluazide, bumetanide and frusemide on plasma biochemical variables. AB - Eleven plasma variables have been studied in 18 elderly patients with cardiac oedema treated with bendrofluazide, frusemide and bumetanide, using a fully balanced, cross-over trial design. Bumetanide caused the least disturbance of plasma potassium and bendrofluazide the greatest. Frusemide produced an intermediate effect. The difference between the changes in plasma potassium produced by bumetanide and bendrofluazide was significant (P less than 0.02). PMID- 7022424 TI - Structure and gas-flow pattern in the avian respiratory system. PMID- 7022425 TI - [Diagnosis of dental occlusion and reconstruction of partial dentures--dental tissue support]. PMID- 7022426 TI - Lantigen oral bacterial antigen in an industrial population. PMID- 7022427 TI - Management of depressive neurosis. PMID- 7022428 TI - Weight reduction in osteoarthritis using phentermine. PMID- 7022429 TI - Acute severe bronchospasm in children. Treatment in general practice. PMID- 7022430 TI - Bonesetters. PMID- 7022431 TI - A low-carbohydrate lager for diabetic patients. PMID- 7022432 TI - Arthritis: anti-inflammatory drugs in practice. PMID- 7022433 TI - Flupenthixol versus combined fluphenazine-nortriptyline in depressive illness. PMID- 7022434 TI - Topical corticosteroids in eczema. A comparative trial. A report from the General Practitioner Research Group. PMID- 7022435 TI - The case of Captain Colthurst. PMID- 7022436 TI - [Genetic aspects of human infertility (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022437 TI - [Preventive aspects of genetic counselling (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022438 TI - [Urgent need for new antimalarias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022439 TI - [Dermatologic entomology. The practical medical importance of mites and insects in Switzerland and its surrounding regions. 27. Pyroglyphidae/housedust mites]. PMID- 7022440 TI - [Methods employed in the post-marketing surveillance of an oral agent for asthma prophylaxis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022441 TI - [Treatment of vaginal mycosis - comparison of clotrimazole and econazole in a clinical trial within a 3-day-therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022442 TI - The General Dental Council. Twenty-five years on. PMID- 7022443 TI - The FDI: 1900-1980. PMID- 7022444 TI - A biochemical study of human tooth pulp response to caries. PMID- 7022445 TI - Nutrition and caries. PMID- 7022446 TI - Socio-economics of medicine - panel discussion. PMID- 7022447 TI - Expression in Escherichia coli of biologically active enzyme by a DNA sequence coding for the human plasminogen activator urokinase. AB - We have isolated clones of Escherichia coli strain K-12 that contain a hybrid pBR322 plasmid having a 4.2-kilobase insert of a DNA transcript of the mRNA of human plasminogen activator, urokinase. The bacterially produced enzyme has properties similar to those of urokinase from human fetal kidney cells. Both enzymes occur in discrete forms ranging from 32,000 to 150,000 daltons in size. They react with antibody to purified urokinase from human kidney cells, bind to a benzamidine-Sepharose column, and induce plasminogen-dependent lysis of a fibrin clot. PMID- 7022448 TI - recA protein of Escherichia coli promotes branch migration, a kinetically distinct phase of DNA strand exchange. AB - The recA protein of Escherichia coli promotes the complete exchange of strands between full-length linear duplex and single-stranded circular DNA molecules of bacteriophage phi X-174, converting more than 50% of the single-stranded DNA into heteroduplex replicative form II-like structures. Kinetically, the reaction can be divided into two phases, formation of short heteroduplex regions (D loops) and extension of the D loops via branch migration. recA protein participates directly in both phases. D loops are formed efficiently in the presence of ATP or the nonhydrolyzable ATP analog adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate, whereas D-loop extension requires continuous ATP hydrolysis. Complete strand exchange requires a stoichiometric amount of recA protein and is strongly stimulated by the single stranded-DNA-binding protein of E. coli. PMID- 7022449 TI - Repair of DNA double-strand breaks in Escherichia coli cells requires synthesis of proteins that can be induced by UV light. AB - The repair of DNA double-strand breaks in Escherichia coli cells irradiated with gamma rays occurs only after new proteins are synthesized in response to damage introduced in the genome DNA. One protein whose synthesis is thus induced is the recA protein, and previous work has shown that recA- cells do not repair double strand breaks. However, inducing recA protein by treating cells with nalidixic acid does not induce repair of double-strand breaks, so this repair requires more than the presence of the recA protein. When repair of double-strand breaks is blocked, the genome DNA is degraded by an endonuclease-like action. Evidence is presented to show that the inducible inhibition of DNA degradation after x irradiation [Pollard, E. C. & Randall, E. P. (1973) Radiat. Res. 55, 265] is probably caused by the inducible repair of DNA double-strand breaks. PMID- 7022450 TI - Changes in the promoter range of RNA polymerase resulting from bacteriophage T4 induced modification of core enzyme. AB - Primary transcripts made in vitro on bacteriophage T4 DNA by RNA polymerase isolated from normal or T4-infected Escherichia coli were compared by gel electrophoresis. Bacteriophage-modified RNA polymerase fails to initiate transcription at certain promoters recognized by unmodified enzyme. In the T4tRNA gene region, only one of the two promoters is active with the modified RNA polymerase. Reconstitution of separated RNA polymerase components demonstrates that this change in promoter site selection results from the modification of core enzyme and not sigma factor. PMID- 7022451 TI - Amino acid sequence of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase subunit [orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1, isozyme 3] has been determined. The monomer contains 449 amino acid residues in a single unglycosylated polypeptide chain having a calculated Mr of 47,029. Isozyme 1 has an additional arginine residue at the NH2 terminus that presumably results from variability in processing of precursor molecules. Sequence data were obtained from both manual and automatic Edman degradation of the tryptic and cyanogen bromide peptides, as well as other peptides derived therefrom. The two disulfide bonds were determined from analyses of the appropriate peptic peptides. This structure confirms earlier reports of the sequence surrounding the active-site serine and both the NH2- and COOH-terminal cyanogen bromide fragments. A secondary structure prediction places nearly half the residues in alpha-helical segments that have 13% and 16%, respectively, in beta-strand and beta-turn orientations. PMID- 7022452 TI - Bacillus licheniformis penicillinase synthesized in Escherichia coli contains covalently linked fatty acid and glyceride. AB - DNA sequence analysis of the structural gene for Bacillus licheniformis penicillinase has revealed a tetrapeptide sequence of Leu-Ala-Gly-Cys within the NH2-terminal part of the precursor form of penicillinase (penicillin amido-beta lactamhydrolase, EC 3.5.2.6). The same tetrapeptide occurs in the signal sequence of the prolipoprotein of Escherichia coli, and the cysteine residue in the tetrapeptide of prolipoprotein is modified to form glyceride-cysteine which becomes the NH2 terminus of Braun's lipoprotein. On the basis of labeling, with [2-3H]glycerol, [3H]palmitate, [35S]methionine, and [35S]sulfuric acid, of an E. coli strain lysogenic for a lambda vector containing the penicillinase gene from B. licheniformis and of immunoprecipitation with rabbit antisera against purified B. licheniformis penicillinase, we conclude that B. licheniformis penicillinase synthesized in E. coli contains covalently linked glyceride and fatty acid. These results strongly suggest the operation of a modification system in E. coli, and presumably in other Gram-negative bacteria, which results in the formation of a glyceride-cysteine residue if the proper peptide sequence is present in the signal sequence of membrane proteins. PMID- 7022453 TI - Lipoprotein nature of Bacillus licheniformis membrane penicillinase. AB - Membrane penicillinase (penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase, EC 3.5.2.6) from Bacillus licheniformis bears a striking resemblance to the major outer membrane lipoprotein of Escherichia coli. It can be specifically labeled in vivo with [3H]glycerol, [35S]cysteine, or [3H]palmitate but not by [32P]orthophosphate. The labeled residues are located at or near the NH2 terminus of the membrane penicillinase because they can be completely removed by trypsin which cleaves a hydrophobic peptide(s) from the NH2 terminus, thereby rendering the enzyme hydrophilic. The membrane penicillinase produced by the 749/C gene carried in E. coli on phage lambda is similar to the enzyme formed in strain 749/C itself. The peptide antibiotic globomycin, which prevents processing of the E. coli prolipoprotein, severely inhibited the attachment of [3H]palmitate or [3H]glycerol to the 749/C enzyme (either in B. licheniformis 749/C or in E. coli), blocked the accumulation of penicillinase in the plasma membrane, and enhanced the formation of exoenzyme. Under the same conditions, globomycin does not prevent the attachment of palmitate or glycerol to the E. coli prolipoprotein but inhibits processing of the modified precursor to the mature lipoprotein. These results are in contrast with the lack of effect of globomycin on the RTEM beta-lactamase of E. coli which has no detectable hydrophobic membrane form and was not labeled with palmitate or glycerol. PMID- 7022454 TI - Direct selection procedure for the isolation of functional centromeric DNA. AB - Several plasmids, each containing a segment of DNA capable of conferring mitotic stability on the ars1 vector YRp7 replicating in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), have been isolated from a yeast genomic library by direct selection for stable plasmid maintenance. The mitotic-stabilizing sequences fall into two classes: (i) segments of the yeast "2-micrometers" plasmid and (ii) DNA segments containing yeast centromeric DNA. Plasmids of the first class segregate 4+:0- through meiosis whereas the centromere plasmids segregate predominantly 2+:2-, as typical chromosomes. Previously identified centromeres from chromosomes II (CEN3) and XI (CEN11), along with the CEN11-linked gene MET14, can be isolated by this direct selection procedure. In addition, several other unidentified centromere DNAs were obtained. There are no detectable sequence homologies between CEN3 and CEN11 DNAs nor do these DNAs hybridize to the other yeast centromere regions. PMID- 7022455 TI - Statistical analysis of the Ames Salmonella/microsome test. AB - A family of statistical models for analysis of Ames Salmonella/microsome test data is constructed that considers mutation and toxicity as competing risks and allows hyper-Poisson variability. These models have a parameter than can be employed as a mutagenic index because it approximates the slope at zero dose of a dose-response curve adjusted for toxicity. A second parameter quantifies plate-to plate variability and lends itself to the study of factors affecting internal test reproducibility. The detection of aberrant plate counts is also addressed. This methodology is illustrated with data from a Salmonella test. PMID- 7022456 TI - Roles of macrophage Fc and C3b receptors in phagocytosis of immunologically coated Cryptococcus neoformans. AB - I have studied the roles of macrophage Fc and C3b receptors in the cell's interaction with encapsulated Cryptococcus neoformans and have defined the effects of a lymphokine that enhances macrophage complement receptor function, the effects of ingestion of soluble immune complexes, and the effects of corticosteroid treatment upon the ability of macrophages to phagocytize cryptococci via these receptors. Neither uncoated nor C3-coated cryptococci were phagocytized, whereas IgG-coated cryptococci were avidly phagocytized by mouse peritoneal macrophages. Treatment of macrophages with the lymphokine enabled them to ingest C3-coated cryptococci. Prior ingestion of soluble immune complexes severely compromised macrophages' ability to phagocytize cryptococci via their Fc receptors but did not affect their ability to ingest cryptococci via their complement receptors. Corticosteroid treatment severely impaired the ability of macrophages to respond to the lymphokine. Based upon these experimental observations, I have constructed a model for normal host defense mechanisms against disease due to C. neoformans. PMID- 7022457 TI - Angiotensin II immunoreactivity coexists with renin in the juxtaglomerular granular cells of the kidney. AB - The multiple physiologic functions of angiotensin II(AII) are generally supposed to be mediated by the peptide generated in the blood circulation. In addition to this extracellular mechanism of AII formation, we have obtained immunohistochemical evidence for the intracellular synthesis of AII in the kidney. Rats were perfused with fixative, and paraffin sections of the kidneys were processed with antisera against renin (EC 3.4.99.19), AII, and other components of the renin--angiotensin system. Renin immunoreactivity was regularly observed in the epithelioid granular cells in the media of the afferent vessel of the glomerulus. AII immunoreactivity was found to coexist within the same cells. This observation points to an intracellular production of AII in the juxtaglomerular epitheloid granular cells. AII may then be released concomitantly with renin in the interstitial fluid and in the blood. The paracrine secretion of AII could exert a local regulatory influence on the tonus of the glomerular vessels. PMID- 7022458 TI - Role of basal lamina in neoplastic disorganization of tissue architecture. AB - We have studied a transplantable carcinoma of the rat pancreas [Reddy, J. K. & Rao, M. S. (1977( Science 198, 78-80] that is composed of cytologically differentiated acinar cells that have lost their epithelial orientation and do not form acini. Light microscopy shows, however, consistent palisading, reorientation, and polarization of these cells in areas of contact with the vasculature. Electron microscopy reveals a normal basal lamina (BL) along the basal portions of repolarized tumor cells that is physically separate from the endothelial BL. We used indirect immunofluorescence to examine the distribution of BL constituents, laminin (Lm) and type IV collagen (type IV), within the different microenvironments of this tumor. In normal pancreas, Lm and type IV are distributed linearly, outlining acini and blood vessels. In the tumor parenchyma, type IV is not detected, whereas Lm appears in a punctate distribution outlining cells. Reorientation of tumor cells is observed only along linearly deposited Lm and type IV bordering vessels. These data indicate that this nonmetastatic tumor has lost the ability to produce or maintain a complete BL within its disorganized parenchyma, while its cells retain the capacity to produce and reorganize along liner BL when in contact with vascular adventitia. We suggest that failure to maintain a complete BL may be involved in the neoplastic disorganization of normal tissue architecture as well as in the breakdown of boundaries during the development of invasive carcinomata. PMID- 7022459 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors and cleft palate in mice and man. PMID- 7022460 TI - The murine Ah locus: genetic differences in birth defects among individuals in the same uterus. PMID- 7022461 TI - Genetics of clefting in the mouse. AB - Whether the relative sensitivity of A/J to CP induction by many teratogens is due to a common mechanism has not been explored beyond cortisone and 6-AN. These latter were found to be probably independent systems. For 6-NA it was suggested that the strain difference was due to three loci with dominance and epistasis and acting in embryos, so that relative liability like that shown by A/J would be derived from simultaneous homozygosity for recessive genes at three loci. The strain difference in CP response to cortisone was explained by two loci with dominance, but with independent effects (no epistasis), and a maternal effect. At least part of the maternal effect and one of the embryonic loci were associated with the H-2 complex. PMID- 7022462 TI - Alternative genetic models for the analysis of complex traits. PMID- 7022463 TI - Quantitative variation in hormonal receptors and clefting in the mouse. AB - Evidence has been presented that there is a quantitative variation of fetal palatal glucocorticoid receptor levels which correlates with susceptibility to cortisone-induced cleft palate in a variety of inbred strains of mice. This is consistent with what is known about the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids in most tissues. It may be stated with some reservation that there may be a gene(s) in or near the H-2 locus which regulates, in part, both susceptibility and receptor levels. There is at least one non H-2 gene which is involved in this regulation. Susceptibility to phenytoin-induced cleft palate may be also regulated in part by an H-2 associated gene. These studies have raised more questions than they have answered and hopefully may lead to some new light in the mechanism of this animal model of the congenital defect of cleft palate with future work. PMID- 7022464 TI - Interactions of hemoglobin S with the red cell membrane. AB - Significant differences were observed in the binding of hemoglobin A and hemoglobin S to normal red cell membranes containing the fluorescent chromophore 12-(9-anthroyl) stearic acid. Deoxyhemoglobin S had a greater affinity for the membrane than did deoxyhemoglobin A and part of the binding of deoxyhemoglobin S appeared to be irreversible. When the hemoglobin binding site in red cell membranes, Band 3, was blocked with with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, neither hemoglobin S nor A was bound. It is suggested that the binding sites for hemoglobin S to normal red cell membranes involves two steps: (1) the binding of hemoglobin to Band 3 in which increased binding reflects the greater positive charge followed by (2) a component of irreversible binding, believed to reflect an interaction between a hydrophobic area of hemoglobin S and red cell lipids. PMID- 7022465 TI - Mercurials and red cell membranes. AB - Mercurials influence a large number of protein-mediated functions in membranes including transport phenomena, related enzyme activities and sructural factors such as deformability and phospholipid asymmetry. The sulfhydryl groups that are the targets for mercurials are found in different locations in the membrane, the outer surface, internal compartments, or cytoplasmic surface. Those on the outer surface are immediately influenced even by non-penetrating mercurials, whereas those within the membrane are only accessible after a time delay, to permeating agents. Agents that permeate very rapidly will equilibrate with internal proteins (hemoglobin) producing small transient effects on the membrane, whereas agents that penetrate slowly will produce larger more prolonged effects. The mode of penetration is of importance. Sulfhydryl groups within an intrinsic protein channel will only be affected if the mercurial can penetrate into that channel. Although all mercurials can react with high specificity with sulfhydryl groups, structural factors relating to the membrane architecture and the capacity of different agents to penetrate into the membrane, lead to considerable diversity in their effectiveness against particular functions. Mercurials with different capacities to penetrate can be effective tools in determining the arrangement of functional proteins in the membrane and in determining how they work. PMID- 7022466 TI - Methemoglobin pathophysiology. AB - The biochemical processes involved in the formation of methemoglobin, in the protection of hemoglobin against oxidation to methemoglobin, and in the reduction of methemoglobin to hemoglobin are reviewed. Special emphasis is directed to the major and minor metabolic pathways in human erythrocytes that are involved in the reduction of methemoglobin, and evidence is presented that the NADH-methemoglobin reductase system, involving a soluble cytochrome b5 and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, it is the most important reductive mechanism. Toxic methemoglobinemia, methemoglobinemia due to hemoglobin M's, and hereditary methemoglobinemia due to deficiency in NADH-methemoglobin reductase activity are considered. Their clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment are discussed briefly. PMID- 7022467 TI - Protein architecture of the erythrocyte membrane. AB - The normal human erythrocyte is comprised of as many as 90 polypeptides. These membrane polypeptides are organized asymmetrically within the membrane. In a well washed erythrocyte, all the polypeptides exposed on the outside surface are transmembrane proteins. Six such polypeptides have been identified. They are the anion transport component protein 3, the glucose transport protein 4.5 and the sialoglycoproteins PAS 1, 2', 2 and 3. The major membrane protein, protein 3, which comprises 25% of the total membrane peptide, interacts on the cytoplasmic surface with the cytoskeletal components. The sialoglycoprotein PAS 2 has also been shown to interact with cytoskeleton and has been named glycoconnectin. Employing a monolayer freeze-fracture technique, the transmembrane proteins have been shown to distribute asymmetrically. For example, the major sialoglycoproteins distribute with the outer half of the bilayer (E-face) while protein 3 is found exclusively on the inner half of the bilayer (P-face). The anchoring of the transmembrane proteins determines on which half of the bilayer the protein will be found. Well-defined fragments of the sialoglycoprotein are produced by the freeze-fracture procedure indicating that selected covalent bonds of these transmembrane proteins were broken. Correlation of these results with the appearance of intramembrane particles on the E- and P-faces indicate that protein 3 may account for most of the intramembrane particles found on the P face, while the sialoglycoproteins probably account for little, if any, of the particles. Although the evidence is not conclusive, protein 4.5 may account for the particles on the E-face of the freeze-fractured human erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7022468 TI - Oxidizing radicals and red cell destruction. PMID- 7022469 TI - The unstable hemoglobins: a review. AB - There are now some 80 known genetic abnormalities controlling the production of unstable hemoglobin variants, including one in the gamma chain. The clinical presentation of patients carrying these variants and the circumstances under which the variants have been detected vary considerably so that no one syndrome covers all cases, but perhaps the best general term is Unstable Hemoglobin Disease (UHD). It must be emphasized, however, that many variants which have been discovered by Hb electrophoresis, and subsequently shown to be heat unstable, do not cause hemolysis in vivo. Some examples of UHD are known as Congenital Heinz Body Hemolytic Anemia (CHBHA) because Heinz bodies are present in large numbers after splenectomy. In many clinical cases of UHD, however, Heinz bodies may not be found. This short review attempts to highlight the different clinical pictures associated with unstable hemoglobins and to discuss their diagnosis. The substitutions and deletions that are associated with heat instability of the hemoglobin molecule are listed with references to the literature. PMID- 7022470 TI - Modification of hemoglobin and other proteins by nonenzymatic glycosylation. AB - The most abundant minor hemoglobin component in human red cells is Hb AIc which is formed by the non-enzymatic condensation of glucose with the N-terminus of the beta-chain to form a stable ketoamine linkage. This adduct is increased in patients with diabetes mellitus and provides a useful index of diabetic control. In addition, glucose forms covalent attachments with lysine residues on both the alpha and beta chain, although these adducts are not readily separable by ordinary electrophoretic and chromatographic techniques. Additional minor hemoglobin components are formed by adducts with sugar phosphates. Nonenzymatic glycosylation also occurs on other proteins, particularly those with long turnover times and exposure to high concentrations of glucose. Examples include the proteins of the red cell membrane, albumin and lens crystallins. This phenomenon may be important in the pathogenesis of the long term control of diabetes. PMID- 7022471 TI - Physical chemical properties of sickle cell hemoglobin. PMID- 7022472 TI - The clinical effects of Hb S, an overview. AB - Although there is as yet no definitive treatment for patients with sickle cell disease there has been considerable improvement in the overall management of these patients in recent years. This stems largely from a better understanding of the disease process. The risks from infection in infancy and childhood due to asplenia ae now well known, and children at risk ar being identified and treated. The role of platelets and the activation of clotting factors, while still controversial, are now acknowledged as appropriate areas for research. The judicious use of blood transfusions for cerebral infarction has improved the prognosis for this complication, as it has for pregnancy and the fetus. Blood transfusion, however, has its own hazards in sickle cell disease and the extent to which it can be used requires further investigation. Finally, the broad spectrum of hematological findings and individual clinical variations in sickle cell disease is now better understood. PMID- 7022473 TI - Erythrocyte calcium abnormalities in sickle cell disease. AB - During a relatively brief tenure in the circulation, sickle erythrocytes may become dehydrated and irreversibly deformed and acquire extensive membrane damage. Abnormally high intracellular calcium concentrations may contribute to these abnormalities, as evidenced by the fact that many of them may be reproduced through ionophoric leading of normal red cells with small amounts of calcium. Sickle erythrocytes have another, possibly related, abnormality; they adhere to cultured vascular endothelium, perhaps due to the disordered (i.e., clumped) negative surface charge present on many Hb SS red cells. This endothelial adherence may have pathophysiologic significance, in that the attendant slowing of erythrocyte circulation may help initiate and propagate vascular occlusions. PMID- 7022474 TI - Membrane and endoskeletal defects in HbSS erythrocytes. PMID- 7022475 TI - The erythrocyte "cytoskeleton" and its apparent role in cellular functions. PMID- 7022476 TI - Carbon monoxide poisoning. AB - Carbon monoxide (CO) is a ubiquitous toxin that may reversibly bind various heme containing proteins in the human body. These proteins (hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome P450, cytochrome oxidase) may be bound by the CO at sites which are also responsible for O2 transport. Since the CO-heme bond is less dissociable than the O2-heme bond, severe disruption of normal O2 transport may occur. A tissue hypoxia may result causing transient or permanent damage that may appear as clinical abnormalities. Since the clinical effects of exposure are the result of local hypoxia, they tend to appear in the more oxygen dependent tissues such as the brain and heart. Specific treatment for the exposure consists of restoring O2 supplies to the deprived tissues and supporting the patient through the short and long term sequellae of the hypoxia. Since a wide variety of CO sources may cause the intoxication and the clinical presentation may mimick other diseases, medical personnel must be alert to this relatively common illness. PMID- 7022477 TI - Rotational diffusion of erythrocyte membrane proteins. AB - Rotational diffusion of band 3 proteins in human erythrocyte membranes is measured by observing flash-induced transient dichroism of the triplet probe, eosin-maleimide. At physiological temperature, both fast and slowly rotating populations of band 3 are present in the membrane. Rotational motion of band 3 is the same in membranes from young and old erythrocytes and is unchanged when the cholesterol:phospholipid mole ratio is varied from 1.34 to 1.66. Antibodies against glycophorin A immobilize band 3, indicating an association between these two integral membrane proteins. However, glycophorin A has little effect on the rotational motion of the complex, since band 3 rotation in En(a-) membranes (which lack glycophorin A) is similar to that observed in normal membranes. Cleavage of the cytoplasmic segment of band 3 by trypsin produces a considerable enhancement of band 3 rotational mobility. A similar effect is seen following extraction of bands 2.1 and 4.1 by sequential low salt-high salt treatment. It is concluded that up to 40% of band 3 has restricted rotational mobility due to interaction with the erythrocyte cytoskeleton. PMID- 7022478 TI - Selective enhancement of potassium efflux from red blood cells by lead. A comparison with the effects of calcium. PMID- 7022479 TI - HLA-DR and disease associations. AB - Recent data from the literature on the association of HLA-DR antigens with various diseases are presented. These data indicate that many diseases show stronger associations with these antigens than with other HLA-locus antigens. Included in this group are multiple sclerosis (DR2), diabetes (DR3), and pemphigus vulgaris (DR4). In earlier studies other diseases - rheumatoid arthritis and Goodpasture's syndrome, which were not found to be associated with HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens - show associations with DR4 and DR2, respectively. If population association is due to linkage disequilibrium, then the DR locus must be closer to the hypothesized disease susceptibility genes than are other HLA loci. Examination of the family data with appropriate methods of segregation and linkage analysis could clarify the genetic bases of some of these disorders. PMID- 7022480 TI - Classification and prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - It is clear that a substantial percentage of both children and adults with ALL are currently being cured with appropriate treatment. Certain clinical characteristics and the morphology and biologic features of the lymphoblast at diagnosis can be used to identify those patients who are likely to be long-term disease-free survivors with current therapy and those who need new therapeutic approaches (Table VIII). It is hoped that continued studies, such as described in this review, will allow even better separation of good and poor responders. Such identification and separation will, it is hoped, allow the good responders to be cured with minimal toxicity and the poor responders to benefit from new therapies that may allow them too to be cured. PMID- 7022481 TI - Thymosins and other hormones of the thymus gland. PMID- 7022482 TI - Lymphokines: mediators of delayed hypersensitivity. PMID- 7022483 TI - Immunoregulation in autoimmunity. PMID- 7022484 TI - Sodium meclofenamate ('Meclomen') in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind comparison with aspirin and placebo. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of sodium meclofenamate (300 mg per day) was compared with that of aspirin (3.6 g per day) and placebo in 317 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. The 8-week double-blind treatment period was preceded by a 2-week washout period on aspirin. A smaller proportion of patients on sodium meclofenamate (11%) withdrew for a lack of efficacy than did patients on aspirin (18%) or placebo (40%). Analyses of measures of tenderness, total joint involvement, duration of morning stiffness, and patient condition and global improvement revealed that the therapeutic effectiveness of 300 mg sodium meclofenamate daily and 3.6 g aspirin daily were equivalent and significantly superior to that of placebo. The principal adverse reactions with sodium meclofenamate were gastro-intestinal symptoms of which diarrhoea was the most frequently reported. The rates of adverse reaction withdrawals were similar in the three treatment groups. Sodium meclofenamate showed good control of disease activity and was generally well tolerated in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7022485 TI - Drug delivery systems. PMID- 7022486 TI - General characteristics: nomenclature of microbial toxins. PMID- 7022487 TI - Genetic aspects of toxigenesis in bacteria. PMID- 7022488 TI - Present status of chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis of animal trypanosomiasis in the Eastern hemisphere. PMID- 7022489 TI - Urethane anesthesia in rats. Altered ability to regulate hydration. AB - Anesthesia in rats produced by urethane administered intraperitoneally caused (1) peritoneal fluid accumulation; (2) inability to undergo a renal response to NaCl or water loading, and (3) pronounced hyperosmolality of body fluids without affecting plasma [Na+]. The impairment of the renal function appears not to be due to anesthesia per se, angiotensin, aldosterone, vasopressin or renal nerves. It probably is attributable to osmotoxicity of the mesenteric vasculature. By contrast, urethane administered intravenously evokes a brisk osmotic diuresis without fluid leakage into the peritoneum. Plasma osmolality is still increased. The osmotic toxicity to the mesenteric vasculature, poor renal function and altered composition of body fluids that occur after intraperitoneal urethane may complicate the interpretation of data obtained in rats anesthetized in this manner. PMID- 7022490 TI - Growth delay induced in Escherichia coli by near-ultraviolet radiation: relationship to membrane transport functions. PMID- 7022491 TI - In memoriam . . . B. David Polis--mitochondrial biochemist, discoverer of polymeric prostaglandin PGBx for prevention and therapy of damaged mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 7022492 TI - Oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial physiology: a critical review of chemiosmotic theory, and reinterpretation by the association-induction hypothesis. AB - Fundamental assumptions of the chemiosmotic hypothesis of Mitchell are examined. Comparison of these assumptions with experimental data accumulated over the past fifty years leads to the conclusion that the hypothesis has not been supported. A review of important findings concerning the physical state of the major intracellular cation potassium shows clearly that this ion does not exist in a free state but is adsorbed on specific anionic sites. These findings refute the membrane-pump theory but added powerful support for the association-induction hypothesis, on the basis of which a new mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation as well as a wide variety of mitochondrial behaviors are proposed and compared with experimental data. PMID- 7022493 TI - Computer assisted data analysis in the dye dilution technique for plasma volume measurement. PMID- 7022494 TI - Role of angiotensin-II in the polydipsia of diabetes insipidus in the Brattleboro rat. PMID- 7022495 TI - Insulin-induced drinking: an analysis of hydrational variables. PMID- 7022496 TI - A simple multiple-cannula headpiece for the rat. PMID- 7022497 TI - Long term application of behavioral treatments in essential hypertensives. PMID- 7022498 TI - The analysis of behavioural control over cardiovascular activity using pulse transit time methodology. PMID- 7022499 TI - Metabolic consequences of food restriction in rats. PMID- 7022500 TI - Pain relief in labour. The role of the physiotherapist. PMID- 7022501 TI - [Maternal and child care]. PMID- 7022503 TI - [Works in the field of nursing. 1977, part 6]. PMID- 7022502 TI - [Florence Nightingale's concept of nursing]. PMID- 7022504 TI - Complementation analysis of replication and maintenance functions of broad host range plasmids RK2 and RP1. PMID- 7022505 TI - Plasmid chromosome isolation: an improved batch procedure for large plasmids. PMID- 7022506 TI - History of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, Inc., 1931-1981: its growth, change, unity. PMID- 7022507 TI - Story of the foundation of the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery journal and reminiscences of the early formative years of plastic surgery as a specialty. PMID- 7022508 TI - Reminiscences of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, Inc., and some of its members. PMID- 7022510 TI - Inhibition of platelet aggregation with intravenous and oral administration of carboprostacyclin in man. AB - Intravenous infusion of carboprostacyclin, a chemically stable analogue of prostacyclin (PGI2) resulted in ex-vivo inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation at doses that did not produce significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate. Oral administration of relatively large doses of this compound also inhibited ex-vivo ADP-induced platelet aggregation but this was accompanied by headache, facial flush, tachycardia and changes in blood pressure. PMID- 7022509 TI - Management of contaminated bone grafts. AB - Using an experimental animal model, the infection rate of contaminated bone grafts after irrigation with either normal saline, povidone-iodine, or a cefazolin solution was evaluated. Mechanical cleansing appears to be the important factor in preventing infection in these grafts, since all the solutions showed almost equal effectiveness. As the amount of bulk and dead space increases, particularly in Pseudomonas infections, povidone-iodine might be slightly superior, although this difference was not statistically significant. PMID- 7022511 TI - Anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7022512 TI - Ambulatory management of vaginal infections, infestations, and anomalies. PMID- 7022514 TI - Psychophysiology of anxiety, fear and phobia. PMID- 7022513 TI - A multicenter controlled trial in phobic-obsessive psychoneurosis. The effect of chlorimipramine and of its combinations with haloperidol and diazepam. PMID- 7022515 TI - Anxiety states, phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Clinical picture, differential diagnostic and management. PMID- 7022516 TI - Electroencephalographic signs of anxiety. PMID- 7022517 TI - Double-blind comparative study of clomipramine and amitriptyline in obsessive neurosis. PMID- 7022518 TI - [Karl Bonhoeffer, his personality, his work, his effect]. AB - This paper is mainly based on the biographical publications of prominent pupils of Bonhoeffer's, Bonhoeffer's own memoirs and his scientific works as well as documents that still exist at the Berlin clinic. The proposal is made that on the occasion of the awarding of the Karl-Bonhoeffer Prize, which takes place every three years, a Karl-Bonhoeffer memorial lecture be read dealing with a subject connecting psychiatry and neurology. PMID- 7022519 TI - [A diagram illustrating experimental evaluation of psychotropic drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022520 TI - [EEG in the wakefulness and during sleep in endogenous depression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022521 TI - [The Q-sort technique in psychiatric researches (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022522 TI - [The use of the semantic differential technique in psychiatry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022523 TI - [Polish psychiatric literature in 1979]. PMID- 7022524 TI - The social structure of the medical model of madness and the physician's role. AB - In this paper the origins of the medical model of madness are traced in the sociohistorical context of institutional and professional development. The paper establishes the emergence of the three primary conditions necessary for the medical model to exist: (a) the view that madness is a separate ontological reality which can be differentiated from the insane person; (b) the concept that insane people do not have a completely free will and therefore cannot be held responsible for their actions; and (c) the creation of specific criteria to classify the disease into empirically derived nosologies. These conditions and their acceptance as an explanatory paradigm of insanity result from the political economy of the late Middle Ages and are reflected in the institutional arrangement for insane persons of the 17th and 18th centuries. Finally, the role of the physician-psychiatrist is explained in terms of an ability to (a) serve as a technician for the new political forces, and (b) dislodge the moral entrepreneurs and become the only profession able to offer a proper scientific and secular treatment of madness. The psychiatrist is presented as a by-product of the dominance of the medical model rather than as the agent who created it. PMID- 7022525 TI - Relative insulin insensitivity and cortisol secretion in depressed patients. AB - Relative insulin insensitivity occurs in a substantial portion of patients with major endogenous depressions, and about half such cases also hypersecrete cortisol in the afternoon and evening. This study assessed the relation between these two abnormalities in 16 patients with major endogenous depression. Over several days, insulin tolerance tests (ITTs) were performed in the morning and evening, and measures of cortisol secretion taken: plasma cortisol at 0800, 1600, and 2300 hours, both before and after dexamethasone; baseline cortisol before ITTs; and mean 24-hour plasma cortisol concentrations (in 10 cases). After clinical recovery, some of these patients had repeat ITTs (n = 10) and repeat predexamethasone and postdexamethasone cortisol assessments (n = 9). Additionally two control groups of 15 normal subjects and of 12 schizophrenic patients received morning ITTs. None of the control subjects manifested insulin insensitivity. However, during illness, 8 of the 16 depressed patients manifested relative insulin insensitivity (glucose drop less than 50%, glucose nadir greater than 50 mg/dl); compared to the insulin responsive depressed group, the insensitive group had insignificantly greater afternoon and evening cortisol secretion by nearly all indices. After clinical recovery, hypoglycemic response for the entire group was significantly greater than during illness; this improvement was accounted for by the increased insulin responsivity of the previously insulin resistant subgroup. There was also substantial plasma cortisol reduction in the previously insulin resistant group after clinical recovery, but not in the insulin sensitive group. PMID- 7022526 TI - Freud, Theodor Lipps, and "scientific psychology". AB - Freud's "scientific psychology" is traced from 1888 to 1938 in the succession of mental apparatuses he proposed. The key proposition, for which he shared credit with Theodor Lipps after 1898, holds that consciousness is a sense organ for detecting and translating the unknown inner reality of the unconscious. The significance of this approach from the standpoint of the methodology, constructions, and metapsychology of psychoanalysis is considered and compared with other views of metapsychology now current. PMID- 7022527 TI - Cerebral laterality and psychopathology: fact and fiction. PMID- 7022529 TI - On pseudo-hallucinations. PMID- 7022528 TI - Michel Foucault: the anti-history of psychiatry. PMID- 7022530 TI - Suicide in England and Wales: an analysis of 100 years, 1876-1975. AB - The variations in suicide mortality in England and Wales over a 100-year period (1876-1975) are explained by the development of a descriptive model. The model used in a stepwise linear regression using 5 variables including toxic gas production. The variables give a good description of the observed changes in suicide mortality. The limitations of the method and the data are discussed. Despite the limitations of the method, it can be concluded that toxic gas production affected total suicide mortality. PMID- 7022531 TI - Lack of effect of naloxone and schizophrenic auditory hallucinations. PMID- 7022532 TI - Social work effectiveness in the management of depressed women: a clinical trial. PMID- 7022533 TI - Chlorosis -the "green sickness". AB - The literature of the nineteenth century often referred to chlorosis. Some examples, taken from French sources, are mentioned. The illness was only given its name at the beginning of the seventeenth century, but the clinical picture of febris alba virginum had been known for a long time previously. The history of chlorosis is interesting because of the variety of explanations, including the psychological, it attracted before it came to be recognized as due to hypochromic anaemia or iron deficiency. PMID- 7022534 TI - Electromyograph biofeedback as a relaxation technique: a critical appraisal and reassessment. PMID- 7022535 TI - The transcendental meditation technique and acute experimental pain. AB - The Transcendental Meditation (TM) technique decreases the distress associated with the experience of acute experimental pain. Fifteen advanced mediators and 15 controls were administered the cold pressor test before and after a 20 minute period of meditation (TM group) or relaxation (control group). Verbal reports of the intensity of pain sensation and pain distress were obtained at intervals during the cold pressor trials. Skin resistance and heart rate were measured throughout. The mean distress level for the TM group was significantly lower than controls during both trials; the mean pain sensation level for the TM group did not differ significantly from controls during either trial. Heart rate and skin resistant changed for both groups in the expected manner, with no significant differences between groups. The validity, implications, and possible causes of these results are discussed. PMID- 7022536 TI - Dr Henry James Paine: medical officer of health for Cardiff 1853-1889. PMID- 7022537 TI - A comparison of the effects of prostaglandins E2 and I2 on renal function and renin release in salt-loaded and salt-depleted anaesthetized dogs. AB - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandins I2 (PGI2) were infused into the renal artery of either sodium-loaded or sodium-depleted dogs. Systemic blood pressure was decreased and arterial plasma renin concentration increased in the sodium loaded dogs by infusion of PGI2 (1200 ng/min). Both compounds increased renal blood flow but PGE2 had a much more potent effect than PGI2 on increasing urine flow and sodium excretion. In the sodium-depleted dogs systemic blood pressure was significantly decreased and arterial plasma renin concentration increased by infusions of PGI2 (300 and 1200 ng/min) and PGE2 (300 ng/min). Both compounds stimulated urine flow and renal blood flow but PGE2 induced a much larger increase in sodium excretion than PGI2. PGI2 exerts its actions on renal function by inducing vasodilatation whereas PGE2 also has a direct action on tubular function. PMID- 7022538 TI - The possible involvement of aspartate receptors in central thermoregulation in the sheep. AB - Experiments have been done to investigate the possible existence of aspartate receptors on the hypothalamic pathways which control thermoregulation in the sheep. The effect of intracerebroventricular (I.C.V.) injections of the excitatory amino acid receptor blocker DL-alpha, epsilon-aminopimelic acid (DAPA) on thermoregulatory effector mechanisms and rectal temperature (Tre) has been examined in sheep at different ambient temperatures. At low ambient temperatures, DAPA causes a decrease in heat production and conservation and a fall in Tre. At higher ambient temperatures there is some evidence for a decrease in heat loss and a rise in Tre. DAPA attenuated the stimulatory effect on heat production/conservation mechanisms produced by I.C.V. injections of L-aspartate but was without effect on the thermoregulatory responses to I.C.V. injections of carbachol and 5-hydroxytryptamine or I.V. injections of a pyrogen. I.C.V. injections of the L-aspartate analogue, N-methyl-DL-aspartate produced similar effects to L-aspartate. The results provide support for the suggestion that aspartate receptors may be present on the hypothalamic pathway between cold sensors and heat-production/conservation effectors. Evidence for the existence of such receptors on the pathway between warm-sensors and heat-loss effectors remains scant. PMID- 7022539 TI - Hypertension following renal transplantation: the role of the host's kidney. AB - Renin, aldosterone and exchangeable sodium were measured in 38 hypertensive and 56 normotensive renal transplant recipients with good renal function and without renal artery stenosis. Response to competitive blockade of angiotensin II using saralasin was studied in 20 of the hypertensive group. Hypertension was uncommon when bilateral nephrectomy had been performed. When diseased kidneys remained in situ, blood pressure after transplantation correlated well with blood pressure on dialysis. Plasma renin activity was higher in hypertensive patients despite higher exchangeable sodium levels. Urinary aldosterone was also higher and correlated well with blood pressure and plasma renin activity. Angiotensin II blockade produced a fall in blood pressure proportional to plasma renin activity. These observations suggest that hypersecretion of renin is an aetiological factor in the hypertension of renal transplant recipients. It appears to act both through the stimulation of aldosterone secretion, with resultant salt retention, and through the direct vasoconstrictor action of angiotensin II. Since renin levels were lower in patients subjected to bilateral nephrectomy the source of the excess renin is probably the host's kidneys. PMID- 7022540 TI - Hypercalcaemia--a hospital survey. AB - In order to provide information about the prevalence of hypercalcaemia and its different causes, a retrospective survey was carried out in all hospital in patients in whom serum calcium was elevated. Six hundred and forty-four cases were seen in two years and eight months, but a number of these were excluded as being spurious measurements leaving 496 cases of genuine hypercalcaemia. Four hundred and sixty-nine records (95 per cent) were successfully traced and analysed. Two hundred and nineteen cases of hypercalcaemia with malignancy were found together with 68 cases with chronic renal failure and 59 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. In 102 cases no cause was identified. PMID- 7022541 TI - Unsuspected hypoglycaemia, haemoglobin A1 and diabetic control. AB - Control of diabetes in a group of 82 insulin-treated diabetics was assessed by in patient 24-hour plasma glucose profiles and haemoglobin A1 (HbA1) estimation. Thirty-two of these patients (39 per cent) had hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose less than or equal to 2 mmol/l) which was rarely associated with symptoms. Twenty seven (61 per cent) of 44 patients who took a series of out-patient pre-prandial capillary blood samples over a three-day period had hypoglycaemia. Conventional measurements of diabetic control including fasting plasma glucose and HbA1, were lower in patients with hypoglycaemia than in those without. Rebound hyperglycaemia following hypoglycaemia was not seen and its absence was not due to diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Cortisol/creatinine ratios in early morning urine samples were similar in patients with and without nocturnal hypoglycaemia, consistent with the absence or rebound hyperglycaemia. Diabetic retinopathy was less prevalent in patients with hypoglycaemia, possibly reflecting better long term diabetic control in this group. HbA1 concentration reflects overall blood glucose control in diabetes but near-normal levels must be interpreted with caution since they may be associated with recurrent hypoglycaemia. PMID- 7022542 TI - [Surgical methods related to odontogenic myxomas]. PMID- 7022543 TI - [Verification of the bactericidal and yeast-killing capacity of various anti microbial agents (disinfectants) used in dentistry]. PMID- 7022544 TI - Congenital heart diseases. PMID- 7022545 TI - Folding up a transfer RNA molecule is not simple. AB - For much of its history, molecular biology has concerned itself with the implications and consequences of the "Central Dogma" (Crick, 1958): DNA leads to RNA leads to protein. This "pathway" is of course atypical in that it describes, not chemical interconversions, but rather the flow of information from gene to product. It has been only recently appreciated, however, that in those cases where the final gene product is an RNA molecule, this pathway is not simply truncated. To the contrary, in virtually every instance for which sufficient data are now available, it is found that the RNA transcript is subject to a series of reactions in which the primary gene product undergoes nucleotide additions, deletions, and modifications. The set of biosynthetic reactions that intervene between transcription of the gene and production of the mature functional product is collectively referred to as RNA processing. It now appears that the existence of these complex biosynthetic events cannot always be adequately explained by the necessity to overcome otherwise insurmountable topological or energetic constraints: the final product can, at least in some cases, "self-assemble." The genesis of transfer RNA by this indirect route appears to insure the delivery of a functional product, at the right rate, at the right time. We suggest, moreover, that this process is primarily determined by recognition of some of the same structural elements in the precursor that are required for the function of the mature tRNA molecule. PMID- 7022546 TI - Bacteriophage T4 morphogenesis as a model for assembly of subcellular structure. AB - The sequence of steps in bacteriophage T4 assembly has been elucidated by using a combination of genetic, biochemical, and ultrastructural techniques. The phage head, tail, and tail fibers are assembled via independent pathways, and then are jointed to form the complete virus. Current knowledge of these three pathways is reviewed briefly. Two general insights emerging from phage assembly studies are (1) a realization of the importance of kinetic controls, and (2) recognition of the role of nonstructural accessory proteins in assembly. Controls of protein association rates by a proposed heterocooperation mechanism can account for the strict sequential ordering of steps in complex self-assembly pathways such as that of T4 tail assembly. The same mechanism can explain how proteins capable of polymorphic assembly are induced to form correct structures rather than aberrant ones of similar stability. Nonstructural accessory proteins provide additional means for enhancing rates of interactions of specific structural proteins by mechanisms that may be analogous to those of enzyme catalysis. The insights gained from bacteriophage assembly probably apply to organellogenesis in general. PMID- 7022547 TI - Building bacterial flagella. AB - Most bacterial movement is the result of the action of a subcellular structure, the flagellar organelle. Bacterial flagella propel the cell by rotating, and this rotation is regulated in response to information transmitted by chemoreceptors on the surface of the cell. Rotation is driven by a motor anchored in the cell membrane. To understand such processes as the assembling of flagellar organelles, energy transduction to produce flagellar rotation, and the integration of sensory information necessary for chemotaxis, one prerequisite is the determination of the architecture of flagella. Emphasis is given here to experimental approaches using Escherichia coli and Salmonella in order to identify the flagellar components and to determine how these components are used to construct the functional organelle. The purification of apparently intact organelles has revealed an intricate structure composed to at least 11 polypeptide components. Genetic techniques have been developed which enable the identification of the components of the flagellar system. More than 35 genes which are necessary for flagellar function have been defined in E. coli, and the gene products of 17 of the genes have been identified. From such genetic studies, it is apparent that the flagellar system is complex and includes many elements in addition to those found in the intact flagellar structures purified from the cell membrane. Proteins required for energy and sensory transduction have been identified and located in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. Since these components are not integral parts of the isolated organelle, it is clear that flagellar movement requires the interaction of several functionally distinct and spatially separate systems. The organelle appears to be constructed in discrete stages consisting of the sequential association of individual components. As with bacteriophage assembly, some flagellar proteins function not as structural components, but to regulate the assembly of the organelle. A structural variation is found in Salmonella, which have the ability to alternately express one of two components of the flagellar filament. The unique genetic control mechanism regulating this structural variation is discussed. PMID- 7022548 TI - Correlation between glycemic and insulin curves. PMID- 7022550 TI - The administrative units used for water supply purposes in Northern Ireland from 1828. PMID- 7022549 TI - Genetic control of repair of radiation damage produced under euoxic and anoxic conditions in diploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7022551 TI - [Risk of application of contrast medium in computed tomography (author's transl)]. AB - The paper deals with the risk associated with the application of contrast medium in CT. The risk is to be seen in intolerance reactions, such as allergic or circulatory reactions and neurotoxic side-effects. In this paper the problems of renal failure caused by the injection of contrast medium are given special attention. Furthermore an iodine-induced hyperthyreosis might result. Especially the possible disturbance of the kidney function means that contrast medium should not be applied arbitrarily and that the examination should be done only by experienced staff. Furthermore the indication for the application of contrast medium in CT should be strictly qualified. PMID- 7022552 TI - [Sodium salts or methylglucamine salts in contrast media for infusion pyelography? (author's transl)]. AB - Tolerance of two contrast media was compared by a double blind study. High doses of iodine (45 g) were used for both contrast substances. Sodium Ioglicinate was giving best radiological contrast but produced more side-effects, especially nausea, as compared to Methylglucamine-Ioglicinate. On the contrary Methylglucamine-Ioglicinate did not give best density but did produce less side effects. Thus the investigator has to consider very carefully, which of the compounds has to be preferred. PMID- 7022553 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of genetic recombination--homologous pairing of DNA molecules by recA protein of E. coli (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022554 TI - [New endogenous "big" enkephalins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022555 TI - [Chemical studies of enkephalin precursors in adrenal medulla (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022556 TI - [Biochemistry of salmon pro-opiocortin related hormones--bi-prohormonal hypothesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022557 TI - [Kyotorphin as an enkephalin releasing factor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022558 TI - [The radionuclide angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022560 TI - [Complications of contrasting examinations of heart and large vessels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022559 TI - Regulation of blood pressure by prostaglandin-kinin interactions. PMID- 7022561 TI - [Prognostic indices in recent myocardial infarction, its significance and possibilities of practical use (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022562 TI - [Basic problems in cancer therapy by combination of hyperthermia and radiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022564 TI - [Associazione Italiana di Radiologia Medica e Medicina Nucleare. Official list of members 1980]. PMID- 7022563 TI - [The 2nd quality control survey for radioisotope in vitro tests in Japan, 1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022565 TI - Cardiovascular effects of centrally administered angiotensin II. PMID- 7022566 TI - [Periodontal disease and diabetes. Critical review]. PMID- 7022567 TI - [Overdentures]. PMID- 7022568 TI - [Dental society of Rio de la Plata, 1897-98]. PMID- 7022569 TI - [Esthetics and mechanics in posterior teeth]. PMID- 7022570 TI - [Questions and answers on complete dentures]. PMID- 7022571 TI - [Transfer of free bone with microvascular anastomoses]. PMID- 7022572 TI - [Plasma concentrations after inoculation of benzathine penicillin]. PMID- 7022573 TI - [Continuous suture in a single layer, extramucous, without previous hemostasis, in gastrojejunoanastomosis, in dogs]. PMID- 7022574 TI - [Anatomical references to the mounting of artificial teeth in a complete denture]. PMID- 7022575 TI - [Up-date on the treatment of oral herpes]. PMID- 7022576 TI - [Etiology of periodontal disease. Classifications]. PMID- 7022577 TI - [Properties of non-precious metals in metal-ceramics]. PMID- 7022578 TI - Alterations in the morphology of the external genitalia of Panstrongylus megistus (Burm., 1835), caused by treatment with a juvenile hormone analogue (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae). PMID- 7022579 TI - Genetic and physico-chemical studies in quantitative haptoglobin variants found in Porto Alegre. PMID- 7022580 TI - [Direct cementation in the middle of brackets in orthodontics]. PMID- 7022581 TI - [Kidney transplant from a living donor relative. Comparative study of the recipients of HLA identical and haploidentical kidneys]. PMID- 7022582 TI - [Changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system during graduated ergometric tests in patients with essential arterial hypertension and in normal controls]. PMID- 7022583 TI - [Ankylosing spondyloarthritis, a form developing from post-salmonellosis rheumatism]. PMID- 7022584 TI - [Cure of a case of dialysis dementia]. PMID- 7022585 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the uterus. (3. Results, comments and discussion)]. PMID- 7022586 TI - [Urate nephropathy]. PMID- 7022587 TI - [Modern trends in the diagnosis and therapy of prostatitis]. PMID- 7022588 TI - [Legionnaires' disease]. PMID- 7022589 TI - [Pathogenesis of hypertensive myocardiopathy]. PMID- 7022590 TI - [Caffeine and oral contraceptives]. PMID- 7022591 TI - Prostate cancer. Nuclear medicine. PMID- 7022592 TI - Prostate cancer. Surgery. PMID- 7022593 TI - Prostate cancer. Endocrine and cytotoxic therapy. PMID- 7022594 TI - Prostate cancer. Perspectives and prospects. PMID- 7022595 TI - Myelomeningocele: a review and update. PMID- 7022596 TI - Increase of low-Km NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase activity in the brain by chronic treatment of rats with barbital. AB - Kinetics studies showed two apparent Km values for p-nitrobenzaldehyde. The high Km aldehyde reductase (ALR) had a lower Ki value for barbital than the low-Km ALR. The value for maximal velocity (Vmax) for the high-Km ALR was not changed by chronic barbital treatment. However, the Vmax value for the low-Km ALR was significantly increased by chronic barbital treatment. These results suggest that during barbital treatment low-Km ALR which is less sensitive to barbital is induced in compensation for the decreased aldehyde metabolizing capacity of brain. PMID- 7022597 TI - Effects of traumatic manipulations on grafts, sutures, and host arteries during vascular surgery procedures. Experiments on dogs. AB - Scanning electron microscopy was used to diagnose incidents of trauma and the pattern of healing following surgical implantation of microporous blood vessel substitutes. Vascular reconstruction procedures using autogenous or synthetic prosthetic material inflict damage to the adjacent tissues as well as the prosthesis. This affects the thrombotic behavior and healing pattern of the area. The prognosis for long-term success are, as a consequence, directly influenced. Various vessel-occluding devices were evaluated in canine models with respect to their ability to damage blood vessels at the clamped site. The impact of suture needles on tissues and prosthetic materials was also considered. Of the various vessel-clamping devices which are commercially available, those which have elastomeric shields on the clamping components were found to be most satisfactory. The development of less traumatic surgical devices is discussed with the aim of further reducing surgical trauma. PMID- 7022598 TI - [Pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin in healthy volunteers. Description using a two-component pharmacokinetic model]. PMID- 7022599 TI - [Post graduate training in the University of Chile Faculty of Medicine: recent history (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022600 TI - [Renal autotransplantion in patients with reno-vascular hypertension. Late results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022601 TI - [Hepatitis B vaccines: present and future (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022602 TI - [The treatable dementias of the adult. Etiology, diagnosis and treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022603 TI - [Infectious endocarditis: clinical and therapeutical aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022604 TI - Feodor Lynen (1911-1979). PMID- 7022605 TI - Control, Modulation, and regulation of cell calcium. PMID- 7022606 TI - Calcium transport in the kidney. PMID- 7022607 TI - Recent developments in autoimmunity. AB - Contemporary immunology has revolutionized our concepts of the immune system, bringing recognition of self into sharp focus as perhaps the major biological phenomenon upon which even recognition of foreignness may depend. The impact of this phenomenon on our understanding of autoimmune diseases is emphasized in this article. Autoimmune diseases are truly multifactorial. Genetic, viral and hormonal factors are extremely important in pathogenesis. Animal models for autoimmune diseases offer great promise for working out pathogenetic mechanisms and for devising new and more rational modes of therapy. PMID- 7022608 TI - [The field of clinical chemistry. Role of the clinical biochemist and his training as a specialist]. PMID- 7022609 TI - The behaviour of some biologic parameters in obese patients after short-term exercise under restrictive diets. AB - Seven obese female patients with a mean age of 40 have received for 3-4 days a diet of 1000 cal followed by a diet of 300 cal/day. At the end of each period of diet, the patients performed an exercise of 75 watts for 15 min on the ergometric bicycle. Some biologic parameters determined before, as well as 15 min and 60 min after exercise did not show important differences in terms of the diet applied. Glycemia was constantly low, while glucagon, lactate and free fatty acids (FFA) values rose, particularly within the 15 min following exercise. After the same interval, insulinemia was unchanged or even increased. These results support the opinion that, even under restrictive diets, the reaction of obese patients to a short-term exercise is similar to that of normal weight subjects, their sources of energy being the same. The behaviour of insulinemia, which did not change or even increased, while in normal weight subjects it decreases on exercise, might be due to a lesser epinephrine activity in obese patients and/or a lesser FFA release from the adipose tissue. PMID- 7022610 TI - [Growth and differentiation in vitro of Trypanosoma cruzi strains isolated from wild animals]. PMID- 7022611 TI - [Intra-orbital phlegmon due to trauma from a dental prosthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022612 TI - [Continuing education 1981-1982 (Directory)]. PMID- 7022613 TI - [Immunofluorescent examination in oligosymptomatic nephropathies]. PMID- 7022614 TI - [Histochemistry of peptidases in jejunal biopsies of patients with malabsorption syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022615 TI - Comparison of three anaerobic culture techniques amd media for viable recovery of subgingival plaque bacteria. AB - Various methods are available for viable recovery of bacteria from subgingival plaque, but their relative efficiency is not clear. In the first experiment, with 10 patients, three anaerobic techniques (Brewer jars, chamber and role tubes) and three agar media (trypticase soy with 5% sheep blood (TS), brucella agar with 5% blood and 0.5 microgram/ml of menadione (B), and modified medium 10 with 3% blood (MM 10) were compared. In the second experiment, with another 10 patients, Brewer jars were compared with a glove box, using TS. Subgingival plaque was sampled with a gas flushed broach passed through a syringe. Significance of differences in viable recoveries was determined by ANOVA. Brewer jars and chamber (aerobic plating) were comparable in efficiency, but excelled roll tubes (anaerobic inoculation). TS was better than B, but equivalent to MM 10. TS in Brewer jars (aerobic plating) matched TS in the glove box (anaerobic plating), but performed better than all the other procedures tested. Recoveries did not differ on pre- and non-prereduced plates and on commercial and laboratory, freshly made plates. Non-evacuated jars sealed inside the box (anaerobic plating) provided lower recoveries than jars evacuated, filled and sealed outside (aerobic plating). Roll tubes benefited most by extending incubation from 7 to 14d. Commercial, non prereduced TS agar plates incubated in Brewer jars of a glove; box are highly recommendable methods for processing of subgingival plaque. PMID- 7022616 TI - Distribution of blood antigen H in human buccal epithelium of secretors and non secretors. AB - The distribution of blood group antigen H in human buccal epithelium was examined in 22 individuals, 16 secretors and six non-secretors of blood group antigens in the saliva. An extract of Ulex europeus was used as marker of blood group antigen H in a triple layer immunofluorescence technique. The cell membranes of the spinous cell layer stained positively in all individuals, whereas the basal cells reacted negatively. Secretors and non-secretors had similar distributions of blood group antigen H in the buccal epithelium. However, a significantly higher amount of blood group antigen H was found in secretors than in non-secretors. The study indicates that an extract of Ulex europeus is a valuable marker for blood group antigen H in studying the distribution of this antigen in oral epithelium. PMID- 7022617 TI - The effect of split skin allografts on wound epithelialization from autologous patch grafts. An experimental study in rabbits. AB - To compare the healing time of standardized wounds partly covered with autologous patch skin grafts, and wounds totally covered with a combination of allografts and autologous patch grafts 10 rabbits, each with two standardized wounds, were used. On each rabbit one wound was partially transplanted with 6 autologous patch grafts 9 mm in diameter. The patches covered 6% of the wound area. The second wound was covered with a rabbit skin allograft with six holes 7 mm in diameter. In these holes 6 autologous patch grafts, 9 mm in diameter were placed (intermingled transplantation of auto- and allografts). The average healing time for the ten wounds treated with autografts only was 39.8 days and for the wounds covered with auto- and allografts 21.6 days. This shows that the same amount of autologous skin epithelialized a wound area about 17 times larger than itself nearly twice as fast if the wound surface between the autografts was covered with allografts than if it was protected by a dressing only. PMID- 7022618 TI - Mandibular reconstruction using the preformed autologous bone graft. AB - Preformed bone grafts (PBG) were inserted in large jaw bone defects in 5 patients. The grafts in all cases healed-in rapidly. Two patients died of metastatic sarcoma 1 year after grafting. The other patients are healthy with excellently functioning grafts 3, 5 and 8 years after transplantation, respectively. The preformation of bone grafts is, however, regarded as a resource consuming technique that should be used only in selected cases of mandibular reconstruction. Particularly in young individuals, the better results achieved with PBG, in comparison with other types of grafts, seem to justify the more complicated surgical procedure. Apart from a description of the preformation technique, the present paper also introduces advice as how to minimally traumatize the hard tissues in bone graft surgery. PMID- 7022619 TI - Elongation in profundus tendon repair. A clinical and radiological study. AB - A radiographical study of 63 digits with tendon lacerations within the digital sheath is presented. 60 of these digits were evaluated clinically 6-36 months (mean 15 months) after surgery. At primary tendon repair one wire marker was placed on each side of the repair site in the profundus tendon. The distance between the markers was measured at operation and postoperatively on 3 different occasions on radiograms. The results showed that increase of the distance between the markers by more than 5 mm, considered to indicate elongation in the suture, occurred in 25 out of 59 repaired profundus tendons (42%) and in most instances this happened during the period of immobilization. The cause of elongation could be identified in 9 digits. In 5 it was due to rupture of the suture material, the tendons being repaired with 5-0 Flexon steel wire. In the other 4 digits, sutured with 4-0 Silky Polydec, slipping of the knot was revealed at reoperation. There was a strong correlation between increased distance between the markers and a poor outcome, elongation being the most frequent cause. PMID- 7022620 TI - Short and medium-term variations in mortality in Finland. A study on cyclic variations, annual and weekly periods and certain irregular changes in mortality in Finland during period 1868--1972. PMID- 7022621 TI - Mitochondrial injury and autophagocytosis within the myocardial cell after the cold ischaemic anoxic asystole. AB - Right atrial myocardial biopsies were excised in the course of prosthetic aortic valve replacement operation from eight consecutive patients 1) before starting the extracorporeal circulation (controls) and 2) after the cold ischaemic anoxic asystole (aortic cross-clamping (50-70 min) during general hypothermia (30 degrees C) associated with local cardiac cooling with +4 degrees C saline solution and subsequent coronary reperfusion (20-30 min, until decannulation), and immediately processed for electron microscopy. In most cases no or only minimal changes were observed. These patients made a smooth recovery. In one case very severe damage was seen: extreme swelling, clearing and paling of the matrix, disruption of the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, distortion, disruption and loss of the cristae and lamellar degeneration and vacuolization of the mitochondria. Huge amounts of large secondary lysosomal bodies in different stages of autodigestion were seen in company with the degenerating mitochondria. Also this patient ultimately recovered after a long-lasting low output syndrome. Pre- and intra-operatively until weaning from the cardiopulmonary bypass, nothing distinguished clinically this case with autophagocytosis from the other cases. The occurrence of autophagocytosis has been described earlier in relation to an irreversible lethal damage following extended normothermic ischaemia. Obviously this phenomenon may be associated also with sublethal myocardial injury occurring despite attempts to myocardial preservation by local cardiac cooling. PMID- 7022622 TI - [Frequency of Escherichia coli resistance in Switzerland]. AB - Monitoring the drug resistance of bacteria is necessary at regional, national and international levels. Over a two-week period in October 1978, 2561 strains of Escherichia coli and coliforms were isolated from stool specimens obtained from 19 civilian institutions (1338 strains) and from 9 army training camps (1223 strains) located all over Switzerland. Only a few of the donors had undergone recent antimicrobial therapy. The bacterial strains were rapidly distributed among 7 Swiss army microbiological field laboratories and tested for resistance against ampicillin, gentamycin, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole by standard disc diffusion techniques. Criteria for the interpretation of inhibition zones were adapted from WHO and NCCLS guidelines. E. coli ATCC 25922 served as a control strain. The overall resistance rates of E. coli and coliforms were 18% for ampicillin, 0.3% for gentamycin, 33% for tetracycline and 4% for cotrimoxazole. Multiple drug resistance patterns involving these four drugs plus sulfisoxazole, streptomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, cefalothin and colistin were analyzed. Many combinations of drug resistances occurred in far higher numbers than was expected from individual drug resistance frequencies, a fact which suggested linkage of resistance genes. The resistance frequencies observed were shown by several tests of reproducibility to be subject to a modest overall error of approximately 20%. PMID- 7022623 TI - [Control of the juvenile diabetic with the insulin dosage device: indications and uses]. AB - The Clinitest was used to assess the effect of inpatient treatment in 24 labile insulin-dependent diabetics with a portable open loop insulin infusion device. The Clinitest results one month prior to hospitalization were compared with those during 3 months following inpatient treatment. During the first month after the hospital stay 21 patients (88%) were better controlled. Only 15 (63%) maintained better control for the whole period of 3 months. After the hospital stay the patients experienced an average of 4 more slight hypoglycemic episodes than before hospitalization. In patients who were better controlled for the whole period of 3 months the insulin dose had been adjusted considerably. Besides inadequate daily adjustment of the insulin dose, half the patients were not sufficiently motivated and did not cooperate with their diabetologists. One third of the patients did not follow a diet and one fifth practiced inadequate insulin injection techniques. These were the major causes of poor control prior to hospitalization. The results show that short term treatment with an open loop insulin infusion device is worth while for all diabetics in whom less than one third of all Clinitests are sugarfree, and also for all those in whom there are doubts about the actual insulin requirement. PMID- 7022624 TI - [The story of discovery of insulin]. PMID- 7022625 TI - Physical activity and coronary heart disease. PMID- 7022626 TI - The porphyrias: an example of pharmacogenetic disease. PMID- 7022627 TI - Advances in the management of breast cancer: physician and surgeon. PMID- 7022628 TI - Neonatal tetanus in St Kilda. AB - Neonatal tetanus was prevalent in the Scottish Islands in the 18th and 19th centuries. In the island of St Kilda, neonatal mortality reached 690 per 1,000 live births, and was passively accepted by the community. Many speculative ideas concerning its aetiology were propounded until unsanitary conditions were counteracted by simple measures of hygiene in caring for the newborn babies. PMID- 7022629 TI - John Carswell: a pioneer in Scottish psychiatry. AB - John Carswell was an outstanding pioneer in Scottish Psychiatry in the latter 19th and early 20th century. His innovative work at a time of benevolent custodial care entailed the development of new patterns of psychiatric service, notably the inception of psychiatric treatment in the context of the general hospital. He also displayed an advanced awareness of community aspects of psychiatric illness. PMID- 7022630 TI - Bas clann Domhnuill: The death of clan Donald. PMID- 7022631 TI - Centennial edition: The South Dakota State Medical Association. PMID- 7022632 TI - Watertown District Medical Society (No. 2). PMID- 7022633 TI - Synopsis of the Brookings-Madison District medical community (No. 3). PMID- 7022634 TI - Huron District Medical Society (No. 5). PMID- 7022635 TI - Seventh District Medical Society (Sioux Falls). PMID- 7022636 TI - Yankton District Medical Society (No. 8). PMID- 7022637 TI - History of Northwest District Medical Association (No. 11). PMID- 7022638 TI - Whetstone Valley District Medical Society (No. 12). PMID- 7022639 TI - A brief history of South Dakota Academy of Ophthalmology & Otorhinolaryngology. PMID- 7022640 TI - The roots of family practice in South Dakota. PMID- 7022642 TI - The history of radiology in South Dakota. PMID- 7022641 TI - Development of the South Dakota Psychiatric Association. PMID- 7022643 TI - Pediatrics in South Dakota. PMID- 7022644 TI - History of South Dakota Society of Internal Medicine. PMID- 7022645 TI - A brief history of pathology in South Dakota. PMID- 7022646 TI - History of the South Dakota State Department of Health (1891-1950). PMID- 7022647 TI - A history of South Dakota Blue Shield. PMID- 7022648 TI - First graduate--USD School of Medicine. Lyle Hare, M.D. family practitioner. PMID- 7022649 TI - History of the South Dakota State Medical Association Auxiliary 1910-1981. PMID- 7022651 TI - Aberdeen District Medical Society (No. 1). 1957-1981. PMID- 7022650 TI - Medical highlights in south dakota--the first 100 years of the South Dakota State Medical association. PMID- 7022652 TI - In vitro cultivation of the exoerythrocytic stage of Plasmodium berghei from sporozoites. AB - When inoculated with sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei, the human embryonic lung cell line WI38 supports the complete asexual developmental cycle of the exoerythrocytic stage. Cultured parasites were sensitive to primaquine, were shown to resemble parasites in living hosts by immunofluorescent antibody tests, and on subinoculation into mice induced a red blood cell infection, the gametocytes of which produced sporozoites in anopheline mosquitoes. PMID- 7022653 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of a testicular substance related to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - A substance related to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone was demonstrated, by immunohistochemical procedures, in the cytoplasm of interstitial cells within the rat testes. In many seminiferous tubules, nuclei of spermatogonial cells were also immunopositive. Both cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of testicular homogenates contain immunoreactive compounds, and this report identifies which cell types contain this substance. The localization of a peptide hormone within the nucleus of a target cell population may indicate its mode of action. PMID- 7022654 TI - The essential trace elements. AB - Essential trace elements are required by man in amounts ranging from 50 micrograms to 18 milligrams per day. Acting as catalytic or structural components of larger molecules, they have specific functions and are indispensable for life. Research during the past quarter of a century has identified as essential six trace elements whose functions were previously unknown. In addition to the long known deficiencies of iron and iodine, signs of deficiency for chromium, copper, zinc, and selenium have been identified in free-living populations. Four trace elements were proved to be essential for two or more animal species during the past decade alone. Marginal or severe trace element imbalances can be considered risk factors for several diseases of public health importance, but proof of cause and effect relationships will depend on a more complete understanding of basic mechanisms of action and on better analytical procedures and functional tests to determine marginal trace element status in man. PMID- 7022655 TI - Sir Isaac Newton: mad as a hatter. PMID- 7022656 TI - The use of intravenous low-dose insulin infusion in the intrapartum management of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7022657 TI - Exercise prescription. PMID- 7022658 TI - The spinous process: the forgotten appendage. AB - The spinous process (SP) is often neglected in the radiologic examination of the spine. Proper coning decreases scattered radiation to the SP's in the lateral view. Lateral zonography (thick cut tomography) is occasionally needed in the thoracic region. In the anteroposterior view paying attention to alignment of the SP's and the distance between them will help in the diagnosis of fracture and/or dislocation. Examination of the spinolaminal line (i.e. the line joining the base of the SP's) on the lateral view is also important in looking for the alignment of the vertebra in trauma. Local absence of indistinctiveness of the spinolaminal line may be recognized in spina bifida or when an osteolytic process involves the cortex in this area. The SP itself is involved, with or without the remainder of the vertebra, in metastatic or primary carcinoma, in trauma, rheumatoid arthritis and Paget's disease and in primary benign tumors. PMID- 7022659 TI - [Observations on nursing care in psychiatry. Patient care team of Castelluccio]. PMID- 7022660 TI - [Legislation of mental disorders]. PMID- 7022661 TI - [Introduction to the psychiatric sector, definitions and historical aspects]. PMID- 7022662 TI - [The body in psychotherapy: psychotherapy of relaxation]. PMID- 7022663 TI - [Psychoanalysis, the advent of an original knowledge (Sigmund Freud)]. PMID- 7022664 TI - Myocardial abscess caused by Streptococcus agalactiae: successful diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7022665 TI - Group A streptococcal meningitis without predisposing factors. PMID- 7022666 TI - Retropharyngeal abscess, mediastinitis, and pleural effusion complicating streptococcal facial erysipelas. PMID- 7022667 TI - Cutaneous cryptococcosis mimicking gram-positive cellulitis in a renal transplant patient. PMID- 7022668 TI - Ocular toxoplasmosis after renal transplantation. PMID- 7022669 TI - Mild hypertension: is it important? AB - Neither blood pressure measurements nor other clinical features permit an entirely adequate characterization of individuals having mild hypertension. However, although any definition of mild hypertension is arbitrary, the concept is firmly established in clinical practice and such classifications can prove useful as operational diagnoses. The relative risk of subjects with mild hypertension is less than that in subjects with moderate or severe hypertension. However, the prevalence, and thus the population-attributable risk, of mild hypertension is far greater than that of the more severe forms of hypertension. Thus, mild hypertension clearly constitutes a public health problem of considerable importance. Increasing evidence suggests that antihypertensive drug therapy can not only normalize the blood pressure of patients with mild hypertension but can also reduce the morbidity and mortality that occur in the untreated state. PMID- 7022670 TI - Possible recurrence of Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 7022671 TI - [History of the campaign against alcoholism in Latvia]. PMID- 7022672 TI - [From the history of social activism]. PMID- 7022673 TI - [V.V. Paevskii and his book "Elements of Statistics" (on the 50th anniversary of its publication)]. PMID- 7022674 TI - [S.S. Andreevskii in Astrakhan]. PMID- 7022675 TI - [Plastic method of covering the duodenal stump during gastric resection in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7022676 TI - [Value of a serological method of detecting latent quartan malaria in donors]. PMID- 7022677 TI - [Basic trends in preventive medicine in a health and hygiene department (1930 1980)]. PMID- 7022678 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of exacerbated chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis]. PMID- 7022679 TI - [Salmonelloses: research results and prospects]. PMID- 7022680 TI - [Method of determining autoantibodies to thyroid antigens in diffuse toxic goiter and Hashimoto's thyroiditis]. PMID- 7022681 TI - [Treatment principles and procedure in hypoplastic anemia]. PMID- 7022682 TI - [Botulism. Its etiology, clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7022683 TI - [Medical information system for the classification initial forms cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 7022684 TI - [Correlations of the central and intraocular hemodynamic indices in ischemic stroke]. PMID- 7022685 TI - [New strain of Trypanosoma of the cruzi type with a preferred peritoneal location]. PMID- 7022687 TI - [General Andreja Deak (9 May 1889 -- 6 May 1980)]. PMID- 7022686 TI - [The concept of antibiosis and the discovery of penicillin (I)]. PMID- 7022688 TI - [Prof. Libor Hejhal (24 April 1924 -- 12 November 1979)]. PMID- 7022689 TI - [Spheroplasts, sporogenic bacilli and alpha-hemolytic forms of beta-hemolytic group A streptococcus]. PMID- 7022690 TI - [The concept of antibiosis and the discovery of penicillin (II)]. PMID- 7022691 TI - [Present status of transplantation of important vital organs]. PMID- 7022692 TI - [Maximal, minimal and controlled dosages of immunosuppressive drugs after allogeneic kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7022693 TI - [Transplantation of children's kidneys "en bloc"]. PMID- 7022694 TI - [Prevention of gastroduodenal complications using highly selective vagotomy and cimetidine with antacids in chronic kidney failure and after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7022695 TI - [Arterial stenosis in the allotransplanted kidney. Results of surgery and drug therapy]. PMID- 7022696 TI - [The effect of vesico-ureteral reflux, residual urine and primary disease on the incidence of urinary tract infection after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7022697 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of lymphocele after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7022698 TI - [Duct obliteration as preparation for pancreas transplantation]. PMID- 7022699 TI - [Experimental liver transplantation]. PMID- 7022700 TI - The anatomy of genital prolapse. AB - The history of genital prolapse in women is given briefly. The normal anatomy of genital support is described and the histological and electron microscopic features of these suspensory tissues are briefly outlined. The causes of failure of the supportive system are reviewed and prophylaxis to avoid this failure is discussed. Certain anatomical characteristics are suggested to explain why genital prolapse is relatively common in the White, Indian and Coloured populations in the RSA, yet so uncommon in the Black population. PMID- 7022701 TI - [Development of totally automatic mixer for dental impression materials]. PMID- 7022702 TI - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history (15). Selected medical note]. PMID- 7022703 TI - [In search of better complete dentures for better chewing function]. PMID- 7022704 TI - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history (17)- "Clinical Health Care"]. PMID- 7022705 TI - Research on aging and oral health: an assessment of current status and future needs. PMID- 7022706 TI - Single dose carbenicillin versus T-tube drainage in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. AB - In this study, a prospective, randomized, non-blinded report, single dose carbenicillin prophylaxis preoperatively is compared with T-tube suction drainage postoperatively in 50 patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. A higher incidence of febrile morbidity, fever index units, cellulitis of the vaginal cuff and prolonged hospitalization postoperatively was experienced by the group patients with T-tube suction drainage, P less than 0.05. Our satisfactory results with single dose carbenicillin prophylaxis preoperatively are similar to those of previous studies using more extended antibiotic prophylaxis perioperatively. PMID- 7022707 TI - A randomized controlled trial of mesentericocaval shunt with autologous jugular vein. AB - After a large uncontrolled experience, in April 1976, a randomized clinical trial between side-to-side portacaval anastomosis and a mesentericocaval shunt with internal jugular vein interposition was initiated. Up to April 1979, 23 patients were operated upon with a mesentericocaval shunt and 26 with a portacaval anastomosis. With a mean follow-up time of 23 months, no statistically significant differences in terms of operative mortality, hepatic encephalopathy and long term survival were found between the two operations. Therefore, a mesentericocaval shunt does not appear to offer effective advantages compared with the portacaval anastomosis, and it should be performed in particular instances in which, for anatomic reasons, a portacaval anastomosis cannot be performed. PMID- 7022709 TI - Myodermal flap closure of below the knee amputation. AB - Primary healing was achieved in 20 of 21 below the knee amputations which were closed with a gastrocnemius myodermal flap. A version of this versatile flap is available for closure of any below knee amputation. Preservation of the perforating muscular arteries in these myodermal flaps will maximize circulation to the skin of the lower extremity. PMID- 7022708 TI - Late follow-up after thoracic duct drainage in cadaveric renal transplantation. AB - Thoracic duct drainage was added to conventional immunosuppression with azathioprine, prednisone and, sometimes, antilymphocyte globulin in 83 patients given cadaveric kidneys, including 65 primary graft recipients. The most effective use of thoracic duct drainage was for pretreatment. Optimal conditioning was at least four weeks duration, and when lymph drainage was this long, the incidence of rejection during the first three postoperative months was reduced to 4.5 per cent. Shorter pretreatment or institution of thoracic duct drainage contemporaneous with transplantation were less effective, but the one year results were still better than those with conventional immunosuppression alone. However, the advantage gained with thoracic duct drainage during the first year was diminished in all the treatment groups by graft losses in the second postoperative year. It was concluded that, without better maintenance therapy, the full value of temporary early lymphoid depletion procedures cannot be fully exploited. PMID- 7022710 TI - Calot's triangle revisited. PMID- 7022711 TI - Genetic determinants of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 7022712 TI - The role of liver membrane antigens as targets in autoimmune type liver disease. PMID- 7022713 TI - Immunologic effector mechanisms in hepatitis B-negative chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 7022714 TI - Drug-induced chronic hepatitis. PMID- 7022715 TI - Clinical, histologic, and immunopathologic features of primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 7022716 TI - The nature of the hepatitis B virus and its mode of replication. PMID- 7022718 TI - Immunopathogenesis of the extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis B virus infection. PMID- 7022717 TI - The immunopathology of acute type B hepatitis. PMID- 7022719 TI - Immunologically mediated epidermal cell injury. PMID- 7022720 TI - Dermatitis herpetiformis. PMID- 7022721 TI - Erythema multiforme: clinical spectrum and immunopathogenesis. PMID- 7022722 TI - Biology of the mast cell and its role in cutaneous inflammation. PMID- 7022723 TI - Mast cell-dependent effector pathways and cutaneous bullous disorders. PMID- 7022724 TI - Physical urticaria/angioedema as an experimental model of acute and chronic inflammation in human skin. PMID- 7022725 TI - The effect of increasing end-expiratory pressure on extravascular lung water. AB - The objective of this study was to define the response of extravascular lung water (EVLW) to different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) following a standardized oleic acid injury to the lung. All animals responded to the injection of intravenous oleic acid by the rapid development of hypoxemia. There was a twofold increase in EVLW during the first 3 hours after oleic acid injection which remained stable during the remainder of the experiment, including periods on PEEP. Intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) increased significantly (P less than 0.001) during the first hour following oleic acid injection. PEEP therapy resulted in an immediate decrease in Qs/Qt and amelioration of the hypoxemia. Return to zero PEEP resulted in a rapid decrease in PaO2 with concomitant increase in Qs/Qt by the end of the experiment. The oxygen transport in the animals did not improve significantly with the addition of PEEP. This was due to the decrease in cardiac output that more than offset the effects of a diminished Qs/Qt with PEEP. This study indicates that the mechanism by which PEEP improves oxygenation does not appear to be mediated by effect on lung water. The study also emphasizes the importance of determining oxygen transport when managing patients on PEEP. PMID- 7022726 TI - Failure of cimetidine to prevent gastroduodenal ulceration and bleeding after renal transplantation. AB - Treatment of renal transplant patients with the H2-antagonist cimetidine has previously been assumed to be of reasonable prophylactic value in controlling the incidence of the postoperative complications of gastric or duodenal ulceration. We attempted to evaluate the performance of the drug in a controlled trial by treating transplant patients with either cimetidine or a placebo. Of the 59 patients accepted for the trial, four had to be excluded eventually because of irregularities in the administration of the drug and, in on case, nonfatal respiratory failure. Six of 27 from the cimetidine group had erosions or ulcers by the third day after surgery and two more had them by the end of the fourth week. Three of 28 placebo patients developed lesions after 3 days and three more developed them after 7 weeks. In the months after transplantation, one cimetidine and two placebo patients developed ulcers. Bleeding occurred three times with cimetidine and twice with the placebo. Renal function was similar in both groups as was the necessity of transplantectomy because of irreversible rejection. We conclude that cimetidine does not lower the incidence of gastroduodenal mucosal lesions and upper gastrointestinal bleeding after renal transplantation, nor does it influence rejection of the allograft. PMID- 7022727 TI - Experiments in the development of a continent ileostomy: a simplified technique without a reservoir in dogs. AB - A continent ileostomy without a reservoir was constructed in five dogs with minimal morbidity and mortality rates. The technique involved constructing a continent valve by retrograde intussusception of 8 cm of the terminal ileum, which was then exteriorized as an end ileostomy. The terminal ileum was emptied every 2 hours in the first week, 4 hours in the second week, 6 hours in the third week, and every 8 hours thereafter. This allowed it to gradually dilate and form its own natural reservoir. The follow-up period was 3 to 7 months. The animals remained fully continent to gas and feces. The reservoir capacity after 2 months was 600 cc. No pressure changes within the reservoir were observed with continuous infusion of saline solution. PMID- 7022728 TI - Mycotic emboli of the peripheral vessels: analysis of forty-four cases. AB - Two cases of mycotic emboli of the peripheral vessels are presented, and 42 additional cases from the literature are analyzed. Male patients predominate 3:1. Candida and Aspergillus are the usual pathogens. Initial presentation as large vessel peripheral emboli is characteristic (77%), with emboli originating from either the aortic or mitral valves. Cerebral emboli may proceed of follow the peripheral embolization. Predisposing factors include open-heart surgery, antibiotic therapy, concomitant infection, and intravenous drug abuse. Early symptoms of fungemia are nonspecific, with blood cultures positive in only 43% of cases. The overall mortality rate was 84%-73% in patients who did not undergo previous open-heart surgery, and 96% in patients who underwent previous open heart surgery. Patients with Candida infection seem to do better than those with Aspergillus endocarditis (19% survival versus 5%). Aggressive therapy, including embolectomy, early valve replacement, and prolonged antifungal drug therapy, is advised. PMID- 7022729 TI - Renal transplant protection during abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy with a pump oxygenator. PMID- 7022730 TI - A comparison of two methods of measuring the length of the dental arch in the lower jaw. PMID- 7022731 TI - Surgical treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders. A review. PMID- 7022732 TI - Comparison of changes in the pain threshold following oral administration of carisoprodol, acetylsalicylic acid, and placebo. A trial on volunteers. PMID- 7022733 TI - Prevention of congenital malformations. PMID- 7022734 TI - [40 years' first hand experience in scientific research in the fields of gynecology and obstetrics]. PMID- 7022735 TI - Pulmonary function after prolonged mechanical ventilation with high concentrations of oxygen. AB - The mortality and morbidity resulting from mechanical ventilation with high concentrations of inspired oxygen has been investigated in two groups of patients. Ninety-one patients requiring mechanical ventilation for pulmonary disease included six (group 1) in whom death was attributed directly to respiratory failure but only three in whom oxygen toxicity might have been relevant. Review of the clinical and postmortem findings suggests that oxygen was probably not a contributory factor in two of these three. A second group of 16 patients who survived prolonged mechanical ventilation with oxygen in excess of 40% (average 14.5 days) included five who had been ventilated with 75% oxygen or more for an average of 38 hours. Lung function studies carried out on this second group of patients approximately one year later demonstrated that all but three had significant defects in either ventilation, gas transfer, or both. Oxygen toxicity was thought to be a likely cause in one and a possible contributory factor in three more. It is suggested that the adverse effects of oxygen on the alveolar epithelium are rarely of practical importance in hypoxaemic patients requiring mechanical ventilation but disturbance to the pulmonary defences against infection may well be of greater importance. The fear of inducing oxygen toxicity should not be allowed to interfere with the relief of arterial hypoxaemia in ventilated patients. PMID- 7022736 TI - Comparison of inhaled atropine sulphate and atropine methonitrate. PMID- 7022737 TI - Relationship between asthma and gastro-oesophageal reflux. AB - Twenty patients with bronchial asthma who also had gastro-oesophageal reflux were investigated. The severity of their reflux was graded using symptom score of heartburn and regurgitation and by the following investigations: barium swallow and meal, fibreoptic endoscopy and biopsy, manometry and pH monitoring of the distal oesophagus, and an acid infusion test. Full lung function studies were performed and patients were entered into a double-blind crossover study using cimetidine to control their reflux in order to assess beneficial effects with respect to their respiratory problems. Eighteen patients completed the study. Significant improvements were seen in reflux and night time asthmatic symptoms, both these indices being measured on a scoring system. Home monitoring of peak flow values showed a statistical improvement for th last peak flow reading of the day. Fourteen patients felt that their chest symptoms had significantly improved during the cimetidine period. PMID- 7022738 TI - R T H Laennec 1781--1826 his life and work: a bicentenary appreciation. AB - Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec was born on 17 February 1781 in Quimper and spent much of his youth in Nantes, where his uncle Guillaume was Dean of the Faculty of Medicine. He was considerably influenced by his uncle and went to study medicine in Paris where he qualified in 1804. Among his teachers were Corvisart and Bayle who stimulated his interest in the clinical diagnosis of diseases of the chest and especially tuberculosis, from which Laennec himself suffered. His clinical experience and morbid anatomical dissections at the Necker Hospital culminated in his invention of the stethoscope (1816) and the writing of his masterpiece De l'Auscultation Mediate (1819) which may be regarded as the pioneer treatise from which modern chest medicine has evolved. Despite his great success in Paris, laennec always retained a great love for his native Brittany. When his health finally broke down, he returned to his home Kerlouarnec, near Quimper, and died there on 13 August 1826, aged 45 years. On the occasion of the bicentenary of his birth we pay homage to the memory of this great French physician. PMID- 7022739 TI - Laennec: his medical history. AB - Critical study of the career of Theophile Laennec, with particular reference to his medical history, gives cause to query the commonly accepted belief that his whole life was a constant battle against pulmonary tuberculosis. He developed respiratory symptoms almost immediately on his arrival in Paris but they were those of bronchial asthma and responded promptly and completely to a change of environment. It was only in the concluding years of his life and when he was worn out by overwork that the symptoms of tuberculosis appeared and thereafter the disease progressed rapidly to its fatal termination. PMID- 7022740 TI - Auscultation of the heart since Laennec. PMID- 7022741 TI - Dissolution of thrombi by tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase and streptokinase in an artificial circulating system. PMID- 7022742 TI - [The Isaacs cell sampler facilitates cytological sampling of the endometrium as an alternative and supplement to curettage. A study of 200 patients]. PMID- 7022743 TI - [Endocyt: a method for cytological evaluation of the endometrium]. PMID- 7022744 TI - [Captopril-a new principle in the treatment of hypertension]. PMID- 7022745 TI - [Atresia of the jejunum, ileum and colon; a retrospective study]. AB - The results are described of a retrospective study of 142 patients with atresias of the jejunum, ileum and colon in the Netherlands. It is pointed out that pregnancy had often been complicated by polyhydramnios. This may lead to an early diagnosis in the prenatal period. Whenever a neonate presents with bilious vomiting or distension of the abdomen, closer examination for intestinal atresia should take place. The production of meconium does not rule out the diagnosis of intestinal atresia. PMID- 7022746 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation in adults]. PMID- 7022747 TI - Modeling of digestive tract lesions using silicone rubber RTV (KE-12). AB - In order to produce life-size models of digestive tract lesions, we applied silicone rubber RTV (KE-12) over the surface of the resected fresh, half-fixed or completely-fixed specimens to achieve their impressions. Into these impressions, super-hard plaster, acrylics and lysine base were separately poured, with the resultant casts realizing faithful replicas of the original patterns, finely reproducing their mucosal micro-structures. A photofluorogram of the silicone rubber pattern taken by using softex could reveal roentgenographic micromucosal features on a single plane. Clinically, endoscopic casting of lesions in similar procedures could produce their models, providing data available for estimation of the size and depth of an ulcer. Our method would be of help in dynamical pursuit of digestive tract lesions, as well as for comparison of the vital realities of lesions and their histopathological findings. The method may further contribute to reducing the dosage of x-ray bombardment in gastric fluoroscopy. PMID- 7022748 TI - The effect of captopril on heart rate in several types of hypertensive patients. AB - Captopril, an orally active converting enzyme inhibitor, was administered in a dose of 50 mg to 88 untreated hypertensives (70 essential hypertensives, 8 patients with renal arterial disease, 10 patients with renal parenchymal disease). Captopril caused a decrease in heart rate in 18 patients but an increase in 2 patients. In the remaining 68, heart rate did not change. As a whole captopril caused a significant decrease in blood pressure without compensatory increase in heart rate. The change in heart rate caused by captopril in patients with renal arterial disease was significantly higher than that in essential hypertensives. A significant negative correlation was observed between the change in heart rate and plasma renin activity obtained immediately before captopril administration (n=79, r=0.425, p less than 0.001). PMID- 7022749 TI - Drug-induced lipidosis and the alveolar macrophage. AB - The alveolar macrophage is the principal component of the defense mechanisms of the lung. As a result, alterations in its function can predispose the host organism to pulmonary disease or damage. This cell shows toxic responses to a wide variety of chemicals which are delivered to the lungs by either inhalation or via the systemic circulation. In this regard, this review will focus on the effects of a group of cationic amphiphilic drugs which when administered to humans and animals causes a lysosomal storage disorder of lipids, principally phospholipids, in alveolar macrophages. The susceptibility to the disorder is species-dependent and can be induced in fetal, neonatal and adult animals. Evidence exists that the accumulation of lipids within the cells occurs as a result of an impairment in lipid catabolism, however, not all of the available data are consistent with this theory. In light of this, other mechanisms to explain the etiology of this lipidosis are discussed. Associated with the increase in lipid content within the cell, striking morphological, biochemical and functional changes occur to the alveolar macrophage. Available data indicate that afflicted cells have an increased phagocytic activity and exhibit enhanced killing of one strain of bacteria. While these data suggest an enhancement in certain cellular functions, inadequate information presently exists to allow conclusions to be drawn concerning the consequences of this disorder. PMID- 7022750 TI - Purification and characterization of a naturally occurring antihemorrhagic factor in the serum of the hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus). PMID- 7022751 TI - Purification and partial characterization of a thrombin-like enzyme from the venom of the bushmaster snake, Lachesis muta noctivaga. PMID- 7022752 TI - Mutagenicity of metallic cations. PMID- 7022753 TI - [Speech study methods in dental prosthesis]. PMID- 7022754 TI - [Tissue reaction to metal alloys for metal ceramic prostheses]. PMID- 7022755 TI - [Trends in the history of clinical stomatological anatomy]. PMID- 7022756 TI - [Selenium and organic diseases of the oral cavity]. PMID- 7022757 TI - [Assessment of bacterial contamination in dental offices]. PMID- 7022758 TI - [Problem of acute odontogenic infection and injuries to the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 7022759 TI - [Use of a stereocomparator for determining the coordinates of the anthropometric points on teleroentgenograms]. PMID- 7022760 TI - [Correlation of the amount of gingival fluid with the clinical indices of the periodontal state]. PMID- 7022761 TI - [Role of cooling in preparing hard dental tissues]. PMID- 7022762 TI - [Method of suturing soft palate fragments in uranostaphyloplasty]. PMID- 7022763 TI - [Errors in the process of patient orthopedic treatment]. PMID- 7022764 TI - [Surgical treatment problem of a bilateral penetrating cleft with a protruding intermaxillary bone (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7022765 TI - [Retention and true anodontia of the wisdom teeth]. PMID- 7022766 TI - [Method for functional phonetic formation of the palatal plate in complete and partial prostheses]. PMID- 7022767 TI - [The importance of an overall radiotherapy for the prognosis of the centroblastic centrocytic lymphoma and the Brill-Symmers disease, respectively. Results reached at Freiburg from 1965 to 1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7022768 TI - [Radiobiologic considerations about further development of whole-body irradiation with subsequent bone marrow transplantation applied during the treatment of acute leukemia (author's transl)]. AB - The results achieved hitherto with whole-body irradiation in case of acute leukemia are examined with respect to the optimization criteria of a radiotherapy. The most important failure risk is the recurrence which occurs in more than 50% of all cases, then follows the interstitial pneumonia. The authors think that an increase of the total dose, the adaption of the dose distribution to the distribution of leukemia cells in the body, and a higher fractionation of the total dose are approaches for improving the therapy results. PMID- 7022769 TI - The interaction of spironolactone and digoxin: a review and evaluation. AB - A review of the literature describing the interaction of digoxin and spironolactone is presented. Two mechanisms of possible interaction are discussed. Spironolactone and its metabolites may interfere with digoxin radioimmunoassay or alter the pharmacokinetics of digoxin. The occurrence of either or both of these processes may make interpretation of serum digoxin levels difficult. PMID- 7022770 TI - Salivary anticonvulsant levels in children: a comparison of methods. AB - Levels of the anticonvulsant drugs phenobarbitone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and primidone were measured in the plasma and saliva of 202 epileptic children (5 months-18 years old). Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and EMIT immunoassay were used to analyse the samples. Saliva to plasma ratios were as follows (means +/- SD). phenobarbitone: GLC, 0.30 +/- 0.05 (r = 0.94); EMIT, 0.31 +/- 0.06 (r = 0.92); phenytoin: GLC, 0.11 +/- 0.02 (r = 0.94); EMIT, 0.12 +/- 0.04 (r = 0.86); carbamazepine: GLC, 0.26 +/- 0.05 (r = 0.91); EMIT, 0.25 +/- 0.06 (r = 0.83); primidone: GLC, 1.04 +/- 0.24 (r = 0.94); EMIT, 0.95 +/- 0.20 (r = 0.98). There was good agreement between the two methods, and the ratios obtained are the same as those found for adults. PMID- 7022771 TI - Quantitation of tobramycin by solid-phase immunofluorescence. AB - Tobramycin usage, as for most aminoglycoside antibiotic usage, may require careful monitoring to avoid irreversible toxicity. Several methods for tobramycin quantitation are available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of solid-phase immunofluorescence as an alternative. Tobramycin was quantitated in the sera of 81 patients by radioimmunoassay and solid-phase immunofluorescence. No statistically significant or medically important difference was demonstrated (bias, 0.006 micrograms/ml, t = 0.09, s = 1.02, r = 0.97). Within-run and run-to-run precision for the two methods were comparable. Interference by gentamicin could not be demonstrated. Solid-phase immunofluorescence may be an acceptable alternative method for tobramycin quantitation in some laboratories. PMID- 7022772 TI - Doxylamine: a cause for false-positive gas chromatographic assay for phencyclidine. AB - A 25-year-old white woman ingested an unknown quantity of doxylamine succinate and flurazepam. Urine immunoassay screen (EMIT-dau) was positive for benzodiazopine and negative for phencyclidine. Subsequent gas chromatographic assay of the urine revealed a markedly positive assay for phencyclidine. Doxylamine was ultimately found to be the cause for the false-positive gas chromatographic assay for phencyclidine. PMID- 7022773 TI - The effects of blood sera from calf fetuses in various periods of fetal life on skin allograft survival time in mice and on human lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. AB - The inhibitory effects of blood sera from calf fetuses in different periods of fetal life on human lymphocyte proliferation in short-term cultures and on the skin-allograft survival time in mice (C57Bl/6 leads to R3) were investigated. The lymphocytes mitosis inhibition and the decrease incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of lymphocyte as well as the mouse skin-allograft survival-time prolongation were observed. It was found that the inhibiting activity of the sera decreased with the increase of age of the fetuses. PMID- 7022774 TI - Expression of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the mouse marrow cells: strain differences, thymic effect on enzymatic activity, and possible localization in pre T lymphocytes. AB - The enzyme 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha SDH) was studied in bone marrow cells from various strains. The bone marrow cells of congenitally athymic (nude) and normal BALB/C mice consisted of 2 subpopulations of nucleated cells, larger cells of 10-14 microns and smaller cells of 7 microns in size. About 75% of the 20 alpha SDH activity was located in the larger cells. Bone marrow cells from young neonatally thymectomized or congenitally athymic mice had an increase portion of big cells and contained twice as much 20 alpha SDH activity as control mice. Liver cells from 1-day-old mice and spleen cells from mice lethally irradiated and bone marrow reconstituted, both of which contained primarily stem cells, erythroid, myeloid and pre B lymphocytes, had essentially no 20 alpha SDH. Following stimulation with PHA marrow cells from athymic nude mice responded to the mitogen in terms of [3H]thymidine incorporation and stimulation of 20 alpha SDH activity. Bone marrow cells after stimulation with PHA were labelled with fluorescein conjugated anti-theta antibodies. With the aid of fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS II) it was found that the fluorescent cells had 2.5-5 fold more 20 alpha SDH activity than the unlabelled cells. The results support the suggestion that the 20 alpha SDH activity is located in the marrow pre T lymphocytes. PMID- 7022775 TI - Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom. Centenary Meeting, April 1980. The presidential address. PMID- 7022776 TI - Creutzfeld-Jakob disease. AB - The eyes of two patients with Creutzfeld-Jakob disease were received at autopsy and examined for any specific changes. Previous clinical examination of one of the patients had failed to reveal any specific ocular changes. No evidence for an infectious agent was found in any portion of the eye. The cornea and the retinal were structurally intact. The axons and the glial elements of the optic nerve head were intact. However, increased cellularity, consisting mainly of astrocytes, was noted in the optic nerves in front of and behind the lamina cribrosa. PMID- 7022777 TI - An historical look at the retina, 1880-1980. PMID- 7022778 TI - Day-case cataract surgery. AB - This is a report of prospective trial to compare day-case and inpatient surgery for senile cataract. In this district, cataract extraction is usually delayed until bilateral surgery is warranted. Both eyes are then operated upon a week or so apart. Such patients are ideal for comparing the results of day-case and in patient management, since if one eye is done by each method, there is a perfect match for age, sex, general medical health, and domestic circumstances. During a period of 27 months, 138 patients aged 50 years or over were included in this trial. Five more patients were dropped from the trial and 78 other cataract operations were performed outside the trial for various reasons. For those included in the trial, the eye with the worse vision was operated upon first and patients were randomly allocated to have this eye managed as a day-case or an inpatient. All these operations were performed by the same surgeon (D.B.). Details of events during the 48 hours after surgery were kept (M.J.T.) separate from the hospital records used for follow-up (R.M.I.) and refraction (R.K.T.), which were therefore done without knowledge of how each eye had been managed. Visual acuity and intraocular pressure were recorded 2 to 3 months and one year after operation for those in the trial. Visual acuity alone was recorded at 2 to 3 months for those not in the trial. It is concluded that provided the patients are carefully selected, the advantages of day-case surgery outweigh the disadvantages both for patient management and considerations of economy. PMID- 7022779 TI - Changing concepts of trachoma and its control. PMID- 7022780 TI - Then and now--therapy. PMID- 7022781 TI - Metastatic disease from uveal melanomas. A review of current concepts with comments concerning future research and prevention. PMID- 7022782 TI - Uveitis. PMID- 7022783 TI - Doyne Memorial Lecture, 1980. The Noysome cataract. PMID- 7022784 TI - The distribution of Plasmodium falciparum in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of Gambian children. PMID- 7022785 TI - Chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria from East Africa. PMID- 7022786 TI - Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for bancroftian filariasis. PMID- 7022787 TI - "Ecole du Pharo" in Marseille. PMID- 7022788 TI - Modern views on travellers' diarrhoea (emporiatric enteritis). PMID- 7022789 TI - Characterization of antigens from erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum reacting with human immune sera. PMID- 7022790 TI - Ultrastructural studies on the excystment of Blastocrithidia triatomae (trypanosomatidae). PMID- 7022791 TI - Serological survey of human toxoplasmosis in mountainous regions of the north west and south-west parts of Iran (1976-77). AB - A total of 3,370 plasma samples, collected from residents of three mountainous regions, located in Azerbaijan and Khuzestan provinces, north-west and south-west Iran, were tested for Toxoplasma antibodies by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. The over-all sero-positive rate was 12.8%, with a general increase in positivity with increasing age. The distribution of antibodies to Toxoplasma was found to be different in different ethnic groups in the regions studied. The Toxoplasma sero-positive rate in these mountainous areas was considerably lower than that in the Caspian Sea littoral, in northern Iran, obtained in our previous study. PMID- 7022792 TI - A case of Acanthamoeba keratitis in The Netherlands. AB - A severe kerato-iritis of the right eye of a 36-year-old healthy man constituted a diagnostic and therapeutic problem. More than seven months after the onset of his complaints a cornea transplantation was carried out because a large abscess had developed in the stroma of the cornea and perforation was feared. Amoebae, belonging to the free-living genus Acanthamoeba, were found in the excised corneal disc. Similar infections have been described earlier in the USA, in England and in Germany. The case described here is the first well documented one in the Netherlands. The case history and identification of the amoeba are described. Data from the literature on epidemiology, pathogenicity and treatment are discussed. PMID- 7022793 TI - Recovery and function of human fetal pancreas frozen to -196 C. AB - Human fetal pancreases were dissected into 1- to 2- mm3 fragments and frozen to 196 C using a modification of procedures previously used successfully for cryopreservation of the rat fetal pancreas. Freeze-recovered pancreatic pieces were able to incorporate radioactive amino acids into proteins. When placed into organ culture, nonfrozen control and freeze-recovered pancreas tissue secreted radioimmoassayable insulin in response to glucose plus theophylline, but not to glucose alone. Freeze-killed pancreatic pieces were totally inactive functionally. With respect to those parameters tested, freeze-recovered pancreas tissues were equivalent to nonfrozen tissue. PMID- 7022794 TI - Correlation of nonspecific immune monitoring with rejection or impaired function of renal allografts. AB - Two nonspecific immunological assays were combined with radionuclide scanning to monitor 113 patients thrice weekly following allotransplantation. The nonspecific immune assays included measurement of the percentage of active T rosette-forming cells (% A-T RFCs) and spontaneous blastogenesis (SB). An increase in SB and decrease in % A-T RFCs (greater than 1 sd of normal controls) constituted an immune event. The immune parameters were correlated with thrice weekly radionuclide studies which were computer analyzed for glomerular and tubular function. Alteration of the immunological and radionuclide parameters significantly correlated (P less than 0.001) with 90 rejection episodes displayed by 72 nonantithymocyte globulin (ATG)-treated renal allograft recipients during the first 30 postoperative days. In the absence of clinically defined rejection, changes in immune parameters correlated with (1) decline of radionuclide parameters and (2) alterations in weight, temperature, creatinine clearance, and serum creatinine, suggesting subclinical events. As a result of the effects of ATG on lymphocytes, a similar comparison could not be made for 41 other patients treated with this immunosuppressive drug. The incidence of false positive tests was 12.7%. Thus, the combination of two nonspecific immune parameters, % A-T RFCs and SB, with computerized analysis of radionuclide scans may afford a reliable index to diagnose early rejection or impaired function of renal allografts. PMID- 7022795 TI - A study on the mechanism of donor pretreatment: effect of procarbazine hydrochloride and methylprednisolone in immunocompetent cells. AB - Significantly prolonged canine renal allograft survival can be obtained by donor pretreatment with procarbazine hydrochloride and methylprednisolone. This is thought to be caused either by a reduced antigenicity of the graft or by a local immunosuppressive effect by drugs transplanted with the graft. In this study a decrease in the number of peripheral donor T and B lymphocytes was observed at the time of procuring. Leukocytes harvested from dogs pretreated with a combination of procarbazine hydrochloride and methylprednisolone showed a decrease in their ability either to stimulate or respond to mixed leukocyte cultures (MLCs). Complete restoration of MLC responses was obtained however by purification and washing of these leukocytes. Sera of pretreated animals were not able to reduce MLC responses. It was concluded that drug metabolites in or on the cells were apparently responsible. A local inhibition of the immunocompetence of host lymphocytes by small amounts of transplanted drug metabolites in or on the graft cells might be responsible for the beneficial effect of donor pretreatment with procarbazine hydrochloride and methylprednisolone. Furthermore, this postulation explains the abrogation of prolonged survival of pretreated grafts after systemic administration of nontreated donor blood or donor leukocyte-free blood, as we reported earlier. PMID- 7022796 TI - Pretransplant blood transfusions have an additive positive effect on kidney graft prognosis in D/DR-matched rhesus monkeys. AB - The effect of blood transfusions on kidney graft survival in D/DR-matched host donor combinations was investigated in rhesus monkeys treated with azathioprine and prednisolone. If host-donor combinations were mismatched for D/DR and no transfusions were given (controls), graft survival ranged from 9 to 22 days. D/DR matching alone led to survival times of 13 to 66 days with 62% of the animals showing a prolonged survival time ( greater than 22 days). However, when three pretransplant blood transfusions were given in D/DR-matched combinations, the range of graft survival was even better: 19 to 73 days with 90% of the recipients surviving for longer than 22 days. The recipients in this group also had a better kidney function in the first weeks after transplantation than that of the nontransfused D/DR-matched group. Therefore, the beneficial effects of D/DR matching and pretransplant transfusions are additive in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 7022797 TI - Prolonged survival of major histocompatibility complex-disparate skin allografts transplanted to the metamorphosing frog, xenopus laevis. PMID- 7022798 TI - Recurrence of renal amyloid and de novo membranous glomerulonephritis after transplantation. AB - Eleven patients with amyloidosis were treated for terminal renal failure by transplantation, receiving 12 cadaver allografts. In one patient the amyloidosis was primary and in the remaining 10 it was secondary to a chronic inflammatory disease. All of the patients were subjected to one or two fine-needle aspiration biopsies of the kidney graft during a followup of 11 to 68 months. The biopsies of three patients, one with primary amyloidosis and two with ankylosing spondylitis, revealed amyloid recurrence in the graft. These recurrences were diagnosed at 11, 28, or 37 months, respectively. The risk of amyloid recurrence is thus by no means negligible. The present study revealed no factors determining the development of recurrence. In two additional cases, membranous glomerulonephritis was observed in transplant biopsy. Both of these patients had rheumatoid arthritis as the underlying disease and were treated with gold salts before transplantation. It is suggested that an impaired immune response, related to amyloidosis and/or immunosuppressive therapy, may have favored the formation and deposition of circulating immune complexes. PMID- 7022799 TI - Serological characterization of antibodies eluted from chronically rejected human renal allografts. AB - Serum samples collected pre- and post-transplant nephrectomy were screened for alloreactive lymphocytotoxins. Three patients demonstrated circulating anti-B cell antibodies with markedly increased cytotoxicity titers after nephrectomy, suggesting that there was active binding of antibodies within the renal allograft. Two of the postnephrectomy serum samples after absorption with platelets and B cells reacted by immunofluorescence with cultured primary kidney cells but not against B or T cells from the same donor. To clarify further the role of such alloreactive antibodies, eluates were prepared from 14 rejected renal allografts and were analyzed for reactivity to cultured primary kidney cells against different leukocyte targets and endothelial cells. Reactivity toward B cells and kidney cells was demonstrated with 80% of the eluates. Absorption experiments of the positive eluates demonstrated multiple types of alloreactive antibodies. In addition to anti-DR activity, eluates had antibodies reactive to kidney cell antigens, monocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The demonstration of multispecific alloantibodies in eluates of rejected kidneys is consistent with an important role(s) in maintenance and/or rejection of the kidney allograft. PMID- 7022800 TI - Skin allograft survival in lentil lectin-treated mice and rats. PMID- 7022802 TI - Megakaryocyte precursor cells circulating in blood of a renal transplant recipient with thrombocytosis. PMID- 7022801 TI - Hyperacute rejection of a transplanted human heart. PMID- 7022803 TI - Increased efficacy of cyclosporin A with splenectomy prolonging the survival of rat heart allografts. PMID- 7022804 TI - Human endothelial cells can present antigen to sensitized T lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 7022805 TI - Distribution of endothelial-monocyte and HLA antigens on renal vascular endothelium. PMID- 7022807 TI - Characterization of B-cell and monocyte antibodies in recipient sera and in eluates from rejected kidney allografts. AB - The specificity of B-cell antibodies developing in kidney transplant recipients was investigated by blocking with monoclonal anti-DR and chicken anti-human IA antibody. Among 34 recipients who ultimately rejected their kidney allograft, 35% displayed antibodies against B cells before transplantation, most of which were blocked by the anti-DR reagents. Thirty-three of 34 recipients developed B-cell lymphocytotoxins after nephrectomy, and over half of these were not blocked by monoclonal anti-DR. B-cell antibodies were found also in the majority of the kidney eluates, and most of them were shown to be directed against HLA-DR antigens, Monocyte-specific antibodies, which were not blocked by chicken anti human IA serum, were frequently found in eluates from kidney allografts undergoing rejection. The methods described appear to be useful for the characterization of B-cell and monocyte antibodies developing in kidney transplant recipients. The possibility of correlation with allograft outcome is currently being investigated. PMID- 7022806 TI - Antibodies eluted from rejected human renal allografts: specificity to B lymphocytes, monocytes, primary kidney cells, and endothelial cells. PMID- 7022808 TI - Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in kidney transplants. PMID- 7022809 TI - Coronary arteriography and coronary artery disease in 99 diabetic and nondiabetic patients on chronic hemodialysis or renal transplantation programs. PMID- 7022810 TI - Transplantation biology--past and present: reappraisal of "breakthroughs" since 1955. PMID- 7022811 TI - Blood transfusions and kidney transplants: remaining controversies. PMID- 7022812 TI - Two major factors influencing kidney graft survival in Eurotransplant: HLA-DR matching and blood transfusion(s). PMID- 7022813 TI - The effects of blood transfusion on cadaver renal transplantation: a prospective study of the Southeastern Organ Procurement Foundation 1977-1980. PMID- 7022814 TI - Combined effect of recipient blood transfusion and donor pretreatment with cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone. PMID- 7022815 TI - Pretransplant protocols: thoracic duct drainage, transfusions programmed and random, their effects on kidney graft survival. PMID- 7022816 TI - Blood transfusions, HLA-A and B, DR matching, graft survival, and clinical course after cadaveric kidney transplantation. PMID- 7022817 TI - HLA-A, B matching of pretransplant blood transfusion is associated with poor graft survival. PMID- 7022818 TI - Posttransplant serum analysis in human kidney allografts. AB - Monitoring of 25 first cadaver transplant recipients was carried out weekly after transplantation. A total of 441 sera were tested from these patients against B and T lymphocytes at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C for development of cytotoxic antibodies. Thirteen of the 25 patients (52%) developed B-cold antibodies as their first antibodies and all had functioning kidneys. Five of the patients developed B-warm antibodies initially, and all 5 rejected their transplants within 24 days. Of the seven patients who did not develop antibodies, 3 rejected their kidneys within 72 days. We conclude that it is important to distinguish between two types of antibodies to B lymphocytes--those reactive in the cold and those reactive in the warm--since they have opposite effects. Of the 17 successful grafts, 13 first developed B-cold cytotoxins. PMID- 7022819 TI - Systematic transfusion in hemodialyzed patients. A prospective study: kinetics of immunization against T and B lymphocytes and incidence of graft survival. PMID- 7022820 TI - Improved graft survival with donor-specific transfusion pretreatment. PMID- 7022821 TI - Interrelation of pretransplant cell-mediated immunity, blood transfusion, and kidney transplant survival. PMID- 7022822 TI - Cardiac transplantation: 1980. PMID- 7022823 TI - Complications in long-term survivors of cardiac transplantation. PMID- 7022824 TI - Clinical transplantation--1980. PMID- 7022826 TI - Total lymphatic irradiation and donor bone marrow for human heart transplantation. PMID- 7022825 TI - Clinical status of eleven patients one year after human heart transplantation. PMID- 7022827 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of hematologic malignancy and of aplastic anemia. PMID- 7022828 TI - Treatment of 144 patients with severe aplastic anemia using immunosuppression and allogeneic marrow transplantation: a report from the international bone marrow transplant registry. PMID- 7022829 TI - Preparation of xenogeneic antibodies eliminating lymphocytes from human bone marrow selectively. PMID- 7022830 TI - The role of HLA in marrow transplantation. PMID- 7022832 TI - Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with aplastic anemia: distinguishing transfusion-induced sensitization from possible immune-mediated aplastic anemia. PMID- 7022831 TI - Correction of congenital bone marrow disorders by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation following preparation with anti-human thymocyte serum and total body irradiation. PMID- 7022833 TI - Antileukemic effect of graft-versus-host disease contributes to improved survival after allogeneic marrow transplantation. PMID- 7022834 TI - Antileukemic, autologous bone marrow transplantation in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 7022835 TI - Effect of anti-T-cell globulin on GVHD in leukemic patients treated with BMT. PMID- 7022836 TI - Kidney transplantation. PMID- 7022837 TI - Papovavirus excretion following marrow transplantation: incidence and association with hepatic dysfunction. PMID- 7022838 TI - Peanut agglutinin receptor bearing, Nonadherent mononuclear cells circulating in the blood after bone marrow transplantation in man. PMID- 7022839 TI - Liver transplantation, 1980, with particular reference to cyclosporin-A. PMID- 7022840 TI - Successful liver transplantation from crossmatch-positive donors. PMID- 7022841 TI - Patterns of renal and pancreatic rejection in double-grafted patients. PMID- 7022842 TI - Pharmacologic immunosuppression. PMID- 7022843 TI - Clinical trial of bredinin in renal transplantation. PMID- 7022844 TI - Steroid withdrawal following HLA-identical related donor transplantation. PMID- 7022845 TI - Steroids can be stopped in kidney transplant recipients. PMID- 7022846 TI - Impact of methylprednisolone on first renal allograft rejection. PMID- 7022847 TI - Renal transplantation in patients over 50 years of age. PMID- 7022848 TI - High- and low-dose prednisolone. PMID- 7022849 TI - A prospective study of methylprednisolone and prednisone as immunosuppressive agents in clinical renal transplantation. AB - A prospective double blind crossover study was carried out in 65 patients comparing methylprednisolone (Medrol) and prednisone as immunosuppressive agents in clinical renal transplantation to determine their relative merits vis-a-vis graft survival, hypertension, weight gain, sepsis and patient preference in the posttransplant period. Patients receiving renal allografts were randomly assigned to receive initial treatment with one of the drugs. Once maintenance doses were employed, the drug was switched for a 3-month period. There was no difference in overall graft survival at 1 year, 68% versus 56% (p greater than 0.4), for the two patient groups. Likewise, there was no difference in blood pressure during the maintenance therapy crossover period, mean BP 129/86 during Medrol therapy and 129/86 during prednisone therapy. Overall weight gain was not statistically different with the two drugs, 3.8 kg with prednisone and 2.3 kg with Medrol, p greater than 0.1. However, when Medrol was used in the late posttransplant period, the patient had a significantly smaller weight gain, 0.95 kg versus 3.5 kg with prednisone, p greater than 0.05. The incidence of bacterial sepsis was significantly greater (p less than 0.02) during the early posttransplant period in those patients treated with Medrol. Finally, the majority of patients (65%) had no preference for either drug. Of those with a preference, the majority (69%) preferred Medrol. We conclude that therapy with Medrol does not offer superior graft survival, less hypertension or overriding patient preference but does apparently lead to an increased incidence of bacterial sepsis in the early posttransplant period. Thus it appears that prednisone is the initial drug of choice as an immunosuppressive steroid in clinical renal transplantation. PMID- 7022850 TI - Cyclosporin-A--present experimental status. PMID- 7022851 TI - Cyclosporin-A in clinical organ grafting. PMID- 7022852 TI - Lymphoma in renal allograft patients treated with cyclosporin-A as one of the immunosuppressive agents. PMID- 7022853 TI - Parenthood in kidney and liver transplant recipients. PMID- 7022854 TI - Sixteen months experience with cyclosporin-A in human kidney transplantation. AB - CY-A is a potent immunosuppressive agent and can prevent graft rejection. In our experience hirsutism and viral infections are marked. Lymphomas may be more common in CY-A-treated patients than in those treated conventionally. Smaller doses of CY-A given for shorter periods before conversion to conventional treatment may be a better way to use this new agent. PMID- 7022855 TI - Cyclosporin-A prophylactic treatment of graft-versus-host disease in human allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: preliminary results. PMID- 7022856 TI - Human pancreatic transplantation--preliminary studies of carbohydrate control. PMID- 7022857 TI - Properties of cyclosporin--A-induced graft acceptance. PMID- 7022858 TI - The specificity of post-cyclosporin "tolerance". PMID- 7022860 TI - A study of eleven drug regimens using cyclosporin-A to suppress renal allograft rejection in the dog. PMID- 7022861 TI - Psychosocial adjustment five to nine years posttransplant. PMID- 7022859 TI - Cardiac allograft survival in cynomolgus monkeys treated with cyclosporin-A in combination with conventional immune suppression. PMID- 7022862 TI - Cyclosporin-A: effect on marrow engraftment and graft-versus-host disease in dogs. PMID- 7022863 TI - Preparation and efficacy of cyclosporin-A liposomes for prolongation of cardiac allograft survival. PMID- 7022864 TI - Paradoxical effects of cyclosporin-A in renal allotransplantation. PMID- 7022865 TI - Total lymphoid irradiation and kidney transplantation: a clinical experience. PMID- 7022866 TI - Bone marrow and renal transplantation in canine recipients prepared by total lymphoid irradiation. PMID- 7022867 TI - Transplantation tolerance in the primate following total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and bone marrow (BM) injection. PMID- 7022868 TI - Total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and allogeneic marrow transplantation for enzyme replacement therapy and immunotherapy of leukemia in mice. PMID- 7022869 TI - Factors influencing first cadaver renal allograft survival. PMID- 7022870 TI - Organ transplantation in mongrel dogs using total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). PMID- 7022871 TI - Fractionated sublethal total body irradiation and donor bone marrow infusion for induction of specific allograft tolerance. PMID- 7022872 TI - Total lymphoid irradiation in rat heart allografts: dose, fractionation, and combination with cyclosporin-A. PMID- 7022873 TI - The value of ALG and ATG in clinical renal transplantation--recent European experience. PMID- 7022874 TI - The clinical value of antilymphocyte antibodies. PMID- 7022875 TI - Use of ATG for reversal of acute allograft rejection. PMID- 7022876 TI - The use of antilymphoblast globulin in the treatment of renal allograft rejection. PMID- 7022877 TI - Antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) reverses "irreversible" allograft rejection. PMID- 7022878 TI - Results of a prospective randomized study on the effect of splenectomy versus no splenectomy in renal transplant patients. PMID- 7022879 TI - Reversal of acute renal allograft rejection with adjunctive AG therapy. AB - A randomized and controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive antithymocyte globulin (ATG) therapy for the treatment of the initial rejection episode in first transplants of Haplo-LRD and cadaveric kidneys. When compared to the control group, which received only standard antirejection treatment (SAT) of steroid pulsing and local irradiation, the adjunctive ATG treatment group demonstrated significantly faster recovery rates from rejection as well as better graft survival rates (67% versus 91%, respectively, p = .01) after the first rejection. ATG treatment did not result in fewer subsequent rejection episodes than SAT but long-term allograft survival rates remained significantly superior to controls for the entire 3-year study period. By avoiding ATG treatment in those patients who never experienced clinical rejection on maintenance immunosuppressive therapy, i.e. nonresponders (32/130--25%), complications associated with excessive immunosuppression were minimized, i.e., graft and patient survival were 100%. The combined results in a 1-year patient survival of 97% and graft survival of 84%. These results suggest that use of ATG therapeutically for the treatment of rejection is efficacious and may be superior to the prophylactic method of ATG treatment in renal transplant patients. PMID- 7022880 TI - Plasmapheresis in the treatment of refractory renal allograft rejection. PMID- 7022881 TI - HLA-DR, antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and survival of cadaveric renal allografts. PMID- 7022882 TI - Evaluation in primate renal allograft recipients of monoclonal antibody to human T-cell subclasses. PMID- 7022883 TI - Immunosuppressive properties of mouse monoclonal antibodies and rabbit antisera to a leukocyte-specific antigen in the rat. PMID- 7022884 TI - Effect of blood transfusion on skin allograft survival in immunosuppressed mice. PMID- 7022885 TI - Prolongation of mouse heart allograft survival by prior administration of nonspecific blood. PMID- 7022886 TI - Skin allograft survival in mice pretreated with blood. PMID- 7022887 TI - Donor pretreatment with cyclophosphamide interferes with the enhancing effect of blood transfusion in rats. PMID- 7022888 TI - Passive enhancement of cadaver renal allografts: a prospective randomized trial of F(ab')2 therapy. PMID- 7022889 TI - Renal transplantation after thoracic duct drainage. PMID- 7022890 TI - Determinants of effectiveness of thoracic duct drainage for primary cadaver kidney transplantation. PMID- 7022891 TI - Models of specific unresponsiveness in adult animals: potential clinical application. PMID- 7022892 TI - Cellular mechanisms of tolerance after total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). PMID- 7022893 TI - Immune mechanisms responsible for the prolonged kidney allograft survival in immunologic enhancement. PMID- 7022894 TI - Genetic control of allograft tolerance: importance of H-2 subregions. PMID- 7022895 TI - Fractionated bone marrow: use of a lymphocyte containing fraction for skin allograft prolongation in antilymphocyte serum (ALS) treated mice. PMID- 7022896 TI - Enhanced allograft survival in rhesus monkeys treated with anti-human thymocyte globulin and donor lymphoid cells. PMID- 7022897 TI - Ethical evaluation of related donation: the donor after five years. PMID- 7022898 TI - Specific immune suppression in adult mice across K-I-D fully allogeneic histoincompatibility barriers induced by lymphocyte-free bone marrow cells. PMID- 7022900 TI - The effect of humoral unresponsiveness to donor erythrocytes on rat renal allograft rejection. PMID- 7022899 TI - Regulatory mechanisms in transplantation tolerance induced in different genetic combinations of mice. PMID- 7022901 TI - Induction of tolerance to cardiac allografts in syngeneic radiation chimeras: importance of repopulating immune cell type. PMID- 7022902 TI - Investigations into the variations between the transplant centers within the United Kingdom and Ireland area. PMID- 7022903 TI - Recruitment of effector T lymphocytes by initiator T lymphocytes: application for specific immunosuppression. PMID- 7022904 TI - Renal transplants induce polyclonal B-cell activation that is inhibited by recipient pretreatment with antigen and antibody but not by antibody alone. PMID- 7022905 TI - Engraftment of allogeneic bone marrow. PMID- 7022906 TI - Analysis of NIAID kidney transplant histocompatibility study (KTHS): factors associated with transplant outcomes. I. PMID- 7022907 TI - Effects of supralethal total body irradiation and bone marrow reconstitution upon immunologic memory. PMID- 7022909 TI - Prediction of onset and termination of renal allograft rejection by serum levels of C-reactive protein. PMID- 7022908 TI - Continuous monitoring of renal transplant function by external forearm counting. PMID- 7022910 TI - Graft survival with high levels of cytotoxic antibodies. AB - In this study, pretransplant transfusions significantly improved the survival of first cadaver kidney transplants. Large numbers of transfusions had the same influence on graft survival as small number of transfusions. Graft survival was not influenced by pretransplant antibody levels, and the beneficial effect of transfusions was also independent of highest pretransplant antibody levels. The positive relationship between transfusions and cytotoxic antibodies was shown to be highly significant. B-warm and T-warm antibodies were both increased by transfusions and tended to occur together. B-cold antibodies occurred independent of transfusions, B-warm and T-warm antibodies. The results of this study suggest, but do not confirm, that B-cold antibodies benefit graft survival, while T-warm antibodies adversely influence graft survival. Transfusions and B-cold antibodies appear to influence graft survival by different mechanisms. PMID- 7022911 TI - Cytologic evaluation of in situ inflammatory response of rejection in human renal transplantation. PMID- 7022912 TI - Cells infiltrating rejected human kidney allograft: composition and in vitro functional capacities. PMID- 7022913 TI - Localization of MHC antigens in long surviving rat renal allografts: probable implication of passenger leukocytes in graft adaptation. PMID- 7022914 TI - Tissue distribution of Ia-like antigens in different species: analysis with monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 7022915 TI - Induction of Ia-like antigens by a group A streptococcal product with mitogenic activity. PMID- 7022916 TI - Late deterioration of renal allografts. PMID- 7022917 TI - The key role of Lyt-1+ cells in skin graft rejection in the mouse. PMID- 7022918 TI - Evidence of cell-mediated cytotoxicity to skin-specific alloantigens on mouse epidermal cells. PMID- 7022919 TI - Recruitment of lymphocytes to sponge matrix allografts. PMID- 7022920 TI - Factors affecting corneal allograft rejection in inbred rats. PMID- 7022921 TI - Passenger leukocytes and the immunogenicity of skin allografts: a critical reevaluation. PMID- 7022922 TI - Antigenic, immunogenic, and immunosensitive components in rat allografts. PMID- 7022923 TI - Migratory behavior of lymphocytes during allograft rejection. PMID- 7022924 TI - Changes in lymphocyte migration patterns after heart grafting in rats. PMID- 7022925 TI - Monoclonal antibodies recognizing human T cells: potential role for preventing graft-versus-host reactions following allogeneic marrow transplantation. PMID- 7022926 TI - Prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) by chemoseparation of marrow cells. PMID- 7022927 TI - Minor histocompatibility genes important in lethal graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR): chromosomal assignment of five genes using ten chromosomal markers. PMID- 7022928 TI - H-2 restriction of T cells causing lethal graft-versus-host disease across minor histocompatibility barriers in mice. PMID- 7022929 TI - Investigation of the capacity of skin-specific alloantigens to elicit graft versus-host reactions in the mouse. PMID- 7022930 TI - T and B cell deficiencies in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease after HLA-identical marrow transplantation. PMID- 7022932 TI - Immune reactivity induced by antigenic exposure in the rat uterus. PMID- 7022931 TI - Splenectomy and sensitization of Fischer female rats favors histoincompatibility of R2 back-cross progeny. PMID- 7022934 TI - Prediction of cadaver kidney function by ligandin analysis. PMID- 7022933 TI - Safe preservation of human renal cadaver transplants by Euro-Collins solution up to 50 hours. PMID- 7022935 TI - Pharmacologic protection against prolonged ischemia during harvesting and preservation of canine kidneys. PMID- 7022936 TI - Reversal of renal vasospasm by venous perfusion. PMID- 7022937 TI - The importance of pH in renal preservation. PMID- 7022938 TI - A prospective randomized double-blind controlled study of cadaver donor pretreatment with cyclophosphamide in human renal transplantation. PMID- 7022939 TI - Long-term functional adequacy of canine lung autografts after 24-hour preservation. PMID- 7022940 TI - Subzero nonfreezing kidney preservation. PMID- 7022941 TI - Malignant diseases in patients treated by dialysis and transplantation in Europe. PMID- 7022942 TI - Cancer following successful cadaveric donor renal transplantation. PMID- 7022943 TI - Malignant lymphomas in organ transplant recipients. PMID- 7022944 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to a human T-cell antigen and Ia-like antigen in the characterization of lymphoid leukemia. PMID- 7022945 TI - Enhanced growth of colon carcinoma isografts in rats concurrently receiving organ allografts. PMID- 7022946 TI - Prevention of AKR leukemia by transplanting H-2-incompatible allogeneic bone marrow requires the maintenance of chimerism. PMID- 7022947 TI - Intraperitoneal segmental pancreatic allografts with unligated duct in dogs: the role of histocompatibility for long-term survival. PMID- 7022948 TI - Long-term canine segmental pancreas transplants with the duct left open, neoprene injected duct, and pancreaticoureterostomy: a comparative study. PMID- 7022949 TI - Permanent reversal of experimental diabetes in rats by allogeneic fetal pancreases across minor histocompatibility loci: effects and characteristics of immunosuppression induced by alloantigen, PCH, and ALS treatment. PMID- 7022950 TI - New therapeutic approach to overcome biliary sludge after liver transplantation. PMID- 7022951 TI - Transplantation of cryopreserved isolated hepatocytes into the rat spleen. PMID- 7022952 TI - Allogeneic and xenogeneic hepatocyte transplantation. PMID- 7022953 TI - The antigenicity of purified liver parenchyma cells. PMID- 7022954 TI - Transplantation of the lung from mongrel dogs into DLA-nonidentical beagles. PMID- 7022955 TI - Cardiac allograft survival prolonged by thoracic duct irradiation in the rat. PMID- 7022956 TI - Successful bone marrow transplantation across major histocompatibility barriers in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7022957 TI - Bone allografts in mice: determinants of immunogenicity and healing. PMID- 7022958 TI - Immunogenicity of frozen osteoarticular allografts. PMID- 7022959 TI - A microsurgical model for vascularized bone and joint transplants in rats. PMID- 7022960 TI - Significant factors influencing kidney graft survival. PMID- 7022961 TI - HLA and disease associations with special reference to mechanisms. PMID- 7022962 TI - Influence of HLA-A, B, C, D, and DR matching in renal transplantation. PMID- 7022963 TI - Significance of Lewis and HLA system in kidney transplantation: a multicenter study in Germany. PMID- 7022964 TI - Collaborative scheme for tissue typing and matching in renal transplantation, XI. Role of HLA-A, B, DR, and D matching and other factors on 899 cadaver kidney grafts. PMID- 7022965 TI - Controlled trial of HLA-A, B, versus HLA-DR matching in cadaveric renal transplantation. PMID- 7022966 TI - Correlation of B-cell antibodies and clinical course in DRw-typed renal allograft recipients. PMID- 7022967 TI - Warm B-cell antibodies and DRw matching: their influence on transplant outcome at a single center. PMID- 7022968 TI - The self-side expression of H-2 antigens on epithelial cells and the maternal fetal relationship. PMID- 7022969 TI - Genetic control of response to streptococcal antigens: implication of two HLA linked complementary loci. PMID- 7022970 TI - Physiological mechanisms of pain and pain therapy. PMID- 7022971 TI - The colonial legacy: health and medicine in the Belgian Congo. PMID- 7022972 TI - Environmental aspects of cholera epidemiology. I. A review of selected reports of endemic and epidemic situations during 1961-1980. PMID- 7022973 TI - Ethambutol plus isoniazid for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis--a controlled trial of our regimens. AB - A controlled clinical trial of 4 regimens was undertaken in patients with bacteriologically positive, newly-diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis. The regimens were: ethambutol 15 mg/kg plus isoniazid 400 mg, daily (E7H7); ethambutol 45 mg/kg plus isoniazid 15 mg/kg, twice a week (E2H2); ethambutol 90 mg/kg plus isoniazid 15 mg/kg, once a week plus isoniazid 15 mg/kg, mid-way between the weekly doses (E1H2); and ethambutol 90 mg/kg plus isoniazid 15 mg/kg, once a week (E1H1). All patients received streptomycin 1 g plus ethambutol 25 mg/kg body weight plus isoniazid 400 mg daily for the first 2 weeks. The total duration of treatment was 12 months for all patients. There were 484 patients admitted to the study. After excluding 60 (41 with initial drug resistance to isoniazid), there remain 424 patients (107 E7H7, 101 E2H2, 107 E1H2, 109 E1H1) in the main analyses. The pretreatment characteristics of the 4 groups were broadly similar. A favourable response at 12 months was observed in 96%, 88%, 93% and 75% of patients respectively: the differences between the E1H1 regimen and the other 3 regimens were all significant (P less than or equal to 0.03) as was that between the E7H7 and E2H2 regimens (P = 0.05). Among the slow inactivators of isoniazid, the proportions with a favourable response at one year were similar in the 4 groups (range 95--91%). However, among the rapid inactivators, the proportion with a favourable response in the E1H1 group was only 57%. There was suggestive evidence that the E1H2 regimen was superior to the E2H2 regimen. Of the patients with bacteriologically quiescent disease at 1 year, approximately a half, at random, had no further chemotherapy and were followed up for a 4-year period. Bacteriological relapse requiring retreatment occurred in 15% of 54 E7H7 patients, 26% of 38 E2H2, 33% of 43 E1H2 and 54% of 37 E1H1 patients, a significant difference (P less than 0.001). A final evaluation of long-term (5 year) favourable response achieved by the 12-month regimens was 83% for the E7H7, 63% for the E2H2, 63% for the E1H2 and 33% for the E1H1 regimens. In general, the regimens were well tolerated and the incidence of adverse reactions to the drugs was low. Of the 424 patients, 6 (1.4%) developed a visual disturbance during the year of chemotherapy. PMID- 7022974 TI - Re-inoculation of surface material from culture negative medium as an aid to the isolation of mycobacteria. AB - Re-inoculation by a spiral loop of surface material from culture negative medium on to fresh egg medium gave positive growth of mycobacteria in 3 out of 521 sputum specimens. PMID- 7022975 TI - [Avicenna's writings]. PMID- 7022976 TI - [Avicenna: the Master par excellence]. PMID- 7022978 TI - [Avicenna the psychosomatist]. PMID- 7022977 TI - [Avicenna's contribution to medicine]. PMID- 7022979 TI - [Avicenna's maxims and quotations]. PMID- 7022980 TI - [Hygiene and prevention in Avicenna]. PMID- 7022981 TI - [An introduction to the study of Arabo-Islamic medicine]. PMID- 7022982 TI - [The 4 phases of Arabo-Islamic medicine]. PMID- 7022983 TI - [The main outlines of the Arabo-Islamic medicine]. PMID- 7022984 TI - Ultrastructure of hydrated proteoglycans using a pulsed plasma source. AB - During the past 10 years, attempts have been made to examine hydrated biological specimens by using wet chambers (at ambient temperature) [1-3] or cold stages (at -30 degrees C and below) during electron microscopic examination. Obtaining sufficient contrast of unstained hydrated biological samples has proven a considerable problem using both of these methods. Many fragile biological specimens, when examined hydrated, frozen or dried, are severely damaged by the electron beam and cannot be imaged by conventional scanning or transmission electron microscopy. In order to increase specimen contrast and eliminate electron beam induced trauma to the specimen, we have developed a wet-cell [4], which when used in concert with a pulsed plasma soft X-ray source, provides high contrast contact replicas of totally hydrated, unstained biological specimens. Although it has been postulated that hydrated unstained samples can be imaged by soft X-ray contact microscopy [5-7], to date there has been little success due to cell movement or degradation of the wet sample during the long exposure period necessary for an adequate imaging dose [8]. With the pulsed plasma source described in this study we have been able to use exposure times of approximately 40-60 ns while maintaining the sample in its hydrated state at atmospheric pressure. The resultant contact replicas exhibit good contrast and better than 30 nm spatial resolution when examined by conventional scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 7022985 TI - A cooling chain for studies of cryofixed biological specimens by scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. AB - A cooling chain is described which enables the transfer of frozen hydrated biological specimens (ultrathin cryosections as well as about 1 micrometer thick cultured cells) from a cryoultramicrotome into a scanning transmission electron microscope with a field emission gun. Transfer is done at 118 K, specimen temperature in the microscope is 165 K. Sublimation processes are controlled visually and by mass spectrometry. Electron micrographs and X-ray microanalytical spectra of cryofixed unstained tissue culture cells and rat liver tissue sections are described and discussed. Contamination of the specimen is much reduced by use of the cold stage. PMID- 7022986 TI - An overview of calcium homeostasis in humans. PMID- 7022987 TI - Role of bench surgery and autotransplantation in renal calculous disease. PMID- 7022988 TI - [Mechanical tantalum suture in kidney resection]. PMID- 7022989 TI - [Paraneoplastic manifestations of kidney cancer]. PMID- 7022990 TI - [Comparative evaluation of immunological methods of diagnosing kidney allograft rejection crises]. PMID- 7022991 TI - [Use of adhesives in urology]. PMID- 7022992 TI - [Transplantation of cadaver kidneys from child donors to adult recipients]. PMID- 7022993 TI - Renal oncocytoma: further observations and literature review. PMID- 7022994 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for the prostate-specific acid phosphatase (E. C. 3.1.3.2). AB - The clinical application of enzyme immunoassay for the determination of the prostate-specific acid phosphatase is reported. 227 sera were investigated in the diagnosis as well as in tumour monitoring and a good correlation with the clinical stage was found. In prostatic carcinomas 5 of 13 with stage T1, 11 or 12 patients with stage T2, 16 of 16 patients with T3 and 19 of 19 patients with stage T4 disease had values above 1 ng/ml. In prostatic adenomas (n = 69) in prostatitis (n = 40) and in other carcinomas of the urogenital tract (n = 28), renal carcinomas, carcinomas of the bladder and the penis) the values of the prostate-specific acid phosphatase measured by the enzyme immunoassay 131 of 137 were under 1 ng/ml. A comparison of random samples with the radioimmunoassay for this enzyme showed good correlation. PMID- 7022995 TI - [Arterial hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - Arterial hypertension represents the most prevalent disease on our country. Due to cardiovascular complications, early invalidism and increased mortality are common. There is general agreement that genetic influences, overweight and increased uptake of salt are predisposing factors. In about 5--10% of all hypertensive patients an underlying cause can be incriminated. Among these cases of secondary hypertension less than 10% can be treated by surgery alone. Hypertension teaching programs in other countries using conventional treatment protocols have met with considerable success in all types including borderline hypertension. PMID- 7022996 TI - [Urological diseases causing renal hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - Based on experimental and clinical findings the publication demonstrates the pathogenesis of renal hypertension. The diagnostic and prognostic value of split renal function test and a split estimation of plasma renin activity is pointed out for the surgical management of renal hypertension. New urosurgical methods for the correction of renovascular diseases are described. PMID- 7022997 TI - [Hypertension following renal transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - Hypertension is more frequent in transplant recipients than in the general population. The two most frequent causes are reduced function of the transplant and the presence of the recipient's own kidneys. Beyond the immediate postoperative period, administration of glucocorticoids appears to have little influence on blood pressure. The various forms of arterial stenosis of the transplant are infrequent, but clinically important, because they are susceptible to surgical correction or arterial dilatation. The pathogenetic mechanisms and diagnostic problems of the various forms of posttransplant-hypertension are discussed in this review. PMID- 7022998 TI - [Cochlear analysis of sound intensity and the mechanisms of acoustic sensations]. PMID- 7022999 TI - [Method of forming a stable cannula-free tracheostoma during laryngectomy]. PMID- 7023000 TI - [Pancreatic cancer (review of Soviet and foreign literature)]. PMID- 7023001 TI - [Diagnosis of pathological intracardiac shunts and heart valve insufficiency in surgical practice (review of Soviet and foreign literature]. PMID- 7023002 TI - [Current status of the problem of pulmonary artery thromboembolism (review of Soviet and foreign literature]. PMID- 7023003 TI - [Treatment experience with the author's method for inguinal hernias difficult to eliminate]. AB - The strength of tissues sutured by different methods of plasty of the inguinal canal walls, the value of load on the sutured tissues as well as the efficacy of the plasty in direct hernias, oblique hernias with straightened canal and recurrent inguinal hernias were studied in 202 patients. The author's method for the strengthening of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal and the area of the deep ring by means of the tenia of aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle enables the tissue to be sutured firmly with minimum load. Good remote results were obtained in 90% of cases. PMID- 7023004 TI - [Iatrogenic injuries to the blood vessels]. PMID- 7023005 TI - [Cholelithic intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 7023006 TI - [Arterial anastomoses in kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7023007 TI - Monitoring the anesthetized horse. AB - The objectives of monitoring are to gain much information as possible about the anesthetized horse and to follow changes in that information, with the ultimate aim of making anesthesia and surgery as safe as possible for the horse. Information necessary to achieve that aim will vary depending on patient category. For example, a young, healthy horse undergoing a short elective procedure can be clinically well monitored by patient signs, electrocardiogram, and indirect blood pressure response. More invasive monitoring is justified and warranted if the health status of the horse is in question. The degree of invasion will be determined by the information needed to provide optimal support. The constantly changing picture should be recorded. The anesthetist who defines anesthesia as long stretches of boredom interspersed with moments of sheer panic is surely guilty of failure to heed warning signs that were present, had he looked for them. PMID- 7023008 TI - Neuromuscular blocking agents in equine anesthesia. PMID- 7023009 TI - General anesthesia for equine gastrointestinal and obstetric procedures. PMID- 7023010 TI - General anesthesia: fundamental considerations. PMID- 7023011 TI - Inhalation anesthesia: drugs and techniques. PMID- 7023012 TI - Mechanical ventilation of the anesthetized horse. PMID- 7023013 TI - Clinical trial of a modified-live parvovirus vaccine for dogs. PMID- 7023014 TI - Nitrofurazone toxicity in dairy calves. PMID- 7023015 TI - Aspergillus fumigatus and specific precipitins in dogs with turbinate changes. PMID- 7023016 TI - [Selective intra-arterial embolization for therapeutic purposes in tumors of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 7023017 TI - [Development of the x-ray radiology service in the Mongolian People's Republic]. PMID- 7023018 TI - [List of articles on x-ray diagnosis, radioisotope diagnosis, radiation therapy and x-ray radiology subjects published in related clinical journals in 1980]. PMID- 7023019 TI - [Experimental induction of foot rot in sheep]. AB - By means of local strains Bacteroides nodusus was reproduced experimentally a case of foot-rot with sheep. For the appearance and the development of the disease it was necessary, before the infection, to keep the sheep in damp and uncleaned from fecal impurities room. Besides that, of decisive importance was the scarification of the skin-horny junction in the interungular slit. The combination of Bacteroides nodusus with Spirohaeta penorta and Corynebacterium piogenes resulted in more serious changes in the infected hooves. PMID- 7023020 TI - Lysogenization by satellite phage P4. PMID- 7023021 TI - Immunoselection and characterization of Moloney murine leukemia virus-infected cell lines deficient in surface gag antigen expression. PMID- 7023022 TI - Proteolytic cleavage of influenza virus hemagglutinins: primary structure of the connecting peptide between HA1 and HA2 determines proteolytic cleavability and pathogenicity of Avian influenza viruses. PMID- 7023023 TI - The use of cultured endothelium in keratoplasty. PMID- 7023024 TI - Hans Bornschein 1920-1079. PMID- 7023025 TI - [Study of serum digoxin concentration in hemodialyzed patients using enzyme immunoanalysis]. PMID- 7023026 TI - [Arterial stenosis in an allotransplanted kidney. Clinical signs as an indication for angiography]. PMID- 7023027 TI - [Differentiation and functional maturation of normal human T-cell subpopulations and "asynchronous leukemic" populations in the thymic microenvironment]. PMID- 7023028 TI - [Medical service to the German population in the last stage of World War II and early post-war period]. PMID- 7023029 TI - [Effectiveness of antibacterial therapy of pseudotuberculosis]. PMID- 7023030 TI - [Use of electronic computer technology in mass medical examinations of servicemen]. PMID- 7023031 TI - [Experience in organizing the treatment of light injuries in the medical battalion of a mechanized corps in World War II]. PMID- 7023032 TI - [Prepared for work and defense of the USSR (on the 50th anniversary of the introduction of the All-Union Physical Education System)]. PMID- 7023033 TI - [Microsurgical operations on the extremities]. PMID- 7023034 TI - [Medical and vocational rehabilitation of the wounded in western Siberian hospitals in World War II]. PMID- 7023035 TI - [Akhutin movement]. PMID- 7023036 TI - [Effectiveness and the mechanism of therapeutic action of decimeter waves in the area of the thyroid in treating gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7023037 TI - [Effect of health resort treatment of the gastrin, insulin and glucagon concentration in the blood of duodenal ulcer patients]. PMID- 7023038 TI - [Gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system and its role in the mechanism of action of potable mineral waters (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7023039 TI - [Cross-reacting antigen common to stratified squamous epithelium and Streptococcus group A in tumors of epidermal origin]. AB - A tissue-specific basal-cell antigen of stratified squamous epithelium which enters into cross reaction with group A streptococcus polysaccharide was detected in the cytoplasm of human basal- and squamous-cell tumor cells which are associated histogenetically with skin epithelium. However, it was not found in the cells of entodermal tumors (stomach and intestinal adenocarcinoma). Considering earlier reports on the detection of cross reacting antigen in experimental ectodermal tumors, these results suggest the development of an additional histogenetical method of differential diagnosis of human tumors which arise in ectodermal tegumental epithelium. PMID- 7023040 TI - [Macrophagic transformation inhibition phenomenon of peripheral blood mononucleocytes in breast cancer]. AB - Macrophagal transformation of mononuclear cells of peripheral blood was evaluated quantitatively in vitro. The study group included 60 patients with breast cancer stages II-IV and 50 healthy subjects. Transformation of mononuclear cells to macrophages in breast cancer patients, particularly, in advanced cases, was found to be reduced, as compared with healthy controls. The serum of cancer patients contains an inhibitor of this process. This was confirmed by mononuclear cell transformation being inhibited both in patients and controls on addition of the serum of cancer patients to both cultures. The function of tumor patients' cells was partially restored, when serum of healthy controls was added. It is suggested to use macrophagal transformation as a test for immunologic examination of tumor patients. PMID- 7023041 TI - [Activated macrophages: effector cells of antitumor protection]. PMID- 7023042 TI - [Books and collected articles on oncology published in the 3d quarter of 1980]. PMID- 7023043 TI - [Intravascular blood coagulation and its role in malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 7023044 TI - [Effect of Vitalact humanized milk varying in carbohydrate composition on the development of intestinal bifid flora in nursing infants]. AB - In the course of feeding infants with "Vitalact-DM" and "Vitalact I" with the increased content of dextrin-maltose (1.5%) and "Vitalact III" supplemented with lactulose (1%), the characteristics of the infants' physical development correlated with the age norm and indicated high food and biological value of the test products. In being fed with experimental varieties of "Vitalact" milk the infants received 3.5-4.5 g protein, 6-7.2 g fat, 14-14.8 g carbohydrates, 125-136 kcal/kg bw. Microbiological studies have demonstrated that in feeding infants with "Vitalact I" and "Vitalact III" the intestine manifested a high level of bifidoflora in 45.7 and 78.3% of the cases, respectively (in 36.8% of the cases of controls). The results of the studies formed the basis for the development of a new humanized product "Vitalact enriched" (TS 49 435-77) which was approved by the Ministry of Health of the Ukrainian SSR. At present it is manufactured by the Gnedynsk infant and dietetic food pilot plant. It is recommended that, "Vitalact enriched" be widely used in formula. mixed and dietetic feeding, particularly in feeding premature and weakened infants. PMID- 7023045 TI - A new method of antibody elution from red blood cells using organic solvents. PMID- 7023046 TI - [Effect of insulin on the activity of serum phosphohexoisomerase in gastric cancer]. PMID- 7023047 TI - [Blood protein spectrum during hemodialysis of kidney transplant patients]. PMID- 7023048 TI - [Lipid metabolism and insulin tolerance in chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7023049 TI - [Diagnosis of secondary heart neoplasms]. PMID- 7023050 TI - [Metabolism, mechanisms of poisoning and means of reducing the toxicity of fluorine-containing anesthetics (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7023051 TI - [Lasers and their application in clinical practice (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7023052 TI - [Role of scientists at the Kiev Medical Institute in the development of endocrinology]. PMID- 7023053 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of drugs in relation to age (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7023054 TI - [Tests of specific cellular and humoral immunity in herpetic infections of the eyes]. AB - The ratio of the values of lymphocyte blast transformation and leukocyte migration inhibition to the level of humoral antibodies, detection of HSV antigen in the eye and activity of the clinical process in the time course of disease was studied in 213 patients with ophthalmoherpes. The immunological markers characterizing the features of pathogenesis and prognosis of herpetic eye disease were determined. In the favourable course of ophthalmoherpes blast transformation of 5-10% and stable migration inhibition throughout the disease were observed. A decrease in the functional activity of lymphocytes determined in the blast transformation test with phytohemagglutinin, the lack of specific blast transformation and migration inhibition, as well as marked increase of blast formation (above 10-15%) are the factors aggravating the course of the disease. The infectious and infectious-allergic period in the course of ophthalmoherpes were identified. The infectious stage was characterized by changes in the values of both cellular and humoral immunity. In the infectious-allergic stage cellular immunity reactions prevail in the presence of stable humoral antibody levels. PMID- 7023055 TI - [Use of continuous human lymphoblastoid cell lines (T- and B-origin) to produce persistent tick-borne encephalitis virus and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus infections]. AB - Persistent infection with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBE) was established in experimentally infected continuous lymphoblastoid human cell lines Raji, L-101 (of B-origin) and 1387 (T-origin) and with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus in Raji and 1387 lines. The persistently infected lines produced infectious virus, the cells showed specific fluorescence in immunofluorescent tests, and electron microscopic examinations revealed TBE and VEE virions in sections. PMID- 7023056 TI - [Immunofluorescent methods of demonstrating antibodies against nuclear components]. PMID- 7023057 TI - History: public health nursing faces challenges in rural health (part II). PMID- 7023058 TI - Public health nursing faces challenges in rural health. (Part II). PMID- 7023059 TI - Renin levels in hypertensive patients in Jamaica. PMID- 7023060 TI - Renal transplantation in Jamaica. PMID- 7023061 TI - [Non-epithelial stomach neoplasms]. PMID- 7023062 TI - [Various epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic problems of Salmonella typhimurium infection in infants and young children]. PMID- 7023063 TI - [Digoxin: biological availability and interactions]. PMID- 7023064 TI - [Reactivity of peripheral leukocytes in chronic fungal diseases]. PMID- 7023065 TI - [Lasers as surgical instruments]. PMID- 7023066 TI - [Clotting factor XIII]. PMID- 7023067 TI - [Role of granulocytes in the control of bacterial infections]. PMID- 7023068 TI - [1st cases of cesarean section in Poland]. PMID- 7023069 TI - [Selection of antibodies for the treatment of biliary tract infections]. PMID- 7023070 TI - [Theory of Ibn an-Nafis (1210-1288) on pulmonary circulation]. PMID- 7023071 TI - [Cholelithiasis as a complication of stomach ulcer surgery]. PMID- 7023072 TI - [Military health services for the civilian population of Western Pomerania during the years 1945-1946]. PMID- 7023073 TI - [70 years traumatotherapy in the Viennese University Departments (author's transl)]. AB - On the 3rd of November, 1909 both Surgical Departments of Vienna University, each opened an emergency casually ward. It was the first time in Europe, indeed probably in the whole world, that a special position had been accorded to traumatotherapy. Eiselsberg and Hochenegg are honoured as the founders of accident surgery. Although space was extremely restricted remarkable therapeutic results were achieved, whilst teaching and scientific research flourished. The number of patients and the attendant organizational problems rose continuously. Special mention is made of the great number of patients with heart wounds who could be saved owing to the perfect organization of a "cardiac alarm" system introduced at this unit from the earliest days. After a survey of the conservative and operative treatment of fractures, the transformation of both emergency wards into independent departments in 1976 is described. Interdisciplinary teamwork of all surgical departments at Vienna University is emphasized as a special merit of the clinical traumatotherapy units. PMID- 7023074 TI - [Platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin (PGI2) in patients with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. AB - Platelet function (ADP-induced platelet aggregation) in 20 patients with juvenile onset diabetes mellitus was not different from that of age- and sex-matched controls. Platelet sensitivity to exogenous PGI2 was not diminished in diabetic patients. No sex differences were detected. There was no correlation between concomitant blood glucose levels and platelet sensitivity to PGI2. PMID- 7023075 TI - [Bone grafting with fibrin-glue (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023076 TI - Yersinia pseudotuberculosis septicemia. Report of a case. PMID- 7023077 TI - Circulatory and temperature regulatory responses to exercise in a warm environment in insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - Because diabetics are prone to the development of neuropathy and microvascular disease, abnormalities of cardiovascular reactivity and capillary permeability in response to acute exercise and/or an increase in environmental temperature might presage the development of clinically overt complications. In the present study insulin-dependent diabetics without evidence of microangiopathy or neuropathy and controls matched for the same level of physical fitness performed cycle ergometer exercise for 20 minutes at 65 percent VO2 max in a temperature maintained at 35 percent C. Ther rise in heart rate (82-85 beats min-1), the fall in plasma volume (11-13 percent), and the increase in total serum proteins (13-16 percent) induced by exercise were the same in the two groups. Furthermore, comparable increments in skin blood flow (two- to threefold) and in core and skin temperatures were observed. The relationship between increases in body core temperature and increases in skin blood flow and the vasodilatory threshold (37.0 percent C) were also the same in the diabetics and controls. PMID- 7023078 TI - Averiil Abraham Liebow (1911-1978): a colleague's tribute. PMID- 7023079 TI - Averill Abraham Liebow: contributions to pulmonary pathology. PMID- 7023080 TI - Study of inulase from Debaryomyces phaffii Capriotti. AB - Debaryomyces phaffii possesses an inulinase activity which can be induced by growth on beta-fructosidase and particularly on inulin. The enzyme is located in the cell wall but is easily excreted into the culture medium. Maximum activity on inulin is observed at pH 4 and 50 degrees C. The Km on inulin is 1.2 X 10(-2) M. The enzyme breaks down inulin by splitting off terminal fructosyl units and it is active on sucrose and raffinose. PMID- 7023081 TI - Microbiological implications of electric field effects. II. Inactivation of yeast cells and repair of their cell envelope. AB - The inactivation of yeast cells in different growth phases by an electric field pulse was investigated. Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the logarithmic growth phase were found to be much more sensitive with respect to an electric discharge than those in the stationary phase. The influence of the electric field pulse characteristics on the inactivation as well as possible secondary effects were studied. The polyene antibiotic perhydrohexafungin (PHF) is used as a tool to sense defects in the yeast cell envelope brought about by electric field action. The repair kinetics of these defects was followed after the impulse. At least two repair stages can be distinguished, a fast one in the second range and a slower one which takes place after plating the cells on a nutrient medium. The obtained results are discussed in connection with current theories of reversible dielectric breakdown in biological membrane systems. PMID- 7023082 TI - Cultural and nutritional studies of zoopathogenic fungi associated with livestock feeds in Nigeria. AB - Mycelial growth and nutritional physiology of zoopathogenic Aspergillus fumigatus FRES., Thermoascus aurantiacus MIEHE, and Thermomyces lanuginosus TSIK., obtained from livestock feeds and poultry droppings in Nigeria were studied. An optimal pH temperature range of 5.5-6.5 and 37 degrees - 45 degrees C was recorded for the growth of these fungi. Various sources of carbon supplied in the growth medium, except sorbose and rhamnose, were utilized for growth. Only Aspergillus fumigatus caused considerable weight losses of the filter papers supplied and hydrolyzed the carboxy-methyl cellulose (CMC) in the medium. The culture filtrates of this fungus contained CM-cellulases which also hydrolyzed CMC to reducing sugar at 45 degrees C. D-glucose and L-asparagine concentrations in the range of 15-20 g/liter and 2.5-5 g/liter, respectively, were best for growth of the test fungi. Various forms of organic and inorganic nitrogen provided were also utilized. The inorganic sources of nitrogen could readily substitute the organic forms at the optimal growth conditions. PMID- 7023083 TI - [Rehabilitation services in territorial public health institutions]. PMID- 7023084 TI - [Smoking or health. A cultural-historical retrospective view]. PMID- 7023085 TI - [Diabetes and Pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on the experiences collected during treatment and delivery of 316 pregnant diabetic women hospitalized in the municipal hospital of Vienna Lainz. 1. Close co-operation between diabetologist, obstetricians and pediatricians in imperative. 2. Early diagnosis and recording - as far as possible before conception -, accurate control and intensive care by the diabetologist and obstetrician right from the beginning is most essential; the aim should be to attain normoglycaemic levels preferably during the first 3 months of pregnancy. 3. In the case of diabetic patients requiring insulin who are difficult to stabilize, it would be desirable to effect stabilization in the hospital, followed by self-control of blood sugar levels with self-adjusted insulin variation. Above all, overweight should be avoided. 4. Obstetric intensive care can be effected only in a department with modern equipment. 5. In case of complications, it will always be necessary to provide for additional hospitalization over and above the routine cases; such hospitalization must always consist of combined obstetric and internistic medical care. 6. Prognostically Bad Signs of Pregnancy (PBSP) groups must be kept as small as possible. 7. Childbirth should be approximated as closely as possible to the calculated date of birth (in While A cases up to the 40th week of pregnancy, with the other patients at least up to the 38th week of pregnancy). The necessary controls which can justify postponing the time of birth, are explained. The approximation to the calculated data of birth depends largely on optimal stabilization of the diabetes to normoglycaemic levels during the entire pregnancy period. This is documented, inter alia, by normal weight of the newborn at the time of birth, corresponding to the duration of pregnancy. 8. Vaginal delivery should be aimed at. 9. Newborn are always high-risk infants; the first few minutes of live are absolutely decisive. The infants should be placed in the care of a team of pediatricians as early as possible, combined with transfer to a children's hospital with intensive-care ward, using an intensive-care ambulance for effecting the transfer. 10. RESULTS: These measures led to a reduction of the mortality rate (reduced to the corrected values), the average of which had been 12.5% during 1970-1971, to 1.85% during 1972-1979. The proportion of PBSP groups, which was originally 32.42%, dropped during the same period to 20.79%, the perinatal mortality in this group being reduced from 50% to 17.24%. PMID- 7023086 TI - [Prospective randomised study on influencing complaints following lumbar discotomy by intraoperative application of cortisone via intrathecal and peridural injection (author's transl)]. AB - In a prospective, randomised study 35 patients suffering from lumbar vertebral disc herniation were given an intrathecal and peridural injection of 0.5 ml (= 10 mg) Triamcinolone hexacetonide. The postoperative course of the disorder was compared with that of 35 patients operated on the same manner, however, without medication. It was established that the intraoperative administration of Triamcinolonhexacetonid had no statistically significant influence on the results of the operations. PMID- 7023087 TI - [History of the natural healing movement (II). The development of general, theoretical principles in naturopathy in the 19th century]. PMID- 7023088 TI - [Alcohol metabolism and metabolic effects]. PMID- 7023089 TI - [Alcohol and lipid metabolism]. PMID- 7023090 TI - [Taste perception and the activity of the body's systems]. PMID- 7023091 TI - [Comparative physiologic analysis of the evolutionary stages of sleep and its regulatory mechanisms]. PMID- 7023092 TI - [Selenoenzymes and other selenoproteins, their biological role]. PMID- 7023093 TI - [DNA as the principal target for carcinogenic, mutagenic and antineoplastic drugs]. PMID- 7023094 TI - [Review on chemical composition and constituents of some important exotic fruits (author's transl)]. AB - In this paper the chemical composition and the known constituents of mango, pomegranate, passion fruits, papaya, guava, feijoa, litchi, cherimoya and other Annona-species, japanese persimmone, acerola, prickly pears, naranjilla, tamarillo and cape-gooseberry are reviewed. The composition of avocado and kiwi is shortly refered. PMID- 7023095 TI - [The German Society of Dental, Oral and Gnathic Medicine. From the Central Society of 1859 to the broader and more successful association of today]. PMID- 7023096 TI - [Partial dentures]. PMID- 7023097 TI - [Metalloceramic or synthetic resin bonding]. PMID- 7023098 TI - [Rational time-saving method of construction for cast post crowns]. PMID- 7023099 TI - Effect of serum glucose changes on milk intake of suckling lambs. PMID- 7023100 TI - [Event-adapted check protocol for kidney transplant candidates]. PMID- 7023101 TI - [Open questions on the prevention of urinary calculi recurrence]. PMID- 7023102 TI - [Pin model in model analysis by instrument]. PMID- 7023103 TI - [Occlusal problems and formation of marginal cracks by tipping of bridge abutments]. PMID- 7023105 TI - [Acrylic occlusion by Schon. A simplified method of bite registration]. PMID- 7023104 TI - [Overdenture--overlay prosthesis. Interview with Dr. Erich Korber]. PMID- 7023106 TI - [Ceka-attachments]. PMID- 7023107 TI - [Dispensaire-system after treatment with cast removable partial dentures]. PMID- 7023108 TI - [State of the dentition and prosthetic treatment in Rostack residents over 60 years of age in 1977]. PMID- 7023109 TI - [Hints for the manufacture of one-piece cast bridges]. PMID- 7023110 TI - [Adjustment appliances for single posts]. PMID- 7023111 TI - [Wax technic of Motsch/Snihurowycz]. PMID- 7023112 TI - [Technological aspects of dental technology]. PMID- 7023113 TI - [Outer ligament replacement of the ankle joint with the ligamentum patellae transplant by Bruckner]. PMID- 7023114 TI - [Our surgical heritage. Theodor Billroth and cancer surgery of the intestinal tract]. PMID- 7023115 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (31)]. PMID- 7023116 TI - [Efficiency and limitations of the IgM-FTA-ABS-test in the routine serodiagnostic of syphilis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023117 TI - Specificity of leptospiricidal activity test mediated by antiserum and complement. AB - A leptospiricidal activity test mediated by immune serum plus guinea pig complement using 11 serovars of leptospiras belonging to 3 serogroups, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona and Mini, indicated that the reaction was generally serogroup-specific. The immune serum from which the homologous or heterologous agglutinin was absorbed was then examined with the result that the anti-L. icterohaemorrhagiae and anti-L. sarmin antisera which absorbed with L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. sarmin respectively did not agglutinate, but instead destroyed their homologous leptospiras in conjunction with complement. Many of the antisera which absorbed with the heterologous serovars did not agglutinate, but instead destroyed their respective heterologous strain. These findings indicate that the leptospiricidal activity test is more sensitive and more cross reactive than agglutination. PMID- 7023118 TI - [Comparative studies to characterize human and bovine group B-streptococci (Str. agalactiae) by means of a bactericidal assay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023119 TI - The murein of citrobacter O-serogroup Ci23 Vi+. AB - The isolation and analysis of the Citrobacter O-serogroup Ci23Vi+ murein are described. The murein consists of alanine, glutamic acid, diaminopimelic acid (occurring in the molar ratio 1.5 : 1: 0.9), N-acetylmuramic acid and N acetylglucosamine. Dialysable products resulting from the digestion of the Citrobacter O-serogroup Ci23Vi+ murein with egg white lysozyme resemble closely those obtained from the E. coli B murein. PMID- 7023120 TI - [Influence of antibodies on the phagocytosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae by alveolar macrophages (author's transl)]. AB - Phagocytosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae by alveolar macrophages of guinea pigs was investigated. Lavage of guinea pig lungs yielded a cell suspension of approximately 85% alveolar macrophages. The remaining cells were predominantly lymphocytes and a few polymorphonuclear leucocytes. After incubation for 5 hours at 37 degrees C the macrophages adhered to the glass surface whereas leucocytes could be washed away. This resulted in a pure culture of macrophages containing 95-98% living cells. Specific antibodies to phenol-water extracts of K. pneumoniae were induced in rabbits. These antisera increased the rate of uptake of the bacteria by macrophages at least 35-fold as compared to macrophages without added antiserum. Preimmunization sera of rabbits also increased the uptake of bacteria by macrophages but by far less than hyperimmune sera. A very sensitive Enzyme-Immuno-Assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to the phenol water extracts of K. pneumoniae was developed. Low levels of antibodies were demonstrated in the pre-immunization sera of rabbits by ELISA but not by the tube agglutination test. These low antibody titers could explain the increased uptake of the bacteria by alveolar macrophages in the presence of preimmunization sera. The influence of complement components on phagocytosis in our sera was small and was therefore not studied in any detail. PMID- 7023121 TI - [Influence of antibiotics on the phagocytosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae by alveolar macrophages (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of gentamicin and cephalothin on the phagocytosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae by alveolar macrophages of guinea pigs was tested. At their minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) the antibiotics did not influence the uptake of bacteria by macrophages in the presence of various antibody titers. As expected, the number of surviving bacteria after intracellular ingestion decreased at MBC of the antibiotics. The uptake of bacteria was inhibited by very high concentrations of gentamicin and cephalothin only. The intracellular killing of the bacteria was already higher in the presence of relatively low antibiotic concentrations (one third of the minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC) as compared to the killing without antibiotics. Above this levels, even if they were considerably higher than the MIC, the antibiotics had no additional effect on the number of bacteria surviving after ingestion. These findings indicate that concentrations above one third of the MIC of gentamicin or cephalothin are not necessarily of advantage for the effect of macrophages on the bacteria, provided that sufficient levels of antibodies are also present. PMID- 7023122 TI - [Bacteriocin typing of Enterobacter cloacae strains (author's transl)]. AB - By means of bacteriocin typing epidemic studies were carried out with regard to 65 strains of Enterobacter cloacae, isolated from various specimens of 59 patients. Based on detailed preliminary investigations the presentation with bacteriocins in liquid cultures induced by Mitomycin C was found most preferable. Since constant and reproducible results are essential, standardization of culture media, incubation temperature, incubation time and inoculum size is required. By means of 13 bacteriocin-producing strains the isolates could be typed and categorized into 24 types according to their sensitivity to bacteriocins. A rather varied picture emanated from the distribution of the individual types with regard to the different medical fields so that cross-infection with a certain strain was negligible. Seeing that one bacteriocin type was found predominantly in the intensive care unit, it can be maintained that this strain originated from the ward itself. The importance of bacteriocin typing for the interpretation of certain up-to-date epidemic situations is obvious which typing has also been successfully employed with regard to investigations of Enterobacter cloacae infections. However, it is doubtful whether bacteriocin production and bacteriocin sensitivity sufficiently constant in order to obtain comparable results over a more extended period of time and in different areas. PMID- 7023123 TI - [An approach to bacteriological taxonomy by application of Immanuel Kant's transcendental dialectics (author's transl)]. AB - After having altered the name of International Committee for Bacteriological Nomenclature in International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology in 1970, the latter will also have to reflect upon the objects of taxonomy. An approach thereto is recognizable in the revision of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria in 1975. Considerations are being made whether a classification of bacteria does justice to the laws of homogenicity, specification and continuity as laid down by Kant in his transcendental dialectic. Most important of all are definition and determination of the taxon species. As far as contents go the latter is not possible from the biological point of view but applicable to its range in application of the regulations of the code. Within the priorities of taxa the species adopts a preferential position because conceptions of applied bacteriology are contained therein. The variety of infra-subspecific subdivisions is taken into consideration; as far as the formae speciales are concerned considerations as made with regard to species apply. PMID- 7023124 TI - Serological differentiation of strains of group B streptococci by the soft-agar technique. AB - Soft-agar technique was applied for serological determination of strains of group B streptococci. With representative type strains, their colonial morphology was converted from diffuse- to compact-type growth only by the addition of homologous rabbit anti-serum in the medium and no conversion of colonial morphology was observed by heterologous rabbit antisera. Twenty seven out of 30 fresh isolates obtained from human clinical specimens showed diffuse-type growth in soft-agar medium and were subjected to this examination. Twenty-one strains reacted with a single antiserum, 5 strains showed reactivities to two different antisera although reaction to an antiserum were significantly higher than those of the other antiserum and no reaction was observed with a strain. Twenty single and 5 major serotypes determined by this technique were coincided with those differentiated by Lancefield's precipitin method. From these experimental results, soft-agar technique was regarded being available for serological typing of strains of group B streptococci. PMID- 7023125 TI - Lethal effect of CAMP-factor and UBERIS-factor--a new finding about diffusible exosubstances of streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis. AB - CAMP-factor, the exosubstance of Streptococcus agalactiae, and UBERIS-factor, the exosubstance of Streptococcus uberis, exerted lethal effect when administered parenterally to rabbits and white mice. A single intravenous dosis of 1,500 activity units per 1 kg body weight resulted in rapid death of the rabbits. To kill mice, the intravenous or intraperitoneal dosis had to be 45 times higher in relation to the body mass. After formaldehyde treatment, both streptococcal exosubstances were deprived of their lethal effect as well as of their synergistic hemolytic activity with the staphylococcal beta-toxin. PMID- 7023126 TI - [High-immunogenic mutants of Salmonella with two independently of each other attenuating markers as potential vaccines from bacteria capable of multiplication. I. communication: usefulness of the purin-auxotrophy for the isolation of high-immunogenic and stable double-marker strains (author's transl)]. AB - The Salmonella example demonstrates a principle for the isolation of high immunogenic, stable Salmonella-mutants with two independently of each other attenuating mutations as potential vaccines from bacteria capable of multiplication. The isolation of such double-marker vaccination-strains is verified by the treatment of a single-marker strain (for instance an attenuated high-immunogenic auxotrophic pheno-type) with mutagen and the following selection of clones with the marker purin-auxotrophy as a second attenuating mutation. The demonstrated double-marker strains S. typhimurium his-155 pur-4 and S. dublin met 91 pur-23 are designated by the following parameters: Stability under the conditions of the practical vaccine application; immunogenicity for mice by one immunization only, and separability from homologous wild strains with simple laboratory methods. PMID- 7023127 TI - [Enteric infections by Salmonella: occurrence of positive blood cultures, positive urine cultures and high antibody titres (author's transl)]. AB - In the last two decades the classic typhoid and paratyphoid A and B became rare also in Istria being substituted by infections of salmonellas of the "minor group". Basing on observations on 418 patients (1970-1979) it was established that in 48.5% of them a significant increase of titers of antibodies, not only for group antigens but also for phasis antigens developed. This, together with positive hemocultures and urine cultures in a number of them, did lead the authors to the conclusion that the invasitivity of these salmonellas (e.g. S. enteritidis, typhi murium, hadar, agona, abony) is greater than previously presumed and that the diagnosis "Salmonella-Fever" or "Paratyphoid" also in infections of these salmonellas is more justified. PMID- 7023128 TI - Evaluation of the beta lactam disk for rapid detection of penicillinase producing bacteria: comparison with three other methods. AB - One thousand and four strains of gram positive and gram negative bacteria were tested for the production of beta lactamase by Beta Lactam reagent disks and the results were compared with acidometric microtiter, disk diffusion and antibiotic dilution procedures. Three hundred and sixty-three clinical isolates had a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of greater than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml for penicillins. All the resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus tested gave positive beta lactamase reactions with both methods within 30 min. Four hundred and thirty-seven members of these two genera and all other bacteria with MIC values of less than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml remained negative for the beta lactamase test by both procedures in 4 h. The Beta Lactam reagent disk as well as the micro-method are simple, rapid and reliable. Cost analysis of the two procedures demonstrated the micro-method to be more economical. PMID- 7023129 TI - C. psittaci 6 BC soluble hemagglutinin: factors influencing the red cell receptor sites. AB - Human blood-group A, B and O erythrocytes did not possess receptor sites for either crude or ether-ethanol extracted chlamydial soluble hemagglutinin. Sensitive chicken erythrocytes were agglutinated to higher titres by ether ethanol extracted than by crude chlamydial hemagglutinin. Studies indicated that trypsin-, chymotrypsin-, neuramanidase-sensitive receptor sites were not essential for binding of ether-ethanol extracted chlamydial hemagglutinin; neither were beta-glucuronidase- nor periodate-sensitive receptor sites essential. Since soluble chlamydial hemagglutinin consists of components of host cells and that of chlamydiae purification of hemagglutinin from chlamydiae is required in future studies. PMID- 7023130 TI - Ultrastructural study of interaction of group A streptococci with tissue culture cells. AB - Submicroscopic aspects of the adherence of Group A streptococci to HEp-2 cells and the time sequence of their further interaction with these cells were studied. The M+ variant of streptococci, characterized by the presence of filamentous protrusions on the cell wall, displayed a high capacity for adherence, in contrast to the M- variant of the same strain, where adherence was low. The first stage of the interaction between M+ variant of Group A streptococci and HEp-2 cells was adherence of the filamentous protrusions of the bacterial cell wall to host cell cytoplasmic membrane; this was followed by closer contact of the streptococcus cell wall with HEp-2 cell surface. Continuing incubation led to the development of invaginations in the cytoplasmic membranes of HEp-2 cells, into which streptococci gradually penetrated. Ingestion of streptococci into the forming pseudovacuoles of the host cell was accompanied by bacterial cell division, culminating in total disintegration of the host cell and release of the streptococci into the medium. At all stages of the interaction there was a pronounced tendency to form multiple contacts between the surface structures of the streptococcus cell and the membrane structures of the animal cell being attacked. PMID- 7023131 TI - [Results from the Central Laboratory for Streptococci Research in Kiel from 1965 to 1978 - Mastitis streptococci (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023132 TI - [High-immunogenic mutants of Salmonella with two independently of each other attenuating markers as potential vaccines from bacteria capable of multiplication. 2. Communication: spontaneous chromosomal resistance against antibiotics as a possibility for isolation of clones with decreased virulence (author's transl)]. AB - Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium with spontaneous chromosomal resistance against oleandomycin, streptothricin, nalidixic acid and rifampicin were investigated for their virulence behaviour with the i.p. mouse model. The strains resistant against the special antibiotic consists of a spectrum of various clones with a different behaviour of virulence: Additionally to obvious unchanged virulent strains there are such with a weak or strong attenuation. The majority of the attenuated strains protect the immunized mice against a following lethal wild strain infection. High-immunogenic attenuated double-marker mutants for application as potential vaccine strains may be isolated with the aid of a step by step introduction of a second attenuating "resistance"-marker in a one-marker strain, attenuated for another reason. These strains show the following parameters: -stability under the conditions of practical vaccine application, because a simultaneous back-mutation in both attenuating markers by reason of the unrealizable germ numbers will not occur, -immunogenicity by one immunization only, -separation from homologous wild strains of another origin with simple laboratory methods. This obvious generally acting biological principle is explained on the basis of molecular biological considerations and by referring to the literature. A test for orientation using an attenuated RNA-polymerase mutant showed, the resistance against rifampicin and attenuation are transferred together by co-transduction. PMID- 7023133 TI - [Active immunization to experimental salmonellosis in mice protective properties of Salmonella R mutants against infection with different pathogenic Salmonella species (author's transl)]. AB - Mice (NMRI) were immunized twice with acetone-killed bacteria from 13 different Salmonella R-mutant and 6 Salmonella S form strains. Of the R mutants one strain was a semirough mutant, 9 strains belonged to the chemotype Ra, one to chemotype Rb2 and 2 to chemotype Re. Of the S forms 2 strains derived from serological group B, 2 from group D1 and one strain from each of group C1 and C2. Ten days after immunization the animals were challenged with increasing numbers of S-form bacteria (the same S strains as those used for immunization) administered intraperitoneally. The virulence (LD50) of the strains used was between 6 x 10(2) and 3 x 10(5) cells. The results show that every mutant was capable of affording protection to the S-form bacteria used, i.e. the protection was not confined to the species used for immunization; nevertheless differences in the degree of protection were present. These differences were found both in the ability of the different mutants to protect towards the same infecting microorganism and in the protection obtained by individual mutants towards infection with the different S forms. With certain strains a relatively high degree of protection was obtained, with others the protection was low compared to that seen with homologous S form vaccines. In infection with s. typhimurium, unlike infection with other S-forms, the homologous R mutants were superior to the other mutants in their immunizing properties. Immunization with heterologous S-forms yielded similar results as those obtained with R mutants. S-forms with identical O-antigens were not necessarily comparable in their protective properties. Although the protective effect of R mutants was generally lower than that produced by homologous S-form vaccines, the present results show that in a few cases an equally high protection may also be obtained by R mutants. The present results lead to the conclusion that the cell-surface of Salmonella contains, in addition to the known antigens, other components playing an important role in inducing immunity to infection. A partial divergence in the pattern of such components among the different vaccines, would explain the extension of immunity obtained by the heterologous species also. PMID- 7023134 TI - Phosphate localization in carbohydrates - a study on enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides. AB - The localization of the phosphate substituents in the core oligosaccharide of the lipopolysaccharides of Enterobacteriaceae has been reported for Salmonella minnesota and Escherichia coli B only. In these cases the localizations were done by a beta-elimination reaction in mild alkaline solution after periodate oxidation. We report now on a method generally applicable on carbohydrates. The localization of phosphate groups and the extent of substitution with phosphate residues in carbohydrates can be determined by the following reaction sequence: methylation, dephosphorylation, and reetherification (labelling) with C2H3J or C2H5J followed by derivatizing to partially methylated alditol acetates and analysis by combined gas liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results presented here are obtained by application of this method to isolated core oligosaccharides of lipopolysaccharides from E. coli C23.1, E. coli C71, E. coli F2515, and P. mirabilis R4/O 28. Phosphate is localized at C-4 of the chain heptoses in the lipopolysaccharides of E. coli C and E. coli R4, and at C-7 of the branching heptose in the lipopolysaccharide of P. mirabilis R4/O 28. PMID- 7023135 TI - Agreement and disagreement between laboratories in species identification of mycobacteria. AB - Twenty coded strains of the following species: Mycobacterium avium, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. chelonei, M. intracellulare, M. kansasii, M. nonchromogenicum, M. scrofulaceum, M. terrae, M. triviale and M. xenopi, were subjected to identification in a co-operative study undertaken by seven laboratories of four countries (CSSR, GDR, PRP and USSR). Three of these laboratories recognized 18-19 (90-95%) of the strains, three others 15-17 (75-85%) and one laboratory recognized 8 (40%) strains. In the correctly identified species, agreement between the tests used by all participants was evaluated. The highest rates of agreement in positive or negative results (04-100%) were obtained for nitrate reduction, detection of arylsulphatase, urease and nicotinamidase in M. kansasii, M. avium-intracellulare and M. fortuitum. PMID- 7023136 TI - [New aspects for the evaluation of health effects caused by exposure against halogenated hydrocarbons at the working place. A literature review (author's transl)]. AB - Halogenated hydrocarbons with over 150 toxicological relevant substances represent a considerable group among the numerous noxes at the working-places. Tri- and perchloroethylene are industrially widely used solvents for cleaning, degreasing and extraction. At the workplace the main amount of intake occurs via lung. Hepato-, nephro-, neuro- and cardiotoxicological effects are important solvent-induced health impairments. If the valid maximum concentrations in the work area (MAK-value) for the specific substance is not exceeded, altogether health hazards are impropable. With information of the "Unfallverhutungsbericht" only 23 cases of intoxications at the workplace were indemnified in 1977 for the first time. The causes for this low number are: installation of closed equipments, automation of the procedures and improvement of the personal hygiene. However praxis in occupational medicine shows, that there is a great number of persons in small firms that has contact with these solvents. For the surveillance and judgement of these solvent-exposed persons exist two methods. First the airborne concentration of the chemical compound can be determined at the working area. Second the solvent and/or its metabolites can be quantitative analyzed in the biological material. This method, called "biological Monitoring (BM)" has important advantages. BM should be prefered in cases of non-continuous, short term exposures to concentrations of high degree. The judgement has to be done in relation to biological permissible limits (Biologische Arbeitsstoff-Toleranz Werte, BAT, biological threshold limit values, BTLV's). Based on our longtime experience this specific and sensitive method should be used with priority. PMID- 7023137 TI - [Thoughts on the history of gynecology]. PMID- 7023138 TI - Stereotaxic surgery in developing countries--a review. PMID- 7023139 TI - [Immunoglobulins and their specific activity in Far Eastern scarlatina-like fever]. PMID- 7023140 TI - [Effect of a pulsatile magnetic field on Shigella flexneri]. PMID- 7023141 TI - [Role of the first All-Russian Conferences of Bacteriologists and Epidemiologists in controlling epidemics of parasitic typhus (on the 60th anniversary of the 4th Conference)]. PMID- 7023142 TI - [Biochemical properties of Escherichia, Vibrio cholerae, and Shigella toxins]. PMID- 7023143 TI - [Oral intestinal vaccines and their effectiveness in the rabbit intestinal loop model. III. Effectiveness of oral immunization with live and chemical vaccines]. AB - The effectiveness of the oral immunization of rabbits was manifested by a decrease in the number of virulent Shigella penetrating enterocytes, by the limited proliferation of bacteria in the epithelium and by the less pronounced ulcerous inflammation of the mucous membrane in the intestinal loops even after infection with large doses (10(9) bacteria). In electron microscopy this was manifested by the destruction of Shigella cells in heterophagosomes formed in enterocytes. The degree of fluid accumulation in the injected intestinal loops of immunized animals did not correlate either with the manifest morphological changes, or with the level of serum antibodies. The effectiveness of immunization was more pronounced after the introduction of smaller doses of virulent Shigella (10(7)-10(8) bacteria), when even Boivin's vaccine, though less effective, led to a decrease in the number of Shigella cells penetrating enterocytes, prevented their proliferation in the epithelium, its destruction and the development of inflammation. PMID- 7023144 TI - [Activity of T- and B-system lymphocytes in generalized purulent infections]. AB - The comparison of the results obtained in the study of blood samples taken from 37 septic patients and 60 healthy persons has revealed that general purulent infection is accompanied by a drop in the percentage and absolute content of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, by a rise in the level off D-lymphocytes, by a considerable increase in the number of O-cells. At the same time the patients with general purulent infection show a change in the functional activity of the B system of lymphocytes, which is manifested by a decrease in the amount of IgM and IgG, an increase in the titers of antibodies to staphylococci, strain 209p. These data suggest that in general purulent infection profound disturbances occur in the immune system of the body. PMID- 7023145 TI - [Application of infrared spectroscopy to enterobacteria research]. AB - The influence of technology used in the preparation of spectroscopic specimens on the intensity of analytical adsorption bands in the infrared spectra of intact microbial cells has been studied with the use of mathematical planning methods. The optimal technology of specimen preparation by KBr immersion has been selected. This technology ensures the measuring of the relative optical density of the main analytical adsorption bands with an error not exceeding 3%. As an example, several E. coli strains have been used to demonstrate the possibility of their differentiation by the infrared adsorption spectra of intact cells. PMID- 7023146 TI - [Phagocytic activity on staphylococcal infections]. PMID- 7023147 TI - [Antigenic relations between enteropathogenic Escherichia O151:K, Citrobacter and Hafnia]. AB - The strains isolated from acute dysentery patients and convalescents and identified as E. coli O151:K--were studied. Diagnostic errors due to inexact genus determination were revealed, and the isolated strains were found to belong to Citrobacter and Hafnia. The main biochemical differences allowing to differentiate E. coli O151:K--from these two genera were established. The study also showed the necessity of some tests, such as the tests for citrate assimilation in Simmons' medium and sodium malonate assimilation, the determination of indole production, the determination of differences in the methyl red and Voges--Proskauer reactions at different temperatures. The poor unilateral antigenic relationship of the strains under study, agglutinating with antiserum to E. coli O151, Citrobacter O1 and O14 and Hafnia C18 was revealed. PMID- 7023148 TI - [Results of immunologic examination of the population for tularemia in the eastern portion of the Baikal-Amur Main Line]. PMID- 7023149 TI - [Determination of the subtypes of Y. pseudotuberculosis isolated from patients with Far Eastern scarlatina-like fever in the Primorskii Krai]. PMID- 7023150 TI - [60th anniversary of the Department of Microbiology I of the Sechenov Medical Institute]. PMID- 7023151 TI - [Adhesiveness, invasiveness and enterotoxicity of the agents of intestinal infections]. PMID- 7023153 TI - [Characteristics of the plasmid complex in Salmonella suipestifer]. PMID- 7023152 TI - [Characteristics of Shigella sonnei isolated from different regions of the USSR from 1974 to 1979]. AB - The data on the relative significance of Sh. sonnei cultures in the totally of the cultures of all Shigella species circulating in different areas of the USSR in 1974--1979 are presented. The study of 527 Sh. sonnei strains resulted in their description based on 32 biochemical characteristics. The strains under study were typical in most of their constant characteristics, deviations being recorded in salicin (0.9%), argininee (1.9%) and arabinose (10%). The peculiarities of the biochemical reactions of the strains under study, grown in media containing glycerin, raffinose, xylose, lactose, sucrose, rhamnose, ornithine and arginin, were established, which proved to have a considerable practical value for the identification of Sh. sonnei circulating in the USSR. The data on the fermentation time of rhamnose, xylose and maltose allowed to biochemically differentiate 7 biovars of Sh. sonnei. PMID- 7023154 TI - [Transformation reaction study of E. coli competence]. PMID- 7023155 TI - [Serologic affinity and specificity of action of pseudotuberculosis and coli dysentery phages]. AB - The study of serological properties, specificity and the range of action has revealed affinity between Y. pseudotuberculosis phages (PST, 3M, Kotlyarova, 2344, 2391), some coliphages (T2, T3, T4) and Sh. dysenteriae phage (dd IV). The existence of serovar III of Y. pseudotuberculosis phages has been established; to this serovar phage PST belongs. Newly isolated 2344 and 2391 belong to serovar I. The problem of the existence of Y. pseudotuberculosis phages as an independent group is discussed. PMID- 7023156 TI - [Complementary rosette study of peripheral blood B-lymphocytes of schizophrenic patients]. AB - Examinations of the B-cell immunity system in schizophrenic patients showed that the content of B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood exceeded normal (the difference being statistically significant). The patients' lymphocyte populations had twice as much (as compared with normal) cells with increased density of immunoglobulin receptors on the superficial membrane. This points to an increase of the functional activity of B-lymphocytes in schizophrenia. The pathogenetic significance of B-cell superficial receptors was the greatest in the acute period of the schizophrenic process. PMID- 7023157 TI - [Immunologic studies of neuropsychiatric diseases]. PMID- 7023158 TI - Obituary: Irena Mochnacka. PMID- 7023159 TI - Comparison of the mechanism of action of cyclic 11,12-erythromycin A carbonate and erythromycin A. AB - Synthesis of polyphenylalanine and polylysine in the E. coli MRE 600 and Q 13 cell-free systems was inhibited by erythromycin A and cyclic 11, 12-erythromycin A carbonate to a similar or identical extent. Both compounds inhibited translation of phage f2 RNA in the E. coli Q13 cell-free system. Neither antibiotic affected binding of initiator tRNA or phage f2 RNA to E. coli ribosomes, and neither inhibited translation of BMV RNA in the wheat-germ cell free system. PMID- 7023160 TI - Characterization of tilorone-induced mouse migration inhibitory factor by affinity chromatography and isoelectric focusing. AB - Administration of tilorone to mice highly reproducibly induces a nontoxic serum migration inhibitory factor (MIFt) which was previously shown to originate from macrophages. The inhibitory activity could partially be purified by affinity chromatography on alpha-L-fucose-Sepharose 6B columns. Isoelectric focusing demonstrated two separable chemical entities with IEPs of about 4.0 and 5.9. While the first constitutes the inducible MIFt, the latter apparently represents migration inhibitory serum factor being found also in normal mouse serum. PMID- 7023161 TI - [Review of general surgery 1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023162 TI - [Infection in heart surgery]. PMID- 7023163 TI - Enhanced release of T3 and rT3 compared to T4 from thyroglobulin during autolysis of dog thyroid homogenate. AB - Previous studies on the secretion of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) from perfused dog thyroids have indicated that a differential rate of secretion of various iodothyronines may take place. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the proteolysis of thyroglobulin taking place during secretion could be involved in this phenomenon. Homogenate from the same dog thyroid was incubated either at pH 3.6 for 18 h without added protease or with pronase at pH 8.4 for 18 h. Iodothyronines were measured radioimmunologically in ethanol extracts of the hydrolysates. No significant deiodination of T4 to T3 and rT3 took place during incubation. During acid autolysis 17.5 +/- 3.5% (mean +/- SE, n = 5) of the T4 found after pronase hydrolysis was liberated, while 31.6 +/- 4.8% of the T3 and 21.2 +/- 4.2% of the rT3 were liberated (both values were significantly higher than that found for T4). Since iodothyronines in thyroglobulin are released nearly quantitatively during pronase hydrolysis, the results indicate that thyroid proteases acting at acid pH, liberates T3 and rT3 more easily than T4 from thyroglobulin. This could be the mechanism behind the relatively high secretion of T3 and rT3 observed during acceleration of secretion from perfused thyroid lobes, and the relatively high secretion of T4 observed during deceleration of secretion. PMID- 7023164 TI - Plasma insulin, C-peptide, and blood glucose in portal, hepatic and peripheral veins in liver cirrhosis. Effect of intravenous tolbutamide. AB - The responses of portal, hepatic and peripheral venous blood glucose (BG), plasma insulin (IRI) and C-peptide (IRC) levels to iv tolbutamide (200 mg) have been determined in 9 non-diabetic patients with liver cirrhosis and in 6 control subjects. The basal levels of plasma IRI and IRC were similar in patients and controls as were the portal and peripheral BG levels. In the hepatic vein, however, the BG-levels were higher in cirrhotic patients than in controls. After tolbutamide administration the BG-levels were unchanged in the cirrhotic patients but a significant fall in hepatic vein BG was observed in controls. In both groups of subjects the highest post-tolbutamide IRI-levels were found in the portal vein whereas the corresponding IRC-levels were as high in the hepatic as in the portal vein. The increments of portal venous IRI and IRC were significantly higher in controls as compared to the cirrhotic patients. Nevertheless, in the peripheral veins the increments of IRI and IRC were very similar in both groups of subjects or even less in the control subjects. The results suggest that in patient with liver cirrhosis the secretion of insulin is not increased but slightly decreased. The production of glucose by the liver also seems to be increased either due to insulin resistance or portal venous shunting of insulin. PMID- 7023166 TI - Cimetidine vs placebo: complete gastric ulcer pain relief. Six week controlled double blind study without any antacid therapy. AB - We studied the efficacy of cimetidine or placebo in relieving ulcer pain on 27 endoscopically-proven gastric ulcer outpatients in a randomized controlled prospective double blind trial. There were 12 patients in the cimetidine (1,200 mg daily) treated group and 15 patients in the placebo treated group. No antacid was allowed, but a placebo antacid with no neutralizing capacity was given as needed for pain. The incidence of complete pain relief at 2 and 4 weeks was 58% and 67% in the cimetidine treated patients, and 60% and 80% in the placebo treated patients. At 6 weeks of treatment there was no increase in the number of patients with complete pain relief in either group. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the incidence of ulcer pain relief at any of the 3 observation periods. Gastric ulcer healing rates and gastric ulcer pain relief were compared at 2 and 4 weeks. The cimetidine treated group healed 17% with 58% pain relief, and the placebo treated group had no ulcers healed at 2 weeks with 60% complete pain relief. There was no statistical association between ulcer healing and pain relief in both treatment groups at the 2 week evaluation period, but there was statistical association (P less than .05) at 4 weeks. The results of this study demonstrated that in gastric ulcer outpatients treated for 6 weeks: 1) the complete relief of gastric ulcer pain is not influenced by treatment with cimetidine when compared to placebo, and 2) there is no association between complete pain relief and the presence of an endoscopically proven gastric ulcer during the first 2 weeks of treatment with either cimetidine or placebo. PMID- 7023165 TI - Endocrine pathology of infants of diabetic mothers. A quantitative morphological analysis including a comparison with infants of iso-immunized and of non-diabetic mothers. PMID- 7023167 TI - [Blood glucose abd hormonal counterregulation in juvenile type I diabetics during exercise (author's transl)]. AB - A decline in blood glucose is observed in juvenile insulin-treated diabetics after an exercise test. Though a prompt rise in counter regulatory hormones is seen, a compensation of the lowered glucose level did not take place. This is the result of a more rapid absorption of the s.c. injected insulin during and after physical activity. PMID- 7023168 TI - Personality and psychosomatic diseases. PMID- 7023169 TI - [Diagnostic validity of extemporaneous cytological examination in CNS tumors. Apropos of 74 cases]. PMID- 7023170 TI - [Correct approach to the surgical treatment of epilepsy]. PMID- 7023171 TI - The permeability of the blood-brain barrier and cell membranes to horseradish peroxidase in hyperammonaemia. PMID- 7023172 TI - Microtopography and clinical adhesiveness of an acid etched tooth surface. An in vivo study. AB - The clinical adhesiveness as expressed by the critical surface tension and roughness of an acid etched tooth surface was studied as a function of time; from time of acid "conditioning" and at selected time intervals up to seven days. The critical surface tensions of the tooth surface were calculated from clinical contact angle measurements as were values for change in roughness. SEM micrographs of the surfaces were obtained for visual comparisons. The results indicate that the surface of the tooth returns to its original state of adhesiveness and roughness in a relatively short period of time as a consequence of the adsorption of a biofilm, the acquired pellicle. PMID- 7023173 TI - Induction of labor with and without primary amniotomy. A randomized study of prostaglandin E2 tablets and intravenous oxytocin. AB - A comparative study of labor induction has been performed on 471 consecutive patients. Primary amniotomy was performed in 227 cases, and 103 of these patients were stimulated, 57 patients with PGE2 tablets and 46 with oxytocin. In the remaining 124 cases labor was induced within 4 hours without medical stimulation. Primary amniotomy was omitted in 244 cases, as the head was not engaged and the cervix was unripe. After random allocation to the treatment groups 125 patients received PGE2 tablets (ProstinR), and 119 patients received oxytocin intravenously. After 2 days of stimulation without primary amniotomy, delivery was induced in 83 per cent of the patients receiving PGE2 and in 84 per cent of the patients receiving oxytocin. All patients on whom primary amniotomy had been performed were delivered on the first day. There was no difference in the success rate between PGE2 and oxytocin treatments in patients with the same Bishop score. The performance of amniotomy at the beginning of induction led to a significantly lower total dose as well as a lower maximal dose of PGE2 and oxytocin. There was no difference in the duration of active labor in patients receiving PGE2 or oxytocin. There were no differences in the incidence of fetal distress and low Apgar scores between the different groups. No serious side effects occurred. Vomiting and diarrhea in 14 patients (8 per cent) receiving PGE2 was in contrast to 3 patients with these symptoms (2 per cent) in the oxytocin group. Oral administration of PGE2 is a convenient, effective and safe alternative to oxytocin for the induction of labor; however, PGE2 was not found superior to oxytocin in cases with a low Bishop score. PMID- 7023174 TI - Glucose tolerance following oral salbutamol treatment in late pregnancy. AB - Previous studies in pregnancy have shown that intravenous infusion of beta 2 sympathomimetic drugs, such as salbutamol, is followed by pronounced carbohydrate and lipid metabolic effects. Similar effects, though less pronounced, have also been demonstrated after oral salbutamol administration. Glucose elimination and insulin response after an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were analyzed in 12 women treated with oral salbutamol in the last trimester of pregnancy. IVGTT was performed without salbutamol and after at least 10 and up to 45 days of salbutamol treatment. No significant difference in either glucose elimination or insulin response to the glucose load were observed as a consequence of the salbutamol medication. This is in agreement with previous studies of other beta 2-sympathomimetic drugs and indicates that the use of salbutamol in late pregnancy does not give rise to serious disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism in healthy women. PMID- 7023175 TI - Acetylcholinesterase staining of fiber components in feline and human recurrent laryngeal nerve. Topography of laryngeal motor fiber regions. PMID- 7023176 TI - Fibre size frequency in the recurrent laryngeal nerves of man and giraffe. PMID- 7023177 TI - Differentiation of cochlear afferent neurons. PMID- 7023178 TI - The cochlear implant: 1980 update. PMID- 7023179 TI - Activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in full-term newborn infants during the first week of life. AB - A study was performed in 7 healthy full-term newborn infants with mean birth weight of 3130 g (range, 2650-2850 g) and a mean gestational age of 38.8 weeks (range, 37-41 weeks) to investigate the postnatal changes of plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PA) and urinary aldosterone excretion (UAE) in relation to electrolyte balance. PRA, PA and UAE fell significantly from their initially high values of 28.36 +/- 3.6 ng/ml/hr 1.5 +/- 3 ng/ml and 7.1 +/- 1.9 microgram/day on the first day to 6.84 +/- 2.9 ng/ml/hr (p less than 0.01), 0.71 +/- 0.1 ng/ml (p less than 0.01) and 5.5 +/- 1.6 microgram/day (p less than 0.05), respectively, on the 5th day. No significant correlation was found between either PRA and PA or PA and UAE. PRA and UAE showed a significant negative correlation with dietary sodium intake, the other parameters of sodium and potassium homeostasis, however, had no apparent influence on the activity of RAAS. The initial high level and the rapid postnatal decline in RAAS activity has been attributed to perinatal stress imposed by labour and delivery and not to the changes in sodium or potassium balance in the early days of life. PMID- 7023180 TI - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the newborn: postoperative CPAP treatment. PMID- 7023181 TI - Neonatal anthropometry: its value in the assessment of nutritional status and neonatal blood glucose homeostasis. AB - The use and application of neonatal anthropometry in newborns with different body measurements and nutritional evaluation status is reviewed. The neonatal blood glucose level has been used as a model in testing the predictive value of various indices of body size for the capacity of neonatal blood glucose homeostasis. For example, combining weight and length deficit from the expected means for gestational age and relative body measurements such as weight for length and ponderal index not only convey information about the type and magnitude of growth impairment, but are also good predictors of the risk of hypoglycaemia within the different anthropometric groups of growth retarded infants. Efforts have been made to delineate the diagnostic criteria by somatic measurements for identification of the different degrees and types of intrauterine growth deviation. The anthropometric approach to the heterogeneity of the intrauterine growth pattern seems to be a simple and very useful tool in somatic classification and evaluation of the newborn infant. In addition to the assessment of body proportions and nutritional status, the anthropometric approach can be of great help in exploring the relationship of body size and the physiological adaptation to the extrauterine environment. PMID- 7023182 TI - Childhood leukaemia: therapeutic and experimental approach. AB - A summary is given of some activities of the Hungarian Study Group for Childhood Leukaemia. Coordinated efforts within the Study Group led to improved therapeutic results. The median survival of patients diagnosed in 1971 was 12 months. For a comparison, out of the 57 patients diagnosed in 1978, 34 are still in their first remission. Experimental work designed to approach the pathomechanism of the disease provided the following main points of interest. 1. Children diagnosed to have L1 type ALL according to the FAB categories fare better than those with L2. 2. ADA activity was essentially normal in patients being in remission and their parents. 3. Steroid receptor determinations can be of value in the planning of therapy. 4. Very low as well as very high initial WBC count indicates a bad prognosis. 5. Children who possess the DR 5 histocompatibility antigen have a better outlook for long complete remissions and cure. 6. Growth hormone secretion and, accordingly, growth rate was normal in the long surviving patients. 7. There was a slight impairment in the performance IQ of children who were under 6 years of age at the time of diagnosis. 8. Emotional disturbances were universal in all patients, but could be much alleviated by regular psychological care and play activity. 9. So far we observed one patient with a second malignancy: his AML manifested 4 years after the successful removal and chemo-radiotherapy of his brain tumour. 10. Children in long, continuous remission-thought to be cured of their disease-possess normal remission lymphocytes with a significantly shorter cell cycle than controls. PMID- 7023183 TI - A comparison of three infant feeding formulae for the prevention of delayed recovery after infantile gastroenteritis. PMID- 7023184 TI - Deposition of IgA-dominant immune-complexes in muscular vessels from patients with IgA nephropathy. AB - The emergence of immunoglobulin depositions in muscular vessels from patients with IgA nephropathy was examined to determine whether the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy was mediated by circulating IgA-dominant immune-complexes. Muscle biopsy specimens were obtained from the right flank at the same time of modified open renal biopsy. These biopsy samples were stained with fluorescein-conjugated anti human IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and C3 antisera. It was demonstrated that the depositions of IgA and/or C3 were observed in muscular vessels from some patients with IgA nephropathy. It is indicated that IgA nephropathy might be mediated by circulating IgA-dominant immune-complexes. PMID- 7023185 TI - Autoimmune anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis induced with isologous renal antigen in rats. AB - In an attempt to reproduce "glycoprotein nephritis", nephritogenic glycoprotein or glycopeptides were prepared from isologous renal cortices by the method of Shibata et al. Rats of Wistar Imamichi that were given a single injection with glycoprotein or glycopeptides in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) to the hind footpads developed glomerulonephritis. Light microscopic findings were essentially similar to those in their reports. However, in spite of similar materials and methods as they used, immunofluorescent findings were entirely different; localization of rat IgG and complement showed a "linear pattern" in contrast to their "mesangial pattern." Linear pattern in immunofluorescent study supports a notion that we succeeded in induction of autoimmune anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis (Steblay's type nephritis) by immunization with isologous renal antigen. PMID- 7023186 TI - Characterization of a human epithelial cell line with special reference to its ultrastructure. AB - A commercially available cell line (NCTC 2544) originating from presumably normal human skin was chosen as an in vitro model system for subsequent studies of the effects of different agents on human epithelial cells. The cell line, therefore, was ultrastructurally and otherwise characterized at intervals by techniques which allow standardized controls of the model. The cell line was classified as epithelial both by phase contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The cells were polygonal, fully developed desmosomes were demonstrated and no extracellular filamentous material was observed. Specific epidermal markers like keratohyalin granules or keratinosomes were not demonstrated. Comparison of the nuclear morphology of cells from 1, 3 and 6 days old cultures revealed that only minor changes took place. The same was true for cytoplasmic features. Thus this cell line has a well-defined ultrastructural morphology. Flow cytometry studies showed the cell line to be tetraploid, with no sub-populations with other ploidies. Surface antigens were typed by a microcytotoxicity assay using 12 different antisera. The electrophoretic patterns of the isoenzymes lactate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase were human. The cells did not form colonies in soft agar. Though several parameters indicate that this cell line is not a HeLa cell contaminant, this possibility cannot, however, be totally excluded. PMID- 7023188 TI - [Lex Szaparyana]. PMID- 7023187 TI - Cell-associated immunoglobulin in human non-Hodgkin lymphomas. A comparative study of surface immunoglobulin on cells in suspension and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin by immunohistochemistry. AB - Eighty-three non-Hodgkin lymphomas classified according to the Kiel classification have been studied with regard to surface immunoglobulin (sIg) on cells in suspension and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (cIg) by the peroxidase anti peroxidase method (PAP) on formaline-fixed tissue sections. Fifty-six out of 66 examined (i.e. 85%) revealed a monoclonal staining pattern for sIg, whereas 37/70 (53%) gave a monoclonal staining pattern for cIg by PAP. The methods combined gave a monoclonal staining pattern in 73/83, i.e. in 88%, of the biopsies tested. The discrepancies between the two methods were largest in centroblastic/centrocytic and lymphocytic lymphomas. With regard to the light chain staining patterns, complete agreement between the two methods was obtained in the 20 cases that allowed such analysis to be made. This suggests that the specificity of PAP, as carried out in this study with reagents purified by immunoabsorbent techniques, is satisfactory. On a basis of heavy chain isotypes centroblastic/centrocytic, lymphoplasmacytoid, and immunoblastic lymphomas could be divided into distinct immunological subgroups. In four biopsies the sIg heavy chains were mu + delta, whereas mu + gamma chains were detected by PAP. This finding may be relevant to the mu leads to gamma switch known to occur during normal B-cell differentiation. Immunoglobulin inclusions were found in 8 cases--3 belonging to the immunoblastic group, and 5 to the lymphoplasmacytoid group. PMID- 7023189 TI - Detection of insulin in cadavers. PMID- 7023190 TI - [Application of thermometric methods of pharmacoanalysis. I. Basic principles]. PMID- 7023192 TI - [Use of quantitative angiodensitometry for an experimental blood flow model]. PMID- 7023191 TI - The preparation of N-glycosyl derivatives of polyene macrolide antibiotics and their comparative antifungal activities. PMID- 7023193 TI - Angiodensitometry and microdensitometry in the evaluation of bone healing. PMID- 7023194 TI - Computerized tomography (CT-scan) of a 2,500-year-old Danish "Queen". PMID- 7023195 TI - Isosexual precocious puberty associated with multilocular arachnoid cysts at the cranial base. Report of a case. PMID- 7023196 TI - [English model of training in child psychiatry]. PMID- 7023197 TI - [The psychiatrist and contemporary man]. PMID- 7023198 TI - [Surgery of Peyronie's disease using a skin graft]. PMID- 7023199 TI - [Hemoculture in a urology department. First part: Its clinical evaluation]. PMID- 7023200 TI - [Conservative treatment and prosthetic significance of the upper wisdom teeth]. PMID- 7023201 TI - [A tribute to Henri Lentulo]. PMID- 7023202 TI - The balanced placebo design: methodological considerations. PMID- 7023203 TI - [The problem of retention in protheses for children]. PMID- 7023204 TI - Genetic, metabolic, and biochemical aspects of the porphyrias. PMID- 7023205 TI - Segregation analysis. PMID- 7023206 TI - [What do we know of nutrition of children and juveniles in prehistoric and early historic time?]. AB - News are added to Peiper's "chronicle of pediatrics" concerning nutrition of children and juveniles in prehistoric and early historic periods. This may make possible some conclusions about "paleonutrition". Items come from 15 exactly localised sites and 4 more vague defined regions from the neolithic period to 1000 A. D. PMID- 7023207 TI - Comparison of single-dose trimethoprim with a five-day course for the treatment of urinary tract infections in the elderly. AB - Ninety-six elderly patients (mean age 80 years) with acute urinary infections were treated in a single-blind trial, with either one 200 mg dose of trimethoprim or 200 mg b.d. for five days. After one week the initial pathogen was eliminated in 67% of patients who had received the single dose and in 94% who received the drug for five days. These differences were highly significant (P less than 0.01). After two weeks, the patients who had received trimethoprim for five days were significantly freer from infection than those who had received the single dose. The level of acquired resistance following trimethoprim was small. The single dose of trimethoprim was associated with less suppression of the faecal Enterobacteriaceae and the selection of less resistance in these organisms than the five-day course. Interrupted antibiotic courses may not be particularly prone to select resistance. Trimethoprim was well tolerated in the great majority of patients; only three patients suffered possible side-effects. PMID- 7023208 TI - The Lord Cohen medal for services to gerontology. PMID- 7023209 TI - [Lysosomal enzymes in ocular tissues and diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023210 TI - [Treatment of stricture of the male urethra]. PMID- 7023211 TI - Bacteriological quality of mink feed and its effect on the health of mink, as monitored by some clinical and blood parameters. PMID- 7023212 TI - Focus: Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center. Extended care service. PMID- 7023213 TI - Transplant surgery. AB - Exciting new advances in transplant surgery are arising from the research laboratory and from clinical experimentation. Methods of immunosuppression and operative techniques have become standardized for renal transplantation. Pretransplant blood transfusions, immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin A and a closed-circuit method of thoracic duct filtration hold promise for improved results in graft survival. Segmental pancreatic transplantation has recently been developed and may provide a brighter outlook for the multitude of patients with diabetes. PMID- 7023214 TI - Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic resistance. AB - Multiple-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains are gaining prominence because of their ability to colonize and infect patients, their facility for spreading rapidly throughout hospitals and their limited antibiotic sensitivity. Traditional antistaphylococcal drugs, such as the penicillinase-resistant semisynthetic penicillins and the cephalosporins, may be ineffective therapy for these infections. Heteroresistance to most other antibiotics, including the aminoglycosides at times, has reestablished vancomycin as a valuable drug for these resistant pathogens. PMID- 7023216 TI - Dextrocardia: systematic approach to differential diagnosis. PMID- 7023215 TI - Clinical effects of glucose-insulin-potassium on left ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction: results from a randomized clinical trial. PMID- 7023217 TI - The coronary collateral circulation: determinants and functional significance in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7023218 TI - Hospital or home for acute myocardial infarction: another look at whether or not we should bother to care. PMID- 7023219 TI - Recent advances in clinicohistopathologic correlates of sudden cardiac death. PMID- 7023220 TI - Combined vasodilator and inotropic therapy of heart failure: experimental and clinical concepts. AB - Vasodilators facilitate ventricular emptying by affording earlier onset of left ventricular (LV) ejection and increased stroke volume with achievement of a reduced end-systolic pressure and volume. Agents with positive inotropic properties increase stroke volume by shifting the end-systolic pressure-volume curve to the left through augmented force and velocity of contraction. With impedence reduction, improvement in pump performance occurs concomitant with reduced cardiac energy requirements (MVO2); positive inotropic agents most circumstances increase MVO2. The combination of a vasodilator and positive inotropic agent, as opposed to either alone, in the conscious animal shifts to the left and increases the slope of the LV end-systolic pressure-volume relation. Cardiac efficiency, defined by the slope of the relation between stroke volume and systolic tension, is increased by the combination of the drugs. In clinical heart failure, nitroprusside alone lowers LV preload with a modest increase in cardiac output (CO); dopamine markedly increases CO with little fall in LV preload. In combination the two agents achieve the individual beneficial effects of each drug, and cardiac efficiency indices are improved. Thus combined vasodilator and inotropic therapy appears to have a sound physiologic rationale and clinically documented beneficial effect superior to either modality alone. PMID- 7023222 TI - The new Medicaid proposals and competition in the health care system. PMID- 7023223 TI - Randomized controlled trial of vasodilator therapy after myocardial infarction. AB - Hemodynamic changes and mortality and morbidity were compared in a randomized controlled trial of sodium nitroprusside after acute myocardial infarction. Fifty patients with a mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of more than 20 mm Hg within 24 hours of acute infarction were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 25 patients treated with nitroprusside and 25 treated with furosemide. Nitroprusside rapidly produced a sustained decrease in systemic vascular resistance and increase in cardiac index (thermodilution). After 1 hour the cardiac index had increased 16 +/- 3 (mean +/- standard error of the mean) percent (p less than 0.001) compared with a decrease of 7 +/- 3 percent with administration of furosemide (p less than 0.01). Differences in systemic vascular resistance and cardiac index in the two groups persisted throughout the 48 hour treatment period (p less than 0.001). Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased rapidly with nitroprusside and slowly with furosemide so that, although it was significantly lower in the former group overall (p less than 0.001), by 48 hours the values were not different. Although beneficial acute hemodynamic effects of nitroprusside were demonstrated, there was no difference in mortality or in morbidity assessed clinically, by chest X-ray film, echocardiogram or graded treadmill stress testing after 6 months or 1 year. PMID- 7023221 TI - Comparative pharmacology and clinical efficacy of newer agents in treatment of heart failure. AB - The animal and human pharmacology of several new drugs (prazosin, trimazosin, pirbuterol, and carbazeran) useful in the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) is delineated in relation to the pharmacology of other agents employed for CHF management. Prazosin and trimazosin are selective alpha 1-blockers that cause a balanced increase in cardiac output (CO) and reduction in left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP); the reduction in diastolic blood pressure with these drugs is significantly related to increase in treadmill exercise, fall in LVFP, and increase in CO. Pirbuterol is a relatively selective beta 2-agonist with somewhat greater effects on CO than on LVFP. Early promise in CHF therapy is being shown by a novel series of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitors with combined direct inotropic and vasodilator effects. Double-blind long-term studies demonstrate persistent efficacy of prazosin and trimazosin in CHF as measured by improvement in New York Heart Association functional class, treadmill exercise performance, and noninvasive measures of cardiac function; these data are supported by studies in which repeat cardiac catheterization has been performed after several months of therapy. Double-blind studies of other CHF drugs are in progress. PMID- 7023224 TI - Comparison of bretylium tosylate and lidocaine in management of out of hospital ventricular fibrillation: a randomized clinical trial. AB - Bretylium tosylate was compared with lidocaine hydrochloride as initial drug therapy in 146 victims of out of hospital ventricular fibrillation in a randomized blinded trial. An organized rhythm was achieved in 89 and 93 percent and a stable perfusing rhythm in 58 and 60 percent of the patients who received bretylium and lidocaine, respectively. After initiation of advanced life support, an organized rhythm was first established after an average of 10.4 minutes and 10.6 minutes in the two respective groups, requiring an average of 2.8 defibrillatory shocks in those who received bretylium and 2.4 in the lidocaine treated patients. Comparable numbers of patients were discharged from the hospital: 34 percent of those given bretylium and 26 percent of the patients whose initial therapy was lidocaine. No instance of chemical defibrillation was observed with either drug. In this study, bretylium afforded neither significant advantage nor disadvantage compared with lidocaine in the initial management of ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 7023225 TI - Role of blood platelets and prostaglandins in coronary artery disease. AB - In the last decade, several studies evaluating blood platelet function in patients with coronary heart disease have been reported. Although several platelet function abnormalities such as enhanced platelet aggregation, decreased platelet survival and increase in platelet release reaction in the stable condition and during stress in patients with myocardial ischemia have been recognized, the mechanism of these abnormalities is just beginning to be understood. Discovery of certain platelet and endothelium-generated prostaglandins has provided some information as to the possible mechanism of platelet dysfunction. Abnormalities of prostaglandin production and platelet sensitivity to various prostaglandins may have an important bearing on the enhanced platelet aggregation in vivo, genesis of atherosclerosis and probably precipitation of acute ischemic events. Since the discovery of these prostaglandins, the precise mode of action of several commonly used platelet active drugs has been clarified. Development of new drugs acting at selective steps in the prostaglandin pathways may provide some exciting novel therapeutic procedures in patients with coronary heart disease. PMID- 7023226 TI - Detection of ABH tissue isoantigens by immunoperoxidase methods in normal and neoplastic urothelium. Comparison with the erythrocyte adherence method. AB - The expression of the ABH blood group antigens (BGAg) by carcinomas of the urinary bladder at the time of initial biopsy heralds a relatively benign clinical course, whereas antigen deletion in histologically similar tumors is often predictive of tumor recurrences and invasion. The use of BGAg as a tumor marker in the clinical setting has been limited by difficulties in demonstrating BGAg in tissue sections with the erythrocyte adherence test, especially for antigen H. In this study, immunoperoxidase methods were used to detect BGAg in deparaffinized tissue sections of normal and malignant human urothelium, and the results were compared with those of the erythrocyte adherence test performed on adjacent sections. Results with the two methods were similar for antigens A and B; however, a novel lectin-antilectin immunoperoxidase method was clearly superior for detecting antigen H. The immunoperoxidase method significantly reduced false-positive test results for antigen deletion in normal urothelium and more accurately predicted the subsequent clinical course in patients having urinary bladder cancer. PMID- 7023227 TI - Renal involvement in malignant histiocytosis. An immunoperoxidase marker study. AB - In two patients who had malignant histiocytosis, renal involvement was present at an early stage of their diseases and consisted clinically of proteinuria and renal failure. The associated renal lesion was characterized by a diffuse and global endocapillary hypercellularity of the glomeruli imputable to atypical cells occluding the capillary loops. Immunoglobulins were absent from this lesion. The atypical cells were positively identified by lysozyme immunoperoxidase study as malignant histiocytes. It is suggested that renal biopsy complemented by marker study could play a role in the diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis. PMID- 7023228 TI - Infection of bone by Mycobacterium fortuitum masquerading as Nocardia asteroides. AB - A case of traumatic osteomyelitis of the leg yielded on culture a branching partially acid-fast organism that failed to respond to therapy directed at Nocardia asteroides. Subsequent laboratory investigation revealed the organism to be Mycobacterium fortuitum. N. asteroides and M. fortuitum can demonstrate similar staining and morphologic patterns microscopically, as well as common colonial and cultural characteristics. Separation can be aided by careful examination of the branching pattern, and can be established by thin-layer chromatography of lipid extracts of the organism. Correct identification of these species in the laboratory is important because of some overlap in their clinical syndromes and because of differences in their susceptibilities to antibiotics. PMID- 7023229 TI - Evaluation of fluorescent antinuclear antibody test kit. PMID- 7023230 TI - Fluorescent nuclear antibodies. PMID- 7023231 TI - Thomas Byrd Magath, M.D., Ph.D. (1895-1981). PMID- 7023232 TI - Group B streptococcal septicemia and delayed-onset diaphragmatic hernia. A new clinical association. PMID- 7023233 TI - Treatment of graft-versus-host disease in human allogeneic marrow graft recipients: a randomized trial comparing antithymocyte globulin and corticosteroids. AB - This prospective randomized trial compared the effect of antihuman thymocyte globulin (ATG) versus corticosteroids as treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in recipients of HLA-identical allogeneic bone marrow transplants. Patients undergoing transplantation as therapy for either hematologic malignancies or aplastic anemia were given methotrexate as postgrafting immunosuppression. Patients who nevertheless developed acute GVHD of moderate severity were randomized to receive either corticosteroid therapy or ATG therapy. Thirty-seven patients were randomized: 20 patients received corticosteroids, and 17 received ATG. Both ATG and corticosteroids were in general well tolerated, although all patients receiving ATG developed fever and chills. Both treatment modalities were associated with a mild decrease in severity of GVHD after therapy. There was, however, no significant difference between treatment groups, whether assessed by improvement in specific organ involvement, improvement in the overall grade of GVHD, need for additional therapy for acute GVHD, or the proportion of patients who developed chronic GVHD. Infectious complications and survival were also not different between treatment groups. Thus, corticosteroids were as effective as ATG for the treatment of acute GVHD in recipients of HLA identical marrow transplants and, therefore, appear to be a reasonable choice as primary therapy for acute GVHD. PMID- 7023234 TI - ASHP directory. PMID- 7023235 TI - Use of cytochemistry and FAB classification in leukemia and other pathological states. PMID- 7023236 TI - Polymicrobial endocarditis involving Eikenella corrodens. AB - Two amphetamine abusers had polymicrobial endocarditis involving Eikenella corrodens as one of the infecting organisms. A 26-year-old woman with left-sided endocarditis due to S. aureus and Eikenella corrodens was treated successfully; however, severe mitral regurgitation resulted from the infection. In the second patient, a 29-year-old man with right-sided endocarditis, three organisms were isolated: a hemolytic Streptococcus, a non-hemolytic Streptococcus, and Eikenella corrodens. This is the first report of polymicrobial endocarditis involving Eikenella corrodens, and emphasizes the importance of this organism parenteral amphetamine abusers. Pitfalls in the diagnosis of polymicrobial endocarditis are discussed, with particular reference to the difficulties in the recognition and management of Eikenella valve infections. PMID- 7023237 TI - Effects of thioridazine dosage on the behavior of severely mentally retarded persons. AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of thioridazine (Mellaril) was conducted with severely retarded patients. Subjects were assessed on a relatively low standardized dose as well as on the individual dosage that had previously been determined clinically as most effective. Both active drug conditions caused a reduction in hyperactivity, bizarre behavior, and self-stimulation. The standardized dose, which was less than half the mean titrated level, resulted in an equivalent therapeutic response. The need for more attention to dosage levels in future investigations was emphasized. PMID- 7023238 TI - Organ transplantation series: liver transplantation. PMID- 7023239 TI - Primary dysmenorrhea treatment with prostaglandin inhibitors: a review. PMID- 7023240 TI - Actinomyces in the vaginas of women with and without intrauterine contraceptive devices. AB - Either Actinomyces israeli, A. naeslundii, or Arachnia propionica was found, by immunofluorescence studies, in cervicovaginal mucus from 36% of 50 women. One or more of these organisms were found in a surprising 27% of those with neither intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) nor intravaginal foreign bodies. The only common finding was abundant vaginal mucus, and no clinical features were more serious than vaginal itching, odor, or vague discomfort. Among those women who harbored actinomycetes, the average duration of continuous IUD use was 5.3 years; the comparable figure for those with no infection was 2.1 years. PMID- 7023241 TI - Secondary syphilitic uveitis. AB - A patient with secondary syphilis had positive serum and cerebrospinal fluid findings. Fluorescent-antibody darkfield testing demonstrated spirochetes (Treponema pallidum) in the aqueous. There were clinical signs of secondary syphilis, including palmar skin lesions and frontal balding, and bilateral nasal altitudinal visual field loss. The discrete, waxy, yellow-white retinal lesions became increasingly pigmented and later migrated anteriorly into the vitreous chamber. The patient was treated with large amounts of penicillin (total dosage, 440 million units) and probenecid. Visual acuity improved to R.E. : 6/9 (20/30) and L.E.: 6/12 (20/40) and the inflammatory reaction disappeared. A second aqueous tap eight weeks after therapy ended showed no spirochetes by fluorescent antibody testing. PMID- 7023242 TI - A Veterans Administration medical center optometry residency program. AB - A form of postgraduate optometric education began in 1973 with the initiation of residency programs within two colleges of optometry. The availability of residency programs for optometrists, however, was essentially nonexistent until the Veterans Administration became actively involved. The first Veterans Administration Optometry Residency Program was established by the Kansas City Veterans Administration Medical Center and the Illinois College of Optometry. This paper briefly discusses the development and philosophy of this program and describes its clinical and academic content and future goals. PMID- 7023243 TI - Lead in bone II: skeletal-lead content as an indicator of lifetime lead ingestion and the social correlates in an archaeological population. AB - Measurements of skeletal-lead content (by atomic absorption spectroscopy) were made for 16 individuals recovered from a Colonial (1670-1730) plantation cemetery in Virginia. Archaeological and historical evidence allowed the identification of two social groups (plantation proprietors and laborers) within this small population, each with vastly different estimated lifetime lead exposure, reflecting different living conditions. Measured bone-lead levels confirmed these differences. The character of plantation social organization proved a more important determinant of skeletal-lead content in the individuals studied than age, sex or race. PMID- 7023244 TI - Postmortem absorption of lead by the skeleton. AB - In a study of bones recovered from lead coffins at two sties in the United Kingdom, the lead concentration was so high that postmortem absorption seemed the most likely explanation. Electron probe analysis showed that in one bone from a lead coffin, the lead was concentrated on the surfaces of the bone, as would be expected if absorption had occurred after death. It is suggested that in any further study of the lead content of bones from archaeological sites, steps must be taken to assess environmental lead levels and if these are unusually high, the results of the analyses should be viewed with suspicion. PMID- 7023245 TI - The use of new antibiotics in colorectal surgery. PMID- 7023246 TI - Chondrosarcoma growth: influence of diabetes, caloric restriction, and insulin treatment. AB - Diabetes and malnutrition result in decreased somatomedin production and cartilage growth in rats. The growth and metabolism of the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma are dramatically affected by somatomedins. Data presented here show that streptozotocin diabetes and diet restriction inhibit in vivo chondrosarcoma growth. Tumors grown in diabetic rats were significantly smaller than tumors grown in diet-restricted rats showing the same changes in body weight. Insulin treatment increased the rate of tumor growth in diabetic rats. Tumors grown in rigidly controlled diabetic rats were as large as tumors grown in nondiabetic controls. Diet restriction and diabetes reduced the capacity of the serum of the rat to stimulate alpha-amino[14C]isobutyrate uptake and [3H]uridine incorporation into RNA in chondrosarcoma pieces grown in nondiabetic rats. This somatomedin activity of the serum was restored by treating diabetic rats with insulin. There was a significant correlation between the in vitro stimulatory effect of a particular serum pool on chondrosarcoma metabolism and in vivo chondrosarcoma growth in the animals from whom the serum was obtained. These studies demonstrate that the in vivo growth of malignant chondrocytes is similar to that of normal chondrocytes with respect to the role of nutrition and insulin. PMID- 7023247 TI - Decreased turnover of soluble liver proteins in mice with alloxan-induced diabetes. AB - Mice with alloxan-induced diabetes were used as a model to assess whether the synthesis and/or degradation of soluble liver proteins in general is affected in vivo by the diabetic state. Protein turnover was measured 2-3 wk after diabetes was induced. Degradation of liver cytosol proteins was decreased in diabetic mice as measured by the loss of protein radiolabeled with [14C]bicarbonate. The incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids into protein was also decreased in diabetic mice. When [3H]leucine was administered as the precursor for protein synthesis, the radiospecific activity of leucine derived from leucyl-tRNA in livers was similar in control and diabetic mice. Thus, the rate of protein synthesis appears to be decreased. There was no indication that diabetes affected the turnover of long- or short-lived proteins differentially. The activities of several cellular proteinases were unaffected or slightly decreased in livers of diabetic mice. These data indicate that protein turnover is decreased in this chronic form of diabetes. PMID- 7023248 TI - Handling of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone by renal proximal tubular segments in vitro. AB - [pyroglutamyl-3,4-3H]Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) was microperfused through isolated segments of rabbit proximal straight tubules and incubated with isolated brush border microvilli from rabbit renal tubules. About 4.8% of perfused 3H label was reabsorbed into the bathing medium per millimeter of tubule length per minute, and 1% or less of perfused label was sequestered per millimeter of nephron segment. The 3H label content of the bathing medium varied linearly with perfusion time (30 min), suggesting a constant rate of reabsorption. Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography showed that the collection fluid and brush border incubation medium contained significant amounts of labeled pGlu-His, pGlu-His-Trp, and pGlu-His-Trp-Ser, as well as LHRH, while the bathing medium contained pGlu, pGlu-His, pGlu-His-Trp-Ser, a very small amount of pGlu-His-Trp, and no LHRH. These data suggest that the partial hydrolysis of [3H]LHRH to these peptide metabolites takes place in proximal tubules through contact digestion by brush border enzymes. The metabolites and/or hormone are probably reabsorbed and broken down further within the cell to produce pGlu, which becomes an additional metabolite found in the bathing medium. PMID- 7023249 TI - Effect of low-level renal nerve stimulation on renin release from nonfiltering kidneys. AB - The mechanism whereby renal nerves influence the renin-release response to aortic constriction was examined in a nonfiltering ureter-occluded kidney preparation in anesthetized dogs. The kidney was rendered nonfiltering by a combination of mannitol infusion and ureteral occlusion. Suprarenal aortic constriction reduced renal perfusion pressure to 61 +/- 7 mmHg and increased renin release from 16.7 +/- 4.1 to 26.1 +/- 6.0 U/min. At normal renal perfusion pressure, low-frequency renal nerve stimulation (0.25 Hz) increased renin release by 11.6 +/- 4.2 to 25.1 +/- 7.6 U/min. The effect of combined low-level renal nerve stimulation and aortic constriction on renin release was additive; renin release increased by 24.6 +/- 6.5 to 39.5 +/- 7.3 U/min. Propranolol or metoprolol, administered intrarenally at 2 microgram . min-1 . kg-1, abolished the renin-release response to low-level renal nerve stimulation at normal renal perfusion pressure. These data provide evidence that low-frequency renal nerve stimulation influences the renin-release response to reduction in renal perfusion pressure in a nonfiltering ureter-occluded kidney with an inoperative macula densa receptor mechanism. The neural effect on renin release at normal renal perfusion pressure is mediated via beta 1-adrenoceptors probably located on the juxtaglomerular granular cells. PMID- 7023250 TI - Endocrine secretion of alpha-amylase by the pancreas. AB - The effect of the gastrointestinal hormone, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK PZ), on the flux of alpha-amylase across the basolateral surface of the pancreas into interstitial fluid was measured by following its appearance in the medium bathing whole rabbit pancreas in organ culture. CCK-PZ increased the rate of amylase release by about an order of magnitude for the maximum applied dose. The response was only observed at concentrations of CCK-PZ that were supramaximal for ductal enzyme secretion (320 pmol/l to 10 nmol/l). Over this range, amylase secretion into the bath varied widely with dose, whereas that into the duct remained relatively unchanged. These observations, in conjunction with others, suggest that the acinar cell, and not the duct system, is the direct source of this amylase and that there is a natural secretion of digestive enzyme from the acinar cell in the endocrine direction that is augmented by CCK-PZ or a homologous peptide. PMID- 7023251 TI - Protein phosphorylation in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. AB - In the heart and arterial smooth muscles, several proteins are phosphorylated. This review summarizes our current knowledge about these phosphoproteins and their possible role in the function of these muscles. In the contractile apparatus, the phosphorylation of myosin light chain seems to be an integral part of the contraction cycle of arterial smooth muscle. However, in the heart the relationship between light chain phosphorylation-dehosphorylation and systolic diastolic states remains open. In the heart, the phosphorylation of the inhibitory subunit of troponin, a myofibrillar protein, parallels the positive inotropic response induced by beta-adrenergic agonists. It seems likely that this phosphorylation is involved in the physiological stimulation of the heart by epinephrine. Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum contains a low-molecular-weight protein, phospholamban, the phosphorylation of which is required for Ca2+ transport. Ion fluxes through the heart sarcolemma may also be controlled through membrane protein phosphorylation. Key enzymes of the energy-yielding pathways in the heart, the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex and phosphorylase, are turned on and off by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation mechanisms. Our understanding of protein phosphorylation in the heart has advanced greatly. In contrast, with the exception of the myosin light chain, much less is known about the many proteins phosphorylated in arterial smooth muscle. PMID- 7023252 TI - Renal blood flow changes in contralateral kidney of Goldblatt hypertensive dog. AB - Sequential changes in systemic arterial blood pressure (BP), renal blood flow (RBF) in the contralateral kidney, and plasma renin activity (PRA) were examined on conscious dogs with construction of a single renal artery (RAC). An increase of 24 mmHg in bP occurred within 2 days after RAC, and BP later plateaued at a lower level. RBF in the contralateral kidney transiently increased by 24% and then returned to the control level in 11-14 days. PRA also peaked early after RAC and then returned to control. The clamp was tightened and the renal artery was occluded (RAO) 3-20 days after RAC. BP, RBF, and PRA increased to an even greater degree than after RAC. BP peaked at 145 mmHg, and RBF increased 61.5% at 2-3 days after RAO. BP and RBF both decreased but remained above the control for the duration of the study, BP at 127 mmHg and RBF at 256 ml/min. RBF per gram for the hypertrophied contralateral kidney was calculated from the RBF before death and the weight at death. The final RBF per gram of the contralateral kidney (2.7 ml.min-1.g-1) decreased and renal vascular resistance increased compared with the estimated control RBF/g (3.7 ml.min-1.g-1) and renal vascular resistance. These results suggest that the final RBF of the contralateral kidney is not increased in proportion to its increase in weight and that it may be relatively hypoperfused in two-kidney one-clip Goldblatt hypertension. PMID- 7023253 TI - Prolactin in psychiatry. AB - Prolactin is a protein hormone synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Because the monoamines dopamine and serotonin are important in the control of its secretion, prolactin has been the subject of much psychoendocrine research in recent years. The authors review some of the implications of the main findings of such research as they relate to schizophrenia, affective disorders, premenstrual syndrome, and alcoholism and discuss its possible usefulness to clinicians. As a research strategy, prolactin studies have a good potential for identifying specific neurotransmitters involved in discrete psychopathologic entities. PMID- 7023254 TI - Overview: applications of operant technology to behavioral disorders of adolescents. AB - Through a comprehensive review of the pertinent literature, the authors document the minimal impact of operant technology on adolescent psychiatry. Turning largely to the literature from other, nonmedical disciplines, they describe the development of effective behavioral interventions with inpatient populations, applications to the outpatient setting, and ethical and legal issues. The authors conclude that operant technology applied to behavioral disorders of adolescents can offer powerful and reliable therapeutic effects. They comment on the limited impact of operant technology on adolescent psychiatry and suggest future directions that may lead to greater interest and acceptance by psychiatrists. PMID- 7023255 TI - Descriptive and dynamic psychiatry: a perspective on DSM-III. AB - The APA Task Force on Nomenclature and Statistics attempted to make DSM-III a descriptive nosology that is atheoretical in regard to etiology. The authors believe that a sharp polarity between morphological classification and explanatory formulation is artificial and misleading, and they critically review DSM-III from a psychodynamic perspective. They compare and contrast the descriptive orientation in psychiatry with the psychodynamic orientation and conclude that the two approaches overlap, that they are complementary and necessary to each other, and that there is a descriptive data base underlying dynamic psychiatry which may be usefully included in future nomenclatures. PMID- 7023256 TI - New frontiers in Horney theory of self-realization. PMID- 7023257 TI - Henri Saint-Simon: his ideology and personality. PMID- 7023258 TI - GMENAC: its manpower forecasting framework. AB - The Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC) was an advisory group to the Secretary, US Department of Health and Human Services. Its charter ended September 30, 1980. It submitted 107 recommendations to achieve a better balance between future physician requirements and future physician supply, by specialty and geography. Among its contributions were the development of a manpower forecasting framework and series of models which are described here, together with the results of these models. These models may have significant utility in future human resource planning at both national and local levels. PMID- 7023259 TI - Cell typing in lymphoproliferative disorders. Use of a sensitive hemadsorption technique for sections of normal and abnormal lymphoid tissue. AB - We have adapted a hemadsorption technique originally devised to detect Fc receptors on human cancer cells for categorizing different lymphoid cells in frozen sections of normal and abnormal human biopsy specimens. The procedure is sufficiently sensitive to demonstrate T-lymphocytes and receptors on the cells in diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in sections which has been difficult, if not impossible, using other techniques. It demonstrates the expected distribution of B- and T- lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes in normal lymphoid organs. When used to type the cells of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, it furnishes results comparable to more tedious methods requiring cell separation: 63 of 74 non Hodgkin's lymphomas were classified as neoplasms of B-cells. In 16 cases of Hodgkin's disease of the nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity types, all major classes of lymphoid cells were present. The proliferating cells were typed as B cells in four cases of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy. PMID- 7023260 TI - [Effects of anesthesia and adaptation to manipulations and conditions of sacrifice on renin activity and plasma concentration of angiotensin II in rats]. PMID- 7023261 TI - [Physiopathology of inhibition and proposals for an original therapeutic response]. PMID- 7023262 TI - [Smoking or health (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023263 TI - [Continuous antibacterial activity of root canal fillings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023264 TI - Adaptive immunity of the tympanic membrane. AB - In a previous experiment an antiserum was developed in the rabbit from the lamina propria of the tympanic membrane of the guinea pig. In the present study 18 Hartley guinea pigs were used in an in vivo experiment in which the antiserum (RAGTM IgG) served passively to immunize the animals subjected to various forms of trauma to the right tympanic membrane. Two groups (18 animals) immunized with normal rabbit IgG or normal saline served as controls. The left tympanic membrane remained untouched in all groups and served as an internal control. Various forms of trauma (infection, cauterization, section), various times (one to 21 days), and diverse techniques of staining (immunofluorescence, complement, and immunoperoxidase) were studied. The results indicate that the combination of trauma and sensitization in the first group evokes a particular response in the lamina propria of the tympanic membrane in immunized animals (RAGTM IgG). The form of trauma does not influence the results, but time seems to be an important factor. This work addresses several questions concerning the possible role of the combination of trauma and sensitization in conditions that involve the tympanic membrane and middle ear clinically. PMID- 7023265 TI - P. G. Unna revisited. PMID- 7023266 TI - Virgil on anthrax. PMID- 7023267 TI - Immunological markers for characterization of subpopulations of mononuclear cells. PMID- 7023268 TI - [4 exemplary perpetual secretaries of the Royal National Academy of Medicine]. PMID- 7023269 TI - A case of status epilepticus. Use of thiopentone and IPPV to control otherwise refractory convulsions. AB - A case of status epilepticus which was refractory to conventional anticonvulsants is described. The total dosage of thiopentone necessary to control the convulsions is greater than that previously reported. The use of regular plasma estimation of thiopentone levels, and of cortical monitoring with the Cerebral Function Monitor (Ormed Engineering) is described, and is recommended where anticonvulsants are used for prolonged control of status epilepticus and in dosages greater than is common practice. PMID- 7023270 TI - [Relationship between left atrial pressure and pulmonary artery wedge pressure during ventilation with PEEP]. PMID- 7023271 TI - [Neurophysiological correlates of spinal opiate analgesia (author's transl)]. AB - The dorsal horn of the mammalian spinal cord contains interneurones which synthetize opioid peptides (endorphins) and release them on synaptic activation. Cells of origin of the spino-thalamic tract are in close functional relationship with these interneurones. The activation of the postulated endorphinergic mechanisms in the spinal cord could explain the selective reduction of painful stimuli following epidural application of opiate agonist. PMID- 7023272 TI - [Effect of insulin on cardiac output after open heart surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023273 TI - Protein-derivatised glass coverslips for the study of cell-to substratum adhesion. PMID- 7023274 TI - Determination of asparagine and glutamine in polypeptides using bis(I,I trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene. PMID- 7023276 TI - Determination of insulin in serum by enzyme immunoassay with fluorimetric detection. PMID- 7023275 TI - Permeabilization of yeast for in situ determination of alpha-glucosidase. PMID- 7023278 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in the bovine hypothalamus and infundibulum. AB - Neural structures containing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the bovine brain and infundibulum were characterized by light microscopic immunohistochemistry. GnRH-positive perikarya were localized singly or in small groups within the infundibular nucleus and were seen grouped in large discrete clusters within the ventromedial nucleus. Positive axons were localized within the brain from the nucleus of the rostral commissure to the medial mammillary nuclei, and in specific areas of the infundibulum and infundibular stalk. PMID- 7023277 TI - Topographical relationships of synaptic ribbons in the pineal system of the vole (Microtus agrestis). AB - In the pineal system of the vole (Microtus agrestis) both the superficial and the deep pineal exhibit a high percentage of synaptic ribbons lying in intimate contact with the cell membrane of the pinealocytes. At the sites of contact, densities resembling the presynaptic dense projections of synapses are arranged between the ribbons and the cell membrane. Opposite the sites of contact various elements were found. The quantitative estimation revealed that in the superficial pineal about 40% and in the deep pineal about 60% of the membrane-contacting ribbons are located opposite glial cells: in both organ parts about 18% of the membrane-contacting ribbons were found opposite adjacent pinealocytes. The location of ribbons at the perivascular space was almost exclusively found in the superficial pineal, while the cerebrospinal fluid-contacting area in the deep pineal exhibited ribbons in intimate contact with the lumen of the third ventricle. The heterogeneity of the topographical relationships would seem to indicate a diffuse functional effect of the synaptic ribbons in the mammalian pineal gland. PMID- 7023279 TI - Innervation of rat antral gastrin-producing cells. AB - The innervation of rat antral gastrin-producing cells (G-cells) was studied by light and electron microscopy. Combination of histochemistry for acetylcholinesterase and immunofluorescence for gastrin in the same tissue section showed apparent contact between some of the G-cells and acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves. Electron microscopic observation, however, revealed gaps of 200-500 nm or more between the G-cells and the closest nerve axons which often contained large dense-cored vesicles. The latter may represent the storage sites for neuropeptides previously localized by immunohistochemistry in gastric nerves. PMID- 7023280 TI - Stereotaxic placement of cannulae in cerebral ventricles of the pig. AB - We have developed and employed a stereotaxic coordinate system for the pig brain based on eternal skull landmarks. Sagittal, coronal, and horizontal planes were defined. Based on histological maps and ventricular casts, the coordinates for locating the lateral ventricles were described. Guide tubes leading to the lateral ventricles have been chronically implanted. This access route to the ventricular system has been used for stimulation of the dipsogenic response with angiotensin and for withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid. Solved and unsolved problems arising with these procedures have been defined. PMID- 7023281 TI - Isoflurane: an anesthetic for the eighties? AB - The introduction of isoflurane to clinical practice follows the search for a nonflammable, potent inhalation anesthetic which, above all, is chemically stable so as to resist biodegradation or attack by other chemicals. These attributes characterize isoflurane (Table 2). The hoped for freedom from hepatic and renal toxicity and from carcinogenic and mutagenic properties is a reality with this drug. Other favorable characteristics include relatively low solubility in blood in relation to anesthetic dose, lack of arrhythmogenic effect, provision of good muscle relaxation, and the absence of central nervous system excitation. Its moderate pungency detracts slightly from the ease of inhaled induction. Disadvantages include respiratory depression, reduced arterial blood pressure, uterine relaxation, decreased uteroplacental blood flow, and likely ability to trigger malignant hyperpyrexia. The frequency and/or significance of tachycardia and dilation of muscle blood vessels in clinical practice remain to be established. We believe isoflurane is a significant improvement over earlier potent inhalation anesthetics. PMID- 7023282 TI - One-lung high-frequency pressure ventilation for sleeve pneumonectomy: an alternative technique. PMID- 7023283 TI - The effect of unilateral PEEP on gas exchange and pulmonary perfusion in canine lobar pneumonia. AB - Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has little beneficial effect in improving gas exchange in canine left lower lobe (LLL) pneumonia. This is true because while PEEP improves lobar gas exchange, it also increases relative perfusion (QL) to the diseased lobe. The authors hypothesized that PEEP administered to only the diseased lung would avoid the increased QLLL. Six dogs with LLL pneumonia in which PEEP was applied only to the left lung were observed. The dogs were studied supine and each lung was ventilated separately with 100 per cent O2. Measurements of arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), shunt (Qs/Qt) and lobar distribution of pulmonary perfusion were made before, during, and after 12 cm H2O PEEP. Changes in QLLL expressed as per cent of cardiac output were determined using radiolabeled microspheres. PEEP improved PaO2 from 310 +/- 86 to 532 +/- 58 torr and Qs/Qt from 29 +/- 5 per cent to 12 +/- 5 per cent, returning after PEEP to 337 +/- 84 torr and 26 +/- 5 per cent, respectively. QLLL per cent did not increase during PEEP. These results suggest that unilateral PEEP improves regional gas exchange within the pneumonia lobe, probably by ventilating units which were previously perfused but not ventilated. Further, this improvement in regional gas exchange occurred without the diversion of blood flow towards consolidated lung that occurs with whole-lung PEEP, and so resulted in a substantial net improvement in overall gas exchange. PMID- 7023284 TI - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metocurine in humans with and without renal failure. AB - The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of metocurine were studied in five neurosurgical patients with normal renal function, and in five anephric patients during and following a renal transplant. Following a single intravenous dose of metocurine (0.3 mg/kg), measurements of serum levels and urinary excretion were made using a specific radioimmunoassay for metocurine. Evoked compound electromyographic (ECEMG) response of the thumb adductor to supramaximal stimulation of the ulnar nerve was also studied. In the patients for renal transplant, plasma clearance of metocurine was significantly reduced (0.38 vs. 1.2 ml . kg-1 . min-1, P less than 0.01) and the elimination half-life was significantly prolonged (11.4 vs. 6.0 h, P less than 0.01). The higher serum concentration of metocurine in patients for renal transplant was accounted for by the absence of renal excretion and a reduced total volume of distribution (0.353 vs. 0.472 l/kg, P less than 0.05). The mean serum metocurine concentration necessary for 90 per cent inhibition of the ECEMG was 2.3 times greater in patients undergoing renal transplant than in patients undergoing craniotomy, 1.05 vs. 0.46 microgram/ml (P less than 0.01). Although serum metocurine concentrations were still high at the end of the renal transplants, reversal of the neuromuscular blockade was possible. Metocurine appears to be an acceptable neuromuscular blocking agent for patients in renal failure although no major advantage over d-tubocurarine and pancuronium could be found. PMID- 7023285 TI - Effects of propranolol on the cardiovascular and renin-angiotensin systems during hypotension produced by sodium nitroprusside in humans. AB - The authors examined the effects of controlled hypotension induced with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) with and without propranolol on the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renin-angiotensin systems in 10 consecutive anesthetized patients with kyphoscoliosis undergoing posterior spinal fusion. SNP infusion (4.1 microgram . kg-1 . min-1) alone decreased mean systemic arterial pressure (SAP) by 25 torr +/- 3 SE (P less than 0.001), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) by 1113 dyne . sec. cm-5 . m2 +/- 125 SE (P less than 0.001), mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) by 6 torr +/- 2 SE (P less than 0.02), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) by 4 torr +/- 1 SE (P less than 0.01), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) by 50 dyne . sec . cm-5 +/- 18 (P less than 0.05), and PaO2 by 16 torr +/- 7 SE (P less than 0.05), whereas cardiac index increased by 1.08 l . min-1 . m2 +/- 0.24 SE (P less than 0.01) and heart rate increased 16 beats/min +/- 5 SE (P less than 0.02). After 40 min of hypotension, 0.03 mg/kg propranolol was injected intravenously while the SNP infusion rate was held constant. Ten min later there was a significant decrease in the heart rate (10 beats/min +/- 4 SE, P less than 0.02) and cardiac index (0.65 l . min-1 . m-2 +/- 0.21, P less than 0.02). Plasma renin activity (PRA) increased from 2.37 ng . ml 1 . h-1 +/- 0.7 SE before anesthesia to 6.50 ng . ml-1 . h-1 +/- 1.45 SE (P less than 0.05) after 40 min of nitroprusside infusion. Forty min after propranolol there was a significant reduction in PRA to 4.07 ng . ml-1 . h-1 +/- 0.73 SE (P less than 0.05). Thus propranolol, when given during SNP hypotension, exhibits an early cardiovascular response manifested as a decrease in cardiac output and heart rate and a delayed action of the kidney resulting in an inhibition of renin release. PMID- 7023286 TI - The founding of the specialty boards. PMID- 7023287 TI - Tension pneumoperitoneum--a cause of ventilatory obstruction. PMID- 7023288 TI - [Pulmonary shunt and arteriovenous O2 difference during general anesthesia for heart transplants]. PMID- 7023289 TI - The historic use of diazepam in dentistry. PMID- 7023290 TI - Components of class II malocclusion in children 8-10 years of age. PMID- 7023291 TI - Suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis after a single intramuscular injection of methylprednisolone acetate. AB - Fourteen patients with hay fever were treated with one intramuscular injection of methylprednisolone acetate, which gave satisfactory symptomatic relief for three weeks. Their hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function was moderately but significantly suppressed for three weeks but became normal again after four weeks. PMID- 7023292 TI - Use of atropine for brady-asystolic prehospital cardiac arrest. AB - The efficacy of atropine in treating prehospital cardiac arrest patients developing asystole slow pulseless idioventricular rhythms (PIVR) was evaluated in a controlled, prospective study. Twenty-one prehospital cardiac-arrested patients developing asystole or PIVR (less than 40) were divided into atropine treated or non-atropine (control) groups. Control group patients received treatment including bicarbonate, epinephrine, calcium, isoproterenol, dexamethasone, and transthoracic pacing. Atropine-treated patients received 1 mg atropine intravenously with a repeat dose at one minute if no rhythm change occurred. These patients then received the same therapy as the control group. In both groups, rhythm changes were treated as appropriate for the specific circumstances. No differences in mortality or effected rhythm changes were observed. Ten of the 11 controls and eight of 10 atropine patients developed rhythms other than asystole or PIVR less than 40. However, only two patients in each group were successfully resuscitated in the emergency department and only one control group patient was discharged alive. Our findings are not in agreement with those of previous authors who have advocated the use of atropine in cardiac arrest patients with these arrhythmias. We question the usefulness of atropine in this setting. More study is necessary in order to clearly define its role in the resuscitation of patients who have sustained brady-asystolic arrests. PMID- 7023293 TI - Tourniquet Syndrome: an unusual presentation. PMID- 7023294 TI - Serum immunoglobulin A antibody response in swine infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus, as determined by indirect immunoperoxidase antibody test. AB - Using an immunoperoxidase antibody test, the serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A antibody titer was determined in swine naturally infected with transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE; group A), swine inoculated orally with high-virulent TGE virus (group B), and swine inoculated IM (group C) or orally (group D) with low virulent TGE virus. Studies were then made on the relationship between active immunity to TGE and the serum IgA antibody titer. In group A swine, serum IgA antibody and virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody were absent in the serum collected in the acute stage, but were detected from the serum collected in the convalescent stage. In group B swine, serum IgA antibody and VN antibody began to be detected on postinoculation day (PID) 7 and were still detectable on PID 100. In group C and D swine, VN antibody was detected, but serum IgA antibody was not. Swine were inoculated orally with high-virulent TGE virus and were challenge exposed orally with the same strain of virus on PID 18, 21, 80, and 120 (group E). None of group E swine manifested clinical signs of infection. Their serum IgA antibody titers ranged from 2 to 512 at the time of inoculation. Swine were inoculated IM with low-virulent TGE virus and intranasally with the same virus on PID 60 (group F). They were challenge exposed with the high-virulent strain of TGE virus on PID 140, 200, and 260 (80, 140, and 200 days after the 2nd inoculation). At the time of challenge exposure, IgA antibody was undetected in serum at a 1:2 dilution. All group F swine had severe diarrhea 3 to 4 days after inoculation. Many of them vomited at the same time. In these swine, villous atrophy was observed in the jejunal portion of the small intestine. The VN antibody titer of porcine serum obtained at the time of challenge exposure was higher than was that determined in the group E swine. Seemingly, serum IgA antibody titer determined by the immunoperoxidase antibody test may be an indicator of active immunity to TGE. PMID- 7023295 TI - Experimental infection of bovine mammary glands with Streptococcus agalactiae during the nonlactating period. AB - Two experiments were done to determine the rate of intramammary infection (IMI) in dairy cows during the nonlactating period. In experiment 1, all glands were equally exposed to Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus agalactiae for the first 3 weeks after the start of the nonlactating period. Nearly all new IMI was caused by S agalactiae. In experiment 2, the susceptibility of nonlactating mammary glands to new IMI by S agalactiae after direct inoculation into the lactiferous sinus was determined. During the 1st month of the nonlactating period, 30% of inoculated glands became infected. During the last month of the nonlactating period, 90% of inoculated glands became infected. PMID- 7023296 TI - Clinical trials with fenbendazole and oxibendazole for Strongyloides westeri infection in foals. PMID- 7023297 TI - Comparison of antibiograms determined by disk diffusion and microdilution methods for selected gram-negative bacilli. PMID- 7023298 TI - Experimental induction of Proteus mirabilis cystitis in the pony and evaluation of therapy with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine. AB - Proteus mirabilis cystitis was induced in 9 ponies by chemically eroding the bladder mucosa before the organism was inoculated. Comparisons were made in the treatment of P mirabilis cystitis between ponies treated daily for 13 days with a trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (TMP-SDZ) paste and both positive and negative controls. Urine cultures from ponies treated with TMP-SDZ became negative for P mirabilis between days 3 and 9 after the start of the treatment, whereas positive controls remained infected until day 13. Urine cultures from all ponies were negative for P mirabilis on day 28. Urine concentrations of TMP and SDZ were relatively high after day 1 of therapy. PMID- 7023299 TI - Radiolabeled substrate assay to measure inhibition of growth of Haemophilus somnus by normal bovine serum. AB - An assay was developed to measure the inhibition of cell division of Haemophilus somnus by normal bovine serum. Dilution plate counts, turbidometric measurements, and release of radiolabeled cell constituents were found to be time-consuming or difficult to perform and reproduce. This assay determined the inhibitory effect of normal serum on population growth, by measuring the relative rate of macromolecular (DNA) synthesis in exponential cultures. This method was simple to perform and gave reliable results in 1 day. When this assay was used, a significant difference (P less than 0.025) in serum susceptibility was demonstrated between a H somnus isolate recovered from the trachea of a healthy calf and an isolate recovered at necropsy from a brain lesion of a cow. The implication of this finding, in relation to the pathogenicity of the organism, it briefly discussed. PMID- 7023300 TI - Rapidly growing mycobacteria associated with bovine mastitis. PMID- 7023301 TI - Use of the API 20E system to identify non-Enterobacteriaceae from veterinary medical sources. AB - The capability of the API 20E system to identify gram-negative nonfermenters and nonenteric fermenters was evaluated for 272 isolates from veterinary sources. Two different methods were used for interpreting the carbohydrate fermentation reactions on the strip. In method I, weakly fermented (yellow-green) carbohydrates were considered positive for all oxidase-positive organisms, and in method II, yellow-green carbohydrates were considered positive for all organisms requiring incubation for 48 hours. By both methods, the API system correctly identified 62% of the isolates. With method I, 31% of the isolates were misidentified and 6% were not identified. With method II, 21% of the isolates were misidentified and 17% received no identification. Organisms most affected by these 2 methods of interpretation were Pasteurella and Actinobacillus. Identifications reached by the API system were also compared with identifications made by veterinary diagnostic laboratories. The frequency of identifications agreements was not significantly affected by the method of API carbohydrate fermentation reaction interpretation. Generally, 30% of the identifications agreed (diagnostic laboratories vs API) when using only the API Index, whereas 51% agreed when the entire API computer data base identifications were included. The type of identification disagreements between diagnostic laboratories and the API system, however, was significantly affected by the method of API strip interpretation. With method I, 42% of the identifications were different and 6% were not in the API data base. With method II, 33% of the identifications were different and 17% were not in the API data base. Biotype differences between human and veterinary isolates were also compared. Significant differences between the predicted and actual reactions were noted for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bordetella bronchiseptica; however, these differences did not affect their correct identification to the API Index. For Pasteurella multocida, most profile numbers were not listed in the API Index because of differences in the actual vs predicted oxidase and nitrate reduction reactions; however, they were correctly identified with the total computer data base. PMID- 7023302 TI - Bell, Magendie, and the proposals to restrict the use of animals in neurobehavioral research. PMID- 7023303 TI - Current status of the internal-external hypothesis for obesity: what went wrong? PMID- 7023304 TI - Physical fitness training and mental health. PMID- 7023305 TI - W. Horsley Gantt (1892-1980). PMID- 7023306 TI - Cimetidine decreases theophylline clearance. AB - This study tested the hypothesis that cimetidine decreases theophylline clearance. Aminophylline (6 mg/kg) was administered intravenously both before and after cimetidine treatment in 5 healthy adults. Cimetidine (300 mg) was administered orally every 6 h for 2 days before and 18 h after the aminophylline dose. Plasma samples were collected before and for 24 h after each aminophylline dose, and theophylline concentrations were determined by an enzyme-mediated immunoassay technique. Cimetidine significantly decreased theophylline clearance, mean decrease, 39% (3.85 +/- 0.27 L/h control versus 2.34 +/- 0.23 L/h with cimetidine treatment, p less than 0.002). The apparent volume of distribution was unchanged (p greater than 0.5), whereas the elimination rate constant was significantly decreased by a mean of 42% (control, 0.091 +/- 0.013 h-1 versus 0.053 +/- 0.007 h-1 with cimetidine treatment, p less than 0.005). This corresponded to an average increase in elimination half-life of 73% (range, 50 to 97%). Cimetidine probably slowed theophylline elimination by relatively nonspecific inhibition of the hepatic microsomal mono-oxygenase system. This effect may produce clinically significant changes in serum theophylline concentrations. PMID- 7023307 TI - Chenodiol (chenodeoxycholic acid) for dissolution of gallstones: the National Cooperative Gallstone Study. A controlled trial of efficacy and safety. AB - A double-masked study was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of randomly allocated chenodiol (chenodeoxycholic acid, 750 mg/d or 350 mg/d) or placebo administered for 2 years to 916 patients for dissolution of radiolucent gallstones. There was confirmed complete dissolution in 13.5% of patients (750 mg/d), 5.2% (375 mg/d), and 0.8% (placebo), p less than 0.0001. Partial (over 50%) or complete dissolution (by validated roentgenographic metrology) occurred in 40.8% (750 mg/d), 23.6% (375 mg/d), and 11.0% (placebo), p less than 0.0001. Dissolution occurred more frequently in women, thin patients, or patients with small or floating gallstones or serum cholesterol greater than or equal to 227 mg/dL. Clinically significant hepatotoxicity occurred in 3% of patients (750 mg/d), 0.4% (375 mg/d), and 0.4% (placebo), p less than 0.007, and always was reversible biochemically. Elevations of 10% or more of serum cholesterol, mostly low-density lipoproteins, occurred in 85.2% of patients (750 mg/d), 82.8% (375 mg/d), and 67.0% (placebo), p less than 0.001. Chenodiol, 750 mg/d for up to 2 years, is appropriate therapy for dissolution of gallstones in selected patients who are informed of the risks and benefits. PMID- 7023308 TI - Effect of digoxin on right ventricular function in severe chronic airflow obstruction. A controlled clinical trial. AB - The effect of digoxin on the right and left ventricular ejection fractions in 15 patients with pulmonary heart disease caused by severe chronic airflow obstruction was studied in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. All patients were ambulatory and had clinical features of right but not left ventricular dysfunction. Equilibrium radionuclide angiography showed reduced right ventricular ejection fraction in all patients and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in four. After 8 weeks of digoxin treatment, the abnormal left ventricular ejection fractions were normal; right ventricular ejection fractions increased only in those patients who had had abnormal left ventricular ejection fractions. We conclude that in patients with pulmonary heart disease, the right ventricular ejection fraction is abnormal and improves with digoxin treatment only when the left ventricular ejection fraction also is initially abnormal. PMID- 7023309 TI - Intravenous prostacyclin in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - A therapeutic trial of prostacyclin (PGI), was done in a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura resistant to treatment with antiplatelet drugs and plasmapheresis. Despite marked thrombocytopenia and continued treatment with aspirin, sulfinpyrazone, and dipyridamole, the urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor thromboxane B2, a major thromboxane urinary metabolite, was within the normal range (90.3 to 368 pg/mg creatinine) at 96 pg/mg creatinine. Because of its potent antiaggregatory properties and the possibility of a defect in endogenous PGI2 production in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, synthetic PGI2 (4 to 10 ng/kg-1 . min-1) was infused intravenously, first for 72 hours and then continuously for 18 days. Prostacyclin markedly reduced the excretion of 2,3 dinor-thromboxane B2, and the platelet count rose steadily to reach 100 000/mm3 by the eighth day of the second infusion. The patient remains in clinical remission, on no therapy, 7 months later. A controlled evaluation of PGI2 in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is warranted. Apparent therapeutic failure in previous cases may have resulted from inadequate prolongation of PGI2 infusion. PMID- 7023310 TI - Amikacin. PMID- 7023311 TI - Utility of the fluorescent antinuclear antibody test in a single patient. AB - The literature on the fluorescent antinuclear antibody (FANA) test, commonly used in diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus, was analyzed. The specificity of the test reported in early descriptive studies is much greater than the value obtained when the test is used in clinical practice. The probability of systemic lupus erythematosus in a specific patient was determined when different numbers of the classification criteria developed by the American Rheumatism Association are present. The predictive value of a positive or negative FANA test result was calculated using different pretest probabilities based on clinical criteria. The marginal benefit of the FANA test was determined as minimal at points of very large and very small pretest probability of systemic lupus erythematosus, and as maximal when five clinical criteria are present. PMID- 7023312 TI - Inappropriate secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone. AB - Recent studies have provided major new insights into the syndromes of inappropriate secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), a heterogeneous group of disorders in which patients show inappropriately elevated levels of serum immunoactive TSH in the presence of elevated free thyroid hormone levels. Certain of these patients appear to have a non-neoplastic disorder associated with variable degrees of pituitary and peripheral resistance to the action of thyroid hormone, whereas others harbor a tumor of pituitary thyrotropic cells. Measurement of free serum alpha subunit has proved valuable in differentiating these disorders, showing normal alpha concentration and alpha-to-TSH ratios in the non-neoplastic and highly elevated values in the neoplastic disorders. All these syndromes appear unrelated to Graves' disease because thyroid-binding and thyroid-stimulating antibodies are usually absent. Some of these patients also have abnormal metabolism of thyroid hormones. Although the pathogenesis of these syndromes remains to be elucidated, increased recognition and study of these patients should provide fundamental insights into the regulation of TSH secretion as well as the action of thyroid hormone. PMID- 7023313 TI - The control of chemotherapy-induced emesis. AB - Nausea and vomiting are frequent and serious toxicities of cancer chemotherapy that have been largely ignored in the past. Recently there has been renewed interest in this significant problem, with important advances in understanding the physiology of vomiting and a burgeoning number of clinical trials that use newer classes of antiemetics. At present phenothiazines are the only class of antiemetics that have shown both efficacy and safety in large numbers of cancer patients, but they are inadequate against strongly emetic agents such as cisplatin. New agents and new approaches have shown promise but need additional testing before they can be recommended for routine use. PMID- 7023314 TI - U-500 regular insulin. PMID- 7023315 TI - [Degradation of the environment. II. Water pollution]. PMID- 7023316 TI - The hemostasis paradigm in 1934 and in 1980. PMID- 7023317 TI - Background and present status of research on platelet-activating factor (PAF acether). PMID- 7023318 TI - Pathophysiology of platelet-aggregating von Willebrand factor: applications of the venom coagglutinin vWF assay. PMID- 7023319 TI - Platelet-coagulant protein interactions in contact activation. AB - Previous studies have suggested that human platelets can promote the activation of factor XI by two different mechanisms, one requiring factor XII and ADP treated platelets and the other requiring collagen-treated platelets in the apparent absence of factor XII. To investigate these hypotheses, isolated platelets were tested for their capacity to promote the activation and cleavage of purified factors XII and XI in various mixtures of purified factor XII, kallikrein, high molecular weight kininogen, and factor XI. That ADP- or collagen treated platelets can promote the proteolytic activation of factor XII in mixtures containing kallikrein and HMW kininogen was shown by (1) the proteolytic cleavage of factor XII, (2) the development of factor XIIa coagulant activity, and (3) the proteolytic cleavage of 125I-labeled factor XII. Platelets treated with collagen or thrombin were shown to both coagulant assays and cleavage studies to participate with HMW kininogen and kallikrein in the proteolytic activation of factor XI by mechanisms that are partially dependent upon and partially independent of factor XII. These studies demonstrate that platelets can promote the proteolytic activation of factor XII by kallikrein and of factor XI by both factor XII-dependent and factor XII-independent mechanisms. PMID- 7023320 TI - Tissue factor: a vitamin K-dependent clotting factor? PMID- 7023321 TI - Calcium ion-protein interactions in prothrombin activation. AB - 1. The protein concentration dependence observed in the calcium binding to fragment 1 indicates that calcium-mediated dimerization is responsible for the cooperative calcium binding behavior usually observed. "Unusual" fragment 1, which exhibits negative cooperativity (the type of binding behavior expected for ions interacting with a charged protein) at high concentration, also exhibit altered self-association behavior. 2. The calcium-induced spectral perturbations that are observed by fluorescence and ultraviolet difference spectroscopy are influenced by calcium-mediated dimerization. Similar spectral perturbations may also be induced by other divalent, trivalent, and monovalent ions, as well as changes in pH. Because this is a multi-site system, only limited interpretation of the spectral data is possible without calcium binding data. 3. Although strong side chain CD signals make estimation of fragment 1 secondary structure ambiguous, the CD data do indicate small changes in structure during calcium binding. Similar changes are observed upon addition of monovalent ions at high concentration or after lowering the pH. No coupling between changes in conformation and the cooperative calcium binding behavior has yet been observed to exist. PMID- 7023322 TI - The role of factor V in the assembly of the prothrombinase complex. PMID- 7023324 TI - The interaction of platelets with cultured cells. PMID- 7023323 TI - Approaches to the study of prothrombin conformation and activation in biological fluids. PMID- 7023325 TI - Three aspects of prothrombin activation related to protein M, ecarin, acutin, meizothrombin 1 and prethrombin 2. PMID- 7023326 TI - Thrombin specificity. PMID- 7023327 TI - The revolution of concepts of coagulation. PMID- 7023328 TI - Vascular distribution of intratracheally administered heparin. PMID- 7023329 TI - Kinetic studies in vivo of antithrombin III. PMID- 7023330 TI - Pharmacologic control of blood coagulation by synthetic, low molecular weight inhibitors of clotting enzymes. PMID- 7023331 TI - Synthetic substrate assays of the coagulation enzymes and their inhibitors. Comparison with clotting and immunologic methods for clinical and experimental usage. PMID- 7023332 TI - Otolaryngic osteopathology in 14th century mid-america. The crow creek massacre. AB - Over 486 people were massacred and buried communally at the Crow Creek Village Site, South Dakota, about 1350 AD. Osseous pathology in the craniofacial area of the victims' skeletons is reviewed and compared to data from other indigenous skeletal populations past and present. The Crow Creek mastoid x-rays are analyzed and compared to four other studies which span over 1000 years of Dakota Territory history. Findings regarding external auditory canal exostoses in the different groups are compared. Unusual findings in the craniofacial area are assessed. Insight into longitudinal epidemiology in one portion of the U.S. is possible through this study. PMID- 7023333 TI - Scalp avulsions and review of successful replantation. AB - Microvascular surgery has greatly altered the handling of scalp avulsions. Review of the injury mechanism and of successful replantations has yielded some basic axioms concerning treatment of this tragic injury. Generally, larger avulsions contain vessels that are easily identified and anastomosed, and therefore have a better prognosis. Long periods of ischemia do not appear to threaten graft viability. The superficial temporal artery is the most reliable artery for scalp replantation; accompanying veins can normally be used for venous drainage, though vein grafts are often needed due to vessel disruption at injury. Replantation should be attempted with all scalp avulsions, though the size of the defect and its location will affect the outcome. PMID- 7023334 TI - As I remember Earl C. Padgett. PMID- 7023335 TI - How to take a graft as well as Earl C. Padgett. AB - A simple added step utilizing a commonly available adhesive is offered to facilitate taking skin grafts and to improve donor site deformities when using the Padgett-type drum dermatome. PMID- 7023336 TI - More on donor site dressings. PMID- 7023337 TI - Guidelines for reduction mammaplasty. AB - Symptoms of breast hypertrophy are discussed. Both physical and psychological indications for corrective procedures are related to patients' expectations. Shape is discussed in terms of the patient's preference, her activities, and her geographic and historic background. Two main techniques are described--the Arie Pitanguy-Ribeiro technique with a dermis-fat flap, which is recommended for extremely ptotic breasts, and the oblique technique, which is preferred for rounder hypertrophic breasts. In small ptoses the original Arie vertical wedge excision technique is still indicated. All patients are treated by the Schwarzmann maneuver with preservation of the periareolar nerves and vessel network, and areola transposition at the end of the operation. No drains are used. PMID- 7023338 TI - Reconstructive approaches to extensive tissue loss of the head secondary to electrical burns. PMID- 7023340 TI - James Barrett Brown. PMID- 7023339 TI - Painless, wettable split-skin graft donor site dressings. PMID- 7023341 TI - Treatment of purulent wounds and fistulae with an adhesive wound irrigation device. A multicentre trial of 100 patients. AB - There has been little change in the treatment of established wound infection for many years. This paper describes an adhesive wound irrigation device designed to facilitate the care of discharging wounds or fistulae normally requiring several changes of dressings daily. We report the use of this device in a selected group of 100 patients and discuss briefly the methods of irrigation available. The device described offers certain practical advantages over conventional wound dressing and has proved acceptable to the patient. PMID- 7023342 TI - [Our experience in the secondary treatment of severe skin loss, using classical means]. PMID- 7023343 TI - Role of the laboratory in management of acute and chronic renal failure. AB - The initial assessment and differential diagnosis of acute renal failure is greatly facilitated by laboratory procedures of varying sensitivity and specificity; these are reviewed in detail. Patients with chronic renal failure receiving maintenance dialysis exhibit many laboratory abnormalities which may differ significantly between patients treated with hemodialysis and those receiving peritoneal dialysis. These are also reviewed. PMID- 7023344 TI - Biochemistry of renal failure. AB - The term uremia is used clinically to describe that state associated principally with the retention of nitrogenous metabolic products and is characterized by a raised blood urea concentration. The increase in the blood urea concentration is perhaps the most striking abnormality of the body fluids in renal failure, although it is not the most important functionally. The clinical syndrome of uremia involves all the systems of the body as a result of biochemical alterations in the constitution of the internal environment. The alterations in the latter compartment are due not only to the retained metabolic products but also to associated changes in water, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis. There are also features of the clinical syndrome of uremia which are attributable to variations in the rates of secretion and metabolism of a number of hormones in which the kidney is recognized to play a role, either directly or indirectly. This brief review deals with the retained uremic metabolites and their biochemical significance in the clinical syndrome of uremia. The metabolites discussed include urea, creatinine, guanidines and related compounds, uric acid, dimethylamine, and the middle molecule hypothesis. The potential role of some of these metabolites is discussed with regard to their potential toxic role as enzyme inhibitors. The biochemical aspects of uremic neuropathy are reviewed to highlight the biochemical complexity of the investigation of the uremic syndrome. PMID- 7023345 TI - Renal control of sodium homeostasis. PMID- 7023346 TI - Factors affecting calcium metabolism in disorders of the kidney. AB - The ionized calcium concentration in blood is maintained within narrow limits by a complex hormonal system that includes parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D. The kidney plays a pivotal role in the physiologic action of PTH, as this peptide hormone increases tubular calcium reabsorption, decreases tubular phosphate reabsorption, and stimulates the renal 25-hydroxy-1-hydroxylase to convert 25 hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the hormonal form of the vitamin that stimulates intestinal calcium absorption. Inherited and acquired disorders of tubular function and acute and chronic renal failure may disturb normal renal handling of calcium and phosphorus and the hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. As a result, decreased intestinal calcium absorption and hypocalcemia cause parathyroid hyperplasia and metabolic bone disease. PMID- 7023347 TI - Aluminum toxicity in relation to kidney disorders. AB - Aluminum toxicity in patients with chronic renal failure has been related to renal osteodystrophy and dialysis encephalopathy (DES). The toxicity is associated with renal osteodystrophy in two ways. One association is the iatrogenic effect of excessive use of aluminum hydroxide gels resulting in hypophosphatemia which interferes with bone mineralization. The second association may involve deposition of aluminum in bone owing to aluminum being absorbed during hemodialysis. Evidence for this second association has been gathered from epidemiological studies of hemodialysis centers and their practices of using either tap water high in aluminum in the dialysate, or aluminum-free deionized water. In patients with DES, aluminum accumulation in the brain has been clearly shown to come from either the ingestion of aluminum containing phosphate-binding gels, aluminum in the dialysate, or a combination of the two. The outbreak of the DES also has been well-correlated with the sudden elevation of aluminum in tap water owing to the use of large amounts of aluminum in water treatment plants. Whether aluminum itself or a combination of aluminum and other factors causes DES is not understood at this time. PMID- 7023348 TI - Lithium nephrotoxicity: a review. AB - Lithium, a group I alkali metal, is widely used for treatment of manic-depressive psychosis. A number of toxic side effects have been reported, among which the most common ones are nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, distal tubular acidosis, and impairment of renal concentrating ability. The proposed mechanisms in the literature of these renal complications of lithium salt therapy are reviewed. None of the proposed mechanisms can be definitively established. Recently reported observations contradict the causative role of lithium in the pathogenesis of renal complications. More careful selection of control subjects is required for further investigation of the nephrotoxic effects of lithium. PMID- 7023349 TI - Disorders of protein and lipid metabolism associated with chronic renal failure and chronic dialysis. AB - Patients with chronic renal failure treated with maintenance dialysis demonstrate many abnormalities of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. Losses into dialysate of amino acids and glucose during the course of hemodialysis and protein losses during peritoneal dialysis, associated with inadequate dietary intake and/or increased endogenous catabolism, may result in chronically negative nitrogen balance and a state resembling clinical malnutrition. Hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol are also characteristic of the chronic dialysis patient. Patients receiving peritoneal and chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis may be at particular risk for hypertriglyceridemia because of high obligate glucose loads. Literature relating to these areas is reviewed, and specific recommendations outlined for dietary protein, amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid content and composition in the chronic renal failure and chronic dialysis patient. PMID- 7023350 TI - Ultrasonic scanning of the kidneys. AB - Recent improvement in imaging technology has enabled ultrasound to assume an increasingly vital role in the identification and evaluation of renal disease. Renal masses can be differentiated. The nonfunctioning kidney can be imaged and obstruction or inflammation diagnosed. When further information is needed, an ultrasound guided biopsy or aspiration can be performed. PMID- 7023351 TI - Headache. AB - Present views on the cause and treatment of temporal arteritis, trigeminal neuralgia, pain arising from the neck, benign intracranial hypertension, and other headaches of intracranial origin are summarized. The clinical components of migraine are correlated with recent studies of cerebral blood flow, monoamine changes, and the platelet release reaction. Psychological, physiological, and pharmacological management is based on the holistic concept of migraine as an uninhibited protective reaction. Cluster headache is subdivided into three varieties which respond preferentially to different medication. Tension headache may depend more on vascular mechanisms than excessive muscle contraction, but treatment is still directed at behavioral management and relaxation training with the aid of antidepressant therapy. PMID- 7023352 TI - Treatment of fungal infections of the central nervous system. AB - The recent development of new antifungal antimicrobials that can be administered in combination with amphotericin B or as alternatives to it has expanded the dimensions of treatment for fungal infections of the central nervous system. These disorders have acquired increasing importance as patients with malignant and other illnesses associated with immunosuppression survive longer and as renal transplantation is more widely applied. Amphotericin B has remained the most effective therapeutic preparation for most types of neurological fungal disease, although important roles for 5-fluorocytosine, miconazole, and, more recently, ketoconazole are being recognized. PMID- 7023353 TI - Retraction: reduced enzyme activity in hereditary ataxia. PMID- 7023354 TI - Confessions of a biochemist. PMID- 7023355 TI - Primary structural: analysis of the transplantation antigens of the murine H-2 major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 7023356 TI - The expression of isotope effects on enzyme-catalyzed reactions. PMID- 7023357 TI - Metabolic pathways in peroxisomes and glyoxysomes. PMID- 7023358 TI - Proteolipids. PMID- 7023359 TI - Lectins: their multiple endogenous cellular functions. PMID- 7023360 TI - Advances in protein sequencing. AB - Although this review cannot possibly cover the myriad of new ideas reported in the analyses of 1100 proteins, it does attempt to highlight procedures and strategies of interest, admittedly with a bias toward examples most familiar to us. It is clear that the scope, efficiency, and sensitivity of the analyses have increased and will continue to do so. Literally any protein sequence can now be solved. The diversity of tactics and strategies adds to the thrill of the chase. If the next few years continue to show the growing interplay between sequence chemists, X-ray crystallographers, and nucleic acid sequencing groups, we may truly begin to understand the meaning underlying the 20-letter hieroglyphics of protein chemistry. PMID- 7023361 TI - Transfer of proteins across membranes. PMID- 7023362 TI - Genetic transformation. PMID- 7023363 TI - The proteolytic activation systems of complement. PMID- 7023364 TI - Protein folding. AB - After some general remarks on protein structure, there follows a discussion on primary, secondary, and tertiary organization. The account of primary structure includes a discussion of the conformation of disulfide bonds. Types of helices, sheets, and turns are described in the section on secondary structure, followed by a discussion of super-secondary structure and the effects of metals and prosthetic groups of protein fold. The crux of the review lies in an examination of tertiary structure, or specifically of domains that are defined, in part, as functional units within a polypeptide chain. An assembly of domains can in turn result in a protein whose function is quite sophisticated. Some consideration of domain recognition is given in the section on taxonomy and in the appendix. The key part of the tertiary structure section concentrates on a taxonomic protein classification dependent not only on structure but also on function. A discussion of the requirements by quaternary structure on a fold are omitted in this review. Finally, no review of this kind can escape a discussion of evolutionary convergence and divergence. PMID- 7023365 TI - Chromosome mediated gene transfer. PMID- 7023366 TI - Synthesis and processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. PMID- 7023367 TI - Sterol biosynthesis. PMID- 7023368 TI - NMR studies of tissue metabolism. AB - During the past six or seven years, high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been established as a powerful tool for the study of cellular metabolism in isolated cells and organs. The non-invasive nature of the measurement offers many advantages over conventional analytical techniques, but limitations on sensitivity restrict the method to the observation of molecules present in the cell at relatively high concentrations (in the order of 0.5-1 mM). Inevitably, many of the initial investigations tended to confirm existing knowledge, but this was important in establishing the validity of the NMR method. In the last few years, NMR has contributed new and interesting information on several aspects of metabolism and metabolic regulation. The majority of reports deal with 31P, 13C, and, to a lesser extent, 1H NMR. The particular areas of interest include measurements of metabolic fluxes in the steady state and transport processes, observations of cellular pH and H+ ion distribution, and compartmentation and spatially resolved NMR of whole animals. The ability to directly observe the intracellular milieu is perhaps the major single advantage of NMR. A very large number of different systems can be studied, but it is important to keep in mind that NMR is simply an additional method for studying metabolism and must always be combined with carefully designed biochemical experiments. PMID- 7023369 TI - Glycosphingolipids in cellular interaction, differentiation, and oncogenesis. PMID- 7023370 TI - Membrane recycling by coated vesicles. PMID- 7023371 TI - Double helical DNA: conformations, physical properties, and interactions with ligands. PMID- 7023372 TI - Delayed neurotoxicity and other consequences of organophosphate esters. PMID- 7023373 TI - Changing patterns of tickborne diseases in modern society. PMID- 7023374 TI - [Stimulation of nonspecific body resistance by mytilan, a polysaccharide isolated from the mussel. Crenomytilis grayanus]. AB - The results of the study on the immunostimulant effect of mytilan, a polysaccharide isolated from Crenomytilus grayanus inhabiting the Sea of Japan are presented. It was shown that a single dose of the drug administered parenterally stimulated the natural protective reactions of the macroorganism evident from an increase in the leukocyte count in the peripheral blood of the experimental animals and the phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear nuclear leukocytes. Mytilan stimulated humoral immunity. Its use brought about an increase in the hemolysin titers in response to administration of the sheep red blood cells card a significant increase in the number of antibody-forming cells as compared to the control. Mytiland had a preventive protective effect with regard to generalized pseudotuberculous and Salmonella infections. The drug increased the macroorganism resistance to both the psedotuberculous microbe and its toxins. PMID- 7023375 TI - [Directed screening of aminoglycoside antibiotic producers on selective media with gentamycin]. AB - The method of directed screening of aminoglycoside antibiotics is based on the natural phenomenon that fresh isolates of Micromonospora are highly resistant to the antibiotics produced by them. The method consists of plating of the soil samples on selective media with gentamicin (10--25 micrograms/ml). The frequency of Micromonospora against the total number of the isolated actinomycetes increased from 3.3--11.4 to 30.6--78 per cent. The number of the cultures isolated from the control medium and active against gramnegative test-bacteria amounted to 13.4 per cent, while the number of Micromonospora isolated from the selective medium with gentamicin and active against gramnegative test-bacteria amounted to 69.4 per cent. 37 crude antibiotics were isolated with the method of ion exchange concentration usually used for aminoglycoside antibiotics. The new antibiotics were identified as 2-desoxy amine-containing aminoglycosides by cross resistance of aminoglycoside resistant strains of Staphylococci to them, the methods of paper and thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry. The majority of the aminoglycosides belonged to the gentamicin group. 2 compounds with molecular weights not described in the literature for aminoglycosides were isolated. PMID- 7023376 TI - [Improved method of using antibiotics in the nutrient media for isolating Shigella (the 3-band method)]. AB - A modified procedure for the use of antibiotics in nutrient media for isolation of Shigella is described. The procedure is designated as the method of 3 strips. It implies introduction of 3 different antibiotics, i. e. levomycetin, streptomycin and one of tetracyclines to definite areas of the nutrient medium in a petri dish. The antibiotics diffuse into the medium from 3 strips of filter paper. The greatest part of the medium contains minor amounts of the antibiotics and is used for isolation of the antibiotics sensitive Shigella strains. The procedure is simple and economic. It excludes the most frequent mistakes due to incorrect selection of antibiotics. The preliminary trials showed that the procedure may be used in the routine studies. PMID- 7023377 TI - [Simplified technic of determining the Enterobacteriaceae R-plasmid incompatibility groups suitable for epidemiologic studies]. AB - An economical technique for classification of newly isolated R plasmids according to the incompatibility groups with the use of a set of standard test-plasmids is described. The plasmid under study is transferred into E. coli P678 nal-r or C600 rif-r and crossed with the carrier strains sensitive to nalidixic acid and rifampicin of the standard test plasmids. The crossed strains are subjected to mixed cultivation in separate sectors of the dishes with full-value agar. After incubation the bacterial growth is transferred from the sectors with a velvet replicator onto the agar containing rifampicin or nalidixic acid and antibiotics for isolation of transconjugants carrying the standard test-plasmids with different resistance markers in addition to the plasmid being studied. The transconjugants are incubated and additionally twice replicated onto an analogous fresh selection medium with incubation each time for 6-16 hours at 37 degrees C. In case of incompatibility with one of the standard plasmids the plasmid being studied segregates in the transconjugant in the respective sectors during the replications and growth. Segregation of the plasmid is detected when the transconjugant is replicated from the sectors of the third selection dish onto the agar with the antibiotics, resistance to which is controlled by the R plasmid being studied. The growth is determined until the 4th-6th hour of growth at 37 degrees C. After that period retardation in the growth of the transconjugants is most evident in the sector where segregation of the plasmid being studied takes place. The transconjugant growth in the other sectors is used as control. PMID- 7023378 TI - [Immunodepressive action of anthracycline antibiotics studied on 2 different transplantation immunity models]. AB - The effect of carminomycin and rubomycin in equitoxic doses on the reaction of rejection of the allogenic skin graft and the reaction of the transplant to the host in mice (RTAH) was studied. Carminomycin significantly hampered the rejection of the skin graft and under certain conditions prevented development of the RTAH which indicated suppression of the formation of the clone of the immune T-killers. Rubomycin almost did not hamper the rejection of the skin graft and had no effect on the RTAH which indicated the absence of the selective effect on the system of K-killers. Carminomycin eliminated the RTAH only when it was administered to the recipients of the allogenic lymphoid cells 24 hours after implantation of the cells to the mice treated with cyclophosphamide. When carminomycin was administered to the donors of lymphoid cells 24 hours before the beginning of the experiment, it did not suppress the ability of the cells from these donors to induce the RTAH. Therefore, its effect was directed to the precursors of T-killers activated in the host of the allogenic recipient. PMID- 7023379 TI - Drug resistance and R plasmids of Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs, slaughterers, and breeders of pigs in Japan. AB - We isolated 1,120 drug-resistant Escherichia coli strains from pigs, slaughterers, breeders of pigs, and urban residents and examined their drug resistance. With reference to resistance to tetracycline (Tc) chloramphenicol (Cm), streptomycin (Sm), and sulfanilamide (Su), Tcr, Smr, and Sur strains were most frequently isolated from pigs (57.9%), followed by slaughterers (50.2%) and breeders (42.4%). By contrast, the isolation frequencies of Tcr, Smr, and Sur strains from urban residents were low (12.0%). The isolation frequencies of R plasmids from resistant strains were more than 50% in the case of pigs, slaughterers, and breeders, whereas they were only 13.8% in urban residents. Kanamycin-resistant strains were frequently isolated from pigs (40.3%), slaughterers (22.6%), and breeders of pigs (25.4%), but seldom (only 3.4%) from urban residents. With ampicillin resistance, the frequencies of strains from pigs, slaughterers, breeders, and urban residents were 30.0, 21.5, 5.6, and 13.8%, respectively. R plasmids specifying these latter resistances were frequently seen from pigs (24.0%), slaughterers (23.6%), and breeders (21.1%), but they were not isolated from urban residents. The results suggest that the porcine gut can function as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance plasmids which can then be directly transferred to humans, with the highest frequency of such plasmids appearing in people in the most immediate contact with these animals. PMID- 7023380 TI - Serum aminoglycoside assay by enzyme-mediated immunoassay (EMIT): correlation with radioimmunoassay, microbiological assays. AB - Enzyme-mediated immunoassay (EMIT) serum aminoglycoside assay results were accurate and precise and correlated well with radioimmunoassay, fluoroimmunoassay, and acetyltransferase and microbiological assay determinations. PMID- 7023381 TI - Activity of ceftazidime (GR 20263) against nosocomially important pathogens. AB - Ceftazidime was considerably more active than cefuroxime against 180 strains of resistant species of nosocomial gram-negative bacteria. In terms of antibacterial spectrum and intrinsic activity, ceftazidime is an improvement upon existing beta lactam antibiotics in clinical use and can be regarded as a possible alternative to gentamicin. PMID- 7023382 TI - Identification of R plasmids mediating gentamicin resistance from Escherichia coli strains in Japan. AB - Eight gentamicin-resistant Escherichia coli were identified from among 630 E. coli strans isolated from parenteral infections. All eight strains were multiply resistant and harbored R plasmids mediating gentamicin resistance. The R plasmids specified the formation of two types of aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes AAD (2") and APH (3'). PMID- 7023383 TI - Segregation of 5-fluorocytosine-resistance variants by Candida albicans. AB - Spontaneous production of 5-fluorocytosine-resistant variants by three Candida albicans isolates is due to segregation from a preexisting heterozygous state. PMID- 7023384 TI - Enhanced susceptibility of Escherichia coli to intracellular killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes after in vitro incubation with chloramphenicol. AB - The effect of brief exposure to chloramphenicol of a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli on susceptibility to normal human leukocytes was examined. Leukocytes killed chloramphenicol-pretreated E. coli more efficiently than they did untreated controls. Phagocytosis of pretreated bacteria, as measured by the uptake of radiolabeled bacteria and by direct visual count of engulfed bacteria, was not significantly increased. The decrease in viability was associated with enhanced intracellular killing of phagocytosed antibiotic-damaged bacteria. Chloramphenicol pretreatment altered the frequency distribution of intracellular bacteria by decreasing the number of leukocytes containing multiple stainable bacteria. Leukocytes failed to kill chloramphenicol-pretreated E. coli in the presence of phenylbutazone, which allowed an accumulation of intracellular bacteria. These results indicate that exposure of E. coli to chloramphenicol renders the bacteria more susceptible to intracellular killing and degradation. PMID- 7023385 TI - Extracellular protein release and its response to pH level in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in batch culture at pH 5.5 releases 0.1 to 0.2 pg protein per cell to the external medium over a period of four to five days, final concentration 20-40 micrograms/ml. Cells grown at pH 3.0 release 10-fold this quantity (1-2 pg/cell, final concentration 100-200 micrograms/ml). A kinetic model based on published behavior of periplasmic protein gave a good fit to the observed kinetics of exoprotein yield. The electrophoretic pattern of exoprotein differed from that of cell lysate protein, and exoprotein synthesis was apparently limited to early stages of the life cycle. These results are consistent with the identification of exoprotein as periplasmic protein released to the external medium through the cell wall. Analysis of the observed kinetics of exoprotein yield, utilizing the kinetic model suggests that the greater exoprotein production of cells grown at pH 3.0 was due entirely to greater synthesis of periplasmic proteins while the fraction of periplasmic protein released per unit time was greater for cells grown at pH 5.5. The latter conclusion is supported by thicker cell walls of cells grown at pH 3.0 as observed by electron microscopy. At an applied level the apparent limitation of exoprotein synthesis to the first few hours of cell life, the slow leakage of exoprotein through the cell wall, and the dilute nature of a yeast suspension do not favor the utilization of yeast cells for direct conversion of substrate into protein released to the external medium. PMID- 7023387 TI - Cadaver donor nephrectomy. PMID- 7023386 TI - Liquid modification of Baird-Parker's medium for selective enrichment of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A liquid modification of Baird-Parker's medium is suggested for the detection of low (less than 20/g) numbers of Staphylococcus aureus. Model experiments showed that the medium had an acceptable level of selectivity and that it was non inhibitory to injured cells. Practical evaluation demonstrated the advantage of selective enrichment procedures over both non-selective enrichment technique and direct plating methods. PMID- 7023388 TI - Investigation of compliance in the severely injured: a literature review. PMID- 7023389 TI - Nesidioblastosis of the pancreas: definition of the syndrome and the management of the severe neonatal hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. AB - Three newborn infants are reported who developed severe non-ketotic hypoglycaemia (blood glucose less than 1.1 mmol/l; 19.8 mg/100 ml) within 6 hours of birth. All had inappropriately raised plasma insulin concentrations for the level of glycaemia, and required high rates of glucose infusion (less than 15 mg glucose/kg per minute) to prevent symptoms of hypoglycaemia. Medical treatment (hydrocortisone, diazoxide, chlorothiazide, phenytoin, propranolol, and depot glucagon) was ineffective in preventing hypoglycaemia and all 3 infants were subjected to partial and then total pancreatectomy. The pathological features of nesidioblastosis are reported from quantitative immunohistochemical studies on the pancreata. These results together with those from metabolic and endocrine studies performed on the 3 infants during the investigation of the cause of the hypoglycaemia and during the preoperative and postoperative period are presented in detail in order to define a practical approach to the management of this difficult clinical problem in the neonate. PMID- 7023390 TI - Fetal lung hypoplasia: biochemical and structural variations and their possible significance. AB - Quantitative biochemical criteria for lung growth and maturation were compared with the histological appearances in hypoplastic lungs from 20 fetuses and newborn infants. Cases associated with oligohydramnios showed a characteristic series of changes with narrow airways, retardation of epithelial and interstitial growth, delay in development of blood-air barriers, and low concentrations of phospholipid phosphorus, lecithin phosphorus, total palmitate, and lecithin palmitate. The growth and maturation arrest appeared to affect the peripheral part of the acinus. Examples of other types of lung hypoplasia showed different features. Hypoplastic lungs from infants with normal or increased amniotic fluid were of mature structure with phospholipid concentrations similar to those of infants with normally developed lungs at term. The hypoplastic left lung in 2 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia had an immature structure with low phospholipid concentrations, whereas the right lung has structurally and biochemically more mature. It is suggested that fetal lung growth may be impaired by any influence which reduces thoracic volume but that maturation arrest is due specifically to loss of the ability to retain lung liquid. PMID- 7023391 TI - Familial X-linked adrenocortical hypoplasia association with androgenic precocity. AB - Four male cousins showed clinical and biochemical features of X-linked recessive congenital adrenocortical hypoplasia. In addition, they showed varying degrees of androgenic precocity. One was virilised at birth. Another showed advanced growth and skeletal maturation. The remaining two had genital measurements greater than normal for age and showed raised testosterone levels, although pituitary gonadotrophins seemed normal and there was no response to luteinising hormone releasing hormone testing. It is suggested that in X-linked adrenal hypoplasia, intrauterine adrenal androgen deficiency results in abnormal priming of the pituitary 'gonadostat', leading to an abnormal feedback with excess testosterone production and nonprogressive virilisation. PMID- 7023392 TI - [Triple tumor pathology of the left urinary tract]. AB - The authors present one case of three coexisting tumours in one excretory duct. The absence of clear haematuria at any time and the radiolucid urographic image, along with the clear picture of left, reno-ureteral colic, led to their considering the wrong diagnosis of left ureteral lithiasis. They discuss the rarity of the presence of three tumours, according to the world statistics, and the importance of the ascending pyelography and the exfoliative cytology for the diagnosis of suspicious radiotransparent images of the ureter. PMID- 7023393 TI - [A disease that needs to be recognized: "importation malaria"]. AB - The author's relieve the increase of number of the cases of malaria verified during the previous years in Italy, in subjects coming from malaria regions. The social and medical implications of this phenomenon are remarked. Epidemiology, pathology, immunology, clinical features and therapy of "imported malaria" are briefly elucidated. The new refined methods for the diagnosis (serological tests: Immunofluorescence - FAT and IFA - Enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay - Elisa - Radio-immuno assay, Merozoite inhibition in culture) are described. The elaboration of a human malaria vaccine is analysed theoretically and practically. The imported malaria is a disease that every physician must recognize and treat. PMID- 7023394 TI - Evolving concepts in splenic surgery: splenorrhaphy versus splenectomy and postsplenectomy drainage: experience in 105 patients. AB - A major advance in recent years has been the demonstration in children that most injuries of the spleen can safely be repaired. There is, however, a relative paucity of data regarding primary suture repair of the spleen in adults. This report describes experience with the treatment of 27 consecutive injuries of the spleen between 1978-1980. Splenorrhaphy was successful in 24 of 27 patients. Eighteen of the 24 patients were older than 15 years of age. Seven injuries resulted from penetrating trauma, 13 from blunt trauma, and four from injuries during operation. Repair included debridement, partial splenectomy, and primary suture repair, often in conjunction with Avitene((R)). There were no reoperations for bleeding or postoperative infection. Three splenectomies (11%) were necessary because of either complete destruction of the splenic pulp, or separation of the spleen from its blood supply at the hilum. A separate question for decades has been the influence of types of drainage on infection following splenectomy. To study this question, between 1976-1978, 78 patients undergoing splenectomy were randomized prospectively by sealed envelopes into three groups. Group I-no drainage (23 patients); Group II-closed drainage with Jackson-Pratt drains (30 patients); Group III-open drainage with Penrose drains (25 patients). All but three drains were removed within 48 hours. In these three patients, the drains were removed after 96 hours. In the 53 patients in Group I and II, there were no infections. In Group III (Penrose drains) there were two complications: evisceration of a loop of small bowel through the drain site, and one subphrenic abscess in a patient with a concomitant colonic injury. Present experience does not show any significant difference among the three groups. Concomitant enteric injuries and the duration of drainage maybe the most significant factors influencing infection. The presence or absence of drains per se does not seem significant. PMID- 7023395 TI - Metastatic emphysema: a mechanism for acquiring inguinal herniation. AB - Since our previous work had indicated that veterans with inguinal herniation demonstrated qualitative and quantitative changes in connective tissue, we tested the hypothesis that a possible mechanism for the defect was chronic exposure to circulating proteases generated in the lung by cigarette smoke. We investigated 59 men (average age: 60 years) with eigher primary direct of indirect hernias. Most of the patients smoked. Circulating serum elastolytic activity was significantly greater in patients with direct hernias who smoked when compared with controls (p less than 0.001). In addition, the serum alpha-1-antitrypsin inhibitory capacity was significantly lower in this category than controls (p less than 0.001). Patients with indirect defects who smoked also had significantly higher elastolytic values but to a lesser degree (p less than 0.01). Serum antiprotease and protein concentrations were within the normal range in all categories. Our results indicate that an imbalance between blood protease and antiproteases, resulting from chronic smoking can damage connective tissue in the groin as well as the lung. PMID- 7023396 TI - Gastroduodenal complications in kidney transplant recipients. AB - Oral antacids taken every two hours while awake provided the only prophylaxis against gastroduodenal ulceration for 167 kidney transplant recipients between 1968 and July 1978. Either perforation or major hemorrhage occurred in eight patients within 30 days after transplantation. Between July 1978 and January 1981, bleeding occurred within 30 days in two of 147 recipients who were treated with both antacids and cimetidine. Of the 147 patients, eleven with a history of ulcers had undergone pretransplant vagotomy; neither perforation nor hemorrhage occurred in any of the eleven patients. Despite reports that cimetidine enhances certain types of immune responses, we observed slightly greater graft survival in the group treated with cimetidine. PMID- 7023397 TI - Use of demineralized allogeneic bone implants for the correction of maxillocraniofacial deformities. AB - Two major problems in maxillocraniofacial surgery are the limited amount of fresh autogenous bone, the standard material for bone grafting, and the resorption of the grafted bone. Experimental studies with demineralized, devitalized bone matrix have shown induction of endochondral ossification. Fifty-five demineralized allogeneic implants have been used in 44 patients over the past two years for a variety of congenital (n = 37) and acquired (n = 7) defects. The allogeneic bone was obtained from cadavers, prepared as powders, chips or blocks, and was demineralized. After having been sterilized by irradiation, they were used to augment contour, fill defects, or construct bone within soft tissue. Of implanted sites that could be evaluated by physical examination, 31 of 31 were solid by three months. By radiographic examination three of 19 were healed by three months, and an additional 11 were positive by six months. Induced bone was seen in four of four biopsy specimens. Infection occurred in four of 44 patients (9%), comparable with conventional grafts. Implant resorption occurred in four instances. Allogeneic demineralized implants offer several advantages over conventional bone grafting, such as avoidance of a harvesting operation, ease of manipulation, and potentially unlimited material in banked form. In addition, healing by induced osteogenesis may bypass the resorption seen with healing of mineral-containing grafts. PMID- 7023398 TI - Babesia rodhaini and Plasmodium berghei. A highly active series of chlorophenoxyalkoxy-substituted diamino-dihydrotriazines against experimental infections in mice. PMID- 7023399 TI - A simplified culture technique for Plasmodium falciparum. PMID- 7023400 TI - A simple automated device for the maintenance of Plasmodium falciparum in suspension culture. PMID- 7023401 TI - Application of the indirect fluorescent antibody test in the serodiagnosis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in Iran. PMID- 7023402 TI - Clinical evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel (Embay 8440) against Clonorchis sinensis infection in man. PMID- 7023403 TI - A comparison of static thin layer and suspension cultures for the maintenance in vitro of Plasmodium falciparum. PMID- 7023404 TI - The Anopheles gambiae Giles complex and Bancroftian filariasis transmission in a Tanzanian coastal village. PMID- 7023405 TI - Active and inactive renin in human seminal plasma. AB - The occurrence of renin and renin substrate has been described in human seminal plasma. Mean levels of active and total renin were higher in seminal plasma than in normal male plasma (7.1 compared to 3.8 and 38.5 compared to 24.6 ng/ml/hr, respectively). The differences were not statistically significant. Renin substrate concentrations were very low compared to male plasma levels, which suggests that renin may function either in tissues of the male genital tract prior to secretion into the seminal plasma or may be important following ejaculation in the female genital tract. PMID- 7023406 TI - [Application of colorimetry to the surveillance of the coastal waters of Tunisia]. PMID- 7023407 TI - Role of the intima in the relaxation of the canine femoral artery caused by thrombin. PMID- 7023408 TI - Influence of prostaglandin D2 and prostacyclin on oviduct motility and blood pressure in the domestic hen. PMID- 7023409 TI - Atrial infarction. Importance, diagnosis, and localization. PMID- 7023410 TI - Bacterial meningitis in the absence of CSF pleocytosis. AB - Two cases of acute bacterial meningitis occurred with an absent CSF WBC response. To determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of such patients, 50 consecutive cases of meningitis were reviewed retrospectively. In addition to the two initially noted cases, five additional cases were found. In the seven cases, there were six or fewer cells, but bacteria were detected in the CSF. A distinctive clinical and laboratory syndrome emerged. All seven patients were either old or had Hodgkin's disease or severe alcoholism. All patients had evidence of an overwhelming infection with confusion or nuchal rigidity. As compared with the remaining 45 patients with meningitis and CSF pleocytosis, no fever (less than 38 degrees C), a lower peripheral WBC count, and near-normal CSF glucose and protein concentrations were common. Organisms involved were EScherichia coli in three patients, Pneumococcus in three patients, and mixed anaerobes in patient. A fatal outcome ensued in six of seven patients. Despite the correct choice of an antibacterial agent, doses were late and suboptimal for meningitis. This syndrome is surprisingly common in host-defective cases, has an ominous prognosis, and must be treated expectantly with antimicrobial agents that enter the CSF. PMID- 7023411 TI - Lymphocyte populations in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The lymphocyte population was studied in 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 15 healthy controls. The early E rosettes, and the B lymphocytes (immunofluorescence) were normal. The late rosettes were lower in rheumatoid arthritis (p less than 0.005). This decrease was correlated with immunosuppressive therapy or the activity of the disease. PMID- 7023412 TI - An ultrastructural and immunofluorescent study of rabies virus in tissue culture for antiviral drug evaluation. AB - With the purpose of establishing a model for antiviral drug evaluation the ERA and V319 rabies fixed virus strains were studied in tissue cultures, for studies of the rabies virus cycle. Viral incubation was made using a low viral input multiplicity and allowing substances that may alter, cell or virus morphology. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy studies were carried out for quantitative evaluation of structures involved in rabies virus replication after a 24 hours incubation period. The number of fluorescent cells decreased with the viral dilutions. ERA rabies strain had more fluorescent cells than V319 strain. Also viral structures were commonly found on different penetration steps to the cells, with the ERA strain. Interpretation of our results was made on the basis that ERA strain showed a shorter latency period than the V319 rabies strain. Differences in the replication pattern between fixed rabies strains using similar experimental conditions were found. PMID- 7023413 TI - [Stereotaxic brain operations in erethitic imbecility (author's transl)]. AB - Long-term results of stereotaxic operations in 23 patients with severe erethitic (aggressive-destructive) imbecility were evaluated. Target areas in the thalamus, electrocoagulated in separate bilateral operations, were the dorsomedial nucleus and the internal medullary lamina. Definite tranquilization was achieved in 50% and acquiescence in 27% of patients, resulting in a positive effect on more than 75% of patients. The postoperative course showed a constant level of quiet behavior in only 25% of patients ("static course"), whereas 50% of patients showed an oscillating course leading to subsequent improvement and later stabilization ("undulant course"). The final outcome was improvement and later stabilization ("undulant course"). The final outcome was not improved in 25% of patients. Additional therapeutic measures involving adaptation of psychopharmacotherapy improvements in surroundings, and play and working therapy were occasionally effective (Fig 3). In the pneumoencephalograms of these patients a new distinctive variant was encountered that awaits confirmation: typically, a definite increase in thalamic height, a decrease in ventricular width, and a relative diminution of base line length was found. Stereotaxic thalamotomy in erethitic imbeciles is a therapeutic method with a 75% long-term effectiveness and should be considered a proven therapeutic alternative. PMID- 7023415 TI - Group treatment of erectile by dysfunction for men without partners: a controlled evaluation. AB - This study utilized a control group design to evaluate the effectiveness of group treatment of erectile dysfunction in men without partners. Twenty-one men with secondary erectile dysfunction were randomly assigned to one of two men's groups with different cotherapy teams or to a waiting-list control condition. Results indicated that while the two men's groups did not differ on any clinical-outcome measures, each men's group improved significantly more than the waiting-list clients on a variety of measures concerning sexual attitudes and behaviors related to erectile dysfunction. Furthermore, most of the treatment gains for men's group participants were maintained at six-week and six-month follow-up evaluations. However, the men's group and waiting-list participants did not differ significantly in the reported frequency of erection difficulties following treatment. In comparing the present findings with those of previous studies of men's group treatment, it is hypothesized that the absence of significant change in the frequency of erection difficulties in the present study may have been attributable to the older age of our clients or to the relative lack of emphasis on dating-skills training in this treatment format. This study illustrates the importance of including some form of no-treatment control condition in the evaluation of new treatments for sexual dysfunction. PMID- 7023414 TI - The science of sex research: some methodological considerations. AB - This paper represents a review of substantive theoretical, methodological, and statistical issues relevant to conducting research on human sexual behavior. Guidelines for maintaining rigor and precision in future investigations are also proposed. So as to able to address issues that pervade all research on human sexual behavior, six topic areas are discussed: theory-related issues, issues involving research design, issues involving subject selection, measurement issues, data-analytic issues, and issues concerned with human-subject protection. The ultimate objective of this paper is to make suggestions aimed at improving the quality of research on human sexual behavior. PMID- 7023416 TI - Psychosurgery of sexually deviant patients: review and analysis of new empirical findings. AB - From 1962 to 1979, 74 men and one woman considered sexually abnormal have received surgical hypothalamotomies in the Federal Republic of Germany. This paper reviews the neurophysiological assumptions behind the surgery, the criteria for surgery, and the effects and side effects of surgery as far as has been documented by medical, psychiatric, psychological, sexual, and social data. The neurophysiological bases for hypothalamotomies on humans with deviant sexual behavior appear dubious, the indications make use of questionable scientific and clinical categories and assumptions, few reliable data have been submitted for side effects, and follow-up studies are based on poor methodology. Restrictive regulations against this type of "experimental therapy" are suggested. PMID- 7023417 TI - Principles of selective inactivation of viral genome. II. Influence of stirring and optical density of the layer to be irradiated upon UV-induced inactivation of viruses. AB - Kinetics of the UV-induced (lambda = 254 nm) inactivation of phage MS2 is studied for stirred and non-stirred solutions with optical densities ranging from 0.06 to 2.1. The extent of inactivation exhibits exponential dependence on irradiation time for stirred solutions thus indicating the homogeneity of the phage population in respect to photosensitivity of infectivity. Irradiation of the same solution without stirring results in deviation of survival curves from exponential ones (the so called "tailing"), being more pronounced the larger the optical density of the layer under irradiation and degree of inactivation. Such a deviation is conditioned by non-uniform light absorption by virions in solution in the absence of stirring. The inactivation kinetics upon UV-irradiation of the stirred and non-stirred phage solutions is rather accurately expressed by respective equations thus enabling the choice of rational conditions for a given depth of phage inactivation to be performed. PMID- 7023418 TI - Production of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) polyhedra in a gamma irradiated Lymantria dispar cell line. AB - Lymantria dispar cells wee exposed to different doses of gamma radiation one hour after infection with cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV). It was found that irradiated cells can produce infectious polyhedra. Modifications in the structure and in the process of maturation of the polyhedra were noted. The number of polyhedra per cell increased significantly after cell irradiation at 10(4) and 10(5) rads but no change was noted after cell treatment at 10(2) rads. On the other hand, morphological changes and a high mortality rate were noted in cell cultures treated at intensities higher than 10(3) rads. Therefore, the total yield of polyhedra produced when using 10(2) or 10(4) rads was similar to that obtained in normal cells but dropped significantly after cell irradiation at 10(5) rads. PMID- 7023419 TI - Single radial haemolysis for the determination of antibody to reoviruses. PMID- 7023420 TI - [50th anniversary of the Department of Human Anatomy of the M. Gor'kii Donets Medical Institute]. PMID- 7023421 TI - [Modification of the technic for preparing histotopograms on paper]. PMID- 7023422 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 7023423 TI - Advances in diagnosis and clinical laboratory testing in immunologic disorders. PMID- 7023424 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea syndrome in adults. PMID- 7023425 TI - Differential diagnosis of insomnias and parasomnias. PMID- 7023426 TI - Effect of blood sugar control on the microangiopathy of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7023427 TI - [Taxonomic method in the differential diagnosis of stomach cancer types based on cytological data]. AB - The results of computor classification of cytological materials were compared with those of cytomorphological analysis based on qualitative criteria to determine the possibility of using a taxonomical method (approximation method of statistical classification) in differential cytological diagnosis of gastric carcinoma. The materials examined included cytograms and biopsies obtained by gastrofibroscopy in 100 patients with gastric carcinoma. A program considering 28 morphometric parameters was used for computor treatment of the cytograms. Comparison of the results of computer classification (4 taxons) and cytomorphological analysis by qualitative criteria demonstrated their essential coincidence corresponding to the enteric, diffuse and anaplastic types of gastric carcinoma. Taxon I included 19 out of 28 cases of gastric carcinoma of the diffuse type, taxons II and III 48 tumors of the enteric type. The group of tumors of unspecified form distinguished by the cytomorphological analysis was distributed as follows: tumors for which no common opinion was reached (14) were distributed between taxons I and III; the tumors which could not be classified because of a low degree of differentiation were included into taxon IV. By this feature, cytograms of taxon IV tumors were designated as anaplastic gastric carcinoma. Computer classification of gastric carcinoma cytograms gave an objective and more orderly distribution of cytological objects than grouping by qualitative criteria. PMID- 7023428 TI - [Effect of the fixation time on tumor mitotic regimen]. AB - The mitotic regimen of 10 carcinomas from 8 patients was studied. The material was cut and fixed immediately, 1, 2, and 24 hours after the removal of the tumor. The intensity of changes in the mitotic regimen was shown to rise with the increasing length of the period from tumor removal to its fixation. This is likely to be due to partial retention of the capacity of the removed tumor cells to enter mitosis which leads to "accumulation" of dividing cells in the metaphase by the type of K-mitosis. PMID- 7023429 TI - [Liquid crystals (mesophases) in the human body]. AB - The role of liquid crystal state (LCS) of biomacromolecules and phenomena of polymesomorphism in the formation of certain pathological processes in man is considered. The spectrum of diseases the pathogenesis of which is associated with mesophases is discussed. The evidence of participation of mesophases in cellular pathology are presented. A possible influence of LCS on the development of certain disorders found under space flight conditions is mentioned. Particular attention is drawn to the necessity of studying the phase composition and structure of liquid crystals in biological environment for the solution of some diagnostic and prognostic problems. PMID- 7023430 TI - [Methodological and methodic bases for the diagnosis of biopsy materials]. AB - Methodological principles of intra vital morphological diagnosis should be considered not so much from the point of view of possible increase of the amount of information as from the point of view of possible optimization of the process of diagnosis and logic of knowledge. Histological diagnosis of biopsies must be based on a multiple-factor semi-quantitative analysis of clinical and morphological data and successive synthesis of informative diagnostic criteria. To resolve this problem and to regulate differential diagnosis of biopsies on the basis of likelihood concepts, it would be expedient to use the developed methods of algorithms facilitating the work of pathologists and disciplining the process of diagnostic thinking. PMID- 7023431 TI - [70th anniversary (1911-1981) of the Department of Pathological Anatomy of the Saratov Medical Institute of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor]. PMID- 7023432 TI - [Water-electrolyte disorders and their importance in the etiopathogenesis and physiopathology of edemas]. PMID- 7023433 TI - Pressure control of ultrafiltration rate with high-flux dialysis membranes. AB - Control of ultrafiltration with high-flux dialysis membranes is normally achieved using complex, expensive, volumetric control methods. By using high-flux dialyzers with distensible membranes (parallel-plate dialyzers) in the cocurrent rather than in the countercurrent mode, ultrafiltration can be controlled simply and inexpensively by controlling the outlet pressure differential. Since this is the traditional method of ultrafiltration control, only minor, inexpensive equipment modifications are needed. As expected from transport theory, small molecule clearances are lower with cocurrent than with countercurrent flow. They are, however, adequate and superior to those achieved with post-dilutional hemofiltration (urea clearance greater than 110 ml/min with cocurrent single pass, high-flux dialysis). Ultrafiltration control with this method is so simple and predictable that clearances at zero net ultrafiltration rates can easily be measured rather than extrapolated. Since dialysate pressure is always positive, no deaeration systems would be needed in dialysis equipment designed for use with cocurrent single-pass, high-flux dialysis. PMID- 7023434 TI - Rushed judgment in uremia therapy. PMID- 7023435 TI - Patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis who undergo plasmapheresis therapy. Pathologic findings. AB - Muscle biopsy specimens were studied in 20 of 26 patients who had polymyositis or dermatomyositis prior to treatment with plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive therapy. Morphologic findings from biopsy specimens were similar among patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis, except that perifascicular atrophy was a prominent feature in patients with dermatomyositis and inconspicuous or absent in patients with polymyositis; immunofluorescent staining of muscle for immunoglobulins and/or complement was noted more frequently for patients with dermatomyositis than those with polymyositis. Patients judged clinically to have highly active disease had the most severe changes, which consisted of muscle necrosis, regeneration, phagocytosis, and inflammation; those with mild and moderately active disease were indistinguishable pathologically. No correlation between duration of disease and degree of pathologic alteration was found. Six of seven patients with both pretreatment and posttreatment biopsies showed marked improvement in the extent of pathologic alteration, and a statistically significant reduction in the degree of muscle atrophy following treatment. PMID- 7023436 TI - Cell-surface bound beta-fructofuranosidase (invertase) of the oral bacterium Streptococcus mitis. PMID- 7023437 TI - An in-vitro study of the adherence of Candida albicans to acrylic surfaces. PMID- 7023438 TI - Factors affecting th in-vitro adherence of Candida albicans to acrylic surfaces. PMID- 7023439 TI - Fourier analysis and homology of the first molars of the Palaeocene primate family Picrodontidae. PMID- 7023440 TI - Acid formation by mixed cultures of dental plaque bacteria Actinomyces and Veillonella. PMID- 7023441 TI - Acoustic trauma effects with varying exposure times. AB - Guinea pigs have been exposed to 20 kHz for 2 h, 1 h, 30 min, 15 min, or 7.5 min, and the resultant damage was observed 3, 6, and 12 weeks post exposure. The areas of outer hair cell damage were statistically compared. Significant differences were obtained after a 3-week survival time with the shorter exposure times, but this difference was no longer apparent after 12 weeks. Myelinated nerve fibre and inner hair cell damage occurred only with total outer hair cell loss. PMID- 7023443 TI - Distinguished educator will lead College of Nursing, Australia (June Cochrane). PMID- 7023442 TI - Lesions to cochlear inner hair cells induced by noise. AB - A total of 28 un-anesthetized rabbits of the small chinchilla strain were unilaterally exposed to noise (2-7 kHz, 135 dB SPL in the ear canal). After a follow-up time ranging from 15 minutes to 10 months, the ears were perfused with glutaraldehyde and prepared for analysis by secondary emission electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The typical finding was a fusion and clumping of inner hair cell (IHC) sensory hairs. In two of the animals, no loss of outer hair cells (OHC) was observed; in several of the others, only a small local loss of OHC was observed in the 2 and 4 kHz regions in spite of extensive IHC abnormality. A frequency map of the rabbit cochlea was obtained by pure tone lesions to OHC. The extent of IHC abnormalities corresponds to the 1-16 kHz region. The findings may provide a basis for the study of the functional relationship between the IHC and OHC. PMID- 7023444 TI - Medicines and ageing. PMID- 7023445 TI - In the ward next door to Sister Kenny. PMID- 7023446 TI - The genetics of human alcoholism: a review. PMID- 7023447 TI - Genetics of biochemical and behavioural aspects of alcohol metabolism. PMID- 7023448 TI - Genetic regulation and development of alcohol dehydrogenases in the mouse. AB - Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) of mouse tissues was investigated using electrophoretic zymogram methods. ADH activity is widely distributed in mouse tissues and exists as at least two genetic isozymes, designated A2 and C2, which are predominantly localised in liver and stomach respectively. Electrophoretic and activity variants of ADH-C2 among inbred strains of mice have been used to localise the gene encoding this enzyme (Adh-3) and a closely linked temporal locus (Adh-3-t) on chromosome 3 of this organism. Recent developmental studies on ADH isozymes in the mouse have been reviewed. PMID- 7023449 TI - The glomerular sieve and the mechanisms of proteinuria. AB - The glomerular capillary wall acts as a sieve, allowing the passage of water and small solutes but holding up circulating macromolecules the size of albumin or larger. Recent studies indicate that such macromolecules are held up at the level of the endothelial fenestrae by a functional barrier which depends critically upon the maintenance of normal haemodynamic conditions. The effectiveness of this barrier probably relates to molecular sieving phenomena across the basement membrane, perhaps in conjunction with the formation of a concentration polarisation layer beneath the endothelium, and possibly in association with charge effects. Accordingly, proteinuria may result not only from structural damage to the capillary wall in glomerular disease but also from general or local changes in glomerular blood flow or ultrafiltration flux, causing disturbances in the functional barrier at the endothelial fenestrae. Because it appears that the epithelial layer offers the major restriction to water flux across the wall, protein leakage at sites of focal loss of the epithelial layer (as found in a variety of human and experimental proteinuric states) may result from a focal "blow-out" of ultrafiltration flux, thereby disrupting the functional barrier at the endothelial fenestrae and dragging macromolecules across to the urinary space. PMID- 7023450 TI - Prevention of wound infection in elective colorectal resections by preoperative cephazolin with and without metronidazole. AB - Fifty patients were admitted to a prospective controlled double blind trial for assessment of the effect of preoperative intramuscular cephazolin with oral metronidazole or placebo on the incidence of wound infection in patients requiring treatment by elective large intestinal resection. All patients were operated upon by one surgeon. After exclusion of two patients who died postoperatively 48 were analysed. No wound infection occurred in 22 patients receiving cephazolin with metronidazole. One (3.8%) infection developed in 26 patients receiving cephazolin with placebo. The difference did not attain statistical significance. Preoperative intramuscular cephazolin with or without metronidazole provides an effective and safe method of chemoprophylaxis for elective colorectal resection. PMID- 7023451 TI - The founders of the College. PMID- 7023452 TI - Brief history of Northfield. PMID- 7023453 TI - Relaxation and baby massage. PMID- 7023454 TI - Infectious diseases: a matter for immunisation... or a matter for further inquiry. PMID- 7023455 TI - The ultrasonic aspects of polyhydramnios. PMID- 7023456 TI - Consequences of active or passive immunization of turkeys against Escherichia coli O78. AB - Turkeys were injected at 7 and 14 days of age with live, heat-killed or formalin killed Escherichia coli O78. Other turkeys were passively immunized at 22 days of age with hyperimmune serum produced against live or heat-killed E. coli O78. All turkeys were challenged at 24 days of age with E. coli O78. Turkeys immunized intramuscularly or intratracheally with live E. coli O78 were protected from death, whereas few turkeys given killed E. coli O78 were protected. Passively immunized turkeys were protected from death regardless of whether live or heat killed E. coli O78 was used to produce the hyperimmune serum. Most turkeys that survived challenge developed septic polysynovitis 2--4 days after challenge. PMID- 7023457 TI - Effect of ingested Lactobacilli on Salmonella infantis and Escherichia coli and on intestinal flora, pasted vents, and chick growth. AB - Experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of lactobacilli (LB) in poultry medicine. These were the findings: (1) the numbers of LB and Escherichia coli present in the ceca of newly hatched chicks from the same hatchery had marked variation among hatches; (2) LB inoculated into the crop a few hours after hatching did not induce a reduction of Salmonella infantis in the cecal contents; (3) a single dose of LB given at one day after hatching did not appear to alter the LB-coliform balance in the cecum; (4) in one group of fasted chicks, LB inoculation prevented accumulation of excreta around the vents; (5) prophylactic feeding of the bacillus to non-stressed chicks averted pasted vents; (6) continuous feeding of LB produced a numerical increase of body weight that was not statistically significant in the small groups of birds utilized; (7) poults hatched from medicated eggs had a low LB count in the cecum, and crop instillation of LB at one day of age did not change the cecal LB-coliform flora at 9 days of age in treated and untreated groups; (8) LB that had an initial viable count of 10(9) and was held at room temperature in tap water remained at that titer for 23 days; and (9) various numerical combinations of LB and E. coli in the stationary phase of growth did not, at any concentration of either organism, depress viability of the other. PMID- 7023458 TI - The biochemical genetics of glycolysis in microbes. PMID- 7023459 TI - Mechanisms of yeast genetics. PMID- 7023460 TI - Hydrogenase genes. AB - For a variety of reasons, including the potential industrial applications of hydrogenase, we are interested in the isolation and analysis of hydrogenase genes. In a program focusing on the hydrogen bacterium A. eutrophus H1 and E. coli, we have developed a preliminary concept of the interaction of hydrogenase in cellular metabolism, constructed mutants deficient in hydrogenase activity, and begun the isolation of hydrogenase genes utilizing the technology allowing the in vitro manipulation of DNA. We hope to pursue this project to its ultimate goal: the analysis of the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of expression of these genes and the development of the ability to manipulate the production of hydrogenase. PMID- 7023461 TI - Conversion of reductases to dehydrogenases by regulatory mutations. PMID- 7023462 TI - Microbial adaptations to stress: some lessons to be learned from aerobes. PMID- 7023463 TI - The role of proline in osmoregulation in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. AB - Previously we demonstrated that high intracellular proline levels conferred enhanced osmotolerance on Salmonella typhimurium. Stimulation of growth rate under conditions of osmotic inhibition could be brought about either by the addition of proline to the culture media or by mutations which result in proline over-production. Here, we report that there is a novel proline transport system in S. typhimurium which is activated in media of elevated osmolarity. this conclusion is based on the observation that putP- proP- double mutants, which lack both of the known proline permeases are resistant in minimal medium to the toxic proline analogues 3,4-dehydro-D, L-proline and L-azetidine-2-carboxylate. However, they regain sensitivity to the analogues in media of elevated osmolarity. Selecting resistance to 3,4-dehydro-D, L-proline in media of elevated osmolarity, we obtained mutants of putP- proP- strains which lack the osmotically activated proline permease. In these strains, exogenous proline could no longer alleviate osmotic inhibition. PMID- 7023464 TI - Effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) and adenosine (ASN) on total and regional blood flow of isolated, collateralized dog hearts. AB - Dogs were subjected to chronic occlusion of the left circumflex and the right coronary artery by ameroid-type constrictors 4-5 weeks before the experiments. The hearts were isolated, fibrillated and perfused with blood (100 mm Hg) from a support dog. Total and regional myocardial blood flow as well as peripheral coronary pressure (circumflex artery) were determined before and during infusion of PGI2 and ASN into the isolated hearts. Both drugs increased total and regional blood flow to all parts of the myocardium in a dose-dependent manner, PGI2 being 2-3 times more potent than ASN. The perfusion pressure for the collateral dependent myocardium, the peripheral coronary pressure, decreased following high doses of both drugs. For PGI2 a dose level existed where total flow was increased, while peripheral coronary pressure remained unaffected. After termination of the infusion of PGI2, a peripheral coronary pressure rose above predrug level with the total blood flow still being elevated. These findings indicate a PGI2-induced dilatation of collateral vessels. In general, the hemodynamic profile within the isolated hearts and the support dogs was characterized by the pronounced vasodilatory effects of PGI2 on arterioles. However, these effects did not deteriorate further the non-homogenous blood flow distribution in the collateralized portions of the myocardium. PMID- 7023465 TI - [Early mobilization after primary and secondary flexor tendon suturing]. PMID- 7023466 TI - Prophylactic and therapeutic profile of lithium. PMID- 7023467 TI - Kidney morphology and function in lithium-treated patients. AB - The findings of morphological changes in the kidneys of some patients given long term treatment with lithium and indications that lithium intoxications frequently are preceded by alterations in water and electrolyte metabolism have generated new interest in the effect of long-term lithium treatment on kidney structure and function. Today it is not firmly established to which extent renal morphological changes are present in unselected groups of patients given long-term treatment with lithium. Neither is it clear what is the clinical significance of these changes and what are the relative roles played by lithium, concomitant and previous treatment with other psychotropic drugs, previous occurrence of lithium intoxications, and coexistence of somatic illness for their development. Studies on kidney function in long-term lithium-treated patients, however, have revealed that affection of GFR was either moderate or absent indicating that the risk of renal insufficiency and terminal azotemia is remote even when lithium is given for many years. A large number of patients have altered water excretion with polyuria or lowered urine concentrating ability or both. Due to the extra fluid loss these patients are apt to develop dehydration, and they may then be in danger of lithium intoxication. We hypothesize that lithium-induced changes of kidney function may become less frequent and less pronounced if patients are maintained at serum lithium levels somewhat lower (0.5-0.8 mmol/l) than those commonly employed. We recommend careful monitoring of serum lithium levels, regular control of kidney function, and extra caution when physical illness or additional drug treatment may lead to disturbance of fluid and electrolyte balance. PMID- 7023468 TI - [Lithium prophylaxis in schizoaffective psychoses]. PMID- 7023469 TI - Responders and non-responders to lithium therapy. Some potential biological indicators. PMID- 7023470 TI - Effects of pyruvate, L-lactate, and 3-phenylpyruvate on function of ob/ob mouse pancreatic islets: insulin secretion in relation to 45Ca2+ uptake and metabolism. PMID- 7023471 TI - Dissociation of insulin's effects on cell metabolism and on subcellular calcium transport systems of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PMID- 7023472 TI - Characterization of an alcohol, dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus active with ethanol and secondary alcohols. PMID- 7023473 TI - Purification and characterization of a calcium dependent sulfhydryl protease from human platelets. PMID- 7023474 TI - Positive regulatory gene for temperature-controlled proteins in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7023475 TI - Induction of catalase in Escherichia coli by ascorbic acid involves hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 7023476 TI - Protease inducible alkali lability of DNA from proliferating and non proliferating cells. PMID- 7023478 TI - Isopycnic analysis of intact cells - IV: Comparison of anaerobic shift-down with autonomous phage shut-down in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7023477 TI - A new method for the preparation of a calcium activated neutral protease highly sensitive to calcium ions. PMID- 7023479 TI - Impaired negative cooperativity of the semisynthetic analogues human [LeuB24]- and [LeuB25]-insulins. PMID- 7023480 TI - Kinetic study of the expression of Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogen fixation (nif) genes under conditions of inhibited transcription. PMID- 7023481 TI - Chloroquine resistant malaria: association with enhanced plasmodial protease activity. PMID- 7023482 TI - 1-Hydroxycyclopropane carboxylic acid phosphate: a potent inhibitor of enzymes metabolizing phosphoenolpyruvate. PMID- 7023483 TI - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs with increased anti-ovulatory activity. PMID- 7023484 TI - Alcohol-induced redox changes in the liver of the spontaneously hypertensive rat: effect of chronic ethanol treatment. PMID- 7023485 TI - Characteristics of membrane transport of methotrexate by cultured human breast cancer cells. PMID- 7023486 TI - Inhibition of tRNA aminoacylation by ethidium dimer and several other bifunctional intercalators with or without antitumor activity. PMID- 7023487 TI - Hepatic microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS): respective roles of ethanol and carbohydrates for the enhanced activity after chronic alcohol consumption. PMID- 7023488 TI - Mechanism of nifurtimox toxicity in different forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 7023489 TI - The fate of the ethanol analogue 1,3-butanediol in the dog. An in vivo-in vitro comparison. PMID- 7023490 TI - Spectral evidence for the cytochrome P450 nature of prostacyclin synthetase. PMID- 7023491 TI - Effect of captopril on proteins and peptide hormones. PMID- 7023492 TI - Possible mechanism of fusidic acid resistance in E. coli. PMID- 7023493 TI - Fluproquazone: analgesic activity in outpatients with non-migrainous headache. AB - The analgesic activity of 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-7-methyl-2(1H) quinazolinone (fluproquazone) was investigated in three separate controlled studies including 131 outpatients with non-migrainous headache. By means of the patients' self-assessment of pain intensity and pain relief, 25 mg and 50 mg doses were shown to be effective according to some parameters of analgesic effect; a 100-mg dose was more effective, being significantly different from placebo for all parameters of analgesia. Fluproquazone 50 mg was as active as acetylsalicylic acid 1000 mg and slightly less active than a combination of propyphenazone 220 mg and allobarbital 30 mg. Except for the occurrence of vomiting in one patient after fluproquazone 50 mg and 100 mg. the drug was well tolerated. PMID- 7023494 TI - Clinical evaluation of fluproquazone in post-operative pain. A report of double blind comparative trials in patients after surgical interventions. AB - A collaborative double-blind randomized trial was carried out involving 123 hospitalized patients with moderate or severe pain following surgical interventions such as episiotomy, vaginal uterus extirpation or meniscectomy. The analgesic effect of multiple oral doses of 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-7-2(1H) quinazolinone (fluproquazone) (100 mg) was compared with that of paracetamol (500 mg). Self-assessments were made of pain relief by the patients over a 3-day period. The results showed that fluproquazone produced at least comparable relief to paracetamol after the first dose and at the end of the overall treatment period. Furthermore, the analgesic effect of fluproquazone was significantly superior to paracetamol after a 6-h period. Over-all tolerance to multiple doses was assessed as excellent or good by all the patients receiving fluproquazone. The commonest side-effects in both treatment groups were gastrointestinal symptoms. However, the overall incidence of side-effects was lower in the fluproquazone group and those that were reported were mostly mild as compared with the paracetamol group. PMID- 7023495 TI - Antihypertensive and general pharmacological properties of budralazine. AB - Antihypertensive and general pharmacological properties of 1-[2-(1,3-dimethyl-2 butenylidene)hydrazino]phthalazine (budralazine) were studied in comparison with those of hydralazine. Single oral administration of budralazine (4--15 mg/kg) to DOCA/saline hypertensive rats resulted in a dose-related and sustained antihypertensive effect which was 2--3 times less potent than that of hydralazine. However, there were no remarkable differences between both drugs in the hypotensive magnitude after the 4-week treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with their higher doses. After single oral administration, budralazine was about 8 times less potent than hydralazine in increasing plasma renin activity in normotensive rats. At effective antihypertensive doses, budralazine inhibited spontaneous motor activity (mice), gastrointestinal propulsion (mice), gastric emptying rate (rats), gastric secretion (rats), urine output and urinary electrolyte excretion (rats) as well as carrageenan-induced paw edema formation (rats), which were essentially less potent than those produced by hydralazine. Budralazine at 6 mg/kg i.v. exhibited a slowing of neocortical EEG (cats) and a slight increase in spinal monosynaptic potentials (cats) and inhibited gastrointestinal motility (dogs). The same dose of hydralazine produced an increase in occurrence of the neocortical fast waves, an inhibition of the monosynaptic potentials and the carotid sinus reflex (dogs) and a stimulation of intestinal motility followed by prolonged and marked reduction. Budralazine (10(-5) g/ml) slightly potentiated contractile response of isolated guinea-pig vas deferens to noradrenaline, whereas hydralazine (10(-4) g/ml) inhibited the response. Budralazine (10(-5) g/ml), like hydralazine (10(-4) g/ml), produced a nonspecific antagonism against the contractile response of isolated guinea-pig ileum to various spasmogens, and both drugs (10(-4) g/ml) reduced either spontaneous motility or oxytocin-induced motility in isolated rat uterus. PMID- 7023496 TI - Ureteral obstruction in a transplanted kidney renal dynamic study (99m Tc-DTPA). PMID- 7023497 TI - Immunology of cardiac diseases- a review. PMID- 7023498 TI - [The rehabilitation of the uremic child]. PMID- 7023499 TI - [Preliminary results on the effects of pretreatment with thymic extract on experimental endotoxin hepatitis in the mouse]. AB - The Authors wish to examine the protective effects which a period of pre treatment with thymostimulin, would have on endotoxin hepatitis, induced in thymectomized and non-thymectomized animals. The test showed that the histological picture and the degree of endotoxinemia, measured with the Lymulus test, benefited from treatment with a thymic extract. This therapy was effect (and was statistically significant) in obtaining an immunorestoring effect (in the thymectomized mouse) and in inducing an immunostimulating effect (in the normal mouse). PMID- 7023500 TI - Notes on the appearance of double and triple anomalies in Escherichia coli strains. AB - The authors report the appearing of Escherichia coli strains differing from typical E. coli patterns as lacking in indole production, lactose fermentation and motility and as some of them are positive for malonate test. On 131 isolates studied, 22 strains carried double or triple anomalies. PMID- 7023501 TI - Legionellosis in an infant: first case in Italy. AB - Among several children admitted in Hospital with febrile acute pneumonia, it has been found - by indirect immunofluorescence assay a significant seroconversion for Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, compatible with a recent infection, in an 18-month-old boy. The clinical course of the disease was favourable, and a prompt recovery as observed after administration of an antibiotic (cefuroxime) stable to the bacterial beta-lactamase. PMID- 7023502 TI - [Initial observations on the secretion of stains by the rabbit gastric mucosa under experimental conditions. (Technical note)]. AB - It has been demonstrated that an intravenous injection of Toluidine Blue after insulin stimulation is followed in rabbit by a gastric secretion stained pale blue. Through vagotomy experiments it has been seen that gastric secretion is probably depending on vaginerves activity. PMID- 7023503 TI - [Insulin receptors: the in vitro effect of oral hypoglycemic agents]. PMID- 7023504 TI - [Role of insulin receptors in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7023505 TI - [Effect of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism in the catfish (Ictalurus melas). I) In vivo experiments]. AB - The effects of bovine insulin on blood glucose, liver and muscle glycogen were studied in catfish (Ictalurus melas). 60U/k body weight of bovine insulin injected intraperitoneally, produced a significant lowering of blood glucose and liver glycogen, more evident 48 h after injection. An increase after hormone injection was also observed into white muscle glycogen. PMID- 7023506 TI - [Effect of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism in the catfish (Ictalurus melas). II) In vitro experiments]. AB - Isolated hepatocyte preparations were used to study the "in vitro" effects of insulin on catfish (Ictalurus melas) carbohydrate metabolism. Insulin decreases spontaneous glycogen lowering either in absence or in presence of glucose in the medium. In the same time insulin produces a little increase on the cell glucose level, but reduces the cell uptake of glucose from medium. The effect of insulin shows to be less evident on isolated hepatocytes than in the intact animals. PMID- 7023507 TI - [Mutagenicity of twelve imidazole derivatives with trichomonacide activity]. AB - The mutagenic action of twelve imidazole derivatives was investigated by Salmonella/microsome assay. All of them were mutagenic on TA 100 without metabolic activation. No direct relationship between antitrichomonad action in vitro and mutagenicity was established. As the compound XII showed much less mutagenic activity compared to the other imidazoles, we propose to perform more mutagenic studies on the chemical analogues of this drug. PMID- 7023508 TI - [A new model for the in vitro study of the entero-island of Langerhans axis]. AB - A new in vitro pancreas-intestine model which makes it possible to study the physiopathology of the intero-insular axis in greater depth, as it eliminates interference from other system, is proposed. The model, which is composed of the rat pancreas, duodenum and the first 25 cm of the small intestine, conserves both the circulation and the in vivo anatomical reltionship intact. Experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of a drug-induced disaccharidase-activity block on insulin secretion. The results obtained confirm the validity of the proposed model in investigating the entero-insular axis. PMID- 7023509 TI - [Effect of pretreatment with bacterial endotoxin on erythromycin estolate-induced cholestasis]. AB - The effect of acute and chronic endotoxin (LPS) treatment on the erythromycin estolate (EE) induced cholestasis, was studied using the isolated perfused rat liver. Addition of EE markedly reduced bile and perfusate flows in livers from control rats but did not alter these parameters in livers from endotoxin pretreated rats or in vitro treated with LPS. We suggest that changes in membrane organization induced by LPS may alter the diplay of EE toxicity. PMID- 7023510 TI - [Clinical trial of atenolol. Study of 20 hypertensive patients]. PMID- 7023511 TI - On the responses of the isolated rectum of West African land tortoise (Kinixys spp.) to drugs. PMID- 7023512 TI - [The function of the vestibular organ and its disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023513 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid absorption into lymphatic system in condition of increased intracranial pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023514 TI - Artificial undercuts for partial denture clasps. A technique using composite filling materials. PMID- 7023515 TI - Sir Thomas Lewis: his impact on American cardiology. PMID- 7023516 TI - Right ventricular performance in essential hypertension after beta-blockade. AB - Recent studies indicate that right ventricular performance is impaired even in uncomplicated systemic hypertension. Because of widespread use of beta-blockade in essentially hypertension, it is possible that such treatment often further depresses right ventricular contractility. To test this premise, and to evaluate the changes induced by different beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents on the contractility of right ventricular myocardium, 20 patients with essential hypertension were divided into two groups on a double-blind randomised basis, and maintained on oral oxprenolol or propranolol for five weeks. Cardiac catheterisation and right ventricular cineangiography were performed at the beginning and again at the end of the five week period. Right ventricular end diastolic volume index did not change significantly in either group. In contrast, right ventricular end-systolic volume index increased, and right ventricular ejection fraction significantly decreased after chronic beta-blockade. Cardiac index decreased in both groups, but these changes were not statistically significant. When the intergroup differences were compared for all measured indices none of the changes between the two groups was statistically significant. Despite its intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, oxprenolol therefore impairs right ventricular performance to an extent nearly equal to that of propranolol. Moreover, right ventricular contractility is clearly diminished after the institution of beta-blockade in hypertensive patients--an effect that has until now been thought to be limited to the left side of the heart. Great caution must therefore be exercised when beta-blockade is initiated in patients with severely abnormal right ventricular function, because frank right ventricular decompensation may result. PMID- 7023518 TI - Thomas Lewis (1881-1945) and cardiology in Europe. PMID- 7023517 TI - Role of calcium antagonists in cardiovascular therapy. AB - The development of drugs which selectively block the "slow" channels by which calcium enters the cell (calcium antagonists) has provided valuable information about the role of transmembrane calcium exchange in man and has offered new therapeutic approaches. The principal effect on the cardiovascular system is relaxation of vascular smooth muscle but some of these drugs also have electrophysiological effects, especially slowing of conduction in the atrioventricular node; verapamil is the agent of choice in supraventricular tachycardia. Significant myocardial depression does not usually occur with doses used clinically. The calcium antagonists have specific value in variant angina. By causing peripheral vasodilatation they are also effective hypotensive agents and do not cause reflex tachycardia in chronic use. Their value in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in the protection of ischaemic myocardium remains to be proven. PMID- 7023519 TI - Postoperative spinal analgesia with morphine. AB - Patients with pain after operation received morphine hydrochloride intrathecally in doses of 0.02 mg kg-1 (n = 30) and 0.2 mg kg-1 (n = 30). The high-dose group showed slightly longer-lasting and more potent analgesia than the low-dose group. Sedation, decreases in heart rate and systolic arterial pressure, oliguria, nausea and urinary retention were more frequent in the high-dose group. Two patients of the high-dose group showed evidence of respiratory depression which appeared after a late change in posture (7 and 11 h). We conclude that postoperative analgesia with intrathecal morphine 0.02 mg kg-1 must be followed by a prolonged head-up posture and be performed in hospital units where the treatment of respiratory depression is competent. PMID- 7023520 TI - Premedication of children with trimeprazine tartrate. AB - A double-blind trial was undertaken to compare the effects of trimeprazine tartrate (2 mg kg-1 or 4 mg kg-1) plus atropine 0.03 mg kg-1 for oral premedication of 192 children undergoing tonsillectomy. Demeanour before operation, side-effects after operation, recovery times and fluid balance were studied. Behaviour in the anaesthetic room and restlessness after operation were unaffected by the dose given. There was less vomiting associated with 4 mg kg-1 compared with 2 mg kg-1. Prolonged recovery times occurred frequently in the two groups, 14% in the small- and 17% in the large-dose groups taking more than 10 h to recover full mental faculties. Fluid balance was unaffected by the dose and prolonged recovery did not result in a reduction of urine output. Trimeprazine tartrate is not recommended for routine premedication when early recovery is required. PMID- 7023521 TI - Benzodiazepine dependence. PMID- 7023522 TI - Control of essential hypertension with captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. AB - 1 Captopril, an orally active angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, was compared with hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in the treatment of mild and moderate essential hypertension. 2 Twenty outpatients received no antihypertensive therapy for 2 weeks, after which they were given placebo for 8 weeks. Since their diastolic blood pressure remained above 100 mm Hg, they were then randomized to receive either captopril (twelve patients) or HCT (eight patients) for a 4-week titration period. If the supine diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) was normalized, (less than or equal to 90 mm Hg) by the end of titration period, the established regimen was continued for an 8-week maintenance period; if not, the alternate drug was added in increasing doses for up to 4 weeks and the combined therapy was maintained for the remaining 4 weeks. 3 After the first 4 weeks of therapy, both groups showed a statistically significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Normalization of SDBP occurred in 75% of patients treated with captopril alone, and the addition of HCT produced normalization in the remainder. HCT alone resulted in normalization of SDBP in 50% of patients and the blood pressure of the remaining patients was normalized after the addition of captopril. 4 Captopril given orally, either alone or in conjunction with HCT, is an effective agent for the control of mild and moderate essential hypertension. 5 In our series the main side effects encountered were vertigo and dizziness, transient eosinophilia, a rise of BUN and or/a rise of SGPT or SGOT. PMID- 7023523 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen and prognosis after radical surgery for lung cancer: immunocytochemical localization and serum levels. AB - Eighty-two per cent of tumour sections from 105 patients with lung cancer showed positive immunocytochemical localization of an anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) immunoglobulin free of antibody to normal cross-reacting antigen (NCA). The highest incidence was found in adenocarcinomas, and no association between staining and disease stage was found. There was a relationship between positive staining tumours and preoperative and postoperative serum CEA levels of greater than or equal to 20 ng/ml, but the high incidence of CEA+, less than 20 ng/ml serum patients indicated that immunocytochemical localization was of little value in selecting patients for sequential serum monitoring. Staining for CEA was not prognostic but a preoperative serum CEA levels greater than or equal to 20 ng/ml was associated with a poor prognosis in patients undergoing radical surgery for lung cancer (P = 0.043). this prognostic effect of CEA was seen mainly in patients whose tumours showed the greatest immunocytochemical localization (P = 0.017) and in Stage III patients (P = 0.04). PMID- 7023524 TI - ICRF 159-induced cell-cycle perturbation in vitro: its relationship to inhibition of colony-forming ability. AB - The effects of single doses of ICRF 159 (Razoxane) on the cell-cycle kinetics of lines of BKH 21S cells in vitro were studied by means of flow micro-fluorometry (FMF). A characteristic accumulation of cells in the 4n DNA region after 6 h in the presence of ICRF 159 was evident in cells which were sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of the agents, as judged by colony-forming assays. The subsequent accumulation of 8n cells as the major population within 24 h indicates that this 6 h effect is associated with the induction of tetraploidy through abnormal mitosis, rather than reflecting a G2 block of potential value in combination therapy. In ICRF 159-resistant sublines, the cell-cycle distributions were similarly affected, but only the doses of the drug high enough to reduce their surviving fraction. Somatic cell hybrids from crosses between sensitive and resistant cells demonstrated intermediate responses in ICRF 159, both in terms of cell-cycle kinetics and impairment of reproductive integrity. These data suggest a relationship between the 2 manifestations of the cellular action of ICRF 159, and also a possible predictive role for FMF in the assessment of response to this particular agent. PMID- 7023525 TI - Digital clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy: The underlying mechanisms. PMID- 7023526 TI - A controlled trial of six months chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis. First Report: results during chemotherapy. British Thoracic Association. AB - The results of six-month courses of chemotherapy with daily isoniazid and rifampicin, supplemented for the first two months by either streptomycin and pyrazinamide (EHRZ6 regimen), or by ethambutol and pyrazinamide (EHRZ6 regimen), in patients with culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis have been studied. These results have been compared with those of a nine-month regimen of daily isoniazid and rifampicin supplemented by ethambutol for the first two months (EHR9 regimen). All patients in the three regimens achieved negative cultures before the end of chemotherapy but the rate of sputum conversion was significantly more rapid with the two pyrazinamide-containing regimens. Of the 287 patients on the SHRZ6 and EHRZ6 regimens who completed chemotherapy, 77% had achieved negative cultures at two months and 98% at three months, compared with 64% and 88% respectively of the 157 patients on the EHR9 regimen. Adverse drug reactions were not a serious problem. Of the 234 patients who started treatment with the SHRZ6 and EHRZ6 regimens, 14 (4%) developed hepatitis; among the 177 patients in the EHR9 group (who did not receive pyrazinamide), the incidence of hepatitis was also 4%. Thus the addition of pyrazinamide to regimens containing rifampicin and isoniazid did not increase the incidence of hepatitis. However, the incidence of adverse effect other than hepatitis was increased in the pyrazinamide-containing regimens, the most common being skin rashes. These results indicate that six month regimens containing pyrazinamide do not produce undue toxicity and are worthy of further study. Their usefulness in routine clinical practice will not become clear until a further period of follow-up of patients in this study had established the incidence of subsequent relapse. PMID- 7023527 TI - The effect of sustained-release aminophylline on exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 7023528 TI - The effects of salbutamol aerosol on lung function in patients with pulmonary emphysema. AB - The effects of inhaling 400 micrograms of salbutamol were compared with identical placebo inhaler in a double blind cross-over study of 20 patients with radiological evidence of pulmonary emphysema. There was a small but significant rise in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), but there was a much greater increase in vital capacity (VC), which was accompanied by a reduction in residual volume. Symptomatic improvement after salbutamol was reported by 14 of the patients and VC increased significantly in this group; there was no significant increase in VC in patients who did not prefer the active inhaler. There was no consistent change in the FEV1/VC ratio after salbutamol administration and this ratio is misleading as an indicator of bronchodilator responsiveness in patients with emphysema. Salbutamol is thus a valuable addition to treatment in patients with pulmonary emphysema and the response to treatment is best judged by measuring the improvement in VC. PMID- 7023529 TI - Regular versus symptomatic aerosol bronchodilator treatment of asthma. AB - Regular treatment with salbutamol or placebo aerosols was compared in a double blind study in 18 asthma patients. Although symptom scores and respiratory function tests were not significantly different, wheezing attacks requiring additional puffs of a standard salbutamol aerosol were significantly more frequent during the period on placebo when patients were receiving symptomatic treatment only. Thus regular treatment with bronchodilator aerosols provides better control of asthma than symptomatic use alone. PMID- 7023530 TI - Determinants of erythrocyte ageing: a reappraisal. PMID- 7023531 TI - Deficiency of plasma prostacyclin or PGI2 regenerating ability in sickle cell anaemia. AB - We have demonstrated that patients with sickle cell disease greater than 2 years of age have a marked decrease in their plasma PGI2 or prostacyclin regenerating ability (0.05 +/- 0.08 ng/mg of vascular tissue) when compared to normal controls (0.44 +/- 0.12). This abnormality was not present in other chronic haemolytic states, and was not related to concomitant hyposplenism. Normal activity was observed in patients with sickle cell disease following a period of prophylactic red cell transfusions (0.32 +/- 0.13). Since vascular prostacyclin is antiaggregatory and antithrombotic, the deficiency in the prostacyclin regenerating ability of patients with sickle cell disease may play a pathogenic role in the development of the microvascular and thrombotic complications seen in this disorder. PMID- 7023532 TI - Decreased erythropoiesis: the origin of the BCG induced anaemia in mice. AB - Transient anaemia follows a high dose of viable BCG given intravenously to mice. The anaemia was dependent upon the dose, viability and the route of injection of the BCG. The evidence of an absolute anemia was based on red cell mass decrease. Serum iron concentration and red cell life span were unchanged in the first 14 d after BCG infection. The erythropoietin level increased 20-fold. Despite the high level of this hormone and the appearance of increased erythropoiesis in the spleen, the production of erythrocytes was decreased presumably because of a decrease in numbers of erythropoietin-responsive cells. PMID- 7023533 TI - Entry of malaria parasites into resealed ghosts of human and simian erythrocytes. AB - Whereas "white' ghosts, conventionally prepared by hypotonic lysis and washing are resistant to invasion by malaria parasites, cells lysed at high haematocrit and resealed without separating the membranes from the cytosol are invaded with high efficiency (not less than one-third the frequency of intact cells). Similar results were obtained with human and monkey cells, exposed respectively to Plasmodium falciparum and P. knowlesi. Microspectrophotometry of individual cells was used to ascertain the the susceptibility to invasion of lysed, resealed cells was not related to its haemoglobin content. PMID- 7023534 TI - The lower incisor bonded retainer in clinical practice: a three year study. PMID- 7023535 TI - Direct bonding with Lee Unique. PMID- 7023536 TI - Stereochemical outcome of processing of fluorinated substrates by ATP citrate lyase and malate synthase. PMID- 7023537 TI - Salt dependence of the kinetics of the lac repressor-operator interaction: role of nonoperator deoxyribonucleic acid in the association reaction. AB - The kinetics of binding of lac repressor protein and operator deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have been studied as a function of monovalent and divalent cation concentration. The salt dependence of the association and dissociation rate constants has been interpreted in light of recent theoretical analyses based on Manning's counterion condensation model. The bell-shaped dependence of the association rate constant on salt concentration evidences a role for nonoperator DNA binding in the repressor's search for the operator site on a large DNA molecule. At intermediate mono- or divalent cation concentrations, the association rate goes through a maximum. At lower cation concentrations, it decreases and becomes dependent on DNA concentration; the high affinity of repressor for nonoperator DNA confines the protein to the DNA. At higher cation concentrations, the association rate decreases and becomes dependent on the weak affinity of repressor for nonoperator DNA. The kinetic data are fit to the theory of Berg and Blomberg [Berg, O. G., & Blomberg, C. (1978) Biophys. Chem. 8, 271] for the salt dependence of association kinetics with coupled diffusion, using published values of the affinity for nonoperator DNA. From this fit, one dimensional diffusion of repressor along the DNA chain is estimated to be about 4 times faster on MgDNA than on NaDNA. At higher cation concentrations, the salt dependence of the association and dissociation rate constants is consistent with a preequilibrium mechanism for the association reaction [Lohman, T. M., deHaseth, P. L., & Record, M. T., Jr. (1978) Biophys. Chem. 8, 281]. Agreement between literature values (corrected for the presence of Mg2+) and experimental values of the rate constants in the presence of monovalent salt is quite good. PMID- 7023538 TI - Photoinactivation of the thiamine transport system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 4-azido-2-nitrobenzoylthiamine. AB - A newly synthesized photoreactive thiamine derivative, 4-azido-2 nitrobenzoylthiamine was found to be a competitive inhibitor of the thiamine transport system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, exhibiting an apparent Ki of 36 nM. When exposed to visible light, 4-azido-2-nitrobenzoylthiamine irreversibly inactivated the thiamine transport. 4-Azido-2-nitrobenzoylthiamine-dependent photoinactivation of thiamine transport was partially protected by thiamine, but not by the nitrene-trapping reagent p-aminobenzoate. On the other hand, the irradiation of the yeast cells in the presence of 4-azido-2-nitrobenzoylthiamine did not significantly lead to inactivation of the biotin transport system. The results suggest that 4-azido-2-nitrobenzoylthiamine is a specific irreversible inhibitor of the thiamine transport system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7023539 TI - Liver plasma membranes and proteoglycan prepared therefrom inhibit the growth of hepatoma cells in vitro. AB - 1. Plasma membranes from rat liver or kidney inhibited the growth of hepatoma (AH 130) cells in vitro. AH-130 plasma membranes or erythrocyte ghosts inhibited the growth of AH-130 cells less effectively. The inhibitory activity of liver plasma membranes was lost by heat treatment, or mild protease (papain or bromelin, but not trypsin or pronase) treatment, whereas it was retained after sialidase treatment of delipidation by ethanol/ether. 2. Proteoglycan (proteoheparan sulfate) prepared from liver plasma membranes inhibited the growth of AH-130 cells, but heparan sulfate was less active. The inhibitory activity of liver plasma membranes seemed, however, not to be ascribable solely to proteoheparan sulfate associated with plasma membranes. 3. Preliminary investigation suggested that the molecular weight 40 000 component may be a major inhibitory principle in liver plasma membranes. PMID- 7023540 TI - Synthesis and intramolecular crosslinking of chlorambucilyl (prolyl)n [3H]phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe (yeast), n = 0, 5, 11 and 15. AB - Rigid, variable-length oligoproline crosslinking reagents, which we call molecular rulers, are a potentially powerful tool for probing the solution structures of tRNA and other biological macromolecules. We wish to demonstrate the feasibility of molecular rulers on a well-studied model system, yeast phenylalanine tRNA, before applying them to less well understood structures. We have found chlorambucil (4-(4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl)-butanoic acid) to be suitable for use as an alkylating function attached to the imino end of oligo L-proline spacers which are peptide bonded at their carboxyl ends to the alpha amine of [3H]Phe-tRNAPhe (yeast). Chlorambucil and chlorambucilyl oligoprolines may be readily and sensitively assayed by their alkylation kinetics with aqueous pyridine as measured by optical absorbance of the product. The pyridine reaction seemed to be the first order in chlorambucil, k1 = (5.4 +/- 1.0) X 10(-3) min-1, zero order in pyridine, and was strongly inhibited by Me2SO. Filter assays of tRNA alkylation by chlorambucilyl [3H]prolyl proline suggested that this reaction is also first order in alkylation reagent, but somewhat dependent on tRNA concentration, and also strongly inhibited by Me2SO. Full alkylation activity was regained upon removal of Me2SO. Modification of [3H]Phe-tRNAPhe (yeast) with the N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of chlorambucilyl (prolyl)n was accomplished with yields of 100% for n = 0, 92% for n = 5, 94% for n = 11 and 44% for n = 15, in 80% Me2SO/CHCl3 at pH 9, 37 degrees C, conditions under which chlorambucil alkylation of tRNA is strongly inhibited. The rates of intramolecular crosslinking of chlorambucilyl (prolyl)n [3H]Phe-tRNAPhe (yeast) were measured assuming a first-order process, giving K1 = (5.3 +/- 0.2) X 10(-3) min-1 for n = 0, (3.2 +/- 0.4) X 10(-4) min-1 for n = 5, (6.8 +/- 0.8) X 10(-5) min-1 for n = 11 and (1.6 +/- 0.4) X 10(-4) min-1 for n = 15. Yields of intramolecularly crosslinked tRNA were 80% for n = 0 after 4 h in 10 mM NH4OAc (pH 6)/1 mM Mg(OAc)2 at 37 degrees C, 7% for n = 5, 3% for n = 11, and 5% for n = 15. PMID- 7023541 TI - Further characterization of recessive suppression in yeast. Isolation of the low temperature sensitive mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in the assembly of 60 S ribosomal subunit. AB - It has been shown that recessive suppressor mutations in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae may cause sensitivity towards low temperatures (very slow growth or lack of growth at 10 degrees C). One of the sup 1 low temperature sensitive (Lts ) mutants, 26-125A-P-2156, was studied in detail. After a prolonged period of incubation (70 h) under restrictive conditions the protein synthesis apparatus in the mutant cells was irreversibly damaged. In addition, Lts- cells incubated under restrictive conditions synthesize unequal amounts of ribosomal subunits, the level of 60 S subunit being reduced. It has been suggested that the recessive suppression is mediated by a mutation in the gene coding for 60 S subunit component, probably a ribosomal protein. The mutation leads simultaneously to a defect in the assembly of 60 S subunit and to low-temperature sensitive growth of the mutant. PMID- 7023542 TI - Properties of ribosomes centrifuged in metrizamide gradients. AB - The banding of ribonucleoproteins in metrizamide has been characterised using yeast ribosomes as a model system. Metrizamide does not dissociate ribosomes but it can facilitate the loss of loosely bound proteins. The buoyant density of fixed ribosomes in metrizamide gradients increases dramatically in the presence of low concentrations of Mg2+, whilst high Mg2+ concentrations give rise to multiple bands of higher density. These phenomena can be explained in terms of the binding of Mg2+ to high and low affinity sites as proposed for Escherichia coli ribosomes. PMID- 7023543 TI - NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. V. Multiple forms of the enzyme. AB - Two forms of NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (threo-DS-isocitrate: NADP+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating), EC 1.1.1.42) in Escherichia coli have been resolved by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis. Incubation of the enzyme with Mn2+ plus isocitrate prior to focusing resulted in the formation of an additional form of the enzyme, presumably the enzyme manganese-isocitrate complex. Glycerol, a cryoprotectant used to stabilize the enzyme during purification and storage, also stabilized in during focusing, but was not necessary during electrophoresis. Thin-layer gel filtration did not reveal any differences in molecular weight between the different species of isocitrate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7023544 TI - Purification and characterization of alkaline protease and neutral protease from chromatin of rats. AB - It was previously reported that, in addition to a known chymotrypsin-like protease capable of hydrolyzing histones with an optimum pH of 8 (neutral protease), another protease is bound to the chromatin of various rat tissues and in situ hydrolyzes casein more quickly than histones with an optimum pH of 10 (alkaline protease). In the present study, the alkaline protease was purified 14 000-fold to approx. 75% purity from the chromatin of Rhodamine sarcoma. This tumor contains both proteases at higher levels than normal tissues. For purification, affinity columns of Sepharose with bound soybean trypsin inhibitor, casein and histones were successively used. Also, the neutral protease was purified 920-fold to an apparently homogeneous state by affinity chromatography on a Sepharose column with bound soybean trypsin inhibitor under conditions, in which an excess amount of the enzyme was applied on the column so that part of the enzyme would pass through the column without adsorption and the enzyme thus adsorbed was then eluted. The purified alkaline and neutral proteases had molecular weights of approx. 18 000 and 27 000, respectively, and isoelectric points of approx. 11. The former enzyme hydrolyzed casein (100) in preference to histones (18) with an optimum pH of 9.5, whereas the latter enzyme preferred histones (100) to casein (32) with an optimum pH of 8. Their actions against other proteins and synthetic substrates were also studied. PMID- 7023545 TI - Effects of trypan blue on thyroid secretion. Inhibition of purified cathepsin D from bovine thyroid. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that trypan blue directly inhibits thyroid secretion when the dye is administered in vitro or in vivo. To further study the mechanisms of inhibition, cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5) (thyroidal acid proteinase) has been purified from bovine thyroid. Trypan blue inhibited the proteolysis of both 125I-labeled thyroglobulin and 125I-labeled hemoglobin in both crude lysosomal enzyme preparation and purified endopeptidase and the inhibition was competitive. Inhibition was also observed when the dye was allowed to prebind to either purified enzyme or purified substrate. Inhibition of cathepsin D is shown to account for part of the inhibition of thyroid secretion. PMID- 7023546 TI - Isolation, characterization and localization of a 45 000 molecular weight, soluble glycoprotein from the lung in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. AB - A carbohydrate-rich, water-soluble glycoprotein has been isolated in pure form from delipidated lung lavage fluid from a patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, in a three-step procedure involving ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The molecular weight of the glycoprotein was determined to be 45 900 by sedimentation equilibrium analysis in the analytical ultracentrifuge and 45 000 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, indicating a single polypeptide chain. Nearly half of the mass of the glycoprotein is comprised of carbohydrate that is contributed by 24 residues sialic acid, 23 residues N-acetylglucosamine, 6 residues N-acetylgalactosamine, 19 residues galactose, 4 residues mannose, 1 residue fucose and 1 residue glucose per mol. Unlike a number of collagen-related glycoproteins that have been isolated by others from insoluble lung contents in pulmonary proteinosis, the water-soluble glycoprotein described in the present report does not contain hydroxyproline or hydroxylysine and contains less than 10% of its amino acid residues as glycine. Using rabbit antibodies directed against our purest preparation of material and an immunoperoxidase staining procedure, the 45 000 molecular weight glycoprotein was localized to the thin film of fluid lining the surfaces of alveoli in normal human lungs. PMID- 7023547 TI - Influence of calcium binding on the thermal stability of 'thermitase', a serine protease from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. AB - 'Thermitase' (EC 3.4.21.14), a thermostable extracellular serine protease from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, binds one calcium ion with a dissociation constant of about 10-4M at 25 degrees C and pH 7.5 to 3.5. In addition, two calcium ions are bound more tightly to the enzyme, as shown by experiments with a calcium selective electrode. The single most weakly bound calcium ion causes a slight quenching of the protein fluorescence emission, accompanied by a stabilization against thermal denaturation or autolysis and an increase of esterolytic activity of approx. 10%. The tightly bound calcium ions have only a slight influence on activity or on thermal denaturation or autolytic degradation. The activation parameters of thermal denaturation indicate that 'thermitase' belongs to the class of thermostable enzymes with a high intrinsic stability. PMID- 7023548 TI - Influence of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the cytoplasmic factors modulating adenylate cyclase activity in rat lungs. AB - Basal adenylate cyclase activity in rat lung alveolar tissue particulate fraction was depressed during streptozotocin-induced diabetes. However, the activation of the particulate adenylate cyclase by the cytoplasmic factor(s) was markedly increased in lungs from the diabetic rats. The increased activation of basal adenylate cyclase in the diabetic tissue appeared to be due to an increase in the activity of the cytoplasmic factor(s) and not due to an increase in the sensitivity of the particulate enzyme to the cytoplasmic factor(s). Insulin treatment of the diabetic animals restored the activation of adenylate cyclase by the supernatant activator to the control values. The cytoplasmic factor(s) did not appear to be related to the ubiquitous calcium-dependent regulator protein, calmodulin. PMID- 7023549 TI - [Comparative study of properties of periplasmic and membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase of E. coli]. AB - The properties of three forms of periplasmic and one form of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase of E. coli were studied. A practically complete agreement between the conditions for optimal activity of these enzymes (pHopt 9.5 +/- 0.1), effect of ionic strength and temperature, and accordance between the substrate specificities (the enzymes decompose all types of phosphate-containing ether bonds) were observed. A similarity was shown between the kinetic parameters (Km = 3.9 x 10(-5) + 4.3 x 10(-5) M) for the reaction of p-nitrophenylphosphate decomposition), type and constants of inhibition (Ki) of these enzymes by phosphate-containing compounds as well as between the values of energy (E = 5.95 + 6.2 kcal/mole) for activation of decomposition of this substrate. A structural similarity of active sites of these enzymes was assumed. It was also suggested that the membrane-bound form of the enzyme is a precursor of the periplasmic one. PMID- 7023550 TI - [Intercellular serine proteinases from spore-forming bacilli]. AB - Some physico-chemical properties, immunological reactions, structural, functional and evolutionary features of intracellular serine proteinases from spore-forming bacilli were studied. These enzymes belong to an individual subfamily of serine proteinases and in terms of their structure and evolution are most closely related to secretory subtilisins. Intracellular serine proteinases are found in a wide variety of microorganisms--from the spore-forming bacilli to Escherichia coli and are characterized by a higher (as compared to secretory subtilisins) rate of evolution due to a more rigid selective control of the structure and function of intracellular enzymes. Active intracellular proteinases have a unique dimeric structure, which allows to exclude random proteolysis of native proteins in vivo. Secretory subtilisins and intracellular bacillary serine proteinases are coded by separate closely related structural genes, whose presence in the bacillary genome can be explained by duplication of the precursor gene. The existence of duplicated genes of serine proteinases provides sufficient evidence for the marked structural divergence and a high rate of evolution of secretory subtilisins. PMID- 7023551 TI - [Properties and role of tryptophan residues in the polypeptide chain of elongation factor G from E. coli]. AB - Using chemical modification and spectrofluorimetry, it was shown that two tryptophane residues of the elongation factor G (EF-G) in positions 51 and 71 from the N-terminus are located on the surface of the EF-G molecule. The tryptophane residue in position 71 is effectively shielded against modification at binding of EF-G guanyl nucleotides. Modification of these tryptophane residues does not result in a loss of the nucleotide-binding activity but completely inhibits EF-G binding to the ribosome. Polarized fluorescence study showed that the relaxation properties of these exposed tryptophane residues essentially depend both on the presence of the C-terminal domain and on binding of nucleotides in the nucleotide-binding site located in the N-terminal part of EF G. It was assumed that the C-terminal domain, the nucleotide-binding site and the site responsible for the EF-G binding to the ribosome are brought together in the three-dimensional structure of the elongation factor G. PMID- 7023552 TI - Temporal relationship between the abortifacient effects of GnRH antagonists and hormonal secretion. PMID- 7023553 TI - Melatonin effect on the hamster pituitary response to LHRH. PMID- 7023554 TI - Implants in dental and maxillofacial surgery. PMID- 7023555 TI - Biomaterials in peripheral vascular surgery. PMID- 7023556 TI - The body reaction to carbon fibre particles implanted into the medullary space of rabbits. AB - It is thought that abrasion particles can produce a tissue reaction when alloplastic material is used for prosthetic devices. Therefore it is important to examine the reaction of the tissues and the body to microparticles before introducing a new material. Carbon reinforced carbon is a new material which is suitable for artificial joints because of its physical properties (strength and elasticity). Carbon fibre fragments with a diameter of 7 microns and a length between 20-100 microns were injected in the medullary canal of 16 rabbits, and evaluated after periods of 2 and 12 weeks. Phagocytosis of small carbon fibre fragments by macrophages occurs, but only a minimal foreign body reaction to the intramedullary carbon fibre fragments. There is a small amount of fibrosis around some carbon fibres and a small amount of new bone formation with inclusion of carbon. Only a few carbon fragments are transported to the parenchymal organs. There is no foreign body reaction. PMID- 7023557 TI - Long-term function of NCGT vascular conduits in a multicenter trial: evaluation of physical chemical parameters. AB - Our experience with the NCGT graft has now encompassed 12 years in experimental animals and 4.5 years clinical experience with 134 grafts in man. It has previously been suggested that vessel wall structure, interface-charge, electric potential, and polarity of the blood intimal interface appear critical in the prevention of intravascular thrombosis in all vascular prosthetic bypass grafts. This concept has now been confirmed using ferritin, colloidal iron and fluorescamine intimal labelling. These provide a quantitative special characterization of the surface charges of several grafts, including the NCGT graft. Study indicates that each step in the production of the NCGT graft results in a cumulative increase in the structured negative charge of the vascular interface. The more dense the structured negative charge of the prosthesis, the more resistant is the graft to short and long-term thrombosis in experimental animals and man. The experience has been confirmed with a comparative analysis of implantation results in 105 patients up to 4.5 years with 65 to 70% patency rate over that time interval. Statistical analysis of parameters confirm again that the polarity and structure of the vascular interface is important in the effective function and patency rate of the grafts. PMID- 7023558 TI - The mechanism of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 7023559 TI - Cell behaviour and molecular mechanisms of cell-cell adhesion. PMID- 7023560 TI - Carcinogenic risk assessment: a guide to the literature. PMID- 7023561 TI - Renin responsiveness to furosemide in the homotransplanted kidney. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured after repetitive furosemide stimulations in 16 normotensive homotransplanted patients who previously had bilateral nephrectomies. The percentage PRA response to furosemide was very low (34%) in the immediate period after transplantation, but increased progressively with time to a level after one year (111%) which was not statistically different from age and sex matched control subjects. A significant correlation was found between the percentage PRA increase and the number of weeks after transplantation (r = 0.48, P less than 0.01). These data indicate that the juxtaglomerular cell responsiveness to furosemide is quantitatively time dependent after transplantation, and it is a factor that should be considered in the evaluation of renin-angiotensin system in such patients. PMID- 7023562 TI - Epi-illumination optical design for fluorescence polarization measurements in flow systems. AB - An epi-illumination design for fluorescence polarization measurements is introduced in flow cytometry with the optical axis orthogonally aligned to the cell stream. Various optical components and designs are discussed with respect to their influence on polarization measurements. Using the epi-configuration, paired measurements with the direction of polarization of the exciting light changed orthogonally are proposed for the compensation of system anisotropies and electronic mismatch. Large aperture corrections are employed for the excitation as well as for the emission pathway. Additional parameters such as fluorescence at 90 degrees, multiangle light scattering, and high precision cell-sizing by internally calibrated time of the flight measurements, as described previously, remain available with the design proposed here. Fluorescent latex microspheres, stained intracellular DNA, and algae have been used to test performance. PMID- 7023563 TI - Sensitivity of exponentially growing populations of Escherichia coli to photo induced psoralen-DNA interstrand crosslinks. AB - Experimental survival curves for Escherichia coli K 12 (CR 34) were determined after exposure to 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen and near ultraviolet light. The lethal action was shown to arise exclusively from interstrand crosslinks, cell vulnerability increasing markedly with the doubling time of the culture. To account for these results, two quite different models are considered. The first assumes that a cell survives as long as at least one copy of its genome remains undamaged; a variant of this permits repair by DNA strand exchange. The second model allows for a limited period of time during which DNA repair can take place. A crosslink in a stretch of DNA due to be replicated within this interval constitutes a fatal lesion. Theoretical survival curves are computed for bacterial populations with defined age distributions and chromosome configurations. While the first model completely fails to provide a satisfactory description of the experimental results, the second model does predict the presence of a shoulder in the survival curves and, in one of its forms, it seems to agree rather well with the measured data over a wide range of crosslink concentrations and doubling times. PMID- 7023564 TI - Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of the interaction between T5-phages and their receptor, isolated from Escherichia coli b, in the absence and presence of Triton X-100. AB - Particles with receptor activity for T5-phages were isolated from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli B. We describe the interaction of these particles with T5-phages as a two-step chemical reaction. The rate constants were estimated from the inactivation kinetics. The transition-state theory permits the calculation of the entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy of activation. In the absence of Triton X-100, the reaction can be described with one set of thermodynamic constants for the temperature range from 10 degrees to 40 degrees C. The addition of Triton, which results in the splitting of receptor particles and in the building of mixed micelles, causes a complicated dependence on temperature. In this case, a subdividing of the temperature range measured into two parts yields two sets of thermodynamic constants that permit a good description of experimental kinetics. PMID- 7023565 TI - n-Mer binding on a one-dimensional lattice of two-state m-site m-site cells: heavy meromyosin on regulated actin as an example. PMID- 7023566 TI - Investigation of the flexibility of DNA using transient electric birefringence. PMID- 7023567 TI - Evolution of photosynthetic reaction centers. AB - The common ancestor of all photosynthetic prokaryotes and organelles contained chlorophyll (Chl) a. All green and purple photosynthetic bacteria descended from a common bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) a-containing ancestor which diverged from the Chl a line. Separate PS-I and PS-II reaction centers may have evolved before the appearance of Bchl a. When the transition to Bchl a occurred, the resultant organism contained two types of reaction center, "PS-I" and "PS-II." One line of development eliminated "PS-II" and evolved into the green bacteria. The other line eliminated "PS-I" and became the purple bacteria. In the Chl a-containing organisms the evolution of PS-II continued until oxygen evolution was achieved. PMID- 7023568 TI - [Immunobiologic study of the role of heterogenetic antigens of uropathogenic strains of E. coli]. AB - Analysis of 140 strains of E. coli isolated from patients with pyelonephritis has demonstrated heterogeneous antigens (in 44.3% of cases) related to ABO antigens against human red blood cells. 0(H)-like antigen occurred most frequently. The data obtained suggest that the presence of heterogeneous antigens in E. coli is associated with the formation of a latent subclinical form of pyelonephritis and with the decrease titers of antibacterial antibodies in patients. PMID- 7023569 TI - Granulopoietic differentiation in AML blasts in culture. AB - A newly described monoclonal antibody detected an antigen (My-1) that is expressed on the cell surface during normal granulopoietic differentiation. The kinetics of expression of My-1 and NASD chloracetate esterase were studied during the formation in culture of blast colonies and normal granulopoietic colonies. My 1-positive cells increased during blast colony formation in 6 of 9 experiments, while NASD esterase-positive cells decreased. In contrast, in normal granulopoiesis in culture both markers increased coherently. We suggest that components of granulopoietic differentiation programs are expressed abnormally during blast colony formation in culture. PMID- 7023570 TI - The effect of PGI2 and theophylline on the response of platelets subjected to shear stress. AB - A specially designed rotational viscometer was used to investigate the effects of the antiplatelet agent PGI2 in combination with theophylline on the response of human platelets subjected to shear stress. Samples of citrated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were exposed to shear stress in the viscometer for a period of 5 min at 23 degrees C. The levels of stress studied ranged from 50 to 300 dynes/sq cm. Pretreatment of the platelets with 0.01 microM PGI2 and 500 microM theophylline before exposure to shear stress caused a large reduction in shear-induced platelet aggregation. However, it was also observed that the PGI2--theophylline pretreatment concomitantly caused a large increase in shear-induced platelet lysis and serotonin release at stress levels equal to or greater than 150 dynes/sq cm. This observed increase in platelet fragility may have important implications for clinical applications of PGI2. The results are discussed and compared to those obtained in prior work in which platelets were pretreated with acetylsalicylic acid or with PGE1. PMID- 7023571 TI - An autoantibody reactive with nuclei of polymorphonuclear neutrophils: a cell differentiation marker. AB - An autoantibody that reacted with nuclei of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) was detected at titers of greater than 10 in sera of 25 of 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 36 of 50 with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis but in none of 160 controls comprising 24 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 36 with multiple myeloma, and 100 healthy subjects. Through the use of enriched populations of hemopoietic cells, this antibody was shown to be cell-specific, reacting only with the nucleus of the mature neutrophil. It was unreactive with nuclei of progenitor cells in the myeloid series and with nuclei of eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and thymocytes. It reacted with a determinant that appeared to be a differentiation antigen. This cell-specific autoantibody may prove to be of value in analytical studies of granulocyte maturation. PMID- 7023572 TI - Histochemical demonstration of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in leukemia. AB - White blood cells from 22 patients with leukemia and lymphoma were studied for the presence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase with a peroxidase antiperoxidase method. The enzyme was detected in leukemic cells of 5 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 1 patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia, whereas 16 patients with different forms of leukemia or lymphoma were negative for this enzyme. Comparative studies using a biochemical and an indirect immunofluorescence assay revealed complete concordance between these three methods. PMID- 7023573 TI - [Induction of androgen-dependent esteroproteases (trypsin-like and chymotrypsin like) by tri-iodothyronine in the submandibular glands of female mice and mice with testicular feminization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023575 TI - Review of procedures used in the practice of allergy. Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. American Academy of Allergy. PMID- 7023574 TI - [The immunologic activities of dental plaque. (11). On the activities of lipopolysaccharides from the plaque anaerobic microbiota cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023576 TI - Diagnostic methods to demonstrate igE antibodies: skin testing techniques. PMID- 7023577 TI - Allergenic extracts. PMID- 7023578 TI - Food allergy: a clinical approach. PMID- 7023579 TI - Challenge procedures in occupational asthma. PMID- 7023581 TI - American letter: double-standard treatment. PMID- 7023580 TI - Lymphoma and leukaemia due to drugs. PMID- 7023582 TI - The effect of prostacyclin on experimental random pattern flaps in the rat. AB - In a controlled experimental study of the survival of random pattern flaps in rats it has been found that pre-treatment with prostacyclin prior to raising the skin flaps did not improve flap survival. However, if treatment was begun at the commencement of the operation and continued afterwards, there was a significant improvement in flap survival compared with the viability predicted by intravital dye injection. Possible explanations of these findings are discussed and the suggestion put forward that in addition to reducing platelet adherence and vasoconstriction PGI2 may also stimulate the formation of new capillaries in ischaemic areas. This hypothesis requires further investigation. PMID- 7023583 TI - The effects of Diapulse on the healing of wounds: a double-blind randomised controlled trial in man. PMID- 7023584 TI - Ectropion of all four eyelids associated with severe ichthyosis congenita: a case report. AB - Ichthyosis congenita associated with severe ectropion of all four eyelids is an extremely uncommon condition and has not previously been reported in a Chinese patient. Our experience of one case shows that a conservative regime of treatment designed to produce a humidified atmosphere combined with the application of local emulsifying agents can help improve the severity of the ectropion. Although these effects tend to be temporary this regime allows surgery to be postponed until the child is older and suitable non-scaly patches of skin can be clearly identified to serve as skin graft donor sites. In this case, full-thickness grafts from each groin were successful. Recurrence of the ectropion required a repetition of the skin grafting 18 months later. PMID- 7023585 TI - A versatile method for the release of burn scar contractures. PMID- 7023586 TI - Fenestration and delayed skin grafting for the cover of the exposed inner table of the skull. PMID- 7023587 TI - The effects of prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha, prostacyclin, flurbiprofen and aspirin on arrhythmias resulting from coronary artery ligation in anaesthetized rats. AB - 1 Various prostaglandins and inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis were administered prior to acute coronary artery ligation in anaesthetized rats and their effects were assessed on the number and severity of the resulting early arrhythmias (ventricular ectopic activity; incidence and duration of ventricular tachycardia and of ventricular fibrillation). 2 Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), PGF2 alpha and prostacyclin all showed antiarrhythmic activity; in contrast flurbiprofen increased the incidence of ventricular fibrillation and mortality. 3 Both the number of ventricular ectopic beats and the incidence of ventricular fibrillation were reduced by aspirin. 4 The results suggest that the release of endogenous PGE2, PGF2 alpha and prostacyclin could reduce early post-infarction ventricular arrhythmias whilst the protective effect of aspirin in this model adds further support for the hypothesis that thromboxane release is involved in the genesis of these arrhythmias. PMID- 7023588 TI - Psychiatric aspects of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7023589 TI - Reality orientation and dementia: a controlled trial of two approaches. AB - Classroom Reality Orientation was investigated with a sample of dements drawn from a psychogeriatric hospital and an old people's home. Treatment effects were examined on a range of cognitive and behavioural measures, and compared with the effects of a specific behaviourally directed orientation training in the ward. Class RO improved cognitive functioning but not behaviour, irrespective of degree of dementia. Highly significant behavioural change was demonstrated for ward behaviour orientation training and this technique is not only cheaper but has potential in managing dements. PMID- 7023590 TI - Great books in psychiatry. PMID- 7023591 TI - Phenothiazine withdrawal in schizophrenics in a hostel. PMID- 7023592 TI - Physostigmine and arecoline: effects of intravenous infusions in Alzheimer presenile dementia. AB - Physostigmine (0.25 mg-1 mg), arecoline (2 and 4 mg) and saline were administered intravenously over 30 minutes in a randomized double blind design to 11 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer presenile dementia. Significant improvement was seen on a picture recognition test with physostigmine 0.375 mg and arecholine 4 mg. A trend towards improvement was also seen with physostigmine 0.25 mg and 0.75 mg, and arecholine 2 mg. For the majority of the patients improvement was only slight but in two patients it was clear cut and consistent. PMID- 7023593 TI - Psychotherapy with depressed outpatients: patient and process variables as predictors of outcome. AB - This paper evaluates the predictive power of two classes of variables which are thought to be related to psychotherapy outcome: patient characteristics assessed at the start of treatment, and process characteristics of the psychotherapy. The treatment was Short Term Interpersonal Psychotherapy which was performed with ambulatory patients during a major depressive episode as defined by Research Diagnostic Criteria. Univariate correlations indicate that patients with generally healthier functioning on the Prognostic Index received better ratings on measures of psychotherapy process and experienced greater improvement in depressive symptoms and social functioning. However, in a multiple regression analysis, patient characteristics accounted for 64 per cent of the variance in treatment outcome, while psychotherapy process variables were not predictive of outcome. PMID- 7023594 TI - A nutritional study of Irish athletes. PMID- 7023595 TI - Run, Pheidippides, Run! The story of the Battle of Marathon. PMID- 7023596 TI - Ventilatory capacity after three methods of anaesthesia for inguinal hernia repair: a randomized controlled trial. AB - One hundred consecutive male patients undergoing elective inguinal herniorrhaphy were randomized to receive general, epidural or local anaesthesia, and the patterns of ventilation were studied before and after operation. General anaesthesia caused more depression of FEV1 and FVC than the other two methods, but no important arterial hypoxia or clinical chest complications ensued. One patients suffered minor staphylococcal wound infection, and one died of massive pulmonary embolism on the eleventh day. PMID- 7023597 TI - A randomized trial to assess childhood circumcision with the Plastibell device compared to a conventional dissection technique. AB - A randomized trial of routine circumcision in children using the Plastibell device is described and compared to a dissection suturing technique. One hundred children were studied with a mean age of 4.7 years. The device was applicable to all boys up to the age of 8, and a few older. General discomfort was carefully assessed and slightly less common after plastibell circumcision, but dysuria more so. No serious complication was encountered with either method; infection was slightly more common after the conventional procedure. Cosmetic results were similar for both methods. It is concluded that the Plastibell device is a satisfactory method for circumcising children of this age. PMID- 7023598 TI - Smoking and vascular surgery. PMID- 7023599 TI - Delayed primary wound closure in gangrenous and perforated appendicitis. AB - A prospective randomized trial was performed on 122 patients with perforated or gangrenous appendicitis to determine whether delayed primary wound closure lowered morbidity from wound infection. The 54 per cent wound infection rate with delayed primary closure was significantly inferior to the 18 per cent infection rate for primary closure with topical ampicillin powder (P = 0.0082), but not significantly different from the 37 per cent infection rate for primary closure alone. Furthermore, patients disliked delayed primary closure, their hospital stay was prolonged and 17 per cent of their wounds became contaminated with Staphylococci before being closed. Delayed primary wound closure should not be used in treating perforated and gangrenous appendicitis wounds. PMID- 7023600 TI - Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction in complement-depleted rabbits. Histological and immunofluorescence studies of early cutaneous lesions. AB - The possible role of complement in the pathogenesis of the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction was assessed in cutaneous syphilitic lesions in two groups of rabbits treated with penicillin; in one group complement was depleted before penicillin therapy. Serial biopsy specimens were similar histologically in both groups. The activation of the complement pathways did not seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of early cutaneous syphilitic lesions in rabbits during the Jarisch Herxheimer reaction. PMID- 7023601 TI - Diagnosis of neurosyphilis by examination of the cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Thirty-six patients with reactive results in the cerebrospinal fluid to the Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (CSF-TPHA) were investigated by further serological tests for confirmation of active neurosyphilis. The results of the TPHA and fluorescent treponemal antibody tests were reactive in all CSF samples from patients with acute untreated neurosyphilis and from most patients with late latent syphilis but no signs of involvement of the central nervous system. The demonstration of 19S-IgM antibodies against Treponema pallidum in the CSF was a better indication of activity of the disease than the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test. Ten of 11 patients with untreated acute neurosyphilis had reactive results in the solid-phase haemadsorption test for CSF-IgM (CSF-IgM SPHA test). The TPHA index, which relates the CSF-TPHA titre to the albumin quotient and thus excludes errors from disturbed function of the blood-brain barrier, was above 100 in all but one of the patients with acute neurosyphilis but below 100 after treatment. Patients with late latent syphilis and without CNS signs had TPHA indices below 5. Thus a nonreactive CSF-TPHA test result excludes neurosyphilis but reactive CSF-IgM-SPHA results and TPHA indices above 100 strongly indicative active disease. PMID- 7023602 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins in neurosyphilis. AB - Using the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) test and the solid phase haemadsorption assay (SPHA) Treponema pallidum-specific IgA was found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with neurosyphilis but not in those with late latent syphilis. The presence of T pallidum-specific IgA in the CSF may inhibit the antitreponemal activity of IgG and thus play some part in the pathogenesis of neurosyphilis. PMID- 7023603 TI - Rapid identification of pathogenic species of Neisseria by carbohydrate degradation tests. Importance of glucose in media used for preparation of inocula. AB - Pathogenic species of Neisseria were identified more readily by carbohydrate degradation tests when 0.5% glucose was used in media from which inocula for the test were obtained. This improved the performance of both non-growth and growth dependent methods for these tests. One of the three techniques used a non nutrient buffered salt solution and depended on the presence of preformed enzymes. This test was more accurate and rapid than the two growth-dependent techniques. PMID- 7023604 TI - The familial occurrence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Alzheimer's disease. AB - We have analysed the familial occurrence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in 27 families selected from a total of 73 families. Fifteen per cent of all cases of CJD have a family history of disease consistent with autosomal dominant transmission. The onset of disease in familial cases is significantly earlier than in sporadic cases. A maternal effect was not found, nor was there evidence for prenatal vertical transmission of the virus. Temporal and spatial separations between affected members demonstrates that incubation periods ranging at least from one to four decades are to be expected. Affected siblings tend to die at the same age, and not at the same time, which is consistent with some form of vertical transmission (either prenatal or early postnatal), assuming rather uniform incubation periods. CJD occurred in four families in members related by marriage, evidence in favour of horizontal or common source transmission in occasional cases. The familial occurrence of CJD and Alzheimer's disease (AD) were compared using data on 52 families with AD. The age at death and duration of disease in familial AD is greater than in familial CJD. Familial AD also occurs in a pattern of autosomal dominant transmission, without maternal effect. There were four families with AD in which one or more members died from CJD. There were an additional 17 families with AD in which one or more members presented with clinical features resembling CJD. Although virus causing an experimental spongiform encephalopathy was isolated from the brain of two cases of familial AD, most cases of sporadic and familial AD tested failed to cause disease when brain tissue was inoculated into nonhuman primates. The precise mechanism of spread of the virus in familial CJD remains unknown. The results of the present study are consistent with the hypothesis of a genetically inherited susceptibility to infection which is acquired in early infancy or childhood. Other proposed mechanisms such as prenatal vertical transmission or a common environmental source of infection seem less likely. PMID- 7023605 TI - HRP localization of the hypoglossal nucleus in a lizard. PMID- 7023606 TI - Motoneurons that control vocalization in a reptile: an HRP histochemical study. PMID- 7023607 TI - Ontogeny of the vasopressinergic neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and their extrahypothalamic projections in the rat brain--presence of a sex difference in the lateral septum. AB - Immunocytochemical studies have revealed the presence of extensive vasopressinergic projections from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the limbic system and other brain areas. Vibratome sections and the unlabeled antibody enzyme method were used to investigate the ontogeny of the vasopressinergic neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and their exohypothalamic fibers in the rat brain. The first immunopositive neurons of this nucleus were revealed on the 2nd postnatal day. An adult appearance of the suprachiasmatic nucleus was detected on day 14. Although fibers appeared on the periventricular nucleus already on the 7th postnatal day, such fibers were visible in the lateral septum and lateral habenular nucleus only on day 10. From the 12th postnatal day onwards a marked sex difference developed with respect to the density of the vasopressin fibers in the lateral septum and, to a lesser extent, in the lateral habenular nucleus. In male rats the fiber density was higher in both areas. This sex difference persisted in adulthood. PMID- 7023608 TI - Long-term survival of glial segments during nerve regeneration in the leech. AB - Nerve injury that severs axons also disrupts ensheathing glial cells. Specifically, crushing or cutting the leech nerve cord separates the glial cell's nucleated portion from an anucleate recording, by intracellular injection of Lucifer Yellow dye and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as tracers, and by electron microscopy. The nucleated portion of the glial cell did not divide, degenerate, or grow appreciably. The severed glial stump remained isolated from the nucleated portion but maintained its resting potential and normal morphology for months. Stumps typically began to deteriorate after 3 months. Small macrophage-like cells, or 'microglia' increased in number after injury and ensheathed axons, thus partially replacing the atrophying glial stump. Some axons in the nerve cord degenerated; the remainder appeared morphologically and physiologically normal. Thus, both nucleated and anucleate glial segments persisted throughout the one to two months required for axons to regenerate functional connections. Glial cells in the leech are therefore available to guide physically the growing axons or to contribute in other ways to nerve regeneration. PMID- 7023609 TI - Immunocytochemical localization and developmental profile of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and non-neuronal enolase (NNE) in aggregating cell cultures of fetal rat brain. AB - In aggregating cultures, neuron specific enolase (NSE) was first detected biochemically at 3 days. NSE levels increased with time in aggregate cultures and at 48 days reached a level which was 33% of that found in adult rat brain in vivo. The level of non-neuronal enolase (NNE) was essentially identical in aggregate cultures and normal rat brain. Immunocytochemically, NSE(+) cells first appeared at 10 days in vitro. Their number increased until 20 days in culture and then remained constant. When the immunocytochemical localization of NSE and NNE was compared in vibratome sections of 25 day aggregates, all identifiable neurons were NSE(+), NNE(-) and glial cells were NSE(-), NNE(+). In 1 micron thick epon sections of 30 day aggregates NSE antiserum stained neuronal cytoplasm intensely. Comparison of NSE staining in 1 micron thick epon sections with the same cell in an adjacently cut thin section provided conclusive evidence that NSE(+) cells were neurons and NSE(-) cells were glia. These results demonstrate that the three dimensional organization of aggregate cells provides an excellent environment for neuronal differentiation and also emphasize the advantages of this culture system for multidisciplinary studies of brain development. PMID- 7023610 TI - LHRH systems in brain of platyfish. AB - The luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) system of the platyfish Xiphophorus has been studied using immunohistochemistry and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Three different populations of LHRH-positive cell bodies are present in the brain, one in the ventral telencephalon at the border to the olfactory bulb (nucleus of olfactoretinalis), one lateral to the n. preopticus (nucleus preopticus basalis lateralis) and one in the midbrain. LHRH neurons from the nucleus olfactoretinalis project via the medial olfactory tract to the olfactory bulb and to olfactory nerves. A second projection from this nucleus enters the optic tract, crosses in the optic chiasm, and courses rostrally in the outer layer of the optic nerve to the retina, where LHRH positive nerve fibers terminate near amacrine and bipolar cells. HRP injections into the eye or into the cut optic nerve result in retrograde transport of the enzyme to the contralateral LHRH nucleus olfactoretinalis. Projections from LHRH neurons in the lateral preoptic region can be followed medially to surround the interhemispheric ventricle and laterally to border the optic tract. At the level of the postoptic commissure, LHRH fibers condense to form a fascicle which reaches the pituitary stalk to arborize throughout the hypophysis. LHRH fibers, probably in part from the midbrain LHRH neurons, project to the optic tectum, torus semicircularis, corpus and valvula of the cerebellum, as well as to the medulla oblongata. Associations of LHRH projections with sensory systems and with endocrine-autonomic systems in hypothalamus-pituitary and lower brain stem suggest a role in the modulation and integration of sensory, autonomic, behavioral and hypophyseotrophic functions. PMID- 7023611 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of the D2-protein in rat retina. AB - The localization of the D2-protein in rat retina was investigated by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis and by immunoperoxidase staining on both the light microscopic and the electron microscopic level. The D2-protein was enriched 1.4 times in retina compared to whole brain and its was located to most presynaptic and some postsynaptic membranes in the inner an outer plexiform layers. Moreover, the D2-protein was located on the cell membrane confining the ciliary neck region connecting the inner and the outer segments of photoreceptor cells. Thus, on the electron microscopic level, the D2-protein is not restricted to the presynaptic membrane, but it is also found in other parts of the neuronal surface membrane. PMID- 7023612 TI - Identification of the pituicytes as astroglial cells by indirect immunofluorescence-staining for the glial fibrillary acidic protein. AB - Glia cells of rat neural lobes (pituicytes) were stained in thin sections (6 micrometers) by the indirect immunofluorescence technique for the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA), the S-100 protein and fibronectin. The positive strong GFA-staining of the pituicytes demonstrates their astroglial character. Fibronectin was located along the blood capillaries. After six days of implantation of the neural lobes under the kidney capsule of an acceptor rat, the stained fibronectin was augmented and present in a fibrillar network scattered over the tissue; the GFA-staining remained positive, however. The astroglial character of pituicytes was apparently retained in the implantation conditions, whereas neurosecretory axons had already disappeared. No S-100 protein could be unambiguously detected in the glia cells with the antibody employed. PMID- 7023613 TI - Neural mechanisms for the functional coupling of autonomic, endocrine and somatomotor responses in adaptive behavior. PMID- 7023614 TI - Neurobiology of primate audio-vocal behavior. PMID- 7023615 TI - Efferent connections of the ventral medulla oblongata in the rat. PMID- 7023616 TI - Characterization of a putative nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in mammalian brain. PMID- 7023617 TI - A method for stereotaxic implantation in neonatal rats. AB - Presented are methods of implanting chronically indwelling electrodes or cannulas into brain infant rats. Anesthesized pups are restrained in a flexible alginate mold that is place in the stereotaxic instrument. Details of electrode implant are given. We routinely use these methods to accurately place electrodes into subcortical structures of 3- to 15-day-old pups with less than 2% loss of the implant. PMID- 7023619 TI - [Establishment of the medical school of comenius university in bratislava. 6. The debate in Parliament]. PMID- 7023618 TI - The fetal development of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neuronal systems of the guinea pig brain. AB - We have studied the distribution of LHRH-like immunoreactive material in fetal guinea pig brains beginning at day 25 of gestation. Cells and processes were first detected throughout the peripheral, intracranial and central course of the nervus terminalis at 28 (but not 25) days of gestation. The localization of LHRH in this structure preceded its appearance in the hypothalamus and coincided with the initial detection of immunoreactive LH in the pituitary gland. The possible role of the LHRH neuronal network within the nervus terminals in the development of reproductive function is discussed. Comparisons between the brains of littermates of both sexes were made at each age (days 28 through 60 of gestation) to determine possible differences between the sexes in the development of the LHRH neurosecretory systems. No sexually dimorphic features were evident in these systems throughout the prenatal period except at days 40 and 45. At these ages, differences in the number of LHRH neurons in the arcuate nucleus were found between the sexes in some but not all of the brains examined. These differences in LHRH concentrations may reflect the onset of testicular activity as indicated by an increase in serum testosterone levels. Increased serum testosterone concentrations were observed in the male fetuses beginning at 45 days of gestation. However, cell counts made within this nucleus from days 40 through 60 of gestation indicated no comparable sexual dimorphism in the total neuronal population which appeared to be relatively stable throughout this period of brain growth. The number of immunoreactive LHRH neurons visible throughout the brain increased from days 30 through 45 and fewer LHRH cells were seen on days 50 and 60 of gestation, particularly in the arcuate nucleus. The apparent decrease in visible LHRH neurons was concomitant with an increase in number and more extensive distribution of immunoreactive processes throughout the hypothalamus and in certain extrahypothalamic areas of the brain. PMID- 7023620 TI - [Commemoration of the bicentennial of Laennec's birth 1781-1826]. PMID- 7023621 TI - [Address by the President of France at the National Academy of Medicine on the occasion of the celebration of the bicentennial of Laennec's birth]. PMID- 7023622 TI - [Address of the President of the National Academy of Medicine on the occasion of the celebration of the bicentennial of Laennec's birth before the President of France]. PMID- 7023623 TI - [French medicine from 1790 to 1850]. PMID- 7023624 TI - [Laennec and respiratory pathology]. PMID- 7023625 TI - [Cardiological work of Laennec]. PMID- 7023626 TI - [Future of the anatomo-clinical method]. PMID- 7023627 TI - [The multiple facets of Rene Theophile Laennec (1781-1826)]. PMID- 7023628 TI - Studies on the possibilities of n-nitrosamine synthesis in milk with the contribution of an escherichia coli strain. PMID- 7023629 TI - Fluoride content of surface enamel of Eskimo (Inuit) teeth. PMID- 7023630 TI - Choice of toothbrushes by patients: a pilot study. PMID- 7023631 TI - Gingival ulceration due to improper toothbrushing. PMID- 7023632 TI - Symposium on the management of early breast cancer (stages I and II). Part II: Clinical experience with treatment methods. 1. Introduction: a practical philosophy. PMID- 7023633 TI - Symposium on the management of early breast cancer (stages I and II). Part II: Clinical experience with treatment methods. 4. Adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy. AB - The data on adjuvant chemotherapy for mammary carcinoma obtained from animal models suggest that (a) systemic chemotherapy combined with tumour excision provides more long-term cures than either method alone, (b) systemic treatment may be effective in eradicating occult micrometastases and (c) the effect of systemic chemotherapy decreases with advancing tumour stage preoperatively, with increasing time lag between operation and chemotherapy, and as the drug dosage decreases. Results from major clinical trials in terms of disease-free and overall survival differ with varying regimens in different subsets of patients, in relation to age, menopausal status and degree of pathologic axillary node involvement. Clearly, different regimens have a favourable impact on short-term disease-free survival, primarily but not exclusively in premenopausal patients. Long-term effects of such treatments on survival and late toxicity require careful continuing evaluation. The current delay in most cooperative group trials of several weeks between operation and adjuvant chemotherapy is disadvantageous. A prospective evaluation should be carried out of chemotherapy begun immediately after operation. PMID- 7023634 TI - Symposium on the management of early breast cancer (stages I and II). Part II: Clinical experience with treatment methods. 5. Adjuvant endocrine therapy. AB - A number of trials of adjuvant therapy, including endocrine therapy, for primary breast cancer are in progress. There is an urgent need for increased international cooperation in study design, for defining stratification parameters and coordinating treatment strategy in future adjuvant trials of operable breast cancer. In this way the results of treatment in the different trials will be comparable. On the basis of encouraging clinical and experimental data, adjuvant endocrine therapy is expected to play a major role in the effort to improve the prognosis of primary breast cancer. PMID- 7023635 TI - Symposium on the management of early breast cancer (stages I and II). Part II. Clinical experience with treatment methods. 6. Panel discussion. PMID- 7023636 TI - Appendicitis: a historical review. AB - The author traces the history of appendicitis through the successive stages of its evolution--from the early anatomic descriptions of the appendix by Leonardo da Vinci and Vesalius to Louyer-Villermay's recognition of the fatal course that appendiceal inflammation may take; through the confusion of typhlitis and perityphlitis, until Reginald Fitz at the end of the last century classified its pathology and the disease appendicitis was born. The author has described the efforts of the early surgeons as they grew to understand the symptomatology of appendicitis and to realize that only by early operation could the tragic outcome of delay be averted. Credit is given to those whose contributions have advanced the frontiers of surgery-- Lawson Tait was the first to diagnose and remove a diseased appendix in 1880 in England and Abraham Groves the first on the North American continent, in 1883, in Ontario. Within a decade, the early surgical treatment of appendicitis became established. The writings of men like Charles McBurney and John B. Murphy are shown to be as pertinent today as they were at the turn of the century. PMID- 7023637 TI - Alcohol and abnormal outcomes of pregnancy. AB - Heavy alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy has long been suspected of being a risk factor for abnormalities in the fetus or infant. Only during the last decade have these assumptions been supported by scientific studies. A clustering of fetal defects observed in some cases has been labelled the fetal alcohol syndrome. The syndrome involves prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, central nervous system involvement and craniofacial abnormalities, some of which are characteristic of the syndrome. Fetal alcohol syndrome is relatively rare, affecting from 1 in 300 to 1 in 2000 infants; approximately 450 cases have been reported since the syndrome was identified. Despite this rarity, however, heavy alcohol consumption is an important risk factor during pregnancy. A review of the current literature indicates that in animals alcohol in high doses is embryotoxic and teratogenic, the heavy drinking is not uncommon before and during pregnancy and that the fetal alcohol syndrome and other effects on the fetus associated with alcohol abuse appear with significant frequency among mothers who drink heavily. Heavy alcohol consumption is a perinatal risk factor that not only can be detected by the physician, but also can be reduced in concerned, cooperative patients. Thus, awareness of this problem gives health care personnel an opportunity to help in the prevention of abnormal outcomes of pregnancy. PMID- 7023638 TI - Effects of alcohol on the fetus: impact and prevention. AB - In the spectrum of adverse effects on the fetus or infant associated with maternal drinking during pregnancy the most dramatic is the fetal alcohol syndrome, a pattern of malformation that has been associated with maternal alcohol abuse. Other undesirable outcomes of pregnancy linked to alcohol exposure in utero include growth deficiency, major and minor anomalies, decrements in mental and motor performance, and fetal and perinatal wastage. Alcohol, like other teratogens, does not uniformly affect all those exposed to it. Rather, there seems to be a continuum of effects of alcohol on the fetus with increasingly severe outcomes generally associated with higher intakes of alcohol by the mother. The cost of fetal damage associated with alcohol exposure is very high. A program to decrease the incidence of fetal alcohol effects is therefore imperative. The cornerstone of such a program must be not only education of the public but also careful training of all professionals who provide health care for pregnant women. PMID- 7023639 TI - Chemonucleolysis v. disc surgery. PMID- 7023640 TI - Inhalation injury caused by the products of combustion. AB - Inhalation injury results from a type of chemical burn (tracheobronchitis) of the respiratory tract. When this injury occurs in patients with serious cutaneous burns the mortality is exceedingly high- 48% to 86%. The injury can be divided into three types according to the level at which the damage occurs; upper airway, major airway and terminal airway. The early signs and symptoms may be complicated by carbon monoxide poisoning. The patient's condition usually follows a staged progression that is proportional to the extent and severity of the tracheobronchitis. Indirect laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, scintiscanning of the lung with xenon 133 and serial analysis of arterial blood gases are useful diagnostic techniques. Treatment must be expeditious, and it depends on the severity of the injury. The prophylactic use of antibiotics and steroids is contraindicated. PMID- 7023641 TI - The Honorable Mary Macdonald: a lesson in attitude. PMID- 7023642 TI - Radiation Therapy Oncology Group clinical trials with misonidazole. AB - This paper presents a review of the progressive clinical trials of the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, misonidazole, in the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG). Presentation is made of all the schemas of the recently completed and currently active RTOG Phase II and Phase III studies. Detailed information is provided on the clinical toxicity of the Phase II trials, specifically regarding neurotoxicity. With limitations in drug total dose, a variety of dose schedules have proven to be tolerable, with a moderate incidence of nausea and vomiting and mild peripheral neuropathy, and a low incidence of more severe peripheral neuropathy or central neuropathy. No other organ toxicity has been seen, specifically no liver, renal or bone marrow toxicities. The clinical pharmacologic monitoring of misonidazole blood levels has been satisfactory with good correlation between the group-wide (Phase II) UV values and the HPLC values from the Phase I study. The patient accrual of the trials has been rapidly increasing and an early analysis suggests efficacy better than previous radiation experience. A series of eight Phase III trials are currently underway or proposed in the RTOG and the results of these are pending. An additional Phase III malignant glioma trial in the Brain tumor Study Group is described. PMID- 7023643 TI - Malignant gliomas with heavily lipidized (foamy) tumor cells: a report of three cases with immunoperoxidase study. AB - Three cases of heavily lipidized malignant glioma are reported. Large amounts of intracellular lipid gave the tumor cells a vacuolated, foamy appearance that generally obscured their glial nature. The latter was, however, confirmed by the demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by immunoperoxidase. These tumors, which were situated deeply in the brain and contained areas of necrosis, must be distinguished from the relatively benign pleomorphic meningocerebral xanthoastrocytomas, which are characteristically superficial in their location and lack necrotic foci. The malignant nature of the presently described tumors is shown by the death of all three patients within one year of surgery. Thus, in the biologic sense these tumors represent glioblastomas; however, their morphologic peculiarities in the form of massive lipidization of tumor cells, apparently not caused by necrobiosis, set them aside as a histologic subgroup. PMID- 7023644 TI - Diagnosis of meningeal involvement in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: immunofluorescence for terminal transferase. AB - As indirect immunofluorescence technique (I) for detecting TdT enzyme was used to study leukocytes present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with documented acute lymphoblastic leukemia, nonlymphoid leukemias, and unrelated nonmalignant disorders. TdT was found to be expressed in all cases of overt meningeal lymphoblastic leukemia studied but was absent from leukocytes in patients with nonlymphoid leukemia and lymphocytic meningitis. In addition, the IF test proved useful in identifying leukemic blasts in CSF where these were of atypical morphology or present in extremely low numbers. Immunofluorescence for TdT is a useful tumor marker in the CSF of patients with ALL. PMID- 7023645 TI - Binding of N-nitroso carcinogens in pancreatic tissue. AB - Carcinoma of the pancreas can be produced in guinea pigs by the oral administration of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU). Our present studies have examined the distribution of this compound in these animals following parenteral and oral administration and also its specific sites of binding within the pancreatic cell. Emphasis has been placed upon the comparison of the uptake and binding of MNU with the related compound 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), which does not seem to be carcinogenic to the pancreas after oral administration. The distribution data indicate uptake into pancreas that is comparable to that of other organs. Binding data show both MNU and MNNG to extensively modify subcellular organelles and the DNA and proteins of chromatin, but that MNU does this to a somewhat greater extent than MNNG. PMID- 7023646 TI - Cell surface properties of normal, differentiating, and neoplastic pancreatic acinar cells. AB - Acinar, centroacinar, and endocrine cells of the adult rat pancreas each exhibit distinctive cell-surface glycoconjugate patterns as detected by binding of a battery of lectin-ferritin conjugates. Acquisition of these unique glycoconjugate patterns appears to be developmentally regulated, as studies on embryonic rat pancreases at days 15, 17, and 19 of gestation indicate. Further, the three cell types appear to arise from a common stem cell(s) with surface glycoconjugate properties similar to those of the adult centroacinar cell. STudies on the cell surface properties of a rat acinar cell tumor indicate that the neoplastic acinar cells are likely to be arrested at a developmental stage equivalent to acinar cells of the day 19 embryonic pancreas and are characterized by absence of detectable basal lamina. We hypothesize that pancreatic cancers may arise from the equivalent of the undifferentiated embryonic stem cell(s) and that the morphologic features of the tumor depend on the extent of cell differentiation, including expression of cell-surface glycoproteins and extracellular matrix, prior to neoplastic proliferation. PMID- 7023647 TI - Isolation, characterization and clinical evaluation of a pancreas cancer associated antigen. AB - A pancreas cancer-associated antigen (PCAA) was identified and isolated from ascites fluid of human pancreatic cancer. Purified PCAA was homogeneous as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PCAA was a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 1,000,000 and consisted of 20% carbohydrates and 80% peptides, had an isoelectric point of 4.7, and migrated to alpha 2-beta region. It possessed a sedimentation coefficient of 14S and appeared to be a fibrous or fibroglobular protein. Immunoreactivity of PCAA was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes, perchloric acid, KSCN, glycine-HCl at pH 2.5, urea and lithium diiodosalicylate; and insensitive to neuraminidase or beta-glucosidase. Immunohistochemical technique revealed that PCAA was located in the cytoplasm of ductal epithelial cells of malignant pancreas. Using heteroantiserum raised against purified PCAA, horseradish peroxidase and CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B, an enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) for circulating PCAA has been developed. From a group of 40 healthy blood donors, an upper limit of 16.2 micrograms of PCAA/ml of serum has been tentatively determined. An elevated PCAA was shown in 67% (29/43) of patients with pancreas cancer, as well as in 30% (11/36) of lung cancer patients, 27% (10/37) of colonic cancer patients, and in 16% (6/36) of breast cancer patients. The reactive antigen in sera of these cancers was shown to be immunologically identical. PCAA also was detected in extracts of various human tissues, particularly pancreatic tumors, colonic tumors, and in a normal colon. Further, PCAA exhibited heterogeneity in molecular weight, isoelectric point, and electrophoretic mobility. PMID- 7023648 TI - Clinical estimation of the growth rate of breast cancer. AB - To test the ability of the patient's history to provide prognostically important information in breast cancer the authors used information prospectively collected by interview from 756 patients enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of adjuvant therapy. Classification of this information according to the principles of rate of growth created groups with substantial and statistically significant differences in survival. The survival differences created by classifying growth rate were comparable to those created by other prognostic factors, and independent of those created by stage, lymph node status or tumor grade. The patient's history in breast cancer is capable of providing reproducible prognostic information when it is suitable classified, and this information represents a useful addition to current methods of estimating prognosis in breast cancer. PMID- 7023649 TI - A randomized prospective comparison of intermittent methotrexate, methotrexate with leucovorin, and a methotrexate combination in head and neck cancer. AB - A randomized prospective clinical trial involved 259 cases of advanced recurrent Stage III and IV epidermoid cancers of the head and neck. The cases were randomized among three treatment programs evaluating two dose schedules and a combination treatment of methotrexate. The treatments consisted of: weekly methotrexate, biweekly methotrexate with leucovorin rescue (ML), and biweekly ML combined with cyclophosphamide and cytosine arabinoside (MLCC). Equivalent overall drug-related toxicity was produced with a 5% drug-related fatality rate. Methotrexate alone produced significantly more skin and mucosal toxicity, and the combination (MLCC) resulted in more hematologic toxicity than other treatments. Complete and partial objective responses were achieved in 26%, 24%, and 18% by each treatment. Methotrexate alone produced a median duration of response and 105 days compared with 42 and 49 days from the other treatments. Duration of response was significantly longer and survival was better in the methotrexate-alone group. Response was markedly stage dependent; 40% of Stage III patients achieved response, whereas only 17% of Stage IV patients responded. Presence of visceral metastases decreased response rates and the likelihood of response was particularly compromised by pulmonary metastatic spread; only seven of 54 such patients responded. Decreased survival was related to non-ambulatory performance status, disease-free intervals of less than one year and weight loss. Survival differences between Stage III and IV patients could not be shown. This study demonstrates the therapeutic superiority of weekly i.v. treatment with methotrexate but failed to support claims of an improved therapeutic index for high-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue. As the only randomized prospective clinical trial of chemotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer, this study reinforces the weekly i.v. schedule of methotrexate as the standard against which other drug schedules and drug combinations should be compared. PMID- 7023650 TI - High-dose combination chemotherapy for acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in adults. AB - One hundred thirty-nine consecutive unselected adults with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia were treated with a high-dose chemotherapeutic remission-induction regimen consisting of daunomycin (70 mg/m2 IV on days 1, 2, 3), cytosine arabinoside (100 mg/m2 IV every 12 hours), 6-thioguanine (100 mg/m2 orally every 12 hours), prednisone (40 mg/m2 daily), all given on days 1 through 7, and vincristine (1 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 7). Supportive care consisted of broad spectrum antibiotics for fever in the presence of granulocytopenia and prophylactic platelet transfusions. The complete remission (CR) rate was 60%. The median number of days to CR was 30. Fifty-eight of 77 (75%) patients under age 50 and 26 of 62 (42%) patients over age 50 attained CR. Despite the use of a relatively large dose of daunomycin and monthly maintenance chemotherapy, the median remission duration was only 39 weeks and the medial survival 64 weeks. Most patients who failed to achieve CR died early-77% of deaths occurred within the first six weeks. Infections accounted for the increase mortality in patients over age 50. Thirty-seven percent of patients over age 50 died of infections whereas only 10% under age 50 did so (P less than 0.001). Seven percent of the patients died of fungal infection during attempted remission induction. The incidence of resistance of the leukemia to the remission-induction regimen was low (8%). PMID- 7023652 TI - Modulation of 5-fluorouracil toxicity by allopurinol in man. AB - Oxipurinol, the major metabolite of allopurinol, decreased the toxicity of 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) to human granulocyte colony-forming units in vitro by a factor of four. The ability of allopurinol to reduce 5-FU toxicity in vivo was studied in 23 advanced cancer patients during 42 courses of treatment. 5-FU was administered by continuous intravenous infusion for five days; allopurinol, 300 mg, po, every 8 hours was started 2 hours before and continued during and for 24 hours after 5-FU infusion. 5-FU was escalated from 1.5 to 2.25 g/m2/day on separate courses; the dose-limiting toxicity was mucositis which occurred at a level of 2.0 g/m2/day. At a 5-FU dose rate of greater than 2.0 g/m2/day 5-FU pharmacokinetics were nonlinear, reflecting saturation of catabolic pathways, and the steady-state 5-FU serum concentration was approximately 4 times that which was tolerable without allopurinol. At these concentrations of 5-FU oxipurinol significantly influenced the clearance of 5-FU. Thus concurrent allopurinol therapy permitted a doubling of the maximum tolerated dose of 5-FU and a four fold increase in the tolerated concentration x time exposure to 5-FU. PMID- 7023651 TI - Disease-free survival at intervals during and following completion of adjuvant chemotherapy: the NSABP experience from three breast cancer protocols. AB - Findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) trials evaluating three different regimens of adjuvant chemotherapy (L-PAM, L-PAM + 5-FU, L-PAM + 5-FU + MTX) in patients with primary breast cancer and positive axillary nodes indicate that each regimen has significantly contributed toward achieving the initial goal of such therapy, namely to diminish or prevent treatment failure in all or major subsets of patients during the first two years following operation when women are at greatest risk for a recurrence. Because of this hazard, chemotherapy was administered in all protocols for two years. Findings were examined at the end of the first year of therapy and at the termination of the second year for those who entered that year of therapy disease free in order to determine whether the second year of treatment contributed a benefit beyond that achieved from the first year of therapy. A reduction in the incidence of treatment failure was evident in every subgroup of patients at completion of the first year of therapy. There was evidence of added improvement during the second year of treatment in patients aged 49 years or younger but not in those aged 50 years or older. Despite the finding, it is not possible from these studies to be absolutely certain that a second year of therapy is or is not advantageous. Findings obtained to date from the three studies indicate that patients completing two years of chemotherapy who are disease-free display a subsequent treatment failure rate that is no greater than that observed in untreated patients who survived two years without recurrence. Consequently, any advantage in disease-free survival observed at completion of therapy has been subsequently sustained for several years, suggesting this represents a real decrease rather than a postponement of treatment failure. PMID- 7023653 TI - Malignant lymphoma supervening in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and related disorders. Richter's syndrome: a study of 25 cases. AB - Richter's syndrome (RS) has been defined as "histiocytic" lymphoma (HL) or Hodgkin's disease (HD) supervening in the course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and related disorders. The clinical, histologic, and immunologic findings in 25 cases (11 women, 14 men) of RS are presented. The initial diagnosis was CLL in 19 cases, diffuse well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma in 2 cases, and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia in 4 cases. The interval between the initial diagnosis and that of RS ranged from 0 (two cases) to 120 months (median 49 months). At the time of diagnosis of RS, the initial lymphoproliferative disorder was in apparent complete remission in only two cases. The lymphoma was disseminated in at least 18 cases. The overall median survival was four months, but complete remission was achieved in six cases and has been maintained for 15 to 77 months. In four of these six cases, the RS was localized. The histologic diagnosis of HD was made in only two cases. In the other 23 cases, the diagnosis was HL, but in five of these cases, the proliferation was heterogeneous and was considered as an early aspect of HL. Immunologic studies of lymph node cell suspensions were performed in seven cases. In all cases, the B-lymphocytic origin of the lymphoma cells could be ascertained. Detailed studies in four cases showed that lymphoma cells carried SIg of the same isotype and light chain type as that of SIg detected on CLL cells or of monoclonal serum Ig. In these cases, the lymphoma was actually related to the initial B-cell chronic lymphoid disease. PMID- 7023654 TI - Treatment of disseminated malignant melanoma with high-dose oral BCG. AB - Thirty patients with unresectable disseminated melanoma (Stage IV) were treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) (Moreau strain--Rio de Janeiro) by mouth, with weekly doses ranging between 200 mg and 28,000 mg. Five patients died in the first two months of treatment. Of the remaining 25 patients, two (8%) showed complete regression, and one (4%) partial regression. Seven patients (28%) had stabilization of the disease for a six-month period, and 15 (60%) had progression of the disease. Complete and partial regressions were seen only in patients with extravisceral (subcutaneous) metastases, and were associated with a longer survival time. Regression of the subcutaneous metastatic nodules was always accompanied by the following local phenomena: increased temperature; local inflammation; softening, pain and pruritus at the nodule site; and a gradual decrease in size. At the site of the tumor mass, a hypochromic halo appeared. This halo remained permanently and was pathognomonic of the metastatic nodule rejection. When the halo was fully established, the inflammatory infiltrate was minimal and the malignant cells disappeared. If the area contained hairs, they underwent complete albinization. Serial biopsies of the nodules undergoing inflammatory changes and decreased consistency exhibited an intense cellular infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells around the malignant cells. This sometimes simulated lymphoid follicle formation involving the melanoma cells associated with necrosis in a centripetal way. Some patients with visceral metastases (particularly pulmonary) had an unexpectedly long survival, apparently associated with interruption of the growth rate of the masses. Eleven out of 20 deaths were due to cerebral metastases. When cerebral disease was diagnosed, BCG was discontinued and the administration of corticoids was usually associated with a disappearance of the inflammatory signs at the nodule sites, but with progression of the disease. Toxicity was minimal. PMID- 7023655 TI - Polyvalent pneumococcal immunization of patients with plasma cell dyscrasias. AB - Thirteen patients with plasma cell dyscrasias and 27 healthy adults were immunized with polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine. Antibody responses were determined by radioimmunoassay. Patients with plasma cell disorders had significantly lower preimmunization and postimmunization antibody titers compared with those of the controls (P-0.01 abd 0.008, respectively). Even though the overall response in myeloma patients was poor, occasional rises in antibody titers occurred. Immunizing myeloma patients with the pneumococcal vaccine is recommended. PMID- 7023656 TI - Granulocytic sarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 61 biopsied cases. AB - Granulocytic sarcoma is an uncommon tumor composed of granulocytic precursor cells. Because it occurs in a variety of clinical settings and because the tumor cells are primitive it is frequently unrecognized during life. This presentation details the authors' experience with 61 biopsy-proven granulocytic sarcomas. The patient age range was from 2 to 81 years (mean 48 years). In eight patients the tumors were multiple. Most common sites of involvement were bone, periosteum, soft tissue, lymph node and skin. Twenty-two tumors occurred in 15 patients with no known disease, 26 occurred in 24 patients with a known myeloproliferative disorder, and 13 occurred in 11 patients with proven acute myeloid leukemia. Thirteen of the 15 patients with no known disease developed acute leukemia in from one to 49 months after the biopsy of their tumors (mean 10 months). Most tumors occurring in patients with a known myeloproliferative disorder were associated with blast crisis. The authors' cases displayed a morphologic range from well-differentiated to those tumors that displayed virtually no evidence of differentiation by conventional microscopy. It was therefore not surprising that most tumors were originally diagnosed as lymphoma. Chloro-acetate esterase (CAE) stains were performed on 56 tumors and 47 were studied with antilysozyme immunoperoxidase technique. Fifty-six of the 57 specimens studied by either technique were positive. Antilysozyme immunoperoxidase stains were particularly useful in confirming the diagnosis. PMID- 7023657 TI - Whole saliva albumin as an indicator of stomatitis in cancer therapy patients. AB - Albumin concentrations were measured in whole and parotid saliva samples collected from patients who were undergoing various cancer treatment protocols and had a high incidence of stomatitis. Oral examinations were made at the time of saliva collection and the degree of stomatitis evaluated. Elevations of whole saliva albumin concentrations were observed in 11 stomatitis incidents. No increases were observed in parotid saliva. The salivary albumin increases always preceded and often occurred in the absence of stomatitis, suggesting that the whole saliva albumin level may be a useful measure and predictor of this condition. If so, monitoring of this parameter could be useful in establishing treatment schedules for chemotherapy protocols that have stomatitis as the limiting factor in treatment. PMID- 7023658 TI - Immunoperoxidase study of alkaline phosphatase in testicular tumor. AB - Indirect immunoperoxidase staining was carried out on human testicular tumors using monospecific antibodies against placental (Regan) and intestinal isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase). The very high incidence of seminoma (approximately 90%) revealed positive staining of placental ALPase mainly on the cell membrane of tumor cells, whereas none of the seminoma showed presence of intestinal isoenzyme. Placental isoenzyme was not recognized in any embryonal carcinoma and interstitial cell tumor. The epithelial cells of the glandular elements of teratoma occasionally exhibited strong staining for intestinal ALPase and weak staining for placental ALPase. The appearance of Regan isoenzyme in seminomas might be considered possible conversion of hepatic to placental isoenzyme, a consequence of malignant transformation of spermatogenic cells. Regan isoenzyme appears to be a new tumor marker for seminoma and the frequent identification of Regan isoenzyme in seminoma may disclose a unique biologic characteristic of this germinal tumor. PMID- 7023659 TI - High-risk factors in gynecologic cancer. AB - Cervical cancer retains its character as a venereal disease associated with infections and multiple sexual partners, but poverty also is important. Precise incidence figures for cervical and endometrial cancer are almost nonexistent because in areas with precise case counts there is rarely accurate knowledge of hysterectomy prevalence. For endometrial cancer little recent attention has been paid to any risk factor except exogenous estrogen. It is now suggested that a low pregnancy rate is a cause, not a consequence, of ovarian pathology leading to cancer. Some progress has been made in separating the epidemiologies of various kinds of ovarian and uterine cancer. A few clues are available regarding the epidemiology of fallopian tube cancers and vaginal cancers other than those produced by maternal stilbestrol. Vulvar cancer becomes common only after the age of 75 and so has been neglected epidemiologically. PMID- 7023660 TI - Gynecologic cancer treatment: risk factors for therapeutically induced neoplasia. AB - Therapeutic intervention in a course of illness, while producing the desired result, also may have some adverse long-term effects on the patient. Second malignancies are one of the known complications of therapy. The treatments of gynecologic cancers by surgery, irradiation and chemotherapy have been associated with subsequent neoplasms. Care must be exercised in associating previous therapy and a subsequent malignancy. "Naturally" occurring second cancers must be separated from those which are iatrogenic. Associations in the literature have been made involving malignancies as a sequelae of prior gynecologic therapy. The use of normal skin from the thigh to fabricate an artificial vagina has resulted in more squamous cell carcinomas than expected. Alkylating agents used in the treatment of ovarian cancer and other diseases have been shown to lead to an increased risk of leukemia. Irradiation therapy, however, has not yet been shown to be related to leukemia in cervical cancer patients. The incidence of lymphoma and uterine, urinary bladder and colon carcinomas has been associated with prior irradiation for gynecologic disease. The literature regarding the therapeutically induced risk factors in gynecologic therapy is reviewed and areas of our knowledge that require more investigation are identified. PMID- 7023661 TI - Estrogen--a cause of gynecologic cancer? AB - For many years before the first case-control studies showing an increased risk of endometrial cancer among menopausal estrogen users were published, a considerable body of circumstantial evidence accumulated suggesting a tumor-promoting role for estrogens in specific target organs. In regard to endometrial cancer, an "estrogen hypothesis" has evolved based on observations such as an increased incidence of endometrial cancer in patients with chronic anovulation and in patients with estrogen-secreting ovarian tumors; development of endometrial cancer in certain estrogen treated animals; and successful treatment of some metastatic endometrial cancer with progesterone. Since 1975, a number of case control studies have appeared relating estrogen treatment of menopausal women to a rising incidence of endometrial cancer. The same cannot be said, with a few exceptions, of studies of breast and ovarian cancer. An understanding of the physiology of the estrogens, particularly in obese women, aids in understanding the possible role of estrogen in promoting endometrial neoplasia. Although the case for estrogens promoting some forms of endometrial cancer is strong, at the present time it cannot unequivocally be stated that estrogens cause any form of cancer in humans. PMID- 7023662 TI - Viruses and gynecologic cancers: herpesvirus protein (ICP 10/AG-4), a cervical tumor antigen that fulfills the criteria for a marker of carcinogenicity. AB - The studies associating infections by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) with carcinoma of the human uterine cervix are reviewed within the context of three possible interpretations. Extensive seroepidemiologic evidence indicates that the virus does not grow preferentially in neoplastic tissue, nor is the association of HSV-2 with cervical carcinoma a reflection of their independent relationship to promiscuity. While a number of infectious agents, including other viruses, are associated with cervical atypia, only HSV-2 is a significant risk factor for CIS. In vitro transformation data supporting the oncogenic potential of the virus are summarized, and evidence is presented that an antigen designated ICP 10/AG-4 is a valid candidate for the role of a virus-encoded protein involved in the maintenance of a transformed phenotype. Antibody to AG-4 is IgM, and it is detected by microquantitative complement fixation. With this assay, it is demonstrated that conversion to anti-AG-4 occurs during primary infection with HSV-2; however, it is transient. In testing 1325 patients, a correlation was observed between antibody to AG-4 and cervical carcinoma. Thus, whereas only 11.7% of controls and 7.7% of patients with cancer at other sites are AG-4 seropositive, as many as 49.6% of patients with dysplasia, 63% of those with CIS, and 72.7% of those with invasive cancer are positive for the antibody. Antibody to AG-4 is related to tumor growth. This is evidence by 1) retrospective analyses demonstrating that the proportion of AG-4 seropositive individuals is directly correlated to the state of the disease and 2) prospective study of 209 patients demonstrating loss of antibody in patients with a successfully removed tumor mass and reappearance of AG-4 antibody in cancer recurrence. The possible use of AG-4 (or its antibody) in the diagnosis and monitoring of cervical carcinoma and its treatment is discussed. PMID- 7023663 TI - Definition of precursors in gynecologic cancer. AB - Epithelial lesions of the vulva with patterns of dysplasia or carcinoma in situ may be associated with underlying invasive squamous cell carcinoma or the presence of dysplasia or carcinoma elsewhere on the vulva. These lesions may regress spontaneously, particularly when they appear as multiple papules in young patients. Two major classifications of precancerous lesions of the cervix are in current usage: 1) mild to severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ; 2) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grades I to III. Both of them imply a more complete understanding of the nature of these changes than exists at the present time. Precancerous lesions of the cervix, vagina, vulva, and/or perineum are often associated synchronously or asynchronously. Although there are numerous designations for precancerous lesions of the endometrium, relatively little precise information exists about their significance. In managing women with these lesions, the gynecologist should communicate with the pathologist about the meaning of his diagnostic term, inquiring how far along the road toward invasive carcinoma the precancerous process is judged to be. PMID- 7023664 TI - Surgical aspects of cervical carcinoma. AB - The surgical therapy of cancer of the cervix has historically been a mainstay of treatment for this malignancy. This manuscript reviews the historical development of surgical therapy for cervix cancer and discusses the role of this modality in modern medicine. Stage I and Stage IIA disease is adequately treated with a radical hysterectomy. Morbidity and mortality in the last two decades has been reduced to a minimum. The extent of the radical surgical procedure called radical hysterectomy has been tailored to the extent of the disease by the use of modern knowledge of spread patterns. PMID- 7023665 TI - Surgery for endometrial cancer. PMID- 7023666 TI - Carcinoma of the endometrium. AB - Controversy continues as to how and when radiation therapy can best be combined with surgery in order to improve treatment results in patients, with endometrial cancer. Various prognostic factors--tumor grade, depth of myometrial invasion, size of the uterine cavity, and the presence of nodal or parametrial spread--must all be considered when planning therapy. Well-differentiated Stage IA endometrial cancers hav an excellent prognosis when treated by surgery alone. Evidence suggests, however, that all other Stage I tumors benefit from combined radiation and surgical treatment. Patients with advanced stages of disease are candidates for combined surgery and radiation or radiation alone, owing to the high frequency of pelvic node involvement. Areas of active investigation include the addition of systemic therapy in patients with Stage III disease and the evaluation of extended field radiation in patients with histologically confirmed high pelvic or paraaortic nodal involvement. PMID- 7023667 TI - Surgery for common epithelial tumors of the ovary. AB - The objectives of the initial surgical procedure in patients with common epithelial carcinomas of the ovary are determination of the intraabdominal extent of the cancer and the reduction of tumor masses to the smallest residuum before initiating further therapy. Since ovarian cancer is a disease of the entire abdominal cavity, biopsy of selected sites will often detect unsuspected involvement by microscopic foci of metastatic carcinoma. Tumor-reductive surgery resulting in a small tumor residuum before initiating chemotherapy is thought to improve the changes for inducing a complete response. The retroperitoneal operative approach enhances the surgeon's effort to remove tumor bulk. Between July 1, 1972, and September 1, 1978, 104 patients with FIGO Stage III or IV carcinomas of the ovary were treated with melphalan. The conditions of 38 patients were evaluated by second-look laparotomy. This analysis attempts to define tumor-reductive surgery and relates the outcome of the results of the operative procedure to patients treated with melphalan. PMID- 7023668 TI - Hormone receptors in endometrial cancer. AB - Similarities between endometrial and mammary tissue as targets for ovarian hormones indicate that measurements of estradiol and progesterone receptor (RE and RP) levels may be as useful in endometrial cancer as they are in breast cancer for the prediction of responses to treatment with steroids and antiestrogens. Receptor levels cannot be inferred from the degree of differentiation of the endometrial tumors, although RP values are lower in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Current studies aim to relate RP levels to objective remissions of metastases after progestin therapy, and attempts are being made to increase RP with tamoxifen before treatment with progestins or assaying for RP. In vitro studies aim to elucidate fundamental problems related to the action of steroids on the tumors, e.g., mechanism by which receptors mediate the effects of pharmacologic doses of drugs, factors that regulate receptor levels, and homogeneity in the distribution of receptors in tumor cell populations. PMID- 7023669 TI - Chemotherapy in the management of advanced or recurrent cervical and endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 7023670 TI - Characteristics of proliferative lesions in the nasal cavities of mice following chronic inhalation of 1,2-dibromoethane. AB - Groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 mice inhaled 10 or 40 ppm 1,2 dibromoethane 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 103 (10 ppm) or 90 (40 ppm) weeks. Focal epithelial hyperplasia was found in 1 (low dose group) and 10 (high dose group) males and 3 (low dose group) and 11 (high dose group) females. Squamous papillomas or adenomas were seen in 3 males and 7 females in the high dose groups. Squamous, adeno-, or mixed carcinomas were present in 7 females in the high dose group. One poorly differentiated sarcoma and 2 hemangiosarcomas were observed in females in the low and high dose groups, respectively. PMID- 7023671 TI - Intra-arterial BCNU chemotherapy for the treatment of malignant gliomas of the central nervous system: a preliminary report. AB - We treated six patients with unilateral malignant astrocytomas with pulse doses of intra-arterial BCNU (200 mg/m2 initially, with escalating doses every 6-8 weeks) via transfemoral selective internal carotid catheterization. Four patients had had partial resections without prior radiation therapy and received no steroids. They had decreased tumor stain and surrounding edema after two to four cycles of chemotherapy. For one patient, results of the neurologic examination returned to normal, with total disappearance of her tumor as assessed by computerized tomographic scan. Objective tumor response continued for 7 months in three patients and for 3 months in one. In two of the four patients, chemotherapy was discontinued because of retinal toxicity and not because of treatment failure. Two patients had had partial resections and radiation therapy. One patient had stable disease for 4 months, and the second had progressive disease with gradual visual loss beginning in the infused eye 3 weeks after the second treatment. The catheterization procedure is safe; it was without immediate complication in 17 BCNU infusions. In summary, high-dose intra-arterial BCNU is well-tolerated and is an effective initial chemotherapeutic modality. PMID- 7023672 TI - Effect of prazosin and oxprenolol on plasma renin activity and blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. AB - 48 patients with normal-renin essential hypertension were treated with prazosin alone or in combination with oxprenolol. 1 h after a single dose of 2 mg prazosin tachycardia and a decrease in blood pressure developed. Renin activity in the peripheral plasma (PRA) increased from 1.04 +/- 0.15 to 2.64 +/- 0.20 ng AgT/ml/h. A 3-day treatment with 2 mg t.i.d. prazosin of 11 patients caused no further decrease in blood pressure, while PRA returned to the baseline level. Treatment for 3 days with 2 mg prazosin t.i.d. and 40 mg oxprenolol t.i.d. of 37 patients further decreased blood pressure as well as PRA. The increase in PRA after a single dose of prazosin could be related to the enhanced sympathetic activity. The decreased PRA after prazosin + oxprenolol therapy may be one of the factors responsible for the greater antihypertensive response to the combined therapy. PMID- 7023673 TI - Role of the renin-angiotensin and of the adrenergic system in the blood pressure regulation at exercise in normotensive subjects and in hypertensive patients. PMID- 7023674 TI - Treatment of the bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome with low doses of amiodarone. PMID- 7023675 TI - Therapeutic activity of oral glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthrosis: a placebo controlled double-blind investigation. PMID- 7023676 TI - Five-day therapy with cephradine capsules, 500 mg BID, for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated urinary tract infections. AB - This double-blind, randomized multi-center study compared the efficacy and safety of a five-day treatment regimen with that of a ten-day treatment regimen for acute, uncomplicated urinary tract infections. All patients received cephradine capsules, 500 mg BID. Efficacy was evaluated in 71 patients (38 with five days of treatment; 33 with ten days of treatment). All but one patient in each group had a rapid resolution of symptoms. At the completion of treatment, cephradine eradicated the causative pathogen in 97.4% and 96.9% of patients in the two groups, respectively. One week after therapy, 86.8% of patients in the five-day treatment group and 84.8% of those in the ten-day treatment group maintained both complete resolution of symptoms and bacterial eradication. The incidence of side effects was equally low in the two groups. Thus a five-day regimen of cephradine, 500 mg BID, offers the potential advantages of cost-efficiency and improved patient compliance, while maintaining clinical efficacy in treating acute, uncomplicated urinary tract infections. PMID- 7023677 TI - Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of maprotiline and amitriptyline in endogenous depression: a double-blind controlled trial. PMID- 7023678 TI - Long-term treatment of gastric ulcer with cimetidine. AB - Twenty patients with gastric ulcer received treatment with cimetidine. Patients were studied endoscopically before initiation of treatment and after three and six weeks of treatment. Cimetidine was administered at an initial dose of 1 gm/day. At the end of the third week, patients who had a reduction of less than 50% in the size of their ulcers were given 1.6 gm/day of cimetidine for the next three weeks, while the other patients remained on the initial dosage schedule for three more weeks. The 16 patients whose ulcers healed received either cimetidine or placebo (one tablet after lunch and one at bedtime) for an additional 12-week period in a double-blind, randomized study. At the end of this period, patients underwent endoscopic follow-up examination. One of nine patients given cimetidine and one of seven patients given placebo had recurrence of ulcer at the end of the trial. The four patients whose ulcers did not heal by the end of six weeks of treatment were smokers. PMID- 7023679 TI - An evaluation of netilmicin, 150 mg BID, in systemic infections. AB - The efficacy and tolerance of netilmicin administered in a simplified dosage schedule (150 mg BID) were evaluated in an open study of 20 patients with acute systemic infections. Duration of therapy ranged from 6 to 11 days. All isolated causative organisms were eradicated; 85% (17/20) of the patients experienced complete clinical resolution, and the remaining 15% (3/20) experienced definite improvement. No patients developed nephrotoxicity of ototoxicity. The results of this study demonstrate that netilmicin is both effective in the treatment of serious systemic infections and well tolerated when administered at 150 mg twice daily. PMID- 7023680 TI - [Prevention of some cardiovascular diseases from the psychosomatic point of view (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023681 TI - [Antibody-coated bacteria in the urine sediment in urinary tract infection in patients after kidney transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023682 TI - [The Creutzfeldt-Jacob syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023683 TI - [Bernard Bolzano in the history of medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023684 TI - Germinal centres and the B-cell system. V. Presence of germinal centre-precursor cells among lymphocytes of the thoracic duct in the rat. AB - Thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) were studied with respect to their capacity to give rise to germinal centres (GC) and to form primary antibody in an adoptive transfer system of the rat. Challenge with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) 24h after lethal irradiation (900 rads) and syngeneic TDL reconstitution (10(8)) lead to conspicuous GC activity already 7 days after transfer. In contrast, using syngeneic bone marrow (BM) in the adoptive transfer system, no GC formation was observed over the period studied (14 days after reconstitution). Reconstitution experiments using in vivo-separated T-TDL (1-5% s-Ig+) and B-TDL (greater than 90% s-Ig+) subpopulations, either separately or in combination, indicated that GC originate from B-TDL but require T-TDL for induction. PMID- 7023685 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of a humoral defense factor in blood cells (Amoebocytes) of the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. AB - Monolayers of blood cells (amoebocytes) and sections of connective tissue and of amoebocyte pellets of the freshwater pulmonate gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis were stained immunocytochemically with antisera to snail agglutinin/opsonin. The presence of this substance was demonstrated light microscopically both in the cytoplasm and on the cell membrane of amoebocytes. This suggests that amoebocytes synthesize agglutinin/opsonin, and bear it at their surface as receptors for foreign materials. PMID- 7023686 TI - Immuno-electron-microscopic identification of O-antigen-bearing oligodendroglial cells in vitro. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to cell-surface antigens of oligodendrocytes (Sommer and Schachner 1980; Schachner et al. 1980) were used to identify this cell type by immuno-electron microscopy in monolayer cultures of fetal and early postnatal mouse cerebellum. The ultrastructural features of antigen-positive cells confirm that they are immature and mature oligodendrocytes, but not neurons, astrocytes or fibroblasts or fibroblast-like cells. Type I oligodendrocytes are the immature ones with a relatively large amount of moderately electron-lucent cytoplasm, clusters of ribosomes and complex networks of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Large numbers of mitochondria and microtubules, but not intermediate-sized filaments are seen in these cells. They comprise more than 90% of all 0-antigen-positive cells. Type II cells comprise only approximately 5% of all 0-antigen-positive cells. They are characterized by a limited amount of electron-dense cytoplasm, which appears more compact and granular than in type I cells. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is distributed evenly throughout the cytoplasm. Microtubules and mitochondria are present, but more difficult to distinguish due to the compactness of the cytoplasm. Type II cells display the more mature ultrastructural features of oligodendrocytes. PMID- 7023687 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of polypeptide hormones in endocrine cells of the digestive tract of Branchiostoma lanceolatum. AB - The digestive tract of the cephalochordate Branchiostoma lanceolatum was investigated with regard to occurrence and distribution of endocrine cells. By the use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique, cells in the gut epithelium reacting with antisera against 8 different mammalian polypeptide hormones were localized. Positive reactions were obtained with antisera against the four mammalian islet hormones (insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin) and against secretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pentagastrin and neurotensin. No immunoreactivity was found with antisera members of the lipotropin family (ACTH, met-enkephalin, alpha-endorphin), against big gastrin, cholecystokinin, substance P and motilin. The exact mapping of the different polypeptide immunoreactive cells throughout the digestive tract of Branchiostoma lanceolatum is presented. PMID- 7023688 TI - Nucleated thrombocytoid cells. II. Phase- and interference-contrast microscopic studies on blood cells of the domestic fowl. AB - The so-called nucleated thrombocytes of the domestic fowl (and mallard) were analyzed intravitally by use of phase- and interference-contrast microscopy with regard to their morphology and functional state, and in comparison to other avian blood cells and mammalian blood platelets. Since nucleated thrombocytoid cells of birds do not differ in size from white blood cells, they are automatically included in differential cell counts. They can easily be confused with other white blood cells and even with erythrocyte ghosts, which also appear to be hemostatically active elements. However, the nucleated thrombocytoid cells displayed a characteristic, definite morphology. The platelet-like spreading process and elongation of aging cells in vitro to spindle forms deserve special attention. A technique of counting live avian blood cells was used to determine their values in chickens of different sexes and ages. PMID- 7023689 TI - Morphometric parameters of the midgut cells of Aedes aegypti L. (Insecta, Diptera) under various conditions. AB - Previous morphometric or biochemical investigations have yielded different data on the distribution of free and membrane-bound ribosomes in midgut cells of Aedes aegypti. In the present paper ribosomal distribution has been morphometrically analysed to determine whether different mosquito strains, different food and different narcosis used in these previous studies, and/or methodological errors, could account for the different results. Most of the cellular parameters in the stomach epithelium of female A. aegypti, strain Rockefeller, and their changes during blood digestion, are comparable to those measured for another Aedes strain (Segemaganga, Hecker and Rudin, 1979), and ae generally similar to those of Anopheles stephensi (Hecker 1978). Proteolytic activity against casein is similar for both Aedes strains with a maximum activity being registered around 30 h after a blood meal. During digestion of human serum there is no increase in the ratio of membrane-bound to free ribosomes, and no significant increase in the surface area of the rough endoplasmic reticulum or of the number of bound or free ribosomes. Proteolytic activity is distinctly lower than during blood digestion. Immobilization of mosquitoes prior to dissection by either narcosis or by shaking in a test tube has no significant influence on cellular parameters in females fed on sugar solution and investigated 3 days after emergence. It is concluded that the differences in ribosomal parameters previously obtained by morphometrical (Hecker and Rudin 1979) and biochemical (Gander et al. 1980) methods, can only partly be explained by the selection of different food for the mosquitoes, and must also have been caused by methodological inadequacies. PMID- 7023690 TI - Appearance of dense granules in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the juxtaglomerular cells in mice administered with captopril. AB - Captopril [1-(D-3-mercapto-2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-L-proline (S,S)] is now known to be an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme. In male mice, the juxtaglomerular cells were examined by electron microscopy 42 h after administration of captopril. Numerous dense granules appeared in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of these cells. PMID- 7023691 TI - SOS functions, cancer and inducible evolution. PMID- 7023692 TI - Role of the mature protein sequence of maltose-binding protein in its secretion across the E. coli cytoplasmic membrane. PMID- 7023693 TI - Different exported proteins in E. coli show differences in the temporal mode of processing in vivo. AB - A number of exported proteins in E. coli, both periplasmic proteins and proteins of the outer membrane, were examined to determine when removal of the "signal sequence" occurs in vivo. One protein was processed entirely cotranslationally (amp C beta-lactamase) and one was processed entirely post-translationally (TEM beta-lactamase). The others (maltose-binding protein, arabinose-binding protein, omp A protein, lam B protein and alkaline phosphatase) showed both modes of processing, although the amount of cotranslational processing varied considerably among the individual proteins of this class. When processing occurred cotranslationally, the proteolytic removal of the "signal" was a late event. For four of the proteins studied, processing was initiated only after the polypeptides had been elongated to approximately 80% of their full length. PMID- 7023694 TI - A somatomedin-like peptide hormone is required during the estrogen-mediated induction of ovalbumin gene transcription. AB - Expression of the ovalbumin gene in chicken oviduct explant cultures requires the presence of a somatomedin-like peptide hormone in addition to estrogen. Insulin, proinsulin and multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) are equally active substitutes for this peptide hormone, and maximal induction requires about 0.5 micrograms/ml; fetal calf serum can partially substitute for these factors. The equipotency of insulin and proinsulin indicates that insulin receptors are not involved, and the activity of MSA suggests that the active receptor is specific for somatomedins. The permissive effect of the peptide factor occurs within 1-2 hr and is required for the initiation of estrogen-mediated transcription on the ovalbumin gene. In contrast, transcription from the conalbumin gene is fully induced by estrogen in the presence or absence of peptide factors or serum, despite the fact that these two egg white genes are both transcribed in the same cells in response to the same steroid hormones. We suggest that the interaction of a somatomedin with its membrane-bound receptor generates an intracellular signal that interacts specifically with the ovalbumin gene. PMID- 7023695 TI - Sequencing of the 16S-23S spacer in a ribosomal RNA operon of Zea mays chloroplast DNA reveals two split tRNA genes. AB - The nucleotide sequence of th 16S-23S spacer from a ribosomal RNA operon of Zea mays chloroplast DNA has been determined. It contains two tRNA genes, coding for tRNAlle (AUCU) and tRNAAla (GCGA), which are split by intervening sequences of 949 and 806 base pairs, respectively. Homology between the two introns suggests that they have a common origin. PMID- 7023696 TI - Differential translation efficiency explains discoordinate expression of the galactose operon. AB - We have used an mRNA-dependent E. coli S-30 translation system to compare the translation efficiencies of two polycistronic transcripts of the galactose operon, the CRP-cAMP-dependent mRNA (P1) and the CRP-cAMP-independent mRNA (P2). The RNAs were prepared in vitro, quantitated by hybridization or gel analysis and translated in a cell free system. The specific protein products were measured, and their quantities were compared with the amount of input mRNA. Our results show that the P2 mRNA synthesizes epimerase, the 5'-proximal gene product of the gal operon, four times more efficiently than the P1 mRNA. The 5'-distal gene products, transferase and kinase, are translated with the same efficiency from both transcripts. Thus the ratio of epimerase to kinase synthesis is four times higher for the P2 mRNA than for the P1 mRNA. This change in epimerase to kinase ratio is identical to that observed in vivo when the cellular cAMP level falls and gal transcription is believed to switch from P1 to P2. We suggest that it is the differential translation efficiency of the epimerase gene on the two different gal transcripts that accounts for this discoordinate expression. Moreover, since the P2 mRNA differs from the P1 mRNA only by the addition of five nucleotides at the 5' terminus and these nucleotides are outside the ribosome binding region we determine for epimerase, the selective difference in the translation efficiency of epimerase is probably mediated by RNA conformation. PMID- 7023697 TI - Induction of SOS functions: regulation of proteolytic activity of E. coli RecA protein by interaction with DNA and nucleoside triphosphate. AB - Damage to cellular DNA or interruption of chromosomal DNA synthesis leads to induction of the SOS functions in E. coli. The immediate agent of induction is the RecA protein, which proteolytically cleaves and inactivates repressors, leading to induction of genes they control. RecA protein modified by tif mutations allows expression of SOS functions in the absence of inducing treatments. We show here that tif-mutant RecA protein is more efficient than wild type RecA protein in interacting with DNA and nucleoside triphosphate. This result suggests that formation of a complex with DNA and nucleoside triphosphate is the critical event that activates RecA protein to destroy repressors after SOS inducing treatments, and that damage to cellular DNA promotes this reaction by providing single-stranded DNA or active nucleoside triphosphate or both. Since dATP is the most effective nucleoside triphosphate in promoting repressor cleavage, we suggest that it is the natural cofactor of recA protein in vivo. PMID- 7023698 TI - Recombination activities of E. coli recA protein. PMID- 7023699 TI - Commitment: how do cells make the decision to differentiate? PMID- 7023700 TI - Ultrastructural localization of transferrin synthesis in rat hepatocytes during prenatal and postnatal development. AB - The synthesis of transferrin has been investigated in rat hepatocytes during pre- and postnatal development of the liver by ultrastructural immunoperoxidase cytochemistry. Transferrin was detected in fetal and postnatal hepatocytes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus, but the amount and distribution of the protein varied according to the stage of the hepatocyte maturation. Between days 13 and 19 of gestation, nearly all hepatocytes exhibited transferrin. After day 20 of pregnancy more and more unstained hepatocytes were detected. Two periods (19th day of gestation and one day after birth) were characterized by an intense labeling of the Golgi apparatus; in contrast, only a small amount of transferrin was located in this organelle at other stages of the rat liver development. The accumulation of transferrin in the Golgi apparatus is interpreted as a transitory storage of the protein. Transferrin could be produced by immature as well as mature hepatocytes. PMID- 7023701 TI - A general method for studying the secretion of macromolecules by single cells. II. A simplified procedure with enhanced sensitivity. PMID- 7023702 TI - Fractionation of murine macrophage inhibitory factor into two distinct species. PMID- 7023703 TI - A comparison of H-2 restriction of helper function using T cells from radiation chimeras and nude mice bearing thymus grafts. PMID- 7023704 TI - Effects, in tissue culture, of serum from obese mice on the DNA synthesis of the pancreatic B-cell. PMID- 7023705 TI - [Bullous pemphigoid induced by taking Brufen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023706 TI - [Vitamin D homeostasis in phospho-calcium metabolism]. PMID- 7023707 TI - [The biological importance of superoxide dismutase]. PMID- 7023708 TI - [50 years of the Infant Institute in Ostrava]. PMID- 7023709 TI - Comparative studies on two active enzyme forms of human urinary urokinase. I. Purification by serial column chromatography and homogeneity analyses of molecular weight and isoelectric point. PMID- 7023710 TI - Comparative studies on two active enzyme forms of human urinary urokinase. II. pH and heat-stabilities of plasminogen activator activity. PMID- 7023711 TI - Studies on the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids. IV. N-Ethylmaleimide reducing activity in Escherichia coli K-12. PMID- 7023712 TI - Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and cancer chemotherapy. AB - Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics have been reported more frequently for anticancer drugs than for other drugs, probably because anticancer drugs are studied over a wide range of doses during early evaluation and because of the increasing use of anticancer drugs at very high doses. Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics are reflected most commonly as an increase in the biological half-life of a drug and a greater than proportional increase in plasma concentration of the drug and in area under the drug concentration-time curve with increase in dose. Occasionally the rate of drug removal increases with increasing dose. These nonlinear changes in drug concentrations with dose may lead to increases in toxicity out of proportion to increases in dose. Appreciation of the possibility of dose dependent pharmacokinetics is important in the clinical pharmacologic evaluation of new drugs, and may be essential for the design of effective therapeutic regimens. PMID- 7023713 TI - The random transition model of the cell cycle. A critical review. AB - The random transition model of the cell cycle has received much attention in recent years in attempts to describe and explain variations in cell cycle times. In this review we suggest statistical procedures for fitting the model to experimental data in place of the invalid techniques currently used. However, we also argue that there have been misconceptions about criteria for quality of fit of the model, and consequent biological interpretations. Other models fit just as well, and the analyses we describe do not provide evidence for any particular biological mechanism. PMID- 7023714 TI - Fluorouracil, imidazole carboxamide dimethyl triazeno, vincristine, and bis chloroethyl nitrosourea (FIVB) in colon cancer. AB - One hundred and sixty patients with advanced metastatic colon cancer were treated with the drug combination of 5-fluorouracil (FU), imidazole carboxamide dimethyl triazeno (ICDT, DTIC), vincristine (VCR), and bis-chloroethyl nitrosourea (BCNU). All the agents were given in each cycle of treatment. The patients also received continuous ethylestranol. Special care was taken to ensure that the ICDT was not at any time exposed to light. Toxic effects included fall in hemoglobin, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, alopecia, stomatitis, nausea and vomiting, and occasional diarrhea. Among 112 patients who had had no prior exposure to cytostatic agents, complete remission (CR) was recorded in 12, and partial remission (PR) in 31. The median duration of remission in these patients was 5.2 months. The median survival for the whole group was 8.4 months: for responders the median survival was 10 months, and for non-responders, 5.4 months. PR was also documented in 10 of 48 patients who had received prior treatment with FU or FU plus methyl-1,3-cis(2-chloroethyl-1-nitrosourea) (MeCCNU). PMID- 7023715 TI - Comparison of daunorubicin and daunorubicin-DNA complex in the treatment of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Sixty consecutive patients, 15-60 years old, with ANLL were divided randomly into three groups for induction treatment with one of the following regimens: R1, daunorubicin (DNR) 1.5 mg/kg on day 1 + ARA-C 2 mg/kg body weight on days 1-5; R2, DNR 1.5 mg/kg on days 1 and 2 + ARA-C 2 mg/kg on days 4-8; R3, DNR-DNA complex 1.5 mg/kg on days 1 and 2 + ARA-C 2 mg/kg on days 4-8. Maintenance treatment consisted of monthly courses of DNR 1.5 mg/kg (R1, R2) or DNR-DNA 1.5 mg/kg (R3) combined with ARA-C 1 mg/kg on days 1-5, alternating with thioguanine 2 mg/kg PO on days 1-5 combined with ARA-C 1 mg/kg IV on days 1-5. Fourteen patients of 20 went into complete remission with R1, 13 or 18 with R2, and 15 of 22 with R3. The overall remission frequency was 70% and there was no significant difference between the different groups. The median time in first remission and the median survival time were 300 and 510 days, respectively, with R1; 335 and 495 days with R2; and 295 and 677 days with R3. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups treated according to the different regimens concerning the time in first remission. Survival was slightly better with R3 than with R1. Treatment with the DNR-DNA complex caused less pronounced thrombocytopenia and fewer 'minor' cardiac abnormalities than treatment with free DNR in the same dosage schedule. PMID- 7023716 TI - Optimal levels of S9 fraction in the Ames and fluctuation tests: apparent importance of diffusion of metabolites from top agar. AB - For activation of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) there is an optimal level of rat liver S9 fraction which is considerably lower in the fluctuation test than in the Ames test. The optimal level of S9 is not markedly affected by the dose of AAF used, nor by the ratio of S9 to bacteria, nor by the presence of soft agar. The difference between Ames and fluctuation tests appears to be due to diffusion of some substance or substances from the top agar layer in the Ames test. Diffusion of the co-factors NADP and glucose-6-phosphate is not responsible for the difference in S9 optima, nor is diffusion of soluble S9 constituents although this may considerably affect the performance of the S9 mix. We present evidence that diffusion of non-mutagenic metabolites of AAF from the Ames test top agar may be responsible for the difference in S9 optima. Our results are consistent with a model whereby lipophilic non-mutagenic metabolites accumulate in the microsomes and inhibit further activation. When the metabolites are able to diffuse away, a higher level of S9 will be optimal. The model is consistent with some other phenomena of S9 activation. PMID- 7023717 TI - Enhanced mutagenic activities of N-nitroso compounds in weakly acidic media. AB - Mutagenesis induced by a number of N-nitrosamines in a liquid phase assay was enhanced 2-8 fold on going from a pH of 7.4 to 6.5, with the degree of enhancement dependent on the compound and the reaction conditions. In general, enhancement was greatest at lower concentrations of mutagen and with compounds of lower molecular weights. With dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) part of this effect was due to an enhanced rate of metabolism at low concentrations of DMN at a pH of 6.5. However, even at higher concentrations of DMN, mutagenesis was more effective at the lower pH despite the fact that metabolism of DMN was twice as rapid at a pH of 7.4 than 6.5. Directly acting mutagens such as N-nitroso-N methylurea and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine were 2-10 times more potent at pH values of between 5.5 and 7.0 than at 7.4. No enhancement in the mutagenic activities of methyl methanesulfonate, benzo(a)pyrene or 3-methylcholanthrene was observed on going from a pH of 7.4 to 6.5. PMID- 7023718 TI - Mutagenicities of gamma-carboline derivatives related to potent mutagens found in tryptophan pyrolysates. PMID- 7023719 TI - Ultrasensitive enzymatic radioimmunoassay (USERIA) detects femtomoles of acetylaminofluorene-DNA adducts. AB - USERIA is a modification of radioimmunoassay and enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay. When compared to these assays, USERIA is 60- and 10-fold, respectively, more sensitive for the detection of adducts in DNA modified by the chemical carcinogen, 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF). The specific antigen-antibody reaction is enzymatically amplified by an anti-IgG alkaline phosphatase conjugate which converts the substrate, [3H]adenosine-5'-monophosphate, to [3H]adenosine. As few as 2 fmol of AAF-DNA adducts can be detected by a competitive USERIA assay and less than 3 fmol of the specific adduct, N-(deoxyguanosine-8-yl)-AAF, can be detected using a non-competitive USERIA approach. The sensitivity of USERIA should aid efforts to measure carcinogen-DNA adducts in biological specimen samples from humans and experimental animals. PMID- 7023721 TI - 4-Chloromethylbiphenyl (4CMB): a novel mutagen and potential carcinogen. AB - The bacterial mutagenicity and cell transforming properties of the monocyclic alkylating agent benzyl chloride have been compared with those of its biphenyl analogue, 4-chloromethylbiphenyl (4CMB), and it is apparent that the addition of the second benzene ring greatly enhances biological activity. The possible reasons for this enhancement are discussed in relation to similar effects observed when comparing the activities of aniline with its biphenyl analogue, 4 aminobiphenyl (4AB). The marked activity observed for 4CMB, a stable and crystalline solid, suggests that it could prove useful as a direct-acting positive control test chemical for use in short-term mutagenicity tests. PMID- 7023720 TI - Mutagenicity of nitrosated alpha-amino acid derivatives N-acetyl-N' nitrosotryptophan and its methyl ester in bacteria. AB - DL-N-acetyl-N'-nitrosotryptophan (I) and its methyl ester (II), readily formed under mild conditions by the reaction of nitrite with N-acetyltryptophan or its methyl ester, are model compounds for the study of the nitrosation of alpha-amino acid side chains, considered relevant to possible role of nitrosation of peptides and proteins in the aetiology of gastrointestinal cancer. Both compounds were assayed for mutagenicity in a series of Escherichia coli WP2 strains (trp- leads to trp+) and in several strains of Salmonella typhimurium (his- leads to his+), in the presence and absence of a post-mitochondrial supernatant (S9) from livers of rats treated with Aroclor 1254. Compound I was mutagenic to the following E. coli strains: WP2; WP2uvrA; WP2pKM101; WP2-98 and TA 100. Compound II was consistently less mutagenic than compound I to the E. coli strains, inactive in S. typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100, but more active than I in TA 1535. Neither compound was detectably mutagenic to E. coli WP2 lexA. Addition of S9 did not enhance the mutagenicity of either compound, and in some cases reduced the mutagenic to any of the E. coli strains tested, and nitrite alone (at pH 7.1) was very feebly mutagenic at doses where molar equivalents of compounds I were markedly active. The rate of decay of compound I in pH 5.9 was closely paralleled by decay of its mutagenicity. These data and the pattern of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity in several DNA-repair mutants of E. coli suggest that both compounds react with DNA to form excisable DNA-adducts which cause mutation by error-prone repair. PMID- 7023722 TI - The induction of errors during in vitro DNA synthesis following chloroacetaldehyde-treatment of poly(dA-dT) and poly(dC-dG) templates. AB - Chloroacetaldehyde, a rearranged metabolic product of the human carcinogen vinyl chloride, reacts with the DNA-like polymers poly(dA-dT) and poly(dC-dG) to form etheno-adducts of the adenine and cytosine bases. These treated polymers, when used as templates for E. coli DNA polymerase I in an in vitro assay, show a decreased ability to direct DNA synthesis. At the same time, increased relative levels of non-complementary nucleotides are incorporated. With the poly(dA-dT) templates 1 dGMP residue is incorporated for every approx 60 ethenoadenine residues present whilst no increased misincorporation of dCMP was detected. With the poly(dC-dG) templates 1 misincorporation of dAMP or dTMP occurred in the presence of approx 30 and 80 ethenocytosine residues respectively. A nearest neighbour analysis shows that with the modified poly(dC-dG) templates the majority of the errors were incorporated opposite cytosine (or modified cytosine) bases. PMID- 7023723 TI - The formation of azoxy-2-phenylethane during the biological oxidation of phenylethylamine by rabbit liver microsomes. AB - Incubation of phenylethylamine with rabbit liver microsomes, divalent manganese and a NADPH generating system leads to the formation of azoxy-2-phenylethane, among other metabolic products. Approximately 38 nmol of the azoxy compound is formed form 10 mumol of phenylethylamine during a 30 min incubation. Azoxy-2 phenylethane was identified by comparison of its chromatographic (thin-layer, high pressure liquid and gas chromatography) properties with those of an authentic standard and was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The metabolism of phenylethylamine to azoxy-2-phenylethane appears completely dependent on the presence of divalent manganese; no reaction was observed in the absence of this metal or in the presence of equivalent concentrations of cupric ions. Azoxy-2 phenylethane was mutagenic, with S-9 activation, in S. typhimurium strains TA 100 and TA 1535 but not in TA 98 or TA 1537. This report constitutes the first demonstration of the formation of an aliphatic azoxy compound from the corresponding amine by a mammalian system. PMID- 7023724 TI - A differential killing assay for mutagens and carcinogens based on an improved repair-deficient strain of Escherichia coli. AB - The lexA gene suppresses the spontaneous inviability of recA strains of Escherichia coli without affecting their repair deficiency. We have taken advantage of this to construct a uvrA recA lexA triple mutant CM871 that combines extreme repair deficiency with near wild-type growth. We have used this strain in conjunction with an isogenic strain WP67 uvrA polA and isogenic wild-type strain WP2 in a differential killing test. Dilute suspensions in buffer of the repair deficient strains and repair-proficient control are incubated for 2 h at 37 degrees C with test compound in the presence or absence of a S9 metabolising system. Survival is determined by Miles Misra plating. For each strain three 10 microliter spots of each of three concentrations of test compound and of the untreated control are placed on a nutrient agar plate. Following overnight incubation survivors are counted. Results with reference compounds are given and the advantages and disadvantages of the test are discussed. PMID- 7023725 TI - Mutagenicity of nitrosated cimetidines. AB - Dinitrosocimetidine and mononitrosocimetidine were tested in a series of short term assay systems. Both compounds were mutagenic in the absence of rat liver microsomes. The dinitrosocimetidine produced higher mutagenic or clastogenic effects at concentrations that were 50 to 500 times lower than the concentrations at which the mononitrosocimetidine produces its maximum effects. The most sensitive short term assay system was the Chinese hamster ovary cell culture system. Dinitrosocimetidine caused sister chromatid exchanges at a concentration of 10(-8) M and chromosome aberrations at 10(-7) M in this system. Dinitrosocimetidine had moderate activity in the bacterial short term assay systems. In the Ames test, strain TA 100 was the most sensitive. The compound was of lower activity in the E. coli WP-2 and the E. coli rec- systems. PMID- 7023726 TI - A quantitative structure-activity analysis of the mutagenic and carcinogenic action of 43 structurally related heterocyclic compounds. AB - Quantitative structure-activity relationships for the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity (against Salmonella typhimurium his- TA98, TA100 and TA1537 strains) of 43 structurally related heterocyclic compounds were formulated. The compounds investigated belong to the following two series of congeners : (a) benzo(thio) pyranoquinolines and (b) benzo(thio)pyranoindoles. Their biologic activities were correlated with the following parameters : (a) the minimal topological difference (describing the fit of the considered molecules with a possible receptor, enzyme or DNA) and (b) the lipophilicity constants. The computed regression equations suggest that the structural requirements for carcinogenicity are different from those responsible for mutagenicity in the Ames test. PMID- 7023727 TI - Study of 106 organic and inorganic compounds in the Salmonella/microsome test. AB - One hundred and six compounds, subdivided into 12 chemical classes (5 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 7 epoxides and N-oxides, 5 nitro aromatics and heterocycles, 12 aromatic and heterocyclic amines, 2 azo compounds, 17 hydrazine derivatives, 16 miscellaneous aliphatics, 5 miscellaneous heterocycles, 11 miscellaneous organics, 11 hexavalent and 7 trivalent chromium compounds, 8 miscellaneous inorganics), were studied in the Salmonella/microsome test. Fifty eight of them (54.7%) were found to be mutagenic and 4 additional compounds (3.8%) yielded a positive response following nitrosation in human gastric juice. The results are presented in a tabulated form, providing the following information for each test compound: (a) mutagenic response in 5 S. typhimurium his- strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, TA100); (b) range of activity for positive compounds or maximum dose tested for negative compounds (in nmol/plate); (c) mutagenic potency (in revertants/nmol compound), varying over a 6.5 x 10(6) fold range; (d) effect of S-9 mix containing rat (Aroclor)liver S-9 fractions on the mutagenic response (activation, increase, no change or decrease); (e) remarks concerning the influence of other metabolic systems (up to 10 different rat tissue S-9 fractions, mouse S-9 fractions, human S-9 fractions, cell preparations or biological fluids), the interaction between different compounds, the stability and the formation of mutagenic derivatives in human gastric juice and other experimental details. Overlapping of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity data was not evaluated, since the experimental protocol intentionally included a number of non-carcinogenic mutagens and of non-mutagenic carcinogens, with the aim of explaining in some cases the conflicting nature of in vivo and in vitro conclusions. PMID- 7023728 TI - Rat liver microsomal azoreductase activity on four azo dyes derived from benzidine, 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine or 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine. AB - The ability of rat liver microsomes from phenobarbitone pretreated animals to reduce the azo groups of amaranth, sunset yellow, congo red, trypan blue, chloramine sky blue FF and direct black 38 was measured spectrophotometrically in vitro. The dyes amaranth and sunset yellow acted as positive controls. Of the dyes derived from benzidine or its congeners, only direct black 38 was reduced to an appreciable extent; the rate of reduction was 10% of that for amaranth. The dyes were tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome assay, the only active compound being direct black 38. Mutagenicity of this dye may be due in part to the mutagen 1,2,4-triaminobenzene. Mutagenic activity and azo-reduction of direct black 38 was independent of the presence of oxygen. The results presented suggest that mammalian liver may play only a minor or negligible role in the azo-reduction of dyes derived from benzidine or its congeners. PMID- 7023729 TI - Promoting effect of Roussin's red identified in pickled vegetables from Linxian China. AB - Roussin's red (dimethylthiotetranitrosodiiron) has been identified as a non alkylating N-nitroso compound present in pickled vegetables from Linxian, a high risk area for oesophageal cancer in China. In vitro experiments showed that Roussin's red had no significant mutagenic and transforming activities at the doses used, but it did enhance transformation in C3H/10TI/2 cells initiated with 3-methylcholanthrene (0.1 microgram/mI) and it decreased the number of sebaceous glands and increased the epidermal thickness in short term skin tests. In this respect Roussin's red resembled 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate and the results indicate that it may be a new naturally-occurring tumour promoter. The in vitro promoting effect of extracts of pickled vegetables that has been previously reported can be explained, at least in part, by the presence of Roussin's red. The possible role of Roussin's red in the aetiology of oesophageal cancer is discussed. PMID- 7023730 TI - Quandtitative correlation among DNA damaging potency of six N-nitroso compounds and their potency in inducing tumor growth an bacterial mutations. AB - Six N-nitroso compounds (N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N nitrosodi-n-propylamine, N-nitroso-N-methylurea, N-nitrosopyrrolidine, and N nitrosodi-n-butylamine) were tested in rats for liver DNA damaging activity by the alkaline elution technique. On molar basis their DNA damaging potency was found to decrease in the above order, and to vary over a 28-fold range. The elaboration of homogenous data available from literature showed that the carcinogenic potency of the 6 N-nitroso compounds varied over an 18-fold range, and that their mutagenic potency varied over a 490-fold range. Regression analysis indicated that correlation between carcinogenic and DNA damaging potencies was positive but at a low significance level, while the correlation between carcinogenic and mutagenic potencies was negative. PMID- 7023731 TI - Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: potent bacterial mutagens and stimulators of DNA repair synthesis in cultured human cells. AB - Ten polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), viz. anthracene pyrene, chrysene, perylene, fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[ghi]perylene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, have been nitrated using concentrated nitric acid and the crude nitrated mixture examined for biological activity. All the nitro PAHs examined were mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium in the absence of a rat liver preparation. Addition of Aroclor-1254 induced liver had little effect on mutagenicity. Mutagenic potency differed for the various nitrated mixtures with nitrated pyrene and nitrated fluoranthene the most potent and nitrated anthracene the least potent. Both frame-shift and base-substitution mutations were induced by the nitrated PAHs. The nitrated PAHs were also able to induce DNA repair synthesis in cultured HeLa cells in the absence of liver, indicating that these cells have the necessary enzymes to activate nitro PAHs. Potency again varied from compound to compound with nitrated pyrene appearing to be the most active. Isolation of individual components from the crude nitrated mixtures has not been carried out in this study. In view of the possible wide spread distribution of nitrated PAHs in the environment further work is required to assess the carcinogenic potency of these compounds which possibly pose a risk to man. PMID- 7023732 TI - Selective induction of microsomal 2-acetylaminofluorene N-hydroxylation by dietary 2-acetylaminofluorene in rats. AB - Inbred male ACI/N rats were treated with an intermittent carcinogenic regimen of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) until the development of hepatomas (40 weeks), and the activation of 2-AAF by liver S-9 and the oxidation of 2-AAF; and 2 other drugs by microsomal functions were periodically examined. The S-9 activity increased at the end of 1 feeding cycle (3 weeks 2-AAF diet and 1 week normal diet), reaching a maximum of 400% of controls after 2 or 3 feedings cycles. It then declined, but the elevated S-9 activity (300 to 250% of controls) was sustained until the development of hyperplastic nodules in the livers. The microsomal oxidation of 2-AAF to N-hydroxy-2-AAF was activated by dietary 2-AAF, but the activity of cytosol (S-105) to produce mutagen from N-hydroxy-2-AAF was not affected. Cytochrome P-450 content and microsomal oxidation of aminopyrine and aniline were gradually decreased below the normal levels by 2-AAF feeding, although microsomal p-hydroxylation of aniline was temporarily elevated to about 130% of control at the first or the second feeding cycle. These results indicate that dietary 2-AAF selectively induces microsomal 2-AAF N-hydroxylase which mediates the oxidation of 2-AAF to N-hydroxy-2-AAF, a proximate carcinogenic or mutagenic metabolite. PMID- 7023733 TI - Review: research on handicapped children: sibling relationships. PMID- 7023734 TI - Aortic prostacyclin release is lowered by superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) shock in pigs. AB - We have previously demonstrated altered platelet reactivity subsequent to splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock in pigs: decreased reactivity, such as might be seen subsequent to submaximal stimulation, was observed in the postrelease period. Prostacyclin (PGI2) formed and released by vessel endothelium may function as a circulating hormone and regulate platelet reactivity by opposing the stimulatory influence of other factors. We have therefore investigated PGI2 release by aortas taken at "death" (systolic blood pressure = 30 mmHg) from pigs subjected to shock induced by a 2-hr occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMAO). This shock is analogous to, but with a longer time course than, SAO shock. Aortas from sham-operated animals (matched for "death" time to the SMAO animals) served as controls. Thoracic aortas were removed, placed in cold 50 mM pH 7.5 tris buffer, cleaned of adhering tissue or clots, cut into rings and suspended in room temperature 50 mM pH 7.5 tris buffer into which PGI2 was released. Aliquots of the latter were quantitated for PGI2 by bioassay using human platelets for which a dose-response relationship for pure, synthetic PGI2 had been established: aliquot PGI2 quantities were determined graphically from the log dose-response (percentage inhibition of aggregation) curves, and converted arithmetically to amount per weight tissue. After 10 min incubation of tissue in buffer, the mean +/- SEM PGI2 for the shock animals (N = 8) was 0.053 +/- 0.02 ng/mg, and for the sham animals (N = 7), 0.174 +/- .06; the P value for t-test of means was 0.083. For 30-min incubation, the mean PGI2 for the shock group was 0.052 +/- 0.02 and for the sham, 0.283 +/- 0.11; the P value was 0.029. Inhibitory activity of the buffer aliquots declined in parallel with authentic PGI2. Thus, the occurrence of SMAO shock resulted in a significant decrease in aortic release of PGI2. Altered platelet reactivity as a consequence of shock, such as demonstrated by us and by others, could thus be in part a result of lowered endothelial release of PGI2, either alone or in combination with the occurrence of activation by other factors. PMID- 7023735 TI - Effect of E coli endotoxin on the leakage of 14C-sucrose from phosphatidylcholine liposomes. AB - The effect of E coli endotoxin on the leakage of 14C-sucrose from phosphatidylcholine liposomes in the absence or presence of Ca2+ was studied. Endotoxin decreased the leakage from liposomes from 27% to 4% in 5 hr when Ca2+ (1 mM) was incorporated into liposomes during sonication. The effect of endotoxin on the leakiness of liposomes was concentration dependent. Ca2+ alone increased the leakage of 14C-sucrose from liposomes. Mg2+ at concentrations higher than 5 mM exhibited an effect similar to that of Ca2+. These findings suggest that endotoxin increases the molecular packing of phosphatidylcholine bilayers in the presence of Ca2+ or Mg2+. A change in the physical state of membrane lipid bilayers induced by endotoxin may affect the function of biological membranes. PMID- 7023736 TI - In vivo skeletal muscle insulin resistance during E coli endotoxin shock in the dog. AB - The ability of insulin to promote glucose diffusion into skeletal muscle before and during gram-negative endotoxin shock was studied in mongrel dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. The in vivo, isolated, innervated, constant-flow perfused gracilis muscle preparation was used. Prior to shock induction, close intraarterial insulin infusion resulted in a 320% increase in muscle glucose uptake. However, at one, two, and three hours of endotoxin shock, gracilis muscle glucose uptake was unaltered by insulin infusion. This loss of responsiveness to insulin occurred with no alteration in gracilis muscle oxygen uptake, muscle venous PO2, or muscle blood flow. During control experiments, however, the muscle response to intraarterial infusion of insulin (increased glucose uptake) was unaltered during the three-hour control period. These data demonstrate that skeletal muscle insulin resistance develops early and is maintained during three hours of endotoxin shock in the dog. PMID- 7023737 TI - Augmented venous return: a model of left ventricular afterload reduction during the course of endotoxin shock. AB - Utilizing a canine model of endotoxin shock (E coli, 4 mg/kg, B6:026) the major determinants of cardiac output (preload, afterload, contractility, and heart rate) were simultaneously followed for 5 hr in four study groups: Group I: time matched controls, Group II: endotoxin shock, Group III: endotoxin shock and femoral-femoral A-V shunt, and Group IV: A-V shunt control. Groups II and III demonstrated an initial, abrupt increase in total peripheral resistance (TPR), coronary vascular resistance (CVR), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and a decrease in cardiac output (CO), coronary flow (CF) and heart rate (HR) and stroke work (P less than 0.05). Group II then demonstrated a decrease in TPR, CVR, PVR with an increase in CO and CF but systemic arterial pressure did not return to control values. At approximately 3 hr, Group II developed a progressive increase in TPR, CVR, and PVR, and a decrease in CO, CF, and SW. Heart rate did not change. In contrast, at 3 hr Group III demonstrated no significant increase in TPR, CVR, or PVR, a progressive increase of CO and CF, and preservation of SW. It is hypothesized that endotoxin shock is characterized by an initial phase characterized by an increase in resistance and decrease in flow that is not affected by an augmented venous return. However, in the intermediate and latter stages of shock, there is a progressive increase in resistance and decrease in flow, increasing impedance to left ventricular ejection that results in an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, contributing to the observed myocardial failure. An augmented venous return, by decreasing resistance (afterload) and increasing venous return (preload) preserves cardiac output and myocardial function and thus serves as a model of left ventricular afterload reduction during the course of endotoxin shock. PMID- 7023738 TI - A comparison of the cardiovascular, renal, and coronary effects of dopamine and monensin in endotoxic shock. AB - The present investigation was carried out in anesthetized dogs to compare the cardiovascular effects of dopamine and monensin, a carboxylic ionophore, in normal and E coli endotoxin-induced shock conditions. In control animals, monensin increased cardiac contractility, cardiac output, systemic blood pressure, and coronary blood flow in a dose-dependent manner, but had little or no effect on heart rate. However, unlike dopamine, which selectively increased renal blood flow, monensin did not affect renal blood flow in doses that produced a maximal increase in coronary blood flow or other hemodynamic effects. The duration of action of monensin was longer than 2 hr. Both dopamine and monensin reversed the cardiac depression and hypotension produced by E coli endotoxin, and in these experiments also, the duration of action of monensin was longer than 2 hr. Regional blood flow measurements with the radioactive microsphere (15 mu) technique demonstrated a marked decrease in organ blood flows at 60 min postendotoxin, but some recovery was observed at 90 min. In the left ventricle, reduction of flow to the endocardial region was greater than to the epicardium. In dogs with endotoxic shock, monensin produced a significant increase in organ blood flows towards or even above control values. PMID- 7023739 TI - Reticuloendothelial system depression with hemolyzed blood and susceptibility to endotoxin shock and thermal injury. AB - The present study was carried out to determine if the reticuloendothelial system (RES) depression induced by the injection of hemolyzed blood and components of hemolyzed blood was associated with an increase in susceptibility to endotoxin shock and thermal injury. Hemolyzed blood and the particulate stroma fraction, but not the soluble supernatant fraction of hemolyzed blood, depressed RES phagocytic function at a dose of 0.3 ml/100g in rats. Hemolyzed washed red blood cells (RBC) and hemolyzed RBC stroma also depressed RES function. Susceptibility to endotoxin shock was increased by hemolyzed blood and the fractions of hemolyzed blood that depressed RES function. However, susceptibility to thermal injury was increased only by large doses of hemolyzed RBC stroma. These findings suggest that the hemolysis associated with thermal injury may induce RES depression and increase susceptibility to endotoxin shock. PMID- 7023740 TI - Paradoxical rise in left ventricular filling pressure in the dog during positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation. A reversed Bernheim effect. AB - Controversy exists whether positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation lowers cardiac output by reducing left ventricular preload, or by a combination of mechanisms. Sixteen open-chest dogs were instrumented for measurement of left and right ventricular pressure, aortic flow, and left ventricular dimensions. With the pericardium intact, PEEP caused the interventricular septum to bulge toward the left ventricular chamber, increased right and left ventricular end diastolic pressures, but decreased the average of the three left ventricular dimensions. When right ventricular filling pressure was suddenly reduced, the interventricular septum moved back toward the right ventricle, and left ventricular filling pressure fell. With the pericardium removed, PEEP was associated with a decrease in all three left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions but no significant change in left ventricular filling pressure. Although several indices of contractility were decreased during PEEP, all returned to baseline values when left ventricular preload was normalized during PEEP by a rapid infusion of heparinized blood into the left atrium. In conclusion, PEEP decreases preload and significantly alters the shape and compliance of the left ventricle with the pericardium intact. With the pericardium removed, PEEP produces proportional decreased in major and minor axis dimensions, does not appear to affect left ventricular contractility independent of preload, and alters left ventricular compliance to only a small degree. PMID- 7023741 TI - Ventricular wall stress. PMID- 7023742 TI - Are clinical trials in coronary heart disease oversold or undersold? AB - Randomized clinical trials constitute the formal experiments in therapeutics. Many such trials in coronary heart disease have terminated inconclusively or in controversy. In this editorial, we analyze some of the methodologic issues that may lead to controversy; the main reason for the low success rate may lie in insufficient understanding of the complex biology of the disease and in failure to select the appropriate models for therapy. We argue that these difficulties only strengthen the need for the rigorous experimental approach to the evaluation of therapies for coronary heart disease. PMID- 7023743 TI - The randomized clinical trial: bias in analysis. AB - The realization that bias in patient selection may influence the results of clinical studies has helped to establish the randomized controlled clinical trial in medical research. However, bias can be equally important at other stages of a trial, especially at the time of analysis. Withdrawing patients from consideration in the analysis because of ineligibility on account of study entry criteria, lack of compliance to the protocol, or data of poor quality may be a source of systematic error. Examples to illustrate the possible consequences are taken from trials in the cardiovascular field. We recommended that reported study results should include outcome data from all subjects randomized in the group to which they were originally assigned. PMID- 7023744 TI - Comparison of prazosin with hydralazine in patients receiving hydrochlorothiazide. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial. AB - The antihypertensive efficacy and the incidence of side effects of prazosin and hydralazine were compared in a randomized, double-blind trial in 232 adult male hypertensives who could not be controlled with hydrochlorothiazide alone. There were no significant differences between regimens in the percentage of patients who attained goal blood pressure (reduction of diastolic blood pressure to below 90 mm Hg and at least 5 mm less than the baseline randomization pressure), effect on pulse rate or the incidence or reasons for terminations. Absolute reduction of blood pressure was similar for both drugs except for sitting systolic pressure at 3 and 6 months, when prazosin effected a 3.7- and 3.6-mm Hg greater response (p less than 0.05). Orthostatic dizziness (p less than 0.005), sexual dysfunction (p less than 0.02), and nightmares (p less than 0.02) were more frequent with prazosin than with hydralazine; nevertheless, patient compliance was similar for both drugs. An unexpected finding was the lack of pulse rate increase associated with hydralazine, particularly in older patients. PMID- 7023745 TI - Attenuation of the stress response to cardiopulmonary bypass by the addition of pulsatile flow. AB - The effect of pulsatile flow during cardiopulmonary bypass on the hormonal stress response was studied in 26 patients. Thirteen had routine and 13 had pulsatile bypass with an average pulse pressure of 30 mm Hg. Plasma vasopressin levels were significantly elevated during bypass in both groups, but were lower with pulsation (66 +/- 11 vs 36.3 pg/ml, p less than 0.05). Epinephrine levels increased in both groups during bypass, but were higher after bypass (1179 +/- 448 vs 713 +/- 140 pg/ml, p less than 0.05) and in the recovery room (1428 +/- 428 vs 699 +/- 155 pg/ml, p less than 0.05) in the nonpulsatile group. The same response was noted in the norepinephrine levels (924 +/- 225 vs 465 +/- 90 pg/ml, p less than 0.05; 1015 +/- 491 vs 717 +/- 112 pg/ml, p less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in renin activity in either group, but the increase after cardiopulmonary bypass was greater in the nonpulsatile group (2.0 +/- 0.7 vs 1.36 +/- 0.4 ng/ml/hr, NS). These data suggest that pulsatile flow significantly attenuates the vasopressin and catecholamine stress response to cardiopulmonary bypass. This may explain the increased flow requirements and better tissue perfusion and organ function and the decreased incidence of postoperative hypertension after bypass using pulsatile flow. PMID- 7023746 TI - "Polymyositis"-like syndrome resulting from hypothyroidism in a patient with a nodular lymphoma. PMID- 7023747 TI - Two-dimensional analysis of human lymphocyte proteins: I. An assay for lymphocyte effectors. AB - We describe an assay for lymphocyte effectors that is capable of establishing the existence of regulators of lymphocyte gene expression (including post transcriptional control and protein processing) and has the ability to characterize the response at the molecular level. The hypothesis that circulating effectors substances excreted through the kidney can be actively present in human urine was tested with this assay. Thus, biologically active protein molecules in urine were detected at concentrations of less than 1 mg/L and over a wide range of dilutions. Activities were detected and quantitated by culturing human lymphocytes with human urinary proteins in the presence of [35S]methionine and subsequently analyzing the labeled lymphocyte proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Thus, protein analysis by two-dimensional gels was used to indirectly detect changes produced in cultured lymphocytes after exposure to regulatory molecules. Proteins or sets of lymphocyte proteins appeared or disappeared after exposure to normal or pathological human urinary proteins. Normal human urinary proteins triggered the appearance of sets of proteins referred to by number as the "Urocon" proteins and suppressed the synthesis of protein sets referred to as "Urocof" proteins. In addition to the normal alterations described, urinary proteins from individuals with influenza or acute leukemia and after renal transplantation were capable of inducing unique alterations in lymphocyte patterns. PMID- 7023748 TI - Enzyme immunoassay of antibodies to Sjogren's syndrome B antigen. AB - I describe a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay of IgG-IgA-, and IgM-type antibodies to Sjogren's syndrome B antigen. Polystyrene tubes are coated with the purified antigen. The antibodies are allowed to bind with their antigens, and then detected with alkaline-phosphatase-conjugated anti-human IgG, IgA, or IgM sera. The amount of alkaline phosphatase fixed to the tubes is determined in pH 10.0 diethanolamine buffer at 37 degrees C with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. The absorbance of the p-nitrophenolate ion liberated in 1 h at 37 degrees C is measured at 406 nm. When rheumatoid factor is present, the values obtained for IgG antibodies are too low, and those for IgM antibodies are too high. PMID- 7023749 TI - 14C-labeled proteins as markers for gradient analysis of steroid-hormone receptors. AB - Two useful [14C]marker proteins--[14C]human serum albumin (4.6S) and [14C]glucose oxidase (7.9S)--can be simply prepared. Both may be used as molecular-mass standards in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as sucrose density-gradient centrifugation. The utility of these markers for estrogen receptor studies was investigated under a variety of conditions, to ensure that they do not interfere with current assay procedures. Their use as internal markers allows more samples to be analyzed per rotor, a significant factor because each centrifugation run requires 16 h and two bucket spaces for each sample assayed; improves accuracy and overall quality control by eliminating any problems resulting from variations among individual gradients; and facilitates evaluation of changes in gradient profiles, which may provide clinically and biochemically relevant information concerning the microheterogeneity of estrogen receptors. PMID- 7023750 TI - Two-site immunoenzymometric assay for thyrotropin in dried blood samples on filter paper. AB - We describe a sensitive, simple, and rapid two-site immunoenzymometric assay for thyrotropin in dried blood samples on filter paper, for use in screening for neonatal primary hypothyroidism. In this method, two dried-blood spots of 3 mm diameter (equivalent to about 5.4 microliter of blood) are incubated overnight with anti-thyrotropin-beta-D-galactosidase complex in an anti-thyrotropin coated tube. Then the enzyme activity in the washed tube is determined fluorophotometrically. The range of thyrotropin measurable is 10 to 160 milli int. units/L blood. Values for thyrotropin in dried blood samples determined by this method and those determined by radioimmunoassay correlated highly (r = 0.96). PMID- 7023751 TI - Enzyme immunoassay of gentamicin with use of a centrifugal analyzer. AB - Gentamicin was determined in serum by the homogeneous enzyme immunoassay system (EMIT) adapted to the Multistat centrifugal analyzer. The standard curve can be extended to 16 mg/L; however, poor precision is obtained at concentrations greater than 10 mg/L because a small difference in change in absorbance there will produce a significant variation in gentamicin concentration. For example, the within-run precision of the method (CV) was 3.4% for a 5.0 mg/L sample (range 4.6--5.4 mg/L) and 11.1% for a 12.2 mg/L sample (range 10.4--15.4 mg/L). We recommend that all samples containing gentamicin at concentrations exceeding 10 mg/L be diluted with Tris buffer. Recovery of gentamicin added to four serum specimens averaged 102%. There is no interference from bilirubin at concentrations up to 200 mg/L or from moderately lipemic samples. Hemoglobin in serum in excess of 625 mg/L results in lower gentamicin values. Gentamicin is stable for six days in serum stored at 23, 4, or -20 degrees C. Comparison of gentamicin results by the proposed method with those by a manual EMIT procedure, and with those by a homogeneous fluorescence immunoassay method gave correlation coefficients of 0.986 and 0.947. PMID- 7023753 TI - Leonard Tucker Skeggs--a multifaceted diamond. PMID- 7023752 TI - Hyperlabile diabetes accompanied by insulin resistance. AB - It is generally held that high insulin antibody concentrations, by "buffering" abrupt swings in free insulin concentrations after injections of exogenous insulin, tend to stabilize blood glucose variations in diabetic patients. However, we encountered a patient with extremely labile diabetes coexisting with insulin resistance. This patient's injections were switched to pure porcine insulin from his usual mixed bovine/porcine insulin, in an effort to decrease his insulin requirement. This treatment was successful, and, as his insulin dosage decreased, his diabetic lability diminished substantially. His diabetes was eventually considered stabilized on about 22 units of porcine insulin daily. The serial decrease in his insulin antibody concentrations, monitored by use of solid phase radioimmunoassay, paralleled the disappearance of his diabetic lability as well as the decrease in his insulin requirement. PMID- 7023754 TI - Usefulness of the co-twin control design in investigations as exemplified in a study of effects of ascorbic acid on laboratory test results. PMID- 7023755 TI - Chloral hydrate interferes with radioassay of vitamin B12. PMID- 7023756 TI - [Porcine and bovine proinsulin-like immunoreactivity in several insulin preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023757 TI - [Measurement of PRA by phadebas angiotensin I test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7023758 TI - Autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance of Caffey disease (infantile cortical hyperostosis). PMID- 7023759 TI - The pathogenesis of mycosis fungoides. PMID- 7023760 TI - Recent advances in the understanding of cutaneous lymphoma. PMID- 7023761 TI - Prognostic significance of immunological tests in lung cancer. AB - We performed a battery of tests on peripheral blood samples from 94 patients with lung cancer to determine the extent to which immunological depression was due to abnormal lymphocyte function, as compared to changes in the number of lymphoid cells in the peripheral blood or in the efficiency of purification of cells in Ficoll-Hypaque gradients in preparation for testing. The percentage of lymphocytes in the gradient-derived cell suspension (%LG) was the most informative test. It decreased significantly with advancing stage of cancer and could predict survival of patients with uniform stage. The %LG correlated with survival better than any other test when multivariate analyses of all test combinations were performed. Low values of %LG reflected both the depressed lymphocyte counts and the altered buoyant density of the leucocytes of many patients with advanced cancer. A large proportion of the depression in other immune function tests was statistically attributed to changes in %LG. We concluded that this simple measurement provides valuable information about patients with lung cancer. PMID- 7023762 TI - A radioimmunoassay for serum and gingival crevicular fluid antibodies to a purified protein of Streptococcus mutans. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was developed to measure serum IgG antibodies to a purified protein antigen I/II prepared from Streptococcus mutans. The assay was specific to this antigen and significant binding of 125I-radiolabelled antiserum was found only in sera from rhesus monkeys immunized with the antigen I/II but not in sham-immunized monkeys or those immunized with streptococcal antigen III. A very significant correlation was found in serum IgG antibodies tested by the radioimmunoassay and an immunofluorescent technique (r = 0.88, P less than 0.001). The sensitivity of the double-layer radioimmunoassay was increased 10 times by the addition of a third antibody layer and this enabled gingival crevicular fluid antibodies to be measured. Comparison of paired samples of serum and crevicular fluid revealed a very significant correlation between IgG antibodies to streptococcal antigen I/II in the the two fluids (P less than 0.001). These findings suggest that serum antibodies can reach the tooth surface via gingival crevicular fluid. PMID- 7023763 TI - The influence of therapy with azathioprine and prednisone on the immune system of kidney transplant recipients. PMID- 7023764 TI - Stimulatory effects on various immunologic responses by ascites fluids from patients with metastatic malignancy. PMID- 7023765 TI - Variability of anti-GBM binding in hereditary nephritis. AB - Anti-GBM staining by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy was performed on renal biopsies from 64 patients with a variety of diseases in which no in vivo bound immunoglobulin or complement components were identified by direct immunofluorescence microscopy. The glomeruli of all of the entities examined bound anti-GBM antibodies except for four of nine cases of hereditary nephritis of the Alport-type. The absence of anti-GBM staining was found to correlate with the severity of GBM splitting identified by electron microscopy. PMID- 7023766 TI - Thyroid function in chronic renal failure after successful renal transplantation. AB - Chronic renal failure is associated with a variety of thyroid function abnormalities. Information on thyroid function in patients with chronic renal failure after successful renal transplantation is limited. We studied thyroid function in 13 such patients and found that serum TT3 in the transplant group (136 +/- 30 ng/ml) was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than the TT3 in the control group (112 +/- 29 ng/ml). All patients were clinically euthyroid and had normal serum TT4, FT4, FT3, TSH, and TBG levels and a normal T3 resin uptake. The pathogenesis of the observed increased TT3 in these patients is not clear. PMID- 7023767 TI - Membranous glomerulonephritis in transplant kidneys: recurrent or de novo disease in four patients. AB - Membranous glomerulonephritis in the graft is a uncommon complication of renal transplantation. In the 4 cases we describe, one patient had recurrence of his original disease, but in the other 3 it arose de novo after allografting for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, cystinuria or secondary amyloidosis. The lesion was accompanied by mesangial changes of lesser degree and by chronic rejection, and it resulted in accelerated loss of graft function. Transmission of host disease to the graft is more likely to occur in patients whose original membranous lesion progressed to renal failure relatively rapidly, while in de novo cases, the antecedent host disease seems often to have been focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Allograft membranous glomerulonephritis may be less rare than hitherto supposed. PMID- 7023768 TI - The role of diet in the pathogenesis and control of hyperlipidemia after renal transplantation. AB - Twenty-one Caucasian renal transplant recipients with hyperlipidemia and normal renal function were assessed with regard to their diet. Their average daily intake of energy and cholesterol was lower and the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat higher in their diet than in that of a comparable urban Caucasian South African population. Nevertheless modification of their diets in one year produced a significant lowering of their body weight and a statistically significant drop in the mean plasma cholesterol (9.2 +/- 0.5 mmoles/l to 7.6 +/- 0.5 mmoles/l, P less than 0.05). Although the fall in plasma triglyceride in the group as a whole was not statistically significant (3.8 +/- 0.6 mmoles/l to 3.2 +/- 0.5 mmoles/l) the level did decrease substantially in 13 of the 21 patients (4.2 +/- 0.9 mmoles/l to 2.5 +/- 0.5 mmoles/l, P less than 0.01). It is suggested that diet has a definite role in the control of post-transplant hyperlipidemia but should probably be introduced immediately after immunosuppression is started and be coupled with a suitable exercise program for optimal effect. PMID- 7023769 TI - Reduction of post-transplant proteinuria due to recurrent mesangial proliferative (IgM) glomerulonephritis following plasma exchange. AB - A patient developed recurrent IgM proliferative glomerulonephritis and a nephrotic syndrome following HLA-identical living donor renal transplantation. Two intensive five-day courses of plasma exchange were followed by sustained reduction of proteinuria. Renal function has remained normal at all times. Immune complex sizing revealed a high titer of middle range complexes (mol. wt. 1 x 10(6) daltons app.); immune complex clearance following an antigen load was not improved by plasma exchange suggesting no alteration of reticulo-endothelial function. Possible mechanisms of benefit are discussed. PMID- 7023770 TI - Effects of exercise on plasma viscosity in athletes and sedentary normal subjects. AB - To assess the immediate and long-term effects of exercise on factors regulating blood flow, we measured plasma viscosity (eta p) and plasma renin activity (PRA) in 17 trained runners and 16 sedentary healthy subjects before and 10 min after graded treadmill exercise. Resting eta p was lower in runners primarily because of significantly lower fibrinogen concentration. Compared to nonrunners with similar 24-h urine electrolyte excretion rates, runners were characterized by lower PRA at rest. In view of the overall correlation between heart rate and PRA before exercise, reduced adrenergic tone was probably a major factor contributing to the lower PRA in runners. After exercise, plasma viscosity and PRA exceeded control levels, and were similar in magnitude in runners and sedentary subjects. Changes in plasma viscosity were less than expected from the degree of hemoconcentration, primarily because enhanced fibrinolysis maintained fibrinogen level constant. To the extent that plasma viscosity affects viscous flow resistance, the results suggest that tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery rate at rest are greater in trained runners than in sedentary subjects, but these variables become similar after maximum exertion. PMID- 7023771 TI - Results of bone grafts in the treatment of tibial fractures. AB - In a retrospective study of 19 patients treated with bone grafts of the tibia, nine had ankle symptoms. Eight of the nine had synostoses between the tibia and fibula. Inasmuch as a synostosis is prone to develop after a posterolateral graft, this procedure should be used only when there is an unsatisfactory skin cover for the anterior surface of the tibia. PMID- 7023772 TI - Operative treatment of osteochondritis dissecans in situ by retrograde drilling and cancellous bone graft: a preliminary report. AB - Four cases of osteochondritis dissecans, three of the knee and one of the talus in situ (prior to loosening of the fragment from its host bone) were successfully treated with modified drilling and bone grafting procedure. The procedure consists of retrograde insertion of a small guide pin through the radiolucent zone and osteochondral fragment to the subchondral bone, retrograde reaming of bone across the radiolucent zone into the osteochondral fragment with a bone biopsy needle, and cancellous bone grafting between the osteochondral fragment and the host bone. All lesions were found to be healed after more than six months' follow-up. Three patients had complete relief and the fourth had significant improvement of symptoms. PMID- 7023773 TI - Avascular bone necrosis in the renal transplant patient: a discriminant analysis of 144 cases. AB - The purpose of this study was to seek ways of reducing the risk of avascular necrosis by examining certain potentially predisposing factors in the renal transplant patient. A group of 19 recipients who had avascular necrosis were compared with 125 recipients wo did not have this complication as reflected in the clinical factors, immunosuppressive therapy, and various biochemical parameters during the first year after the transplant operation. The serum phosphorus level two months postoperation was significantly lower in the group with avascular necrosis (p less than 0.01). Discriminant analysis showed that recipients who had hypophosphatemia at this time, who were older and who displayed slower normalization of the renal function were more likely to develop avascular necrosis. There were no differences in the individual steroid dose, but it is reasonable to assume that a general dose reduction would reduce the risk of avascular necrosis. A low serum phosphorus level during the interval after transplantation, when secondary hyperparathyroidism is still present, may be a predisposing factor. Attempts to avoid hypophosphatemia are recommended, either by replacing phosphate-depleting antacids by agents with a smaller phosphate binding capacity, or by supplementing the supply of phosphate. PMID- 7023774 TI - Muscle-pedicle bone graft and cancellous bone graft for the "silent hip" of idiopathic ischemic necrosis of the femoral head in adults. AB - Ten adult patients with the "silent hip lesion" of idiopathic ischemic necrosis of the femoral head were treated by the muscle-pedicle bone and cancellous bone graft procedure. They were followed postoperatively for 24 to 61 months (mean 42.4 months). Seven patients have remained asymptomatic, showing progressive healing of the hip lesions. Three patients were found to have failure as observed by collapsed femoral head or appearance of "crescent sign" in roentgenograms. Histologic sections of a collapsed femoral head revealed satisfactory incorporation of grafts into the surrounding bone of the femoral head and replacement of osteonecrotic bone extending from the muscle-pedicle graft to subchondral plate. The surgical procedure consisting of curettage of necrotic bone with a cancellous bone and muscle-pedicle bone graft can provide good results for Stages 1 and 2 of the idiopathic ischemic necrosis for an average follow-up of 3 1/2 years. PMID- 7023775 TI - Legg-Calve-Perthes syndrome. AB - A review of the etiology, pathology, natural history, clinical signs, radiologic features and treatment of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease suggests the concept of the "head at risk." This concept takes into account factors for and against operative and conservative treatment by splintage. In the older child, the objectives and principles of treatment are best achieved by operative treatment. PMID- 7023776 TI - The Classic: concerning arthritis deformans juvenilis. Professor Georg C. Perthes. PMID- 7023777 TI - Biography of Frank Henderson Mayfield, M.D. PMID- 7023778 TI - Reflections on the surgery of the pituitary. PMID- 7023779 TI - Functional pituitary tumors. The neurosurgeon and neuroendocrinology. PMID- 7023780 TI - Failed neck syndrome: an ounce of prevention. PMID- 7023781 TI - Hyperfunctional pituitary tumors: pre- and postoperative management considerations. PMID- 7023782 TI - The application of anatomy and pathophysiology in the management of lumbar spine disease. PMID- 7023783 TI - Spinal instability: orthopedic perspective and prevention. PMID- 7023784 TI - Unstable thoracic fractures: treatment alternatives and the role of the neurosurgeon. PMID- 7023785 TI - Alpha particles versus conventional radiotherapy to the pituitary region: a comparison of risk-benefit. PMID- 7023786 TI - Management of hypersecretory pituitary adenomas. PMID- 7023787 TI - Infant feeding through the ages. PMID- 7023789 TI - Maternal renal disease: effect on the fetus. PMID- 7023788 TI - Perinatal metabolism of vitamin D: transition from fetal to neonatal life. PMID- 7023790 TI - The ontogeny of the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 7023792 TI - Secondary repair of burned hands. PMID- 7023791 TI - Effect of antacids on the bioavailability of diflunisal in the fasting and postprandial states. AB - Diflunisal is long-acting salicylate derivative. We examined the effect of single concomitant doses of three antacids on diflunisal bioavailability under fasting or fed conditions (30 min after finishing a standard meal). With the use of an open, randomized, and balanced design, one 250-mg diflunisal tablet was given to each of 12 healthy men under six conditions: fasted, no antacid; fed, no antacid; fasted, 15 ml of aluminum hydroxide gel; fed, 15 ml of aluminum hydroxide gel; fasted, 10 ml magnesium hydroxide suspension; and fed, 15 ml of an aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide mixture. Diflunisal plasma 0- to 48-hr area uiven to each of 12 healthy men under six conditions: fasted, no antacid; fed, no antacid; fasted, 15 ml of aluminum hydroxide gel; fed, 15 ml of aluminum hydroxide gel; fasted, 10 ml magnesium hydroxide suspension; and fed, 15 ml of an aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide mixture. Diflunisal plasma 0- to 48-hr area uiven to each of 12 healthy men under six conditions: fasted, no antacid; fed, no antacid; fasted, 15 ml of aluminum hydroxide gel; fed, 15 ml of aluminum hydroxide gel; fasted, 10 ml magnesium hydroxide suspension; and fed, 15 ml of an aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide mixture. Diflunisal plasma 0- to 48-hr area under the time curve (AUC), peak plasma concentrations, and 0-to 96-hr urinary excretion were determined. Food (alone) decreased peak plasma concentrations by 16% (P less than 0.05) but did not affect AUC or urinary excretion. Under fasting conditions, aluminum hydroxide reduced AUC by 26% (P less than 0.01), peak plasma concentrations by 46% (P less than 0.01), and urinary excretion by 14% (P less than 0.05). Magenisuum hydroxide suspension (in the fasting state) increased the early plasma concentrations (by 130% at 0.5 hr and 64% at 1 hr, P less than 0.05) and increased AUC by 10% (P less than 0.05) but had no effect on urinary excretion. In the fed state neither aluminum hydroxide nor the aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide mixture had any detectable effect. PMID- 7023793 TI - Current concepts of nerve repair. PMID- 7023794 TI - Aesthetic aspects of partial nasal reconstruction. AB - The author's experience with reconstruction of acquired defects of the nasal lobule is presented and documented by two clinical case reports. The first patient exemplifies the conceptual approach to alar reconstruction, which consists of constructing all the elements of the forehead prior to transfer. This technique not only preserves aesthetic detail, but the reconstruction may be done in a minimum number of stages. The second case study illustrates reconstitution of the nasal tip, with emphasis on achieving a delicately curved, soft triangle area. This was accomplished by use of the gradual contracture of a split thickness skin graft and a raw surface at the edge of the nasal alae. PMID- 7023795 TI - Resurfacing the burned face. AB - Facial burns cause deformities through the permanent effects of wound contracture and scar hypertrophy; they are related to the depth of the burn. The depth of an acute burn can be accurately ascertained only by observation over a period of time. Facial skin burns that do not heal by three weeks are subject to increasingly permanent deformity with the passage of time. The best defense against wound contraction and hypertrophic scar is early and complete wound closure. Early and late grafting must be completely successful in "take" to avoid unsightly irregular scarring; therefore, the receptor bed must be meticulously prepared for optimal take. Both early and late grafts are patches that flatten normal contour. However, if the skin graft conforms to a position in the facial mosaic (aesthetic unit of the face), or some subunit that is harmonious with normal facial lines, the patch of proper color can give a more aesthetic result. Nonreproducible anatomical structures such as the margins of the lids, lips, and nostrils should be preserved whenever found to be normal or only partially destroyed. To minimize the distorting effects of wound contracture, pressure therapy of the face and neck, as well as the positional splinting of the neck, must be maintained for many months following grafting and epithelialization until the deleterious wound forces abate. Burns of mobile structures, such as lids and lips, do not lend themselves to control by pressure, and frequently must be managed secondarily by first totally removing scarred tissues and then applying thick skin grafts of the best color match. PMID- 7023796 TI - Aesthetic aspects of bone grafting to the face. PMID- 7023798 TI - Chemotherapy in the management of stage III/IV grade 1 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (Report no 17). AB - This report describes two comparisons of combination chemotherapy (COP) with chlorambucil in the management of Stages III, IV Grade 1 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The first prospective randomised study was carried out by the BNLI between 1974 and 1976. In 1976, initial analyses of 90 assessable patients indicated that COP was more effective than chlorambucil but it was considered by the BNLI collaborators that chlorambucil should not be discarded because it was not much more acceptable to both patients and doctors. Long-term follow-up of this early trial indicated that the decision not to give up chlorambucil was justified. Examination of the results in 1980, which included 130 assessable cases, showed identical recurrence-free survival rates in the two groups. In the second study starting in 1977, the initial comparison was between chlorambucil and COP, but if progressive improvement was not achieved by three months the patient was regarded as a non-responder and switched to the other arm. Patients were also drawn for maintenance (with chlorambucil) or not at the time for entry into the trial. Analysis of the first 180 patients show similar complete remission rates, actuarial survival rates and recurrence-free survival rates. There seems no advantage in using COP as first-line treatment rather than single agent chlorambucil, provided that non-responders are treated subsequently with combination chemotherapy. PMID- 7023797 TI - Histopathology of large cell lymphomas (Report no 9). AB - The purpose of this communication is to discuss and illustrate the different microscopical features of members of this important group of large cell lymphomas and to give some indication of prognosis in relation to histopathology. The diffuse large cell lymphoma is a heterogeneous category of tumour previously designated reticulum cell sarcoma in traditional classifications, and 'histiocytic' by Rappaport. The majority are, however, large lymphoid cell tumours which on the basis of their light microscopic anatomy may be subdivided into those of follicle centre (B-lymphocytic) origin, immunoblastic type of either B- or T-lymphocytic origin, and 'undifferentiated'--meaning that although acceptable as lymphoid in nature at light microscopical level there are no further distinguishing features. Plasma cell (extramedullary) lymphomas are separately categorised. A smaller but significant minority group are of histiocytic (mononuclear phagocytic) derivation. Rarely tumours are encountered involving peripheral lymphoreticular tissue but which are derived from other cell types indigenous to the lymphoreticular and mononuclear and phagocytic system. PMID- 7023799 TI - Complications of phlebography: a randomised comparison between an ionic and a non ionic contrast medium. AB - A high frequency of thrombotic complications of phlebography with conventional ionic contrast media has recently been reported by several writers. A switch to expensive non-ionic media has been recommended. Such a switch would undoubtedly place great restrictions on the use of this valuable procedure. In this prospective study two types of contrast media were compared. Only patients undergoing phlebography prior to operation for varicose veins and with no history of thrombotic disease were included. Post-phlebographic observations were made by microscopy of surgically removed vein specimens and by plethysmography. No significant difference emerged between the two groups of patients as regards thrombotic complications. A disadvantage of ionic media is their higher rate of immediate side-effects, such as pain. These effects, however, are clinically less important than the thrombotic complications, and they can be reduced by good phlebographic technique. In the authors' opinion, phlebography with ionic media remains justifiable, provided that the examination time is short and the dose and concentration of contrast medium are low. PMID- 7023800 TI - [Pathogenesis and therapy of nitrogen catabolism disorders: hyperazotemia versus hyperammonemia versus hyperuricemia]. PMID- 7023802 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium: principles of diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7023801 TI - [Colonic diseases caused by antibiotics: review of the literature and personal cases]. PMID- 7023803 TI - [2 cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation in P. falciparum malaria: clinical and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 7023804 TI - [Acute drug-induced extrapyramidal syndrome: case studies of a decade at the autonomous toxicology department of the Arcispedale]. PMID- 7023805 TI - [Influence of pentoxifylline on glycometabolic balance in diabetic subjects]. PMID- 7023806 TI - [The polymyositis-dermatomyositis complex: current studies of the etiopathogenesis and notes on therapy]. PMID- 7023807 TI - Mass intoxication from accidental overfluoridation of drinking water. PMID- 7023808 TI - Lack of nephrotoxicity of intravenous dimethylsulfoxide. AB - Intravenous dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was used to treat seven patients with stable spinal cord injuries. Because of drug-associated hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria, the patients were studied for subtle evidence of renal tubular dysfunction by serial measurements of urinary beta-2-microglobulin excretion. No increases in tubular protein excretion or decreases in glomerular filtration rate were observed following short-term infusions of 10-40% DMSO. It is concluded that there is no significant short-term nephrotoxicity from intravenous DMSO. PMID- 7023809 TI - Benzodiazepine structure versus reactivity with EMIT oxazepam antibody. PMID- 7023810 TI - The diagnostic value of pulmonary sounds: a preliminary study by computer-aided analysis. PMID- 7023811 TI - Differential diagnosis by weighting characteristic signs of two diseases. PMID- 7023812 TI - Thrombolytic therapy in thrombosis. PMID- 7023813 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. PMID- 7023814 TI - Cervical cancer screening: the Pap smear. PMID- 7023815 TI - Endoscopy in upper GI bleeding. PMID- 7023816 TI - Cesarean childbirth. PMID- 7023817 TI - CEA as a cancer marker. PMID- 7023818 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery: scientific and clinical aspects. PMID- 7023819 TI - Febrile seizures. PMID- 7023820 TI - A summer's reading: Virginia Woolf and her granddaughters. PMID- 7023821 TI - A leader in psychiatry--Carol Nadelson, M.D. PMID- 7023822 TI - Effect of IUD on urokinase-like immunoreactivity and plasminogen activators in human uterine fluid. AB - The coexistence of two types of plasminogen activators in human uterine fluid was demonstrated. Immunologically, one was urokinase-like and the other tissue activator-like. Both activators contributed to the fibrinolytic activity of uterine fluid. Urokinase-like immunoreactivity decreased from the proliferative phase to the luteal phase and increased premenstrually. The increase in fibrinolytic activity premenstrually was ascribed mainly to an increase in concentration of the urokinase-like plasminogen activator. A much higher urokinase-like immunoreactivity was found in the uterine fluid from IUD-users than from non-users. The fibrinolytic activity of the uterine fluid, which in contrast to that of the endometrium is known to be depressed in IUD-users, was inhibited by an antiserum against the tissue activator but only weakly influenced by an antiserum against urokinase. This indicates the presence of urokinase inhibitors in the uterine fluid of IUD-users with a capacity to inhibit the enzymatic activity of the urokinase-like plasminogen activator. PMID- 7023823 TI - Self-administration of prostaglandin for termination of early pregnancy. PMID- 7023824 TI - The in-vivo effect of Lithospermum ruderale on LHRH activity in the chick. AB - Lithospermum (LSPM) plant extracts can inhibit gonadotropin action in mammals and birds. The experiments reported in this paper were performed to note the possible effect of LSPM on the ability of LHRH to stimulate 32P testis uptake in immature chicks. LHRH injected 2 h before autopsy significantly increased 32P uptake in these animals. Water extracts of Lithospermum ruderale roots were administered subcutaneously at various concentrations and times before LHRH. LSPM injections of 2.0, 4.0, or 8.0 mg equivalents of dried material given 10 h before LHRH significantly suppressed the releasing hormone effect. 4.0 mg LSPM was not inhibitory at 16, 22, 38 or 46 h before LHRH. Interestingly, LHRH had a greater effect, as measured by 32P testis uptake, when given to these latter 3 groups then when given to controls. This suggests that LSPM may have prevented the release but not the synthesis of anterior pituitary gonadotropins. PMID- 7023825 TI - Laboratory evaluation of chemical disinfection of soft contact lenses. PMID- 7023826 TI - Aphakic bullous keratopathy: preoperative fluorescein angiographic screening for macular edema. PMID- 7023827 TI - Safety suture for removal of Choyce-style intraocular implants through a keratoplasty incision. PMID- 7023828 TI - Biomedical image processing. AB - Biomedical image processing is a very broad field; it covers biomedical signal gathering, image forming, picture processing, and image display to medical diagnosis based on features extracted from images. This article reviews this topic in both its fundamentals and applications. In its fundamentals, some basic image processing techniques including outlining, deblurring, noise cleaning, filtering, search, classical analysis and texture analysis have been reviewed together with examples. The state-of-the-art image processing systems have been introduced and discussed in two categories: general purpose image processing systems and image analyzers. In order for these systems to be effective for biomedical applications, special biomedical image processing languages have to be developed. The combination of both hardware and software leads to clinical imaging devices. Two different types of clinical imaging devices have been discussed. There are radiological imagings which include radiography, thermography, ultrasound, nuclear medicine and CT. Among these, thermography is the most noninvasive but is limited in application due to the low energy of its source. X-ray CT is excellent for static anatomical images and is moving toward the measurement of dynamic function, whereas nuclear imaging is moving toward organ metabolism and ultrasound is toward tissue physical characteristics. Heart imaging is one of the most interesting and challenging research topics in biomedical image processing; current methods including the invasive-technique cineangiography, and noninvasive ultrasound, nuclear medicine, transmission, and emission CT methodologies have been reviewed. Two current federally funded research projects in heart imaging, the dynamic spatial reconstructor and the dynamic cardiac three-dimensional densitometer, should bring some fruitful results in the near future. Miscrosopic imaging technique is very different from the radiological imaging technique in the sense that interaction between the operator and the imaging device is very essential. The white blood cell analyzer has been developed to the point that it becomes a daily clinical imaging device. An interactive chromosome karyotyper is being clinical evaluated and its preliminary indication is very encouraging. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to automation of cancer cytology; it is hoped that some prototypes will be available for clinical trials very soon. Automation of histology is still in its infancy; much work still needs to be done in this area. The 1970s have been very fruitful in utilizing the imaging technique in biomedical application; the computerized tomographic scanner and the white blood cell analyzer being the most successful imaging devices... PMID- 7023829 TI - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling in vivo. AB - A rational goal of clinical pharmacology is to described and predict the relationship between drug dose and drug effect. The processes involved in the dose-effect relationship can be described in two main categories - pharmacokinetics, which is concerned with factors affecting the dose-active site concentration process, and pharmacodynamics, which describes the active site concentration-effect process. The development of models of the dose-effect relationship will be described starting with dose-effect models which do not distinguish between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, progressing to models based upon pharmacokinetic predictions of the active site concentration, and finally describing models which combine both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models to predict both active site concentrations and the drug effect. PMID- 7023830 TI - Signal processing in evoked potential research: averaging and modeling. AB - Three separate topics are covered in this review. The first deals with the technique of signal averaging. The concept of ensemble averaging is explored, and alternatives to this traditional tool are considered such as crosscorrelation averaging, latency corrected averaging, median averaging, etc. Different measures of variability of single evoked potentials are finally discussed. The second topic deals with modeling of the evoked potentials. The direct and inverse problems of source localization are discussed. Recent results of the application of these techniques to single evoked potentials are given. The third topic deals with the use of principal components for signal representation and comparison. Geometric consideration and varimax rotation of coefficients are discussed and examples given. PMID- 7023831 TI - Left ventriculometry: the Minnesota experience with a bioengineering approach. AB - Left ventriculography is used by cardiologists, surgeons, and pharmacologists. Cardiologists use it to assess ventricular function and to scan the results of longitudinal studies to follow the course of the patient. Surgeons employ the results to appreciate changes following surgery, as improvement postbypass, and to compare the effectiveness of alternative procedures or maneuvers. Pharmacologists examine the results to assess the consequences of drug administration. In patients with ischemic heart disease, left ventriculography is an indispensable adjunct to selective coronary arteriography, and it provides anatomic and functional information important for diagnosis and for predicting the outcome of the patient. Using the results from cine left ventriculography, it is possible to calculate the EDV, ESV, SV, and EF and thus to evaluate the pump function of the left ventricle objectively, quantitatively, and reproducibly. However, these measures indicate total left ventricular function. A more detailed analysis of the cine left ventriculogram can provide specific information about the impaired segments. Methods for measuring and calculating the volume changes of the entire left ventricle were described and illustrated with their clinical implementation. Five methods of determining regional myocardial wall motion were applied to a population of subjects with normal wall motion and to patients with abnormal wall motion. The method was chosen which agreed best with the visual assessment of the cine by experienced cardiovascular radiologists. Clinical applications of regional wall motion assessment were described. A computer compatible data base was created for roentgen images of a normally and of an abnormally contracting left ventricle, and this data base was contributed to a national repository for computer-compatible data bases. An automatic pattern recognition method was used to determine whether regional wall motion was normal or abnormal, and it was able to distinguish between these two groups satisfactorily. Current trends in ventriculography were described. A bioengineering approach has been used to solve the problem of measuring and describing the wall motion of the left ventricle of the human heart. The approach has been applied to the analysis of the contraction of the whole ventricle, regional wall motion, and the temporal pattern of wall motion. The mathematical equations underlying the analysis have been given, explained, and illustrated with examples. The implementation of the analyses using computers was discussed. The assumptions and sources of error have received particular attention. PMID- 7023832 TI - Spectral analysis: prediction and extrapolation. PMID- 7023833 TI - Functional electrical stimulation for control of locomotor systems. PMID- 7023834 TI - Quantitative methods in assessment of neurologic function. AB - Traditionally, neurologists have emphasized qualitative techniques for assessing results of clinical trials. However, in recent years qualitative evaluations have been increasingly augmented by quantitative tests for measuring neurologic functions pertaining to mental state, strength, steadiness, reactions, speed, coordination, sensation, fatigue, gait, station, and simulated activities of daily living. Quantitative tests have long been used by psychologists for evaluating asymptomatic function, assessing human information processing, and predicting proficiency in skilled tasks; however, their methodology has never been directly assessed for validity in a clinical environment. In this report, relevant contributions from the literature on asymptomatic human performance and that on clinical quantitative neurologic function are reviewed and assessed. While emphasis is focused on tests appropriate for evaluating clinical neurologic trials, evaluations of tests for reproducibility, reliability, validity, and examiner training procedures, and for effects of motivation, learning, handedness, age, and sex are also reported and interpreted. Examples of statistical strategies for data analysis, scoring systems, data reduction methods, and data display concepts are presented. Although investigative work still remains to be done, it appears that carefully selected and evaluated tests of sensory and motor function should be an essential factor for evaluating clinical trials in an objective manner. PMID- 7023835 TI - Signal processing in evoked potential research: applications of filtering and pattern recognition. AB - The separate but closely related topics of waveform estimation by filtering and information extraction by pattern recognition are covered in this review. Because of the low signal-to-noise ratio generally encountered in evoked potential research, a variety of filtering methods have been employed for improving waveform estimation. Initially the filtering was done with analog devices but with the availability of high performance minicomputers virtually all filtering is now done digitally. Filters of various types are considered. Among them are single and multiple channel Wiener filtering, Kalman filtering, minimum mean square error filtering, maximum signal-to-noise filtering, and several types of nonlinear filters. The application of adaptive filtering techniques is also considered. In recent years there has been a continual increase in the application of pattern recognition techniques to the processing of evoked potentials. The techniques are based on statistical decision theory and the underlying basis of these procedures is reviewed. The technique of linear stepwise discriminant analysis is considered as well as the use of general discriminant functions of linear and quadratic types. Applications of these procedures to psychophysiological testing are discussed with particular emphasis on auditory and visual event-related potentials. PMID- 7023836 TI - Measurement of urine electrolytes: clinical significance and methods. AB - There are specific clinical settings in which each of the urine electrolytes may be diagnostically useful. The urine sodium alone is not efficient in differentiating prerenal azotemia from acute tubular necrosis, but if urine sodium is coupled with some measure of the renal concentrating ability, e.g., the urine:plasma creatinine ratio. discrimination between these two conditions is much improved. Usefulness of the urine sodium in other settings (evaluation of hyponatremia, prediction of acute rejection in renal transplant recipients, index of salt balance) is controversial. Urine potassium may be useful in the evaluation of hypokalemia of obscure etiology and, occasionally, in the form of the urinary Na/K ratio, as a guide to diuretic therapy. Urine chloride is assuming importance in the differential diagnosis of metabolic alkalosis, particularly when Bartter's syndrome is a consideration. PMID- 7023837 TI - Practical application of 125I-fibrinogen leg scanning. PMID- 7023838 TI - Caeruloplasmin: physiological and pathological perspectives. PMID- 7023839 TI - Amikacin treatment of Serratia septicemia in critically ill patients. AB - Serratia marcescens septicemia represents a serious problem in high risk critical care patients. Treatment is difficult because Serratia is usually resistant to most antibiotics. Amikacin is at present the most effective antibiotic in vitro against gentamycin-resistant Serratia, although significant loss of activity may occur in vivo in the group of compromised patients, whose ultimate prognosis may depend eventually upon other associated conditions. In this Medical ICU, 15 patients with Serratia septicemia who were treated with in vitro effective antibiotics (14 were given amikacin) had a mortality of 60%, while 5 patients who received ineffective in vitro antibiotics had a mortality of 100%. In this ICU, 80% of the Serratia isolates were resistant to gentamycin, while only 2.8% were resistant to amikacin. Because amikacin-resistant strains of Serratia have already emerged, appropriate use of this antibiotic is essential in order not to promote the selection of amikacin-resistant strains. PMID- 7023840 TI - Excretory urography: update 1980. PMID- 7023841 TI - Radiologic diagnosis of Crohn disease (with emphasis on its early manifestations). AB - Crohn disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. The early manifestations of the disease are readily recognizable in the colon if double contrast technique is employed. Small bowel and gastroduodenal involvement in the early stages have been less frequently identified, but enteroclysis and double contrast UGI examination have yielded encouraging results. There is some evidence that failure to utilize the double-contrast barium enema and enteroclysis contributes to delay in diagnosis of Crohn disease. Use of these more sophisticated techniques is encouraged. As follow-up radiography in Crohn disease appears less indicated than previously considered, it is particularly important that initial assessment employs the most sensitive and accurate radiographic techniques available. PMID- 7023842 TI - Radiology and pathology of fat. AB - Conventional roentgenograms usually reveal a fatty tumor by its characteristic radiolucency. Exceptions to this presentation are the intrathoracic fatty tumors which are more often radiopaque than radiolucent. Obesity and steroids may cause focal, excessive accumulation of fat which can cause a mass effect and become symptomatic from pressure changes. Tubular widening of the superior mediastinum is characteristic mediastinal lipomatosis. Liposarcomas may or may not appear radiolucent. When a calcified retroperitoneal mass appears at least partially radiolucent, a liposarcoma must be suspected. Intrarenal fatty masses may be confused by overlapping bowel gas. Nephrotomograms, prior to the injection of contrast medium, will reveal the presence of fatty process. Obliteration of juxtavisceral or juxtamuscular fat is an important finding for localizing a disease process. CT is the most informative imaging method in establishing the presence of a fatty mass and for localizing a pathological process which infiltrates the juxtavisceral fat. PMID- 7023843 TI - Complications of the Foley catheter. PMID- 7023844 TI - Imaging with infarct-avid agents. PMID- 7023845 TI - A review of the magnetic resonance response of biological tissue and its applicability to the diagnosis of cancer by NMR radiology. AB - It is now possible to produce cross-sectional NMR images of humans on a routine basis (52-54). Furthermore, there is a growing body of evidence from studies in vitro indicating that cancerous tissue has a significantly different NMR response from healthy tissue. Provided sufficient knowledge of the density, relaxation times, and their interrelation is available, then the technique of NMR radiology may with care be optimized to give considerable improvement over existing techniques in soft tissue discrimination and tumor detection. However, the first order correlation of relaxation times with water density does raise the question of the uniqueness of diagnosis. Furthermore, the extrapolation of in vitro measurements to the situation in vivo is seen to be complicated by such factors as blood content, muscle and fluid motion, contributions from fat, and fluid in tissue spaces. Considerable study is required in vivo to resolve these uncertainties. PMID- 7023846 TI - Natural and simulated meat flavors (with particular reference to beef). PMID- 7023847 TI - Evaluation of food selection patterns and preferences. AB - Recently, studies related to food preferences and selection patterns are gaining more importance because of their multidimensional scope and application. Data from these studies are widely applicable in areas ranging from consumption, forecasting and menu planning in hospitals, restaurants, schools, etc. to nutrition evaluation. Also, they are immensely useful in studies related to various diseases and disorders, particularly cardiovascular diseases and obesity. Evidently, there is considerable lack of information available on this subject, especially on the applicable methodology. This article, is therefore, designed to present in a nutshell an up-to-date review on research, methodology and applications of food patterns and preferences, with emphasis on their nutritional impact. PMID- 7023848 TI - Protein-stabilized foams and emulsions. AB - This review is a survey of studies on protein-stabilized foams and emulsions in relatively simple, well-defined systems (rather than in food products per se). The emphasis is on the extent of basic understanding developed, particularly in terms of the physicochemical properties involved. The stability of the system, its formation, and its rheology are covered. Unfortunately, much work is of limited fundamental value because of poorly designed experimental approaches and the failure to measure key parameters. Reasonable generalization can be made concerning the effects of a number of variables, particularly protein solubility, pH, protein structure and the presence of small molecule surfactants. However, several possible explanations of these effects in terms of surface properties remain tenable. A number of observations can fairly confidently be ascribed to the influence of rheology on flow processes within foams and emulsions. PMID- 7023849 TI - Phospholipids of the lung in normal, toxic, and diseased states. AB - The highly pulmonary concentration of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3 phosphorylcholine (dipalmitoyllecithin) and its implication as an important component of lung surfactant have promoted investigation of phospholipid metabolism in the lung. This review will set the contents including recent informations for better understanding of phospholipid metabolism of the lung in normal state (physiological significances of lung phospholipids, characteristics of phospholipids in lung tissue and alveolar washing, biosynthetic pathways of dipalmitoyllecithin, etc.) as well as in toxic states (pulmonary oxygen toxicity, etc.) and in diseased states (idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, etc.) Since our main concern has been to clarify the most important route for supplying dipalmitoyllecithin, this review will be focused upon the various biosynthetic pathways leading to the formation of different molecular species of lecithin and their potential significance in the normal, toxic, and diseased lungs. PMID- 7023850 TI - Ultrastructure of embryonic skin. PMID- 7023851 TI - The lamellar granules of epidermis. PMID- 7023852 TI - Spinal dysraphism. PMID- 7023853 TI - Myocardial preservation. PMID- 7023854 TI - The ornithine-urea cycle: biosynthesis and regulation of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I and ornithine transcarbamylase. PMID- 7023855 TI - Control of a secondary pathway of ethanol metabolism by differences in redox state: a story of the failure to arrest the Krebs cycle for drunkenness. PMID- 7023856 TI - Cycles in polysaccharide biosynthesis. PMID- 7023857 TI - The structure and evolution of ribosomes and their components. PMID- 7023858 TI - Membrane cycling in secretion: a morphological approach. PMID- 7023859 TI - Multienzymatic proteins in mammalian pyrimidine biosynthesis: channeling of intermediates to avoid futile cycles. PMID- 7023860 TI - Platelets and renal disease. A review. PMID- 7023861 TI - Atropine and terbutaline aerosols in chronic bronchitis: efficacy and sites of action. AB - To examine the additive properties and the sites of action of inhaled atropine sulfate (0.05 mg/kg of body weight) and terbutaline sulfate (0.005 mg/kg) in patients with chronic airflow obstruction, we tested these aerosols separately and together in a double-blind random sequence. Twelve patients with chronic bronchitis and perennial obstruction of airflow were studied by measuring three indices of efficacy (specific airway conductance [Gaw/VL], the forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] and the forced vital capacity [FVC]) and three indices of the site of action within the airway (delta [(Gaw/VL)/FEV1], the difference between the change in forced expiratory flow at 75 percent of vital capacity and the change in forced expiratory flow at 25 percent of vital capacity, and the change in density dependence of maximal airflow at 50 percent of vital capacity). Both atropine and the combination of atropine and terbutaline improved all indices of efficacy significantly more than did terbutaline. With individual exceptions, the addition of terbutaline to atropine improved Gaw/VL but not forced airflow. All measures of site of action suggested an advantage for atropine in relatively proximal airways. These results indicate that combined therapy with beta-adrenergic and anticholinergic bronchodilator drugs is marginally more effective than therapy with atropine alone in these patients and suggest that anticholinergic aerosols dilate larger airways more effectively than the beta-agonists. PMID- 7023862 TI - Bronchodilator effects of nebulized fenoterol: a comparison with isoproterenol. AB - In an attempt to find the optimal single therapeutic dose of fenoterol inhalant solution administered by compressor-powered nebulization, bronchodilator and side effects of five different doses of fenoterol (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg) and of placebo were compared with those of the recommended therapeutic dose delivered from a metered dose canister in 16 patients with reversible airway obstruction. The fenoterol (except for the metered dose) and the placebo were given in a double-blind, cross-over manner. In comparison with placebo, all doses of fenoterol produced a significant increase in average values of FEV1, FEF25-75%, FVC, and SGaw and decrease in FRC for five to eight hours. There was a trend for the bronchodilator action to become greater and more prolonged with increasing doses of fenoterol. Compared with 0.4 mg given from a metered dose canister, 0.5 mg of fenoterol delivered by compressor powered nebulization was equally effective in bronchodilator potency. Dose-by-dose comparison with isoproterenol indicates that fenoterol is a more potent and longer lasting bronchodilator and has no significant effect on heart rate and blood pressures. The most common side effects were shakiness or tremor of hands which appeared to be dose-related in terms of incidence and intensity. The results of the present study suggest that 0.5 to 1.0 mg of fenoterol is a suitable single therapeutic dose when administered by compressor-powered nebulization. PMID- 7023863 TI - Exercise conditioning and cardiopulmonary fitness in cystic fibrosis. The effects of a three-month supervised running program. AB - Exercise intolerance is common in cystic fibrosis (CF). We examined the effects of a supervised three-month running program on exercise tolerance, pulmonary function, cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen consumption), and respiratory muscle endurance in CF patients. We studied 31 patients, 21 exercise and ten control, aged 10 to 30 years, with pulmonary involvement ranging from mild to severe. The exercise and control groups were not significantly different with respect to age, sex, pulmonary function, exercise tolerance, or cardiorespiratory fitness. After three months of physical conditioning, the exercise group had significantly increased exercise tolerance and peak oxygen consumption and significantly lower heart rates for submaximal work loads, while the nonexercising (control) group was unchanged in all these variables. The FEV1 decreased significantly in the control group. There were no other significant changes in pulmonary function in either the control or exercise group. Respiratory muscle endurance increased significantly in the exercise patients, and did not change in the control patients. There were no adverse effects of the program. The data suggest that a supervised running program can increase CF patients' exercise tolerance and cardiorespiratory fitness, perhaps in part by increasing respiratory muscle tolerance. The effects of a much longer program deserve study. PMID- 7023864 TI - Treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias with intravenous and oral verapamil. AB - Verapamil or placebo was administered as a bolus infusion in a double-blind fashion to 24 patients with either atrial fibrillation or flutter and to ten patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Patients whose heart rate did not decrease below 100 beats/min were given a second dose. Of the 24 patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter, 11 received placebo first. Control heart rate and blood pressure were not modified by placebo; however, verapamil significantly reduced heart rate and systolic blood pressure in the 24 patients. Of the ten patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, one reverted to sinus rhythm after administration of placebo. For the remaining nine, the heart rate was not modified by placebo but was significantly reduced by verapamil administration. Blood pressure was not modified by verapamil or placebo in these ten patients. Long-term oral verapamil treatment was maintained without interruption in 18 patients for a mean of 16 +/- 7.5 months, and 15 patients required concomitant therapy with other antiarrhythmic drugs for rhythm control. All patients reported symptomatic improvement, and the number of hospitalizations required for arrhythmia control decreased significantly. Verapamil is safe and effective for acute control of supraventricular arrhythmias. Long-term oral administration, alone or with other antiarrhythmic drugs, is an important contribution to the management of recurrent supraventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 7023865 TI - [Stomach replacement by iso-anisoperistaltic jejunum interposition (Tubinger replacement stomach)]. AB - Since 1972 we have been using a new method of gastric replacement which was developed at our hospital. The reconstruction of passage is achieved by iso anisoperistaltic interposition of two jejunal segments (30:10 cm). The reversed segment causes delayed and intermittent emptying of the above located isoperistaltic segment. Until now this type of gastric replacement has been performed in 62 patients. Postoperative mortality was 11.3%; so far the longest survival time is nearly 8 years. By the reservoir function of the jejunal interposition digestion and absorption are essentially improved, resulting in a better quality of life for the patient. This type of gastric replacement is now used as a routine in all curative gastrectomies, provided there are no contraindications on account of the patient's age or general condition. PMID- 7023866 TI - The subunit structure of chromatin fibres. AB - Optimal conditions for studying the ultrastructure of chromatin fibers of histone containing spermatozoa in thin sections have been determined. Better results for preservation in sperm of the sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa, have been found than in different frog species studied. The fine structure of chromatin fibers after different treatments was studied by computer materials. A clear superbead structure was found under all conditions which preserve the chromatin fibres. These have a diameter of 30 nm, with superbeads about 33 nm long. In the best preserved cases an additional periodicity of 11 nm along the fibres was found. There is no clear relationship of this periodicity with an eventual solenoidal structure of the chromatin fibers. PMID- 7023867 TI - Lymphoid differentiation in vitro. PMID- 7023868 TI - Microanatomy of the thymus: its relationship to T cell differentiation. AB - The structure of the thymus can be determined by study at the light and electron microscopic levels, but relating it to the current knowledge of the thymus's function requires an approach that combines immunological and anatomical methods. The framework of the thymus consists of epithelial cells with interconnecting processes. Lymphocytes fill the spaces between the epithelial cells. In both the mouse and human thymus, immunological staining of tissue sections demonstrates that the principal cell bearing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens is the epithelial cell. Differences are noted between I-A (HLA-DR) and H-2K/D (HLA-A, B) allotypic specificities in both species. Immunoelectron microscopy confirms the epithelial nature of these cells in both species. The continued expression of thymus-type MHC antigens in the thymuses of irradiated, bone marrow reconstituted mice strongly suggests the synthesis of these antigens by the epithelial cells. Bone marrow-derived MHC antigens are largely confined to the medulla of the thymus. PMID- 7023869 TI - Expression and function of major histocompatibiliby complex antigens in the developing thymus: studies on normal and nude mice. AB - Direct access of lymphoid precursors to the thymic environment appears to be an essential step in the differentiation of normal T cell populations and it is possible that intimate cellular interactions between T cells and the thymic stroma are involved in selective processes leading to self-tolerance and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction. As an approach to investigating the intrathymic environment, MHC antigen expression during normal thymic development and lymphopoiesis, and in the embryonic thymus of T cell-deficient nude mice, has been examined. Evidence has been obtained to show that MHC antigens controlled by both the K and I regions are expressed from an early stage on epithelial cells in normal thymus development but that the thymic rudiment in nude mice shows a selective absence of I regions antigens. The implications of these findings for T cell development and the derivation and constitution of the intrathymic environment are considered. PMID- 7023870 TI - The human thymic environment. AB - Selected combinations of antisera labelled with different fluorochromes were used to explore the cellular interactions in the human thymic cortex and the medulla. In the early fetal thymus the cortical epithelial cells and an apparently more mobile medullary interdigitating cell population expressed large amounts of Ia like (HLA-DR) and moderate amounts of HLA-A,B,C antigens while the lymphoid cells in the cortex expressed human T lymphocyte and cortical thymocyte antigens but were Ia-, HLA-A,B,C-. This arrangement is maintained in the infant thymus. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase enzyme is first generated in cortical thymocytes (around the 17th week of gestation) and appears in bone marrow precursor cells later. In the infant thymus the lymphoid populations could be classified, according to their reactivity pattern with the new monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series, into three cell types: putative prothymocytes, typical cortical thymocytes and medullary thymocytes. Among the medullary population the majority showed the phenotype of the "inducer" cell and a minority showed that of "suppressor-cytotoxic" cells. The thymic medulla (and interdigitating cells in peripheral lymphoid organs) may predominantly contribute to the generation of "inducer" T lymphocytes. PMID- 7023871 TI - Cellular and molecular signals in T cell differentiation. AB - The thymic epithelium exerts its differentiative effects through several mechanisms, involving direct contact with stem cells as well as secretion of various thymic hormones. Indirect and direct evidence suggests that the thymus produces chemotactic factors for the stem cells that colonize the thymus anlage. The epithelium also produces several maturational factors which act upon stem cells that have undergone primary differentiation by contact with thymic epithelium. The chemical characteristics of these hormones and their mode of action at the cellular level (high affinity receptors, metabolic effects, target cells) are partly known. Their relationship with T cell factors such as Interleukin-2--produced in the periphery and endowed with strong differentiative capacity--is intriguing, the more so because thymic hormones not only act within the thymus but also affect peripheral T cells after they have emigrated from the thymus. PMID- 7023872 TI - Self-renewing haemopoietic progenitor cells and the factors controlling proliferation and differentiation. PMID- 7023873 TI - Histophysiology of follicular structures and germinal centres in relation to B cell differentiation. AB - A historical review of germinal centres since their original description in 1885 by Flemming is given, followed by a description of the germinal centre reaction. Microenvironmental aspects are discussed, special attention being paid to the role of antigen in the induction and further regulation of germinal centre activity. Germinal centres give rise to a new population of lymphocytes (germinal centre-derived cells). Their immune capacities were studied using the rabbit appendix as an experimental model. The possible properties of the cell from which a germinal centre develops (germinal centre precursor cell) were investigated using germinal centre cell suspensions from the rabbit appendix and bone marrow and thoracic duct lymphocytes in the rat in adoptive transfer systems. From these experiments a working hypothesis was formulated for the possible role of germinal centres in B cell differentiation. Essentially, germinal centres are thought not only to be sites of selective amplification of antigen-reactive but still immature B cells, resulting in the generation of memory cells, but also to contribute to the overall pool of B cells by polyclonal amplification of B cells of specificities unrelated to the antigen inducing the germinal centre. PMID- 7023874 TI - The role of germinal centres in the generation of immunological memory. AB - Germinal centres are areas of B lymphocytes proliferation that appear in primary lymphoid follicles after immunization. The results summarized here implicate these structures in the establishment of immunological memory for antibody production. It appears that after primary immunization antigen-antibody complement complexes become trapped on the membrane of specialized dendritic cells in lymphoid follicles, and these complexes provide the stimulus for germinal centre formation. In support of this, immunization with preformed antigen-antibody complexes, rather than with antigen, leads to the earlier appearance of germinal centres and memory cells, and also accelerates the selective triggering of precursors capable of producing high affinity antibodies. PMID- 7023875 TI - Antigen-presenting cells, including Langerhans cells, veiled cells and interdigitating cells. AB - The accessory functions attributed to macrophages, such as antigen presentation, are probably carried out by specialized, marrow-derived cells which always have Ia antigen on their surfaces. These cells are not actively phagocytic, but are mainly engaged in engulfing large volumes on fluid. They are found in the epidermis as sessile cells, the Langerhans cells, but some re-enter the dermis and appear in afferent lymph as actively moving, veiled cells. Here they are joined by other veiled cells which have differentiated in the dermis: both populations then enter the draining lymph node. A similar process of differentiation probably occurs in other specialized tissues leading to the formation of cells that enter the afferent lymph and become veiled cells. In the lymph node, veiled cells localize in the paracortex or T-dependent area and later differentiate into another sessile cell type, the interdigitating cell. The life style of this family of cells appears to be well-adapted for the transport of antigen into the paracortex, an area from which free antigen is largely excluded, and it seems likely that T-cell activation is triggered by the arrival of veiled cells bearing a new antigen on their surfaces. PMID- 7023876 TI - Differentiation of function among antigen-presenting cells. PMID- 7023877 TI - Haemopoiesis in mammalian bone marrow. AB - The bone marrow supports haemopoiesis of all blood cell types and delivers mature cells to the blood. Haemopoiesis is characterized not only by the differentiation and proliferation of haemopoietic stem cells but by a number of physically associated cell types. These include macrophages, lymphocytes and, when haemopoiesis is intense, a multinucleate branched stromal cell. The venous vasculature of the bone marrow is associated with both haemopoiesis and the delivery of blood cells to the circulation. The wall of the vascular sinus consists of an endothelium lying upon a basement membrane. On the outside surface of the basement membrane lie adventitial cells or pericytes which branch out into the haemopoietic space forming a scaffolding upon which haemopoietic clusters are arranged. These cells move away from the wall of the vascular sinus to permit maturing blood cells to penetrate the endothelium and enter the circulation. Under other circumstances, adventitial cells accumulate fat, becoming the adipocytes of marrow. PMID- 7023878 TI - Regulation and localization of lymphocyte production in the bone marrow. AB - The homeostatic mechanisms which control B lymphocyte renewal in the bone marrow are unknown. Mouse bone marrow produces many small lymphocytes which develop surface IgM and other B lymphocyte properties. Putative precursors show cytoplasmic mu chains but earlier progenitors have been characterized. Some marrow small lymphocytes are long-lived recirculating B and T cells. [3H]Thymidine and IgM labelling in femoral marrow sections suggest that recirculating lymphocytes migrate mainly through the marrow periphery while indigenous lymphocytes may be formed peripherally and migrate centrally as they mature. Thus, the localization of lymphocytes appears to be non-random. The effects of possible regulatory factors on bone marrow small lymphocytes production have been examined by [3H]thymidine labelling and radioautography. Administration of anti-IgM antibodies in vivo eliminates all B lymphocytes but the marrow lymphocyte production rate remains unchanged. After sublethal X irradiation the marrow shows an over-shoot B lymphocyte production, while the lymphocyte numbers in shielded marrow remain stable. In neonatally thymectomized or congenitally athymic mice marrow lymphocyte production is unaffected. Studies in germ-free and antigen-stimulated mice reveal a basal level of marrow lymphocyte production, normally stimulated non-specifically by environmental factors. Thus, marrow lymphocyte production appears to be basically independent of feedback control from the peripheral B lymphocyte pool or of specific humoral factors, but fluctuates widely after perturbation or when amplified by exogenous stimuli. These findings suggest the importance of microenvironmental factors, as yet undefined, in the regulation of bone marrow lymphocytes. PMID- 7023879 TI - Environmental factors in haemopoietic failure in humans. AB - Aplastic anaemia can be defined as pancytopenia in the presence of a hypoplastic bone marrow and in the absence of leukaemia or malignant infiltration. Most cases have been attributed to an intrinsic defect in the pluripotential haemopoietic stem cell; however, stem cell suppression or a defect in the marrow environment would also produce the symptoms of aplasia. In vitro culture systems have been used to explore these possibilities and have provided evidence that the syndrome known as aplastic anaemia includes several distinct disease processes. These include primary failure of the haemopoietic stem cell and the suppression of stem cell function by cellular, humoral or other environmental factors. This heterogeneity provides the background for attempting to treat the disease by bone marrow transplantation, immunosuppression or stimulation of haemopoiesis. PMID- 7023880 TI - Bacterial growth studied by flow cytometry. AB - The feasibility of flow cytometry for measurements on bacteria has been demonstrated by measurements of DNA-associated fluorescence of Escherichia coli K 12 in various phases of cell growth. Bacteria were stained with a combination of ethidium bromide and mithramycin after fixation in 70% ethanol. Cultures grown to stationary phase accumulated in two peaks representing cells with two and four chromosomes. Qualitatively similar histograms were obtained with cells grown in the presence of chloramphenicol, whereas cells of the temperature sensitive strain E 177 (dnaA) ended up with only one chromosome per cell at the restrictive temperature. The fluorescence intensity of cells with one chromosome was about 10(3) times smaller than that of human diploid cells. Instrumental resolution at this level of intensity was CV = 5%, whereas peak widths corresponded to CV = 7 8%. Dyes bound to RNA did not appear to contribute significantly to the fluorescence. PMID- 7023881 TI - A model for the computer analysis of synchronous DNA distributions obtained by flow cytometry. AB - A new model for obtaining the distributions of cells in the cell cycle by computer analysis of flow cytometry data is proposed. The model is able to analyze distributions from both asynchronous and synchronous cell populations. A culture of HeLa cells is pulse-labeled with tritiated thymidine at various times after synchronization by the mitotic selection method, then analyzed by flow cytometry and autoradiography. The results show good agreement between the percentage S-phase cells determined by the model and by autoradiography. PMID- 7023882 TI - Characterization of the cell cycle and synchrony in a CV-1 cell line. AB - Synchronous populations of CV-1 cells have been prepared by the selective detachment of mitotic cells. An approach, using a combination of standard techniques, has allowed evaluation of the degree of synchrony throughout the cell cycle. CV-1 cells have a cycle of approximately 19-hr duration, throughout which synchronous populations progress with a dispersion of 3 hr, i.e., ie, greater than or equal to 90% of the cells enter S phase and subsequently divide within a 3-hr period. A major cause of this dispersion is the differential attachment times of individual cell within the population when a synchronous culture is initiated. PMID- 7023883 TI - Flow cytometric probes of early events in cell activation. PMID- 7023884 TI - Cytophotometric analysis of lytically and persistently infected tissue culture cells with measles virus. AB - Lytically and persistently infected VERO and LUB cells were cytophotometrically characterized with the aid of computer analysis. Images scanned at 260 and 280 nm were processed by computer algorithms. With this approach, infected cells could be segmented and differentiated from uninfected cells. Lytically and persistently infected cells could be distinguished by distinct differences in nuclear and cytoplasmic optical densities. These findings are supported by biologic data based on the analysis of virus-specific proteins and nucleic acids. The applied computer aided cytophotometry provides a new approach in the study of virus cell interaction. PMID- 7023885 TI - Automated selection of metaphase cells by quality. AB - The performance of metaphase-finding systems could be improved if they were able to determine the quality of the cells detected. This paper discusses the extent to which this may be realized by the introduction of a metaphase-quality parameter. Data obtained from 300 cells were statistically analyzed. Seventeen features were measured and nine visual properties were determined for each cell. Discriminant analysis and regression analysis were used to extract those features and visual properties which contribute to assessment of metaphase quality. Rather low correlations were found between the selected measured features and visual properties. A quality-parameter based on a linear combination of cluster projections, areas and perimeters was found to account for 64% of the variation between visual and measured quality indicators. In addition, an increase in the predictive value for finding usable metaphases from 28-68% was achieved. PMID- 7023886 TI - An immunofluorescence method for monitoring DNA synthesis by flow cytometry. AB - An immunofluorescence method for monitoring DNA synthesis in single cells has been developed for flow cytometry. With antiserum which is specific for 5 bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) and a second fluorescent label, BrdUrd-incorporation pulses of 30 min are detectable. The fluorescence intensity of the incorporated BrdUrd, as determined by immunofluorescence, is related to the amount of BrdUrd incorporated, as shown by isotopic methods and cell sorting. Thus, the technique may be applicable to determining rates of replication per cell. Multiple samples of as few as 1 X 10(5) cells can be fixed, hydrolyzed and treated with the anti BrdUrd antiserum. Nuclear-bound IgG is localized by fluorescein-labeled avidin-D. Since the technique uses whole cells, other parameters such as light scatter and DNA content can be simultaneously monitored so that cohorts of "labeled" cells can be followed through the cell cycle. PMID- 7023887 TI - Clinical application of flow cytometry: a review. AB - A survey of the use of flow cytometry for clinical purposes is given. In the last decade the main clinical application of this technique has been measurements of cellular DNA content for estimation of cell cycle distribution and ploidy studies. A large body of data is now available on the presence of aneuploidy in different malignant diseases. By measurements with high resolution, the demonstration of abnormal cellular DNA content in several types of tumors can be of definite diagnostic value when combined with conventional diagnostic procedures. The prognostic significance of different types of DNA aberrations is so far not established. Attempts to monitor cancer treatment by studying altered cell cycle distribution have not been successful, although some applications are of potential value. The main reasons for this are the complexity of tumor tissue as well as difficulties with interpretation of altered cell cycle distribution caused by drug combinations. For further progress in this field more emphasis on other cell constituents than DNA measured by flow cytometry is desirable, either as single or as multiparameter measurements. PMID- 7023888 TI - Pseudomembranous enterocolitis: a historical and clinical review. AB - Pseudomembranous enterocolitis (PMEC) was first documented in 1893. Since this initial description, confusion has reigned in the medical literature concerning its nature and differentiation from such entities as necrotizing enterocolitis and staphylococcal enterocolitis. Since the 1950s, volumes have been written on PMEC and its association with a multitude of different antibiotics. PMEC has generally been used as somewhat of a "wastebasket" designation, being applied to any postoperative patient who develops significant diarrhea while on broad spectrum antibiotics. More recently, a resurgence of interest in PMEC has led to its recognition as a specific disease entity and to a greater understanding of its etiology. The current review traces the history of PMEC, distinguishes if from similar disease processes, and describes its clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. PMEC is particularly distinguished from antibiotic associated diarrhea and certain forms of antibiotic-associated colitis. PMID- 7023889 TI - Results of treatment for rectal prolapse and fecal incontinence. AB - Fifty-six patients were treated for rectal prolapse or incontinence. Rectal prolapse was present in 32 patients and was associated with fecal incontinence in 24 (75 per cent). Incontinence without prolapse was present in 24 patients, 12 of whom were less than 40 years old. Rectopexy was used for treatment of rectal prolapse. Surgical treatment of fecal incontinence was by postanal repair; external sphincter reconstruction and surgery was advised only if control of diarrhea and electrical therapy had been of no benefit. Rectopexy was completely successful at controlling rectal prolapse in all cases, and only four of the 20 (20 per cent) patients with incontinence and prolapse remained incontinent after rectopexy alone. Incontinence was completely controlled by postanal repair in 58 per cent of patients and by external sphincter repair alone or in combination with postanal repair in 67 per cent. Using a combination of therapies 45 of 48 patients who were initially incontinent were improved (94 per cent), and 42 of the patients have complete control of defecation (87 per cent). PMID- 7023890 TI - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. John Morgan 1820-1891. PMID- 7023891 TI - The role of scanning electron microscopy in diagnostic pathology. PMID- 7023892 TI - Diagnostic electron microscopy in the U.S. Veterans Administration. AB - The diagnostic electron microscopy (EM) programme in the VA is described with emphasis on its central administrative aspects. There are now 45 separate diagnostic EM units, each directed by a pathologist who is initially provided with comparable resources and operates under a common administrative framework. Considerable autonomy in medical and scientific matters remains with the unit directors. Some experiences in the programme are displayed in numerical data for 1975 through 1979. Coordinated use of available EM resources for both diagnostic and research purposes is not occurring to develop better utilization. Preliminary efforts to assess the contributions of diagnostic EM in morphological diagnosis and in patient management are described. PMID- 7023893 TI - Efficacy of clonidine in opiate withdrawal: a study of thirty patients. AB - In a placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover trial, clonidine caused a marked and significant reduction of objective signs and subjective symptoms of opiate withdrawal in thirty hospitalized opiate addicts. In an open trial of clonidine in opiate withdrawal, clonidine was found to suppress opiate withdrawal signs and symptoms, allowing all of the patients to detoxify successfully from chronic opiate addiction. Clonidine was demonstrated to reverse and suppress the signs, symptoms, and effects associated with opiate withdrawal. These data support a release from chronic opiate-induced noradrenergic inhibition producing noradrenergic hyperactivity as the pathophysiological substrate for opiate withdrawal. Clonidine replaces opiate-mediated inhibition with alpha-2 mediated inhibition of noradrenergic nuclei. PMID- 7023894 TI - Naltrexone treatment of heroin addiction: efficacy and safety in a double-blind dosage comparison. AB - The goals of this study were two-fold: (1) to test the hypothesis that retention of patients in naltrexone treatment could be improved by educating and preparing them for it while enrolled in a LAAM (l-alpha-acetylmethadol) detoxification program; and (2) to compare the safety and efficacy of 60 mg vs. 120 mg administered thrice weekly in a double-blind, sequential trial design. Patients were allowed a maximum of 365 days on naltrexone, and a maximum of four admissions; 119 patients received at least one dose of naltrexone. We found no clinically important differences between the two dosages, and retention in treatment was similar to that reported in earlier clinical trials. Slightly more than half the patients ever used heroin while receiving naltrexone, and only 9% of all urine tests were positive for opiates. Craving for heroin decreased dramatically by the end of the first week. We found no side-effect or toxicity due to naltrexone. PMID- 7023895 TI - Combination use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. AB - Polypharmacy with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is widely practiced despite being condemned by many rheumatologist. Combination use of aspirin with other NSAIDs might be discouraged for three well-documented reasons. First, aspirin reduces the blood levels of many NSAIDs. Second, multiple drugs are antagonistic or at least less than additive in animal models of inflammation. Third, there is no good clinical data to suggest that combination use of NSAIDs is beneficial. Unless new studies become available, NSAIDs should be used one at a time, with supplementary analgesics added on a prn basis. PMID- 7023896 TI - Cephalosporin-aminoglycoside synergistic nephrotoxicity: fact or fiction? AB - A review of synergistic nephrotoxicity associated with the concomitant administration of aminoglycoside and cephalosporin antibiotics is presented. A combination of these antibiotics is frequently administered in clinical practice as initial therapy in the treatment of gram-negative bacillary infection. The nephrotoxicity associated with cephalosporin/aminoglycoside administration in humans has been characterized as an acute tubular necrosis. Attempts to investigate this type of toxicity in animals using the rat as the model have revealed that the rat kidney is not affected by the aminoglycoside/cephalosporin combination in the same manner as the human kidney. The results from studies using the rat were not predictive of the nephrotoxicity encountered in humans, and cephalosporins actually appear to protect the rat from aminoglycoside-induced renal damage. The mechanism of the protective effect in rats and the toxic effects in man remain unknown. A species differentiation clearly exists between man and rats with respect to the nephrotoxic effects of aminoglycoside/cephalosporin combinations. The weight of present evidence indicates that, in man, an aminoglycoside/cephalosporin combination is synergistically nephrotoxic. PMID- 7023898 TI - Amikacin penetration into synovial fluid during treatment of septic arthritis. AB - The concentration of amikacin from simultaneous synovial fluid and serum samples was measured on four separate occasions in a patient treated for Serratia marcescens septic arthritis. Synovial fluid levels were between 12.5 and 24.4 micrograms/ml, with concurrent serum levels of 12.1-21.0 micrograms/ml. Parenterally administered amikacin readily distributed into synovial fluid. Failure to eradicate the patient's Serratia septic arthritis with amikacin and daily arthrocentesis may have been a result of inactivation of the antibiotic arising from acidosis occurring in the synovial fluid. PMID- 7023899 TI - Trimethoprim: clinical use and pharmacokinetics. AB - The recent marketing of trimethoprim (TMP) as a single drug has resulted in interest in the use of this drug to treat common infections. The history and antibacterial properties of TMP are reviewed. Indications for the clinical use of TMP are presented, and possible new uses for the drug are considered. The significance of adverse effects is discussed. The pharmacokinetic properties of TMP are reviewed with particular emphasis on the renal handling of the drug and its advantages over TMP/sulfonamide combinations in relation to renal function and toxicity. PMID- 7023900 TI - Antimicrobial penetration into cerebrospinal fluid. AB - The complex physiology of the blood-brain barrier and the characteristics of an antimicrobial which govern its distribution into the brain are poorly understood. Likewise, available data regarding CSF antimicrobial concentrations after extra CNS administration, as tabulated in this review, are inadequate. Because of the potentially dire consequences that result from inappropriately treated CNS infections, large cooperative studies using standardized methodology are needed. Suggestions for such methods are outlined. PMID- 7023901 TI - Elevated serum phenytoin concentrations in a uremic patient when measured by enzyme-multiplied immunoassay. AB - A patient with chronic renal failure did not respond to "therapeutic" serum phenytoin concentrations as measured by enzyme-multiplied immunoassay (EMIT). Her seizure disorder was not controlled despite phenytoin concentrations of 25-35 micrograms/ml. When her serum samples were reassayed by high pressure liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography, the phenytoin serum concentrations were found to be approximately 1/2 of the previously reported values, that is, 16.0 micrograms/ml vs. 33 micrograms/ml. The precise reason for this discrepancy is currently unknown. Our findings suggest that the EMIT assay may yield falsely elevated serum phenytoin concentrations in uremic subjects. PMID- 7023902 TI - [Differentiation of acute leukemias]. PMID- 7023903 TI - [Primary sclerosing cholangitis]. PMID- 7023904 TI - Rat cerebellar cells in tissue culture. II. Immunocytochemical identification of replicating cells in astrocyte-enriched cultures. AB - Astrocyte-enriched monolayer cultures were obtained by growing cells dissociated from 8-day-old rat cerebella pretreated with hydroxyurea. After 7 days in vitro a carpet of flat polygonal cells was obtained. The identity of these flat cells was established and their numbers quantified using immunological markers for astrocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells (antisera against fibrillary acidic protein and Thy-1, and Chagasic sera respectively). A combination of (3H] thymidine autoradiography and immunocytochemistry showed extensive replication of astrocytes, the number of which rose from about 20 to 80% of the total cells during the 1st week in vitro: 80% of these cells were labelled at 7 days after exposure to thymidine on the 1st day in culture. The culture conditions chosen did not support the survival of nerve cells. and fibroblasts constituted 5-7% of the cells at 7-14 DIV, whilst the total cell number remained roughly constant. On the other hand, staining with a new specific marker for endothelial cells revealed that these cells divided actively, ultimately accounting for the majority of the non-astrocytic cells. PMID- 7023905 TI - [Bacteriological examination of intravascular catheters - a diagnostic aid for unidentified sepsis]. PMID- 7023906 TI - [Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its clinical use]. PMID- 7023907 TI - [The changing status of the child over the centuries]. PMID- 7023908 TI - [Developments in the laboratory diagnosis of diseases of the exocrine pancreas (author's transl)]. AB - Laboratory tests are the object of continuous interest in acute as well as chronic pancreatic disease. Enzymic assays play an important role, particularly in screening for pancreatic disease. The diagnostic contribution of amylase, isoamylases, immunoreactive trypsin and lactoferrin, ribonuclease and galactosyltransferase, as well as the problem of chronic nonpancreatic hyperamylasemia is reviewed. Functional methods detect a normal or abnormal function and in this sense the results should be interpreted. Present evaluation of the pancreozymin-secretin test, the Lundh test, fecal chymotrypsin, determination of stimulated chymotrypsin secretion by peroral synthetic substrates marked with 4-aminobenzoic acid, duodenal excretion of 75Se-methionine and plasma pancreatic polypeptide is given. Up to now, immunologic methods have not fulfilled the expectations in spite of considerable attention paid to them in recent years. PMID- 7023909 TI - [Prognostically favorable management of defects using cast fillings]. PMID- 7023910 TI - [Practical efficacy of crowns and inlays]. PMID- 7023911 TI - [Clinical and technical laboratory problems of subgingival preparation borders]. PMID- 7023912 TI - [Suitable cast alloys for making inlays and onlays]. PMID- 7023913 TI - [Current opinion on the incorporation of various metals in the oral cavity]. PMID- 7023914 TI - [Endodontic endosseous dowel implant]. PMID- 7023915 TI - [Surgical tooth preservation. Experiments with aluminum oxide-ceramic]. PMID- 7023916 TI - [High-speed grinding treatment of papillary hyperplasia]. PMID- 7023917 TI - [In vitro studies of radiogenic caries in human dental enamel]. PMID- 7023918 TI - [Accuracy of the mold and model in making inlays]. PMID- 7023919 TI - [Electrodiagnosis of non-traumatic peripheral facial paralysis]. PMID- 7023920 TI - Inhibition of the isoprenaline-induced renin release by bilateral vagotomy is mediated by vasopressin. AB - The influence of cervical vagotomy on the isoprenaline-induced renin and vasopressin release was investigated in rats. Plasma vasopressin levels were measured using a specific radioimmunoassay. Bilateral vagotomy enhanced the isoprenaline-provoked vasopressin release; however, the simultaneous increase in plasma renin concentration was diminished. This effect of bilateral vagotomy on renin release could be mimicked by i.v. infusion of vasopressin into rats whose vagi remained intact. On the other hand, in Brattleboro rats with vasopressin deficiency, bilateral vagotomy did not modify renin release. We conclude that, after bilateral vagotomy, isoprenaline elevated plasma vasopressin levels, which then attenuated the concurrent renin release, substantiating that endogenous vasopressin might participate in the control of renin release. PMID- 7023921 TI - Enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay for plasma renin activity. I. Comparison of the methods. AB - Sensitive and specific enzyme and radioimmunoassays have been developed for the determination of renin activity. These methods are based upon the determination of angiotensin I generated by endogenous renin and angiotensinogen. An antibody trapping technique was used, while the addition of chemicals to the plasma, used until now as inhibitors for converting enzyme and angiotensinases, was eliminated. The angiotensin I was labelled with horseradish peroxidase for enzyme immunoassay and with iodine-125 for radioimmunoassay. Antibody bound and free labelled antigen were separated from each other by a second antibody polyethyleneglycol method (enzyme immunoassay) and by charcoal-dextran adsorption (radioimmunoassay). The values of renin activity in human plasma determined by enzyme immunoassay correlated well with those obtained by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7023922 TI - Vitamin D and pregnancy: the maternal-fetal metabolism of vitamin D. AB - A model of the maternal-fetal metabolism of vitamin D3 is depicted in Fig. 2. 25 OHD3 of maternal origin is metabolized by the maternal kidneys to the potent metabolite, 1,25-(OH)2D3, which acts on the maternal intestine, kidneys, and skeleton. The maternal kidneys and other organs can produce 24,25-(OH)2D3, although this pathway may be suppressed near the end of gestation. The placenta has selective permeability to the vitamin D3 metabolites, with 25-OHD3 crossing from the mother to the fetus more readily than the dihydroxylated metabolites. The onset of the placental synthesis of 1,25-(OH)2D3 during gestation is unknown. Likewise the regulation of the placental 25-OHD3-1 alpha-hydroxylase is unknown. 1,25-(OH)2D3 of placental origin may enter the maternal or the fetal circulation or act locally on the placenta by inducing the synthesis of proteins involved in the cellular transport of Ca. Perhaps one placenta cell type synthesizes 1,25 (OH)2D3 and another cell type possessing a cytoplasmic receptor for 1,25-(OH)2D3 responds to this metabolite. The function of the 24,25-(OH)2D3 produced by the placenta is unknown. The concentration of free 25-OHD3 and free 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the fetal circulation exceeds the maternal levels due to the differences in the DBP concentrations of the two bloodstreams. The 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the fetal bloodstream may originate from either the placenta or the fetal kidneys. The latter site may not be active in utero due to the hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia relative to the maternal levels of these ions. 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the fetal bloodstream acts on those fetal tissues containing cytoplasmic receptors for this metabolite. The intestinal mucosa apparently lacks these receptors until sometime during neonatal life. In contrast, fetal bone cells possess receptors for the 1,25-(OH)2D3. The 24,25-(OH)2D3 in the fetal bloodstream may also be involved in the growth and differentiation of the fetal skeleton. However, the precise role of both metabolites in the fetus remains conjectural. PMID- 7023923 TI - A rapid and simple scheme for confirmation of Salmonella tester strain phenotype. AB - A simple scheme has been developed for confirming the phenotype of the standard set of Salmonella typhimurium tester strains. This scheme employs a series of filter paper discs impregnated with diagnostic mutagens or bacterial toxins. Up to 6 diagnostic discs can be placed on a petri dish to test a single Salmonella strain. The Salmonellae are distinguished by their responses to ampicillin, crystal violet, nitrofuratoin, 9-aminoacridine, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine and sodium azide. PMID- 7023924 TI - Increased cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of diesel fuel after reaction with NO2. AB - Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of diesel fuel aromatics detected polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from naphthalenes to phenanthrenes, but no four or five-ring aromatics. This aromatic fraction treated with NO2 was found to contain nitro-aromatics, but only the naphthalene and biphenyl nitro-aromatics were detectable by direct GC/MS. By reduction of the nitro groups to amines, diazotization and reduction to yield aryl-iodides, it was possible to demonstrate that nitro-derivatives of most of the starting aromatics were present after NO2 treatment. Diesel fuel was separated into aliphatic and aromatic fractions by extraction with diethyl sulfoxide. These fractions were devoid of mutagenic activity in the Ames bioassay and exhibited low cytotoxicity to CHO cells in culture. However, after reaction with NO2, the products contained frameshift mutagens which did not require activation by S-9 microsomal enzymes. The biological activity of the NO2-treated aromatic fraction from fuel was more than 40 times greater in Salmonella TA100 than fuel aliphatics treated with NO2. The LC50 to CHO cells in culture increased more than fivefold for aromatics and more than tenfold for aliphatics. Similar to the diesel exhaust particulate extract, the cytotoxicity of the nitrated fractions was decreased by serum and glutathione. Reaction of fuel aromatics with NO2 may be one mechanism which contributes to the formation of cytotoxic and mutagenic activities in diesel exhaust. PMID- 7023925 TI - Mutagenicity of the mycotoxin botryodiplodin in the Salmonella typhimurium/microsomal activation test. PMID- 7023926 TI - The carcinogenicity of beryllium. AB - Beryllium, some of its alloys, and a variety of its compounds have induced malignant tumors of the lung and osteogenic sarcoma in experimental animals. Three animal species, monkeys, rabbits, and rats, have been shown to be susceptible. Beryllium induces morphological transformation in mammalian cells and enhances viral transformation of mammalian cells. It has been shown to decrease fidelity of DNA synthesis. It has been recognized that exposure to compounds of this metal will, in some individuals, result in a chronic granulomatous disease of the lung. A series of overlapping recent human epidemiological studies have been suggestive of an increase in the incidence of lung cancer in populations occupationally exposed to beryllium. Such studies, together with animal and in vitro studies, argue for the strong presumption of a carcinogenic hazard to man in occupational beryllium exposures. PMID- 7023927 TI - Role of cadmium in carcinogenesis with special reference to cancer of the prostate. AB - It has been shown in animal experiments that injections of large amounts of cadmium cause sarcoma at injection sites or testicular damage and eventually testicular tumors. Long-term exposure with small doses of cadmium has not caused testicular or prostatic tumors in experimental animals. Epidemiological studies on cadmium-exposed workers have shown excess deaths due to prostatic cancer in at least three independent investigations. All reported cases probably had considerable exposure decades ago, but there are not enough data to permit any dose-response calculations. The general epidemiology of prostatic cancer was not taken into account in any of the studies. A review of recent literature on epidemiology of prostatic cancer has revealed some basic facts. Small latent prostatic cancer has been shown to be as common in areas with low mortality from prostatic cancer as in areas with high mortality. In the U.S. the black population has a much higher death rate from prostatic cancer than the white population. Marital status has also been implied as a factor in the development of prostatic cancer. Black populations in Africa have much lower death rates than blacks in the U.S., which may depend on large differences in dietary habits. Thus racial, sexual and nutritional factors might be important for the development of prostatic cancer, since they may influence hormonal status. Cadmium concentrations in testes and prostate increase during heavy exposure, and it has been shown that testosterone synthesis will decrease in cadmium-exposed animals. Excessive exposure may interfere with the zinc/hormone relationship in the prostate, which could be a possible explanation for the development of prostatic cancer in heavily exposed individuals. Direct action of cadmium on the cells is not likely, nor is it probable that low level exposure to cadmium can be a causative factor for prostatic cancer. PMID- 7023928 TI - The carcinogenicity of chromium. AB - The carcinogenicity of chromium compounds is reviewed with specific attention to the gaps in knowledge for risk estimation and research needs. The most important problems at present are whether trivalent chromium compounds cause cancer, and whether there is a difference in cancer causing effects between the soluble and the slightly soluble hexavalent compounds in the practical exposure situation. Dose estimates for risk estimation based on epidemiological investigations are also lacking. Present evidence indicates that the trivalent chromium compounds do not cause cancer although high concentrations in some in vitro systems have shown genetic toxicity. Hexavalent chromium compounds cause cancer in humans, in experimental animals and exert genetic toxicity in bacteria and in mammalian cells in vitro. Epidemiological evidence and animal experiments indicate that the slightly soluble hexavalent salts are the most potent carcinogens, but proper identification and characterization of exposure patterns in epidemiological work are lacking. Workers also tend to have mixed exposures. Soluble and slightly soluble salts are equally potent genotoxic agents in vitro. Further work for establishing dose estimates for risk evaluation in epidemiological work is important. In vitro systems should be applied for further identification of the mechanism of the carcinogenic effects, and animal experiments are urgent for comparison of the carcinogenic potency of the different hexavalent salts. Hexavalent chromium salts must be regarded as established carcinogens, and proper action should be taken in all industries with regard to such exposure. At present the carcinogenic risk to the general population caused by chromium compounds seems to be negligible, chromium in cigarettes, however, is an uncertainty in this respect. The amount of chromium and the type of chromium compounds inhaled from cigarettes is not known. PMID- 7023929 TI - Role of cobalt, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, platinum, selenium, and titanium in carcinogenesis. AB - The possible carcinogenicity of cobalt, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, platinum, selenium, and titanium is reviewed, taking into account epidemiological data, the results of animal experimental studies, data on mutagenic effects and on other in vitro test systems. Of the great variety of occupations where exposure to one of these metals may occur, only haematite mining has been clearly shown to involve an increased human cancer risk. While the possibility that haematite might in some way act as a carcinogen has to be taken into consideration it is more likely that other carcinogens are responsible. Certain platinum coordination complexes are used in cancer chemotherapy, are mutagenic, and likely to be carcinogenic. Cobalt, its oxide and sulfide, certain lead salts, one organomanganese, and one organotitanium compound have been shown to have a limited carcinogenic effect in experimental animal studies, and except for titanium appear to be mutagenic. Certain mercury compounds are mutagenic but none have been shown to be carcinogenic. The presently available data are inadequate to assess the possible carcinogenicity of selenium compounds, but a few observations suggest that selenium may suppress the effect of other carcinogens administered to experimental animals and may even be associated with lower cancer mortality rates in man. Epidemiological observations are essential for the assessment of a human cancer risk, but the difficulty in collecting past exposure data in occupational groups and the complexity of multiple occupational exposures with changes over time, limits the usefulness of retrospective epidemiological studies. PMID- 7023931 TI - Chromosome aberrations and their relevance to metal carcinogenesis. AB - Scoring for structural chromosome abnormalities is one of the only practical methods available for detecting visual damage in human genetic material. Cytogenetic tests in vivo and in vitro have shown the clastogenic potential of a number of metals and metal compounds. The difficulties in in vivo studies lie in identifying a specific clastogen in an occupational setting, where simultaneous exposure to a number of organic and inorganic chemicals is a common phenomenon. Metals known to be carcinogens in animals also tend to possess chromosome damaging properties, even though more extensive studies are needed before any conclusive evidence can be reached. The visible chromosomal damage produced by exposure to metal compounds should be considered as a warning indication of potentially adverse genetic and somatic effects in humans. PMID- 7023930 TI - Effects of metals in in vitro bioassays. AB - The capacity of in vitro bioassays to detect the potential carcinogenicity of metal compounds is reviewed. The in vitro bioassays discussed include: bacterial reversion analysis to determine the capacity of metal salts to revert Salmonella typhimurium histidine auxotrophs or to revert Escherichia coli WP 2 tryp- to tryptophan prototrophy; examination of the ability of metal salts to preferentially inhibit cell growth in Bacillus subtilis cells deficient in DNA repair pathways; determination of the ability of metal salts to induce resistance to base analogs in mammalian cells; the capacity of metal salts to enhance viral transformation of mammalian cells or to transform cells in the absence of virus; and the ability of metal salts to induce chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells. Using each of these in vitro bioassays, diverse metal compounds have been identified as potential carcinogens. Furthermore, the use of different compounds of a specific metal may allow a determination of the valence which may be required for carcinogenesis. PMID- 7023932 TI - Relationship between metal toxicity to subcellular systems and the carcinogenic response. AB - The effects of metals on subcellular organelle functions have been reviewed in relation to carcinogenesis. Perturbations of the normal uptake and metabolism of carcinogens can arise through changes in microsomal enzyme activities, membrane permeabilities, and cell turnover. Metal effects on heme-dependent oxidative functions are well documented and are primarily manifested by increased heme degradation rates (microsomal heme oxygenase activity), decreased heme production (mitochondrial and cytosolic heme biosynthetic enzymes) and, in the case of a few metals, through nuclear effects of metals on the induction of microsomal enzymes. Many metals are accumulated by lysosomes, but known effects of metals on the function of these organelles in sequestering and storing organic compounds are few. Studies of changes in plasma or mitochondrial membrane permeabilities by metals have centered mainly on the susceptibility of membrane ATPase activities to metal ion alteration and on the involvement of metals in lipid peroxidation and free radical formation. Knowledge of the effects of metals on subcellular organelle functions should aid in the understanding of the mechanisms by which metal ions may play a role in the carcinogenic response. PMID- 7023934 TI - Sources, transport and alterations of metal compounds: an overview. I. Arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, and nickel. AB - An overview is presented of the current state of knowledge of the salient aspects of the sources, transport, and alterations of arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, and nickel. This information is considered vital for a better assessment of the scope of potential human hazard to these ubiquitous toxicants and their compounds. Stress is focused on both natural and industrial activities, particularly on the latter's projected trends. Increasing use patterns per se of most of these metals, as well as aspects of waste disposal and the anticipated increased combustion of fossil fuels for power generation and space heating (particularly in the United States), are major causes of potential health concern. Additionally, attention is drawn to the need for increased research to fill the gaps in our knowledge in these vital areas, all in the hope of permitting a more facile identification and quantification of the potential hazard to exposure to these agents. PMID- 7023933 TI - The role of metals in carcinogenesis: biochemistry and metabolism. AB - The oxyanions of vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, arsenic, and selenium are stable forms of these elements in high oxidation states which cross cell membranes using the normal phosphate and/or sulfate transport systems of the cell. Once inside the cell, these oxyanions may sulfuryl transfer reactions. Often the oxyanions serve as alternate enzyme substrates but form ester products which are hydrolytically unstable compared with the sulfate and phosphate esters and, therefore, decompose readily in aqueous solution. Arsenite and selenite are capable of reacting with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. Some cells are able to metabolize redox active oxyanions to forms of the elements in other stable oxidation states. Specific enzymes may be involved in the metabolic processes. The metabolites of these elements may form complexes with small molecules, proteins and nucleic acids which inhibit their ability to function properly. The divalent ions of beryllium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, mercury, and lead are stable forms of these elements which may mimic essential divalent ions such as magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, or zinc. These ions may complex small molecules, enzymes, and nucleic acids in such a way that the normal activity of these species is altered. Free radicals may be produced in the presence of these metal ions which damage critical cellular molecules. PMID- 7023935 TI - Metal interactions in carcinogenesis: enhancement, inhibition. AB - Metals constitute a fundamentally important part of the total human environment. Since human exposure often involves complex mixtures of metal compounds and, possibly, organic compounds which may be carcinogenic per se, interactions between these compounds may add significantly to human cancer risk. Our present knowledge about these kinds of interactions is very limited. The best investigated area is benzo(a)pyrene (BP)-metal oxide particle interactions in respiratory carcinogenesis in the hamster. Metal oxide particles were also shown to modify the carcinogenic effect of nitrosamines. Several reports describe experiments in which selenium compounds exerted a generally anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activity. Inorganic arsenic compounds, which are accepted to be carcinogenic in man, have so far been negative in animal experiments except for one recent suggested report. Several authors have, however, suggested that these compounds may act as cocarcinogens due to their inhibition of DNA repair, although animal experiments to demonstrate a cocarcinogenic effect of arsenic compounds have been negative so far, except for one preliminary report. The concentration of zinc in the diet seemed to influence both transplanted tumor growth and the carcinogenicity of several organic compounds, and the possibility of a correlation between dietary zinc and certain cancer forms in man has been suggested. Protection against development of Leydigiomas usually induced by cadmium injection was afforded by simultaneous injection of zinc salts. Nickel carcinogenesis has been reported to be antagonized by manganese, and synergism between Ni and organic carcinogens, e.g. BP, has been demonstrated. There is no firm evidence that lead may be a cocarcinogen, although some limited experimental evidence is available. Oxidizing agents have been demonstrated to increase, and reducing agents to antagonize, the mutagenic effect of chromium compounds in vitro. The content of carcinogenic and other metals in asbestos has been suggested to modify the carcinogenic properties of asbestos. Since much of the information available at present is suggestive, further research on these interactions as well as other possible interactions in metal carcinogenesis is needed. Studies should be made both in well defined in vitro systems and in relevant animal models. PMID- 7023936 TI - The carcinogenicity of arsenic. AB - A carcinogenic role of inorganic arsenic has been suspected for nearly a century. Exposure to inorganic arsenic compounds occurs in some occupational groups, e.g., among smelter workers and workers engaged in the production and use of arsenic containing pesticides. Substantial exposure can also result from drinking water in certain areas and the use of some drugs. Tobacco and wine have had high As concentrations due to the use of arsenic containing pesticides. Inorganic arsenic compounds interfere with DNA repair mechanisms and an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations have been observed among exposed workers and patients. Epidemiological data show that inorganic arsenic exposure can cause cancer of the lung and skin. The evidence of an etiologic role of arsenic for angiosarcoma of the liver is highly suggestive; however, the association between arsenic and cancer of other sites needs further investigation. No epidemiological data are available on exposure to organic arsenic compounds and cancer. Animal carcinogenicity studies involving exposure to various inorganic and organic arsenic compounds by different routes have been negative, with the possible exception of some preliminary data regarding lung cancer and leukemia. Some studies have indicated an increased mortality from lung cancer in populations living near point emission sources of arsenic into the air. The role of arsenic cannot be evaluated due to lack of exposure data. Epidemiological data suggest that the present WHO standard for drinking water (50 micrograms As/l.) provides only a small safety margin with regard to skin cancer. PMID- 7023937 TI - Mechanisms of asbestos carcinogenesis. PMID- 7023938 TI - Aerometric and hair trace metal content in learning-disabled children. PMID- 7023939 TI - Enzyme changes during experimental silicotic fibrosis. I. PZ peptidase and collagen deposition in the lungs. PMID- 7023940 TI - Dependence on pH of parameters of lactose transport in Escherichia coli. Evidence for an essential protonated group of the carrier. AB - The kinetic parameters Km and V of transported by the lactose permease of Escherichia coli have been explored in the pH range 4.8--9.2. Besides uphill transport of methylthiogalactoside, two other criteria have been used. Downhill transport of o-nitrophenylgalactoside and substrate protection of the carrier against thiol reagents have both been explored in normal aerated cells and in cells inhibited by cyanide plus azide, therefore unable to build up a proton motive force. V of the transport processes did not exhibit a major pH dependence that would support an essential protonation. Ktransport for methylthiogalactoside and for o-nitrophenylgalactoside in the energized and in the inhibited state did not show a sharp pH dependence between pH 4.8 and 8.0, but increased between pH 8 and 9, as would be expected if there were an essential protonated group with a pK of 8--8.4, depending on the test utilized. Substrate protection allowed the calculation of a Kprotection which was close to the corresponding Ktransport and was also largely independent of pH between 5 and 8 and independent of energy supply. The role of energization in substrate-carrier binding and the role of the essential protonation in the context of the proton symptom model are discussed. PMID- 7023941 TI - Polyamine requirement for streptomycin action on protein synthesis in bacteria. AB - The effect of streptomycin on polypeptide synthesis in vivo and in vitro has been investigated using polyamine auxotrophic mutants of Escherichia coli grown in the presence or in the absence of putrescine. We found that streptomycin caused a marked inhibition of protein synthesis in polyamine-supplemented cells whereas bacteria starved for polyamines were less sensitive to the action of the antibiotic. Neomycin, kanamycin and kasugamycin had a behaviour similar to streptomycin while spectinomycin, gentamicin and tetracycline brought about a strong inhibition of protein synthesis both in polyamine-starved and unstarved bacteria. The increase of misreading induced by the addition of streptomycin in vivo was higher in extracts derived from bacteria cultivated in the presence of polyamines. This effect was observed in cell-free systems of streptomycin sensitive and resistant strains. In contrast, spermidine added in vitro caused an improvement in the accuracy of translocation. Analysis of sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the labelled polypeptides synthesized in vivo seems to indicate that the starvation for polyamine or the presence of streptomycin may lead to premature termination with the appearance of unfinished peptide chains. PMID- 7023942 TI - The role of penicillin-proteins in the action of cephalosporins against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7023943 TI - Role of phosphorylation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the cardiac response to catecholamines. PMID- 7023944 TI - The diastolic filling of the left ventricle. PMID- 7023945 TI - Propafenone--a new antiarrhythmic drug. PMID- 7023946 TI - The continuous murmur of persistence of the ductus arteriosus-an historical review. PMID- 7023947 TI - Long-term treatment of congestive heart failure by captopril: hemodynamic, biological and clinical effects. PMID- 7023948 TI - Pulmonary edema in man: comparison of capillary filtration pressure, quantification by means of the double indicator-dilution method, and clinical observations. PMID- 7023949 TI - "Mater puerorum'. A medieval naming for an enigmatic children's disease. AB - The pediatric clinical entity called "Mater Puerorum' appears first in the latin translation of Rhazes' "Practica Puerorum' and in his "Continens'. His descriptions of the disease could give some likeness either to a diagnosis of night terrors, or of hyperpyretic convulsions, or of a slight form of epilepsy. Mater Puerorum is afterwards described by most pediatric authors till the Renaissance period without much originality. Rhazes being one of their main sources anyway. Mater Puerorum has been considered by Still and Radbill as a synonym for hysterical fits in children. Going back to the Arabic original naming: Ummu's Sibyan, we venture another etymology based on Babylonian-Judeo Arabic demonology. The "Mother of the Children' could be the female demon Karina- or Lilith--which is said to come to plague the children at night. The naming Mater Puerorum could thus be ascribed to a folklore origin, rather than to hysteria. PMID- 7023950 TI - Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and aspects of neurotoxic effects of four inhaled aliphatic chlorohydrocarbon solvents as relevant in man. AB - Intermittent inhalation exposure of adult male rats to dichloromethane, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, perchloroethylene or to a combination of trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane for 5 days, for 6 h daily, induced significantly different accumulations of solvent molecules in the body. Adipose tissue served as a storage site for these solvents. The fat-stored molecules were not totally mobilized during the intermissions in exposure. Co-exposure of trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane induced higher accumulations than those induced by exposure to a single solvent in both the body and the brain. This increase in the accumulation of trichloroethylene might be due to competition with 1,1,1-trichloroethane for a binding site in the oxidative enzyme complex. Behavioural and neurochemical effects on trichloroethylene and dichloromethane exposure may be due to the formation of reactive metabolites. Experiments with 1,1,1-trichloroethane singly or in combination with trichloroethylene showed no observable behavioural effects. Perchloroethylene induced effects were similarly small although, it caused the highest body concentration detected in these experiments. The metabolic activation of solvent molecules appears to also be a significant factor in neurotoxicity. Therefore biochemical interactions of agents occurring simultaneously in the environment, merit further consideration. PMID- 7023951 TI - Computerized automated diagnosis of cerebellar syndromes. PMID- 7023952 TI - Remote memory and age: a review. AB - The study of very long-term (remote) memory has recently received increased attention. This article reviews the findings obtained regarding remote memory and age, as well as the difficulties involved with each method of investigation. Some studies have found older people show somewhat poorer memory relative to the young, but this is typically found for both recent and remote events. Other studies have found older people's memory for remote information holds up well, although it is typically not superior to memory for recent information. Age deficits seem to be small, or even nonexistent, when this customarily naturally acquired information is the basis of concern. There has been no substantial evidence upholding Ribot's Law, which postulates that material is forgotten in the reverse order in which it was acquired. While there are problems inherent in each of the methods thus far employed, the potential ecological validity of remote memory renders it worthy of further investigation. PMID- 7023953 TI - Glomerular basement membrane changes in aging nondiabetic and diabetic guinea pigs. AB - Glomerular hyperplasia and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane increase with age in humans and animals. This glomerulopathy can be enhanced by hyperglycemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. When diabetic guinea pigs were examined by fluorescent microscopy, deposits of a substance similar to immunoglobulin G (IgG) were seen. Comparison with nondiabetic age-matched control animals suggest that glomerulopathy is related to aging, and can be further enhanced by hyperglycemia. PMID- 7023954 TI - B cell heterogeneity. II. Transplantation resistance in xid mice which affects the ontogeny of B cell subpopulations. PMID- 7023955 TI - Lack of age-associated auto-anti-idiotypic antibody regulation in mucosal associated lymph nodes. PMID- 7023956 TI - Effect of captopril on cardiovascular, sympathetic and vasopressin responses to hemorrhage. AB - Spontaneous blood pressure recovery following hemorrhage in anesthetized rats is almost completely blocked by administration of captopril. This occurs despite comparable or enhanced increases in plasma levels of catecholamines and vasopressin. These findings suggest that angiotensin II, the formation of which is blocked by captopril, is essential to acute blood pressure recovery following hemorrhage and that changes in catecholamines or vasopressin are insufficient to sustain pressure recovery. The data also indicate that angiotensin II formation is not essential in the hemorrhagic stimulation of vasopressin or catecholamines. PMID- 7023957 TI - Growth regulation of WI38 cells in s serum-free medium. PMID- 7023958 TI - Multiplication of human diploid fibroblasts in a synthetic medium supplemented with EGF, insulin, and dexamethasone. PMID- 7023959 TI - A method for the immobilization of living Tetrahymena. PMID- 7023960 TI - Photoengraving of coverslips and slides to facilitate monitoring of micromanipulated cells or chromosome spreads. PMID- 7023961 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: isolation and characterization of a proteinase. PMID- 7023962 TI - Carcinogenesis and aging. I. Modifying effects of aging on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induced carcinogenesis in female rats. AB - 3- or 14-month-old female rats were intravenously injected N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU), 50 mg/kg body weight, 2 or 4 times weekly. There was a direct correlation between the incidence of mammary carcinomas and MNU doses. Kidney tumors occurred inversely proportional to the dose of the carcinogen. Mammary adenocarcinomas were only observed in young MNU-treated rats. Cervicovaginal malignant tumors were only observed in old MNU-treated rats. The incidence of hematopoietic system tumors was the same in animals of both age groups. Rats treated with MNU showed acceleration of benign spontaneous tumor development. The effect of aging on the initial stage of MNU-induced carcinogenesis is believed to be determined by age associated changes in the proliferative activity of target tissues. The effect of aging on the further development of carcinogenesis may be caused by age associated hormonal, metabolic, and immunological shifts. PMID- 7023963 TI - Irreversible inactivation of yeast glucose-6-P dehydrogenase by penicillin G. AB - Yeast glucose-6-P dehydrogenase is irreversibly inactivated by penicillin G. Kinetic data show that 1 molecule of penicillin G reacts with each active unit when the enzyme is inactivated. The rate of inactivation increases greatly with increasing pH. This irreversible inactivation by penicillin G is largely prevented by pyridoxal-P, a reversible inactivator or this enzyme. Prior treatment of penicillin G with penicillinase totally abolishes its ability to inactivate the enzyme. PMID- 7023964 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of galactocerebroside in kidney, liver, and lung of golden hamster. AB - Localization of galactocerebroside in kidney, liver, and lung of hamster was studied by the immunoperoxidase method using an affinity-purified specific antibody. Epithelial cells of the following anatomical sites were labelled with the antibody: distal tubuli, ascending limbs of Henle's loops, and collecting tubuli in kidney; periportal bile ducts and hepatic parenchyma in liver; bronchioli and alveoli in lung. The existence of galactocerebroside in these 3 organs was also confirmed by chemical analysis. PMID- 7023965 TI - Bombesin, calcitonin and leu-enkephalin immunoreactivity in endocrine cells of human lung. PMID- 7023966 TI - Active and inactive renin in dog plasma before and after bilateral nephrectomy. AB - No significant amounts of inactive renin could be demonstrated by in vivo treatment (acidification or cryotreatment) of dog plasma obtained before and after bilateral nephrectomy. After bilateral nephrectomy, total and active renin were cleared from the plasma following similar disappearance curves, and dropped to half of their initial value within 30 min. PMID- 7023967 TI - Demonstration of particulate accumulations in solid tissue. AB - We describe a histological clearing procedure involving partial tissue hydrolysis by pancreatin and demonstrate its application. Changes in distribution of 5.7 micrometers latex particles in mouse liver and heart muscle 6 months after i.v. latex injection were quantitated. The method is useful for studied of long-term redistribution of particles in vivo and for locating large, infrequent particles which are difficult to find by ordinary tissue-sectioning technique. PMID- 7023968 TI - Serum levels of digoxin administered in soft gelatin capsules and tablets and evaluated by both radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay. PMID- 7023969 TI - [Neuropharmacology of apomorphine (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7023970 TI - [Pharmacology of ocular hemodynamics (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7023971 TI - [Modern X-ray contrast media applicable to intravenous cholangiocholecystography (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7023972 TI - Mutagenic activity of three monofunctional and three bifunctional furocoumarins in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). AB - The mutagenic activity of photoadditions induced by 4,5'-dimethylangelicin (4,5' DMA), 3-carbethoxypsoralen (3-CPs), angelicin, 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), 5 methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) and 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (TMP), was studied in haploid yeast cells at the nuclear and cytoplasmic levels. With regard to the induction of cell killing 4,5'-DMA and 3-CPs were about 5 to 6 times more active than 8-MOP probably due to an efficient repair of 4,5'-DMA or 3'CPs induced monoadditions in DNA. 4,5'-DMA was about 5-fold less active than angelicin, reflecting the different photoreactivities of the compounds towards DNA. In accord with its monofunctional activity, 4,5'-DMA was less efficient on the induction of nuclear reversions but more efficient on the induction of cytoplasmic "petite" mutants per viable cell than 8-MOP and the other bifunctional compounds. In contrast to 3-CPs and angelicin, the reversion induction by 4,5'-DMA followed a 2 hit kinetics. For the induction of CanR forward mutants per viable cell 4,5'-DMA was more efficient than 3-CPs and approached the activity of 8-MOP; angelicin, 5-MOP and TMP were slightly more efficient than 8-MOP, whereas 3-CPs was clearly less efficient. Thus, the monofunctional furocoumarins exert different genotoxic effects when compared on a survival basis. Cell killing effects in the presence and in the absence of oxygen were also evaluated. PMID- 7023973 TI - Mutation in bacteria produced in the dark by furocoumarins activated by rat liver microsomes. PMID- 7023974 TI - 4'-Methylangelicin derivatives: a new group of highly photosensitizing monofunctional furocoumarins. AB - The photobiological properties of three new angelicin derivatives carrying a methyl-group in 4' position at the furanic ring have been studied. In double irradiation experiments on E. coli cells, they appeared to behave as monofunctional reactives towards DNA, similarly to the other angelicin derivatives previously studied. In short-term experiments such as the studies on macromolecular synthesis in Ehrlich ascites cells, in which the assay is performed that after irradiation, before DNA repair an intervene significantly, 4'-methylangelicin derivatives produced an inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis 10 times higher than angelicin, the parent compound, and about 3.5 times higher than 4,5'-dimethylangelicin and psoralen, all assumed as reference compounds. In long term experiments such as the studies on tumor transmission to healthy mice by injection of sensitized Ehrlich ascites cells, or on the survival of E. coli cells, in which DNA repair is active, 4'-methylangelicin derivatives appeared to be several times more active than angelicin and 4,5'-dimethylangelicin, and sometimes also more active than psoralen, a well-known, effective and cross linking furocoumarin. While, as already observed, angelicin and 4,5' dimethylangelicin failed to induce erythema on guinea-pig skin, 4' methylangelicin derivatives proved to be phototoxic; however in comparison with the cross-linking psoralen, much higher amounts of substance and radiation doses were required. The erythema produced by 4'-methylangelicin derivatives presents some typical features of cross-linking furocoumarins, such as a long latency period and insensitivity to the anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 7023975 TI - Outcome of the in vitro studies on drug absorption employing the isolated rat small intestine. AB - The in vitro methods for studying the intestinal absorption of drugs involving the use of the isolated rat small intestine are reviewed in order to provide indications on their actual usefulness and limitations. The most significant works dealing with the structural integrity of the intestinal mucosa, the functional integrity of the isolated intestine, the factors influencing passive transport such as pH, sugars, ions, physiological and synthetic surface-active agents, and complexation, are reviewed. PMID- 7023976 TI - ADP-ribosylation of sarcolemma membrane proteins in the presence of cholera toxin and its influence on insulin-stimulated membrane protein kinase activity. PMID- 7023977 TI - Insulin-dependent protein phosphorylation in membranes. Isolation and characterization of a phosphorylated proteolipid from sarcolemma. PMID- 7023978 TI - Physical parameters of Escherichia coli translational initiation factor 3 binding to poly(A). PMID- 7023979 TI - Study of the interaction of Escherichia coli initiation factor IF2 with formylmethionyl-tRNAMetf by partial digestion with cobra venom ribonuclease. PMID- 7023980 TI - Immobilized D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase can exist as a trimer. PMID- 7023981 TI - Topography of interaction of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase subunits with lac UV5 promoter. PMID- 7023982 TI - Effects of low frequency electrical stimulation on enzyme and isozyme patterns of dystrophic mouse muscle. PMID- 7023983 TI - Metabolism of macromolecular methyl groups in Escherichia coli. Whole cell NMR spectroscopy. PMID- 7023984 TI - Peptidyl-puromycin synthesis on polysomes from starving bacteria. PMID- 7023985 TI - Primary structure of protein S2 from the Escherichia coli ribosome. PMID- 7023986 TI - The major proglucagon fragment: an abundant islet protein and secretory product. PMID- 7023987 TI - Role of valence and the cytoskeleton in the insulin-like activity of concanavalin A. PMID- 7023988 TI - N-acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramyl-dipeptide, a novel murein building block formed during the cell division cycle of Proteus mirabilis. PMID- 7023989 TI - Structural features of the GDP binding site of elongation factor Tu from Escherichia coli as determined by x-ray diffraction. PMID- 7023990 TI - A simple and efficient method for the isolation of DNA polymerase I from bacteria. PMID- 7023991 TI - Ribosomal proteins contacting with deacylated tRNA in the S-site of the translating ribosome. PMID- 7023992 TI - Notes on the history of nutritional anthropometry. AB - This paper reviews briefly the history of the use of growth for assessing nutritional status. The first significant development occurred during the early part of the 19th century when studies of army conscripts and of English working children established that poor growth was a reflection of poverty, malnutrition, and disease. The development of statistics later in the 19th century had an explosive effect on growth and development research and provided the techniques necessary for the elaboration of growth standards. The preferred indicator of nutritional status during the early part of the 20th century was weight for height, children being usually considered undernourished if they were 10% below the ideal weight for height and age. It was not until the 1940's that longitudinal growth data arising from the studies implemented in the 1920's and 1930's became available for use as percentile standards. The appropriateness of Western growth standards for developing countries became a topic of debate as many anthropometric surveys began to be carried out in developing countries after World War II. Efforts to develop valid, reliable, and simple indicators of nutritional status for use in developing countries continue to this day. The functional implications of growth retardation, particularly the contrast between stunting and wasting, is likely to be an important subject for future research. PMID- 7023993 TI - Association of early growth patterns with the process of aging. AB - In recent years, significant increases in life expectancy have occurred. This increase has been most pronounced among females. As a result, there were 156 women for every 100 men over age 75 years in the United States in 1970. The sexual disparity of life expectancies has increased throughout this century. The reasons for this trend are unknown. Males experience higher mortality rates in both infectious and degenerative diseases. The prognosis for a male patient is generally poorer no matter what the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis or the course of treatment. It has been shown that the early stages of male growth and development are more susceptible to external perturbations. Thus, growth-maximizing diets have their greatest impact on male children. The connection between male responsiveness to environmental influences during early growth and vulnerability in the later years is significant to the understanding of the aging process. PMID- 7023994 TI - [Review: Problem of the interaction between excitation and inhibition in the formulation of the teachings of Ukhtomskii concerning the principle of the dominant]. PMID- 7023995 TI - [Changes in the plasma renin activity of Wistar and August rats during emotional stress]. PMID- 7023996 TI - [Outline of the development of circulatory physiology in the laboratories of the Academy of Medicine and Surgery (Military Medical) during the 19th century (history of the relation between theory and practice in research work)]. PMID- 7023997 TI - [Il'ia Egorovich Gruzinov (on the 200th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7023998 TI - Evidence for polymorphism of alloantigenic transplantation products of the histocompatibility locus (H-4) in linkage group I of Rattus norvegicus. AB - An alloantigenic transplantation system linked to the gene for albinism in linkage group I of Rattus norvegicus has been identified in the congenic pair LEW -LEW.C-4A and designated H-4. Alloantigenic transplantation products of the H-4 system are relatively "weak" because the majority of skin grafts exchanged between animals of the congenic pair (LEW--LEW.C-4A) survive permanently without previous sensitization of the recipients. Presensitization of the congenic recipients with lymphoid cells results in a marked increase in the incidence and acceleration of graft rejection. The testing of F1 hybrids of the eight inbred rat strains with strains LEW and LEW.C-4A by skin or tumour transplantation shows that alleles other than H-4a or H-41 are present in three strains, thereby demonstrating polymorphism of the H-4 system with the existence of minimally three alleles. PMID- 7023999 TI - 100 years of equipment technology for the practice of dentistry. PMID- 7024000 TI - [Delayed treatment of foreign body tattooings of the face by means of punch plastics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024001 TI - [Theodore Gruneberg in the tradition of Halle dermatology]. PMID- 7024002 TI - Bullous pemphigoid associated with radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma. PMID- 7024003 TI - Issue dedicated to Prof. P. Laugier in honour of his 70th birthday. PMID- 7024004 TI - [Psoriasis and pemphigoid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024005 TI - [Lichen planus with linear IgG and C3 deposits at the dermal-epidermal junction (author's transl)]. AB - Report of 4 cases of clinically and histologically typical lichen planus with a linear IgG and C3 deposit at the dermal-epidermal junction in involved (4/4) and healthy (2/2) skin, as detected by direct immunofluorescence. Indirect immunofluorescence was negative (3/3). In these 4 cases, the clinical aspect was different: there were no vesiculo-bullous lesions in case 1; case 2 and 3 were of the partly vesicular type with dermal-epidermal separation only in the involved skin; in case 4, bullae were present on both healthy and lesional skin. This suggests that there might exist a broad spectrum ranging from lichen planus without clinical vesiculo-bullous lesions, but with linear IgG and C3 deposits, to lichen planus associated with clinical, histological and immunological symptoms of bullous pemphigoid. PMID- 7024006 TI - Bullous Sezary syndrome. AB - The clinical course of a patient with Sezary syndrome presenting under bullous form is described. The bullae were flaccid on a non-erythematous base. Indirect and direct immunofluorescence were both negative. In the peripheral blood WBC was high (54,000/mm3) and large cells with T lymphocyte properties and small cells with 'null' cell features were present. Blister fluid contained only large, E rosette positive and alpha-naphthylacetate esterase-positive Sezary cells. A remarkable spontaneous cyclicity was observed: marked reduction in the number of large circulating Sezary cells each time bullae appeared. This suggests that only the large cells were capable of migrating to the skin and from the skin to peripheral blood. PMID- 7024007 TI - Graft compatibility and incompatibility in higher plants. PMID- 7024008 TI - Invertebrate lectins: I. Occurrence. PMID- 7024009 TI - Embryonic differentiation of lymphoid stem cells. A review. PMID- 7024010 TI - The role of opsonins in phagocytosis by coelomocytes of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris. PMID- 7024011 TI - Proliferative capacity and differential mitogen sensitivity of various precursors of B lymphocytes analysed by secondary culture of single clones. PMID- 7024012 TI - L-Glutamic acid dehydrogenase. PMID- 7024013 TI - Evidence for the involvement of chromosomal RNA in heterogeneous RNA formation. PMID- 7024014 TI - Hypoxanthine transport in normal and malaria-infected erythrocytes. PMID- 7024015 TI - Carbohydrate antigens: tribute to Walter Morgan. PMID- 7024016 TI - Catalytic groups in relation to the structure of hexokinase. PMID- 7024017 TI - Periodic abstinence: how well do new approaches work? PMID- 7024018 TI - Hypotensive effect of prekallikrein activator (PKA) in plasma protein fraction (PPF). PMID- 7024019 TI - Incidence and mechanisms of adverse reactions to polypeptides in man and dog. AB - Adverse reactions (pseudoallergic = anaphylactoid (severe) and allergoid (slight)) to polygeline (Haemaccel) are caused by histamine release. The mechanism by which other polypeptides produce these reactions is unfortunately hitherto unknown. "Purification" of Haemaccel led to a drug which was free from anaphylactoid reactions in a controlled clinical trial. Clinically insignificant allergoid reactions to polygeline (restricted to the skin) could be prevented by premedication with H1 + H2-receptor antagonists. PMID- 7024020 TI - Correction of exercise-induced microalbuminuria in insulin-dependent diabetics after 3 weeks of subcutaneous insulin infusion. AB - The effect of metabolic near-normalization, induced by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, on the exaggerated microalbuminuria of exercise was studied in eight insulin-dependent diabetic men selected for normal resting albuminuria. Patients were studied in randomized order during the ordinary glycemic control of conventional insulin treatment (CIT) and after 3 wk of "super-control" with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Seven age-matched healthy men were used as controls. In the diabetics the albuminuric response to fixed-load bicycle exercise (600 kpm/min for 20 min) during CIT greatly exceeded that of the normal controls (P less than 0.01). After 3 wk of optimal plasma glucose control, urinary albumin excretion rates in response to the same exercise load were significantly reduced (P less than 0.02) in the diabetics and became statistically indistinguishable from that of the normal controls. The urinary excretion rate of beta 2-microglobulin, an index of tubular function, was not increased significantly by exercise either during CIT or CSII. The plasma glucose fall after exercise was greater (P greater than 0.001) on CIT (8.5 +/- 0.9 mmol/L) than on CSII (4.0 +/- 0.6 mmol/L). The pulse rate acceleration in response to exercise was significantly reduced after 3 wk of CSII (P less than 0.05). The exercise-induced systolic blood pressure rise was similar in controls and diabetics on both therapeutic regimens. Thus, a period of metabolic near normalization in the diabetic corrects the abnormal transglomerular passage of albumin induced by moderately strenuous muscular exercise and reduces the exercise tachycardia. Improved control with CSII appears to reduce greatly the risk of exercise-induced hypoglycemia, despite much tighter glycemic control. PMID- 7024021 TI - Enhanced glucose utilization during prolonged glucose clamp studies. PMID- 7024022 TI - Subcutaneous, isogeneic transplantation of duct-ligated pancreas in streptozotocin-diabetic mice. Relationships between carbohydrate tolerance and hormone content in transplant or host pancreas. AB - Mice with subcutaneous, isogeneic transplants of duct-ligated pancreas from either two or five donors displayed impaired glucose tolerance to gastric or intravenous glucose, or to an overnight fast followed by a 15-min meal of mouse food. Compared with peripheral insulin responses in normal controls, those of transplant recipients were less after gastric or intravenous glucose, but no different after the meal. Despite normalization of peak insulin levels in the peripheral circulation of isografted mice, glucose clearance was still impaired and this probably resulted, in part, from a relative insufficiency of insulin in the portal circulation. Results of glucose tolerance tests, after transplant recipients consumed a relatively small amount of food, suggested that near-normal glucose homeostasis may be present for these mice under normal feeding conditions. In mice that received incremental doses of streptozotocin, impaired glucose tolerance to a meal was observed if pancreatic insulin content fell below 26% of normal. We failed to show a similar relationship between glucose tolerance and pancreatic insulin content in transplant recipients since all showed impaired glucose tolerance. Despite the initial transplantation of different amounts of islet tissue, at termination insulin content (transplant plus endogenous pancreas) was essentially the same for all recipients, totaling 19-22% of that found in a normal mouse pancreas. PMID- 7024023 TI - Effect of pubertal stage and recent blood glucose control on plasma somatomedin C in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7024024 TI - Demonstration of glucagon in the stomach of human fetuses. AB - Electron microscopy using antiglucagon or antiglicentin antisera and the protein A-gold (pAg) technique revealed a population of immunoreactive cells in the gastric mucosa of human fetuses. The secretory granules of these cells showed the same ultrastructural characteristics and the same labeling pattern as pancreatic alpha-granules. These data demonstrate that the stomach of human fetuses contains cells with secretory granules indistinguishable by morphologic and immunocytochemical criteria from the pancreatic A-cells. PMID- 7024026 TI - The effects of equal caloric amounts of xylitol, sucrose and starch on insulin requirements and blood glucose levels in insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - Xylitol has been suggested as a potentially useful sweetener in the diabetic diet. In 14 insulin-dependent diabetics a standard diabetic diet regimen was compared with diets in which starch was isocalorically exchanged in the breakfast meal by either 30 g xylitol or 30 g sucrose. Insulin requirement and blood glucose were measured using a glucose-controlled insulin infusion system. The results following breakfast with xylitol were similar to those after starch breakfasts. Sucrose, in contrast, induced a greater post-prandial rise in blood glucose levels despite counter-regulation by the glucose-controlled insulin infusion system. Insulin requirement after sucrose significantly exceeded (p less than 0.01) that after xylitol or starch during the first 60 min and 2 h respectively. No short-term side effects of xylitol were found. PMID- 7024027 TI - Lymphocytes from diabetics suppress insulin release in vitro. AB - The insulin response of isolated islet cells to glucose and theophylline in vitro was studied after incubation with lymphocytes. The test was employed to explore cell-mediated immunity in diabetics. A significant inhibition of insulin response to glucose and theophylline as compared to insulin release in a "basal" medium was found after incubation with blood lymphocytes from 21 out of 23 insulin dependent diabetics (mean secretion index 18 +/- 18 versus 118 + 8 (SEM) % in control subjects). Most of the patients studied had associated autoimmune diseases: all of these displayed inhibition of insulin release. In six cases, the diabetes had a recent onset with no associated autoimmune disease: four of them displayed the same inhibition. No inhibition was found in the 26 control subjects and in seven non-insulin-dependent diabetics (mean secretion index 134 +/- 17 versus 145 +/- 23 (SEM) % in four control subjects). Lymphocytes inhibiting islet cell response were not cytotoxic against mouse fibroblasts. Twenty-two insulin dependent diabetics showed islet cell antibodies to human and/or mouse pancreatic islets. However, an inhibition of insulin release was found with no detectable islet cell antibodies in one case, and the converse in two cases. Lymphocyte cytotoxicity to islet cells could play a role in the natural history of insulin dependent diabetes. PMID- 7024025 TI - On insulin secretion. AB - Aspects of insulin secretory mechanisms and models of diabetogenic B cell damage are discussed. Measurements of fluxes of 3H-labelled triphenylmethylphosphonium ion, 86Rb+, 42K+, 22Na+, and 45Ca2+ in isolated islets indicate that the triggering of insulin release depends on alterations in the interaction of ions with the B cells. One difficulty in the detailed analysis of these alterations are uncertainties which arise when macroscopic concepts for homogenous phases are applied to microscopic and heterogenous compartments, as exemplified by the meaning of pH in insulin secretory granules and of membrane electric potential. Nonetheless, the importance of an apparent decreased K+ permeability in mediating the insulin-releasing action of glucose, and of an apparent increased Na+ permeability in mediating the potentiating action of acetylcholine is emphasized. Fluorescent probing of Ca2+ by chlorotetracycline revealed effects of glucose alone as well as glucose-dependent and atropine-sensitive effects of acetylcholine. Although acetylcholine, sulfonylureas, and certain thiol-blocking agents may stimulate insulin release by direct effects on the B cell plasma membrane, a high capacity for D-glucose transmembrane transport has probably evolved in order that the interior of the B cells can always sense the circulating glucose concentration. A signal to secretion is thought to be transmitted from glucose metabolism to altered ion fluxes by intervention of reduced pyridine nucleotides and hypothetical redox protein for which thioredoxin may be a model. The insulin secretory defect in hereditary diabetic C57BL/KsJ db/db-mice is apparently linked to a decreased basal permeability for K+ and a failure of the B cells to decrease further this permeability in response to glucose. Functioning B cells are acutely damaged when exposed to heterologous serum or alloxan in vitro; cytotoxic activation of complement by the alternative pathway could perhaps occur during islet inflammation. Protection experiments with free-radical scavengers in vitro and in vivo support the theory that hydroxyl radicals are instrumental in the production of alloxan diabetes. Rapid reduction of alloxan by thioredoxin in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH leads to strong chemiluminescence from luminol indicative of an intense radical protection. The sensitivity of B cells to alloxan may be due to physiological specializations of their plasma membranes, involving the highly effective glucose carrier or the hypothetical oxidation/reduction systems or both. PMID- 7024028 TI - Age-related association of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with BfF1 and the HLA-B18, BfF1 haplotype. AB - Five hundred and ninety-nine patients with insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes mellitus were typed for Bf (factor B) polymorphism, and 318 of them for HLA-A, B and C antigens. Bf and HLA antigen frequencies were compared with those in 536 normal controls. A significant positive association between Type 1 diabetes and the rare factor B variant BfF1 was found (p less than 10(-3)), but this was present only in patients aged under 16 years at onset of the disease (p less than 0.005). There was a strongly positive linkage disequilibrium between BfF1 and HLA B18 in the diabetic patients. This, too was especially pronounced in the juvenile onset cases, in whom it was significantly stronger than in controls (p less than 10(-3)). The known positive associations between Type 1 diabetes and HLA-B8, -B15 and -Cw3 were confirmed. PMID- 7024029 TI - The effect of chronic insulin therapy on phosphate metabolism in diabetes mellitus. AB - Plasma and urine phosphate concentrations were improved in 21 patients with diabetes mellitus during "optimal" metabolic control as compared with "suboptimal" control. During the "suboptimal" control phase the daily insulin dosage averaged 38 +/- 22 (SD) U/day and the mean plasma glucose levels averaged 17.1 +/- 1.8 mmol/l, while during the "optimal" control phase the daily insulin dosage averaged 84 +/- 59 U/day and the mean plasma glucose level was 6.2 +/- 1.4 mmol/l. The institution of rigid diabetic control over 4-10 days significantly raised serum phosphorus from 1.12 +/- 0.16 to 1.26 +/- 0.19 mmol/l (p less than 0.001), and decreased urinary phosphorus excretion from 686 +/- 125 to 588 +/- 88 mg/day (p less than 0.001). These changes were associated with significant reductions in urinary calcium, urinary glucose, plasma immunoreactive glucagon and serum parathyroid hormone. This diminution in urinary phosphorus loss may have been due to diminished glycosuria but equally could have been influenced by a direct action of insulin on the renal tubule or suppression of glucagon and parathyroid hormone secretion. Under the conditions of this study, reduced urinary phosphorus may have been sufficient to cause a rise in serum phosphorus despite the known effects of insulin on the cellular influx of phosphorus. PMID- 7024030 TI - Proteinuria in the acutely diabetic rat and its response to insulin treatment. AB - The development of proteinuria and its response to insulin therapy in acute experimental diabetes was examined in 11 female rats by sequentially measuring 24 h excretion of glucose and total protein before diabetes, during 5-37 days of acute streptozotocin diabetes, during and after 7-14 days of continuous subcutaneous insulin administration. Induction of diabetes promptly resulted in marked polyuria (78 +/- 9 ml/24 h), and glycosuria (6.6 +/- 0.7 g/24 h), while proteinuria quadrupled (from 4.7 +/- 0.7 to 18.8 +/- 1.8 mg/24 h, p less than 0.001). Concurrent with amelioration of polyuria and glycosuria by insulin treatment, proteinuria decreased strikingly (8.5 +/- 1.2 mg/24 h, p less than 0.001) Polyuria and glycosuria resumed after discontinuing continuous subcutaneous insulin, and proteinuria promptly returned to pretreatment levels (19.0 +/- 2.5 mg/24 h). Similarly decreased proteinuria (8.8 +/- 0.9 mg/24 h) recurred in five rats retreated with insulin after 100 days of diabetes. Elevated proteinuria was not associated with lysozymuria or consistent changes in glomerular filtration rate. The rapid fluctuations in proteinuria attending acute diabetes and its effective treatment suggest that metabolic aberrations of diabetes may directly effect renal handling of proteins. PMID- 7024032 TI - Insulin antibodies. PMID- 7024033 TI - Surface antigenic characteristics of human melanoma cells defined by xenoantiserum raised against papain-solubilized melanoma-associated antigens. AB - Xenoantiserum to human malignant melanoma was prepared by immunizing rabbits with melanoma associated antigens (MAA) solubilized from melanoma cell membrane by limited papain digestion. The antiserum was absorbed extensively with red cells, leukemia cells and cultured lymphoid cell lines, and was assayed for its reactivity with different human cell types by the indirect membrane immunofluorescence and radioimmunoprecipitation techniques. The data obtained suggest that there are at least two different MAA on human melanoma cells. The first is melanoma-group specific and can be detected commonly on different melanoma cell lines. The second is oncofetal and is shared by melanoma, carcinoma, and fetal cells tested thus far. Immunoprecipitated material from melanoma cell membrane that had been radioiodinated with lactoperoxidase and solubilized with a non-ionic detergent was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which showed two major peaks with estimated molecular weights of 90,000 and 120,000 daltons. The 90,000 molecular weight component appears to be oncofetal, as it disappeared when the antiserum was absorbed with either melanoma or carcinoma cell lines. PMID- 7024031 TI - The metabolic and hormonal responses to a mixed meal in unrestrained pancreatectomised dogs chronically treated by portal or peripheral insulin infusion. AB - The metabolic and hormonal consequences of long term intravenous insulin replacement were studied in 11 pancreatectomised dogs. Insulin was delivered into the portal circulation of six animals for 164-224 days and into the peripheral circulation of the remainder for 123-365 days. Infusion rates were initially adjusted to achieve normoglycaemia in the fasting (0.37 +/- 0.01 mU Kg-1 min-1 portal; 0.45 +/- 0.03 mU kg-1 min-1 peripheral) and post-prandial states (2.57 +/ 0.07 mU kg-1 min-1 for 7 1/2 h portal; 3.16 +/- 0.18 mU kg-1 min-1 for 7 h peripheral). Animals were fed their usual mixed diet and blood samples were drawn from indwelling catheters at regular intervals for 24 h. A matched group of six normal dogs was similarly studied. Significantly less insulin was needed for glycaemic normalisation with portal (1.05 +/- 0.03 U kg-1 day-1) compared with peripheral (1.27 +/- 0.08 U kg-1 day-1) infusions, but post-prandial insulin levels were not normalised. Glucagon levels were normal and unaffected by the route of insulin infusion. Lactate and pyruvate responses were exaggerated post prandially in the diabetic compared with the normal dogs. Fasting non-esterified fatty acid levels were suppressed with peripheral but normal with portal insulin infusion. There were only minor differences in the branched chain, essential and other non-essential amino acids except for alanine which was significantly above normal in the diabetic animals. Fasting levels of insulin, lactate, pyruvate and non-esterified fatty acids were normalised only with portal infusion while glucose, glucagon, 3-hydroxybutyrate and most amino acids were normalised regardless of the route of infusion. We conclude that the metabolic regulation achieved with portal insulin replacement is closer to normal than that achieved with peripheral infusion. PMID- 7024034 TI - Studies on the distribution of 3H-3-hydroxykynurenine in mouse pancreas by microautoradiography. PMID- 7024036 TI - Theoretical foundations of reaction formation as a defense mechanism. AB - Among the defense mechanisms, reaction formation is presented as the most stable, pervading the entire personality structure. The source of the defensive energy is explored within the context of drive theory, paralleling superego development and the processes of functional autonomy of other drive derivatives. The dynamics of balancing affect against behavior are analyzed with reference to the adaptive function of compulsion. Reaction formation is shown to relate closely to repression in its capacity for comprehensive impulse negation. the centrality of reaction formation within the constellation of anal characterology is underlined. Implications of the defense are discussed for empirical and clinical research in psychoanalysis. PMID- 7024035 TI - Possible regulation of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase. AB - Two inhibitors of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (RR) (EC 1.17.4.1) in vitro were isolated from normal rat liver: they were a nondialyzable, heat labile, high-molecular-weight ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase inhibitor (HRRI, and a dialyzable, heat-stable, low-molecular-weight ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase inhibitor (LRRI). The activities of both inhibitors varied inversely with the cell growth rate. HRRI from the cytosol fraction of rat liver was partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation (0 - 50%), and gel filtration on a Sepharose 6B column. It was eluted in the void volume from this column, together with ATP-hydrolyzing activity. The HRRI fraction also contained CDP kinase and CDPase activities, suggesting that HRRI is a complex of several enzymes that reduce the concentrations of the substrate of RR, CDP, and of the allosteric activator, ATP. LRRI was extracted from the cytosol of rat liver with ethanol (80% final concentration) and purified further by washing with organic solvent, and be chromatographies of Amberlite IR-45 and Dowex 50. Finally, it was identified as glucose, which was phosphorylated to glucose 6-phosphate by hexokinase present tin the RR enzyme solution ( 0 - 35% ammonium sulfate fraction of AH-130 cytosol), thus causing ATP depletion. Thus, neither inhibitor reacted directly with the RR enzyme, but both may regulate the enzyme activity in vivo by reducing the intracellular levels of substrates or cofactors. PMID- 7024037 TI - Earlier menarche, greater height and weight: a stimulation-stress factor hypothesis. PMID- 7024038 TI - Senescence or where is the individual going? a developmental world view. PMID- 7024039 TI - Hysterical personality: an appraisal in light of empirical research. AB - An overview of the term hysterical personality is presented and existing measures of this construct are described. Statistical studies of hysterical personality are then reviewed, emphasizing the extent to which they support theory, clinical observation, description, and prediction. Evidence is still needed to bolster claims of empirical validity and it remains an open question whether hysterical personality should be viewed as a legitimate concept in its own right or as a form of extraversion. Empirical data are also needed on etiological determinants, psychological correlates, and response to experimental manipulations. However, empirically based findings to date indicate that a premorbid hysterical personality is not a necessary or sufficient factor in the development of conversion reactions. It is concluded that relative to other well known personality types there has been only a modest amount of empirical research on hysterical personality. Suggestions for future research directions are made. PMID- 7024040 TI - [Genetic and biochemical aspects of recombination in Escherichia coli K-12: genetic control of recombination]. PMID- 7024041 TI - [50th anniversary of the Department of Genetics of the Lomonosov Moscow State University]. PMID- 7024042 TI - [Department of Genetics of the Lomonosov Moscow State University: 1930-1948]. PMID- 7024043 TI - Controlling elements in the mouse. V. Linkage tests with X-linked genes. PMID- 7024044 TI - False signs and symptoms of diffuse atherosclerosis. PMID- 7024045 TI - Relationships between blood pressure and plasma renin, aldosterone and dopamine beta--hydroxylase in the elderly. Studies in patients over 70 years of age. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (PA) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity (DBH) were measured in 49 subjects over 70 years of age, selected for normal or high blood pressure level. By comparison with younger controls, elderly subjects exhibited lower supine or upright PRA, but similar PA and DBH. No relationship could be found between individual blood pressure, and PRA, PA or DBH. The data favor the view that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system does not play an important causative role in elderly hypertension. They also point to the necessity of age-matched controls when this system is being studied in elderly patients. PMID- 7024046 TI - [60th anniversary of the F. F. Erisman Moscow Hygiene Research Institute of the Red Banner Order of Labor]. PMID- 7024047 TI - [Hygienic importance of the transformation of chemical substances with the formation of chloroform in the process of drinking water decontamination]. PMID- 7024048 TI - [Modifying factors of chemical carcinogenesis]. PMID- 7024049 TI - [Mefenamic acid in primary dysmenorrhea]. PMID- 7024050 TI - [Perinatal risk assessment in diabetes]. PMID- 7024051 TI - Drug targeting: magnetically responsive albumin microspheres--a review of the system to date. PMID- 7024052 TI - Urokinase treatment for severe neurological complications in a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - In a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) severe neurological complications leading to coma were repeatedly reversed by treatment with urokinase. Although the therapeutic modalities for TTP still appear to be a matter of debate, thrombolytic treatment could be considered in TTP patients with severe organ involvement before the corresponding function is completely compromised. PMID- 7024054 TI - Transplantation of bone marrow cells with changed haemoglobin type. AB - Haemoglobin was used as a marker for the detection of radiation chimera in rats. After a single blood loss, the synthesis of haemoglobin type had changed, as observed in peripheral blood one week after bleeding. After one month the haemoglobin pattern was the same in the experimental rats and in the control animals. Twenty-four hours before bone marrow transplantation the donors were bled. Haemoglobin synthesis had changed also in the recipients. In contrast with a single blood loss, this change of haemoglobin type persisted as observed one year after transplantation. The cells with changed synthesis can repeatedly be retransplanted. PMID- 7024053 TI - Calcium and calmodulin in the regulation of blood cell functions (a mini-review). AB - A great deal of cellular functions are regulated by changes in intracellular calcium concentration. Calmodulin, a low molecular weight cytoplasmic protein is basically involved in this regulation through a calcium-dependent interaction with various enzyme systems. The review discusses the chemical and physiological basis of calcium and calmodulin actions in the cell interior. Describes calcium regulation of various functions in red cells, platelets and leukocytes. PMID- 7024055 TI - Blood transfusion therapy in the newborn. AB - This review deals with the various indications, the choice of blood products and the main aspects of their administration for transfusing neonates. Some special problems peculiar to neonatal age, that both neonatologists and blood transfusion services have to take into account, are emphasized. Exchange transfusion in the procedure most frequently used in blood transfusion therapy of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia of various aetiology, severe anaemia and hyperviscosity due to polycythaemia. The procedure also represents a rational therapeutic approach in the bleeding thrombocytopenic newborn. More recently exchange transfusion has been utilized in the management of DIC, RDS and sepsis. Besides its advantages, metabolic, haemorrhagic and cardiac hazards of this "massive transfusion" are considered. Just as at any other age, the red cell preparation is the blood component most frequently utilized in the transfusion therapy of the neonate, considering not only the treatment of anaemia without hypovolaemic shock, but also the cases of iatrogenic blood loss, a common problem in the high risk neonatal intensive care unit. As transfusion of small increments of blood may often be required for the sick neonate and premature infant, different methods to cope with such conditions are discussed. PMID- 7024056 TI - [Perforatory keratoplasty for keratitis due to Fusarium solani]. PMID- 7024057 TI - [Treatment of diabetes by continuous insulin infusion]. PMID- 7024058 TI - Important anniversary of Milan Daniel, pioneer in the high altitude parasitology. PMID- 7024059 TI - 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulphonate as a fluorescent probe for temperature-induced changes in Escherichia coli membranes. PMID- 7024060 TI - Characteristic distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in palatine tonsils. AB - Using fluorescein-labelled antibodies against gamma, mu and alpha chains, Ig containing cells in palatine tonsils were studied in 120 patients. The aim of this study was to determine the most frequently repeated typical findings as regards the numbers and localisation of these cells in tonsils and to confront the data obtained with the concept that tonsils are a component of the local immunity system. The preponderance of IgG over IgA cells was confirmed, both cell types being preferentially localized in extrafollicular tissue whereas IgM was mostly found in germinal centres. Together with progressing tonsillar atrophia, the frequency of positive findings of IgM decreased, whereas the numbers of IgG and IgA cells were proportional to the amount of remaining lymphoid tissue. IgA cells were not preponderant in tonsils and their localization in the surface layer of epithelium was rather exceptional, SC antigen could not be demonstrated unequivocally and the morphological picture in germinal centres was characteristic for IgM production rather for IgA. Thus the palatine tonsils according to the content and distribution of immunocytes, correspond to the lymph node rather than to an organ involved significantly in the local antibody formation. PMID- 7024061 TI - Immunohistochemical evidence for secretory activity in the testes and epididymis of the bull. PMID- 7024062 TI - Modern morphological techniques for the production of demonstration specimens. PMID- 7024063 TI - Comparative mutagenicity of two triarylmethane food dyes in Salmonella, Saccharomyces and Drosophila. PMID- 7024064 TI - The tendon sheaths and synovial bursae of the foot. By Gustav Schwalbe, 1896. Translated by Hartmann. PMID- 7024065 TI - [Voice studies using electroglottographic individual curves. A critical evaluation]. PMID- 7024066 TI - [Therapy of hypotonic cardiovascular regulation disorders with amezinium (Regulton) and dihydroergotamine]. PMID- 7024067 TI - [Hormonal adaptive capacity in old age. Behavior of hormonal parameters after insulin hypoglycemia in young and old patients]. AB - The insulin-hypoglycemia-test seems to be an appropriate instrument for the examination of the hormonal ability to adapt, even at old age, whereby especially accurate control is necessary. Although older patients of our policlinic show lower basic cortisol- and HGH-values, the increase of catecholamines, cortisol and HGH is not diminished, thus demonstrating a satisfying stress-adaptability. We relate the fact, that in literature the basic cortisol- and HGH-levels are also found to be mostly normal, to the different criteria in the selection of patients. PMID- 7024068 TI - [Vaccination in children. Review for the general practice]. PMID- 7024069 TI - [Antipruritic or anti-allergic therapy. The efficacy and tolerance of intravenous dimethindenmaleate]. PMID- 7024070 TI - [Think of malaria!]. AB - A drug addict, treated because of a lung abscess, was found to have plasmodium vivax malaria and was treated accordingly. The second patient acquired falciparum malaria inspite of chloroquine prophylaxis and was admitted with a thrombocytopenia of 24 000 mm3. After chloroquine treatment the platelet count became normal. Thrombocytopenia is usually present in falciparum malaria. Complications and their treatment are discussed. PMID- 7024071 TI - [Mononitrates in long-term prophylaxis of angina pectoris: results of the first isosorbid-5-mononitrate symposium in Mannheim]. PMID- 7024072 TI - [Recognizing and treating drug addicts. Part 2. Differential diagnosis, therapy]. AB - Persons addicted to opiates often have fresh injection scars on the skin directly above the veins in the arms and legs. These appear as well as scars from abscesses and burns, tattoos, advanced tooth decay and signs of chronic hepatitis. An intensive consumption of hallucinogens is often connected to an inclination toward apathy and a loss of contact to reality (amotivational syndrome). It is necessary to have a sufficiently wide spectrum of therapeutic and rehabilitation measures being offered, due to the wide range of variants one can expect in the personality structure and the primary disturbance. The slogan of "therapy instead of punishment" leads nowhere. Long-term in-patient programmes, still presently favoured in our country, are not sufficient and are being increasingly more frequently rejected by the addicts themselves. Out patient therapy trends, which are both extremely necessary and promising, are to be found in the close co-operation between physicians and specialists in social therapy while utilizing community resources. Two examples for such a programme are discussed (Hesse, Marx). A more concentrated improvement of out-patient therapy and rehabilitation of drug addicts is only possible when the chemical toxicological diagnosis of addicting substances in urine becomes a routine process in the medical laboratory, e.g. by enzyme immunological methods. PMID- 7024073 TI - [The effect of physical factors on immunologic reactivity. Review]. PMID- 7024074 TI - Professor Dr. med. Lugwig Demling. PMID- 7024075 TI - Alternative pathway for complement activation triggered by human liver plasma membranes. AB - Liver plasma membranes (LPM) prepared from normal hepatocytes by centrifugation in sucrose discontinuous gradient, are capable of haemolysing PNH-like cells in the presence of complement or complement plus EGTA or MG2+ ions. In contrast, EDTA or Ca2+ ions inhibit the lysis. The total complement lytic activity is reduced by some 40% when fresh serum is incubated with LPM, whereas the total amount of C4 remains constant. The cross-immunoelectrophoresis studies of fresh serum incubated with LPM demonstrate the appearance of C3 breakdown products, which suggests the activation of the alternative complement pathway. In contrast, the sucrose test, which proceeds mainly through the classical complement pathway, is inhibited by LPM. The possible role of complement in liver disease is discussed. PMID- 7024076 TI - [Present status of dialysis therapy in Hokkaido (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024077 TI - Timing of insulin delivery with meals. AB - In non-diabetics neural and/or gastrointestinal humoral factors cause anticipatory insulin release with meals. The importance of this mechanism was illustrated by administration of a standard meal to six insulin dependent diabetics on two occasions. Insulin was delivered intravenously by an "open-loop" (preprogrammed) insulin infusion system designed to simulate the normal insulin response to meals. On one occasion insulin delivery was delayed 15 minutes. This time approximates the physiology delay before blood glucose rises after the start of a meal. The delay resulted in significantly greater hyperglycaemia continuing over three hours, compared with the study in which insulin delivery increased coincident with the start of the meal. A mechanism for initiating early insulin release with meals would be a helpful addition to "closed-loop" insulin delivery systems, this being apparent in a further comparison made between performance of the open-loop and closed-loop systems. Moreover, the delayed insulin response seen in maturity onset diabetics is likely to be an important cause of persistent hyperglycaemia. PMID- 7024078 TI - Control of glycogen metabolism by insulin in isolated hepatocytes. AB - Isolated rat hepatocytes incubated in a simple bicarbonate buffer, previously shown to display enhanced rates of fatty acid biosynthesis upon a brief exposure to insulin, were used to study acute effects of this hormone on glycogen metabolism. In hepatocytes prepared from fed rats insulin does not increase glycogen deposition as measured chemically, but the incorporation of labelled glucose is markedly accelerated. The rate of disappearance of radioactivity from glycogen, prelabelled with D[U-14C]glucose, is lowered by insulin. In hepatocytes from starved rats insulin promotes net glycogen synthesis. All metabolic parameters studied are affected by glucagon in manner opposite to that of insulin. PMID- 7024079 TI - Transmembrane K transfer in hyperkalemic dogs. AB - In a dog K loaded by infusion of 2 mEq KCl/kg/hr, kaluresis plays a relatively small part in slowing the development of hyperkalemia and cardiotoxicity. These are largely retarded by a non-renal mechanism that transfer most of the infused K from extracellular to intracellular fluid. Treatment with beta receptor blocking dosages of propranolol significantly reduces K transfer capacity, but it also markedly diminishes the KCl stimulated secretory response of insulin, a powerful mediator of K transfer. In dogs in which diminution of the insulin response is prevented by administration of exogenous hormone, beta receptor blockade has no effect on K transfer capacity. Thus, it appears that decreased insulin secretion is responsible for the observed fall of K transfer capacity in dogs with beta receptor blockade. However, other evidence suggests that our results can also mean that a K load elicits the secretion of enough insulin to mediate K transfer in the presence of beta receptor blockade; if the hormone response is absent or deficient, beta receptors may be importantly involved in mediation of K transfer to intracellular fluid. PMID- 7024080 TI - Diazepam test of growth hormone secretion. PMID- 7024081 TI - Role of ovarian hormones in the long-term control of glucose homeostasis. Interaction with insulin, glucagon and epinephrine. AB - This study examines the effects of ovarian hormones on the glycaemic actions of insulin, glucagon and epinephrine. Ovariectomized adult female mice were treated with replacement doses of oestradiol, progesterone, both hormones combined or vehicle only for 15 weeks. Compared with intact control mice, ovariectomy did not significantly alter insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. However, treatment with oestradiol or progesterone alone, but not in combination, increased the hypoglycaemic action of insulin. The hyperglycaemic effect of glucagon and epinephrine was increased by ovariectomy and reduced by the ovarian hormone treatments. The results indicate that oestradiol and progesterone individually synergize the hypoglycaemic action of insulin, but mutually antagonize each other in this respect. Oestradiol and progesterone, individually and in combination, appear to suppress the glycogenolytic action of glucagon and epinephrine. PMID- 7024082 TI - 24-Hour studies of prolactin and growth hormone levels in diabetic impotence. AB - Serum prolactin and growth hormone levels were measured hourly over 24 h in 8 insulin-treated diabetic males, 4 of whom were impotent. All patients showed normal sleep-related peaks of both hormones during the night. The mean 24-hour concentrations of prolactin and growth hormone were similar in patients with impotence (9.4 +/- 1.0 ng/ml and 3.8 +/- 0.4 microIU/ml, respectively) and without it (10.5 +/- 1.0 ng/ml and 4.7 +/- 1.1 microIU/ml, respectively). The mean prolactin and growth hormone concentration during the day time (7.00 a.m. to 7.00 p.m.) and the night time (7.00 p.m. to 7.00 a.m.) were also similar in patients with and without impotence. These results suggest that impotence in diabetic patients is not mediated by abnormalities of prolactin and growth hormone secretion. PMID- 7024083 TI - Monoiodoinsulin labelled in tyrosine residue 16 or 26 of the insulin B-chain. Preparation and characterization of some binding properties. AB - By the combination of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and QAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography it was possible to isolate the four isomers of porcine [125I]monoiodoinsulin to a purity of more than 97%. The yield of the two B-chain labelled isomers was increased by iodinating in buffer containing 6M urea. The apparent binding affinity to isolated rat adipocytes was 0.65 for the A19 isomer, 1.0 for the B16 isomer, and 2.0 for the B26 isomer, respectively, relative to the A14 isomer. In contrast, the B26 isomer had only an apparent binding affinity of 1.2 relative to the A14 isomer in isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 7024084 TI - Two mutant forms of human insulin. Structural consequences of the substitution of invariant B24- or B25-phenylalanine by leucine. AB - In 1979 the first abnormal human insulin was discovered. With the minute samples from the patient a Phe leads to Leu replacement could be established in either position B24 or B25. For the unequivocal localization of the substitution both the Leu analogues had to be prepared by semisynthesis. While another laboratory did this with the sequence of porcine insulin, here we are dealing with the true analogues of human insulin. In the present paper the structural consequences of the substitutions are investigated. Human insulin obtained by total synthesis served as a reference. Its CD spectral properties are herewith documented. According to the substantial deviations of the CD spectrum of [Leu B24]insulin, the introduction of the new side-chain forces conformational changes to occur not only in its immediate surrounding but also in the peptide chain. The failure to give the typical CD spectral response to variations of protein and zinc concentration indicates that the ability to form quaternary structure is impaired. Though dimerization was confirmed by gel chromatography to be largely reduced, it is concluded that, in addition, interactions normally responsible for the increase in tyrosine-CD with association are weakened. [Leu B25]insulin, on the other hand, does exhibit all CD spectral effects characteristic of the native hormone, though quantitatively somewhat reduced. The CD spectroscopic results are in full agreement with the computergraphic analysis of the sterical consequences of the substitutions. For B24-leucine an acceptable packing without movements of the mainchain and/or B15-leucine and without affecting dimerization is impossible, whereas B25-leucine can be accommodated without causing bad contacts either in the monomer or in the dimer. The structural results do not explain why [Leu B25]-insulin should have a lower biological activity than the B24 analogue, 2.1 +/- 0.3% versus 20.9 +/- 2.8%, in the fat cell test. They suggest, however, an important but not critical stereospecific role for the B25-phenylalanine in binding. PMID- 7024085 TI - [A2-Norleucine]insulin. An analog with unanticipated biological properties. AB - The simple replacement of the A2-isoleucine by norleucine in the insulin molecule gave an analog [A2-norleucine]insulin ([Nle A2]-insulin) which was found to possess insignificant receptor-binding affinity and in vitro biological activity, 0.6 and 0.9 percent, respectively, compared to the natural hormone. Circular dichroic studies showed that this analog is monomeric and indicated that the helical segment A2-A8 and the beta strand B24-B29 have undergone conformational changes. The reduced receptor-binding affinity of [Nle A2]insulin is attributed to the distortion of the A2-A8 helical segment which in turn may lead to the displacement of the A1, A5 and A19 residues which are putatively involved in receptor binding. PMID- 7024086 TI - Intramolecular enzymatic peptide synthesis: trypsin-mediated coupling of the peptide bond between B22-arginine and B23-glycine in a split crosslinked insulin. AB - The resealing of a split peptide bond (B22/23) in a crosslinked insulin derivative by a trypsin-mediated coupling reaction in Tris buffer/glycerol/dimethylsulphoxide 1 : 1 : 1 at pH 6.5 is described. The coupling yield obtained with N alpha A1, N epsilon B29-(carbonyl-bis-methionyl) insulin [OC(Met)2] was 55-60%, and reproducible yields of OC(Met)2-insulin were 40%. After removing the crosslink and purification, crystalline resynthesized insulin of high biological activity was obtained in a yield of 43% and an overall yield, based on split OC(Met)2-insulin, of 18%. PMID- 7024087 TI - Synthetic insulin by selective disulfide briding, II. Polymer phase synthesis of the human B chain fragments. AB - Five protected fragments Ddz-Phe-Val-Asn(Mbh)-Gln(Mbh)-His(Dnp)-Leu-Cys(Acm)-Gly OH [I], Ddz-Ser(But)-His(Dnp)-Leu-Val-Glu-(OBut)-Ala-OH [II], Ddz-Leu-Tyr(But) Leu-Val-Cys(Mbzl)-Gly-OH [III], Ddz-Glu(OBut)-Arg(Tos)-Gly-OH [IV], Ddz-Phe-Phe Tyr(But)-thr(But)-Pro-Lys(Z)-Thr(But)-OH [V] for the synthesis of the human insulin B chain, were prepared by an efficient procedure on solid phase. PMID- 7024088 TI - A monomeric insulin from the casiragua: molecular model building using computer graphics. AB - Interactive computer graphics have been used to construct a three-dimensional model of casiragua insulin assuming a tertiary structural homology with that of porcine insulin. The hydrophobic core of the molecule is conserved, but the hydrophobic surfaces involved in formation of dimers and hexamers in porcine insulin are more hydrophilic and contain charged residues. These observations are consistent with a close similarity of the far ultra violet circular dichroism of casiragua insulin and porcine insulin, and with the inability of casiragua insulin to self-associate. The low receptor-binding potency appears to result mainly from the substitution of B26-tyrosine by an arginine. PMID- 7024089 TI - NA1, NA1, NA1-trimethylinsulin--an insulin analogue with a quaternary amino group at the A1 terminus. AB - By utilizing the differing reactivity of the amino groups in aqueous organic solvents, des-GlyA1-NB1,N epsilon B29-(Msc)2-insulin was prepared. Its reaction with the phenyl ester of N,N,N-trimethylglycine in the presence of N hydroxysuccinimide afforded the crystalline NA1,NA1,NA1-trimethylinsulin analogue. In the fat cell assay this analogue has an activity of 49% and, in the mouse convulsion assay, it is 70%. PMID- 7024090 TI - Evidence concerning insulin activity from the structure of a cross-linked derivative. AB - The important of crystallographic refinement for confident structural description, even at modest resolution, is demonstrated for N alpha A1,N epsilon B29-L,L-2,7-diaminosuberoyl (A2sb) insulin, a cross-linked insulin of low potency. The spatial arrangement of the cross-link itself can be described, and reliable estimates of the accuracy in atomic positions obtained. Comparison of invariant A2sb and native insulins shows a strong structural similarity, especially for the A chain surface residues and the dimer-forming residues of the B chain which have generally been strongly implicated in the receptor-binding region. Evidence from this analysis directs attention to the A chain, particularly the backbone, as being important in interactions with the membrane bound receptor. PMID- 7024091 TI - [Synthesis of an insulin-like growth factor I hybrid insulin (author's transl)]. AB - Stepwise Edman degradation of the insulin B chain is achieved after reversible protection of the amino groups in A1 and B29 with the acid-stable methylsulfonylethyloxycarbonyl residue. Condensation of the protected N-terminal tetrapeptide of insulin-like growth factor I with the degraded insulin yields an hybrid insulin whose synthesis and biological properties are discussed. PMID- 7024092 TI - The reduction of allyl alcohols by Clostridium species is catalyzed by the combined action of alcohol dehydrogenase and enoate reductase. AB - Cells, as well as crude extracts of Clostridium kluyveri or Clostridium spec. La 1, catalyze the hydrogenation of (E)- or (Z)-2-butenol to n-butanol. No single enzyme could be detected which directly accomplishes this reaction. It turned out that the reduction occurs as follows: 2-butenol leads to 2-butenal leads to n butanal leads to n-butanol. The first step is catalyzed by the NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase in C. kluyveri, the second by the recently detected enoate reductase which reduces not only nonactivated alpha, beta-unsaturated acylates but also alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes in a NADH-dependent reaction and the third step is again catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase. In Clostridium La 1 the alcohol dehydrogenase is NADP-dependent. The rate of the reduction of 2-butenol to n-butanol depends not only on the enzymes, but also on the ratio NAD(P)/NAD(P)H. In the presence of methylviologen cation radical which is formed by the reduction of methylviologen by the system H2/hydrogenase, the ratio NAD(P)/NAD(P)H is too small for the dehydrogenation of 2-butenol to 2-butenal. This explains the antagonistic effect of methylviologen in the hydrogenation of allyl alcohols and 2-enoates by both Clostridium species. Furthermore, the mechanism explains the finding that from a preparative point of view ethanol is a better electron donor than hydrogen for the stereospecific reduction of allyl alcohols. PMID- 7024093 TI - Defining and understanding the therapeutic community. AB - The term "therapeutic community" has been used to describe a vast array of milieu therapy techniques; thus the term has come to mean different things to different people. The author defines the therapeutic community through an examination of its historical roots in the British military hospitals of World War II and the development of the treatment concept as an ideology. He classifies therapeutic communities as left, right, or center in their therapeutic ideology. It is in the communities of the center, the least dogmatic and most flexible typology, that the author finds hope for the most effective type of therapy. PMID- 7024094 TI - Hospital moves from totally manual to computerized information systems in 7 years. PMID- 7024095 TI - One medical center's approach to the development of a hospital information system. PMID- 7024096 TI - Osteomyelitis of a bone graft of the mandible with Acanthamoeba castellanii infection. AB - An ameloblastoma of the right side of the mandible was resected in a 32 year old prediabetic female. An iliac crest autograft became infected and a sequestrum was removed seven weeks later. Pathologic examination of this tissue demonstrated a mixed infection, including Acanthamoeba castellanii. This is the first recorded instance of invasion of bone by a free living ameba. PMID- 7024097 TI - Atypical acinar nodules and islet cell proliferation. PMID- 7024098 TI - Current status of bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7024099 TI - Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Combined antiglomerular basement membrane antibody and immune complex pathogenesis. AB - We present the clinical and pathologic data from two patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in whom the unusual combination of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody and immune complex disease was observed. In both patients the diagnosis of antiglomerular basement membrane disease was confirmed by renal tissue immunofluorescence and by positive assays for circulating antiglomerular basement membrane antibody. Ultrastructural studies revealed membranous nephropathy in one patient. Our data from this patient suggested evolution of pre-existing membranous nephropathy into antiglomerular basement membrane disease. In the second patient electron microscopy of renal tissue demonstrated numerous subendothelial, mesangial, and subepithelial deposits. It was impossible to ascertain in this patient whether antiglomerular basement membrane antibody or immune complex mediated injury was the primary pathogenetic event. Our data provide additional evidence for the rare clinical appearance of concurrent antiglomerular basement membrane and immune complex disease. Although the coexistence in both patients of antiglomerular basement membrane disease with immune complexes may have been coincidental, we think that this is unlikely. Rather our data suggest that the two mechanisms are causally related and that either one could have been the primary disease process. PMID- 7024100 TI - Marrow mast cell counts do not predict bone marrow graft rejection. AB - High bone marrow mast cell counts before and after marrow transplantation have been reported to predict graft rejection in aplastic anemia. We tested this association by studying marrow specimens from 73 consecutive patients allografted for severe aplastic anemia, 21 of whom rejected. Mast cell counts per unit area were performed on aspirate smears stained with Wright-Giemsa stain and on particle sections, clot sections, and biopsy specimens of marrow stained with toluidine blue. The ranges in both rejecting and nonrejecting patients with both methods were wide. Smear counts were more variable and correlated poorly with section counts (correlation coefficient: +0.003). We found no differences between rejecting and nonrejecting patients, either before or after grafting, with regard to mast cell counts in marrow. Also alterations in myeloid:erythroid ratios bore no detectable relationship to rejection. PMID- 7024101 TI - Diabetic nephropathy associated with fibrin formation. AB - This communication describes the electron microscopic study of a renal biopsy specimen from a patients with diabetic nephropathy, the nephrotic syndrome, and renal insufficiency. There were large amounts of electron dense materials within glomerular basement membranes and masses of fibrin within glomerular capillaries and Bowman's spaces. The presence of glomerular fibrin suggests that thrombosis may be pathogenetically related to diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 7024102 TI - Cryptococcal peritonitis complicating a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in unsuspected cryptococcal meningitis. AB - A 34 year old male was hospitalized because of the probability of a posterior fossa lesion that had increased intracranial pressure. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was implanted, resulting in partial resolution of symptoms. Subsequently Cryptococcus neoformans was cultured from the cerebrospinal fluid and a diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis was made. Despite amphotericin B therapy, the patient continued to deteriorate and died on the eighty-fifth day of hospitalization. Autopsy demonstrated cryptococcal meningitis and cerebral edema. An unexpected finding was cryptococcal peritonitis, which was not associated with disseminated disease. The case is unique because cryptococcal peritonitis is rare, and the spread of the organism occurred through a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. PMID- 7024103 TI - Concentration-dependent differential effects of cortisol on synthesis of alpha lactalbumin and of casein in cultured mouse mammary gland explants: importance of prolactin concentration. PMID- 7024104 TI - Synthesis of deoxyribooligonucleotides complementary to the anticodon loop of formylmethionine tRNA of E. coli. PMID- 7024105 TI - Inhibition of aminoacylation of formylmethionine tRNA of E. coli by deoxyribooligonucleotides complementary to the anticodon loop. PMID- 7024106 TI - [Bacteriological examination of bronchitis and pneumonia. Part II: quantitative analysis of homogenized sputum with respect to leucocytes, protein, erythrocytes and bacteria (author's transl)]. AB - This study is concerned with the value of bacteriological sputum examination by lower respiratory tract infections. Prominence was given to quantitative aspects; colony forming units and markers of infection as leucocytes, albumin and erythrocytes were determined from homogenized specimens. It turned out that numbers exceeding 10(6) per ml of pathogenic bacteria correlated in more than 90% with clinical evidence of bronchitis or pneumonia if cases with antibiotic treatment are not taken into account. There is, in addition to that, more than 90% correlation between the number of colony forming units of these sizes and a leucocyte count of more than 20 per 125 magnification field, which is significant of infection. The markers of infection mentioned above, can be determined by a simple semi-quantitative test-stick method. It was possible to show good relation between the number of leucocytes counted by microscope and the "Cyturtest". Compared to the "routine method" especially pneumococcus and H. influenzae could be isolated much more frequently by applying the method of homogenizing sputum. The rough quantitative informations of the "routine method" did hardly coincide with the exactly determined bacterial numbers. PMID- 7024107 TI - [Internal mycoses of exogenous origin (author's transl)]. AB - The increase of both visceral mycoses and designations used for them requires, among other matters an accord on a better non-ambiguous terminology. The disease designation "blastomycosis" is quite obsolete and should be replaced by proper terms such as candida mycosis, cryptococcus mycosis, histoplasma mycosis etc. The frequently used term "systemic mycosis" should be restricted to exogenous mycotic infections of internal organs caused by obligatory pathogenic fungi such as Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum and others. The common term "endomycosis" is considered appropriate for fungal infections provoked by secondary disease provoking fungi of opportunistic pathogenicity especially by species of the form genus Candida. Other mycotic infections of visceral organs, mainly of the respiratory tract f.i. by species of Aspergillus and other molds, are likewise mostly of secondary nature and should not be considered as systemic mycosis in the restricted meaning of the word because of their lacking tendency to dissemination. PMID- 7024108 TI - Characterization of immunogenic properties of haptenated liposomal model membranes in mice. IV. induction of IgM memory. PMID- 7024109 TI - Immunological clearance of 75Se-labelled Trypanosoma brucei in mice. III. Studies in animals with acute infections. AB - Using trypanosomes labelled with [75Se]-methionine a series of experiments was conducted to investigate antibody production in mice with acute fulminating T. brucei infections. As measured by the hepatic uptake of radiolabelled parasites, we were unable to demonstrate any evidence of antibody-mediated uptake by the liver in such mice. It was concluded that this was not due to impaired macrophage function but was caused by the inability of antibody production to cope with the massive parasitaemias produced by rapidly-replicating infections so that effective opsonization of the parasites did not occur. In contrast, a train of trypanosome which causes a more chronic infection, although initially having a similar replication, although initially having a similar replication rate, subsequently switched t a slower one and thereby allowed antibody to reach levels which permitted effective opsonization. There was no evidence that the parasite caused any significant suppression of antibody responses in these acute infections since inoculation with trypanosomes of one stock at the same time as vaccination with irradiated organisms of a second stock did not prevent the development of antibody to the latter, as measured by the hepatic uptake of radiolabelled parasites. PMID- 7024110 TI - Genetic control of immunity to Trichinella spiralis. Donor bone marrow cells determine responses to infection in mouse radiation chimaeras. AB - Radiation chimaeras, prepared from NIH (rapid-responder) mice or from the F1 progeny of a cross between H-2 compatible B10.G (slow-responder) and NIH mice, were tested for their ability to respond to infection with the intestinal nematode parasite Trichinella spiralis. Mice reconstituted with bone marrow (BM) from NIH donors showed the rapid response characteristic of this strain, i.e. expelled worms from the intestine before day 12 of infection; those given BM from B10.G mice showed a show expulsion pattern, losing worms after day 12. There was no evidence that the environment of the recipient exerted any influence on the ability of the BM cells to express the response characteristic of the donor. When chimaeras were given immune mesenteric lymph node cells (IMLNC) from infected NIH donors there was successful adoptive transfer of immunity, resulting in an accelerated loss of worms. As before, the time course of the accelerated response was determined by the genotype of the BM used. These results confirm that genetic control of the process of worm expulsion is expressed at the level of a bone marrow-derived cell population and is independent of lymphocyte responsiveness. They further show that the factors involved are an inherent property of the cells concerned. The possibility that these cells are myeloid in nature is discussed. PMID- 7024111 TI - A method for rapid determination of IgG containing circulating immune complexes using polyethyleneglycol and radioactively labeled protein A. AB - A simple method for rapid determination of IgG containing circulating immune complexes by commercially available reagents was developed. In this method, serum is incubated with 2.5% polyethyleneglycol. After washing, the precipitate is incubated with radioactively labeled protein A, which binds to IgG in the immune complex. After a further washing, the radioactivity bound is measured. Artificially formed complexes of heat-aggregated human IgG are diluted and a reference curve is constructed. This method is compared to the solid phase C1q binding method. Our method is slightly more sensitive than the C1q-binding method. PMID- 7024112 TI - Isolation & characterization of inhibin from human seminal plasma. PMID- 7024113 TI - Transfer of R plasmid from Staphylococcus aureus to Escherichia coli & Vibrio cholerae. PMID- 7024114 TI - Detection & diagnostic utility of exoantigen of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae. PMID- 7024116 TI - Effect of the TP5 analogue of thymopoietin on the rejection of male skin by aged and thymectomized female mice. AB - Although young adult C3H/HeJ (C3H) females do not reject C3H male skin grafts, C3H females older than 1 year commonly do so, as also do many thymectomized, young adult C3H females. Therapy with TP5, a synthetic pentapeptide analogue of thymopoietin which has biological properties of the parent molecule, substantially reduced the capacity of aged C3H females and of thymectomized, young C3H females to reject C3H male skin. PMID- 7024115 TI - F1 hybrid resistance: long-term systemic effects sensitive to irradiation and age. AB - In contrast to the usual rapid growth of transplanted syngeneic marrow cells in spleens of lethally irradiated recipients, the growth of parental marrow cells from certain inbred strains of mice is resisted by their F1 hybrids, other strains or both. The full complexity of this well known natural resistance is demonstrated here by using three inbred strains and their three F1 hybrids in all parent-hybrid combinations of donor and recipient. A similar resistance to parental marrow grafts is reported here in W-anemic F1 hybrid recipients that are cured and repopulated without irradiation. Rather than resistance to short-term growth in spleens, F1-hybrid resistance to permanent repopulation of the entire hemopoietic system is studied here. This manifestation of hybrid resistance is radiosensitive and declines in recipients over the age of 12 months. Long-term hemopoietic repopulation is measured quantitatively by injecting mixtures of two marrow-cell types with distinguishable hemoglobins into stem-cell-deficient recipients. A very high degree of resistance is detected against WB but not B6 parental marrow when mixed with WBB6F1 marrow and injected into WBB6F1 recipients. Most, but not all, of this resistance to permanent, systemic repopulation is abrogated by irradiation of the recipients; it is also abrogated after they reach the age of 15 months. Mouse models of long-term hybrid resistance studied in the entire hemopoietic system may be particularly relevant for marrow transplantation in man, where the objective is long-term systemic repopulation. PMID- 7024117 TI - Genetics of histocompatibility in mice. III. Characteristics of the popliteal lymph-node response to minor (non-H-2) H antigens. AB - The response to spleen cells incompatible at defined histocompatibility, H, loci was studied using the popliteal lymph-node enlargement test to establish its applicability as a method for detecting minor H antigens. This test was able to detect H-2 and H-Y antigens as well as most of the minor H antigens represented by 23 different strains congenic with C57BL/6By. Responses of both naive and immunized recipients were examined, and time-courses of the response were obtained for ten donor strains. These curves revealed that different antigens elicited responses that differed in timing and magnitude of peak enlargements, and that the two parameters were not closely correlated. Both the peak magnitude and the slope of the primary response were correlated with skin-graft rejection, however. The response to individual minor antigens did not appear to be dose dependent above a threshold. Irradiation of donor cells had strain-dependent effects on the elicited response. Irradiation of recipients appeared to abrogate the primary response but not the responses of previously primed recipients in the combination tested. None of the responses studied had any demonstrable graft versus-host component. PMID- 7024118 TI - Transferable drug resistance (R-factor) in Escherichia coli isolated from children having acute diarrhoea. PMID- 7024119 TI - Phagocytosis and intracellular growth of Candida albicans in mouse peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7024120 TI - Respiratory failure in newborns, infants and children. PMID- 7024121 TI - Epidemiology of acute respiratory disease in North India. PMID- 7024122 TI - Status asthmaticus in pediatric practice. PMID- 7024123 TI - In defence of the lung. PMID- 7024124 TI - Physiological anemia of infancy and anemia of prematurity. PMID- 7024125 TI - Excretion studies of nitrofurantoin and nitrofurantoin with deglycyrrhizinated liquorice. AB - Nitrofurantoin and nitrofurantoin with liquorice were given to healthy volunteers and patients suffering from urinary tract infections. The excretion rates of the drug, colony counts and side effects were studied in patients and excretion rates in the volunteers. The excretion rates of the drug were significantly higher in patients receiving the drug with liquorice and also side effects were minimal. There was no significant difference in the excretion rates of the drug with addition of liquorice in healthy volunteers. PMID- 7024126 TI - Biochemical and cellular reaction of PVS paste polymers and latex following intratracheal instillation into rats. AB - Rats were given different doses (0.25-25 mg) of two forms of PVC past polymers and polystyrene by intratracheal instillation and monitored for cellular and biochemical changes in the lung lavage fluid and remaining lung tissue after 1 and 4 weeks of exposure. Changes were observed in free cell morphology, the level of pulmonary surfactant, and hydrolytic enzyme activities with all three compounds at high concentrations. Some differences in the extent of changes produced per given mass identified were noted with different formulations and the relationship between particle numbers, surface areas, and detergent coatings of samples is discussed. It is argued that PVC paste polymers and polystyrene cannot be considered totally biologically inert but that, in comparison with active cytoxic and inflammatory minerals such as chrysotile asbestos, the extent of their initial reaction in the lung is relatively weak. PMID- 7024127 TI - Distribution of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities among Treponema pallidum and other spirochetes. AB - Representative members of Spirochaetales were surveyed for their content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and peroxidase activities. Only Leptospira exhibited peroxidase activity. Obligately anaerobic cultivable Treponema and Spirochaeta possessed no SOD or peroxidative capabilities. Upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Spirochaeta aurantia, Borrelia hermsi, and five Leptospira biflexa serovars showed SOD activity associated with one electrophoretic band which was inhibited by H2O2, suggesting that they were iron-containing dismutases. These spirochetes could be distinguished by differences in relative mobilities of their SODs. SOD activity, but not catalase activity, was induced aerobically in S. aurantia. All Leptospira interrogans serovars and two L. biflexa serovars lacked significant SOD activity. These SOD-deficient strains of Leptospira, with one exception, possessed high levels of catalase activity. The Nichols strain of virulent Treponema pallidum possessed SOD and catalase activities, but lacked peroxidase activity. The SOD in T. pallidum exhibited two electrophoretic bands containing copper and zinc, and its relative mobility was identical to that of purified rabbit SOD. Immunization of sheep with purified rabbit SOD resulted in antiserum which inhibited both rabbit SOD and T. pallidum SOD assayed by spectrophotometric analysis or activity staining following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In agarose gel diffusion, precipitin lines of identity were observed between purified rabbit SOD and cell extracts of T. pallidum. These data indicated that the SOD activity detected in T. pallidum was host derived. PMID- 7024128 TI - Phagocytosis and killing of salmonella typhimurium by peritoneal exudate cells. AB - Normal peritoneal cells from conventional, germfree, or nu/nu mice readily killed opsonized salmonellae, an observation that suggests that this activity in the normal peritoneal cavity may not be dependent on either environmental antigenic stimulation or T-cell mediation. In contrast, peritoneal cells elicited 4 days after injection with thioglycolate medium failed to kill opsonized salmonellae but appeared to be highly phagocytic. Peritoneal cells from thioglycolate-treated mice could be induced to kill opsonized salmonellae by giving the mice a primary footpad injection and a secondary intraperitoneal injection of Corynebacterium parvum. This activation by C. parvum appeared to be thymus dependent, since it did not occur in nu/nu mice. PMID- 7024129 TI - Lack of greater seroconversion of rhesus monkeys after subcutaneous inoculation of dengue type 2 live-virus vaccine combined with infection-enhancing antibodies. AB - Four groups of six nonimmune male rhesus monkeys were inoculated subcutaneously with formulations of dengue type 2 vaccine virus DEN-2/S-1. Group A received 1.9 x 10(4) plaque-forming units of vaccine in normal human serum albumin diluent. Group B received the same dose combined with a dengue type 2-immune human serum diluted 1:1,600, beyond its neutralization endpoint of 1:300, but having an immune enhancement titer of 250,000. Groups C and D received 10-fold dilutions of these respective formulations. No migration-inhibitory factor was found when peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes obtained on day 68 post-immunization from monkeys of all experimental groups were tested. No viremia was detected in any of the monkeys when sera taken on postvaccination days 1 through 12 were inoculated into adult Toxorhynchites amboinensis mosquitoes and LLC-MK2 cells. By day 89, four of the six monkeys had seroconverted by the neutralization test in each of groups A, B, and C, and three of five monkeys in group D (one monkey died from cardiac collapse after anesthesia) had seroconverted. Immune enhancement of dengue virus infection is known to occur in humans and monkeys circulating heterologous flavivirus antibodies. In this study, there was no enhancing effect when antibody was mixed with dengue type 2 vaccine virus and injected subcutaneously. PMID- 7024130 TI - Blastomyces dermatitidis antigen-induced lymphocytes reactivity in human blastomycosis. AB - Because of the unavailability of a suitable antigen, specific in vitro lymphocyte reactivity has not been investigated in persons who have had systemic blastomycosis. Twelve persons who had recovered from blastomycosis were evaluated, and all were found to exhibit strongly positive and apparently specific in vitro cellular responses to an alkali-soluble, water-soluble extract of Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast-phase cell walls. Significant lymphocyte transformation induced by this soluble antigen occurred with cells from persons who had recovered from blastomycosis as much as 16 years previously, indicating long-lasting cell-mediated immunity to B. dermatitidis. A simple new in vitro test, lymphocyte migration inhibition, also made it possible to distinguish persons who had had blastomycosis and recovered from persons who had never had the disease. Two in vitro tests of cell-mediated immunity in which the alkali soluble, water-soluble extract of B. dermatitidis yeast-phase cell walls was employed were highly discriminating. Tests with this antigen may be of value in delineating the epidemiology of blastomycosis and in assessing the prognosis of individual cases. PMID- 7024131 TI - Regulation of the immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide by adherent cells. AB - Immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide is usually short lived, but it often reappears without additional stimulus in a cyclic fashion. Activated adherent cells, presumably macrophages, were found to have a role in the reduction of the immune response to Escherichia coli O127 lipopolysaccharide. The suppressive activity of the adherent cells was abrogated before renewal of the responsiveness. PMID- 7024132 TI - Pulmonary opsonins in Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in rats. AB - Klebsiella pneumoniae was inoculated intrabronchially into rats, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sera were obtained during the ensuring pneumonia. Klebsiellae recovered by lavage were not maximally coated with C3, as judged by studies with fluorescent antibody, whereas the organisms could be coated fully with C3 by a brief incubation in rat serum. The levels of C1 and C3 in lavage fluid obtained during infection were only a small fraction of the levels in the serum, and klebsiellae were not opsonized during incubation with concentrated lavage fluid. Systemic decomplementation did not affect the severity of K. pneumoniae pneumonia, as judged by the measurement of lung weight or by the numbers of klebsiellae in the lungs, but decomplemented rats had a larger number of klebsiellae in the blood at 24 h of infection than did controls. There were fewer klebsiellae in the lungs 4 h after inoculation of preopsonized organisms than after inoculation of organisms which were incubated in control (heat inactivated) sera. These studies indicate that the concentration of complement and heat-labile opsonins within the alveoli is lower than that in the systemic circulation and is not adequate for effective opsonization of klebsiellae. PMID- 7024133 TI - Isolation of the intracellular stage of Trypanosoma cruzi and its interaction with mouse macrophages in vitro. AB - Interaction between Trypanosoma cruzi spheromastigotes (amastigotes) and mouse macrophages was studied. The spheromastigotes, isolated from the spleens of infected mice, were incorporated and digested by the macrophages. By use of horseradish peroxidase labeling of the macrophage lysosomes we showed that fusion of lysosomes with phagocytic vacuoles containing T. cruzi occurred. Parasites showing alterations indicative of digestion were seen inside the phagocytic vacuoles. Our results suggest that intracellular sphermastigotes of T. cruzi, isolated from the spleens of infected mice, and not able to induce a protective infection in mouse macrophages maintained in vitro. PMID- 7024134 TI - Detection of extracellular toxin(s) produced by Vibrio vulnificus. AB - Conditions are described for the production, in high titers, a heat-labile, antigenic, extracellular toxin(s) by Vibrio vulnificus, a recently recognized human pathogen. Bacteriologically sterile culture filtrate preparations obtained from mid-logarithmic-phase cultures of the bacterium possessed cytolytic activity against mammalian erythrocytes, cytotoxic activity for Chinese hamster ovary cells, vascular permeability factor activity in guinea pig skin, and lethal activity for mice. The specific activity of toxin preparations from cultures of a virulent strain of the bacterium was ca. 25-fold more than that of toxin preparations obtained from cultures of a weakly virulent strain. The four toxic activities were inseparable by gel filtration with Sephadex G-100; however, two components, which had markedly different elution behavior but which possessed the four activities mentioned above, were obtained. The major (ca. 88% of the recovered activity) and minor components had apparent molecular weights of ca. 38,500 and greater than 150,000, respectively. PMID- 7024135 TI - Bactericidal activity in fractionated granule contents from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: studies with leukocytes from normal individuals. AB - Sephadex G-100 chromatographic fractions of granule extracts from normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, exhibiting differences from fractions previously obtained from leukemic polymorphonuclear leukocytes, possessed cationic proteins with distinct bactericidal activity against cell wall mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2. PMID- 7024136 TI - Cellular responses in the dental pulp: a review. PMID- 7024137 TI - IPD, CAPD, CCPD, CRPD--peritoneal diaylsis: past, present and future. PMID- 7024138 TI - Dialysis and transplantation in Italy: controversial aspects. PMID- 7024139 TI - Effect of PGI2 infusion during long term extracorporeal circulation with membrane lung in sheep. AB - PGI2 plus very low dose of heparin was infused in 6 lambs connected for long term extracorporeal circulation with a membrane lung. Hemodynamic and hemostasis parameters were compared to those of a control group treated only with standard doses of heparin. PGI2 efficacy in inhibiting platelet aggregation and platelet fall was confirmed. A small platelet release, measured as antiheparin activity, was observed during all the by-pass, but did not influence platelet capacity of recovering when PGI2 effect dissolved. Heparin needed resulted less than a quarter of the quantity used for the control group. In our experimental conditions the hemodynamic changes were mainly limited to a decrease in diastolic blood pressure. PMID- 7024140 TI - Fibronectin in human solid tumors. AB - Fibronectin in human solid tumors was studied by indirect immunofluorescence staining of biopsy material. Altogether 73 tumors were examined, comprising 12 sarcomas, 3 melanomas 1 reticulum cell sarcoma, 39 carcinomas, 6 benign soft tissue tumors and 12 benign epithelial tumors. In all sarcomas the individual tumor cells were surrounded by a network of fibronectin which was continuous with the stroma. The distribution of fibronectin was similar in the benign soft-tissue tumors. In contrast, no fibronectin was detected in the individual carcinoma cells or in their periphery. However, the reactive connective tissue stroma of carcinomas was strongly connective tissue stroma of carcinomas was strongly positive for fibronectin. This was true also for the stroma of benign epithelial tumors. These results show that, contrary to the situation in cell culture, in vivo sarcoma cells and benign soft-tissue tumor cells contain fibronectin in their pericellular matrix. On the other hand, fibronectin can be used to distinguish carcinomas from sarcomas in vivo. PMID- 7024141 TI - Monoclonal antibody to ganglioside GQ discriminates between haemopoietic cells and infiltrating neuroblastoma tumour cells in bone marrow. AB - An immunological approach has been sought for the identification of minimal metastatic spread of neuroblastoma to bone marrow. Here we describe the reactivity of the monoclonal antibody A2B5 to human neuroblastoma cell lines and fresh tumour tissue. This reagent, raised against chick retinal cells, reacts with all human neuroblastoma lines assayed although quantitative differences in antigenic expression exist between cultures. Analysis of tumour cells in heavily infiltrated bone marrow aspirates indicates that only 70% of the samples reacted with A2B5, suggesting that the heterogeneity seen in the expression of antigen on cell lines is paralleled in fresh tumour material. A2B5 showed no reactivity to either a panel of human leukaemic cell lines or normal human bone marrow, although reactivity to an occasional leukaemic marrow aspirate was detected. We suggest that A2B5 could form part of a panel of monoclonal reagents necessary for detecting metastatic spread of all neuroblastoma cells to bone marrow. Such a group of reagents may be useful therapeutically in a programmed of autologous bone marrow transplantation for the removal of tumour cells prior to reinfusion of haemopoietic cells to patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy. PMID- 7024142 TI - Susceptibility to killing by BCG-activated macrophages associated with "spontaneous" neoplastic transformation in culture. PMID- 7024143 TI - Multiple drug abuse involving nonopiate, nonalcoholic substances. I. Prevalence. AB - A review of the literature on multiple drug abuse involving two or more drug categories, where at least one is a nonopiate, nonalcoholic substance (MDA-NONA), revealed that Whites and, to a lesser extent, females are overly represented, disproportionate to their composition in other patterns of drug use. In addition, there is evidence that MDA-NONA abusers are very psychologically disturbed and sociopathically deviant, although it has not been established that their clinical picture is worse than that presented by other drug populations. Theoretical frameworks are presented in an attempt to explain these epidemiological findings. PMID- 7024144 TI - Women alcoholics: prevalence estimates and their problems reflected in turn-of the-century institutional data. AB - Prevalence estimates of women alcoholics first appeared in the late nineteenth century; and between 1884 and 1912, data on some 24,200 institutionalized alcoholics produced male-female patient ratios ranging from 3:1 to 9:1. These estimates, however, suffered from some of the same difficulties inherent in modern prevalence figures: "Hidden alcoholism" and a lack of treatment facilities caused the data to under-report women, while patient sex ratios varied by socioeconomic status. These data problems are largely unresolved, and securing reliable prevalence information on women alcoholics remains a frustrating matter for both the social historian and the modern alcohol researcher. PMID- 7024145 TI - Are personality test differences between alcoholics and others due to source of sample: a review of MMPI findings. AB - While some reviewers find that alcoholics have consistent personality characteristics, others conclude there are no such characteristics. The latter reviews claim that inattention to methodological factors (such as source of sample) have resulted in erroneous conclusions. The MMPI literature was surveyed in terms of the source of sample factor. Consistent personality characteristics were found in studies controlling for source of sample and employing the MacAndrew, Holmes, and Psychopathic Deviate Scales. The employment of a multiple regression strategy would help determine whether both alcoholism scales and the Psychopathic Deviate Scale are necessary for comprehensive description of individuals in an alcoholic population. PMID- 7024146 TI - Multiple drug abuse involving nonopiate, nonalcoholic substances. II. Physical damage, long-term psychological effects and treatment approaches and success. AB - A review of the literature of multiple drug abuse involving two or more drug categories where at least one is a nonopiate, nonalcoholic substance (MDA NONA) suggested the possibility that sedative-hypnotics were the culpable agent for neuropsychological deficits in this group. Individually, amphetamines and hallucinogens, primarily LSD, have been associated with long-term psychological disturbance. While many abusers of these drugs who develop psychoses have been documented to be emotionally disturbed prior to drug usage, indicating that the drug exacerbated a prepsychotic condition, other abusers have no such history, indicating a drug-induced psychosis. Current treatment approaches appear to be ineffective for MDA-NONA abusers, as indicated by poor retention rates and relapse to drug use. PMID- 7024147 TI - Historical aspects of legal drafting in the light of modern theories of cognitive development. PMID- 7024148 TI - The uptake of 3H-thymidine in Mycobacterium leprae inoculated mouse macrophage cultures as a rapid indicator of bacillary viability. Factors influencing the specificity of the in vitro assay. AB - Mouse peritoneal macrophages derived from BALB/c were used as host cells for 17 human-derived M. leprae strains. Simultaneous pulsing with 3H-thymidine (3H-Tdr) showed uptake of the radiolabel in 58.8% of the bacilli over a 14 day period. Preliminary data of three M. leprae strains indicate that the 3H-Tdr is preferentially incorporated into the mycobacterial DNA and not into the mammalian host cell DNA. This in vitro assay provides a rapid assessment of M. leprae viability. The factors influencing the uptake of 3H-thymidine are described. PMID- 7024149 TI - Parameters influencing the in vitro growth of Mycobacterium lepraemurium. AB - Investigations were done on the role of several parameters of incubation, carbon sources, fatty acids and Tween 80 on the in vitro growth of M. lm on Ogawa medium. It was found that incubation of aerated tubes at 37 degree C in a humidified atmosphere was optimal. Glycerol is necessary in the medium at concentrations of 0.5 to 2%. Acetate inhibits growth; there is no beneficial effect from Tween 80 or sodium salts of oleic, caproic, caprylic and palmitic acid. The pH of the medium is very critical since optimal growth occurs only between pH 5.8 and 6.3 on Ogawa egg yolk medium. PMID- 7024150 TI - Patient compliance with dapsone administration in leprosy. PMID- 7024151 TI - Proteinases and their inhibitors in skin diseases. PMID- 7024152 TI - Donald Marion Pillsbury. PMID- 7024153 TI - The historical development, efficacy and safety of very-low-calorie diets. AB - The development of very-low-calorie diets (VLCD) over the lats 50 years is described, from the early work of the Pittsburgh group in 1930, using conventional food, to the present day liquid-formula diets containing all essential nutrients. Recent work has been concerned with the protein requirements of obese patients consuming 200-400 kcal (0.8-1.6MJ) VLCD. Independent studies indicate that the protein requirement is about 40-55 g/day without carbohydrate, and about 25-30 g/day when carbohydrate (30-45 g/day) is included. Although some workers use VLCD consisting only of protein, the author prefers those also containing carbohydrate because they prevent excessive ketosis, hyperuricemia, diuresis, electrolyte loss, re-feeding oedema, and may improve muscular endurance. Numerous clinical trials have shown VLCD to be highly effective in about 80 per cent of outpatients and give an average weight loss of 2 kg/week which is comparable to that seen in complete starvation. Clinical studies of up to 16 weeks and longer in numerous medical schools in Europe have demonstrated their safety in patients under medical supervision. Whilst the achievement of a normal body weight in most obese patients is now a reality, the main problem for the future is to achieve permanent weight loss. PMID- 7024154 TI - The Copenhagen PLAFA project: a randomized trial of gastroplasty versus very-low calorie diet in the treatment of severe obesity (preliminary results). AB - Consecutive patients, between 18 and 54 years, suffering from morbid obesity (greater than or equal to 60 per cent overweight) are being randomized to either gastroplasty a.m. Gomez or to a very-low-calorie diet (341 kcal, 1.43 MJ) based on a high-value protein powder with an admixture of calcium, phosphate, sodium, chloride, and magnesium. Through a supplementary daily vitamin-mineral capsule and three tablets of potassium chloride the total regime complies with the 1980 RDA. After initial hospitalization, both groups are seen as out-patients. Twenty eight patients have so far been studied and none has dropped out. Preliminary results show a substantial weight lose without significant differences between the groups. PMID- 7024155 TI - The Copenhagen PRODI project: preliminary results. AB - A randomized clinical trial concerning treatment of moderate obesity is described. The study compares: (a) conventional 1000 kcal (4.19 MJ) diet with diethylpropion permitted: (b) isocaloric partial meal replacement with protein powder, and diethylpropion permitted; and (c) pre-meal satiation with protein powder. Preliminary results indicate equally good weight losses by the three methods. PMID- 7024156 TI - Low-dose mianserin as adjuvant therapy in obese patients treated by a very-low calorie diet. AB - A double blind trial examined the effects of low doses of the anti-depressant compound mianserin (10 mg nocte, Organon, Oss, Holland) on dietary compliance and weight loss in 45 obese subjects treated by a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD, 320 kcal (1.34 MJ)/day) for 16 weeks. The total mean weight loss of the 25 patients who completed the trial was 15.5 kg +/- 6.1 s.d. There was no significant difference in weight loss between the groups. More patients taking placebo (54 per cent vs 38 per cent) completed the experiment. Three patients stopped mianserin because of drowsiness, but were able to continue on the VLCD alone. Beck rating scores decreased (indicating less depression) in both groups by 50 per cent after eight weeks. With the linear self-rating scale there was no change in the placebo group but the mianserin group reported feeling less depressed (P less than 0.001). No significant changes were observed in ECG and routine clinical and laboratory tests. It is concluded that VLCD can be a safe and acceptable means of achieving substantial weight loss over several months. Patients do not become more depressed during treatment and there is no clinical advantage to be gained by the routine additional use of low doses of mianserin. PMID- 7024157 TI - The effect of a very-low-calorie diet with and without chronic exercise on thyroid and sex hormones, plasma proteins, oxygen uptake, insulin and c peptide concentrations in obese women. AB - In 18 obese women a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) has been combined with exercise (three times a week = 1650 kcal/week; 6.9 MJ) and compared with the effects of diet alone. The adherence and tolerance of the diet was quite good. Oxygen uptake decreased significantly only in the exercising group. Sex hormones binding globulin increased while prealbumin and retinol binding protein decreased in both groups. Changes in T4, T3, rT3, TSH, TBG and insulin secretion appeared to be equal in both groups. No significant differences between the two groups have been found with respect to body weight, body fat and lean body mass loss. Glucose tolerance deteriorated in the diet only group but remained unchanged in the group combining diet and exercise. Insulin production after oral glucose load did not change in either of the two groups. A more pronounced decrease in c peptide concentration has been observed in exercising groups. Sex hormones binding globulin and testosterone concentration increased in both groups. No changes have been detected in the concentration of transcortin. It is concluded that during a short period of VLCD exercise did not produce a higher body weight loss nor a protective effect on lean body mass. PMID- 7024158 TI - Plasmodium berghei: effect of carrageenan on the course of infection of the A/J mouse. PMID- 7024159 TI - Two cases of induced insanity. Helene Deutsch, Cambridge, Mass. AB - "Two cases of induced insanity", hitherto untranslated, was Helene Deutsch's first (1918) psychoanalytic paper; she presented Freud with a copy of it during the beginning of her analysis with him. As an experienced clinician who had studied under both Wagner von Jauregg in Vienna and Emil Kraepelin in Munich, Deutsch observed these cases during World War I as the University of Vienna's psychiatric facilities. Although the general reading public knows her best for her The Psychology of Women, she also wrote some well-known clinical papers; and it is characteristic of her that she brought these two cases without excessive theoretical speculation. In "Two cases in induced insanity" Deutsch described some of the strains of the wartime situation, and how whole families could join in hysterical confabulations in order to cope with emotional distress. One of her most famous later clinical contribution had to do with the emotional impoverishment of 'as if' personalities and their specific suggestibility. In other papers she continued her early concern with disturbed identification. As one examines Deutsch's work it is possible to fill out the history of psychoanalytic psychology. Without ignoring her later increase in theoretical sophistication, in "Two cases of induced insanity" we find Deutsch remarkably tolerant in her willingness to suspend judgement about the sources and fate of morbid thinking. A key therapeutic recommendation of hers was to separate the family members to allow their reality to return. Like some recent critics of undue diagnostic name-calling she advocated hesitation in discerning of disease entities as well as cautionary approach to treatment. The nature of familial love may leave everyone "normal" prone to disturbances which are not necessarily to be treated as a psychiatric illness. This example of one of Deutsch's first professional essays reflects the early thinking of a giant in psychoanalysis. She followed Freud in the conviction that the exceptional can highlight the everyday. The paper is a tentative groping and illustrates how far she came when she published her mature work. PMID- 7024160 TI - K. R. Eissler on errors regarding Freud. PMID- 7024161 TI - Membrane fluidity and the radiosensitivity of E. coli K1060. PMID- 7024162 TI - Microbiologic surveillance of the environment and of personnel in the hospital. PMID- 7024163 TI - Effect of bacteriologic monitoring of urinary catheters on recognition and treatment of hospital-acquired urinary tract infections. AB - Catheter-associated urinary tract infections remain the most common hospital acquired infection. Regular bacteriologic monitoring of urine from catheterized patients has been advocated as a measure for reducing the morbidity associated with this infection. To assess the effectiveness of this measure we reviewed the records of 100 catheterized patients hospitalized before implementation of a monitoring program and 200 such patients admitted after a daily monitoring program was operational. We found that culturing urine from catheterized patients was infrequent prior to monitoring but, when done, patients usually were febrile, cultures usually were positive, and patients were treated. Monitoring identified more cases of bacteriuria, but less than half of the patients so identified were treated. Being febrile was associated with receiving antibiotics. Infection rates increased with duration of catheterization; long periods of catheterization typically occurred on the neurosurgical, orthopedic, and medical services. Daily bacteriologic monitoring of all catheterized patients is relatively inefficient and does not predictably lead to therapeutic intervention in infected patients. The cost:benefit ratio of this measure might be decreased by applying it to selected patients chosen on the basis of risk factors, including hospital service assignment. PMID- 7024165 TI - Rickettsia-like bacteria. PMID- 7024164 TI - Endemic staphylococcal pseudobacteremia. AB - Endemic staphylococcal pseudobacteremia is defined as a situation in which coagulase-negative staphylococci are isolated from blood cultures more frequently than would be expected. Such false-positive blood cultures may influence patient care significantly and add considerably to its cost. This appears to be a more common phenomenon in hospitals in which blood cultures are drawn by house staff, but many occur in any hospital. A survey of all positive blood cultures will identify this problem. Careful attention to the proper procedure for collecting blood cultures should help prevent this phenomenon of endemic coagulase-negative staphylococcal pseudobacteremia. PMID- 7024166 TI - Rickettsia-like bacteria. PMID- 7024167 TI - Bacteriologic studies on electronic hospital thermometers. AB - Electronic thermometers used in many hospitals require insertion into the mouth of a temperature-sensing probe covered by a pre-packaged probe cover. Handling procedures used by hospital personnel can lead to inadvertent manual contact with the probe cover. We attempted to determine the rate of non-sterility of these probe covers under normal hospital conditions and the extent to which pathogens could be detected on these and other components of the thermometer. Probe covers were removed before entry into the patient's mouth and aseptically inoculated into fluid thioglycollate medium. Subcultures were made to appropriate differential media. Over a 13-week period, 180 covers were cultured on two private hospital services. Forty-three percent were found to be non-sterile; control covers from central supply were only 6% non-sterile. Four percent of the probe covers harbored potential pathogens: coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterobacter, and Bacteroides. No attempt was made to correlate these findings with infection. These results indicated a potential infection hazard for high-risk patient groups and a need by hospital personnel to consider this as a possible source of contamination. PMID- 7024168 TI - Anatomical, physiological, and behavioral aspects of olfactory bulbectomy in the rat. PMID- 7024169 TI - The deoxyglucose method for the measurement of local glucose utilization and the mapping of local functional activity in the central nervous system. PMID- 7024170 TI - Study of infective (secondary) renal calculus formation in vitro. AB - The factors of infective calculus formation and the conditions favoring their prevention were studied by examining in vitro the role of the most common representative of urease-producing bacteria, Proteus mirabilis. The stream of Proteus-containing urine was found to form deposits of magnesium ammonium phosphate, carbonate apatite and ammonium-urate on the glass surfaces. Application either of mandelic acid or of Gentamycin was found to reduce the production of these deposits, and their joint application proved fully preventive to their formation. Gentamycin applied in saline acidified with mandelic acid was capable of dissolving previously formed crystals. A medication of this composition is advocated for preventive use after surgery for staghorn calculi. The necessity for continuing peroral medication and specific antibacterial therapy for months is emphasized. PMID- 7024171 TI - The use of pediatric cadaver kidneys in renal transplantation (experience with 97 cases and comparison with adult kidneys). PMID- 7024172 TI - [Critical and rational antibacterial chemotherapy]. PMID- 7024173 TI - [Mycoplasma infections]. PMID- 7024174 TI - [Systemic Candida mycoses]. PMID- 7024175 TI - [European rickettsioses]. PMID- 7024176 TI - [Tuberculous meningitis-still a problem today?]. PMID- 7024177 TI - [Clostridium infections in internal medicine]. PMID- 7024178 TI - [A case of clostridial bacteremia with consumption coagulopathy]. PMID- 7024179 TI - [Areactive generalized tuberculosis ("Landouzy sepsis") in immunosuppressive therapy]. PMID- 7024180 TI - [Persistent hyperparathyroidism after surgical exploration of the parathyroid glands]. PMID- 7024181 TI - Sex chromatin of donor corneal epithelium in rabbits. AB - The survival of donor corneal epithelium was investigated in rabbits after they received unilateral 8 mm diameter lamellar keratoplasties with living donor tissue of a different sex from the host. Three weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks postoperatively, cultured corneal epithelia, grown from 5 mm diameter central buttons, the adjacent 0.75 mm wide donor rings, the peripheral 10 to 13 mm diameter rings, and 5 mm diameter central host buttons were used for sex chromatin analysis. The results indicated that some of the donor corneal epithelium survived up to 12 weeks postoperatively. Even in the absence of overt epithelial rejection, however, a time-dependent decrease of donor corneal epithelium and simultaneous invasion of host corneal epithelium were demonstrated. PMID- 7024182 TI - Abdominal trauma: the role and impact of computed tomography. AB - The selection of patients and technique for computed tomographic (CT) scanning of abdominal trauma are presented. CT is capable of detecting a wide variety of abdominal and retroperitoneal traumatic lesions and appears to be highly sensitive and specific. To a large extent it has displaced other modalities such as radionuclide scanning, ultrasonography, angiography, and peritoneal lavage in the comprehensive acute evaluation of the patient with abdominal trauma. Effects on patient management are evident in decreased incidence of unnecessary exploratory laparotomy, shorter hospital stays for observation, and earlier and more specific surgical intervention in appropriate cases. In light of these considerations, CT has proven very cost-effective. PMID- 7024183 TI - The detection of transitional cell bladder cancer antigen on established cell lines. PMID- 7024184 TI - The pathogenesis of renal dysplasia. I. Quantification of hypoplasia and dysplasia. AB - In order to assess the relative effects of abnormal ureteric orifice position and abnormal urodynamics on the morphogenesis of hypoplasia and dysplasia in kidneys obtained from infants, we devised a method of quantifying the renal structures. The method was based on radial glomerular counts which ranged from zero to normal (seven to nine), a score for dysplastic structures, and the ratio of normal to abnormal tissues present. These three values, when plotted against each other, correlated closely. The glomerular count, with occasional minor adjustment for inconsistencies, was the best parameter of hypodysplasia. Severe to moderate grades of hypodysplasias fell in the low and middle ranges and hypoplasia through to normal in the highest range. By grading kidneys in this way, we were able to compare the effects of ureteral ectopy and abnormal urinary dynamics on the developing kidney. PMID- 7024185 TI - Electric Medicine and Mesmerism. PMID- 7024186 TI - Literature and medicine: the state of the field. PMID- 7024187 TI - Pasteur on vital versus chemical ferments: a previously unpublished paper on the inversion of sugar. PMID- 7024188 TI - Biochemical and developmental genetics of isozymes in the mouse, Mus musculus. PMID- 7024189 TI - Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes from mammalian liver-their structural and functional differences. PMID- 7024190 TI - Genetic regulation of isozyme patterns in Drosophila during development. PMID- 7024192 TI - Studies on the peptide bond specificity and the essential groups of an acid proteinase from Aspergillus fumigatus. AB - The specificity and mode of action of an acid proteinase from A. fumigatus was studied with B-chain of insulin, angiotensin II and bradykinin. With reference to the known structure of the B-chain of insulin and angiotensin II, the major sites of action were determined. Acid proteinase of A. fumigatus hydrolyzed primarily three peptide bonds in the B-chain of insulin viz. i. His(5)-Leu(6); ii. Tyr(16) Leu(17) and iii. Phe(24)-Phe(25) bonds. Additional cleavages of the bonds His(10) Leu(11) and Leu(15-Tyr(16) were also noted. Primary splitting sites, Tyr(16) Leu(17) and Phe(24)-Phe(25) were identical with those reported in the work of porcine pepsin C (EC 3.4.23.3). Hydrolysis of angiotensin II was observed at Tyr(4)-Ile(5) bond. The acid proteinase was found not to be inactivated by EDTA, DEP and PCMB. The pepsin specific inhibitors viz. DAN/Cu II and EPNP showed quite appreciable inhibition, while SDS completely inactivated this acid proteinase. PMID- 7024191 TI - Bioautographic visualization of enzymes. PMID- 7024193 TI - A method of registering centric relation. PMID- 7024194 TI - [Works in American dermatology]. PMID- 7024195 TI - [Pyoderma gangrenosum (dermatitis ulcerosa)]. AB - Even though pyoderma gangrenosum (dermatitis ulcerosa) is still considered to be a polyetiological syndrome with uncertain pathogenesis, immunological processes are attributed to it. It serves as an indicator of an underlying internal disease. A more than incidental occurrence is found of inflammatory intestinal diseases such as colitis ulcerosa, inflammatory joint disorders, among hematological diseases predominantly myeloic leukemia, paraproteinemia with and without plasmocytoma as well as inflammatory vascular processes. A variety of other simultaneous diseases have to be considered as isolated case reports; it remains for future investigations to decide if these will be classified among the merely coincidental diseases or as various manifestations of a common immunological process. PMID- 7024196 TI - Analytical measurements of natural lead radiations. PMID- 7024197 TI - The development of radiation protection standards (1925-1940). PMID- 7024198 TI - Iodine-131 in thyroids of the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) in the vicinity of the Three Mile Island nuclear generating plant. PMID- 7024199 TI - The radiation warning symbol. PMID- 7024200 TI - The effect of contract witnessing on motivation and weight loss in a weight control program. AB - To investigate the impact which commitment has on the achievement of behavioral change goals in a weight control program, a behavioral contracting process was used. One-hundred six adult volunteers were randomly identified as treatment or control group members and co-participated in a four-week, eight-hour, behavioral self-management weight control program. As part of homework assignments, all participants were provided with three take-home contracts which were to be returned either signed by the participant only (control group with baseline commitment) or by the participant and at least one friend, relative, or peer (treatment group with enhanced commitment). Analyses of comparable treatment and control group members shows the treatment group holding significantly stronger behavioral intentions 10 to 15 weeks after the program ended and losing weight at a significantly faster rate. Implications for program planning, implementation, and evaluation are discussed. PMID- 7024201 TI - The state of school heart health education: a review of the literature. AB - The evidence and presence of modifiable risk factors associated with heart disease has heightened interest among health educators in developing prevention oriented programs. In an attempt to assist in planning future curriculum efforts and research in this area a literature review was conducted. It is presented and organized within the following three major categories: 1. incidence of cardiovascular risk factors (in the school age population); 2. need for health education (the status of adolescent health and problems of motivation); and 3. evaluations of current heart projects (knowledge, attitudes and behavioral outcomes). A few classic articles were included: the primary literature reviewed was that of the past 10 years. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. there is a need to be concerned about the cardiovascular health of young people; 2. the need for educational programs about proven methods of prevention is well documented; 3. studies have found that adolescents do not have sufficient knowledge upon which to make healthful decisions related to preventing cardiovascular disease; 4. research has demonstrated that well designed programs can be effective in increasing health knowledge and promoting positive attitudes; 5. some programs have encouraged behavioral change; 6. most programs have proven too expensive to become integral components of the curricula; and 7. further educational research must be conducted so that health education might by the end of this decade play a significant role in the reduction of the morbidity and mortality inflicted by cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7024202 TI - Rehabilitation of patients after acute myocardial infarction- an interdisciplinary, family-oriented program. AB - Acute myocardial infarction causes a substantial number of patients to experience difficulties in readjustment to daily activities. It also has an effect on the patient's spouse and emotional state and on the dynamics of interpersonal familial relationships. It is suggested that an interdisciplinary (cardiologist, psychologist, physiotherapist, nurse, dietitian) family-oriented rehabilitation program, which provides medical follow-up, accurate information, psychological understanding and support, and physical training, will contribute to the improvement in life-style for the patient and his family. A long-term rehabilitation program for male patients is described along with a short-term program for those who are unable to take part in the main program. The conviction of the medical team as well as that of the patients, following 8 years of experience, is that the rehabilitation program is responsible for remarkable changes in patient life-style, improvements of family atmosphere, and adjustments of family members to the new situation. PMID- 7024203 TI - Intravenous drugs used in treating hypertensive emergencies. AB - Drugs used to treat hypertensive emergencies should have the characteristics of rapid action, short duration, high potency, reversibility, a low toxic/therapeutic ratio, no association tachyphylaxis, and a specific action on the cardiovascular system. Of the three mentioned only SNP fulfills all of the requirements. SNP is used, with few exceptions, to treat hypertensive crisis. Trimethaphan camsylate is useful in preventing hemorrhage secondary to a dissecting aneurysm; the other drugs may worsen the tear. Diazoxide is good when no prolonged monitoring is available, since the drug is administered as a bolus rather than an infusion. Side effects, contraindications, and drug interactions are important points to remember during administration of these medications. Care is directed toward limiting or avoiding side effects by titrating the drug and by close observation of the patient. Concurrent maintenance therapy must be initiated to prevent a recurrence of hypertension upon discontinuance of the acute drug protocol. PMID- 7024204 TI - Transplantation of bone marrow: graft-vs.-host disease. PMID- 7024205 TI - [Autopic grafts in preprosthetic surgery (Martis method)]. PMID- 7024206 TI - Extraordinary aplasia cutis congenita, or a new entity? AB - Two cases of aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) are reported. They are unusual in that they presented in the lower extremities, showed blistering and were familial in nature. These lesions tend to heal without surgical intervention and with minimal scarring, and thus the patient can usually be assured of a happy outcome. All these characteristics support the belief that we deal either with a special entity within ACC or an entirely different syndrome. PMID- 7024207 TI - Cimetidine and fat malabsorption in children with cystic fibrosis. AB - Under controlled clinical observation we administered Cimetidine (600 mg/m2/day) in 10 children with cystic fibrosis. All patients received identical diets (40% fat, 45% carbohydrate, 15% protein) as well as same standardized enzyme preparation (lyophilised whole pancreas). 3-day fecal fat and nitrogen excretion analyses were performed. After 6 days of Cimetidine therapy, an improvement of fat and nitrogen absorption could be detected in 5 patients. Statistical analysis of the group as a whole showed no improvement in fat absorption coefficients. We conclude that this drug therapy should only be recommended for routine clinical use after long-term trials have shown a real improvement of absorption. PMID- 7024208 TI - Clinical themoradiotherapy. PMID- 7024209 TI - Local microwave hyperthermia in cancer therapy. Preliminary report. PMID- 7024210 TI - Hyperthermic perfusion 16 years after its first clinical applications. PMID- 7024211 TI - Local hyperthermia and radiation. A biologically-oriented clinical scheduling. PMID- 7024212 TI - Hyperthermia. PMID- 7024213 TI - Inhibition of pancreatic B-cell function by D-mannoheptulose. PMID- 7024214 TI - Immunocytochemical identification of amyloid in formalin-fixed paraffin sections. AB - Formalin-fixed paraffin sections of livers, spleens and kidneys from patients with primary, secondary and familial amyloidosis as well as from a casein-induced murine amyloid model were analysed by an immunocytochemical (unlabeled antibody enzyme) method utilizing antisera to amyloid-related proteins. All amyloid deposits of all amyloid types showed positive reactions with anti-AP of the respective species. Positive reaction of anti-human AA to human secondary amyloid deposits and of anti-mouse AA to the deposits of casein-induced murine amyloid was also observed, but there was no species cross reactivity. No significant deposition of the reaction products was produced by anti-immunoglobulin light chains on deposits of any amyloid type, or by anti-AA in the tissues from primary or familial amyloidosis. The results indicate that amyloid proteins AA and AP can survive as antigens through routine histologic preparation, that anti-AP can be a universal marker for deposits of any amyloid type within the same species, and that AA-type amyloid can be identified by this method while there may as yet be no feasible universal marker for the AL-type at present. PMID- 7024215 TI - Pre-embedding immunohistochemistry as an approach to high resolution antigen localization at the light microscopic level. AB - Pre-embedding immunohistochemistry with subsequent embedding in hydroxypropyl methacrylate enables one to obtain high resolution staining of antigens in 1 mu tissue sections. A routine method using formaldehyde fixation, methanol permeation, and an indirect method with fluorescein-labeled second antibody is described. This method is compared with other pre-embedding staining procedures. To illustrate the method the mouse small intestine was chosen as a model and stained with antibodies to tubulin, actin, and fibronectin. Some anticipated and some unusual staining patterns were found. PMID- 7024216 TI - Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of hydra. AB - Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity is found in nerve fibers present in all body regions of hydra. The nerve fibers are especially numerous in the ectoderm at the bases of the tentacles and in the ectoderm at a site just above the foot. Radioimmunoassays of acetic-acid extracts of hydra, using various region-specific antisera towards mammalian neurotensin, show the presence of multiple neurotensin related peptides. The amounts of these peptides vary between 1 and 350 pmol per gram wet weight. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 reveals a fraction of neurotensin-like peptides that crossreact equally well with an antiserum directed against sequence 1-8 and an antiserum directed against sequence 6-13 of neurotensin. This fraction elutes also at the position of neurotensin and might closely resemble the mammalian peptide. A fraction eluting with the void volume crossreacts preferentially with antisera directed against sequences 1-8 and 10-13 of neurotensin. Several components of apparent lower molecular weight than neurotensin crossreact preferentially with an antiserum against sequence 10-13. These last peptides represent the major portion of the neurotensin-like peptides in hydra. PMID- 7024217 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (DAP) IV in the rat submandibular gland during postnatal development. AB - The localization of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (DAP) IV in the rat submandibular gland during postnatal development was studied immunohistochemically using the unlabeled antibody enzyme method. Cryostat sections of rat submandibular glands were examined in animals 1 to 50 days old. In the first postnatal week, faint immunoreaction was detected in the apical region of the cytoplasm of terminal tubules. During the second postnatal week the reaction was gradually restricted to the luminal region of terminal tubules or developing acinar cells, and its intensity increased. The most striking change of the enzyme localization was observed in 15-day-old rats. At this time, DAP IV was confined to the luminal and lateral membranes of differentiated acinar cells and to the luminal membranes of intercalated and striated duct cells. This localization pattern was similar to that of the adult animal. DAP IV activity in the gland was also measured biochemically during the postnatal development. The results were in agreement with those of the immunohistochemical study. These results suggest that the localization of DAP IV is closely related to the postnatal differentiation and proliferation of acinar cells. PMID- 7024218 TI - Marrow transplantation from donors other than HLA identical siblings. AB - As of 31 December 1979, 39 patients in Seattle have received marrow grafts from donors other than HLA genotypically identical siblings. Sixteen transplants were between siblings, 21 from a parent to a child, one from a paternal uncle, and one from an unrelated donor. Ten patients had aplastic anemia and 29 had a hematological malignancy. As of 1 February 1980, only one of the ten patients transplanted for aplastic anemia is currently alive (greater than 1048 days) with a normal marrow and without graft-versus-host disease. This surviving patient was untransfused and received marrow from an HLA phenotypically identical mother. There were five episodes of graft rejection among the ten aplastic patients. Among the 29 patients transplanted for hematological malignancy, 12 (42%) are surviving from greater than 64 to greater than 995 days. Twelve of 29 patients were transplanted while in remission and eight (75%) are alive from greater than 148 to greater than 790 days. The two most frequent causes of death were relapse of leukemia and interstitial pneumonia. Only two patients died from complications clearly related to graft-versus-host disease. Five of the surviving patients were phenotypically identical with their donor for HLA, while seven were incompatible for some HLA determinants. One patient--donor pair was incompatible for HLA-D and DR as a result of HLA-B/D recombination, and six pairs were incompatible for HLA A and/or B. PMID- 7024219 TI - Critical appraisal of complement dependent microlymphocytotoxicity assay for detecting donor-specific alloantibody pretransplant--importance of indirect immunofluorescence as a superior alternative. AB - The ability of complement-dependent microlymphocytotoxicity assay (CdL) to detect and discriminate between the various types of donor-specific alloantibodies was reevaluated. Data obtained with the CdL assay on purified B and T lymphocytes at warm and cold temperatures was compared to other modes of antibody-detection, i.e., indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and the noncomplement-dependent antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Additionally, the significance of antibodies as detected by CdL and IF was ascertained by correlating with kidney transplant outcome. It became apparent that the CdL assay identified weakly reactive HLA-ABC alloantibodies as being B cell specific. Such weakly reactive HLA-ABC antibodies were also not appreciated in the presence of the cold reactive IgM antibody. Accelerated rejections were the rule in the presence of weakly reactive HLA-ABC alloantibodies indicating that their detection was highly important. The IF assay could discriminate between the antibody class, could detect weakly reactive HLA-ABC alloantibodies, and could detect noncomplement fixing antibodies (ADCC). Further, use of IF prevented us from unnecessarily denying transplants to certain recipients when a positive CdL assay resulted from an IgM antibody or poor cell viability. PMID- 7024220 TI - Carcinoma of the urinary bladder (category T1NxM0) treated either by radium implant or by transurethral resection only. PMID- 7024221 TI - Clinical experiences with local microwave hyperthermia. PMID- 7024222 TI - The early history of radiotherapy: 1895-1939. PMID- 7024223 TI - Hypoglycemia in four dogs with sepsis. PMID- 7024224 TI - Effects of storage time and temperature on quantitative culture of canine urine. AB - Results of quantitative culture of 25 canine urine samples stored at different temperatures for varying periods (2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours) following collection were compared. Samples stored at room temperature (21 to 25 C) were unreliable for diagnostic quantitative culture after 24 hours. False-positive results were obtained in 13 (50%) of the samples, and false-negative results were obtained in 1 (4%) sample. Likewise, samples sent via the US mail were unreliable for diagnostic quantitative culture since false-positive results were obtained in 9 (35%) of the samples. Samples stored at refrigeration temperature (3 to 8 C) provided more satisfactory data. Culture of urine samples refrigerated for 2 hours resulted in quantitative results that were similar and interpretations that were identical to those obtained for samples cultured without having been refrigerated. Refrigeration for periods up to 6 hours resulted in qualitative counts that differed from those obtained after initial culture of the nonrefrigerated samples, but interpretations of results were identical. After 24 hours of refrigeration there were no false-positive results; however, false negative results were observed in 1 (4%) of the samples. These observations indicated that optimal results of quantitative culture of urine can be consistently obtained only if samples are immediately processed following collection. If immediate culture is not possible, the specimens may be stored for at least 6 hours at refrigeration temperature without compromising the validity of results. PMID- 7024225 TI - Low temperature scanning electron microscopy of dog and guinea-pig hyaline articular cartilage. AB - Fifty seven blocks of cartilage excised from the femoral condyles of 20 beagle dogs, and whole lower ends of 5 guinea-pig femora, were examined at -195 degrees (78 K), by scanning electron microscopy. The unfixed tissue, taken into slushy nitrogen at -210 degrees (63 K), was not exposed to atmospheric air after quenching and remained fully hydrated throughout long periods of observation. Images susceptible to analysis were obtained from washed and from unwashed cartilage surfaces. Preliminary coating with gold or with aluminium, known to be possible without exposing cold cartilage surfaces to changes in temperature likely to cause water loss by sublimation, was valuable in minimising charging and in facilitating the recording of electron images at higher magnifications. Although examination was possible without coating, the resultant images were of low resolution. Microscopy revealed a pattern of secondary surface irregularities of tertiary elevations closely resembling those seen by the conventional scanning electron microscopy of fixed, dehydrated hyaline cartilage. However, the pattern of tertiary surface structures was predominantly that of elevations, not of hollows. Quaternary surface ridges were common on the surfaces of excised dog cartilage blocks and were not seen on the surfaces of guinea-pig cartilage which remained on the femoral condyles. PMID- 7024226 TI - In memoriam. Lawrence Herbert Wells. PMID- 7024227 TI - Isolation of L-2-(1-methylcyclopropyl)glycine from Micromonospora miyakonensis sp. nov. II. Isolation and characterization. PMID- 7024228 TI - Isolation of N-(2,6-diamino-6-hydroxymethylpimelyl)-L-alanine from Micromonospora chalcea. AB - A novel dipeptide, N-(2,6-diamino-6-hydroxymethylpimelyl)-L-alanine, was isolated from the culture broth of a microorganism identified as Micromonospora chalcea. The dipeptide exhibits antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli on a synthetic medium, and the activity is synergistically enhanced by several cell wall synthesis-inhibitors. PMID- 7024229 TI - Evaluation of the mutagenicity of miokamycin (MOM), a new macrolide antibiotic in the Ames Salmonella test and the dominant lethal assay. AB - Miokamycin (MOM), a new macrolide antibiotic, was tested for mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella test and the dominant lethal assay. MOM was not mutagenic against S. typhimurium strains TA1535-1538, TA100 and TA98 both with and without activation by S-9 mix. No increases in the frequencies of induced dominant lethal effects were found in MOM treated mice. MOM did not have mutagenic activities on either system. PMID- 7024230 TI - Sulfazecin, a novel beta-lactam antibiotic of bacterial origin. Isolation and chemical characterization. AB - Sulfazecin, a new water-soluble acidic antibiotic, which is active against Gram negative bacteria, was isolated as crystals from the culture broth of Pseudomonas acidophila G-6302 by use of anion exchange resin and activated charcoal. The molecular formula of sulfazecin was determined to be C12H20N4O9S from physicochemical data. The IR and NMR spectra suggested that this antibiotic has a beta-lactam ring, methoxyl and sulfonate groups. On acidic hydrolysis it gave D alanine and D-glutamic acid. These chemical and physicochemical data indicated that sulfazecin is a new beta-lactam antibiotic. PMID- 7024231 TI - Escherichia coli and the human gut: some ecological considerations. PMID- 7024232 TI - Numerical taxonomy analysis of bacteria isolated from the completed 'most probable numbers' test for coliform bacilli. PMID- 7024233 TI - The Escherichia coli content of Mytilus edulis from analysis of whole tissue or digestive tract. PMID- 7024234 TI - Rapid serotyping of bacteria of the 'Bacteroides fragilis' group by direct immunofluorescence, serotype specific conjugates. PMID- 7024235 TI - The effects of pH and levels of organic matter on the death of salmonellas in chicken scald-tank water. PMID- 7024236 TI - A note on positive BACTEC readings produced by Mycoplasma. PMID- 7024237 TI - The identification of Enterobacteriaceae from breweries: combined use and comparison of API 20E system, gel electrophoresis of proteins and gas chromatography of volatile metabolites. PMID- 7024238 TI - A selective medium for the enumeration of Streptococcus bovis by membrane filtration. PMID- 7024239 TI - [Susceptibility to murine leprosy bacilli of C3H/H3 mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024240 TI - Single dose antibiotic prophylaxis of surgical wound sepsis: which route of administration is best? A controlled clinical trial of intra-incisional against intravenous cephaloridine. PMID- 7024241 TI - Multiple antibiotic resistance and capsular types of gentamicin-resistant Klebsiella aerogenes. PMID- 7024242 TI - Activity of metronidazole on Bacteroides fragilis and/or Escherichia coli in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7024243 TI - Gentamicin-resistant Klebsiella aerogenes as a clinically-significant source of transferable antibiotic resistance. PMID- 7024244 TI - Penicillin-binding proteins in theory and practice. PMID- 7024245 TI - Ultraviolet fluorescence photography of the Shroud of Turin. PMID- 7024246 TI - Effects of unsaturated fatty acids on the morphogenesis of an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph of Escherichia coli. AB - Supplementation of linoleate or linolenate in a culture medium caused abnormal morphogenesis in an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph of Escherichia coli K-12. PMID- 7024247 TI - In vitro host cell reactivation of alkylated bacteriophage T7 deoxyribonucleic acid by repair-deficient strains of Escherichia coli. AB - An in vitro system capable of packaging bacteriophage T7 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into phage heads to form viable phage particles has been used to monitor the biological consequences of DNA dam aged by alkylating agents, and an in vitro DNA replication system has been used to examine the ability of alkylated T7 DNA to serve as template for DNA synthesis. The survival of phage resulting from in vitro packaging of DNA preexposed to various concentrations of methyl methane sulfonate or ethyl methane sulfonate closely paralleled the in vivo situation, in which intact phage were exposed to the alkylating agents. Host factors responsible for survival of alkylated T7 have been examined by using wild-type strains of EScherichia coli and mutants deficient in DNA polymerase I (polA) or 3 methyladenine-DNA glycosylase (tag). For both in vivo and in vitro situations, a deficiency in 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase dramatically reduced phage survival relative to that in the wild type, whereas a deficiency in DNA polymerase I had an intermediate effect. Furthermore, when the tag mutant was used as an indicator strain, phage survival was enhanced when alkylated DNA was packaged with extracts prepared from a wild-type strain in place of the tag mutant or by complementing a tag extract with an uninfected tag+ extract, indicating in vitro repair during packaging. PMID- 7024248 TI - A novel phenolic glycolipid from Mycobacterium leprae possibly involved in immunogenicity and pathogenicity. AB - A phenolic glycolipid was obtained in high amounts (2% of dry weight) from Mycobacterium leprae isolated from infected armadillo liver. Infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that it is closely related to "mycoside A" from Mycobacterium kansasii and is therefore a glycosylphenolic phthiocerol diester. The crucial difference between the two products is in the composition of the attached trisaccharide. Gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy showed that the product from M. kansasii is composed of 2,4-di-O-methylrhamnose, 2-O methylrhamnose, and 2-O-methylfucose, whereas that from M. leprae contains 2,3-di O-methylrhamnose, 3-O-methylrhamnose, and 3,6-di-O-methylglucose. The distinct composition of the oligosaccharide segment of the glycolipid from M. leprae may make it useful for the chemical and serological differentiation of this organism from other mycobacteria. Surprisingly large quantities (2.2 mg/g of dry liver) of the glycolipid were also found in infected liver residue freed of M. leprae, suggesting that it may be responsible for the electron-transparent "foam" surrounding the organism in infected lepromatous tissue. PMID- 7024249 TI - Incorporation of substrate cell lipid A components into the lipopolysaccharide of intraperiplasmically grown Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. AB - The composition of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was determined for cells grown axenically and intraperiplasmically on Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas putida. The LPS of axenically grown bdellovibrios contained glucose and fucosamine as the only detectable neutral sugar and amino sugar, and nonadecenoic acid (19:1) as the predominant fatty acid. Additional fatty acids, heptose, ketodeoxyoctoic acid, and phosphate were also detected. LPS from bdellovibrios grown intraperiplasmically contained components characteristic of both axenically grown bdellovibrios and the substrate cells. Substrate cell derived LPS fatty acids made up the majority of the bdellovibrio LPS fatty acids and were present in about the same proportions as in the substrate cell LPS. Glucosamine derived from E. coli LPS amounted to about one-third of the hexosamine residues in intraperiplasmically grown bdellovibrio LPS. However, galactose, characteristic of the E. coli outer core and O antigen, was not detected in the bdellovibrio LPS, suggesting that only lipid A components of the substrate cell were incorporated. Substrate cell-derived and bdellovibrio synthesized LPS materials were conserved in the B. bacteriovorus outer membrane for at least two cycles of intraperiplasmic growth. When bdellovibrios were grown on two different substrate cells successively, lipid A components were taken up from the second while the components incorporated from the lipid A of the first were conserved in the bdellovibrio LPS. The data show that substrate cell lipid A components were incorporated into B. bacteriovorus lipid A during intraperiplasmic growth with little or no change, and that these components, fatty acids and hexosamines, comprised a substantial portion of bdellovibrio lipid A. PMID- 7024250 TI - Partial characterization of lipid A of intraperiplasmically grown Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. AB - The lipid A components of substrate cell origin incorporated by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus during intraperiplasmic growth (D. R. Nelson and S. C. Rittenberg, J. Bacteriol. 147:860-868, 1981) were shown to be integrated into its lipopolysaccharide structure. Lipid A isolated from bdellovibrios grown on Escherichia coli was resolved into two fractions by thin-layer chromatography. Fraction 2 had the same Rf as the single lipid A fraction of axenicaly grown bdellovibrios, and both stained identically with aniline-diphenylamine reagent. Fraction 1 resembled, in Rf and staining reaction, the slower migrating of two lipid A fractions obtained from the E.coli used as the substrate cell. Both fractions 1 and 2 contained glucosamine, a substrate cell-derived compound. Greater than 65% of the fatty acids in fraction 1 were derived from the substrate cell, whereas more than 60% of the fatty acids of fraction 2 were synthesized by the bdellovibrio. Nevertheless, each fraction contained significant amounts of fatty acid of both origins. The substrate cell-derived fatty acids had the same distribution of N-acyl and O-acyl linkages as in E. coli lipid A. The data indicate that the two lipid A moieties in lipopolysaccharide of intraperiplasmically grown bdellovibrios are hybrids of substrate cell-derived and bdellovibrio-synthesized components. The data also suggest that disaccharide units and N- and O-acyl linkages preexisting in the substrate cell lipid A may be conserved. A possible explanation for the unequal distribution of substrate cell derived material in the two lipid A fractions of the bdellovibrio is suggested. PMID- 7024251 TI - High-affinity arabinose transport mutants of Escherichia coli: isolation and gene location. AB - The gene araF, the product of which is the L-arabinose-binding protein--a component of the high-affinity L-arabinose transport system, was located on the Escherichia coli linkage map at 45 min. We established this location using bacteriophage P2 eductates and bacteriophage P1 cotransduction frequencies with the adjacent genetic loci, his (histidine biosynthesis) and mgl (methylgalactoside transport). In addition, we isolated a number of mutants that phenotypically exhibited altered high-affinity L-arabinose transport capacities. At least two of these mutations were located in the araF gene, as binding protein purified from these strains exhibited altered in vitro arabinose-binding properties. PMID- 7024252 TI - Degradation of abnormal proteins in peptidase-deficient mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The degradation of abnormal proteins produced as a result of incorporation of the arginine analog L-canavanine or generated by exposure to puromycin was studied in wild-type and multiply peptidase-deficient strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Both types of abnormal protein were rapidly degraded during growth of Pep+ strains of this organism. Peptidase--deficient mutants (lacking peptidases N, A, B, and D) could also degrade these abnormal proteins, although the rate of production of trichloroacetic acid-soluble degradation products was slower in the mutant strain than in a strain carrying a normal complement of peptidases. Analysis of these trichloroacetic acid-soluble degradation products of ion exchange chromatography showed that free amino acid was the major breakdown product produced by the wild-type strain. The acid-soluble degradation product produced by the mutant strain, however, was a complex mixture that contained a variety of small peptides as well as free amino acids. These results indicate that the same group of peptidases shown previously to function in the degradation of exogenously supplied peptides and in protein turnover during carbon starvation also lie on the pathway by which abnormal proteins are degraded. PMID- 7024253 TI - Regulation of the OmpA outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli. AB - The role of lipopolysaccharide in regulating the expression of the ompA outer membrane protein gene of Escherichia coli K-12 was studied by isolating mutants defective in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide and by examining transcription of lacZ in strains carrying operon fusions in which lacZ is expressed from the ompA promoter. By selecting for simultaneous resistance to phages K3 and U3, we obtained mutants defective in rfaC (biosynthesis of core heptose) and in rfaP (phosphorylation of core heptose), and both of these mutant strains failed to express OmpA protein in the outer membrane. Expression of lacZ from the ompA or by foreign ompA alleles which are not expressed in E. coli K-12. Expression was increased in strains carrying rfaC and rfaP mutations. No precursor or degraded form of OmpA protein accumulated in cells which could not express the protein in the outer membrane. This lack of accumulation of precursor was observed even in the presence of phenethyl alcohol, which caused accumulation of OmpA precursor in wild-type cells. We present a model for the regulation of this gene which is consistent with these observations and which involves modulation of transcription coupled to translation of the protein. PMID- 7024254 TI - Hydrophobic peptide auxotrophy in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The growth of a pleiotropic membrane mutant of Salmonella typhimurium with modified lipopolysaccharide composition was found to be strictly dependent on the peptone component of complex media. Nutritional Shiftdown into minimal media allowed growth for three to four generations. Of 20 commercial peptones, only enzymatic digests supported growth to varying degrees. Neither trace cations, amino acids, vitamins, carbohydrates, lipids, glutathione, polyamines, carbodimides, nor synthetic peptides stimulated growth; however, cells still metabolized carbohydrates, and amino acid transport systems were shown to be functional. A tryptic digest of casein was fractionated into four electrophoretically different peptide fractions of 1,000 to 1,200 molecular weight which supported growth to varying degrees. The best of these was further fractionated to two highly hydrophopic peptides. N-terminal modifications eliminated biological activity. Fluorescein-conjugated goat antibody to rabbit immunoglobulin G was used as a probe to detect antipeptide antibody-peptide complexes on membrane preparations. Cells grown on peptone distributed the peptide into both inner and outer membranes. The peptide could be removed with chaotropic agents, and cells had to be pregrown in peptone-containing media to bind the hydrophobic peptide. The gene (hyp) responsible for peptide auxotrophy was mapped at 44 to 45 units by conjugation. PMID- 7024255 TI - An amber mutation in a ribosomal protein gene: ineffective suppression stimulates operon-specific transcription. AB - The effects of inefficient suppression and the accompanying polarity of an amber mutation in the ribosomal protein gene rplC (L3) on the transcriptional activities of several ribosomal protein operons were investigated. The L3 gene is proximally located in the S10 operon. Inefficient suppression of the mutation specifically stimulated transcription of regions both proximal and distal to the site of mutation by about twofold. In contrast, no effect on the transcriptional activity of regions within the alpha and spc ribosomal protein operons was observed. Thus, transcription of the S10 operon could be actively and specifically regulated in response to a deficiency in one or more of the protein products from the operon. We presume that this transcriptional control acts at the level of transcription initiation, but we cannot exclude the possibility of some other unknown transcriptional regulatory mechanism. PMID- 7024256 TI - A learning aid for DSM-III: computerized prompting of diagnostic criteria. AB - To help overcome many of the difficulties of learning and using the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatry, a system was developed for reviewing its contents as appropriate to individual clinical cases. It is faithful in format and contents to this Manual. This system is now being regularly used by medical students, residents, and psychiatrists on a voluntary basis, as a teaching aid. It also allows measurement of how the interpretation of DSM-III criteria differs among these groups. This system can be used on relatively inexpensive microcomputers. PMID- 7024257 TI - Formation of arginine and guanidinoacetic acid in the kidney in vivo. Their relations with the liver and their regulation. AB - A method was developed for evaluating the relative rate of conversion of [14C] citrulline to [14C]arginine in vivo. By this method it was demonstrated that the conversion was almost completely abolished by functional nephrectomy, but not by functional hepatectomy. It was also demonstrated that functional nephrectomy caused a prompt increase in the citrulline concentration in the serum, while functional hepatectomy caused a rapid decrease in it. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that the kidney was the main organ for synthesis of arginine from citrulline, which is supplied from the liver. Studies using this method also provided evidence suggesting that arginine formation from citrulline might be controlled by insulin and by negative feedback due to dietary arginine. In addition, in vivo experiments and perfusion experiments on isolated kidney showed that guanidinoacetic acid formation from citrulline was remarkable decreased in diabetic rats. Enzymological studies suggested that this decrease might be due to a change in glycine amidinotransferase [L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase, EC 2.1.4.1] activity. PMID- 7024258 TI - Subcellular localization of the enzymes involved in the late stage of ergosterol biosynthesis in yeast. AB - The subcellular distribution of enzymes involved in the reaction sequence from zymosterol to ergosterol was studied. The spheroplasts obtained from cells aerobically grown on ethanol were gently disrupted and the homogenate was fractionated into the subcellular organelles by differential centrifugation. Inspection of the distribution of several marker enzymes revealed that the fractionation was reasonably effected. As a result of experiments, delta 8-delta 7-sterol isomerase, S-adenosylmethionine: delta 24-sterol methyltransferase and the enzyme involved in the reaction sequence from episterol to ergosterol were localized in microsomes. These results suggest the localization of enzymes involved in the late stage of ergosterol synthesis in microsomes. PMID- 7024259 TI - Minor conformational changes of yeast tRNAPhe anticodon loop occur upon aminoacylation as indicated by Y base fluorescence. AB - The Y base fluorescence of highly purified yeast tRNAPhe was measured in order to detect possible conformational changes of the anticodon loop, which were induced as a consequence of aminoacylation. A small enhancement of Y base fluorescence intensity in the order of 5% was observed in situ during aminoacylation. The rotational mobility of the Y base of Phe-tRNAPhe and tRNAPhe was determined by measuring the fluorescence polarization at various temperatures between 5 degrees C and 35 degrees C. Differences in the fluorescence polarization of the Y base between these tRNAs were however not observed. These results confirm that minor changes in the microenvironment of the Y base occur upon aminoacylation, whereas significant conformational changes of the anticodon loop can be excluded. PMID- 7024260 TI - Involvement of free ribosomes in the early stage of secretory protein biosynthesis in rat liver. AB - Nascent peptides on free and bound ribosomes prepared from rat liver were labeled and released with [3H]puromycin, and the amounts of the nascent peptides of two secretory proteins, serum albumin and transferrin, were determined by immunoprecipitation with specific antibodies. An appreciable amount of serum albumin nascent peptides was associated with free ribosomes, although most of them were carried by bound ribosomes. Serum albumin nascent peptides associated with free ribosomes were smaller in size than those carried by bound ribosomes. When the products of cell-free translation programmed by free and bound polysomes were immunoprecipitated with antibodies, the percentages of serum albumin to the total translation products were in good agreement with those obtained in the nascent peptides experiment. Cell-free translation of free polysomes produced serum albumin with a similar molecular weight to the authentic one. Although nascent peptides of transferrin were detected only on bound ribosomes, and not on free ribosomes, the transferrin antibody immunoprecipitated 0.2% of total translation products of free polysomes. These observations indicate that free polysomes have complete messenger RNA's and shorter growing nascent peptides of serum albumin and transferrin. PMID- 7024261 TI - Interaction of initiator Met-tRNArMet (Escherichia coli) and Gly-tRNAIGly (Staphylococcus epidermidis) with bacterial elongation factor Tu:GTP complex. AB - Jekowsky et al. reported recently that elongation factor Tu:GTP complex from Escherichia coli protected aminoacyl-tRNA from digestion by pancreatic RNase (I). On the basis of their finding, we have developed the "RNase-resistance assay" for determination of the dissociation constant of aminoacyl-tRNA from aminoacyl tRNA:EF-Tu:GTP complex. By the use of this sensitive assay, the dissociation constants were estimated to be 3.6 x 10(-7) M for Ala-tRNA1Ala (Torulopsis utilis), 7.9 x 10(-8) M for Phe-tRNAPhe (Escherichia coli), 8.1 x 10(-7) M for initiator Met-tRNAfMet (Escherichia coli), and 5.4 x 10(-6) M for Gly-tRNA1Gly (Staphylococcus epidermidis) participating in cell wall biosynthesis. Moreover, using a relatively large amount of EF-Tu:GTP, we have been able to detect the ternary complexes of initiator Met-tRNAfMet and Gly-tRNA1Gly with EF-Tu:GTP even by the method of gel filtration. PMID- 7024262 TI - Amino acid sequence of immunity protein (B subunit) of colicin E3. AB - The amino acid sequence of immunity protein (protein B) of colicin E3 (84 amino acid residues) was determined. B was first split into two fragments, CB 1 and CB 2, by CNBr treatment. The structure of CB 1 (the N-terminal part of B) was determined by Edman degradation of whole protein B. The structure of CB 2 (the C terminal part of B) was established by sequencing its four trypsin peptides. The sequences and the alignment of the tryptic peptides were completed by analyses of thermolysin peptides of CB 2. These results established the complete amino acid sequence of B. PMID- 7024263 TI - Medical illustration: our early years. reminiscing in letters: Harriet Blackstock Thomson to Ranice Crosby. PMID- 7024264 TI - Immunochemical evidence of homologies among 50 S ribosomal proteins of Bacillus stearothermophilus and Escherichia coli. AB - Antibodies prepared against individual 50 S ribosomal subunit proteins from Escherichia coli were reacted with 70 S ribosomal proteins from Bacillus stearothermophilus in order to identify homologous protein pairs. B. stearothermophilus proteins were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred electrophoretically to diazobenzyloxymethyl paper to which they became covalently attached. The paper was then washed with antiserum followed by radioactive protein A, and the resulting antigen-antibody protein A complexes were located by autoradiography. Seventeen cross-reacting protein pairs were identified. PMID- 7024265 TI - DeoxyATP-resistant ribonucleotide reductase of mutant mouse lymphoma cells. Evidence for heterozygosity for the protein M1 subunits. PMID- 7024266 TI - Demonstration of normal and mutant protein M1 subunits of deoxyGTP-resistant ribonucleotide reductase from mutant mouse lymphoma cells. AB - From a mutagenized population of mouse T-lymphoma cells (S49) in continuous culture a cell line has been isolated (Ullman, B., Gudas, L. J., Clift, S. M., Martin, D. W., Jr. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 76, 1074-1978) with ribonucleotide reductase activity that is inhibited only 50% by concentrations of dGTP which abolish wild type enzyme activity. Ribonucleotide reductase activity from this dGuo-L cell line retains its normal sensitivity to dATP. The partial sensitivity/partial resistance of the ribonucleotide reductase suggests that the dGuo-L cell line is heterozygous for ribonucleotide reductase, possessing one normal allele and one allele which codes for a dGTP-resistant enzyme. Both homologous and heterologous mixing experiments between the separated nonidentical subunits of ribonucleotide reductase, protein M1 and protein M2, from wild type and dGuo-L cells showed that the dGTP- feedback sensitivity was governed by the source of the protein M1. A partial resolution of two dGuo-L protein M1 components was achieved by chromatography on dextran blue-Sepharose. In order to resolve the two dGuo-L protein M1 components more completely, we introduced into dGuo-L cells a second mutation which conferred resistance of the ribonucleotide reductase to dATP, while the original dGTP resistance was maintained. The chromatography of protein M1 from this latter clone, dGuo-L-Aphid-G5, on dATP Sepharose resolved two kinetically distinct protein M1 components. The first component was sensitive to dGTP inhibition but stimulated by dATP; the second was absolutely refractory to dGTP but sensitive to dATP inhibition. This confirms the hypothesis that the dGuo-L parent is heterozygous for protein M1, containing one wild type and one mutant allele. PMID- 7024267 TI - Evidence for genetically independent allosteric regulatory domains of the protein M1 subunit of mouse ribonucleotide reductase. AB - Ribonucleotide reductase is responsible for the reduction of the 2'-hydroxy moiety of all four ribonucleoside diphosphates to the corresponding deoxyribonucleotides. The overall activity of the enzyme is regulated by the allosteric effectors ATP (activator) and dATP (inhibitor), and the enzyme's substrate specificity is also controlled by nucleotide effectors. For instance, wild type ribonucleotide reductase from mouse T-lymphoma (S49) cells requires dGTP as a positive effector for ADP reduction. This effect of dGTP causes a reciprocal inhibition of CDP reduction. The dGuo-L mutant cell line, resistant to growth inhibition by exogenous deoxyguanosine, contains a nucleotide-binding subunit, protein M1, that conveys to its CDP reductase an insensitivity to dGTP (and dTTP) inhibition. The dGuo-L protein M1 also shows a decreased capacity to use ADP as a substrate, and therefore, the regulation of the substrate specificity is altered in the mutant protein M1. Another mutant cell line, dGuo 200-1, is resistant to deoxyadenosine and its ribonucleotide reductase is abnormally resistant to inhibition by dATP. The isolated mutant protein M1 from dGuo-200-1 cells has a CDP reductase activity which is stimulated by dATP, unlike the wild type enzyme which is inhibited by dATP. It appears that this mutant enzyme has lost the capacity to distinguish between dATP and ATP, but is still sensitive to regulation by dGTP and dTTP. Thus, the site of protein M1 regulating overall activity is altered in the dGuo-200-1 mutant, while the site regulating substrate specificity is normal. These characteristics of the mutants provide genetic evidence for two independent allosteric domains of protein M1, each responsible for a different aspect of nucleotide sensitivity of ribonucleotide reductase. PMID- 7024268 TI - Serological detection of homologies of H1o with H5 and H1 histones. AB - Immunospecifically purified anti-chicken H5 antibodies caused bright staining of mouse liver nuclei in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Analysis with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter showed that 95% of the nuclei were in the brightest category. Histones extracted from mouse liver nuclei, analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, presented an extra band with the same mobility as chick erythrocyte H5. Electrophoretic blots on nitrocellulose paper were treated with anti-H5 or anti-H1 antibodies and iodinated protein A. The affinity purified anti-H5 bound to chicken H5 and mouse H1o fractions only. Anti calf H1 bound to calf, chicken, and mouse H1 proteins and to mouse H1o as well. Antibodies to purified subfractions of rat thymus H1 showed binding to both H1 and H1o. The results support the suggestions that H1o bears significant structural homology with H5 and H1. PMID- 7024269 TI - Mistranslated protein in Escherichia coli. AB - Amino acid starvation of a variety of different types of cells has been reported to induce protein degradation and also specific mistranslation. For certain amino acid starvations, the mistranslated protein, which contains specific amino acid substitutions, can be separated and quantified by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In this paper, I show that this specifically mistranslated protein, made during amino acid starvation, does not seem to be preferentially degraded during continued starvation or renewed growth. Specifically mistranslated ribosomal protein is also assembled into ribosomes in the same proportion that it is made. These results imply that the amino acid substitutions apparently made (lysine for asparagine or glutamine or histidine) do not lead to proteins recognized as grossly "abnormal" by the cell's proteolysis systems. PMID- 7024270 TI - A mutation in the tRNAAsp gene from yeast mitochondria. Effects on RNA and protein synthesis. AB - We have characterized a mutation that affects the tRNAAsp coded by yeast mitochondrial DNA. Comparison of the DNA sequences of the tRNAAsp gene from a wild type strain and the mutant demonstrates that the mutant differs by a C to U base change in position 72 of the tRNA. This mutation abolishes mitochondrial protein synthesis, presumably because the tRNAAsp made from this gene cannot be charged with aspartic acid (FAye, G., Bolotin-Fukuhara, M., and Fukuhara, H. (1976) in The Genetics and Biogenesis of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria (Bucher, C. T., Neupert, W., Sebalt, W., and Werner, S., eds) pp. 547-555, North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam). It also reduces the amount of tRNAAsp transcripts in the mutant as compared to the wild type. PMID- 7024271 TI - Free sigma factor of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase can bind to DNA. AB - Free sigma factor from E. coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme was shown to associate with supercoiled pBR350 and pBRH4 plasmid DNA s by two methods. The banding pattern of sigma factor through a nondenaturing polyacrylamide slab gel was significantly altered in the presence of supercoiled DNA; sigma factor had little or no affinity to linear, double- or single-stranded DNA. At saturation, approximately one sigma factor was bound/200 base pairs of supercoiled pBR350 DNA. By the nitrocellulose filter trapping method, sigma factor was able to bind supercoiled pBRH4 DNA much more efficiently than linear double-stranded pBRH4 DNA. These results suggest that sigma factor plays a role in the binding of holoenzyme to DNA and may be involved in locally denaturing DNA in the promoter region as postulated by previous investigators. PMID- 7024272 TI - Deuterium isotope effects on the product partitioning of fluoromethylglyoxal by glyoxalase I. Proof of a proton transfer mechanism. AB - Fluoromethylglyoxal in the presence of glutathione has been shown to undergo a novel glyoxalase I-catalyzed product partitioning to S-fluorolactoylglutathione and S-pyruvylglutathione with fluoride elimination. While the partition ratio (fluoride eliminated/total fluoride) was insensitive to pH 5.5-7.5 and concentrations of substrate and glyoxalase I, it was species-dependent. When [1 2H]fluoromethylglyoxal was reacted with glyoxalase I, an increase in the partition ratio and retention of deuterium in the product fluorolactate was observed. This result can only be explained by a selective primary isotope effect on the protonation of an enediol intermediate relative to fluoride elimination. PMID- 7024273 TI - Study of crystalline hexokinase-glucose complexes by isotope trapping. PMID- 7024274 TI - Chemical modifications of Serratia marcescens anthranilate synthase component I. AB - Serratia marcescens anthranilate synthase Component I (AS I) was purified from a plasmid-containing Escherichia coli strain. Residues essential for AS I function were studied by chemical modification reactions. Phenylglyoxal and 1,2 cyclohexanedione modified 2-5 arginine residues and inactivated AS I. The substrate chorismate reduced the rate of inactivation. Analysis of inactivation data indicated that 1 arginine residue is essential for activity. Histidine residues in AS I were modified by ethoxyformic anhydride and by photooxidation. Enzyme inactivation accompanied modification of histidine residues. Inactivation was prevented by substrate. Comparison of the number of carbethoxy groups incorporated between substrate-protected and unprotected AS I indicated that 1 histidine residue is required for activity. AS I was also inactivated by bromopyruvate. Substrate retarded inactivation by bromopyruvate. A differential labeling experiment indicated that the loss of AS I activity was correlated with alkylation of 1 cysteine residue. A tryptic peptide containing the essential cysteine residue was isolated. The peptide has the amino acid sequence of Ile-Cys Gln-Ala-Gly-Ser-Arg. PMID- 7024275 TI - The orientation of the major coat protein of bacteriophage f1 in the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli. AB - The orientation of the major coat (B) protein of the bacteriophage f1, an integral membrane protein in the cytoplasmic membrane of infected Escherichia coli, was examined. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and [3H]NaBH4 were used to label the cytoplasmic membrane proteins in spheroplasts and membrane vesicles of E. coli infected with bacteriophage f1. Under the conditions described, tritium incorporation was almost completely dependent on the presence of pyridoxal 5' phosphate and little if any of the cytoplasmic proteins were labeled when the reaction was applied to intact spheroplasts. The major coat protein was isolated from the cytoplasmic membranes labeled in this manner and the chymotryptic peptides were analyzed for the presence of tritium in the pyridoxamine 5' phosphate conjugate. When the proteins were labeled in the intact spheroplast, only the NH2-terminal chymotryptic peptide of the coat protein was labeled. If the proteins were labeled during osmotic lysis of the spheroplasts or in isolated vesicles, the chymotryptic peptide containing the COOH terminus of the coat protein as well as the NH2-terminal peptide was labeled. The NH2-terminal peptide was labeled to approximately the same extent as occurred in the intact spheroplast. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the mature f1 coat protein asymmetrically spans the cytoplasmic membrane of the infected host with its NH2 terminus exposed on the outside and COOH terminus exposed on the cytoplasmic surface. PMID- 7024276 TI - The third international standard for streptomycin. PMID- 7024277 TI - A rapid method for the detection of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins in whole blood. PMID- 7024278 TI - Application of the finite element analysis to determine forces and stresses in wound closing. PMID- 7024279 TI - An analysis of stresses in a dental implant system. PMID- 7024280 TI - The in vitro and in vivo behavior of urokinase immobilized onto collagen synthetic polymer composite material. AB - With a view to developing biomaterials for semipermanent substitution, we have studied a composite material constituted with collagen and a synthetic polymer which possesses high tissue compatibility. This collagen-synthetic polymer composite was applied as a support for immobilization of enzymes for the purpose of providing a material surface with biological function. The enzymes, urokinase and trypsin, were successfully bound to the collagen membrane layer which had been activated by acyl azide formation of its carboxyl groups. The enzyme-bearing composite material showed excellent catalytic activity toward a protein substrate as well as a low-molecular-weight synthetic substrate. The immobilized urokinase was characterized enzymatically and compared with native urokinase. The apparent affinity of immobilized urokinase for the substrate was slightly decreased, but its intrinsic kinetic properties were not significantly affected. No decrease in its esterase activity was observed both on repeated use and on long-term storage, and its fibrinolytic activity was stable on heat or disinfection treatment. When this urokinase-bearing composite material was applied into rabbit blood vessels, its in vivo fibrinolytic activity was maintained. Thus, enzyme-collagen-synthetic polymer composites may find wide application for biomaterials and artificial organs as functional biomaterials. PMID- 7024281 TI - Biodegradation of a poly-(alpha-amino acid) hydrogel. II. In vitro. AB - Proteolytic enzymes have been employed in an in vitro model to simulate the in vivo degradation of a synthetic poly(amino acid) hydrogel. Trypsin and collagenase had no effect on crosslinked poly(2-hydroxyethyl-L-glutamine) but pronase and papain dissolved the hydrogel. The initial effect of papain was to decrease the effective crosslink density without producing soluble material. This effect was similar to that observed previously in vivo. Analysis of the papain digestion products showed that oligomers of degree of polymerization 4-9 were the chief products. The rate at which oligomers were formed increased with increasing crosslink density. This phenomenon was attributed to hydrophobic effects. PMID- 7024282 TI - Nickel solubility from nickel-chromium dental casting alloys. PMID- 7024283 TI - Treatment of dural tears associated with spinal surgery. AB - We reviewed the cases of five consecutive patients with tears of the spinal dura with postoperative leaks of cerebrospinal fluid. Problems in cluded the persistence of cerebrospinal-fluid fistulas in four patients and a late symptomatic pseudomeningocele in one, all requiring reoperation and meticulous closure of the dura. Dural tears should be repaired at the time of the original operation either directly or utilizing a fascial graft or a tissue-plug technique. When the leak is first noted in the postoperative period, reoperation for repair of the dura is recommended. PMID- 7024284 TI - Patterns of antibody reactivity against selected human leukemia cell lines. AB - Absorption procedures which allow the production of a selectively cytotoxic anti human lymphocyte serum are described. Although the production of a reagent whose reactivity is restricted. Although the production of a reagent whose reactivity is restricted exclusively to lymphocytes may be achieved by exhaustive absorption steps using fresh human erythrocytes, CML cells, and fetal liver cells, a more realistic alternative is the use of appropriately selected cultured human leukemia cell lines. Data are presented which show how these cell lines may be employed to selectively manipulate the cross-reactivity spectrum of ALS. Pre treatment of donor bone marrow cells prior to transplantation with a selectively lymphocytotoxic ALS has been shown to allow transplantation of bone marrow across major histocompatibility barriers in rodents without the occurrence of GvH reactions, and it is the purpose of the present investigations to show that an analogous anti-human ALS can be prepared which possesses the required degree of selectivity to allow its application for human bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7024285 TI - Immunohistological demonstration and physiochemical characterization of C3 receptors of normal and neoplastic lymphoid cells. AB - The in situ distribution of C3 receptor-positive cells was analyzed by immunoperoxidase staining of normal and malignant lymphoid tissue with an anti-C3 receptor serum (AC3RS). AC3RS immunostaining coincided well with the pattern found previously with the erythrocyte-antibody-complement complex (EAC) adherence technique. This indicates that AC3RS is a new tool for the detection of C3 receptors in situ. In addition, evidence is presented that the different results obtained in molecular weight analyses of human C3 receptor molecules may be due to different preparation procedures. When human tonsillar lymphocyte membrane fractions were solubilized, and then radioiodinated, subunits with apparent molecular weights of 38,000 and 18,000 could be precipitated from these lysates with AC3RS. When whole cells were tritiated and then solubilized, only one component with an apparent molecular weight of 200,000 could be isolated with AC3RS. PMID- 7024286 TI - Avulsion of the innominate vein during median sternotomy. AB - Two cases of disinsertion of the left innominate vein from the superior vena cava (S.V.C.) during primary median sternotomy have been encountered during the past 6 years. Methods of management consisting of either (1) ligation and division of the left innominate vein and patch angioplasty of the SVC injury, or (2) patch angioplasty of the disinsertion injury itself with preservation of the left innominate vein are presented. The rationale and possible complications of each method of treatment are discussed based on the anatomy and collateral circulation of the left innominate vein and other experiences with division of the left innominate vein. PMID- 7024287 TI - The International Cardiovascular Society. List of members. PMID- 7024288 TI - Effects of insulin and anchorage on hepatocytic protein metabolism and amino acid transport. AB - Insulin partially inhibits endogenous protein degradation in isolated hepatocytes. The inhibition seems to specifically affect the lysosomal pathway of degradation, since it is not additive to the effects of lysosome inhibitors such as propylamine and leupeptin. The insulin effect is potentiated by intermediate concentrations of amino acids, but is largely abolished at high amino acid concentrations which suppress degradation maximally, suggesting that the hormone may exert its effect indirectly by acting upon the more basal amino acid control mechanism. Glucagon, which stimulates protein degradation, similarly displays its effect only in the presence of intermediate amino acid concentrations. The insulin inhibition is not affected by the aminotransferase inhibitor, aminooxyacetate, indicating that it is not due to interference with amino acid metabolism. Protein synthesis furthermore does not seem to be required, since a significant insulin effect can be seen in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. The issue is, however, complicated by the fact that cycloheximide itself inhibits protein degradation to approximately the same extent as does insulin. Insulin stimulates uptake of the amino acid alpha aminoisobutyrate (AIB), but not the uptake of valine, indicating a specific stimulation of 'A'-type transport. Cycloheximide similarly stimulates AIB uptake, without completely obfuscating the transport effect of insulin. Neither protein synthesis, protein degradation, amino acid transport, nor the effects of insulin were affected by cell-to-substratum anchorage (attachment and spreading) in any detectable way. PMID- 7024289 TI - [Right subphrenic abscess and bronchial fistula from late trans-diaphragmatic migration of a postoperative abdominal foreign body.(author's transl)]. AB - Late trans-diaphragmatic migration of a postoperative abdominal foreign body followed a left hepatectomy for injury. Operative treatment, by means of the low posterior thoracic approach consisted of partial resection of the right inferior lobe with immediate closure of the diaphragm and subphrenic drainage. The natural history of the course taken by this abdominal foreign body is used as a basis for discussing diagnostic and therapeutic factors, particularly the surgical route of approach. PMID- 7024290 TI - [Surgery of posterior hemorrhagic ulcers of the duodenal bulb]. PMID- 7024291 TI - Quantitative selected ion monitoring (QSIM) of drugs and/or drug metabolites in biological matrices. AB - From a modest beginning, QSIM has established itself with over three hundred applications in the 1970s as not only a reference technique for other methods but also as a useful method in its own right for the quantitation of drugs in biological matrices. Relative to its potential sensitivity, the actual sensitivity of QSIM drug assays is disappointing, although a number of QSIM drug assays report LOQs of 250 pg ml-1 or less. The mean reported precision of QSIM drug assays (approximately 6%) is similar to that of traditional GC and LC assays, but is an order of magnitude less than either what is theoretically possible or what has been demonstrated in a few selected QSIM assays. PMID- 7024292 TI - Hen egg yolk as a source of antiviral antibodies in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): a comparison of two plant viruses. AB - A method of raising antibodies against plant viruses in hen egg yolk is described. Laying hens were immunized with citrus tristeza virus (CTV) or tobacco mosaic virus-avocado isolate (TMV-A). Anti-viral antibodies in the yolks of sequentially laid eggs as well as in the serum were titrated by the (heterologous) antiglobulin double antibody sandwich form of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (HADAS-ELISA). Antibodies first appeared in yolk 7 days after injection and peak levels were attained on day 9-11; these levels persisted for about 6-12 days. Non-specific yolk antibodies were removed by absorption with an extract of uninfected plant tissue. Using the HADAS-ELISA technique we found that yolk titres were equal to, or higher than those in serum. The benefits of using laying hens over conventional laboratory animals as a source of antiviral antibody are discussed. PMID- 7024293 TI - A comparison of indirect immunofluorescence and electron microscopy for the diagnosis of some haemorrhagic viruses in cell cultures. AB - Yellow fever, dengue (types 1, 2 and 4), Chikungunya, Rift Valley fever, Ebola, Marburg, and Lassa viruses were inoculated into susceptible cell cultures and daily investigated by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and electron microscopy (EM) with a view to achieve an early detection-identification of these agents. Compared to the other cell lines tested (Vero, BHK-21 and Aedes albopictus), CV-1 cells were found to be more sensitive. Viral antigens were detected by IFA from a few hours post inoculation (CHIK and RVF) to a maximum of 3 days (YF and EBO). For most of the viruses studied, the cytopathic effect (CPE) commenced 2-3 days after the detection of viral antigens. Virus particles were detected by EM only in the case of EBO, MBG and LAS, before any CPE was observed in cell cultures. PMID- 7024294 TI - An enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis B e-antigen and antibody. AB - A solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody (anti-HBe) was developed and compared with rheophoresis and radioimmunoassay (RIA). The enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) was similar to RIA in sensitivity and was approximately 1000-fold more sensitive than rheophoresis for HBeAg, and approximately 6000-fold more sensitive than rheophoresis for anti-HBe. PMID- 7024295 TI - Rapid and reliable identification of Staphylococcus aureus by a latex agglutination test. AB - A latex slide agglutination test detecting clumping factor and protein A simultaneously is recommended for rapid and reliable routine identification of Staphylococcus aureus. Strains (836) of staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens were examined, all S. aureus strains identified by conventional methods were correctly differentiated by the latex test, and no false-positive results occurred with other staphylococci. The reagent is easy to prepare since plasma is the coating material. PMID- 7024296 TI - Comparison of the automicrobic system with API, enterotube, micro-ID, micro-media systems, and conventional methods for identification of Enterobacteriaceae. AB - Identification of Enterobacteriaceae by the AutoMicrobic System Enterobacteriaceae Biochemical Card was evaluated. Recent clinical isolates of enteric gram-negative bacilli (192) and glucose nonfermenters (3) were identified by the AutoMicrobic System, Micro-Media Systems, Micro-ID, API, and Enterotube II in comparison with conventional methods. The AutoMicrobic System and Micro-Media Systems correctly identified 97% of the organisms tested. Micro-ID, API, and Enterotube II correctly identified 94, 92, and 84% of the organisms, respectively. In addition to a high degree of identification accuracy, the AutoMicrobic System was convenient to operate and produced identification results in 8 h. Operation of the AutoMicrobic System also required minimal personnel time because it automatically monitored and interpreted the biochemical reactions and reported organism identifications. The AutoMicrobic System appears to be an efficient and accurate system for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 7024297 TI - Inactivation of rabies diagnostic reagents by gamma radiation. AB - Treatment of CVS-11 rabies adsorbing suspensions and street rabies infected mouse brains with gamma radiation resulted in inactivated reagents that are safer to distribute and use. These irradiated reagents were as sensitive and reactive as the nonirradiated control reagents. PMID- 7024298 TI - Detection of circulating antigen in experimental Candida albicans endocarditis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - A double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the detection of circulating Candida albicans antigen during the course of experimental C. albicans endocarditis. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was positive in 75% of rabbits with polyethylene catheter-induced experimental aortic valve C. albicans endocarditis but was negative in all controls, including catheterized animals that received intravenous Candida or catheterized but uninfected animals, and in rabbits with experimental fungal or bacterial endocarditis of other etiologies. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was much more sensitive than blood culturing or fever determinations in experimental C. albicans endocarditis. This assay is more sensitive than currently available serological techniques, is highly specific, and deserves further study in the diagnosis of invasive, disseminated C. albicans infections, including endocarditis. PMID- 7024299 TI - Evaluation of the MS-2 system for rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae. AB - The precision, accuracy, and other performance characteristics of the MS-2 (Abbott Laboratories, Diagnostic Division, Dallas, Tex.) system for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae were evaluated in a collaborative study involving three clinical laboratories. When identifying 150 unknown, coded organisms, the MS-2 system was 97%, 98%, and 93% accurate, respectively, in three laboratories. The system showed an overall accuracy of 94% when compared with conventional manual tube methods in identifying 1,154 clinical isolates of 26 species of Enterobacteriaceae. Discrepancies between automated and conventional methods were chiefly caused by biochemical variants, especially among Enterobacter species. The MS-2 system was rapid and simple to operate and produced printed results of bacterial identification in 5 h. The cost of disposable components compared favorably with commercial, visually read systems for identifying Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 7024300 TI - Aberrant forms of Escherichia coli in blood cultures: in vitro reproduction of an in vivo observation. AB - Aberrant filamentous forms of Escherichia coli were observed on direct Gram stain of blood cultures from a patient being treated with the beta-lactam antibiotic cephalexin. After the institution of an alternative antibiotic regimen which included a different cell wall-active agent, E. coli of normal morphology was detected in blood cultures for an additional 48 h. Filamentous forms of E. coli could be reproduced reliably in vitro by incubating the organism in Mueller Hinton broth containing various concentrations of cephalexin. Both supra- and subinhibitory concentrations of cephalexin resulted in filament formation after 4 h of incubation, whereas 24 h of incubation yielded intact filaments at only a narrow range of subinhibitory concentrations of cephalexin. In vitro comparison of the ability of cephalexin, cephalothin, ampicillin, and gentamicin to cause filamentous forms of E. coli showed that cephalexin and cephalothin produced pure filament formation after 4 h of incubation at subinhibitory concentrations of as low as one-fourth the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic. Ampicillin was not associated with pure filament formation at concentrations below the minimum inhibitory concentration, and gentamicin produced no filaments at any concentration. The effect of preincubation of E. coli with subinhibitory concentrations of cephalexin on subsequent minimum inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin was examined in an effort to develop an explanation for the persistent sepsis exhibited by the patient. No diminution of the activity of ampicillin by preincubation with cephalexin could be demonstrated. Other possible clinical implications of filamentous forms of gram-negative bacilli are discussed. PMID- 7024301 TI - Comparison of two different enzyme immunoassays for detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Two enzyme immunoassays for the detection in immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus were compared, employing a solid phase coated either with antigen or with mu-chain-specific antiserum to human IgM. The latter IgM-capturing assay system proved to be more sensitive, and its superiority was especially prominent when high titers of tick-borne encephalitis virus-specific IgG antibodies in addition to specific IgM antibodies were present in the sample. The application of this test is a valuable extension of the diagnostic tools for the rapid diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis by IgM detection. Since specific IgG does not interfere, diagnosis can be readily established when patients have already developed high titers of IgG antibodies relatively late after the onset of the disease. PMID- 7024302 TI - Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for acute measles with hemagglutination inhibition complement fixation, and fluorescent-antibody methods. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using commercially available reagents was compared with standard serological tests for determination of antibody titers in patients with acute measles. The measles-specific ELISA was as sensitive as complement fixation, hemagglutination inhibition, and indirect fluorescent-antibody methods. The ELISA method used was simple, sensitive, inexpensive, and reproducible and may conveniently be used in a small clinical laboratory. PMID- 7024304 TI - Rapid presumptive identification of Citrobacter diversus as an aid in controlling infections. AB - During an outbreak of neonatal meningitis caused by kanamycin-resistant Citrobacter diversus, a field procedure for presumptive identification of the organism was evaluated, and using it resulted in the early recognition of patients colonized by the epidemic strain of C. diversus. Rectal and nasopharyngeal specimens were plated and incubated on MacConkey agar containing 10 micrograms of kanamycin per ml. After 18 h of incubation, lactose nonfermenting colonies present on the selective medium were picked and identified 8 h later with the following biochemical tests: indole, adonitol, dulcitol, citrate, and triple sugar iron agar. This presumptive identification of C. diversus was later confirmed for all cases by conventional testing with a complete set of biochemicals. In 1 week, 253 specimens from patients were processed with this technique, and 49 strains of C. diversus were identified. The rapid identification of C. diversus and transfer of carriers into appropriate cohorts resulted in a 64% reduction in the prevalence of colonization. PMID- 7024303 TI - Nosocomial transmission of Serratia marcescens in a veterinary hospital due to contamination by benzalkonium chloride. AB - During a 1-year period, Serratia marcescens was isolated from 50% of all contaminate intravenous catheters from dogs and cats in a large veterinary hospital. S. marcescens was also isolated from respiratory tracts, genitourinary tracts, skin, and other sites in hospitalized animals. A total of 55% of the clinical isolates and 66% of the intravenous catheter isolates had the same API biochemical profile. The source of the S. marcescens was determined to be aqueous benzalkonium chloride (0.025%) sponge pots located in the intensive care unit, surgery rooms, and outpatient clinic areas of the hospital. Of the 11 S. marcescens isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease Control for serotyping (6 from aqueous benzalkonium chloride sponge pots, 5 from intravenous catheters), 8 were identified as serotype O10:H11. All S. marcescens isolates tested for antibiotic susceptibilities were multiply resistant; isolates were most frequently resistant to streptomycin, cephalothin, and ampicillin. This study demonstrates that improper use of disinfectants plays an important role in the nosocomial transmission of S. marcescens. PMID- 7024305 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibody to the hepatitis B surface antigen-associated delta antigen. AB - A blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for specific detection of antibody to the hepatitis B surface antigen-associated delta antigen. The sensitivity of ELISA was intermediate between that of previously described immunofluorescence and radioimmunological assays for anti-delta. Performance of ELISA was simple and required only ordinary and inexpensive laboratory equipment. PMID- 7024306 TI - Rate of arabinitol production by pathogenic yeast species. AB - D-Arabinitol is a five-carbon polyol that is produced by many fungi. Detection of the metabolite has been reported in serum from patients with invasive candidiasis. We studied the production and assimilation of arabinitol by 46 clinical isolates of yeast species. Cultures of isolates of Candida albicans (9 strains), Candida tropicalis (12 strains), Candida parapsilosis (13 strains), Candida krusei (4 strains), Candida pseudotropicalis (3 strains), Torulopsis glabrata (3 strains), and Cryptococcus neoformans (2 strains) were assayed by gas liquid chromatography. Yeast cells were cultured at 34 degrees C in yeast nitrogen base with 3.0 g of glucose per liter. At 1.5- to 3-h intervals, cells were counted and glucose and arabinitol were measured in media filtrates. The levels of arabinitol in cultures with 7.5 X 10(6) yeast cells per ml were compared. The mean concentrations of the metabolite in C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. pseudotropicalis cultures wee 14.1, 1.6, 8.4, and 5.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. No arabinitol was detected in cultures of C. krusei, T. glabrata, or C. neoformans. PMID- 7024308 TI - Four from '44: the Winslow editorials. PMID- 7024307 TI - Comparison of methods for identifying Staphylococcus and Micrococcus spp. AB - Three methods employed to distinguish staphylococci from micrococci were compared, using clinical and environmental strains. When these methods are used, misinterpretation of results, as well as erratic results, may occur, and suggestions for eliminating these problems are provided. The most sensitive test that combines ease of use and speed in obtaining results for distinguishing the two genera is the lysostaphin susceptibility test. Two other tests, facultatively anaerobic growth in semisolid thioglycolate agar and fermentation of dextrose, may also be used to distinguish these two genera, but results are often slow in developing, are subject to technical difficulties, and may lead to incorrect assignment of certain species of staphylococci and micrococci to their proper genera. PMID- 7024309 TI - In the spirit of C.-E. A. Winslow. PMID- 7024310 TI - Black lung. PMID- 7024311 TI - Cellular immune responses to extracellular streptococcal products in rheumatic heart disease. AB - The lymphocyte transformation responses to purified preparations of two extracellular products of group A streptococci (blastogen A and nuclease B), to phytohemagglutinin, and to Candida albicans antigen were measured in tonsillar and peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and suitably matched nonrheumatic (control) subjects. The mean phytohemagglutinin dose responses of tonsillar and peripheral lymphocytes from RHD patients were essentially indistinguishable from those of controls. In contrast, the responses of tonsillar and peripheral blood lymphocytes to the two extracellular products of group A streptococci were significantly lower in RHD patients than in nonrheumatic control subjects. Candida antigen produced very little stimulation of lymphocytes in any of the subjects. The geometric means of antibody levels against streptolysin O, nuclease B, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidase showed no consistent differences between the control group and the group of RHD subjects. Group A streptococci were isolated from the tonsils of approximately 25% of both groups of subjects. The RHD patients clearly had a depressed cellular immune response to the two purified streptococcal extracellular antigens. The equal frequency in recovery of group A streptococci from tonsils and the absence of consistent difference in titers of humoral antibodies to streptococcal extracellular antigens, particularly nuclease B, suggest that this differential response is not due to a lower level of stimulation by repeated exposure to group A streptococcal products. PMID- 7024312 TI - Behavioral approaches to smoking cessation--II. Topical bibliography 1969-1979. AB - This topical bibliography covers that past decade of research into behavioral approaches to smoking cessation. Using multiple sources, including Psychological Abstracts, 335 reference were compiled from over 50 psychology, medicine, and related behavioral science journals. All references were comprehensively coded for each of 28 topical area of interest to behavioral researchers and clinicians. Topics include specific behavioral smoking cessation techniques (e.g. aversive smoking, relaxation techniques, stimulus control), treatment problems (e.g. maintenance problems and procedures, physiological correlates of smoking behavior, therapist and treatment factors influencing outcome). An index defining each topical and listing by number all articles related to each topic is included with the bibliography (Tables 1 and 2). With this index, users with specialized interests can quickly locate all citations concerning a particular topic or combination of topics. The preceding article (Orleans et al., 1981) gives guidelines for expanding this bibliography for personal reference use. PMID- 7024313 TI - Examination of products of conception from previable human pregnancies. AB - The incidence, aetiology, and mechanisms of spontaneous abortion are outlined. A simplified classification of products of conception specifically orientated for routine histopathological laboratories rather than research centres is presented. Its introduction should not in itself greatly increase the work load of a service laboratory already examining such material. Specific practical problems are discussed and these are related to the clinical situation. The importance is emphasised of proper examination of tissues from pregnancies aborting after diagnostic amniocentesis, as well as those from therapeutic terminations performed for fetal abnormality or disease. Special techniques are suggested for processing suspected procured abortions. Finally the value is stressed of routine examination of spontaneously aborted material in the current and future management of the patient, in the furtherance of our knowledge of fetal diseases and of some of the major contributory factors to perinatal morbidity and mortality. PMID- 7024314 TI - Immunoperoxidase staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, human renal biopsies with a comparison of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) and indirect methods. AB - The results of immunoperoxidase staining of 33 routinely processed renal biopsies correlated with the results of direct immunofluorescence in 79% of tests performed. Most of the discrepant results were due to positive immunoperoxidase staining, possibly reflecting greater sensitivity of the method. A comparison of two immunoperoxidase methods showed that the indirect method produced less intense staining than the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method when equivalent primary antibody titres were used. Lowering the primary antibody titres for the indirect technique resulted in equivalent staining by the two methods. Predigestion by protease VII effectively revealed the antigens under study without causing tissue damage or section loss. PMID- 7024315 TI - Signet ring cell lymphoma: a rare variant of follicular lymphoma. AB - A case of signet ring cell lymphoma, the eighth in published reports is recorded. This rare tumour is a variant of follicular lymphoma which may be mistaken for metastatic carcinoma. The case has been studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy and confirms that this sub-group has rather uniform characteristics. Observations on the possible origins of the vacuoles are presented. PMID- 7024316 TI - Isolation of actinomycetes from cervical specimens. AB - Cervical smears from 30 women were examined. Fifteen of these had actinomycetes visible by direct smear examination and the organisms were isolated in 13. Of the remainder, all had negative smears and culture was similarly negative in 12, whilst in 3, the cultures were either positive (1) or suspicious (2). PMID- 7024317 TI - Rapid identification of Corynebacterium vaginale in non-purulent vaginitis. AB - A simple set of tests is proposed to give excellent probability for the identification of Corynebacterium vaginale from clinical material. Using these tests, 380 C vaginale were isolated from genital tract specimens from 1402 patients. Of these isolates 70 were from symptomatic patients. These 70 isolates were subjected to a further set of tests to confirm their identity. The advantage of these primary tests is that they can be completed on the day of isolation of the organism. Of these 70 isolates 66 were confirmed as C vaginale thus giving the primary set of tests a 94% rate of accurate identification. However this rate may be increased beyond 97% by the promotion of one of the key secondary tests to the primary set. PMID- 7024318 TI - Group B streptococci--gastrointestinal organisms? AB - Matched perianal swabs, rectal swabs, and faecal samples from a group of male homosexual patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted disease were examined for the presence of group B streptococci (GBS). GBS recovery rates were as follows: perianal skin 31/115 (27%), rectal mucosa 18/72 (25%) and faeces 7/115 (6%). The recovery of GBS from faeces was similar to that obtained from faecal samples sent to the laboratory for routine investigation (5%). Although there was no difference in GBS recovery rates from rectal and perianal swabs, the latter did show heavier colonisation. These results suggest that gastrointestinal GBS carriage is mainly limited to the rectum and anal canal and that this may represent contamination from perianal skin. PMID- 7024319 TI - Evaluation of ten commercial blood culture systems to isolate a pyridoxal dependent streptococcus. AB - This study evaluated the ability of ten commercial blood cultures to support the growth of a nutritional variant Streptococcus mitior (pyridoxal-dependent). The abilities of two established and two new agar formulations are also reported. The dependable isolation of a fastidious streptococcus can best be obtained with fastidious anaerobe broth (FAB) (Lab M Ltd, Ford Lane, Salford) for blood cultures in conjunction with one of the new media. FAB agar with the addition of heated blood was found to support the growth of pyridoxal-dependent Strep mitior and other fastidious organisms. PMID- 7024320 TI - Use of monoclonal antihapten antibodies for immunolocalisation of tissue antigens. AB - The applicability of a hapten-antihapten sandwich technique incorporating a monoclonal antihapten bridge antibody to localisation of tissue antigen is described. The results show that the method is both versatile and selective and has the potential of being even more sensitive than currently used immunoperoxidase methods. PMID- 7024321 TI - Routine preparation of seminal fluid specimens for transmission electron microscopy. AB - A technique is described for the routine preparation of seminal fluid specimens for transmission electron microscopy. The method is applicable to cases where examination of sperm morphology is required and can also be used for the indentification of non-spermatozoal cells and their inclusions. PMID- 7024322 TI - Intra- and extracellular alpha 1-antitrypsin in liver disease with special reference to Pi phenotype. AB - In order to study the relation between intra- and extrahepatocellular alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) concentrations in patients with various Pi phenotypes, a prospective series of needle liver biopsies was stained with both periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and a specific immunoperoxidase technique to demonstrate intracellular alpha 1-AT. Concomitant blood samples from all patients were analysed for alpha 1-AT. Pi phenotypes were determined by isoelectric focusing. Non-globular intrahepatocellular alpha 1-AT can be seen in biopsies from Pi M patients with increased plasma alpha 1-AT concentrations and active liver disease. No evidence was found in this study of 250 patients (including 22 controls) for predisposition toward liver disease in any phenotypic group. PAS or immunoperoxidase staining (or both) for alpha 1-AT demonstrated characteristic globular inclusions in 11 of 15 cases having the Z allele, one case being diffusely positive and three negative. Biopsies from 3 of 207 patients with liver disease and lacking the Z allele had globular inclusions seen with both PAS and immunoperoxidase techniques. alpha 1-AT globules in absence of the Z allele are most often found in elderly patients with severe disease and high plasma alpha 1 AT concentrations. PMID- 7024323 TI - Double-stranded DNA antibodies: a comparison of four methods of detection. AB - Thirty-four antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera were tested for antibodies to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) simultaneously using Farr, haemagglutination, Crithidia luciliae (CL) kinetoplast fluorescence and human metaphase chromosome fluorescence assays. Significant correlation (p less than 0 x 05) was found between the Farr and CL assays, with the two fluorescence tests (CL and metaphase) displaying the greatest degree of association (p = 0 x 00001). No correlation could be demonstrated between the haemagglutination test and any of the other three assays. Six hundred and ninety one sera from patients with a range of provisional rheumatological diagnoses were prospectively analysed for dsDNA antibodies using Farr and metaphase assays. A correlation coefficient of 0 x 84 was obtained between the two assays. The metaphase assay provides comparable results to other more established assays, and because it is simple, reliable and sensitive, it should be seriously considered for routine use in testing for dsDNA antibodies. PMID- 7024324 TI - Disseminated herpes simplex virus infection with hepatitis in an adult renal transplant recipient. AB - A rare occurrence of disseminated herpes simplex virus infection with hepatitis in an adult renal transplant recipient is described. PMID- 7024325 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica: its isolation by cold enrichment from patients and healthy subjects. AB - Routine culture and cold enrichment were compared in a prospective study on the isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from patients with intestinal disease. Healthy controls were examined with the cold enrichment method only. Y enterocolitica was isolated from 5.9% of 1635 patient stools, 3.4% of 206 appendices, and 4.0% of 555 control stools. Serotypes 0:3 and 0:9 were eight times more prevalent in patients than in controls. Other serotypes were twice as prevalent in controls than in patients. Cold enrichment did not significantly increase the recovery of serotypes 0:3 and 0:9 in acute enteritis, but it was responsible for all isolates of the other serotypes. Evidence is presented that the other serotypes are not pathogenic. In patient stools, Y enterocolitica was demonstrated less frequently than Salmonella (9.1%), and more often than Campylobacter jejuni (1.8%) and Shigella (0.1%). PMID- 7024326 TI - External quality assessment of clinical laboratories in the United Kingdom. AB - A review is given of the National External Quality Assessment Schemes (NEQASs) in various pathology disciplines in the United Kingdom, with a discussion of the relative roles of the DHSS, individual laboratory scientists, and the relevant professional bodies. Principles of operation and scientific problems in the design of NEQASs in different disciplines are described and contrasted, and some comparisons with the experience in other European countries and the USA are drawn. PMID- 7024327 TI - Serum acid phosphatase activities in patients with lung cancer: a biochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of 25 cases. AB - A series of 25 cases of lung cancer are presented in which total (TAcP) and nonprostatic serum acid phosphatase (NPAcP) activities were measured. Of these cases, 36% had raised TAcP and NPAcP activities in their serum. However, the serum activities of TAcP and NPAcP did not correlate with either the presence of lung cancer nor with the morphological tumour type. This fact indicates that, despite isolated reports of raised serum acid phosphatase activities in cases of lung cancer, acid phosphatase is of no value as a marker for lung cancer. We sought alternative explanations for the raised TAcP and NPAcP activities observed in our series in the hope that this enzyme might prove useful as a marker for early metastatic disease in lung cancer patients. This possibility is not substantiated, and the findings are analyzed and discussed. It is tentatively suggested that raised NPAcP activities in patients with lung cancer may relate to haemostasis. PMID- 7024328 TI - The specificity of the extraction fluorescence assay for serum or plasma quinidine. AB - A series of 26 randomly selected serum samples from patients receiving long-term antiarrhythmic therapy with oral quinidine preparation were assayed by both a modification of the extraction fluorescence technique and high-pressure liquid chromatography, with highly comparable results (r = 0.98). A review of the literature on comparing the extraction fluorescence technique's results with other methods indicates a high degree of agreement. However, because variations from study to study exist, investigators using the extraction fluorescence technique should assess the specificity of the method in their own laboratory. PMID- 7024329 TI - Distribution of methionine-enkephalin immunoreactivity in the chick brain: an immunohistochemical study. AB - The distribution of Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the brains of 2-week old domestic chicks was studied with immunohistofluorescence and the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, using antibodies to Met-enkephalin generated in rabbits. Immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon in areas as yet uncharacterized as discrete nuclei in birds (E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4, E-5); further cells were located in the diencephalic nucleus spiriformis lateralis, the midbrain medial intercollicular nucleus (E-6), the nucleus mesencephalicus lateralis, pars dorsalis, the Edinger Westphal nucleus and dorsal occulomotor nucleus; and in the nucleus of cranial nerve X and an uncharacterized area in the dorsolateral medulla (E-7). Immunoreactive fibers and/or terminals were located around the immunoreactive cell bodies and, in addition in the lateral septal area of the telencephalon; in the preoptic and hypothalamic areas of the diencephalon; in the anterior intercollicular area, periaqueductal central gray, area C, and the midventral tegmentum of the mesencephalon; in the nucleus solitarius, nucleus IX-X, nucleus intercalatus, nucleus intermedius, and ventrolateral areas of the rhombencephalon. The pattern of distribution of met-enkephalin in the chick is compared with that in the rat. A possible functional role for Met-enkephalin in neural mechanisms mediating some behaviors of the chick is suggested. PMID- 7024330 TI - Glial fibrillary acidic protein in the optic nerve of the developing albino rat: an immunoperoxidase study of paraffin-embedded tissue. AB - The unlabeled peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method was used to stain glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein in the optic nerve of the developing albino rat. Optic nerves from animals ranging in age from the day of birth to adulthood were embedded in paraffin following fixation with various agents for times ranging from 30 minutes to 48 hours. GFA protein activity was demonstrable at birth in large astrocytic processes following fixation with alcohols or with Perfix for short intervals, but not with 4% or 2% buffered paraformaldehyde solutions. With increasing age, GFA protein could be demonstrated using higher aldehyde concentrations, longer fixation times, and longer paraffin embedding schedules. At all ages GFA protein activity was greater following treatment with nonaldehyde fixatives rather than those containing formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde. At birth the majority of GFA protein-containing processes were confined to planes which were perpendicular to the axons of the optic nerve. With increasing age, tangential and longitudinal processes became more numerous until, in the mature optic nerve, astrocytic processes were best characterized as being multidirectional. PMID- 7024331 TI - The distribution and significance of border disease viral antigen in infected lambs and foetuses. PMID- 7024332 TI - Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectin-induced lesions in rat small intestine: 2. Microbiological studies. PMID- 7024333 TI - Dermatitis herpetiformis. PMID- 7024334 TI - Rudolf L. Baer, M.D. PMID- 7024335 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: a heterogeneous disease. AB - The question of whether epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a distinct entity prompted a review of the Mayo Clinic experience. Twelve patients with this diagnosis were seen from 1955 through 1979, and their records were reviewed. Particular attention was directed to immunofluorescence microscopy (IF), which had been performed in seven patients. Direct IF was positive in seven patients, and indirect IF was positive in four patients. Although many cases of EBA may remain distinct, we believe that the morphologic appearance known as EBA may represent a final common pathway of disease expression in a heterogeneous group of patients with a variety of more specific diseases and that trauma serves as a localizing factor. Our findings indicate that cicatricial pemphigoid probably is the most common specific diagnosis but that all cases of EBA are not represented by this diagnosis. Furthermore, we conclude that when IF is performed, exclusion of other bullous diseases, which is a key criterion for the diagnosis of EBA, is more difficult than previously recognized. PMID- 7024336 TI - Pemphigoid nodularis. AB - We here report the unusual occurrence of bullous pemphigoid mimicking prurigo nodularis in a 59-year-old woman. Direct immunofluorescence studies of a nodular lesion revealed linear deposition of IgG and C3 at the epidermal basement membrane zone (EBMZ). Indirect immunofluorescence studies of serum revealed IgG pemphigoid antibasement membrane zone antibodies in 1:1,280 titer. This entity can be distinguished from other bullous pemphigoid variants. PMID- 7024337 TI - Urticarial vasculitis: an updated review. AB - Urticaria and vasculitis are two different reaction patterns in the skin. Both are caused by a wide variety of substances involving different pathogenic mechanisms. Recently isolated cases of "urticarial vasculitis" have been reported. These cases involve patients who present with a clinical picture of urticaria which, by skin biopsy, shows necrotizing vasculitis. The probable underlying pathogenic mechanism in this condition is one of immune complex deposition. This review will analyze the clinical, laboratory, and immunopathologic features of these patients and then will develop an overall concept of what constitutes "urticarial vasculitis." PMID- 7024338 TI - Measuring melanomas--a tribute to Alexander Breslow. PMID- 7024339 TI - Studies in cutaneous immunofluorescence. II. Histological and direct immunofluorescence observations in clinically normal skin of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Twenty patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had a biopsy taken from clinically normal skin. These were examined for histological and immunological abnormalities and were compared to those of 8 patients with osteoarthritis (OA). No 'lupus band; linear deposition of immunoglobulin or complement at the dermo-epidermal interface was seen in any patient in either group. Perivascular deposits were seen in 5 out of 20 (25%) patients with RA. These were IgM in all 5 cases with additional C3 in 2 cases (10%) and additional fibrin in one case (5%). No immunoprotein deposits were seen in specimens from any OA patient. 4 of the 5 patients with perivascular immunoprotein deposits had circulating ANAs present and dilutions of 1/256 or higher but normal DNA binding. A sparse perivascular, predominantly lymphocytic infiltrate was seen in 13 out of 20 (65%) patients with RA and 3 of 8 (35%) patients with OA. PMID- 7024340 TI - Endotoxin induced migration of leukocytes from blood to milk. AB - Guinea pigs were separated from young on days 5 to 7 of lactation. They were anesthetized with ether and were infused intramammary via the teat canal with either sterile saline (.5 ml) or Escherichia coli endotoxin (026:B6:500 microgram/.5 ml). Each animal served as its own control by having sterile saline in one gland and endotoxin in the other. Animals were sacrificed 4, 6, 8, and 12 h later to determine the time of maximum migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from blood to milk. A control group of animals having had no intramammary infusion was sacrificed. Tissues were prepared for observation by light and electron microscopy. Five fields per slide, five slides per animal, and three animals per period were examined by light microscopy, and numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes per field were categorized for presence a) in the capillary, b) in interstitial space, c) touching the basal lamina, d) between epithelial cells of an alveolus, and e) in the lumen of an alveolus. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were in small numbers in the lumen by 4 h and peaked at about 8 h after intramammary infusion of endotoxin. By 12 h numbers had decreased from 8 h. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were observed by electron microscopy in the intercellular spaces of the alveolar epithelium. A time sequence model using the guinea pig to study mechanisms of leukocyte migration into milk based upon tissue studies may be used in research aimed at controlling mastitis. PMID- 7024341 TI - California Mastitis test guide of selective dry cow therapy. AB - California Mastitis Test scores and bacteriological analysis of quarter foremilk samples from 133 cows of three herds were used to determine which quarters or cows to treat in a selective dry cow therapy program. Effect of score, week of the test, and type and number of intramammary infections were examined. Score was independent of the type of intramammary pathogen infection. When all positive reactions were considered, approximately 80% of the infections by major pathogens were diagnosed on a single milk sample taken at either 8 or 4 wk before drying off. At 8 and 4 wk, 13 and 23% of samples from uninfected quarters or quarters infected with minor pathogens had positive reactions. Selective treatment of all cows that had one or more positive quarters led to treatment of twice as many quarters than if only positive quarters were treated. The most discriminating, simplest, and economic method of selective treatment was one test on quarter foremilk samples collected 8 wk before the expected dry-off and dry treatment of all positive mammary quarters. PMID- 7024342 TI - Energy metabolism of dairy cattle. AB - Energy metabolism research during the past 25 yr has resolved many uncertainties of energy use by lactating cows. Use of metabolizable energy for milk production essentially is unaffected by milk yield but is slightly influenced by its source. Estimates of efficiency of use for milk production (60 to 64%) are lower than earlier estimates (69 to 70%) primarily because of lower maintenance costs. Efficiency of metabolizable energy for body gain is higher in lactating (75%) than nonlactating (60%) cows. Use of body tissue energy for milk production is about 82% efficient. End products of digestion contribute to variation in efficiency of fattening and in partition of energy between milk and body gain in the lactating animal. Energy use in the growing animal is influenced by composition of tissue gained and composition of the diet. Energetic efficiency of protein deposition is apparently much lower than that of fat deposition. A substantial part of the lower efficiency of protein deposition is related to energy costs of protein turnover. Incomplete digestion of mixed diets at high intake by lactating cows and methods to predict energy partition are serious practical problems. In the short term, improved methods to predict intake effects on metabolizable energy of mixed diets will increase accuracy of diet formulations. In the longer term, methods to predict quantities of nutrients absorbed from the gut will permit a more flexible and accurate method of evaluating diets and predicting animal performance. PMID- 7024343 TI - Nature of hunger and satiety control systems in ruminants. PMID- 7024344 TI - Microbial rumen fermentation. PMID- 7024345 TI - Protein and nonprotein nitrogen utilization in dairy cattle. PMID- 7024346 TI - Mineral and vitamin nutrition of dairy cattle. PMID- 7024347 TI - The periparturient cow--a pivotal entity in dairy production. PMID- 7024348 TI - Elements of mastitis control. PMID- 7024349 TI - Common metabolic diseases of cattle: ketosis, milk fever, grass tetany, and downer cow complex. PMID- 7024350 TI - Toxicology and the dairy industry: will problems outrun solutions? PMID- 7024351 TI - The American Dairy Science Association: the third twenty-five years, 1957--1981. PMID- 7024352 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome: a review. PMID- 7024353 TI - Calcium-hydroxide pulpotomy: report of a case observed for nineteen years. PMID- 7024354 TI - Severe maxillary arch constriction in a patient with Marfan's syndrome: report of case. PMID- 7024355 TI - Dental materials: 1979 literature review. Part I. PMID- 7024356 TI - Cement distribution during post cementation. PMID- 7024357 TI - Prilocaine -- an investigation into its use in the presence of inflammation and in combination with lignocaine. PMID- 7024358 TI - The survival of Candida albicans experimentally inoculated into the mouths of healthy human subjects. PMID- 7024359 TI - Forming of cast precious metal alloys. AB - It has proven possible to express the true stress-true strain behavior of dental casting alloys by means of a general equation with empirically determined constants. It was also found that the appropriate strain hardening equation for the precious alloys used in this investigation was an exponential function. Integration of the equations, using individually determined constants, made it possible to calculate the work necessary to plastically deform the alloys to a final true strain of 0.05 or any other realistic value. Comparisons of the ease of forming the alloys investigated here showed that this technique yields results similar to those encountered in clinical experience. PMID- 7024360 TI - Calcifiability comparison among selected microorganisms. AB - Seven ATCC strains of bacteria were examined for apatite formation in a chemically-defined calcification-supporting medium and also in a metastable calcium phosphate solution. One, E. coli, calcified in both. One, S. aureus, calcified in the solution, but not in the medium. The other five did not calcify in either. The results substantiate the belief that calcification is restricted to certain microorganisms. However, they do not rule out the possibility that a noncalcifiable microorganism has the potential to calcify, and the activity is prevented by a cell component. Additionally, the findings emphasize that determining microbiologic calcifiability only in a calcification-supporting culture medium is inadequate. In culture, an efficient calcium pump might preclude calcification by establishing a cytoplasmic calcium level too low for nucleation activation. Calcifiability assays should be done by incubating minimally-metabolizing freeze-dried cells in metastable calcium phosphate solution. PMID- 7024361 TI - Identification of phospholipids and neutral lipids in human gingival fluid. PMID- 7024362 TI - The history and development of United States dental education. PMID- 7024363 TI - The impact of federal legislation and declining financial resources on dental education. PMID- 7024364 TI - Application of basic and medical sciences in the dental curriculum. PMID- 7024365 TI - The history and current status of curriculum length in United States dental schools. PMID- 7024366 TI - Dental school capitation - an historical perspective. AB - The Health Professions Capitation Grant program was in existence for nine years. At its inception the capitation grant program was intended principally to be an incentive program for various health professions schools, dental schools among them, to increase the output of manpower. In recent years, the program had changed its emphasis for dental schools to curricular modifications designed to improve the geographic and specialty distribution of dental graduates. All the same time the appropriations for the program had steadily declined since 1972. These developments and the legislative actions that led to the termination of the capitation program are reviewed. PMID- 7024367 TI - Designing and dressing of skin grafts by means of patterns on sponges of polyurethane. PMID- 7024368 TI - Stamps commemorating medicine. "American Red Cross". PMID- 7024369 TI - Grafts on upper eyelids. PMID- 7024370 TI - Toward less painful anesthesia: water, saline, and lidocaine. PMID- 7024371 TI - Cognitive and emotional components of anxiety: literature review and a revised worry-emotionality scale. PMID- 7024372 TI - Immunopathological study on perilesional pemphigus skin -a comparative study of light and electron microscopic localization of in vivo bound IgG and C3-. PMID- 7024373 TI - Ultrastructure of cutaneous lesions in lupus erythematosus: a comparison between the cutaneous and systemic types. (1) The basal lamina at the dermal-epidermal junction. PMID- 7024374 TI - Fibroblasts and immune complexes. 1. Phagocytosis of in vitro-prepared insoluble immune complexes by cultured human fibroblasts. PMID- 7024375 TI - Fibroblasts and immune complexes. 2. Increase in lysosomal enzymes in fibroblasts following incubation with in vitro-prepared immune complexes. PMID- 7024376 TI - Staphylococci isolated from pyodermas and their sensitivities to antibiotics. PMID- 7024377 TI - Coagulase types of coagulase-positive staphylococci from bacterial skin infections. PMID- 7024378 TI - Urticaria pigmentosa in patients closely related by birth. PMID- 7024379 TI - Ultrastructure of so-called angioblastoma of the skin before and after soft X-ray therapy. PMID- 7024380 TI - The cutaneous type of Munchausen syndrome: a puzzling and perplexing condition to doctors. PMID- 7024381 TI - [Habituation and its possible mechanisms]. PMID- 7024382 TI - Hyperventilation in the management of cerebral oedema. PMID- 7024383 TI - Can postoperative continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) prevent pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery? AB - Twenty-four patients underwent elective cholecystectomy. They were randomized into two groups, one consisting of 13 patients having CPAP* by face-mask for 4 h after surgery and the other, consisting of 11 patients serving as control. The patients were all given intravenous anesthesia and were manually ventilated during anesthesia without using PEEP. The groups were comparable as concerns sex, age, weight, smoking-habits, preoperative pulmonary status, type of surgery and anesthesia-time. The study showed that both groups had a reduction in VC and PaO2 and a high percentage of them developed chest X-ray changes. In none of the variables mentioned was there any significant difference between the groups after surgery. Hypoxemia after abdominal surgery can thus not be prevented by only using CPAP for 4 h postoperatively. PMID- 7024384 TI - The use of biofeedback techniques with school-aged children exhibiting behavioral and/or learning problems. AB - This article reviews 44 studies that investigated the efficacy of biofeedback techniques in treating childhood behavioral and learning disorders. Although the data suggest that children can learn voluntary control over a variety of physiological processes, methodological flaws make it impossible to specify the mechanisms responsible for such learning. Further, the data do not suggest that biofeedback techniques are superior to more conventional treatments in remediating learning or behavioral disorders. Suggestions for future research focus upon the elimination of methodological weaknesses, the use of more stringent diagnostic criteria, and the use of more sophisticated biofeedback equipment and procedures. PMID- 7024385 TI - Surface mechanical properties of stone, resin, and metal dies. AB - Two improved stone die materials (Duroc and Silky Rock) used with water and with a hardener, one resin die material with dispersed metal powder (Die-Met), and copper and silver electroplated metal die materials were evaluated for surface mechanical properties. The improved stone dies had the highest surface roughness, intermediate surface hardness and the highest loss of material in two-body abrasion. The use of a hardener decreased the surface roughness, but did not improve abrasion resistance. The improved stone dies, with or without hardener, showed brittle failure in single-pass sliding at low normal loads. The resin dies had the lowest hardness. The unfilled resin die had low surface roughness and was similar to metal dies. The resin-metal die had a surface roughness similar to the improved stone dies. The presence of dispersed metal powder in the resin did not increase the hardness. Both resin die materials had intermediate values of material loss in two-body abrasion and showing tensile cracking and loss had intermediate values of material loss in two-body abrasion and showed tensile cracking and loss of material on single-pass sliding at medium normal loads. The metal dies had the highest hardness and the least surface roughness. They also had the lowest material loss in two-body abrasion. The metal dies showed ductile behavior in single-pass sliding. PMID- 7024386 TI - The presidents. John Deans Patterson, 1892-1894. PMID- 7024387 TI - Formaldehyde in dentistry: a review of mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. AB - For many years there has been controversy over the value of antimicrobial drugs for intracanal dressings in endodontics. Formocresol, a formaldehyde compound, has evolved as the preferred drug for routine endodontic procedures, as well as pediatric endodontics. The increase in the use of formaldehyde has been complicated by the introduction of paraformaldehyde pastes for filling root canals. Neither of these formulas has ever been standardized. The doses are arbitrary, and the common dose of formocresol has been shown to be many times greater than the minimum dose needed for effect. The efficacy of paraformaldehyde pastes is questionable and remains clouded by inconclusive evidence, conflicting research, inadequate terminology, and a lack of convincing statistical evidence. The clinical use and delivery of formocresol and paraformaldehyde pastes remain arbitrary and unscientific. Formaldehyde has a known toxic mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. Many investigations have been conducted to measure the risk of exposure to formaldehyde; it is clear that formaldehyde poses a carcinogenic risk in humans. There is a need to reevaluate the rationale underlying the use of formaldehyde in dentistry particularly in light of its deleterious effects. PMID- 7024388 TI - Part II. Diagnostic outcomes of optometric referrals in a VA medical center. AB - In a previous study, the authors examined the medical records of patients seen in the optometry clinic of the Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center (BVAMC) who were referred to other providers within the BVAMC for diagnosis and/or treatment of health problems outside the scope of optometric clinical privileges. The present study examined an equivalent number of medical records of patients who had been examined in the optometry clinic but were not referred to other health care providers within the BVAMC. By utilizing retrospective clinical judgment, the authors found that 3 of 266 patients (1.13 degrees) that were not referred probably should have been. None of the 3 patients had potentially sight or life threatening disorders. An algorithm for the methodology and case reports of the 3 patients are presented. PMID- 7024389 TI - Countercurrent chromatography. AB - Countercurrent chromatography is a newly developed versatile partition chromatography which totally eliminates the use of solid supports. The method utilizes the intriguing hydrodynamic behavior of two immiscible solvents in a rotating coiled tube. Various types of seal-free flow-through centrifuge schemes are introduced to facilitate a continuous elution process. The method yields high partition efficiencies comparable to liquid chromatography but without the complications arising from the use of solid supports. Countercurrent chromatography covers a wide spectrum of applicable samples ranging from small ions and molecules to macromolecules and even cell particles in both analytical and preparative scales. PMID- 7024390 TI - Early and late contributions to our knowledge of the autonomic nervous system and its control made by German scientists. AB - A summary is given of the German contribution to the development of our knowledge of the autonomic system. Although no major contributions were made in the early centuries and even during and immediately following the Renaissance and the Reformation (1517), there ultimately was a development of strength in the physiological sciences during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries which remained dominant even during the early decades of the twentieth century. Discovery of the inhibitory action of the vagus nerves by the Weber brothers in 1845 and the description of the depressor reflex and the principle of "feedback" by Cyon and Ludwig in 1866 are examples of high attainment in the study of autonomic nervous system physiology. Many of the other discoveries and subsequent development which occurred in Germany are described. The present symposium has demonstrated the present high attainment in this field. PMID- 7024391 TI - Physiology at Heidelberg. PMID- 7024392 TI - Effects of synthetic salmon calcitonin administration on gastrin, immunoreactive insulin and growth hormone release after protein meal in uremic patients. AB - Recent studies indicate that calcitonin inhibits, in man, the secretion of several hormones such as gastrin, insulin, growth hormone. There are no reports about this effect in uremic patients in which frequently calcitonin, gastrin, growth hormone, and insulin response to glucose administration is increased. A comparative study of the effects of synthetic salmon calcitonin infusion (50 U iv) on gastrin, growth hormone and insulin release protein meal (250 g of boiled lean beef) in 10 uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis and in 10 normal subjects was performed. Insulin and growth hormone response to protein meal was inhibited by calcitonin both in normal and uremic subjects. Gastrin response instead was inhibited only in normal subjects. These findings indicate that in uremic patients the inhibitory effect of calcitonin on insulin and growth hormone secretion is still present. The lack of evident inhibitory effect on gastrin release could be related to persistent hypergastrinemia because of the increased half life of the hormone which could mask acute changes of secretion. PMID- 7024394 TI - [The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of amniotic fluid (author's transl)]. AB - The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of 100 samples of amniotic fluid (LA) was studied against 5 bacterial species that are responsible for neonatal infections. These results show that there is a bacteriostatic activity in liquor. 52 specimens of liquor amnii (52%) were shown to be active against at least one of the 5 bacterial specimens studied. 32 samples of liquor (32%) were active against Listeria monocytogenes, 21 (21%) against Flavobacterium meningosepticum, 18 (18%) against Escherichia coli, 17 (17%) against group B streptococci and 7 (7%) against Bacteroides fragilis. A simultaneous study of the 6 types of germs show a separate characteristics of this activity. In this way the number of samples of liquor that were active against one or at the same time against 2, 3, 4 or 5 bacteria were respectively 24, 19, 5, 2 and 2. The bacteriostatic effect was more frequently active in those samples of liquor which were studied near term (57.5%) than in the samples studied nearer the beginning of pregnancy (31.5%). All the same, this difference is not statistically significant. There was no difference in the antibacterial activity of samples of liquor from normal and from abnormal pregnancies. The bacterial effect was found only in 12% of samples of liquor, particularly against streptococcus B (8%) and against Listeria monocytogenes (4%). This bactericidal effect was only found after the 31st week of amenorrhoea. PMID- 7024395 TI - Hands on stamps. PMID- 7024393 TI - Phenformin stimulation of insulin binding to human cultured lymphocytes. AB - The effects of the oral hypoglycemic agent, phenformin, were studied on the binding of 125I-insulin to its receptors in IM-9 human cultured lymphocytes. Three h after the addition of 5 microgram/ml of phenformin to these cells there was detectable stimulation of 125I-insulin binding; maximal effects were seen after 18 h. A detectable effect of phenformin was seen at 1 microgram/ml and maximal effects were seen at 5 microgram/ml. These studies demonstrate therefore than phenformin increases the binding of 125I-insulin to human cultured lymphocytes, and raise the possibility that phenformin could act in vivo to regulate insulin receptors. PMID- 7024396 TI - Chronic fracture dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint-treatment by osteotomy and bone graft. PMID- 7024397 TI - The relationship between the dwarfing gene and E. coli infection in two populations of chickens. AB - Resistance to an E. coli challenge was studied in the 6th, 7th, and 8th backcross generations after the introduction of the sex-linked recessive dwarf gene (dw) into two populations of White Plymouth Rock chickens that had undergone bidirectional selection for juvenile body weight. In the B6 and B8 generations, the dwarf genotype from the HW line had significantly higher mortality and/or heart lesions than the heterozygotes while the homozygous normal chickens were intermediate. No association between the dwarf allele and the incidence of E. coli infection was observed in the HW line in any generation, but genotypes in the LW lines were influenced by social environment in susceptibility to the E. coli challenge. Under low social strife, the dwarf and heterozygote genotypes were more susceptible than the normal genotype to the E. coli challenge, while under a high social strife there were no differences among genotypes. Since the genotypes in the LW line responded differently to the disease challenge than those in the HW line, it was concluded that a line-dwarf genotype interaction was present. PMID- 7024398 TI - Albinism and its inheritance in populations of the montane vole. AB - Albinism was observed in natural populations of the montane vole, Microtus montanus nanus, in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. Two individuals, apparently littermates, were captured in a high density population in 1976, and a third was taken at the same site from a high density population one year later. Laboratory breeding tests established that albinism in this species is inherited as an autosomal homozygous recessive. Territorial polygyny and the occurrence of extended maternal families at high densities may result in significant amounts of inbreeding as evidenced by presumably maladaptive homozygous recessive pelage variants such as albino. PMID- 7024399 TI - Studies on the H-W (H-Y) antigen in chickens. Evidence for H-W monomorphism and line specific restriction of graft rejection. PMID- 7024400 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of fibronectin in limb tissues of the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. AB - This study describes the immunocytochemical localization of fibronectin, a defined connective tissue and plasma glycoprotein, and its relationship to collagen and reticulin in adult newt limb tissues. We have also isolated the plasma form of fibronectin in a related species, the adult mudpuppy. The insoluble form of fibronectin was detected with immunoperoxidase stain in basement membranes and loose connective tissue. The endoneurium and perineurium of nerve bundles and the connective tissue elements of striated muscle stained heavily for fibronectin. The dermis and blood vessel walls also reached positively with the immunoperoxidase stain. A similar distribution was observed for reticulin with conventional histologic techniques with the exception of the dermis where only trace amounts of the protein were observed. Fibronectin and collagen were codistributed in the tissues studies. Fibronectin appeared to be intercalated among larger collagenous fibers. Collagen and fibronectin form an extracellular connective tissue scaffold that abuts against many types of adherent cells in different tissues. This supports the possible role of fibronectin in cell-matrix interactions and normal cell and tissue organization. PMID- 7024401 TI - Decrease of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)-immunoreactive nerve terminals in the substantia nigra after kainic acid lesion of the striatum. AB - Antiserum sheep 3 against rat brain glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was employed for the immunohistochemical localization of GAD-immunoreactive nerve terminals in the substantia nigra (SN). To test whether the antiserum specifically localized GAD-containing axon terminals, the effect of kainic acid-induced striatal lesions on the reactive nerve endings in the SN was investigated. Seven days after the injection of 1 microgram kainic acid into the striatum, a 65% decrease in GAD enzyme activity occurred in the ipsilateral SN. On immunohistochemical examination there was correspondingly a marked reduction of GAD-positive terminals. The parallel decrease in biochemical and immunohistochemical GAD activity indicates that antiserum sheep 3 can be used as a specific immunohistochemical probed for GAD-containing elements. PMID- 7024402 TI - Inhibition of endogenous tissue alkaline phosphatase with the use of alkaline phosphatase conjugates in immunohistochemistry. AB - In mammals there are two forms of alkaline phosphatase, one of which is widely distributed in a variety of tissues, and one of which is confined to intestine. Levamisole (1-tetramisole) inhibits the nonintestinal form of the enzyme, but is without effect on the intestinal form. We have exploited this difference by using conjugates made with calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase for immunohistochemical demonstration of H2 antigens in frozen section of mouse tissues. The alkaline phosphatase staining is performed in the presence of 1 mm levamisole, which inhibits the endogenous tissue enzyme without loss of staining by the conjugate. Endogenous enzyme can be inhibited by other means, such as exposure to 20% acetic acid, but labile antigens may be destroyed. PMID- 7024403 TI - Effects of different tissue processing methods on the immunohistochemical localization of kallikrein in the pancreas. PMID- 7024404 TI - The fixation of C3b to pneumococcal cell wall polymers as a result of activation of the alternative complement pathway. AB - The present study was performed in order to determine the identity of the pneumococcal cell wall polymer(s) to which C3b becomes fixed after activation of the alternative pathway. Purified pneumococcal autolysin was used to solubilize pneumococcal cell walls to which C3b had been fixed via activation of the alternative pathway. The resulting soluble cell wall polymers were then examined for the presence of C3b. Chromatographic separation of cell wall digests containing either radiolabeled teichoic acid or radiolabeled C3b demonstrated that although the elution profiles of the 2 radiolabels were similar, they were not identical. In addition, when teichoic acid-containing polymers were removed from solution by immunoabsorption with TEPC-15 myeloma, only 43 to 65% of the C3b was removed. These results demonstrate that C3b activated via the alternative pathway fixes both to teichoic acid-containing pneumococcal cell wall polymers and to other cell wall constituents and/or serum proteins bound to the cell wall. PMID- 7024405 TI - Identification of outer membrane proteins, including known lymphocyte mitogens, as the endotoxin protein of Escherichia coli 0111. PMID- 7024406 TI - Collaboration between histoincompatible T and B lymphocytes: preferential induction in vivo of antibodies to antigens borne by foreign T cells. AB - We have compared, in vivo, with nude mice and, in vitro, with cultures of T depleted spleen cells, several components of the humoral response resulting from the helper effect of allo- or xenogeneic T cells on mouse B lymphocytes; the response directed to the histocompatibility antigens (or other surface antigens) borne by foreign T lymphocytes, the effect on the response to an additional unrelated antigen, namely sheep red blood cells, and finally a possible nonspecific polyclonal activation. In vivo, injection of allo- or xenogeneic T lymphocytes into nude mice (with or without SRBC) induced a strong anti-T cell response, manifested by the presence of high titered IgG alloantibodies, without significant enhancement of the response to SRBC. In vitro, addition of xenogeneic T lymphocytes to cultures of T-depleted spleen cells did enhance an anti-T cell and an anti-SRBC response. The preferential induction of an anti-T cell response, observed in vivo, implies a peculiar form of T-B cell collaboration where the B lymphocytes binding to the foreign and activated T cells are selectively activated, suggesting that there is no absolute restriction for specific T-B cell collaboration across the histocompatibility barrier. PMID- 7024407 TI - Effect of cortisone administration on host-parasite relationships in early experimental syphilis. PMID- 7024408 TI - Requirement of adherent/phagocytic cells for the induction of F1 anti-parent cell mediated lympholysis. I. Parental adherent splenocytes serve as stimulators. AB - Primary F1 hybrid anti-parent T cell-mediated lympholysis (F1 alpha P CML), induced in mixed spleen cell cultures, is an immune response specific for self H 2 antigens. The cellular requirements for induction were investigated by depleting or enriching stimulator splenocytes of adherent/phagocytic cells. Relatively large numbers of parental cells that are adherent to Sephadex G-10 particles or to plastic surfaces, and phagocytic for carbonyl iron, were required for stimulation (approximately 10(5) purified stimulators for 3.5 X 10(6) responders). Such parental cells are resistant to gamma radiation (in vivo and in vitro) and hydrocortisone (in vivo), negative for Thy-1, and positive for I-A and I-E/C surface antigens. This subpopulation of macrophages includes the predominant or sole immunogenic parental cell type of the spleen for the F1 alpha P response. Whereas removal of adherent/phagocytic cells from parental splenocytes entailed loss of stimulatory activity for F1 responder T lymphocytes, this was not the case for allogeneic responders. The ability to induce allogeneic CML was, in fact, fully retained by depleted parental cells. Adherent/phagocytic cells of F1 responder origin were available for cellular interactions in all mixed spleen cultures, yet they were competent for presentation of alloantigens, but not of self antigens borne by parental cells other than macrophages. In conclusion, the cellular requirements for stimulation differ quantitatively and qualitatively in F1 alpha P CML as compared to allogeneic and other CML systems. The distinct requirements presumably relate to the generation of specific effectors that are autoreactive as opposed to reactive with foreign antigens. PMID- 7024409 TI - Interaction between Schistosoma mansoni and the complement system: role of IgG Fc peptides in the activation of the classical pathway by schistosomula. AB - It was previously reported that Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula in the presence of IgG activate complement through the classical pathway (CCP). In the present work we have demonstrated that schistosomula incubated with IgG peptides resulting from IgG hydrolysis by schistosomula proteases are able to initiate complement activation through CCP, since a marked consumption of C1, C4, and C2 was observed. Our results eliminate an eventual direct action of the substances released by schistosomula on the activation of CCP. The first step of CCP activation required the preliminary binding of IgG peptides on the schistosomula surface. This interaction induced an increase in the C1q uptake by schistosomula. Since the involvement of the Fc portion of IgG molecules has been clearly evidenced, in this case the peripheral globular subunits of C1q recognize the CH2 region on IgG peptides or intact IgG molecules. By this mechanism, the local consumption of complement around schistosomula could contribute to its survival in the host. PMID- 7024410 TI - The induction of a unique procoagulant activity in rabbit hepatic macrophages by bacterial lipopolysaccharides. AB - Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a common occurrence during clinical sepsis and can be induced in the experimental host by LPS. Fibrin deposition in the hepatic microcirculation has been observed within 30 min of i.v. injection of LPS. Because mononuclear phagocytes have been shown to produce a PCA after exposure to LPS, we have examined the ability of a homogeneous population of explanted hepatic macrophages to express PCA. Addition of as little as 10 ng/ml of LPS stimulated a 15- to 20-fold increase in PCA over control culture levels within 7 1/2 hr post-treatment. The PCA was found to be membrane associated, with approximately 90 to 95% of the total PCA present in the cellular lysates, and more than 85% was inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with the diazonium salt of sulfanilic acid, an inhibitor of ecto-enzymes. In contrast to tissue thromboplastin produced by other M phi populations, the H-M phi PCA was found to be markedly sensitive both to heat inactivation at 56 degrees C and to inhibition by 1 mM DFP. Additionally, assays involving both a 1-stage coagulation test as well as an enzyme assay with a Factor Xa-specific substrate (using normal and deficient human plasmas) demonstrated that the H-M phi PCA appears to activate Factor X directly. Unlike tissue thromboplastin, the H-M phi PCA is non dependent of Factor VII activation. These studies: 1) demonstrate the LPS induces a unique PCA in the H-M phi, and 2) support a role for the H-M phi in the initiation of DIC in endotoxemic shock. PMID- 7024411 TI - Effect of Leucogenenol on recovery from immunosuppressin by anti-lymphocyte globulins. AB - Daily treatment of rats with the thymothyroid hormone leucogenenol after their immunosuppression with anti-lymphocyte globulins causes the rats to regain their immunocompetency after 7 days of treatment, in contrast to well over a month, which is required for untreated controls. Immunocompetency was mesured by the ability of the rat to respond to the injection of sheep erythrocytes with the formation of normal concentrations of antibody-forming cells in their lymphoid tissues and normal titers of hemolysins in their serum. These results indicate that leucogenenol increases the rate of development of T cells, as well as B cells, from committed precursors. PMID- 7024412 TI - kappa/lambda Shifts do not occur during maturation of murine B cells. AB - We have used highly specific affinity-purified antibodies against mouse kappa- and lambda chains in conjunction with both immunofluorescence analysis on the FACS and enzymatic radioiodination of murine splenocytes and bone marrow cells. Our results indicate that the kappa/lambda ratio of cell surface immunoglobulin is constant during the ontogenetic development of B cells, i.e., a shift in the kappa/lambda ratio does not occur during B cell maturation. Our results suggest that the events controlling kappa and lambda expression on murine B cells are decided very early in ontogeny, before significant antigenic selection. PMID- 7024413 TI - Quantitative immunofluorescent analysis of surface phenotypes of murine B cell lymphomas and plasmacytomas with monoclonal antibodies. AB - In this study, a large series of murine B lymphomas and plasmacytomas were examined by quantitative flow cytometry analysis using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against murine differentiation antigens. These cell lines appear to represent subpopulations of lymphoid cells arrested at distinct stages of differentiation. In general, the pattern of reactions of these monoclonal antibodies with the B cell neoplasms was comparable to the reactions seen with normal cells in the same lineage. The Thy-1.2, Lyt-2, and T-30 differentiation antigens were not detected on any B lymphoma or plasmacytoma. However, certain surface Ig-positive B lymphomas do express the Lyt-1 antigen. With respect to other differentiation markers examined, including E2, F1, ThB, Lgp-100 (Ly 9.1), G2, and T-200 (Ly 5), the reaction of the B cell tumors reflected the expression of these markers on comparable normal cells. This investigation also emphasized the marked intratumor and intertumor heterogeneity that is observed when cloned cell lines are analyzed quantitatively for a large number of surface markers. Thus, this approach may be particularly useful in defining heterogeneity in maturation states within cloned tumor cell lines. PMID- 7024414 TI - Positive immunoselection using antibody-enzyme complexes. AB - We have developed an immunoselection technique using catalase-anti-catalase complexes coupled to specific antibodies to protect antigen positive target cells from the lethal effects of H2O2. The antibody-enzyme complexes are bound to the target cells through an antibody bridge with specificity for both the complexes and an anti-target cell antibody. In a model system, Thy-1 positive (RL male 1-3) cells were protected by incubation with rabbit anti-brain-associated theta antigen (BAT), sheep anti-rabbit IgG [F(ab)'2] and catalase-anti-catalase complexes. The amount and composition of the complexes adhering to the cells were measured by dual radiolabeling of the catalase and anti-catalase immunoglobulin. This technique provides a means of identifying and isolating large numbers of cells bearing any antigen for which specific antisera are available. PMID- 7024415 TI - A simple method to measure anti-glycolipid antibody by using complement-mediated immune lysis of fluorescent dye-trapped liposomes. AB - A simple, reproducible, and micro quantity method is described to measure the antibody against glycolipid antigens. The multilamellar liposomes containing carboxyfluorescein (CF), which is self-quenched at high concentration, are prepared by vortexing the dried lipid films consisting of egg lecithin, cholesterol, phosphatidic acid and Forssman glycolipid antigen. On addition of anti-glycolipid serum plus active complement, liposome lysis occurs, and trapped CF is released. The dilution of CF in the external volume abolishes the quenching, resulting in a high fluorescence signal. Experimental conditions to measure anti-glycolipid antibody is established in this paper. PMID- 7024416 TI - Preparation and characteristics of liposomes containing glycosphingolipids with blood group activity. Adaptation for an improved immunologic micromethod based on inhibition of haemagglutination. PMID- 7024417 TI - Measurement of nanogram concentrations of IgG by mixed hemadsorption. AB - We have modified the mixed hemadsorption technique so as to minimize the non specific adsorption of indicator cells. This is accomplished by: (1) introducing fetal calf serum at several crucial steps in the procedure, and (2) standardizing the selection of high-power fields to be counted so as to avoid erratic adherence patterns which occur around the well rim. Using these adjustments, IgG concentrations in the 12.5--400 ng/ml range can be measured accurately. SAMPLE SIZE: 2 microliter. Test time: 4 h. No radioisotope is required. PMID- 7024418 TI - A reliable method for repetitively bleeding rabbits from the central artery of the ear. AB - A method is presented for repeatedly bleeding rabbits from the central ear artery. The use of hypodermic needle with the hub removed provides a smooth flow of blood and avoids the problem of clot formation in the hub. Blood can be obtained aseptically and free of hemolysis with little risk to the animal. Volumes of 35 ml can be obtained from an initial bleed, increasing to 100 ml from subsequent bleeds. Advantages of the method include reliability, minimal trauma to the animal, and little contamination of the sample. PMID- 7024419 TI - The occurrence of Thomsen-Friedenreich receptors in bovine erythrocytes of various FV genotypes. AB - In the V/V type of bovine erythrocytes (BE), the antigen IM and the Thomsen Friedenreich (TF) receptors, which reacted with a TF-specific agglutinin from human sera and the lectin from Helix pomatia, were all destroyed by treatment with trypsin. Unlike the V/V, in the F/F type of BE the antigen IM and these TF receptors were not only not destroyed by trypsin, but this enzyme treatment was, in fact, necessary to make them amenable to the corresponding agglutinins. Another TF receptor, which reacted with the lectin from peanuts, was identified on a trypsin-resistant component of all BE and independently of the FV genotypes. PMID- 7024420 TI - Evidence for expression of Ly-6.2 on non-bone marrow-derived cells in kidney, skin and connective tissues. AB - Mouse alloantigen Ly-6.2 is detectable in various non-lymphoid tissues such as kidney, but it is not clear whether or not this expression is due to bone-marrow derived passenger leukocytes. To determine whether non-marrow derived cells express Ly-6.2, we examined the expression of this antigen in kidney and on isolated connective tissue and epidermal cells. Studies in radiation chimeras demonstrated that the kidney did not become Ly-6.2 positive when negative animals were reconstituted with positive marrow. Thus, passenger leukocytes cannot account for the renal expression of Ly-6.2, indicating that most of this antigen is on non-marrow-derived (parenchymal) cells in kidney. Various isolated cell types--fibroblasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes and skin epidermal cells--were found to be Ly-6.2 positive. Indeed, absorption and cytotoxicity results suggested that the amount of Ly-6.2 on fibroblasts exceeded the amount of an H-2 antigen on these cells. Comparison of fibroblasts to lymphocytes indicated that fibroblasts had 13--60 times more Ly-6.2 than spleen cells and three times more than PHA blasts. The results indicate that the Ly-6.2 detected in non-lymphoid tissues is predominantly on the parenchymal or connective tissue elements of those tissues. PMID- 7024421 TI - Medical museum notes. PMID- 7024422 TI - The patient with mild to moderate essential hypertension: peripheral renin activity and a comparative drug study. PMID- 7024423 TI - Concanavalin A-induced receptor redistribution on Biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes: characterization of capping and patching responses. PMID- 7024424 TI - Acaricidal bacteria infecting laboratory colonies of the tick Boophilus decoloratus (Acarina: Ixodidae). PMID- 7024425 TI - Immunofluorescent visualization of myosin in human epidermal cells. AB - An antiserum against guinea pig epidermal myosin was used for the localization of myosin in frozen sections of human epidermis and cultured human epidermal cells. The antiserum gave a single precipitin band with epidermal myosin but did not cross react with muscle myosin or epidermal keratin in immunodiffusion plates. Strong staining, in the indirect immunofluorescence technique, was observed in cells of the lower layers of human and guinea pig epidermis. The antibody also reacted with myofibrils, intracellular filaments in cultured human epidermal cells and fibers in 3T3, HeLa and PtK2 cells. Double immunofluorescence staining using antisera against myosin and keratin revealed no obvious differences in staining patterns in filaments of cultured human epidermal cells. PMID- 7024426 TI - Detection of basement membrane zone antigens during epidermal wound healing in pigs. AB - Bullous pemphigoid (BP) antigen, laminin, and type IV collagen, 3 distinct antigens of basement membrane, were studied by indirect immunofluorescence in the epidermal-dermal junction of re-epithelializing wounds. Partial thickness wounds were made with a dermatome in the skin of white Yorkshire pigs. After 2 or 3 days, the wound site and the surrounding normal skin were excised and cryostat sections were studied using BP sera as well as whole antisera and affinity purified antibodies to laminin and type IV collagen. Laminin and type IV collagen were detected in the basement membrane zone of normal epidermis and at the re epithelializing epidermal-dermal junction for a variable distance into the healing wound but both were absent from the more distal migrating epidermis. In contrast, BP antigen extended from the basement membrane zone of normal skin throughout the entire epidermal-dermal junction of dermis. These results suggest that in the re-epithelization of superficial wounds laminin and type IV collagen are not present in the initial epidermal-dermal interaction of the migrating epithelium but that BP antigen may be important in this early interaction. PMID- 7024427 TI - Binding cells of bullous pemphigoid antibodies to basal cells. PMID- 7024428 TI - C3b receptor in normal human skin. AB - Receptors for C3b in normal skin were studied. C3b was produced by treating normal human serum with cobra venom factor and by partial digestion of purified C3 with trypsin. Cryostat sections of normal human skin were incubated with C3b, followed by a direct immunofluorescent technique using monospecific goat antihuman C3. The histologic localization of C3b fluorescence was ascertained by fixing cryostat sections with glutaraldehyde and staining with hematoxylin and eosin. The following structures showed staining with anti-C3: (1) endothelial cells in capillaries, larger vessels, and arteries, (2) smooth muscle in arrector pilori muscles and artery walls, and (3) myoepithelial cells in the secretory portion of sweat glands. C3b did not bind to the intercellular substance nor to the basement membrane zone in normal human skin. Normal human sera treated with EDTA, EGTA, and heat (56 degrees C for 30 min) were negative, as was purified C3 by itself, thus indicating that native C3 did not bind to these receptors. Specificity for C3/C3b was shown by blocking with both unconjugated rabbit antihuman C3 and purified C3. The endothelial C3b receptor may have an important role in the localization of immune complexes in cutaneous vasculitis. PMID- 7024429 TI - Ureaplasma urealyticum in the upper urinary tracts of renal allograft recipients. AB - Urine samples from 123 renal transplant recipients were cultured for the presence of Ureaplasma urealyticum and other fastidious microorganisms. Ureaplasmas were recovered alone or in association with other microbial species from the bladder urine of 13 (11%) of the 123 patients, and evidence of involvement of the upper urinary tract was present in nine patients. Colonization of the upper urinary tract by U. urealyticum was not associated with a decline in function of the grafted kidney and was found only in patients with a primary diagnosis of reflux nephropathy (50% of such patients were positive for ureaplasmas) or glomerulonephritis (10% were positive) who had their own kidneys. The next most common isolate was Gardnerella vaginalis, recovered from 7% of patients, the majority of whom harbored the organism in the bladder only. The results confirm that U. urealyticum may colonize the upper urinary tracts of patients with proven renal disease. PMID- 7024430 TI - Measles virus genome in infections of the central nervous system. AB - The measles virus genome was traced in acute and chronic infections of the central nervous system in hamsters and humans. The extent of viral replication and gene expression was assessed by the techniques of in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence. Both replication and gene expression were restricted in chronically infected hamsters and in humans with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. It is proposed that restriction plays an important role in persistence of measles virus and the slow evolution of disease in these and other slow infections. PMID- 7024431 TI - Experimental subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: selective disappearance of measles virus matrix protein from the Central nervous system. AB - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is caused by a cell-associated or defective form of measles virus. The matrix protein of measles virus may be absent in patients with SSPE which could explain the defective nature of the virus in these patients. In an experimental model of SSPE in hamsters, measles virus in brain tissue is known to convert from a complete infectious form to a cell-associated or defective form eight to 12 days after intracerebral inoculation. Rabbit sera containing antibodies to two individual measles virus polypeptides, the nucleocapsid protein and matrix protein, were used in immunofluorescent and ultrastructural immunoperoxidase studies to label these proteins in brains of hamsters. During the early phase of infection when complete infectious virus could be isolated from brain tissue, both proteins were labeled. However, by 17 days after inoculation, when only cell-associated virus could be rescued from brain tissue, the nucleocapsid protein remained but the matrix protein had disappeared. PMID- 7024432 TI - Inhibition of in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum by immune serum from monkeys. AB - Three owl monkeys that had been immunized against the Camp strain of Plasmodium falciparum by infection were treated with chloroquine and rechallenged with parasites. Immune serum caused a dose-dependent, time-dependent inhibition of in vitro parasite growth. Heat-inactivation eliminated nonspecific inhibition by normal monkey serum without diminishing immune inhibition. Purified IgG from immune serum inhibited parasite growth. Serum taken immediately before the second challenge did not inhibit growth in vitro at a 1:10 dilution, although the monkeys successfully resisted the in vivo challenge. However, immune sera from all three monkeys taken two to four weeks after in vivo challenges were inhibitory, but sometimes detection required 20% serum. Growth inhibition in vitro by 10% serum was a poor predictor of in vivo protective immunity. Undiluted blood containing higher antibody levels (which are boosted by challenge), combined with additional immune mechanisms, may explain the protection observed in vivo. PMID- 7024433 TI - Influence of dietary lactalbumin hydrolysate on the immune system of mice and resistance to salmonellosis. PMID- 7024434 TI - The effects of influenza on host defenses. PMID- 7024435 TI - Study of abdominal hysterectomies in Iowa hospitals. PMID- 7024436 TI - [Dental pulp reactions to cutting and grinding]. PMID- 7024437 TI - [Post dowel]. PMID- 7024438 TI - [Dental pulp reactions to acid etching]. PMID- 7024439 TI - [Study on tissue culture of human chorionic tissue from early gestation: identification and observation of human trophoblast grown by a new culture method (author's transl)]. AB - Fixed gelatin film was devised as culture matrix to establish a culture method by which the behavior of human trophoblast can be directly observed from early culture time for its cell-biological investigation. Through cultures of 90 immature placentas, it has proved to be an excellent matrix in regard to sureness, rapidity and predominance of the growth of cytotrophoblast. The grown cells were identified by light and electron microscopy of vertical sections, which histologically demonstrated that dominantly grown cells had originated from Langhans' cells and multinucleated giant cells from the syncytiotrophoblast or fused Langhans' cells. The observations of the cytotrophoblast from early culture time revealed great variety of its shape and size, and behaviors suggestive of its tumor cell-like properties; active migration and criss-cross overlapping. On the surface of the cytotrophoblast, very characteristic circular lamellar structure was observed. It was considered to be a representation of endocytotic function of the cytotrophoblast or its rapid and effective response mechanism to environmental changes. The multinucleated giant cells from fused Langhans' cells could be expected as an in vitro model of syncytiotrophoblast, which is, in vitro, susceptible to degenerative changes. Immunofluorescent staining for hCG and histochemistry for alkaline and acid phosphatases were also performed. PMID- 7024440 TI - [Changes of hypothalamic LH-RH content induced by estradiol injection into female rats (author's transl)]. AB - The 4 day cycling Wistar strain rats were sacrificed by decapitation on the several conditions. By radioimmunoassay, hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured. From the present experiments, the following results were obtained. 1. At 17:00 on proestrus, a peak in serum LH level was observed. At the same time, hypothalamic LH-RH content was decreased. 2. After the administration of estradiol (E2) on diestrus I, hypothalamic LH-RH content increased gradually and reached the peak about one day later. Moreover, serum LH peak appeared on diestrus II. But the change of E2 administration time didn't take part in the time of LH peak. 3. When the group of the rats were administered progesterone at appropriated time in addition to the E2 administration at 12:00 on diestrus I, serum LH peak on diestrus II was repressed through the changes of LH-RH. PMID- 7024441 TI - [Treatment for blood group incompatible pregnancy using antibody elimination method]. PMID- 7024442 TI - [On the diglyceride and monoglyceride in pocket fluid of patients with chronic marginal periodontitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024443 TI - [An experimental study on the functional recovery of denervated muscles--effects of stump rotation in nerve suture (author's transl)]. AB - There are many factors which affect the end result of nerve suture. Clinically it is said tht rotation of the stumps at suture site has an unfavorable effect upon functional recovery, owing to discrepancies of funicular patterns and inappropriate funicular approximation. In order to evaluate the effect of rotation of the stumps at suture sites, tibial nerves of thirty-three full grown rabbits were used. After the tibial nerve was cut at a point three cm proximal to the popliteal fossa, in one group (20 rabbits) the nerve was sutured without rotation (0 degrees group) and in another group (19 rabbits) with 180 degrees rotation of the proximal stump (180 degrees groups), using epineural technique under operating microscope. Six months later return of nerve function was evaluated electrophysiologically and histologically. Electrophysiological measurements included electromyography, motor conduction velocity and muscle strength stimulating proximal stump. Histological evaluation following weighing included H-E stain, DPN diaphorase stain for muscle and Cajal stain for axon. There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to the passage rate of axons at the suture site, motor conduction velocity or recovery rate of muscle weight. But muscle strength of the plantaris in the 180 degrees group was significantly weaker than that of 0 degrees group, and in the 180 degrees group, recovery rate of muscle strength was lower than that of muscle weight, though they were the same in the 0 degrees group. Histochemically there was marked fibre type grouping of the reinnervated muscle in both groups. The author concluded that in the rabbits, the rotation of nerve stumps at suture site does not affect the passage rate of axons at the suture site nor maturation of the axon. However, it does impose unfavorable influence upon functional recovery. Further problems may arise for the recovery of complex functions when reconstitution of proprioceptive feed-back system is considered. PMID- 7024444 TI - Medicaid in Kentucky. PMID- 7024445 TI - Medicaid in Kentucky, the financial picture as of January 1981. PMID- 7024446 TI - The Reagan presidency. PMID- 7024447 TI - Measurement of bile acid production in hyperlipidemic man: does phenotype or methodology make the difference? AB - Bile acid production has been measured in 13 studies in 10 hyperlipidemic subjects by simultaneous use of isotope dilution kinetics and chemical balance methodology. When the data of all 13 studies were averaged, the correlation between the two sets of values was negative and weak (r - 0.01, NS). However, when the correlations for normoglyceridemic and hyperglyceridemic subjects were examined separately, a strong positive correlation was found between the values obtained by the two methods in normoglyceridemic subjects (r + 0.92, P less than 0.01) but not in hyperglyceridemic subjects (r - 0.25, NS). Examination of bile acid specific activity decay characteristics in eight studies, where bile was sampled up to six times within the first 24 hr after radio-labeled bile acid infusion, revealed differences in three rate of attainment of peak specific activity and in the time taken subsequently to achieve first order kinetic decay. However, analysis of the data from these eight studies by input-output analysis yielded values for primary bile acid synthesis no different that those generated by conventional isotope dilution kinetics. Thus, bile acid production in normoglyceridemic subjects may be accurately quantitated by either isotope dilution or chemical balance methodology. Our data, as well as results from other laboratories, indicate that the values obtained are strictly comparable. On the other hand, the quantitation of bile acid production in hyperglyceridemic subjects by isotope dilution kinetics gives higher values than those obtained by chemical balance methodology, and in addition, higher values than those obtained in patients with normal plasma triglyceride levels. PMID- 7024448 TI - A modified groin flap for reconstruction of oral cavity defects after tumour resection. AB - 21 patients, suffering from carcinoma in the lower part of the oral cavity, were operated on by in-continuity resection of the mandible. The removed bone was replaced by a metal plate. The soft tissue defect was completely repaired by a modified free groin flap, transplanted with microsurgical techniques. 19 patients had a complete flap take, two flaps became necrotic. No metal plate was lost during a follow up period of 1-20 months. The functional results in respect of tongue mobility were in all cases quite favourable. Techniques of flap raising and transplantation are outlined in detail. PMID- 7024449 TI - A viable treatment alternative for hemifacial microsomia. Case report. PMID- 7024450 TI - Two probable cases of a depression in the mandible caused by the submandibular salivary gland in Pre-Columbian Peruvians. PMID- 7024451 TI - Effects of prostacyclin, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha PGF2 alpha and 15[S]15-methyl-PGF2 alpha on platelet aggregation in vitro. PMID- 7024452 TI - Adding a posterior palatal seal to a denture after a denture is completed. PMID- 7024453 TI - Francis O. Ticknor, 19th century physician-poet - Part I. PMID- 7024454 TI - Francis O. Ticknor, 19th century physician-poet -- Part II. PMID- 7024455 TI - Fetal and material ovine placental lactogen during hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia and fasting. AB - Hyperglycaemia was produced in chronically catheterized fetal lambs and pregnant ewes by the infusion of glucose into the fetus. Plasma concentration of placenta lactogen did not change significantly in either fetal or maternal circulation. Fetal and maternal hypoglycaemia was induced by administration of insulin to the fetus and ewe separately. Plasma concentrations of placental lactogen in the fetus did not change significantly but maternal plasma concentrations fell slightly after hypoglycaemia in either fetus or ewe. Plasma concentrations of placental lactogen rose in both the ewe and fetus during prolonged fasting of the ewe. These results neither confirm nor refute a role for placental lactogen in intermediary metabolism of the pregnant ewe and fetus but glucose concentration alone is unlikely to be a significant factor in the control of secretion of this hormone. PMID- 7024456 TI - Evidence that changes in luteinizing hormone secretion regulate the growth of the preovulatory follicle in the ewe. AB - The aim of the present study was to gain evidence that the level of LH secretion preceding the preovulatory LH surge is an important determinant of follicular maturation and corpus luteum function in the ewe. In addition it was hoped to establish whether the pattern of LH delivery to the ovary (pulsatile v. constant) is a critical factor in the maturation of a preovulatory follicle. To accomplish this, progesterone-primed anoestrous ewes were repeatedly injected i.v. with LH or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), or given an i.v. infusion of LH, over a 72 h period. These animals, together with the appropriate controls, were exposed to a sexually active ram so that oestrous activity could be recorded. All ewes were subjected to intensive blood sampling regimes so that the plasma levels of LH and progesterone could be determined and compared to those which occurred in the same breed of sheep during the oestrous cycle. Collectively the data suggest that the plasma levels of LH preceding the preovulatory LH surge are an important determinant of follicular maturation as judged by subsequent corpus luteum function. Moreover, they show that follicular maturation can be achieved with widely differing patterns of LH delivery to the ovary during the preovulatory period and that a strict pulsatile delivery of LH may not be an absolute requirement. PMID- 7024457 TI - Dictyostelium amoebae can differentiate into spores without cell-to-cell contact. AB - Amoebae of sporogenous mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum can differentiate into stalk cells and spores in the absence of normal morphogenesis when spread on agar containing cyclic-AMP. The efficiency of differentiation is improved when the amoebae are incubated as submerged monolayers in plastic petri dishes. Under these conditions spore formation is density dependent and hence requires some form of cellular interaction. To determine whether this interaction involves direct cell-cell contact we have made time-lapse films of cells differentiating at intermediate density. These films show that amoebae can develop into spores without making contact with any other cells. In addition, although some cells do divide during incubation, division is not necessary for spore formation. At higher densities small aggregates form which give rise to mixtures of stalk cells and spores. There is no detectable patterning of the two cell types within such aggregates. PMID- 7024459 TI - The historical background of clinical chemistry. AB - The discipline of chemical pathology, earlier known as pathological chemistry, arose from the attempt to apply chemistry to medicine. Two main origins of the subject can be identified: the development of scientific research in medicine, and the emergence of organic chemistry and physiological chemistry. The development of clinical chemistry and its two historical roots in the 19th century are traced from their beginnings, together with the contributions from biology and natural philosophy. A vitalistic view of chemistry in the biosciences, the identification of natural products and the study of their metabolism all favoured the early establishment of clinical chemistry at the end of the first half of the 19th century. This was followed by a rise of fundamental research in physiological chemistry, while clinical laboratories remained as application-orientated adjuncts of clinical medicine, with the task of diagnosis. PMID- 7024458 TI - Stages of B cell differentiation in human lymphoid tissue. AB - Monoclonal antibodies reactive with B cell-specific differentiation and other antigens were used to investigate stages of B cell maturation in human lymphoid tissue, using an immunoperoxidase technique on frozen tissue sections. Lymphoid follicles, which represent the major anatomic compartment of B cells, demonstrated cellular antigenic expressions that appear to reflect differentiation of B cells. The majority of cells in the primary follicles and the mantle zones of secondary follicles expressed surface antigens similar to those of circulating B cells, namely IgM, IgD, Ia, B1, and B2. In contrast, the germinal center cells of secondary follicles stained for IgM, IgG, B1, B2, and Ia antigens, but not for IgD, and furthermore, acquired the T10 antigen. The germinal centers stained much more intensely than mantle zones with anti-B2, whereas no such striking difference in the staining intensity was observed with anti B1. Plasma cells, which represent the end stage of B cell differentiation, showed intense cytoplasmic staining with the anti-T10 antibody. The results indicate that the generation of germinal center cells in primary lymphoid follicles involves phenotype changes that correspond largely to those previously observed after both antigenic and mitogenic activation of B lymphocytes. PMID- 7024460 TI - Circadian changes of clinical chemical and endocrinological parameters. AB - It is known that all forms of life possess biological rhythms. The structure of this biological daily periodicity is caused by endogenous and exogenous factors. The reasons of circadian periodicity are endogenous processes, which can be modified by exogenous factors. This review describes the daily fluctuations of concentrations or excretions of haematologic, clinical chemical and endocrinological parameters. In blood and serum the largest daily variations are found for the concentrations of haemoglobin, potassium, iron, cortisol, testosterone, somatotropin, prolactin, adrenaline and noradrenaline. In contrast to the serum concentrations of the electrolytes sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate, their urinary excretions demonstrate pronounced daily rhythms with amplitudes being twice as high as the daily means. There is a remarkable phase shift of 180 degrees between phosphate and the cations both in the serum concentrations and urinary excretions. A daily rhythm comparable to the urinary excretion of electrolytes, has been measured for the urinary excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol. A constant, well defined timing of the sampling is important for those constituents with a marked daily variation. For numerous parameters very contradictory results have been reported in the literature concerning their daily variations, especially in cases of less pronounced rhythms. For some parameters the reasons for the differences in the observed daily variations are discussed. PMID- 7024461 TI - Haemoglobinometry: from estimation to reference method. PMID- 7024462 TI - Evolution of clinical enzymology. PMID- 7024463 TI - Reimbursement practices and the primary care physician: an economist's view. PMID- 7024464 TI - Continuity of care and family medicine: definition, determinants, and relationship to outcome. AB - Continuity of care is central to the philosophy and teaching of family medicine. Studies of continuity have yielded conflicting results with regard to outcomes. Reasons for this include a failure to agree upon a theoretical definition of continuity as well as failure to account for a number of influential determinants of the continuity process. It is suggested that continuity is an attitude based upon prior knowledge of and for each participant in the medical encounter. This attitude is made operational in a process consisting of five continuity dimensions: chronological, geographical, interdisciplinary, interpersonal, and informational. A working model of analysis is proposed, and the results of various studies are critically assessed. Future research in the area of continuity of care must provide reliable measures of the different continuity dimensions followed by well-controlled trials assessing the impact of these dimensions on the satisfaction, comfort, and health status of patients. PMID- 7024465 TI - An international glossary for primary care. Report of the Classification Committee of the World Organization of National Colleges, Academies and Academic Associations of General Practitioners/Family Physicians (WONCA). AB - Precise definitions of terms that describe the process of primary care are essential to the collection of primary health care data. Whenever possible, these definitions should be uniform and unambiguous. Research workers who wish to collaborate with or interpret work of colleagues from other countries can benefit from a standard glossary of commonly used health terms. In response to these needs, the Classification Committee of the World Organization of National Colleges, Academies and Academic Associations of General Practitioners/Family Physicians present this international glossary for primary care. Consensus on the definitions was reached by the Classification Committee with consultation from general practice-family practice organizations and individuals. Existing primary care glossaries from several countries and the World Health Organization were also consulted. The definitions provided are intended as guidelines, rather than absolute dicta, for primary care providers and researchers who desire comparability. New knowledge, drifts in use of language with time, and new processes will inevitably require revision of definitions and the addition of new terms. A comprehensive dictionary is not intended, but rather terms most commonly used are included. Equivalent terms are enclosed in parentheses with the country or origin bracketed. It should be understood, however, that exact equivalence may not be present. It was not always possible to include fine shades of differences of meaning. For convenience, the male pronouns have been used throughout. PMID- 7024466 TI - Intra-allantoic implantation: an alternative to the classical chorioallantoic membrane grafting technique. AB - A grafting method is described wherein donor tissue is partially inserted into a small slit cut into the proximal portion of the allantoic membrane of chick embryos aged 3.5-5.5 days. Cartilaginous bone rudiments handled in this manner readily vascularize, grow significantly, and begin osteogenesis within a 3-day incubation period. Compared to traditional chorioallantoic membrane grafting, usually done with hosts aged 9-12 days, the proposed intra-allantoic technique (1) greatly increased the period in which grafted materials are in residence (potentially up to 15 days) and (2) permits assessment of the host response of relatively young embryos. PMID- 7024467 TI - Responses of denervated adult newt limb stumps to reinnervation and reinjury. AB - It is well known that denervated adults newt limbs do not regenerate. Not understood is why denervated newt limb stumps fail to initiate regeneration upon reinnervation. In an effort to define the regeneration limiting factors, we examined the histology of long-term denervated newt limb stumps and tested the effects of various kinds of reinjury. In 5-week denervated limb stumps there were present dedifferentiated cells, differentiated cartilage, and densely packed layered cells. The epidermis covering the limb tip resembled skin epidermis rather than wound epidermis. The kinds of reinjury that were successful in restoring the regeneration capabilities to 5-week denervated limb stumps included; reamputation (100%), a single razor incision (60%), and removal of the healed tissues from the distal limb tip (70%). The results of the study emphasize the importance of both injury and wound epidermis in initiating regeneration. PMID- 7024468 TI - Detection of modifications in the tail of capacitated guinea pig sperm using lectins. AB - The surfaces of uncapacitated, capacitated, and trypsinized guinea pig sperm have been compared using 10 lectins. A previously described assay was used to assess the degree and pattern of agglutination induced by each lectin. Our method of evaluating the agglutination pattern was significantly improved by observing assay plates with an inverted phase contrast microscope at 200 X 320 X magnification rather than with a dissecting microscope. Following in vitro capacitation or trypsinization, the agglutinability of sperm by SBA, DBA, and WGA increased, and the agglutination pattern induced by SBA, DBA, WGA, and RCA120 changed to a predominantly reticular form. These changes did not occur when sperm were incubated in Ham's F-10, a control medium which does not support capacitation. Since binding of these lectins is inhibited by N-acetyl-D galactosamine (SBA, DBA), D-galactose (SBA, RCA120, DBA), or N-acetyl-D glucosamine (WGA), we conclude that surface receptors containing these residues are affected by capacitation. By examining assay plates with an inverted phase contrast microscope, we were able to show that the change in the agglutination pattern for all four lectins was due to an increase in agglutinability of the principal piece of the flagellum. It is suggested that the modification of the principal piece detected by this lectin assay may be important in the development of activated motility. Results further show that capacitation and trypsin treatment affect the sperm surface in a similar manner, and are thus consistent with the idea that a trypsin-like enzyme may modify the sperm during capacitation. PMID- 7024469 TI - Inhibition of mouse blastocyst attachment and outgrowth by protease inhibitors. AB - Effects of protease inhibitors on development of mouse blastocysts and fibrinolytic activity of trophoblast were examined by growing embryos on monolayers of decidual cells in the presence of inhibitors. Nitrophenol-p guanidino benzoate (NPGB) was the most effective inhibitor; 10(-4) M NPGB inhibited attachment and trophoblast outgrowth by 24% and 66%, respectively, and inhibited the fibrinolytic activity of trophoblast by 86%. The effects of NPGB were reversible, as demonstrated by the embryos' ability to attach and resume normal development when transferred to NPGB-free medium. Soybean trypsin inhibitor and epsilon-aminocaproic acid were less effective than NPGB in inhibiting blastocyst development. When 10(-4) M NPGB and 350 microgram/ml of soybean trypsin inhibitor were added together, blastocyst development and fibrinolytic activity were inhibited more severely than when either inhibitor was added alone. We suggest that at least two types of proteolytic activities in mouse blastocysts are involved in implantation, attachment requiring trypsin-like activity, and trophoblast outgrowth requiring both plasminogen activator and trypsin-like activity. PMID- 7024470 TI - Poisoning by dextropropoxyphene and paracetamol. PMID- 7024471 TI - Inhibition of T7 development at high concentrations of the phage. AB - Escherichia coli B exposed to high doses of bacteriophage T7 did not lyse. A similar effect was observed when the high dose was added within the first 7 min after primary infection. No viable phage was formed. DNA synthesis was inhibited rapidly and the nucleoid structure was absent. Protein synthesis was in general markedly reduced and so were the activities of the phage-specific enzymes endolysin and DNA polymerase. However, phage genes were transcribed both by the host RNA polymerase and by the phage-specific enzyme. We suggest that inhibition of phage development is due to structural alterations occurring in the cell wall/membrane such that replication is inhibited. PMID- 7024472 TI - Psychopathology and hemispheric dysfunction: a review. AB - In the past 15 years, investigators have attempted to relate psychiatric disorders to our developing knowledge about the asymmetrical organization of the cerebral hemispheres. This paper summarizes the varied, limited, and often conflicting results. The authors suggest that progress in this fascinating and potentially fruitful area will be improved by: a) more critical evaluation of the current literature with regard to its contradictions and to the techniques and theories utilized; b) systematic study of carefully diagnosed, large groups of patients; c) concurrent attempts to identify and carefully assess unusual patients; d) control of laterality measures for drug effects, institutionalization, and such cognitive and affective states as anxiety, depression, paranoia, and psychosis; and e) validation of the localizing value of neuropsychological tests in psychiatric patients by the study of previously diagnosed psychiatric patients with acquired focal brain disease. PMID- 7024473 TI - Evaluation of information sequential aspects of schizophrenic performance. I. Framework and current findings. AB - Based on studies of normal cognition, a schema of sequential stage information transactions is used to organize and evaluate relevant findings on schizophrenic performance. Principal stages include precategorical processing, short term or working memory, and long term memory. Difficulties associated with both structural aspects and information extraction aspects of precategorical processing are presented. Assessment of short term and long term memory performance agreed with earlier observations of certain "strengths" but with elaboration as to specific points where changes in requirements appear to have perturbing effects. Throughout the text, a number of outstanding research questions are noted and described. PMID- 7024474 TI - Evaluation of information sequential aspects of schizophrenic performance. II. Research strategies and methodological issues. AB - This presentation deals with research issues surrounding the investigation of schizophrenic performance from the perspective of the experimental psychology of normal cognition. Topics of subject selection, influence of medication on subjects' performance, appropriateness of underlying models of performance developed with normal samples, and nonuniform measurement properties of dependent variables are dealt with. Relevant items of rationale for this branch of study are put forth and evaluated. Finally, the notion of critical deficit--whereby the importance of deterioration in a component of performance is judged according to the component's role in negotiating environmental demands (rather than the component's absolute magnitude of deterioration)--is detailed and exemplified. PMID- 7024475 TI - Active site-specifically reconstituted nickel(II) horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase: optical spectra of binary and ternary complexes with coenzymes, coenzyme analogues, substrates, and inhibitors. AB - Insertion of nickel ions into the empty catalytic site of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase yields an active enzyme with 65% metal substitution and about 12% intrinsic activity. The electronic absorption spectrum is characterized by bands at 357 nm (2900 M-1 cm-1), 407 nm (3500 M-1 cm-1), 505 nm (300 M-1 cm-1), 570 nm (approximately equal to 130 M-1 cm-1), and 680 nm (approximately equal to 80 M-1 cm-1). The absorption and CD spectra are similar to those of nickel(II) azurin and nickel(II) aspartate transcarbamoylase and prove coordination of the nickel(II) ions to sulfur in a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry. Changes of the spectra upon ligand binding at the metal or conformation changes of the protein induced by coenzyme, or both, indicate alterations of the metal geometry. The chromophoric substrate trans-4-(N, N-dimethylamino)-cinnamaldehyde forms a ternary complex with Ni(II) liver alcohol dehydrogenase and the coenzyme analogue 1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide, stable between pH 6 and 10. The corresponding ternary complex with NADH is only stable at pH greater than 9.0. The spectral redshifts induced in the substrate are 11 nm larger than those found in the zinc enzyme. We suggest direct coordination of the substrate to the catalytic metal on which acts as a Lewis acid in both substrate coordination and catalysis. PMID- 7024476 TI - Metal-directed affinity labeling of zinc(II), cobalt(II), and cadmium(II) horse liver alcohol dehydrogenases. AB - The active site metal in horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase has been studied by metal-directed affinity labeling of the native zinc(II) enzyme and that substituted with cobalt(II) or cadmium(II). Reversible binding of bromoimidazolyl propionic acid to the cobalt enzyme blueshifts the visible absorption band originating from the catalytic cobalt atom at 655 to 630 nm. Binding of imidazole to the cobalt(II) enzyme redshifts the 655 nm band to 667 nm. Addition to bromoimidazolyl propionic acid blueshifts this 667 nm band back to 630 nm. This proves direct binding of the label to the active site metal in competition with imidazole. The affinity of the label for the reversible binding site in the three enzymes follows the order Zn greater than Cd greater than Co. After reversible complex formation, bromoimidazolyl propionic acid alkylates cysteine-46, one of the protein ligands to the active site metal. The nucleophilic reactivity of this metal-mercaptide bond in each reversible complex follows the order Co greater than Zn greater than Cd. PMID- 7024477 TI - Regional distribution of methionine adenosyltransferase in rat brain as measured by a rapid radiochemical method. AB - The distribution of methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) in the CNS of the rat was studied by use of a rapid, sensitive and specific radiochemical method. The S adenosyl-[methyl-14C]L-methionine ([14C]SAM) generated by adenosyl transfer from ATP to [methyl-14C]L-methionine is quantitated by use of a SAM-consuming transmethylation reaction. Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT), prepared from rat liver, transfers the methyl-14C group of SAM to 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. The 14C-labelled methylation products, vanillic acid and isovanillic acid, are separated from unreacted methionine by solvent extraction and quantitated by liquid scintillation counting. Compared to other methods of MAT determination, which include separation of generated SAM from methionine by ion-exchange chromatography, the assay described exhibited the same high degree of specificity and sensitivity but proved to be less time consuming. MAT activity was found to be uniformly distributed between various brain regions and the pituitary gland of adult male rats. In the pineal gland the enzyme activity is about tenfold higher. PMID- 7024478 TI - Epidemiologic comparisons between Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and scrapie in France during the 12-year period 1968-1979. AB - Systematic investigation of the occurrence of scrapie in France revealed that between 1968 and 1979 the disease has been diagnosed in a total of 145 flocks, in virtually every region where sheep are raised. The geographic distribution of scrapie-affected flocks was unrelated to the residential location of patients dying of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) during this period, arguing against direct contact or indirect vector transmission of the disease to humans. Regional lamb consumption was not correlated with the frequency of CJD; however, lamb consumption among nationwide categories of increasing population density (rural communities, towns, cities, the Paris metropolitan area, and the city of Paris) did correlate with an increasing frequency of CJD. Future accuracy in the reporting of scrapie, together with precise information about commercial distribution routes of lamb and other sheep products, will be required to assess the significance of this observation. PMID- 7024479 TI - The fate of axonal debris in Wallerian degeneration of rat optic and sciatic nerves. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence studies with neurofilament antisera. AB - Immunofluorescence demonstrated that axonal debris reacting with neurofilament antisera persist up to 4 months in rat optic nerves undergoing Wallerian degeneration. Antisera used in this study allowed the isolation of the 72,000- and 150,000-dalton neurofilament polypeptides from rat spinal cord by immunoaffinity chromatography. After 2 weeks of degeneration, proteins co migrating with these neurofilament polypeptides were no longer identifiable in rat optic nerves, which suggests that immunofluorescent structures persisting in the nerves after this period contained neurofilament degradation products of different molecular weight. Additional evidence as to the persistence of axonal debris in degenerated optic nerves was obtained by electron microscopy. Two distinct types of axonal degeneration were observed in rat optic nerves by this method, floccular swelling and increased electron density of the axoplasm. In both types of degeneration, axoplasmic filaments and tubules were not identifiable. Although floccular material disappeared after 2 weeks of degeneration, so that only empty myelin sheaths remained, electron-dense axons persisted longer and were probably phagocytosed together with their myelin sheaths. In sciatic nerves, cross-reaction with neurofilament antisera had almost completely disappeared 10 days after transection. The same was true for nerves which had been tightly ligated to prevent axonal growth and to squeezed nerves which showed vigorous regeneration. A few scattered, brightly immunofluorescent fragments which persisted in nerves up to 2 weeks after transection were exception to these findings. PMID- 7024480 TI - Clearance of Tc-99m DTPA in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: concise communication. AB - The clearance of Tc-99m DTPA was studied in 14 patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). Mean Tc-99m DTPA clearance during HD was 37.8% +/- 10.1 of creatinine clearance. Mean Tc-99m DTPA clearance in PD was 65.1% +/- 10.3 of creatinine clearance. Tc-99m DTPA, with a larger molecular weight than that of creatinine, is cleared relatively better during PD than during HD. Thus Tc-99m DTPA may be used in the assessment of the effectiveness of different dialytic treatments for substances of similar molecular weight. In addition, our study shows that clearance of DTPA both in HD and PD is sufficiently high to allow the removal of this chelating agent in patients with renal failure. PMID- 7024481 TI - Technetium-99m DTPA splenic uptake. PMID- 7024482 TI - The Hattie Hemschemeyer award presented at the 26th Annual Meeting of the American College of Nurse-Midwives, Denver, Colorado, April 29, 1981 (Sandra Jean Dietrich). PMID- 7024484 TI - Relevance of epidemiology to policies for the prevention of cancer. PMID- 7024483 TI - A model of occupational stress. PMID- 7024485 TI - Etiology, role and detection of chromosomal aberrations in man. AB - Genetic aberrations play a major role in human disease. They are responsible for a number of birth defects and have been identified as an important cause of much prenatal mortality. Approximately one-half of all conceptuses, for example, have been estimated not to survive to term, and some die so early that they are not even detected by the mother. Not all genetic anomalies appear at birth, however, since a number may result postnatally from environmental agents that have caused single cell mutations (which might develop into a human tumor), and yet others may require a second mutational event and appear even later. Thus, the industrial environment poses special hazards, to both female and male workers, because of the risks of induction of cancer, as well as of impairment of reproductive ability. Industrial cytogenetic monitoring, as a form of preventive medicine, is now possible. This review discusses many of the causes and types of genetic damage and the current cytogenetic techniques, as well as their use in industrial monitoring. PMID- 7024486 TI - The role of human genetic monitoring in the workplace. AB - The history and current state of some newer short-term tests for occupational genetic monitoring are reviewed. These are: cytogenetics, sister chromatid exchange, body fluid analysis, tests utilizing sperm, and detection of somatic cell variants. Occupational studies on benzene, vinyl chloride monomer, and epichlorohydrin are critically discussed from the standpoints of design and interpretation. It is concluded that these tests are not appropriate for risk assessment at the present time. Their clinical relevance, if any, is unknown. Proper validation and standardization have not been done, and design problems have often clouded the results of previous studies. There is a critical need for further research in the area of occupational genetic monitoring. Future applications should include integration with prospective morbidity and mortality studies, standardization of design and statistical methods, and development of new tests with genetically relevant endpoints. PMID- 7024487 TI - Dental attrition and degenerative arthritis of the temporomandibular joint. AB - The extent and rate of occlusal attrition in relation to degenerative arthritis of the temporomandibular joint were studied in 101 skulls representing early Aboriginal man in Australia. Joint degenerations affected 40% of the specimens and were associated with both the rate and extent of tooth attrition. Age, unaccompanied by tooth wear, was not significant in the progress of the disease. Degenerations affected the temporal joint surface more frequently than the condyle, particularly in the lateral and central regions of the articular eminence. Patterns of degenerative joint disease in the Aboriginals illustrated a break-down in the physiological adaptability of the masticatory system resulting from increased occlusal stress consequent upon progressive tooth wear. Under these conditions, the teeth and the temporomandibular joints enter a 'wear-out' phase of occlusal function which usually commences in early adult life and becomes more severe as the conditions continue. PMID- 7024488 TI - Some advances in endosseous implants. AB - A major advance in endosseous implantology hinges on the coating of titanium implants by porous biodegradable, bioreactive tricalcium phosphate ceramic. When implanted into alveolar bone by a careful technique, the ceramic is resorbed to be replaced by bone. As a result, the endosseous implant becomes ankylosed to the bone. This represents a stable implant/bone interface as opposed to the unstable connective tissue interface that encapsulates many other implant devices. PMID- 7024489 TI - The origin of the Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy: Cheever's operation. AB - The Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy so commonly performed today for a variety of reasons had its primitive beginnings in 1867 in the search for a more simple, direct, and less mutilating approach to the nasal cavity for tumor removal. David Cheever, firstly by his successfully repeated downfracture of the right hemimaxilla in one patient, who had complete recovery, followed by the technically successful total maxillary downfracture (although the patient died postoperatively), must occupy a foundation position in the history of the Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy. PMID- 7024490 TI - Methods of hepatitis B virus transfer in oral surgery. AB - There are a variety of modes of transmission of the hepatitis B virus. Although the traditional parenteral mechanism of direct transfer of the virus via a needle containing infected serum or plasma is the most common, nontraditional parenteral mechanisms have been documented. These include transfer of the virus via saliva and plasma through minute skin abrasions, through mucosal surfaces, and indirectly via inanimate environmental surfaces. Current evidence does not support an intestinal mode of transmission. The various modes of transmission. The various modes of transfer of hepatitis B virus cause particular problems for people in the dental health care profession. However, knowledge of the different modes of virus transmission will allow the dental practitioner to take appropriate precautions to prevent transfer of hepatitis B virus from patient to dentist. PMID- 7024491 TI - The genus Cannabis and the correct use of taxonomic categories. PMID- 7024492 TI - The religious and medicinal uses of Cannabis in China, India and Tibet. PMID- 7024493 TI - The opiate trade of Taiwan and Japan: an historical note. PMID- 7024494 TI - Evidence for snuffing in the prehispanic stone sculpture of San Agustin, Colombia. PMID- 7024495 TI - The metapsychology of opium. PMID- 7024496 TI - On travels in the universe of the soul: reports on self-experiments with delysid (LSD) and psilocybin (CY). PMID- 7024497 TI - Childhood thyromegaly: recent developments. AB - Evaluation of a child with goiter includes historical review, physical examination, and measurement of serum concentrations of PBI, T4 and T3RU, TSH, and titers of antithyroglobulin and antithyroid microsomal antibodies. If there are no indications for more intensive evaluation such as history of cervical irradiation, a palpable abnormality of the thyroid gland or unusual laboratory findings (e.g., a significant PBI-thyroxine iodine discrepancy in the absence of a positive antithyroid antibody titer), a trial of TSH-suppressive therapy with thyroxine is undertake, even if the cause of thyromegaly has not been identified. If thyroid size diminishes in the ensuing six to 12 months, treatment is maintained for approximately two years and then discontinued. If the goiter recurs, or if there is impaired thyroid function, treatment is resumed. Periodically, antithyroid antibody titers and indices of thyroid function are determined. If the goiter does not diminish after a reasonable trial of suppressive therapy with adequate amounts of thyroxine (i.e., those quantities which will inhibit TRH-induced secretion of TSH), subtotal thyroidectomy is recommended to be certain that an underlying neoplasm has not been overlooked. A biopsy of the thyroid is not performed routinely in such children prior to operative therapy. Almost invariably, examination of the surgical specimen reveals CLT. Postoperatively, suppressive doses of thyroxine are maintained indefinitely. Inasmuch as thyroxine suppression of TSH secretion is essential in the management of patients with thyroid neoplasms, a limited medical trial, as described, does not place the patient at undue risk. PMID- 7024498 TI - Renal transplantation in children less than 2 years of age. AB - We report our experience with renal transplantation in ten infants receiving grafts at ages 1 to 21 months. All children were followed for at least six months posttransplantation, except two who died in the immediate postoperative period. Kidneys were obtained from cadaveric donors: four from anencephalic newborn infants and eight others from donors aged 9 months to 21 years at death. Immunosuppressive therapy consisted of prednisone, azathioprine, and antithymocyte globulin, with added doses of methylprednisolone for rejection. Patient survival at six months was 8/10, at two years 3/7 (three patients who were alive but were followed for less than two years are excluded), and at present 5/10. Graft survival at six months was 5/10, at two years 2/12, and at present 1/12. Cadaveric renal transplantation in small children is technically feasible, but the enormous time and effort involved in such an undertaking must be re-evaluated. PMID- 7024499 TI - Hypokalemia, normal blood pressure, and hyperreninemia with hypoaldosteronism. AB - The etiology of persistent hypokalemia and renal potassium loss was investigated in three children. Each had normal blood pressure but low plasma aldosterone values in relation to elevated plasma renin activity. None had a history of licorice abuse, laxative or diuretic use, persistent vomiting or diarrhea, pyelonephritis, or diabetes insipidus. Additional studies in one patient showed low prostaglandin E excretion and a normal platelet aggregation response to epinephrine and ADP. Although certain aspects of this condition resemble Bartter syndrome, the low concentrations of aldosterone and the absence of evidence for mineralocorticoid excess suggest a previously undescribed syndrome. PMID- 7024500 TI - Child abuse: parenteral insulin administration. PMID- 7024501 TI - The prognostic value of presenting serum LDH in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. PMID- 7024502 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for cholangitis following hepatic portoenterostomy for biliary atresia. PMID- 7024503 TI - Charles Everett Koop, M.D., Sc.D.: a festschrift. PMID- 7024504 TI - Studies on acrosin. I. Purification and characterization of boar acrosin. AB - Acrosin was extracted from boar sperm and purified by Sephadex gel filtration and affinity chromatography on Phe-Phe-Arg Sepharose 4B in acidic condition. Its enzymic properties were characterized in comparison with trypsin. The oligopeptides with Arg at the carboxy-termini were used as the ligands for affinity chromatography. Phe-Phe-Arg adsorbed acrosin at pH 5 and released in at pH 3. To adsorb acrosin, it was found that the ligand should be longer than tripeptide with Arg in the carboxy-termini. Disc gel electrophoretogram of purified boar acrosin gave a broad band consisted from three fractions which hydrolysed N-alpha-benzoyl-arginine ethylester (BAEE). The pH optimum and inhibition spectra were similar to those of trypsin, however, the influence of urea on them were very different among each other. Calcium ion decreased Km for BAEE, and increased Ki of aprotinin. The kinetic analysis of acrosin for its substrate and products resulted that Km for BAEE was minimal at around pH 8 and maximal at pH 5, on the contrary, Ki of the product was low at pH 5, but progressively increased along the elevation of pH. The same tendency was observed for trypsin. From the attitudes on the affinity chromatographies and the pH profiles of kinetics parameters, it was concluded that the active sites of acrosin and trypsin were similar to each other. PMID- 7024505 TI - Imagery encouragement absorption capacity, and relaxation during electromyograph biofeedback. AB - This study focused on individual differences in subjects' capacities for absorption and examined the effects of instructions designed to encourage the use of imaginal processes during electromyography (EMG) biofeedback. Twenty-four high absorption and 24 low-absorption subjects were assigned to either a biofeedback condition. Each subject participated in two sessions of testing. Results showed that instructional manipulation of imaginal strategies was effective in overcoming the previously observed interference effect of biofeedback for high absorption subjects. For low-absorption subjects, performance in the two biofeedback conditions was equivalent and, by the end of each session, was appreciably greater than in the no-feedback condition. It was concluded that cognitive mediational strategies employed by subjects are closely related to performance during EMG biofeedback and that these strategies can be manipulated effectively in a manner that appreciably enhances the efficacy of EMG biofeedback as a relaxation. PMID- 7024506 TI - Phagocytic activity and hyperpolarizing responses in L-strain mouse fibroblasts. AB - 1. Fibroblastic L cells not only respond with a slow hyperpolarizing potential change to a mechanical or electrical stimulus but also show spontaneous, repetitive hyperpolarizations (i.e. membrane potential oscillation). 2. Almost all the cells can actively take up latex beads whose surfaces were treated by U.V. irradiation. 3. Non-phagocytic L cells hardly showed hyperpolarizing responses, while hyperpolarizing responses were obtained in all the phagocytic L cells. The exposure of the cell surface to beads, however, did not trigger the generation of hyperpolarizing responses. 4. Metabolic inhibitors, low temperature and cytochalasin B inhibited both the uptake of beads and the hyperpolarizing responses. 5. Increasing the external concentration of Ca2+ induced a remarkable stimulation of the phagocytosis of beads. Mg2+ and Ba2+, which inhibited hyperpolarizing responses due to competition for Ca2+ sites on the outer surface of the membrane, significantly suppressed the uptake of beads. 6. Verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker, inhibited not only hyperpolarizing membrane responses but also ingestion of beads. 7. It is concluded that the Ca2+ inflow on the hyperpolarizing membrane responses is closely associated with the phagocytic activity in L cells, probably through activation of the microfilament assembly. PMID- 7024507 TI - Interaction between perfusion pressure and sympathetic nerves in renin release by carotid baroreflex in conscious dogs. AB - 1. The effect of bilateral carotid occlusion on carotid sinus pressure, systemic blood pressure, heart rate, renal blood flow, renal-venous and arterial plasma renin activity was studied in twelve trained conscious foxhounds on a normal sodium diet (4.7 mmol/kg per day). 2. When renal perfusion pressure was allowed to rise with systemic pressure by 51.0 +/- 6.3 mmHg during carotid occlusion, renin release decreased by 72.3 +/- 22.2 ng/min (78% of control; P less than 0.05) while renal blood flow remained at its resting level of 232.7 +/- 20.1 ml/min (n = 8 dogs). 3. When renal perfusion pressure was maintained constant at 93.0 +/- 3.6 mmHg during carotid occlusion (suprarenal aortic cuff), renin release increased by 154.6 +/- 60.4 ng/min (73% of control; P less than 0.05), again there was no significant change of renal blood flow (n = 7 dogs). 4. After beta-adrenergic blockade carotid occlusion increased systemic blood pressure by 47.7 +/- 7.8 mmHg, decreased renin release by 34.6 +/- 9.9 ng/min (67% of control; P less than 0.05) and had no effect on renal blood flow (n = 4 dogs). 5. When renal perfusion pressure was controlled at its resting level, no significant change of renin release and renal blood flow was observed during carotid occlusion in the surgically denervated kidney (n = 3 dogs) or in the intact kidney after beta-adrenergic blockade (n = 4 dogs). 6. It is concluded that a reduction of carotid sinus pressure in the conscious dog increases renin release by a direct beta-adrenergic stimulation without exerting vasomotor effects provided renal perfusion pressure is maintained at control level. The vascular receptor mechanism can effectively counteract the stimulating influence of the renal sympathetic nerves when perfusion pressure is allowed to rise. PMID- 7024508 TI - The effect on salt appetite and the renin-aldosterone system on replacing the depleted ions to sodium-deficient cattle. AB - 1. Sodium depletion which occurred in cattle following exteriorization of a parotid duct produced depression of both plasma and salivary sodium, acidosis, elevated plasma aldosterone and renin activity. Increased sodium appetite, characteristic of sodium depletion, was assessed by operant behaviour where scoring of panel pressing for NaHCO(3) rewards showed change in sodium appetite.2. Sodium-depleted calves readily drank the calculated ionic deficit as a hypertonic solution (4 l.) in a few minutes, or as an isotonic solution (16 l.) usually within 30 min.3. When the ionic deficit was restored by either i.v. infusion or drinking, sodium appetite was reduced significantly. The suppression of sodium appetite was more rapid when the depleted ions were replaced by drinking (30 min) than by i.v. infusion (2 hr) but in both circumstances the effect was short lived since sodium appetite redeveloped within 3 hr.4. The rapid return of sodium appetite following restoration of the ionic deficit occurred even when the plasma sodium level was normal. Other biochemical changes resulting from sodium depletion, such as acidosis and reduced salivary sodium, could not be correlated with variation in sodium appetite.5. Rapid infusion of Ringer saline (4 l.) did not inhibit the sodium appetite, which suggests that neither vascular volume changes per se nor vascular baroreceptors control sodium appetite in sodium-deficient calves.Plasma aldosterone fell rapidly following infusion of the hypertonic solution but only slightly with the isotonic infusion. The change in plasma hormone level was not related to changes in sodium appetite.6. Drinking the hypertonic solution produced a marked reduction in panel pressing for NaHCO(3) with a rapid rise in plasma sodium. Consumption of the larger volume of isotonic solution also inhibited sodium intake but plasma sodium remained low. A secondary increase in plasma renin activity (p.r.a.) occurred following ingestion of the hypertonic solution, but both p.r.a. and aldosterone fell to normal levels over the next 6 hr when the cattle again showed marked sodium appetite. It is possible that these effects may be due to ion and fluid movement between gut and extracellular fluid and reflect osmolality changes or tissue dehydration.7. It is concluded that the sodium appetite of sodium deficient cattle is only temporarily alleviated by restoration of the depleted ionic loss, and that the behavioural response to seek sodium rewards is independent of plasma sodium, p.r.a., aldosterone and volume changes in the gut and vascular system.8. Recent reports suggest that sodium appetite may be controlled by receptors in the hypothalamus or by angiotensin II in the brain. In cattle the capacious gut may also be involved, since sodium appetite is inhibited more rapidly when the depleted ions are taken orally than by i.v. infusion. PMID- 7024509 TI - [Regulation of extracellular acid-base balance in animals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024510 TI - [Intracellular acid-base status]. PMID- 7024512 TI - Strengthening abutment or isolated teeth on removable partial denture master casts. PMID- 7024511 TI - A tribute to Lucille Etheridge, L.P.N., R.N. PMID- 7024513 TI - Patient-assisted esthetics. PMID- 7024514 TI - Photoelastic analysis of stress patterns on teeth and bone with attachment retainers for removable partial dentures. AB - This investigation was designed to evaluate the forces developed in supporting structures by removable partial dentures with attachment retainers. The attachments tested were the (1) Sterngold type 7, (2) Dalbo MK, and (3) Thompson dowel. The study utilized a photoelastic model with stress areas recorded photographically. The results showed that: 1. Splinted abutments are indicated when using the tested attachment retainers. 2. With single abutments, the attachment retainers induced distal force on the teeth which resulted in unfavorable horizontal bone forces. 3. The Dalbo MK attachments produced the most force on the edentulous regions and the least force on the abutment teeth. 4. The Thompson dowel and Sterngold type 7 attachment retainers induced similar stress patterns on single abutments and both produced distal abutment forces. 5. The Thompson dowel induced more favorable stress patterns when the abutments were splinted. PMID- 7024515 TI - Modification of stresses surrounding abutment teeth for fixed partial dentures induced by various levels of periodontal support: a photoelastic study. AB - A photoelastic replica system was used to study stresses produced within the periodontium of abutment teeth for a fixed partial denture. Three replicas, each representing a different level of periodontal support, were constructed. Abutment teeth were subjected to occlusal forces and examined in a polariscope before and after prosthesis construction. Stress distributions and concentrations produced in the periodontium of abutment teeth by an occlusal force were favorably altered by the placement of a fixed partial denture. Stress concentrations produced in the periodontium of abutment teeth were notably altered by a moderate (20%) loss of support. Further (40%) loss of periodontium did not result in appreciably additional change. The stress patterns produced in the periodontium of both replicas which simulated loss of periodontium were also favorably altered by the placement of a fixed partial denture. PMID- 7024516 TI - Guiding planes: when and where. PMID- 7024517 TI - The combined reversible hydrocolloid/irreversible hydrocolloid impression system: clinical application. PMID- 7024518 TI - Evaluation of the marginal integrity of ceramometal restorations. Part I. PMID- 7024519 TI - Insertion techniques and adaptation of composite resin to cavity margins. PMID- 7024520 TI - A clinical study of the periodontal status of abutment teeth supporting swinglock removable partial dentures--a pilot study. AB - Eleven patients wearing mandibular swinglock bilateral distal extension removable partial dentures opposing maxillary complete dentures were studied for a period up to 2 years. They had moderate to advanced periodontal disease with retrograde mobility patterns. Periodontal therapy, as well as treatment of dental carious lesions, was completed before fabrication of the prosthesis. Recordings of the gingival status, pocket depth, plaque score, tooth mobility, and dental caries were made at the time of the placement of the prosthesis and thereafter at 6 month intervals. Final results were obtained at the end of 2 years in six patients (group A) and at 1 1/2 years in five patients (group B). Our findings show that both groups had a statistically significant increase in gingival inflammation. However, no differences in degree of inflammation were observed between the two groups with regard to the status of gingival tissues that were covered and uncovered by the components of the swinglock removable partial denture. Also, no statistically significant differences in pocket depths and plaque scores were found between the time of placement of the swinglock removable partial denture and the final recall visit. Of the 61 abutment teeth, 85.2% had no significant change in mobility, 11.5% showed a substantial decrease in mobility, and 3.3% showed a considerable increase in mobility. The patients were able to successfully wear the swinglock removable partial denture without clinically significant changes in the supporting structures of the abutment teeth. This report is part of an ongoing study to determine the efficacy of swinglock removable partial dentures. PMID- 7024521 TI - Microleakage of composite resin inserted over an experimental liner: a laboratory study. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in the laboratory, marginal leakage of an experimental liner that expands upon setting. The expansion could be effective in minimizing leakage of the composite materials due to polymerization shrinkage. The expansion appeared to affect leakage only some of the restorations. Large restorations apparently have too great a bulk of composite resin to be affected by the expansion of the experimental liner. It is recommended that an acid etch/unfilled resin system be used in conjunction with the experimental liner to minimize leakage. PMID- 7024522 TI - Custom metal occlusal surfaces for acrylic resin denture teeth. PMID- 7024523 TI - Relationship of osteoporosis to excessive residual ridge resorption. AB - There are many systemic factors which contribute to alveolar bone loss and decreased ability to tolerate dental prostheses. Osteoporosis should be considered as a possibility. Observation of the high numbers of osteoporotic fractures in the geriatric population serves to illustrate the scope of this problem. The condition of osteoporosis results in bone loss in the maxillae and mandible as well as in other bones of the body. It is highly feasible that the disease makes a strong contribution to the deterioration of the dental health in the geriatric patient. The American diet is too low in calcium and too high in phosphorus. Added to the high incidence of lactose intolerance, it is difficult to control the mineral content of a patient's diet by simple modification of eating habits. Dietary supplementation is a convenient and inexpensive alternative. Rampant residual ridge resorption is a multifactorial problem. It is part of the responsibility of the dentist to consider all factors involved in this state. The dentist would serve the patient well by working in conjunction with the patient's physician in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic states. The dentist has much to gain in the systemic treatment of the "impossible denture patient," for it is the dentist who must endure the frustrations of treating such a patient. PMID- 7024524 TI - Designing swinglock partial dentures. PMID- 7024525 TI - Fabricating fixed partial dentures using existing restorations. PMID- 7024526 TI - Remounting multiple casting prior to final cementation. PMID- 7024527 TI - Acid-etch canine riser occlusal treatment. PMID- 7024528 TI - The prong denture: a combined surgical-prosthetic approach to enhance denture retention. PMID- 7024529 TI - Dowel pin positioning technique for fixed partial denture working casts. AB - This simple, accurate technique of positioning dowel pins saves the time and effort of working with cumbersome bobby pins, paper clips, anesthetic needles, and sticky wax. No pins are pushed into the impression material that might cause distortion. The method (1) allows the dental laboratory technician to place the dowel pins free hand after the impression has been poured and (2) does away with many problems associated with prepositioning the dowel and stabilizing it with sticky wax before pouring the impression. With this method, there is nothing to vibrate loose, and there is excellent vision and access for teasing stone into all recesses of the impression with a spatula or brush. The heavy body and sticky characteristic of Mortite ensures that the bankers pins will not be dislodged during vibration of stone, and the dowel pins can be precisely located. PMID- 7024530 TI - A method to record the path of insertion of a removable partial denture. PMID- 7024531 TI - Management of flail chest by intermittent positive pressure respiration (IPPR). PMID- 7024532 TI - The bacitracin sensitivity test for identifying beta-haemolytic streptococci of Lancefield group A. PMID- 7024533 TI - Ultrastructural differences between species of trypanosomatids with and without endosymbionts. AB - Species of trypanosomatids without endosymbionts (Leptomonas seymouri, L. collosoma, L. samueli, crithidia fasciculata, C. luciliae, C. acanthocephali, Herpetomonas megaseliae, H. mariadeanei, H. samuelpessoai, H. muscarum muscarum, Trypanosoma cruzi) and species of trypanosomatids with endosymbionts (Crithidia deanei, C. oncopelti, Blastocrithidia culicis) were comparatively studied by means of electron microscopy. Artificially aposymbiotic strains derived from species with symbiont were also included in the survey. Species with symbiont were found to differ in some ultrastructural aspects from the group of species without symbiont. Paraxial rods of flagella or intraflagellar structure were found exclusively in species without symbiont. Peripheral branching of mitochondria, accompanied by absence of subpellicular microtubules in sites where the mitochondrial branches are appressed to the cell membrane, were found exclusively in species with symbiont. Networks of kinetoplast DNA fibrils were found to be larger and looser in species with symbiont. Symbiont-free strains of species with symbiont retained the same morphological characteristics of their parental species. PMID- 7024534 TI - Slow virus infections. PMID- 7024535 TI - Infection in Britain yesterday. PMID- 7024536 TI - [Non-surgical drainage of the bile ducts: a report on 15 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Poor results were obtained in 8 out of 15 patients after drainage of the bile ducts during the terminal stages of obstructive jaundice or following local postoperative complications, lack of response was due either to the severity and the hilar localization of the lesion, or to existing hepatic or renal insufficiency. Those patients who relapsed after bile duct surgery were all improved after drainage. PMID- 7024537 TI - [Antoine Beclere Conference 1980. Coronary angiography: yesterday, today, tomorrow]. PMID- 7024538 TI - Analysis of the LH surges induced by mating and LH-RH in the vole, Microtus agrestis. AB - Female voles mated with a male and experiencing a single ejaculatory series exhibited a rapid and marked elevation of plasma LH levels. The profile of the LH surge had a broad peak 20-40 min after mating. Pentobarbitone sodium administered immediately after mating did not affect the magnitude of the surge. The LH response to exogenous LH-RH ws not affected by the state of receptivity of the female or by gonadectomy. There was no evidence of any priming effect of 25 ng LH RH on the pituitary response to a second injection of LH-RH 20 or 60 min later. These results are consistent with the primary cause of the LH surge in the reflexly ovulating vole being a rapid secretion of LH-RH. PMID- 7024539 TI - Chronic ethanol ingestion enhances GnRH-stimulated LH responses of castrated male dogs. AB - Dogs were given no ethanol, 1.28 g ethanol/kg and 1.92 g ethanol/kg daily for 4 weeks immediately after castration. Plasma LH concentrations, basal and in response to 100 micrograms GnRH, were measured before and at 2 and 4 weeks after castration. Basal LH levels after castration increased significantly (P less than 0.005) within each group but were not significantly different between groups. GnRH-stimulated LH responses were similar before and at 23 weeks after castration, but at 4 weeks the dogs given 1.92 g ethanol/kg had a significantly (P less than 0.05) greater response than did the control dogs. It is concluded that daily ethanol ingestion in the amounts employed in this study does not impair hypothalamic--pituitary function in male dogs. PMID- 7024540 TI - A Festschrift. Charles H. Hendricks, M.D. PMID- 7024541 TI - The story of the spiral arteries. PMID- 7024542 TI - Bacterial contamination of warm carcase surfaces: the relation of total aerobic and coliform counts to the recovery of Escherichia coli I. AB - By an indirect contact method, the total numbers of aerobic and coliform bacteria and of Escherichia coli I per cm2 on the surfaces of warm carcases of 498 cattle, 426 sheep and 499 pigs were established. Total and E. coli I counts were classified in geometric progression, the classifications being used to monitor levels of contamination. The highest levels were found on pigs, E coli I was frequently isolated from pig surfaces and only sporadically from sheep and cattle. The recovery of E coli I was related to the overall extent of bacterial contamination. Levels of contamination and the prevalence of E. coli I are illustrated by bar-graph arrangements. PMID- 7024543 TI - A safety trial with rafoxanide in sheep. AB - Six groups of 6 lambs each were treated orally with rafoxanide at dosages ranging from 0 to 37,5 mg/kg live mass in multiples of 7,5 mg/kg. The lambs were slaughtered 27 to 31 d after treatment for post mortem examination. No clinical, ophthalmological or pathological changes attributable to treatment were detected in any of the lambs. Possible differential diagnoses and predisposing factors for rafoxanide toxicity are discussed. It is suggested that plasma-rafoxanide assay be used as a diagnostic tool. PMID- 7024544 TI - Ethical problems in the management of some severely handicapped children. AB - This paper examines some of the arguments advanced and acted upon by doctors concerned in decisions about whether severely handicapped patients should live or die. It criticises the view that 'selective treatment' is morally preferable to infanticide and shows how the standard arguments advanced for this preference fail to sustain it. It argues that the self-deception, which is sometimes cited as a sign of humanity in these cases, and which is implicit in the term 'selective treatment' is more dangerous than is the remote chance of brutalisation which is often cited as the danger of active euthanasia. PMID- 7024545 TI - Recurrence rates for neural tube defects and vitamin supplementation. PMID- 7024546 TI - A method for studying the skeleton of human fetuses. PMID- 7024547 TI - Tetraploidy in a liveborn infant with spina bifida and other anomalies. AB - Although tetraploidy of human chromosomes (92,XXYY) has been described frequently in abortuses, only one example in a liveborn infant has previously been described. A second malformed infant with a complete tetraploid chromosome complement, who lived for 15 days, is reported. In addition to many of the malformations described in the first case, this infant also had a sacral myelomeningocele and skeletal anomalies. The probable origin of the tetraploidy was a failure of cytoplasmic cleavage at the first mitotic division of the fertilised ovum. PMID- 7024548 TI - Poland-Mobius syndrome. AB - A patient with stigmata of both the Mobius syndrome and the Poland syndrome is presented. This is now the twelfth well-documented patient with a combination of the two syndromes. The association of the Poland syndrome and the Mobius syndrome occurs with sufficient frequency that the combination probably represents a formal genesis malformation syndrome of unknown aetiology that should be designated the Poland-Mobius syndrome. PMID- 7024549 TI - Graduate medical education: proposals for the Eighties. PMID- 7024550 TI - Surgical diathermy - a review. PMID- 7024551 TI - Microcomputers in clinical psychology - a personal view. PMID- 7024553 TI - The conquest of yellow fever: the Rockefeller Foundation. PMID- 7024552 TI - Electrophysiology of phagocytic membranes: induction of slow membrane hyperpolarizations in macrophages and macrophage polykaryons by intracellular calcium injection. PMID- 7024554 TI - Mapping of transcription units in the bacteriophage T4 tRNA gene cluster. PMID- 7024555 TI - The birA gene of Escherichia coli encodes a biotin holoenzyme synthetase. PMID- 7024556 TI - Structure of a triclinic ternary complex of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase at 2.9 A resolution. PMID- 7024557 TI - Adsorption complex of filamentous fd virus. PMID- 7024559 TI - Cardiac fibronectin: developmental distribution and quantitative comparison of possible sites of synthesis. PMID- 7024558 TI - Age-related alterations in cardiac protein turnover. PMID- 7024560 TI - Harold C. Urey 1893-1981. PMID- 7024561 TI - Severe Escherichia coli septicemia mimicking necrotizing enterocolitis. AB - Enteropathogenic and nonenteropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli have been impicated as causative agents in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The case presented here illustrates an example of fulminant E coli infection in an infant who manifested signs and symptoms of NEC without developing bowel damage. PMID- 7024562 TI - [Mutagenicity tests on mequitazine (author's transl)]. AB - Microbial backward mutation test, Ames Salmonella/microsome plate assay, on six bacterial strains (Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, 100, 1535, 1537, 1538 and E. coli WP 2uvrA) and micronucleus test in mice were carried out to detect mutagenic activity of mequitazine. Mequitazine caused no increases of revertants at doses from 1 to 1000 microgram/plate in every bacterial strains irrespective of metabolic activation. Similarly, mequitazine induced no significant increases of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mice over the control level at doses from 0.12 (clinical dose) to 48 mg/kg (approx. LD 50). From above results, we concluded that mequitazine has no mutagenic activity per se. PMID- 7024563 TI - The bequests of Moncrief and Moyer: an appraisal of topical therapy of burns- 1981 American Burn Association Presidential Address. PMID- 7024564 TI - Degloving injuries of the extremities and torso. AB - Degloving injuries of the extremities and torso occur with relative frequency and are associated with a high morbidity and mortality. The common aim of all surgical approaches is to reestablish skin coverage over the injured area, but therapies differ in both technique and results. This survey evaluates the management and results of 21 patients sustaining degloving injury of at least 2/3 the circumference of the torso or an extremity. Initial surgical techniques which employ application of the skin as a full- or split-thickness graft were contrasted with those in which salvage of the entire flap with its subcutaneous tissue was attempted. The results suggest that immediate use of the degloved skin as a full-or split-thickness skin graft gives the most satisfactory coverage to the denuded areas. Other important features in management include frequent observation and immobilization of the extremity postoperatively, and use of mesh grafts when necessary to cover large areas. Recent emphasis on the blood supply of the skin underscores the importance of its circulation as the determinant of flap survival. Daily observation until the flap becomes fixed is mandatory. Primary reattachment of the full-or split-thickness flap by suture or use of compression dressings without grafting is unsuccessful and should be abandoned as an acceptable approach to this problem. PMID- 7024565 TI - Open wounds of the scalp: an account of methods of repair. AB - Scalp wounds attended by loss of substance are commonly managed either by direct skin grafting or a large transposition flap of adjacent scalp and skin grafting of the donor site defect. Either of these methods has all of the inherent disadvantages of the results of skin grafting: insensate, glabrous surface devoid of hair, recurrent ulceration after minor trauma, and, finally, abnormal appearance. In the past 5 years 23 patients at Emory Affiliated Hospitals have undergone a procedure whereby all existing scalp has been mobilized by fashioning arterialized flaps and the scalp reconstructed with normal hairbearing skin. Multiple relaxing incisions in the galea are requisite to the success of the method. An underlying defect in the bony calvaria can be reconstructed at a second stage by multiple split rib grafts. PMID- 7024566 TI - Pathogenesis and detection of aminoglycoside ototoxicity. AB - Aminoglycoside antibiotics are widely prescribed in the treatment of serious gram negative sepsis. The more recently developed members of this group, although purporting to be less ototoxic, are also capable of producing inner ear damage in sufficiently high doses. This paper reviews the morphological, histochemical, and electrophysiological evidence concerning the mode of action of aminoglycosides on the auditory and vestibular systems and discusses the available methods for the detection of possible clinical ototoxicity. Guidelines are proposed to assist the otolaryngologist when advising about the prevention of ototoxicity and the management of patients with established auditory or vestibular dysfunction. PMID- 7024567 TI - A freeze-substitution and freeze-fracture study of bacterial spore structures. PMID- 7024568 TI - Evaluation of anterior extravesical ureteroneocystostomy in kidney transplantation. AB - We evaluated the anterior extravesical ureteroneocystostomy technique in 184 consecutive renal transplants done in 2 consecutive calendar years. Complications included 5 cases of ureteral and 1 of pelvic necrosis, and 2 of ureteral obstruction, with a ureteral complication rate of less than 4 per cent. All cases of pelvic or ureteral necrosis except 1 were seen in cadaver donor kidneys that were imported from other centers. No bladder complications were seen. Pelvioureteral obstruction, presumably of congenital origin in the cadaver donor, was discovered in the kidney after transplantation in 2 cases and was corrected successfully by pyeloureterostomy to the native ureter. The extraordinary simplicity of this technique, coupled with improvement in the complication rate, makes it our procedure of choice. PMID- 7024569 TI - The value of ultrasonic scanning in the differentiation of acute post-transplant renal failure. AB - In 43 renal transplant patients studied by ultrasonography there were 32 episodes of acute rejection and 17 of acute tubular necrosis. The size of the kidney increased in all cases. However, in 75 per cent of the patients with acute rejection the central echoes of the renal sinus increased conspicuously, while in 77 per cent of those with acute tubular necrosis the echogenicity of the central sinusal complex decreased. These findings may be expressions of different pathological lesions at the renal sinus level in patients with acute rejection and acute tubular necrosis, which would modify the acoustic interphase. Therefore, we have found panniculitis, vasculitis, thrombosis and inflammatory cellular infiltration of the urinary collecting systems to be significant in patients with acute rejection but not in those with acute tubular necrosis. Ultrasonography can be an adjuvant instrument for the sometimes difficult differential diagnosis between acute tubular necrosis and acute rejection immediately after transplantation, and also for the diagnosis of acute rejection whenever it appears. PMID- 7024570 TI - Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the genitourinary organs. AB - We report on 14 patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the genitourinary organs treated with combined modality therapy. Six patients with paratesticular lesions are free of tumor 7 to 72 months (mean 44) after diagnosis, while 6 of 8 with pelvic lesions are free of tumor 18 to 132 months (mean 61) following diagnosis. Two patients died of metastases. Over-all, 2-year survival free of relapse was obtained in 9 of 11 patients (81 per cent). Of 4 patients with pelvic lesions who were treated with primary radiation-chemotherapy without exenteration 3 were managed successfully but 1 required urinary diversion for vesical fibrosis. Current concepts in the management of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma are discussed. PMID- 7024571 TI - Antibody coating of bacteria persisting in a ureteral stump 10 years after nephrectomy. PMID- 7024572 TI - Howard Rusk, MD: an equal chance. PMID- 7024573 TI - Victor Adler. PMID- 7024574 TI - Cutaneous necrosis caused by systemically administered heparin. AB - Two cases of cutaneous necrosis occurred that were caused by intravenous administration of porcine heparin for deep venous thrombophlebitis. The lesions grossly resembled those of warfarin sodium-induced skin necrosis. However, histologically, no fibrin thrombi were noted in capillaries and vessels, a characteristic finding in warfarin necrosis. There was no evidence of vasculitis in the lesions. Both patients subsequently received warfarin without complications. PMID- 7024575 TI - Disulfiram doesn't always prevent drinking. PMID- 7024576 TI - From the NIH: NIAID study identifies factors that affect renal transportation outcome. PMID- 7024578 TI - Hesy Ra. PMID- 7024577 TI - A president's assassination. PMID- 7024579 TI - Li Tse-Hsu (Lin Ze-xu). PMID- 7024580 TI - Treatment of chancroid. Comparison of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim with recommended therapies. AB - Thirty-five men with chancroid were randomly treated with oral sulfisoxazole, sulfisoxazole and tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, or intramuscular streptomycin. The highest rate of cures were obtained in 13 of 13 patients treated with streptomycin and in ten of ten patients treated with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Only seven of nine patients treated with sulfisoxazole and five of eight treated with sulfisoxazole and tetracycline were cured. We conclude that the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination is as efficacious as streptomycin and probably superior to sulfisoxazole and tetracycline in the treatment of chancroid. PMID- 7024581 TI - Fourth annual Jonathan E. Rhoads Lecture. PMID- 7024582 TI - [Spirochetes. I. Metabolism and physiology]. PMID- 7024583 TI - [Changes in delta-aminolevulinate(ALA) synthetase and ALA dehydrase activities in liver and spleen of endotoxin-poisoned mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024584 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in autoimmune bullous diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024585 TI - [The effect of keratinase on human epidermis, especially on stratum corneum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024586 TI - [Immunofluorescent studies of the skin and kidney in anaphylactoid purpura (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024587 TI - Effect of cholesterol, lecithin and nucleotides on the in vitro growth of Mycobacterium lepraemurium. PMID- 7024588 TI - Low density microfilaremia of Wuchereria bancrofti infections in pre- and post treatment phases in the Philippines. PMID- 7024589 TI - Periodicity of microfilariae of human filariasis analysed by a trigonometric method (Aikat and Das). AB - The microfilarial periodicity of human filariae was characterized statistically by fitting the observed change of microfilaria (mf) counts to the formula of a simple harmonic wave using two parameters, the peak hour (K) and periodicity index (D) (Sasa & Tanaka, 1972, 1974). Later Aikat and Das (1976) proposed a simple calculation method using trigonometry (A-D method) to determine the peak hour (K) and periodicity index (P). All data of microfilarial periodicity analysed previously by the method of Sasa and Tanaka (S-T method) were calculated again by the A-D method in the present study to evaluate the latter method. The results of calculations showed that P was not proportional to D and the ratios of P/D were mostly smaller than expected, especially when P or D was small in less periodic forms. The peak hour calculated by the A-D method did not differ much from that calculated by the S-T method. Goodness of fit was improved slightly by the A-K method in two thirds of analysed data. The classification of human filariae in respect of the type of periodicity was, however, changed little by the results calculated by the A-D method. PMID- 7024590 TI - [Basic and clinical evaluation of 99mTc-labeled hepatobiliary RN scanning agents. Part 2. Clinical evaluation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024591 TI - [Development of enzyme immunoassay for pancreatic oncofetal antigen (POA) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024592 TI - [A study of correlation between severity and lymphocyte autoantibody in the cases of ulcerative colitis using fluorescence activated cell sorter (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024593 TI - [Insulin responses and its hepatic extraction with intravenous glucose and glucagon stimulation in obstructive jaundice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024594 TI - [Reconstruction study of the structural plan of the human pancreas -- vascular architecture and its relation to Langerhans islets and lobules (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024595 TI - [Mutagenic activities of the pyrolysis products of vegetables and soy sauce (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024596 TI - [Toxicology of acrylonitrile (AN) (author's transl)]. AB - Acrylonitrile (AN, CH2 = CH CN), a highly reactive compound having an active vinyl and cyanide group, has been widely used in various synthetic chemical industries. AN is known to produce toxic actions to human beings as well as experimental animals by inhalation and cutaneous contact. Its oral LD50 in animals are between 50 mg (for mouse) and 100 mg/kg (for rat, guinea pig, rabbit), and IC50 in 4 hours are between 110-140 ppm for mouse and dog, and 400 500 ppm for guinea pig. Although the mechanism of action of AN has not been completely understood, the action of both cyanide which is liberated in the organism and AN molecules themselves is considered to play some roles. Recent studies have shown that AN also produces chronic toxicity to human beings and experimental animals, and mutagenicity to microorganisms. In the U.S.A. experimental studies have shown an increased incidence of tumor in various organs after long-term administration of AN in rats. A preliminary report on an epidemiologic study conducted in the U.S.A. indicated excess cancer incidence and cancer mortality among workers exposed to AN. Further investigations will be needed to elucidate the carcinogenicity of the compound. PMID- 7024597 TI - Effects of n-hexane, methyl n-butyl ketone, and 2,5-hexane-dione on the excitability of sweat glands in rats to mecholyl. PMID- 7024598 TI - [A modified FEP (free erythrocyte protoporphyrin) test (author's transl)]. AB - In order to simplify FEP (free erythrocyte protoporphyrin) test, we studied on the Piomelli's method, specially on the preparation of standard solution and on the role of celite-saline. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMFA) was used as the solvent of protoporphyrin standard (protoporphyrin IX dimethylester, Sigma Chemical Co.). The stock solution was stable for over 6 months at 4 degrees C. To examine the recovery and extraction efficiency, the stock solution (PP) diluted with DMFA was also added to blood. Ten microliter of DMFA added to 40 microliter blood had no effect on the FEP extraction. In the absence or at low concentrations of protein components, fluorescence intensity of added protoporphyrin extremely decreased in the extract with celite-saline. It seems to be due to the adsorption of protoporphyrin to celite. In the presence of proteins, there was no difference between fluorescence intensity of protoporphyrin with celite-saline dilution extraction and that with distilled water dilution extraction. The FEP levels in 128 lead workers (blood lead levels, 4.9-80.8 micrograms/100 g) with celite saline extraction were almost the same as with distilled water dilution extraction. Thus celite-saline dilution was able to be displaced by the distilled water dilution, and the extraction procedure was slightly simplified. With our method, the average recovery was 93% and extraction efficiency was 80-90%. PMID- 7024599 TI - [Medical record information system]. PMID- 7024600 TI - [The development of glucose sensor sensing hydrogen peroxide by polarographic electrode with immobilized glucose oxidase -- Application to the artificial endocrine pancreas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024601 TI - [Microcirculation and substance exchange. Methods and basic information. (5) Capillary permeability of water-soluble substances]. PMID- 7024602 TI - [Effect of temperature on the pressure volume curve and edema formation during positive pressure ventilation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024603 TI - [Clinical evaluation of Poloxamer 188 (extraocorpol) as a prophylactic for hemolysis in excorporeal circulation by double-blind method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024604 TI - [Studies on unexplained renal hematuria. 1. Clinical studies of peripheral blood examination and fibrinolytic enzyme systems in patients with various types of renal hematuria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024605 TI - [Studies on unexplained renal hematuria. II. Experimental studies on changes in fibrinolytic enzyme systems of dogs due to renal venous congestion and ischemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024606 TI - [Anti-bacterial defense mechanism of the urinary bladder: roles of polymorphonuclear leukocytes within the bladder wall (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024607 TI - Lymphocyte differentiation: an essential basis for the comprehension of lymphoid neoplasia. PMID- 7024608 TI - Synthesis of immunoreactive insulin in vitro by aplastic mammary carcinoma preconditioned in diabetic mice. PMID- 7024609 TI - Prevalences of various bioactive Escherichia coli strains isolated from clinical materials in Tokyo area in 1978. PMID- 7024610 TI - The stability of R plasmids in Vibrio cholerae. PMID- 7024611 TI - Prevalences of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from clinical materials in Tokyo area and their conjugative R plasmids in 1978. PMID- 7024612 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of anti-arrhythmia agents. I. Quinidine, procainamide and disopyramide]. PMID- 7024613 TI - [Primary hyperaldosteronism-current theories]. PMID- 7024614 TI - [Structural bases for intracellular calcium regulation in vascular smooth muscle cells (the role of paraplasmalemma formations)]. PMID- 7024615 TI - [Restructuring of the endocrine function of the kidney in hypertension]. AB - The author studied the renin-angiotensin, and kallikrein-kinin systems and renal prostaglandins in patients with different stages of hypertension. The activity of plasma renin and the content to PG in the peripheral blood and the blood from the renal veins, PGE2 excretion, PGG2 and kallikrein in the urine have been studied. Overloads have been used, directed at the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. It is concluded that a functional rearrangement of the endocrine renal function exists in patients with the hypertensive disease, which is related to the development of defects in the control of one series of the humoral systems and to the compensatory changes in the others. The increase of extracellular volume is the reason of the functional endocrine changes in the kidney, which is shown by the results of studies after salt overloads. PMID- 7024616 TI - [Effect of salt on the functional state of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in healthy persons and hypertensives]. AB - A total of 16 normal subjects and 30 patients with IB (labile hypertension) and IIB (stable hypertension) stages of essential hypertension during excessive salt intake as well as 13 normal persons and 43 patients at the labile and stable stages of essential hypertension on usual salt diet were examined. Renin activity, plasma aldosterone and cortisol levels were studied using radioimmunoassay in the basal conditions and 1 and 5 hours later after intravenous administration of 5% saline solution (3,6-3,8 mu mole of sodium (1 kg body mass). It was demonstrated that the prolonged excessive intake of sodium hydrochloride resulted in the alteration of the functional state of the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system even in the normal persons. The above alterations are characterized by the loss of the adequate response of the renin-angiotensin system and the adrenal cortex to the increased sodium concentration, and extracellular fluid volume in the body, as well as by the separation of the functions of these two humoral systems. PMID- 7024617 TI - [Pathogenetic importance of disturbed cell membrane function in hypertension]. PMID- 7024618 TI - [Complex clinical and morphofunctional study of vasorenal hypertension]. AB - Hemodynamics, elastic characteristics of the greater arteries and blood renin activity were studied at the different stages of the disease in 23 patients with renovascular hypertension, caused by unilateral stenosis of the renal arteries. In 14 cases electron microscopy of the bioptic specimens of the impaired kidney was performed. It was shown that the peripheral plasma renin activity plays the leading role in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in the disease duration up to 3 years. The irreversible changes of the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus and the depression of their renin synthesizing function occur with progressing hypertension, and the secondary pressor mechanisms and factors prevail in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The loss of the arterial elastic properties as well as the depression of the renal hypotensive function may be one of the factors determining the failure of surgery at the late stages of the disease. PMID- 7024619 TI - [60th anniversary of the journal "Klinicheskaia Khirurgiia"]. PMID- 7024620 TI - [Using permanent magnets in pediatric surgery]. PMID- 7024621 TI - [Criteria of "colonization resistance" and perspectives in antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 7024622 TI - [Microcirculatory changes in trauma]. PMID- 7024623 TI - [Our surgical treatment experience with 154 postoperative abdominal hernias using a Bulgarian antimicrobial polyamide fabric]. PMID- 7024624 TI - [Surgical treatment results in complicated forms of pancreatitis]. PMID- 7024625 TI - Application of an improved methodology to demonstrate bacterial adherence during the menstrual cycle. AB - We studied bacterial adherence to uroepithelial cells of female patients in relation to the menstrual cycle. We determined the number of bacteria demonstrable on native cells and the number of adhering bacteria after incubation with E. coli. Free bacteria and uroepithelial cells with adhering bacteria were optimally separated by differential centrifugation using sodium metrizoate (9.6%) and dextran (5.6%) (Lymphoprep). Thus, contamination of the cell preparation by free (non-adhering) bacteria was avoided and results were well reproducible. A median of five bacteria/cell (range 0-19) was observed for uroepithelial cells obtained from urine of female patients. Such bacteria were mostly rods. After in vitro incubation with E. coli cultures, a median of 33 bacteria/cell (range 17 54) was counted. Our improved methodology failed to demonstrate a relationship between bacterial adhesion and the menstrual cycle. PMID- 7024626 TI - Diagnostic haemoperfusion for rapid detection of bacteremia. First clinical results of a comparison with the conventional blood culture technique. AB - The new method of diagnostic haemoperfusion was compared with the conventional blood culture technique in 25 patients with suspected septicaemia. The chance of obtaining a positive result proved to be clearly greater than that by conventional techniques (16:9). Furthermore, in the case of a positive result with the haemoperfusion technique both the bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivities were available earlier than was previously possible. The procedure of diagnostic haemoperfusion is safe and carries a minimal risk of complications for the patient. PMID- 7024627 TI - [On the 120th anniversary of the birth of Feofil Gavrilovich Ianovskii: 1860 1928. "Approaches to the scientific research in the clinic"]. PMID- 7024628 TI - [Clinical variants of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7024629 TI - [Immunomorphology of the stomach]. PMID- 7024630 TI - [Early diagnosis and therapy of Friedlander's pneumonia]. PMID- 7024631 TI - Immunoglobulin deposition in the microvasculature of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. AB - Diabetic patients are reported to develop deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in the microcirculation of the skeletal muscle, skin, pancreas, and kidney. In the diabetic rat, however, deposits of these plasma proteins had been previously noticed only in the kidney. We examined the microvasculature of kidney, quadriceps femorus muscle, pancreas, and tail of rats made diabetic by streptozotocin. Two months after the onset of diabetes, all structures examined by light microscopy were normal except for trace thickening of glomerular mesangial zones and basement membranes of skeletal muscle microvasculature. At 4 months, increase in periodic acid-Schiff-positive material was detected only in the glomeruli and in the microvasculature of the quadriceps muscle. Immunofluorescent studies performed on the diabetic rat at 2 and 4 months demonstrated prominent deposits of IgG in the microvessels of the quadriceps muscle, pancreas, tail, and glomeruli. C3 was limited primarily to skeletal muscle and cutaneous tail vessels of the 4-month diabetic animals. No consistent pattern of albumin deposition was detected in either the diabetic or the control group. We conclude that the rat made diabetic by streptozotocin develops immunoglobulins and complement within microvasculature of the kidney, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and tail. PMID- 7024632 TI - Membranous nephropathy in the cat and dog: a renal biopsy and follow-up study of sixteen cases. AB - A morphologic study of biopsy specimens from 16 cases of membranous nephropathy in the cat (11 cases) and dog (five cases) was carried out using conventional light microscopy, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Depending on the degree of membranous change of the capillary loops and glomerular scarring, each case was graded "mild," "moderately severe," or "advanced." Clinically, most cases were presented showing the nephrotic syndrome, although two cases were presented in chronic renal failure. Most cases were followed through to necropsy after an interval ranging between 2 days and 3 years. In some cases, repeated biopsies were taken during this period. PMID- 7024633 TI - A report on the biochemical analysis of Mycobacterium W. AB - A mycobacterial strain known as Mycobacterial strain W was analysed for its growth characteristics and biochemical traits. This strain was found to be a rapid grower, with luxurient growth on Lowenstein-Jensen medium, Dubos agar, Middlebrook's agar and Sauton's medium. Colonies were smooth, convex and nonpigmented. Some of the colonies which appeared rough were similar to smooth colonies at least in biochemical characteristics. This organism was tolerant to wide range of temperatures and to chemical substances like thiophene - carboxylic acid hydrazide, isoniazid, sodium chloride but not to bile salts. It was negative for niacin production, for various amidases, urease production, 3 day arylsulfatase test and also for Tween 80 hydrolysis. On the other hand this strain was found to be positive for semiquantitative catalase, heat resistant catalase, nitrate reduction, sodium salicylate degradation, tellurite reduction, 14 day arylsulfatase test and fermentation of fructose. This organism could utilize sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite as sources of nitrogen but didn't exhibit any utilization of fructose, arabinose as only sources of carbon. Significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7024634 TI - Discharge of M. leprae in milk of leprosy patients. AB - A quantitative estimation of discharge of M. leprae in the milk of 39 leprosy female patients has been made. Twelve of the 39 patients (10 LL/BL and 1 each of T/BT and BB) showed bacilli in their milk. Only one of these patients was on treatment. AFB count in 10 ml of milk was found to range from 4.3 X 10(4) to 4.3 X 10(5). Significance of discharge of such a large number of bacilli in breast milk is discussed. PMID- 7024635 TI - Fourth annual report of the UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. PMID- 7024636 TI - The sputum wet prep. PMID- 7024637 TI - James Marion Sims, M.D. (1813-1883). PMID- 7024638 TI - EMIT cannabinoid assay: confirmation by RIA and GC/MS. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the qualitative results obtained by the EMIT Cannabinoid Assay with RIA and two different GC/MS techniques in the analysis of urine specimens for evidence of marijuana use. Reliability of the enzyme immunoassay was assessed from studies on accuracy, precision, and recovery. Precision studies with calibration standards and controls yielded coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 1.0 to 2.8% for assay response rates and approximately 30% in terms of concentration units, illustrating the semi quantitative nature of the assay. A preliminary recovery study verified that the assay could discriminate effectively between urines apparently devoid of cannabinoids and those spiked at the detection limit, 50 ng/mL. MOst samples determined as positive by the enzyme immunoassay yielded the same qualitative results when analyzed by RIA or GC/MS, as well as by EMIT in an independent facility. The confirmatory studies indicated that for routine screening application, the heterogeneity of the EMIT cannabinoid antibody may provide a distinct advantage and that the EMIT assay may be more sensitive than the other methods in detecting cannabinoid metabolites. Analysis of 496 urine samples using the EMIT Cannabinoid Assay suggested at least a casual use of marijuana by approximately 25% of the university student population studied. PMID- 7024639 TI - An evaluation of EMIT-dau Benzodiazepine Metabolite Assay for urine drug screening. AB - Six hundred postmortem and emergency room urine analysis for benzodiazepines were performed by both the "EMIT-dau Benzodiazepine Metabolite Assay" (EMIT) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Benzodiazepine drugs or metabolites were detected in 90 urines by TLC and 84 urines by EMIT. Of th six apparent false negative EMIT analysis, three were due to high edogeneous lysozyme activity and three were due to the greater sensitivity of TLC (0.1 mg/L) versus EMIT (0.5 mg/L). The EMIT assay sensitivity for four benzodiazepine drugs and five of their major uninary metabolites was determined. Benzodiazepines unsubstituted at the N-1 position displayed the greatest sensitivity by EMIT assay, 0.5 mg/L. Twenty-six "nonbenzodiazepine" drugs or drug metabolites commonly encountered in urine drug screening, failed to produce significant false positive or false negative results with the EMIT benzodiazepine assay. PMID- 7024640 TI - Auditory processing in aging listeners. AB - Many aspects of auditory processing in aging listeners are poorly understood. Methodological problems encountered with the aging population, ranging from ear canal collapse to a conservative criterion, have rarely been considered in past research. The relation between pure-tone thresholds and other aspects of auditory functions is unclear. There have been few studies of frequency and temporal analysis in aging listeners. There is disagreement on the effect of age on speech discrimination abilities in various listening conditions, and the cause of speech perception problems in aging listeners has not been adequately investigated. Areas of importance for clinical consideration and auditory research with aging listeners are discussed. PMID- 7024641 TI - Mechanics of blood flow. AB - The historical development of the mechanics of blood flow can be traced from ancient times, to Leonardo da Vinci and Leonhard Euler and up to the present times with increasing biological knowledge and mathematical analysis. In the last two decades, quantitative and numerical methods have steadily given more complete and precise understanding. In the arterial system wave propagation computations based on nonlinear one-dimensional modeling have given the best representation of pulse wave propagation. In the veins, the theory of unsteady flow in collapsible tubes has recently been extensively developed. In the last decade, progress has been made in describing the blood flow at junctions, through stenoses, in bends and in capillary blood vessels. The rheological behavior of individual red blood cells has been explored. A working model consists of an elastic membrane filled with viscous fluid. This model forms a basis for understanding the viscous and viscoelastic behavior of blood. PMID- 7024642 TI - Reflections on the history of heat and mass transfer in bioengineering. PMID- 7024643 TI - Modifications of glomerular fibrinolysis in human renal graft rejection. PMID- 7024644 TI - NIH Consensus Development Conference summary: Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer. PMID- 7024645 TI - Diabetes Clinical Care Conference: survival techniques in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7024646 TI - Alcoholism and child abuse. A review. PMID- 7024647 TI - Ethanol consumption by Syrian golden hamsters. Food intake and blood ethanol levels. PMID- 7024648 TI - Successful orthotopic canine heart transplantation after 24 hours of in vitro preservation. AB - A protocol was developed to provide continuous, hypothermic, low-pressure perfusion for 24 hours' preservation of the isolated canine heart prior to orthotopic transplantation. Donor cardiectomy included coronary vasodilatation with diltiazem, potassium arrest, and rapid cooling of the heart. The graft was perfused at a pressure of 18 to 22 cm H2O and at an average flow of 0.743 cc/min/gm of tissue. The septal temperature was 5 degrees to 7 degrees C and perfusate pH was 7.25 to 7.4. Two groups of mongrel dogs were studied after orthotopic transplantation: Group I (n = 15) received hearts perfused for 24 hours. Group II (n = 9) received hearts removed by the same cardiectomy technique, but transplanted immediately. All grafts were able to support the recipient circulation after cardiopulmonary bypass. These was no significant difference in survival or in graft function when hemodynamic studies were done in five animals of each group, between 5 and 10 days after operation. We conclude that a reliable and reproducible method of 24 hours' in vitro perfusion of the canine heart has been obtained and should be applicable in clinical cardiac transplantation when prolonged periods of preservation are required. PMID- 7024650 TI - [Overdenture]. PMID- 7024649 TI - [Treatment plan for prosthesis---basic planning and design for partial denture]. PMID- 7024651 TI - A simple device for making a standard inverted phase-contrast microscope movable. AB - A simple, useful and inexpensive device was designed and tested which allowed, under visual control at high magnification, large areas of a culture to be scanned without removing the microelectrodes inserted into remote parts of the nervous tissue. Such a device consisted of making removable, over several millimeters, an inverted phase-contrast microscope without disrupting either the preparation or the microelectrodes. This was realized by fixing the stage to a rigid metallic framework. At the same time, the optic portion of the microscope could slide smoothly on a base consisting of a pair of mirrors separated by greased, precision ball-bearings. All the focusing and scanning movements were achieved by the original rack and pinion controls of the microscope. PMID- 7024652 TI - A simple and inexpensive method for 3-dimensional visualization of neurons reconstructed from serial sections. AB - Neurons stained by the intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase or fluorescent dyes are often reconstructed from serial sections as a projection onto a 2-dimensional plane, with consequent loss of depth information. We have developed a simple, rapid and inexpensive method that retains depth information and permits visualization of neuronal structure in 3 dimensions, either as stereo pairs of red-green anaglyph drawings. The procedure does not require computer assistance and can be accomplished simply with pencil and paper, making it suitable for routine laboratory use. The small effort required in drawing stereo reconstructions is more than compensated for by the enhanced accuracy and understanding or morphology provided. PMID- 7024653 TI - The University of Vienna Medical School. PMID- 7024654 TI - The University of Maryland School of Medicine, 1807-1920. PMID- 7024655 TI - The thyroid nodule. PMID- 7024656 TI - Length of stay review: methodology and rationale. PMID- 7024657 TI - One minute with diabetes. PMID- 7024658 TI - Tuberculosis morbidity among foreign-born and american-born residents of Maryland: a comparative study. PMID- 7024659 TI - Napoleonic medicine. PMID- 7024660 TI - Multihormonal control of enzyme clusters in rat liver ontogenesis. II. Role of glucocorticosteroid and thyroid hormone and of glucagon and insulin. AB - The role of glucocorticosteroid and thyroid hormone and of glucagon and insulin in the pre- and postnatal developmental formation of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, ornithine transcarbamoylase, arginase, glutamate dehydrogenase, tyrosine aminotransferase, glucose-6-phosphatase, hexokinase and glucokinase activities in rat liver was investigated. Glucocorticosteroids and a low insulin/glucagon ratio always stimulate formation of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, ornithine transcarbamoylase, arginase, glutamate dehydrogenase, tyrosine aminotransferase and glucose-6-phosphatase, while glucocorticosteroids and a high insulin/glucagon ratio stimulate formation of glucokinase. Thyroid hormone stimulates the formation of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, arginase and tyrosine aminotransferase only before birth, whereas it stimulates the formation of glutamate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphatase both before and after birth. Ornithine transcarbamoylase activity is depressed after thyroid-hormone treatment before and after birth. DNA content is always decreased by glucocorticosteroids and increased by thyroid hormone. The effect of these hormones on hexokinase is complex, probably due to different responses of the constitutive isozymes. With the exception of the effects of thyroid hormone on carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, arginase and tyrosine aminotransferase before birth, which may be indirect, the responses of enzyme activities and DNA content to treatment with glucocorticosteroid hormones, glucagon, insulin and thyroid hormone are qualitatively the same in fetuses, neonates, sucklings, weanlings and adults. Thus, the developmental profiles of the enzyme clusters reflect the changing levels of the relevant hormones. The enzymes that are stimulated by glucocorticosteroids and the insulin/glucagon ratio show increases in enzyme activity perinatally and around weaning, and relatively low activities in between, while those enzymes that are additionally stimulated by thyroid hormone differ in exhibiting relatively high activities between birth and weaning. PMID- 7024661 TI - Monocyte function in ageing humans. AB - Peripheral blood monocytes from hospitalised patients greater than 60 years of age and less than 35 years, and those from healthy normal controls less than 35 years, were tested for a range of functional and physiological properties, comprising chemotaxis under agarose, the ability to phagocytose and kill Candida albicans, adhesion to glass and spreading on glass. No significant difference was found between young and old groups, nor between hospitalized and non-hospitalized groups in respect of any parameter. There was some decline in phagocytosis and in spreading in a very old subgroup (greater than 75 years), but this was not statistically significant. This study showed that phagocytic cell function in the elderly does not decline at the same rate as the specific immune response and thus cannot directly account for the increased incidence of infection in the aged. PMID- 7024662 TI - [Sexual dysfunction and zinc in renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7024663 TI - Prostaglandins, glucose homeostasis, and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7024664 TI - Prostaglandins and the lung. PMID- 7024665 TI - Interrelationships among prostaglandins and vasoactive substances. PMID- 7024666 TI - Prostaglandins, renal function and vascular regulation. PMID- 7024667 TI - Prostaglandins in reproductive processes. PMID- 7024668 TI - [Skin cancer (apropos of a statistical study)]. AB - Statistic data about the incidence of cutaneous carcinoma in the region of Campinas (Sao Paulo). 1174 cutaneous cancers are reviewed. There are no differences between the localizations and distribution of the skin cancer in this regions and another countries with intense sun radiation. The preponderant localizations are the exposed areas, mainly the fronto-facial region. The author emphasizes the practical importance of the correct diagnosis of the lesions seated on the exposed areas of the skin. The convenience of early treatment of a precancer of a carcinogenic dermopathy is emphasized. PMID- 7024669 TI - [Persistent acantholytic dermatosis]. AB - A 43 years old male patient with a pruritic, papular and papulovesicular eruption of 8 years duration is reported. The lesions come in crops (4-5 a year) of variable duration (4 days a 2 months) and are not influenced by treatment except, perhaps, systemic corticotherapy. Histologically there is focal acantholysis of limited extension but often involving the whole thickness of the stratum malpighi. The relationships between the persistent and the transient varieties of Greover's disease are discussed as well as the ones with cutaneous diseases in which focal acantholytic dyskeratosis has been observed. PMID- 7024670 TI - [Becker's nevus associated with a smooth muscle hamartoma]. AB - A new case of Becker's nevus associated with smooth muscle hamartoma is reported. This is the third case reported in the literature. The different associations reported in the Becker's nevus give support to the mesenchymal-epithelial interactions. PMID- 7024671 TI - [Spinocellular epithelioma developing over a lesion of lupus vulgaris]. PMID- 7024672 TI - [Effect of chloroquine in porphyria cutanea tarda]. AB - The treatment of Porphyria Cutaneous Tarda (PCT) has greatly improved by the introduction of low-dose chloroquine. The authors report the results in the treatment of 17 patients presenting PCT. The clinical and biological controls of these patients at the 6th and 12th months of treatment showed the disappearance of clinical signs and the normalization of liver function tests and porphyrin excretion between and 6th and the 12th months of treatment in all the cases. PMID- 7024673 TI - [Eczematide-like purpura (itching purpura--angiodermatitis pruriginosa disseminata)]. AB - Between the group of pigmentary and purpury dermatitis, the eczematoid like purpura is better known for its clinical, histological and defined evolutive characteristics. We reviewed all existent biographies and presented two cases of this unusual afection, both with allergic backgrounds, inflammatory capillary lesions and purpura that began in the region of the malleolus and progressed towards the legs, thighs, pelvic girdle, until the chest. These lesions were essentially pruriginous. The histology did not demonstrate signs of allergic vasculitis. What drew our attention was the presence of red blood cells in the Malpighi stratum mucosa. Due to the scarcity of literature and few cases we were not able to clarify satisfactorily this epidermotrophism of the blood cells. PMID- 7024674 TI - [Folliculitis decalvans]. AB - The author describes the main clinical and pathological aspects of Folliculitis decalvans, rare dermatosis, probably related with Staphylococcus sensibilization of the follicle. Although in some cases Staphylococcus are present in the lesions, the treatment is disappointing. Tetracycline oral and topically, sodium sulfacetamide and fusidic acid are mentioned by Rook. Alopecia is always definitive. PMID- 7024675 TI - [Transfer factor in diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. Experience with one case]. AB - Transfer factor was administered in one case of Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ("DCL") with minimal therapeutical results after two courses of ten doses each. The patient was 34-year-old white man, born in the State of Para --Amazon-- region, goldwasher, his disease started 9 years ago and consisted of disseminated papular and nodular lesions, some of them secondarily ulcerated and more closely clustered over the knees elbows and dorsa of the hands. Physical examination was normal except for the skin lesions and a perforation of the nasal septum. Some intradermal tests (Paracoccidiodin, Lepromin and PPD) were positive while the Montenegro (leishmanin) reaction was negative. Increased levels of IgG and IgM were found; IgA was normal even after the treatment. Transfer Factor was obtained from leishmanin positive and PPD strong reactors and the method of preparation is described. By the end of the first ten-doses course, lesions were reduced to dark atrophic residual macules but the histological sections displayed a surprising amount of parasites, predicting unavoidable relapse. For the second series, as the patient refused to be given Amphotericin B he was treated with hot baths and levamisole was administered in a 150 mg daily dosage and 45 days cycles. The leishmanin intradermal test did not became positive after the treatment and this fact is discussed. PMID- 7024676 TI - [Solitary angiokeratoma]. AB - A case of solitary angiokeratoma is reported, in a 50 years old patient. It occurred in abdominal skin six months prior to consultation. There was history of traumatism preceding the onset of the lesion. Treatment was surgical excision. Histological study confirmed the diagnosis. A bibliographic revision is made, with some considerations on the nature of this lesion. PMID- 7024677 TI - [Dermatitis caused by "Milwaukees"]. AB - The authors report five cases of a non specific clinical eruption in patients who wore "milwaukee". The lesions appeared 20 to 50 days after they begun to use the "milwaukee", in the zones where the plastic contacted their skin. Negative patch test, and microscopical studies of lesions and patch tests, suggested an irritative non allergic dermatitis. PMID- 7024678 TI - [Intradermal tests and epidemiologic survey of South American blastomycosis]. AB - This paper is part of the author's free-teaching theses presented in 1974, in which he has studied 436 persons not carriers of the B.S.A. and other diseases, resident in Campos, Conceicao de Macabu and Quissama (urban and rural zones). Tests were applied in these patients by using standardized antigen of polysaccharide of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis of histoplasmine. The author concluded that there has been existence of the B.S.A.-infection which means what is called "INFEKT". He emphasizes that the epidemiologic researches have important role in the estimation of the incidence of the B.S.A. PMID- 7024679 TI - [Neviform hyperkeratosis of the mammary areola]. AB - A case of neviform hyperkeratosis of the areola is reported. This case may be identified as type III of the Levy-Franckel classification: not associated to other cutaneous alterations. A review of the literature is made. The authors emphasize the importance of the hormonal factors in the development of these lesions. PMID- 7024680 TI - [Pure cutaneous cryptococcosis]. AB - The authors present one case of cutaneous cryptococcosis, which diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologic and mycologic procedures. As there has not been systemic dissemination, this case must be considered uncommon. The lesions healed completely after treatment by amphotericin-B. PMID- 7024681 TI - [Dermatitis caused by ethylene oxide]. AB - A patient with a suspected allergic contact dermatitis produced by ethylene oxide (EO), is described. Epicutaneous tests in the patient and in controls with materials treated with ethylene oxide, and ethylene chlorhydrin supported the allergic mechanism. Chromatography studies of different hospital samples sterilized with EO showed strong evidence of abnormal amounts of irritant substances. PMID- 7024682 TI - [Mibelli's porokeratosis and its linear forms]. PMID- 7024683 TI - [Sezary-Baccaredda syndrome]. AB - One case of Sezary Syndrome is presented and studied from the clinical, histopathological and hematological point of view. Clinically the patient presented besides keratodermia on the palms and a severe pruritus, an erythrodermia of very ostensive redness, like the so-called Hallopeau's red man. On the skin, by histological examination, it was observed an infiltration with some round cells, whose nucleus were hyperchromatic and irregular, as it is to be seen in the Sezary's cells. A lymph node taken from the cervical region did not show any specific infiltrate but only a dermopathic adenopathy. Lymphoid cells of folded nucleus were revealed by the hemogram, quite suggestive of Sezary's lymphoma. In the marrow, the normal cells kept on their regular proportion, but some abnormal and invasive ones stand out with their convoluted nucleus, quite suggestive of Sezary's cells. These typical Sezary's cells have been found in the skin lesions, in the blood and in the marrow. The possible origin--in the skin or in the lymph nodes, but not in the marrow--of such cells is put to a summarized discussion. Finally, the Sezary's Syndrome may be an erythrodermic or leukemic variant of "morbus fungoide". Treatment on the basis of MOPP and CHOP methods with Bleomycin association has been attempted but, so far, the results have not been satisfactory in spite of an 18 month treatment. PMID- 7024684 TI - [Albopapuloid epidermolysis bullosa (Pasini's disease)]. AB - The aim for this communication is one case of the dystrophic Epidermolysis bullosa in its variant just called as "albopapuloid". The patient a male of 25 years, suffers from the disease since the age of 2. His mother and one brother show the same disease. The clinical manifestations began as bulloe on the superior and inferior limbs. The bullae heal with atrophic scars and the eruption is constantly relapsing after subsiding. Besides the bullous eruption there are other lesions persistently coming out as whitish elevations which are elongate as to form numerous streaks on the surface of the skin. Such lesions started at the age of 5 and do not come from the bullae but they are quite independent, and constitute the essential characteristic for the albopapuloid clinical variant. Small miliary epidermal cysts are seen over the scars. Dystrophic changes of the nails with absence of many of them and the toes show the lst phalanges partially absorbed. On histological examination the bullae are subepidermal and contain a fibrin-leukocytic exudate. The albopapuloid lesions reveal keratosis, epithelial atrophy, diffuse and condensed fibrosis in the corium and around the hair follicles. PMID- 7024685 TI - [Enterotoxin production by Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from sick children]. PMID- 7024686 TI - [Toxoplasma gondii: phenomenon of polar fluorescence of trophozoites, its nature and frequency]. PMID- 7024687 TI - [In vitro seroneutralization of rabies virus in Leighton tubes, evaluated by immunofluorescence inhibition]. PMID- 7024688 TI - Use of an autorhythmometric experimental design to achieve individual adjustment of antihypertensive treatment. PMID- 7024689 TI - Developments in drugs enhancing the immune responses. PMID- 7024690 TI - [Significance of ultrasonography in diagnosing complications following renal transplantations (author's transl)]. AB - Routine follow-up examinations by ultrasonography after renal transplantation were performed in 72 patients from December 1978 until March 1980. The aim of these controls was to recognize local complications in the area or surgery in order to differentiate from a rejection reaction in patients with unclear clinical symptoms. 22 out of 72 patients had local complications. 15 out of those 22 were detected by ultrasound in a state without clinical symptoms, which then could be treated by surgical or urological intervention. We therefore believe that routine follow-up examinations after renal transplantation by ultrasound are indicated in order to recognize local complications. Nuclear procedures should be employed if alteration of blood flow or disturbed function of the transplanted kidney are considered. PMID- 7024691 TI - History and heritage of the Veterans Administration Nursing Service 1930-1980. PMID- 7024692 TI - [Diazoxide vs. labetalol: a cross-over comparison of acute effects in hypertensive patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024693 TI - [Yersinia pseudotuberculosis type II causing acute gastroenteritis with skin manifestations and polyarthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024694 TI - [Surface markers of T and B lymphocytes: I. General view and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024695 TI - [Clinical application of open-loop systems for blood glucose control (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024696 TI - [Centennial of the birth of Prof. Bozidar Spisic]. PMID- 7024697 TI - beta-Lipotropin increases plasma insulin immunoreactivity. PMID- 7024698 TI - Prostacyclin, thromboxane and prostaglandin F2 alpha in suction blister fluid of human skin: effect of systemic aspirin and local glucocorticosteroid treatment. PMID- 7024699 TI - Hormonal responses to hypoglycemia in orthostatic hypotension patients with adrenergic insufficiency. PMID- 7024700 TI - Intravascular and extracellular volumes in the diabetic rat. PMID- 7024701 TI - [Historical origin of "general biology"]. PMID- 7024702 TI - [K. F. Rule's zoopsychology]. PMID- 7024703 TI - [The School of Alexandria and the West]. PMID- 7024704 TI - Update on diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7024705 TI - Drugs used in metabolic disorders. AB - Diabetes mellitus is quantitatively the most frequently occurring important metabolic disorder, and exercise has always played an important role in the management of diabetic patients. Exercise increases insulin sensitivity and enhances glucose uptake into muscle. However, the insulin-dependent diabetic is at risk of developing hypoglycemia during exercise. This, in part, is due to the enhanced uptake of insulin from the injection site during exercise and an increased delivery of insulin to the liver, inhibiting hepatic glycogenolysis. Also discussed in this review are drugs, thyroid disease and exercise, anabolic steroids and exercise, glucocorticoids, plasma cortisol and the suppression of cortisol responses to exercise in patients on high-dose steroid therapy. PMID- 7024706 TI - [Kidney transplantation: end of the stagnation?]. PMID- 7024707 TI - [The antithrombotic effect of dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid. A prospective clinical examination]. PMID- 7024708 TI - [Fatal infection due to Strongyloides stercoralis after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7024709 TI - [Antineural antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7024710 TI - [Johann Nepomuk von Ringseis. On the 100th anniversary of his death]. PMID- 7024711 TI - [Effectiveness of drug testing with the help of psychometric methods. Possibilities and problems]. PMID- 7024712 TI - [Kidney transplantation. Report of experience with 177 Berlin patients]. PMID- 7024713 TI - [Maxillary infections as a possible complication of kidney transplantations]. PMID- 7024714 TI - [Pathogenicity of the bile. Historical and new experimental results]. PMID- 7024715 TI - [Ribosomal antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi. Antigenic reactivity of the protein component]. PMID- 7024716 TI - [Gaucher's disease and glomerulopathy with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 7024717 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation and immunologic reconstitution]. PMID- 7024718 TI - [The Battle of Valmy and medicine]. PMID- 7024719 TI - Two types of autoimmune Addison's disease associated with different polyglandular autoimmune (PGA) syndromes. AB - A review of 295 patients with autoimmune Addison's disease which occurred as part of a polyglandular autoimmune syndrome is presented. Information of 41 cases was obtained from our clinics and from the examination of medical records, while 254 cases were culled from the literature. We report that autoimmune Addison's disease in association with other autoimmune diseases occurs in at least two distinct types. Addison's disease occurring in Type I polyglandular autoimmune disease (PGA) is associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and/or acquired hypoparathyroidism. The age of onset is predominately in childhood or in the early adult years. Type I PGA syndrome is also frequently associated with chronic active hepatitis, malabsorption, juvenile onset pernicious anemia, alopecia and primary hypogonadism. Insulin requiring diabetes and/or autoimmune thyroid disease are infrequent. In contrast, Addison's disease in Type II PGA is associated with insulin requiring diabetes and/or autoimmune thyroid disease(s). Although the age of onset of Addison's disease in Type II PGA syndrome is not confined to any age group or any specific sex, it occurs predominately in the middle years of life in females. The associated autoimmune diseases found in Type I disease, such as chronic active hepatitis, etc. (see table II) are rare in Type II PGA disease except for a low frequency of gonadal failure. We provide evidence to support the concept that the Addison's diseases in Type I and II PGA syndromes have different genetic bases, as related to HLA haplotypes, and possibly have different underlying pathogeneses. PMID- 7024720 TI - The metabolic effects of dichloroacetate. PMID- 7024721 TI - Effect of buformin on splanchnic carbohydrate and substrate metabolism in healthy man. AB - The effect of buformin (100 mg b.i.d. for 5 days) on carbohydrate metabolism, both splanchnic glucose output (SGO) and net substrate exchange were studied in 6 healthy male volunteers in the basal state and following glucose ingestion (100 g). Control studies without buformin were also performed in 5 men. Splanchnic glucose and substrate exchange was determined by means of the hepatic venous catheter technique. SGO was 154 +/- 18 (SEM) mg/min in the postabsorptive state and increased 33.3 +/- 2.8 g above the basal level during the 150 min period following glucose ingestion. Buformin administration did not alter basal SGO (157 +/- 26 mg/min), nor the splanchnic exchange of pyruvate, alanine, glycerol, OH butyrate and acetoacetate. Splanchnic lactate balance was altered by buformin and net lactate output occurred. Following glucose ingestion the rise in splanchnic lactate output was increased, whereas no change in SGO (32.9 +/- 3.5 g/150 min) and splanchnic exchange of the other substrates was observed. The increase in arterial blood glucose concentration following oral glucose loading was reduced by buformin pretreatment (p less than 0.005). The insulin production rate (basal, 16 +/- 2 mU/min; following oral glucose, 13 +/- 2 U/150 min) as calculated from C peptide release from the splanchnic area was unchanged by buformin. Except for a marked rise in splanchnic lactate production, buformin did not alter splanchnic carbohydrate metabolism after orally ingested glucose in healthy man. The diminished increase in arterial blood glucose concentration associated with unaltered insulin production suggests that buformin facilitates glucose utilization by peripheral tissues. PMID- 7024722 TI - Thermic effect of feeding in man: increased plasma norepinephrine levels following glucose but not protein or fat consumption. AB - In seven healthy male subjects, intake of 100 g protein hydrolysate produced significantly greater increments in energy expenditure than intake of 100 g glucose, 44 g fat, or a noncaloric control solution during the first 4 hr postcibum. Glucose and fat intake produced similar increments in energy expenditure. In contrast to the effects on thermogenesis, protein and fat intake did not alter sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, as estimated by plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels, whereas glucose intake significantly increased NE levels. Plasma levels of immunoreactive insulin were stimulated by glucose intake to a much greater level than by protein intake, and were unaffected by ingestion of the fat and control solutions. Pulse rate significantly increased following ingestion of all nutrients compared to pulse rate changes during the control test. These data support the traditional concept of a greater thermic effect of protein than of carbohydrate or fat, but the possibility of SNS involvement in the thermic effect of protein and fat is not supported. PMID- 7024723 TI - Effect of platelet-derived growth factor on DNA and protein synthesis in cultured rat calvaria. AB - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a peptide isolated from human platelets, was studied for its effects on bone formation by examining the synthesis of DNA, collagen and noncollagen protein in cultures of 21 day fetal rat calvaria. PDGF, at concentrations of 0.6-200 ng/ml, increased the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into acid insoluble residues in calvaria cultured for 24-96 hr; PDGF also increased the bone DNA content. After 24 hr of culture, PDGF caused a dose dependent stimulation of 3H-proline incorporation into noncollagen protein (NCP) and a small stimulation of its incorporation into collagenase-digestible protein (CDP). After 96 hr of culture, PDGF did not affect NCP but inhibited the labeling of CDP. The PDGF stimulatory effect on the incorporation of 3H-thymidine was seen in both the periosteum and periosteum-free calvarium while that on the labeling of NCP was seen in the central nonperiosteal bone. Histological sections showed a threefold increase in the mitotic index after colcemid arrest in PDGF-treated bones. The stimulatory effect of PDGF on the incorporation of 3H-thymidine was enhanced by cortisol. These studies indicate that PDGF stimulates bone DNA synthesis and has a no specific stimulatory effect on protein synthesis in short term cultures. PMID- 7024724 TI - Evaluation of the gonadotropic responsiveness of the pituitary to acute and prolonged administration of LH/FSH-releasing hormone (lhrh) in untreated patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - The pituitary gonadotropic responsiveness to acute and prolonged administration of LH/FSH-releasing hormone (LHRH) were assessed in 6 patients with untreated congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia (partial 21-hydroxylase deficiency). The oldest subjects had normal response in comparison to females at the midfollicular phase, to the acute infusion of 25 ug LHRH regarding both gonadotropins whereas LH secretory area was decreased during the prolonged (100 ug LHRH in 8 hours) infusion with normal FSH secretion. The two youngest subjects, with higher steroid levels in our series, were either unresponsive on both ways of testing or presented pre-pubertal response. PMID- 7024725 TI - Hypereninemic hypoaldosteronism in association with neoplasia induced hypercalcemia in the Fischer rat. PMID- 7024726 TI - HLA antigens in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in North India. AB - Fifty-four North Indian patients with Type I (Insulin-Dependent) diabetes mellitus who were aged 30 yr or under at onset were HLA-typed. The frequencies of HLA-BW21, BW35, and A28 were significantly increased and that of HLA-B7 was significantly reduced. On correction for the number of antigens tested, only the difference observed with HLA-BW21 for positive association and B7 for negative association remained statistically significant. HLA-B8, B15 and B18 did not demonstrate any significant association with IDDM in this series of patients. The results of the study further emphasize the well recognized race specificity in HLA antigen distribution in normal population as well as disease states. This association of HLA-BW21 with IDDM is the first report from North India. PMID- 7024727 TI - Cyclopropane fatty acid synthase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7024728 TI - Acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7024729 TI - Acyl carrier protein from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7024731 TI - Enoyl-CoA hydratases from Clostridium acetobutylicum and Escherichia coli. PMID- 7024730 TI - Fatty acid oxidation complex from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7024732 TI - 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase from yeast. PMID- 7024733 TI - sn-Glycero-3-phosphate acyltransferase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7024734 TI - Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7024735 TI - Expression of the L11-L1 operon in mutants of Escherichia coli lacking the ribosomal proteins L1 or L11. AB - Using a variety of immunological techniques, the supernatant levels of ribosomal proteins were measured in mutants lacking the ribosomal proteins L1 or L11, and in wild-type strains. There was a 2.5--5-fold elevation of protein L11 level in the supernatant of strains lacking protein L1, compared to wild-type. In contrast, there was no elevation, but rather a diminution, in the corresponding L1 level in strains lacking protein L11, compared to wild-type. These results are consistent with a model for the control of expression of the L11-L1 operon in which protein L1 is an inhibitor of expression of that operon, but protein L11 is not. The supernatant concentrations of other proteins were indistinguishable in all strains. PMID- 7024736 TI - ExpA: a conditional mutation affecting the expression of a group of exported proteins in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - A mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 was isolated as conditionally deficient in the expression of two exported proteins simultaneously (i.e. two acid phosphatases). The mutant was found to be thermosensitive on minimal medium at 37 degrees C and above, but grew normally on rich media at these temperatures. The mutation, named expA and located at 22 min on the recalibrated linkage map, depressed the levels of six periplasmic enzymatic activities in bacteria grown at 37 degrees C. At least ten proteins were greatly reduced in the periplasm under these conditions. The mutation also affected some outer membrane proteins, among which were the ompF protein and a protein which may be protein III, but had little effect on cytoplasmic membrane proteins. The gel patterns of the soluble cytoplasmic proteins were not modified except for one major protein of MW 47,000. The activities of beta-galactosidase and of aspartate transcarbamylase were unmodified. After growth at 30 degrees C no difference was observed between expA and expA+ isogenic strains. The results are discussed with respect to the mechanism of protein export. PMID- 7024737 TI - Blood vessel growth as a problem in morphogenesis: a physical theory. PMID- 7024738 TI - Intracapillary events in osmotic weight transients. PMID- 7024739 TI - History of laryngeal intubation. PMID- 7024740 TI - Immunopotentiating activity of whole cells and mini-cells of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Salmonella typhimurium strain 9 produces mini-cells during cell proliferation. Mini-cells are viable but cannot proliferate since they do not contain chromosomal DNA. Effects of whole cells and mini-cells of S. typhimurium on the immune responses were investigated, with the following results. Phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages was enhanced by in vivo stimulation of both whole cells and mini-cells. Cellular immunity against L1210 cells (mouse leukemia cells) and Sarcoma 180 cells was also enhanced by both whole cells and mini-cells. Mini cells slightly stimulated in vitro blast cell transformation of normal mouse lymphocytes. Whole cells of S. typhimurium induced antibody-forming cells to produce IgG of higher affinity but mini-cells did not. Mini-cells were not directly cytotoxic for normal lymphocytes or L1210 cells. PMID- 7024741 TI - Murine defense mechanism against Candida albicans infection. I. Collaboration of cell-mediated and humoral immunities in protection against systemic C. albicans infection. AB - Mice immunized with viable C. albicans cells demonstrated a high incidence of cell-mediated and a low incidence of humoral immune response. There was good agreement between the final survival rate of C. albicans infected mice and the rate of simultaneous cell-mediated and humoral immune response acquisition. Immunized mice with positive delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) against C. albicans crude antigen showed significant protection against intravenous challenge with C. albicans. Furthermore, the transfer of immunoglobulins from rabbit anti-C. albicans serum to DTH-positive mice enhanced protection, while it did not protect control mice against a subsequent challenge with C. albicans. These results suggest that cell-mediated immunity plays a major role and humoral immunity a side role in the defense mechanism(s) of C. albicans infected mice. PMID- 7024742 TI - [Changes in the soluble intracellular protein composition of Aspergillus fumigatus as affected by trace elements]. PMID- 7024743 TI - [Role of catalase in Shigella flexneri and S. sonnei survivability in phagocytes]. PMID- 7024744 TI - [Shigella colicinogenicity and its use for strain identification]. PMID- 7024745 TI - [Hydrogen peroxide release into the medium by growing and resting yeast cells]. AB - The yeast Candida mycoderma and its mutant lacking cytochrome oxidase and cytochromes b were grown in the glucose-mineral Rieder medium and liberated hydrogen peroxide. The evolution of hydrogen peroxide was found also in the resting cells of the parent strain and its mutant when they oxidized glucose, ethanol and endogenous substrates. The evolution of hydrogen peroxide was registered also during the growth of other yeast cultures, in particular, those belonging to Saccharomyces and Torulopsis. PMID- 7024746 TI - [Changes in the redox potential in Escherichia coli growth cessation]. AB - Escherichia coli strains K-12 and M-17 were grown in batch and continuous cultures, with pulse addition of glucose or a nitrogen source as limiting substrates; the redox potential decreased when the growth ceased. The maximal deviation of the Eh was 150 mV when the strain K-12 ceased to grow. The Eh decreased rapidly for 25 min in the strain K-12 and for about 10--12 min in the strain M-17; then the Eh returned slowly to the initial level. The second phase took about 150 min in the strain K-12 and 40 to 60 min in the strain M-17. No changes in the Eh were found when the culture was grown under the anaerobic conditions. PMID- 7024747 TI - [Conditions for Bacillus licheniformis protoplast formation and regeneration to the bacillary form]. PMID- 7024748 TI - [Structural changes in Candida lipolytica cells during citric acid biosynthesis]. AB - The techniques of light and electron microscopy were used to study structural changes in Candida lipolytica cells related to limitation of their growth and a nitrogen source in medium with glucose and hexadecane and transition of the culture to the production of citric acids. Changes in the content of protein in the cell and in the activities of enzymes of the citrate and glyoxylate cycles located in mitochondria and peroxysomes of the yeast were investigated at the same time. The results characterizing cytological changes in the cell of C. lipolytica in the conditions of citric acid biosynthesis fit in well with the data on protein content and enzyme activities in the cells obtained by biochemical analysis. The transition of the yeast cells to the overproduction of citric acids has been shown to be related to profound rearrangements of the cell: the inhibition of protein synthesis; changes in the structure of the cytoplasm; the appearance of vacuoles of an irregular shape, often in contact with the mitochondria; changes in the mitochondrial and peroxysomal apparatus; the accumulation of lipids. It has been demonstrated once again that the peroxysomal apparatus of the yeast cell has a relationship with the metabolism of n-alkanes. PMID- 7024749 TI - [Selection method and the characteristics of a cytochrome (a+a3)-deficient mutant of Candida parapsilosis yeasts]. AB - A method was developed for selecting cytochrome-deficient mutants of yeast Candida parapsilosis; the method is based on determining the rate of inhibition of oxygen uptake by benzhydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of cyanide-resistant oxidase in the cells of preliminarily obtained yeast mutants. The mutant (C. parapsilosis bhas-1) lacks cytochrome a+a3, contains the same quantity of cytochrome b as the wild strain and a twice as low quantity of cytochrome c. In contrast to the wild strain, the mutant does not grow on ethanol for the first two days but, being cultivated further (up to 5 days), in a medium with ethanol, it resumes its capability to utilize ethanol as a carbon and energy source. Prolonged cultivation in the medium with ethanol induces the biosynthesis of cytochrome oxidase while cytochrome a+a3 is not induced in a medium supplied with glucose. The biomass accumulated by the mutant in the medium with glucose is twice as low comparing to that of the wild strain. The oxidative activity of the mutant mitochondria involves cyanide, resistant oxidase. The mitochondria of the mutant oxidize NAD-dependent substrates, NADH, NADPH, succinate, alpha glycerophosphate, ethanol and lactate. The mitochondria have a low respiratory control and phosphorylate ADP while oxidizing NAD-dependent substrates, ethanol and lactate, but not alpha-glycerophosphate, succinate, NADH and NADPH. PMID- 7024750 TI - Identification of African epidemic icterus virus as lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. PMID- 7024751 TI - Does cadmium exposure reduce the metabolism of ethanol? AB - It is proposed that persons exposed to elevated levels of cadmium via occupation, diet, or cigarette smoking will exhibit a diminished capability to metabolize ethanol via the action of the zinc dependent enzyme, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). This follows from the observation that cadmium can replace the zinc in liver ADH and inactivate it. PMID- 7024752 TI - Restoration of nervous system function after permanent injury. AB - Permanent injury to the nervous system can occur in a number of ways and lead to profound residual disability. Attempts to restore function are being made by many different groups. They range from prosthetic repair to pharmacological intervention. A theoretical framework within which injuries can be analysed and understood is desirable. One is proposed. From it a rational set of approaches to the restoration of nervous system function is generated. These are outlined. PMID- 7024753 TI - Altered regulation of a proteinase mediated primary secretion processing system as the basic defect in cystic fibrosis. AB - Depsite the high incidence of cystic fibrosis there is no clear cut direction to research into the basic defect responsible for this disorder. This is, at least in part, due to the exceptional amount of irreproducibility surrounding the disease. The defective ion reabsorption in CF sweat glands may be a prototype of a generalized failure to correctly process exocrine gland primary secretions. Such a physiological defect could account for many of the clinical symptoms of CF. It is hypothesised that one or more secreted proteinase(s) may mediate the events of secretion processing. A mutation in the structural gene for such a proteinase or a regulating anti-proteinase or some enzyme carrying out a functionally important post translational modification of the proteinase would then account for the disease. PMID- 7024754 TI - Tracking by telephone: locating the bullet in President Garfield, 1881. PMID- 7024755 TI - A monitoring and trending system and intracranial pressure. AB - A prototype of a portable microprocessor-based system for monitoring and displaying intracranial pressure, systemic arterial pressure, and cerebral perfusion pressure data has been developed. This system reduces the data for long term logging and subsequent display as a trend plot and an array of computed histograms. Included in the system is the capability of presetting alarms to identify and alert clinical staff to potentially hazardous conditions. An initial technical and clinical evaluation indicates that the objective of improving patient care while controlling capital and operating costs has been met. The alarm system and the trended data display can be used to routinely detect conditions that previously were not immediately identified because of inherent limitations in currently available equipment. The precise minute-to-minute and retrospective evaluation of clinical events is now facilitated by a consistent, concise record and analysis of ICP and related data. PMID- 7024756 TI - Health consequences of environmental pollution by ionizing radiation. PMID- 7024757 TI - Peer review in the U.S.A.: an historical perspective. PMID- 7024758 TI - Plasmodium falciparum resistant to fansidar. PMID- 7024759 TI - [Self-testing by the diabetic]. PMID- 7024760 TI - [Control of ovulation by the diencephalon: luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone]. PMID- 7024761 TI - [Determination of HbA 1 improves the diagnosis and control of the course of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7024762 TI - [Experiences with a chemically modified monospecies-insulin]. AB - In a randomised clinical study 20 diabetics were given a des-phe-mixed-insulin. The quality of diabetes control was investigated. The average age of the patients was 53 years; the duration of the diabetes was 8.7 years in average. As criterion of diabetes control were accepted: a daily urinary excretion up to 10 g and a peak value of blood-sugar in the daily profile of 9.99 mmol/l (180 mg/dl). In 9 of the 20 patients the diabetes could be controlled easily by using des-phe-mixed insulin. In the remaining 11 patients no sufficient control was achieved. These 11 patients were treated successfully within five days using a highly purified insulin from the pig (Mixtard). Compared to the des-phe-mixed-insulin the dose could be reduced by 26% in average. Two patients developed an allergy against the des-phe-mixed-insulin; one locally, one generalized. PMID- 7024763 TI - [Renal hypertension in aortic stenosis]. AB - Report of the clinical, biochemical, hemodynamic and x-ray data of a girl, 16 years of age, who had a narrowing of the abdominal aorta (diaphragmatic type). The stenosis was proximal to the renal arteries and was associated with unobtainable arterial pressure in the lower extremities and with hypertension in the arms. Although mechanical factors seemed to play the primary role in the production of hypertension, a further important factor inducing hypertension was the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosteron-system caused by reduced renal circulation. PMID- 7024764 TI - [Fendiline brings oxygen to the myocardium]. PMID- 7024765 TI - [Diabetes mellitus: new directions in its diagnosis]. PMID- 7024766 TI - [Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 7024767 TI - [Treatment of hypotension complicating pregnancy improves fetal outcome]. AB - A prospective study 30 out of 60 pregnant women suffering from pathologic hypotension were treated regularly with the mineralocorticoid 11 Desoxycorticosterononanthat (Cortiron (R)-Depot). To the other 30 women no medication was given --they served as a control-group. In order to get information on the uteroplacental perfusion rate, placental flow measurements using radioisotopes were carried out. In comparison with the untreated blood pressure and placental perfusion in the medicated pregnant women was significantly higher. The investigation of the fetal outcome showed 600 g heavier neonates in the mineralocorticoid treated group; the rate of dystrophy was significantly lower. The results entitle the requirement of medication in cases of maternal hypotension (RR 110/65 mm Hg and below). By our experiences we can recommend the mineralocorticoid Cortiron (R)-Depot. PMID- 7024768 TI - [Diseases complicating ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease]. PMID- 7024769 TI - [Drug dependence. A review of the narcotic and hallucinogenic effects of drugs]. PMID- 7024770 TI - [Use of chemotherapeutic preparations in regions with a spread of chloroquine resistant tropical malaria]. PMID- 7024771 TI - [General characteristics of the chemotherapeutic properties of a new experimental antimalarial preparation dabequin]. PMID- 7024772 TI - [Action of development inhibitors on Aedes aegypti L. mosquitoes and Rhodnius prolixus Stal. bugs. IV. The activity of precocenes]. PMID- 7024773 TI - [Hemostatic system disorders in malaria (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7024774 TI - [Search for new antimalarial compounds (a review of patents)]. PMID- 7024775 TI - [Insulin-dependent diabetes in children and adolescents in Surdulica 1970-1979]. PMID- 7024776 TI - [Immunological aspects of dental transplants]. AB - The recent literature on dental transplants in man and experimental models is reviewed. The histopathological and immunological aspects of the methods and results are critically analysed in function of the clinical applicability of this alternative to prosthesis. The different effects of mature tooth and germ transplants are considered in the light of experiments on various mammals, together with the contribution made by the various dental tissues to the taking of the transplant, and its acceptance or rejection by the host. Finally, questions associated with the establishment of a teeth bank and its potential creation of a sufficient supply of organs for transplantation are discussed. PMID- 7024777 TI - [Oral manifestations of hemopathies. 2. Stomatological aspects of diseases involving leukocytes]. AB - The stomatological symptomatology of the commonest diseases affecting the white cells, particularly agranulocytosis and leukaemia, is described. On the question of leukaemia, it is emphasized that, thanks to the new antileukaemic treatments, the stomatological picture of the primary disease may be changed and new stomatological lesions caused by the treatment may occur. These may present in isolation or on top of primary disease lesions. PMID- 7024778 TI - [Identification of saliva stains for medicolegal investigative purposes. From the Roberts test (1881) to the Rosalki and Tarlow method (1973)]. PMID- 7024779 TI - Diabetes mellitus in a toco toucan. AB - Diabetes mellitus is rarely diagnosed in avian species. The majority of reported cases have occurred in small birds, such as the parakeet and canary. A major complicating factor in the diagnosis of diabetes in birds is the lack of accepted normal blood glucose values, which can be highly variable among avian species. In the case to be reported here a Toco Toucan (Ramphastos toco) was affected. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in this instance was based on the history, clinical signs, and response to therapy. PMID- 7024780 TI - Comparative inactivation and inhibition of the anomerase and isomerase activities of phosphoglucose isomerase. AB - Several metabolic compounds have been found to be competitive inhibitors of the anomerase activity of phosphoglucose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9).Ki values for erythrose 4-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate for the anomerase reaction are 0.32 muM, 21 muM, and 84 muM respectively at 0 degree and pH 8.2. A significant difference between the fructose 1,6-bisphosphate inhibition constants for both activities was found (Ki(isomerase) = 800 muM and Ki(anomerase) = 140 muM). Also the Km values for both activities were found to be significantly different (Km(isomerase) = 140 muM and Km(anomerase) = 3.6 muM). Attempts to independently alter the anomerase to isomerase activity ratio through protein modification yielded mixed results. While several modifying reagents destroyed the catalytic activities at identical rates, inactivation by iodoacetamide or pyridoxal 5' phosphate sensitized photo-oxidation displayed differential initial effects on the two activities with the anomerase activity being the less affected. These data support the theory that an imidazole residue is catalytically important for isomerization, but less so for anomerization. PMID- 7024782 TI - [Recognition of messenger RNAs upon initiation of translation in prokaryotes]. AB - Structural aspects of ribosomal recognition of initiation sites on messenger RNA in procaryotes are considered. Location of initiation sites on mRNA, their length, typical nucleotide sequences that build up the initiation signal, and also the influence of the macrostructure of mRNA on protein synthesis are discussed. Determined nucleotide sequences of mRNA and DNA flanking the origin of different phage and bacterial genes are given. PMID- 7024783 TI - [Mechanism of intercellular contacts and the change in cell membranes during differentiation]. AB - The recent data concerning the molecular mechanism of cell-cell recognition are discussed. The specificity of recognition may be based on the interaction of the carbohydrate-containing molecule and the carbohydrate-binding protein. The carbohydrate-binding proteins are the cell surface lectins and glycosyltransferases. It is supposed that these proteins may recognize the fine structure of the suitable carbohydrate chains, and not only the terminal sugar residues. Cell differentiation and the arrangement of specific cell-cell contacts is accompanied by the accumulation of specific proteins and carbohydrate containing molecules in the plasma membrane. It is the accumulation and interaction of these molecules that may cause the decrease in the mobility of different cell surface molecules, including Concanavalin A (ConA) receptors, in the plane of the membrane. Possibly this is why the differentiating cells lose their ability to agglutinate in the presence of ConA. Therefore it is suggested that cell agglutination by ConA is a test revealing the characteristic change in the cell membrane during differentiation, i.e. a decrease in the mobility of the cell surface molecules in the plane of the membrane. PMID- 7024784 TI - [Affinity labeling of the ribosomes from Escherichia coli by 4-(N-2-chloroethyl-N methyl-aminobenzyl-5'-phosphoamide of heptauridylic acid]. AB - 4-(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methyl)aminobenzyl-5'-phosphoamide of the heptauridylic acid was used to localize the structures organizing mRNA-binding site of ribosomes from E. coli. Both rRNA and proteins undergo modification in the ribosome 10-18 and 82-90% of the total ribosomal subunit modification, respectively. Using the method of two-dimensional electrophoresis in the acrylamide gel the proteins S5, S11, S13 and L2, L7/L12, L31 which are labelled by the analog of mRNA were identified. We assume these proteins to be located in the vicinity of mRNA binding centre of ribosomes. PMID- 7024785 TI - [Comparative characters of the transducing virulent streptococcal phages A25 and CA1]. AB - The properties of two virulent streptococcal bacteriophages and their DNAs have been studied. Both phage A25 and phage CA1 generated the generalized transduction of chromosomal and plasmid markers among group A streptococci. Phage CA1 differs from the morphologically and serologically related and well-known transducing phage A25 by the efficiency of transduction, the duration of the latent period of reproduction, buoyant density in CsCl and by the lytic spectrum. Phage CA1 also was active against the lysogens resistant to phage A25. Phage genomes are presented as the linear permutated DNA molecules with molecular mass of 23 megadaltons having terminal repetitions of different size. These data have been obtained as a result of homoduplex analysis of the DNAs. A non-homologous fragment 29% of the molecular length of the phage genomes has been revealed by heteroduplex analysis of phage DNAs. This fragment seems to be responsible for the differences in biological properties of the phages. Phage A25 is heterogenous in buoyant density and molecular length of its DNA. PMID- 7024786 TI - Maternal diabetes mellitus--effects on the fetus and placenta. PMID- 7024781 TI - Cellular and molecular aspects of immune system aging. AB - We begin with a brief discussion of the importance and advantages of immune studies to the problem of aging. This is followed by a short over-view of immune system aging at the systemic level. The major portion of the article is a review of observation, both at the cellular and molecular level, of changes in aging immune cells, with sections on intercellular communication, membrane phenomena, cyclic nucleotides, and molecular genetic changes. PMID- 7024787 TI - Abortions and moles. PMID- 7024788 TI - Neoplasms of the fetus and neonate. PMID- 7024789 TI - Common environmental influences on the fetus. PMID- 7024790 TI - Pathology of the placenta, membranes, and umbilical cord in bacterial, fungal, and viral infections in man. PMID- 7024791 TI - Mutagenic specificity of nitrosomethylurea in bacteriophage T4. AB - In contrast to alkylating agents such as ethyl methanesulphonate which can induce mutation after treatment of free phage particles, nitrosamides induce mutations only when phage are treated intracellularly during infection of the host. The basis of this intracellular dependence is not currently understood. In this study the mutational specificity of nitrosomethylurea (NMU) in bacteriophage T4 was investigated by measuring the reversion of well-characterized mutants in the rII genes. While no mutation was produced after in vitro treatments of free phage, in vivo treatments strongly induced G:C leads to A:T transitions and substantially induced A:T leads to G:C transitions. Transversions and frameshift mutations were rarely induced. Although methyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis of T4 depends upon a phage-encoded error-prone repair system, NMU-induced mutagenesis is independent of this repair system. Similarities in mutagen specificity of nitrosamides and differences in DNA metabolism in T4 when compared to its host, Escherichia coli, suggest that T4 is well-suited for the study of mechanisms of nitrosamide mutagenesis. PMID- 7024792 TI - Mutational specificity of the base analogue, 2-aminopurine, in Escherichia coli. AB - 2-Aminopurine (2-AP) is a base analogue of adenine which mispairs with cytosine and causes base-pair substitutions of the transition type. By analyzing the reversion patterns of defined trpA alleles in Escherichia coli we confirm that 2 AP causes both A:T leads to G:C and G:C leads to A:T transitions with the former induced more frequently than the latter. We also find that 2-AP enhances transversions at 3 sites and frameshift mutations at 1 other site. It is unlikely that 2-AP can cause transversions and frameshifts solely by a mispairing mechanism. However, 2-AP-induced transversion and frameshift mutagenesis was not abolished by the presence of an inactive recA allele, indicating this mutagenic activity is not dependent upon recA-directed misrepair. PMID- 7024793 TI - A comparison of aflatoxin B1-induced cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and prophage induction in Salmonella typhimurium mutagen tester strains TA1535, TA1538, TA98 and TA100. AB - Treatment of Ames mutagen tester strains with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and S9 mix results not only in the production of a potent mutagen, but induces a pathway that leads to the induction of prophages present in all Ames tester strains. Characterization of the prophage induction and mutagenic response following AFB1 treatment showed that plasmid pKM101 dramatically enhances mutagenesis, but suppressed prophage induction. Spontaneous release of phage by TA98 and TA100 was also lower than in TA1535 and TA1538. In addition to mutagenesis and prophage induction, survival of all 4 tester strains was quantitated after AFB1 treatment. The data show that the frameshift tester strains (TA1538 and TA98) are more sensitive to the bactericidal action of AFB1 than the base-pair tester strains (TA1535 and TA100), survival being significantly affected above 100 ng. One of several hypotheses examined was the difference in the number and types of prophages present in base-pair tester strains that are not detectable in the frame-shift tester strains. These data suggest that prophage induction can detect DNA damage that is non-mutagenic; and that it is important to characterize the lysogenic nature of the Ames strains since it may influence the observed histidine revertant rate and the survival of the tester strain. PMID- 7024794 TI - Phenotypes of UV-sensitive uvrD3, recL152, and uvrE15 mutants of Escherichia coli. AB - The mutations uvrD3, uvrE156, and recL152 increase UV sensitivity in Escherichia coli and are closely linked. There is a disagreement as to whether uvrD3 and uvrE strains have distinctive phenotypes. Comparison of strains isogenic except for the uvrD3, uvrE156, and recL152 mutations showed that only the uvrD3 mutation greatly decreased the host cell reactivation of phages T1 and lambda vir and the repair of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) damage. Only the uvrE156 mutation increased mutation rates. Excessive DNA degradation following UV-irradiation occurred only in the uvrD3 mutant. MMS-resistant mutants of a uvrD3 strain, resulting from mutations closely linked to uvrD3, were still UV-sensitive and fell into two classes: mutator (UvrE--like) and non-mutator. Spontaneous mutator mutants having the UvrE- phenotype were also found in aged uvrD3 cultures. The uvrD3 mutation in heterogenotes was partially dominant. PMID- 7024795 TI - In memoriam--Dr. Lucille K. Georg. PMID- 7024796 TI - [Results of a single dose treatment with Canesten-vaginal tablets 500 mg in vaginal mycosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024797 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in Candida albicans caused by polyene antibiotics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024798 TI - Antagonistic reactions of the moulds from cattle-feeds in relation of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, pathogenic to cattle. PMID- 7024799 TI - In vitro microscopic study of fungus cells treated with econazole. PMID- 7024800 TI - [Ultrastructural investigations in the effect of econazol-nitrate on human cutaneous candidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024801 TI - [A new method of colour evaluation in fungus cultures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024802 TI - [Does human plasma decrease the antimicrobial activity of imidazole derivatives? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024803 TI - Keratomycosis--a review. PMID- 7024804 TI - A comparison of marrow transplantation with chemotherapy for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in second or subsequent remission. AB - The progress of 24 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with cyclophosphamide, total-body irradiation, and marrow transplantation during a second or subsequent remission was compared with that of 21 children treated with conventional chemotherapy after they had entered a second remission. Eleven of the transplantation group are alive, including nine in continuing complete remission for 17 to 55 months; only two of the chemotherapy group are alive, one in complete remission after 20 months. Relapse was the major cause of failure in both groups. Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease in the transplantation group and leukoencephalopathy in both groups were the other major causes of morbidity and mortality. This study demonstrates that marrow transplantation currently offers the best chance of long-term remission and potential cure after a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia has had a relapse in the marrow. PMID- 7024805 TI - Nuclear cardiology (second of two parts). PMID- 7024806 TI - Immune complexes and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7024807 TI - Antiemetic efficacy of high-dose metoclopramide: randomized trials with placebo and prochlorperazine in patients with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. AB - In a study of the effectiveness of high intravenous doses of metoclopramide as an antiemetic, 41 patients with advanced cancer who were being treated with cisplatin were entered into two double-blind trials. In the first trial patients were randomly assigned to receive either metoclopramide or placebo, and in the second trial they received either metoclopramide or prochlorperazine. Patients given metoclopramide had significantly fewer episodes of emesis than patients given placebo (medians, 1.0 vs. 10.5; P = 0.001) or prochlorperazine (medians, 1.5 vs. 12.0; P = 0.005). Metoclopramide was superior to placebo and to prochlorperazine in reducing the volume of emesis (P = 0.001 and P = 0.022, respectively) and was more effective than placebo in shortening the duration of nausea (P = 0.042) and vomiting (P = 0.028). Side effects from metoclopramide were minor, with mild sedation frequently observed; one patient had a brief extrapyramidal reaction. We conclude that metoclopramide in high intravenous doses has greater antiemetic activity than placebo or prochlorperazine in patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy. PMID- 7024808 TI - PaperChase: a computer program to search the medical literature. AB - This report describes PaperChase, a computer program that permits users to search medical literature by author's name, journal of publication, title word, or medical subject heading (MeSH term), as indexed by the National Library of Medicine. PaperChase was installed in the medical library of Beth Israel Hospital in Boston, with a data base of 400,000 references--nearly all the articles shelved there. During the first year of operation, 1032 medical students, house officers, practicing physicians, and other library users, without formal instruction or user's manual, conducted 8459 searches and displayed 399,821 references, 97,769 of which they selected for printing. Among users who conducted an initial search, 49 per cent returned to complete five or more searches, and 14 per cent returned to complete 20 or more. The large number of satisfied users and the low installation and operating costs suggest that PaperChase could be a valuable means of providing widespread computerized bibliographic retrieval. PMID- 7024809 TI - The Massachusetts Medical Society bicentennial celebration. PMID- 7024810 TI - Dwarfism in the pygmy. An isolated deficiency of insulin-like growth factor I. AB - Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) I and II, which are present in normal human beings, were measured in serum samples from 11 pygmies from the Central African Republic, 31 controls, and 12 patients with growth hormone deficiency. The mean serum concentration of IGF-I (+/- S.E.M.) was 68.6 +/- 8 ng per milliliter in pygmies, as compared with 193 +/- 10 ng per milliliter in controls (P less than 0.001) and 24 +/- 4 ng per milliliter in patients with growth hormone deficiency (P less than 0.05). Mean serum concentrations of IGF-II in controls, pygmies, and growth hormone-deficient patients were 647 +/- 22, 503 +/- 37, and 252 +/- 29 ng per milliliter, respectively. The serum IGF-I concentration was within the normal range in only one pygmy, whereas IGF-II values were within the normal range in 10 of 11. Pygmies appear to have a major defect in the production of IGF-I. PMID- 7024811 TI - Clinical and immunologic effects of fractionated total lymphoid irradiation in refractory rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Ten patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis were given 3000 rad of fractionated total lymphoid irradiation in an uncontrolled therapeutic trial. Total lymphoid irradiation was associated with objective evidence of considerable clinical improvement in eight patients and with reduced blood lymphocyte counts in all 10. On completion of irradiation, there was an abrogation of lymphocyte reactivity in vitro in the patients with clinical responses, but abnormal antibody activities characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis and normal components of humoral immunity were not suppressed. Partial recrudescence of arthritis occurred shortly after a year after the completion of irradiation and was paralleled by a restitution of lymphocyte concentrations and responsiveness to mitogens to levels similar to those observed before irradiation. These data provide further evidence of T-cell involvement in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and demonstrate that total lymphoid irradiation can induce temporary relief, but they do not ascertain whether the natural history of this disease was altered. PMID- 7024812 TI - Heparin bonding reduces thrombogenicity of pulmonary-artery catheters. PMID- 7024813 TI - The Phoenix and the Eagle: The founding of the Boston and Massachusetts Medical Societies in 1780 and 1781. AB - In 1780 and 1781, amidst war, revolution, and the building of a nation, Massachusetts experienced a burst of institutional creativity. Out of this came the Boston and Massachusetts medical societies. These societies succeeded in bringing together Boston's diversified and contentious medical men (old and new, Whig and Tory) into an institutionalized and more professionally conscious community of physicians. The Boston Medical Society had a direct role in the founding of the Massachusetts Medical Society and an indirect role in the founding of the Harvard Medical School. The three major early goals of the Massachusetts Medical Society were to examine candidates for medical practice, to promote and disseminate medical and scientific knowledge, and to achieve a sense of collegiality and good will among its members. Boston's physicians during the Revolution benefited greatly from the presence of French military doctors. PMID- 7024814 TI - The practice of medicine in 18th-century Massachusetts: a bicentennial perspective. PMID- 7024815 TI - Doctors afield: John Calef, M.D. PMID- 7024816 TI - Lengthening shadows. PMID- 7024817 TI - Medicine and surgery in 1881. PMID- 7024818 TI - Two hundred years young. PMID- 7024819 TI - Glomerular basement membrane thickening in renal allografts. PMID- 7024820 TI - Detection and enumeration of stressed coliforms. AB - Different pretreatments were tried to recover Escherichia coli from food system and bacteriological diluents following freezing and thawing. The sublethally injured cells were found to repair their injury and start growing by resuscitating for 1 h in a non-nutrient medium at 37 degrees C. Longer periods did not give any improvement. Five media were studied for their recovery. Amongst the complex media, Eosine methylene blue agar was found to give maximum recovery. The organisms grew well on minimal medium also. Addition of vitamins and amino acids in the minimal medium did not show any increase in recovery. The results indicate that to detect index organisms such as E. coli from frozen systems, resuscitation in a non nutrient environment for at least 1 h necessary. PMID- 7024821 TI - The origins of replication of the yeast mitochondrial genome and the phenomenon of suppressivity. PMID- 7024822 TI - Yeast mitochondrial tRNATrp injected with E. coli activating enzyme into Xenopus oocytes suppresses UGA termination. PMID- 7024823 TI - Precursor forms of penicillin-binding proteins 5 and 6 of E. coli cytoplasmic membrane. PMID- 7024824 TI - Purified human growth hormone from E. coli is biologically active. PMID- 7024825 TI - [Determination of the site of infection in the urinary tract during pregnancy]. PMID- 7024826 TI - [A new angiographic technic: digital subtraction angiography (digital vascular imaging)]. PMID- 7024827 TI - [Digital subtraction angiography]. PMID- 7024828 TI - [Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: diagnosis, transmissibility and preventive measures in the examination and nursing care of patients]. PMID- 7024829 TI - [Surgical subjects in the Nederlandsch Weekblad voor Geneeskundigen (1851-1856)]. PMID- 7024830 TI - Therapy of acute leukaemia in adults. PMID- 7024831 TI - Anti-dsDNA and complement profiles in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7024832 TI - [Practical method for the preoperative spatial localisation of small intracranial neoplasms from scanner data (author's transl)]. AB - When only transverse axial slices of a CT examination already performed are available, the localisation in space of small intracranial space occupying lesions is easy only if a lateral view is available at the same time. In terms of three dimensional localisation, it is possible to rely on the coordinates of transverse axial sections only if the examination has been carried out under stereotaxic conditions. In all other cases, uncertainty concerning the site of the plane of reference of the examination would be too great. The method suggested may be used to identify the site of the plane of reference of a computed tomography examination on a lateral skull X-ray with a margin of error of +/- 2 degrees. It uses the lateral skull X-ray of the patient examined by computed tomography, the transverse axial slices of the examination and a pre established template. Once the plane of reference is identified, the lesion may be rapidly reconstructed using two other templates. The method has the advantage of being applicable to examinations already carried out and thus does not prolong the duration of investigations. PMID- 7024833 TI - [Clovis Vincent]. PMID- 7024834 TI - [Prolactinoma: pathologic aspects]. PMID- 7024835 TI - [Prolactin: physiology and physiopathology]. PMID- 7024836 TI - [Wilhelm Tonnis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024837 TI - [Otfrid Foerster]. PMID- 7024838 TI - Continuous suture method for microvascular anastomosis: technical note. AB - A continuous suture technique for microvascular end-to-side anastomosis was tested in an animal model. Twenty-five Wistar rats underwent carotid-to-carotid end-to-side anastomoses using the conventional interrupted suture technique, and another 25 animals underwent similar operations using a continuous suture method. Anastomosis patency, growth, and vessel clamp time during the operation were recorded. The continuous suture technique was found to have equivalent growth and patency figures and to be much faster than the interrupted suture method. PMID- 7024839 TI - Perspectives in neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Norway. PMID- 7024840 TI - Effect of prophylactic methicillin on cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections in children. AB - This study retrospectively and prospectively analyzes uncomplicated, noninfected, primary ventriculoperitoneal shunting procedures and ventriculoperitoneal shunt revisions in children done at the University of Wisconsin Hospital from July 1973 to December 1979. We compared the infection rates between patients whose procedures were done without prophylactic antibiotics and those who received prophylactic single dose methicillin at the time of operation. Among 105 procedures done without prophylactic methicillin, there were 8 infections; 4 occurred after 73 primary shunt placements and 4 followed 32 shunt revisions. Among 66 procedures done with prophylactic methicillin, there were 3 infections; all followed primary shunt insertions. There was no infection after 32 shunt revisions in which prophylactic antibiotics were used. PMID- 7024841 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in the Netherlands. PMID- 7024842 TI - Serum monospecificity: a prerequisite for reliable immunohistochemical localization of neuronal markers including choline acetyltransferase. PMID- 7024843 TI - A new stereological method for estimating the thickness of a cellular layer on random sections. PMID- 7024844 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy and qualitative evaluation of histological fixative mixtures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024845 TI - Experimental evidence and social policy: foreword. PMID- 7024846 TI - The clinical trial. PMID- 7024847 TI - Drug regulation and policy formulation. PMID- 7024848 TI - [Arteriovenous fistulas of the portal area]. PMID- 7024849 TI - History: the dawn of gastric resection. PMID- 7024850 TI - [On various "moments of passage" in the mutualistic system of the National Health Service]. PMID- 7024851 TI - [Epidemiology of drug addiction and historical cycles of other psychic disorders]. AB - Through observation of the late complete cycle of diffusion of Great Hysteria we may get a confrontation with the present epidemiological diffusion of drug dependence. Of the different cycles is here showed a structural analysis, based on the hypothesis of alternated repression of Eros and Thanatos, with the respective returns of the sexual and aggressive repressed instincts. PMID- 7024852 TI - [Guglielmo Grataroli (1516-1568), physician and scientist of European fame]. PMID- 7024854 TI - [The "empty sella" syndrome. Considerations on 10 cases]. PMID- 7024853 TI - [Carcinoma of the breast in pregnancy]. PMID- 7024855 TI - The immunocytochemical localization of serotonergic neurons in the rat hypothalamus. AB - In rats pretreated with pargyline and L-tryptophan a group of neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus stained immunocytochemically for serotonin. These neurons measured approximately 9 micrometer and were distributed over a rostro caudal distance of 900 micrometer. There were a total of 708 cells. No labeled cells were seen in this hypothalamic group in normal, colchicine- or pargyline pretreated rats. PMID- 7024856 TI - Neurotoxin-induced hydrolase activity in peripheral nerve. AB - The effect of neurotoxins which block axonal transport or impulse transmission was examined on sciatic nerve hydrolase activity. Subepineural injection of batrachotoxin (BTX) or colchicine resulted in a 4-9 fold increase in acid protease and N-acetylglucosaminidase activity with a smaller increase in acid phosphatase activity. The enzyme remained elevated for up to 48 days. Similar injections of tetrodotoxin (TTX) led to a relatively small increase in the activity of these enzymes which returned to normal values within two days. The prolonged increase in hydrolase activity produced by BTX and colchicine suggests that blockade of axonal transport may be mediated by nerve necrosis. PMID- 7024857 TI - Alcohol consumption and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in marathon runners. PMID- 7024858 TI - Exploring cow's milk and soy protein sensitivity in human infants. PMID- 7024859 TI - The nutritional value of breast milk from non-pregnant mothers. PMID- 7024860 TI - Experimental myocardial infarction and fish oil. PMID- 7024861 TI - Primary renal transplant wound infections. PMID- 7024862 TI - Management of prostate carcinoma. PMID- 7024863 TI - Dickens and doctors; physicians in fiction of Charles Dickens. PMID- 7024864 TI - Personalities of importance in the early days of New Zealand dentistry. PMID- 7024865 TI - Full denture prosthodontics for today: principles, practicalities, and problems. PMID- 7024866 TI - Ibuprofen and diflunisal in rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind comparative trial. AB - Both diflunisal (750 mg/day) and ibuprofen (1600 mg/day) were shown to be superior to placebo in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in a double-blind cross-over trial. Neither drug affected lymphocyte transformation to plant mitogens. Diflunisal scored better than ibuprofen at the dose levels chosen but the differences did not reach significance. PMID- 7024867 TI - Treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 7024868 TI - Azatadine maleate (Zadine): evaluation in the management of allergic rhinitis. AB - Azatadine maleate (Zadine), a new antihistamine, was evaluated for its efficacy in 20 patients with chronic allergic rhinitis. Eighty percent of patients had symptomatic relief with a twice daily dosage of 2 mg. Sedation was volunteered as a side effect by six of the patients and was admitted by two further patients after specific questioning. A choice reaction time test gave slowing of motor function in these sedated patients. Four of the previously sedated patients experienced good symptomatic control with minimal sedation when the azatadine dose was reduced to 1 mg twice daily; slowing of motor function was not observed at this, the normal recommended dose. PMID- 7024870 TI - Parenting: the obstetrician's responsibility. PMID- 7024869 TI - Drugs in lactating women. PMID- 7024871 TI - Advance in anesthesiology. PMID- 7024872 TI - Carcinoma of the uterine cervix: some current views. PMID- 7024873 TI - The current status of the DES-exposed population. PMID- 7024874 TI - Interrelation of fetus and amniotic fluid. PMID- 7024875 TI - Current concepts in the management of endometriosis. PMID- 7024876 TI - Primary amenorrhea. PMID- 7024877 TI - Collagen sponge in gynecologic use. PMID- 7024879 TI - Teenage sexuality: the early adolescent years. PMID- 7024878 TI - Midtrimester abortion. PMID- 7024880 TI - Gynecological aspects of the primary chylous reflux syndrome: a review. PMID- 7024881 TI - Postmenopausal estrogen therapy: a review. PMID- 7024882 TI - Effect of cytostatics on prostaglandin F2 alpha prostacyclin, and thromboxane in patients with gynecologic malignancies. AB - Serial measurements of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (a stable metabolite of prostacyclin), thromboxane B2 (TxB2, a stable metabolite of thromboxane A2), and 13,14-dihydro 15-keto-PGF2 alpha (M-PGF2 alpha, a stable metabolite of prostaglandin F2 alpha) were made from plasma of 9 women with metastatic ovarian or uterine malignancies before and after the combined administration of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, 5 fluorouracil, and cis-platinum. Elevated basal levels of TxB2 were detected in all patients, elevated levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in 5 patients and elevated levels of M-PGF2 alpha in 3 patients. The use of chemotherapy was accompanied by a significant increase of 37% (P less than .01) in the M-PGF2 alpha level on the day after treatment and by significant decreases of 30 to 40% (P less than .05) in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2 levels, which became apparent immediately after the treatment and persisted for 3 to 5 days. Thus, malignancies may be accompanied by increased production of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2, which can be lowered by cytostatics. PMID- 7024883 TI - Single-agent cis-platinum therapy for advanced ovarian cancer. AB - From May 1976 to July 1978, 100 patients with untreated stage III or IV ovarian carcinoma were entered into a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing melphalan, cis-platinum, hexamethylmelamine and cyclophosphamide, and a combination of hexamethylmelamine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin). The 22 patients who received cis-platinum, 18 of whom ultimately received hexamethylmelamine and cyclophosphamide therapy, are analyzed, and surgical and chemotherapeutic treatments are described. Response was evaluated by either clinical or surgical methods. Eleven of the 22 patients (50%) responded to cis-platinum treatment. Survival times ranged from 2 to 24 months, with a median survival time of 21.2 months. Gastrointestinal, hematologic, renal, and neurologic toxicities are reported; peripheral neuropathy constituted the major toxicity. Methods of alleviating or preventing neurotoxicity are discussed. It is concluded that cis-platinum as a single agent possesses definite activity against ovarian cancer. PMID- 7024884 TI - [St. Appollonia of Alexandria--the Saint of dentists]. PMID- 7024885 TI - [Efficacy of pathogenetically oriented, conservative treatment in glaucoma as a general pathological process]. PMID- 7024886 TI - New method of embedding the GMA, quetol 523 and methyl methacrylate for light and electron microscopic observation of semi-thin sections. PMID- 7024887 TI - [Induction of regeneration of the bones of the cranial vault in adult dogs as affected by preserved, minced bone tissue]. AB - We transplanting the minced homologous bone tissue conserved by different methods in the region of skull defect of adult dogs, the transplant was shown to be osteogenic inductor and its osteogenic ability was shown to depend on the methods of conservation. Some of them resulted in the full or almost full substitution of the region of defect by regenerating bone adequate by its anatomical and histological structure. The results obtained might be of interest for human therapy since the methods of substitution of skull defects are less effective, not harmless or less convenient in the clinical conditions. PMID- 7024888 TI - [Cells of hematopoietic origin in the connective tissue of various organs in xenogeneic murine radiation chimeras]. AB - The distribution of donor cells in the connective tissue of different organs of xenogeneic (rat in mouse) radiation chimaeras was studied under the normal conditions and upon its de novo formation. The donor cells were identified by means of indirect immunofluorescent method with the use of specific antiserum against surface antigens of the rat bone marrow cells. It was shown that macrophages of subcutaneous connective tissue, lung alveolar macrophages, Kuppfer's cells, macrophages of intestinal mucosa in the long living radiochimaeras were represented by the donor cells. The fibroblast-like cells of donor origin were found in the subcutaneous loose connective tissue, among the connective tissue elements of cross striated muscles, in the cardiac muscle, in the intestinal mucosa. The repopulation of Peyer's patches of the radiochimaeras by the donor cells was demonstrated. The macrophages of hemopoietic origin (donor origin) were found in the inflammatory granuloma in the brain cortex. The donor cells were found in the connective tissue of mammary glands following the hormonal stimulation. Differences were found with respect to binding of the antiserum used to cells of the capsule around the foreign body in different organs of xenogeneic chimaeras. PMID- 7024889 TI - An additional clinical observation in two cases of vertical root fracture. PMID- 7024890 TI - [Results of primary suture of the tendons of the flexor muscles of the fingers in children]. PMID- 7024891 TI - [Tendon injuries in sport activities]. PMID- 7024892 TI - [Glucagon antibodies in the blood of insulin-treated diabetics (effect of monospecific and monocomponent insulin therapy on antibody level)]. PMID- 7024893 TI - [Relation between gastric glycoprotein and proteases in rats with experimental ulcers]. PMID- 7024894 TI - [Rhythms of biological processes as a manifestation of the individual reactivity and constitution of the individual]. PMID- 7024895 TI - [Comparative study of the ultrastructure of small intestine enterocytes and microvessels in germ-free and ordinary guinea pigs infected with E. coli-005]. PMID- 7024896 TI - [Role of urokinase in regulating the fibrinolytic activity of blood in normal dogs]. PMID- 7024897 TI - [The antecedence of V. V. Voronin in several areas of medicine and biology (on the 110th anniversary of the birth of V. V. Voronin)]. PMID- 7024898 TI - [Discriminability of microscopic and biochemical bile indices in different forms of cholepathies in children]. PMID- 7024899 TI - [Content of the basic proteolytic enzyme inhibitors in the blood serum in acute intestinal infections in children]. PMID- 7024900 TI - [Role of the Department of Pediatrics in the system of postgraduate instruction for pediatricians (on the 50th anniversary of the Order of Lenin Central Institute of Advanced Medical Training)]. PMID- 7024901 TI - The contributions of F C Muller-Lyer. PMID- 7024902 TI - Education for nursing: the diploma way 1981-82. Information about NLN-accredited diploma programs in nursing. PMID- 7024903 TI - Diploma programs in nursing accredited by the NLN, 1981-82. PMID- 7024904 TI - Effect of several metal ions on misincorporation during transcription. AB - By use of poly(dA-dT) as template and Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, several metal ions were tested for their effect on the efficiency of transcription and on the misincorporation of CMP into the poly(rA-rU) product. In the presence of 10 mM MgCl2, Mn2+ has a stimulatory effect on the transcription, Co2+ has very little effect on the reaction, Cu2+ and Zn2+ are strongly inhibitory, and Cd2+ and Ni2+ are less inhibitory. The background misincorporation of CMP in the presence of MgCl2 is about 1 nucleotide per 2000 correct nucleotides incorporated and is independent of Mg2+ concentration. Zn2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Li+, Na+, and K+--all nonmutagenic and noncarcinogenic--do not increase misincorporation. Mn2+ causes a concentration-dependent threefold increase in the misincorporation that can be slightly reversed at higher MgCl2 concentrations. Cd2+ causes a dramatic increase in the misincorporation with increasing CdCl2 concentration that can be substantially overcome by higher concentrations of Mg2+. Cu2+ also increases the misincorporation, Ni2+ slightly increases it, and Co2+ does not increase it at all. Several control experiments indicate that the misincorporation of CMP is dependent on the template-directed synthesis of poly(rA-rU). Nearest-neighbor analysis indicates that CMP is incorporated in place of UMP into the poly(rA-rU) product. The increase in misincorporation appears to be related both to the "hard soft" character of the metal ions and to their carcinogenic potential. PMID- 7024905 TI - Mapping of in vitro transcription units and identification of primary transcripts of the D region of bacteriophage T4. AB - The D region of bacteriophage T4 is comprised of six closely linked genes which are situated between 161 kb and 165 kb on the T4 chromosome. We studied the transcription of these genes in vitro by using DNA templates derived from a series of deletion mutants in this region. The mixture of primary products made by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase were fractionated by gel electrophoresis into discrete RNA species. The results obtained together with the known map positions of the deletions allowed to identify four wild-type and several deletion-specific transcripts of the D region. The end points of these transcripts were approximately mapped. The results demonstrate that the D region has two promoters and two terminators, an organisation which is similar to the previously established organisation of the T4 tRNA gene cluster. PMID- 7024906 TI - The rRNA operon from Zea mays chloroplasts: nucleotide sequence of 23S rDNA and its homology with E.coli 23S rDNA. AB - The nucleotide sequence of 23S rDNA from Zea mays chloroplasts has been determined. Alignment with 23S rDNA from E.coli reveals 71 percent homology when maize 4.5S rDNA is included as an equivalent of the 3' end of E.coli 23S rDNA. Among the conserved sequences are sites for base modification. Chloramphenicol sensitivity and ribosomal subunit interaction. A proposal for the base pairs formed between 16S and 23S rRNAs during the 30S/50S subunit interaction is presented. The alignment of maize 23S rDNA with that of E.coli reveals three small insertion sequences of 25, 65 and 78 base pairs, whereas maize 16S rDNA shows only deletions when compared with the E.coli species. PMID- 7024907 TI - Sequence homologies between eukaryotic 5.8S rRNA and the 5' end of prokaryotic 23S rRNa: evidences for a common evolutionary origin. AB - The question of the evolutionary origin of eukaryotic 5.8S rRNA was re-examined after the recent publication of the E. coli 23S rRNA sequence (26,40). A region of the 23S RNA located at its 5' end was found to be approximately 50% homologous to four different eukaryotic 5.8S rRNAs. A computer comparison analysis indicates that no other region of the E. coli ribosomal transcription unit (greater than 5 000 nucleotides in length) shares a comparable homology with 5.8S rRNA. Homology between the 5' end of e. coli 23S and four different eukaryotic 5.8S rRNAs falls within the same range as that between E. coli 5S RNA from the same four eukaryotic species. All these data strongly suggest that the 5' end of prokaryotic 23S rRNA and eukaryotic 5.8S RNA have a common evolutionary origin. Secondary structure models are proposed for the 5' region of E. coli 23S RNA. PMID- 7024908 TI - Cloning of a new mouse foetal beta-globin mRNA sequence. AB - A novel globin cDNA recombinant (pFG5) has been isolated from a 14-15 day Porton mouse foetal liver cDNA library. It codes for a beta-like globin mRNA expressed in foetal liver-derived erythroblasts and erythrocytes but not in adult reticulocytes nor in yolk sac derived nucleated erythrocytes. It is also found in Friend cells induced to differentiate by DMSO. The nucleotide sequence of pFG5 confirms that it does not code for the beta major or beta minor globin chains nor the embryonic epsilon Y2 globin chain; but it is identical to the published partial sequence of the epsilon Y3 globin gene over the region of overlap (78 nucleotides). PMID- 7024909 TI - Yeast ochre suppressor SUQ5-ol is an altered tRNA Ser UCA. AB - Ochre suppressor tRNA was partially purified from strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing the serine-inserting class III suppressor SUQ5-ol. RNA sequence analysis of this tRNA indicated that the suppressor is derived from a UCA-decoding tRNA Ser by a G leads to U substitution in the middle position of the anticodon. The suppressor further differs from the wild-type UCA-decoding tRNA Ser in that the mutant anticodon lacks the modified uridine found in the wobble position of the wild-type tRNA and contains instead another modification in or near the anticodon. PMID- 7024910 TI - Alternative pathways for editing non-cognate amino acids by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. AB - Evidence is presented that the editing mechanisms of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase operate by two alternative pathways: pre-transfer, by hydrolysis of the non cognate aminoacyl adenylate; post-transfer, by hydrolysis of the mischarged tRNA. The methionyl-tRNA synthetases from Escherichia coli and Bacillus stearothermophilus and isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase from E. coli, for example, are shown to reject misactivated homocysteine rapidly by the pre-transfer route. A novel feature of this reaction is that homocysteine thiolactone is formed by the facile cyclisation of the homocysteinyl adenylate. Valyl-tRNA synthetases, on the other hand, reject the more readily activated non-cognate amino acids by primarily the post-transfer route. The features governing the choice of pathway are discussed. PMID- 7024911 TI - Radiation induced DNA double strand breaks are rejoined by ligation and recombination processes. AB - Using the method of filter elution of double stranded DNA under neutral conditions we have shown that most of gamma-ray induced double strand breaks (DSB) are rejoined in both mammalian and bacterial cells. Rejoining also occurs in the G1 phase in V79 Chinese hamster cells and under different growth conditions. Within 8 minutes at 37 C, half the breaks are rejoined. The rejoining in E. coli is equally fast and depends on the presence of DNA ligase. Some of the breaks in E. coli rejoin slowly, and these require rec+. The non-rejoined DSB are distributed over the DNA without any preference for the nucleosomal or the linker structure in the chromosome. Two kinds of DSB rejoining are discriminated, a fast process of DNA ligation and a slower process involving rec functions. PMID- 7024912 TI - Histone modifications in the yeast S. Cerevisiae. AB - The content of the acetylated histone species associated with the highly transcriptionally active chromatin of yeast was examined. We found yeast chromatin to contain very high levels of the acetylated species for histones H3, H4 and possibly the H2B variants, H2B-1 and H2B-2. Sixty-three percent of the histone H4 species was represented by the di-, tri- and tetra-acetylated forms. These results make yeast chromatin among the most highly acetylated of any chromatins reported thus far. In addition, the results are consistent with the idea that hyperacetylation of histones allows chromatin to be transcribed at an increased rate. PMID- 7024913 TI - Secondary structure of the large subunit ribosomal RNA from Escherichia coli, Zea mays chloroplast, and human and mouse mitochondrial ribosomes. AB - Short base-paired RNA fragments, and fragments containing intra-RNA cross-links, were isolated from E. coli 23S rRNA or 50S ribosomal subunits by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The interactions thus found were used as a first basis for constructing a secondary structure model of the 23S rRNA. Sequence comparison with the 23S rDNA from Z. mays chloroplasts, as well as with the 16S (large subunit) rDNA from human and mouse mitochondria, enabled the experimental model to be improved and extrapolated to give complete secondary structures of all four species. The structures are organized in well-defined domains, with over 450 compensating base changes between the two 23S species. Some ribosomal structural "'switches" were found, one involving 5S rRNA. PMID- 7024914 TI - The proteins of the messenger RNA binding site of Escherichia coli ribosomes. AB - Oligo(U) derivatives with [14C]-4-(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methylamino)benzaldehyde attached to 3'-end cis-diol group via acetal bond, p(Up)n-1UCHRCl as well as with [14C]-4-(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methylamino)benzylamine attached to 5'-phosphate via amide bond, ClRCH2NHpU(pU)6 were used to modify 70S E. coli ribosomes near mRNA binding centre. Within ternary complex with ribosome and tRNAPhe all reagents covalently bind to ribosome the extent of modification being 0.1-0.4 mole/mole 70S. p(Up)n-1UCHRCl alkylates either 30S (n=5,7) or both subunits (n=6,8). rRNA is preferentially modified within 30S subunit. ClRCH2NHpU(pU)6 alkylates both subunits the proteins being mainly modified. The distribution of the label among proteins differ for various reagents. S4, S5, S7, S9, S11, S13, S15, S18 and S21 are found to be alkylated within 30S subunit, proteins L1, L2, L6, L7/L12, L19, L31 and L32 are modified in the 50S subunit. Most proteins modified within 30S subunit are located at the "head" of this subunit and proteins modified within 50S subunit are located at the surface of the contact between this subunit and the "head" of 30S subunit at the model of Stoffler. PMID- 7024915 TI - Mechanism of ultraviolet-induced mutagenesis: the coding properties of ultraviolet-irradiated poly(dC) replicated by E. coli DNA polymerase I. AB - We have identified three lesions rather than cyclobutane dimers which alter the properties of UV-irradiated poly(dC) as a template for E.coli DNA polymerase I, and have characterised these lesions with respect to their coding properties, rates of formation and decay, and their sensitivity to uracil DNA glycosylase. Our results lead us to conclude that these lesions are (1) cytosine hydrates, which code for cytosine and to a lesser extent thymine, (2) uracil hydrates, which code for adenine and are not sensitive to uracil DNA glycosylase, and (3) uracils, which code for adenine and are removed by uracil DNA glycosylase. PMID- 7024916 TI - Studies on transfer ribonucleic acids and related compounds. XL. Synthesis of an eicosaribonucleotide corresponding to residues 35-54 of tRNAfMet from E. coli. AB - An E. coli tRNAfMet fragment [C-A-U-A-A-C-C-C-G-A-A-G-G-U-C-G-U-C-G-G (bases 35 f54)] containing the anticodon triplet has been synthesized by the phosphotriester method involving protected oligonucleotide blocks. Di- or tri nucleotide blocks were prepared by condensation of 2'-O-(o-nitrobenzyl) nucleotide derivatives and used for the synthesis of pentanucleotide blocks. The 5'-hydroxy, heterocyclic amino and internucleotide linkage were protected with monomethoxytrityl, acyl and p-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. The 3' phosphates of the pentanucleotides, except for the GUCGG block where 2'-O-benzoyl 3'-O-(o-nitrobenzyl) N-isobutyrylguanosine was used, were protected with p chlorophenyl and anilido groups. The anilido groups were removed by treatment with isoamyl nitrite and the 3'-phosphodiesters of resulting pentamers were activated with mesitylenesulfonyl nitrotriazolide to give protected decanucleotides in yields of 61-89%. The two decanucleotides were condensed similarly to yield the protected eicosanucleotide in a yield of 59%. The product was deblocked and purified by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and characterized by enzymatic hydrolysis after labelling the 5'-end by phosphorylation using polynucleotide kinase and [gamma-32P]ATP. PMID- 7024917 TI - Is wheat mitochondrial 5S ribosomal RNA prokaryotic in nature? AB - Kuntzel et al. (1981) (Nucleic Acids Res. 9, 1451-1461) recently concluded that the sequence of wheat mitochondrial 5S rRNA is significantly more related to prokaryotic than to eukaryotic 5S rRNA sequences, and displays an especially high affinity to that of the thermophilic Gram-negative bacterium, Thermus aquaticus. However, the sequence on which this conclusion was based, although attributed to us, differs in several places from the one determined by us. We show here that the correct sequence (Spencer, D.F., Bonen, L. and Gray, M.W. (1981) Biochemistry, in press) does not support the conclusions of Kuntzel et al. about potential secondary structure in wheat mitochondrial 5S rRNA and its phylogenetic significance. We further show that when the wheat mitochondrial 5S rRNA sequence is matched against published alignments for E. coli, T. aquaticus, and wheat cytosol 5S rRNAs, the mitochondrial sequence shows no greater homology to the T. aquaticus sequence than to the E. coli sequence, and only slightly more homology to these two sequences than to wheat cytosol 5S rRNA. This analysis confirms our original view (Biochemistry, in press) that wheat mitochondrial 5S rRNA is neither obviously prokaryotic nor eukaryotic in nature, but shows characteristics of both classes of 5S rRNA, as well as some unique features. PMID- 7024918 TI - Secondary structure comparisons between small subunit ribosomal RNA molecules from six different species. AB - Secondary structure models are presented for three pairs of small subunit ribosomal RNA molecules. These are the 16S rRNA from E. coli cytoplasmic and Z. mays chloroplast ribosomes, the 18S rRNA from S. cerevisiae and X. laevis cytoplasmic ribosomes, and the 12S rRNA from human and mouse mitochondrial ribosomes. Using the experimentally-established secondary structure of the E. coli 16S rRNA as a basis, the models were derived both by searching for primary structural homology between the three classes of sequence (12S, 16S, 18S), and also by searching for compensating base changes in putative helical regions of each pair of sequences. The models support the concept that secondary structure of ribosomal RNA has been extensively conserved throughout evolution, differences in length between the three classes of sequence being accommodated in distinct regions of the molecules. PMID- 7024919 TI - Usage of the three termination codons in a single eukaryotic cell, the Xenopus laevis oocyte. AB - Oocytes from Xenopus laevis were injected with purified amber (UAG), ochre (UAA), and opal (UGA) suppressor tRNAs from yeasts. The radioactively labeled proteins translated from the endogenous mRNAs were then separated on two-dimensional gels. All three termination codons are used in a single cell, the Xenopus laevis oocyte. But a surprisingly low number of readthrough polypeptides were observed from the 600 mRNAs studied in comparison to uninjected oocytes. The experimental data are compared with the conclusions obtained from the compilation of all available termination sequences on eukaryotic and prokaryotic mRNAs. This comparison indicates that the apparent resistance of natural termination codons against readthrough, as observed by the microinjection experiments, cannot be explained by tandem or very close second stop codons. Instead it suggests that specific context sequences around the termination codons may play a role in the efficiency of translation termination. PMID- 7024920 TI - Determination of base pairing in yeast 5S and 5.8S RNA infrared spectroscopy. AB - Infrared Spectroscopy was used to determine the numbers of base pairs for yeast 5S RNA and 5.8S RNA. The spectra were recorded at 20 degrees C and 50 degrees C, where tertiary interactions are assumed to be of less importance. It may be concluded that the structure of both RNAs is highly ordered and that there are large contributions of tertiary interactions. The results are compared with data derived from structural models that were proposed in the literature as well as with data previously published for prokaryotic 5S RNAs. PMID- 7024921 TI - [Evaluation of renal transplant function by 99mTc-DTPA dynamic imaging (author's transl)]. AB - In 60 patients with a kidney transplant 86 perfusion studies with 99mTc-DTPA were performed during the early postoperative period. Correlative data and clinical differentiation were obtained by isotope nephrograms, laboratory values and clinical presentation. In addition to evaluation of scintiphotos, time-activity curves were derived from the transplant and evaluated quantitatively, obtaining a perfusion ratio by a computer program. A ratio of greater than 0.80 was found to be normal. In 20 patients with acute rejection, the ratio was decreased. In 13 patients with acute tubular necrosis, the perfusion ratio was between 0.39 and 0.65, decreasing further during an added rejection crisis. Follow-up examinations confirmed rejection through a decrease of the perfusion ratio (mean difference 0.44; p less than 0.025). In 9 cases, successful rejection therapy was documented by an increase (mean difference 0.29; p less than 0.005). In addition to quantitative evaluation, visual analysis revealed acute occlusion of the renal artery, renal infarction, urinoma, ureteral stenosis or necrosis. Quantitative scintigraphy with 99mTc-DTPA broadened the methods of describing kidney transplant function. Its quantitative evaluation enables the definition of acute rejection and its differentiation from acute tubular necrosis combined with acute rejection in the early postoperative period. Since the method recognizes morphological alterations as well, it usefully complements isotope nephrography. PMID- 7024922 TI - [An adaptation function for describing time-activity curves in nuclear medicine (author's transl)]. AB - Radioisotopic time-activity curves can be described by a function known from the physics of heat conduction. This function, called in this paper "tracer function", is a special solution of one-dimensional differential equation of heat conduction. The function is especially useful in the quantitation of left-to right cardiac shunts by analysis of the pulmonary time-activity curve. The first transit curve is determined from the amplitudes on the ascending slope of the curve only including the maximum. The shunt curve analysis uses two parameters derived from the first transit curve and then the position and amplitude of the shunt curve maximum only. PMID- 7024923 TI - Clinical studies of bone metabolism using a simple model of calcium tracer kinetics. AB - Bone metabolism studies were performed in 44 subjects with and without bone disease using a calcium tracers kinetics model, the central feature of which is an expanding exchangeable calcium pool. In normal subjects the accretion rate and the exchangeable calcium pool ranged from 1.49 to 8.45 (mean 3.9 +/- 2.05) mg.d 1kg-1 and from 60 to 131 (mean 81.25 +/- 18.11) mg.kg-1, respectively. The patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. Pierre Marie's disease and one out of two cases of hypoparathyroidism had values which fell within the normal range. Both the accretion rate and the exchangeable calcium pool were significantly elevated in patients with Paget's disease and with hyperparathyroidism. Uremic patients with generalized bone lesions had accretion rates or both parameters elevated. As far as patients with successful renal transplant are concerned, the results suggest that this method is a very poor means for detecting bone disorders with only focal lesions. In contrast, the method can be very useful when persistent renal osteodystrophy or secondary hyperparathyroidism are suspected. PMID- 7024924 TI - Control mechanisms and the 'new nurses' 1881-1914. PMID- 7024925 TI - Nursing care study: a patient with burns from a chip pan fire. PMID- 7024926 TI - Reminiscences (Florence Nightingale). PMID- 7024927 TI - Infection control up to the Renaissance. PMID- 7024928 TI - Diary of a VAD 1940-9: a privilege and a pleasure. PMID- 7024929 TI - Diary of a VAD 1940-9. Cruise on a midget submarine carrier. PMID- 7024930 TI - A new look at old wives. PMID- 7024931 TI - Diary of a VAD 1940-9: living it up in Hong Kong. PMID- 7024932 TI - Differences in the nuclear proteins of normal and malignant liver cells. AB - Immunological tests and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed differences between the nuclear proteins from normal and malignant liver cells. Immunization of rabbits with a nuclear nonhistone protein fraction isolated from normal mouse liver resulted in antisera that in immunofluorescence gave nuclear staining in sections of normal liver, but did not stain nuclei of a transplantable mouse hepatoma. Antisera prepared against a nuclear protein fraction from the hepatoma allowed immunofluorescent staining of hepatoma nuclei but did not stain nuclei from normal liver. Nuclei in liver regeneration after injury caused by administration of carbon tetrachloride stained with antiserum against normal nuclei but not with antisera against hepatoma nuclei. Neither antiserum stained nuclei in fetal liver cells. The presence of differing sets of nuclear proteins in the normal and malignant liver cells was indicated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Approximately 300 polypeptides were resolved by this technique. Most of these were quantitatively different in the normal and hepatoma nonhistone protein preparations. Several qualitative differences also seemed to be present. Nonhistone proteins from regenerating liver shared some polypeptides with hepatoma that were absent in normal liver. Nuclear proteins characteristic of malignant tissues may provide clues toward the understanding of gene regulation in malignant cells, and some of them could become useful tumor markers. PMID- 7024933 TI - Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1). Purification and partial characterization. AB - The pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein, SP1, was purified to homogeneity from placental extract and from serum using immunoadsorbent techniques. The isolated SP1 had a molecular weight of 90,000-110,000 daltons and an amino acid and amino sugar composition typical of an acidic glycoprotein. The availability of purified SP1 will be of value in the further evaluation of the role and importance of SP1 in malignancies as well as in normal development. PMID- 7024934 TI - [Late skeletal changes in the syndrome of Caffey-Silverman (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024935 TI - Neuroendocrine disorders and psychopathology. PMID- 7024936 TI - Stress and bodily illness. PMID- 7024937 TI - Diagnostic considerations in the medical setting. PMID- 7024938 TI - Psychological reactions to machine dependency: hemodialysis. PMID- 7024939 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy in the medically ill patient. PMID- 7024940 TI - Biobehavioral sciences: an emerging research agenda. PMID- 7024941 TI - [Prospective studies on the effectiveness of long-term anticoagulant treatment in coronary disease]. PMID- 7024942 TI - [Immunotherapy of chronic inflammatory and allergic-inflammatory respiratory tract diseases - a current problem]. PMID- 7024943 TI - [Achievements in the treatment of acute hepatic insufficiency]. PMID- 7024944 TI - [Dialysis encephalopathy]. PMID- 7024945 TI - [Ectopic production of chorionic gonadotropin by neoplasms]. PMID- 7024947 TI - [Prof. Wlodzimierz Lawkowicz (1908-1979)]. PMID- 7024946 TI - [Levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid and glucose following prolonged treatment of hypertension with low and normal renin activity with hydrochlorothiazide]. PMID- 7024948 TI - [Biological properties of fibrinogen degradation products by thrombin]. PMID- 7024949 TI - [Use of prostaglandins in extracorporeal circulation and hemodialysis]. PMID- 7024950 TI - Walter Sandritter (7 July 1920 - 12 November 1980). PMID- 7024951 TI - The Maude Abbott lecture. Quantitative pathology in theory and practice. PMID- 7024952 TI - [In Memoriam: Erwin Uehlinger (8. August 1899 - 18. April 1980)]. PMID- 7024953 TI - Anatomy of the prostate: an historical survey of divergent views. AB - Historically, the study of the prostate anatomy has been characterized by a proliferation of contradictory findings. The major divergent views of prostate anatomy are here reviewed and compared in order to facilitate further study and the ultimate selection of the best anatomical model. The details of Lowsley's original concept of the prostate lobes and the subsequent evolution of this concept into several contradictory hypotheses are traced. Discrepancies between the findings of Lowsley, Franks, and McNeal are explained. Conclusions are drawn which may facilitate the further study of anatomy and disease in both the human animal prostate. PMID- 7024954 TI - Overview of past and current philosophy of prostatic cancer. AB - Carcinoma of the prostate is the second most common cancer in men, yet no significant change in overall survival has occurred since the original description of the results of castration by Huggins and Hodges. Many important questions about the disease remain unanswered. The cause of prostatic cancer is unknown, and few specific environmental or viral agents have been linked with the tumor. Increased recognition of the importance of frequent digitial rectal examination has resulted in more tumors being diagnosed in early stages. Developments in sonography suggest that it may be useful in detecting the presence of prostatic cancer and whether extraprostatic extension has occurred. Recent inprovements in the sensitivity of prostatic acid phosphatase assays have been made, but their use as a screening tool remains limited. In patients with clinical stage B lesions that are microscopically confined to the prostate, treatment by radical prostatectomy appears to confer greatest survival. The exact role of radiotherapy remains to be defined. However, when the tumor extends beyond the prostate and is localized to the pelvis, external beam ro interstitial radiation is appropriate. Pelvic lymphadenectomy has significant morbidity, but less invasive methods of pelvic nodal evaluation are less accurate. Lymphadenectomy has not been shown to have any therapeutic effect. Whether hormonal therapy improves survival needs further investigation, and efforts must continue to develop means of predicting hormonal responsiveness. Those patients unlikely to respond to hormonal therapy should be treated with early chemotherapy. PMID- 7024955 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy to definitive treatment of prostate cancer. AB - Even though surgery and/or radiation has been the treatment of choice of early carcinoma of the prostate, there is conclusive evidence that tumor may recur in a certain number of patients at the primary site and/or at a distant location. The only way to achieve a complete cure in these patients with localized cancer appears to be by addition of relatively safe, effective chemotherapeutic agents. Estracyt and/or Cytoxan appear to be such agents. These two drugs showed definite activity in the treatment of patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma. Chemotherapeutic agents appear effective as adjuvant in the treatment of other solid tumors. It is worthwhile that this modality of treatment be tried in patients with early, curable prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 7024956 TI - Immunohistological approaches to human prostatic epithelial cells. AB - Specific anti-acid phosphatase antisera were prepared by the use of purified prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) from prostatic tissue and lysosomal acid phosphatase (L-AcP) from diploid fibroblast (WI-38) as antigen. Since the antigenic difference between the PAP and L-AcP was established, distribution of these enzymes among various tissues and tissue culture cells was investigated by the indirect immunofluorescence method and the unlabeled antibody method [14]. The L-AcP has been detected as granules localized in a perinuclear portion of all of the epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and peripheral blood cells except erythrocytes. Presence of the PAP was limited to the prostatic epithelial cells. It is also noted that the biosynthesis of the PAP is strikingly diminished in the long-term culture of prostatic epithelial cells. However, because of the antigenic difference between the PAP and L-AcP, and because of the high concentration of PAP in the cytoplasm of prostatic epithelial cells, it is feasible to apply the anti-PAP immunofluorescence method to the identification of metastatic prostatic carcinoma cells in the biopsy materials. PMID- 7024957 TI - Immunology and biochemistry of the Regan isoenzyme. AB - The Regan isoenzyme is a placental-type alkaline phosphatase that is expressed in a number of human tumors, particularly in gonadal and urologic cancers. Attention is given to the unique gene that codes for placental alkaline phosphatase and the similarities and differences in the tumor and placental gene products. The separation and identification of individual organ-specific isoenzymes is accomplished by a variety of biochemical, immunologic, and electrophoretic techniques and the correlation of the Regan isoenzyme, non-Regan isoenzyme, and Nagao isoenzyme, and the Kasahara isoenzyme is made with their developmental counterparts. The L-leucine-sensitivity phenotypes of placental and tumor alkaline phosphatases and the non-Regan early placental type alkaline phosphatases appear to be developmental phase-specific. Oncotrophoblast gene expression has been investigated with monophenotypic cell culture lines as a consequence of modulation by prednisolone and hyperosmolarity. Finally, general discussion of oncodevelopmental proteins as tumor markers precedes a current opinion of Regan isoenzyme as a tumor marker. Evidence now points to seminoma as a consistent producer of Regan isoenzyme although much more work will be required to establish its clinical utility. PMID- 7024958 TI - Acid phosphatase and prostate cancer: historical overview. PMID- 7024959 TI - Clinical significance of serum and bone marrow acid phosphatase. AB - Currently available immunochemical assays for the determination of serum prostatic acid phosphatase have improved the reliability of this biological marker in carcinoma of the prostate. Although the value of such methods for screening the general population is questionable, a certain percentage of elevated serum levels is observed in patients with localized disease. The significance of such findings is unclear at the present time. Recent evidence suggests that in elevated bone marrow acid phosphatase, using these methods is of predictive value in the future development of metastatic disease. PMID- 7024960 TI - Creatine kinase BB and other markers of prostatic carcinoma. AB - Creatine kinase BB has been described to be elevated in the serum of patients with prostate cancer. The incidence of abnormal serum levels correlates with the degree of differentiation of the tumor; that is, the more poorly differentiated tumors are associated most frequently with elevated CK-BB levels. We have recently described two additional findings which involve CK-BB in prostate cancer: 1) the finding of abnormally migrating CK-BB bands reported to be IgG-CK BB complexes in several Stage D patients and in 2/3 Stage B patients following 125I implants, and 2) significant differences between CK-BB purified from prostatic fluid from CK-BB of brain origin. In particular, we find two bands of prostatic CK-BB following purification as compared to a single band from brain, when the same purification protocol is used. While further characterization of these differences is proceeding, the two bands of CK-BB are being used to develop a prostate-specific antiserum for use in immunoassays to detect prostate cancer in conjunction with other traditional markers such as prostatic acid phosphatase. If serum detection of tumor markers is to be efficacious, tumor marker panels such as CK-BB and prostatic acid phosphatase may provide a significant advantage over individual markers. PMID- 7024961 TI - Immunohistochemistry of prostatic acid phosphatase. AB - The human prostatic acid phosphatase is a specific marker for the prostatic epithelial cells. By using an immunoperoxidase staining method for this enzyme, it is possible both to identify the prostatic epithelial cells and to recognize the prostatic origin of metastatic lesions of prostate cancer. Of the tissues containing prostatic epithelial cells from 120 patients, positive staining reaction was detected in 114 (95%), and negative in 6. In nonprostatic tissues from 242 patients, weak but positive staining reaction was detected in 8 (3.3%), including tissues from one renal cell carcinoma and 7 breast carcinomas. Of 27 patients in whom tumor tissues were tested at a time when tumor origin was unknown, the staining reaction was positive in 14 patients later found to have prostate cancer. It was negative in 6 patients with nonprostatic carcinoma and 7 patients with carcinoma of unknown primary. Although this immunohistochemical technique for prostatic acid phosphatase appears promising in diagnosing metastatic prostate cancer, its clinical significance and limitations remain unclear, and there are considerable technical problems yet to be solved. These problems are best approached by joint collaborative efforts of the various investigators interested in prostate cancer. PMID- 7024962 TI - [Specific nucleotide sequences in heterogeneous nuclear RNA (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024963 TI - [Post-infection changes of genetic regulation process in plants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024964 TI - Streptococcal pharyngitis--rapid diagnosis by Gram stain. AB - Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci were isolated from 51 (9.8%) of 519 patients with pharyngitis. Throat culture results showed the mean sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of a positive Gram-stained smear of pharyngeal secretions as 70%, 89% and 69%. The data suggest that Gram staining of a smear directly from the swab is as accurate as and more speedy than a culture from the pharyngeal secretion for diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis. PMID- 7024965 TI - [Partial denture by I.R.V.---functional, prophylactic management of typical complex defects]. PMID- 7024966 TI - [Abutment tooth with periodontal diseases (2)]. PMID- 7024967 TI - [Technique in complete denture making--simple method of utilizing the present denture]. PMID- 7024968 TI - [How to use nickel-chromium alloys in prosthodontics. 1. How to make a prosthesis, and some problems in the use of alloys]. PMID- 7024969 TI - [How to obtain a plaster bite, and mount a dental articulator]. PMID- 7024970 TI - [Abutment teeth in periodontal diseases]. PMID- 7024971 TI - Metronidazole in the treatment of chronic pressure sores and ulcers. A comparison with standard treatment in general practice. PMID- 7024972 TI - Mictral, a citrated formulation of nalidixic acid in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis. A study in general practice in Scotland and the Irish Republic. PMID- 7024973 TI - Antihypertensive medication regimens and their revision. A General Practitioner Clinical Research Group study. PMID- 7024974 TI - Dr John Hall, Shakespeare's son-in-law. A vignette of Elizabethan medicine. PMID- 7024975 TI - [Renal alterations in chronic respiratory insufficiency physiopathologic considerations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024976 TI - [Diabetic glomerulosclerosis and hypoglycemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024977 TI - [Contribution to local topical therapy of mastodynia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024978 TI - [Captopril in the treatment of hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024979 TI - [Genetic factors in epilepsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7024980 TI - The multiplication of three different isolates of group B streptococci in pregnant mice. AB - The ability of three streptococcal isolates of different pathogenicity to multiply in the tissues of pregnant mice was investigated following intravenous injection. The highly pathogenic isolate multiplied most rapidly whilst the isolate of low pathogenicity showed the least rapid growth within the observation period of 24 hours. The greatest concentration of streptococci per gram of tissue was found in the placentae of mice injected with the highly pathogenic and moderately pathogenic isolates when compared with the concentration of livers and spleen. Fetal infection did not occur within 24 hours of intravenous injection of the isolates but retarded fetal growth and infection was demonstrable five days after the injection. The isolate of moderate pathogenicity infected a greater proportion of the fetuses than the isolates of low pathogenicity. It is suggested that the outcome of streptococcal infections by the ability of isolates to multiply in host tissues. PMID- 7024981 TI - [Live immobilized cells as biocatalysts of transformation and biosynthesis of organic compounds: a review]. AB - The paper reviews the data concerning immobilization of liver microorganisms obtained by the author and found in the literature. The paper discusses different immobilization techniques maintaining cell viability (at least, in part): adsorption, covalent binding, incorporation into different gels (alginates, collagen, polyacrylamide gel, carrageens, etc). The paper summarizes the information about physiology and morphology of resting and growing immobilized cells. It describes the relationship between the level of stability of enzymic activity and cell viability in the course of semi--continuous and continuous transformations. It is emphasized that live immobilized cells can be widely used as highly active polyenzymic systems requiring no exogenous cofactors. PMID- 7024982 TI - [Mice with an excess hematopoietic microenvironment ("super-CFUc-mice") as a model for studying the stromal regulation of hematopoietic stem cells]. PMID- 7024983 TI - [Pathogenesis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children]. PMID- 7024984 TI - [Diagnostic importance of the quantitative determination of the extent of bacteria excretion during the chemotherapy process in chronic destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7024985 TI - [Computer study of the frequency of clinical x-ray signs of tuberculosis, chronic pneumonia and lung cancer]. PMID- 7024986 TI - [Pulmonectomy in a total lung lesion combined with pleural empyema]. PMID- 7024987 TI - [Development of sanatorium and health resort treatment of tuberculosis patients on the southern coast of the Crimea]. PMID- 7024988 TI - [Bacteriological and biochemical identification of mycobacteria]. PMID- 7024989 TI - Evidence for trypsin-like proteases in pituitaries of Dahl salt sensitive and salt-resistant rats. PMID- 7024990 TI - Inhibitors of acrosin and SH-protease in normal human urine. PMID- 7024991 TI - Role of insulin in mandibular growth and development. PMID- 7024992 TI - Failure of indomethacin to inhibit saralasin-stimulated plasma renin activity in conscious dogs with mild sodium depletion. PMID- 7024993 TI - Three-dimensional microanatomy of intracellular structures. AB - Cell organellae were observed in three-dimensions with specimens prepared by the "Osmium-DMSO-Osmium method". 1. Cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum were closely apposed to form a lamellar system of flat cavities. On their outer surfaces, numerous ribosomes were studded. 2. In mitochondria, the cristae mitochondriales were clearly observed. On the cristae, numerous small particles, which might correspond to inner membrane particles, were seen. 3. Golgi complex consisted of a Golgi stack with numerous vesicles, a plexus of anastomotic tubuli, and vacuoles which might be secondary lysosomes. 4. Centrioles was observed as a cylindric body. Its wall might be composed of a bundle of tubular elements and the central cavity was filled up with small granules. PMID- 7024994 TI - Morphological specializations of the ventricular surface of the choroidal epithelium and associated epiplexus cells. PMID- 7024995 TI - Automatic image analysers and their use in anatomy. PMID- 7024996 TI - Stereological analysis of the thyroid gland by light microscopy. PMID- 7024997 TI - Morphometry of cortical dendrites. PMID- 7024998 TI - Characterization of hematopoietic stem cells. The fundamental role of the transitional cell compartment. PMID- 7024999 TI - Characterization of free surface microprojections on the kidney glomerular epithelium. AB - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate free surface microprojections on the kidney glomerular epithelium in response to various experimental situations. Normally glomerular epithelial podocytes exhibit a rather sparse population of finger-like or bleb-like projections. Some investigations, however, have suggested that microvillous projections may increase in number during the differentiation of podocytes and in the aging kidney. With the onset of puromycin aminonucleoside induced nephrotic syndrome, podocyte microprojections become very knob-like and irregular in their shapes. In response to the in vitro environment, the number of podocyte microprojections increases dramatically. Neuraminidase removal of the sialic acid component of the glomerular glycocalyx and exposure to either cytochalasin B (25 microgram/ml) or cytochalasin D (2 microgram/ml), prevent the in vitro formation of podocyte microprojections. In vitro incubation in compounds which depolymerize cytoplasmic microtubules (e.g. vinblastine sulfate 10(-5); colchicine 10(-5) M), however, result in the formation of unusually long glomerular epithelial microprojections. Investigations utilizing the cationic ligand polycationized ferritin (PCF) have shown that podocyte microprojections are the most anionic sites on the free surfaces of these cells. During prolonged incubation of PCF treated glomeruli, the tips of podocyte microprojections are the last sites to shed the anionically bound PCF. It is suggested that the highly anionic sialic acid components of the glomerular free surface glycocalyx may play principal roles in the formation, maintenance and shapes of glomerular podocyte microprojections. PMID- 7025000 TI - The thymus and haemopoiesis. PMID- 7025001 TI - Structure of pulmonary lymphatics and lung clearance. PMID- 7025002 TI - Role of the bovine lymph system in the defense mechanism of the distal lung. PMID- 7025003 TI - Morphophysiologic bases for the predisposition of the bovine lung to bronchial pneumonia. AB - The susceptibility of the bovine lung to pneumonia may be attributed to the following morphophysiologic features: 1. The large, rugose, nonciliated surface of the pharyngeal tonsil; retrograde drainage from the pharynx during inflammation; gravitational effects on the predominant ventral parts of the pulmonary lobes. 3. Limited compliance due to abundant interstitial connective tissue. 3. Relatively small lungs for the mass of the animal with low tidal volume and functional residual capacity; lower capacity for diffusion of oxygen across the air-blood barrier than in most mammals. 4. Sensitivity of the bovine respiratory tract to marked alterations in ambient environmental temperatures. 5. Normally high pulmonary arterial pressure. PMID- 7025004 TI - Pineal control of reproduction. PMID- 7025005 TI - In vivo microscopy of internal organs. PMID- 7025006 TI - Circadian rhythms in cell proliferation: their importance when investigating the basic mechanism of normal versus abnormal growth. PMID- 7025007 TI - The use of Radioactive labeling in hemoglobin identification. AB - The basic approach to radioactive labeling techniques in hemoglobin identification consists of mixing 14C labeled normal carrier globin with 3H labeled unknown globin and carrying out the subsequent separations and purifications looking at the distribution of 3H and 14C radioactivity. This technique was devised to ascertain the amino acid substitution in Hb Indianapolis and was instrumental in solving the structure of Hb Vicksburg. It was also useful in determining the purity of gamma-chains from cultures of human and baboon erythroid progenitors. Another use of this technique would be in identifying aberrant peaks of radioactivity in chain separation chromatograms, such as "pre peaks". PMID- 7025008 TI - Influence of Escherichia coli endotoxin on palmitate, glucose, and lactate utilization by isolated dog heart myocytes. AB - The in vitro effects of E. coli 0127:B8 endotoxin on the oxidation of palmitate, glucose, and lactate by isolated, beating, adult dog heart myocytes were studied. The result were correlated with the in vitro effect of endotoxin on the transport of palmitate and glucose by using their respective analog, hexadecanol and 3-O methyl-D-glucose. Endotoxin decreased palmitate but increased glucose and lactate oxidation in a dose-dependent manner. The changes in palmitate and lactate oxidation induced by endotoxin could not be corrected by addition of L-carnitine to the reaction mixture. The transport of hexadecanol or of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose was not affected by endotoxin. These results suggest that the endotoxin-induced alteration in palmitate and glucose oxidation by the heart is not the result of an impairment in metabolite transport, but rather a defect in the subsequent intracellular oxidative processes. PMID- 7025009 TI - Metabolic and endocrine alterations induced by endotoxin and sepsis at the cellular level. PMID- 7025010 TI - Interactions of bacterial lipopolysaccharides with tissue macrophages and plasma lipoproteins. AB - Several of the cellular and molecular interactions of LPS within the experimental host have been examined in an attempt to elucidate the potential role of these interactions in initiating the pathophysiologic events of endotoxemia. Using 125I LPS, the clearance of LPS from the blood and its tissue, cellular and subcellular localization was established. The H-Mo was found to be the major host site of intravenous LPS localization and, subsequently, the effect of LPS on explanted H Mo was demonstrated to be both directly cytotoxic and stimulatory of a selective increase in several cellular enzymes. Both the depression in H-Mo function and the stimulation of release of local and systemic mediators by LPS give the H-Mo a potential central role in initiating endotoxemic shock and DIC. Finally, the marked reduction in the clearance rate of LPS remaining in plasma after the initial rapid tissue localization was found to coincide with a density shift to less than 1.2 g/cm3 for the parent LPS. This density shift was found to be dependent upon binding of the LPS to HDL in the serum or plasma and, with the presence of cellular HDL receptors, accounts for a shift in tissue localization to the adrenals. A postulated effect of direct adrenal damage by LPS can thus be invoked as contributing to the endotoxemic syndrome. PMID- 7025011 TI - Possible contribution of platelets to the pathophysiology of host responses of endotoxin. PMID- 7025012 TI - Direct action of bacterial endotoxin on cells, mitochondria, and lysosomes. PMID- 7025013 TI - In vitro interactions of endotoxin, chromatin, DNA, and steroid hormone receptors. PMID- 7025014 TI - Endotoxin-initiated membrane changes in rabbit platelets. PMID- 7025015 TI - Some effects of Escherichia coli endotoxin on cells in culture. PMID- 7025016 TI - Hepatocyte-Kupffer cell interactions in the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis by bacterial endotoxin. PMID- 7025017 TI - Leukotriene-C4 induces generation of PGI2 and TXA2 in guinea-pig in vivo. PMID- 7025018 TI - The spontaneous motility and the prostaglandin E-like material generation is different in the implantation and in the non-implantation regions of the uterus isolated from rats in natural estrus. Influences of indomethacin. PMID- 7025019 TI - Cytoprotection by sulglycotide: prevention of gastric necrosis in rat. PMID- 7025020 TI - [Pharmacognosy--yesterday, today and tomorrow]. PMID- 7025021 TI - [A history of the study of alkaloids]. PMID- 7025022 TI - [Possibilities and problems of organ-selective active principles and drugs]. PMID- 7025023 TI - [Life and work of eminent Thuringian pharmacists]. PMID- 7025024 TI - [Synthetic inhibitors of serine proteinases. 27. The inhibitory effects of amides of 4-amidinophenylacetic acid and 4-amidinophenoxyacetic acid]. PMID- 7025025 TI - [Stability testing of solid drugs using preferentially thin-layer chromatography and differential thermal analysis. Part 7: The stability of drugs and preparations (author's transl)]. AB - Beside the temperature etc., certain properties of the crystal surface, the water content, catalytic actions and possible oxidation processes determine the stability of solids. Stability testing of drugs (aiming at fixing time-limits for the storage of drugs) according to the schedule elaborated by the authors provides specific quantitative methods of analysis only for substances of relatively poor storage stability. Already two or three temperature-time experiments (12h/140 degrees C; 20 d/90 degrees C; 43 d/80 degrees C) permit to evaluate the stability of the drugs by thin-layer chromatography and differential thermal analysis. Almost 80% of the substances tested comply with the prerequisites for the recommendation of a time-limit of 10 years for storage. PMID- 7025026 TI - Concurrent inhibition by tunicamycin of glycosylation and parasitemia in malarial parasites (Plasmodium falciparum) cultured in human erythrocytes. AB - Tunicamycin (0.1--10 microgram/ml) incubated 96 h with human erythrocytes infected with malarial parasites significantly decreased parasitemia compared to controls. The antimalarial effect of tunicamycin was dose-related and paralleled its inhibition of the incorporation of radiolabeled glucosamine into parasite derived membrane macromolecules. Tunicamycin had no significant effect on isoleucine incorporation into parasite-derived macromolecules. These results suggest that tunicamycin may act by inhibition of the glycosylation of parasite macromolecules. The results also indicate the role of glycosylated macromolecules in the survival of the erythrocytic stage of Plasmodium falciparum and the potential for selective inhibitors of the glycosylation of parasite macromolecules as agents for malarial chemotherapy. PMID- 7025027 TI - 2-Deoxyglucose: inhibition of parasitemia and of glucosamine incorporation into glycosylated macromolecules, in malarial parasites (Plasmodium falciparum). AB - Cultured malarial parasites were incubated with various doses of 2-deoxyglucose (0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mM) for 48 h. Effects of 2-deoxyglucose on parasite survival were determined by counting the number of parasites/10,000 erythrocytes. Effects of 2-deoxyglucose on synthesis of membrane proteins and glycosylated macromolecules were monitored by metabolic labelling using radioactive isoleucine and glucosamine, respectively. 2-deoxyglucose significantly reduced parasite survival and synthesis of glycosylated macromolecules. Further incorporation of radioactive isoleucine was reduced at dose levels of 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mM. Inhibition of parasite survival was related closely to inhibition of incorporation of radioactive glucosamine into macromolecules. These results suggest that the antimalarial action of 2-deoxyglucose involves reduced synthesis of membrane glycosylated macromolecules by cultured parasites. PMID- 7025028 TI - Antiestrogens. PMID- 7025029 TI - Properties and pharmacological action of plague murine toxin. PMID- 7025030 TI - Anthrax toxin. PMID- 7025031 TI - Transport of nucleoside drugs in animal cells. PMID- 7025032 TI - History of pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7025033 TI - Patients' experience of pain. PMID- 7025034 TI - Assessment of analgesic drugs. PMID- 7025036 TI - Antitoxic immunity in cholera and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhea. PMID- 7025035 TI - Neurolytic and other locally-acting drugs in the management of pain. PMID- 7025037 TI - The entomocidal toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis. PMID- 7025038 TI - Analogs of pyrimidine and purine mononucleotide precursors as metabolic inhibitors. PMID- 7025039 TI - E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin. PMID- 7025040 TI - Estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters: statistical considerations. PMID- 7025041 TI - John F.J. Cade, 1912 to 1980: a reminiscence. PMID- 7025042 TI - Times ago--times three. PMID- 7025043 TI - Doctor Watson's brothers. PMID- 7025044 TI - The personalization of medical care in a research environment. PMID- 7025045 TI - Francis Weld Peabody: the blending of general internal medicine and clinical science. PMID- 7025046 TI - Respiration responses of a polA1 and a tif-1 mutant of Escherichia coli to far ultraviolet irradiation. PMID- 7025047 TI - Evidence against a photoprotective component of photoreactivation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7025048 TI - The interaction of a gene (nur) controlling near-UV sensitivity and the polA1 gene in strains of E. coli K12. PMID- 7025049 TI - Action spectra in mammalian cells exposed to ultraviolet radiation. PMID- 7025050 TI - Psoralens, UVA (PUVA) and photocarcinogenesis. PMID- 7025051 TI - Lethal effects of natural solar ultraviolet radiation in repair proficient and repair deficient strains of Escherichia coli: actions and interactions. PMID- 7025052 TI - Serum insulin, glucose and triglyceride response of Zucker obese and lean rats to cholecystokinin. PMID- 7025053 TI - [Florence Nightingale's concept of nursing]. PMID- 7025054 TI - Construction and fine mapping of recombinant plasmids containing the rrnB ribosomal RNA operon of E. coli. PMID- 7025055 TI - Effects of plasmids on chromosome metabolism in bacteria. PMID- 7025056 TI - Killing of Klebsiella pneumoniae mediated by conjugation with bacteria carrying antibiotic-resistance plasmids of the group N. PMID- 7025057 TI - The expression of plasmid-determined resistance to ampicillin in colicin K tolerant mutant of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7025058 TI - Isolation and characterization of R-plasmid variants with enhanced chromosomal mobilization ability in Escherichia coli K-12. PMID- 7025059 TI - R-factor-mediated suppression of the galactose-sensitive phenotype of Escherichia coli K-12 galE Mutants. PMID- 7025060 TI - Synthetic ColE1 Plasmids carrying genes for penicillin-binding proteins in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7025061 TI - Clinical experience with polyurethane-covered gel-filled mammary prostheses. AB - We have used 104 low-profile polyurethane-covered gel-filled mammary prostheses in 54 patients. Only one patient has developed capsular contracture. Foreign-body reaction to polyurethane was clinically significant in only one patient. Other complications have been few and of the type that can accompany any type of mammary prosthesis. Of the 54 patients studied, 51 still have their implants in place and have soft, compressible breasts. The superior wrinkling and palpable implant edge that is occasionally present when the implant is placed subcutaneously has been of some concern to patients and can be eliminated by submuscular placement. The use of polyurethane-covered low-profile gel-filled prostheses for breast reconstruction has greatly improved our results, and the satisfaction of both surgeon and patient has been gratifying. PMID- 7025062 TI - Extrusion of an infected orbital-floor prosthesis after 15 years. PMID- 7025063 TI - Nocardiosis of the upper limb. PMID- 7025064 TI - Alexis Carrel: the man, the unknown. PMID- 7025065 TI - Keloid. PMID- 7025066 TI - The effect of intravenous prostacyclin on resting pains and healing of ischaemic ulcers in peripheral artery disease. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) was given intravenously in doses of 1 to 5 ng/kg/min to eight consecutive patients with end stage peripheral arteriosclerosis and ischaemic ulcers. Seven patients had intense ischaemic pains. Complete or partial healing of ulcers were seen in six cases (complete in three). In those whose ulcers healed (complete or partially) relief of ulcer pain was remarkable. Acute studies of the effect of prostacyclin on skin temperature of ischaemic areas showed no correlation with clinical effects. Seven patients had more or less pronounced subjective side effects, most often flushing, nausea, headache and uneasiness. As we previously have seen equally good healing and pain relieving effects by the administration of prostaglandin E1 without these side effects the latter compound is so far preferred in the treatment of severe peripheral artery disease. Controlled studies of the effect are needed. PMID- 7025067 TI - Cervical dilatation in late first trimester termination by prostaglandin, hylase and isogel. AB - Pre-operative dilatation of the cervix was attempted in 223 cases prior to vacuum aspiration in patients seeking late first trimester termination beyond ten weeks. 15 Me PGF2a was used in the form of vaginal suppositories, intramuscular and intracervical injections. Dilatation of cervix of 10 mm or more was achieved within 4 hours in 86% cases with intra-cervical injections. Gastro-intestinal disturbances caused by intra-muscular injections could be avoided by intra cervical injections, as the amount of prostaglandin required was only 100 ugm, but the success rate was significantly lower. The success with multiple dose suppositories was 80%. There was no significant difference in the success with 1.5 mgm or 1.0 mgm dosage, but the side effects were significantly higher with 1.5 mgm suppositories. Intra-cervical Hylase did not dilate the cervix but successfully softened it within 5 minutes to make metallic dilatation simple. The hygroscopic Isogel tents achieved dilatation of 10 mm or more in 73% of the patients in 12 hours. The tents as well as intra-cervical prostaglandin injection had the disadvantage of requiring an additional theatre procedure prior to suction curettage. PMID- 7025068 TI - Measurement of 6-keto-prostaglandin E1 alpha in human plasma with radioimmunoassay: effect of prostacyclin infusion. AB - A radioimmunoassay for 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), a stable hydration product of prostacyclin (PGI2), is described. The method utilises plasma extraction with ethyl acetate and saturation analysis. Antiserum was produced in rabbits against 6-keto-PGF1 alpha-BSA conjugate, and its cross reactions with 22 prostaglandins and related compounds were insignificant. The mean mass of added 6-keto-PGF1 alpha required to displace zero-point binding by 50 % was 55.6 +/- 5.1 pg (mean +/- SD, N = 10). The method blank was 7.8 +/- 2.4 pg/ml (N = 10), resulting in a detection limit of 12.6 pg/ml (mean blank + 2 SD). The intra-assay variation was between 4.1 - 8.2 % at concentrations between 150.3 pg/ml and 560.7 pg/ml (N = 10). The interassay variation was 12.4 % (N = 15). The recoveries of 100 pg/ml or 200 pg/ml added to the plasma samples (N = 10) were 90.2 % and 95.4 %, respectively. The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations in healthy subjects ranged from 92.7 to 394.5 pg/ml with a mean of 182.5 pg/ml in plasma. The presence of acetylsalicylic acid or indomethacin in the collection tubes caused no changes in plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentration. Intravenous infusion of PGI2 (1-8 ng/kg/min) into 6 healthy women caused linear increases in 6-keto PGF1 alpha concentrations in plasma. After the discontinuation of PGI2 infusion, the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels decreased rapidly, the half-life being approximately 30 minutes. PMID- 7025069 TI - Increased plasma levels of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha, a stable metabolite of prostacyclin, in acute kidney transplant rejection. AB - In 30 patients after kidney transplantation, 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha was examined in unextracted plasma by a specific radioimmunoassay. The material was divided into three groups. Patients with acute transplant rejection showing the highest 6-oxo PGF1 alpha levels, patients with delayed transplant rejection having significantly lower plasma values and a third group of patients with stable transplant function. In these patients the plasma 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha-values were below the lower limit of detection (70 pg/ml). The enhanced 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha during rejection crisis could be interpreted as a self protection mechanism of vascular tissue which is, however, not sufficient in many cases, to prevent the irreversible rejection of the transplant. PMID- 7025070 TI - Prostaglandins in myocardial: with emphasis on myocardial preservation. AB - Various therapies during early hours of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been suggested to protect ischemic myocardium and reduce infarct size. Despite reports that prostaglandins (PGs) are released during myocardial ischemia, and that prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) have opposing effects on vasomotion and platelet aggregation, the physiologic roles of PGs, PGI2 and TXA2 in AMI have not been clearly defined. However, in pharmacologic doses, experimental evidence suggests that vasodilator PGs might be beneficial, and vasoconstrictor PGs might be deleterious, in AMI. Recent recognition that coronary spasm is frequent in AMI has led to the notion that an increased PGI2/TXA2 ratio might be desirable. Thus, exogenous PGE1, exogenous PGI2 or tis more stable analogs, drugs that stimulate PGI2 release, and inhibitors of TXA2 and harmful PGs are potential agents for protective therapy in AMI. PMID- 7025071 TI - Value of platelet sensitivity to antiaggregatory prostaglandins (PGI2, PGE1, PGD2) in 50 patients with myocardial infarction at young age. AB - Based upon earlier findings of our group that not only the synthesis of antiaggregatory prostaglandins by the vessel wall is altered in atherosclerotic vascular tissue of patients, but also the sensitivity of their platelets to these prostaglandins is changed, we examined a well defined group of 50 patients with myocardial infarction before the age of 40 years. In all patients the coronary heart disease was verified by angiography. The sensitivity of the platelets was examined in relation ot the smoking habit, the type and presence of hyperlipoproteinemia, one, two and three vessel disease and familial history. Except for hyperlipoproteinemia and smoking, all the patients were free of any additional risk factor. It is demonstrated that the platelet sensitivity to the antiaggregatory prostaglandins is significantly diminished in hyperlipoproteinemics in comparison to a control group. PMID- 7025072 TI - Maternal plasma levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha during pregnancy and puerperium. AB - To study the production of antiaggregatory and vasodilatory prostacyclin (PGI2) during human pregnancy and puerperium, we measured the concentrations of 6-keto prostaglandin F1alpha, the stable hydration product of PGI2, with specific radio immunoassay in plasma samples from 53 women between 11 and 41 weeks of normal pregnancy, 11 puerperal women 53-60 days postpartum and 20 healthy nonpregnant control women. The levels of 6-keto-PGF1alpha did not change during the course of pregnancy, and the mean (+/- SE) levels of 6-keto-PGF1alpha during pregnancy (255.5 +/- 8.7 pg/ml) or puerperium (254.7 +/- 12.3 pg/ml) were not significantly different from the mean level of 277.7 +/- 10.6 pg/ml in the nonpregnant control women. There was no correlation between the 6-keto-PGF1alpha concentration and pregnancy week, maternal age, parity or lactation. Thus, it is evident that PGI2, as measured by its metabolite levels in maternal plasma, does not change during human gestation. PMID- 7025073 TI - In memoriam. Roger Stretch. June 9, 1935-June 18, 1980. PMID- 7025074 TI - [The relations between family, patient and clinic in inpatient psychiatric treatment and psychotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - The patient's relatives are rarely included in the treatment afforded to the patient in both psychiatric and psychotherapeutic and psychosomatic clinics. The family is in fact often regarded as a disturbing factor. So far, only few publications have devoted any attention to the importance of the family for the initiation and successful or unsuccessful course of inpatient treatment in neurotically and psychosomatically disturbed patients. The present article surveys the most important publications dealing with the interrelations between family and clinic before, during and after inpatient treatment. Furthermore, therapeutic techniques for including the relatives in the treatment process are described. These publications have mainly originated from contacts with psychotics and their families. PMID- 7025075 TI - Treatment validity of different diagnostic concepts of depression. AB - This study evaluated the comparative treatment validity of four different but overlapping sets of criteria for the diagnosis of depression: the St. Louis, New York, Texas Actuarial, and Composite criteria. Results revealed that none of the criteria offered predictive strength or demonstrated particular advantages over the others. Patients excluded by each of the various criteria tended to do as well as those included; a small percentage of patients included by each of the criteria were nonresponders to drug therapy. Once a clinical and psychometric diagnosis was established, then no additional (short-term) prognostic information was gained by further scrutiny with the various research diagnostic criteria examined. PMID- 7025076 TI - An expectancy-attribution model of the effects of placebos. PMID- 7025077 TI - Presidential address 1981. Life experiences and creativity of great composers: a psychosomaticist's view. PMID- 7025078 TI - [Techniques for an immediate temporary denture]. PMID- 7025079 TI - [The surface of human dental cement after subgingival abrasion (comparing the use of manual instruments with ultra-sonic instruments)]. PMID- 7025080 TI - [Allocation of duties between prosthodontics and dental technology]. PMID- 7025081 TI - Hydrodynamic properties of complex, rigid, biological macromolecules: theory and applications. PMID- 7025082 TI - Forward scattering of light, X-rays and neutrons. AB - The central points of this paper can now be summarized. We consider here, for simplicity only, vanishing particle concentration. In equilibrium sedimentation equation (6) applies. The density increment is a measurable quantity. It can either be introduced into equation (6) to calculate M2, or it can be analysed by equation (7) and (8) to provide additional information on specific volumes and solute interactions. Light scattering is determined by the analogous equation (20). The refractive index increment is also experimentally accessible and its structure (not considered here) is similar to that of the density increment Small angle X-ray scattering is determined by equation (31) and the electron density increment which appears in this equation cannot be directly determined by experiment. Yet it can be obtained in straight-forward fashion from the mass density increment, by equation (34). Similarly, in the case of neutron scattering (equation (38)), the scattering length density increment is obtained from the mass density increment by equation (40), or it may now be directly evaluated by neutron interferometry. It is thus possible to analyse all forward scattering phenomena on the bases of well established fluctuation theory. In this chapter the emphasis has been on forward scattering only, but the considerations should be taken ito account as well at finite values of the scattering vector q. Whereas the role of interparticle interactions diminishes at low concentrations and at short distances (increasing q), the composition of the 'invariant' particle (as required in the analysis of Luzzati & Tardieu, 1980) should, as before, be characterized by the thermodynamic analysis. Additional points discussed have dealt with the connection with the conventional particle contrast parameters (Section 4 and equations (44)-(48)), the effect of heterogeneity in particle composition and systems comprising two homomacromolecules (equations (21)-(24)), the effect of hydrogen-deuterium substitution on mass density and scattering length density increments (equations (42) and (43)). Numerical examples have been worked out for density increments and interaction parameters of CsDNA in CsCl (Table 1, Fig.3) and for properties of this system in hydrogen-deuterium mixtures (Table 2, Figs 4 and 6). The implications of these considerations for other systems have been considered. PMID- 7025083 TI - The power of movement in plants: the role of osmotic machines. PMID- 7025084 TI - Managing gingival tissues during definitive restorative treatment. PMID- 7025085 TI - A prosthetic solution with cantilevered ceka-attachments. PMID- 7025086 TI - Crown contours that promote access for oral hygiene. PMID- 7025087 TI - Effect of dose rate on the induction of DNA double-strand breaks in eucaryotic cells. PMID- 7025088 TI - Low dose-rate irradiation in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukaemia in first remission. PMID- 7025089 TI - Perspectives on accreditation--one aspect of the credentialing process. PMID- 7025090 TI - Postphlebographic thrombosis: a double-blind study with methylglucamine metrizoate and metrizamide. AB - A double-blind, randomized study was conducted in 170 patients to compare the effects of two hypertonic contrast media in phlebography of the leg: one was ionic [methylglucamine metrizoate (Isopaque Cerebral, 280 mg I/mI)] and the other nonionic [metrizamide (Amipaque, 280 mg I/mI)]. Ninety patients who showed no venous thrombosis on phlebography were followed up for 6 days with the 125I fibrinogen uptake test, and those with abnormal scans were referred for further phlebography. Eleven of the 42 patients in the Isopaque group (26%) demonstrated signs of fresh venous thrombosis, compared with only 2% (1/48) in the Amipaque group, a highly significant difference (p less than 0.001). Six patients in the Isopaque group (14%) demonstrated clinical signs of superficial thrombophlebitis, which was not seen in the Amipaque group. Anticoagulant therapy is effective in preventing contrast-induced thrombophlebitis. PMID- 7025091 TI - Clinical experience with 99mTc-disofenin as a cholescintigraphic agent. AB - 99mTc-disofenin, a derivative of iminodiacetic acid, was used for cholescintigraphy in 6 volunteers (in addition to assessment of blood and urine clearance) and in 82 patients referred for evaluation of hepatobiliary tract disease. This radionuclide was cleared rapidly from the blood by the hepatocytes, which permitted satisfactory to excellent images of the hepatobiliary system; interference by renal activity was seen in only 9/82 patients (11%). Acute cholecystitis was correctly diagnosed in 20 patients, although 9 (45%) had jaundice; bilirubin levels ranged from 1.2 to 7.6 mg/dl. The biliary tract was normal in 16 of the 27 patients with jaundice (60%). PMID- 7025092 TI - The fluidity of cell membranes and its regulation. PMID- 7025093 TI - Repair replication schemes in bacteria and human cells. PMID- 7025094 TI - The inducible repair of alkylated DNA. PMID- 7025095 TI - Functions induced by damaged DNA: summary. PMID- 7025096 TI - DNA and nucleoside triphosphate binding properties of recA protein from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7025097 TI - Molecular mechanism for the induction of "SOS" functions. PMID- 7025098 TI - Comparative induction studies. PMID- 7025099 TI - [Mechanism of inhibition of blood coagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025100 TI - [Refolding process of small globular proteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025101 TI - [Recent advances in multiple forms, type A and type B, of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025102 TI - [Organization of the eukaryotic genome and inactive regions in the expression of genetic information (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025103 TI - [Constitutive heterochromatin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025104 TI - [Facultative heterochromatin (inactivation of X chromosome) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025105 TI - [Sequence analyses of highly repeated DNA in eukaryote genomes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025106 TI - [Spacer DNA (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025107 TI - [Isolation of heterochromatin and its characteristic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025108 TI - [Molecular structure of active and inactive chromatin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025109 TI - [The formation of ideals in the succession of generations]. PMID- 7025110 TI - [Hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025111 TI - [The leukocyte adherence inhibition test in diagnostics of malignancies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025112 TI - [Andrzej Badurski (1740--1789) foundator of student's hospital and initiator of clinical teaching of medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025113 TI - Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulates luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release from median eminence synaptosomes. AB - Third ventricular injections of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) result in increased circulating levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) in conscious, freely moving, ovariectomized (OVX) rats. This effect of VIP has been hypothesized to be mediated via stimulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) secretion from hypothalamic neurons since VIP is incapable of stimulating LH release from rat pituitaries in vitro. To test this hypothesis, crude synaptosomes were prepared from OVX rat median eminence (ME) tissue. Release of LH-RH from these preparations displayed time and temperature dependencies. Additionally, depolarization-induced (elevated K+) LH-RH release was demonstrated to be Ca2+-dependent. VIP, in doses ranging from 1.5 x 10(-7) to 1.5 x 10(-9) M, was capable of stimulating significantly greater LH-RH release from ME synaptosomes than that from control preparations. VIP's close structural homolog, glucagon, was incapable at the same doses of stimulating increased LH-RH release. These findings offer an explanation for the effect of third ventricularly injected VIP on LH release and suggest a modulatory role for VIP in the hypothalamic control of LH secretion. PMID- 7025114 TI - [Studies on (14)C-labeling of urokinase with (14)C-acetic anhydride (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025115 TI - On predicting therapeutic usefulness of psychotropic drugs from experiments in health persons. PMID- 7025116 TI - Genetic information and the life-span of laboratory animal models. PMID- 7025117 TI - Ovarian steroids and pituitary function in some experimental animals and in man. PMID- 7025118 TI - Some methods to assess the autonomic effects of psychotropic drugs in man. PMID- 7025119 TI - [Endemic goiter: classification and history]. PMID- 7025120 TI - [Reversal of vasectomy with microsurgery]. PMID- 7025121 TI - [50 years of university education in dentistry: a historical survey]. PMID- 7025122 TI - [The development of dentistry in Belgium from 1830 to 1930]. PMID- 7025123 TI - [Historical survey of the stomatology and dental surgery Service of the Catholic University of Louvain]. PMID- 7025124 TI - [The development of dental surgery at the RUG since 1930]. PMID- 7025125 TI - [The development of dental surgery at the Free University of Brussels 1950-'68 in the framework of the ULB unit; from 1969 to the present: as an independent university]. PMID- 7025126 TI - [A century of Belgian medico-dental dates (1830-1930)]. PMID- 7025127 TI - [Teaching of dental medicine at the Catholic University of Louvain]. PMID- 7025128 TI - [Teaching of dental medicine at the Free University of Brussels]. PMID- 7025129 TI - [Dental medicine at the University of Liege]. PMID- 7025130 TI - [Human infection by Yersinia enterocolitica and pseudotuberculosis in Spain. Analysis of 80 recent cases]. PMID- 7025131 TI - [Anti-ribosome antibodies (immunofluorescence) associated with chronic active hepatitis]. PMID- 7025132 TI - An update of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 7025133 TI - The regulation of the mammalian corpus luteum. PMID- 7025134 TI - Current status of thymosin and other hormones of the thymus gland. PMID- 7025135 TI - Immunochemical studies relating to cholecystokinin in brain and gut. PMID- 7025136 TI - Studies on the structure and function of the chicken progesterone receptor. PMID- 7025137 TI - Effect of intermittent positive pressure application on the bulk modulus of the developing rabbit trachea. AB - Tracheal dimension, pressure-volume relationships and bulk modulus (K) were determined in excised fetal and adult rabbit tracheal segments before and after application of intermittent positive pressure (IPP) which was 0--25 cm H2O pressure, at 30 cycles/min, and for a duration of 60 min. Both tracheal elastic behavior and dimensions underwent dramatic changes following IPP. At 21, 27, 31 days gestation age, the bulk modulus, K, of the rabbit trachea approximated those of the adult control values. However, the adult values of K did not vary significantly after IPP. The associated increase in tracheal dimensions were also related to the maturity of the animal. Significant structural and functional barotrauma is thus sustained by immature airways, and may account for the tracheal deformation frequently observed as a result of IPP. PMID- 7025138 TI - Insidious onset of acute alveolar hypoventilation following intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB). AB - 2 patients developing acute alveolar hypoventilation following IPPB therapy are presented. The hypoventilation occurred insidiously following therapy. It is hypothesized that respiratory center depression from excessive oxygen administration caused the hypoventilation. When the IPPB machines were driven by compressed air instead of oxygen, this complication was revealed in 1 of the patients. PMID- 7025139 TI - Apneustic respiration normalized by an atypical cholinergic drug action in cats. AB - Cats were anesthetized with a mixture of pentobarbital and barbital given intraperitoneally and vagotomized. All animals were pretreated with atropine i.v. which blocked conventional muscarinic receptors and at the same time revealed atropine-insensitive sites whose stimulation by the cholinergic drug, bethanechol, was earlier found to produce respiratory analepsis. Respiration was recorded by pneumotachograph and intrapleural cannula. Apneustic breathing was produced by placing electrolytic lesions in the pneumotaxic area or by injecting a local anesthetic agent into the cerebrospinal fluid. Experiments were performed under isocapnic conditions. Bethanechol, administered intracerebro-ventricularly, restored regular breathing and increased the tidal volume in a dose-related manner within minutes of its injection. In cats with lesions, the expiratory pause generally decreased first and was followed by shortening of the inspiratory plateau. In cats made apneustic by intracerebro-ventricular injection of procaine, bethanechol acted competitively to normalize the distorted waveshape. The central excitant drug pentylenetetrazol was given intravenously for comparison with bethanechol. Apneustic breathing was partially corrected by pentylenetetrazol through a facilitatory influence on the brain stem interpreted to be independent of its convulsant action. These experiments demonstrate correction of pathological breathing by two chemically unrelated agents which share the ability to increase central excitatory state. PMID- 7025140 TI - Effect of assisted ventilation on respiratory drive of normal anesthetized dogs. AB - We measured the diaphragm electromyogram (EMGd) and airway occlusion pressure (P100) of anesthetized dogs at the ends of 30-min of alternating spontaneous breathing and assisted mechanical ventilation (inspiratory positive pressure triggered by a minimal inspiratory effort; IPPB). Peak airway pressures (Paw) of 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm H2O were applied in random order during IPPB. The initial rate of rise of EMGd (4 experiments) and P100 (9 experiments) decreased during IPPB, both in proportion to the Paw. At Paw of 20 cm H2O, PaCO2, EMGd and P100 decreased on the average 5.2 Torr, 58% and 56%, respectively. When PaCO2 was kept the same during IPPB as during spontaneous breathing (8 experiments), IPPB reduced EMGd and P100 15% and 24% respectively, both statistically significant. During progressive cooling of both cervical vagi, the effect of IPPB (Paw=20 cm H2O) on EMGd and P100 decreased progressively, near maximal at 6--4 degrees C and after vagotomy. However, the decrease in PaCO2 during IPPB was not affected. These data suggest that increasing tidal volume during IPPB depresses respiratory drive (EMGd and P100), partially from decreased PaCO2 and partially from stimulating pulmonary stretch receptors. The drop in PaCO2 during IPPB does not appear to be vagally mediated. PMID- 7025141 TI - [The French Organization for the Prevention of Blindness]. PMID- 7025142 TI - [Outstanding events in the history of Socola Hospital or the future of psychiatry. To adapt, to heal, to recover]. PMID- 7025143 TI - [Scientific activity in pharmaceutics at the Society of Physicians and Naturalists in Iasi]. PMID- 7025144 TI - Treatment of extensive third degree burns. A Chinese concept. PMID- 7025145 TI - Syndrome of hyperinfection with Strongyloides stercoralis. AB - Two patients hyperinfected with Strongyloides stercoralis (an intestinal nematode) are described. Both were both in Puerto Rico and had left the island six to 15 years previously; both were receiving adrenal steroids (one for Hodgkin's disease and the other for Goodpasture's syndrome). One died shortly after diagnosis, but the other survived the hyperinfection syndrome and complicating bacterial sepsis and meningitis. In addition to our case reports, 103 previously described cases of presumed strongyloides hyperinfection are reviewed. Among 89 patients immunocompromised by therapy or disease, the mortality rate was 86%; bacterial sepsis often contributed to the fatal outcome. In most cases, infection was acquired in an endemic area, sometimes long before the hyperinfection syndrome occurred. The few patients who had never been to an endemic area had a history of prolonged contact with highly soiled material, an observation suggesting cross infection from a contaminated person. When administered in time, thiabendazole, the drug of choice for strongyloidiasis, was effective in 70% of cases. If intestinal infection with S. stercoralis is detected and treated before immunosuppressive therapy is initiated and if a high index of suspicion for the hyperinfection syndrome is maintained while immunosuppressive therapy is given, the mortality from this disease should decrease. PMID- 7025146 TI - Study of rimantadine in the USSR: a review of the literature. AB - The results of basic-science and clinical studies performed in the USSR with the drug rimantadine are summarized. In the investigations cited, the therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of rimantadine against infection with influenza virus was tested, and rimantadine was shown to be clinically efficacious and free of toxicity, both in studies with volunteers and in persons with natural disease during epidemics of influenza. Administration of 50 mg of the drug for 15-30 days was effective for prevention of influenza, and administration, early in the course of illness, of dosage of 150 mg per day for three to five days resulted in a favorable clinical response. The combination of immunization and chemoprophylaxis was shown to be highly effective for the prevention of influenza. PMID- 7025147 TI - The immunology of leprosy: speculations on the leprosy spectrum. AB - Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The disease presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from lepromatous to tuberculoid leprosy; each form may be punctuated by episodes of acute exacerbation, called reactional states. These polar forms and reactional states appear to be determined by immunologic interactions between the host and the microorganism. This review describes the different measurable parameters that permit the classification of a particular form according to clinical, bacteriologic, histologic, and immunologic spectra. Secondly, the current state of knowledge on essential immunologic features of leprosy is presented, with a description of the various alterations of cellular and humoral immune responses that can be tested by specific and nonspecific methods. The last part of the review is devoted to an analysis of the leprosy spectrum and to speculations about a number of possible factors that may influence the immune response of the host in a manner analogous to that observed in experimental models. PMID- 7025148 TI - The importance of lactic acid levels in body fluids in the detection of bacterial infections. AB - Lactic acid can be formed as a "blind alley" in the metabolic degradation of glucose, especially under anaerobic conditions. The presence of bacterial infection in a closed body cavity induces elevated levels of lactic acid, as is evident in bacterial and fungal infections inthe meninges, joints, peritoneum, and pleura. Although measurement of lactate levels is not a test without faults, it is still a valuable tool in the early recognition of bacterial infections of various body cavities and can assist in the differentiation between infectious and noninfectious conditions. False-positive readings can be obtained with severe anoxia of the CNS, and with irritation of the peritoneal or pleural cavities due to metastases. False-negative values can be obtained in gonococcal arthritis. Table 1 presents accepted normal values for lactic acid in various body sites and the levels of lactic acid than can signify the presence of infection. Further work is still needed to provide better understanding of the mechanisms that cause changes in concentrations of lactic acid. PMID- 7025149 TI - Nocardial infections in the immunocompromised host: A detailed study in a defined population. AB - A retrospective, clinical, epidemiologic, and risk-factor analysis was performed on 21 recipients of cardiac allografts who had experienced nocardiosis since the inception of the cardiac transplantation program at Stanford University Medical Center in 1968. The lung was the primary and only detectable site of infection in 17 (81%) of 21 patients, and there were three cases of disseminated disease. Presenting symptoms were either nonspecific (dry cough and fever) or absent (in 40%). The time of onset of infection following transplantation was variable (range, 43-982 days), and there was no period of peak incidence. Epidemiologic and risk-factor analysis failed to identify a nosocomial point-source or specific parameters that predisposed a patient to nocardial infection. Nocardiosis was not associated with the onset of primary infection with cytomegalovirus following transplantation. However, an association between pulmonary nocardiosis and subsequent development of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis was established in five of the 21 patients. All patients with nocardiosis were treated primarily with sulfisoxazole (6-12 g per day) for a mean of 13.2 months. No deaths were attributable to nocardial infection, nor could acquisition of the infection be shown to affect overall survival. The results of the study support an aggressive approach to diagnosis of infections in the immunocompromised host and suggest that a favorable therapeutic outcome may be anticipated in such individuals who sustain nocardiosis if the diagnosis is made early in the course of the infection and if appropriate antimicrobial therapy is instituted. PMID- 7025150 TI - Direct effects of hyperthermia on pathogenic microorganisms: Teleologic implications with regard to fever. AB - Fever recently has been the subject of numerous reviews in the clinical literature. Although most of these reviews have devoted considerable attention to studies concerned with the effect of temperature on the immunologic responses of higher animals, they generally have ignored data concerned with the direct effects of physiologic variations in temperature on pathogenic microorganisms. This review summarizes the current status of our knowledge of the reactions of clinically important microorganisms to variations in temperature within the physiologic range and attempts to relate data obtained from in vitro studies of these reactions to the still-unresolved question of the teleologic significance of fever. PMID- 7025151 TI - Therapeutic efficacy of 29 antimicrobial regimens in experimental intraabdominal sepsis. AB - An animal model of colonic perforation was used to examine the efficacy of 29 antimicrobial regimens in the treatment of intraabdominal sepsis. Efficacy was judged on mortality during the first 12 days after challenge and on the incidence of intraabdominal abscess noted at necropsy upon completion of the experiment. In general, antimicrobial agents that are active against coliform bacteria prevented early mortality, whereas drugs that are active against Bacteroides fragilis were most effective in reducing the incidence of late abscess formation. Exceptions were metronidazole, which produced a significant reduction in early mortality, and chloramphenicol, which caused only a modest reduction in the incidence of abscess. Optimal results were obtained with several regimens that showed good in vitro activity against both coliforms and B. fragilis. PMID- 7025152 TI - The microbicidal mechanisms of human neutrophils and eosinophils. PMID- 7025153 TI - Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli: Their role in infection and patterns of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. II. Little-known Fusobacterium species and miscellaneous genera. AB - Twenty infrequently reported species of gram-negative anaerobic bacilli other than Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and members of the genus Bacteroides were studied with regard to their role in infection and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. In addition, the literature regarding the recovery of these organisms from both the normal flora and infections of humans was reviewed. During a six-year period at the Wadsworth Clinical Anaerobic Bacteriology Research Laboratory (Veterans Administration Wadsworth Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif.), 39 (6%) of 679 specimens obtained from anaerobic infections yielded "other gram-negative anaerobic bacilli" (OGNAB). Fusobacterium naviforme, Fusobacterium gonidiaformans, Fusobacterium varium, Fusobacterium mortiferum, and Fusobacterium russii were the most commonly isolated OGNAB. Most of the OGNAB tested were resistant to erythromycin, and most strains, except for F. varium, were susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics and clindamycin. Chloramphenicol and metronidazole were active against all strains of OGNAB tested. Certain Fusobacterium species are undoubtedly previously unrecognized members of the normal flora of the oropharynx, upper respiratory tract, or urogenital tract and may be present in infections derived from these floras. PMID- 7025154 TI - The assessment of antimicrobial combinations. AB - The traditional approach to the study of the interaction between antimicrobial agents relies on the assumption that inhibition of growth by antimicrobial agents follows a linear dose-response curve. Because this assumption is invalid, we propose that antimicrobial combinations should be assessed by empiric dose response curves that would distinguish synergistic, additive, and antagonistic effects on the rate of cell growth. This approach predicts synergy for the model combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole and should also be applicable to other combinations of antimicrobial agents nd to combinations of antitumor agents. PMID- 7025155 TI - Some observations on the pneumococcus and on the current status of pneumococcal disease and its prevention. AB - Although the means whereby pneumococcus damages the hosts it invades remain unknown, some advances in understanding the biology of this organism and the pathogenesis of pneumococcal infection have been made in recent years. Knowledge of the composition of the cell wall (C) polysaccharide of the pneumococcus and its relation to the capsular polysaccharides of this organism is considered and a hypothesis of the evolution of the pneumococcal capsule is entertained. Refinements in understanding the pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia, bacteremia, and otitis media are reviewed, and current knowledge of the epidemiology of pneumococcal infections and of the distribution of pneumococcal types causing such infections is discussed. The history of the development of pneumococcal vaccines is summarized briefly, together with an account of the field trials of contemporary polyvalent vaccines of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides conducted recently. PMID- 7025156 TI - Serum antibody responses of high-risk children and adults to vaccination with capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Pneumococcal antibody was measured in the sera of splenectomized children, children with neprotic syndrome, adult with chronic renal failure, adults maintained on hemodialysis, adult recipients of renal allografts, and normal children and adults before and after vaccination with a polyvalent vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae. The medical conditions of these patients are associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to pneumococcal disease. Nonimmunosuppressed splenectomized children, children with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome, and adults maintained on hemodialysis had normal concentrations of antibody in serum and normal antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccine. Children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and adult recipients of renal allografts had low concentrations of antibody in serum before and after vaccination but showed an antibody increase after vaccination. During the first year after vaccination of the splenectomized patients, serum antibody concentrations declined linearly by 24%-32% from the peak antibody level. These results suggest that immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharides may reduce the indicence of pneumococcal disease in some high-risk patients but not in others. PMID- 7025157 TI - Chemistry and immunochemistry of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine with special reference to cross-reactions and immunologic factors. AB - This review summarizes data on the cross-reactions observed among the subtypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Types 6A and 6B; 19F, 19A, 19B, and 19C; 18F, 18A, 18B, and 18C; and 23F, 23A, and 23B were examined with use of radioimmunoassay for measurement of inhibition of binding; the cross-reactions are discussed in terms of the known chemical structures of the antigens involved. Cross-reactions observed with use of rabbit antisera proved to be an unreliable guide to the responses observed thus far in humans. Cross-reactions of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antigens with other bacterial antigens are mentioned. These cross reactions are analyzed with the idea of maximizing the effectiveness of the pneumococcal vaccine. Immunologic factors that may determine the quality and/or quantity of the immune response to immunization are discussed. These factors include antigenic competition and influence of preimmunization levels of antibody. Antigenic competition, although not a major concern with the present vaccine, may determine the upper limit of the number of capsular types that can be present in a single vaccine. The preimmunization level of antibody may determine the specificity of the antibody produced after vaccination. PMID- 7025158 TI - Assessment of the antibody response to pneumococcal vaccine in high-risk populations. AB - Vaccine-induced levels of antibody to Streptococcus pneumoniae of approximately 250-300 ng of antibody nitrogen/ml are protective against pneumococcal disease. Side effects of vaccination are not severe and are generally confined to local reactions at the site of inoculation. Patients with a documented high risk of acquiring pneumococcal disease include the elderly, especially those with underlying cardiopulmonary disease, and those with sickle cell anemia, Hodgkin's disease, a renal transplant, multiple myeloma, asplenia, and nephrotic syndrome. People with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or renal failure do not appear to be at high risk. All of these groups, except those with multiple myeloma, respond to vaccine with levels of antibody that are protective for many but not all of the serotypes included in the vaccine. Immunosuppression, splenectomy, and hemoglobinopathy depress antibody response. Duration of vaccine-induced antibody is unknown but may be shorter than that in normal persons. Preliminary guidelines for vaccination are proposed. PMID- 7025159 TI - Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide vaccine: age and dose responses, safety, persistence of antibody, revaccination, and simultaneous administration of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. AB - Contemporary 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine was first licensed in 1977 in the United States, where about four million doses of vaccine have been distributed to date. The vaccine induces excellent antibody responses in elderly persons as well as in young adults. The antigen content of the vaccine is 50 microgram of each serotype of polysaccharide per dose, and lower titers of antibody are induced when the dose is reduced to 25 or 12.5 microgram of antigen. Adverse reactions are usually mild and consist principally of local erythema and induration at the injection site, with mild fever in a small proportion of subjects. Antibody persists well for at least four years, and it is expected that immunity will last for at least 5 years after vaccination. Local and systemic reactions to the vaccine may be greater when a second dose of vaccine is administered within three years after the initial dose, and this reactivity appears to be due to a Arthus-like response that results from local formation of antigen-antibody complexes. Pneumococcal and influenza vaccines can be injected simultaneously into separate sites without impairment of antibody responses to either vaccine; this feature should facilitate administration of these two vaccines. PMID- 7025160 TI - Efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. PMID- 7025161 TI - Change in i-antigen expression of erythrocytes during in vivo aging. AB - The expression of i-antigen during the in vivo aging of erythrocytes from normal subjects and beta-thalassemic patients was investigated by immunofluorescence labeling and by immunoagglutination. The results showed that the expression of i antigenic determinants inversely related to the aging of RBCs. This phenomenon could be either the result of a progressive loss of i-antigenic structures or the consequence of i to I transformation occurring during RBCs aging in vivo. PMID- 7025162 TI - Detection of HBsAg in blood donors. A comparative study using radioimmunoassay, enzymeimmunoassay, reverse passive haemagglutination and latex tests. AB - Several "third generation" tests were compared: 5 reverse passive haemagglutination methods (RPHA), 2 enzyme immunoassays (EIA), 1 radioimmunoassay (RIA) and 1 latex test. As far as the sensitivity is concerned RPHA techniques are less sensitive than the RIA. However, differences exist among the different RPHA methods. RPHA methods which utilize human red cells demonstrated a better sensitivity than those which utilize animal red cells. The RIA is widely accepted for blood donor screening. The test is well standardized, highly sensitive and specific. Also the EIA has been found to be highly sensitive but showed a greater degree of non-specificity. Rapid HBsAg screening in blood donors can be performed by RPHA methods or by a latex test. For the latter Antigex TG was used. This test has a sensitivity which is similar to that of some the RPHA methods. The most striking results was the observation that Antigex TG can cause a prozone phenomenon. This phenomenon can be avoided when the serum specimen was spread out before the latex reagent was added. PMID- 7025163 TI - [Podagra - a 1788 thesis]. PMID- 7025164 TI - [Biological aspects and large scale cultivation of Dipetalogaster maximus (Uhler, 1894) (Triatominae)]. PMID- 7025165 TI - An immunoepidemiological study of schistosomiasis mansoni in Paraiba's Valley, Sao Paulo, Brazil. PMID- 7025166 TI - [Results of indirect immunofluorescent reactions for toxoplasmosis in 6079 ambulatory patients or pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro during the years 1971 to 1977]. PMID- 7025167 TI - The influence of cytochalasin B on the interaction of T. cruzi and mouse peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7025168 TI - Clinical trials with praziquantel in schistosomiasis mansoni. PMID- 7025169 TI - [Treatment, with praziquantel, of human infection due to Hymenolepis nana]. PMID- 7025170 TI - [Treatment of malaria (P. falciparum) with clindamycin]. PMID- 7025171 TI - Dental study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Twenty-one patients with rheumatoid arthritis took part in a comparison of three toothbrushes, each used for one month in a randomized trial. The three toothbrushes were a conventional toothbrush with modified handle to allow ease of gripping, an electric toothbrush, and thirdly a finger-stall attached to a normal toothbrush. There was no change in the patients' rheumatoid status during the trial. The patients were scored for plaque and gingival changes but no difference was found between the three toothbrushes. We recommend a standard toothbrush with a modified grip for the rheumatoid hand; the extra expense of an electric toothbrush cannot be justified. PMID- 7025172 TI - A cross-over comparison of ready-made fabric wrist-splints in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7025173 TI - Fluproquazone for osteoarthritis. AB - Fluproquazone (100 mg t.d.s.) was compared in a double-blind cross-over trial with indomethacin (25 mg t.d.s.) and placebo. Fluproquazone and indomethacin were both superior to placebo. The active drugs were comparable in most measures of efficacy though significantly more patients preferred indomethacin to fluproquazone. Side-effects were few and did not lead to withdrawal of treatment. PMID- 7025174 TI - Streptococcal pyomyositis following a sore throat. PMID- 7025175 TI - How frequently should anti-inflammatory drugs be given? A study with indoprofen. AB - Indoprofen, despite its relatively short plasma half-life, was just as effective given twice daily as when the same daily total was given in four divided doses. There was a trend in favour of the twice daily regime for changes in morning pain and the duration of morning stiffness. Preferences were equally divided between the two regimes and efficacy was the usual reason for patients preferring one or other. Side-effects were no more frequent with the twice daily regime. Pharmacokinetics are no substitute for clinical experiment in planning the dosage regime of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. PMID- 7025176 TI - Tiaprofenic acid (surgam) in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. AB - Tiaprofenic acid 200 mg three times a day was compared with indomethacin 25 mg three times a day in 36 patients suffering from osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. In this double-blind cross-over study little significant difference in efficacy between the drugs was seen. Although no significant difference in adverse effects was found, significantly fewer central nervous system side effects were associated with tiaprofenic acid treatment. PMID- 7025177 TI - Tiaprofenic acid in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Tiaprofenic acid is a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Two studies of its use in treating rheumatoid arthritis are reported here. In the first, tiaprofenic acid was compared with phenylbutazone in a double-blind cross-over study of 10 weeks' duration. Both drugs were significantly better than placebo and equal in efficacy with each other. The second study was a long-term open trial of tiaprofenic acid in 20 patients. The drug has been well tolerated over periods of up to three years and its effects in reducing the symptoms and signs of rheumatoid arthritis have been maintained. Side-effects were very few in both studies. Gastro-intestinal symptoms were the most frequently reported. One patient developed melaena three years after starting the drug. PMID- 7025178 TI - Naproxen and sulindac in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. AB - Thirty patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee were entered into a double blind, cross-over study of naproxen (750 mg/day) and sulindac (400 mg/day) both given in twice-daily regimens. Patients received each drug for four weeks. Both drugs produced improvements in the patients' overall condition. There were no statistically significant differences between the effects of the two drugs. There were few side-effects. Overall, both drugs proved beneficial and safe. PMID- 7025179 TI - [Bridge preparation for the front tooth: morphological structure and formation of abutment tooth]. PMID- 7025180 TI - [Bridge preparation for the front tooth: impression taking and bite registration]. PMID- 7025181 TI - [Reticulosarcoma that metastasized from the skin of right shoulder to the right bucca and soft tissue of the mouth--a case report]. PMID- 7025182 TI - On cell differentiation (correspondence). PMID- 7025183 TI - [Intradural lumbar disk hernias. Considerations on 2 cases]. PMID- 7025184 TI - [Controlled results of standardized X-ray examination technique (author's transl)]. AB - 2000 patients were examined in our hospital within a period of 1 1/2 years using a standardized technique of x-ray examination of the stomach. Of these examinations, the gastroscopic, histological and partly also surgical results are now available from 241 patients. Hypotonic double-contrast technique, a highly dense, low-viscosity barium preparation and standardized documentation by means of 12 to 14 images taken with a 100 mm camera, have proved successful. The article reports on the accuracy of the x-ray examination based on these 241 results. PMID- 7025185 TI - [Urology. Introduction]. PMID- 7025186 TI - Limb circulation in normal subjects and in subjects with chemical or mild diabetes mellitus: its relation to sex, age, body weight, glucose tolerance, insulin response and insulin sensitivity. PMID- 7025188 TI - David Shakow, Ph.D., 1901--1981: In Memoriam. PMID- 7025187 TI - Dopamine receptor supersensitivity and schizophrenia: a review. AB - Advances in knowledge of brain neurochemistry have lent impetus to the biological study of schizophrenia. A prominent example is the dopamine hypothesis. Increasing additions to and refinements of neurochemical knowledge, particularly the study of receptors, have continued to support biological hypotheses of schizophrenia. A recently proposed hypothesis is that schizophrenic patients suffer from dopamine receptor supersensitivity at certain phases of their illness. The present article selectively reviews data that are relevant to this refinement of the dopamine hypothesis. PMID- 7025189 TI - [Acute myeloblastic leukemia in adults: a cure in sight?]. AB - The author inquires what the chances are in 1980 of curing acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) in adults. Efforts toward curative treatment are chiefly concentrated in three places: the basic science laboratories, the clinical laboratories, and the bedside. It remains an open question from which quarter the decisive findings for the prevention or cure of AML will come. For the time being, only clinical trials offer substantial help to AML sufferers. A small number of patients achieve many years of remission and are perhaps even cured, but it is impossible to predict what patients can expect longterm remissions. Painstaking investigation of this group of patients may provide the clue to curative treatment for AML as early as the present decade. PMID- 7025190 TI - Fibronectin (cold-insoluble globulin): role in defence. AB - Fibronectin is a high molecular weight glycoprotein which is found in a soluble form in plasma (cold-insoluble globulin) and other body fluids and in an insoluble form in connective tissues and associated with basement membranes. Soluble fibronectin interacts with denatured collagen, heparin, fibrin, and Staphylococcus aureus, and is a substrate for thrombin, plasma and factor XIIIa. Fibronectin is thought to function as an adhesive and opsonic glycoprotein, supporting adhesion of cells including platelets, growth of connective tissue cells to fibrin clots, connective tissue formation, and in the phagocytic clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. PMID- 7025191 TI - [Captopril in treatment-resistant hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - 26 patients with severe hypertension (10 essential, 9 renal parenchymatous, 7 renovascular) and a mean age of 42 years were treated with the new oral converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (SQ 14225). During the initial phase with a standardized triple therapy (STT) consisting of propranolol (maximum 320 mg/day), hydralazine (maximum 200 mg/day) and hydrochlorothiazide (maximum 100 mg/day) or furosemide (maximum 250 mg/day) mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure values remained almost unchanged (184 +/- 32/111 +/- 17 mm Hg to 179 +/- 34/112 +/- 19 mm Hg), indicating true therapy resistance to conventional antihypertensive therapy. After discontinuing each antihypertensive agent captopril was then titrated from 3 X 25 mg/day to a maximum of 4 X 150 mg/day. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure values 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks after starting captopril were 154/95, 155/97, 149/93 and 143/91 mm Hg. The corresponding mean captopril doses were 242, 280, 325 and 299 mg daily. During captopril medication mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly lower (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.005) than during STT. Throughout the observation period of 16 weeks only 15% of the cases were on monotherapy with captopril whereas 62% needed the addition of a diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide or furosemide). In 23% of the cases even the combination of captopril and diuretic was insufficient and thus propranolol was added as a third drug. The side effects observed were 1 case with renal water and fluid retention and with reversible skin rash and 1 with pruritus. The results demonstrate that captopril has good blood pressure lowering activity in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension. However, in the majority of our cases the addition of a diuretic was necessary. Finally, some patients required a beta-blocker as a third drug. PMID- 7025192 TI - [Renal side effects of treatment with cyclosporin A in rheumatoid arthritis and after bone marrow transplantation]. AB - Renal function was studied prospectively in 6 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and non-prospectively in 5 patients after bone marrow transplantation. Both groups were treated with cyclosporin A. Functionally and histologically the results suggest tubulotoxicity of cyclosporin A which seems to be dose-related and reversible. Also found in the urine of these patients were yellow, as yet undescribed crystalline bodies often included in casts. PMID- 7025193 TI - [Simple and reliable detection of beta-hemolytic streptococci in throat swabs with the streptococcus-isocult]. AB - Culture of throats specimens is essential in the diagnosis of streptococcal tonsillo-pharyngitis. Selective sheep's blood agar media for beta-hemolytic streptococci have been developed to simplify throat streptococcal bacteriology. In this prospective study the reliability and practical performance of a selective medium of this kind, the Isocult culture test for throat streptococci, were evaluated in 226 pediatric patients with the clinical diagnosis of acute tonsillo-pharyngitis. At the time of diagnosis two throat specimens were obtained from each patient; one swab was cultured for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci on standard laboratory media, and the other on the Isocult media. Procedure and interpretation of the two culture methods were carried out independently. In 209 (92.5%) of the 226 patients the two culture results were in agreement, i.e. either positive (19 patients) or negative (190 patients) for group A beta hemolytic streptococci. In comparison to routine bacteriology the Isocult results showed sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of 86%, 93% and 91%. Neither the performance nor the interpretation of the Isocult method require special bacteriological training or equipment. It is concluded that the Isocult culture test for throat streptococci is a simple and reliable diagnostic tool in the management of patients with sore throat. PMID- 7025194 TI - [Hepatitis B vaccination - before a breakthrough?]. AB - Within the next few months hepatitis B vaccine will be introduced in Switzerland, a country where hepatitis B is one of the most frequent infectious disorders. The vaccines so far developed are produced from blood of healthy HBsAg carriers. HBsAg is then purified and possible infectious material is inactivated by formalin or heat. Two vaccines will soon be available, one produced by Merck Sharp & Dohme, which is given at day 0 and after 1 and 6 months in doses of 20 microgram or 40 microgram, and the other from the Pasteur Institute, which is given at day 0 and after 1 and 2 months in doses of 5 microgram. Preliminary trials have shown that the vaccines are safe and that 95-98% of healthy individuals develop anti-HBs. Protection of HBV infection is better than 90%. Immunosuppressed individuals, such as hemodialysis patients, developed anti-HBs in a retarded fashion and less frequently, but such patients also appear to be protected. Results of large scale trials will soon available. Mass vaccination is not intended, but vaccination will be recommended for high risk groups such as medical personnel, certain high risk patient groups, contacts of HBsAg carriers, drug addicts, homosexuals, and certain groups of travellers to high risk countries. PMID- 7025195 TI - [Megalocytic interstitial nephritis. A contribution to the differential diagnosis of the large insufficient kidney]. AB - After a female patient had presented with advanced renal failure, bilateral enormous increase in kidney size radiologically, urinary tract infection (E. coli) and septicemia, autopsy disclosed megalocytic interstitial nephritis (MIN). Clinical and pathological differentiation from renal parenchymal malakoplakia (RPM) is discussed. A literature survey of 15 cases of MIN and 35 observations of RPM points to certain differences between the two entities, i.e. an increased incidence of bilateral pathology in MIN, mor frequent extrarenal localizations in RPM, absent Michaelis-Gutmann bodies and a predominantly cortical distribution in MIN. The similarities, however, suggest that the two conditions might represent different stages of one and the same disease process. PMID- 7025197 TI - Agricultural microbiology. PMID- 7025196 TI - [Chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. AB - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for end-stage renal failure was first described in 1976. The purpose of the present study was to establish the value of this method in a group of eight patients with various renal diseases who were controlled monthly for one year. Main benefit was correction of anemia, better control of calcium and phosphate, and excellent blood pressure control. Hyperlipoproteinemia was observed in all patients, as was an increase in plasma renin activity and aldosterone. Thyroid values were in the low normal range. A low incidence of peritonitis was observed and cases of peritonitis were treated on an ambulatory basis. The results suggest that more patients could be included in this new treatment for end-stage renal disease. PMID- 7025198 TI - Industrial microbiology. PMID- 7025199 TI - Mutagenic activity in the River Meuse in Belgium. AB - Frameshift mutagens have been detected in the river Meuse downstream of Liege In most cases, mutagenic activity could only be demonstrated afte metabolic activation. The effect was inversely related to river flow. The most important sewage outfalls and industrial discharges in the area were controlled on mutagenic activity. Two effluents, both discharging cokes-oven effluents, were found to contain high quantities of frameshift mutagens. The effluents were split up in neutral, acidic and basic fractions. Only neutral and basic fractions showed mutagenic activity. They were further separated in subfractions by gel chromatography and adsorption chromatography. The mutagenic activity was shown to be present in subfractions containing polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and aza arenes. Mutagenic activity in river water samples could only be located in the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon fractions. PMID- 7025200 TI - The sciences in America, circa 1880. AB - For many years American science in the late 19th century was regarded as an intellectual backwater. This view derived from the assumption that the health of American science at the time was equivalent to the condition of pure science, especially pure physics. However, a closer look reveals that there was considerable vitality in American scientific research, especially in the earth and life sciences. This vitality is explainable in part by the natural scientific resources of the American continent but also in part by the energy given science from religious impulses, social reformism, and practicality. Furthermore, contrary to recent assumptions, the federal government was a significant patron of American science. The portrait of American science circa 1880 advanced in this article suggests that the nation's scientific enterprise was characterized by pluralism of institutional support and motive and that such pluralism has historically been the normal mode. PMID- 7025201 TI - Science: the struggle for survival, 1880 to 1994. PMID- 7025202 TI - Science and James McKeen Cattell, 1894 to 1945. PMID- 7025203 TI - Science in transition, 1946 to 1962. PMID- 7025204 TI - Science: a memoir of the 1960's and 1970's. PMID- 7025205 TI - The behavioral and social sciences. AB - In the social sciences, as in other sciences, progress is often placed by advances in observational techniques and instruments. This article reviews some of the recent technical progress in the social sciences ans then discusses three substantive frontier areas that are particularly exciting at present: evolutionary theory, especially in relation to sociobiology, the theory of human rational choice, and the newly christened discipline of cognitive science. All three claim to provide explanations for broad areas of human behavior. PMID- 7025206 TI - Frontiers of the biological sciences. AB - The history of the molecular revolution in biology is described, emphasizing its dependence on the emergence of bacterial genetics, the fusion of genetics and biochemistry, and the development of greatly improved techniques for studying macromolecules. Central concepts have included molecular information transfer, both by nucleic acids and by allosteric proteins; the spontaneous conversion of one-dimensional information into three-dimensional structures; and the extraordinary unity in the molecular mechanisms underlying the rich diversity of biology. The merging of molecular and morphological studies, to yield the very broad field of cell biology, is described more briefly, as are also some present frontiers in several areas of biology that present challenges at other levels of organization. PMID- 7025207 TI - Primary structure of a large aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. PMID- 7025208 TI - Natural killer cells: their roles in defenses against disease. AB - Natural killer cells are a recently discovered subpopulation of lymphoid cells that are present in most normal individuals of a range of mammalian and avian species. Natural killer cells have spontaneous cytolytic activity against a variety of tumor cells and some normal cells, and their reactivity can be rapidly augmented by interferon. They have characteristics distinct from other types of lymphoid cells and are closely associated with large granular lymphocytes, which comprise about 5 percent of blood or splenic leukocytes. There is increasing evidence that natural killer cells, with the ability to mediate natural resistance against tumors in vivo, certain virus and other microbial diseases, and bone marrow transplants, may play an important role in immune surveillance. PMID- 7025209 TI - 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone: a plant derivative that stimulates reproduction in Microtus montanus. PMID- 7025210 TI - Chemical triggering of reproduction in Microtus montanus. AB - In a replicated experiment, nonbreeding winter populations of Microtus montanus were given supplements of rolled oats coated with 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone, a naturally occurring plant derivative. After 3 weeks of this feeding regime, samples from the populations demonstrated a high incidence of pregnancy in females and testicular hypertrophy in males. Control populations receiving rolled oats coated only with the solvent showed no reproductive activity. These results demonstrate that the presence of 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone in the plant food resource acts as the ultimate cue to trigger reproductive effort in Microtus montanus. PMID- 7025211 TI - Rheumatoid factor-like immunoglobulin M protects previously uninfected rat pups and dams from Trypanosoma lewisi. AB - The serum of lactating rats that have never been infected with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma lewisi contains a rheumatoid factor-like immunoglobulin M (IgM). This IgM amplifies a specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to the parasite and accounts for the unusual resistance of previously uninfected lactating rats and their suckling pups to infection with T. lewisi. A similar rheumatoid factor-like IgM, which is induced late in the usual course of infection with T. lewisi in nonlactating rats, amplifies an earlier IgM response and terminates the infection. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a rheumatoid factor, which is classified as an autoimmune antibody, acting in a protective manner. PMID- 7025212 TI - Vitamin D--dependent calcium binding protein: immunocytochemical localization in chick kidney. AB - A vitamin D--dependent calcium binding protein in the chick kidney that was detected by immunocytochemical techniques was localized exclusively in the distal convoluted tubule, the initial collecting tubule, and the early part of the collecting tubule. The intercalated (mitochondria-rich) cells in these tubular segments were negative for the calcium binding protein. Subcellularly, the protein was found in the cytosol and the nucleus of the tubular cells. The results suggest a role for vitamin D--dependent calcium binding protein in intracellular calcium metabolism rather than a direct involvement in membrane mediated calcium reabsorption in the avian kidney. PMID- 7025213 TI - Pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus: report of four cases and review of the literature. AB - Pulmonary hypertension has been reported rarely in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). During the past 31/2 yr we have observed pulmonary hypertension as a major clinical manifestation of their disease in four of 43 patients with well-documented SLE followed at out institution. Pulmonary hypertension could be attributed to underlying lung disease in three and was considered to be primary in the remaining patient. Neither hydralazine nor prednisone administration had any effect on the course of the pulmonary hypertension in these patients. The presence of pulmonary hypertension in the course of active SLE may be more common than previously recognized. PMID- 7025214 TI - The evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux before and after medical therapies. AB - Gastroesophageal scintigraphy is a quantitative technique that can be employed to detect and quantitate gastroesophageal reflux before and after the application of therapeutic modalities, including change in body position, bethanechol, atropine, antacids, and antacid-alginate compounds. Five groups of 10-15 patients each were studied before and after using each therapeutic modality and before and after atropine. The results were compared to the patient's symptomatology and to the acid reflux test. Gastroesophageal scintigraphy was performed following oral administration of 300 microCi 99mTc-sulfur colloid in 300 ml acidified orange juice. Thirty-second gamma camera images were obtained as the gastroesophageal gradient was increased from approximately 10 to 35 mm Hg at 5 mm Hg increments using an inflatable abdominal binder. Data were processed using a digital computer. Reflux was reduced by change in position from recumbent to upright, and by the use of subcutaneous bethanechol, oral antacid, or oral antacidalginate compound. Atropine increased reflux. Gastroesophageal scintigraphy is more sensitive than fluoroscopy, correlates well with clinical symptomatology, and is a reliable and convenient technique for the quantitative estimation of reflux before and after therapy. PMID- 7025215 TI - Structural substrates of bone marrow function. PMID- 7025216 TI - Ethanol for prevention of preterm birth. PMID- 7025217 TI - Preterm parturition. Tocolysis using magnesium sulfate. PMID- 7025218 TI - Inhibition of myometrial activity by calcium antagonists. PMID- 7025219 TI - Prevention of preterm birth. PMID- 7025220 TI - [The clinical study on the expression of crown forms on the buccal and lingual surface (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025221 TI - [An experimental study of particulate cancellous bone and marrow graft (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025222 TI - Microbial classification and identification. Introduction. PMID- 7025223 TI - Citrate synthase and succinate thiokinase in classification and identification. PMID- 7025224 TI - Lipid composition in the classification and identification of acid-fast bacteria. PMID- 7025225 TI - Fermentation products (using g.l.c.) in the differentiation of non-sporing anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 7025226 TI - Classification and identification of bacteria by electrophoresis of their proteins. PMID- 7025227 TI - Enzyme patterns in bacterial classification and identification. PMID- 7025228 TI - Identification of bacteria by measurements of enzyme activities and its relevance to the clinical diagnostic laboratory. PMID- 7025229 TI - Progress in classification and identification of Neisseriaceae based on genetic affinity. PMID- 7025230 TI - Numerical methods in the classification and identification of bacteria with especial reference to the Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 7025231 TI - Population structure of depreciated communities: I. the 1977 genetic demograhies of Colonsay and Jura islands, the Scottish Inner Hebrides. PMID- 7025232 TI - Genetic epidemiology: promise or compromise? PMID- 7025233 TI - H. Burr Steinbach: Prosit! PMID- 7025234 TI - Outpatient self-management of severe diabetes. AB - We initiated a five-point program to decrease acute and chronic complications in 25 unstable, insulin-dependent diabetics (study group A). The five points were home monitoring of blood glucose, use of multiple injections of a complex insulin mixture, strict dietary control with high protein feedings, carbohydrate loading before exercise, and use of purified insulin preparations. There was an 80% decline in detected hypoglycemic reactions over the succeeding six months. The hospitalization rate fell from 3.4 times per year to 0.64 times a year. An additional five extremely unstable diabetic patients (study group B) were treated with the same program except for the use of an open-loop continuous infusion system for insulin. Although results in this group were favorable in terms of improving glucose homeostasis, mechanical, physical, and psychologic problems can limit usefulness current devices. PMID- 7025235 TI - Diagnosis of incipient reflux esophagitis: a new test. AB - Sensitivity and reliability of a new esophageal perfusion test was evaluated and compared with those of the standard hydrochloric acid (N/10 HCl) perfusion test. Sixty-four patients including 43 with biopsy-proven reflux esophagitis (group A) and 21 with negative esophageal biopsy and equivocal symptoms (Group B) had esophageal perfusion with N/10 HCl and with taurine bile salt conjugates in N/10 HCl (T-N/10 HCl) in a double-blind, randomized fashion. In group A, T-N/10 HCl perfusion led to 100% positive results as opposed to 70% with N/10 HCl perfusion. Moreover, response times were significantly shorter (9 +/- 4 min) and washout times longer (18 +/- 4 min) with T-N/10 HCl than with N/10 HCl perfusion (18 +/- 5 min, P less than .001; and 10 +/- 3 min, P less than .001, respectively). All (100%) group B patients had negative N/10 HCl perfusion tests, whereas eight (40%) had positive T-N/10 HCl tests. All patients with positive T-N/10 HCl tests improved with administration of antacids and bile salt binders, whereas none with negative T-N/10 HCl tests improved with such therapy. Accordingly, T-N/10 HCl perfusion was more sensitive than N/10 HCl perfusion for detection of reflux esophagitis. Since all biopsy-negative patients who responded to treatment normally reserved for reflux esophagitis had a positive T-N/10 HCl test, it is possible that this test was able to detect early incipient esophagitis, before histologic changes became apparent at biopsy. PMID- 7025236 TI - Pregnancy after renal transplantation: reversible acidosis and renal dysfunction. PMID- 7025237 TI - Acute cryptococcal cellulitis in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 7025238 TI - [Social hygiene research in the '20s devoted to the rural resettled population of Siberia]. PMID- 7025239 TI - [Role of Kazan University scientists in the development of social medicine]. PMID- 7025241 TI - [Women physicians in the political trials of 1881 (on the centenary of the trials)]. PMID- 7025240 TI - [Petersburg Women's Medical Institute in the revolutionary movement]. PMID- 7025242 TI - [1st congress of zemstvo physicians and its role in public health development in Udmurtia]. PMID- 7025243 TI - [Diaries, memoirs and epistolary materials as sources for the study of Soviet medical history]. PMID- 7025244 TI - [Treatment of nonstrangulated inguinal hernias (a discussion of the paper by Napalkov and Chiminava, "The Surgical Treatment of Non-strangulated Hernia")]. PMID- 7025245 TI - [Vladimir Filippovich Zelenin (1881-1968)]. PMID- 7025246 TI - [Medical ethics in a course on the history of medicine]. PMID- 7025247 TI - [Hay fever: pollinosis]. PMID- 7025248 TI - [Pathogenesis of cholelithiasis]. PMID- 7025249 TI - [Femoro-popliteal shunting in arteriosclerotic occlusions of the arteries of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7025250 TI - Spinal cord injury. Review of basic and applied research. AB - This review examines, in a condensed manner, many of the major achievements related to spinal cord injury research during the last quarter century. Most of the advances have been made within the past 10 years. They include such basic and clinical tools as evoked potentials, regional and local spinal blood flows, neurophysiologic monitoring systems, and methods that detail the morphology and contents of cord tissue. Much of the experimentation conducted within the last 25 years has provided a better understanding and clinical therapeutic approach to the injured spinal cord than at any time before. Such work has exposed significant aspects in the biochemistry and vascular mechanics associated with trauma to the cord. A growing and intriguing area of spinal injury research lies in probing the factors related to neuronal plasticity and regeneration of the cord tissue. This review also examines the role of experimental animal models as well as the clinical and experimental therapies available for acute and chronic spinal cord injury. PMID- 7025251 TI - [Genetic control of PQ prolongation of the electrocardiogram in the mouse immunized with the killed group A streptococci (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025252 TI - [Recent progress in bone metabolism research (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025253 TI - [Limited usefulness of corticosteroid therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025254 TI - Systemic bullet embolism. PMID- 7025255 TI - Who is a biomedical engineer? PMID- 7025256 TI - The adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7025257 TI - The effects of labetalol and oxprenolol on blood lipids. AB - Since a high risk of coronary heart disease is associated with high serum total cholesterol levels and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, the effects of labetalol (Trandate; Allen & Hanburys) and oxprenolol (Trasicor; Ciba Geigy) on blood lipids were studied. Eight normal volunteers, mean age 25,8 years, were involved in a randomized cross-over trial; all received each of the drugs for a 3-week period, separated by a wash-out period of 1 week. Both labetalol and oxprenolol reduced total serum cholesterol levels; these changes are statistically highly significant; Since the drugs had no significant effect on HDL cholesterol levels, the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol was significantly decreased. Changes in triglyceride levels after both labetalol and oxprenolol administration were slight and did not reach statistical significance. The alpha-blockade caused by labetalol does no materially affect changes in blood lipid values brought about by beta-blockade. This study does not support previous reports, which have directed attention towards the possibility that, owing to alterations in lipid transport, adrenergic blocking agents might accelerate atherogenesis. PMID- 7025258 TI - Antihypertensive and metabolic effects of a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride. AB - A combination of hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg and amiloride 5 mg (HTZ + AMl) was administered twice daily for 12 weeks to 18 hypertensive patients, as a monotherapy. There was a statistically and clinically significant decrease in the mean blood pressure level throughout the treatment period. Significant steady or random changes in blood variables included decreases in chloride, magnesium and bilirubin levels and increases in sodium, calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and SGPT levels, Blood urea nitrogen values changed biphasically. Most of these statistically significant metabolic changes had no clinical relevance. The dosage problem with HTZ + AMl is discussed. PMID- 7025259 TI - Fenbufen as a single daily dose in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Fenbufen (3(4-biphenyl-carbonyl) propionic acid) (Cinopal; Lederle) was administered as a single daily dose of 1000 mg for 4 weeks to 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. At 2 weeks, and again at the end of the trial, patients were assessed for duration of morning stiffness, number of painful and/or swollen joints, grip strength, walking time, and subjective response to treatment. Four patients failed to complete the trial, 2 because of inability to control symptoms and 2 because of severe rash attributed to the drug. The remaining 16 patients showed some improvement in most of the recorded parameters, with statistically significant reduction of morning stiffness and walking time. Apart from a maculopapular rash, which occurred in 4 patients and cleared up on stopping the fenbufen, side-effects were minimal. No patient complained of dyspepsia or epigastric pain. PMID- 7025260 TI - Fenbufen in the treatment of over-use injuries in long-distance runners. AB - A random-selection trial comparing fenbufen (Cinopal; Lederle) and reduction in training activity to reduction in training activity alone in over-use injuries in long-distance runners is described. Fenbufen and reduction of training activity together were found to be significantly superior to reduction of training activity alone and improved the signs and symptoms of over-use injuries in long distance runners. Most of these injuries were of soft tissues, and in these cases it was found that fenbufen had a significant anti-inflammatory effect. PMID- 7025261 TI - Carprofen in soft-tissue rheumatism. A controlled trial. AB - A randomized double-blind clinical trial was carried out comparing carprofen (RO 20-5720) 300 mg/d and indomethacin 75 mg/d in patients with extra-articular inflammatory processes. The drugs were given for 7 days. In general carprofen appears to be well tolerated, and at the dosage used its efficacy was good and equal to that of indomethacin. PMID- 7025262 TI - Treatment of bone and soft-tissue infections with gentamicin-polymethyl methacrylate chains. A review of clinical trials involving 1 500 cases. AB - In vitro and in vivo experimental work showed that gentamicin-polymethyl methacrylate (G-PMMA) provides bactericidal gentamicin concentrations at the site of infection but very low systemic concentrations, suggesting advantages as regards infection control and lack of side-effects. During the past 4 years 1247 osteomyelitis patients have been treated with G-PMMA at 11 clinics. The early postoperative results showed control of infection in 90.8% of cases. Infection persisted in 9.2% owing to remaining sequestra, osteosynthetic material, etc. This indicates the importance of good and radical surgery. Follow-up of 355 patients for 3 - 54 months postoperatively showed relapses in only 27 cases. A total of 361 patients with soft-tissue infections (e.g. associated with bone infections, sacral cavity after rectum excision, abscesses, etc.) underwent treatment with G-PMMA after thorough debridement, with good results. Techniques for implantation, and removal of the chains are discussed. No adverse effects have been observed in this series of trials. PMID- 7025263 TI - [Liver transplantation]. PMID- 7025264 TI - Tri-potassium di citrato bismuthate chewing tablets and cimetidine tablets in the treatment of duodenal ulcers. A double-blind double-dummy comparative study. AB - A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy comparative 6-week study of tri potassium di-citrato bismuthate (TDB) (Ulcerone; De-Nol) chewing tables and cimetidine was carried out in 60 patients suffering from duodenal ulceration. The data on 51 patients (27 on TDB and 24 on cimetidine) were analysed (9 patients absconded). Both treatments appeared to be highly effective in ulcer healing at the 6-week endoscopic assessment. The healing rate for TDB chewing tablets was 89% and that for cimetidine tablets 92%. Both forms of therapy were comparable in respect of improvement of pain and effect on all other observed symptoms. Neither drug had a statistically significant effect on any of the haematological or clinical chemical parameters tested during the trial, except that the cimetidine treated group showed a significant linear reduction in white blood cell count. No side-effects were reported. It is suggested that TDB chewing tablets are a safe, effective and cheaper alternative to cimetidine in the treatment of patients with duodenal ulceration. PMID- 7025265 TI - Allogenic bone transplantation. Part I. A review of the status of allogenic bone banks. AB - The various methods of preserving bone for implantation are reviewed. Biological assay systems to determine the physiological and osteogenic potential of the implant are discussed. Sterilization remains the major problem. The influence of high-energy irradiation of freeze-dried bone is still uncertain. Experimentally and clinically it was found that the immunological status of the freeze-dried allo-implant is biocompatible. PMID- 7025266 TI - References on 'Mongolian spot'. PMID- 7025267 TI - Allogenic bone transplantation. Part II. A histological and radiographic study of freeze-dried bone allo-implants in primates. AB - A histological and radiographic study was undertaken to evaluate freeze-dried bone as an alternative to the autogenous transplant. The source of the blood supply from the surrounding soft tissues or from the host bone bed can be the determining factor in the incorporation of the implant/transplant. The testing of the osteogenic potential in non-orthotopic sites in primates is an inappropriate method. Freeze-dried allograft bone is an inert, rapidly immobilized biodegradable implant which can also serve a structural function. PMID- 7025268 TI - Current concepts in cosmetic rhinoplasty. AB - Modern concepts in the technique of cosmetic rhinoplasty and the psychological evaluation of a patient, together with the surgeon-patient relationship, are discussed. A revision rate of 7, 1% in a total of 882 cases over an 8-year period falls within internationally accepted standards. The reasons for patient dissatisfaction are reviewed. PMID- 7025269 TI - The opening up of Africa. AB - Henry Morton Stanley probably played a more important part in the "opening up' of Central Africa than any other single explorer. He and many associated with him have accentuated the important role played by Burroughs-Wellcome tablets and tinctures in these exploratory expeditions. PMID- 7025270 TI - Public health and physical planning--a time to reconsider? AB - Accepting that public health is an interdisciplinary field, the relationship between early public health legislation and measures and the origins of physical planning is used to underline the importance of procedural flexibility in both fields and of a combined approach to remove conditions supportive of diseases. While the conditions under which both planning and public health operate in South Africa are shown to have changed greatly, the static approach adopted by both disciplines has produced inappropriate responses. Four basic criteria for a new approach are provided and the effects which these can have on health and planning policy are illustrated, using examples involving water supply, sanitation requirements and squatter settlements. PMID- 7025271 TI - [Prevention of leukemia of the central nervous system. Results of different therapeutic methods and toxic effects]. PMID- 7025272 TI - Reexpression of a T/t-complex antigen (t12) in thymocyte x embryonal carcinoma cell hybrids. AB - Hybrids between PCC4 aza 1 teratocarcinoma cells and thymocytes from an adult +/t12 mouse are phenotypically embryonal carcinoma cells. They express the t 12 antigen and do not express detectable H-2 antigens. Normally t12 is only expressed early in development and on male germ cells. Thus, the thymocyte genome is reprogramed such that adult thymocyte H-2 antigen is turned off but the thymocyte genome participates in the embryonal cell phenotype by reexpressing an embryonic antigen long silent in the adult. The expression of the t12 embryonic antigen represents the first example of the activation of a gene in somatic cell hybrids that is expressed only temporally in development. PMID- 7025273 TI - Chemicals which promote cell hybridization. AB - In order to identify new compounds with cell hybridization properties similar to poly(ethylene glycol), the standard method for PEG-induced cell hybridization has been employed as a screening procedure. Of 118 membrane-active agents studied, over 20 compounds were identified which promoted cell hybridization with nearly the same efficiency as PEG. PEG derivatives which retained cell hybridization activity included polymers with branched and charged structures as well as polymers with chemical alterations of the PEG monomer itself. PEG derivatives with hydrophobic moieties were generally inactive. Several chemically modified derivatives of poly(ethylene glycol), which are commercially important in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, were found to be highly efficient cell hybridization agents. The biohazard of such compounds is discussed. A simplified method is presented for the preparation and use of PEG in cell hybridization procedures. PMID- 7025274 TI - 1981--approach to burn therapy. PMID- 7025275 TI - Diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux in children. PMID- 7025276 TI - Postgastrectomy syndromes. AB - The preceding briefly summarizes some mechanical, metabolic, and motility disturbances that develop after gastric operations. Clearly, the more thorough the search and questions, the greater the incidence of minor, moderate, or severe impairment by one or more of these disorders. Our previous fears in treating benign ulcer disease were, first, mortality and, then, recurrent ulcers. Postgastrectomy syndromes were thought of secondarily. The seriousness, frequency, and lack of specific treatment available for most postgastrectomy syndromes were generally not recognized. While serious sequelae are infrequent, some take years to develop. A few, such as cancer, are regrettable even if treatable. Surgical correction of most of these syndromes is at best 50 to 80 percent effective. Poor selection of patients, mixed symptoms, and our inability to repiece vagus nerves and excised antrums make it difficult, if not impossible, to correct totally the anatomic and physiologic changes. Surgical intervention is infrequent. For some abnormalities, such as bile reflux gastritis, correction is uniformly good if gastric emptying is satisfactory and the syndrome exists alone. For others, such as dumping and diarrhea, treatment is less exacting, and the variety of operative alternatives often confuses rather than helps. My own continually changing experiences have taught me to correct the major disability in the simplest way. My experience with take-down of gastrojejunostomies and pyloroplasties is limited but encouraging. My satisfaction with Roux-en-Y conversions of Billroth II resections in reflux gastritis has been extended to the correction of diarrhea and dumping. Creating a long isoperistaltic limb between stomach and jejunum has provided surprisingly excellent relief for the problems of rapid emptying, although I have not objectively verified emptying changes in all successfully treated patients. The best results come with avoidance of these disorders. It is hoped that simpler operations for ulcer disease will continue to gain in popularity. Highly selective vagotomy is an easier, more attractive alternative than any of the aforementioned remedial procedures, particularly if the long-term results are good. PMID- 7025277 TI - Nutrition and immune function. PMID- 7025278 TI - New developments in the management of breast disease. PMID- 7025279 TI - Gastric phototherapy and the argon-ion laser: a review. PMID- 7025280 TI - Surgical bacteriology: an overview. PMID- 7025281 TI - Prostaglandins in surgery. PMID- 7025282 TI - Advances in sports medicine. Prevention of head and neck injuries in football. AB - Statistics on catastrophic head and neck injuries in football provide a more realistic indication of the incidence of serious injuries occurring on the football field than do the fatality figures. These statistics, however, provide no clues for preventing such injuries. Moreover, research using head models, anesthetized animals, cadaveric heads, and estimates of brain tolerance to impact based on studies of actual injuries to the heads of humans has produced conflicting data with respect to the goal of improving the safety record of the sport. To reconcile the data and to provide some solutions to the problem of serious injuries on the playing field, we reviewed the data collected in the laboratory and correlated it with the information obtained from telemetry studies. As a result of combining these two data sources, we concluded that injuries on the playing field occur at either end of the spectrum of offered resistance: when too much resistance is offered and when little or no resistance is offered. We demonstrated that, by avoiding either of these extremes, serious injuries to the head and neck can be reduced considerably. Finally, we discussed the importance of preprogrammed responses by the experienced, well-conditioned athlete. These allow the athlete to avoid either extreme of resistance and, thereby, protect him from injury. Clearly, the data obtained from laboratory and telemetry studies will prove instrumental in effecting changes in the sport of football. As a result of these studies, we can hope for alterations in the design of the helmet, enlightened coaching techniques, and rule revisions--all of which will serve to make football a safe sport. PMID- 7025284 TI - Surgical treatment during the acute phase of rheumatic carditis. PMID- 7025283 TI - Metabolic malfunction of lung: noncardiogenic edema and adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7025286 TI - The total care of spina bifida cystica. PMID- 7025285 TI - Postsurgical adjuvant chemotherapy: a review. PMID- 7025287 TI - Surgical management of alkaline reflux gastritis and esophagitis. PMID- 7025288 TI - Therapeutic embolization. Techniques and clinical application. PMID- 7025289 TI - Extracranial vascular surgery. PMID- 7025290 TI - The thrombelastographic diagnosis of hemostatic defects. AB - The thrombelastogram as designed by Hartert has now been in use for more than 30 years. Within 30 minutes, it provides a global account of clot formation and fibrinolysis or the time and degree of the interaction between the activators and inhibitors of both systems. On the basis of our own experience, it seems justifiable to assert that although its sensitivity to technical variables requires stringent laboratory control, the TEG offers a simple, reliable method of defining the key areas of hemostatic incompetence or for assessing the efficacy of a therapeutic program. Thrombelastographic hypercoagulability, which has deservedly been given prominence in the recent literature, may add an exciting dimension to the diagnostic spectrum of an elegantly conceived instrument. PMID- 7025291 TI - Pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones. AB - The factors leading to cholesterol cholelithiasis are probably multiple. Although the secretion of bile supersaturated with cholesterol seems to be a common feature among all patients who form cholesterol stones, a variety of pathophysiologic events can produce an increase in lithogenicity. Dietary factors, particularly in the grossly obese, lead to an absolute increase in secretion of cholesterol into bile. Occasionally, excessive loss of the bile salt pool, for example with regional ileitis, may decrease the ability of bile salts to solubilize cholesterol. In many other, subtle alterations in the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts may adversely affect solubility by both decreasing the secretion of bile salts and increasing the secretion of cholesterol. Regardless of its cause, supersaturation of bile with cholesterol appears to be a prerequisite for gallstone formation. However, additional factors within the gallbladder, such as increased secretion of glycoprotein, increased absorption of fluids, infection, and stasis, appear to contribute to the formation of macroscopic stones. PMID- 7025292 TI - Radiology of the biliary tree. AB - Multiple radiographic procedures are available for the diagnosis of biliary tract disease. Some of these diagnostic tests have been used for many years and are well understood. More recent developments include percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, radionuclide imaging, ultrasound, and computerized tomography. It is important that the clinician be fully aware of all aspects of these studies in order to proceed most efficiently toward an accurate diagnosis. In addition to these diagnostic studies, radiologic interventional procedures are useful. Removal of retained calculi through the T tube tract is a well accepted technique that is widely available. More recently, percutaneous biliary drainage procedures have been shown to be valuable in some patients with obstructive jaundice. Biliary tract disease continues to be a major health problem in most parts of the world, and a thorough understanding of available radiologic diagnostic and interventional procedures is important for all physicians. PMID- 7025293 TI - The role of computed tomography and ultrasound imaging in biliary tract disease. PMID- 7025294 TI - Radionuclide imaging of the biliary tree. AB - The new 99mTc biliary scintigraphy agents are highly sensitive and specific in detecting biliary tract disease and use of them is the initial procedure of choice in evaluating patients with suspected acute cholecystitis. Other clinically useful indications are evaluation of biliary kinetics; evaluation of patients with suspected traumatic bile leakage, gallbladder perforation, or postsurgical biliary tract complications; and evaluation of patients with suspected biliary obstruction. In 99mTc we have a simple radiopharmaceutical of low radiation for evaluating congenital abnormalities and neonatal jaundice. In the Orient 99mTc cholescintigraphy is extremely important in evaluating patients with suspected intrahepatic stones. The overall advantages of this technique include availability, safety, simplicity, and accuracy. In addition, it may be performed in those patients who are allergic to iodinated contrast agents. PMID- 7025295 TI - Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract disease. PMID- 7025296 TI - Current status of medical treatment of gallstones. AB - Medical dissolution of gallstones is feasible and has worked in clinical practice. Cholelithiasis is both common and a cause of significant morbidity nationally. Thus, to readdress the question posed in the introduction, should there be a more aggressive detection of populations at risk to consider prophylactic or early treatment of gallstones, one has to consider the following. Is it cost effective to treat people with asymptomatic stones when one half of gallstones detected at autopsy have not caused trouble in life? Will the reduction of one health hazard create other hazards, such as colonic cancer? Is it improving the quality of the patient's life after successful treatment to have the person return every year for ultrasound or radiologic check-ups for recurrence of gallstones? We feel that despite the low morbidity and mortality of elective surgery, medical dissolution of gallstones is a viable alternative, but, as with most medical decisions, the pros and cons of any therapy for cholelithiasis will ultimately be a decision based on the physician, the patient, and the situation. On the basis of what has been discussed in this review, the approach to treatment should involve a rational understanding of all alternatives. PMID- 7025297 TI - Acute and chronic cholecystitis. PMID- 7025298 TI - Acute suppurative cholangitis. AB - Acute suppurative cholangitis is characterized by obstruction, inflammation, and pyogenic infection of the biliary tract associated with the clinical pentad of fever (and chills), jaundice, pain, shock, and central nervous system depression. The disease occurs most commonly in the elderly who have a history of calculous biliary tract disease. The disease represents a true surgical emergency. Appropriate antibiotic therapy and immediate surgical decompression of the biliary tract are essential and carry a mortality rate of approximately 33 per cent. Nonoperative management is uniformly fatal. If inadequately treated or untreated, the disease follows a fulminant course of progressive systemic sepsis, hepatic abscess formation, and heptic failure leading ultimately to death. Acute suppurative cholangitis, the most serious sequela of calculous biliary tract disease, is preventable by early elective surgical treatment for benign biliary tract disease. PMID- 7025299 TI - Pathogenesis and management of choledocholithiasis. PMID- 7025300 TI - Surgical applications of sphincteroplasty and choledochoduodenostomy. AB - The papilla of Vater is subject to a variety of abnormalities that include congenital anomalies, inflammation, neoplasms, fibrosis, and motor dysfunction. Some of these lesions are clinically obvious (such as cancer or an impacted gallstone) and require aggressive therapy in order to provide relief from pain or biliary-pancreatic ductal obstruction. Other lesions, such as stenosing papillitis, are more subtle and provide few clues to their existence except recurrent episodes of abdominal pain. I have focused my discussion on the relative indications for sphincteroplasty and choledochoduodenostomy in the management of benign lesions of the papilla, especially those related to gallstone disease. I prefer a choledochoduodenostomy for the management of recurrent common duct stones when the bile duct is enlarged (greater than 2 cm) and thick-walled. The opening should be at least 2 cm in length when the anastomosis is completed. I employ a long anterior sphincteroplasty (greater than 2 cm) with a transampullary septectomy when treating inflammatory or fibrosing lesions of the papilla of Vater which are associated with recurrent episodes of severe, chronic (more than 1 year) abdominal pain. There is currently no standardized way to diagnose these latter conditions, therefore, the approach is empirical, and should be used sparingly and with a high degree of caution. PMID- 7025301 TI - Gallstone pancreatitis. PMID- 7025302 TI - Prevention and management of retained bile duct stones. PMID- 7025303 TI - Primary sclerosing cholangitis. AB - In spite of an improved understanding of the etiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis, which supports the use of immunosuppressive therapy with steroids and azathioprine, these pharmacologic manipulations have not altered the ultimate outcome of the disease. Drainage remains the most accepted mode of therapy when possible. Recent advances in diagnosis with ERCP and treatment with transhepatic biliary drainage may change the time-honored surgical approach to this disease as these techniques become more widely available. Until then, however, proper surgical management depends upon a high index of suspicion at the time of laparotomy so that irrevocable damage to the biliary tree will not be done prior to the establishment of the correct diagnosis. Simple drainage of the biliary tree will provide symptomatic relief in some patients; unfortunately, most patients will succumb to progressive biliary cirrhosis or sepsis in spite of all treatment. PMID- 7025304 TI - Hemobilia. AB - Hemobilia is a relatively rare manifestation of hepatobiliary disease that is usually characterized by recurrent colicky upper abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, and obstructive jaundice. In most instances, hemobilia presents as complication of liver injury, blunt abdominal trauma, or liver surgery. Other causes are percutaneous diagnostic procedures, hepatic artery aneurysms, inflammatory disease, biliary tract stones, and liver and bile duct neoplasms. The diagnosis of hemobilia is confirmed by endoscopy and selective angiography. Treatment of hemobilia is primarily surgical, with direct exploration of the liver, ligation of the bleeding point, and relief of bile duct obstruction. If liver damage is minimal, nonoperative management may be successful but requires careful observation and serial arteriography. PMID- 7025305 TI - Bile duct carcinoma. AB - Bile duct carcinoma most often causes death by obstructing bile flow; relief of this obstruction extends survival. Options include passage of tubes through the tumor to maintain internal bile drainage, hepatic-enteric bypass, and percutaneous tube drainage. As experience with liver surgery has grown, the number of bile duct carcinomas that have been successfully resected has increased. Complete removal of the tumor produces more long-term survivors than other procedures, but most patients still succumb to their disease. Nevertheless, aggressive treatment to excise the lesion or bypass the biliary obstruction significantly improves quality and length of life for many patients. PMID- 7025306 TI - Surgical treatment of congenital and neonatal biliary obstruction. PMID- 7025307 TI - A prospective, randomized, double blind study of preventive cefamandole therapy in patients at high risk for undergoing cholecystectomy. PMID- 7025309 TI - N. N. Burdenko 1876-1946. PMID- 7025308 TI - HLA restriction of human cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 7025310 TI - A short history of the management of penetrating missile injuries of the head. PMID- 7025311 TI - Chronic subdural empyema. AB - A review of the literature reveals that most chronic subdural empyemas occur within four to six months of the initial insult. It appears that only 1 case of a chronic subdural empyema, which occurred four years after extensive facial trauma, has been described. Our patient developed chronic subdural empyema thirteen years after drainage of a subdural hematoma. Current treatment modalities are reviewed. PMID- 7025312 TI - Ludwig Puusepp 1875-1942. PMID- 7025313 TI - Major reviews, chronological list, 1968-1981. PMID- 7025315 TI - Subtotal gastric exclusion and gastric partitioning: a randomized prospective comparison of one hundred patients. AB - A randomized prospective comparison of 50 modified Gomez gastric partitioning to 50 subtotal gastric exclusion (bypass) operations is presented. Smaller pouch sizes than are generally recommended were used, along with accurate calibration of the outlet size by suturing around a 30F bougie in both operations. It is believed that these techniques improved weight loss with minimal increase in side effects, but some increase in the length of hospital stay to ensure adequate fluid intake. Significantly better weight loss and less need for reoperation was found with gastric exclusion, and the complication rates were similar. Either operation requires meticulous attention to detail and follow-up to achieve low mortality and morbidity rates and good weight loss; but, if these are accomplished, the best end results statistically strongly favor subtotal gastric exclusion. PMID- 7025314 TI - Maximilian Salzmann. Ophthalmic pioneer and artist. PMID- 7025317 TI - [Ingrid Wyller's 85th birthday]. PMID- 7025316 TI - Multiple-organism bacteremia in the surgical intensive care unit: a sign of intraperitoneal sepsis. AB - Multiple-organism bacteremia (MOB), as defined by the growth of two or more organisms in the same blood culture, was studied in the surgical intensive care unit at the Royal Victoria Hospital. Over the 2 years encompassing 1977 and 1978, there were 125 bacteremic episodes in 83 patients; of this total, 32 episodes of MOB were present in 27 patients. The mortality rate associated with MOB was 48% compared to 25% in those patients with a single organism in their blood (P less than 0.025). Three patients had two episodes of MOB, and one had three episodes; all died. The etiology in two patients was, surprisingly, intravascular devices. Two patients with four episodes of MOB had severe burns, whereas aspiration pneumonia and an infected amputation stump accounted for two more episodes. In the remaining 21 patients (78%) with 24 episodes of MOB (75%), all had intraperitoneal pathologic findings. Of these cases, 19 (59%) episodes were clearly related to intraperitoneal sepsis. The remaining five appeared related to intraperitoneal causes but were without confirmation. There was no difference in the incidence of Bacteroides and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The incidences of enterococci and Escherichia coli were significantly higher (P less than 0.005 for both) and dominant in multiple- versus single-organism bacteremia. Multiple organism bacteremia is associated with an increased mortality rate, with origins characteristic of polymicrobial infections. The most important source is intraperitoneal and the occurrence of MOB should alert the surgeon to the likelihood of intraperitoneal sepsis. PMID- 7025318 TI - [King Valdemar Atterdag: anthropological findings from a dental point of view]. PMID- 7025319 TI - [Marginal leakage of applied microfilled plastics in non-enamel covered cavities]. PMID- 7025320 TI - [The caries preventive effect of toothbrushing evaluated on basis of clinical studies]. PMID- 7025321 TI - [Casting technic and asbestos as lining material]. PMID- 7025322 TI - [Partial crowns as bridge abutments. Esthetics and retention]. PMID- 7025323 TI - [Bridge failure of a partial parallel-nonparallel crown. After care]. PMID- 7025325 TI - [A method for bridge preparation and bridge connection]. PMID- 7025324 TI - [Two different bite registration methods with descriptions of individual crowns- a comparison]. PMID- 7025326 TI - [Compatible bonding of ceramic-metals]. PMID- 7025327 TI - [Latent and subclinical forms of pseudotuberculosis. Allergological diagnosis, bacterial carrier state and incidence]. PMID- 7025328 TI - [Role of lipids in the vital functions of the kidneys]. PMID- 7025329 TI - [Dialysis dementia syndrome: pathogenesis and clinical course]. PMID- 7025330 TI - [Lung pathology following kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7025331 TI - [Criteria of evidence for the pathogenetic role of autoimmune reactions in its clinical aspects (on the example of rheumatoid arthritis)]. PMID- 7025332 TI - [Glucose tolerance test and insulin secretion in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 7025333 TI - Life and death Tutankhamun from human genetic aspects. PMID- 7025334 TI - Randomised controlled trial of rehabilitation in chronic respiratory disability. AB - A randomised controlled study of the effects of exercise training in 39 patients with chronic respiratory disability was performed. Exercise training began with six weeks in a rehabilitation centre and was continued at home. The original control group attended the rehabilitation centre after the controlled part of the study. The treated group experienced subjective benefit from rehabilitation. The 12-minute walking distance increased on average from 523 m to 643 m in the treatment group and from 564 m to 607 m in the control group. The treatment effect of 77 m (SE 33 m) was significant at the 5% level. Treadmill exercise performance changed little and resting lung function was unaltered after rehabilitation. The treatment group maintained most of their improvement seven months later and the original control subjects improved after their rehabilitation. The study confirms the beneficial effects of exercise training in the chronically breathless and it suggests that the 12-minute walking distance is a useful index of changes in everyday exercise tolerance. PMID- 7025335 TI - Moses Maimonides' treatise on asthma. AB - This paper contains an analysis and appreciation of one of Moses Maimonides' authentic medical works, his Treatise on Asthma. After a brief biographical section, passages from the work are cited and analysed to illustrate the approach of this medieval physician who organised the knowledge of Greeks and others who preceded him. Maimonides presents a logical and systematic approach to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, an approach which is clearly evident in his Treatise on Asthma. PMID- 7025336 TI - Sustained release oral aminophylline in patients with airflow obstruction. AB - Twenty-four patients with reversible airflow obstruction under suboptimal control on conventional therapy entered a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of additional oral sustained release aminophylline. Assessment was by diary cards, twice daily PEFR, and weekly FEV1. Nineteen patients completed the trial satisfactorily. Eleven were improved subjectively by addition of aminophylline. The mean PEFR for all 19 patients rose from 232 1 min-1 SEM +/- 5, to 247 1 min-1 SEM +/- 4 (p less than 0.0001); nine individuals showed a statistically significant improvement in mean PEFR and 10 showed an improvement of greater than 200 ml in their FEV1. Improvement in PEFR on aminophylline was not at the expense of benefit from inhaled salbutamol. Unwanted effects of nausea, headache, and abdominal discomfort were recorded by 12 of the 24 patients entering the trial. Seventeen of the 19 patients completing the trial had plasma theophylline levels in the accepted therapeutic range of 10-20 mg 1(-1). The drug doses required to achieve these levels varied from 8.6-30.8 mg kg-1 24 hr-1 in the patients with no clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease. Oral aminophylline can improve control of airflow obstruction in patients with moderately severe disease who are already receiving multiple medication, but side-effects often limit its use. The wide dose range required to achieve therapeutic plasma levels indicates that measurements of plasma theophylline are necessary for adequate interpretation of trials of theophylline compounds. PMID- 7025337 TI - Arteriovenous fistula of the thoracic aorta: report of a case presenting with superior vena caval obstruction. PMID- 7025338 TI - Stimulated platelet aggregation, thromboxane B2 formation and platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin - a critical evaluation. AB - Platelets have been implicated in the development of atherosclerotic and thrombotic vascular diseases. Evaluation of platelet aggregation in relation to endogenously formed compounds which affect platelet function may provide information of clinical and pharmacological relevance. We describe a method in which thromboxane B2 (TXB2) formation was analyzed following stimulation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with ADP, 1-epinephrine, collagen, and arachidonic acid. In addition, we determined platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin following ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. The parameters under study were found to depend on the platelet count in PRP, on the type and dose of the aggregating agent used, and on the test time after blood sampling. By standardization of these variables, a reliable method was established which can be used in clinical and pharmacological trials. PMID- 7025339 TI - Comparison of the relative fibrinogenolytic, fibrinolytic and thrombolytic properties of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase in vitro. AB - The relative fibrinogenolytic, fibrinolytic and thrombolytic properties of human tissue plasminogen activator and human urokinase were compared in purified systems, in whole human plasma and in a system composed of a radioactive human blood clot (125I-fibrinogen) hanging in circulating human plasma. The human tissue plasminogen activator was highly purified from the culture fluid of a human melanoma cell line. In purified systems composed of fibrinogen of fibrin, plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin as well as in whole plasma, tissue plasminogen activator digested fibrin without degrading fibrinogen significantly. Urokinase did not have this specific fibrinolytic effect. In the circulating plasma system, the degree of fibrinolysis was proportional to the amount of activator added, tissue plasminogen activator being about 10 times more efficient than urokinase. In addition, tissue plasminogen activator appeared to cause negligible fibrinogen degradation. Tissue plasminogen activator still induced significant thrombolysis at a concentration of 10 IU per ml whereas no effect of urokinase was observed at 20 IU per ml. Infusion of 100 IU (1 microgram) of tissue plasminogen activator per ml resulted in moderate activation of the fibrinolytic system as judged from a decrease of plasminogen and alpha 2 antiplasmin to 40-50 percent. Nevertheless, extensive fibrinolysis (50 to 80 percent of radioactivity released after 12 hrs) and only very limited fibrinogenolysis were observed. An equivalent amount of urokinase (100 IU per ml) only induced approximately 15 percent lysis in 12 hrs. At higher concentrations of urokinase (260 IU per ml or more) extensive activation of the fibrinolytic system was obtained as evidenced by a depletion of plasminogen, alpha 2 antiplasmin and fibrinogen. This was associated with extensive fibrinolysis (approximately 60 percent after 12 hrs). It is concluded that human tissue plasminogen activator is a more specific and effective fibrinolytic-thrombolytic agent than human urokinase. PMID- 7025340 TI - Effect of local urokinase on arterial occlusion of lower limbs. AB - Sixty nine patients were treated with local intra-arterial urokinase (37,500 U/CTA. hr-1) for recent severe ischemia of lower limbs: 27 (40%) ultimately required amputation. The difference of amputation rate between the groups with and without thrombolysis was not significant (33% v. 42%). A biological study in 6 patients showed that local arterial plasminemia occurred in only 1 patient. Local urokinase does not strongly stimulate "endogenous" thrombolysis and enhances "exogenous" thrombolysis only very inconstantly. A better adaptation of urokinase dosage or the use of an agent with higher affinity for fibrin might improve the efficiency of local thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 7025341 TI - Successful treatment of Raynaud's Syndrome with prostacyclin. AB - There is evidence to suggest that platelet activation occurs in Raynaud's syndrome. We evaluated the effect of prostacyclin (PGI2) a potent antiplatelet and vasodilator agent in 5 female patients with Raynaud's syndrome. Outpatient visits were made at weekly intervals for 4 weeks. At the first visit buffer solution (Wellcome Laboratories) was infused intravenously for 5 hrs, thereafter three five hr infusions of PGI2 at a peak dose of 10 ng/Kg/min were given. Six weeks after the infusions patients were reviewed. Symptomatic improvement, including healing of ischaemic ulcers, occurred in 4 out of 5 patients. Thermography confirmed an increase in hand temperature after PCI2. Subjective and objective improvement has persisted for at least 6 weeks after the last treatment. PMID- 7025342 TI - Haemostatic clot formation at anastomosis of synthetic venous graft in defibrinogenated dogs: a scanning electron microscopic study. AB - A segment of the inferior vena cava was replaced by an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft in 13 dogs. Five of them served as a control group, while the other 8 were moderately or severely defibrinogenated with subcutaneous batroxobin. Plasma fibrinogen decreased to extremely low values throughout the experiment in the defibrinogenated dogs except in the moderately treated group in which it temporarily rose to 0.72-0.87 g/l on the first postoperative day. Scanning electron microscopic observations of the haemostatic clot formed at the anastomoses of the graft revealed no significant morphological differences in platelet adhesion and/or aggregation between the three groups. These findings confirmed that platelets play a key role in primary haemostasis during defibrinogenation. The fibrin network was slightly diminished and only short fibrin filaments could be seen in the moderately and severely defibrinogenated groups respectively. These differences in composition of the clots are discussed in relation to their haemostatic capacity. PMID- 7025343 TI - Urokinase therapy: dose reduction by administration in plastic material. PMID- 7025344 TI - [Moduretic in the treatment of cardiac failure]. PMID- 7025345 TI - [Neonatal infections caused by Group B streptococci]. PMID- 7025346 TI - [Treatment of associated symptoms in narcolepsy with clomipramine (Anafranil)]. PMID- 7025347 TI - [Intravaginal administration of progesterone (PRID), in the treatment of cystic ovarian follicles in cattle, in which gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy failed (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025348 TI - Metabolic activation and mutagenicity of 4 vinylic monomers (vinyl chloride, styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene). AB - The mutagenic activity and the metabolism of four vinylic monomers; vinyl chloride, styrene, acrylonitrile and butadiene are reviewed. Those chemicals are converted by the mixed function oxidases system of the endoplasmic reticulum into reactive intermediates which can interact with macromolecules within the cell. In order to examine the mutagenic activity of these compounds and their metabolites, different mutagenicity testing systems have been used: tests with S. typhimurium, E. coli, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, V79 Chinese Hamster cells, CHO cells, Drosophila melanogaster as well as evaluations of chromosome aberrations. PMID- 7025349 TI - Metabolic activation and toxicology - some models of chemical protection against drug toxicity. AB - This article describes some examples concerning the mechanism involved in the drug toxicity mediated by the enzymes of metabolism. They concern the production of various reactive metabolites which strongly bind to biological macromolecules inducing different forms of toxicity (necrosis, mutations and cancers). Some recent data on the field of protection and prevention means against the hepatoxicity of carcinogenesis are described. PMID- 7025350 TI - [Electrostimulation of reparative osteogenesis in osteoplasty of the mandible]. PMID- 7025351 TI - [Use of decalcified bone matrix for stimulating bone formation after the removal of odontogenic cysts]. PMID- 7025352 TI - [Gas permeability of refractory moulding compounds for preparing 1-piece dental prostheses]. PMID- 7025353 TI - [Rational use of gold alloys in prosthodontics]. PMID- 7025354 TI - [Prosthodontic dispensary care of agricultural workers]. PMID- 7025355 TI - [Anatomical basis for preparing teeth in the area of the equator]. PMID- 7025356 TI - [Use of the central part of the upper lip (prolabium) in eliminating bilateral congenital cleft]. PMID- 7025357 TI - [Stomatological aspects of the alcoholism problem: I. The pharmacology and toxicology of ethanol]. PMID- 7025358 TI - [Bone alloplasty in a mandibular segmental defect]. PMID- 7025359 TI - [Initial role of functional changes in the periodontal vessels in the pathogenesis of periodontosis]. PMID- 7025360 TI - [Bacterial contamination studies of the cooling water system of dental turbines]. PMID- 7025361 TI - [Crevicular fluid and the gingival state]. PMID- 7025362 TI - The identity of the plague of Justinian [Part I]. PMID- 7025363 TI - Schizophrenia: current views of its psycho-biology and arcanum. PMID- 7025365 TI - The Jefferson-Dunglison grandfather clock. PMID- 7025364 TI - A quack in court. PMID- 7025366 TI - Homeopathy in American History: A commentary. PMID- 7025367 TI - Casuistry and professional obligations: the regulation of physicians by the court of conscience in the late Middle Ages. Part II. PMID- 7025368 TI - Lymphocytotoxic antibody responses to transfusions in potential kidney transplant recipients. AB - A series of 737 hemodialysis patients were studied for the relationship between lymphocytotoxic antibody formation and blood transfusions; 331 thereof were studied prospectively. With up to 20 transfusions, highly reactive (greater than 90% reactivity against random panel) antibodies were not found in any of the prospectively studied males or females without previous pregnancies. Nearly 90% of the males failed to form antibodies against greater than 10% of the panel donors. Patients with previous pregnancies developed antibodies at a much higher rate. Among 316 patients tested, antibodies against B cells were found more frequently than antibodies against T cells. Both T and B cell antibody levels often decreased in spite of additional transfusions. It is concluded that the risk of rendering a patient untransplantable because of sensitization as a result of transfusions is very small. PMID- 7025369 TI - Effect of hypotension on the results of kidney storage and the use of dopamine under these conditions. AB - The influence of the length and severity of hypotension on the results of kidney preservation was examined in dogs. Successful 24-hr hypothermic kidney storage was possible, if the donor animal was subjected to hypovolemic hypotension (mean blood pressure 60 mm Hg) for a duration 1 to 4 hr. If the blood pressure was lowered to 50 mm Hg, successful kidney preservation could not be obtained. It was concluded that the level of hypotension was of more importance than its duration. After 24 hr of cold ischemia, the function of kidneys from hypotensive donors could be improved significantly if dopamine was given to the recipient. The preservation injury itself could not be counteracted by dopamine because dopamine did not improve the function of kidneys which were removed from normotensive donors but were stored for 24 hr under hypothermia. PMID- 7025370 TI - Mechanical and subcellular function of the canine heterotopic transplanted myocardium during active transplant injury. PMID- 7025371 TI - Diagnostic and prognostic value of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and lectin-induced cellular cytotoxicity tests for renal graft rejection. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from both normal subjects and kidney allograft recipients, before and on the 4th to 5th days after transplantation, were examined for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and lectin-induced cellular cytotoxicity (LICC). The graft recipients were treated with standard immunosuppression, which included azathioprine and prednisolone. 51Cr-labeled L1210 cells were used as targets for these two tests. ADCC and LICC activity were evaluated in the presence of rabbit anti-L1210 anti-serum and phytohemagglutinin (PHA), respectively. Comparison of the results obtained from healthy subjects with those of patients before grafting showed a significantly higher LICC activity in the latter group. The ADCC activity did not differ between the groups of healthy females and those awaiting transplantation but it was significantly decreased in the group of males awaiting transplantation as compared to healthy males. Four to 5 days after transplantation, the activity of ADCC and LICC remained unchanged in spite of the immunosuppressive treatment in 37 and 61% of the patients studied, respectively. In most of the patients, high ADCC and/or LIcC activity was followed by an accelerated acute rejection episode. A correlation between the ADCC and LICC activities, measured 4 to 5 days after transplantation, and the time of the first rejection episode was found. We conclude that double screening with ADCC and LICC tests in the 1st week after transplantation is valuable. PMID- 7025372 TI - Nature of autolymphocytotoxins present in renal hemodialysis patients. Their possible role in controlling alloantibody formation. PMID- 7025373 TI - Potentiating effect of HLA matching and blood transfusion on renal allograft survival. AB - An analysis of HLA (A and B) recipient-donor matching on the outcome of 105 cadaver kidney transplants performed at the Medical College of Virginia transplant center revealed that there is a significant, overall difference (P = 0.03) between recipients receiving kidneys mismatched at two or less HLA loci versus recipients mismatched at three or more loci, the fewer mismatch category showing a better graft survival. The effect of blood transfusion prior to transplantation was studied and found to improve the outlook, especially in the best matched groups. The number of transfusions does show a significant effect (P = 0.04) in the subgroup of patients with two or less mismatches, but for patients with three or more mismatches, the number of transfusions does not seem to matter (P = 0.83). However, in this study even the allografts mismatched at three or more loci had a 1-year graft survival of greater than 65%, indicating that factors other than HLA or blood transfusion play significant roles in the graft outcome. Although the findings are based on a somewhat small number of patients, the statistical significance suggests a potentiating effect of HLA matching and blood transfusion on renal allograft survival. PMID- 7025374 TI - Autolymphocytotoxic antibodies in patients on dialysis awaiting renal transplantation. AB - Two-hundred eighty sera from 78 dialysis patients were examined for autolymphocytotoxic antibodies (ALCAs). Thirty-five (12%) sera in 18 (23%) patients had ALCAs. Eight patients had ALCAs in multiple sera. Two patients had ALCAs against both T and B lymphocytes, 2 against T lymphocytes, and 14 against B lymphocytes. In those sera with ALCAs against both B and T lymphocytes, broad thermal reactivity was present. In sera with ALCAs against only B lymphocytes, the majority were reactive at 5 C. Sixteen (89%) patients with ALCAs had some form of glomerulonephritis; five had rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) and three had systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE). Nine of 10 sera with a positive crossmatch against B lymphocytes from a renal transplant donor did not have ALCAs against autologous B lymphocytes; three sera with ALCAs against B lymphocytes and two with ALCAs against T lymphocytes had negative crossmatches against transplant donor lymphocytes. Positive crossmatches against donor B and T lymphocytes attributable solely to ALCAs were therefore uncommon in our patients. Nevertheless, patients at risk to develop ALCA, including those with SLE and RPGN, should be identified and their sera tested for ALCAs. Once identified, studies can be carried out to distinguish a positive crossmatch attributable to ALCAs from that attributable to HLA alloantibody. PMID- 7025375 TI - Positive effect on graft survival of transfusions to the cadaveric kidney donor. PMID- 7025376 TI - Prevalence of antibodies to Legionella pneumophila and Legionella micadei in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 7025377 TI - Protection against rejection by impaired blood flow in a renal allograft. PMID- 7025378 TI - Improved survival of transplanted lungs in mongrel dogs treated with cyclosporin A. PMID- 7025379 TI - Two distinct types of late onset graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation in lethally irradiated mice. PMID- 7025380 TI - Transplantation, 1950s. PMID- 7025381 TI - A 50th anniversary celebration. PMID- 7025382 TI - Recollections: early experiences in kidney transplantation. PMID- 7025383 TI - Past, present, and future of artificial kidneys. PMID- 7025384 TI - Early days of the artificial kidney and transplantation. PMID- 7025385 TI - Past, present, and future of transplantation. PMID- 7025386 TI - The development of immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 7025387 TI - The succession from kidney to liver transplantation. PMID- 7025388 TI - Impressions of anesthetics past. PMID- 7025389 TI - Panel on dialysis. PMID- 7025390 TI - Panel on transplantation. PMID- 7025391 TI - The patients. PMID- 7025392 TI - In celebration of dialysis and kidney transplantation. PMID- 7025393 TI - Remembrances of the early days of renal transplantation. PMID- 7025394 TI - Islet cell antibodies and diabetes in Nigerians. AB - Pancreatic islet cell antibodies and other autoantibodies were measured in 68 Nigerian diabetics and 68 non-diabetic controls matched for age and sex. Islet cell antibodies measured at the time of diagnoses, were found in only two diabetics (a male aged 20 on insulin and a male aged 41 years on tablets) out of 30 newly diagnosed cases. In 38 other cases, islet cell antibodies were found in two patients (a female aged 17 on insulin and a male aged 41 on tablets). One of the controls, a female, aged 28 years had islet cell antibodies. None of the islet cell positive diabetic or control sera were complement fixing or had other antibodies. At least one type of antibody was seen in 20.5% of the diabetics (2 parietal cell; 2 thyroid; 4 islet cell; 6 antinuclear) and in 13.2% of the controls (1 parietal; 1 islet cell; 1 glucagon; 6 antinuclear). This study shows that the division of diabetes into type I and type II on the basis of islet cell antibodies and insulin dependence as done in the Caucasian population may not generally fit the pattern of diabetes as seen in Nigeria and possibly other parts of the tropics. PMID- 7025395 TI - Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) in measles and malaria infections. AB - Sodium concentrations and osmolalities of simultaneously obtained venous blood and urine have been determined in a total of 61 children consisting of 18 children with malaria infection, 18 children with measles infection and 25 age- and sex-matched controls. The mean plasma osmolalities in the malaria and measles groups were significantly lower than in the control group (p less than 0.01). There was no difference between the measles and malaria groups either in their plasma osmolality (p greater than 0.20) or urine osmolality (p greater than 0.10). The u/p ratios for both osmolality and sodium concentrations where significantly higher for both the measles and malaria groups than for the matched controls. There was no difference in the u/p values between the malaria and measles groups (0.02 greater than p greater than 0.10). We conclude from these results that measles and malaria infected children demonstrate inappropriate secretion of ADH. Every child with these conditions should be carefully evaluated for the detection of evidence of SIADH. This is more important for children with measles who are frequently anorexic and may need intravenous infusion for maintenance of hydration. PMID- 7025396 TI - [Centenary of the birth of S. N. Davidenkov]. PMID- 7025397 TI - [Characteristics of the organization and expression of individual genes in eukaryotic cells]. AB - The modern views on the organization and expression of single genes in eukaryotic cells, RNA structure and biosynthesis are reviewed. The problems of unstable gene localization ("mobile dispersed genetic elements") of some structural genes of cellular and viral origin are discussed. Peculiarities of transcription and processing of mRNA, pre-mRNA splicing are described. The information on the mechanisms of pre-mRNA splicing in normal and virus-infected eukaryotic cells, the role of low molecular nuclear RNA in the RNA splicing as signals for less than recognition greater than by specific nucleases and RNA synthetases are also regarded. PMID- 7025398 TI - Recent European research activities in mycobacteriology. AB - The subject of mycobacteriology is becoming an increasingly popular and complex one and the contribution by European scientists has been considerable. The important areas of research include taxonomy and the improvement of identification methods; biochemistry, including enzymology, metabolic regulation, lipid chemistry, iron uptake and metabolism, pigment synthesis and DNA chemistry; genetics and bacteriophages; ecology, including the effect of contact with environmental mycobacteria on the mammalian immune response; immunology; and the association of disease and cell-wall-free mycobacteria and studies on the leprosy bacillus. The European Society of Mycobacteriologists has recently been founded to unite workers in these disciplines and to promote and disseminate knowledge in this subject. PMID- 7025399 TI - Inhibition of leukocyte migration by a human colon cancer extract. PMID- 7025400 TI - Involvement of the bone marrow by non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: incidence, histology and pathologic correlations. AB - The Lukes and Collins system of classification was applied to 151 cases of non Hodgkin's lymphoma who had bone marrow biopsies taken immediately after histologic diagnosis. Incidence and histologic pattern of bone marrow involvement at the time of initial diagnosis were determined for each subtype of lymphoma. Thirty-three patients (21.8%) had bone marrow involvement. The frequency of bone marrow involvement was high for undefined and convoluted lymphocyte lymphomas (66.6%) and low to intermediate for follicular centre cell (20.3%) and small lymphocyte lymphomas (20.0%). Within the FCC lymphomas the non-cleaved cell type had a higher incidence of marrow involvement than the cleaved cell type (41.6% vs 8.9%). The follicular and diffuse histologic patterns in the diagnostic node did influence the incidence of marrow invasion in the non-cleaved cell type (75% vs 25%). A low incidence of marrow involvement was observed for the immunoblastic lymphomas (14.2%); evidence of marrow infiltration was never observed in patients with true histiocytic lymphomas. PMID- 7025401 TI - Therapy of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in children: a review of 73 patients. AB - Since 1969, 73 children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia have been admitted for evaluation and treatment at the Institute of Hematology of the University of Rome. Various drug regimens, basically including daunomycin and/or cytosine arabinoside, were employed both for induction and maintenance treatment. Overall, the incidence of complete remission was 63%. The availability of intensive supportive measures starting in 1974 appears to be the most likely explantation for the higher response rate observed since then. Duration of remission and overall survival were disappointingly short owing to the high frequency of bone marrow relapse. Carefully controlled clinical studies will in the future be necessary to explore better methods of preventing leukemic relapse. PMID- 7025402 TI - [Equilibrium intramolecular mobility in proteins]. AB - The critical analysis of available information on equilibrium intramolecular mobility in proteins is performed and an attempt is made to systematize it in relation to characteristic times tau, probability and spatial scale. We propose to discriminate fast (tau less than 10(-6) s) and slow (tau greater than 10(-6) s) mobility. The methods are considered for investigating fast mobility (X-ray analysis temperature-dependent factor, broadening of absorption spectra, thermal perturbation difference spectra and thermal ring-current shifts of 1H-NMR, fluorescence dipolar relaxation and quenching, 13C-NMR spin-lattice relaxation times and nuclear Overhauser enhancement and others) and the principal results obtained. Fast mobility is widely spread within the molecules. Its existence results in a population of dynamic microstates, the distribution of which depends on local packing density and secondary bonding. The fast movements are local and of very small activation energies. tau depends on the group size and are much longer than those of diffusion in simple liquids. Therefore, this kind of mobility may be characterized as a limited diffusion process in a medium with high and nonuniform viscosity. The significance of the fast mobility for the protein function is discussed. No function significant transglobular change of protein conformation could be obtained by subnanosecond, fast movements, but they depend on the level of "viscosity' of protein interior, produced by fast mobility. The fast dynamic microstates results in distribution of activation parameters for protein reactions. PMID- 7025403 TI - [Jejunoileostomy in the treatment of obesity - on the way out. A randomized clinical trial compared with a review of the literature]. PMID- 7025404 TI - [Epidural morphine and respiratory improvement after upper laparotomy]. PMID- 7025406 TI - [Changes in the method of CPAP treatment]. PMID- 7025405 TI - [Antacids]. PMID- 7025407 TI - [Immunodiagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases]. PMID- 7025408 TI - [The inhibitory effect of lactation on ovulation. Endocrinological and epidemiological studies]. PMID- 7025409 TI - [Foreign body of the liver]. PMID- 7025410 TI - [Treatment of acute, severe hypertension assessed in a multicentre study. The effects of rest and furosemide and a randomized clinical trial of chlorpromazine, dihydralazine and diazoxide]. PMID- 7025411 TI - [Timolol prevention in acute myocardial infarct. A Norwegian multi-centre study]. PMID- 7025412 TI - [Sports medicine]. PMID- 7025413 TI - [Timolol (Betim) in the treatment of essential hypertension in general practice. Single-dose and two-doses compared]. PMID- 7025414 TI - Specific red cell adherence test and unspecific immune response in patients with superficial bladder cancer. AB - ABH antigenicity and unspecific immune response were evaluated in 31 patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma. 26% of these patients showed a reduced dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) reaction. There was no significant difference in the monocyte chemotaxis of patients with benign urological diseases and patients with superficial bladder cancer. However, a significant difference exists versus patients with deeply infiltrating carcinomas. 20 patients revealed a loss of ABH antigens on the initial tumor. During the follow-up of at least 1 year, patients with negative DNCB skin test, reduced monocyte chemotaxis and negative specific red cell adherence test demonstrated a high rate of recurrent tumors and in 1 of 7 a progressive tumor developed. PMID- 7025415 TI - Emphysematous pyelonephritis in a polycystic kidney. PMID- 7025416 TI - [Comparison of conservative and surgical treatment of the vesico-uretero-renal reflux. International prospective reflux study in children (author's transl)]. AB - The role the VUR plays in the first development and progressing of the renal parenchymal destruction is generally accepted. The relationship between risk and advantage of a conservative and surgical treatment is still under discussion. A carefully controlled prospective cooperative study aims at a rational base for the individual treatment in children. PMID- 7025417 TI - Urinary undiversion in patients with myelodysplasia and neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Report of a workshop. AB - This workshop was conducted in an attempt to analyze critically the role of reconstruction of the myelodysplastic patient who had undergone urinary diversion and to develop guidelines for selecting those patients in whom urinary undiversion might be undertaken safely. The collective experience initially seems to be acceptable; however, the authors emphasize the gravity of the decision and the complexity of the evaluation which must be undertaken prior to embarking on such reconstructive surgery. Contrary to some reports, we believe that the defunctionalized bladder frequently can be evaluated. Further, many of the contraindications to urinary undiversion have been identified and several of the hazards involved therein can be avoided. We believe that the neurogenic bladder is no longer an absolute contraindication to undiversion. Our experience suggests that undiversion is a reasonable surgical treatment in select patient with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. But, the decision to remove a satisfactorily functioning conduit must not be undertaken lightly. Patients should be selected only after a thorough, detailed, and properly conducted evaluation. A protocol has been developed which will hopefully assist in this evaluation. Perhaps additional shared experience will further refine and delineate the circumstances appropriate for reconstruction of these patients. PMID- 7025418 TI - Management of massively dilated ureters in children. PMID- 7025419 TI - Plastic reconstruction of partially amputated penis at circumcision. AB - A case is reported of a twenty-two-year-old man who had sustained partial amputation of the penis at circumcision. This had resulted in a scarred and deformed micropenis with sexual inadequacy. A method of successful plastic penile reconstruction using split thickness skin graft is illustrated. PMID- 7025420 TI - Operating furniture. "Medical briefs". PMID- 7025421 TI - Theodor Billroth: the urologist. PMID- 7025422 TI - President's address. Captain James Cook (1728--1779). Explorations and the conquest of scurvy. PMID- 7025423 TI - Hepatitis B infection in patients with end stage renal disease: some characteristics and consequences. AB - Susceptibility to hepatitis B infection appears to be in part genetically determined. The HLA specificity Bw35 is commonly associated with a higher frequency of both transient and persistent hepatitis B surface antigen in the serum. Persistent hepatitis B surface antigenemia occurring in patients with end stage renal disease while on dialysis is associated with a poor prognosis and markedly decreased survival regardless of whether the individual is treated subsequently by chronic dialysis or by transplantation. We conclude that persistent hepatitis B surface antigenemia is not a contraindication to transplantation since outcome is not improved by management on hemodialysis. PMID- 7025424 TI - Thomas Jefferson: founders of two medical schools. PMID- 7025425 TI - Beaumont and Dunglison: who was Dunglison? PMID- 7025426 TI - Is renin a risk factor? AB - 1. These results show that elevated blood pressure and a hyperlipidemic diet exacerbate atherogenesis in the two kidney, one-clip hypertensive rabbit. Elevated PRA activity was not essential for the hypertension and did not exacerbate atherogenesis. 2. In addition, the experimentally induced, low renin state following DOC-saline did not result in a protective effect on cardiovascular lesions in rabbits fed an atherogenic diet when compared to normal renin controls. 3. Thus, in these experiments neither an increase in plasma renin accelerated atherogenesis, nor did a decrease in PRA slow the rate of production of atherosclerosis in the rabbit. 4. These observations lend no support to the thesis that renin is an independent risk factor when it is generated within the body in response to these stimuli. Indeed, it suggests that in this setting other factors, not PRA, are responsible for both hypertension in the two-kidney, one clip rabbit and the arterial damage which occurs in this hypercholesterolemic model. PMID- 7025427 TI - The human genome through the eyes of Mercator and Vesalius. PMID- 7025428 TI - A urological perspective. PMID- 7025429 TI - [Use of embryonic bone in the surgery of severe retinal detachment]. PMID- 7025430 TI - [Computers in the analysis of retinal detachment]. PMID- 7025431 TI - [Problems in automating perimetry (a review of the foreign literature)]. PMID- 7025432 TI - [Microfiltration operations in open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7025433 TI - [Reflecting microscopy of the posterior corneal epithelium]. PMID- 7025434 TI - [Role of retinal hemodynamics in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 7025435 TI - Feline insular amyloid: association with diabetes mellitus. AB - Of 31 domestic cats with diabetes mellitus, 20 (65%) had amyloid deposits in their pancreatic islets (i.e., insular amyloid). The incidence of insular amyloidosis (p = 0.34) was not significantly different between diabetic and age matched, non-diabetic cats from our previous study. Diabetic cats, however, had a significantly higher mean percentage of islets with amyloid (p = less than .005) and a significantly higher mean percentage of islets with abundant amyloid deposits (p = less than .005) than did non-diabetic cats. These results suggest that insular amyloidosis and diabetes are causally related and are not simply concurrent diseases associated with aging. Although the specific relationship of insular amyloidosis to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus was not determined, a functional islet cell abnormality probably precedes the diabetic state and the deposition of insular amyloid. PMID- 7025436 TI - Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in the first two decades. Morphologic and immunocytochemical study. PMID- 7025437 TI - Production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in nontoxic thyroid tumors. An immunohistochemical study. AB - Thyroid tissue specimens from 27 patients with thyroid tumors were examined for thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) by the peroxidase-labeled antibody method. The result revealed localization of T4 in 12 of the 14 follicular adenomas, in all the 8 papillary carcinomas and in 1 of the 3 follicular carcinomas studied, and of T3 in 13 of the 14 follicular adenomas, in all the 8 papillary carcinomas and in all the 3 follicular carcinomas. In the tumor tissue, the thyroid hormones were demonstrated in the colloid substance, on the luminal surface of tumor cells and in their cytoplasm. Compared with nontumorous thyroid tissue, the tumor tissue showed localization of the hormones predominantly in the cytoplasm and to a lesser extent in the colloid substance, with conspicuous variations in tissue distribution of positive areas and intensity of staining. This tendency was more marked in thyroid carcinomas. The demonstration of T4 and T3 in routine histological paraffin sections of formalin-fixed thyroid tissues in this investigation indicates potential usefulness of thyroid hormone detection by the peroxidase-labeled antibody technique. It is an effective diagnostic tool for evaluating the functional activity of the thyroid tumors as well as for determining whether a malignant growth under examination originates from the thyroid. PMID- 7025438 TI - Rabies and herpes simplex virus encephalitis. An immunohistological study on site and distribution of viral antigens. PMID- 7025439 TI - Central nervous system heterotopia in the lung of a fetus with cranial malformation. AB - Heterotopic glial tissue was seen within the lungs of a newborn with a cranial malformation and anterior spina bifida. Histological examination of the lung showed solid islands of glial tissue intermingled with pulmonary structures. Well developed bronchioles that were in continuity with the main bronchial tree could be identified within the nodules. The central cystic cavity of the nodules is a bronchial lumen probably dilated by the respiratory movements. Several hypotheses have been elaborated to explain the heterotopic glial tissue in lung. The presence of an anterior spina bifida suggests a migratory mechanism to explain the embryogenesis of this case. PMID- 7025440 TI - Foreign body giant cell reaction in lungs, liver and spleen. A complication of long term haemodialysis. AB - Accumulation of a foreign material in grotesque quantities was observed in the macrophages of lung, liver and spleen of a patient on maintenance haemodialysis. The material appeared in macrophages which were found either in groups or singly, without causing epitheloid cell reaction, necrosis or fibrosis. The material was non-isotropic, non-crystalline and did not stain with routine staining procedures. Transmission electron microscopy showed its presence within lysosomal membranes. The nature of the material and the mechanism of its incorporation into the patient remain unclear, but it is conceivable that incorporation is a consequence of longterm interaction of blood and foreign material during haemodialysis. The clinical consequences of such incorporation have to established. PMID- 7025441 TI - [Can modern hematology contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?]. PMID- 7025442 TI - [Vesicobullous phytodermatitis. Case report]. PMID- 7025443 TI - [Recognition sites of adenine DNA-methylases from cells of E. coli]. AB - DNA-methylases from a strain of E. coli CK were studied. Three adenine methylases were found in the strain studied, which were eluted by 0.16 M, 0.23 M and 0.7 M NaCl in phosphocellulose P-11 chromatography. According to this, the enzymes were designated as DM-A16, DM-A23 and MD-A70. Indirect data on the presence of adenine specific methylases dissimilar in their recognition sites in cells of E. coli CK were obtained using the test of additional methylation modified by I. I. Nikol'skaya. These conclusions were confirmed, when the dinucleotide sequence was determined in the recognition site using DM-A23 and DM-A70. The methylase DM-A23 was shown to recognize the dinucleotide sequence 5'...A-T...3' and DM-A70--the sequence 5'...A-G...3'. PMID- 7025444 TI - [Synthesis, transport and utilization of alanine (alanine-glucose cycle)]. PMID- 7025445 TI - [Gallbladder cancer and stones]. PMID- 7025446 TI - [Lymphogenic metastasis of malignant ovarian tumors]. PMID- 7025447 TI - Detection of platelet antibodies: a comparison of three techniques. AB - For the detection of auto-antibodies on the platelets and in the serum of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, three new techniques have recently been developed: the quantitative antiglobulin consumption assay (QACA), the platelet radioactive antiglobulin test (PRAT) and the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test (PSIFT). The results obtained by various investigators with these techniques differ considerably. We, therefore, studied the sensitivity of the three methods. This was done by testing platelet-reactive allo-antibodies (anti-Zwa, anti-HLA-A2) and auto-antibodies in titration. The results show that the PSIFT is the most sensitive technique, closely followed by the PRAT. The QACA was found to be much less sensitive than the other two methods. This suggests that a positive result in the QACA and a negative result in the PSIFT and/or PRAT cannot be attributed to the presence of platelet auto-antibodies. PMID- 7025448 TI - [Erythema nodosum in pseudotuberculosis infection]. PMID- 7025449 TI - [Diagnosis of pseudotuberculosis]. PMID- 7025450 TI - [History of the development of the cytological diagnostic method]. PMID- 7025451 TI - [Bone marrow exfusion for clinical purposes]. PMID- 7025452 TI - [Use of laser puncture in clinical medicine (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7025453 TI - [Prednisolone treatment of a patient with hemochromatosis]. PMID- 7025454 TI - Principles of partial denture design: the Class I partially edentulous arch. PMID- 7025455 TI - The treatment of acute leukemia in adults. PMID- 7025456 TI - Superior vena cava syndrome in children. PMID- 7025457 TI - [Acute (stress-induced) stomach ulcer in experimental and clinical studies]. PMID- 7025458 TI - [Comparative study of the effects of meslocillin and carbenicillin in the treatment of surgical wound infection]. PMID- 7025459 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis in Poland]. PMID- 7025460 TI - [Effect of child rearing and school and home education on the psychophysical development of Polish gentry youth in the 18th century]. PMID- 7025461 TI - [Psychoprophylactic technics in the delivery room]. PMID- 7025462 TI - [The faculty of medicine in Vienna and the physicians in the former "Kranjska" (author's transl)]. AB - The author represents by means of a number of examples the direct influence of the medical faculty of Vienna on the health service in the former Kranjska (a part of the present Slovenia) and on the development of the medical education during the time of van Swieten's reforms and later during the years of the second medical school in Vienna. Many physicians born in Slovenia played an important role in establishing the sanitary service on the territory of the former Austria and participated in the development of medical faculty of Vienna. They all deserve an honourable place in the annals of Austrian and Slovene history of medicine. PMID- 7025463 TI - Some thoughts on second opinion. PMID- 7025464 TI - Toxic shock syndrome bibliography developed. PMID- 7025465 TI - Governor proposes $2.564 billion Medicaid budget. PMID- 7025466 TI - [Possibilities for direct manipulation of gene expression of microbial secondary metabolism]. AB - The present review deals with some theoretical and applied aspects of directed manipulations of control mechanisms governing the expression of microbial secondary metabolism. In attempting to make broad generalizations, the production of secondary metabolites is discussed in terms of the cellular differentiation of relevant organisms. On the basis of the actual information about the regulation of microbial idiolite synthesis, some potential ways for the quantitative and the qualitative improvement of secondary metabolite production are discussed. A number of examples demonstrate the effectiveness of rational strategies of strain development, e. g., the removal of non-specific repressions of secondary metabolism by environmental factors, the excessive production of precursors due to altered control of intermediary metabolism, the increased resistance of producer organism against the autotoxicity of some idiolites, the deletion of alternative pathways of the primary and secondary metabolism, manipulations concerning the product spectrum, the deletion of feedback mechanisms, and elimination of degradating pathways in the secondary metabolism etc. The scope and limitations of rational strategies of strain improvement by genetic and physiologic manipulations are subjected to final discussion. PMID- 7025467 TI - [Surgical treatment of enchondromas of the hand]. PMID- 7025468 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and liver diseases]. PMID- 7025469 TI - [Rapid test for the determination of drug resistance in subcultured bacteria]. PMID- 7025470 TI - [Care and prognosis of eyelid injuries with severance of the lacrimal duct]. PMID- 7025471 TI - [Retrospective studies on the course of a Salmonella typhimurium-induced disease in 2 areas of the Karl Marx Stadt district]. PMID- 7025472 TI - [Impotence in male diabetics]. PMID- 7025473 TI - [The history of hygiene at Rostock University]. PMID- 7025474 TI - [Metabolic effects of intravenous noradrenaline in metabolically healthy humans]. PMID- 7025475 TI - [Comparison of the lipid-lowering agents clofibrate and bezafibrate in patients with hyperlipoproteinemias IIa and IIb]. AB - The influence of clofibrate and benzafibrate on total serum cholesterol and triglyceride level was investigated in patients with primary hyperlipoproteinaemia type IIa (16 patients) and IIb (13 patients), following a double-blind protocol. A significant decrease of the triglyceride level in the blood serum was stated in patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia type IIb, treated by benzafibrate. From the results presented in this paper it seems that benzafibrate is especially suitable for the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemias, characterized by hypertriglyceridaemia. PMID- 7025476 TI - [The significance of guided patient education on the value of metabolic control in a district center for diabetes mellitus]. AB - In 409 diabetics, in most cases with an insufficient attitude to problems of metabolism, the state of knowledge was examined ay means of an interrogation action. This was followed by an intensifying of the instruction by group instruction. On an average 9 months after this a clearly improved knowledge was stated. At the same time metabolism had improved in 50.3% of the patients and deteriorated only in 7.9%. PMID- 7025477 TI - [Athanasius Kircher (1602-1690) and the medical-natural science concepts of his time]. AB - The 300th anniversary of Athanasius Kircher's death gives rise to the memory of the work of this researcher. Kircher is grounded in history of medicine above all by his contribution to microscopic anatomy. A new theory of the genesis of infectious diseases goes back to him. Owing to Athanasius Kircher who also in other fields of medicine (audiology) strove for improvements the scientific public took an exacter knowledge of the Chinese medicine and natural science. Contributions in nearly all fields of the applied natural sciences secure Kircher an honorable memory in our time. PMID- 7025478 TI - [Critical backward glance at the development of the science of immunity]. AB - Premunition, infection immunity and virus persistence are notions of the theory of immunity, which, on account of their communities lead to the conclusion that the intracellular inclusion of the living agent is the basis of every acquired immunity. The antibodies of the vertebratae have an exclusively sensory function. They are no immune bodies. Acquired immunity is the ability to prevent a repetition of the same disease. But it does not protect from a local infection with the same agent. Local infections arise by the fact that specific antibodies were acquired already before the infection or were preformed in the genome of the host cells and may be called at once. Their germs lead to an inflammation at the entrance. Cyclic infectious diseases with particularly reliable immunity are certain virus diseases, such as measles, poliomyelitis and yellow fever. The viruses increase in the intracellular space may persist there and may later on evoke local recidivations, like the viruses of the herpes group. As a purely sensory substrate antibodies only evoke the inflammatory disease, but they are not carriers of the acquired immunity, but in certain cases only a mediator for these. Only in a prophylactic dosage antibodies may have an effect preventing disease. The gradual change of the contents of the notion of immunity in the course of this century has led the theoretical research to large difficulties, even to contradictions, respectively. Their correction by retroreflection to the original contents of the notion is necessary, in order to create clear fundaments for the future. PMID- 7025479 TI - [Side effects of hormonal contraception]. AB - Female sex hormones have an influence not only on the reproductive process, but on nearly all organs and functional systems. This explains their broad spectre of side-effects, which by their degree of subjective annoyance may impair the acceptability of hormonal contraception or--through a suggested risk to the patient--even enforce discontinuation of medication. The significance of quite a number of alterations in biochemical and metabolic parameters cannot yet be fully elucidated. The author offers a summary of the principal side-effects of present day hormonal contraceptives. PMID- 7025480 TI - [Schematic principles in the therapy of bacterial inflammation of the brain and meninges]. AB - Bacterial diseases of the central nervous system develop per continuitatem of haematogenically. Each of these two groups can further be subdivided. As an initial therapy when an unknown agent is present chloramphenicol in high doses (200 mg/kg KM) stood the test for adults and older children and ampicillin (200 to 400 mg/kg KM), respectively, for babies and infants. In case of need, this therapy is correlated according to the findings of the culture and the antibiogramme. In secondary meningitides the surgical cure of the focus should be performed only after improvement of the general condition. Recidivating meningitides undergo an operation when liquor fistulae are proved. In an unclarified cause a long-term therapy with oxacillin or lincomycin over 3-6 months is possible. In the meningitis of newborn the combination of ampicillin, carbenicillin or colistin with gentamycin is necessary, intravenously and intrathecally. Hydrocortisone and streptokinase shall prevent the transfer of the liquor spaces. Of great importance is the combat against the cerebral oedema. In mycetogenous meningitis amphotericin B, eventually in combination with 5 fluorocytosine, can be used. There are still no effective remedies against the amoebic meningo-encephalitis. PMID- 7025481 TI - [Complications of experimental lung transplantations]. AB - Experimental lung transplantations are burdened with a very high rate of complications even is there is a strict consideration of sterile precautions. These complications occur predominantly directly in connection with organ rejection. Extrathoracic complications are rare and predominantly attributed to arterial embolism. All untreated receivers of lung had thoracic complications in autopsy. Only 5% of immune suppressively treated receivers were free of complications. Most frequent complications are pleuropulmonary infections. Weighty complications are haemorrhagic infarcts of the transplant and insufficiency of the bronchus. Only without complications can survived about years the chronic rejection. PMID- 7025482 TI - [Platelets and coronary artery disease (CAD) (author's transl)]. AB - During recent years, platelets have been increasingly implicate in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and its complications. This is based on new knowledge of platelet physiology as well as on clinical observations. Experimentally, it can be demonstrated that platelet vessel wall interaction is important in atherogenesis. In animal, platelet aggregates in the arterial circulation may cause ischemic myocardial lesions. In patients who died suddenly platelet thrombi can often be found in the microcirculation at autopsy. Compounds released during platelet aggregation may cause a spasm of the coronary arteries. Hyperactive platelets can be demonstrated in patients with CAD as well as in patients with the known risk factors of CAD. In some clinical trials, platelet function inhibitors reduced death from cardiac causes. Here we review the theoretical and experimental basis of the "platelet hypothesis" of CAD and its complications as well as the rationale for treating patients with CAD with "'antiplatelet" drugs. PMID- 7025483 TI - [A method for the preservation of immunofluorescence preparations]. PMID- 7025484 TI - [The effect of drugs on laboratory diagnosis]. PMID- 7025485 TI - [A simple method for the accumulation of synaptosomal membranes]. PMID- 7025486 TI - [Samuel Thomas Soemmerring (1755-1830) as a neuroanatomist]. PMID- 7025487 TI - [Ernst Herzog in memoriam]. PMID- 7025488 TI - [Quantitative histological studies of mast cells in sand rats (Psammomys obesus) during development of a mellitus syndrome]. AB - The mast cell system on sand rats with different disturbances of the carbohydrate tolerance (control-, impaired-glucose-tolerance-, and diabetic group) are investigated. In the IGT-group (impaired glucose tolerance) are mast cells significantly increased. However the number of this cells in the diabetic group are significant decreased. In the subspitheliale connective tissue and intraepitheliale (tongue) are numerous mast cells present.--This investigations demonstrate that the mellitus-syndrome is not only a complex neuroendocrine disturbance but also a disturbance of biogenic amines and the organ of the connective tissue. PMID- 7025489 TI - [Age related classification of neurons in the rat visual cortex: a Nissl study (author's transl)]. AB - Using Nissl preparations, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 90, and 420 days old albino rats were investigated with regard to classification of several neuron types within layer IV and adjacent zones of layers III and V. Increasing maturation of the nervous tissue provides a greater classifiable variety of neuron types. About between the second and third postnatal week the degree of classification reach partially almost the same level as in the adult animals. Particular attention is paid to a large, frequently bipolar neuron type rich in cytoplasm. PMID- 7025490 TI - [Demonstration of spine-bearing dwarf neurons in the caudatus-putamen complex of the rat following pargyline application]. AB - The neostriatum of adult rats pretreated wit pargyline was investigated by means of the rapid Golgi procedure. An hitherto unknown spine-bearing neuron typ with a soma size ranging from 6 to 8 microm could be demonstrated. Owing to its morphological features, this neuron type is regarded to be a striatal interneuron. The mode of transmission and the functional role of these neurons within the caudatus-putamen-complex is still to be examined. PMID- 7025491 TI - [Morphological differentiation in connection with the functional specialization of the mammalian visual system (author's transl)]. AB - In the mammals there are two visual pathways: 1. retino-geniculo-cortical (as a rule area 17) and 2. retino-colliculo-thalamo-(pulvino-) cortical (mainly areas 18 and 19). In connection with the visual specialization the first pathway only shows on the subcortical level (dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus) and on the cortical level (area 17) morphological differentiations. In contrast, the differentiation of parts of the second pathway (pulvinar complex and associative cortex) is the expression of a higher evolution of this system. In the dLGN the input-zones of the ipsi- and contralateral eye are separated more and more. This becomes visible by a cytoarchitectonic lamination of the dLGN. In area 17 layer IV is--in connection with the specialization--increasingly divided in sublayers where the fibers of the X- and Y-system terminate separately. PMID- 7025492 TI - Electrophoretic and chemical studies on the X-ray damage of malate synthase. AB - The sulfhydryl enzyme malate synthase was shown to undergo an X-ray induced aggregation and inactivation in solution (Zipper and Durchschlag, Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 18, 99-121 (1980). Further evidence for the occurrence of aggregation and inactivation and also of fragmentation and partial unfolding of the enzyme upon X-irradiation was obtained by chemical and electrophoretic studies. Irradiation was carried out in a specially designed microcell, experiments were performed on the microlevel. Under conditions of the experiments the formation of H2O2 upon X-irradiation could be proven; therefore the influence of H2O2 on the enzyme was investigated too. Though the quantitative results of the damaged enzyme particles are influenced by many disturbing factors, the findings allow clear statements on the nature of the effects under investigation. 1) Both X-irradiation and treatment with H2O2 caused a decrease of total and an increase of available sulfhydryl groups of the enzyme and led to a loss of enzymic activity. The presence of dithiothreitol turned out to be able to protect the enzyme against X-ray or H2O2 induced inactivation. Moreover, addition of dithiothreitol after X-irradiation or H2O2 treatment allowed a considerable repair of enzymic activity. 2) Polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoreses of X irradiated enzyme solutions, performed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, showed the occurrence of covalently cross-linked subunits (preferably dimers and trimers) and of various definite fragments. Electrophoreses in the absence of the denaturant indicated the occurrence of enzyme aggregation. The effects were more pronounced with increasing X-ray doses. The electrophoreses also clearly reflected a radioprotection by dithiothreitol against cross-linking, but not against fragmentation. Addition of excess of 2-mercaptoethanol or of dithiothreitol to the X-irradiated enzyme clearly demonstrated that part of the covalent cross-links were disulfide bridges; the aggregates themselves, however, were held together primarily by non-covalent bonds. Blocking of exposed enzyme sulfhydryls by means of Ellman's reagent prevented both covalent cross-linking and enzyme aggregation. 3) Similar electrophoretic patterns as found for the X irradiated enzyme were obtained for the unirradiated enzyme after treatment with H2O2. The similarity of the sulfhydryls in the presence of H2O2, suggest an involvement of H2O2 in the radiation damage of the enzyme. It seems plausible that oxidation reactions are responsible for the effects caused by X-irradiation or H2O2 treatment. PMID- 7025493 TI - Adoptive transfer of immunity to Plasmodium berghei after busulfan and cyclophosphamide treatment of recipient mice. AB - Balb/c mice injected with P. berghei die about 21 days after infection. Successful cell transfer in mice was made possible by the pretreatment of the recipient with a combination of busulfan and cyclophosphamide. Cell counts showed that drug-treated mice contain 20 times less bone marrow cells than normal mice, and when injected with P. berghei die significantly later than normal controls. The animals were injected with normal (NBM) and immune bone marrow and normal (NSp) and immune spleen (ISp). The results obtained showed that ISp lengthens significantly the average survival time, producing cure of 50% of the recipients. Transfer of NSp and NBM also lengthens the average survival time. PMID- 7025494 TI - [Extension according to Matev in malformations of the hands (author's transl)]. AB - Step-by-step distraction of the metacarpal I according to Matev in traumatic loss of the thumb is demonstrated in a modified form with interposition of a corticospongious bone chip. Subsequently, the article reports on the use of this method in congenital malformations of the hand on the basis of three different examples.--Firstly, monodactyly with extension of a second metacarpal as passive counter-support,--Secondly, symbrachydactyly with rudimentary metacarpal rests I to V with extension of I and then of III and IV, followed by subtotal resection of the second metacarpal stump and phalangisation, and--Thirdly, bilateral severe malformation of the hand through amniotic segmentations and exogenous syndactylies with extension of metacarpal I, ligamental transposition and commissural deepening. The results show that--provided indication is strict on account of the almost always satisfactory substitute grasping actions in congenital malformations of the hand--an effective improvement of the grasping function can be achieved in selected individual cases by means of Matev's method. PMID- 7025495 TI - [On theory and practice of congenital pseudarthroses of the lower leg (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025496 TI - [Organization of trace manifestations in cell populations of the sensorimotor cortex]. PMID- 7025497 TI - [Structuro-functional basis for disordered cerebral activity in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 7025498 TI - [Functional significance of various subcortical structures]. PMID- 7025499 TI - Reduced platelet aggregation by pentoxifylline stimulated prostacyclin release. PMID- 7025500 TI - A double-blind trial of O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutoside in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. PMID- 7025501 TI - [V. I. Lenin]. PMID- 7025502 TI - [Current problems in the serodiagnosis of syphilis]. PMID- 7025503 TI - [Gottron's reticulosarcomatosis with rapidly progressing visceral lesions]. PMID- 7025504 TI - [Biological importance of the antitumor activity of regenerating tissue]. PMID- 7025505 TI - [Creatine kinase system and muscle energy metabolism]. PMID- 7025506 TI - The use of paediatric cadaver kidneys for transplantation in adult recipients. AB - In view of the shortage of cadaveric donors a retrospective study has been performed to determine the results of transplantation of paediatric cadaver donor kidneys into adult recipients. Graft- and patient survival and renal function in the 31 cases analysed in this study showed no adverse effect of the use of paediatric donor kidneys. No vascular complications were encountered. Ureteric leakage occurred in only one case and it was treated successfully. It is concluded that paediatric age is no criterion for donor exclusion and that paediatric donors are to be regarded as a valuable source of cadaveric kidneys for transplantation. PMID- 7025507 TI - [A clinical trial of sulindac in osteoarthrosis]. AB - 45 patients wih degenerative joint diseases (osteoarthrosis of the hip or knee, Heberden's nodes) were treated for 5 weeks in an open controlled trial with Sulindac, a new nonsteroidal antirheumatic drug (300-400 mg daily). The effectiveness of the drug was evaluated by the following criteria: changes of pain intensity with active movements, pain at rest, night pain, duration of morning stiffness and limitation of movement. Analysis of the global data showed in 64,4% excellent results. In 9.9% the results were good, in 17,8% moderate and there was no response in 6.6%. Other side effects (epigastric pain 8,9%, dizziness 2,2%) were not serious and reversible during the treatment with Sulindac. PMID- 7025508 TI - [Flurbiprofen and indomethacin in chronic polyarthritis and gonarthrosis - a comparative multicentric double-blind cross-over study]. AB - In two multicenter double-blind cross-over studies efficacy and safety of flurbiprofen and indomethacin were compared. Nineteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis and twenty with osteoarthrosis of the knee were treated. Both drugs were effective and almost equal. Also safety was good, however three patients on indomethacin and one on flurbiprofen had to be withdrawn from the trial because of side-effects. PMID- 7025510 TI - [Futuristic preparation system]. PMID- 7025509 TI - [Breeding of spontaneously diabetic sand rats (Psammomys obesus) under laboratory conditions]. PMID- 7025511 TI - [Removable denture - report of an inquiry. 2. Partial denture]. PMID- 7025512 TI - [Gingival sulcus hygrometry in periodontal treatment]. PMID- 7025513 TI - [Prevention of caries and periodontal disease in prosthetically treated patients]. PMID- 7025514 TI - [A life for dentistry (Dr. Fritz Schon)]. PMID- 7025515 TI - [Preventive aspects with regard to the moulding of crowns]. PMID- 7025516 TI - [Metalloceramic crowns with cervical free-end facing]. PMID- 7025517 TI - [Keralux S--a new mineral tooth]. PMID- 7025518 TI - [Special model preparation after ringless impression without the use of saw cutting]. PMID- 7025519 TI - [Iatrogenic arterial injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025520 TI - [Our surgical heritage. Albert Hoffa]. PMID- 7025521 TI - [Reconstruction of flexor tendons of the hand (author's transl)]. AB - In the reconstruction of lacerated flexor tendons excellent and good results could be achieved in 51%.--The best results were obtained in zone 1, 3, 4 and 7 according to Verdan's classification. Depending on the operative technique of reconstruction the best results were obtained in reinsertion and primary suture of the tendons. In free tendon grafting the two-staged procedure gave better results than the modified Paneva-Holewich-technique and this was better than the classical tendon grafting in one operation.--Dissected flexor tendons are recommended to be reconstructed primarily according to Kleinert's principles. Some special operative techniques, suture materials, and new instruments are discussed. PMID- 7025522 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (28)]. PMID- 7025523 TI - [Investigations on the effect of a 50 Hz-AC-field on the immunity of the mouse following chronic exposure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025524 TI - Studies on E. coli-enteropathy in weanling rabbits. PMID- 7025525 TI - [Anatolii Aleksandrovich Smorodintsev (on his 80th birthday)]. PMID- 7025526 TI - [Diagnosis of Grigor'ev-Shiga dysentery]. AB - The data on the relative significance and composition of Sh. dysenteriae serovars isolated in some regions of the USSR in 1975-1979 are presented. Special tests revealed that Endo agar was the best medium, while Ploskirev's agar was the worst medium for growing Sh. dysenteriae 1 (the museum strain and the newly isolated strain from Bangladesh). The testing of agar with eosine-methylene blue yielded moderate results in respect of the growth of the museum strain; as to the growth of the strain from Bangladesh, the results were identical to those obtained in testing Ploskirev's agar. The "epidemic" strain from Bangladesh was shown to correspond to the classical characteristics in its fermentative properties: polyvalent dysenteric phage and agglutinating sera produced in the USSR proved to be completely suitable for identification. The present-day clinical course and clinico-laboratory characteristics of dysentery caused by Sh. dysenteriae 1 are described. Practical recommendations on the bacteriological and clinical diagnosis of Grigoryev-Shiga dysentery, brought from an outside infection source, are proposed. PMID- 7025527 TI - [Mechanism of spread of intrahospital infections]. PMID- 7025528 TI - [Detection of an antigen of the L-forms of group A hemolytic streptococci in the sera of rheumatic patients following immune complex separation]. AB - Tests were carried out to confirm the presence of the antigens of group A hemolytic streptococci in the L-form as a part of immune antigen-antibody complexes in the blood of rheumatic patients. The preliminary dissociation of antigen-antibody complexes with the subsequent gel filtration of the samples resulted in a significant increase in the number of serum samples giving the positive result in the aggregate hemagglutination test. The total number of serum samples yielding the antigen was more than 69.4%, whereas the commonly used aggregate hemolysis test allowed detection of the L-form antigen in 18-24% of serum samples obtained from rheumatic patients, as well as from patients with infectious myocarditis. PMID- 7025529 TI - [Ribosomal dysentery vaccine. IV. Study of the reactogenicity, antigenic and protective activity of Shigella sonnei ribosomes in monkey experiments]. PMID- 7025530 TI - [Experimental basis of a new principle for purifying antilymphocyte serum]. AB - The experiment has demonstrated a higher immunosuppressive activity of antilymphocytic serum, purified with the use of a placental immunoadsorbent, in comparison with the preparations exhausted by red blood cells and plasma. This fact experimentally substantiates the use of the immunoadsorbent prepared from human placenta for the purification of antilymphocytic immunoglobin preparations. Rabbit immunoglobulin to human lymphocytes obtained by means of the new method corresponds to the technical specifications for such preparations and is less reactogenic than antilymphocytic immunoglobulin prepared in accordance with the routine technology. PMID- 7025531 TI - [Protective antigen of the pseudotuberculosis microbe]. AB - Proteinolipopolysaccharide (PLPS) isolated from the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis has the properties of a protective antigen. It protects 86-90% of mice and guinea-pigs from lethal Y. pseudotuberculosis infection (20 lethal doses) and stimulates humoral and cellular immunity factors, as well as the phagocytic activity of monocytes. It is of particular importance due to the fact that in Y. pseudotuberculosis infection the system of mononuclear phagocytes plays a significant role in eliminating the causative agent from the body. The further study of PLPS with the aim of developing prophylactic preparations shows good promise. PMID- 7025532 TI - [Serologic groups of O-antigens of E. coli isolated from urinary tract infections within the boundaries of the USSR and East Germany]. AB - A total of 373 E. coli strains, isolated in urinary tract infections from children and adults in Rostock (GDR) and Moscow (USSR), were found to belong to 63 O-groups. E. coli isolated in Rostock belonged to 36 O-groups, and in Moscow to 53 O-groups. The occurrence of E. coli serogroups in the dominating O-groups (more than 2% of the total number of strains) in Rostock (O1, O2, O4, O6, O7, O8, O9, O15, O21, O25, O75, O102) differed from that in Moscow (O1, O2, O4, O6, O8, O9, O15, O16, O17, O18, O25, O28, O73, O75) in composition and frequency, in Rostock the predominant E. coli groups being O2, O4, O6, O7, O9, O21, O75, O102, while in Moscow O1, O8, O15, O16, O17, O18, O25, O28, O73. The partial O-antigen composition of E. coli strains belonging to the same O-groups, isolated in Rostock and Moscow, was different in groups O1, O2, O125. PMID- 7025533 TI - [Structural features of bacteria after losing their cell walls]. PMID- 7025534 TI - [Detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia in patients with diarrhea of undetermined etiology using experimental models]. AB - Feces from 249 adult patients hospitalized due to diarrhea of unknown etiology were investigated. In 65.5% of the patients enterotoxic E. coli (ETEC) producing thermostable enterotoxin were detected by the anal test in suckling mice. As demonstrated by the paw edema test in mice, 79% of such strains produced also thermolabile enterotoxin, the remaining strains belonged to the ETEC variants, known from the literature, producing only thermostable enterotoxin. The antigenic similarity of the thermolabile enterotoxin with cholerogen was confirmed by the phenomenon of paw edema neutralization in mice. Among the cultures isolated from the patients 2 ETEC variants, which could not be differentiated by the test in suckling mice and by the paw edema test in mice and paw edema neutralization, were detected by the intranasal infection of mice. PMID- 7025535 TI - [Differential diagnosis of traumatic intracranial hematomas and cerebral contusions using a portable calculator]. PMID- 7025536 TI - [Analysis of several causes of inadequate surgical treatment of epilepsy]. AB - From the analysis of 100 cases with stereotaxic and "classical" surgical treatment of epilepsy several premises are drawn. The source of possible errors in the topical diagnosis of an epileptic focus may be overestimation in some case of the results of routine neuroradiological examination, and the possibility of the existence of reciprocal interrelationship of the epileptic foci and the activation of one of them in removal of the other. The authors suggests a method of control over the activity of intact foci after removal of the dominating elements of the epileptic systems. Some doubt is expressed concerning the diagnostic value of control (i. e. after removal of the focus) ECG examination and the conviction is stated for the need of widen the volume of single-stage stereotaxic operations by combining the destruction of the most active elements of the epileptic systems. PMID- 7025537 TI - A simplified enzymatic assay for the determination of acetylcholine and choline in discrete structures of rat brain. AB - Acetylcholine and choline were determined in discrete structures of the rat brain by using a simplified radioenzymatic method. Animals were killed by microwave irradiation. The time for killing was controlled by estimating the activity of acetylcholine esterase. After extracting acetylcholine and choline from the tissue by formic acid/acetone the amines were separated by thin-layer chromatography and radioenzymatically labelled as described by SAELENS et al. The radiolabelled acetylcholine was extracted by sodium tetraphenylboron/hexanone. After washing the organic phase with buffer the radiolabelled acetylcholine was measured in a liquid scintillation counter. The contents of acetylcholine and choline were determined in nucleus accumbens septi, olfactory tubercle and striatum and compared with literature data. PMID- 7025538 TI - Altered ribonucleotide reductase obtained by in vitro mutagenesis of cloned Escherichia coli DNA. PMID- 7025539 TI - The cytopathology of cerebrospinal fluid. I. Nonneoplastic conditions, lymphoma and leukemia. AB - In this review, the historical background of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytopathology is presented, with particular emphasis on the technical and cytopreparatory advances that have increased the sensitivity and accuracy of this technique. Normal cells, contaminants and nonneoplastic processes, including a broad spectrum of inflammatory conditions, are discussed. The role of central nervous system (CNS) cytopathology in the management of patients with leukemia and lymphoma is presented. This discussion includes the natural history, cytologic presentation and diagnostic pitfalls that are associated with these hematologic diseases. PMID- 7025540 TI - Microfilaria in bone marrow aspirate: a case report. PMID- 7025541 TI - The cytopathology of cerebrospinal fluid. II. Metastatic cancer, meningeal carcinomatosis and primary central nervous system neoplasms. AB - The evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) requires adaption of basic cytopathologic principles to the specific neoplasms that involve the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, general criteria for detecting malignant cells in CSF are presented. The incidence and cytologic characteristics of specific metastatic tumors that involve CSF are reviewed, and the incidence, pathogenesis and natural history of meningeal carcinomatosis are discussed. The role of cytopathology in the detection and management of primary CNS tumors is presented. Emphasis is placed on the cytologic characteristics of individual types of primary brain tumors and the application of fine needle aspiration biopsy to intracranial lesions. PMID- 7025542 TI - Effect of oestrogen on the responsiveness of the pituitary gland to LRH: the role of corpora lutea. PMID- 7025543 TI - The renal kallikrein-kinin system in Brattleboro rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus. Missing relationship between antidiuretic hormone and the renal kallikrein-kinin system. AB - The activity of the renal kallikrein-kinin system was investigated in male Brattleboro rats homozygous for hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (DI); Long-Evans rats (LE) were taken as controls. In the rats with DI, urinary kallikrein excretion was lower (P less than 0.05) than in the LE rats. However, when related to total renal mass or to body weight, there was no difference between the two strains. Kallikrein activity in the renal cortex was similar in the Brattleboro and the LE rats. Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin tannate) in a dose of 100 mU given once daily for 3 days had no effect on urinary kallikrein excretion in either of the strains. Water deprivation for 24 h resulted, also in both strains, in a similar reduction in urinary kallikrein excretion. The renal kallikrein kinin system of LE rats and that of DI rats does not principally differ in basic activity, nor in response to the administration of vasopressin, nor to water deprivation. PMID- 7025544 TI - Sensitivity of insulin secretion to feedback inhibition by hyperinsulinaemia. AB - The ability of insulin to inhibit its own secretion was examined in 15 normal subjects given an intravenous infusion of insulin in a dose of 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 5.0 or 10.0 mU/kg/min for two hours. Arterial plasma insulin concentration achieved during the infusion segregated into three levels of hyperinsulinaemia: 35 +/- 1 (mean +/- SEM), 87 +/- 15 and 828 +/- 210 muU/ml. Plasma glucose concentration was kept constant at the basal level by a variable glucose infusion. Fasting C-peptide (0.29 +/- 0.02 pmol/ml) fell significantly in all subjects during hyperinsulinaemia and reached a concentration of 0.19 +/- 0.03 pmol/ml at 60 min and 0.14 +/- 0.03 at 120 min after the start of the insulin infusion. The C-peptide response was not related to the infusion dose nor to the steady state plasma insulin concentration. It is concluded that (a) basal insulin secretion as evaluated from C-peptide measurements is inhibited by small (24 +/- 3 muU/ml) physiological elevations in plasma insulin concentration independent of changes in plasma glucose, and (b) supraphysiological or even pharmacological elevations in plasma insulin do not result in a further decrease in endogenous insulin secretion above that achieved with mild hyperinsulinaemia. PMID- 7025545 TI - Mineralocorticoid and metabolic response to metyrapone on normotensive children and children with dexamethasone-suppressible and primary hyperaldosteronism. AB - The effect of 5 to 9 days of metyrapone administration (400 mg/m2 every 4 h) on aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, plasma renin activity, electrolyte balance, and blood pressure was investigated in 2 normotensive siblings (one of whom showed limited ACTH reserve), in 3 patients with hypertension and dexamethasone suppressible hyperaldosteronism, and in a hypertensive patient with primary hyperaldosteronism due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. RESULTS: 1. Plasma and urinary aldosterone levels were steadily suppressed by metyrapone in all cases, except in the oldest patient studied who had dexamethasone-suppressible hyperaldosteronism and in whom, after a few days, aldosterone gradually rose to normal levels. 2. Mild mineralocorticoid effect occurred only in the normal subject. In all other patients there was no apparent mineralocorticoid effect despite deoxycorticosterone hypersecretion. 3. There was no significant change in blood pressure with metyrapone administration in any patient. PMID- 7025546 TI - [Acute myelogenous leukaemia after renal transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - 7 years after successful renal transplantation pancytopenia developed in a 35 years old patient. After a latency period of 1 year an acute myelogenous leukaemia occurred, which--together with septic complications--caused the patient's death. Renal transplant patients have an increased risk for development of neoplasia. However, acute myelogenous leukaemias have been reported rarely up to this time. Presenting this case, the possible causal connections between transplantation and neoplasia are discussed. PMID- 7025547 TI - [Effect of muscular exercise and metabolic control on cortisol, growth hormone, plasma-epinephrine and plasma-norepinephrine in type-I diabetics [author's transl)]. AB - In the present study we investigated the influence of muscular exercise on stress hormones (cortisol, growth hormone, epinephrine, norepinephrine) in nonketotic, juvenile-type diabetics (JD) in relation to the degree of metabolic control. The plasma-hormone-concentrations were measured in 8 well controlled JD, 8 moderately controlled JD and in 8 healthy subjects, before, during and after a 30 min bicycle ergometer test of moderate work intensity. The exercise induced rise in cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine wa similar in both groups of diabetics and not significantly different compared with controls. In healthy subjects growth hormone levels rose significantly with the onset of exercise, whereas in both patient groups maximal growth hormone concentrations were found at the end of the ergometer test. In moderately controlled JD, however, growth hormone concentrations were significantly higher than in well controlled JD. The results demonstrate that muscular exercise shows a similar effect on cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine, but not on growth hormone concentrations in nonketotic, conventionally treated JD compared with controls. PMID- 7025548 TI - Diabetes and pregnancy: a review. PMID- 7025549 TI - [Paradoxical oculo-palpebral motility and related syndromes]. PMID- 7025550 TI - Sudden death in epilepsy. A comprehensive review of the literature and proposed mechanisms. PMID- 7025551 TI - The blood-brain barrier: an overview with special reference to insulin effects on glucose transport. PMID- 7025552 TI - Recent advances in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. PMID- 7025553 TI - Inversio uteri puerperalis. AB - Uterine inversion is a rare condition that occurs in various degrees. Predisposing and etiologic factors are discussed, as are therapy and prophylaxis. These points are illustrated by 4 own cases and by 172 cases collected from literature. PMID- 7025554 TI - The management of premature labor with salbutamol. AB - One hundred and eight patients with imminent premature labor in the 24-36th week of pregnancy and with intact membranes were allocated randomly to two groups. Fifty-four patients were treated with intravenous infusion of 12-50 microgram/min of salbutamol (Ventoline) and 4 mg was subsequently given orally at 4-hour intervals. The weight of the newborn was over 2 500 g in 72% of cases. The duration of pregnancy was prolonged by over seven days in 67%, and 37 weeks of pregnancy and more was achieved in 61%. The comparable figures for the control group treated with fenoterol, 3-4 microgram/min and subsequently 5 mg orally at 4 hour intervals, were 78, 80 and 70% respectively. PMID- 7025555 TI - Terbutaline inhalation for alleviation of severe pain in essential dysmenorrhea. AB - In a double-blind cross-over study the effect of terbutaline spray (Bricanyl aerosol) inhalations was tested in 14 women with severe dysmenorrhea. A significant relief was noted in association with an increased menstrual blood loss. The side effects were few. PMID- 7025556 TI - Torsional strength of cortical and cancellous bone grafts after rigid plate fixation. AB - Mechanical properties of cortical and cancellous interposition grafts in rabbit tibiofibular bones fixed with 6-hole DCP/ASIF plates were tested with torsional loading after intervals of 3 to 52 weeks postoperatively. In the cortical grafts maximum torque moment at fracture, energy absorption capacity and rigidity increased from 3 to 12 weeks, while the cancellous grafts were more plastic with lower rigidity, higher angular deformation and higher energy absorption. From 12 to 52 weeks maximum torque moment at fracture, energy absorption, rigidity and angular deformation decreased in grafts of both types, the respective means at 36 weeks being 39, 34, 57 and 82 per cent of the cortical grafts, and 26, 17, 42 and 58 per cent of the control values for the cancellous grafts. The differences between the torsional properties of the two graft types decreased with time. PMID- 7025557 TI - Biochemical changes in bone grafts stabilized with rigid plates. I. Cancellous grafts. AB - The effect of rigid plate fixation on the chemical composition of cancellous interposition grafts was studied in rabbit-fibular bones. The concentrations of hexosamines and, to a lesser degree, of hydroxyproline and nitrogen, were high in the graft for the first 6 weeks, decreased from weeks 6 to 12, but remained higher than the corresponding values for the controls throughout the experiment (52 weeks). The ratio of hexosamines to hydroxyproline was highest for the graft at 3 weeks, indicating formation of cartilage and osteoid. The initially low calcium concentration of the graft increased by 35 per cent from weeks 1 to 6, decreased from weeks 6 to 12, and remained below normal thereafter in comparison with corresponding values for the cortical host bone. The ratio of calcium to hydroxyproline increased throughout the experiment, reflecting maturation of the graft to lamellar bone. Thus, biochemically the early incorporation of rigidly fixed cancellous interposition grafts resembles the healing of unimmobilized fractures by callus formation. PMID- 7025558 TI - Biochemical changes in bone grafts stabilized with rigid plates. II. Cortical grafts. AB - The effect of rigid plate fixation on the chemical composition of cortical interposition grafts were studied in rabbit tibio-fibular bones. The concentration of hexosamines increased both in the graft and in the host bone during the first 6 weeks, but thereafter decreased. The concentrations of hydroxyproline and nitrogen increased throughout the experiment. The ratio of hexosamines to hydroxyproline increased in the graft for the first 6 weeks, indicating formation of immature osteoid and bone during this period, but thereafter decreased. The calcium concentration of the graft decreased significantly during the first 12 weeks and remained below normal (-10 to -19 per cent). The mineralization of the graft, assessed by the ratio of calcium to hydroxyproline, decreased continually. The results suggest that cortical bone grafts stabilized with rigid plates heal with only slight chemical signs of callus formation. The demineralization of the graft reflects the porotic changes that take place under the plate. PMID- 7025559 TI - Skeletal complications following renal transplantation. AB - The occurrence of skeletal complications was examined in a series of 204 renal graft recipients who had maintained graft function for more than 12 months. Osteonecrosis was observed in 22 of the patient (11 per cent) from 5 to 46 months after the transplant operation. The lesions were often multifocal, with as many as 40 joints affected. The most common site was the femoral head, necrosis of which was recorded in 24 instances. The lesions here present a major clinical problem, and total hip replacement was deemed necessary in 4 cases, in all of which an excellent result was achieved. Fractures had occurred after the transplantation in 53 patients (26 per cent), against only 6 before the operation. A total of 109 fractures had been sustained after periods ranging from 1 to 58 months, the most common site being the pelvic bones. The fractures were treated according to standard principles; no complications were encountered. The skeletal complications were equally common among the males and females; they tended to occur at advanced ages. They occurred to roughly the same extent whether the graft was from a related or a cadaveric donor and whether the patient had received one or more grafts. PMID- 7025560 TI - [Bone necrosis following kidney transplantation. Results of 15 years' experience]. PMID- 7025561 TI - [Osteonecrosis of the femur head in kidney transplant patients]. PMID- 7025562 TI - [Birth and development of otorhinolaryngology in the history of medicine]. PMID- 7025563 TI - [Neonatal osteomyelitis and arthritis caused by group B streptococcus]. PMID- 7025564 TI - Metabolic effects of septicaemia in newborn and young infants with particular reference to the plasma free amino acids. AB - Blood samples were obtained from 13 infants with clinically and microbiologically confirmed septicaemia. Two subgroups of the septic infants were formed according to postnatal age, an early onset group consisting of 6 infants younger than 7 days, and a late onset group comprising 7 infants of 20 infants. The blood samples were analysed for 18 plasma amino acids and glucose, lactate and FFA. Except the significantly lowered blood glucose in the early onset group of infants, no appreciable change occurred in the glucose, lactate and FFA levels. The plasma aminogram was different in the two groups, as hypoaminoacidaemia was more pronounced in the early onset group. The branched chain amino acids decreased significantly in both groups. The three important glucogenic amino acids alanine, glycine and proline showed a decrease only in the early onset group. Among the calculated plasma amino acid ratios the phenylalanine: tyrosine quotient was markedly increased. This, in addition to the response of the branched chain amino acids, has been found characteristic of a variety of clinical and experimental infections. PMID- 7025565 TI - Identification of early sepsis by serial serum phosphate determination in critically ill newborns. PMID- 7025566 TI - The prevalence of coronary risk factors in children--a review. PMID- 7025567 TI - [Depression in childhood from the standpoint of developmental psychology]. PMID- 7025568 TI - [Classification of childhood depression]. PMID- 7025569 TI - Depressive disorders in children--a re-consideration. PMID- 7025570 TI - Childhood depression: the outcome. PMID- 7025571 TI - Rating scales to assess depression in school-aged children. PMID- 7025572 TI - Drug treatment of depression in children. PMID- 7025573 TI - Differences of the ventral and dorsal anlagen of pancreas after fusion. AB - The distribution of the ventral pancreas after fusion was considered as a dorsal portion of the head containing the area surrounding the intrapancreatic view and by the distribution of "irregularly shaped islets". These special islets were not uniform in shape and contained few A, B, and D cells and many argyrophil cells with Grimelius stain. In some cases the ventral pancreas was identified macroscopically from the dorsal one by the presence of the smaller and closely packed lobuli. As for the differences of both anlagen, we emphasized "the irregularly shaped islets" and scantier fat in the ventral pancreas. PMID- 7025574 TI - Molecular pathology of cancer cell adhesiveness. AB - A new cell surface-associated adhesive glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 70,000 was separated from differentiated rat ascites hepatoma cells forming cell islands in vivo (but not from undifferentiated rat ascites hepatoma cells present as single cells in vivo) and highly purified by chromatography; it was synthesized by the cells and localized on the cell surface. Its synthesis began to rise rapidly and reached its peak in 24 hr cultivation, i.e., a 10-fold increase. This substance induced not only aggregation but also adhesiveness of the cells characterized by junctional complexes including tight junctions, desmosomes, and intermediate junctions, closely resembling the frequency and distribution of junctional complexes observed on the above cell islands. Its potency was inhibited specifically by D-mannose and alpha-methyl-D-mannoside; the numbers of the binding sites per cell were calculated as 6 x 10(5). Its activity was concerned with the protein portion of the molecule, and not with the carbohydrate portion. Thus, it seemed reasonable that the adhesive glycoprotein may play a key role in the cell adhesiveness and island formation. In contrast, serum-associated adhesive glycoprotein, separated from normal rat serum, could aggregate the cells but not develop junctional complex. PMID- 7025575 TI - Detection of HBsAg in the pancreas. AB - Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has been reported to be present in other organs than the liver. 3,9 So far as our knowledge is concerned, however, any report of cases dealing with pancreatic diseased induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV) has not been described in the English and Japanese literature. We report an autopsy case with a pancreatic lesion characterized by damage of both exocrine and endocrine epithelial cells with inflammatory responses, which were immunohistochemically found to be positive for HBsAg, and electron microscopically to possess core-like particles in the nucleus and cytoplasm. PMID- 7025576 TI - Morphological changes induced by heterologous antibodies in the rat liver. AB - The dynamics of organ fixation of heterologous antibodies were studied with the immunofluorescent technique. This allowed to conclude to the presence of liver specific antibodies in the immune serum on the basis of the tissue fixation of antibodies. A perivascular round cell infiltration is characteristic of the liver damage induced by antibodies. Dilatation of the rough endoplasmic cisterns and a condensation of the matrix was revealed by electron microscopic pictures. It is concluded on the basis of the regressive phenomena and of the mesenchymal reactions that some importance can be attached to humoral immunity in immunopathological processes. PMID- 7025577 TI - Effects of suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) lesions on the circadian variations in PRA and IRI level in the rat. AB - PRA and IRI were determined at 8 a.m., 4 p.m. and midnight (MN) in SCN lesioned and intact rats. In control animals, PRA was highest at 4 p.m., while IRI showed higher values at 8 a.m. and MN. SCN lesions abolished circadian variations in both PRA and IRI, diminishing significantly PRA in comparison with intact rats. PMID- 7025578 TI - Effects of autonomic blockade by methylatropine and optical isomers and propranolol on plasma insulin levels in the basal state and after stimulation. AB - The effects of autonomic blockade on plasma concentrations of immunoreactive insulin in the basal state and after stimulation with 4 different secretagogues were investigated in vivo in conscious mice. The muscarinic blocker methylatropine slightly depressed basal insulin, and almost totally abolished the insulin response to the cholinergic agonist carbachol, whereas the insulin response to glucose and glucagon was unaffected. Contrary to these findings, the insulin response to the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist terbutaline was potentiated, by about 75%. The beta-adrenoceptor blocker L-propranolol depressed basal insulin by about 60%, and totally abolished the insulin responses to glucagon and terbutaline. The insulin response to glucose was slightly reduced and that to carbachol was unaffected by L-propranolol. The stereoisomer D-propranolol which is devoid of beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity but exerts local anaesthetic effect of the same potency as the Lpisomer, was without effect on basal insulin levels and the insulin responses to the different secretagogues. It is concluded that basal concentrations of immunoreactive insulin is substantially dependent on intact beta-adrenoceptors and more moderately dependent on intact muscarinic receptors. The insulin responses to terbutaline and glucagon are closely connected to beta-adrenoceptors, and the response to carbachol to the muscarinic receptors. Glucose-induced insulin response seems largely unaffected by autonomic receptor blockade although a slight reduction after beta-adrenoceptor blockade is demonstrable. PMID- 7025579 TI - Effects of age and prolonged running on proteolytic capacity in mouse cardiac and skeletal muscles. AB - Male NMRI-mice, aged 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, were made to run for a period of 4 4 at a speed of 13.5 m/min on a motor-driven treadmill, 5 days after exertion, selected enzymatic estimates of acid and alkaline proteolytic as well as energy metabolic capacities were analyzed from the cardiac muscle and from the red and white parts of m. quadriceps femoris (MQF). The activities of alkaline and myofibrillar proteases increased most considerably in skeletal muscles with age. Cathepsin D and beta-glucuronidase activities were less affected in both muscles. Prolonged running increased the activities of cathepsin D, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I and beta-glucuronidase in the white and, especially in the red part of MQF. This stimulation of acid hydrolytic capacity was more prominent at the ages of 3 and 6 months than in the older animals. The estimates of alkaline proteolytic or energy metabolic capacities were not affected by prolonged running. In cardiac muscle, no significant changes were recorded in acid hydrolytic or energy metabolic capacity. Histological observation showed no necrosis or other pathological phenomena in the proximal part of m. rectus femoris after excretion. We suggest that the increased acid proteolytic capacity is involved in subcellular regenerative processes of skeletal muscle fibres. The smaller lysosomal response of older mice may indicate a reduced potential capacity for cellular repair. PMID- 7025581 TI - [Auxiliary procedures in analytical psychotherapy. For a better result in a shorter time (author's transl)]. AB - The main task of the psychotherapist is to comprehend, through the preliminary communication of the patient and his associations, defensive and reactional effects leading to such attitudes as inhibition, resistance, regression... or compensation, perseverance, obstinacy or egocentrism, exaltation, revolt, negativism. Analytical psychotherapy asks for deeper insight prolonging therapeutic time, according to classical procedures. We present auxiliary procedures respecting analytical process to shorter therapeutic time and facilitating realisation of therapeutic aims, insight, abolition of resistance, negative defense, phobia and adaptation to reality in a responsive way. Freud inspired our task based on 24 new procedures described in our article. PMID- 7025580 TI - The hypothalamus: anatomy and functions. AB - The neuroanatomy of the human hypothalamus is reviewed with special interest focused on its neuroendocrine role. The magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei are the site of synthesis of the nonapeptides antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin and their carriers, the neurophysins. They are in close relation with the posterior lobe of the pituitary which contains their axonal neurosecretory endings. The parvocellular neurons are scattered around the third ventricle, from the preoptic area towards the infundibulum. They control the adenohypophysis by the releasing hormones for thyrotropin (TRH), luteinizing hormone (LHGR), growth hormone (GHRH) and the inhibiting factor for growth hormone (somatostatin or SRIF) and prolactin (PIH). The mapping of the various hypothalamic structures responsible for these syntheses is still a problem although it progresses thanks to new techniques of immunocytochemistry. Recent so called "hypothalamic" hormones like TRH and somatostatin for instance have been identified outside the hypothalamus. The posterior hypothalamus with other parts of the brain: the medial forebrain non myelinated bundle, in the lateral hypothalamus, connects the preoptic region to the midbrain. The stria terminalis connects the amygdala with the hypothalamus. Fibers of retinal origin terminate in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. PMID- 7025582 TI - Open-field behavior in rats with frontomedial cortical, neostriatal or hippocampal lesions. AB - The effects of lesions in four structures corresponding to the main components of dorsal prefrontal system of the monkey were studied in a total of 165 rats. In a homogeneous open-field apparatus, rats with frontomedial cortical (FM) or anteromedial neostriatal (NC) lesions showed more ambulations than their respective sham operated controls. Posteroventral (VH) and anterodorsal (DH) hippocampal damages did not affect ambulations. The introduction of a novel stimulus produced transient suppression of open-field activity in all lesioned and control groups. Exploratory responses to the stimulus, assessed by the number of direct contacts and the time spent near the stimulus, were fewer in rats with VH or DH lesions than in rats with FM or NC lesions, that in turn did not differ from controls in this respect. Fear, indicated by defecations during the entire open-field test and by prolonged activity suppression in response to the presence of the novel stimulus, was observed in FM or VH lesioned rats, but not in those subjects with NC or DH lesions. Functional interrelations among these structures are discussed relative to their participation in a common functional system. PMID- 7025583 TI - The amount of decrease of the background white noise intensity as a cue for differentiation training. AB - The course of differentiation learning, using the conditioned emotional response (CER) method, was investigated in two groups of 16 rats. The discriminative stimuli consisted of decreases in the 80 dB background white noise to either 70 dB or 60 dB. Differentiation learning was more efficient with the larger decrease of background noise intensity as the CS(+) and the smaller decrease as the CS(-) than vice versa. PMID- 7025584 TI - Effects of exercise on reflexes in paraplegic monkeys. AB - Eight monkeys, after complete spinal cord transection at the midthoracic level, were placed in a supine position and an exercise program was given to one hindlimb but not the other. Within 3 days, the exercised limb showed more muscle tone and more active cutaneous and proprioceptive reflexes. The difference increased progressively throughout the observation period of 11 to 36 days. These results suggest an important role of afferent influence on the recovery of spinal shock. The exercise program probably protects the neuromuscular apparatus from deterioration and thus maximize the recovery. PMID- 7025585 TI - Properties of visually sensitive neurons in lateral suprasylvian area of the cat. AB - Functional properties of neurons in lateral suprasylvian area were investigated by single unit recordings in unanesthetized cats with the brain stem pretrigeminal transection. Majority of cells in the lateral suprasylvian area responded vigorously to moving visual stimuli. Many of them were responsive only to the movement of black objects, without any reaction to the light stimuli, 78 percent of the observed neurons revealed direction selective properties, the remainder being direction nonselective. Seventy eight percent of neurons revealed well defined responses to stationary flashes of light and 26 percent showed multimodal type of responses to moving and stationary visual stimuli. The vertical organization of neurons in the lateral suprasylvian area was investigated. The present results indicate that a regular vertical organization of neurons exists in the lateral suprasylvian cortex of the cat. PMID- 7025586 TI - A new method for utilizing CT data in stereotactic surgery: measurement and transformation technique. AB - The proposed system is essentially based on the definition of a coordinate system, rigidly connected with the skull, by the introduction of three reference X-ray opaque points, secured into the bone of the skull. Target and reference points CT coordinates are given by the image display console. The three reference points are also identified on stereoradiographs, and their actual stereotactic coordinates are calculated by a geometrical approach which takes into account radiological distortion. A programmed computer links the target, identified on tomograms, to the three points system and calculates its stereotactic coordinates. PMID- 7025587 TI - Subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Timing of pathophysiological events and surgery. A survey. PMID- 7025588 TI - [Acute hypobaric hypoxia : physiopathology and study of means of protection]. PMID- 7025589 TI - [Peripheral dopaminergic receptors]. PMID- 7025590 TI - The tumor dormant state. PMID- 7025591 TI - Marker chromosome 14q + in human cancer and leukemia. PMID- 7025594 TI - Chemistry and biochemistry of D- and L-fucose. PMID- 7025593 TI - Karl Paul Gerhardt Link 1901-1978. PMID- 7025592 TI - Teratocarcinomas and other neoplasms as developmental defects in gene expression. PMID- 7025595 TI - Affinity chromatography of macromolecular substances on adsorbents bearing carbohydrate ligands. PMID- 7025596 TI - Ro 21-7634, a new antiallergic agent with potent oral activity. AB - Ro 21-7634 was examined for oral antiallergic activity in two in vivo models commonly used to evaluate antiallergics. In the rat PCA test, this drug had an oral ID50 of 1.14 mg/kg and was found to be more potent than several other antiallergics including Disodium Cromoglycate (cromoglycate), Oxatomide, Doxanthrazole, Xanoxate, 2,6-bis (ethyoxyoxalylamino) pyridine, PRD-92-EA and M + B 22,948. In contrast to cromoglycate, Ro 21-7634 was found to be an orally active inhibitor of antigen-induced broncho-constriction in passively sensitized rats (ID50 = 0.2 mg/kg). In addition, Ro 21-7634 inhibited antigen-induced histamine release in an in vivo passive peritoneal anaphylaxis test system, following intraperitoneal administration. Ro 21-7634 demonstrated no end organ antagonism toward histamine, metacholine or serotonin in the guinea pig. PMID- 7025597 TI - Neuhauser lecture. Reflux nephropathy: a personal historical review. AB - High pressure reflux may be a major cause of chronic renal failure both with and without associated urinary tract infection. The concept of reflux nephropathy includes not only the entity previously known as "chronic atrophic pyelonephritis," but other forms of renal disease such as the Ask-Upmark kidney, renal segmental hypoplasia, and the generalized changes that resemble those of obstructive nephropathy but which are secondary to reflux. Lobar and papillary anatomic variations play an important role in predisposing certain kidneys or parts of a kidney to damage from high pressure reflux, with or without infection. Prolonged high pressure sterile reflux can not only cause focal scarring in papillae susceptible to intrarenal reflux, but can cause the conversion of nonsusceptible papillae, so that scarring may then become generalized. The mechanisms of scar production induced by intrarenal reflux remain unclear, but mechanical immunologic, bacterial, and vascular factors are current subjects of investigation. There is mounting evidence that it is in infancy that a train of events starts which culminates in this renal damage and that much of this may be well under way quite early in childhood and remain clinically undetected until later in life, when the end results (i.e., hypertension and/or renal failure) become manifest. PMID- 7025598 TI - Diagnostic imaging of acute pancreatitis: prospective study using CT and sonography. AB - A prospective study using sonography and computed tomography (CT) was performed on 102 patients consecutively identified as having acute pancreatitis to see which method provided the most information. Each examination was graded for visualization of the pancreas, extent of disease, and the detection of complications. CT was found to be of significantly greater value than sonography due to the high percentage (38%) of nondiagnostic studies with the latter method. Of the 102 patients, 70% had abnormal CT studies, including 18% with extrapancreatic phlegmons, 10% with pseudocysts, 5% with acute hemorrhage, and 3% with pancreatic abscesses. PMID- 7025599 TI - Antiplatelet therapy. AB - Much new information has been gleaned about the morphology, biochemistry and function of platelets. The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and thromboembolic disorders appears to be related to abnormal platelet function. Endothelial damage, thromboxane A2, Thrombin, adenosine diphospate and epinephrine may each promote platelet aggregation, whereas prostacyclin impairs aggregation. Aspirin, sulfinpyrazone and dipyridamole have been used as antiplatelet agents, and specific indications are being developed to guide their selection. PMID- 7025600 TI - New approaches to an ancient disease: leprosy. PMID- 7025601 TI - Innovations in the VA. PMID- 7025602 TI - Observations in patients showing A-V junctional echoes with a shorter P-R than R P interval. AB - Single test stimulation of the ventricle revealed initiation of echoes with a supraventricular QRS complex with a shorter P-R than R-P interval in 28 of 300 patients consecutively studied with programmed electrical stimulation of the heart because of documented or suspected tachycardias. In all 28 the initiation of echoes was related to a discontinuity in the retrograde conduction curve. In 10 patients a different atrial activation sequence in the endocavitary leads was present before and after the discontinuity in the retrograde conduction curve. In five of these a sustained tachycardia with a shorter P-R than R-P interval could be initiated, and in all five patients an accessory pathway with a long conduction time as the retrograde arm of the tachycardia circuit could be demonstrated. In these five patients spontaneous initiation of tachycardia was observed during sinus rhythm or after atrial premature beats. Tachycardia accelerated after the administration of atropine. In the remaining 23 patients the initiation of echoes showing a shorter P-R than R-P interval was nonsustained. In these patients spontaneous initiation of such echoes during sinus rhythm or initiation by atrial premature beats was not observed, and echoes with this relation of the P-R and R-P intervals systematically disappeared after administration of atropine. It is postulated that in these patients a slow atrioventricular (A-V) nodal pathway is used in the retrograde direction during echoes showing a shorter P-R than R-P interval. Sustained A-V junctional tachycardia showing this relation between P-R and R-P intervals favors incorporation of an accessory pathway with slow retrograde conduction in the tachycardia circuit. PMID- 7025603 TI - Characterization of left ventricular mechanical function during arrhythmias with two dimensional echocardiography. I. Premature ventricular contractions. AB - Two dimensional echocardiography was applied experimentally in the closed chest dog to quantitate left ventricular function during and immediately after single premature ventricular contractions induced through threshold stimulation at the apex. Coupling intervals were varied over a range from 35 to 85 percent of the R R interval during normal sinus rhythm (920 to 980 ms). The quality of tomographic echocardiographic images during premature as well as postextrasystolic beats was found to be satisfactory for quantitating short axis section areas at end diastole and end-systole. A systolic fractional area change was computed from two dimensional echocardiographic measurements to characterize mid ventricular cardiac function, which correlated significantly with peak left ventricular pressure and maximal first derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt). Marked shortening of coupling intervals reduced fractional shortening during premature systole and enhanced the degree of potentiation during the postextrasystolic beat. By contrast, premature beats with relatively long coupling intervals caused less reduction in contraction and only minor postextrasystolic potentiation. Systolic shortening of left ventricular length as well as transverse diameters were studied in a two dimensional echocardiographic long axis cross section. During long coupling intervals contraction was normal except for distinct regional systolic outward "bulging" in the apical region. In contrast, short coupling intervals were associated with a more significant generalized derangement of ventricular wall motion during systole. It is concluded that the two dimensional echocardiographic method can be used to portray and quantitate global as well as regional left ventricular function during disturbances of cardiac rhythm. PMID- 7025604 TI - Effect of coronary bypass surgery on survival patterns in subsets of patients with left main coronary artery disease. Report of the Collaborative Study in Coronary Artery Surgery (CASS). AB - The 3 year cumulative survival rate of 1,492 patients with left main coronary artery disease (50 percent or greater stenosis of luminal diameter) enrolled in the Collaborative Study in Coronary Artery Surgery (CASS) was 91 percent for the surgical group and 69 percent for patients treated medically (p less than 0.0001). Mortality was significantly greater in patients with impaired left ventricular function. The difference between medical and surgical therapy was significant for patients who had normal, moderately abnormal and severely impaired left ventricular function and for patients with stenosis of the left main coronary artery of 50 to 59, 60 to 69, 70 to 79 and 80 percent or greater. Aortocoronary bypass surgery did not significantly improve survival in patient subgroups who had (1) a nonstenotic dominant right or balanced coronary circulation, (2) a stenotic dominant right coronary artery and normal left ventricular function, and (3) left main coronary stenosis of 50 to 59 percent and normal or mildly abnormal left ventricular function. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to select baseline variables that were independent predictors of long-time mortality. The model selected left ventricular score, age, congestive heart failure score, hypertension, percent left main coronary arterial stenosis and coronary arterial dominance as the baseline variables most predictive of long term survival. A clinical and angiographic prognostic risk index developed from these six baseline variables showed significantly improved survival for the surgical cohort in each of four risk categories. In the best and worst risk category, the 3 year survival rate was 97 and 82 percent, respectively, for the surgical group and 85 and 34 percent, respectively, for the medical group (p less than or equal to 0.0002). The data from this observational study show that coronary bypass surgery prolongs life in most patients with left main coronary artery disease, particularly those who have severe narrowing of the left main coronary artery or impaired left ventricular function. The results permit a better understanding of the natural history of left main coronary artery disease and permit a more accurate estimate of long-term survival for individual patients through the use of a clinical-angiographic risk index. PMID- 7025605 TI - One to one atrioventricular conduction during atrial pacing at rates of 300/minute in absence of Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome. AB - One to one atrioventricular (A-V) or atrio-His bundle (A-H) conduction occurred during right atrial pacing at rates of 300/min in two patients with short P-R (and A-H) intervals, narrow QRS complexes and recurrent supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Patient 1 had episodes of reciprocating A-V tachycardia and of atrial fibrillation with very fast rates (270 to 290/min) that were slowed to 100 to 135/min after administration of intravenous verapamil. Enhanced A-V (A-H) conduction was exposed only during stimulation from the high right atrium, but not from the low lateral right atrium or coronary sinus. Patient 2 had episodes of atrial flutter with 1:1 A-V conduction and rates of 290/min. The H-V interval was short (25 ms) during sinus rhythm and atrial pacing presumably because conduction occurred through an atrio-"distal" His bundle (atriofascicular) tract. In contrast, the H-V interval was normal (40 ms) in echo beats or when the "proximal" His bundle was stimulated. In these two patients, having as "common denominators" short P-R (and A-H) intervals, narrow QRS complexes and recurrent supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, enhanced A-V (A-H) conduction was (1) possible due to different electrogenetic mechanisms; (2) pacing-site dependent; (3) manifested, during atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, by extremely fast ventricular rates; and (4) unrelated to the rate of reciprocating A-V tachycardias because the latter was predominantly a function of anterograde conduction through the "slow" nodal pathway. PMID- 7025606 TI - Rapid alterations induced by insulin in hepatocyte ultrastructure and glycogen levels. AB - The speed with which insulin alters hepatocyte ultrastructure and glycogen levels in insulin-deficient rats has been studied. Insulin deficiency was induced with alloxan, followed by insulin treatment with regular and NPH insulin. Rats were killed at various times after the insulin injection, blood samples were obtained, plasma glucose levels were determined, and liver samples were prepared for electron microscopy and glycogen determinations. Plasma glucose levels in insulin deficient rats declined to normal values by 4 hours post insulin, returning to insulin-deficient levels by 8 hours post insulin. Hepatic glycogen was considerably reduced in the insulin-deficient rats. By 1 hour post insulin hepatic glycogen increased, reached maximal levels by 8 hours, then declined to insulin-deficient levels by 36 hours. The ultrastructural appearance of both centrilobular and periportal hepatocytes from insulin-deficient rats showed abundant vesicular smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), decreased rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and enlarged RER intracisternal spaces. One-half hour post insulin, centrilobular hepatocytes were unchanged. In periportal hepatocytes, however, vesicular SER was no longer visible, the RER intracisternal spaces appeared normal, and the amount of RER had increased. By 1 hour post insulin the centrilobular hepatocytes showed similar ultrastructural changes. These changes became more pronounced in the next few hours and remained through 24 hours. By 36 hours both centrilobular and periportal hepatocytes appeared similar to those in the insulin-deficient rat. These results demonstrate the rapid and lobular-specific effects insulin has on the hepatocyte. PMID- 7025607 TI - The effects of insulin-glucose on microappendages of the plasmalemma in the early chick embryo. AB - Chick embryos incubated for 18-24 hours (stages 4-6) were immersed for 3-5 minutes in Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution containing either insulin (10(-9) M) or D-glucose (10(-1) M) or a mixture of both. The ventral and dorsal surfaces of the entoderm and the ventral aspect of the mesoblast were examined in a scanning electron microscope. D-glucose alone or insulin alone produced negligible change. When combined these ingredients generated highly pleomorphic microappendages of the plasmalemma. The ventral surface of the entoderm was characterized by a large number of microvilli, both long and short. Concentrations of microvilli and blebs appeared in recesses at cell margins. Some of these represented mesoblastic protrusions through intercellular apertures in the entoderm. The dorsal entodermal surface developed stellate clusters of microvilli and blebs. The ventral aspect of the mesoblast became the most pleomorphic area of all. It possessed a variety of microappendages including large populations of microvilli and blebs that resembled the protrusions observed from the subblastodermic cavity. There were also stellate clusters similar to those on the dorsal entodermal surface. The same mesoblastic area in controls was virtually free of microappendages. The mesoblastic protrusions, occurring as they do prior to an established circulation, are interpreted as a "feeding" phenomenon. PMID- 7025608 TI - Identification of prolactin and growth hormone cells in the pars distalis of the California leaf-nosed bat, Macrotus californicus. AB - Prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) cells were immunostained in the anterior pituitary lobe of the California leaf-nosed bat with antisera against rat PRL and GH by the unlabeled immunoperoxidase technique. The PRL antiserum reacts with a cell that is carmoisinophilic and pleomorphic and occurs in small groups within the ventro-, dorsocentral, and posteriolateral regions of the pars distalis. The cells that stain with the anti-GH serum are orangeophilic, smaller than the PRL cells, and randomly scattered throughout the pars distalis, singly or in palisades near capillaries. Morphometric analysis of the immunoreactive PRL and GH cells revealed an inverse relationship between these two cell types. PMID- 7025609 TI - Pantothenic acid nutritional status in the elderly--institutionalized and noninstitutionalized. AB - Pantothenic acid nutritional status was evaluated in 37 men (32 noninstitutionalized and five institutionalized) and 54 women (33 noninstitutionalized and 21 institutionalized) 65 yr of age or older. A fasting blood sample, a 24-h urine specimen and a food consumption record for 1 wk were obtained from each subject. Hematological, anthropometric, and dietary parameters indicated these 91 subjects were similar to elderly populations evaluated in other studies. Pantothenic acid was analyzed by both radioimmunoassay and microbiological assay. By combining methods it was possible to differentiate various forms and derivatives of pantothenic acid. Free pantothenic acid, but not the phosphoderivatives, was observed in urine. Microbiological and radioimmunoassay estimations of pantothenic acid showed good correlation (r = 0.91). Pantothenic acid excretion in the institutionalized subjects (7.5 +/- 1.3 (x +/- SEM) mg/g creatinine) was comparable to the excretion levels in the noninstitutionalized subjects (5.9 +/- 0.6 mg/g creatinine). Those consuming pantothenic acid supplements had significantly higher excretion levels. Blood pantothenic acid values between the groups, noninstitutionalized (537 +/- 27.4 ng/ml) and institutionalized (615 +/- 47.3 ng/ml), were comparable. The average dietary intake of pantothenic acid for the elderly population studied was 5.9 +/- 0.1 mg/day with the institutionalized and noninstitutionalized subjects having a similar intake of 2.9 mg/1000 kcal. Institutionalized elderly males and females were consuming 2237 and 1962 kcal, respectively, while their noninstitutionalized counterparts were consuming 2201 and 1887 kcal. PMID- 7025610 TI - Vitamin C prophylaxis for posttransfusion hepatitis. PMID- 7025611 TI - Skin window immune response to normal human IgG in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. AB - The skin window technic was utilized to determine the reactivity of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) to human IgG (H-IgG). The response to H-IgG was compared in nine patients with RA, 20 patients with APSGN, and 10 normal individuals. All subjects were tested concomitantly with the saline solution used as solvent for H-IgG. The normal controls and five patients were challenged, in addition, with diphtheria-tetanus pertussis antigen (DPT) to which they had previous prophylactic exposure. The following results were obtained: 1) Four patients with RA and nine patients with APSGN responded with increased lymphocyte migration (more than 2 SD above the normal mean level) at nine and 12 hours. 2) The mean estimated immunogenic lymphocytosis (calculated subtracting the lymphocyte counts of the saline skin windows) of both patient groups was significantly higher than that of controls at the same time intervals. 3) The response of normal individuals and patients to DPT was comparable in time of appearance and intensity to the response of patients to H-IgG. Our studies that patients with RA and APSGN respond to H-IgG in a manner comparable to that observed with a known antigenic stimulus and support a clinical role for antiglobulin reactivity. PMID- 7025612 TI - Current status of rubella testing: a report based on data from the College of American Pathologists' surveys, 1978-1980. AB - Data from national survey programs were used to define selected attributes of popular rubella methods. Of those participating in the College of American Pathologists' survey, 47% used passive hemagglutination (PHA); 45% used hemagglutination-inhibition (HI), 7% used indirect immunofluorescence, and less than 1% used enzyme immunosorbent assays for rubella testing. Enzyme assays were not evaluated. The other methods had sensitivities and specificities exceeding 94% and 88%, respectively. The predictive value of a negative test was used to identify differences among the various methods. The HI tests using human O cells had a 90-95% prediction rate for a true-negative result. Indirect immunofluorescence, PHA, and HI using kaolin had the lowest predictive values (68 72%) values for other methods were intermediate. Levels of reactivity also differed. The HI methods using human O cells yielded higher titers than did the reference method (1- to 3-day-old chick/heparin MnCl2), while the titers for HI methods using kaolin tended to be lower. PMID- 7025613 TI - The child with spina bifida. Role of the pediatrician. AB - Pediatricians commonly have patients with multiple physical and/or mental handicaps. Though many such children receive care at a multispecialty center, the role of the pediatrician is an important one, not only in providing primary care but also in helping to manage ongoing care of a multisystem disorder. Spina bifida is one such disorder, and children with this condition have many medical needs (pediatric, neurosurgical, orthopedic, urologic, gastrointestinal), as well as potential educational, emotional, and psychosocial problems. The pediatrician can effectively promote optimal interaction between patient, family, and community. PMID- 7025614 TI - Barbiturate-induced coma to protect against cerebral ischemia and increased intracranial pressure. AB - The use of barbiturates to induce coma as a means of extending the period of reversible cerebral ischemia is reviewed. Barbiturate use in patients who had had strokes or were undergoing aneurysm surgery was initially encouraging. In uncontrolled feasibility trials in patients with cardiopulmonary arrest or in deep coma, 40 patients received 10 mg/kg thiopental sodium by i.v. push followed by 20 mg/kg thiopental sodium i.v. over the next 30 minutes; 60% of these patients regained consciousness. In a subgroup of 22 patients who had ischemia normally associated with a 90% mortality rate, 14 recovered completely. In the largest clinical trial, 45 patients with severe head injury and elevated intracranial pressure received 3--5 mg/kg pentobarbital over 10--20 minutes. A serum barbiturate level of 2.5--4.0 mg/dl was maintained for 14 days, and 30% of these patients recovered but with neurologic deficits. Other results in stroke and drowning victims were not as encouraging. It is concluded that barbiturate therapy is beneficial in the lowering of intracranial pressure. Focal and global cerebral ischemia have been shown amenable to barbiturate therapy in isolated cases. The prophylactic use of barbiturates in surgical procedures requiring focal cerebral anoxia appears to be beneficial. Controlled trials of the use of barbiturate-induced coma are clearly indicated. PMID- 7025615 TI - Evaluation of zomepirac sodium. AB - The chemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, physical dependence and tolerance, drug interactions, dosing, and cost of zomepirac sodium (Zomax, McNeil) are reviewed. Zomepirac is a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA) approved for the treatment of mild to moderately severe pain. The drug is well absorbed when given orally. It undergoes extensive biotransformation in the liver. Zomepirac shares the pharmacology of the other NSAIAs by decreasing prostaglandin synthesis. The efficacy of zomepirac has been demonstrated primarily in acute forms of pain with associated inflammatory processes including postdental-extraction, postpartum, and postoperative pain. Many of these studies have been single-dose evaluations. Zomepirac sodium 100 mg has been reported to be approximately equivalent to one to two tablets of aspirin phenacetin-caffeine (APC) with codeine 30 mg. In two studies, zomepirac sodium 100 mg compared favorably with morphine sulfate 8 and 16 mg i.m. It has been shown to be superior to aspirin 650 mg in oral-surgery patients. In osteoarthritis, daily doses of zomepirac sodium 400-600 mg are approximately equivalent to aspirin 3200-4800 mg. Zomepirac has side effects similar to high dose aspirin. Zomepirac is associated with an increased incidence of urogenital symptoms such as dysuria and pyuria. Because of tumorigenicity in rats, the drug is contraindicated in children, pregnant women, and nursing mothers. The drug has not demonstrated any potential for physical dependence, withdrawal, or tolerance. Zomepirac may provide a suitable alternative to aspirin, narcotic/NSAIA combinations, and narcotics in the treatment of mild to moderately severe pain. It is unlikely that zomepirac will replace narcotics in more severe types of pain. PMID- 7025616 TI - Stability of methylprednisolone sodium succinate in small volumes of 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride injections. AB - The stability of methylprednisolone sodium succinate in small volumes of 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride injections was studied. Vials of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (125-3000 mg) were reconstituted and added to 50- and 100-ml volumes of the two diluents. These piggyback solutions were visually inspected for the development of haze over a 24-hour period. A nephelometer was used to quantitate the development of turbidity with time. The effect of pH on haze formation was investigated, and infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the haze. Nephelometer readings were found to correlate well with visual inspections. The haze was identified as being formed by the precipitation of free methylprednisolone. The rate of change of turbidity was directly related to the pH. A 1.4-3.2 percentage-point increase in the free methylprednisolone concentration secondary to hydrolysis over the 24-hour period was noted. The duration of stability was variable among the investigated lots and concentrations. Nineteen of the 24 admixtures stored at room temperature remained stable and free of visible haze for at least 12 hours after preparation. For all dosage strengths of methylprednisolone sodium succinate studied, these data indicate that solutions can be made stable for at least 12 hours by selecting the appropriate volume of diluent. PMID- 7025617 TI - Self-care habits and disease-state understanding of diabetic patients. AB - Diabetic patients who had never participated in a formal diabetes education program were surveyed to assess their self-care patterns and knowledge of diabetes. A sample of 142 men was selected from the diabetes clinic of a VA hospital. Patients were interviewed, a questionnaire was given to the insulin dependent patients, and medical records were reviewed to determine concurrent use of antidiabetic medications and other drugs. The majority of patients (91%) were aware of the effects of alcohol, glucose rich foods, and lack of medication on diabetic control. However, 42% of the patients were aware of the effects of excessive exercise, and only 52% were aware of the effects of omitting meals. The most frequently cited problems involved factors of dietary control such as the use of food measurements, exchange lists, and caloric allotments. Patient knowledge of urine testing techniques was greater than knowledge of other areas. Only 24% of the patients knew the symptoms of hyperglycemia. The importance of foot care was understood by 44% of the patients, but only 13% knew how to remove corns and calluses correctly. The results of the supplemental questionnaire showed that the lowest levels of knowledge concerned insulin measurement and conversions. The appropriate aseptic procedures were known by the majority of the patients, and the time of insulin administration was understood by 97%. Medical records revealed that 23 patients were taking thiazides concurrently with their antidiabetic medication. An inverse relationship was found between age and knowledge scores, and a direct relationship was found between educational level and knowledge scores. These results should be useful in developing educational programs for diabetic patients. PMID- 7025618 TI - Platelets and atherosclerosis. PMID- 7025619 TI - Peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with LeVeen shunts. AB - Six cirrhotic patients are described in whom peritonitis developed from 10 days to 15 months after the insertion of a LeVeen shunt. The presenting clinical features of fever, increasing ascites and deterioration in mental status resembled these previously reported for cirrhotic patients but with spontaneous peritonitis without shunts. Important differences were observed, however, in microbiology, incidence of bacteremia and therapy. Staphylococcus aureus, a rare cause of spontaneous peritonitis, was found in one half of our cases, suggesting that perioperative contamination during shunt placement was an important etiologic factor. All six had concomitant bacteremia which may be attributable to the direct peritoneal-venous connection. Appropriate systemic antimicrobial therapy without shunt removal failed to eradicate the infection irrespective of the patency of the shunt or absence of inflammation at the sites of insertion. Recommended treatment for suspected peritonitis in patients with shunts is systemic antimicrobial therapy with an agent active against staphylococci plus an aminoglycoside, followed by removal of the shunt if the diagnosis is confirmed. PMID- 7025620 TI - The etiology of anorectal infections in homosexual men. AB - The infectious etiology of symptomatic anorectal disease was studied in 52 homosexual men who did not have gonococci on initial Gram stain of anorectal exudate. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) was isolated from the anal canal or rectum in 15 of the 52 (29 percent) men and characteristically caused severe anorectal pain and focal ulcerations visible on sigmoidoscopy. Despite negative initial Gram stains, seven men (14 percent) had anorectal gonococcal infection. Six (12 percent) had syphilis, including two with dark-field positive anal lesions. Four were infected with enteric pathogens, including Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica or Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni. Chlamydia trachomatis (LGV 2 strain) was isolated from one patient with severe granulomatous proctitis. One or more etiologic pathogens were identified in 28 (67 percent) of 42 men who had anorectal leukocytic exudate and in two of 10 who did not (p = 0.01). A review of the prominent features of different etiologic forms of anorectal infection in homosexuals is presented. PMID- 7025621 TI - Cardiovascular reflexes during long-term converting enzyme inhibition and sodium depletion. The response to tilt in hypertensive patients. AB - The reflex hemodynamic and humoral response to postural change during long-term renin-angiotensin blockade (captopril) was assessed in sodium-depleted hypertensive patients. Orthostatic hypotension was not observed with head-up tilt or repeated pressure recordings. During tilt, a reflex increase of heart rate occurred (76 +/- 2 to 98 +/- 4 bpm, p less than 0.001). Home recordings demonstrated only minor changes in blood pressure with standing. To evaluate these observations, hemodynamic studies were performed during tilt at three stages of therapy: control, administration of captopril, and administration of captopril plus diuretic. With tilt, no orthostatic hypotension was noted at all three stages of therapy, despite similar peripheral pooling (-22 percent cardiac index). Maintenance of blood pressure was due to reflex increase of heart rate (44, 45 and 38 percent) and systemic resistance (34, 38 and 37 percent). The response to tilt of plasma renin activity was modified by drug therapy, but not completely blocked. This study indicated that long-term converting enzyme inhibition and sodium depletion were safe and did not appreciably blunt the cardiovascular reflexes responsible for prevention of orthostatic hypotension. PMID- 7025622 TI - Changes in plasma potassium concentration during acute acid-base disturbances. PMID- 7025623 TI - Mycobacterium fortuitum pulmonary infection associated with an antigen-selective defect in cellular immunity. AB - In this study we describe the first example of a well documented case of pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum shown to be associated with an antigen-selective defect in cell-mediated immunity to this organism. Immunologic parameters were evaluated before, during and after antibiotic treatment with amikacin. A defect in cellular immunity to purified protein derivative from Myco. fortuitum, shown to be antigen-selective as indicated by normal responsiveness to purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and several other common recall antigens, accompanied the prolonged infection by this organism. During the first three months of treatment with amikacin, the patient's clinical status improved coincident with the eradication of the organism from the sputum. During the next three months of therapy with amikacin, however, a generalized defect in cellular immunity developed, and the lung disease again progressed. The deteriorating clinical condition was presumably related to a generalized cellular immune anergy or hyporesponsiveness induced by the amikacin therapy. After three more months of treatment, the organism became resistant to the drug and reappeared in sputum cultures. Since amikacin therapy was discontinued, the patient's general immune responsiveness returned to normal. He did, however, remain unresponsive to purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium fortuitum. PMID- 7025624 TI - Correction of hypokalemia by magnesium repletion in familial hypokalemic alkalosis with tubulopathy. AB - The effect of magnesium treatment on serum potassium and potassium balance was examined in three siblings with a recently described syndrome of hypokalemic alkalosis with renal tubulopathy. Oral magnesium supplementation for 11 days in the three siblings increased mean serum potassium from 2.7 +/- 0.1 meq/liter to 3.3 +/- 0.2 meq/liter (p less than 0.05). In addition, urinary and fecal potassium excretion decreased by about 11 meq/day. Magnesium chloride did not affect plasma renin activity while the patients were supine or upright. In contrast, mean supine plasma aldosterone concentration increased from 5.3 +/- 1.5 ng/dl to 13.2 +/- 4.1 ng/dl (p greater than 0.1) and mean upright plasma aldosterone concentration increased from 17.4 +/- 3.8 ng/dl to 66.1 +/- 7.3 ng/dl (p less than 0.01). These findings suggest that hypokalemia and potassium loss in this disorder may be caused by abnormal magnesium metabolism. The increase in plasma aldosterone concentration may have been caused by the positive potassium balance or a direct effect of magnesium on aldosterone secretion from the adrenal gland. PMID- 7025625 TI - Nifedipine and propranolol: a beneficial drug interaction. AB - The antianginal effects of two active drugs, nifedipine and propranolol, alone in combination, were compared with those of placebo in a double-blind clinical trial that included 16 patients with chronic stable angina triggered by exertion. A low dose and a high dose of the active drugs were used (nifedipine, 30 and 60 mg/day; propranolol, 240 and 280 mg/day). Precordial exercise mapping and continuous electrocardiographic recordings were used to assess objective response to therapy, and the patients were asked to keep a diary of episodes of chest pain and consumption of nitroglycerin tablets for subjective appraisal. Both frequency of chest pain and nitroglycerin consumption were significantly reduced by each of the active drugs when compared with placebo, and the combination of nifedipine and propranolol added significantly to the effectiveness. Reductions in area of ischemia and number of episodes of ST segment depression on 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring corroborated the efficacy of each active treatment with respect to placebo. Nearly 60 percent of all episodes of ST segment depression were painless and responded to the active treatment in the same manner as did the episodes associated with chest pain. Side effects were mild and all treatments were well tolerated. The objective methods used allowed for clear-cut differentiation of treatment effects with the various regimens. Although the two drugs alone were significantly more effective than placebo, their combination provided an even greater improvement (p less than 0.005), and therefore it appears to be a safe and effective form of treatment for chronic stable angina. PMID- 7025627 TI - Peripheral destruction of platelets in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: recognition, prognosis and therapeutic implications. AB - In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and depressed platelet counts, it is important to discriminate between the thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow replacement with abnormal lymphocytes and that caused by increased peripheral destruction of platelets. The former is due to progressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia and, as a Rai Stage IV, carries a poor prognosis. The latter, as illustrated in four patients seen at the National Cancer Institute, may be remediable by either splenectomy alone or splenectomy followed by immunosuppressive and antitumor therapy. In all four patients, survival was substantially longer than for patients whose condition was classified as Rai Stage IV. The importance of identifying the subgroup of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with reversible thrombocytopenia is emphasized by these examples. PMID- 7025626 TI - Cancer and the kidney: complications of neoplasms. AB - Various renal complications occur during the course of neoplastic disease. The therapeutic and prognostic implications differ according to the reversibility of both the underlying malignancy and the superimposed complications in the kidney. Since the mechanisms of renal failure vary significantly in patients with different types of malignancy, it is essential to avoid generalizations about etiologic factors or likely outcomes of the disease processes. The pathophysiologic abnormalities should be determined in each patient, and the reversibility of both the neoplastic and problems assessed before therapeutic decisions are made. This often requires a team effort by the internist, oncologist, nephrologist, urologist and, most importantly, the patient. PMID- 7025628 TI - Lipid measurements for coronary risk assessment: a review. AB - Epidemiological studies have found that high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol values and low density lipoprotein cholesterol values consistently correlate with coronary heart disease. In this report, the biochemical mechanisms by which HDL may help prevent cardiovascular disease are discussed along with the relationship of HDL to other lipoproteins. The demographic factors which alter the HDL cholesterol level are identified and possible clinical implications are considered. Laboratory methods for measuring total cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoproteins and components of lipoproteins are summarized. The current role and future implications of these laboratory procedures in the assessment of coronary heart disease risk are also discussed. PMID- 7025629 TI - Erythrocyte shape transformation associated with calcium accumulation. AB - Calcium accumulation in erythrocytes leads to a disco-spheroechinocyte shape transformation with a loss of cellular deformability resulting in a decreased lifespan in the peripheral circulation. This review discusses the role of calcium in the morphologic alteration of erythrocytes which appears to involve modifications of the inner membrane cytoskeletal proteins that regulate cell shape and membrane deformability. It is hypothesized that calcium interacts with the cytoskeletal proteins to alter their physical state or spatial arrangement such that there is a contractile response of the internal lipid bilayer which causes the echinocytic shape. PMID- 7025630 TI - Laboratory alert: clues to the identification of dermatophytes as the etiologic agents of subcutaneous abscesses. AB - Trichophyton mentagrophytes was isolated on blood agar and in thioglycollate broth after prolonged incubations of four and seven days, respectively, of a routine bacterial culture taken from a subcutaneous abscess on the inner thigh of a 24 year old woman. The lesions had been present on both thighs for six months before correct diagnosis and treatment. Attention is called to the importance of clinical history to the alert microbiologist in determining the correct diagnosis of such lesions when the original bacterial culture reveals no growth after 48 hours. PMID- 7025631 TI - Filariasis: a case history. AB - Although hematology technologists performing differentials are expected to maintain a constant alertness for any abnormalities, the recent influx of refugees from parts of the world where blood parasites may be found predicates that particular attention be paid to the possibility of unusual findings. This is illustrated by the detection of microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti during the performance of a routine CBC on a 35 year old Black female who had delivered a viable female child. PMID- 7025632 TI - Phenotype associated with ring 10 chromosome: report of patient and review of literature. AB - A 15-month-old infant's peripheral blood chromosome analysis showed the following defects: 46,XY,r(10)(p15.3q26.1) in 84 cells, 45,XY,-r(10) in 13 cells, and 47,XY,r(10),+r(10) in one cell. Clinical abnormalities included growth retardation, microcephaly, prominent nasal bridge, macular hypoplasia, persistent pulmonary hypertension, and posterior urethral valves with hydronephrosis. Comparison of the phenotype of five other patients with a ring chromosome 10 with the present case showed the following common manifestations: growth retardation, microcephaly, undescended testes, hydronephrosis, and, in males, posterior urethral valves. To date, this last anomaly has not been seen in patients with either a del(10p) or a del(10q) abnormality. PMID- 7025633 TI - Upper GI hemorrhage: emergency evaluation and management. PMID- 7025634 TI - Mrs. Chase: a noble and enduring figure. PMID- 7025635 TI - Organ transplantation series: corneal transplant. PMID- 7025636 TI - Premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, and group B streptococcal colonization of mothers. AB - In a prospective study of colonization with group B streptococci (GBS) among 6,706 parturients, we found statistically increased incidences of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and preterm delivery at less than 32 weeks' gestation among women colonized with GBS. PROM occurred in 8.1% of the total population but in 15.3% of the colonized population (p less than 0.005). Preterm delivery at less than 32 weeks' gestation occurred in 1.8% of the total population but among 5.4% of women colonized with GBS (p less than 0.005). The data suggest a causal relationship between GBS colonization and events leading to preterm birth. The possible impact of eradication of colonization with GBS on prematurity is considered. PMID- 7025637 TI - Endocrine pancreas in intrauterine growth retardation. PMID- 7025638 TI - Effect of antenatal dexamethasone administration on the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome. AB - A double-blind, collaborative, randomized trial was initiated in 1976 to evaluate dexamethasone administered to mothers as a method of preventing neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Five centers enrolled 696 women at risk for premature delivery. Up to 20 mg of dexamethasone phosphate (5 mg every 12 hours) or a placebo was administered intramuscularly. The overall incidence of RDS was different between control subjects (18.0%) and steroid-treating mothers (12.6%) (P less than 0.05). The effect was, however, mainly attributable to discernible differences among singleton female infants (P less than 0.001), whereas no treatment effect was observed in male infants (P = 0.96). Non-Caucasians were improved whereas Caucasians showed little benefit. Fetal and neonatal mortality and maternal postpartum infection rates were not different. Neurologic examination at 40 weeks' gestation demonstrated no significant difference in the rate of abnormal outcomes in the neonatal steroid group (P = 0.2). PMID- 7025639 TI - A randomized prospective study of the use-effectiveness of two methods of natural family planning. AB - The final results of a prospective comparative study of two methods of natural family planning indicate a significant difference in the 12 month net cumulative pregnancy rates between the ovulation and symptothermal methods. These differences are on the order of two to one in favor of the symptothermal method. Pearl pregnancy rates confirm similar differentials between the two methods. Dropout rates for both methods were high. Lack of interest or dissatisfaction with the method was the major reason for dropout training while pregnancy or desire for pregnancy were the major reasons for dropout during the formal phase of the study. PMID- 7025640 TI - Danazol: endocrine pharmacology and therapeutic applications. AB - The options for the medical management of endometriosis have been expanded by the introduction of the synthetic steroid, danazol. The results of large clinical studies suggest that danazol treatment produces significant improvement in the symptoms, signs, and laparoscopic findings of endometriosis. The original studies of the pharmacology of danazol concluded that danazol was a strong antigonadotrophin with mild androgenic effects and no other hormonal properties. Recent studies which emphasize the molecular pharmacology of danazol suggest that this steroid has direct effects on hypothalamic-pituitary function, multiple classes of steroid receptors, gonadal steroidogenesis, and endogenous steroid metabolism. These studies demonstrate that: (1) danazol prevents the midcycle surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); (2) danazol does not significantly suppress basal LH or FSH in gonadally intact human beings; (3) in castrated animals danazol can prevent the compensatory increase in LH and FSH; (4) danazol binds to androgen, progesterone, and glucocorticoid receptors; (5) danazol does not bind to estrogen receptors; (6) danazol binds to sex hormone-binding globulin and corticosteroid-binding globulin; (7) danazol inhibits multiple enzymes of steroidogenesis; (8) danazol increases the metabolic clearance rate of progesterone; and (9) metabolites of danazol are hormonally active. Given the complex pharmacology of danazol it is inappropriate to continue to refer to danazol as a "selective antigonadotrophin."U PMID- 7025641 TI - Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lectureship--1981. Occupational therapy revisited: a paraphrastic journey. AB - Occupational Therapy's roots are in the subsoil of the moral movement developed in Europe during the Age of Enlightenment. Philippe Pinel, a French philosopher physician, and William Tuke, an English merchant-philanthropist, developed the principles and applied them to the insane in institutions. Moral treatment came to the United States as part of the Quaker's religious and intellectual luggage. It expanded rapidly in private, as well as in public, institutions for the insane. During the last quarter of the 19th century moral treatment disappeared. It re-emerged in the early decades of the 20th century as Occupational Therapy. A diverse group of women and men developed principles and definitions and founded an organization to support the practice of the re-titled moral treatment and management. Susan Tracy, a nurse; George Barton, an architect; William Rush Dunton, Jr., a physician; Eleanor Clarke Slagle, a partially trained social worker also trained in invalid occupations; and Adolf Meyer, another physician, figure prominently in the development of this century's Occupational Therapy. A second generation of occupational therapists elaborated upon, codified, and applied the founders' principles. Their efforts through one individual: Beatrice D. Wade, OTR, FAOTA. Lessons from 200 years of development of moral treatment and occupational therapy are cited. PMID- 7025642 TI - The effects of auditorally augmented feedback on the eye-hand coordination of students with cerebral palsy. AB - To explore the question of whether auditorally augmented feedback can improve the eye-hand coordination of individuals with cerebral palsy, 59 (cerebral-palsied) students (mean chronological age 14 years, 3 months) were pretested with the Southern California Motor Accuracy Test and then randomly assigned to three groups. Group 1 performed training exercises-tracing line drawings-while simultaneously receiving auditorally augmented feedback about their efforts. Group 2 performed the same training exercises without the augmented feedback. Group 3 served as controls. All subjects were post-tested with the Southern California Motor Accuracy Test, followed by a second post-test after a 3-month interval. At the first post-test, the performance of the feedback group was significantly superior to that of the other groups. At the second post-test, the performance patterns among the groups were essentially the same as the time of the first post-test, but between-group differences were no longer significant. The results of this study are discussed in both empirical and theoretical terms. PMID- 7025643 TI - The role of occupational therapy in vocational evaluation, part 1. PMID- 7025644 TI - From kinesiology to adaptation. PMID- 7025645 TI - Hydrophilic lens inspection with phase contrast microscopy. PMID- 7025646 TI - Brock's research in stereopsis. AB - While Frederick Brock's contributions to vision training are numerous, little of his work dealt specifically with stereopsis, mostly concentrating on its application to diagnosis and therapy of binocular dysfunction. He did demonstrate, qualitatively, how differences in the size or clarity of retinal images affect stereopsis. The theoretical basis of his work, as well as his published and unpublished contributions, are reviewed in the context of the author's personal experience with this singular person. PMID- 7025647 TI - Perspectives on the contributions of Frederick Brock. PMID- 7025648 TI - Mutagenic potential of orthodontic bonding materials. PMID- 7025649 TI - Conductive hearing loss and rapid maxillary expansion. Report of a case. PMID- 7025650 TI - Giant cell lesions of the temporal bone. AB - Giant cell lesions are rare in the temporal bone. A review of world literature reveals twenty-three reported cases. Histopathologic differentiation has been difficult in the past; several tumors of bone which are characterized by multinucleated giant cells have been grouped together under the term "giant cell tumor." In the temporal bone, true giant cell tumor of bone, osteoclastoma, should be differentiated from the less aggressive reparative granuloma. The clinical course of these two lesions can be greatly different. Two additional cases of giant cell reparative granuloma are added to the literature. In addition, a tabulation is presented of signs, symptoms, treatment, and follow-up in the cases reported in the literature. Surgical excision is recommended when possible. PMID- 7025651 TI - Cochlear implants: an overview and bibliography. PMID- 7025652 TI - Otosclerosis. AB - The following is an English translation of an article written by Adam Politzer in 1913. Otologists of that day, concerned with the more urgent and widespread problems of ear infections and their often-fatal consequences, devoted little time to the study of otosclerosis; many dismissed it as yet another post infectious complication of the mucosa or periosteum of the middle ear. Politzer, using the preeminent research tool of the New Vienna School, the autopsy, was the first to establish our current view that otosclerosis is a primary disease of the labyrinthine capsule. The section on clinical diagnosis is valid and useful today. Except for the use of iodine, believed to slow the spread of the illness, Politzer considered all medical and surgical treatment employed at that time, including the primitive stapedectomy, to be futile. PMID- 7025653 TI - Stapes surgery in the nineteenth century. PMID- 7025654 TI - Uptake and asymmetric efflux of amino acids at maternal and fetal sides of placenta. AB - Unidirectional uptake of eighteen amino acids into the syncytiotrophoblast was measured from both the maternal and fetal circulations of isolated dually perfused guinea pig placentas using a single-circulation, paired-tracer dilution technique. A bolus containing a tritiated amino acid and L-[14C]glucose (extracellular marker) was injected intra-arterially into one circulation, and both venous outflows were sequentially sampled. The maximal cellular uptake (Umax) on the injection side was determined from (1-[3H]/[14C]) values and used to calculate the unidirectional influx. Umax values for neutral and basic amino acids ranged between 15 and 58% and were similar on both sides of the trophoblast. Uptake of the acidic amino acids and taurine was minimal. Amino acid influx from either circulation was followed by rapid tracer backflux and transplacental transfer. Tracer efflux was asymmetric and preferentially directed towards the fetal side. It is suggested that amino acid transport systems are present on both surfaces of the placenta and that net transfer from mother to fetus is the result of asymmetric efflux from the trophoblast. PMID- 7025655 TI - Insulin does not hyperpolarize rat muscle by means of a ouabain-inhibitable process. AB - Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that insulin-induced hyperpolarization of rat skeletal muscle is mediated by stimulation of a ouabain inhibitable electrogenic pump. Parallel experiments were carried out on rat caudofemoralis with isoproterenol, known to hyperpolarize rat skeletal muscle by stimulation of such a pump. Ouabain (10(-5) M) completely inhibited isoproterenol induced hyperpolarization within 15 min but had no effect on half-maximal insulin induced hyperpolarization. Ouabain (10(-6) M) inhibited isoproterenol effect by 60% during a period of 5-15 min. Ouabain (10(-4) M) had no effect on insulin induced hyperpolarization within 10 min but depolarized during the next 10 min. In a separate series of studies in rat extensor digitorum longus muscle, 10(-5) M ouabain increased intracellular Na+ within 14 min. It is concluded that in rat caudofemoralis muscle, insulin-induced hyperpolarization is not mediated by a ouabain-inhibitable electrogenic pump. PMID- 7025656 TI - Characteristics of bovine parathyroid hormone extraction by dog liver in vivo. AB - The metabolic fate of various 125I-labeled preparations of bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH) during a single passage through the liver was studied in anesthetized dogs. Each 125I-bPTH preparation was injected in the portal vein with 131I-albumin and 99mTc-erythrocytes, two reference indicators. A dilution curve was obtained for each indicator by counting the radioactivity present in tubes collected by hepatic vein sampling. Hepatic blood flow (HBF) and fractional hepatic extraction (FHE) were calculated from these curves. Extraction results were further validated by comparing the gel chromotography profile of the 125I injected and of the 125I recovered. The FHE of 125I after an injection of 125I bPTH-(1--84) was 32.75 +/- 9.39% (mean +/- SD; n = 23) for a mean HBF of 48.18 +/ 11.83 ml . kg-1 . min-1. The FHE was independent of the dose of hormone injected (0.34-812 ng) but was inversely related to the HBF (r = -0.6768, P less than 0.001). 125I was not extracted after an injection of 125I-bPTH-(1--34) ( n = 8) or of 125I-bPTH-(34/43--84) (n = 5). On the other hand, after an injection of 125I-bPTH-(28--48), 18.7 +/- 5.5% (n = 8) of the 125I was extracted for an HBF of 47.3 +/- 17.0 ml . kg-1 . min-1. Analysis of the gel chromotography profiles further disclosed that 7.6 +/- 4.2% of the 125I-bPTH-(1--84) injected was transformed into carboxyl terminal fragments; 13.1 +/- 2.6% of the 125I-bPTH-(28- 48) and 20.9 +/- 4.9% of the 125I-bPTH-(1--34) injected were also cleaved into smaller molecular weight products. We conclude that the integrity of the sequence 28--48 is important for the FHE of 125I-bPTH-(1--84). Although nonsaturable, this process is inversely related to the HBF. Liver inactivation of intact PTH or of its fragments also proceeds through rapid cleavage into smaller molecular weight products. PMID- 7025657 TI - Insulin binding, internalization, and receptor regulation in cultured human fibroblasts. AB - Insulin binding to receptors was studied using monolayers of cultured normal human fibroblasts. Binding was rapid and inversely related to the incubation temperature; prolonged periods of steady-state binding were achieved at all temperatures studied and the amount of degradation of extracellular insulin was minimal. Competition curves demonstrated half-maximal inhibition of 125I-insulin binding at an unlabeled insulin concentration of 125I-insulin binding at an unlabeled insulin concentration of 7 ng/ml. Scatchard plots of the binding data were curvilinear and revealed that fibroblasts contained about 7,000 receptor sites per cell. Bound 125I-insulin dissociated from fibroblasts with a t 1/2 of 10 min at 30 degrees C and 35 min at 16 degrees C. After 60 min dissociation at 30 degrees C, 45% of the dissociated radioactivity consisted of 125I-insulin degradation products, whereas only 8% of the dissociated material was in the form of degraded products after 60 min of dissociation at 16 degrees C. This indicates that fibroblasts possess a temperature-sensitive receptor-mediated process for insulin degradation. Preincubation of the monolayers with insulin led to a hormone-induced loss of insulin receptors. Thus, incubating cells with 25 ng/ml insulin for 6 h at 37 degrees C caused a 50% reduction in subsequently measured 125I-insulin binding. This hormone-induced receptor loss was sensitive to physiologic insulin levels, with approximately 5 ng/ml causing a half-maximal receptor loss. When monolayers were treated with the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine and subsequently incubated with 5 X 10(-11) M 125I-insulin, a 130% increase in cell-associated radioactivity was observed after 120 min at 30 degrees C. In summary, 1) cultured normal human fibroblasts possess insulin receptors that exhibit kinetic properties and specificity identical to that of other insulin target cells; 2) incubation of fibroblasts with physiologic concentrations of insulin causes a marked loss of cell-surface insulin receptors; and 3) receptor-bound 125I-insulin is internalized through an energy-dependent endocytotic pathway and subsequently degraded by a chloroquine-sensitive reaction. PMID- 7025658 TI - Sulfate transport in rabbit proximal convoluted tubules: presence of anion exchange. AB - These studies describe the characteristics of sulfate transport in proximal convoluted tubules from rabbit kidney. We measured absorptive and secretory fluxes of sulfate in isolated tubular segments perfused and bathed with fluids containing sulfate concentrations of 0.2-10 mM. At 2.0 mM, the sulfate flux in the absorptive direction averaged 4.76 +/- 0.50 and the secretory flux was 3.08 +/- 0.31 pmol . mm-1 . min-1. Ouabain 10(-5) M decreased each to approx. 1.15 pmol . mm-1 . min-1. Kinetic analysis of each unidirectional sulfate flux demonstrated saturation with increasing sulfate concentrations. Thiosulfate 2 mM in the bath inhibited both absorptive and secretory sulfate fluxes; thiosulfate in the perfusate inhibited only the absorptive flux. Similar results were obtained with 10(-6) M SITS in either bath or perfusate. Phosphate had no effect on sulfate transport. Each unidirectional sulfate flux was influenced by the sulfate concentration in the solution on the opposite side in a pattern consistent with the presence of an anion exchange mechanism. Anion exchange transport persisted at 22 degrees C when net sulfate transport was abolished. The data indicate that sulfate transport in the proximal convoluted tubule is bidirectional, independent of phosphate transport, and occurs via two forms of facilitated transport, one of which is an anion exchange mechanism. PMID- 7025659 TI - Postnatal development: coordination of feeding, digestion, and metabolism. AB - The rat is immature at birth and undergoes major developmental changes at the end of the suckling period. This review deals with the maturation of ingestive behavior, gastrointestinal digestive and absorptive functions, liver metabolism, and brain structure and function. Each aspect of development is physiologically correlated with the dietary transition of weaning. However, it is unlikely that the process of weaning acts as a cue for the ontogenic changes. In contrast, there is strong evidence for an important role of both thyroxine and corticosterone as coordinators of maturational events in various organ systems. PMID- 7025660 TI - Organic acid proton donors decrease intestinal secretion caused by enterotoxins. AB - The effects of several weak acids on the secretory actions of cholera toxin and the heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (ST) have been examined in ligated jejunal loops in weanling pigs. Ascorbic and acetic acids had no effect, but L-lactic acid reduced the net fluid secretion caused by cholera toxin. Glutaric acid and p-aminobenzoic acid blocked net fluid secretion caused by cholera toxin or by ST. Antisecretory effects were pH dependent for p aminobenzoic acid in this study and for nicotinic acid in a previous report (6). At a pH of 5.0, p-aminobenzoic acid treatment increased lumen-to-blood sodium flux and decreased the blood-to-lumen sodium flux caused by cholera toxin. These weak acid effects were more marked on fluid fluxes in enterotoxin-treated loops than in control loops and persisted for 20-30 min after acid removal from loops. These findings are discussed in terms of requirements for antisecretory activity and possible modes of action of antisecretory compounds. PMID- 7025661 TI - Filament systems in the Purkinje fibers of the heart. AB - The presence of a specialized cell system designed to conduct the electrical impulses for the sequential contraction of heart muscle is well known. This conduction system of the heart exhibits special morphological features and differs from the contractile myocardium in several respects, including cell form and size, intercellular contacts, and the absence of T tubules. This review is focused on another distinguishing feature, the specific filament systems present in the conduction cells. The conduction cells contain myofibrillar material with different histochemical, biochemical, and morphological properties compared with the contractile myocardium. The conduction cells also contain specific myofilament-polyribosome complexes, of unknown function, never seen in ordinary myocardial cells. Intermediate filaments, present in all eukaryotic cell types, are extremely abundant in conduction cells, especially in birds and larger mammals. Other filamentous organelles of the conduction cells include leptofibrils, microtubules, and microfilaments. The combined results from several investigations indicate that the filamentous systems maintain the structural integrity of the conduction cell bundles functioning as a cytoskeleton. Extracellular elements, such as the surrounding connective tissue sheath, may aid in this respect. Other functions have been ascribed to the filamentous systems of the conduction cells, but these are unproven. PMID- 7025663 TI - Morphogenesis of yellow fever virus in Aedes aegypti cultured cells. I. Isolation of different cellular clones and the study of their susceptibility to infection with the virus. AB - We report the isolation of 19 cellular clones of Aedes aegypti and analyze their susceptibility to infection with yellow fever virus, in comparison with the uncloned cells. Four types of clones were found, different in their morphology, their metabolism and their virus production. The C 17 clone produces the most virus, not only with respect to the other Aedes aegypti clones, but also to other uncloned arthropod cells published in the literature. A cytopathic effect exists in the virus infected cells. Cloned and uncloned cells do not seem to produce any antiviral substance which transfers to other cells an immunity against the virus. An immunological study with immunoperoxidase enabled us to follow the appearance of viral antigens and to locate them in the cell. At the beginning we observed a perinuclear coloration diffusing further into the whole cytoplasm. The present report represents an introduction to a structural study on the morphogenesis of yellow fever virus within the cells of Aedes aegypti. PMID- 7025662 TI - Control of glomerular filtration rate by circulating angiotensin II. AB - Previous studies from our laboratory have provided evidence that the renin angiotensin system plays an important role in controlling glomerular filtration rate (GFR) through an efferent arteriolar vasoconstrictor mechanism; however, the relative importance of circulating versus intrarenally formed angiotensin II (ANG II) in this control has not been determined. In the present study, the role of circulating ANG II in regulating GFR during reduced renal artery pressure (RAP) was examined in sodium-depleted dogs. After 90 min of infusion of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor SQ 14225, which presumably inhibited formation of both circulating and intrarenal ANG II, reduction of RAP to 81 +/- 2 mmHg resulted in marked decreases in GFR, filtration fraction (FF), and calculated efferent arteriolar resistance (RE), whereas renal blood flow (RBF) was maintained approximately 40% above initial control levels determined before SQ 14225 infusion. Replacement of circulating ANG II during SQ 14225 infusion, by intravenous infusion of ANG II at rates that decreased RBF to control levels, increased GFR, FF, and RE to levels not significantly different from control while RAP was maintained constant by aortic constriction. These observations suggest that circulating ANG II plays an important role in regulating RE and GFR during reductions in RAP. The importance of intrarenally formed ANG II in controlling GFR remains to be determined. PMID- 7025664 TI - Rhinoentomophthoromycosis: report of the first two cases observed in Costa Rica (Central America), and review of the literature. AB - The first two cases of rhinoentomophthoromycosis to be recognized in Costa Rica are reported. The first patient was a 32-year-old Caucasian male from the Pacific Coast, and the second, a 17-year-old Negro male from the Atlantic Coast. Both cases showed the typical involvement of the nasofacial skin with the formation of subcutaneous nodules. One patient also showed left maxillary sinus involvement. Both patients were in general good health, without any associated disease. Cultures from the second patient, taken from the glabellar nodule, were positive for Conidiobolus coronatus. These two cases represent the first documentation of this uncommon mycosis in Central America. PMID- 7025665 TI - Immunodiagnosis of bancroftian filariasis: comparative efficiency of the indirect hemagglutination test, indirect fluorescent antibody test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay done with Wuchereria bancrofti microfilarial antigens. AB - The indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT), indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been applied to the serodiagnosis of bancroftian filariasis employing Wuchereria bancrofti mf antigens and the efficiency of these tests in the detection of antibody has been compared. Each test was found to be marginally superior to the other two tests with a particular group of endemic sera for the detection of filarial antibody. In other words, the IHAT, IFAT and ELISA showed a greater number of positive reactions with endemic normal, microfilaremia and clinical filarial sera, respectively. ELISA is simple, sensitive and can be used in seroepidemiological studies for bancroftian filariasis employing soluble antigens. PMID- 7025666 TI - Microfilariae of Mansonella ozzardi in human skin biopsies. AB - Microfilariae of Mansonella ozzardi were seen in specimens of skin taken by biopsy from 4 of 6 subjects previously shown to be positive for microfilariae in the blood. While most of the microfilariae were confined to small blood vessels in the papillary and superficial reticular dermis, some were in perivascular spaces and a few were noted in the dermal interstitium. There was no microscopic evidence that the minimal cutaneous disease seen could be directly attributed to the microfilariae. PMID- 7025667 TI - Effect of antrectomy on the nervous phase of gastric secretion in the dog. AB - A method is described for complete isolation of the stomach in the dog with vagal innervation intact. This involves esophagostomy, double mucosal closure of the pylorus and a Maydl gastric fistula combined with gastrojejunostomy. The latter is occluded during periods of study. In this preparation the responses to sham feeding and to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were reduced approximately 10-fold, reiterating the significant synergistic effect of gastrin on vagal stimulation of the parietal cell mass. However, significant acid secretion could still be induced in this preparation by both sham feeding and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. PMID- 7025668 TI - Basal hyposecretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide after Roux-Y hepaticojejunostomy in man. AB - We previously showed that basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion, gastrin in serum and gastrin in antral mucosa were significantly greater in patients with Roux-Y hepaticojejunostomy than in those with choledochoduodenostomy. These findings prompted investigation of basal secretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (a peptide with an enterogastrone as well as an insulinogenic effect), insulin and glucose in the same patients. Basal gastric inhibitory polypeptide was significantly lower in patients with Roux-Y hepaticojejunostomy than in those with choledochoduodensotomy, whereas glucose and insulin did not differ in the two groups. No correlation could be demonstrated between gastric inhibitory polypeptide, gastric acid secretion and gastrin, suggesting that hyposecretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide is not a pathogenetic factor for the hypersecretion of gastric acid secretion in patients with Roux-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Hyposecretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and gastric acid hypersecretion in patients with bile diversion seem to be two independent phenomena. PMID- 7025669 TI - Improved technique for pancreaticogastrostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy. PMID- 7025670 TI - Technique for using the EEA stapler for low anterior resection of the rectum entirely from the abdominal approach. PMID- 7025671 TI - Single layer suture by manual or mechanical stapling technique in esophagojejunostomy after total gastrectomy. AB - Manual single layer suturing procedures were used for esophagojejunostomy in end to-side fashion after total gastrectomy in 30 patients with upper gastric carcinoma involving the esophagus. Only one minor suture line leak was observed in spite of the anastomosis without any other seromuscular reinforcing sutures. Transabdominal, highly placed intramediastinal esophagojejunostomy was made by mechanical suturing; the instrument proved simple to use and produced a reliable closure of good quality in 14 patients with esophgogastric cancer. Suture line leak was seen in two patients in whom this one layer inverting stapling suture technique was used. Post-operative barium roentgenography of the anastomosis by these two methods showed a stoma wide enough to pass any kind of food without stenosis in all successful cases. PMID- 7025672 TI - laryngotracheal autograft: an alternate food conduit. PMID- 7025673 TI - Dosage of corticosteroids in renal allograft rejection. PMID- 7025674 TI - Simplified operative procedure for proximal subclavian arterial lesions: direct subclavian-carotid anastomosis. AB - An operative approach to treatment of proximal subclavian occlusive lesions was used in 11 patients with claudication of the arm, vertebrobasilar insufficiency or subclavian steal syndrome. Through a supraclavicular incision, the subclavian artery is isolated proximal to the vertebral origin, dissected from the periarterial tissue into the mediastinum and then clamped above the atherosclerotic lesion. The artery is transected and the proximal end closed. The distal portion of the subclavian is then anastomosed end-to-side to the common carotid either in front of or behind the internal jugular vein. This procedure, applicable to right or left subclavian occlusive or ulcerative lesions, is particularly advantageous since it avoids major thoracotomy and the use of prosthetic bypasses in the neck. Postoperative noninvasive and angiographic evaluation in this series of patients indicates that the technique is simple, effective and without complications, making it preferable to existing procedures. PMID- 7025675 TI - Intermittent pneumatic calf compression for prevention of deep venous thrombosis in general abdominal surgery. AB - A prospective randomized trial is described in 119 patients undergoing major abdominal general surgical procedures. Half of the patients were treated prophylactically with intermittent pneumatic calf compression, begun after the induction of anesthesia and continued until the patient was walking; the other half acted as controls. Deep venous thrombosis was detected by iodine-125 fibrinogen scanning and confirmed by venography, and did not differ significantly in the control and treated groups. One fatal pulmonary embolism occurred in each group. The presence of malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract did not influence the results. The findings suggest that pneumatic compression delayed the development of deep venous thrombosis postoperatively and that perhaps it should be continued until discharge from hospital. PMID- 7025676 TI - Sleep-related breathing disorders. AB - Disorders of breathing related to sleep are relatively newly recognized and less than fully understood. This review presents the terminology used to describe them, and describes the physiology of sleep and the control of ventilation, the pathophysiology of breathing disorders during sleep, their various clinical manifestations, current diagnostic techniques, and the treatment modalities available at present. Among the diagnostic approaches discussed are airway fluoroscopy during sleep, pneumography, and polysomnography. Approaches to medical and surgical management of these disorders are reviewed. Speculation regarding the underestimation of the prevalence of these disorders, the male predominance, and their relationship to snoring, coronary artery disease, and hypertension, which also show male predominance, are presented. Also suggested is a relationship of sleep apnea, obesity, and mental retardation in childhood-onset or congenital disorders such as Down's syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome, and in other endocrine dysfunction diseases. PMID- 7025677 TI - Middle ear, cochlea, and Tonndorf. AB - A review of Tonndorf's research is a review of the history of a part of our current knowledge of the auditory system. Perhaps the most important of Tonndorf's contributions to this knowledge concerns the functional properties of the middle ear and the cochlea, and this article is devoted to them. Beginning with cochlear models, he studied both the vibration of the basilar membrane and the fluid motion around it, clarifying in this way the mechanism of cochlear wave propagation. His studies of nonlinear cochlear distortions led to the discovery of distortion products that were propagated in the cochlea in the form of waves. Together with Khanna, he applied the laser technology to the study of the vibration patterns of the tympanic membranes. This study brought new light to our understanding of sound transmission of the middle ear. PMID- 7025678 TI - An introduction to bone marrow transplantation. Leukemia and aplastic disease- new solutions for old problems. PMID- 7025679 TI - Comments on hematopoietic stem cells. PMID- 7025680 TI - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia and acute leukemia. PMID- 7025681 TI - Autologous bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7025682 TI - Leon Schneyer memorial lecture remarks. PMID- 7025683 TI - Hodgkin's disease in childhood: therapy results in Argentina. AB - From 1940 to 1977, a total of 152 children aged 15 years or less with the histologic diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease were treated in Argentina. For analysis, these patients were placed into three periods which displayed the most outstanding changes in diagnostic workup and therapy. The periods are as follows: (1) 1940 to 1966 (43 children), (2) 1967 to 1972 (35 children), and (3) 1973 to 1977 (74 children). The patients were treated with extended field radiation therapy and followed by courses of cyclophosphamide-vinblastine-procarbazine prednisone, with CCNU added (CCVPP) or not added (CVPP) in a randomized trial. The mean age of the whole group was 7.5 years (range 2 to 15 years) and there was a predominance of males (79%). Crude 6-year survival for the three periods were as follows: 1940 to 1966, 34%; 1967 to 1972, 50%; and 1973 to 1977, 79%. We conclude that (1) survival of Hodgkin's disease of childhood has shown a rather marked improvement during the last decade and this progress is probably due to the use of combined multidrug chemotherapy administered under collaborative controlled clinical trials; (2) preliminary evaluation of the results of CVPP and CCVPP therapy shows that the latter combination (CCVPP) neither increases the percent of patients achieving complete remission nor prolongs relapse-survival in Hodgkin's disease of childhood: and (3) all stages of childhood Hodgkin's disease can be successfully managed with multidrug chemotherapy alone. PMID- 7025684 TI - Problems in the chemotherapy of cancer in the neonate. AB - Cancer in the neonate is a rare event, constituting only 0.2% of all childhood malignancies. Depsite unique therapeutic challenges posed by patients in this age group, the malignancies occurring in the neonate are often responsive to the same multimodality treatment approach used in older children, and long-term survival can often be achieved. Chemotherapy is a key component of treatment. The pharmacology of these chemotherapeutic agents in the neonate parallels developmental changes in the liver, kidney, gut, and fluid compartments. These developmental changes must be considered in the design of chemotherapeutic schedules and in the selection of drug dosages for the neonate. The factors known to be important in neonatal drug distribution and metabolism are discussed and recommendations are made for appropriate modification of chemotherapy programs based on these considerations. PMID- 7025685 TI - Trial of daunomycin in acute promyelocytic leukemia of childhood: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. AB - Children with acute promyelocytic leukemia were treated with aggressive daunomycin induction and 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate maintenance. The remission rate was 8 out of 10 fully evaluable patients. Three are still alive up to 32 months. With vigorous induction therapy, occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation was rare. Only one case of DIC was seen in a child who had pseudomonas sepsis at time of diagnosis. Since current protocols are more aggressive, future chemotherapy include patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. PMID- 7025686 TI - The measurement of zinc in biological samples: precautions and prerequisites. PMID- 7025687 TI - The effect of ethanol and acetaldehyde on DNA synthesis in growing cells and on fetal development in the rat. AB - Incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA was significantly diminished by treatment with ethanol and acetaldehyde in regenerating rat liver, rat cells in culture, and rat fetal tissues. Reduced incorporation was especially marked in the fetal central nervous system and was observed with both compounds at levels similar to those reported to occur in human alcoholics. The reduced incorporation of 3H thymidine into fetal DNA, together with the increased fetal mortality observed in dams treated specifically with acetaldehyde during pregnancy, suggests that acetaldehyde is implicated in the mechanism of teratogenesis associated with the fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7025688 TI - Plasma alpha-amino-n-butyric acid/leucine ratio in alcoholics. AB - Fasting free amino acid concentrations in plasma of 20 control and 18 alcoholic subjects were compared in an attempt to validate previous reports that the molar ratio of alpha-amino-n-butyric acid/leucine (A/L ratio) is a marker for alcoholism. We were unable to confirm the observations of either altered alpha amino-n-butyric acid or leucine concentrations or an increased A/L ratio in alcoholic subjects, and we conclude that the A/L ratio is not a biochemical marker for alcoholism. PMID- 7025689 TI - Common genetic mechanisms in alcoholism and psychiatric disorders: negative evidence from a study of ethnic group patients. AB - Alcoholism in the male relatives of patients with various (nonalcoholic) psychiatric disorders is consistently elevated above population risk. Over the years, this finding has given rise to theories which propose that some forms of alcoholism are attributable to the pleiotropic expression of genes underlying these disorders. This mechanism was tested in the fathers of patients from ethnic groups associated with culturally suppressed alcohol abuse where it was predicted that decreased alcoholism would be substituted for by increased psychiatric disorder. Results, however, failed to support such a mechanism. Other explanations of this elevated alcoholism were considered. PMID- 7025690 TI - Medical status and cognitive functioning in alcoholic women. AB - The prevalence of physical health disorders and measures of cognitive functioning were compared for 100 alcoholic and 100 nonalcoholic women matched on age and education. Alcoholic women were less healthy and more impaired on visual-spatial tasks than nonalcoholic women, and there were no relationships between health and cognitive functioning for either group. PMID- 7025691 TI - Specific memory deficits associated with prolonged alcohol abuse. AB - The relationship between age, education, length and amount of heavy drinking, and performance on five memory tasks was investigated in 54 chronic alcoholics and 18 age-matched controls. Alcoholics with less than 12 yr of heavy drinking differed reliably from long-term (13-22 yr) and extended long-term drinkers (greater than 23 yr) in recognition memory for visual patterns when scores were corrected for age. Compared with controls, both groups of long-term drinkers were deficient on the visual, auditory, and Faces recognition tests. Age and education of alcoholics accounted for part of performance differences; length of alcohol abuse, however, predicted reliably the decline in memory scores on all but the tactual test. The profile of memory performances seemed to decrease linearly with increasing age and length of alcohol abuse. PMID- 7025692 TI - Comparison of clients completing inpatient alcoholism treatment with clients who left prematurely. PMID- 7025693 TI - Effect of dietary ethanol and cholesterol on metabolic functions of hepatic mitochondria and microsomes from the monkey, Macaca nemestrina. AB - Monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) were divided into four groups, and each group was fed a particular diet. The variables in the diets were as follows: diet A, 0.3 mg cholesterol/kcal nutrient; diet B, 1.0 mg cholesterol/kcal nutrient; diet C, 0.3 mg cholesterol/kcal nutrient, ethanol (36% of calories); diet D, 1.0 mg cholesterol/kcal nutrient, ethanol (36% of calories). Monkeys on the diets containing ethanol developed fatty liver. Mitochondria from ethanol-fed animals demonstrated significant decreases in uncoupler-stimulated, state 3, and state 4 succinate oxidation activity; respiratory control ratio; and ATP content. Liver microsomes isolated from the ethanol-fed groups demonstrated increased ethanol oxidizing activity with either NADPH or H2O2 as cosubstrate. Aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine-N-demethylase activities were also elevated in ethanol-fed animals. The alterations in these functional properties were related primarily to ethanol in the diets. Cholesterol, while being less of a perturbant than ethanol, did elicit a significant decrease in cytochrome oxidase activity of mitochondria and a small but statistically significant increase in microsomal-associated ethanol oxidation activity. It appeared to potentiate the effect of ethanol in lowering mitochondrial respiratory control and ATP concentrations. PMID- 7025694 TI - Effect of dietary ethanol and cholesterol on phospholipid composition of hepatic mitochondria and microsomes from the monkey, Macaca nemestrina. AB - Monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) were divided into four groups, and each group was fed a particular diet. The variables in the diets were as follows: diet A, 0.3 mg cholesterol/kcal nutrient; diet B, 1.0 mg cholesterol/kcal nutrient; diet C, 0.3 mg cholesterol/kcal nutrient, ethanol (36% of calories); diet D, 1.0 mg cholesterol/kcal nutrient, ethanol (36% of calories). Monkeys on the diets containing ethanol developed fatty liver. Mitochondria and microsomes isolated from these livers demonstrated ethanol-elicited alterations in metabolic functions as is described in the preceding paper. Accompanying these changes in metabolic activities were alterations in organelle phospholipids that were influenced by both dietary ethanol and cholesterol. The changes that could be attributed to ethanol were as follows. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine was decreased in microsomes and increased in mitochondria; the sphingomyelin content in microsomes was increased significantly. The levels of stearic and arachidonic acid were elevated, and palmitic and oleic acid decreased, in phospholipids from both mitochondria and microsomes. Cholesterol influenced the fatty acid composition of several phospholipids, usually in a direction opposite to those alterations attributed to ethanol. Cholesterol feeding increased levels of palmitic and oleic acid and decreased amounts of stearic, linoleic, and arachidonic acid in several phospholipids. The significant ethanol- and cholesterol-elicited alterations observed in this study suggest the possibility that the changes in metabolic functions in mitochondria and microsomes are controlled, at least in part, by alterations in the phospholipid compositions of these organelles. PMID- 7025695 TI - Lipid peroxidation in alcoholic liver disease in humans. AB - The lipoperoxide level in liver as well as serum in alcoholic patients was measured by using the thiobarbituric acid method. Heavy drinkers with deposition of fat in liver had a significantly (p less than 0.001) higher level of hepatic lipoperoxide examined in about 7 days after abstinence than did nonalcoholic individuals with histologically normal liver. Of these heavy drinkers, cases with a remarkably high level of liver lipoperoxide showed a high incidence of hepatic cell necrosis. The hepatic lipoperoxide level was correlated with the serum lipoperoxide level in these heavy drinkers (r = 0.750, p less than 0.001). In chronic alcoholics, high levels of serum lipoperoxide were usually observed on admission, and a significant positive correlation was found between the serum lipoperoxide level and serum GOT activity (r = 0.541, p less than 0.01). After a 2-wk abstinence, the levels of serum lipoperoxide decreased, which was associated with improvement of liver function tests. These results suggest a possible involvement of lipid peroxidation in alcohol-induced liver damage in humans. PMID- 7025696 TI - Recovery and driving after brief anaesthesia. AB - It seems clear that patients should always be escorted when leaving the hospital after brief anaesthesia. The length of hospital stay should be based on the patient's test performance as well as on the supposed effects of the drugs on psychomotor performance. Minimal requirements for safe discharge should, in addition to stable vital signs and the ability to maintain oral fluids, include that patients are able to dress themselves and able to walk out. Recommendations not to drive should be based on the extent of the impairment of performance when assessed at the hospital, as well as on documented objective knowledge of the residual effects of the drugs used. In most cases patients should refrain from driving for at least 24 hours after anaesthesia. PMID- 7025697 TI - Anesthesia in orthotopic liver transplantation. Report of 8 cases. AB - The anesthetic management of orthotopic liver transplantation has become a new problem with special requirements. From the anesthetist's point of view the operation is divided into four phases: the first is the phase of removal of the diseased liver, characterized by heavy bleeding; the second is the anhepatic phase, dominated by a sudden reduction of blood return to the heart due to cross clamping of inferior vena cava; the third is the phase of partial re establishment of circulation of the donated liver, marked by a progressive drop in body temperature and great changes in acid-base equilibrium and electrolytes, especially potassium, and disturbances of blood coagulation potassium, and disturbances of blood coagulation; the fourth is the phase of release of the clamps from the inferior vena cava, which causes a rise in the central venous and systolic pressures, and may also aggravate the metabolic acidosis. Eight cases of orthotopic liver transplantation for late-stage unresectable hepatocarcinoma have been operated upon under combined neurolept anesthesia in recent 3 years. The age of the patients is between 29-50 years. We think that neurolept analgesia with the combined use of gamma-OH, diazepam, ketamine and gallamine is one of the safest methods of anesthesia, which has a minimal toxicity to the liver, a smooth induction and rapid recovery of consciousness, and puts little burden on the circulation. The postoperative survival of first seven patients was between 6-264 days. There were no postanesthetic complications in our series. The authors conclude that the proper choice of anesthesia, careful monitoring and judicious management of the patients during the various phases of operation, the maintenance of good condition of the donated liver and skillful surgical technique are the basic requirements for successful transplantation. PMID- 7025698 TI - An evaluation of thermodilution cardiac output measurement using the Swan-Ganz catheter. AB - Errors in thermodilution cardiac output measurement were quantitated to determine the order of accuracy of routine measurements performed by unskilled personnel. In vitro and in vivo studies were undertaken to examine factors affecting the volume and temperature of the injectate, catheter thermistor and computer performance, effect of respiration, use of cold (0-4 degrees C) versus ambient temperature (20-25 degrees C) injectate, and the interpretation of measurements. Ambient temperature injectate incurred unacceptably large errors; cold injectate (injections were timed with respiration) produced variations in performance by equipment and personnel which accounted for only 2% of the variation between successive measurements. Real changes in cardiac output and inherent variability of the downslope of the thermal curve, necessitating an empirically based calculation, account for up to 10% variation between successive measurements. When cold injectate was used, and the average of three corrected measurements taken, thermodilution cardiac output measurements were within 10% of a simultaneous dye dilution measurement. PMID- 7025699 TI - Pulmonary oedema following relief of epiglottitis. PMID- 7025700 TI - A two-dimensional gel electrophoretic procedure for the separation of complex mixtures of 4-12S RNAs. PMID- 7025701 TI - Determination and characterization of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA thioesters from yeast and mammalian liver. PMID- 7025702 TI - Crosslinkage analysis of bacterial cell walls using dual-isotope labeling of N terminal groups with fluorodinitrobenzene: a method of general application for microdetermination of free amino groups in peptides. PMID- 7025703 TI - Quantification of cell death in human fibroblasts by measuring the loss of [14C]thymidine from prelabeled cell monolayers. PMID- 7025704 TI - Purification of Dictyostelium discoideum spores by centrifugation in Percoll density gradients with retention of morphological and biochemical integrity. PMID- 7025705 TI - Intracellular immunoglobulins in plasma cells of nasal biopsies taken from vanadium-exposed workers. A retrospective case control study by the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method. AB - The amount and classes of immunoglobulins were determined in plasma cells of nasal biopsies taken from vanadium-exposed workers, by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Antiserum 1: 100 dilution proved better than 1: 1000 dilution in demonstrating the immunoglobulins in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded nasal biopsies stored four years. The number of plasma cells of the exposed was found to be increased, but no reliable conclusions could be drawn from the amounts of immunoglobulins in this survey. The number of positive cells had decreased probably due to storage and perhaps to fixation method, too (10% formalin). However, these findings seem to support our previous suggestion that vanadium does not cause an allergic nasal inflammation. PMID- 7025706 TI - The stereotaxic configuration of hypothalamus nerve centers in the cow. AB - The purpose of this work was to state the three-dimensional position of the nerve centres of the hypothalamus of the cow. Studies were made on 12 brains of Frisian cattle cows weighing from 320 to 350 kg. The whole length of examined animals' skulls was on an average 51 cm. The following stereotaxic zero planes were taken: 1. a horizontal plane joining an interaurical line and upper edges of eye sockets, 2. frontal plane runs across an interaurical line perpendicularly to a horizontal plane 3. a sagittal plane is a plane of brain symmetry. The brains were fixed with neutralized formalin, dehydrated in ethyl alcohol, embedded in paraffin and cut into section 15 micrometer thick in 3 planes. The sections were stained by Kluver's and Barrera's method. Basing on microscopic examination of these histological preparations the three-dimensional position of hypothalamus nerve centres of a cow in relation to taken stereotaxic zero planes was stated. PMID- 7025707 TI - Renin immunocytochemistry of the differentiating juxtaglomerular apparatus. AB - The differentiation of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in fetuses and newborn mice was investigated by renin immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Three to four days before delivery and prior to other organs renin was found in the fetal kidney. At this early time immunoreactivity was preferentially located in cells of the media of interlobular arteries. In newborn mice the formation of new nephrons and maturation of their glomeruli was accompanied by a shift in renin localization from the interlobular arteries to the afferent arterioles. At the same time, kidney renin content and concentration increased rapidly. Synchronously with renin immunoreactivity, during the capillary loop stage of glomerular development, granulated epitheloid cells became visible in the afferent arteriole. PMID- 7025708 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic protein in mouse tanycytes. AB - Immunohistochemical techniques were used to stain for the astrocytespecific glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the cells lining the third ventricle of the developing and mature mouse brain. Before birth immunoreactive tanycytes were only observed in the infundibular recess of the median eminence, where they could first be seen at embryonic day 17. They possessed long processes running towards the ventral surface on the brain. During the early postnatal period GFAP-positive tanycytes gradually appeared throughout the third ventricle, although the ependymal cells themselves remained unstained. The tanycytes retained thier immunoreactivity for anti-GFAP serum in the adult, and were also evident in the adult rat third ventricle indicates that they, the transient radial glia of the developing cerebral cortex, the persistent Bergmann glia of the cerebellum, similar astrocytes with radial processes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and conventional astroglia are all closely related cell types. PMID- 7025709 TI - Biochemical Composition of rat Cowper's gland. AB - Cowper's glands of rats were analysed for ten different biochemical parameters including enzymes and substrates under different hormonal status of the animals. Sialic acid, glycogen and activities of maltase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes of the prepuberal glands were found to be elevated to the levels of the adult (control animals) after treatment with testosterone propionate. On the other hand, following castration of adult animals a dramatic fall of the maltase activity of the gland was recorded; other parameters studied also registered a significant fall from their normal values. However, following treatment with testosterone propionate of the castrate animals all parameters excepting total lipids and phospholipids were found to recover. Sialic acid of the prepuberal animals and maltase activity of the adult were highly sensitive to testosterone propionate. PMID- 7025710 TI - Verapamil in the treatment of PSVT. AB - Verapamil is considered by many investigators to be the drug of choice for the acute management of uncomplicated PSVT. Several clinical investigators have demonstrated termination of PSVT in more than 90% of their patients within minutes following IV drug administration. The incidence of reported severe adverse reactions has been less than 1%. PSVT may be complicated by underlying heart disease, or by antegrade accessory pathway conduction in individuals with pre-excitation syndrome. Such conditions, or the prior use of beta-blocking agents, may contraindicate the use of verapamil. However, the history of recent myocardial ischemia or the prior use of digitalis does not appear to contraindicate verapamil therapy. Guidelines for the emergency management of the patient in PSVT are presented. PMID- 7025711 TI - Relationship of hypothyroidism to diabetes mellitus, renal amyloidosis, and thrombosis in purebred beagles. AB - Review of 484 records for colony Beagles revealed an association between hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus. The average time between first notation of hypothyroidism and later development of diabetes mellitus was 2.8 years. An association was also made with hypothyroidism, renal amyloidosis, and thrombosis. Hypothyroidism was significantly related to thrombosis, thrombosis was significantly related to renal amyloidosis, but hypothyroidism and renal amyloidosis were not significantly related. Of 62 hypothyroid dogs, 11 were diabetic and 7 others had thrombosis. Six hypothyroid dogs had renal amyloidosis, 4 of which had thrombosis. One dog had renal amyloidosis and thrombosis in the absence of hypothyroidism. There does not appear to be an association with any of the lesions and previous low-dose, whole-body gamma, or sham irradiation. PMID- 7025712 TI - Effects of dietary aflatoxin on existing bacterial intramammary infections of dairy cows. AB - Aflatoxin, a naturally occurring mycotoxin with immunosuppressive properties, was given to 4 lactating dairy cows that had experimentally induced or naturally occurring mammary infections in 2 of their 4 mammary quarters. Aflatoxin was given orally in daily doses approximating 0.3 mg of B1 activity/kg of body weight for periods of 12 to 14 days. Infecting organisms were Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus hyicus. The 4 cows were monitored for clinical signs of disease and signs of mastitis for periods before, during, and after aflatoxin consumption. The cows developed inappetence, lost body weight, and had variable reductions in daily milk yield. Serum ornithine-carbamoyl transferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities were elevated during and 1 to 3 weeks after aflatoxin consumption. Exacerbations of acute clinical mastitis did not occur in any of the infected quarters; however, bacterial populations in the milk increased in 3 of the 4 cows during aflatoxin consumption. Mean California mastitis test scores were generally highest in the infected quarters in the period after the last dose of aflatoxin was given. Aflatoxin M1 appeared in milk 3 to 6 hours after aflatoxin consumption began, and persisted for 72 hours or longer after the last dose of aflatoxin was given. Aflatoxin B1 and M1 were present in urine samples taken at 6 hours after aflatoxin consumption began and persisted for 72 through 120 hours after the last dose of aflatoxin was given. PMID- 7025713 TI - Decalcified bone grafts in the horse. AB - The need for early postoperative weight bearing following fracture repair in the horse has led to investigation of various means of expediting the healing process. Bone grafting represents one means of accomplishing this, and the transplantation of autologous tissues has proven to be most useful in equine orthopedics. Acid-decalcified, frozen, allogeneic bone for grafting is easy to prepare, readily contoured, osteogenic, and elicits no obvious immune or rejection response. The most compelling reason for the use of the substance is the elimination of the need of a harvesting operation on a patient already undergoing extensive surgery for the restitution of skeletal integrity. PMID- 7025714 TI - Bacteriologic study of sow agalactia. AB - Necropsy of 13 agalactic and 11 normally lactating sows at 1 to 2 days after parturition revealed that 7 of the agalactic and 4 of the clinically normal sows had lesions of mastitis. Escherichia coli, Streptococcus equisimilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the predominant organisms isolated. The organisms were isolated as pure and as mixed cultures and all 3 were isolated from normal appearing, as well as mastitic, glands. Pure culture isolation of E. coli (44 gland segments) was significantly associated with microscopic lesions of mastitis, regardless of the number of colonies isolated, whereas pure culture isolation of Streptococcus equisimilis or S epidermidis in low to moderate numbers was not. Isolation of large numbers of beta-hemolytic streptococci (2 gland segments) or of S epidermidis (6 gland segments) was associated with microscopic evidence of mastitis. Cultural examination of uterus and cervix revealed 5 isolates of strict anaerobic bacteria, all different species, from 4 of the 24 sows. Culture of 2 mammary glands from each sow revealed no strict anaerobes. Phase-contrast microscopic examination of specimens from mammary glands, uterus, and cervix of each sow revealed no spirochetes. Attempts to isolate mycoplasmas and chlamydiae from mammary gland, uterine tube (fallopian tube), uterus, cervix, and urethra of the 24 sows were negative. The evidence confirms previous reports that coliforms are the most significant bacteria in mastitis of the sow. PMID- 7025715 TI - Correction of CO2 retention during sleep in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. AB - Three normal subjects and 5 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic CO2 retention were studied to determine the effect of chronic ventilatory stimulation with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on ventilatory control and pulmonary gas exchange during sleep. All patients had lowered PaCO2 after treatment with MPA while awake. Using a randomized application of treatment and placebo conditions, 4 wk of MPA therapy in the normal subjects caused a reduction in PaCO2 while awake (delta PaCO2 -4 to -7 mmHg) and during non-REM sleep (delta PaCO2 -5 to -7 mmHg). The response consisted of an increased minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), and mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI) awake and during non-REM sleep. In the patient group, 4 wk of MPA therapy caused significant reductions in PaCO2 while awake (from 54 +/- 2 to 47 +/- 2 mmHg) and during non-REM sleep (from 57 +/- 2 to 49 +/- 2 mmHg). Minute ventilation tidal volume, and mean inspiratory flow increased to a similar extent while awake and during all sleep stages. Improvement in SaO2 during sleep induced by treatment was attributable to an increase in alveolar ventilation rather than a decrease in alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference. Medroxyprogesterone acetate elicited chronic increases in inspiratory effect, tidal volume, and alveolar ventilation while awake and during all sleep stages in selected patients with chronic CO2 retention despite severe mechanical impairment and maldistribution ventilation:perfusion. The drug drives ventilation by a mechanism of action that is independent of many other peripheral and "central" ventilatory stimuli and/or inhibitors, including higher central nervous system influenced on ventilatory control that are dependent on the state of wakefulness. PMID- 7025716 TI - Instability of immunoglobulins and complement (C3) as predictor of renal allograft rejection. AB - Ten renal allograft recipients were studied for a period of three months with weekly measurements of serum complement C3 including a baseline value before transplantation. Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) were studied in nine of these patients. Fifteen rejection episodes occurred, three patients losing their graft because of irreversible rejections. The patients were followed for 2.5 years. The degree of of change in serial C3 and immunoglobulin levels from baseline was determined by variability index s. Fourteen out of 15 rejections were preceded by si (C3) greater than .1, one to several weeks in advance. The si (Ig) was useful in week 1 and predicted the rejection missed by si (C3). We conclude that instability of immunoglobulins and complement as measured by s is not only associated with rejections but appears to be a precursor to rejection events. We suggest the following prognostic two-step procedure: (1) Week 1: If either si (C3) or si (Ig) greater than .1, predict rejection. (2) Cases that pass step 1 are monitored by C3 at weekly intervals. As soon as si (C3) greater than .1, predict rejection. PMID- 7025717 TI - Biochemical genetics of trehalose metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibit alternative patterns of trehalose accumulation during growth on a glucose medium. The active pattern is designated as TAC(+) phenotype and the alternative, low-activity pattern as tac( ) phenotype. The tac(-) phenotype is expressed only during growth, since tac(-) strains actively accumulate trehalose during incubation in a glucose medium lacking a nitrogen source. The tac(-) phenotype appears to be determined by a single, recessive gene tac1. The quantitative expression of the dominant, alternative allele TAC1 is subject to wide variation. A highly active pattern of trehalose accumulation requires TAC1 and an amplification factor, TAM, which consists of one or more dominant gene(s). TAM does not appear to alter significantly the expression of tac1. Highly amplified TAC(+) strains may contain a labile factor not present in a TAC(+) strain which accumulates intermediate levels of trehalose. PMID- 7025718 TI - [Metronidazole and cerebral abscess]. PMID- 7025719 TI - Cisplatin and vindesine combination chemotherapy for advanced carcinoma of the lung: A randomized trial investigating two dosage schedules. AB - Eighty-five patients with advanced squamous carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the lung were randomly assigned to receive vindesine with either high dose (120 mg/m2 of body surface area) or low dose (60 mg/m2) cisplatin. All patients had measurable disease and had not previously received chemotherapy. The response rate was similar with both treatments (43% complete and partial remission rate), but the high dose cisplatin regimen was superior to the low dose in median duration of response (12 versus 5.5 months; p = 0.05) and in median survival for responding patients (21.7 versus 10 months; p = 0.02). Myelosuppression was generally not a treatment problem; peripheral neuropathy and moderate azotemia were the major dose-limiting toxicities. With improved survival and response rates over those reported for conventional regimens, this combination of new agents supports the approach of new drug investigation in patients with lung cancer and the importance of the incorporation of active new agents into initial chemotherapy regimens. PMID- 7025720 TI - Plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in type I diabetes mellitus. AB - Plasma lipid and lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were measured in 10 insulin dependent (Type I) diabetics taking their usual dose of conventionally administered insulin during 6 months of a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion delivered with a small, portable, battery-powered pump. With this insulin delivery system we were able to provide near normal glucoregulation 24 hours a day for the entire study. This improved glucoregulation resulted in significant reductions in total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride, and very low density and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels within 2 to 4 weeks of treatment. These changes persisted for the entire 6 months of observation. High density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels rose significantly after 2 months of treatment and continued to increase during the 6-month study. These changes in plasma lipid and lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in response to treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion would favorably alter the predicted risk for the development of premature atherosclerosis in these patients. PMID- 7025721 TI - Prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole during consolidation chemotherapy for acute leukemia: a controlled trial. AB - We conducted a prospective, controlled, randomized trial of oral trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole treatment in patients with acute leukemia receiving consolidation chemotherapy. We followed 14 treatment patients during 33 episodes and 15 control patients during 34 episodes of granulocytopenia (less than 1000 granulocytes/mm3). We found no significant difference in the incidence of febrile episodes (13 in treatment group versus 14 in control group), hospitalizations to treat fever or infection (10 versus 12), number of documented infections (eight versus 10), number of septicemias (one versus two), or mean duration of hospital stay to treat fever or infection (8.9 versus 9.2 days) in the two groups. There was little colonization with organisms resistant to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, including Candida, in either group. Prophylactic trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole did not significantly reduce the incidence of fever, hospitalization, or infection in granulocytopenic patients during consolidation chemotherapy. PMID- 7025722 TI - Captopril in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7025723 TI - Pork insulin. PMID- 7025724 TI - Medical consultation on surgical services: an annotated bibliography. PMID- 7025725 TI - Corneal endothelial cell shrinkage after critical point drying. AB - Corneal endothelial cell densities of 30 rabbit eyes were determined in vivo by specular microscopy and after critical point drying by scanning electron microscopy. The range of shrinkage in area of the cells after critical point drying was 3.6% to 49.1% with a mean of 29.7%. This respresents a linear shrinkage of 1.8% to 28.7% with a mean of 16.4%. Comparisons of endothelial cell size or density between different critical point dried speciments therefore cannot be made without knowing how much shrinkage occurred in each individual specimen. PMID- 7025726 TI - [Utility of hemoglobin A1c for evaluating metabolic balance of juvenile diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025727 TI - [Plasma insulin in normal children and in diabetic children treated with intramuscular injections of insulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025728 TI - [Continuous predetermined insulin infusion in insulin-dependent diabetes, mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025729 TI - [Continuous predetermined infusion in insulin dependent diabetes in children and adolescents. A comparative study in relation to insulin infusion and duration of diabetes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025730 TI - [Investigation of insulin resistance in fourteen children starting a diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025731 TI - Circulating C peptide: measurement and clinical application. AB - Pancreatic beta-cell function is usually assessed by the measurement of plasma insulin concentration in various clinical situations. However, the advent of an assay for the measurement of connecting-peptide (C-peptide) concentration in plasma has provided a further method for the assessment of the secretory capacity of the pancreatic beta cell in clinical disorders, particularly in the investigation of hypoglycaemia. The metabolism and immunoassay methodology of C peptide are reviewed, and its application in clinical practice is outlined. PMID- 7025732 TI - Partial characterisation of an oncofetal pancreatic antigen. Its role in the differential diagnosis and therapy of patients with pancreatic cancer. AB - An oncofetal pancreatic antigen (OPA) has been identified and purified from the blood of patients with pancreatic cancer. Characterisation studies on OPA have shown that it is a protein of molecular weight 40 000 with alpha2 electrophoretic mobility. OPA is clearly different from alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, ferritin, acute phase reactants, and normal serum proteins. A rocket immunoassay has been developed allowing the quantitation of OPA in serum; it has been applied to samples from over 700 individuals with a variety of conditions. Elevated levels of OPA have been found in 42 of 48 (88%) patients with biopsy proven pancreatic cancer and in a much smaller percentage of patients with other cancers or with other conditions considered in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The studies indicate that serum OPA measurements may be useful as a preliminary screening test for pancreatic cancer and for monitoring the course of the disease. PMID- 7025733 TI - C-peptide measurement and its clinical usefulness: a review. PMID- 7025734 TI - Gentamicin assay: comparison of an adapted EMIT method and an RIA method. AB - The EMIT technique for gentamicin assay adapted to the Centrifichem-300 system was compared with an established RIA procedure. EMIT results correlated very well with the results obtained by the RIA method (r = 0.976, N = 48). For the adapted EMIT assay, the interassay coefficient of variation was 4-8% and for the RIA method 6-14%. Several possible interfering agents were investigated, of which only carbenicillin showed interference in both assays. Our data indicate that the EMIT technique exhibits adequate precision and accuracy for routine gentamicin determinations. PMID- 7025735 TI - Evaluation of a commercial enzyme radioimmunoassay kit for serum carcinoembryonic antigen. AB - An enzyme immunoassay kit for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) that uses plastic beads coated with guinea-pig anti-CEA as first antibody and goat anti-CEA conjugated with horseradish peroxidase as second antibody has been evaluated. The method does not involve perchloric acid extraction and therefore avoids a dialysis procedure. It is accurate, sensitive, and inexpensive to operate, and provides values comparable to those obtained with the Roche-CEA Z-Gel radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7025736 TI - Filariasis in Southeast Asia. AB - Filariasis due to Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and B timori is unevenly distributed in Southeast Asia. While B malayi and B timori infections are seen in the rural areas, W bancrofti is both an urban and rural problem. Control programmes in areas of subperiodic B malayi are complicated by zoonotic transmission mainly from reservoir hosts in some countries. The clinical features and laboratory diagnosis of brugian and bancroftian filariasis are discussed. PMID- 7025737 TI - Regulation of the prevalence and severity of filariasis: immunity or ecology? PMID- 7025738 TI - A three-year streptococcal survey among Singapore school children. Part I- Carriership of streptococci. AB - A prospective three years' survey, conducted on a total of 491 children attending four schools in Singapore showed that the throat carrier rates for beta haemolytic and group A streptococci varied from 15-31 percent and 6.6-15.7 per cent respectively. Malays had the highest streptococcal throat carrier rates followed by Indians/Pakistanis and the Chinese. There was no significant difference in streptococcal throat carrier rates between the sexes. Children from lowest family income of less than $500/- and those living in attap/zinc houses had the highest streptococcal carriage rates. On the other hand, children from households where two or less than two persons shared a room had the lowest beta haemolytic and group A streptococcal throat carrier rates. No marked variation in the incidences of streptococcal carriage rates was detected during the rainy and dry seasons. Twelve (2.4 percent) of the children haboured beta-haemolytic streptococci on their healthy skin. Ten (2 percent) of these children were colonized by group A streptococci. T5/11/12/27/44 was found to be the most predominant pattern during the period of study. Other common T patterns were T3/13/B3264, T8/25/Imp19 and T4/24/26/28/29/46. 19(17.3 percent) of the throat group A strains were M-typable and 11 M types were differentiated. PMID- 7025739 TI - Salmonella infections in Singapore. AB - The incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid in Singapore from 1976 to 1979 is reviewed. Common Vi-phage types were A, B1, B2, D1, D2 and E1. Most of the paratyphoid cases were imported but an outbreak of paratyphoid A started in 1979 for the first time in Singapore with a predominance of untypable phage type strains. Most of the strains of Salmonella typi and Salmonella paratyphi A & B were susceptible to antibiotics, except for 4 strains of S typhi isolated from imported cases. Infections caused by Salmonella typhimurium were most common in children under five. The strains were initially multiple-resistant to antibiotics, but gradually became more susceptible with decline in the number of cases. Among the salmonella serotypes isolated from clinical materials, Salmonella oranienburg showed multiple-resistance to antibiotics and started an outbreak among children in October 1978. A total of 55 serotypes other than salmonella typhimurium was isolated between 1976 and 1979, with most of them susceptible to the antibiotics except triple-sulpha. PMID- 7025740 TI - Presenting symptoms of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis in Singapore. AB - A prospective study of 1,258 new cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis was conducted to identify their mode of presentation. About 70% of the patients were symptomatic. Symptom frequency increased with rising age, was higher among females and among those with more extensive disease. A higher proportion of symptomatics was found among the bacillary (83.5%) than among the abacillary (59.4%) cases. Differences in interview technique and composition of the two groups could not account for this large difference. It was suggested that this was due to some of the abacillary cases not being cases of tuberculosis at all. Cough was the most common presenting symptom and was present in 66.1% of bacillary cases. This finding contrasted with that of the 1975 prevalence survey where cough was reported in 24% of bacillary cases. The reasons for this difference was discussed and it was suggested that the proportion of bacillary cases with cough symptoms would be higher than what was previously reported. Cough of more than two weeks duration, weight loss, blood stained sputum and chest pain were more prevalent among tuberculosis patients than in other patients seen by private medical practitioners. It was suggested that a case detection programme based upon this set of symptoms would help identify the epidemiologically more important cases of tuberculosis. Such a programme should complement existing case detection programmes as it would be expected to miss a sizeable proportion of the abacillary cases with minimal pulmonary lesions. PMID- 7025741 TI - The detection of active pulmonary tuberculosis in Singapore. AB - A prospective study was carried out to identify the services which were responsible for detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in Singapore. It was found that the public health services were the sources of 58.8% of cases. Among them the Tuberculosis Control Department detected the largest proportion (25.8%) of cases. These formed the majority of the asymptomatic and a large proportion of the abacillary cases detected. It was suggested that this reflected the result of the Department's active case-finding programme. The private practitioners identified 30% of patients. More than half of them were bacillary cases and they were a significant proportion of all infectious cases detected. Thus while the Department of Tuberculosis Control detected most of the patients with early tuberculosis disease, the bulk of the infectious cases with extensive disease were diagnosed by the private practitioners. Both sectors complement each other in the detection of tuberculosis cases in the country. An improvement and expansion of the existing case detection programme among patients attending the clinics of private practitioners and the Outpatient Service Department's dispensaries was recommended. The way in which this could be done and some of the problems that might be encountered were discussed. PMID- 7025742 TI - A prospective study of group B streptococcal colonization in parturient mothers and their infants. AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the rates of group B streptococcal colonization among parturients within the 24 hours prior to delivery and colonization of their newborns. It was also to identify high risk factors. 204 parturients were randomly selected in the Alexandra Hospital, Singapore. Swabs for culture were taken from the maternal vagina and throat and the neonate's ears, throat and umbilicus. In this study it was found that vaginal colonization in the mother is significantly associated with neonatal colonization. Among the various ethnic groups, Malays and Indians/Pakistanis are at a higher risk of having vaginal colonization. All other factors studied, however, failed to show any influence on neonatal colonization and thus appear to have had no forewarning value. PMID- 7025743 TI - Dengue haemorrhagic fever in Singapore. AB - The history of dengue haemorrhagic fever as distinct from dengue fever in South East Asia is traced. The epidemiology of the disease in the various countries is contrasted with that in Singapore since DHF first appeared on the scene in South East Asia. From this survey, it is concluded that the dengue haemorrhagic fever is a new disease presentation, and its fate in SE Asia depends on the immunological state of the community, attempts at vector control, and probably antigenic variation in the various types of dengue virus. The pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed in detail. Diagnosis is presented with a detailed discussion of diagnosis of the pre-shock stage. Finally, the management of dengue haemorrhagic fever is discussed. PMID- 7025745 TI - Pitcairn Island: fertility and population growth, 1790-1856. AB - The hybrid English-Tahitian community which lived on Pitcairn Island between 1790 and 1856 exhibited a high population growth (3% overall). Unlike some other isolated groups, they did not live long lives (expectation of life at birth was 50.4 years overall for both sexes combined), but infant mortality, at 5.5% of births is lower than might have been expected. The level of marital fertility on Pitcairn was extremely high, higher even than for the Hutterites. Although births outside marriage were uncommon, brides were frequently pregnant at marriage. Age at first marriage changed markedly in response to changes in the community. There is some evidence that premarital sex became more frequent, possibly as an adjustment to Tahitian behavioural norms within the community's English religious ethic. PMID- 7025744 TI - Chemotherapy of malaria. AB - The chemotherapy of malaria is incomplete without taking into consideration the widespread presence of chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria necessitating the use of a combination of antimalarials in order to effect a radical cure. Fortunately, there has been no evidence of chloroquine resistance thus far with P vivax and P malariae. Chloroquine resistant falciparum strains are present in about 85% of patients suffering from falciparum malaria but fortunately over 90 percent of the resistant cases only show a mild degree of resistance of the RI (delayed) type which in the majority of cases responds to larger doses of chloroquine over and above the amount administered in the standard three days regime. A combination of antimalarials is necessary in order to effect a radical cure in chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria. Vivax malaria and malaria due to P malariae best respond to sequential therapy with chloroquine and primaquine. PMID- 7025746 TI - The age of menarche in classical India. AB - Data from the writings of Indian legislators during the period between ca. 500 B.C. and A.D. 500 have been used to study menarcheal age among girls born in classical India. As these legislators were concerned mainly with the upper-caste population, it can be presumed that the recordings obtained are only from upper caste Hindu girls. Throughout the period the age at menarche was about 12 years. A number of legislators considered the best age for conception to be around 16. When these data are compared with those obtained from classical Greece and Rome, the Indian age is found to be about 1-2 years earlier. Comparison of the data from the 19th century and present-day India reveals that the older data are about 0.8-2.2 years earlier when various areas are considered. These results contrast with the downward trend for the age at menarche seen in the industrialized countries during this century. PMID- 7025747 TI - [Effect of inhibition of intestinal glucosidase on protein and energy balance in rats]. AB - In a two-factorial balance trial two dietary protein levels of 12 and 15% the effect of a supplement of 50 mg alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (Bay g 5421) per kilogram food on nutrient digestibility, protein, and energy balance was tested in growing rats. At both protein levels the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor reduced the apparent digestibility of protein by maximal 8 and 4%, those of starch and energy only by 3 and 1%, respectively. With the low protein supply the protein and energy retention was decreased each by 13% when the inhibitor was given. On the basis of metabolizable energy, 6 and 19% less energy in form of protein and fat, respectively, have been deposited compared with the control group. These results may indicate also an effect of the glucosidase inhibitor on the intermediary metabolism. PMID- 7025748 TI - Multiple sclerosis: capping of surface immunoglobulin G on macrophages engaged in myelin breakdown. AB - Macrophages were examined for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and albumin in actively demyelinating lesions in two patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical technique. In both cases, macrophages were present that stained for cytoplasmic or surface IgG or both. In one case, in which the tissue was rapidly fixed in chilled fixative, macrophages located among myelinated nerve fibers at plaque margins, but not elsewhere in the plaque, revealed surface IgG in the form of caps restricted to one or both poles of the cell. These caps were absent in sections stained for albumin. Because capping implies the presence of a multivalent ligand close to the cell surface and because cap formation was observed only in macrophages contacting myelin sheaths, we suggest that antimyelin antibody cytophilic for macrophages may be present in the central nervous system in MS, and that immune ligand-mediated phagocytosis may play a role in myelin breakdown in the disease. This study provides the first direct evidence that IgG participates locally in myelin breakdown in MS. PMID- 7025749 TI - pH-dependent penicillin tolerance of group B streptococci. AB - Group B streptococci lose viability without apparent lysis during treatment with beta-lactam antibiotics and vancomycin. Rapid loss of viability was observed in early-exponential-phase cultures. Cultures in the mid-exponential growth phase exhibited various degrees of resistance to the bactericidal effect of the antibiotics, whereas their susceptibilities to the growth-inhibitory effect remained unchanged. This growth-phase-dependent tolerance was caused by the gradual increase in acidity of the cultures as the cell concentration increased. Retitration of the pH to neutrality made the formerly tolerant bacteria again fully susceptible to the killing effect of penicillin. Conversely, lowering the pH value of the medium resulted in antibiotic tolerance throughout culture growth. The penicillin-binding proteins of whole bacteria and their labeling pattern were found to be independent of culture pH. It is suggested that the mechanism of Ph-dependent tolerance is indirect and may be mediated by an autolysin. The tolerance of group B streptococci for penicillin could be clinically relevant in view of the relatively low pH values known to prevail in the natural host environments colonized by these bacteria. PMID- 7025750 TI - Effect of antimicrobial agents on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte microbicidal function. AB - The effect of 19 antimicrobial agents on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte function was evaluated by chemiluminescence assays, yeast phagocytosis and killing, and lactate dehydrogenase release. Tetracycline and trimethoprim inhibited chemiluminescence and reduced killing at therapeutic concentrations of 2 microgram/ml. Cephalothin inhibited yeast killing at a concentration of 20 microgram/ml, but a significant depression of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemiluminescence was encountered only at higher levels of 200 microgram/ml. The inhibition shown by these drugs was reversible. None of the other antimicrobial agents tested demonstrated inhibition of chemiluminescence, phagocytosis, or killing at usual clinical serum levels. No antimicrobial agent tested caused release of lactate dehydrogenase from polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The results suggest that therapeutic concentrations of tetracycline, trimethoprim, and cephalothin may inhibit optimal polymorphonuclear leukocyte microbicidal function. PMID- 7025751 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy of experimental Escherichia coli meningitis in rabbits. AB - We used two strains of ampicillin-susceptible Escherichia coli to produce meningitis in rabbits and utilized these models (i) to compare the killing effects of parenteral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) and ampicillin on E. coli in cerebrospinal fluid after 8 h of treatment and (ii) to measure the penetration of TMP-SMZ and ampicillin into cerebrospinal fluid and the brain. At 16 h after intracisternal inoculation with a test strain, rabbits were treated with TMP (6 mg/kg per h) and SMZ (30 mg/kg per h), ampicillin (40 mg/kg per h), or saline intravenously for 8 h. TMP-SMZ levels were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and ampicillin levels were measured by microbiological assay. Mean +/- standard deviation concentrations of TMP, SMZ, and ampicillin in cerebrospinal fluid (mean percent penetration) at the completion of 8 h of therapy were 0.80 +/- 0.41 (18%), 15.7 +/- 21.1 (27.2%), and 2.6 +/- 1.7 (8.9%) microgram/ml, respectively. TMP, SMZ, and ampicillin levels in brain homogenate after 8 h of therapy were 0.23 +/- 0.07 (6.6%), 3.31 +/- 3.3 (5.5%), and 0.6 +/- 4.53 (1.9%) microgram/g, respectively. TMP-SMZ infusion for 8 h produced a significant reduction in mean bacterial counts in cerebrospinal fluid in both models of meningitis compared with saline controls. The decrease in mean bacterial counts with TMP-SMZ therapy was equivalent to that produced by ampicillin. PMID- 7025752 TI - Inhibition of aminoglycoside activity in heparin. AB - Measurements of aminoglycosides by an agar disk diffusion assay are inhibited by heparin in a dose-dependent way. When assayed by a homogeneous immunoassay, this was only evident for tobramycin. This indicates that specimens for aminoglycoside measurement should not be obtained in heparinized tubes. When heparin is used clinically as an anticoagulant, the amount in blood does not reach levels that affect the aminoglycoside activity. PMID- 7025753 TI - Physiological response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to 15-azasterol-mediated growth inhibition. AB - We studied 15-aza-24-methylene-8,14-cholestadiene-3 beta-ol (15-azasterol) inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of this drug caused S. cerevisiae cells to undergo a transient period of inhibition at midlog phase. During growth inhibition the turbidity of each culture remained constant, as did the total cell number. Although the proportion of viable cells in cultures decreased from 90 to 12% during inhibition, methylene blue staining showed that less than 40% of the cells underwent metabolic inactivation. We monitored adenosine triphosphate levels throughout the inhibition cycle, and these levels followed kinetics identical to cell growth kinetics. After overcoming inhibition, cellular lipid extracts revealed the presence of a modified form of 15-azasterol. It appeared that the yeast cells were able to overcome 15-azasterol inhibition by an inactivating transmethylation reaction involving S-adenosylmethionine. PMID- 7025754 TI - Susceptibility of group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus isolates to penicillin and erythromycin. AB - We have reevaluated the antibiotic susceptibilities of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci in view of recent reports of a high prevalence of erythromycin resistance in Japan and of an increase in penicillin treatment failures in the United States. A total of 474 isolates recovered during a 2- to 3-month period in 1980 were tested. All were susceptible by microtiter broth dilution to a penicillin concentration of less than or equal to 0.03 micrograms/ml (minimal inhibitory concentration), and 473 were killed by less than or equal to 0.06 micrograms/ml (minimal inhibitory concentration). Erythromycin minimal inhibitory concentrations showed a bimodal distribution: 95% were less than or equal to 0.06 micrograms/ml, and 5% were greater than or equal to 1 microgram/ml. Of the minimal bactericidal concentrations, 21% were greater than or equal to 1 microgram/ml and 3% were greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. Group A beta hemolytic streptococci remain susceptible to the inhibitory and bactericidal actions of penicillin, thus providing no in vitro explanation for the bacteriological relapses reported in some clinical studies. Unlike the Japanese experience, only 5% of our isolates were resistant to erythromycin (minimal inhibitory concentration, greater than or equal to 1 microgram/ml); however, 22% were tolerant (ratio of minimal inhibitory/bactericidal concentrations, greater than or equal to 32). PMID- 7025755 TI - Evaluation of standard and modified M-FC, MacConkey, and Teepol media for membrane filtration counting of fecal coliforms in water. AB - MacConkey agar, standard M-FC agar, M-FC agar without rosolic acid, M-FC agar with a resuscitation top layer, Teepol agar, and pads saturated with Teepol broth, were evaluated as growth media for membrane filtration counting of fecal coliform bacteria in water. In comparative tests on 312 samples of water from a wide variety of sources, including chlorinated effluents, M-FC agar without rosolic acid proved the medium of choice because it generally yielded the highest counts, was readily obtainable, easy to prepare and handle, and yielded clearly recognizable fecal coliform colonies. Identification of 1,139 fecal coliform isolates showed that fecal coliform tests cannot be used to enumerate Escherichia coli because the incidence of E. coli among fecal coliforms varied from an average of 51% for river water to 93% for an activated sludge effluent after chlorination. The incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae among fecal coliforms varied from an average of 4% for the activated sludge effluent after chlorination to 32% for the river water. The advantages of a standard membrane filtration procedure for routine counting of fecal coliforms in water using M-FC agar without rosolic acid as growth medium, in the absence of preincubation or resuscitation steps, are outlined. PMID- 7025756 TI - Rapid chemotaxis assay using radioactively labeled bacterial cells. AB - A rapid chemotaxis assay is described in which radioactively labeled cells of the assay organism are used to detect the number of cells trapped in capillaries containing attractant. The sensitivity and reproducibility of the radioactive technique is comparable to that of the dilution plating procedure of Adler (J. Adler, J. Gen. Microbiol. 17:77-91, 1973), but is faster and also permits the results of the assay to be determined on the day that the assay is run. The method could be particularly useful for environmental studies and for field experiments, since it does not rely on sterile techniques for dilution plating. PMID- 7025757 TI - Precision of the all-glass impinger and the andersen microbial impactor for air sampling in solid-waste handling facilities. AB - A method was devised to determine the precision of the all-glass impinger and the Andersen six-stage microbial impactor over a wide range of aerosol concentrations like those found in facilities which process solid waste. Simultaneous samples were collected inside a municipal solid-waste recovery system, and the data were treated statistically to estimate the precision of each air-sampling device. All glass impingers yielded colony counts which indicated a linear relationship between samplers over an observed aerosol concentration of 1.1 X 10(3) to 2.8 X 10(7) colony-forming units per m3 of air. Impactors also yielded colony counts which indicated a linear relationship over an observed aerosol concentration range of 3.9 X 10(3) to 1.9 X 10(5) colony-forming units per m3 of air. The coefficients of variation for the all-glass impinger and the six-stage impactor in an environment with a high and variable dust level were determined to be 0.38 and 0.23, respectively. PMID- 7025758 TI - Binding of metals to cell envelopes of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - As representative of gram-negative bacteria, the isolated and purified envelopes of an Escherichia coli K-12 strain were used to determine metal-binding capacity. The envelopes were suspended in 5 mM metal solutions for 10 min and 23 degrees C, separated and washed by centrifugation, and analyzed for metal by either atomic absorption or X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Of 32 metals tested, large amounts (> 0.9 mumol/mg [dry weight]) of Hf and Os, intermediate amounts (0.1 to 0.4 mumol/mg [dry weight]) of Pb, Zn, Zr, Fe III, Mn, Mo, Mg, Co, and Ce IV, and small amounts (< 0.1 mumol/mg [dry weight]) of Na, K, Rb, Ca, Sr, Cu, Sc, La, Pr, Sm, U, Fe II, Ru, Ni, Hg, Pt, Pd, Au, and In were detected Li and V were not bound to the envelopes. Electron microscopy of unstained, thin-sectioned material provided an electron-scattering profile for localizing the bound metal within the envelope. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis of thin sections detected all metals in single envelope vesicles. These data suggest that most metal deposition occurred at the polar head group regions of the constituent membranes or along the peptidoglycan layer. No leaching of envelope components was detected by monitoring radioactive probes within the lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan layers during metal uptake experiments, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins from metal-loaded envelopes, or protein and carbohydrate determinations on the wash fluids. These results suggest that membrane integrity was not disturbed under these ionic conditions. PMID- 7025759 TI - Gallus domestica yolk (vitelline) membrane use for in vitro microbial adherence studies. AB - The yolk membrane of unfertilized eggs (Gallus domestica) was isolated, washed, placed onto a glass holder, and utilized as an in vitro membrane model to study yeast attachment. PMID- 7025760 TI - Bacterial adherence to polystyrene: a replica method of screening for bacterial hydrophobicity. AB - A simple replica method is described for the rapid identification of colonies of bacteria which adhere to polystyrene. A correlation was found between the adherence of bacterial strains to polystyrene and cell surface hydrophobicity, suggesting the use of this technique in screening for cell surface mutants and in the isolation of hydrophobic bacteria from nature. PMID- 7025761 TI - Proteolytic enzymes from the mouse submaxillary gland: a partial sequence and demonstration of spontaneous cleavages. PMID- 7025762 TI - Malacoplakia of skin and subcutaneous tissue in a renal transplant recipient. PMID- 7025763 TI - Childhood pemphigus initially seen as eosinophilic spongiosis. AB - The condition of a 3-year-old boy with an intermittent, generalized, bullous eruption was initially diagnosed as (and treated as) bullous impetigo. After a relapse, two skin biopsies were performed. Each biopsy specimen showed the changes of eosinophilic spongiosis. A third biopsy specimen was also examined by direct immunofluorescence microscopy. The specimen showed deposition of IgG in the intercellular region of the epidermis. The patient's serum contained intercellular antibodies in a dilution of 1:160, confirming the diagnosis of pemphigus. A biopsy should be performed in the case of a child with a persistent or recurring bullous eruption; immunofluorescence microscopy of the biopsy is essential. PMID- 7025764 TI - Serum levels of pregnancy specific protein SP-1 in suspected ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 7025765 TI - [Phase contrast microscopy of renal tubular cells in urinary sediment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025766 TI - [Ocular complications of onchocercosis]. PMID- 7025767 TI - [Epidemiology of Bancroft's filariasis in Africa, Asia and Oceania]. PMID- 7025768 TI - Long-term survival and function after cardiac transplantation. AB - Cardiac transplantation now permits prolonged survival for some patients with otherwise fatal heart disease. This report summarizes the hemodynamic and clinical characteristics of 25 patients who have survived five or more years after cardiac replacement. The average age of the patients at the time of operation was 40 +/- 10 (SD) years; 23 were men. The average duration of survival is 6.7 years, and ranges from five to 10.5 years. Annual cardiac catheterization and clinical follow-up were performed to assess systolic cardiac function, coronary anatomy, and quality of extended rehabilitation. We found that among these long-term survivors, the left ventricular ejection fraction remained constant (0.59 +/- 0.08 one year postoperatively, 0.57 +/- 0.09 at most recent study, p = ns). Segmental wall motion measured by fluoroscopic examination of midwall intramyocardial markers also remained normal. Four of 21 (19%) patients with complete longitudinal studies developed significant graft coronary artery disease. Clinical evaluation revealed that the long-term survivors required fewer than one unscheduled admission to the hospital per year. Sixteen of 25 patients (64%) were gainfully employed, and 22 of 25 (88%) enjoyed substantial benefit in terms of extended rehabilitation. These 25 long-term survivors represent 27% of 92 patients transplanted between 1968 and 1975. The actuarial survival rate at five years, of patients transplanted since 1975, is 40 +/- 5%. This increase in survival rate reflects improved techniques of early postoperative management. Cardiac transplantation now offers prolonged survival with good quality of life for selected patients with terminal heart disease. PMID- 7025769 TI - Effect of prophylactic antibiotics in acute nonperforated appendicitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical study. AB - A prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical study was performed to determined the efficacy of short-term (24 hr) perioperative antibiotics in preventing septic complications after emergency appendectomy for nonperforated appendicitis. The patients were stratified into three clinical arms: Group I (placebo, n = 45), Group II (cefamandole, n = 46) and Group III (cefamandole plus carbenicillin, n = 45). The three groups of patients were similar in regard to age, sex, duration of operation and pathologic classification of the appendix. The overall incidence of infection in the study was 5.1%. The infection rates in Groups II (2.2%) and III (0%) were significantly lower than Group I (placebo) (13.3%), (p less than 0.05). No difference was observed between cefamandole alone and cefamandole plus carbenicillin. Average postoperative hospital days per patient for each group was: Group I - 3.8 days; Group II - 2.9 days; Group III - 3.1 days. Cost analysis of hospitalization including cost of prophylactic antibiotics revealed a $247.99 per patient saving for Group II versus Group I and $95.53 for Group III versus Group I. Systemic prophylactic antibiotics can successfully reduce septic complications after appendectomy for nonperforated appendicitis, and a single drug (cefamandole) directed at the facultative pathogens is as effective as double drug therapy, which includes specific anaerobic coverage. PMID- 7025770 TI - Acute bleeding varices: a five-year prospective evaluation of tamponade and sclerotherapy. AB - In a five-year study of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 143 patients had esophageal varices diagnosed on emergency endoscopic examination. Seventy-one patients had active bleeding from varices and required Sengstaken tube tamponade during at least one hospital admission. The remaining patients included 33 with variceal bleeding which had stopped and 39 who were bleeding from another source. Sixty-six of the former group of 71 patients were referred for emergency injection sclerotherapy. These 66 patients were followed prospectively to August 1980, and had 137 episodes of endoscopically proven variceal bleeding requiring Sengstaken tube control followed by injection sclerotherapy during 93 separate hospital admissions. Definitive control of hemorrhage was achieved in 95% the patients admitted to the hospital (single injection 70%; two or three injections 22%). The death rate per hospital admission was 28%. No patient died of continued variceal bleeding, and exsanguinating variceal hemorrhage no longer poses a major problem at our hospital. The combined use of initial Sengstaken tube tamponade followed by injection sclerotherapy has simplified emergency treatment in the group of patients who continue to bleed actively from esophageal varices, despite initial conservative treatment. PMID- 7025771 TI - Delayed sternal closure following open-heart operation. AB - Between June, 1976, and December, 1980, 29 patients underwent delayed sternal closure at the Newark Beth Israel Medical Center. The indications were enlarged heart with tamponade when the mediastinum was closed, poor lung compliance, hemodynamic instability due to intractable arrhythmias or coagulopathy, and presence of a mediastinal assist device. Following an open-heart procedure, the retrosternal space may no longer accommodate the heart and approximation of the sternum will produce hypotension and elevation of right and left end-diastolic pressures. In such instances, only the skin is closed and between one to four days later, the wound is closed in a routine manner. There are several advantages of the procedure: hemodynamic stability; quick access to the heart for massage or evacuation of clots; and possibility of removing an intraaortic balloon in the ascending aorta without leaving a large Dacron tube. Of the 29 patients treated, 19 were long-term survivors and only 1 patient had a minor superficial wound infection. Although it is not recommended that this procedure be utilized routinely or indiscriminately, its judicious use will add flexibility in the management of selected and difficult cases. PMID- 7025772 TI - Distribution of inhibin in testes of neonatal, pubertal, and adult rats. PMID- 7025773 TI - Androgen transport proteins: physical properties, hormonal regulation, and possible mechanism of TeBG and ABP action. AB - The physical properties and hormonal regulation of testosterone estradiol binding globulin (TeBG) and androgen binding protein (ABP) are reviewed. Brief mention is made of prostatic binding protein. The discussion focuses on the mechanism of action for these proteins in androgen secretion, transport, and absorption and androgen binding models. Speculations are presented for the functional significance of these proteins. PMID- 7025774 TI - [Bacteriological study of the Tunisian coastal water quality for bathing]. PMID- 7025775 TI - Cardiovascular effects of intravenous tolmesoxide in hypertensive patients. AB - Tolmesoxide, a potent vasodilating compound, was infused intravenously (0.5 to 3.5 mg/kg b.w., rate of infusion: 2.5 to 10.0 mg/min during 7--25 min, 2 or 3 successive infusions separated by a 30 min rest period) in 7 hypertensive patients. An abrupt fall in blood pressure and heart rate occurred in 4 patients whereas 2 patients exhibited almost no hemodynamic response. The remaining case suffering from renovascular hypertension responded with a progressive dose dependent decrease in blood pressure. No obvious correlation could be demonstrated between the drug plasma levels (ranging between 1.0 and 11.1 microgram/ml) and the hemodynamic effects among the 7 patients studied. PMID- 7025776 TI - Therapy for acute and chronic hepatitis. AB - Review of therapy for acute and chronic hepatitis indicates no available medication is effective in acute, severe acute, or fulminant hepatitis. Management should include observation in acute hepatitis and meticulous medical care in severe acute and fulminant hepatitis. The only patients with chronic active hepatitis in whom steroid therapy has been shown effective are those who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG) negative and have symptomatic disease with morphologically severe lesions. Insufficient data have been generated to determine the need for and response to therapy in patients with asymptomatic or mild HBsAG-negative or HBsAG-positive disease or symptomatic, severe HBsAG positive disease. Among the more novel therapies being evaluated, transfer factor and levamisole do not hold great promise. In contrast, antiviral chemotherapy with interferon and vidarabine may benefit patients with chronic hepatitis B, but this remains to be better defined. Finally, it has become apparent how crucial to objective evaluation is the properly executed randomized controlled trial. In the future, we can look forward to new therapy modes based on a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of acute and chronic hepatitis. PMID- 7025777 TI - Metronidazole vs clindamycin treatment of anerobic pulmonary infection. Failure of metronidazole therapy. AB - Metronidazole has important in vitro bactericidal activity against strict anaerobic bacteria and has been used successfully in the treatment of infection due to these organisms. In this randomized study, the efficacy of metronidazole was compared with clindamycin in the treatment of patients with anaerobic lung abscess or necrotizing pneumonia. Six patients with lung abscesses and one with necrotizing pneumonia received metronidazole; six patients with lung abscesses, three with necrotizing pneumonia, and one with pneumonia and empyema received clindamycin. Three patients with lung abscesses and one with necrotizing pneumonia failed to respond to metronidazole treatment. One clindamycin-treated patient died of causes unrelated to antibiotic therapy. The results of this study suggest that metronidazole treatment of anaerobic pulmonary infections is less effective than currently available therapy. PMID- 7025778 TI - The long-term effects of probucol on serum lipid levels. AB - Probucol, a serum cholesterol-lowering agent, was studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial for one year in 118 hypercholesterolemic men. The mean decrease in the level of serum cholesterol in the probucol group (N = 88) from baseline for months 6 through 12 ranged from 16.2% to 20.9%. The mean decrease from baseline for the placebo-treated patients (N = 30) ranged from 5.2% to 12.7%. The difference between the groups was highly significant. At the end of this one-year trial, 61 of the probucol-treated patients continued receiving therapy in an open trial for up to seven years. After the second year of probucol treatment, the reduction in serum cholesterol levels ranged from 23.1% to 27.4% and was subsequently maintained. The present report shows that probucol is safe and effective for the long-term lowering of serum cholesterol levels in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 7025779 TI - Primary disseminated herpes simplex infection with fulminant hepatitis following renal transplantation. AB - A patient had disseminated herpes simplex, type 1, virus infection manifested by fulminant hepatitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The diagnosis was established by isolation of the virus from throat, urine, and buffy coat and confirmed at autopsy by the visualization of typical inclusions, demonstration of herpesvirus particles by electron microscopy, and specific immunoperoxidase staining. Therapy with vidarabine did not alter the fatal course. On the basis of clinical features and serologic results, the case represented a disseminated primary infection with herpes simplex, rather than reactivation of an endogenous infection, following renal transplantation. PMID- 7025780 TI - [A study of non-specific immunity of whole body irradiated mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025781 TI - [Diarrhea in young calves. 4. Redox potential of the gastrointestinal tract of clinically healthy calves, and calves with spontaneous diarrhea, experimental Escherichia coli infection, and cyclophosphamide treatment]. AB - The redox potential (ROP) dropped strongly in a calf, from two hours after birth to 48 hours of age. The drop in the colon was more strongly pronounced than that in the small intestine. -The Eh values recorded throughout the small intestine of clinically intact calves, aged between four and ten days, were more negative than those in the stomach. The most negative ROP values, which differed with significance from those of all proximal gastro-intestinal sections, were recorded from the caecum. -Intracolonic negativation of ROP in calves, during the first hours of life, must be attributed to progressing germ population. The same relationship is borne out clearly by a pronounced rise in anaerobic germ count accompanied by significant ROP negativation in the colon. -Growing age was accompanied by drastic change in ROP values throughout the gastro-intestinal tract. Calves aged between six and nine weeks were compared to animals aged between four and ten days. ROP values in stomach, proximal and distal jejunum as well as in the ileum of the former group were negative with significance, whereas ROP values in the caecum and colon of the same group were more positive. -Animals with diarrhoea exhibited significant ROP deviations only in the ileum. They were more negative, as compared to clinically intact calves aged between four and ten days. Pathophysiological intestinal disorders which could be measured via ROP were found to play no role at all in the genesis and course of diarrhoea of calf. -No pronounced gastro-intestinal ROP deviations were exhibited by calves with experimentally induced Escherichia coli infection and manifest coli dysentery nor by animals which received cyclophosphamide treatment. PMID- 7025782 TI - [Formation of surfactant in the fetus and newborn infant]. PMID- 7025783 TI - Epidemiology of affective disorders. A reexamination and future directions. AB - Epidemiologic studies of depression have been difficult to interpret because of differing case definitions and variation in diagnostic procedures between studies. We review data from recent epidemiologic studies in which the new research diagnostic techniques were used. We have divided the data into studies of depressive symptoms, bipolar disorder, and nonbipolar depression. An effort is made to integrate the findings of older studies in light of this new classification. Using this classification, there is less variation in epidemiologic rates (point prevalence, incidence, and lifetime risk) than has been noted in previous reviews. Future directions of research are also discussed. PMID- 7025785 TI - [Historical outline of the military health service during the November Uprising]. PMID- 7025784 TI - Cognitive dysfunction and imipramine in outpatient depressive. AB - A group of moderately depressed, nonpsychotic outpatients had impaired performance on a short-term item-recognition memory task (compared with a group of matched normal controls) without evidence of impaired speed or attention on two simpler tasks. Compared with placebo, treatment with imipramine hydrochloride in a multiple crossover design using three-week treatment periods led to improved performance on the memory task without either clinically apparent improvement in depression or significantly improved performance on the other task rather than a specific impairment of short-term memory, but the data do support the presence of cognitive dysfunction in depression, even in ambulatory patients without substantial impairments of attention or motor functioning. The results also indicate that antidepressant drugs can produce improvement in cognitive function, possibly as a forerunner of clinical improvement. PMID- 7025786 TI - [Medical service uniforms of the Polish Army during the time of the Polish empire and during the 1830-1831 war]. PMID- 7025787 TI - [Antimechanistic materialism in the 18th century philosophy of medicine. G. E. Stahl (1659-1734) and animism]. PMID- 7025788 TI - [Institute of the History of Medicine in Lvov. Chronicles of 1942-1944]. PMID- 7025789 TI - [Archival materials of the health service in Modlin Fortress at the time of the November Uprising]. PMID- 7025790 TI - Immunochromatographic purification of Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus. AB - The method of immunoadsorptional purification of Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus has been worked out. Immunosorbents were obtained by coupling the antibody (IgG) fraction isolated from anti-BYMV and anti-pea leaf protein antisera with CNBr activated 1% agarose beads. Conditions for preparation of immunosorbents, for BYMV adsorption and elution as well as the method of plant protein separation from BYMV were pointed out. The purity of BYMV was checked by double immunodiffusion as well as by SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Also biological activity was determined. TMV was used as the model virus for further BYMV studies. PMID- 7025791 TI - The T-dependent and T-independent humoral immune response in cobra venom treated mice. AB - The humoral immune response to T-dependent antigens (SRBC, DNP5BSA, DNP50BSA, DNP KLH) and T-independent antigens (SIII, Levan, DNP-SIII, DNP-Levan) was studied by hemolytic plaque assay in mice depleted of C3 by Cobra venom treatment. Suppression of the immune response in C3 depleted animals was not restricted only to T-dependent response and also the response to some T-dependent antigens (DNP50 BSA, DNP-KLH) was not suppressed under conditions of the experiment. Results are discussed in relation to postulated exclusive role of C3 in the induction of T dependent immune response. PMID- 7025792 TI - Spontaneous production of lymphocyte migration inhibitory factor (sLyMIF) by T and B lymphocytes from peripheral rabbit blood. AB - Nonstimulated 24 h cultures of lymphocytes from rabbit peripheral blood, as well as isolated rabbit T and B lymphocytes release into the culture medium a factor inhibiting migration of T and B lymphocytes (LyMIF). Synthesis of the factor can be blocked by puromycin. The stimulatory factor for B lymphocyte migration (LyMSF) can also be produced in T lymphocyte cultures. The synthesis of both factors occurs in suspensions containing monocytes, as well as in those lacking monocytes. PMID- 7025793 TI - Studies on virulence of Shigella flexneri. Protective effect of outer membrane proteins. AB - Groups of mice were immunized intraperitoneally with proteins isolated from outer membrane of virulent strain of Shigella flexneri 3a and its avirulent variant. All the animals were found to survive challenge with LD100 of virulent Sh. flexneri 3a. Similar protective effect against challenge with Sh. flexneri 3a gave also immunization of mice with outer membrane proteins isolated from Sh. flexneri of other serotypes (2a, 4a, 6, and X) and from Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei and Shigella sonnei. PMID- 7025794 TI - Determination of botulinum toxin type by the reaction of indirect hemagglutination inhibition. AB - Results of investigations are reported which confirm the possibility of in vitro serological determination of the types of botulinus toxins and tracing the antigen mosaic of the preparations containing mixtures of soluble antigens of these toxins. This possibility has been opened by an appropriate combination in the arrangement of the reaction of inhibition of the antigenic indirect hemagglutination. PMID- 7025795 TI - Allograft membranous glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7025796 TI - Festschrift to Dr. Samuel R. Powers, Jr. September 25, 1919 - March 27, 1980. PMID- 7025797 TI - Dr Powers, the man. PMID- 7025798 TI - Pancreatic polypeptide. A review. AB - Pancreatic polypeptide (PP), 36-amino acid peptide, may function as an important feedback inhibitor of pancreatic secretion after a meal. It arises from both islet and acinar cells of the pancreas. Release of PP by a meal, primarily protein, occurs in a biphasic manner. The first rapid release occurs as a result of vagal stimulation; the second, more prolonged rise (the so-called intestinal phase) occurs in response to hormonal stimulation, predominantly cholecystokinin. Plasma PP levels increase with age; PP levels are elevated above those of age controlled normal subjects in diabetic patients and in some patients with pancreatic amine precursor uptake decarboxylase tumors. The value of plasma PP as a possible marker for pancreatic tumors is as yet unsettled but may be a valuable tool. PMID- 7025799 TI - Membrane defect and energy status of rabbit skeletal muscle cells in sepsis and septic shock. AB - Measurements of the resting membrane potential in skeletal muscle were used to monitor cell function in live Escherichia coli-induced sepsis and septic shock. Depolarization of the cell membrane, indicative of cell swelling, occurred before the onset of deep hypotension, suggesting cellular injury as a primary cause rather than a result of shock. The normal values for high-energy phosphates found in skeletal muscle in the terminal stages of shock reduce the possibility of an energy deficit as one of the factors in the cellular membrane malfunctions in septic shock. PMID- 7025800 TI - Alterations in cell function with ischemia and shock and their correction. AB - Progressive cell injury occurs with shock and ischemia, beginning with functional changes in the cell and cell membrane. Membrane transport and potential decrease, Na+ enters and K+ leaves cells; N+-K+ adenosine triphosphatase is activated, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used, and mitochondria are stimulated as increased lactate produces acidosis. Energy and cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels decrease, Ca2+ regulation is compromised, and nuclear function and protein synthesis are depressed. The cell swells, and further membrane changes occur with altered hormonal effects and mitochondrial uncoupling. Finally, lysosomes leak, intracellular and mitochondria disruption occurs, and the cell is destroyed. Based on these changes, attempts were made to directly support cell function during low-flow states. After volume replacement and vasoactive agents, other modalities, eg, substrates, membrane-stabilizing solutions, osmotic agents, and energy compounds were used. The use of ATP-MgCl2 was helpful in many experimental low-flow states, with an improvement in cell function mediated by micro circulatory, cell membrane, or energy-recycling effects. Clinical examples of altered cell and organ function with ischemia and shock are numerous and play a critical role in the development of multiple systems failure. The potential for biochemical support and correction of these problems is now recognized. Benefits have already been achieved in myocardial preservation during cardiac operations, kidney preservation for transplantation, and circulatory and metabolic support of the injured and septic patient. PMID- 7025802 TI - [Procedure for producing permanent preparations stained by the Coons method]. PMID- 7025801 TI - Past and future prospects of orthoptic liver transplantation. AB - The hopes for liver transplantation have been increased by experience with the new immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A. Optimal therapy with cyclosporin A has required steroid therapy, but the amounts of prednisone used have been a small fraction of those used in the past. PMID- 7025803 TI - [Aleksandr Grigor'evich Korotkov (on his 60th birthday)]. PMID- 7025804 TI - [Dynamics of tissue reactions following allotransplantation of a complete thickness skin flap in mice. 1. Epidermis and its derivatives]. AB - A complete skin graft (1.5 x 2.5 cm) from mice C3H was transplanted to mice C57Bl. Destructive changes in epidermis and its cells were accompanied by its infiltration with lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes. After these phenomena intensified, signs of epithelial regeneration appeared at the expense of cambial elements in the area of hairy follicles an sebaceous glands. In response to the epithelial regeneration, lymphocytic infiltration increased, that was followed by destruction of a greater part (but not all) cells of the regenerate. Then another, though a weak, wave of regeneration occurred with a corresponding increase in number of viable epithelial cells was noted on the 66th, 164th and 226th h, and increase -- on the 94--104th and 194th h after the operation. That demonstrated certain rhythmicity in the rejection with the period of about 4 days. PMID- 7025805 TI - Beyond Medicaid. PMID- 7025806 TI - [Types of filariasis]. AB - On the basis of the work in tropical Africa the authors describe the diseases little known in the Soviet Union: wuchereriosis and onchocerciasis. Wide international contacts with countries of hot climate (Asia, Africa, America) as well as the possibility of infection of Soviet people living in these regions for long periods do not exclude importation of these highly communicable diseases into the country. The epidemiology, clinical patterns and pathological anatomy of wuchereriosis and onchocerciasis are presented briefly. Recommendations are given on the diagnosis of these diseases. As their clinical picture is not typical, these diseases can be diagnosed only by morphological studies. PMID- 7025807 TI - [Aleksandra Ivanovna Smirnova-Zamkova (on the centenary of her birth)]. PMID- 7025808 TI - [Viral lesions of the heart as a cause of sudden death]. AB - The increasing frequency of sudden cardiac death of young subjects, adolescents and children which cannot be associated with ischemic heart disease makes one turn in virological and serological investigations. The later sometimes permit a conclusion of the etiological role of Coxsackie and some other viruses in the development of severe acute or chronic myocarditis. PMID- 7025809 TI - [Epithelial-stromal index: a method for the rapid assessment the state of digestive tract mucosa]. PMID- 7025810 TI - Experimental tooth ankylosis and horizontal tooth movement in the pig. PMID- 7025811 TI - Successful treatment of Candida albicans endophthalmitis with intravitreal amphotericin B. PMID- 7025812 TI - Results of penetrating keratoplasty using a double running suture technique. AB - The results of 84 consecutive penetrating keratoplasties in which a double running suture technique was used are presented herein. The second suture was smaller, looser, and more superficial than the first, causing less corneal distortion, thus allowing better visual acuity. The two sutures were removed at two and 12 months after transplantation. The visual acuities attained were almost as good at three months as at 13 months, and the graft curvature did not change notably from three to 12 months after keratoplasty. There were only two instances of postoperative wound dehiscence (2.4%). Thus, the double running suture technique allowed early visual rehabilitation without increasing the risk of corneal dehiscence from early suture removal. PMID- 7025813 TI - Ultrastructure of human lenticles in keratophakia. AB - Three patients experienced technical failures from their keratophakia procedures and their lenticles were removed at intervals of three days, 2 1/2 months, and nine months, respectively, postoperatively. All three lenticles displayed, by both light and electron microscopy, degeneration of their keratocytes without any evidence of repopulation by the host's keratocytes. Small increases in amorphous material were noted between the collagen fibrils, but the stromal lamellae were otherwise well preserved and oriented. There was not clear evidence of new collagen production at the edges of the lenticles. One failure was caused by the mistaken inclusion of Descemet's membrane in the lenticle. Another specimen with epithelial ingrowth also displayed degeneration of the collagen fibrils along one edge; this degeneration was possibly the result of collagenase activity. PMID- 7025814 TI - Preparation of small temporal bones for high-resolution light microscopy. AB - A technique was used for rapid processing of small temporal bones for high resolution light microscopy, Temporal bones were decalcified in edetic acid and embedded in glycol methacrylate. Sections (thickness, 1 micrometer) were stained with a variety of stains that demonstrated cellular details not usually seen with conventional methods. This technique is suitable for routine histologic, histochemical, and radioautographic studies of small temporal bones. PMID- 7025815 TI - The treatment of some disorders of the maxillo-mandibular apparatus. I. Congenital disorders. PMID- 7025816 TI - Marginal fracture of amalgam restorations. A review. PMID- 7025817 TI - The bond strength of polycarboxylic acid cements to dentine: effect of surface modification and time after extraction. PMID- 7025818 TI - Acute diarrhoea in adults. PMID- 7025819 TI - Laser therapy of bleeding peptic ulcers. PMID- 7025820 TI - The Australian National Blood Pressure Study. PMID- 7025821 TI - Dr. John Hutchinson: the inventor of the spirometer. PMID- 7025822 TI - Bovine beta-lactoglobulin E, F and G Bali (Banteng) cattle, Bos (Bibos) javanicus. PMID- 7025823 TI - Hypothalamic-pituitary function in normal ewes and ewes which grazed oestrogenic subterranean clover for several years. AB - Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were measure in normal Merino ewes and in Merino ewes with lowered fertility which had resulted from prolonged grazing of Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. Dinninup. During the anoestrous season, LH was measured at frequent intervals before and following administration of oestradiol-17 beta or gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), and around the time of spontaneous oestrus. All ewes responded to GnRH treatment and there were no differences between the two groups in terms of the amount of LH released or the time to reach maximal plasma hormone concentration. Comparable proportions of ewes from both groups responded to oestradiol-17 beta treatment with LH levels showing initially a negative feedback response (i.e. suppression to approximately 80% of pretreatment levels) followed by positive feedback response. During the positive feedback phase, the quantity of LH which was released was comparable in both groups; however, the time interval over which this hormone was secreted was significantly shorter for clover-infertile ewes (P less than 0.05). During the anoestrous season the mean LH level was lower in normal ewes than in clover infertile ewes [0.45 +/- 0.41 (n = 32) versus 0.82 +/- 0.73 (n = 48 ng/ml, P less than 0.01]. In the oestrous season the mean LH level for normal ewes rose to 1.23 +/- 0.65 ng/ml (n = 76) but there was no change for the clover-infertile ewes (0.77 +/- 0.59 ng/ml, n = 73). These experiments indicate that in the clover infertile ewe LH concentration remains static throughout the breeding and non breeding seasons but the results suggest that this altered endocrine status in not due to any differing level of sensitivity to negative feedback effects of oestradiol-17 beta as compared with normal ewes. PMID- 7025824 TI - Tonsillectomy and autoantibodies in patients with habitual tonsillitis. AB - Tonsillectomy is virtually a routine operation now for ENT surgeons, but its immunological evaluation is still obscure. We have carried out an investigation in 57 patients who visited our clinic, with reference to autoantibodies by the immunofluorescence technique. We found autoantibodies at a higher frequency after tonsillectomy than before tonsillectomy in the young age group. There are studies that report close correlation of autoantibodies and malignancy. Since there are few reports that mention the relationship of the presence of autoantibodies and tonsillectomy, we have emphasized here careful follow-up of the patients from this standpoint. PMID- 7025825 TI - Anterior segment vitrectomy. PMID- 7025826 TI - A new corneal punch for grafting. PMID- 7025827 TI - Keratoplasty following anterior segment trauma. AB - This paper reports and analyses 20 keratoplasties with or without anterior segment reconstruction carried out for penetrating injuries of the anterior segment. The results show that 80% clear grafts were achieved and 65% of eyes had vision restored to 6/18 or better. No eyes were lost. The complications were retinal detachments 2 cases, corneal graft rejection 2 cases, glaucoma 4 cases (2 mild and easily controlled) and one each of amblyopia and retinal folds through macular area. Eyes that have "quietened" following severe penetrating injuries of the anterior segment should be considered for penetrating keratoplasty and anterior segment reconstruction if they retain normal intraocular pressures and have vision of at least accurate projection of light in all quadrants. As well as achieving clear grafts and improvement of vision as above, all eyes had better cosmetic appearance. Two eyes had an ipsilateral rotational autokeratoplasty. This technique has a role to play when central scarring can be rotated to the periphery if sufficient undamaged cornea remains and interference with angle structures can be minimised. PMID- 7025828 TI - Evaluation of the safety of storage medium for corneal transplants. AB - The results of 27 keratoplasties done at the Royal Adelaide Hospital were analysed. The success rate of the graft was similar whether storage was as whole eyes (60%) or corneo-scleral rims (65%). A modified McCarey-Kaufman medium has been used for 2 years to store the corneo-scleral rims. Phenol red has been added as an indicator of pH change and probable bacterial contamination. Laboratory experiments contaminating this medium with potential pathogens have shown that the indicator is valueless for this purpose. Several antibiotics, alone and in combination, and at varying temperatures of storage, were tested in experiments. None could be relied on to sterilise the media of the inoculated bacteria. Whole eyes are stored in moist chambers containing normal saline with penicillin plus streptomycin which is less able to support bacterial growth. Similar challenge experiments showed that normal saline is not sterilised by the penicillin plus streptomycin. PMID- 7025829 TI - The selection of air traffic control specialists: history and review of contributions by the Civil Aeromedical Institute, 1960-80. AB - For two decades, the FAA Civil Aeromedical Institute ((CAMI) has explored the problems of effectively selecting air traffic control specialists (ATCSs) for the FAA. The results of those efforts have contributed directly to the establishment of revised ATCS selection standards by the Civil Service Commission (CSC). Early studies on the validity of aptitude tests for predicting successful completion of Academy training led to a decision to use such tests for part of the CSC screening standard. Later studies led to the establishment of a maximum age standard of 30 years for entry into ATCS training. In addition, CAMI researchers have continuously evaluated the validity of existing standards, have examined numerous variables and alternative aptitude measures, and have provided a number of data-based recommendations in an effort to improve predicting of success in ATCS training. This paper reviews that research with emphasis on aptitude screening measures, attrition, age, prior experience, education, sex, military ATCS training, and the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection. PMID- 7025830 TI - Thermal and glycemic responses during mild exercise in +5 to -15 degrees C environments following alcohol ingestion. AB - Male volunteers (3 groups of 6) were tested once after drinking alcohol (alc) and once after consuming a placebo. The subject drank 2.5 ml of 40% alc/kg in 30 min and, wearing a sweat suit, entered an environmental chamber (+5 degrees, -5 degrees, or -15 degrees C; one group at each temperature). Intermittent, bicycle exercise was performed for 3 h (40% VO2 max, 20 min work--10 min rest repeated 6 times). Peak blood alc (11.87 +/- 0.82 mM/occurred at 87.4 +/- 7.5 min; there were no differences between the three temperature groups. Based on pulmonary VO2 and RQ, neither environmental temperature nor alcohol affected metabolism, but blood glucose was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower with alcohol from 105 min until the end of the 3 h. Mean body temp was lower (p less than 0.05) in the 15 degrees C group and alcohol resulted in lower (p less than 0.05) body temperature in all three groups for the first 2 h. However, subjects did not perceive the increased heat loss or lower body temperatures. In contrast to cold water immersion studies, alcohol ingestion followed by mild exercise in a cold air environment results in enhanced heat loss and lower blood glucose levels. PMID- 7025831 TI - Analysis of coronary outflow dilution curves for the estimation of cellular uptake rates in the presence of heterogeneous regional flows. PMID- 7025832 TI - Prostacyclin-induced changes in coronary blood flow and oxygen handling in the normal and acutely ischaemic canine myocardium. PMID- 7025833 TI - Nutritional deficiencies in preschool and prepuberal children. PMID- 7025834 TI - Evidence for a two-state transition in papain that may have no close analogue in ficin. Differences in the disposition of cationic sites and hydrophobic binding areas in the active centres of papain and ficin. AB - The kinetics of the reactions of the active-centre thiol groups of papain (EC 3.4.22.2) and ficin (EC 3.4.22.3) with the two-protonic-state reactivity probes 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide, n-propyl 2-pyridyl disulphide and 4-(N-aminoethyl 2' pyridyl disulphide)- 7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (compound I) were studied over a wide range of pH. Differences between the reactivities of ficin and papain towards the cationic forms of the alkyl 2-pyridyl disulphide probes suggest that ficin contains a cationic site without exact analogue in papain, and the striking difference in the shapes of the pH-rate profiles for the reactions of the two enzymes with compound (1) suggests differences in the mobilities or dispositions of the active-centre histidine imidazole groups with respect to relevant hydrophobic binding areas. The evidence from reactivity-probe studies that the papain catalytic mechanism involves substantial repositioning of the active centre imidazole group during the catalytic act does not apply also to ficin. If ficin contains an aspartic acid residue analogous to aspartic acid-158 in papain, the pKa of its carboxy group is probably significantly lower than the pKa of the analogous group in papain. PMID- 7025835 TI - Elevated activity of a neutral proteinase in human muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7025836 TI - Kinetic studies of the human renin and human substrate reaction. PMID- 7025837 TI - Serum lipoprotein and blood pressure levels in rhesus monkeys fed sucrose diets. PMID- 7025838 TI - Human pancreatic polypeptide inhibits insulin release in the rat. PMID- 7025839 TI - Bacteriophage T7 protein kinase is magnesium-dependent and sulfate-activated. PMID- 7025840 TI - 19F-NMR and fluorescence polarization of yeast plasma membrane and isolated lipids. PMID- 7025841 TI - Regulation of immune reactivity to collagen in human beings. AB - Denaturated beef collagen was tested for its ability to induce the production of leukocyte inhibition factor among the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and normal individuals. Responsiveness, defined as the production of leukocyte inhibition factor sufficient to cause greater than 20% inhibition of leukocyte migration, was significantly (P less than 0.001, X2 = 31.1) associated with HLA-DR4. All HLA-DR4 positive individuals, including subjects without any evidence of synovitis, were collagen responders. There was no significant (P = 0.3) difference in the absolute reactivity of HLA DR4+ versus HLA-DR4- individuals to respond to another antigen, Candida albicans. Collagen reactivity required interactions between macrophages and T cells and was directed against determinants inherent in the linear polypeptide, (Gly-Pro)n. In 5 normal HLA-DR4- nonresponders tested, absence of discernable reactivity to collagen was associated with the presence of antigen-specific, radiosensitive suppressive T cells. These studies suggest that during the physiologic metabolism of collagen all individuals are exposed to Gly-Pro determinants normally buried in the interstices of the collagen triple helix. In individuals whose major histocompatibility complex contains genes linked to those coding for HLA-DR4, this results in the activation of reactive T cells. Conversely, in individuals lacking these genes, collagen-specific suppressive cells predominate. PMID- 7025842 TI - The role of histones as nuclear autoantigens in drug-related lupus erythematosus. AB - Patients with drug-related lupus erythematosus produce antibodies to nuclear histones which can be detected by a three-step indirect immunofluorescence technique. Procainamide-related antinuclear antibodies were detected by this technique, but hydralazine-related antinuclear antibodies were not. Certain evidence suggests that antibodies induced by the two drugs are reactive with different subclasses of histones. Hydralazine was shown to interact with a soluble DNA-histone complex, and the resulting interaction rendered the histone moiety resistant to trypsin digestion. This mechanism may help to maintain DNA histone complexes in a potentially immunogenic form and result in the production of autoantibodies. PMID- 7025843 TI - A survey of 246 suggested coronary risk factors. PMID- 7025844 TI - Endothelial cell damage in piglet coronary artery after intravenous administration of E. coli endotoxin. A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study. AB - E. Coli endotoxin was administered to 6 piglets from a litter of 10. Three days after the endotoxin stimulus 3 piglets showed definitive morphological evidence of endothelial damage to their left coronary artery. The proximal parts of the coronary artery were severely damaged. In scanning electron microscopy, the changes varied from disappearance of the microvilli to complete exfoliation of the endothelial cells. In cases of severe endothelial cell damage transmission electron microscopy revealed severe changes or even signs of cell death in the inner medial smooth muscle cells. Only of the piglets died prematurely. We are sufficiently encouraged to continue testing the theory that repeated endothelial cell damage initiates stenosing lesions in the coronary arteries. PMID- 7025845 TI - [Effectiveness of captopril in severe hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - Fifteen patients with severe essential or renal hypertension were treated with captopril. In thirteen, a single oral dose of 1 mg/kg produced a mean fall of 20.7 +/- 16.42 mmHg (18%) in mean arterial pressure (MAP) without concomitant increase in heart rate. The fall was significant at 20 minutes and maximum at 90 minutes on average. It correlated closely with the initial plasma renin activity (PRA) (r = 0.96) and with the increase in PRA under treatment (r = 0.75). After an 8-day treatment with captopril alone in increasing dosage (mean: 453 +/- 140 mg/day), the fall in MAP still was 20.3% and correlated with that observed with a single dose. Blood pressure returned to normal levels (MAP Less Than 110 mmHg) in seven of these patients. Twelve patients were treated for a mean period of 36 days and all had normal blood pressure at the end of that period. However, seven had required addition of frusemide to the treatment. A moderate increase in serum creatinine was observed in 7 cases, but there were no other adverse reactions. Captopril alone or combined with diuretics proved to be a very effective drug for the treatment of hypertension, particularly in patients with high initial PRA. PMID- 7025846 TI - [Long term treatment of resistant hypertension with captopril (author's transl)]. AB - The orally active angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor SQ 14225 (captopril) was administered to 14 hypertensive patients resistant to conventional therapy. A marked antihypertensive effect was observed; all the patients were responders and blood pressure decreased by more than 20% in 13 out of them. Subjective tolerance was very good. Untoward effects of an immuno-allergic type have been noticed in 30% of these cases but disappeared in all instances when daily doses of the drug had been reduced, allowing maintenance of the treatment. Plasma renin activity increased during captopril administration but no relationship appeared between pretreatment plasma renin activity and the extent of blood pressure response to the drug. The use of captopril must be considered in severe and resistant hypertension but careful monitoring of this treatment is needed. PMID- 7025847 TI - [Treatment of severe resistant arterial hypertension with captopril. 58 patients, including 38 treated for more than 6 months (author's transl)]. AB - Of 58 patients treated with captopril, 3 have now received the drug for more than 2 years and 22 for more than one year. This study concerns 38 patients treated for 6 months, captopril having been given alone during the first 2 months. They all had severe hypertension (diastolic BP Greater Than 110 mmHg) which had resisted previous treatments in normally effective doses, including at least one beta-blocker, dihydralazine and a diuretic. After 6 months blood pressure levels were normal in 53% of the patients, reduced in 31% and unchanged in 16%. Clinical improvement was habitual with, in particular, disappearance or decrease of tiredness and dyspnoea. Since some side-effects of the drug, such as granulopenia, proteinuria and ageusia, are mainly observed with high dosage, captopril is usually administered in doses lower or equal to 400 mg/day. In resistant or malignant hypertension it must be used in combination with salt-free diet, a beta-blocker and/or prazosin. Clinical, haematological and renal surveillance is necessary during treatment. When these precautions are observed, captopril constitutes a very useful drug for the treatment of patients with severe resistant hypertension. PMID- 7025848 TI - [Combined captopril and labetalol treatment of malignant arterial hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - Five patients with malignant arterial hypertension and terminal (3) or advanced (2) renal failure were treated with the alpha-beta blocker labetalol and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. Labetalol alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents had been ineffective in two cases and captopril alone in one; yet hypertension was rapidly controlled when the two drugs were given together. The return of blood pressure to normal levels brought about regression of digitalis-resistant cardiac failure in 2 patients and slight improvement of renal function in 2 other patients. The captopril-labetalol combination probably has a synergistic effect, and although its mechanism remains obscure this effect may be used to treat patients with severe or malignant arterial hypertension. PMID- 7025849 TI - [Effect of captopril in essential hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - The angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril (SQ 14225) was proposed as first treatment in 12 cases of uncomplicated essential hypertension maintained on unrestricted sodium intake (group I). Arterial pressure was normalized in 7 patients (subgroup Ia) whilst hydrochlorothiazide was added to captopril in 5 patients (subgroup Ib). A significant dose-response curve between the dose of captopril (range 75 to 450 mg/day) and the antihypertensive effect was obtained with a maximum at 300 mg/day. In 8 patients (group II) hydrochlorothiazide was proposed first and the addition of captopril was necessary in 4 cases. No relationship between pretreatment PRA and the maximum effect of captopril was observed (r = -0.34, NS). No disturbance of upright blood pressure regulation was noted. Adverse reaction consisted of 4 cases of benign and spontaneously regressive skin rash or pruritus. PMID- 7025850 TI - [Long-term treatment of severe cardiac failure with captopril (author's transl)]. AB - Nine patients with primary, non-obstructive myocardiopathy were treated during 6 months with captopril in daily doses of 75 to 225 mg. Early signs of haemodynamic improvement included significant increase in cardiac output (p Less Than 0.01) and stroke volume (p Less Than 0.01) and significant decrease in peripheral resistance (p Less Than 0.001) and pulmonary wedge pressure (p Less Than 0.001). These effects were sustained throughout treatment and were accompanied with noticeable improvement in the patients' functional status. Echocardiographic studies showed a reduction in the telesystolic (p Less Than 0.01) and telediastolic (p Less Than 0.05) diameters of the left ventricle after 6 months's treatment. The preejection period, calculated from phonomecanograms, was also significantly reduced. Plasma renin activity initially rose (p Less Than 0.01), then fell below pre-treatment values (p Less Than 0.02). Plasma aldosterone levels decreased (p Less Than 0.05), together with angiotensin-converting enzyme levels (p Less Than 0.05). Basal plasma renin activity correlated with both basal peripheral resistance (r = 0.72; p Less Than 0.02) and fall in peripheral resistance (r = 0.89; p Less Than 0.01). There was no tachyphylaxis nor evidence of blood, kidney or liver toxicity. PMID- 7025851 TI - [Results of the treatment of heart failure with captopril]. PMID- 7025852 TI - [Treatment with captopril of idiopathic edemas (author's transl)]. AB - The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (SQ 14225, 50 mg tid) was used for treating a patient with idiopathic edema. A marked improvement of clinical condition was achieved as confirmed by the significant decrease in the morning-evening weight difference during treatment. No disturbance of arterial pressure regulation as well as side effects were observed after a 22 month-period of treatment. This observation which needs further studies brings a new approach of the treatment of patients with idiopathic edema. PMID- 7025853 TI - [Beneficial effect of the converting enzyme inhibitor on the acute renal failure of scleroderma with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7025854 TI - [Fibronectin. Immuno-morphological study of its distribution in human pathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025855 TI - [Histological morphometric methods. I. Semi-automatic methods on graphic tables (author's transl)]. AB - Two kinds of parameters are accessible by histological morphometric methods: - actual quantitative ones (e.g. length, area) --discontinuous ones (e.g. cells, nucleus or mitochondrium counting). Measures were all achieved by manual methods in past. Nowadays, apparatus are existing that can solve semi-automatically histomorphometric problems. These apparatus are variously named digitizer, digitizing table, digitalizing table, graphic table and so on. Two histomorphometric examples are described one concerning breast carcinoma the other myocardial vascularization in rats. They both have been treated on a graphic table. Problems and their solutions are developed. PMID- 7025856 TI - [Immunofluorescent studies on plastic (epoxy and glycol methacrylate) embedded biopsies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025857 TI - [Study of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins in epoxy embedded tissues by direct immunofluorescent technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7025858 TI - [Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of 2,060 strains of different bacteria isolated in infectious processes in children]. AB - Susceptibility to antibiotics of 2060 strains of the following bacteria was studied: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, Staphylococcus aureus that were isolated in 1978-79 from different infections in children hospitalized at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico. The antimicrobials submitted to the test of susceptibility were: ampicillin, amikacin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Present results are compared with previous studies. PMID- 7025859 TI - [The artificial pancreas in the evaluation of insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects]. AB - 24-hours peripheral insulin sensitivity was studied in 5 healthy subjects by mean of artificial pancreas (Biostator), using the glycemic clamp technique (100 mg%). A sharp rise of insulin sensitivity (expressed as glucose required/insulin evoked ratio) was obtained in the morning, confirming our previous data observed by insulin tolerance test, but in a more physiological condition. The subjects appeared well synchronized as documented by statistically significant circadian rhythms in both serum cortisol and body temperature. PMID- 7025860 TI - [Catecholamine metabolism in renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 7025861 TI - [Computerized analysis of the changes in the R wave amplitude during exercise tests of normal subjects and coronary disease patients]. PMID- 7025862 TI - [Massive pulmonary thromboembolism. Thrombolytic therapy with urokinase: proposed common protocol]. PMID- 7025863 TI - [Non-invasive study of left ventricular function in diabetic subjects in metabolic compensation]. PMID- 7025864 TI - [Flexibility and increased reliability of a new program for computer analysis of the ECG]. PMID- 7025865 TI - [Myocardial infarct and pseudo-infarct. Vectorcardiographic study]. PMID- 7025866 TI - [Current aspects of bacterial endocarditis. Considerations of 101 cases with uncertain etiology]. PMID- 7025867 TI - [Pre- and post-operative evaluation of the renin-angiotensin system in nephrovascular hypertension]. PMID- 7025868 TI - [Significance of the saralasin infusion test in the diagnosis of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7025869 TI - A 4-year double-blind fluoridated school milk study in a vitamin-D deficient area. PMID- 7025870 TI - An immediate cantilever Rochette bridge. PMID- 7025871 TI - Temporary bridge construction: A laboratory technique. PMID- 7025872 TI - The management of periodontal disease: community care. PMID- 7025873 TI - Frederick Breese and London's first school dental clinic. PMID- 7025874 TI - Extradural opioids for postoperative analgesia. A double-blind comparison of pethidine, fentanyl and morphine. AB - Pethidine 50 mg, fentanyl 100 microgram and morphine 2 mg administered to the extradural space, were compared in the treatment of pain following surgery. All three drugs produced a rapid decrease in pain scores as assessed using a visual linear analogue, morphine being the least effective. Fentanyl had a relatively short duration of action (2 h), whereas morphine appeared to be the longest acting. It is suggested that the best relief of pain would be obtained by incremental doses given extradurally. All drugs produced an increase in sedation, but there was no respiratory depression as assessed by PaCO2 measurement. PMID- 7025875 TI - Extradural morphine for pain after surgery. AB - The effects of 10 mg of morphine sulphate given either extradurally or i.m. for the relief of pain after operation were compared in two randomized double-blind trials in patients undergoing major gynaecological surgery. In the first trial when morphine was given with the local anaesthetic before surgery, extradural administration resulted in significantly longer lasting analgesia: mean 707 min compared with 371 min (i.m.). In the second trial in patients complaining of pain after operation, extradural morphine had a slower onset of action, but longer duration of action compared with i.m. morphine, although the differences were not statistically significant. In this group extradural morphine often failed to provide useful analgesia. The extradural group received significantly less additional morphine (6.75 mg) than did the i.m. group (18.75 mg) in the following 24 h. PMID- 7025876 TI - Comparison of meptazinol and pethidine given i.v. on demand in the management of postoperative pain. AB - Meptazinol and pethidine were compared under double-blind conditions in 20 patients, using an on-demand analgesic system to provide pain relief after upper abdominal surgery. The degree of analgesia, subjectively assessed, was good with both meptazinol and pethidine; although meptazinol produced significantly more nausea than did pethidine (P less than 0.01), there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of other side-effects. Over 24 h average consumption of meptazinol was 2.4 times that of pethidine, suggesting that, when given by i.v. injection, meptazinol is less potent that pethidine. PMID- 7025877 TI - Hormonal responses to high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia. A study in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. AB - The hormonal responses to anaesthesia and cardiac surgery were studied in 20 patients. Ten patients were anaesthetized with fentanyl 60 microgram kg-1 and nitrous oxide in oxygen and 10 with etomidate 0.3 mgkg-1 and nitrous oxide in oxygen plus halothane. There were no significant changes in cortisol, growth hormone or insulin concentrations in response to surgery in either group, although cortisol concentrations decreased during cardiopulmonary bypass. Both groups showed increases in prolactin concentrations. Patients anaesthetized with etomidate and halothane showed a significant increase in adrenaline and glucose concentrations not seen in the fentanyl group. Cardiopulmonary bypass was associated with marked increases in catecholamines in both groups. PMID- 7025878 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of amyloid P component in skin of normal subjects and patients with cutaneous amyloidosis. AB - The presence of amyloid P component (AP) in dermal deposits of cutaneous amyloidosis was demonstrated by a direct immunofluorescence technique using an antibody to serum amyloid P component (SAP). AP was also shown, for the first time, to be a constituent of normal human skin. It was present at the periphery of dermal elastic tissue fibres, in basement membranes of dermal blood vessels and surrounding eccrine sweat glands but was absent from the dermo-epidermal basement membrane. The staining pattern in cutaneous amyloidosis was morphologically distinctive and readily distinguishable from staining of thickened vascular basement membranes in porphyria. Immunofluorescence with anti SAP is simple and specific and may become the procedure of choice in the differential diagnosis of amyloidosis. PMID- 7025879 TI - Dermatitis herpetiformis: immune complex detection with C1q and monoclonal rheumatoid factor. AB - To determine the significance of circulating immune complexes in dermatitis herpetiformis, serum samples from thirty patients with active disease were tested by a C1q binding radioassay, while serum samples from twenty-one of these patients were tested by a monoclonal rheumatoid factor (mRF) inhibition radioassay. By direct immunofluorescence, all patients demonstrated typical IgA deposition in dermal papillae. Using the C1q binding assay, only seven of forty two serum samples had elevated C1q binding activity, while by the mRF inhibition assay, thirteen of twenty-five samples had elevated immune complex levels. Nine of these latter thirteen positive serum samples, however, were minimally elevated. Thus, IgG and/or IgM containing immune complexes are infrequently present, or at very low levels, in sera of patients with active dermatitis herpetiformis. PMID- 7025880 TI - Inflammatory cells, IgA, C3, fibrin and fibronectin in skin lesions in dermatitis herpetiformis. AB - Skin lesions were produced by application of 50% potassium iodide to twelve patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH). Perivascular cellular infiltrates were found to be characteristic of developing lesions. The cells were mainly round cells; alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase staining revealed that in 24-h lesions the mean percentage of T-lymphocytes was 43%, that of mononuclear phagocytes 6% and that of non-T/non-M cells (mainly B-lymphocytes) 44%. The percentage of the latter was highest (mean 81%) in 6-h specimens, suggesting that these cells are participating in the early stages of lesion formation. The infiltrating cells in dermal papillae and within subepidermal vesicles were predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocytes (mean 86%) with some mononuclear phagocytes and non-T/non-M cells. Immunofluorescence examination confirmed that fibrin deposition is characteristic of the initial lesions of DH and showed that the same is true of fibronectin. Seven out of eight patients had fibronectin deposits in dermal papillae. IgA was found in all and C3 in most of the specimens and, with the exception of papillary vesicles and blister cavities, the intensity of IgA and C3 fluorescence showed no marked alterations during the development of lesions. PMID- 7025881 TI - The clinical relevance of heat-stable, short-term sensitizing anaphylactic IgG antibodies (IgG S-TS) and of related activities of IgG4 and IgG2. PMID- 7025882 TI - Effects of anthralin on mitochondrial and nuclear functions in yeast cells. PMID- 7025883 TI - Prostaglandin E2 pessaries to facilitate first trimester aspiration termination. AB - Using a double blind administration protocol, the effect on the cervix of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) vaginal pessaries inserted one to six hours before aspiration termination of pregnancy has been assessed. Pessaries containing 10 mg of PGE2 produced significant cervical softening and dilatation compared with those containing only 5 mg of PGE2 or placebo, the effect was almost as good as 15 mg of PGE2 but the lower dose caused fewer gastro-intestinal side-effects and uterine cramps. Blood loss at abortion and in the early post-abortal recovery period was significantly reduced following PGE2 treatment compared with placebo. The method described is simple and effective in reducing difficult cervical dilatation and is appropriate for day-care abortion management. PMID- 7025884 TI - Haemoglobin AIc predicts the perinatal outcome in insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies. AB - Haemoglobin AIc (Hb AIc) was measured in 112 insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies on an average 4.7 times. Hb AIc was high in early pregnancy in all three patients with severe fetal malformations. There were six pregnancies with a perinatal death. The maximum Hb AIc values were significantly higher in the second trimester (p less than 0.001) in these pregnancies than in the other diabetic pregnancies. When neonatal hypoglycaemia was present, the mean maternal Hb AIc was significantly higher in the second (p less than 0.005) and third (p less than 0.02) trimesters of pregnancy than in the group without neonatal hypoglycaemia. In the group with neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia the mean maternal Hb AIc was significantly higher in the third trimester (p less than 0.02) than in the group with no neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. The results suggest that poor metabolic control of maternal diabetes during the second trimester is associated with a clearly increased risk of perinatal death and during the second and third trimesters with metabolic derangements in the neonatal period. The results also indicate that Hb AIc could be used to detect the pregnant diabetics at special risk. PMID- 7025885 TI - Maternal plasma prostacyclin concentration in pre-eclampsia and other pregnancy complications. AB - To study the involvement of antiaggregatory and vasodilatory prostacyclin (PGI2) in various pregnancy complications, we measured the concentrations of 6 ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, a stable hydration product of PGI2, using a specific radioimmunoassay, in plasma samples from 123 women between 22 and 41 weeks of complicated or normal pregnancy. The levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (mean +/- SE) in pre-eclampsia (267.0 +/- 26.6 pg/ml, n = 22), diabetic pregnancy (266.6 +/- 19.2 pg/ml, n =21), twin pregnancy (310.7 +/- 28.2 pg/ml, n = 10), threatened premature labour (285.9 +/- 23.2 pg/ml, n = 26), placenta praevia or placental abruption (248.9 +/- 24.5 pg/ml, n = 6), hepatosis gravidarum (249.3 +/- 15.0 pg/ml, n = 3) or in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine fetal growth retardation (296.9 +/- 34.2 pg/ml, n = 14) or fetal death (267.5 +/- 20.9 pg/ml, n = 6) did not differ from each other or from the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels in normal pregnancy (266.4 +/- 15.0 pg/ml, n = 22). Furthermore, the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels bore no relation to the gestational age, maternal drug use (insulin, glucocorticoids, antihypertensive drugs) or to the sex, birth weight or condition of the newborn infant, or to the placenta weight. PMID- 7025886 TI - The relationship of rapid maxillary expansion to surgery with special reference to midpalatal synostosis. AB - This study is a multi-disciplinary approach to the regulation of the maxillary width in adults, based on published histological evidence of midpalatal synostosis and the analysis of nine cases. The treatment involves the maximal use of rapid expansion for movement with the minimal surgical intervention to free maxillae. The results provide a modus operandi for oral surgeon/orthodontist association with a three-stage series of age-related incremental surgical procedures to meet the resistance to maxillary separation and a tie-up with orthognathic surgery. It seems unnecessary to intervene surgically to free the maxillae under 25 years of age. Stage 1 applies between 25 and 30 years, Stage 2 between 30 and 40 years, and Stage 3 between 40 and 50 years. Attention is drawn to the respiratory improvement following these technics. PMID- 7025887 TI - Tooth surface appearance after debonding. PMID- 7025888 TI - Guar bread: acceptability and efficacy combined. Studies on blood glucose, serum insulin and satiety in normal subjects. AB - 1. Bread alone and supplemented with guar gum at three levels (50, 100 and 150 g/kg) was given to eleven non-diabetic subjects, and blood glucose and serum insulin were determined preprandialy, and at 30 min and 60 min after commencement of the meal. Ths satiating effect, up to 120 min, of the guar bread and its acceptability to the same group of normal volunteers was also studied. 2 No significant differences in blood glucose were observed between control and guar breads at 30 min and 60 min, apart from 100 g guar/kg bread at 30 min (P less than 0.05). A significant difference in serum insulin was indicated between: control and 50 (P less than 0.02) and 150 (P less than 0.02) guar/kg breads at 30 min; control and 50 (P less than 0.05), 100 (P less than 0.001) and 150 (P less than 0.05) guar/kg breads at 60 min. 3. There were no significant differences in the satiety scores for control and guar breads. Significant increases in satiety attributed to 150 g guar/kg bread were found when compared to: 50 g guar/kg bread immediately after eating (P less than 0.05), 100 g guar/kg bread at 60 min (P less than 0.02) and 50 and 100 g guar/kg breads at 120 min (both P less than 0.05). 4. There was a positive correlations between hedonic score and relative replacement of guar (r 0.62, P less than 0.001, n 44) and from the regression line it was found that 50 and 100 g guar/kg breads produced hedonic scores close to a neutral response of 5, whereas 150 g guar/kg bread at a predictive score of 6.3 appeared to be unacceptable to our subjects. 5. Guar bread at the 100 g/kg level (59 g guar/kg bread) reduced the serum insulin by 48% at 60 min and is found to be an acceptable food product at this level of incorporation. However, more information is required to demonstrate the possible satiating potential of guar bread. PMID- 7025889 TI - Study of transfer ribonucleic acid unfolding by dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of proton exchange were performed on yeast tRNAPhe, and in much less detail on Escherichia coli tRNAfMet, over a range of Mg2+ concentrations and temperatures, at neutral pH and 0.1 M NaCl. The resonances studied were those of ring nitrogen protons, resonating between 10 and 15 ppm downfield from sodium 3-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propanesulfonate, which partake in hydrogen bonding between bases of secondary and tertiary pairs. Methods include saturation--recovery, line width, and real-time observation after a change to deuterated solvent. The relevant theory is briefly reviewed. We believe that most of the higher temperature rates reflect major unfolding of the molecule. For E. coli tRNAfMet, the temperature dependence of the rate for the U8 -A14 resonance maps well onto previous optical T-jump studies for a transition assigned to tertiary melting. For yeast tRNAPhe, exchange rates of several resolved protons could be studied from 30 to 45 degrees C in zero Mg2+ concentration and had activation energies on the order of 40 kcal/mol. Initially, the tertiary structure melts, followed shortly by the acceptor stem. At high Mg2+ concentration, relatively few exchange rates are measurable below the general cooperative melt at about 60 degrees C; these are attributed to tertiary changes. Real-time observations suggest a change in the exchange mechanism at room temperature with a lower activation energy. The results are compared with those obtained by other methods directed toward assaying ribonucleic acid dynamics. PMID- 7025890 TI - Investigation of the nature of enzyme--coenzyme interactions in binary and ternary complexes of liver alcohol dehydrogenase with coenzymes, coenzyme analogues, and substrate analogues by ultraviolet absorption and phosphorescence spectroscopy. AB - The difference spectra of binary and ternary complexes of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase with oxidized and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides, nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide, and adenosine diphosphate ribose along with a number of substrate analogues have been measured. These spectra bear a very close resemblance to those obtained by perturbation of the coenzyme(s) and their analogues by acid, NaCl, dioxane, or tert-butyl alcohol. It is inferred that the coenzymes experience a combination of ionic and nonpolar environments at the adenine binding site of the enzyme. This is borne out by published X-ray crystallographic results. The phosphorescence spectra do not indicate the presence of ionized tyrosine in ternary complexes invovling enzyme, coenzyme, and substrate analogues. The ultraviolet spectra can be explained as arising from the perturbation of the coenzyme chromophores upon binding to the enzyme without having to invoke tyrosine ionization. PMID- 7025891 TI - Hydrodynamic characterization of the photoaffinity-labeled insulin receptor solubilized in Triton X-100. AB - The insulin receptor in isolated rat liver plasma membranes was covalently labeled with the photoreactive insulin analogue NB-29-[(4-azido-2 nitrophenyl)acetyl]insulin and solubilized with the nondenaturing detergent Triton X-100. The resulting protein-detergent complex was characterized by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B, sedimentation rate determination in linear sucrose gradients, and equilibrium isopycnic centrifugation in NaBr and CsCl. The labeled insulin receptor was found in two forms. The Strokes radii and s20,w's of the two receptor-detergent complexes (R1 and R2) were (mean +/- SEM) 7.08 +/- 0.04 and 3.62 +/- 0.05 nm and 10.45 +/- 0.04 and 6.54 +/- 0.15 S, respectively. The two forms appeared to have the same buoyant density, 1.285 +/- 0.002 g cm-3. The dissociation of R2 from R1, or its reaggregation, either with itself or with other unlabeled proteins, to give R1 proceeded without chemical modification. Mild reduction of disulfide bonds (1 mM 1,4-dithiothreitol) increased the dissociation of R2 from R1. These results indicate that the solubilized receptor binds significant amounts of detergents, that the insulin binding component of the receptor binds to other receptor components by hydrophobic interactions, and that one or more components of the insulin receptor contain intrachain disulfide bonds. PMID- 7025892 TI - In vitro synthesis of the respiratory NADH dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. Role of UUG as initiation codon. AB - The respiratory NADH dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli has been synthesized in vitro in a coupled transcription--translation system with cloned deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as template. The identity of the protein produced was confirmed by paper chromatography and electrophoresis of tryptic peptides. [35S]Methionine labeled tryptic peptides from the in vitro product were shown to comigrate with authentic methionine-containing tryptic peptides from the purified enzyme. Using a transcription-translation system derived from an ndh mutant, it was shown that the enzyme produced in vitro was incorporated into membrane vesicles of the mutant to give functional, cyanide-sensitive NADH oxidase activity. Radiochemical N-terminal sequencing of the synthesized NADH dehydrogenase showed that the product was a mixture of three different species, with N-formylmethionine, methionine, or threonine at the N terminus. The results indicated that only partial N-terminal processing was occurring in vitro and that the first residue of the unprocessed NADH dehydrogenase is N-formylmethionine. Since DNA sequencing has shown that this residue is encoded by UUG [Young, I. G., Rogers, B. L., Campbell, H. D., Jaworowski, A., & Shaw, D. C. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. (in press)], this work verifies the role of UUG as a normal initiation codon. PMID- 7025893 TI - Identification of 3,4-dihydroxy-5-hexaprenylbenzoic acid as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone-6 by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae E3-24 is unable to synthesize ubiquinone-6. When this mutant is grown in the presence of p-hydroxy[U 14C]benzoate or p-hydroxy[carboxy-14C]benzoate, a radioactive compound accumulates. This new metabolite has been isolated and identified as 3,4 dihydroxy-5-hexaprenylbenzoate (3,4-DHHB). Aerobically grown prototrophic strains of S. cerevisiae were found to contain only low levels of this compound. When strain X963-18C, blocked at homoserine O-transacetylase (in methionine biosynthesis), was deprived of methionine, ubiquinone biosynthesis ceased, and 3,4-DHHB was observed to accumulate. This suggested that S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) could be the methyl donor for 3,4-DHHB. Restoration of methionine to the cultures released this block and resulted in the conversion of 3,4-DHHB to ubiquinone-6, demonstrating a precursor--product relationship. The identification of 3,4-DHHB as an intermediate in ubiquinone biosynthesis in yeast establishes an alternate pathway for ubiquinone biosynthesis in eukaryotes. PMID- 7025894 TI - Purification and subunit characterization of propanediol dehydratase, a membrane associated enzyme. AB - A new isolation procedure for propanediol dehydratase increases by a factor of about 16 the yield of enzyme obtainable from Klebsiella pneumoniae; the enzyme thus isolated has a specific activity of 95 +/- 4 units/mg. The apoenzyme consists of four subunits with molecular weights of 60 000, 51 000, 29 000, and 15 000 (+/- 5%). In this new procedure, care was taken to prevent the partial proteolysis of the propanediol dehydratase which seems to occur in earlier procedures. The other novel aspect recognizes that the enzyme is associated with the cell membrane. Accordingly, after gentle sonication, the membrane fragments are separated from cytosol, and the enzyme is solubilized by extraction with buffers containing detergent. The 60 000-dalton subunit has been purified and a partial sequence (34 of the 36 N-terminal residues) determined. PMID- 7025895 TI - A quantitative assay for the activation of plasminogen by transformed cells in situ and by urokinase. PMID- 7025896 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance and chemical modification studies of the role of the metal in yeast aldolase. PMID- 7025897 TI - Self-association of insulin and the role of hydrophobic bonding: a thermodynamic model of insulin dimerization. AB - The association constant for insulin dimerization calculated from concentration dependent circular dichroic (CD) spectra of insulin, K12 = 7.5 X 10(5) M-1, is used along with other association constants (K24, K46, and K26) in an attempt to decipher the complex association behavior in solution and in crystal of this protein hormone. The free-energy change associated with dimerization, -RT ln K12, is -8.01 kcal mol-1, a value which is used to test a semiquantitative thermodynamic model of the process based in part on the X-ray crystallographic data of insulin. By delineation of the hydrophobic core on the surface of insulin, which is implicated in the dimer formation, the free energy of association, delta G degrees assoc, is estimated as -8.27 kcal mol-1 by using the thermodynamic parameters of Nemethy & Scheraga [Nemethy, G., & Scheraga, H. A. (1962) J Phys. Chem. 66, 1773-1789] and as -10.27 kcal mol-1 by using the values of Nozaki & Tanford [Nozaki, Y., & Tanford, C. (1971) J. Biol. Chem. 246, 2211 2217]. The role of hydrophobic bonding in the dimerization of insulin is discussed, and the calculated values of free energy of association are compared with the experimental value. The importance of this thermodynamic model is delineated in regard to both hormone-hormone and hormone-receptor interactions. PMID- 7025898 TI - Time-resolved fluorescence of the two tryptophans in horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - The tryptophan fluorescence decay of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, at 10 degrees C in 0.1 M pH 7.4 sodium phosphate buffer, with excitation at 295 nm, is a double exponential with time constants of 3.8 and 7.2 ns. Within experimental error, the two lifetimes remain constant across the emission spectrum. Only the 3.8-ns lifetime is quenched in the NAD+-pyrazole ternary complex, and only the 7.2-ns lifetime is quenched by 0-0.05 M KI. On the basis of these results, we assign the 3.8-ns lifetime to the buried tryptophan, Trp-314, and the 7.2-ns lifetime to the exposed tryptophan, Trp-15. The steady-state lifetime-resolved emission spectrum of Trp-15 has a maximum at approximately 340 nm and that of Trp 15 is at approximately 325 nm. The total time-resolved emission, after 40 ns of decay, has a maximum between 338 and 340 nm and is primarily due to the Trp-15 emission. As a consequence of the wavelength dependence of the preexponential weighting factors, there is an increase in the average lifetime from the blue to the red edge of the emission. This increase reflects the change in the spectral contributions of Trp-15 and Trp-314. Consideration of the spectral overlap between the emission spectra of the two tryptophans and the absorption due to formation of the ternary complex, as well as the distances between the two residues and the bound NAD+, shows that the selective fluorescence quenching in the ternary complex can be accounted for entirely by singlet-single energy transfer. The decay of the fluorescence anisotropy was measured as a function of temperature from 10 to 40 degrees C and is well described by a monoexponential decay law. Over this temperature range the calculated hydrodynamic radius increases from 33.5 to 35.1 A. Evidently, the indole groups of Trp-15 and Trp-314 rotate with the protein as a whole, and there is some expansion of the protein matrix as the ambient temperature is increased. PMID- 7025899 TI - Biological macromolecules in solvents of variable density: characterization by sedimentation equilibrium, densimetry, and X-ray forward scattering and an application to the 50S ribosomal subunit from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7025900 TI - Calorimetric studies of adenosine 5'-triphosphate hydrolysis by heavy meromyosin. AB - The heat production for the reaction steps of ATP hydrolysis by heavy meromyosin has been reexamined by using a reaction-type calorimeter. So far, the values reported for the heat production have varied substantially among research groups. The present results obtained in 0.3 M KCl, 10 mM MgCl2, and 20 mM Tris-HCl at pH 8.0 and 20 degrees C show that (1) the binding and splitting of ATP on the myosin head are moderately exothermic (delta H = -23 kJ mol-1), (2) the decomposition of the M.ADP.Pi intermediate complex to M.ADP + Pi is strongly exothermic (delta H = -66 kJ mol-1), and (3) the dissociation of ADP from the myosin head is strongly endothermic (delta H = +60 kJ mol-1). These results agree with our previous findings that the decomposition of M.ADP.Pi as well as the binding of ADP to heavy meromyosin is strongly exothermic [Yamada, T., Shimizu, H., & Suga, H. (1973) Bio-chim. Biophys, Acta 305, 642-653]. PMID- 7025901 TI - Relationship between negative cooperativity and insulin action. AB - We have compared the respective abilities of porcine insulin and [LeuB25]insulin to enhance the rate of dissociation of receptor-bound [125I]insulin from IM-9 lymphocytes and isolated rat adipocytes and to increase the rate of adipocyte glucose transport and oxidation. Although porcine insulin (100 ng/mL) greatly enhanced the dissociation rate of previously bound [125I]insulin, [LeuB25]insulin (at a concentration yielding equivalent receptor occupancy) had no effect. Nevertheless, the analogue fully stimulated adipocyte glucose transport and oxidation at concentrations consistent with its reduced (1.7% of normal) intrinsic binding affinity. Activation of glucose transport by the analogue was rapid, and the corresponding rate of activation was indistinguishable from that produced by native insulin. The increased dissociation rate observed with increasing receptor occupancy by native porcine insulin has been interpreted as evidence for negative cooperative site-site interactions between occupied receptors. According to this formulation, [LeuB25]insulin is a "noncooperative" insulin analogue. Since this [LeuB25]insulin retains full biologic activity, the enhancement of the insulin dissociation rate at high levels of receptor occupancy does not reflect a phenomenon inherent in insulin's action to augment glucose metabolism. PMID- 7025902 TI - Symmetrical kinetic parameters for 3-O-methyl-D-glucose transport in adipocytes in the presence and in the absence of insulin. AB - 3-O-Methyl-D-glucose transport in isolated adipocytes in the presence of insulin is symmetric in zero-trans experiments (transport into sugar-free solutions). K oi zt = 6.10 +/- 1. 65 mM, V oi zt = 1.20 +/- 0.19 mM/s; K io zt = 2.66 +/- 0.26 mM, V io zt = 1.19 +/- 0.07 mM/s. (The superscripts o and i and subscript zt refer to outside, inside and zero-trans conditions, respectively). In the absence of insulin K oi zt = 5.41 +/ 0.98 mM, V oi zt = 0.034 +/- 0.014 mM/s; K io zt = 4.09 +/- 1.05 mM, V io zt = 0.153 +/- 0.023 mM/s. For insulin pre-treated cells, infinite-cis experiments (transport into solutions of varying sugar concentrations) are also symmetric K oi ic = 6.51 +/- 0.83 mM, V oi ic = 0.09 mM/s; K io ic = 3.60 +/- 1.33 mM, V io ic = 1.76 +/- 0.63 mM/S (the subscript ic refers to the infinite-cis condition). In the absence of insulin, K oi ic = 9.03 +/- 3.28 mM, V oi ic = 0.066 +/- mM/s; K io ic = 4.54 +/- 1.32 mM, V io ic = 0.106 +/- 0.026 mM/s. The infinite-cis parameters are shown to be technically easier to measure than the zero-trans parameters. The uses of integrated rate equations for studying rapid transport are demonstrated. The results show that the adipocyte sugar transport system handles 3-O-methyl-D-glucose symmetrically, and that insulin does not change either the internal or the external affinity constants for this glucose analogue. PMID- 7025903 TI - A relationship between anion transport and a structural transition of the human erythrocyte membrane. AB - Scanning microcalorimetry was employed as an aid in examining some structural features of the anion transport system in red blood cell vesicles. Two structural transitions were previously shown to be sensitive to several covalent and non covalent inhibitors of anion transport in red cells. In this study, these transitions were selectively removed, either thermally or enzymatically, and the subsequent effect on 35SO2- 4 efflux in red cell vesicles was determined. It is shown that removal of one of these transitions (B2) has a negligible inhibitory effect on anion transport. Cytoplasmic, intermolecular disulfide linkages between band 3 dimers are known to form during the B2 transition. The integrity of the 4,4-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2-disulfonate-sensitive C transition, on the other hand, is shown to be a requirement for anion transport. The localized region of the membrane giving rise to this transition contains the transmembrane segment of band 3, as well as membrane phospholipids. The calorimetric results suggest a structure of band 3 which involves independent structural domains, and are consistent with the transmembrane segment playing a direct role in the transport process. PMID- 7025904 TI - Spatial requirements for insulin-sensitive sugar transport in rat adipocytes. PMID- 7025905 TI - The implications of tumor heterogeneity for studies on the biology of cancer metastasis. PMID- 7025906 TI - Two independent aspects of tumor promotion. PMID- 7025907 TI - Studies on Escherichia coli chromosome proteins. II. DNA polymerases associated with the nucleoid. AB - Escherichia coli nucleoids isolated in the presence of spermidine have been shown to contain DNA polymerase activity of which more than 95% was ascribed to DNA polymerase I and the rest to DNA polymerases II and III. It also has been found that DNA polymerases II and III or DNA polymerase III substituted entirely for DNA polymerase I or DNA polymerase I and II in the nucleoids isolated from E. coli mutants lacking the corresponding enzyme activities. PMID- 7025908 TI - A computer method for construction of secondary structure from polynucleotide sequence. Possible structure of the bacterial replication origin. AB - A computer method to search the possible secondary structure of a long polynucleotide was developed. As a criterion for the stabilization of a secondary structure, free energy originating from base-pairing was employed, since the structure in solution would be at the free energy minimum. The method is summarized as follows: all possible helices are collected from a given nucleotide sequence under restrictions that the length of a helix is greater than N0 bases (e.g., four bases) and the free energy of the helix calculated according to free energies of two successive sequence-dependent basepairs is lower than E0 (e.g., 5 kcal/mol). The search of secondary structures of low free energy is performed by connecting one helix to another without allowing any base-pairing between loops. For connecting single-stranded regions, destabilizing free energy of 2--3 kcal/mol is added. The method was first applied to several tRNAs and the clover leaf structure of tRNA was obtained as a free energy minimum. Then, possible secondary structures of the replication origin regions of the Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium chromosomes were examined by the method, assuming that one of the strands in the origin region takes a specific secondary structure. The lowest-energy structure for the E. coli origin was found to be approximately identical to that for the S. typhimurium origin region. PMID- 7025909 TI - Transformation of E. coli using homopolymer-linked plasmid chimeras. AB - A number of parameters were explored to increase the transformation efficiency of E. coli with pBR322/eukaryotic DNA chimera, formed via d(A) . d(T) and d(G) . d(C) homopolymer tails. Of the E. coli strains analyzed, E. coli strain RR1 was the most efficient bacterial host. A clear optimum of nucleotide tail length existed for both types of homopolymer. The optimum hybridization temperature for chimera formation was found to be approx. 57 degrees C. In the case of d(A) . d(T)-linked chimeras, 30 min was sufficient for optimum chimera formation. In contrast, d(C) . d(G)-linked chimeras required up to 2 h to give the best yields (as measured by transformation efficiency). Other minor factors affecting the transformation process are also explored and discussed. PMID- 7025910 TI - A kinetic study on the mechanism of inhibition of RNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA dependent RNA polymerase. Differences in inhibition by ethidium bromide, 3,8 diamino-6-ethylphenanthridinium bromide and actinomycin d. AB - The mechanism of inhibition of RNA polymerase-catalyzed synthesis of RNA by actinomycin D and the phenan-thridinium derivatives ethidium bromide and 3,8 diamino-6-ethylphenanthridinium bromide (DEMB) is examined. A general kinetic equation describing the dependence of RNA synthesis on DNA template concentration is derived and distinct expressions corresponding to various possible mechanisms of inhibition are subsequently obtained by introducing into the equations assumptions as appropriate for the individual mechanisms. The fitting of the experimental results of inhibition into the resulting equations suggested that the ethidium bromide and DEMB inhibit RNA polymerase by forming an inhibitor template complex which interferes with enzyme recognition of, and binding to, appropriate sites on the template (binding inhibition). The fitting of the dependence of the rate of RNA synthesis on the bound-inhibitor to DNA ratios to the derived kinetic expressions also allows a tentative distinction to be made as to whether ethidium bromide and DEMB interfere with RNA synthesis by a mechanism of 'partial' or 'complete' inhibition. PMID- 7025911 TI - Polynucleotide synthetase of E. coli: an enzyme complex having polynucleotide phosphorylase as apoenzyme. AB - A previously described synthetase system of Escherichia coli that utilizes ribonucleoside triphosphates has been purified extensively and shown to consist of an apoenzyme and three protein factors. The apoenzyme itself was revealed to be polynucleotide phosphorylase. The conditions under which the latter - an enzyme incorporating nucleoside diphosphates - is converted to a system catalyzing the uptake of nucleoside triphosphates have been studied in detail with respect to primer requirements, the influence of triphosphates on diphosphate utilization and vice versa, and the possibly regulatory effect of the guanosine di- and triphosphates. The fully supplemented enzyme system (polynucleotide synthetase) incorporates GTP only in the presence of ATP, producing a polynucleotide with an A : G ratio near unity. PMID- 7025912 TI - Degradation of nucleic acids with ozone. II. Degradation of yeast RNA, yeast phenylalanine tRNA and tobacco mosaic virus RNA. AB - The degradation of a mixture of four 5'-ribonucleotides (AMP, GMP, CMP and UMP), yeast RNA, yeast phenylalanine tRNA, and tobacco mosaic virus RNA (TMV-RNA) with ozone (concentration in inlet gas, 0.1-0.5 mg/l) was examined in a phosphate buffer (pH 6.9). In the case of the mixture, GMP alone was degraded in the initial stage. In the ozonization of yeast RNA, the guanine moiety was less vulnerable to attack by ozone than in the case of free GMP, but it again degraded most rapidly among the four nucleotides. In the treatment of tRNA with ozone, the guanine moiety degraded first. When the numbers of degraded nucleotides reached 4.8 (remaining amino acid acceptor activity was 3.6%), the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the ozonized tRNA gave a single band with the same mobility as that of the intact tRNA. It is evident that ozonolysis of tRNA proceeded without cleavage of the polynucleotide chain. In the case of TMV-RNA, the loss of the infectivity by ozone proceeded rapidly within 30 min and was followed by preferential degradation of the guanine moiety. The outstanding lability of the guanine moiety observed in each case is discussed in connection with the inactivation of tRNA and TMV-RNA. PMID- 7025913 TI - A rapid isotope dilution procedure for estimating the relative proportion of mitochondrial DNA in yeast. AB - A method is described for estimating rapidly the relative proportion of total DNA that is of mitochondrial origin in small quantities of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This procedure involves the mechanical disruption of cells followed by the addition of small amounts of radioactively labeled yeast nuclear and mitochondrial DNA to the lysate. Both labeled and unlabeled DNAs are then co extracted from the mixture and separated into nuclear and mitochondrial DNA components by poly(L-lysine) Kieselguhr column chromatography. The resulting specific radioactivities of each species of DNA, when compared to the amount of labeled DNA initially added, or related to the relative proportion of unlabeled nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in the original cell sample. The isotope dilution procedure reported here is shown to be both reproducible and to reflect the true relative concentration of each species of DNA in this yeast. PMID- 7025914 TI - In vitro and in situ studies on the inhibition of yeast AMP deaminase by fatty acids. AB - The effect of various fatty acids on the purified and in situ AMP deaminase (AMP aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.6) was investigated: both the purified AMP deaminase and the permeabilized system of yeast cells were used as the enzyme sources. (1) All the saturated fatty acids, longer than 10 in the hydrocarbon chain, were inhibitors of the purified enzyme in the absence of ATP, whereas no or little inhibition of the enzyme was observed in the presence of ATP. Unsaturated fatty acids acted as more potent inhibitors of the purified enzyme, although the addition of ATP increased the I0.5 values for these fatty acids. Fatty acids acted as non-competitive inhibitors without alteration of the affinity for the substrate in the absence and presence of ATP. (2) Unsaturated fatty acids showed a powerful inhibition of the in situ AMP deaminase, and the presence of ATP could scarcely affect the inhibition of the in situ enzyme by these fatty acids. On the other hand, no or little inhibition of the in situ enzyme by saturated fatty acids was observed in the absence and presence of ATP. The difference in the kinetics properties between the in situ and the purified enzyme suggests that there is difference in protein interactions for AMP deaminase in situ and in vitro. PMID- 7025915 TI - Preparation and properties of penicillin amidase immobilized in polyelectrolyte complexes. PMID- 7025916 TI - The effects of insulin and glucagon on the release of triacylglycerols by isolated rat hepatocytes are mere reflections of the hormonal effects on the rate of triacylglycerol synthesis. AB - 1. Isolated hepatocytes from meal-fed donor rats secrete newly synthesized very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) when incubated in a simple bicarbonate buffer. When incubated with 3H2O for 2 h, 72-81% of the 3H-labelled triacylglycerols secreted by the hepatocytes were recovered in VLDL. The secretion of newly synthesized triacylglycerols shows a lag phase of about 30 min. 2. Insulin stimulates the secretion of newly synthesized VLDL triacylglycerols, whereas glucagon has an inhibitory effect on this process. 3. When hepatocytes triacylglycerols were labelled by preincubating the cells with 3H2O or [1 14C]oleate and the cells were subsequently washed and further incubated in radioisotope-free buffer containing hormones, it was observed that the release of the pre-labelled triacylglycerols is not hormone-sensitive. This suggests that insulin and glucagon do not affect the release of triacylglycerols per se. 4. It is concluded that the effects of insulin and glucagon on the overall process of triacylglycerol secretion are reflections of the hormone-determined rate of triacylglycerol synthesis. PMID- 7025917 TI - Degradation of phosphatidylinositol by soluble enzymes of rat gastric mucosa. AB - Rat gastric mucosa homogenates contain two enzymatic systems for hydrolyzing phosphatidylinositol: a deacylation activity yielding lysophosphatidylinositol and free fatty acid, and a phospholipase C-like activity producing 1,2 diacylglycerol and inositol phosphates. These activities were found mainly in the 105 000 x g supernatant and could be distinguished by differential stabilities, metal requirements and the action of deoxycholate and mepacrine. Each lipolytic reaction displayed a major pH optimum at 7.5 and a minor pH optimum at 5.5. The deacylation system was 8-10 times as active as the phospholipase C, with an apparent Km of 0.63 mM towards 1-acyl-2-arachidonylphosphatidylinositol at pH 7.5. The phospholipase C activity, on the other hand, hydrolyzed 1-acyl-2 arachidonylphosphatidylinositol or 1-acyl-2-arachidonylphosphatidylethanolamine and yielded 1-acyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycerol. This 1,2-diacylglycerol could be phosphorylated to form 1-acyl-2-[14C]arachidonyl-sn-phosphoglycerol (phosphatidic acid), but could not be hydrolyzed to produce free [14C]arachidonic acid using stomach mucosal microsomes. Phospholipase A2 and phospholipase C attack 1-acyl-2 arachidonylphosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol equally well, but hydrolyze 1-acyl-2-arachidonylphosphatidylcholine poorly. PMID- 7025918 TI - Conformational properties of the protease from Staphylococcus aureus studied by circular dichroism. AB - The conformational properties of the protease from Staphylococcus aureus strain V8 were studied by the CD probe. The CD spectra in the far ultraviolet zone displayed a negative band at 205-207 nm but no positive bands were observed at 191-198 nm. This indicates that the protease was devoid of significant amounts of the alpha-helix and pleated sheet conformations, i.e., that the polypeptide chain was folded into a unique irregular (aperiodic) conformation. The structure was relatively insensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate and high concentrations of aliphatic alcohols but it was readily perturbed by acid and alkali. This suggests that the three-dimensional structure of this protein is stabilized chiefly by electrostatic interactions. Significant differences in the tertiary structure of the protease were indicated by the CD spectra at the two enzyme activity maxima (pH 4.1 and pH 7.6-8.2). PMID- 7025919 TI - [Electrochemical regulation of the transfer of excitation energy in chlorophyll protein complexes]. AB - Red absorption band and fluorescence of an artificial chlorophyll-albumin complex (MW 220 kD) resemble the spectroscopic properties of P 680 shifts toward longer waves with the solution pH from 7.3 to 2.5. It is suggested that light induced pH under in vivo conditions may cause similar changes which may lead to changes in the distribution of excitation energy within the pigment system of photosynthesizing organisms. PMID- 7025920 TI - [Changes in the structure of F-actin following muscle denervation]. PMID- 7025921 TI - Photodependent incorporation of arylazido-beta-alanyl-NAD+ into the coenzyme binding site of yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - Yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was labeled in a photodependent reaction by the arylazido-beta-alanyl derivative of NAD+. This analogue was bound covalently to the enzyme and could be reduced in situ by the substrate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. That this derivative was bound to the active site in the proper orientation was shown by fluorescence experiments, from the retention of the enzymatic activity when the photolysis of the enzyme-analogue binary complex was carried out in the presence of NAD+. In the dark a non-photodependent competitive inhibition corresponding to a KI-value of 150 microM was observed. Thiol groups of the enzyme were not modified in the photolabeling reaction. Of the various arylazido-beta-alanyl nucleotide derivatives studied, the NADP+ derivative influenced the enzymatic activity to the greatest extent; this is probably due to an ionic bond between enzyme and nucleotide, in addition to the covalent bond of the photolytic reaction. PMID- 7025922 TI - Photocrosslinking of thiolated aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomal RNA and proteins. AB - tRNA has been converted to a form that can be photoactivated by chemical modification of some of the exposed cytidine residues to thio-4-uridine A certain percentage of the modified molecules can be charged and bound to the ribosome; thiolated fMet-tRNAfMet is bound to the P-site as shown by puromycin reactivity. Near the UV irradiation produces covalent crosslinks between total thiolated AA tRNA or fMet-tRNAfMet and the ribosome. AA-tRNA becomes crosslinked to both 30S and 50S subunits but fMet-tRNAfMet to 50S subunits alone. In each case, crosslinking of tRNA was found to be not only to ribosomal proteins, but also to rRNA. The covalent complexes appear sufficiently stable to allow identification of the proteins or rRNA sequences involved. PMID- 7025923 TI - [Role of RNA polymerase in ensuring fidelity in copying the template during transcription in E. coli]. AB - The heterogeneity of cell size of E. coli WU-36-10-11-12 and its four RNA polymerase (rif-r) mutants with pleiotropic effect -- rpoB401, rpoB402, rpoB403 and rpoB409 was investigated for the purposeful choice of E. coli mutant with an altered fidelity of transcription. The stability of the phenotype of E. coli strains was shown to depend on the structural state of RNA polymerase. In vitro RNA-polymerase of the morphologically most unstable mutant rpoB402 incorporates non-complementary GMP or CMP on the poly [d(AT).d(AT)] template more frequently than the enzyme from the wild-type strain. The data obtained suggest that the beta-subunit of RNA-polymerase determines the fidelity of transcription and the selection of complementary nucleotides. PMID- 7025924 TI - [Interaction of the membrane transport proteins in E. coli K12]. AB - The inhibition kinetics of NO2PheGal transport by MeGlc in E. coli K12 were studied. The inhibitory effect was observed only at definite ratio of the corresponding transport proteins -- enzyme IIglc and beta-galactoside permease. It was shown that in this case, beside the repressive effect of MeGlc on beta galactoside transport, beta-galactosides (GalSGal) can also inhibit the rate of MeGle accumulation. The data obtained suggest that in the region of maximal inhibitory effect the conformation of both membrane proteins are changed, which leads to an increase in the activity of enzyme IIglc and its affinity for MeGlc. It was assumed that the phenomenon observed is not unique and is in general conformity with the postulate that under certain conditions many bacterial membrane proteins can come into interaction, thus changing their activity. PMID- 7025925 TI - Chronic maternal hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia. A model for experimental intrauterine growth retardation. AB - Chronic hypoglycemia was produced in pregnant rats during the last third of gestation through the constant infusion of insulin by a subcutaneously implanted, osmotically driven minipump. The offspring, delivered by cesarean section on day 20 of gestation, demonstrated intrauterine growth retardation compared to control fetuses. This effect was associated with fetal hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. Fetal total and branch-chain amino acid concentrations were not affected. Increases in maternal to fetal glucose ratio and fetal insulin to glucose ratio in the experimental group were interpreted to indicate that limitation in the availability of glucose, a major fetal nutrient, was the basis for these effects. PMID- 7025926 TI - Hypothalamo-hypophyseal sensitivity to hormones in the hen. II. Plasma concentrations of LH, progesterone, and testosterone in response to peripheral and central injections of LHRH or testosterone. PMID- 7025927 TI - Improved method for the preparation and purification of boar m alpha-acrosin. PMID- 7025928 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the human female reproductive tract: distribution and motor effects. PMID- 7025929 TI - Lifetime of fluorescence from light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b proteins. Excitation intensity dependence. AB - The fluorescence from a purified, aggregate form of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein has a lifetime of 1.2 +/- 0.5 ns at low excitation intensity, but the lifetime decreases significantly when the intensity of the 20 ps, 530-nm excitation pulse is increased above about 10(16) photons/cm2. A solubilized, monomeric form of the protein, on the other hand, has a fluorescence lifetime of 3.1 +/- 0.3 ns independent of excitation intensity from 10(14)-10(18) photons/cm2/pulse. We interpret the lifetime shortening in the aggregates and the lack of shortening in monomers in terms of exciton annihilation, facilitated in the aggregate by the larger population of interacting chlorophylls. PMID- 7025930 TI - Quasielastic light scattering from migrating chemotactic bands of Escherichia coli. II. Analysis of anisotropic bacterial motions. AB - Chemotactic effects of dissolved oxygen on motions of Escherichia coli in a motility buffer solution have been studied by measurements of quasielastic light scattering. Under conditions where the bacteria form a sharp band in an oxygen concentrations gradient created by their metabolism, components of motions along the direction of the gradient and perpendicular to it were studied separately at each point within the band profile. A theoretical model for bacterial self correlation function based on two-state motions has been developed to extract the mean square speed of run motion and the relative probability of twiddle vs. run at each point of the band profile. A combined novel experimental set-up and new data analysis method allowed us to extract also the mean square displacements at short times along and perpendicular to the direction of the gradient. Parameters extracted from the measured correlation functions have been discussed in the framework of the established picture of bacterial motions under chemotaxis. PMID- 7025931 TI - Negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry: applications in environmental analytical chemistry. PMID- 7025932 TI - The regulation of protein synthesis in mammalian cells by amino acid supply. PMID- 7025933 TI - Repeated suboptimal pregnancy outcome. PMID- 7025934 TI - Effects of almitrine in decompensated chronic respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 7025935 TI - Positive end-expiratory vs negative external pressure mechanical ventilation during pulmonary edema in dogs. PMID- 7025937 TI - President's remarks. Norbert J. Roberts, M.D. President the New York Academy of Medicine. PMID- 7025936 TI - A new diagnostic test to assess airway reactivity in asthmatics. PMID- 7025938 TI - Presentation of academy plaque to Edward Elliot Fischel, M.D. PMID- 7025939 TI - Presentation of academy medal to Karl Meyer, M.D., Ph.D. PMID- 7025940 TI - Medicine in the Continental Army, 1775-1781. PMID- 7025941 TI - Biopsy of the breast. PMID- 7025942 TI - Who do we pace? PMID- 7025943 TI - The sexual problems of diabetic men. AB - Diabetic men are prone to develop sexual problems, the most common being erectile failure. In the past this diabetic impotence has been regarded as a discrete clinical entity, providing one of the best examples of a physically-induced failure of erection. It now appears likely that the clinical picture and aetiology are more involved than had been suspected, there being a complex interaction between physical and psychological influences. Assessment and treatment need to take account of this interaction by concentrating not only on the form of the sexual disturbance but also on its context. PMID- 7025944 TI - Congenital abnormalities of the limbs. PMID- 7025945 TI - Congenital abnormalities of the CNS. PMID- 7025946 TI - Dissecting aneurysms of the aorta. PMID- 7025947 TI - Effects of phosphate-modified adenine nucleotide analogues on insulin secretion from perfused rat pancreas. AB - 1 The effects of three methylene analogues of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) or 5'-diphosphate (ADP) have been studied on insulin secretion from the isolated perfused pancreas of the rat: 5'-adenylmethylene diphosphonate or beta, gamma methylene ATP, adenosine 5'-alpha, beta-methylene triphosphate or alpha, beta methylene ATP and adenosine 5'-alpha, beta-methylene diphosphonate or alpha, beta methylene ADP. 2 beta, gamma-Methylene ATP did not elicit any increase of insulin release: alpha, beta-methylene ATP and alpha, beta-methylene ADP induced a biphasic stimulation of insulin secretion; this effect was dose-related between 1.65 and 165 mumol/l. Relative potency ATP/alpha, beta-methylene ATP was 1.2 and ATP/alpha, beta-methylene ADP was 0.31. 3 Our results point to the importance of the steric and electronic characteristics of the polyphosphate chain of the analogues of ATP and ADP in inducing an insulin secretory effect. They support the hypothesis of a purine receptor for ATP and ADP. PMID- 7025948 TI - Enteral administration of insulin in the rat. AB - 1 The effect of the surfactant, Cetomacrogol 1000, on the absorption of insulin across the rectal mucosa has been studied. 2 Rectal administration of microenemata containing Cetomacrogal 1000 and insulin causes a rise in the plasma concentration of insulin and a consequent fall in the blood glucose concentration in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. 3 The hypoglycaemic response is dependent on both the concentration of surfactant and the dose of insulin administered. 4 The results suggest that the transport of insulin across the rectal mucosa is facilitated by Cetomacrogal 1000. PMID- 7025949 TI - Cigarette smoke inhalation specifically inhibits depressor responses to prostacyclin in the rat. AB - Studies have been made of the effects of prior exposure to cigarette smoke on cardiovascular responses of the anaesthetized rat to arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), PGF2 alpha and PGI2. When compared with a control group, falls in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and tachycardia following intravenous PGI2 were significantly reduced in those animals exposed to smoke 1 and 24 h previously. Responses 48 h after exposure were not significantly different. Pressor effects of PGF2 alpha and depressor responses to arachidonic acid and PGE2 were not significantly affected these times. It is suggested that the specific and long lasting attenuation of the effects of PGI2 which occurs following cigarette smoke inhalation could contribute to both acute cardiovascular changes and the circulatory diseases associated with smoking. PMID- 7025950 TI - Psychiatry in traditional Chinese medicine. PMID- 7025951 TI - The urological complications of 1000 renal transplants. AB - Two hundred and one urological complications have been diagnosed and treated in 123 transplant recipients in a series of 1000 consecutive renal transplant operations (overall incidence 12.5%). Obstructive uropathies and urinary fistulae accounted for 95% of these complications and all of the mortality (22%). Details of management and patient and graft survival are given. A relationship between mortality from a urological complication and steroid dosage was found. A 30% incidence of recurrent or secondary urological complications was also noted with correspondingly worsened prognosis. Early diagnosis followed by early aggressive surgical treatment is advocated. PMID- 7025952 TI - A low power magnification technique for reanastomosis of the vas. PMID- 7025953 TI - Biographical note on Theodor Billroth. PMID- 7025954 TI - Recurrent ulcer. PMID- 7025955 TI - Dumping and diarrhoea. PMID- 7025956 TI - Duodenogastric reflux after gastric operations. PMID- 7025957 TI - Recurrent ulceration after highly selective vagotomy for duodenal ulcer. AB - Recurrent peptic ulceration was diagnosed in 9 per cent of 433 patients who were treated by elective highly selective vagotomy (HSV) for duodenal ulcer (DU) between 1969 and 1980. In 233 patients followed up for 5-12 years (12 per cent being lost to follow-up), the incidence of recurrence was 10.7 per cent. The site of recurrence was duodenal in 23 patients, pyloric in 4, gastric in 6 and combined duodenal and gastric in 2 (total of 35 patients). One patient presented with a perforation, l4 with haemorrhage and 30 with epigastric pain. Asymptomatic patients were not endoscoped and so asymptomatic recurrence would have been missed. Nine patients were treated by reoperation (5 Polya partial gastrectomy, 4 vagotomy + antrectomy), the remainder with cimetidine. There was no mortality. When the 35 patients with recurrence were compared with the patients without recurrence, no preoperative factors could be identified that might be used to predict recurrence. Thus, for the two groups, the sex distribution, age, length of ulcer history, previous ulcer complications and preoperative acid outputs (basal and maximal) were very similar. This was true also when the data for patients with true recurrence in the duodenum were examined separately. Hence, contrary to some previous reports, no evidence was found that patients who are hypersecretors of acid, either basal or maximal, before operation should be treated by vagotomy combined with antrectomy. After HSV, however, patients with recurrent DU secreted more acid (basal, insulin and pentagastrin-stimulated) than patients without recurrence, the difference between the two groups being statistically significant for basal acid output (BAO) and the response to insulin. The only factor which was found to influence the incidence of recurrent ulceration after HSV strongly was the surgeon who performed the operation. PMID- 7025958 TI - Perineal rectopexy for rectal prolapse. AB - Twenty-two female patients (mean age 75 years) with complete rectal prolapse have been treated by operative fixation of the rectum to the sacrum using a perineal approach. There has been no operative mortality, sepsis or serious morbidity. Recurrence of complete prolapse has been seen once only within a month of operation and was due to inadequate operative fixation. The other 21 patients have been followed for up to 4 years. This type of operation may be the treatment of choice in the elderly patient considered unfit for major abdominal surgery but further experience is required before it can be advocated in other groups of patients. PMID- 7025959 TI - Do prostacyclin and thromboxane play a role in endotoxic shock? AB - The role of prostacyclin and thromboxane during endotoxic shock is unknown. Using new radioimmunoassay techniques, we have studied the plasma levels of stable metabolites of prostacyclin (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and thromboxane (TxB2) in a porcine model of endotoxic shock. TxB2 levels were markedly elevated but the production of prostacyclin appears to be impaired. Correction of this prostanoid imbalance by the infusion of prostacyclin or pre-treatment with a specific thromboxane synthetase inhibitor produces significant and beneficial effects on blood pressure and pre-kallikrein activation. PMID- 7025960 TI - A controlled trial of colostomy management by natural evacuation, irrigation and foam enema. AB - Twenty patients entered a prospective controlled trial of colostomy management by three techniques--natural evacuation, colostomy irrigation and foam enema. Every patient spent 2 months using each technique. The mean number of colostomy actions weekly was 17 during natural evacuation, 6 during irrigation and 10 with the enema. There was no significant difference in the time taken to manage the colostomy by each technique. Eighteen patients considered that both irrigation and the foam enema improved the quality of their life, and opted to continue with irrigation on completion of the study. There were no major complications during the trial but leakage of foam and an increase in flatus were problems with the foam enema. It is concluded that patients should be made aware of the alternative methods available for colostomy management and be encouraged to use the method of their choice. PMID- 7025961 TI - Radiology in veterinary science. PMID- 7025962 TI - A method for the simultaneous estimation of regional rates of glucose influx and phosphorylation in rat brain using radiolabeled 2-deoxyglucose. AB - A procedure is described which allows the simultaneous estimation of the rate of glucose influx from blood to brain and of the rate of glucose phosphorylation in discrete brain regions of the rat. The method is applicable over an experimental period of 5 min and involves sequential i.v. injections of [14C]2-deoxyglucose and [3H]2-deoxyglucose. Arterial blood samples are collected over the experimental period. After 5 min the rat is killed by microwave irradiation to the head and the brain dissected. The data obtained on glucose, 2-deoxyglucose and 2-deoxyglucosephosphate concentrations in plasma and brain are analyzed in terms of a model which relates the kinetics of 2-deoxyglucose uptake and phosphorylation to those of glucose. The model is based on measurements made of the relative rates of unidirectional influx of glucose and 2-deoxyglucose and of their relative fractional rates of phosphorylation. PMID- 7025963 TI - The behavioural effects of enkephalin analogues injected into the ventral tegmental area and globus pallidus. AB - Two stable analogues of enkephalin D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide (DAMA) and D Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE) injected bilaterally into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) induced locomotion, characterized by bursts of morphine-like activity. The response of DADLE was blocked by systemic-alpha-flupenthixol (0.2 mg/kg) and naloxone (1 mg/kg). At higher doses of enkephalins in the VTA, stereotypy behaviour involving gnawing, became apparent. When injected bilaterally into the globus pallidus (GP), both analogues induced a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity but stereotypy was not observed. The locomotor behaviour induced by DADLE was blocked by naloxone but not by alpha-flupenthixol. These results suggest that naloxone-sensitive opiate receptors modulate, at a number of different sites, the neural pathways involved in the expression of behavioural activity. PMID- 7025964 TI - Antihistamine-sensitive vasodilatation in the canine hindlimb evoked by electrical stimulation rostral to the hypothalamus. AB - Electrical stimulation was carried out at various sites in the brain of anaesthetized dogs pretreated with guanethidine. Stimulation at some sites elicited cholinergic vasodilator responses in the femoral vascular bed while stimulation at other sites produced non-cholinergic vasodilator responses which were prevented by histamine antagonists administered into the hindlimb. The central sites mediating the two types of responses were anatomically distinct. PMID- 7025965 TI - Angiotensin generation in the brain and drinking: indications for the involvement of endopeptidase activity distinct from cathepsin D. AB - The dipsogenic activity of two artificial renin substrates, tetradecapeptide and tridecapeptide, was studied. The dose-response curves obtained with these peptides, following intracerebroventricular administration, were similar to that of angiotensin I. The angiotensin II antagonist, Sar1, Ala8-angiotensin II, inhibited the dipsogenic effect of tetradecapeptide, indicating the conversion of the latter peptide into angiotensin II. The lower dipsogenic activity of tridecapeptide points to a conversion of this renin substrate into angiotensin III. Specific inhibition of tetradecapeptide induced drinking by the endopeptidase inhibitor N-acetyl-pepstatin suggests the involvement of an endopeptidase in the conversion of the renin substrates in the brain. Two endopeptidases present in the brain (cathepsin D and renin), were compared with respect to their capacity to generate angiotensin I from artificial renin substrate in vitro. Cathepsin D was active under only acidic pH conditions, whereas renin showed a wider pH range with maximal activity in the non-acidic region. Moreover, cathepsin D did not generate angiotensin I from natural, cerebrospinal fluid-angiotensinogen in vitro, and lacked dipsogenic activity following central administration. Small amounts of renin, however, were able to release angiotensin I from cerebrospinal fluid in vitro. In addition, this enzyme induced high dipsogenic activity upon intracerebroventricular injection. These results support the existence of a functionally active central renin-angiotensin system and provide an argument against the involvement of cathepsin D in the formation of angiotensin I in the brain. PMID- 7025966 TI - CCK-containing terminals in the hippocampus are derived from intrinsic neurons: an immunohistochemical and radioimmunological study. PMID- 7025967 TI - Fluorescent staining of neuromuscular junctions by using the antibody against acetylcholine receptors of Narke japonica, and double staining with the antibody and erabutoxin b. AB - The neuromuscular junctions of various vertebrates were visualized by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using antibody against purified acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) of the electric organ from Narke japonica. Further, by using rhodamine-labeled erabutoxin b (TMR-Eb), we showed that AChRs at the neuromuscular junctions of frog, chick and mouse muscle could not be doubly stained with the antibody and erabutoxin b. AChRs of snake muscle could not be stained with TMR-Eb, while they were stained with the antibody against AChR. Moreover, the antibody did not inhibit the binding of 3H-labeled erabutoxin b to the solubilized AChRs from the mouse muscle. These results indicate that, as far as the antibodies against Narke AChRs are concerned, most antibody-binding sites in the molecules of muscle AChR in situ are different from those responsible for binding of the snake neurotoxin. PMID- 7025968 TI - [Bicanalicular ring intubation]. PMID- 7025969 TI - [Address of the President of the Academie Nationale de Medecine]. PMID- 7025970 TI - [Address of the Universities Minister]. PMID- 7025971 TI - [A half-century of rheumatology: 1930-1980]. PMID- 7025972 TI - [Quantitative assessment of mitral and aortic regurgitation]. PMID- 7025973 TI - [Study of the cost of disease]. PMID- 7025974 TI - [Hyperinsulinism of the newborn infant of diabetic mothers]. PMID- 7025975 TI - [Difficulty of case finding in chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7025976 TI - [Internal medicine and geriatrics]. PMID- 7025977 TI - [The present and future of child victims of abuse]. PMID- 7025978 TI - [Reconstruction of the breast following mastectomy. History, current status, future perspectives]. PMID- 7025979 TI - [Complex morphologic modifications observed on the surface of red blood cells parasitized by Plasmodium berghei (1)]. PMID- 7025980 TI - [The use of French in medical and biological literature. Report no. 3. In the name of Commission XII]. PMID- 7025981 TI - [Intense physical training of children and adolescents]. PMID- 7025982 TI - [Final results of the activities of the work-shop on sports medicine and doping]. PMID- 7025983 TI - [An international code for the commercialization of human with substitutes]. PMID- 7025984 TI - [Request for permission to exploit for use as a natural mineral water from the Saint Eloi springs at Amneville (Moselle)]. PMID- 7025985 TI - [Beds for an average stay in cardiology]. PMID- 7025986 TI - [Pere Elisee, The first surgeon to Louis XVIII and the founding of the French Academy of Medicine]. PMID- 7025987 TI - [Gastroduodenal hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulants]. PMID- 7025988 TI - [Stigmata of the mystics]. PMID- 7025989 TI - [Genetic factors in the pathogenesis of asbestosis]. PMID- 7025990 TI - [Hemicolectomy or segmental colectomy in the management of cancers of the left colon]. PMID- 7025991 TI - [Scanographic study of 100 cases of adrenal diseases]. PMID- 7025992 TI - [Preventive medicine in 1980. Its field of action, its results]. PMID- 7025993 TI - [Development and perspectives of preventive medicine]. PMID- 7025994 TI - [Hospital hygiene, an essential element for a policy of prevention in hospitals]. PMID- 7025995 TI - [The HLA system and susceptibility to diseases]. PMID- 7025997 TI - PEEP and the Bain circuit. AB - The feasibility of applying positive end expiratory pressure within the Bain circuit using an Emerson PEEP valve was studied. It was determined that varying degrees of PEEP may be applied within the Bain circuit using an Emerson PEEP valve during either mechanically or manually controlled ventilation but not during spontaneous breathing. There was some loss of measured tidal volume with increasing PEEP, due primarily to compression gas losses but also from leakage throughout the system. The maximum gas loss was 100 ml per minute at PEEP 15 cm H2O under test conditions. PEEP may be applied between the Bain tubing and the manifold. However, one should then never allow the patient to breathe spontaneously as the PEEP valve presents an obstruction to inspiratory flow. With the PEEP valve relocated between the Bain manifold and the ventilator hose it was found that application of PEEP was possible without this disadvantage, but only during mechanical ventilation. PMID- 7025998 TI - Location of broken instrument fragments. PMID- 7025996 TI - [Control of gastric acidity with cimetidine given as premedication before general anesthesia: efficacy and tolerance]. AB - Cimetidine 400 mg was administered intramuscularly 60 minutes before the beginning of general anaesthesia. The double blind experiment was conducted on 84 patients divided in two groups: cimetidine and control. There was no difference in gastric fluid volume between the two groups during general anaesthesia, but acid secretion decreased significantly in the cimetidine group. Values of pH lower than 2.5 were observed in 33.3 per cent at induction and 34 per cent at recovery in the control group against 14.6 per cent and 0 per cent in the cimetidine group. Clinical tolerance to cimetidine was studied in 100 patients during operation. Cimetidine did not alter pharmacological action of usual anaesthetics. There were no significant changes in cardiovascular and electrocardiographic data. PMID- 7025999 TI - Information yield from routine bitewing radiographs for young adults. PMID- 7026000 TI - Alberta x-ray protection program. PMID- 7026002 TI - Edentulous area modification of the continuous sling suture. PMID- 7026001 TI - [Butterfly prosthesis and the use of a luting agent for its fixation]. PMID- 7026003 TI - An investigation of the effects of a tricalcium phosphate--zinc polyacrylate cement implant on bone. PMID- 7026004 TI - Tooth transplantation--a treatment modality in periodontosis. PMID- 7026005 TI - Periodontosis. Part II: Diagnosis and classification. PMID- 7026006 TI - Periodontal soft tissue respiration. PMID- 7026007 TI - Change in dental student profiles: preadmission to pregraduation. A pilot study. PMID- 7026008 TI - Patient supply for dental schools in the 1980s. PMID- 7026009 TI - Dedication of the Archibald Amphitheatre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, June 1981. PMID- 7026010 TI - Psychiatric aspects of therapeutic abortion. AB - A search of the literature on the psychiatric aspects of abortion revealed poor study design, a lack of clear criteria for decisions for or against abortion, poor definition of psychologic symptoms experienced by patients, absence of control groups in clinical studies, and indecisiveness and uncritical attitudes in writers from various disciplines. A review of the sequelae of therapeutic abortion revealed that although the data are vague, symptoms of depression were reported most frequently, whereas those of psychosis were rare. Positive emotional responses and a favourable attitude toward therapeutic abortion were often reported, although again the statistical bases for these reports were inadequate. There was a lack of evidence that the reported effects were due to having an abortion rather than to other variables.Other areas dealt with inadequately in most of the articles reviewed included analyses of symptoms and of the evidence on the duration of sequelae, descriptions of the criteria for approving abortions, investigation of the psychiatric histories of the patients, presentation of data on the effects of refusing abortion requests, systematic study of a number of epidemiologic factors, and analyses of the circumstances leading to pregnancy in patients having abortions. The evidence was found to be sparse on the effects of supportive relationships, different abortion techniques and the length of gestation on the psychologic status of patients. Little attention was paid to the consequences of psychiatric labelling of patients, or to the effect of having an abortion on factors that may influence future pregnancies.The potential roles of health care professionals appear to deserve more study, and little research seems to have been done to compare the psychologic factors associated with abortion and those associated with live birth. As well, there is little evidence that differences in abortion legislation account for significant differences in the psychologic reactions of patients to abortion. PMID- 7026011 TI - Pregnancy in diabetic women: outcome with a program aimed at normoglycemia before meals. AB - A program designed to achieve normal plasma glucose concentrations before meals was tested in 83 insulin-dependent diabetic women during 110 pregnancies. The women rigidly controlled their carbohydrate intake but not their total energy intake, and twice daily they injected a combination of short-acting (Toronto) and intermediate-acting (NPH or Lente) insulin. Obstetric care was highly individualized and was aimed at avoiding or minimizing the impact of complications, such as hypertension, on the fetus and ensuring fetal lung maturity before delivery. The mean plasma glucose levels before meals (+/- standard error of the mean) were 136 +/- 9, 117 +/- 5 and 101 +/- 2 mg/dl during the first, second and third trimesters respectively. Obstetric complications included hypertensive disease of pregnancy (in 30.0%) and hydramnios (in 16.4%). The mean gestational age (+/- standard deviation [SD]) was 38.1 +/- 1.8 weeks, the cesarean section rate 45.4% and the mean stay in hospital for diabetes control before delivery (+/- SD) 15.7 +/- 9.6 days. The perinatal mortality rate was 0.9%. Neonatal problems included congenital anomalies in 3.6%, somatomegaly in 24.6%, hypoglycemia in 26.5%, hypocalcemia in 17.3% and hyperbilirubinemia in 39.4%. There were nine cases (8.2%) of the respiratory distress syndrome, four (3.6%) of which were severe. These findings lend support to the importance of a policy aimed at achieving normoglycemia and fetal lung maturity before delivery, goals that are attainable without lengthy antenatal hospitalization. PMID- 7026012 TI - Velikovsky: psychiatrist, historian and catastrophist. PMID- 7026013 TI - Maternal nutrition in pregnancy. Part I: a review. AB - Maternal undernutrition may result in a greater deprivation of the fetus than has previously been believed. The infant not only may be "light for dates" but also has an increased risk of perinatal disability or death secondary to gross neurologic and developmental abnormalities. This article reviews current knowledge of the energy, protein, iron, vitamin, sodium and calcium requirements in pregnancy, with special reference to the management of the underweight and overweight pregnant women. PMID- 7026014 TI - Maternal nutrition in pregnancy. Part II: the implications of previous gastrointestinal operations and bowel disorders. AB - Pregnant patients who have undergone a gastrointestinal operation for morbid obesity or who have active inflammatory bowel disease or hyperemesis gravidarum run a risk of undernutrition or even severe malnutrition with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion or fetal damage. This article reviews the medical and nutritional management of these gastrointestinal conditions. PMID- 7026015 TI - Hereditary pancreatitis: report of an affected Canadian kindred and review of the disease. AB - Hereditary pancreatitis is an autosomal dominant disease with no other known cause. It usually begins in childhood and is characterized by recurrent attacks of abdominal pain of variable intensity and duration, followed by symptom-free periods. The diagnosis is usually made in early adult life, when pancreatic insufficiency and calcifications appear. Complications are less frequent than in nonhereditary chronic pancreatitis. There are also differences between the two forms of chronic pancreatitis in sex incidence, etiologic factors and life expectancy. In a Canadian kindred three generations are affected with hereditary pancreatitis; there are four definite and four suspected cases. More than 40 affected kindreds, including 195 proven cases and 190 suspected cases, have now been reported in the literature. Thus, hereditary pancreatitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic relapsing pancreatitis of unknown cause as well as recurrent abdominal pain in childhood. PMID- 7026016 TI - The use of endometrial biopsy in the infertile mare. AB - The results of a study on endometrial biopsies obtained from 700 infertile mares are reported. Infiltrative endometritis was present in 51% consisting of a combination of an acute and chronic cellular response in 6%, mild chronic infiltrations in 35% and moderate to severe chronic infiltrations in 10%. Demonstrable endometrial fibrosis was found in 88% of the mares with the majority having mild (51%) or moderate (35%) changes. The age of the mares and the average number of years barren gradually increased with the severity of endometrial fibrosis, as did the combined incidence of fetal loss (early embryonic death and abortion) during the three year period preceding the biopsy.A significant decrease in foaling percentage for the year following the biopsy was observed with increasing severity of endometrial fibrosis. Chisquare analysis projected a decrease in foaling rate of 22.8% for each category increase in severity. The number of years barren and the farm management system used also had a significant effect on foaling probability. The foaling rates for mares that were bred artificially (82%) under strict veterinary supervision using an extender incorporating gentamicin were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than for mares bred in a conventional manner under average management conditions (48%). It was concluded that endometrial biopsy is a valuable diagnostic and prognostic technique. When the degree of fibrosis is used to predict foaling probability, the number of years barren and the breeding method to be used should also be considered to arrive at a more accurate prediction. PMID- 7026017 TI - The veterinary practitioner and diseases exotic to Canada. AB - Veterinarians, in clinical practice, regulatory field work, laboratory diagnosis or research, must work together as a team, each within his area of expertise in order to protect the livestock industry of Canada from exotic diseases. This freedom from many of the serious animal plagues has allowed the development of intensive animal production units with increased vulnerability to disease and in which the impact of disease outbreaks may be more serious. In differential diagnoses one should think not only of the classical exotic diseases such as vesicular diseases, swine fever and rinderpest in today's world, but one should constantly be on the outlook for any disease outbreak that does not quite fit the picture of the domestic diseases. From this standpoint the large animal practitioner is the very important "first line of defense" since, in all likelihood, he will be the first to see a disease exotic to Canada should that disease gain entry. PMID- 7026018 TI - Chemoimmunotherapy with levamisole in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were in two consecutive protocols and in complete remission (CR) with maintenance therapy, were randomized to receive or not receive levamisole. A total of 15 of 55 low-risk patients of protocol 10-LLA-72 with levamisole had relapses, compared with 25 of 54 not receiving levamisole; 67 and 49%, respectively, remain in CR at 48 months (P less than 0.025). In protocol 1-LLA-76, 14 of 91 low-risk patients on levamisole and 25 of 93 patients receiving levamisole had relapses; 78 and 61%, respectively, remain in CR at 36 months (P less than 0.05). Seventeen of 39 high risk patients (children with a leukocyte count higher than 50,000 and adults) receiving levamisole had relapses compared with 37 of 61 not on levamisole. The DNCB skin test showed at 18 and 24 months a 74 and 85% positivity in the levamisole groups vs. a 38 and 35% positivity in the control group (P less than 0.025). We conclude that levamisole prolongs the duration of CR and survival in low-risk patients with ALL. PMID- 7026019 TI - Childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: long-term results of an intensive chemotherapy regimen. AB - Twenty-nine consecutive children with untreated non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma were admitted to Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan during the period from 1974 through 1976 and underwent treatment with chemotherapeutic regimens consisting of Adriamycin, Cytoxan, vincristine, and prednisone (two month induction phase) and 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, Adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone (maintenance phase). Each patient, regardless of clinical stage of histologic subgroup, was given the same chemotherapy. The complete response rate was 66%. Due to the high incidence of recurrence of the initial bulky lymphomatous mass and of spread to the central nervous system (CNS), local radiotherapy was given to ten children and CNS prophylaxis (brain radiotherapy + intrathecal methotrexate) to 11 children. After a follow-up period in excess of 40 months, there were five disease-free survivors (17%). Each patient who had a relapse died from the disease. The main reason for first treatment failure was relapse at the level of the primary bulky tumor site or spread to the CNS. This type of CNS prophylaxis did not prevent relapse at this site. PMID- 7026020 TI - Chemotherapy of advanced breast cancer: a randomized trial of vincristine, Adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5 fluorouracil, and prednisone (CMFP). AB - Fifty-one patients with metastatic breast cancer were randomly allocated to receive either a four drug combination consisting of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and prednisone (CMFP), or a combination of vincristine, Adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) with cross-over on relapse. Objective responses were seen in 17 of 26 patients (65%) in the CMFP group and in 14 of 25 patients (56%) in the VAC group, but this difference was not statistically significant. The median duration of response for each group was one year. The estimated median survival was greater for the CMFP group, but this was not significant. Toxicity was more severe with the VAC regimen. It is concluded that there is no therapeutic advantage of the VAC over the CMFP regimen. PMID- 7026021 TI - Eye toxicity of cancer chemotherapy: a review of the literature. PMID- 7026022 TI - Radiation-induced leukemias in ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 7026023 TI - Morphologic criteria for the differentiation of follicular lymphoma from florid reactive follicular hyperplasia: a study of 80 cases. AB - A study was made of 80 patients whose lymph nodes were characterized by the presence of follicles throughout the lymph node. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the clinical follow-up information. The first group consisted of 20 patients who were alive and disease-free at the end of five years without therapy. The patients in this group were classified as having florid reactive follicular hyperplasia (FRFH). The second group of 60 patients had progressive, recurrent, clinically active disease and were classified as having follicular lymphoma (FL). Forty-six were dead of active disease, and 14 were alive with disease. Various morphologic parameters were evaluated at low and high magnification, and statistical comparisons were made between FRFH and FL. Although several criteria were helpful in distinguishing FRFH from FL, the single most valuable criterion was the type of pattern encountered. Follicles of variable size and shape lying adjacent to each other throughout the lymph node without or with very little intervening tissue are diagnostic of FL. This pattern was evident in 85% of the FL cases, but was not observed in any of the cases of FRFH. PMID- 7026024 TI - A comparison of tube leukocyte adherence inhibition assay and standard physical methods for diagnosing colorectal cancer. AB - In vitro antitumor immunity, measured by means of a tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay, was able to demonstrate early colorectal cancer in cases yet undiagnosed. Testing 106 patients attending a colonoscopy clinic, we found that nine of 15 (60%) patients with colorectal cancer were LAI-positive. The nine included: five of six with Dukes' A and B; one of two with Dukes' C; and three of seven with Dukes' D lesions. Of 58 patients without colon neoplasia, one had a positive test. By contrast, barium enema results were diagnostic for 13 of 15 (87%) cases and colonoscopy for 11 of 15 (73%). There were 32 colon polyps discovered by means of barium enema and colonoscopy. Of 13 adenomas removed, four had stimulated positive LAI responses. Of another 19 polyps not removed two incited positive LAI responses. Two patients with histories of recurrent adenomas were LAI-positive, though only one had a new polyp that could be detected by means of barium enema. For a procedure to be of diagnostic value for a given disease, sensitivity and specificity must be at least 1.0. If this sum is 2.0, the test is ideal. The sum of sensitivity and specificity for the tube LAI assay, barium enema, and colonoscopy were 1.58, 1.87, and 1.73, respectively, for colorectal cancer; 1.81, 2.0, and 2.0, respectively, for early colorectal cancer; and 1.42, 1.77, and 1.55 respectively, for advanced colorectal cancer. In this limited series of patients, the barium enema seems to be superior to the tube LAI assay for diagnosing colorectal cancer, but the difference in sensitivity and specificity is not statistically valid by the paired chi square test. The results of this study shows conclusively, that the tube LAI is of diagnostic value and suggest its use for evaluating suspected cases, especially early ones, of colorectal cancer. PMID- 7026025 TI - Heterochromatin polymorphism and human cancer. PMID- 7026026 TI - The chromosomes in hematology. PMID- 7026027 TI - Immunobiological properties of 1-butanol-extracted cell surface antigens. AB - Extracts of viable 3-methylcholanthrene-induced murine sarcoma cells (MCA-F and MCA-2A) prepared using single-phase (2.5%) 1-butanol significantly retarded the outgrowth of the homotypic, but not the heterotypic, tumor of syngeneic C3H/HeJ mice. Butanol extracts specifically evoked a delayed hypersensitivity response in tumor-immune syngeneic mice, but not in alloimmune DBA/2J mice. Crude butanol extracts of MCA-F cells did not contain alloantigenic activity, as shown by their inability to block H-2 or Ia-specific antibodies in a complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay. Absorption of these same allospecific reagents with untreated or with butanol-extracted cells indicated that H-2 antigens remain associated with the cell surface during extraction. Thus, butanol appears to release tumor antigens, but not alloantigens, from the cell surface. PMID- 7026029 TI - Growth of human mammary epithelial cells on collagen gel surfaces. AB - We have developed a method for sustained growth of human mammary epithelial cells in monolayer cultures. Epithelial organoids derived from solid breast tissues were grown on the surface of thin (approximately 1 mm) collagen gel layers in an enriched growth medium supplemented with hormones, growth factors, fetal calf serum, and horse serum. To transfer the cultures, the collagen layers were dislodged and digested with collagenase. The monolayers of cells released into suspension were then dissociated into single cells using trypsin-ethylene diaminetetraacetate. Dissociated single cells were repleted with 75 to 95% efficiency onto collagen layers or tissue culture plastic surfaces. The dissociated cells could also be cryopreserved and reactivated with greater than 80% plating efficiency on collagen layers. Normal human mammary epithelial cells grown under these conditions progressed through 12 to 15 population doublings. The population-doubling times for normal and malignant mammary cells on collagen layers were 34 and 65 hr, respectively. After reaching confluence, cells in some cultures, derived from either normal or malignant tissues, penetrated the gel surface and grew into the collagen. Within the gels, the cells became organized into three-dimensional tubular structures. The use of collagen layers eliminates a major problem in growth of human mammary epithelial cells in culture, difficulty in efficient dissociation, and cell transfer from monolayers. PMID- 7026028 TI - Prognostic value of concanavalin A reactivity of primary human breast cancer cells. AB - A prospective, double-blind study was carried out to determine whether activity with concanavalin A (Con A) of human breast cancer cells was related to early disease recurrence. Mammary epithelial cells were isolated from 138 primary human breast cancers. The cells were placed in culture, and their reactivity with Con A was determined with a hemadsorption assay in which human erythrocytes treated with various concentrations of Con A were incubated with the test (mammary epithelial) cells in situ. The Con A half-maximum value was determined as the concentration of Con A at which approximately 50% of the test cells adsorbed erythrocytes. Con A reactivity of the tumors was classified as high or low (half maximum value less than or equal to 30 or greater than 30 microgram/ml, respectively). Patients were followed for 2 to 60 months after primary surgery (median, 22 months). Those patients having tumors that were highly reactive with Con A were at significantly greater risk of developing early recurrence of their cancers than were those patients with low-reactivity tumors. No correlation was found between Con A reactivity and the age of the patients, their menopausal status, the number of axillary lymph nodes infiltrated with tumor, the number of axillary lymph nodes infiltrated with tumor, the estrogen receptor content of the tumor, or the clinical stage of the disease. These data show that Con A reactivity is an independent discriminator for identifying those breast cancer patients who are at high risk of developing early recurrent disease. PMID- 7026030 TI - Validation of the Salmonella test: a reply to Rinkus and Legator. PMID- 7026031 TI - [Effects of prazosin on the control of arterial pressure in hypertensive patients subjected to dialysis]. PMID- 7026032 TI - [Comparative study between prazosin and methyldopa in essential arterial hypertension: results of a parallel, randomized double-blind trial]. PMID- 7026033 TI - [Current state of the treatment of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7026034 TI - Cardiac pathology in the elderly. PMID- 7026035 TI - [Activation of plasminogen and prothrombin by immobilized activators -- urokinase and thromboplastin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026036 TI - [Transplantation of bone marrow cells. Changes in the number of leucocytes, thrombocytes and reticulocytes in relation to the interval after transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026037 TI - Localization of relaxin in human gestational corpus luteum. AB - Corpora lutea from 12 pregnant women were prepared for immunohistochemical localization of relaxin using a highly specific antiserum. A positive response is given by luteal cells that are diffusely distributed throughout the corpus luteum. These cells do not form a distinctive group in any particular area. A negative response is seen in the adjacent ovarian tissue, and also in nongestational corpora lutea in early luteal phase. PMID- 7026038 TI - Effect of intraarterial injection of heparin on the complications of percutaneous arterial catheterization in infants and children. AB - Thrombotic complications of percutaneous arterial catheterization still remain a significant and serious problem in infants and children. Systemic heparinization has been recommended for prevention of these complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intraarterial injection of heparin in reducing thrombotic complications following percutaneous femoral artery catheterization. One hundred sixteen consecutive patients (ages four months to 20 years) studied by the Desilets-Hoffman modification of Seldinger's technique of femoral artery catheterization were randomly allocated to the control or heparin groups using a double-blind technique. At the completion of the catheterization, 0.1 mg/kg of placebo or heparin (1,000 units/ml) was injected into the common iliac artery prior to removal of the catheter and sheath. Segmental plethysmography was performed in both lower extremities prior to and after the catheterization, and a plethysmography index (PI) was calculated. The age and sex distribution, diagnoses, number, type, and site of previous catheterization, hemoglobin, platelet count, the amount of flush solution and the heparin contained therein, size of the catheter and sheath used, number of arterial punctures, and the length of the time in the artery were similar in the two groups (P greater than 0.1). Thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were measured prior to the use of flush solution and prior to angiography, and these remained essentially unchanged in the two groups. The PI in the control group (97.5 +/- 320 was not significantly different (P greater than 0.1) from that of the heparin group (97.7 +/- 32). Similarly, the six to 24 month of postcatheterization plethysmography data show no differences (P greater than 0.1). The number of patients with reduced ipsilateral posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis pulses was also similar (P greater than 0.1). None of the patients in either group required thrombectomy. The low low incidence of arterial complications in our patients when compared with other studies may be related in part to the use of a sheath, which is not called for in original Seldinger technique. The data suggest that full-dose heparin administration does not significantly alter arterial complications following percutaneous femoral artery catheterization, especially in children over five years of age. PMID- 7026039 TI - Nonsurgical untangling of a multiple-coiled flow-directed catheter. PMID- 7026040 TI - DNA choreography. PMID- 7026041 TI - The methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins of E. coli: a repellent-stimulated, covalent modification, distinct from methylation. AB - The methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) of Escherichia coli are integral membrane proteins that have been shown to undergo reversible methylation in response to the addition of attractants. We have shown that a second, rapid modification of MCPI and MCPII occurs, which is repellent-stimulated. This modification, which is not methylation, was detected because it causes a decrease in mobility of the MCPs on 7.5% SDS-polyacrylamide gels with a high acrylamide to bisacrylamide ratio. We have designated this modification as the CheB modification, as it is dependent on the CheB gene product. The CheB-modification causes a decrease in the isoelectric point of MCPII by one or two charge groups. The CheB-modification is not necessary for the methylation, nor does it preclude methylation of the MCPs. Both the CheB-modified form and the unmodified, unmethylated forms of the MCPs are stable to treatment with base, which results in the hydrolysis of the methylesters (demethylation) of the MCPs. The potential role of CheB-modification in chemotaxis is discussed. PMID- 7026042 TI - Membrane assembly from purified components. I. Isolated M13 procoat does not require ribosomes or soluble proteins for processing by membranes. AB - The coat protein of coliphage M13 is an integral protein of the host-cell cytoplasmic membrane prior to its assembly into virions. It is initially synthesized as procoat, a soluble precursor with a 23 amino acid leader sequence at its amino terminus. 35S-labeled procoat accumulates during an in vitro translation reaction that contains 35S-methionine and RNA from M13-infected cells. Radiochemically pure procoat has been isolated from in vitro translation reactions by extraction into an organic solvent and gel filtration through Sephadex LH-60. Radiochemically pure procoat can be used as substrate in rapid and quantitative assays for leader peptidase and for leader peptide hydrolase, an enzyme that degrades the leader peptide after its release from procoat. Procoat solubility, digestion by leader peptidase and processing by membranes are affected by the presence of Mg2+ ion. Isolated procoat is soluble in water at low ionic strength and mildly alkaline pH as well as in detergent solutions. It is cleaved to coat protein by purified E. coli leader peptidase and by inverted E. coli inner-membrane vesicles. These properties of the purified procoat mirror those of the procoat in crude extracts. This suggests that there are no other soluble components that are necessary for the assembly of procoat into the membrane and its conversion to coat; specifically, it provides powerful evidence that protein synthesis is not involved. PMID- 7026043 TI - Membrane assembly from purified components. II. Assembly of M13 procoat into liposomes reconstituted with purified leader peptidase. AB - The major coat protein of coliphage M13 is an integral protein of the E. coli plasma membrane prior to its assembly into new virus particles. It is generated from its precursor, procoat, by a membrane-bound leader peptidase. We now describe the reconstitution of a highly purified preparation of this enzyme into vesicles of E. coli phospholipids. These vesicles bind procoat made in vitro and procoat isolated from in vitro synthesis. Both the crude and the purified substrates were converted post-translationally to coat protein. A significant proportion of the coat protein becomes inserted into the vesicle bilayer, with the N terminus facing the vesicle interior and the C terminus exposed to the external medium. These results strongly suggest that highly purified leader peptidase from E. coli and phospholipids are the only components necessary to mediate the binding, processing and insertion of this integral membrane protein. PMID- 7026044 TI - Compartmentalized assembly of oligosaccharides on exported glycoproteins in yeast. AB - Temperature-sensitive secretory mutants (sec) of S. cerevisiae have been used to evaluate the stages and localization of glycoprotein oligosaccharide synthesis. At the nonpermissive growth temperature (37 degrees C), the sec mutants accumulate secretory organelles and glycoproteins. Histochemical staining and thin-section electron microscopy reveal that the secreted glycoprotein, acid phosphatase, is contained within one of three distinct organelles that accumulates in different mutants: ER; Golgi-like structures called Berkeley bodies; and 80--100 nm vesicles. When produced at 37 degrees C, invertase and acid phosphatase have less carbohydrate in the mutants that accumulate ER than in other mutants, or than in the wild-type strain. External invertase migrates on SDS-polyacrylamide gels as a heterogeneous species with an apparent molecular weight of 100 to 140 kd. Radiolabeled invertase, immunoprecipitated from extracts of ER-accumulating mutant cells, migrates as a set of three discrete protein species with apparent molecular weights of 79, 81, and 83 kd; the other mutants produce a form more like the secreted enzyme. In each case, removal of N glycosidically linked oligosaccharides by treatment with endoglycosidase H produces a discrete species that migrates as a protein of 61 kd. Immunochemical analysis of bulk glycoprotein accumulated in the mutants suggests that a major portion of the N-linked oligosaccharide, the outer chain, is added after material passes from the ER. PMID- 7026045 TI - Order of events in the yeast secretory pathway. PMID- 7026046 TI - Histone H2B subtypes are dispensable during the yeast cell cycle. PMID- 7026047 TI - Concerted strand exchange and formation of Holliday structures by E. coli RecA protein. AB - RecA protein makes stable joint molecules from fully duplex DNA and molecules that are partially single-stranded; the latter may be either duplex molecules with an internal gap in one strand or molecules with single-stranded ends. Stable joint molecules form only when the end of at least one strand is in a homologous region. When RecA protein pairs linear duplex molecules and tailed molecules that share the same sequence end to end, the joints, which are located away from the single-stranded tails in most instances, have the electron microscopic appearance associated with the Holliday structure resulting from the reciprocal exchange of strands. The reaction leading to reciprocal strand exchange involves the concerted displacement of a strand from the end of the duplex molecule. These observations support the view that RecA protein makes stable joint molecules only by transferring strands and not by the side-by-side pairing of duplex regions. PMID- 7026048 TI - Distinct repressible mRNAs for cytoplasmic and secreted yeast invertase are encoded by a single gene. AB - We have studied regulation of invertase putative structural genes (SUC) in S. cerevisiae and the synthetic relationship between secreted, glycosylated invertase (E.C.3.2.1.26) and the cytoplasmic, nonglycosylated form of the enzyme. Using immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis, we have analyzed invertase polypeptides and glycopeptides synthesized in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of size fractionated mRNA from a SUC2 strain has shown that three mature, catabolite repressible mRNA species direct the in vitro synthesis of three invertase polypeptides that have differing molecular weights. Two of these polypeptides, P63 and P62 (63 and 62 kd), are larger than the polypeptides of the secreted enzyme and are cotranslationally processed by microsomal membranes in vitro to yield secreted invertase glycopeptides (GP90 and GP87). The smallest polypeptide, P60 (60 kd), which comigrates electrophoretically with cytoplasmic invertase, is not processed. Posttranslationally, a microsomal-membrane detergent extract removes approximately 20 aminoacids from P62 but not from P60. In vitro translations of mRNAs from a genetically confirmed suc3 mutant strain, from the parental SUC3 strain and from derivative meiotic segregants have shown that the three polypeptides (and therefore three mRNA species) are encoded by one gene. Analysis of in vivo radiolabeled invertase from the same SUC3 and suc3 strains has verified that the SUC3 locus contains the structural gene for secreted and cytoplasmic invertase. Through the derepressed synthesis of multiple primary or processed transcripts, the SUC2 and SUC3 genes are regulated to produce multiple invertase polypeptides. The larger two polypeptides appear to be processed and secreted to yield glycosylated invertase, while the smallest remains in the cytoplasm. PMID- 7026049 TI - A novel role for site-specific recombination in maintenance of bacterial replicons. AB - If daughter copies of unit-copy replicons recombine with each other, a replicon dimer results that cannot be partitioned equally to daughter cells at cell division. We present evidence that dimer formation interferes with plasmid equipartition in the case of a miniplasmid derived from the unit-copy plasmid prophage of bacteriophage P1. Asymmetric partition occurs, leading to a relatively high rate of loss of the plasmid from the growing population. In contrast, the wild-type P1 plasmid is maintained very efficiently in host cells. We show that this efficient maintenance is due to the presence of the loxP-cre site-specific recombination system present on the intact P1 plasmid. This system promotes rapid recombination between two loxP sites on dimer molecules, resolving them into monomeric substrates for proper partition. We suggest that bacterial replicons that are maintained with great accuracy in recombination-proficient cells might also encode high-efficiency recombination systems. PMID- 7026050 TI - E. coli mutant pleiotropically defective in the export of secreted proteins. AB - A hybrid beta-galactosidase molecule containing a substantial portion of the amino-terminal sequence of the maltose-binding protein is inserted in the cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli; in this location, the protein has very low enzymatic activity. The strain producing it is, therefore, Lac-. Selection for derivatives of the fusion strain that are able to grow on lactose yields mutants in which the hybrid protein has become cytoplasmic, and thus has higher enzymatic activity. Among such derivatives, we have isolated a temperature-sensitive conditional lethal mutant that accumulates the precursor of the maltose-binding protein in the cytoplasm, and also accumulates precursors of alkaline phosphatase, lambda receptor protein and the ompF gene gene product. A number of periplasmic proteins are, however, properly localized at the nonpermissive temperature. The temperature-sensitive lesion has been genetically mapped to 2.5 min on the E. coli map, within or near a cluster of genes responsible for cell division and septation. The principle behind the genetic selection employed here should be useful in obtaining other secretion mutants to characterize the cell's secretion machinery. PMID- 7026051 TI - Advances in immunology: a meeting in honor of Sir Peter Medawar. PMID- 7026052 TI - Peter Brian Medawar. PMID- 7026053 TI - The continuing quest for specific unresponsiveness in tissue and organ transplantation. PMID- 7026054 TI - Some murine allogeneic organ and tumor grafts which are not rejected: the importance of local factors. PMID- 7026055 TI - Prostaglandin precursors and the cell-mediated immune response. PMID- 7026056 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of intermediate filament proteins during lymphocyte capping. AB - Using double immuno-fluorescence techniques on frozen-thick sections, we have examined the fate of intermediate filaments during Con A receptor capping in lymphoid cells. Our results indicate that during capping intermediate filaments are preferentially aggregated between the surface receptor cap structure and the cell nucleus. It is possible, therefore, that intermediate filaments are directly involved in lymphocyte capping. PMID- 7026057 TI - Acetylcholinesterase in cat megakaryocyte. Evidence for extracellular secretion. AB - Cytochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase (AchE, E.C.3.1.1.7) was studied in cat bone marrow. The reaction product precipitate was present only in megakaryocytes, and all other marrow cells were AchE-negative. Moderate electron dense AchE reaction product was found in basophilic megakaryocytes in the nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and demarcation membrane system (DMS). In granular and thrombocytogenic stages the intense AchE reaction product was present in all cytoplasmic membranes. The Golgi-derived AchE-positive granules were found to fuse with DMS and their contents were discharged into the extracellular compartment. PMID- 7026058 TI - [Morphological evaluation of the neovagina performed by neoplastics with a free skin-graft in women with Rokitansky-Kuster's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026059 TI - [5-year experience with the 2-stage suture]. PMID- 7026060 TI - [Possibility to use the LAI test (leucocyte adherence inhibition) for immunological examination of pregnant women with EPH gestosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026061 TI - [Historical development and the present status of the research on the relation between pulmonary and systemic circulations and the function of both heart ventricles]. PMID- 7026062 TI - [Achievements of Vilem Laufberger]. PMID- 7026063 TI - Toxicity, interstrand cross-links and DNA fragmentation induced by 'activated' cyclophosphamide in yeast. AB - Treatment of yeast cells with 4-hydroperoxy-cyclophosphamide (4-OOH-CP), the chemically activated form of cyclophosphamide, results in cell killing, induction of DNA interstrand cross-links and DNA fragmentation. Toxicity of 4-OOH-CP is greatly influenced by the cell's capacity of DNA dark-repair: genetic blocking of non-epistatic pathways of DNA repair results in an increase of sensitivity of several orders of magnitude. DNa primary lesions have been measured using a haploid, excision deficient, dTMP-uptaking mutant of S. cerevisiae. In this strain, a significant extent of DNA cross-linking can already be observed at a survival of 88%. At a concentration of 100 nmol/ml 4-OOH-CP, renaturability of DNA increases up to 12 h of drug exposure and drops to lower values upon further incubation. In contrast to the time course of renaturability, DNA double-strand breakage is seen at later stages of drug treatment and continuously increases as a function of incubation time. Whereas inactivation of cells and induction of strand breakage continue upon postincubation of cells, comparable effects are much less pronounced for DNA renaturability. PMID- 7026064 TI - Comparative study on the effects of cyclophosphamide on yeast in vitro and in the host-mediated assay: DNA damage and biological response. AB - Cyclophosphamide (CP), whether applied in its chemically activated form as 4 hydroperoxy-cyclophosphamide (4-OOH-CP) in vitro or in the host-mediated assay (HMA) using rats, exhibits toxic and mutagenic effects on excision deficient yeast cells. The expression of these effects is examined during a prolonged postincubation in buffer and compared with the ability of activated CP to induce interstrand cross-links and DNA fragmentation. At comparable doses, we observed a close similarity of biological and biochemical effects in either test system. PMID- 7026065 TI - [Primary non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the small intestine: clinico-radiological considerations]. PMID- 7026066 TI - [Current trends in the therapy of acute arterial occlusions of the extremities. Apropos of 72 treated cases]. PMID- 7026067 TI - [Gastric leiomyoblastoma (clinical case)]. PMID- 7026068 TI - [Ocular signs in coma caused by cranial injury]. AB - Following a short introduction on the value of ocular symptoms in traumatized patients based upon the literature, the A. describes his case material comprising 10 cases of severe cranial-encephalic traumatisms with coma. According to the A., the investigation in patients with cranial traumatisms in coma of the reflex eye motility (research of statokynetic movements) and of the movements obtained by vestibular stimulation with cold water offers useful elements for localization of the lesion and for prognosis. PMID- 7026069 TI - [Acute appendicitis in childhood]. PMID- 7026070 TI - [Drug resistance to malaria. Apropos of 17 cases in 2 years]. AB - 17 cases of resistant P. falciparum malaria are reported. They were observed in different populations: on one hand 9 Cambodian children refugees in France, on the other hand 8 French adults consulting after travels in South America or in South-East Asia. Different resistance levels to amino-4-quinolines and to a combination of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine were found: they were more often from the RI type but sometimes from the RIII type also. 6 patients were treated with Mefloquine. Its activity was constant and rapid. PMID- 7026071 TI - [Reservoir of ankylostomiasis in a jasmine plantation (Maaziz, Province of Kenitra, Morocco). Therapeutic trial with albendazole, double-blind method]. PMID- 7026072 TI - [80 Years of tomodensitometry]. PMID- 7026073 TI - Multimodal treatment for locally advanced breast cancer. Result of chemotherapy radiotherapy versus chemotherapy-surgery. AB - In a prospective randomized study, the efficacy of two combined modality approaches (chemotherapy plus radiotherapy or chemotherapy plus mastectomy) was tested in a total of 132 women with locally advanced breast cancer. Chemotherapy consisted of Adriamycin plus vincristine (AV) administered for three cycles before either local-regional modality and subsequently for seven additional cycles. Although a higher proportion of women achieved complete remission after mastectomy (100%) compared to women given radiotherapy (60%), the total response rate at the end of combined modality was identical (75%). There was no significant difference between the two treatment groups in terms of patterns of treatment failure, median duration of response, and total survival. Treatment was not influenced by menopausal or estrogen receptor status. Two patients of the surgical group showed Adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy after cumulative doses less than 500 mg/m2. The results of present study failed to indicate that surgery per se improved the overall results including local control, over radiotherapy in a combined modality setting. PMID- 7026074 TI - Adriamycin plus vincristine alone or with dibromodulcitol or ICRF-159 in metastatic breast cancer. AB - A total of 268 patients with metastatic breast cancer were prospectively randomized to receive Adriamycin-vincristine (AV) alone, AV plus dibromodulcitol (AVD), or AV plus ICRF-159 (AVI). Two hundred thirty were eligible and had received prior chemotherapy. The objective response rates were 27%, 23%, and 16% for AV, AVD and AVI, respectively, and an additional 44% had stabilization of disease. Duration of responses ranged from 4.1 to 4.6 months and the times to treatment failure from 2.9 to 3.8 months. Median survivals ranged from 7.1 to 8.3 months. Performance status and the presence of liver or brain metastases were significant prognostic variables for outcome. These studies show that AVI is inferior to AV with respect to survival when prognostic variables are taken into account in a multivariate model, whereas AVD which utilizes a lower dose of Adriamycin appears to have comparable antitumor activity to AV. This does not appear to offer any benefit to patients previously treated with chemotherapy, as in this trial, but it may be an advantage to previously untreated patients since Adriamycin can be administered to responding patients over a longer period of time before an unacceptable total cumulative dose is reached. PMID- 7026075 TI - Current status of chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the thyroid gland. AB - An extensive review of the literature was undertaken to identify single agents and chemotherapeutic combinations active against advanced thyroid carcinoma. The two most intensively studied agents were Adriamycin and bleomycin, both of which appear to have definite activity against advanced disease. Studies of 25 other single agents and 17 drug combinations were also reviewed but most of the studies suffered from extremely poor patient accrual, thus precluding statistical analysis. Two cooperative group protocols are in progress which will hopefully accrue enough patients for meaningful interpretation. Physicians treating advanced thyroid carcinoma patients are urged to participate in these studies. PMID- 7026076 TI - Acivicin. An antitumor antibiotic. AB - Acivicin [(alpha S,5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid; AT-125; NSC-163501] is a fermentation product of Streptomyces sviceus which is active in a variety of mouse tumor models including the L1210 and P388 leukemias, the M5076 ovarian carcinoma, and the MX-1 human breast tumor xenograft. Antitumor activity is probably mediated through the inhibition of enzymes catalyzing amido transfer from L-glutamine, especially CTP synthetase and XMP aminase. In mice, acivicin is absorbed systemically via the p.o., I.P., and S.C. routes and is predominantly excreted in the urine in unchanged form. Although a wide variety of toxicities, including myelosuppression, were noted in dogs and monkeys, vomiting, diarrhea, and pathologic lesions of the GI tract predominated in both species. A marked cumulative toxicity was noted in dogs with 16 mg/m2/day being the lethal dose on the daily x 5 schedule compared to 1000 mg/m2 on the single-dose schedule. An interesting phenomenon was noted in mice wherein older male mice were more resistant to the toxic effects of the drug than female or younger male mice. This sex and age difference in susceptibility to acivicin toxicity was shown to be correlated with differences in pharmacokinetics; older male mice cleared acivicin at approximately twice the rate of females or younger males. No sex differences in toxicity were noted in dogs or monkeys. Because of its activity in mouse tumor systems and acceptable preclinical toxicology patterns, the drug is being introduced into clinical phase I studies under the sponsorship of the National Cancer Institute. PMID- 7026077 TI - Norah du Vernet Tapley 1921--1981. PMID- 7026078 TI - Carcinogenesis in Syrian hamsters by N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine, its cis and trans isomers, and the effect of deuterium labeling. AB - Groups of 20 Syrian male golden hamsters were treated by gavage with solutions of the cis and trans isomers of N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine in olive oil. Two doses of each isomer were given for the same time and the ratios of the concentrations corresponded with the ratio in the normally prepared mixture, 2 parts cis to 1 part trans. The cis isomer was more potent in inducing tumors of the liver and pancreas than the trans isomer. The effect of replacement of hydrogen with deuterium at the positions alpha and beta to the nitroso function on carcinogenic potency was examined by administering by gavage the respective isotopically labeled compounds to groups of 20 male hamsters. Each labeled sample constituted a mixture of cis and trans isomers in the ratio of approximately 2 to 1, and the dose was identical with that of the unlabeled sample of the nitrosamine. The beta deuterium labeled compound was less carcinogenic and the alpha deuterium labeled compound was more carcinogenic than the unlabeled material. There was not significant difference between the isomers in activation to a bacterial mutagen by pancreas microsomes or in binding to DNA of the pancreas. PMID- 7026079 TI - Fluoro-substituted N-nitrosamines. 1. Inactivity of N-nitrosobis(2,2,2 trifluoroethyl)amine in carcinogenicity and mutagenicity tests. AB - N-Nitroso-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amine (hexafluorodiethylnitrosamine, 6-F-DEN) was synthesized as a derivative of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) with blocked terminal C-atoms to avoid metabolic oxidation at this site. Chronic oral administration of 6-F-DEN in drinking water did not induce tumours in Sprague-Dawley and in Fischer 344 rats. On the other hand, equimolar doses of DEN or even much lower ones are clearly carcinogenic. Mutagenicity tests using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535 and TA 100 and metabolic activation by rat liver S-9 fraction were equally negative with 6-F-DEn. The substitution of fluorine in the beta-position of DEn apparently inhibits the alpha-oxidation considered necessary for carcinogenesis and mutagenesis of dialkylnitrosamines. PMID- 7026080 TI - Insulin-like action of endotoxin: antagonism by steroidal and nonsteroidal anti inflammatory agents. AB - Studies were undertaken to evaluate the direct insulin-like action of S enteritidis endotoxin on glucose oxidation in the rat epididymal fat pad and to assess antagonism by steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. In vitro administration of endotoxin at concentrations of 500, 100, 50, and 10 micrograms/ml significantly increased adipose tissue glucose oxidation by 115, 92, 55, and 32%, respectively. Exposure of the fat pads to endotoxin (100 microgram/ml) for timed incubations of 120 to 5 min, all produced significant increments in glucose oxidation. The insulin-like action of endotoxin was significantly less in Ca2+ free-KRB plus EGTA. Cotreatment of the fat pads with endotoxin and the steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, dexamethasone and methylprednisolone, as well as the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, indomethacin, significantly antagonized endotoxin-stimulated glucose oxidation. Dexamethasone antagonism was not significant if it was added after endotoxin treatment. Testosterone, a steroid with no anti-inflammatory activity, did not antagonize endotoxin's insulin-like action. The data provide further evidence of the direct insulin-like action of endotoxin and suggest that the protective effect of dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, and indomethacin may be due, in part, to a direct antagonism of endotoxin at the tissue level. PMID- 7026081 TI - Effects of live Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis on metabolism and hepatic pO2. AB - Rats were infused intraaterially with 10(9) live E coli, or 10(10) live B fragilis, or 0.9% NaCl solution. Within 6 hr or sooner E coli-treated rats extensive hepatic hypoxia (mean hepatic pO2 less than 5 mm Hg), hypoglycemia, lactacidemia, and microscopic evidence of sinusoidal damage and hepatocyte hypoxia. Mortality was 100% within 24 hr. Rats which received B fragilis showed significantly less hepatic hypoxia (mean hepatic pO2 13.8 mm Hg) and lactacidemia and were euglycemic at 6 hr. Hepatic tissue showed congested sinusoids and depletion of glycogen. Mortality was 0% in 24 hr. NaCl-treated rats were stable over 6 hr of observation; mean hepatic pO2 was 20.6 mm Hg. We suggest that the events associated with acute lethal E coli bacteremia are related in part to strutural interference of the hepatic microcirculation. Although the effects of B fragilis bacteremia were appreciably less pronounced, the ability to establish hypoxic foci may have important implications. PMID- 7026082 TI - Pulmonary vascular disease with congenital heart lesions: pathologic features and causes. AB - Pulmonary vascular disease, a serious complication of many congenital heart lesions, has three major components: increased muscularity of small pulmonary arteries; intimal hyperplasia, scarring and thrombosis; and reduced numbers of intraacinar arteries. The muscularity is due to increased stress on the vessel wall, and is reversible. The intimal changes may be due to endothelial damage, causing an imbalance between prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 production and leading to local platelet aggregation. This, in turn, may stimulate migration and division of myointimal cells, which thicken the intima and lead to scarring and thrombosis. Extensive intimal changes are probably irreversible, but the possibility of preventing them by use of agents that inhibit platelet aggregation needs to be considered. The mechanism of a decrease in numbers of intraacinar arteries is unexplained. The potential for growth of new vessels after corrective surgery of the cardiac defect is an important factor in restoring pulmonary vascular resistance to normal. Available evidence suggests that this growth potential is reduced after 2 years of age and argues for early surgical relief of pulmonary vascular stresses. PMID- 7026083 TI - Prevention of occlusive coronary artery thrombosis by prostacyclin infusion in the dog. PMID- 7026084 TI - Pressure-synchronized cineangiography during experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 7026085 TI - The quinidine-fluorometry dilemma. PMID- 7026086 TI - A cephalometric study of the effects of primary osteoplasty in unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals. AB - Nine Caucasians with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate, treated with primary bone graft of the alveolus, were compared cephalometrically to a similar number of cases treated with soft tissue surgery but no primary osteoplasty. There were no significant differences between the two groups, except for the following: 1. The mandibular apical base was positioned more posteriorly in the bone-grafted group. 2. The ramal inclination angle was significantly smaller in the bone-grafted group. 3. The absolute depth of the mandible was significantly smaller in the bone-grafted group. Generally speaking, although these individuals were characterized by retrognathic faces, there was no significant difference in the anteroposterior and vertical growth of the middle face in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated with the two different approaches. In contrast, there were significant differences between the two groups in mandibular depth and position, with mandibles in the bone-grafted group being shorter and more distally positioned. Maintenance of harmonious relationships of the dental bases was, however, achieved. PMID- 7026087 TI - Genetic services at a center for craniofacial anomalies. AB - Advances in medical genetics and syndrome delineation have demonstrated that many clinical entities are an expression of genetic variability. Assessment of the population at the Center for Craniofacial Anomalies of the University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago provided a measure of the need for genetic diagnosis and counseling. While it is recognized that this experience is not necessarily representative of that prevailing at other centers, this report provides a basis for interinstitutional comparisons. Public recognition of the need and consequent demand for genetic services is increasing. The inevitable conclusion is that genetic evaluation and counseling are essential services at a center for craniofacial anomalies. PMID- 7026088 TI - On the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate stimulation of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum and erythrocytes of patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis and with kidney transplants. AB - Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) determinations in erythrocytes of patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis and with kidney transplants showed that patients receiving vitamin B6 had a smaller relative stimulation rate of AST by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (P-5-P). In contrast to these results in erythrocytes, the apoAST and apo-alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in serum were increased in patients as compared with those of healthy persons. The corresponding relative stimulation rates of AST and ALT by P-5-P addition to the reaction mixture were not changed in the haemodialysis patients, but in renal transplant recipients the relative stimulation rate of AST was significantly smaller and that of ALT was greater. PMID- 7026089 TI - Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase measurement in the pre-natal detection of neural tube defects and other fetal malformations. AB - Acetylcholinesterase activity in amniotic fluid was measured at 30 degree C by a reaction rate method employing acetyl-beta-methyl thiocholine as substrate and ethopropazine as a selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase. This assay proved more specific than previously reported methods. Activity was greater in five cases of anencephaly (4.8-9.7 U/l) and nine cases of spinal bifida (5.1-8.6 U/l) than in 50 pregnancies with normal outcome (mean activity 2.0 +/- 0.9 (S.D.) U/l). There was no overlap between results from normal and neural-tube-defect groups, and the results showed no significant correlation with gestational age. Butyrylcholinesterase activity in amniotic fluid was measured using butyrylthiocholine as substrate. In accordance with previous reports, levels were elevated in pregnancies affected by neural tube defects. The ratio butyrylcholinesterase/acetylcholinesterase activity showed similar values for anencephalic, spina bifida and normal pregnancies; however, the two cases of exomphalos investigated could be clearly distinguished from all other groups on this basis. PMID- 7026090 TI - Mexiletine in the relief of tinnitus: a report on a sequential double-blind crossover trial. PMID- 7026091 TI - Ontogeny of humoral immune function in normal chickens: a comparison of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in bone marrow, spleen, lungs and intestine. AB - A reverse haemolytic plaque was employed to study the ontogeny of immunoglobulin (Ig) secreting cells of either IgG, IgA, or IgM class in normal chickens. After hatching, IgM-secreting cells were detectable in the spleen by 3 days of age whereas IgG- and IgA-secreting cells were first noted at 6 days. Adult levels of Ig-secreting cells of all three classes were attained by 31 days of age in bone marrow and two separate lymphoid populations (lamina propria and intraepithelial lymphocytes). By contrast, adult levels of Ig-secreting cells were not obtained in either the spleen or the lungs until after 50 days of age. In the case of the spleen, the delay in attainment of adult levels of total Ig-secreting cells reflected the smaller spleen size in immature birds, whereas the percentages of cells secreting Ig of each class were in the adult range by 31 days. By contrast, the numbers of cells recovered from the lungs of 50-day-old chickens were near the adult range, while the percentages of cells secreting either IgG, IgA, or IgM were much fewer than those seen in the lungs of adult chickens. These data indicate that the lungs of normal chickens are populated more slowly with Ig secreting cells than either the bone marrow, spleen, or intestine. At all ages studied, greater numbers of Ig-secreting cells, particularly of the IgG and IgM classes, were recovered from the bone marrow and spleen as compared to the lungs and intestine. Since only a portion of the total bone marrow population was studied, these data include that the bone marrow may be a major site of Ig secreting cells in chickens beginning shortly after hatching. PMID- 7026092 TI - Detection of IgD-secreting human lymphocytes at the single cell level by a protein A plaque assay. AB - By the use of Staphylococcus aureus protein A-coupled erythrocytes as target cells, and anti-Ig antibodies as a developing serum, immunoglobulin-secreting cells can be detected as plaque-forming cells in a complement-dependent haemolytic plaque assay. This method is based on the fact that the Fc portion of IgG will bind to protein A molecules. Using a rabbit anti-human IgD immunoglobulin as a developing serum we were able to detect secretion of IgD molecules from human cells. In a patient with an IgD myeloma, 6% of the bone marrow cells were found to form plaques. Bone marrow cells and blood lymphocytes from healthy donors as well as human tonsil cells were also examined for delta chain secretion. In some donors, a low increase in plaque numbers was obtained when anti-IgD Ig was used as a developing agent. In spite of the fact that the antisera used were highly specific we cannot rule out the possibility that the increase was due to cross-reactivity. However, these findings clearly demonstrate that the release of IgD from normal human lymphoid cells occurs at a much lower level as compared to secretion of IgM, IgG or IgA. PMID- 7026093 TI - Unusual phenotype and function of an expanded subpopulation of T cells in patients with haemopoietic disorders. AB - We have studied two patients, one with red cell aplasia and the other with neutropenia. Both showed lymphocytosis. In both cases, 90-100% of E rosetting cells were T cells as defined by the monoclonal antibodies UCHT1 and OKT3. The majority of these cells also carried the OKT8 suppressor/cytotoxic marker and were HLA-DR- and Fc gamma R-positive. In spite of the similarity of this phenotype to that reported for suppressor cells, these cells failed to suppress pokeweed mitogen-induced polyclonal Ig synthesis. Cells from both patients also failed to respond significantly to Con A and PHA. They were, however, unable to suppress the Con A responses of normal donors although cells from one patient were able to suppress completely a normal PHA response. These results demonstrate the existence of a genuine subset of T cells with Fc gamma receptors but suggest that not all such cells have typical suppressor function. PMID- 7026094 TI - A clinical and immunological study of the effects of transfer factor on multiple sclerosis patients. AB - A clinical and laboratory trial was designated to test the value of a potentially active pool of transfer factor (TF) given for a period of 3 months, at weekly intervals, in 27 relapsing MS patients and controls. The pool of TF was extracted from peripheral lymphocytes of 36 normal individuals presensitized with DNCB as marker. It was biologically capable of transferring DNCB sensitivity to MS recipients and did not show any toxicity. Clinically, a slight but not significant improvement of the functional and disability indices was observed in the TF group over a period of 1 year, while both indices increased in the control group. The treatment had no influence on the number of relapses and/or on sensory and visually evoked potentials, axial tomography and electronystagmography. In laboratory tests, a significant difference was found in the total CSF protein (P less than 0 . 05) and IgG (P less than 0 . 01) levels in the two groups studied; both values decreased or were stabilized in the group receiving TF, while they increased in the control group. Whether or not these slight clinically and biologically beneficial effects were due to the high dose of TF given or to its biological activity remains to be established. This pilot study suggests that a more appropriate answer regarding TF in MS might be obtained by using biologically active material, given for longer periods of time, at a closer interval and in a larger number of patients. PMID- 7026095 TI - Localization of C-reactive protein in inflammatory lesions of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant which has been found deposited at sites of inflammation and tissue destruction. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory cellular infiltrates. This study describes the CRP response and the deposition of CRP in the spinal cords of rabbits with EAE. EAE was induced by a single injection of rabbit spinal cord in Freund's complete adjuvant. Serum CRP levels in experimental and adjuvant control rabbits showed cyclic elevations. An additional increase in levels of CRP in the serum was observed in the experimental group coincident with the onset of clinical disease. Deposition of CRP in spinal cord lesions of six of nine animals with EAE was demonstrated by direct immunofluorescence. CRP was seen around and within a small proportion of the cells in the acute inflammatory lesion. The amount of CRP deposition was most closely correlated with the proportion of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) in the infiltrate. No staining was observed in control animals, in experimental animals prior to the onset of clinical signs of EAE, or in clinically affected animals with exclusively mononuclear infiltration. The demonstration of CRP and PMN in acute lesions of rabbits with EAE may reflect a role for humoral mediators of inflammation in this disease. PMID- 7026096 TI - Reduced resistance to Pseudomonas septicaemia in diabetic mice. AB - Antibacterial resistance in a diabetic state was studied using experimental Pseudomonas infection in streptozotocin (SZ) induced diabetic mice. The results obtained were as follows: (1) there was no difference in acute death rate between normal and diabetic mice when infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, a significant increase in the number of bacteria in the kidney and liver occurred at a later stage of infection in diabetic mice. (2) Active immunization with a phenolized vaccine resulted in 100% survival in either normal or diabetic mice; otherwise challenge was lethal. However, the organs examined in diabetic vaccinated mice contained distinctly increased numbers of bacteria as compared with normal vaccinated mice 7 days after infection. (3) There were no significant differences in antibody titre between normal and diabetic ice after infection, but passive protection with immune serum from diabetic vaccinated mice was less effective than that from vaccinated mice. Furthermore, immune serum from normal vaccinated mice exerted protective action less efficiently in diabetic recipients than in normal recipients. (4) The bactericidal effect of peripheral whole blood was apparently lower in diabetic mice than in normal mice. (5) Treatment with insulin restored such reduced resistance to Pseudomonas infection in diabetic mice. These findings suggest that the decreased resistance to Pseudomonas infection in diabetic mice should be ascribed to impaired function of antibody, abnormalities in phagocytic cells and disturbed microcirculation caused by the insulin-deficient state. PMID- 7026097 TI - HBsAg-induced hypertrophic smooth endoplasmic reticulum as a target for liver kidney microsomal (LKM) antibodies. AB - To test the hypothesis that LKM antibodies are directed against antigen(s) of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, liver biopsies from patients with HBsAg chronic hepatitis, rich in liver cells with HBsAg-induced hypertrophic SER, were used. A close correspondence was seen between cells with HBsAg-positive cytoplasm by immunoperoxidase and cells with a stronger and more homogeneous fluorescence by indirect immunofluorescence with LKM-positive sera. These results point to antigenic components of SER as reacting with LKM antibodies. The relevance of antigens present in the ribosomes and membranes of rough endoplasmic reticulum needs further evaluation. PMID- 7026098 TI - Effect of dietary amino acids on tumour growth and cell-mediated immune responses. PMID- 7026099 TI - Verapamil. PMID- 7026100 TI - Dr Douglas G. Cameron--an appreciation. PMID- 7026101 TI - Cardiovascular physiology. PMID- 7026102 TI - Noninvasive assessment of cardiovascular function. PMID- 7026103 TI - Venous dynamics--varicosities. PMID- 7026104 TI - Intrapartum intensive care management of the cardiac patient. PMID- 7026105 TI - Special considerations in the use of cardiovascular drugs. PMID- 7026106 TI - Stroke. PMID- 7026107 TI - Fetal cardiac anatomy and vascular dynamics. PMID- 7026108 TI - Oral contraception: mechanism of action. PMID- 7026109 TI - Clinical pharmacology and common minor side effects of oral contraceptives. PMID- 7026110 TI - Complications and contraindications of oral contraception. PMID- 7026111 TI - Neoplasia and hormonal contraception. PMID- 7026112 TI - Metabolic effects of the birth control pill. PMID- 7026113 TI - Vascular effects of hormonal contraception. PMID- 7026114 TI - The use of birth control pills in women with medical disorders. AB - Since little absolute data exist in the form of large prospective studies in patients with specific illnesses who are on oral contraceptives, the clinician must rely on well-founded empiric decisions in prescribing the pill for these patients. The decision should be based on a firm understanding of the pathophysiology and laboratory effects of the oral contraceptives. This must be juxtaposed with an understanding of the efficacy and effects of the estrogen and progestational components of the birth control pill and their interactions with maintenance medications. In the final analysis, though, the clinician must rely on a trial and error method in treating these patients. It must be stressed, however, that these women require careful monitoring, both clinically and biochemically. It is comforting to note that in all diseases studied to date, the use of birth control pills has not precipitated a catastrophic change. PMID- 7026115 TI - Adolescent contraception. PMID- 7026116 TI - Open tibia fracture with compartment syndrome. AB - In a series of 104 open tibia fractures, six patients developed compartment syndromes involving all four compartments of the lower leg, four of which developed after initial debridement and reduction. The presence of an open tibia fracture with a displaced, comminuted, fibula fracture should suggest the possibility of a developing compartment syndrome. Clinical symptoms include: increasing muscle pain which can be exaggerated by stretching; loss of sensation; decrease in muscle strength; and palpably swollen compartments. Double fasciotomy incisions may lead to adequate decompression, but result in marked loss of soft tissue support for the fracture. To sustain stability, a single posterolateral incision is recommended for compartmental decompression. PMID- 7026117 TI - The classic: qualities of intellectual order which the investigator should possess. Santiago Ramon y Cajal. PMID- 7026118 TI - Circulatory and vascular changes in the hip following innominate osteotomy: an experimental study. AB - The circulatory and vascular changes in the hip following Salter-type innominate osteotomy were studied in 35 dogs to determine the effects of innominate osteotomy on the blood supply of the hip joint. Microangiography, bone scanning, and isotope clearance were employed four months after the innominate osteotomy. Microangiography showed increased vascularity at the osteotomy site, in the ipsilateral side acetabulum, and in the femoral head in 65% of the dogs. Bone scanning with 99mTc diphosphonate showed increased activity at the osteotomy site, in the acetabulum, and in the femoral head and neck in 75% of the dogs. The 99mTc diphosphonate clearance studies showed that the blood supply to the femoral head was increased by almost 30% after innominate osteotomy in 50% of the dogs studied. These observations indicate that innominate osteotomy could increase the vascularity and blood supply of the hip by increasing the collateral circulation in the process of healing of the osteotomy. The physiologic basis of the joint to innominate osteotomy constitutes a rational basis for recommending the operation for the treatment of selected cases of congenital hip dislocation, Legg-Perthes disease of the femoral head, and degenerative osteoarthritis of the hip with or without acetabular dysplasia. PMID- 7026119 TI - Tension band fixation of acute cervical spine fractures. AB - Eight patients had posterior cervical spine fusion utilizing the principle of tension band fixation. Six patients with associated neurologic symptoms improved postoperatively. Solid fusion was achieved and a functional range of motion of the cervical spine was maintained in all of the living patients. PMID- 7026120 TI - A method for short- and long-term in vivo study of the bone-implant interface. AB - A screw-shaped titanium chamber has been designed for serial in vivo observations of the bone-implant interface. First, the chamber is implanted; later a test substance, e.g. bone cement, is inserted in the chamber and brought in contact with the bone with minimal trauma. Both acute and long-term effects can be intravitally observed, photographed, and recorded. PMID- 7026121 TI - Microangiographic representation of the microvascular system in bone tissue: a vital microscopic evaluation in the rabbit. AB - A titanium chamber, enabling in situ studies of living bone, was inserted into the adult rabbit metaphysis. The true vascular state of an observable bone tissue compartment was microscopically defined after autologous grafting of the chamber and a surrounding bone collar. Micropaque and India ink microangiography, respectively, were performed under direct, simultaneous inspection in a vital microscope. In 20 animals Micropaque and India ink, on the average, filled out less than 50% of the actually functioning vessels. Resting vessels were not responsible for the poor vascular delineation. Either a direct capillary blockage or an indirect blockage due to intravascular mixing of contrast media and blood occurred. PMID- 7026122 TI - The classic: congenital osteomalacia. Olaus Jacob Ekman. PMID- 7026123 TI - Osteogenesis imperfecta: historical background. AB - Approximately 100 years of observation and investigation have demontrated that the terms osteopsathyrosis idiopathica and OI refer to the same disease process. Classically, three cardinal symptoms have been described: bone fragility, blue sclerae and deafness. It is now known that this combination of findings is most likely to appear in patients with the milder form of the disease, and even in this group only some of the patients have all three symptoms. Historically, a hereditary mesenchymal defect transmitted by autosomal dominance has been implicated in the etiology. PMID- 7026124 TI - Determinants of response to anorexiants. AB - We analyzed data from an 81-patient clinical trial of anorexiant medication, searching for the predictors of response. In the trial we assigned treatments to participants by minimization, a process that decreases differences between treatment groups. Based on the literature, the investigators' experience, and the pharmacologic properties of the medications, we selected 25 factors for use in the minimization process. Retrospective examination by contingency-table analysis indicated that the most important predictors of weight loss in this study were weight loss during the 3-wk diet-only run-in period (chi 2, p less than 0.001), physician estimation of patients motivation (chi 2, P less than 0.003), participant eating habits (nighttime "binge" eaters responded best; chi 2, P less than 0.003), adherence to treatment (chi 2, P less than 0.01), and type of treatment (chi 2, P = 0.05). When multiple regression analysis was applied, several other factors aided in explaining the variance in the weight loss results. For example, duration of obesity was inversely related to weight loss and weight loss during the study increased with family income. Depending on the treatment used, anxiety and depression visual analogue scores also explained some of the variance. Failure to account for factors such as these in treatment assignment may account for the low discriminant power of clinical trials of anorexiants. PMID- 7026125 TI - Characterization of aggression-provoked renin from an unknown source in male mice. AB - 1. In male mice without kidneys and submaxillary, as well as sublingual, glands aggressive behaviour causes a vast release of renin [J. Bing & K. Poulsen (1979) Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 107, 251-256]. 2. This resulted in about an 800 fold increase in plasma renin concentration from the control level of 0.52 (range 0.15-0.8) Goldblatt unit (G.U.) x 10(-3)/ml to 430 (range 300-500) G.U. x 10( 3)/ml after aggression. 3. The aggression-provoked renin fulfil all the criteria so far studied for being active renin, identical with normal mouse plasma renin and pure submaxillary mouse renin. 4. It generates angiotensin I with renin substrate and Km (1.2 mumol/l) is the same. It is neutralized by pepstatin but not by inhibitors of metallo-, thiol and serine proteinases, indicating that it is an aspartate proteinase (acidic proteinase). 5. It is a 40 000-mol.wt. renin, which has full enzymatic activity with a specific enzymatic activity of 0.32 G.U./micrograms, identical with that of normal plasma renin. 6. Its enzymatic activity is neutralized by a specific antibody against pure submaxillary renin. It is measureable in the direct renin radioimmunoassay with a dilution curve which parallels that of the standards. It demonstrates complete antigenic identity with pure submaxillary renin in crossed immunoelectrophoresis. 7. Its origin is unknown. PMID- 7026126 TI - Water and electrolyte composition of urine and ileal fluid and its relationship to renin and aldosterone during dietary sodium deprivation in patients with ileostomies. AB - 1. The electrolyte and water composition of urine and ileal fluid was studied in six patients with ileostomies during dietary sodium deprivation and at the same time measurements were made of plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration, renal aldosterone excretion and plasma arginine vasopressin concentration. 2. In each subject there was a reduction in renal sodium excretion within 24 h of sodium deprivation. Significant rises in plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration and renal aldosterone excretion occurred by day 2 of sodium deprivation. 3. There was only modest conservation of sodium by the ileum during sodium deprivation, but ileal potassium concentration rose progressively. There were significant associations between ileal-fluid potassium concentration and plasma renin activity or renal aldosterone excretion. 4. Under the conditions of the experiment a diuresis was observed in each subject during dietary sodium deprivation. This did not appear to depend on changes in plasma arginine vasopressin concentration. PMID- 7026127 TI - Circulating dopamine: its effect on the plasma concentrations of catecholamines, renin, angiotensin, aldosterone and vasopressin in the conscious dog. AB - 1. Six male beagle dogs with carotid loops were infused with sodium chloride solution (150 mmol/l; saline) during control observations followed by dopamine infusion at various rates. Arterial blood samples were drawn during the control period and at the end of each period of dopamine infusion for the measurement of plasma dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, vasopressin, electrolytes and packed cell volume. Blood pressure and pulse were recorded throughout. 2. The rate of infusion and plasma dopamine levels were closely correlated (r = 0.99, P less than 0.001). Plasma dopamine levels two to 20 times basal values produced no significant change in any of the other variables measured; levels 200 times basal values caused a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in plasma renin concentration; levels 2000 times basal values were associated with significant increases (P less than 0.05) in plasma renin and angiotensin II, packed cell volume and blood pressure, without significant changes in other measurements. 3. Circulating dopamine is unlikely to be important in the control of sodium and water metabolism. PMID- 7026128 TI - Hypoglycaemia, hypothermia and shivering in man. AB - 1. The present experiments were designed to elucidate the reasons for the fall in central body temperature during hypoglycaemia. 2. The first experiment was carried out at a room temperature of 25 degrees C on 11 male subjects. Hypoglycaemia was induced by infusion of insulin. Heat production (calculated from respiratory gas exchange) rose from a baseline of 5.10 +/- 0.13 kJ/min (mean +/- SEM) to a peak of 6.25 +/- 0.21 kJ/min (P less than 0.001), but core temperature fell concurrently by 0.51 +/- 0.08 degrees C and skin temperature fell by 1.1 +/- 0.2 degrees C. The net heat loss was due to peripheral vasodilatation and sweating. 3. To determine the effect of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on thermoregulation in a cool environment, the experiment was repeated at a room temperature of 18-19 degrees C on five of the subjects who had air blown over them until shivering was sustained. During this time heat production rose to 10.13 +/- 1.67 kJ/min, but core temperature remained constant. Shivering stopped as plasma glucose fell below 2.5 mmol/l during insulin infusion and the subjects said they no longer felt cold. 4. During hypoglycaemia in the cold peripheral vasodilatation and sweating occurred, skin temperature fell by up to 0.8 degrees C and core temperature fell below 35 degrees C, so subjects had to be rewarmed. 5. Recovery of plasma glucose after hypoglycaemia in the cold was impaired at low body temperatures, but shivering was restored within seconds when glucose was given intravenously. PMID- 7026130 TI - Accentuated hypotensive effect of sodium nitroprusside in man after captopril. PMID- 7026129 TI - Carotid sinus reflex control of renin release in hypertensive subjects with high renin secretion. AB - 1. Carotid baroreceptor manipulation (neck-chamber technique) and passive head-up tilting were used in ten patients with renovascular hypertension and in five subjects with essential hypertension under diuretic treatment to study reflex control of renin secretion at high basal-renin production rates. 2. Reflex effects of carotid baroreceptor manipulation on renin secretion were only minor. During baroreceptor deactivation there was a moderate increase in mean arterial pressure, but an inconsistent change in the renal venous--arterial difference in plasma renin activity (PRA). 3. During baroreceptor stimulation there was a modest fall in mean arterial pressure and a marked rise in the renal venous- arterial difference in PRA. This was opposite to the fall which might have been predicted as a result of the sympathetic depressor influence of the baroreceptor stimulus. Conversely, tilting increased the venous--arterial PRA difference by about 200%. 4. It is concluded that when renin production rate is high carotid baroreceptors exert little control over renin release, just as when renin production is low. Reflex control of renin, however, is very active in subjects with a high renin production, probably due to receptors in the cardiopulmonary region. PMID- 7026131 TI - Plasma angiotensin II concentration regulates vascular but not adrenal responsiveness to restriction of sodium intake in normal man. AB - 1. Sodium restriction increases adrenal and decreases vascular sensitivity to angiotensin II (ANG II). These responses may be mediated either by the circulating level of ANG II or other mechanisms also modified by a change in sodium balance. To assess the importance of the ANG II level, captopril, an oral converting enzyme inhibitor, was used to lower the plasma ANG II level to the sodium-loaded range while maintaining subjects in low sodium balance. 2. Normal volunteer subjects received an infusion of ANG II in increasing doses in three states: high sodium intake, low sodium intake and low sodium intake after pretreatment with captopril. 3. Basal levels of ANG II on high-sodium diet and low-sodium diet plus captopril were similar. In the ANG II infusion studies the slope of the aldosterone--ANG II regression line on low sodium intake was significantly steeper than that on high sodium intake. After the addition of captopril the slope was not decreased, indicating that the endogenous ANG II concentration is not necessary to maintain adrenal sensitivity during sodium restriction. 4. In the ANG II infusion studies the slope of the mean blood pressure--ANG II regression line on high sodium intake was significantly steeper than that on low sodium intake. The addition of captopril to sodium-restricted subjects caused the slope of the regression relationship to increase significantly, consistent with an enhanced vascular responsiveness when endogenous ANG II levels were lowered. However, the slope on low sodium plus captopril did not increase to the level of subjects on a high-sodium diet, suggesting that factors in addition to the circulating ANG II level are also important in regulating the vascular responsiveness to ANG II. PMID- 7026132 TI - [Evaluation of the metabolic action of glucagon in subjects undergoing anti insulin therapy]. PMID- 7026133 TI - [Comparison of the clinical activity of 2 analgesic formulations]. PMID- 7026134 TI - [Beta-lactamines]. PMID- 7026135 TI - [Anti-tumor drugs in renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7026136 TI - [Therapeutic effectiveness of metossimine associated with an aminoglycoside in a case of severe gram-negative sepsis]. PMID- 7026137 TI - [Advantages of a fixed association of oxprenolol-chlorthalidone, as opposed to chlorthalidone alone, in the treatment of chronic essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7026138 TI - [Pharmacological and clinical characteristics of metoclopramide]. PMID- 7026139 TI - [Short-term controlled clinical studies with sodium diclofenac in patients with "painful" osteoarthrosis]. PMID- 7026140 TI - [Correlations between prostaglandins and secretion of insulin, glucagon and somatotropic hormone. Effects of treatment with acetylsalicylic acid]. PMID- 7026141 TI - [Use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents in therapy]. PMID- 7026142 TI - [Aging of the population and rheumatic arthropathies. Epidemiological and clinico therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 7026143 TI - [Antihypertensive effects of timolol and of the combination timolol, amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide]. PMID- 7026144 TI - ["Slow-release" metoprolol in the therapy of hypertension: comparison with divided doses]. PMID- 7026145 TI - [Antidepressive agents in old age]. PMID- 7026146 TI - The cardiorespiratory effects of obesity. PMID- 7026147 TI - Motor disturbances of the diaphragm. PMID- 7026149 TI - Dyspnea. PMID- 7026148 TI - Neural regulation of respiration. AB - We would suggest that during the evolution of the mammalian respiratory neural networks the primitive centers in the cervical cord as well as the ventral respiratory group which evolved in fish have been preserved and are capable of functioning in the absence of the dorsal respiratory group generator which evolved with air breathing. We believe that these pattern generators are separate from the identified respiratory units that have so far been studied and that the apparent reciprocal inhibition observed in the identified cells results from synchronized excitatory and inhibitory inputs arising from the pattern generator itself. We believe that the model of such a system shown in Figure 3 is consistent with the observations cited in the previous section and inconsistent with models involving a single site for a pattern generator or interaction between various populations of known or identified respiratory units. PMID- 7026150 TI - Control of breathing in asthma. AB - The hyperventilation seen in asthma is due to an increase in respiratory drive. This may be reflected by increased neural output to the respiratory muscles and probably by alterations in the respiratory pattern. This increased respiratory drive is most likely in response to irritant receptor stimulation in the lung. Our understanding of the genesis of hyperventilation and an abnormal breathing pattern in asthma has paralleled in growth in our understanding of the mechanism of respiratory control. New methods for studying the control of respiration have been applied to the clinical problem of asthma successfully. Further growth in the applications of knowledge of respiratory control may be expected. PMID- 7026151 TI - Nutritional problems in the alcoholic. PMID- 7026152 TI - Vitamin D deficiency rickets in American children. PMID- 7026153 TI - Selenium in nutrition. PMID- 7026154 TI - Treatment of morbid obesity. PMID- 7026155 TI - Dietary guidelines and drug therapies. PMID- 7026156 TI - [In memory of the Academician of the Laboratory of Scientific Veterinary Research of the Academy of Agriculture (1906-1980) (Iakob Rmonavitch Kovalenko)]. PMID- 7026157 TI - The isolation of Escherichia coli from a sheep slaughtering line in an abattoir. PMID- 7026158 TI - Morphological basis of glomerular filtration of macromolecules in normal and pathologic conditions. PMID- 7026159 TI - Glomerular and tubular proteinuria in myeloma. Relationship with Bence Jones proteinuria. PMID- 7026160 TI - Hypercalciuria in children. PMID- 7026161 TI - Diuretics in infancy. PMID- 7026162 TI - Electrolyte abnormalities as a complication of drug therapy. PMID- 7026163 TI - Metabolic alkalosis: role of the kidney. PMID- 7026164 TI - The role of intermittent catheterization in the management of children with neuropathic bladders. PMID- 7026165 TI - Ionized calcium in body fluids. AB - This article will review the methods currently available to the clinician and research worker for measuring the concentration of ionized calcium in various body fluids including whole blood, serum, plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, milk, and synovial fluid. The methods to be reviewed are based on procedures involving bioluminescence, colorimetry and ion-selective electrodes. Emphasis will be given to the precision and, wherever possible, accuracy of each technique. Possible sources of error and interfering agents will be identified. Attention will be given to the recommended conditions for measuring ionized calcium in each body fluid. An assessment will be made of the theoretical and practical importance of measuring ionized calcium rather than total calcium and of its value in clinical medicine. PMID- 7026166 TI - Measurement of oxygen tension: a historical perspective. PMID- 7026167 TI - History of transcutaneous PO2 measurement. PMID- 7026168 TI - Computed tomography of musculoskeletal tumors. AB - Modern chemotherapy has resulted in increased survival and even cure in many patients with malignant bone and soft tissue tumors. As a results, whereas amputation was commonly practiced in the past, many centers now use limb preservation surgery in selected patients. This technique requires accurate preoperative assessment of tumor location, extent and relationships, and the role of different imaging techniques, including conventional radiography, CT, radionuclide scanning, sonography and angiography in evaluating these parameters is discussed. CT provides the most accurate technique currently available for assessing the local extent of musculoskeletal tumors and has thus had a significant effect on their management. An algorithmic approach to the evaluation of musculoskeletal tumors is proposed. PMID- 7026169 TI - Computed tomography in the management of head and neck cancer. AB - Computed tomography is indispensable in determining the deeper extensions of tumors and proper treatment planning as well as in documentation of tumor resolution for lesions arising in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, orbit, and salivary glands. In the hypopharynx and larynx, computed tomography provides information of differing degrees of value according to the clinical stage, site of origin, and usual therapeutic approach for each tissue. Detection of subclinical cervical adenopathy needs further investigation. Computed tomography has not been of particular value for lesions arising in the oral cavity and oropharynx. PMID- 7026170 TI - The role of computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of brain tumors. AB - This review article emphasizes the role of computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of brain tumors. The head CT scan has become one of the most precise noninvasive tests in the neurosciences. It has given clinicians more information than they were able to obtain in the past. The subject is covered by subdividing it into several categories: detection of true tumor extent, radiation treatment planning, the immediate postoperative period, treatment responses, failure patterns, detection of radiation-induced damage, and the potential to predict histopathology. The paper is illustrated with examples that emphasize the advantages and some of the limitations of computed tomography as it exists today. PMID- 7026171 TI - Use of computerized tomography in dose calculations for radiation treatment planning. AB - The detailed anatomic information provided by CT scanners can be used to improve the accuracy of dose distribution calculations for radiation treatment planning. Commonly used methods for dose computations are described, with emphasis on their use with CT data, and measured data are presented to illustrate their relative merits. Modification of CT numbers to account for the difference in energies of diagnostic and therapeutic radiation is discussed. A description of a typical CT based radiation treatment planning system is presented. PMID- 7026172 TI - Myotonia induced by chemical agents. PMID- 7026173 TI - Inducible repair systems and their implications for toxicology. PMID- 7026174 TI - Saturable metabolism and its relationship to toxicity. AB - Metabolism plays a central role in regulating the toxicity of a variety of chemicals. Relatively innocuous substances can be converted to highly toxic metabolites. Conversely, toxic substances can be biotransformed to less harmful metabolites or be excreted, thus limiting their duration of biological action. Virtually all metabolism and many excretory processes utilize specific binding proteins, i.e., enzymes and carrier proteins. These metabolic and carrier mediated excretory clearance pathways are capacity-limited, becoming saturated at sufficiently high substrate concentrations. Saturable metabolic clearance processes lead to dose-dependent pharmacokinetics for many chemicals. When dose dependent pharmacokinetics prevail, internally significant parameters, such as area under the curve for concentration of toxicant at active sites and the amount of metabolite formed during inhalation exposure, are not linearly related to externally significant parameters such as administered dose or inspired concentration. Dose-response curves should relate observed effects to some internally significant parameter. Toxic response should often be indexed to area under the curve relationships or total amount metabolized, instead of dose or inspired concentration. The former parameters are complexly related to the latter. The nature of the relationship depends on the kinetic constants for metabolic and excretory clearance. Pharmacokinetic analyses of dose-dependent clearance mechanisms provide an understanding of how one transforms externally significant parameters to internally significant parameters under various exposure conditions. Consideration of metabolic clearance at the organ level illuminates the importance of physiological factors, showing unequivocally that blood flow may be rate-limiting for metabolism under many exposure conditions. Recognition of the potential for this behavior is essential to the proper design and evaluation of certain toxicological experimentation. Development of comprehensive pharmacokinetic descriptions of the influence of saturable clearance on delivery of active chemical to target sites augurs well for improving both intraspecies and interspecies extrapolation of toxicity data. This is a critical area of contemporary toxicology. Dose selection for chronic studies could also be improved by knowledge of the dose-dependence of pharmacokinetic parameters in proposed test species. The field of toxicology reviewed here represents an interface between pharmacokinetic research and studies on basic mechanisms of toxic action. It entails utilization of quantitative concepts to better understand the physiological and biochemical controls which regulate the expression of the toxicity of various chemicals. Much work remains to be accomplished in this exciting area of toxicological research. Some of the predictions of the pharmacokinetic analyses are still tentative and require more definitive experimentation... PMID- 7026175 TI - The regulation of epidermal hyperplastic growth. PMID- 7026176 TI - Biologic markers in cancer diagnosis and treatment. AB - We have reviewed several tumor markers that our advocates feel are now clinically useful, involve current assay technology, and are based on already available information. These include, in selected instances, estrogen receptors for breast cancer, thyrocalcitonin for medullary cancer of the thyroid, prostatic acid phosphatase for cancer of the prostate, alpha-fetoprotein for hepatocellular cancer, and carcinoembryonic antigen for monitoring colon cancer. We have considered the potential use of measurement of serum proteases and protein degradation products due to their activity as possible future areas of development, and we have explored measurement of tissue aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase to identify populations at risk of cancer resulting from chemical carcinogenesis. It is clear that the study of tumor markers is already improving patient care in some specific areas and offers exciting potential for the future. PMID- 7026177 TI - The natural history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7026178 TI - Physical fitness in children: implications for the prevention of coronary artery disease. PMID- 7026179 TI - Biliary atresia: new concepts of management. PMID- 7026180 TI - Origin and replication of defective interfering particles. PMID- 7026181 TI - Transcriptional control regions: nucleotide sequence requirements for initiation by RNA polymerase II and III. PMID- 7026182 TI - Mechanism of mRNA recognition by eukaryotic ribosomes during initiation of protein synthesis. PMID- 7026183 TI - A quantitative study of the phagocytosis of Escherichia coli by myxamoebae of the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - A method is described for the rapid and sensitive assay of phagocytosis which utilizes radioactively labelled bacteria. Ingestion is proportional to the concentration of amoebae in the incubation mixture and a double reciprocal plot of the initial rate of ingestion versus bacterial concentration yields a straight line. In the presence of excess bacteria, the kinetics of ingestion are approximately linear during the early stages of the time course, and then continue at a steadily decreasing rate, eventually levelling off after about 60 min incubation. At this stage, the average number of bacteria per amoebae is between 65 and 70. Phagocytosis is sensitive to low temperature and inhibitors of aerobic respiration but is unaffected by substances which block glycolysis. Digestion of the engulfed bacteria begins rapidly and can apparently proceed to completion since very little radioactivity is lost to the medium for a period of 8 h following ingestion. PMID- 7026184 TI - Survivors of the Nazi holocaust. PMID- 7026185 TI - Differing adaptational styles in families of survivors of the Nazi holocaust. PMID- 7026186 TI - Teacher response to the methylphenidate (ritalin) versus placebo status of hyperactive boys in the classroom. AB - The effects of children's medication status on teacher behaviors were studied in a classroom setting. Teacher behaviors toward hyperactive boys on methylphenidate were compared to those toward hyperactive boys on placebo, as well as those toward normal comparison peers. A medication crossover design was used within the hyperactive group, and the teacher had no knowledge of diagnoses or medication condition. Across 4 different classroom experiments, the teacher was more intense and controlling toward hyperactive boys on placebo than toward the other 2 groups. No differences emerged between the comparison and medicated hyperactive groups, suggesting that methylphenidate served to "normalize" teacher-pupil interactions. Teacher behaviors toward individual boys were also moderately to strongly related to teacher global impressions of these youngsters, as indexed by qualitative rating scales. Discussion focuses on the social ramifications of medication and the need for broader monitoring of treatment outcomes. PMID- 7026187 TI - [The Royal Edict of May 1699--an important date for dentistry]. PMID- 7026188 TI - Clinical significance of antinuclear antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Sera from 70 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were studied for antinuclear antibodies and its clinical significance. Indirect immunofluorescence technique with mouse liver tissue and Crithidia luciliae flagella as substrates was used to detect antinuclear antibodies (FANA) and antibodies to double stranded DNA (anti-ds DNA), respectively. Double immunodiffusion method identical with reference sera was used to detect antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (anti-ENA). The prevalence of fluorescence antinuclear antibodies, antibodies to ds DNA and antibodies to ENA were 95.7%, 52.9% and 58.6%, respectively. Patients with homogeneous pattern of FANA presented clinically with high incidence of LE cell phenomenon. Patients with anti-ds DNA antibodies presented clinically with high incidences of serositis, profuse proteinuria, low serum C3 and high clinical activity. Patients with anti-RNP antibodies presented with high incidence of Raynaud's phenomenon and low incidence of anti-ds DNA antibodies. Patients with severe renal involvement showed a good correlation with high titer of anti-ds DNA antibodies and low serum C3. Therefore, these two factors together are helpful to predict the severity of renal involvement at the time of serum sample was obtained. PMID- 7026189 TI - Acid protease in adult Schistosoma japonicum (Formosan strain). AB - Acid protease in Schistosoma japonicum (Formosan strain) was found. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was found to be 4.4 and 6.0 by the isoelectrofocusing technique and the molecular weight was estimated to be about 31,000 daltons determined by Sephadex gel filtration. The Km of the enzyme for human globin was found to be 2.9 X 10(-4) M. PMID- 7026190 TI - [Results of treatment of dislocations of the acromioclavicular joint]. PMID- 7026191 TI - [comparative value of refrigerated and freeze-dried homologous bone transplants in the treatment of hip joint dysplasia by Salter's osteotomy]. PMID- 7026192 TI - [Proposed simplified model of arterial microvascular anastomosis in the rat]. PMID- 7026193 TI - [The leg-lengthening operation]. PMID- 7026194 TI - [Carcinoma of the pancreas developing in chronic pancreatitis. General review (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026195 TI - Dexamethasone hypertension in rats. AB - The effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on systolic blood pressure, sodium balance and the renin-angiotensin system were studied in rats. DEX significantly increased systolic blood pressure within three days of its administration, but this effect of DEX on blood pressure was not enhanced by concurrent use of saline solution. In DEX-treated rats, urine volume was significantly increased and urinary sodium excretion showed a tendency toward a slight increase compared to control rats. On the 8th day of DEX administration, plasma renin substrate (PRS) was significantly elevated compared to control rats, whereas plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was not significantly different from that of control rats. These results suggest that hypertension induced by DEX may not be dependent on sodium retention or activation of the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 7026196 TI - Metabolism of D, L-3H-norepinephrine in essential hypertension. AB - Defective control of the cardiovascular system by the sympathetic nerves continues to be incriminated as the potential primary physiologic defect in essential hypertension (EH). The need to measure sympathetic tone has progressed from physiologic mensuration by assessment of reflex and pharmacological responses to the recent assay of norepinephrine (NE) and its congeners in both urine and plasma. The way in which the body handles D,L-B-3H-NE represents yet another technique by which to evaluate sympathetic function. Previous studies of EH by this method demonstrated more rapid plasma disappearance of 3H-NE as well as elevated 24 hour tritium accumulation in the urine following D,L-B-3H-NE injection. The present study of 7 normotensive subjects and 7 patients with EH was designed to depict more precisely these abnormalities in 3H-NE-metabolism. Following a one minute injection of 8 micrograms D,L-B-3H-NE, (200 microCi) intravenously, the excretion of unlabeled endogenous metabolites and their labeled congeners was assayed. By these means one could estimate catecholamine synthesis, turnover of the labeled pools, and by comparison of relative specific activities of the metabolites, gain some insight into the distribution of the injected material. Alternative catabolic pathways were evaluated by measurement of the excretion of 3H2O. Patients with EH excreted more label per 24 hours, revealed a more rapid decline of 3H2O excretion and lower specific activity of normetanephrine (NM). These findings are compatible with changes in pool dynamics and distribution of administered label which gave additional support to the concept of adrenergic dysfunction in association with essential hypertension. PMID- 7026197 TI - Immersion and venous occlusion plethysmography in patients with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. AB - In 3 patients suffering from idiopathic orthostatic hypotension (Shy-Drager's syndrome) venous distensibility was measured by occlusion plethysmography in supine and upright position. In this latter position, venoconstriction was absent, contrasting with the marked venoconstriction observed in normal volunteers studied under identical conditions. Venous occlusion plethysmography therefore seems to be useful to detect the autonomic defect leading to venous pooling. These patients were also immersed in water to the mid-abdomen while standing. This maneuver fully abolished orthostatic hypotension. Immersion is useful in motivating these patients to accept treatment by counterpressure garments, and makes early active physiotherapy possible. PMID- 7026198 TI - Captopril withdrawal after chronic therapy. AB - Sudden symptomatic increases in blood pressure may result from withdrawal of antihypertensive drug therapy. Captopril, an orally active angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, was abruptly withdrawn from the antihypertensive regimen of 6 patients (5 males; aged 31 to 58) with moderate to severe hypertension. The patients had received captopril (50-450 mg/day), diuretics, and in 2 cases, propranolol for 3-13 months; all drugs other than captopril were continued during the study. Blood pressure increased gradually in all patients from a mean (+/- SEM) of 135/92 +/- 5/2 mm Hg to 164/111 +/- 8/3 mm Hg in the 14 to 156 hours following captopril withdrawal, without the occurrence of symptoms. No "rebound" increase in blood pressure was noted. Plasma renin activity decreased, plasma aldosterone and serum angiotensin II concentrations increased and plasma catecholamine concentrations did not change during this time. These changes are consistent with the cessation of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. Reinstitution of captopril reduced blood pressure to the previous nadir suggesting a lack of tolerance to its effects after chronic therapy. PMID- 7026199 TI - Effect of indomethacin on antihypertensive action of captopril in hypertensive patients. AB - To evaluate the role of prostaglandin systems in mediating the response of blood pressure (BP) to the converting enzyme inhibitor, single dose of captopril, 100 mg, was administered orally in thirteen patients with essential hypertension, during three experimental periods: on a normal-sodium diet (150 mEq per day), on a low-sodium diet (30 mEq per day), and on a low-sodium diet following with indomethacin 150 mg daily for three days. During the normal-sodium and low-sodium periods, BP was significantly decreased after the administration of captopril, accompanied by a significant increase in urinary PGE2 excretion. With the indomethacin treatment, captopril-induced fall in BP was markedly inhibited, not associated with the apparent increase in urinary PGE2 excretion. The evidence presented suggests that antihypertensive effect of captopril may be due to overproduction of prostaglandin, in addition to a reduction in circulating angiotensin II. Moreover, the indomethacin-inhibiting effect of the fall in BP caused by captopril was more markedly exhibited in the renin-nonresponder subjects than the renin-responder subjects. These results suggest that the prostaglandin systems may play an important role in vasodepressor action of captopril in patients with essential hypertension, especially in a low-renin group. PMID- 7026200 TI - Biochemical properties of the renin binding substance of rat kidney. AB - Renin extracted from isolated renin granules of the rat is a low molecular weight form (40,000 daltons). The renin binding substance which is capable of binding with the low molecular weight renin to form a high molecular weight renin (60,000 daltons) under sulfhydryl oxidation was found to be contained in the crude extract of rat renal cortex. This substance is presumably a protein with molecular weight of over 47,000 daltons by gel filtration. The most striking event was that rat renin binding substance was bound with dog renin and vice versa. PMID- 7026201 TI - Solid KHT tumor dispersal for flow cytometric cell kinetic analysis. AB - We used a bacterial neutral protease to disperse KHT solid tumors into single cell suspensions suitable for routine cell kinetic analysis by flow cytometry and for clonogenic cell survival. Neutral protease disaggregation under conditions which would be suitable for routine tumor dispersal was compared with a trypsin/DNase procedure. Cell yield, clonogenic cell survival, DNA distributions of untreated and drug-perturbed tumors, rates of radioactive precursor incorporation during the cell cycle, and preferential cell cycle phase-specific cell loss were investigated. Tumors dispersed with neutral protease yielded approximately four times more cells than those dispersed with trypsin/DNase and approximately a 1.5-fold higher plating efficiency in a semisolid agar system. Quantitative analysis of DNA distributions obtained from untreated and cytosine arabinoside-perturbed tumors produced similar results with both dispersal procedures. The rates of incorporation of tritiated thymidine during the cell cycle were also similar with neutral protease and trypsin/DNase dispersal. Preferential phase-specific cell loss was not observed with either technique. We find that neutral protease provides good single cell suspensions of the KHT tumor for cell survival measurements and for cell kinetic analysis of drug-induced perturbations by flow cytometry. In addition, the high cell yields facilitate electronic cell sorting where large numbers of cells are often required. PMID- 7026202 TI - [Double fluorescent-label study of the localization of mesencephalic neurons projecting into the neostriatum]. PMID- 7026203 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: review with a case study. AB - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a devastating disease state that is almost always fatal without appropriate therapy. The offending organism is difficult to culture, and the diagnosis is best confirmed by performing an open-lung biopsy. Drug therapy includes pentamidine in doses of 4 mg/kg/d im and/or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) in doses of 20 mg/Kg/d of the former and 100 mg/kg/d of the latter in four divided doses. Of these two agents, TMP/SMX appears to be most effective, although pentamidine may be of benefit if the combination product fails. Adverse effects associated with pentamidine are greater in number and more severe than those associated with TMP/SMX. A case report is presented to demonstrate drug therapy and the severity of the disease. PMID- 7026204 TI - Update on the treatment of bacterial urinary tract infections. AB - The treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) has become a complex problem for the clinical practitioner. An understanding of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and in vivo biological activity of antimicrobial agents is needed, as is an understanding of the variables that may influence patient compliance with medication regimens. Although UTIs are usually treated for 10 to 14 days, shorter treatment schedules of seven to ten days or even single-dose regimens are possible. Guidelines for the treatment of UTIs are presented along with suggestions for increased patient compliance. PMID- 7026205 TI - [Initial peak as a result of an adaptation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026206 TI - [Metabolism of sulfadimidine in the phase of the initial peak (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026207 TI - [Kinetics of anti-inflammatory drugs in serum and synovia of horses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026208 TI - [delta-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and its changes by lead in poultry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026209 TI - [Acute loading with catecholamines on young pigs in combined inhalation anaesthesia after simultaneous premedication with atropine and azaperone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026210 TI - [Influence of butyrophenone-derivates on the increased renal blood flow by dopamine in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026211 TI - [Drug interactions: a communication concerning the acceptance of the combination of monensin and tiamulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026212 TI - [In vitro assays on the resorption of a drug (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026214 TI - [Reflections on a life-cycle fish toxicity test with reference to the German Chemicals Control Act (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026213 TI - [Determination of organic nitrogen by distillation and an ammonium electrode after clean-up with conventional catalyzer mixtures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026215 TI - [The heart rate decreasing activity of the beta-blocker propranolol in various types of tachycardia in conscious dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026216 TI - [Comparative investigations of the local anesthetic properties of clinically used local anesthetics and antiarrhythmics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026217 TI - [The rabies in Lower Saxony and Hessen in the years 1970-1980; a critical evaluation about the combating methods especially about the activities of gasing to the populations of foxes and badgers and also just to the development of rabies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026218 TI - [Loss of wool in sheep following experimental thallium poisoning]. PMID- 7026219 TI - Epidemiological appraisal of the literature on the fetal alcohol syndrome in humans. AB - An evaluation of the evidence regarding the association between heavy maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy and the occurrence in offspring of that cluster of abnormalities called the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is undertaken from an epidemiological perspective. Areas of concern in assessing the literature include the objectivity with which the maternal drinking history was obtained, the nature, systematic or not, of examination of offspring, the presence or absence of a comparison group, the control for potentially confounding factors and, perhaps most important of all, whether or not the identification of a case was made blind to knowledge of the maternal drinking history. While well-documented evidence that can implicate a hypothesized teratogen is difficult to obtain, the data available concerning the effects of in utero exposure to high doses of alcohol must be carefully and thoughtfully scrutinized so that valid inferences may be drawn. In this review particular attention is focused on the nature of the association between in utero alcohol exposure and mental retardation, certainly the most devastating of the FAS features. PMID- 7026220 TI - Localization of renin in trophoblasts in human chorion laeve at term pregnancy. AB - It is known that renin is present in fetal membranes, with the highest concentration in the chorion laeve (reflected chorion). The purpose of this study was to identify and localize renin in human chorion laeve. Indirect immunofluorescent analysis, using antiserum against pure human kidney renin, revealed a single layer of cells in the chorion with strongly positive fluorescence. The presence of atrophic villi in this layer together with other morphological evidence indicate that the cells which are positive for renin are cytotrophoblasts. Isolated cells were prepared from the chorion by collagenase digestion, followed by filtration and density gradient centrifugation on Percoll. The isolated cells also showed a positive reaction with the immunofluorescent technique. Control experiments with nonimmune serum did not show fluorescent cells. Biochemical analysis using RIA of angiotensin I generated from sheep substrate indicated that most of the renin activity in the isolated cells was present as inactive renin (activated by trypsin). The presence of renin in trophoblastic cells may be of significance in local cardiovascular regulation, events associated with parturition, or pathophysiological manifestations of trophoblastic disease. PMID- 7026221 TI - The effect of insulin and luteinizing hormone treatment on serum concentrations of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone and testicular 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in intact and hypophysectomized diabetic rats. PMID- 7026222 TI - Insulin and 17 beta-estradiol increase the intracellular prolactin content of GH4C1 cells. AB - We investigated the effects of insulin and 17 beta-estradiol in PRL-producing rat pituitary tumor cells (GH cells) in culture. Incubation with 1.8 X 10(-7) M insulin and 1 X 10(-9) M estradiol always increased intracellular PRL significantly to a mean of 290% of control levels. Insulin or estradiol alone caused smaller increases in intracellular PRL that were significant in five out of six experiments with insulin and three out of five experiments with estradiol, producing average increases of 150% and 160% of controls, respectively. Combined treatment with insulin and estradiol increased PRL secreted into the medium to 160% of controls, which was smaller than the effect on intracellular PRL. The effects of insulin and estradiol were detectable after 2-4 days of treatment and were maximal between 6-8 days. The effects were dose dependent; the half-maximal dose of insulin was about 2 X 10(-8) M and of estradiol was about 5 X 10(-11) M. Treatment with both insulin and estradiol increased cellular uptake of [3H]leucine by 45% compared to controls, incorporation of [3H]leucine into PRL by 65%, and total protein by 50%. The increased incorporation into PRL may represent an increase in PRL synthesis, but it is not enough to account for the increased intracellular hormone. Insulin and estradiol did not change the time required for most newly synthesized PRL to be processed and released from the cells, which was 60 min. Therefore, the amount of intracellular PRL was not increased as a result of an increased intracellular transit time. We conclude that insulin and estradiol increase the amount of intracellular PRL as a result of either decreasing the rate of degradation or increasing the cells' capacity to store PRL. PMID- 7026223 TI - [Effect of long-term therapy with a new sulfonylurea derivative SPC-703 on the endocrine function of the pancreas in adult-onset diabetic patients]. PMID- 7026224 TI - Structural basis of the mutagenicity in bacteria of nitrated naphthalene and derivatives. AB - While 2-nitronaphthalene was a weak direct-acting base-substitution mutagen (1.4 revertants/nanomole) for Salmonella typhimurium, the analogous nitronaphthalic acid anhydride and imides were moderate frameshift mutagens (approximately 20 rev/nanomole in strain TA98). Although imide derivatives are efficient DNA intercalators, mutagenicity data indicate that the bulk of the frameshift activity is derived from adduct formation between hydroxylamine intermediates and DNA. The low level of frameshift activity (approximately 8% of total) resulting from simple intercalation (measured in strain TA 1537) is not dependent upon reduction of the nitro function. Evidence is presented that suggests that the reduction of the nitro function to the corresponding hydroxylamine might not involve a free nitroso intermediate. The introduction of a second nitrofunction into nitronaphthalenes results in great positional effects of the various isomers on mutagenic activity and specificity. PMID- 7026225 TI - Mutagenicity of municipal water obtained from an agricultural area. AB - We have studied the mutagenicity of the water from Lake Bloomington and of the tap water that is made from the lake water. The lake, which is the source of drinking water for Bloomington, Illinois (pop. 44,000), is surrounded by land that is farmed intensively--being mainly in maize and soybeans. Samples were collected monthly from May through October 1979 and concentrated 3,000X with XAD 2 resin. Nearly all of the lake and tap water concentrates were mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 in the presence of S-9 mix, and the May tap water concentrate was highly mutagenic. In addition, many of the concentrates were toxic to the bacteria in the absence of S-9 mix. Chemical analysis of the highly mutagenic tap water concentrate from May revealed the presence of a number of organic contaminants that were absent from control concentrates prepared from deionized and distilled treated-well water. In addition, unconcentrated lake and tap water were tested in a reverse-mutation test in maize (Zea mays); no mutagenicity was detected. This study indicates that the contamination of drinking water with agricultural and/or industrial chemicals may result in a potential health hazard. PMID- 7026226 TI - The mutagenic effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and its degradation products in the Ames microbial assay. AB - cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II), an antitumor compound which exhibits mutagenic activity, and its degradation products platin B salt, magnus red, and magnus red anion salt were tested in the Ames microbial mutagenicity assay. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the positive mutagenic response of the platinum compound could be due to, or enhanced by, the presence of degradation products. Results indicate that platinum degradation complexes are weak mutagens which are capable of inducing both base pair and frameshift-type mutations. PMID- 7026227 TI - Regression analysis of Ames test data. PMID- 7026228 TI - Mutagenicity of isomeric beta, gamma-unsaturated N-nitrosamines derived from terpene alkanolamines. PMID- 7026229 TI - A chronic carrier of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole-resistant Shigella flexneri serotype 1. PMID- 7026230 TI - Falciparum malaria among military recruits: emphasis on early diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7026232 TI - Fluid control mechanisms after exercise dehydration. AB - Since the osmocontrol- (osmolality), the renin-angiotensin-(PRA), and the volume control-(central venous pressure, CVP) systems are involved in the maintainance of the salt-water balance, we investigated the pattern of these parameters in the recovery period after exercise dehydration in 13 well trained long-distance runners. On average, after exercise the athletes had lost 3.1% of their body weight (BW). After eating and drinking the BW was still 1.3% below control value, indicative of continuing deficits. Plasma osmolality increased, however, from an average value of 286-290 mosmol/kg after exercise as well as postprandially, but the change was not significant. PRA-Levels rose significantly from 0.167-0.599 ng/ml . h after exercise and decreased to 0.333 ng/ml . h postprandially. CVP was significantly altered after exercise (-3.5 cm H20) as well as postprandially ( 2.4 cm H20). The results suggest that the salt-water balance is maintained by the interplay of all the three systems. In conflicting situations, however, as when intercompartmental water- and solute-shifts take place during the recovery period, the volume control system triggered off by the CVP is the dominant corrective response to the prevailing deficits.U PMID- 7026231 TI - Biochemical changes in a 100 km run: carbohydrates, lipids, and hormones in serum. AB - During the 100 km race in Biel, Switzerland, seven-well trained men (age 33.3 +/- 3.5 years; V02 max. 59.9 +/- ml/kg) have been investigated. Their mean running time over the 100 km distance averaged 10.41 +/- 1.25 h. In contrast to almost unchanged blood glucose and lactate concentrations, blood lipids showed significant changes. Triglycerides decreased about two-fold, whereas glycerol and free fatty acids increased to extremely high concentrations (0.628 and 2.44 mmol/l respectively). Plasma insulin after the run was unaffected, whereas growth hormone, aldosterone and cortisol concentrations were significantly increased. With the exceptions of a still significantly elevated aldosterone and lactate concentration as well as a decreased triglyceride concentration all other values in the blood are restored to normal 24 h after completion of the run. PMID- 7026233 TI - Fluorimetric study of yeast tRNAPheCCF in the complex with phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. Evidence for a correlation between the structural adaptation of both macromolecules and the appearance of the acylation activity. AB - The fluorescence properties of yeast tRNAPheCCF (tRNAPhe in which the 3'-terminal adenosine has been replaced by formycin) and tRNAPheCCFoxi-red (tRNAPheCCF after periodate oxidation followed by borohydride reduction) were studied in the complex with the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. In both cases a conformational change affecting the 3' end was observed in a magnesium concentration range close to 1 mM. The modification of formycin fluorescence could be ascribed simultaneously to the existence of a tautomeric equilibrium of the fluorescent probe and to a pH effect raising from a prototropic effect at the active site of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, and to a partial destacking of the 3'-formycin from the adjacent C residue. The observed transconformation, which can be related to the structure modification of the anticodon loop previously reported [Ehrlich, Lefevre, and Remy (1980) Eur. J. Biochem. 103, 145-153], takes place in the magnesium concentration range allowing the transfer of the activated amino acid from the adenylate to the tRNA. The interconnection between the anticodon loop and the accepting end was further supported by the observation that wybutine excision hinders the specific structure modification of 3'-formycin upon binding to the synthetase. The tRNAPhe transconformations occurring in the complex with the cognate synthetase probably reflect a reciprocal adaptation of both macromolecules which might lead to the optimal aminoacylation velocity and thus contribute to the specificity of aminoacylation, since it was previously established that this specificity relies more strongly on the kinetics of the reaction than on a discrimination of tRNAs according to different affinities. PMID- 7026234 TI - Induction of casein synthesis by prolactin and inhibition by progesterone in the pseudopregnant rabbit treated by colchicine without any simultaneous variations of casein mRNA concentration. AB - Prolactin injected into pseudopregnant rabbits induced casein synthesis and it provoked an accumulation of casein mRNA and of ribosomal RNA. Colchicine, which has been shown to block the prolactin signal, totally prevented the accumulation of beta-casein mRNA, when injected with the hormone. However, the drug did not hamper the initiation of casein synthesis and the accumulation of ribosomal RNA. The effect of prolactin injected with colchicine on casein synthesis was totally abrogated by progesterone administered simultaneously and it was essentially unmodified by glucocorticoids. These results suggest that prolactin controls casein gene expression by supporting the accumulation of casein mRNAs and by stimulating the translation of these mRNAs, through independent mechanisms. Progesterone which is known to prevent the accumulation of casein mRNAs is also a potent inhibitor of casein mRNA translation whereas glucocorticoids exert their effect essentially by favouring the accumulation of casein mRNA but not by modifying their translation efficiency. PMID- 7026235 TI - Identification and purification of distinct isomerase and decarboxylase enzymes involved in the 4-hydroxyphenylacetate catabolic pathway of Escherichia coli. AB - The possible involvement of an isomerase in the 4-hydroxyphenylacetate meta cleavage pathway has been studied. 5-Carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate has been shown to undergo both spontaneous and enzyme-catalysed isomerisation to give 5 carboxymethyl-2-oxo-hex-3-ene-1,5-dioate, a compound with an absorbance maximum at 246 nm. The latter compound rather than the former is the substrate for a decarboxylase that produces 2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-diene,1,7-dioate. The isomerase and decarboxylase enzymes have been purified to over 90% homogeneity. Mg2+ is required for the decarboxylase reaction but not for the isomerase. PMID- 7026236 TI - The complete amino-acid sequence of the K88 antigen, a fimbrial protein from Escherichia coli. AB - The complete primary structure of the fimbrial protein of the K88 antigen has been elucidated. This protein, which makes up the building block for the macromolecular structure that comprises a fimbria, consists of 264 amino acid residues in a single polypeptide chain. The K88 antigen was fragmented by chemical cleavage with cyanogen bromide, and by subsequent enzymatic sub-cleavage of resulting fragments with trypsin and chymotrypsin, and was additionally cleaved with o-iodosobenzoic acid. Peptides were sequenced by manual Edman degradation. The carboxy-terminal part of the molecular is remarkable in being almost devoid of charged amino acid residues and is highly hydrophobic. Furthermore, this part of the structure could have a specific function as molecular anchor. PMID- 7026237 TI - Lipid-synthesis-dependent biosynthesis (or assembly) of major outer-membrane proteins of Escherichia coli. AB - Upon inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in the presence of cerulenin, the uptake of 5' AMP and of other nutrients using similar pore systems can be inhibited as much as 70%. The same effect was observed upon inhibition of phospholipid synthesis after glycerol deprivation in a mutant strain defective in sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase. Resumption of both fatty acid synthesis and phospholipid synthesis restores a normal uptake of 5' AMP. The protein composition of the outer membranes, analyzed after pulse radiolabelling by [35S]methionine, was mainly altered in OmpF and OmpC proteins. These proteins are the main porins used by most nutrients like 5' AMP. Whereas the synthesis or the assembly of OmpF protein seems to be more inhibited that that of OmpC protein after inhibition of fatty acid synthesis, the reverse case was observed after inhibition of phospholipid synthesis. No protein produced during inhibition of fatty-acid or phospholipid synthesis is reincorporated into the outer membrane after resumption of these syntheses. These results are discussed with regard to the biosynthesis and assembly of these proteins. PMID- 7026238 TI - Synergism between coenzyme and carboxylate binding to liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - 1. The interaction of decanoate and benzoate with the substrate-binding site in liver alcohol dehydrogenase has been characterized by fluorimetric equilibrium binding studies, using auramine O as a receptor ligand. 2. The affinity of the enzyme for the carboxylates examined decreases about 50-fold on complex formation with NADH. The coenzyme-competitive inhibitors ADP-ribose and Pt(CN)2(4)- have similar destabilizing effect on decanoate binding, indicating that the effect of NADH derives from its negatively charged pyrophosphate group. 3. Carboxylate binding to free enzyme requires the protonated form of an ionizing enzymic group with pKa 9.2, while there is no corresponding effect on pH on binary complex formation with auramine O. Carboxylate binding to the enzyme X NADH complex exhibits no significant dependence on pH over the pH range 7-10. 4. The results, combined with previously reported data for decanoate binding to the enzyme X NAD+ complex, provide clear evidence that carboxylates (in contrast to auramine O) are bound at the active-site zinc ion of the enzyme in a process by the ionization state of zinc-bound water. The synergistic effect of NADH and NAD+ on carboxylate binding can be qualitatively and quantitatively explained in terms of electrostatic interactions analogous to those proposed to account for the effect of coenzymes on the pKa of zinc-bound water. PMID- 7026239 TI - An NAD-linked acetoacetyl-CoA reductase from Zoogloea ramigera I-16-M. AB - An NAD-linked acetoacetyl-CoA reductase of Zoolgoea ramigera I-16-M was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. In contrast to the D(-)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA specific NADP-linked acetoacetyl-CoA reductase from the same bacterium [Saito, T. et al (1977) Arch. Microbiol. 114, 211 - 217], the purified enzyme was strictly stereospecific to L(+)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, and was active not only with NAD+ but also with NADP+, although NADP+ was less effective than NAD+ as coenzyme. The enzyme showed a pH optimum at 6.3 for the reduction of acetoacetyl-CoA and at 8.0 for the oxidation of L(+)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. In the reduction reaction, Km values for acetoacetyl-Coa and NADH were 8.8 microM and 6.5 microM, respectively, and in the oxidation reaction, Km values for L(+)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and DNA+ were 7.0 microM and 32 microM, respectively. Among various 3-hydroxyacyl-CoAs tested, L(+)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and L(+)-3-hydroxyvaleryl-CoA were the most active substrates. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis from acetyl-CoA, by a system reconstituted from purified preparations of 3-oxothiolase, acetoacetyl-CoA reductase and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) synthase, was observed when the NADP-linked but not the NAD-linked reductase was used. These findings indicate that the NAD linked acetoacetyl-CoA reductase is not directly involved in the biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). PMID- 7026240 TI - Biosynthesis of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein. Polypeptide turnover in darkness. AB - 1. When etiolated pea seedlings were exposed to continuous light for 24 h and then returned to darkness, 38% of the chlorophyll a, 74% of the chlorophyll b and 84% of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein that had accumulated under illumination proved to be unstable in darkness. The unstable chlorophyll displayed a half-life of about 90 min. In contrast, alpha and beta subunits of the chloroplast coupling factor and the large and small subunits of ribulose 1,5 biphosphate carboxylase continued to accumulate in darkness, although at a slower rate than in plants maintained under light. 2. Short-term labelling in vivo with L-[35S]methionine showed that leaves continued to synthesize the light-harvesting protein and the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase for up to 48 h after transfer of plants from light and darkness. However, after long-term labelling (16 h), the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein was found to be labelled to high specific activity only in illuminated leaves. 3. I conclude that the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein is subject to turnover after transfer of plants from light to darkness. The site of breakdown appears to be the photosynthetic membrane. I suggest that turnover of the protein is part of the normal physiological mechanism for co-ordinating the accumulation of the pigment and protein components of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex. PMID- 7026241 TI - Pyruvate carboxylase from Aspergillus nidulans. Regulatory properties. PMID- 7026242 TI - Characterization of the second prosthetic group in methanol dehydrogenase from hyphomicrobium X. AB - Procedures are described for preparing 2,7,9-tricarboxy-1H-pyrrolo [2, 3 f]quinoline-4,5-diol (pyrrolo-quinoline quinol) from 2.7,9-tricarboxy-1 H pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-4,5-dione (pyrrolo-quinoline quinone). When methanol dehydrogenase is denatured, two compounds are liberated which have the same properties as the quinone and quinol mentioned above. On analysing the extract by high-performance liquid chromatography, one molecule of the quinone and one molecule of the quinol per enzyme molecule are found. Mixtures of pyrrolo quinoline quinone and pyrrolo-quinoline quinol at high pH produce the semiquinone form and, under certain conditions, a diamagnetic complex. Since electron spin resonance (ESR) shows that methanol dehydrogenase contains the semiquinone and the absorption spectrum suggests the presence of a diamagnetic dimer, it is tentatively concluded that the two prosthetic group molecules in the enzyme interact with each other. NMR experiments of pyrrolo-quinoline quinone in 2H2O demonstrate that it is partly hydrated, most probably at the C-5 position. Although methanol adds in the same way, it is still questionable whether the product of this addition plays a role in the mechanism of the enzymic reaction. Potentiometric titrations show a midpoint potential of the quinone/quinol couple of + 90 mV at pH 7.0 and the formation of the semiquinone as an intermediate in the titration at pH 13.0. PMID- 7026243 TI - Isolation and characterization of paracrystalline arrays of the plasma membrane of baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Yeast plasma membranes were isolated from homogenized cells and analyzed by SDS PAGE. Two glycoproteins of 160 000 and 240 000 molecular weight were found, both of which exhibited invertase activity (EC 3.2.1.26). By density gradient centrifugation a heavy membrane fraction which consisted of the glycoproteins and two hydrophobic proteins was isolated. Antibody labeling of protoplasts revealed a good correlation between the distribution of binding sites of the antibodies against the heavy fraction and the distribution of the intramembranous particles. The cytoplasmic surface of the yeast plasma membrane was visualized by freeze drying and subsequent platinum/carbon shadowing of membrane vesicles adsorbed to cationized glass and squirted with a hypotonic buffer stream. In contrast to the smooth exoplasmic surface the cytoplasmic surface showed paracrystalline arrays of particles which resembled in size, number and lattice constant the intramembranous particles. Removal of the adsorbed paracrystalline arrays and subsequent SDS-PAGE revealed the same protein pattern as the heavy membrane fraction. It can therefore be concluded that the glycoproteins which show invertase activity and the two hydrophobic proteins are the major components of the paracrystalline arrays. It is proposed that the glucose level of the nutrient medium influences the appearance and disappearance of the paracrystalline arrays, which consist mainly of invertase, because synthesis of invertase is inhibited by glucose levels higher than 1%. PMID- 7026244 TI - Specific labeling of glycoproteins in yeast plasma membrane with concanavalin A. AB - The intramembranous particles of yeast Saccharomyces cereisiae plasma membrane form paracrystalline arrays or are randomly distributed as seen by freeze fracture electron microscopy. Protoplasts with randomly distributed particles and with paracrystalline arrays were isolated and subsequently labeled with 3H-Con A, Con A and ferritin-Con A. The distribution of the Con A or the ferritin-Con A molecules on deep-etched exoplasmic surfaces strongly resembled the distribution of the intramembranous particles. The influence upon labeling of buffer ionic strength was investigated. Binding assays with 3H-Con A and freeze-etch electron microscopy demonstrated that the amount of non-specifically bound lectin molecules decreases by increasing buffer ionic strength. Only partial removal of Con A molecules was achieved by adding various concentrations of the specific sugar Methyl-alpha-D-Mannoside (alpha MM) to labeled protoplasts. By means of analytical ultracentrifugation it was found that alpha MM also promotes the formation of Con A dimers. fixed protoplasts were treated with detergents and 2 chloroethanol at various concentrations and subsequently labeled with 3H-Con A or ferritin-Con A. The amount of Con A bound to extracted cells did not decrease but ultrastructural changes of the deep-etched surfaces were observed. From our data it can be concluded that only the glycoproteins are labeled with Con A and they seem to be associated with the intramembranous particles [15]. Each intramembranous particle seems to bind 36 to 44 Con A molecules and therefore the glycoproteins seem to possess very long sugar chains. This further supports the hypothesis that the intramembranous particles are associated with the membrane bound invertase. PMID- 7026245 TI - Serial electrophysiological testing of antiarrhythmic drug efficacy in patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7026246 TI - Birth and growth of the European Society of Cardiology. PMID- 7026247 TI - Multifactorial trial in the prevention of coronary heart disease: 1. Recruitment and initial findings. World Health Organization European Collaborative group. PMID- 7026248 TI - Stress thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy. Review of methodological problems and proposal for standardization. PMID- 7026249 TI - Aprindine: a review. PMID- 7026250 TI - Variable hemodynamic response to oral hydralazine in patients with refractory congestive heart failure. PMID- 7026251 TI - Tabetic lightning pains: high-dosage intravenous penicillin versus carbamazepine therapy. AB - The relief of tabetic lightning pains (LP) by carbamazepine (CBZ) was questioned as in some instances penicillin was given simultaneously. Only 1 out of 6 cases became pain-free on high-dosage intravenous penicillin, while CBZ rapidly abolished LP in those unresponsive to penicillin. Gastric crises were similarly abated by CBZ in 1 case under a placebo-controlled study. Inflammatory and degenerative changes in the posterior nerve root and ganglia may be the underlying pathologic basis that explains these two different responses to penicillin. PMID- 7026252 TI - An explanation for the reduction in bilirubin levels in congenitally jaundiced Gunn rats after transplantation of isolated hepatocytes. AB - Isolated hepatocytes prepared from Wistar rats by mechanical means were infused into the liver of congenitally jaundiced Gunn rats. Red cell survival was determined in the recipients and their total plasma bilirubin was measured just before and 20 days after transplantation. Similar measurements were made in transplanted Gunn rats receiving the immunosuppressant drug cyclophosphamide at 5 mg/kg/day and in a group of splenectomized Gun rats. Red cell survival was significantly prolonged in all transplanted rats and in the splenectomised group. Total plasma bilirubin also fell significantly in all three groups by up to 25%, a change we attribute to reduced red cell turnover, haemoglobin synthesis and hence reduced bilirubin synthesis. Blockade of the splenic reticuloendothelial system by hepatocyte debris is suggested as a possible cause. PMID- 7026253 TI - Transplantation of both kidneys of an anencephalic newborn to a 23-year-old patient. AB - Both kidneys of an anencephalic newborn were transplanted into a 23-year-old male patient. Hemodialysis was required for 3 weeks postoperatively. Both organs increased in size but did not reach the normal volume of an adult kidney. 3 years post-transplantation, the patient is doing well with a plasma creatinine level of 1.5 mg/dl. Technical problems are discussed. PMID- 7026254 TI - Double-blind comparison of the analgesic response to oral ciramadol (WY-15.705) and pentazocine in post-operative pain. AB - The efficacy and safety of oral ciramadol, a synthetic partial agonist-antagonist analgesic, in rapid control of postoperative pain was compared with oral pentazocine in a double blind study in 46 patients. Ciramadol 20 mg and 60 mg and pentazocine 50 mg had a rapid analgesic effect, peaking within one hour. Although a similar pattern of activity was observed for ciramadol 20 mg and pentazocine 50 mg, ciramadol 60 mg provided significantly better and longer lasting pain relief (P less than 0.02). Side effects included sedation and sweating, which occurred with a similar frequency in the various treatment groups. Oral ciramadol appears to be a safe and highly effective analgesic. PMID- 7026255 TI - Antihypertensive and hormonal effects of single oral doses of captopril and nifedipine in essential hypertension. AB - In a single-dose crossover study Captopril (SQ 14225), 1 mg/kg body weight, and Nifedipine (Bay a 1040) 20 mg were administered orally to 12 hospitalized patients with essential hypertension (Stage 1 or 2, W.H.O.). Both drugs significantly reduced blood pressure, but each dose acted differently: the mean maximum arterial pressure reduction was faster and greater with Nifedipine than with Captopril: -23 +/- 2% at 37 +/- 15 min and -17 +/- 1% at 86 +/- 25 min, respectively. Captopril inhibited angiotensin II and aldosterone production, but did not accelerate heart rate or stimulate vasopressin release. Nifedipine stimulated vasopressin release and increased heart rate, but the renin angiotensin aldosterone system was not significantly affected. The blood pressure reduction was related to the initial level of activation of the renin angiotensin system only for Captopril. The blood pressure reduction induced by one drug was not related to that produced by the other in the same patient. PMID- 7026256 TI - Haemodynamic profile of captopril treatment in various forms of hypertension. AB - The effects of captopril 450 mg/day for 4 weeks on blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output and extracellular fluid volume were compared in severe, often drug resistant hypertension (n = 23), mild to moderate hypertension associated with renal artery stenosis (n = 10) and mild to moderate essential hypertension (n = 20). Plasma renin in the three groups was 52 +/- 19, 58 +/- 17 and 20 +/- 4 microU/ml (mean +/- SEM), respectively. Blood pressure fell by 18 +/- 4%, 21 +/- 2% and 18 +/- 1%. The pressure drop was mainly due to a fall in peripheral vascular resistance. Addition of the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide (25-100 mg/day) caused a further fall in resistance. Despite the vasodilator effect of captopril, reflex cardiostimulation and reactive fluid retention were not observed. In severe hypertension, captopril alone was more effective in lowering blood pressure than combined diuretic-betablocker-vasodilator therapy. Moreover, cardiac output in these patients was higher and resistance was lower after captopril than during combined treatment. Thus, captopril was capable of normalising the abnormal haemodynamic state in patients with essential hypertension, and in hypertension associated with renal artery stenosis. Despite marked differences in pre-treatment plasma renin, the effects of captopril on systemic haemodynamics were similar in all the patients. PMID- 7026257 TI - Acute effects of a new vasodilator, Ro 12-4713, on blood pressure, plasma Renin activity, Aldosterone and Catecholamine levels, and renal function in hypertensive and normal subjects. PMID- 7026258 TI - Pharmacokinetics of parenteral paracetamol and its analgesic effects in post operative dental pain. AB - A double-blind, randomised, crossover trial was undertaken to compare the analgesic effects of a single dose of paracetamol (1000 mg i.v.) with placebo in the immediate post-operative period following removal of impacted lower third molars. There was no significant difference in the pain relief between paracetamol and placebo in the first hour following injection. Thereafter, there was significantly less pain (P less than 0.05) after treatment with paracetamol than after placebo. Plasma concentrations of paracetamol were measured and pharmacokinetic variables were determined. Over the four hour period of investigation there was no clear relationship between analgesia and paracetamol concentration in either central or peripheral compartments. PMID- 7026259 TI - Comparative study of the effect of azepexole and clonidine on blood pressure and pulse rate in normotensive subjects. AB - In a double-blind cross-over study in 8 normotensive subjects azepexole was found to have a pharmacological profile identical to that of clonidine, although chemically there is no structural similarity between the two compounds. Compared to placebo, oral azepexole 5 and 10 mg and clonidine 0.15 mg produced a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressures both supine and standing (tilted). The reduction was greater in the standing than in the supine position. There was a significant slowing of the pulse rate only in the supine position, whereas the reflex increase in pulse rate on tilting was enhanced after both substances. The rise in diastolic blood pressure on tilting, however, was partically blocked by azepexole 10 mg. No dose dependent change in the pulse rate was observed. The maximum fall in blood pressure and pulse rate occurred between 1.5 and 4 h after ingestion of either substance, and had not returned to placebo level after 6 h, except for the supine systolic pressure after azepexole 5 mg. Dose-dependent sedation and dryness of the mouth were observed both after azepexole and clonidine. They followed approximately the same time-course as the haemodynamic changes. Although the hypotensive effect of azepexole 10 mg was larger than that of clonidine 0.15 mg, the orthostatic side-effects were also greater. As the hypotensive effect and side-effects of azepexole 5 mg and 0.15 mg clonidine were almost the same, it seems justifiable to investigate the properties of azepexole in hypertensive patients. PMID- 7026260 TI - Sublingual and oral isoxsuprine in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. AB - Oral and sublingual isoxsuprine 20 mg were compared with placebo in double blind randomised cross over trial in 7 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Skin thermography, plethysmography of the finger tips and direct temperature measurements showed that sublingual isoxsuprine was slightly but consistently superior to the oral form and to placebo; no significant difference was observed between the latter two treatments. It is concluded that sublingual administration of isoxsuprine has advantages over their routes of administration, and that thermography is a suitable technique for qualitative, but less appropriate for quantitative, measurement of drug effects in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. PMID- 7026261 TI - Lack of adrenergic influence on renin release after furosemide in normal man. AB - The role of the sympathetic nervous system in furosemide-induced renin release was investigated in six normal subjects. After intravenous administration of furosemide, plasma renin concentrations increased more than two-fold within 15 min. Neither replacement of urinary fluid loss by intravenous infusion of saline nor pharmacological beta-blockade with d,1-propranolol changed the renin response to furosemide. The activity of the sympathetic nervous system, as estimated by measurement of plasma catecholamine concentrations, remained at the reference level after furosemide. It is concluded that the sympathetic nervous system is not involved in renin release after intravenous administration of furosemide. PMID- 7026262 TI - Reduction of menopausal hot flushes by methyldopa. A double blind crossover trial. AB - In a double-blind study, methyldopa was shown to be significantly more effective than placebo in reducing menopausal hot flushes. The median reduction in the number of hot flushes was 38% with placebo and 65% with methyldopa. The active metabolite of methyldopa, alpha-methylnoradrenaline, is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Since the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine also reduces hot flushes, while the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine produces flushes, it is speculated that menopausal hot flushes might result from a reduced stimulation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors, probably in the CNS. PMID- 7026263 TI - Antibody feedback regulation in vitro: T helper cell activation and T-B cell cooperation are not impaired by anti-carrier antibody. AB - Effects of antibody feedback regulation on T helper (Th) cell functions required in plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses were studied in vitro. Using a sensitive functional assay, it was found that serum from immunized mice did not inhibit sheep erythrocyte (SRBC)-, or keyhole limpet hemocyanin-specific Th cell activation. SRBC-"pulsed" splenic adherent cells activated Th cells more efficiently when pulsed in the presence of anti-SRBC antiserum. PFC responses against, 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP) coupled to soluble carriers were studied under conditions in which linkage between hapten and the priming carrier was either required or not. Under both conditions, anti-carrier antiserum had an enhancing or no effect; only anti-hapten antiserum or monoclonal anti-hapten antibody were inhibitory. Thus, these results did show that antibody feedback was essentially hapten-specific and did not interfere with Th cell functions, except, possibly, that anti-hapten antibody interfered with linked cooperation at the level of hapten-B cell interaction, in addition to its inhibitory effect detectable under conditions of unlinked cooperation. Since SRBC-pulsed, adherent cells were very inefficient in stimulating anti-SRBC PFC responses, the results further suggested that phagocytosed antigen could only be recognized by Th cells but not by B cells. Finally, by attempting to further study hapten-B cell interactions, no PFC responses against TNP coupled to soluble carriers could be generated by substituting for Th cells with different types of secondary mixed leukocyte culture supernatant in cultures with pure surface Ig-positive cells. Only anti-SRBC PFC responses were generated in such cultures. PMID- 7026264 TI - [New animal models for autoimmune diseases; BXSB, MRL/l, MRL/n mice]. PMID- 7026265 TI - Affinity targeting of membrane vesicles to cell surfaces. PMID- 7026266 TI - Loss of pericellular fibronectin matrix from heterokaryons of normal human fibroblasts and epithelial cells. PMID- 7026267 TI - Villin associates with specific microfilamentous structures as seen by immunofluorescence microscopy on tissue sections and cells microinjected with villin. PMID- 7026268 TI - Fluorescence-activated sorting of isolated nuclei. Heterogeneity of histone H5 immunofluorescence in chicken erythrocyte nuclei. PMID- 7026269 TI - Age-related changes in hemopoietic microenvironment. Enhanced growth of hemopoietic stroma and weakened genetic resistance of hemopoietic cells in old mice. PMID- 7026270 TI - Semisynthesis and biological properties of the [B24-leucine]-, [B25-leucine[- and [B24-leucine, B25-leucine]-analogues of human insulin. AB - Trypsin-catalyzed coupling of porcine desoctapeptide-insulin with synthetic octapeptides produced the [LeuB24]- (I), [LeuB25]- (II) and [LeuB24, LeuB25]- (III)analogues of human insulin. I, II and III displayed respectively 20--30%, 1- 2% and 0.5% of the receptor binding activity of the normal hormone. Biological activities of these analogues seemed to be proportional to their binding potencies when assayed in vitro, while in an in vivo assay analogue I was fully active and II exhibited 10--20% of normal activity. III was less active than II in all assays tested. PMID- 7026271 TI - Flow microcalorimetric bioassay of polyene antibiotics: interaction with growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Microcalorimetric investigation of the interaction of polyene antibiotics with mid-exponential cells of a growing culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as the basis of a bioassay procedure. The assay is rapid, sensitive and reproducible. The results are compared to classical assays and potency ranking orders. PMID- 7026272 TI - High magnesium content of Escherichia coli B. AB - We have found that the intracellular concentration of magnesium in exponentially growing Escherichia coli B is much higher than has been previously assumed; it is about 100 mM. Results of equilibrium dialysis suggest that nearly all of this Mg is bound, probably most of it to nucleic acids. These findings could have important consequences for the study of protein-DNA interactions and the in vitro simulation of protein biosynthesis. PMID- 7026273 TI - Effects on prostaglandins F2 alpha, I2, and indomethacin on isolated coronary arteries from healthy and alloxan-diabetic dogs. PMID- 7026274 TI - Studies on plasminogen activator and other proteases in subcultured human vascular cells. PMID- 7026275 TI - J.L. Moreno: An unrecognized pioneer of family therapy. AB - J.L. Moreno's fundamental and pioneering contributions to be development of group therapy, encounter, transactional analysis, and especially psychodrama are well known. However, most family therapists seem unacquainted with the fact that from his earliest writings in 1923 J.L. Moreno developed an interactional view of psychotherapy that in 1973 already resulted in formulations of a true systems orientation and very concrete ideas about marital therapy, family therapy, and network therapy. He probably is the first (1937!) therapist that actually involved a husband's lover in conjoint marital therapy. His general theoretical formulations about the pathology of interpersonal relations as well as his practical suggestions for the therapy of the interpersonal relations seem to be insufficiently known to workers and researchers in the field of family therapy. PMID- 7026276 TI - ["Partner control" method of twin studies in evaluating the hemodynamic effects of nonachlazine]. PMID- 7026277 TI - [Laser nephelometry technic in clinical pharmacology]. PMID- 7026278 TI - [Effect of immunodepressive therapy with azathioprine and prednisolone on the individual serum protein content in chronic kidney failure patients after a kidney allograft]. AB - The immunodepressants azathioprine and prednisolone given to patients after kidney transplantation decreased the concentration of IgG, IgA, and IgM. Azathioprine and prednisolone did not affect the content of C3c and C4 components of complement in patients after kidney transplantation. Prednisolone coupled with azathioprine reduced the toxic action of the latter and raised the concentration of alpha 1-glycoprotein, alpha 2-macroglobin, transferrin, haptoglobin which are responsible for nonspecific defence factors. PMID- 7026279 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of 4-hydroxycoumarin derivative anticoagulants (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7026280 TI - [Current problems of age-related pharmacology (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7026281 TI - [Steroid hormones and the regulation of mitochondrial function (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7026282 TI - lac Repressor headpiece constitutes a reversibly unfolding domain. PMID- 7026283 TI - 8-Azidoadenine: a photoaffinity label for the purine transport system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7026284 TI - Amino acid sequence of horse spleen apoferritin. PMID- 7026285 TI - Photo-modification studies of the contacts of the 5'-terminus of growing RNA with the subunits of RNA-polymerase. PMID- 7026286 TI - Localization of the elongation factor G on Escherichia coli ribosome. PMID- 7026287 TI - Synthesis of an unnatural P-N bond catalyzed with Escherichia coli ribosomes. PMID- 7026288 TI - Physical characteristics of 23 S rRNA from the 50 S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7026289 TI - The effect upon aminoacylation of bisulphite addition to 2-methylthio-N6 isopentenyl adenosine of Escherichia coli phenylalanine tRNA. PMID- 7026290 TI - Study of the secondary and tertiary structure of ribosomal protein S7 from Escherichia coli in solution. PMID- 7026291 TI - 31P NMR studies of the interaction of ATP with RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7026292 TI - The binding of Escherichia coli endotoxin to isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7026293 TI - Effects and subcellular distribution of magnesium in smooth and striated muscle. AB - Mg specifically increases the binding of neurohypophyseal peptides to smooth muscle membranes, and has some less well-defined effects on beta-adrenergic and other drug-induced responses of smooth muscle. The requirement of smooth muscle actomyosin for Mg is not significantly higher than that of the striated muscle proteins: maximal Ca activation can be obtained at about 1 mM [Mg2+]. This is comparable to the estimated free Mg2+ concentration in smooth muscle. The total Mg content of smooth muscle is approximately 30-35 mmol/kg dry cell wt, and approximately 50% of this can be removed in Mg-free solution. Mg concentration in mitochondria and in nuclei of rabbit portal anterior mesenteric vein smooth muscle is not significantly different from the cytoplasmic concentration. Mitochondria isolated from vascular smooth muscle have a highly active, energy dependent Mg transport system. Mitochondria isolated from atherosclerotic bovine arteries contain increased concentrations of Mg and Ca. In the terminal cisternae of frog striated muscle tetanized for 12 s the Mg content is increased by 26 meq/kg dry wt, suggesting that there is an increase in the permeability of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane to (or transport of) Mg during tetanus. At this time, 126 meq Ca/kg dry terminal cisternae has been released, and there is a concomitant increase of 46 meq/kg dry wt K. The amount of Ca released during 1.2 s tetanus is sufficient to increase the total (not free) Ca concentration in the fiber by approximately 1 mM; during the slow time course of the tetanus, most of this Ca is expected to exchange for the equivalent amount of Mg bound in resting frog muscle to the Ca/Mg sites on troponin and parvalbumin. PMID- 7026294 TI - Clinical and hormonal studies in hyperthecosis of the ovaries. AB - Endocrine studies were performed in five women with ovarian hyperthecosis. Measurement of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione (A), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), progesterone (P), estradiol (E2), and estrone (E1) in the peripheral and ovarian vein serum obtained simultaneously at the time of surgery indicated that the hyperthecotic ovaries secreted large amounts of potent androgens T and DHT. There was a less marked increase in A secretion. Peripheral P and 17-OHP levels were elevated, with a significant peripheral ovarian gradient. E1 comes entirely from peripheral conversion, while at least a portion of E2 comes from direct secretion from the ovaries. Circulating FSH and LH levels were low or normal. The gonadotropin response to LH RH was in the normal range. No patient ovulated with Clomid treatment. The hirsutism did not improve with ovarian suppression with birth control pills, possibly because of the absence of tonic elevation of LH. The hypothalamic pituitary physiology in hyperthecosis is different from that in polycystic ovarian disease. PMID- 7026296 TI - [Physical factors in the retention of an upper complete denture]. PMID- 7026295 TI - Uterine leiomyomata: etiology, symptomatology, and management. PMID- 7026297 TI - [Functional impression, using individual trays, for the restoration of partially edentulous jaws]. PMID- 7026298 TI - [Construction of partial removable dentures for patients with acrylate allergy and fungus diseases]. PMID- 7026299 TI - [Prof. Dezso Hattyasy 80 years old]. PMID- 7026300 TI - [Descriptive evaluation of the Perci-Line attachment device]. PMID- 7026301 TI - [Survey of edentulousness and dental restoration in the 50-57 year age group among workers of the Obuda Shipyard. I. Attendance to the dental clinic, registration of missing teeth, prosthodontic index]. PMID- 7026302 TI - [Measurements of the dental arch in complete dentures]. PMID- 7026303 TI - [Prosthetic management of bucco-facial apraxia]. PMID- 7026304 TI - [Measurement of edentulous jaws in dolicho- and brachycephalic subjects]. PMID- 7026305 TI - [50th anniversary of the Academician K. M. Bykov Department of Visceral System Physiology of the Institute of Experimental Medicine of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences]. PMID- 7026306 TI - [Changes in glucose metabolism and the Langerhans islet in the remnant pancreas after major pancreatectomy, with special reference to D cells in the islet in Sandmeyer's diabetes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026307 TI - [Response of plasma catecholamine and PRA to i.v. injection of glucagon in upright posture after furosemide injection in essential hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - To investigate the pathogenic role of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system in essential hypertension, we evaluated plasma catecholamine and PRA levels after glucagon stimulation and during one hour in upright posture after i.v. injection of furosemide. In nine normal and high renin essential hypertensive (NHRH) subjects, i.v. injection of 1000 micrograms of glucagon caused rapid and significant increases in plasma epinephrine(E) concentration. Both the 5 min. level after glucagon injection (314 +/- 30 pg/ml, mean +/- S.E., p less than 0.05) and peak value (358 +/- 87 pg/ml, p less than 0.05) were significantly higher than the basal level(170 +/- 25 pg/ml). Plasma norepinephrine(NE) concentration of the peak value(1065 +/- 231 pg/ml) was significantly higher than the basal(357 +/- 50 pg/ml, p less than 0.02). PRA levels increased in 4 out of 9 patients. In seven patients with low renin essential hypertension(LRH), there was an impaired PRA response to glucagon, E also failed to increase at any time after glucagon injection, but peak value of NE(1212 +/- 274 pg/ml) was significantly higher than the basal level(391 +/- 77 pg/ml, p less than 0.01). NE level of NHRH during one hour in upright posture after i.v. injection of 40 mg of furosemide were higher than LRH. Particularly at 10 min. level, the NE level of NHRH(895 +/- 115 pg/ml) was significantly higher than LRH(523 +/- 91 pg/ml, p less than 0.05). These results suggest that the sympathetic-adrenomedullary function in LRH is diminished, and the renin secreting ability of JG cells is also diminished in LRH. The glucagon stimulation test is useful to assess renin secreting ability of JG cells. PMID- 7026309 TI - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history (16) Health hygiene statistics]. PMID- 7026308 TI - [Enzyme immunoassay of TSH in dried blood, its application to mass-screening of primary hypothyroidism (author's transl)]. AB - Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) has been developed. A principle of the assay was the competitive method and used a double antibody solid phase technique. TSH-horse radish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate and TSH-beta-D-galactosidase (beta-Gal) conjugate were used, and a fluorometry was introduced for measuring the activity of the enzyme. The substrates for determining the enzyme activities were 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactoside for beta-Gal, and 3-p(hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid for HRP. A polyacetal bead coated with a purified double antibody was used for the separation of Bound and Free. With the assay methods, TSH in two of 3mm discs of dried blood on filter paper was measurable. The whole process was completed within 24 hours. TSH standards containing 0.05 microU/tube showed 80 approximately 90% of B/Bo, and the containing 0.25 microU/tube showed about 50% of B/Bo. As a routine method for mass screening of primary congenital hypothyroidism, the EIA method using TSH beta-Gal was adopted. A variation resulting from day to day experiments was 4.7 approximately 9.4% at B/Bo during a seven day trial. From April of 1980, 12357 samples of newborn blood on filter paper were measured, and a distribution of the value of TSH in dried blood was almost the same as that obtained by RIA. Three cases of cogenital hypothyroidism were detected, and about 0.15% of the total samples showed a TSH concentration higher than 20 microU/ml of whole blood. All the samples were determined by RIA too, and the TSH values obtained from the EIA method were compared to that obtained from the RIA method. The correlation of both EIA and RIA methods was analyzed. Although there were slight discrepancies between EIA and RIA, the samples having high TSH values with the RIA method were all detected by the EIA method. Therefore, the EIA method will be usable as a tool for the mass-screening for the detection of primary congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 7026310 TI - [Simplified method for making the 3 unit bridge (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026311 TI - [For successful prosthodontic treatment--a consideration from clinical experience (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026312 TI - Dental casting alloys. Part 4: the difference between strain and stress. PMID- 7026313 TI - The integration of conservative and prosthetic treatment. PMID- 7026314 TI - Pathological and therapeutic implications of the cellular and humoral responses to parathyrin. PMID- 7026315 TI - Stimulation of sperm fertility in vitro by exogenous molecules. PMID- 7026316 TI - [Treatment of the anovulatory cycle: personal experience in 406 clinical cases]. PMID- 7026318 TI - Evidence for participation of sperm proteinases in fertilization of the solitary ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi: effects of protease inhibitors. PMID- 7026319 TI - Development of the flagellar rootlet during Naegleria flagellate differentiation. PMID- 7026317 TI - Menstrual regulation with prostaglandin analogues. AB - The development of generally applicable, simple non-surgical methods for menstrual regulation has been desired for a long time. Such an approach to fertility control depends on the availability of a suitable therapeutic agent that should be effective, reliable, simple to administer and free from disturbing side effects. The classical prostaglandins have shown the capability but are unsuitable mainly due to high incidence of side effects. Most of these drawbacks seem to be overcome when prostaglandin analogues are used; however, vaginal administration caused appreciable pain in 10-30% of women, and so severely limits self-administration of these analogues. PMID- 7026320 TI - Cell surface and cytoskeletal elements: cavitation in the mouse preimplantation embryo. PMID- 7026321 TI - The alpha-glucosidases of Dictyostelium discoideum. I. Identification and characterization. PMID- 7026322 TI - Immunofluorescent localization of PGK-1 and PGK-2 isozymes within specific cells of the mouse testis. PMID- 7026323 TI - Anti-tubulin immunofluorescence microscopy of microtubules present during the pronuclear movement of sea urchin fertilization. PMID- 7026324 TI - Studies on leukocyte migration inhibitory factor production by T lymphocytes in viral hepatitis. AB - The response of peripheral blood T lymphocytes to concanavalin A (Con A) assessed by the production of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LMIF), was studied in patients with acute viral hepatitis type B and in patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis carrying hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Lymphocytes from patients in the acute period of the disease and in severely active chronic aggressive hepatitis showed the ability to respond by LMIF production while lymphocytes from patients with moderately active chronic aggressive hepatitis were unable to do so. In parallel, it was shown that lymphocytes from the latter group of patients were capable of suppressing Con-A induced LMIF production. Thus, mitogen-induced mediator production may be a useful parameter in the further characterization of chronic viral hepatitis. PMID- 7026325 TI - Moving the hospital; planning the manpower. PMID- 7026326 TI - Diabetes in adolescence. PMID- 7026327 TI - Effect of strict blood glucose control on residual B-cell function in insulin dependent diabetics. AB - In 14 insulin dependent diabetics past their initial remission period B-cell function was evaluated using a test meal before and after 1 week of strict blood glucose control, and again 3 weeks later when the patients were outpatients on conventional therapy. Eight patients with fasting C-peptide above 0.07 nmol/l improved their B-cell function significantly (p Less Than 0.05) during the period of strict blood glucose control. However, the improvement was of short duration and was absent 3 weeks later in most patients. Six patients with fasting C peptide below or equal to 0.07 nmol/l had no significant improvement in B-cell function during the period of strict control. The study shows that B-cell function and degree of blood glucose control are related in patients with fasting C-peptide above 0.07 nmol/l, and that B-cell function can change within days. PMID- 7026328 TI - Effects of calcium and calcitonin on circulating levels of glucagon and glucose in diabetes mellitus. AB - The effects of Ca2+ and calcitonin infusions on circulating glucagon, glucose, C peptide, Ca2+, and calcitonin were investigated in hyper-glucagonaemic insulin dependent diabetics. In 14 insulin-deprived diabetics and 12 healthy volunteers 2h infusions of saline (0.154 mol/1), Ca2+ (0.375 mmol/kg body weight), and calcitonin (4.5 IU/kg body weight) were performed. There were no significant changes during saline infusion. In the diabetics, Ca2+ infusions induced a rise of plasma Ca2+ up to 3.2 +/- 0.1 mmol/1 and a fall of circulating glucagon (-26.4 +/- 5.7%; p less than 0.001) and glucose (-23.3 +/- 3.6%; p less than 0.05). Plasma calcitonin rose to twice basal values (p less than 0.025). During calcitonin infusions plasma Ca2+ decreased slightly to 2.1 +/- 0.2 mmol/1; a fall was found in both glucose (-24.4 +/- 4.0%; p less than 0.05) and circulating glucagon (-22.5 +/- 4.3%; p less than 0.001). Two groups of 6 healthy volunteers were subjected to saline and Ca2+, or to Ca2+ and calcitonin infusions. Both Ca2+ and calcitonin infusions induced a fall of serum insulin (-30.1 +/- 6.6%; p less than 0.05). Calcitonin depressed circulating glucagon by -18.6 +/- 4.4% (p less than 0.025), whereas during Ca2+ infusions glucagon decreased only by -6.5 +/- 1.9% (p greater than 0.1). We conclude from our results that an increase of circulating calcitonin induced by Ca2+ infusions or by exogenous calcitonin administration appears to depress elevated circulating glucagon and glucose in insulin-dependent diabetics. PMID- 7026329 TI - Effects on rat fetuses of intrauterine injections of insulin. AB - The effects on rat fetuses of a single intrauterine injection of long-acting insulin with respect to length, body and organ weights, total lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, neutral fat, total nitrogen and water content were investigated. At the age of 498 hours the fetuses were injected in utero with 2 IU of long-acting insulin or a control solution. Twenty-four hours after the injections the insulin-treated fetuses weighed about 10 per cent more than the control fetuses, 5.32 +/- 0.05 g (75 fetuses) and 4.85 +/- 0.05 (73 fetuses) respectively (p less than 0.001). The body lengths were 54.1 +/- 0.2 mm and 52.9 +/- 0.2 mm respectively (p less than 0.001). The insulin-treated fetuses had higher organ weights and higher content of total lipids, phospholipids and neutral fat. The amount of total lipids was higher in insulin-treated fetuses even after taking into account differences in body weight, suggesting that the insulin-treated fetuses were obese. The finding of significantly lower water content in insulin-treated fetuses at equal body weight is consistent with the higher fat content. There was no increase in total nitrogen or length in the fetuses in the insulin-treated group compared to control fetuses at equal body weight indicating that the administered insulin mobilized maternal proteins and that protein, as well as length, increased proportionately to overweight. For quantitative analysis of morphological and biochemical variables dependent upon body weight, as in this investigation, multivariate analysis is indispensable. PMID- 7026330 TI - Evidence for a placento-insular axis in the rat fetus. AB - Rat pups delivered by caesarian section one day before term, either remained attached to (experimental group) or were separated from their placenta (control group). Both groups were transferred into an incubator and their metabolic parameters studied. In the control group, plasma amino acid concentration fell from 11.2 to 6.9 mmol/1, plasma insulin fell from 151 to 45 mu U/ml and blood glucose fell from 3.5 to 2.6 mmol/1 during the first hour of extrauterine life. In the breathing feto-placental units, plasma amino acid concentration remained at its birth level, plasma insulin remained high (109 mu U/ml) causing rapid hypoglycaemia (1.63 mmol/1). An immediately postnatal glucagon and corticosterone surge was visible only in the experimental group. A partially purified placental extract (molecular weight 6000 to 30000) stimulated insulin secretion in vivo (fasted adult rats) and in vitro (isolated neonatal islets). It is concluded that the placenta maintains fetal hyperinsulinaemia by creating fetal hyperaminoacidaemia and, possibly, by secreting a beta cytotropic factor. PMID- 7026331 TI - Adrenergic mechanisms in the hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia of diabetic KK mice. AB - Simultaneous occurrence of hyperglycaemia (up to 300 mg/100 ml) and hyperinsulinaemia (up to 1200 mu U/ml) was evident in the fed state in genetically diabetic KK mice, indicating insulin resistance. The hyperinsulinaemia was enhanced by alpha-adrenergic blockade and alleviated by B blockade. Epinephrine-induced hyperglycaemia and isoproterenol-induced hyperinsulinaemia, both of which could be blocked by beta-adrenergic antagonists, were more marked in KK mice than in ICR mice. A possible significance of adrenergic mechanisms is discussed with respect to the aetiology of the metabolic disturbances characteristic of KK mice. PMID- 7026332 TI - Abnormal plasma glucose and insulin responses in heterozygous lean (ob/+) mice. AB - To investigate the effect of the ob gene in the heterozygous condition, plasma glucose and insulin responses of adult heterozygous lean (ob/+) mice were compared with mice of the homozygous lean (+/+) and homozygous obese (ob/ob) genotypes. The ob/+ mice consumed 24% more food than +/+ mice although body weights were similar. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were respectively 16% and 176% higher in ob/+ mice than +/+ mice in the freely fed state, and 44% and 88% higher during glucose tolerance tests. In 24 hour fasted ob/+ mice, plasma glucose concentrations were 23% higher than +/+ mice but plasma insulin concentrations were not significantly different. Arginine produced a greater insulin response (172%) and a greater fall in glycaemia (200%) in ob/+ mice. A significant difference in the hypoglycaemic effect of insulin in ob/+ and +/+ mice was not observed. These results demonstrate an effect of the ob gene on glucose homeostasis in heterozygous lean (ob/+) mice. The abnormalities were qualitatively similar but considerably less severe than those in ob/ob mice, suggesting that ob/+ mice might prove useful to study factors predisposing to inappropriate hyperglycaemia. PMID- 7026333 TI - Failure of indomethacin to affect arginine-induced C-peptide and glucagon release in insulin-treated diabetics. Major role of residual B cell function in conditioning the magnitude of the blood glucose rise after intravenous arginine. AB - Fourteen insulin-treated diabetics were submitted to an arginine infusion test performed with either 11.7 or 5.85 mg kg-1 min-1 arginine monohydrochloride infused during 40 min with or without previous oral administration of a low (75 + 50 mg) or a high (75 mg + 3 mg/kg) dose of indomethacin. Blood glucose, plasma non-esterified fatty acids, insulin, C-peptide and glucagon were determined at regular intervals before, during and after the arginine infusion. These parameters were totally unaffected by the two doses of indomethacin both in the basal state and during the arginine infusions at the two loads tested. Eight subjects had a basal C-peptide level above 0.07 pmol/ml and a mean (+/- SEM) maximal rise of 0.21 +/- 0.04 pmol/ml during the arginine infusion, whereas the remaining six patients had virtually zero values throughout the tests. The arginine-induced plasma glucagon rise was similar for the two rates of arginine infusion; the sum of the increments in plasma glucagon averaged 877 +/- 120 and 647 +/- 92 pg/ml (p greater than 0.1) for the high and low rates of arginine infusion, respectively. The magnitude of the blood glucose rise appeared independent of the amount of arginine infused. Confirming previous reports, we found that the blood glucose rise after arginine was three to four times higher in subjects without C-peptide than in subjects with C-peptide. The mean glucagon response did not differ significantly between subjects with or without C-peptide. Thus, residual B cell function determines the magnitude of the blood glucose rise but not the glucagon response after intravenous arginine. PMID- 7026334 TI - Comparison of two twice-daily insulin regimens: ultralente/soluble and soluble/isophane. AB - The relative efficacy of two twice-daily insulin regimens using highly purified insulins, once daily Ultratard with twice daily Actrapid (ultralente/soluble) and twice daily Actrapid with twice daily Retard (soluble/isophane), has been studied in 12 diabetics in a cross-over study. Control was optimised as an out-patient, and assessed by in-patient 24 hour profiles. Similar day-time glucose control was achieved, but the mean overnight plasma glucose concentrations were more steady on ultralente/soluble (0100, 0300, 0500, 0700, 0800 h values 5.6, 5.3, 5.8, 7.8, 10.4 mmol/l) than on soluble/isophane (4.3, 3.4, 5.2, 7.5, 12.2 mmol/l). The minimum overnight plasma glucose concentrations were lower (p less than 0.05) on soluble/isophane (mean 2.8 mmol/l) than on ultralente/soluble (mean 4.8 mmol/l), associated with higher (p less than 0.05) nocturnal free plasma insulin levels after the evening soluble/isophane injection. The plasma glucose rise between 0700 and 0800 h was greater (p less than 0.05) on soluble/isophane than on ultralente/soluble. The morning insulin injection should probably be taken immediately on rising, to prevent the pre-breakfast plasma glucose rise. The ultralente/soluble combination gave similar day-time plasma glucose control to soluble/isophane with less nocturnal hypoglycaemia. PMID- 7026335 TI - Effect of exercise-training on the metabolic manifestations of streptozotocin induced diabetes in the rat. AB - Streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency of a moderate degree was produced in exercise-trained and sedentary young rats, and determinations made of subsequent changes in plasma glucose, triglyceride, and insulin concentrations. Exercise training attenuated the rise in both plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations associated with insulin deficiency. Plasma insulin levels were, if anything, lower in exercise-trained rats. Thus, the beneficial effects of exercise-training on plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations could not be due to the preservation of endogenous insulin secretion, and appear to be secondary to enhanced insulin sensitivity. PMID- 7026336 TI - [Acute effects of oral acebutolol on exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina pectoris (author's transl)]. AB - Twelve patients affected by stable effort angina were included in a double blind, cross-over study of Acebutolol and Placebo; Acebutolol was orally administered in a dose of 200 mg. Each treatment was preceded by a basal exercise test and, after 120 min a second test was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the drug. Acebutolol produced a significant improvement of angina threshold (p less than 0.005); the amount of exercise necessary to induce 0.1 mV ST segment depression was significantly increased by Acebutolol (p less than 0.005). There was a significant reduction in the heart rate (HR) and in double product (DP) both at rest and at the maximal work performed; no significant change in the systolic blood pressure was observed. At the same level of work Acebutolol produced a significant reduction in the ST segment depression (p less than 0.05). However, when ST segment was evaluated at the same level of HR and DP, no difference was found between the drug and the placebo. It was concluded that Acebutolol induces a significant increase in exercise tolerance. PMID- 7026337 TI - [Precordial mapping of the QRS complex and Frank's orthogonal ECG in evaluation of the myocardial infarct area. Comparison of the 2 methods]. AB - Precordial mapping of QRS complex is a reliable tool in attempts to quantitate infarct size in patients with acute myocardial infarction. However the recording of multiple precordial leads is an expansive and time-consuming process; the purpose of this study is to investigate the usefulness of Frank's ECG as a substitutive method of infarct sizing. In a group of patients with acute myocardial infarction of the anterior wall many repeated precordial mappings with simultaneous recording of x, y, z leads of Frank's ecg were obtained (71 observations as a whole). Parameters provided by precordial mapping [delta R, delta Q, delta R + delta Q, delta R/delta (Q + S)] and by Frank's ecg (spatial vector voltage deviation of QRS or VSDV-QRS; spatial vector area deviation of QRS or VSDA-QRS; spatial vector R wave deviation or VSDR) were correlated each other by means of linear regression analysis. delta R + delta Q correlated significantly with VSDA QRS (r = 0.54; p less than 0.001) and with VSDR (r = 0.55; p less than 0.001) as regards the total of observations. The correlation coefficient was higher (r = 0.8; p less than 0.001) if comparison between delta R + delta Q and VSDA-QRS was restricted to early 48 hours from the beginning of the symptoms. This could be explained by the greater entity of QRS complex changes in this period, compared to the subsequent course. We conclude that Frank's ecg is an useful alternative method to precordial mapping in sizing the extension of myocardial necrosis. PMID- 7026338 TI - [Early hemodynamic changes after mitral valve replacement with the Hancock prosthesis]. AB - In mitral valve replacement for mitral stenosis the persistence of a depressed cardiac performance immediately after operation has been outlined by several authors. The choice of a porcine central flow prosthesis, that has several theoretical advantages, should allow better acute hemodynamic results. Therefore ten patients have been studied by thermodilution methods and the variations in their hemodynamic parameters has been evaluated with a paired T-Test. Results confirm the persistence of a depressed cardiac function throughout the time span of the study (36 hours). This behaviour could be related to the use of Kirsch solution for myocardial protection. Therefore the authors compare a similar group of nine patients that underwent mitral valve replacement with differently designed prosthesis and the use of a St Thomas analogue cardioplegic solution. They conclude for the persistence, in the acute postoperative period, of an intrinsic myocardial dysfunction. PMID- 7026339 TI - [Influence of rehabilitation on the natural history of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7026340 TI - Aortic arch interruption. PMID- 7026341 TI - Effects of proteolytic enzymes on vitamin B12 uptake by rat intestinal mucosa homogenates and of proteolytic enzymes and anti-rat intrinsic factor antibodies on vitamin B12 absorption in total gastrectomized rats. AB - Trypsin inhibited 57CoB12-rat IF uptake by rat small intestinal mucosa homogenates in vitro. This tryptic inhibition was inactivated by rat serum and normal human serum, as well as soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI). The effects of trypsin dissolved in distilled water or 0.0025 N HCl, 0.15 M saline extract of rat pancreas and STI on vitamin B12 absorption were studied in vivo, using gastrectomized rats. IF-mediated B12 absorption was significantly decreased by 5 mg of trypsin dissolved either in distilled water or 0.0025 N HCl. However, the inhibition of trypsin was much more remarkable when it was dissolved in 0.0025 N HCl, whereas B12 absorption was insignificantly decreased by administering 10 mg of trypsin dissolved in 0.0025 N HCl. The possibilities of this phenomenon was discussed. The inhibitory effect of 0.5 ml of 0.15 M saline extract of rat pancreas was investigated as well. Soybean trypsin inhibition showed no effect on B12 absorption when it was given with 57CoB12-rat IF at the same time. However, the B12 absorption was significantly increased when STI was given one hour prior to the administration of 57CoB12-rat IF. This suggested that endogenous trypsin bound to rat small intestine had been inactivated and pancreatic secretion had been stimulated by STI. IF-mediated B12 absorption was diminished to almost the same level of 57CoB12 administration alone by simultaneous intubation of both 57CoB12-rat IF and rabbit anti-rat IF serum in total gastrectomized rats. PMID- 7026342 TI - The possible involvement of Kupffer cell-mediated hepatocytotoxicity in the pathogenesis of liver injuries. AB - The possible involvement of cell-mediated immune response to liver specific lipoprotein (LSP) in the pathogenesis of liver injury was investigated. The subjects were consisted of one patient with acute hepatitis, five cases with chronic active hepatitis and one case with chronic failure inactive hepatitis. When peripheral blood lymphocytes from these patients were cultured in the presence of LSP and lymphocyte transformation was determined by measuring the uptake of [3H]-thymidine into the acid-insoluble materials, positive blastogenesis was seen in three cases with chronic active hepatitis. Furthermore, when peripheral blood lymphocytes from halothane-induced cholestatic hepatitis were cultured with offending drug in the presence of LSP and lymphocyte transformation was determined, a positive blastogenesis was seen. The factor which activated Kupffer cells (KCAF), a kind of lymphokine, was also detectable in the culture medium of activated lymphocytes from four patients who showed positive blastogenesis by estimating [3H]-glucosamine incorporation into Kupffer cells. The macrophage activating factor (MAF) was detectable in culture medium of activated lymphocytes from three patients who showed positive blastogenesis by estimating [3H]-glucosamine incorporation into macrophages. Furthermore, the KCAF activated Kupffer cells and MAF-activated macrophages were shown to be cytotoxic for the isolated liver cells causing marked inhibition of albumin synthesis. The observations suggest that Kupffer cell-mediated cytotoxicity and macrophage mediated cytotoxicity play a role in the pathogenesis of liver disease. PMID- 7026343 TI - Aspects of the natural history of gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis and the effect of prednisone. AB - The natural history of gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis has been studied using prospectively collected data of 532 patients included in a randomized clinical trial with a regular follow-up of up to 12 yr. Of the total 199 patients who experienced gastrointestinal bleeding, 95 (48%) bled from esophageal or gastric varices, 67 (34%) bled from peptic ulcer or gastritis, and 37 (18%) had either insufficient evidence of the source (33) or mixed sources (4). In the total group of patients the cumulative percentage of patients in whom varices had been demonstrated of patients in whom varices had been demonstrated by radiography increased from 12 to 90 in 10 yr, while that of bleeding from varices increased from 7 to 40. In 104 patients who bled for the first time during the trial period (trial bleeding patients) the median number of bleeding episodes was one (range 1-8). In these patients the fatality from bleeding from varices was 82%. The risk of rebleeding from varices was 81%, and 4 yr after the first bleeding the cumulative survival had decreased to less than 10%. Rebleeding was significantly less frequent and survival significantly higher in patients bleeding from sources other than varices. Prednisone reduced the occurrence rate of varices, bleeding from varices, and death from bleeding varices in nonalcoholic females without ascites, 40% of whom fulfilled the histologic criteria of chronic active hepatitis. Prednisone significantly increased the occurrence rate of varices inpatient with ascites and of bleeding from varices in alcoholic patients. Prednisone significantly increased the occurrence rate of peptic ulcer in males and in patients without chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 7026345 TI - Monoclonal B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Abnormalities in the B lymphocyte population may be relevant to certain altered in vitro immune responses in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Using a cytofluorometric detection system, we looked for lymphocytes having homogeneous amounts of surface immunoglobulin of only one light-chain class. We studied the peripheral blood lymphocytes from 20 patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Lymphocytes from 12 of 20 patients (60%) with inflammatory bowel disease expressed abnormal light-chain distributions regardless of disease activity, type of disease, or steroid therapy. None of the 15 age-matched normal controls or 12 patients with other intestinal inflammatory conditions showed abnormal light chain distributions (p greater than 0.01). The data indicate that there are increased numbers of monoclonal lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of some patients with inflammatory bowel disease. One explanation to account for these findings is the possible presence of an abnormality of immune regulation that permits proliferation of such clones. PMID- 7026344 TI - Predictors of duodenal ulcer healing and relapse. AB - Predictors of duodenal ulcer healing and relapse were examined in a population known to have a high healing incidence. Two double-blind prospective studies were performed in 134 patients over 4 wk and in 66 patients over 1 yr, respectively. Short-term treatment consisted either of cimetidine 1 g/day, pirenzepine 75 mg/day, or placebo. In a multiple stepwise linear regression analysis the following factors proved to increase healing incidence in decreasing order of importance: female sex, moderate alcohol consumption, abstinence from smoking, young age, and cimetidine treatment. The following factors had no influence on duodenal ulcer healing: number and total area of peptic lesions, concomitant disease, relatives with duodenal ulcer, duration of duodenal ulcer disease, and status as a migrant worker. In the long-term study, treatment consisted either of cimetidine 400 mg at bedtime, pirenzepine 30 mg at bedtime, or placebo. Cimetidine prevented ulcer relapse. Smoking favored duodenal ulcer relapse in the placebo group, but not in the cimetidine and pirenzepine group. For all the other factors no statistically significant effect was found. It is concluded that in a population with high spontaneous healing incidence (a) factors other than drug treatment such as sex, alcohol intake, smoking, and age are at least as important predictors of the outcome of short-term treatment as the drug treatment itself; (b) moderate alcohol intake might favor ulcer healing; (c) the unfavorable effect of smoking on ulcer relapse is overcome by low-dose, long-term, antisecretory treatment. PMID- 7026346 TI - Ascitic pseudocyst obstructing superior vena cava as a complication of a peritoneo-venous shunt. AB - A pseudocystic mass obstructing the superior vena cava is described as a complication of a LeVeen peritoneo-venous shunt. This unusual complication is thought to result from a foreign body reaction to the tubing in conjunction with the low flow though the tubing. PMID- 7026347 TI - Gastrointestinal manifestations of cystic fibrosis: a review. PMID- 7026349 TI - Adenosine may regulate the vascular supply and thus the growth and spread of neoplastic tissues: a proposal. PMID- 7026350 TI - The antidysrhythmic and cardiovascular effects of the aminosteroid, ORG 6001. PMID- 7026348 TI - The clonidine withdrawal syndrome. Its reproduction and evaluation in laboratory animal models. PMID- 7026351 TI - Oral absorption of drugs by the alloxan-diabetic rat. PMID- 7026352 TI - Further investigation into the source of pancreatic endocrine cell types. PMID- 7026354 TI - The induction of atresia in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) by ovine LH. PMID- 7026353 TI - Localization of motilin-containing cells in the intestinal tract of mammals: a further comparison using region-specific motilin antisera. PMID- 7026355 TI - Immunocytochemical identification of the prolactin- and growth hormone-secreting cells in the teleost pituitary with antisera to tilapia prolactin and growth hormone. PMID- 7026356 TI - Bombesin(like)-containing cells in bullfrog gastric mucosa: immunoelectronmicroscopic characterization. PMID- 7026357 TI - Effects of ecdysone on the metamorphosis and ecdysis prevention induced by precocene II in Rhodnius prolixus. PMID- 7026358 TI - Cytochromogenic factor: a newly discovered neuroendocrine agent stimulating mitochondrial cytochrome synthesis in the insect fat body. PMID- 7026359 TI - The response of the pituitary gland to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in broody bantams. PMID- 7026360 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of pancreatic endocrine cells in frog embryos and young larvae. PMID- 7026361 TI - A sensitive and easy bioassay for teleost gonadotropin depending on the ovarian free cholesterol depletion in vitro. PMID- 7026363 TI - Cerebral malaria: a diagnostic dilemma. A case report. PMID- 7026362 TI - Insulin binding and glucose oxidation in edible dormouse (Glis glis) adipose tissue: seasonal variations. PMID- 7026364 TI - Emergency ward management of the borderline patient. PMID- 7026365 TI - Survival and transfer in the human gut of poorly mobilizable (pBR322) and of transferable plasmids from the same carrier E. coli. PMID- 7026366 TI - [Current hygiene problems of the Don Basin (on the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Gorky Donetsk Medical Institute)]. PMID- 7026367 TI - [Sanitation and hygiene in Aztec society (on the history of sanitation and hygiene in Mexico)]. PMID- 7026368 TI - [Extractive and photometric determination of cadmium in air and blood]. PMID- 7026369 TI - [Sanitary toxicology of phthalates polluting water]. PMID- 7026370 TI - [Significance of enzymatic disorganization and membrane labilization of intracellular structures in the manifestation of the biological effects of chemical environmental factors]. PMID- 7026371 TI - [Contribution of the Erisman Moscow Institute of Hygiene to industrial hygiene (on the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Institute)]. PMID- 7026372 TI - [Calculation of alterations in the Wy gene in murine somatic cells as a method of assessing the genetic effect in toxicological research]. PMID- 7026373 TI - [Results of a clinical trial of polyvinoxide in silicosis]. PMID- 7026374 TI - [In memoriam: Dr. Marian Zbigniew Kwoczynski]. PMID- 7026375 TI - [Renin activity and plasma aldosterone levels in ulnar and uterine veins and in cord blood in normal pregnancy and pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 7026376 TI - [Prolactin in pregnancy, labor and puerperium]. PMID- 7026377 TI - [Evaluation of Oestro-Feminal in post-castration syndrome in women]. PMID- 7026378 TI - [Anti-sperm antibodies as a cause of sterility]. PMID- 7026380 TI - Metacarpal reconstruction in compound contaminated injuries of the hand. AB - The use of an external distraction fixation apparatus in severe compound contaminated injuries of the hand with avulsed segments of metacarpals is described. The method has the advantages of stabilizing bony fragments, maintaining hand length and allowing early access for dressing until reconstruction with a bone graft can be undertaken. PMID- 7026379 TI - Barium examination of the small intestine. PMID- 7026381 TI - Telescoping suture. PMID- 7026382 TI - Athol Ross Parkes, M.B., Ch.B.Ed., F.R.C.S.Ed, F.R.F.P.S. 1908-1981. PMID- 7026383 TI - [Effect of drugs on regulatory enzymes in metabolic pathways]. PMID- 7026384 TI - [Effect of drugs and poisons on the synthesis and activity of microsomal enzymes participating in their metabolism]. PMID- 7026385 TI - [Changes in serum enzyme activity in acute barbiturate and psychotropic drug poisoning]. PMID- 7026386 TI - [Ecotoxins and enzymes]. PMID- 7026388 TI - [Effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on the activity of the lymphocyte acid hydrolases in rats]. PMID- 7026387 TI - [Effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on the activity of neutrophil and serum acid hydrolases in rats]. PMID- 7026389 TI - [Effect of sodium salt of S(4-ethylphenylcarbonylmethylene)-thiosulfuric acid on the erythrocyte metabolism]. PMID- 7026390 TI - [Properties of glucosephosphate dehydrogenase in heavy metal and acetylphenylhydrazine poisoning]. PMID- 7026391 TI - [Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by various ecotoxins]. PMID- 7026392 TI - Intracellular location of NR1-plasmid DNA in Escherichia coli minicells. AB - Intracellular location of plasmid NRI (M = 58 Mg/mol, stringent control of replication 1-2 copies per Escherichia coli chromosomal equivalent) was compared with that of plasmid R6D delta 1 (M = 21 Mg/mol, relaxed control of replication, 10-15 copies per E. coli chromosomal equivalent), both in E. coli minicells. Considerable difference in relative distribution of molecules of these two plasmid DNA's between the cytoplasm and the membrane fraction was found when components of the corresponding minicell lysates were fractionated by sedimentation in a double-linear gradient of caesium chloride and sucrose. Also the differences in relative numbers of NRI DNA and R6K delta 1 DNA molecules stably associated with the membrane of minicells, determined by electron microscopic examination of the fractions containing plasmid DNA-membrane complexes, was evaluated as statistically significant. The association of NRI DNA molecules with E. coli minicell membrane was found to be a much more frequent event than such association of R6K delta 1 molecules. The absolute amount of plasmid DNA associated with membrane in a single minicell corresponds to one molecule for both NRI and R6K delta 1. PMID- 7026394 TI - Fatty acid composition of oil synthesized by Aspergillus nidulans. AB - The filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans Eidam strain 300 was found to be capable of synthesizing 24.9% oil or remarkably low free fatty acidity, in a chemically defined medium with 34% glucose as sole carbon source. although the total content of oil synthesized was less, utilization of the carbon source is better as shown by the high (8.4) fat coefficient. The major component fatty acids of the oil were palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic and are influenced by the source of carbon. Palmitoleic acid is present in traces, confirming thereby the general observation that high oil formers produce oil of low hexadecenoic acid content. The relatively high stearic acid content of the oil distinguishes it from those of other microorganisms and resembles the oil produced by certain tropical plants, such as Madhuca latifolia. PMID- 7026393 TI - Mitochondrial translation products of yeast mutants resistant to mucidin. PMID- 7026395 TI - Antimicrobial effects of sugar osazones. PMID- 7026398 TI - Dose-response functions in carcinogenesis and the Weibull model. PMID- 7026396 TI - Effects of amoxapine, a new antidepressant, on pseudoneurotic schizophrenia. AB - During a four-week open study, amoxapine (AX), a new antidepressant agent, was administered to seven patients with pseudoneurotic schizophrenia, seven with neurosis and another seven with schizophrenia, all having similar symptoms. The improvement ratio was 71.4% in the pseudoneurotic schizophrenia group, 57.1% in the neurosis group and 42.8% in the schizophrenia group. Through the application of rating instruments, improvements were observed in the pseudoneurotic schizophrenia group in such items as psychotic and psychoneurotic symptoms in the assessment through the Springfield Outpatient Symptom and Adjustment Index, somatic concern and blunted affect through the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and depression and depersonalization through the Clinical Rating Scale. On the other hand, overall improvements were less seen in the items of the neurosis group and the schizophrenia group. Effective doses of AX were 30 to 75 mg/day in the three groups. Side effects were observed in four cases which included insomnia, tachycardia, palpitation and hypomanic state. There were no cases in which AX was discontinued because of the side effects as these symptoms were slight. AX is remarkable and characteristically efficacious in the pseudoneurotic schizophrenia, and this effectiveness is presumed due to its antidepressant and antipsychotic actions. PMID- 7026397 TI - The diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid levels in meningitis. AB - To assess the reliability of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate levels in children for differentiating between bacterial and viral meningitis, we measured the CSF lactate levels using the carboxylic acid analyzer, enzymatic method and colorimetric determination. Lactate determination by these methods is a highly reliable indicator of the presence or absence of bacterial meningitis. Moreover, the duration of elevated CSF lactate levels coincided with the clinical response to therapy. PMID- 7026399 TI - [Influenza vaccination. The importance of antigen amount and adjuvant with reference to the humoral antibody formation after influenza vaccination. A comparative double-blind study with various vaccines]. PMID- 7026400 TI - Hepatitis B viral markers in severe viral hepatitis: influence of steroid therapy. AB - In our double-blind randomized trial of methylprednisolone vs. placebo in severe viral hepatitis, 16 patients with hepatitis B (8 on steroid, 8 on placebo) were followed for at least 4 weeks. Four of the eight patients receiving methylprednisolone eventually died and all patients on placebo survived. Despite marked reduction in serum IgG in steroid-treated patients, the decline in HBsAg titer and disappearance of Dane particle markers was the same in both treatment groups. A nonspecific depression of anti-HBc was noted in patients given steroid. There is no evidence that corticosteroid therapy accelerates viral replication when the acute hepatitis is severe. PMID- 7026401 TI - Distal splenorenal shunt vs. portal-systemic shunt: current status of a controlled trial. AB - A prospective controlled comparison of portal-systemic (PSS) and distal splenorenal shunts (DSRS) in cirrhotic patients who had survived hemorrhage from esophagogastric varices was undertaken 5 yr ago at five hospitals by the Boston New Haven Collaborative Liver Group. The clinical and endoscopic criteria for massive hemorrhage were satisfied in 155 patients. Thirty-four patients were excluded, primarily because of uncontrolled hemorrhage. Thirty-four were rejected because the were poor operative risks and 21 because they did not satisfy criteria. Thirteen patients refused to participate; the remaining 53 were randomized; 29 to receive PSS and 24, DSRS. The two groups were similar in clinical, laboratory, and manometric characteristics. The DSRS group was older and tended to have had more previous hemorrhages. Followup ranged from 1 to 56 months (mean 21). After PSS, which was performed by 10 different surgeons, 6 patients died during the hospital admission (21%) compared to 2 after DSRS (12%). There were 6 late deaths in the PSS group and 4 in the DSRS group. Portal systemic encephalopathy occurred in 5 of the 23 survivors of PSS (23%), and in 6 of the 19 who survived DSRS (32%. Two patients in the PSS group bled (9%), 1 after thrombosis and 1 after stenosis of the shunt. Three patients in the DSRS group bled (16%) and all had thrombosis of the shunt. PSS was associated with an unexplained but inordinately high operative mortality. Although the DSRS was accomplished with an acceptably low operative mortality, it was associated with frequent portal-systemic encephalopathy, shunt occlusion, and recurrent hemorrhage. Similar incidences of portal-systemic encephalopathy, shunt occlusion, and recurrent hemorrhage were observed in the PSS group. More patients and longer followup are necessary to determine which of these portal decompressive procedures is superior. PMID- 7026402 TI - Modulation of the transport of bilirubin and asialoorosomucoid during liver regeneration. AB - The normal rat hepatocyte divides approximately once per year but, following two thirds hepatectomy, rapid cellular replication occurs throughout the remaining liver remnant. Using a multiple indicator dilution technique, single-pass transport of 3H-bilirubin and 125I-asialoorosomucoid was studied in isolated perfused liver from 6 hr to 6 d after two thirds hepatectomy or sham surgery. Influx (k1), efflux (k2), and sequestration (k3) rates were quantitated by computer analysis. k1 for 3H-bilirubin fell by over 50% within 6 hr after two thirds hepatectomy and returned to normal 4 d later. k2 progressively decreased with a nadir at 2 d, and returned to normal by 4 d. k3 was transiently depressed, and became normal within 2 d. Although hepatic uptake of asialoglycoproteins has been thought to be irreversible, the experimental data required k2 and k3 parameters for best fit. Similar to results for 3H-bilirubin, the k1 of 125I asialoorosomucoid was 20% of normal at 1 d after two thirds hepatectomy, and returned to normal by 6 d. Unlike results for 3H-bilirubin, there was a prolonged 50% reduction of k2 and k3 with return to normal by 6 d. The transport changes during regeneration are independent of reduced liver mass or changes in hepatic spaces of distribution. The fact that influx of both compounds reaches a nadir at the time of greatest cellular proliferation with subsequent return to normal suggests a "maturation" of liver cell function for restoration of these specific hepatocyte functions. Modulation of the hepatocyte receptor for desialylated glycoproteins may also be required for cellular recognition as a prerequisite for proliferative responses. PMID- 7026403 TI - A low molecular weight binding protein for organic anions (Z protein) from human hepatic cytosol: purification and quantitation. AB - Human Z protein from liver was purified to homogeneity. The protein has a molecular weight of 11,000 an an isoelectric point of pH 5.8. Circular dichroism spectra of Z protein-bilirubin (unconjugated and diglucuronide) complexes revealed two ellipticity extrema, a negative peak at 460 nm, and a positive peak at 410 nm. Human serum albumin had a higher affinity for bilirubin than did Z protein. Fluorescence studies showed the approximate association constants of this protein and bilirubin, bromosulfophthalein, and indocyanine green were 10(6) M-1, 10(5) M-1, and 10(6) M-1, respectively. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that Z protein was localized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, proximal tubular epithelium, and epithelial cells of the small intestine. Radioimmunoassay studies were done to assess the amount of Z protein in controls and in various liver diseases. The highest concentrations of Z protein were found in the liver, kidney, heart muscle, and small intestine, in that order. In cases of acute and chronic hepatitis, hepatic Z protein concentrations were generally decreased, whereas serum Z protein concentrations were increased. In contrast, both serum and hepatic Z protein concentrations were decreased in cases of constitutional hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 7026404 TI - Muscle protein breakdown in liver cirrhosis and the role of altered carbohydrate metabolism. AB - The rates of muscle protein breakdown, as estimated by the urinary excretion of 3 methylhistidine, were assessed in 30 cirrhotics and 15 controls on a strictly controlled diet. 3-Methylhistidine excretion was increased in cirrhotics irrespective of the etiology of the disease, and correlated with basal glucagon levels and with the insulin/glucagon ratio. In nine cirrhotics and nine age- and sex-matched controls, similar correlations were found between 3-methylhistidine and the areas under 24-hr glucagon or insulin/glucagon curves. A larger amount of 3-methylhistidine was excreted during the nighttime than during the daytime, when glucagon secretion was suppressed and the insulin/glucagon ratio was increased. It is concluded that muscle protein catabolism is increased in cirrhotics, possibly as a result of hyperglucagonemia or the reduced insulin/glucagon ratio. These data agree with the clinical observation of a progressive reduction in lean body mass which becomes evident in an advanced stage of the disease. PMID- 7026405 TI - The pathology of mesangial IgA nephritis with clinical correlation. AB - Of 710 patients in whom renal biopsies with immunofluorescence, light and electron microscopic and clinical data were available, 239 had idiopathic mesangial IgA nephritis. In these 239 cases IgA was found alone in 45.7%, accompanied by IgG in 50.1%, IgM in 21.4%, C3 in 82.4% and fibrin in 37.2%. Serum immunoglobulin levels including IgA were not significantly raised and complement C3 activation was via the alternative pathway. There was a wide range of glomerular lesions with minor change, minor change with focal and segmental lesions including sclerosis and mesangial cell hypercellularity, diffuse mesangial cell proliferation and, infrequently, diffuse sclerosing glomerulonephritis. The glomerular leions were related to the stage, duration and severity of the disease. There was also a wide variability of clinical presentations, with asymptomatic and symptomatic microscopic haematuria proteinuria, macroscopic haematuria, recurrent proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, acute nephritis, hypertension, and uncommonly as acute renal failure and potassium losing nephritis. No aetiological agent was found, and both the streptococcus and HBsAg could not be identified. The disease(s) was the commonest type of primary glomerulonephritis (33.7%) in Singapore, another geographic area in addition to Japan and France, where this lesion has an apparent high incidence. PMID- 7026406 TI - Histological study of the bone marrow in chronic granulocytic leukaemia in blast transformation. II. Bone marrow fibre content before and after autografting. AB - A serial study of the extent of bone marrow (BM) fibrosis was carried out in 14 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) in blast transformation (BT) who received intensive treatment followed by autografts to restore marrow haemopoiesis. Some degree of marrow fibrosis (MF) was identified in 13 of the 14 patients when blast transformation was diagnosed. A transient increase in the amount of marrow fibrosis was observed in most cases immediately following intensive chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy alone but this had regressed by 4-6 weeks when chronic phase haemopoiesis was established in the marrow. The presence of marrow fibrosis when blast transformation was diagnosed did not appear to impair the effectiveness of the autograft. PMID- 7026407 TI - Emergency psychiatry: an update. PMID- 7026408 TI - The National Plan for the Chronically Mentally Ill: a review of financing proposals. AB - In this, a companion piece to the preceding article, the author summarizes and examines the financing issues and recommendations set forth in the National Plan for the Chronically Mentally Ill. The major federal programs that provide assistance to chronic patients are described briefly. Sixteen proposed incremental reforms designed to fill gaps in the existing service system are listed and discussed; nine involve changes in the Medicaid program. The author also considers the options to go beyond incremental changes toward the establishment of a comprehensive program focused specifically on the needs of the chronically mentally ill. He discusses the advantages and drawbacks of three methods of organizing financing of mental health services that are described in the National Plan--a structured services program, a benefit-voucher program, and a cash transfer program. PMID- 7026409 TI - Monoclonal antibodies and human disease. PMID- 7026410 TI - Toxoplasma gondii infection of the central nervous system. Use of the peroxidase antiperoxidase method to demonstrate toxoplasma in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections. AB - The peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical technique was employed to stain formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections from three cases of encephalitis caused by Toxoplasma gondii. We studied two cases of congenital infection and one case of acquired toxoplasmosis occurring in an immunocompromised host. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was exquisitely sensitive and highly specific and stained both the encysted and tachyzoite forms of the organism, as well as allowing for easy identification of infected cells. In two cases of necrotizing encephalitis--one congenital, the other acquired- widespread dissemination of the Toxoplasma organism throughout the neural parenchyma was visualized using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase stain. Brain biopsy material that had been obtained eight days prior to death in the case of adult acquired toxoplasmosis did not contain any of the characteristic tissue cysts and was not diagnostic for toxoplasmosis by conventional staining techniques. However, peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining of tissue sections from this biopsy unequivocally demonstrated both free tachyzoites and multiple infected cells. Further application of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method should increase our understanding of the pathology and pathogenesis of toxoplasmic encephalitis as well as allowing timely diagnosis in cases presenting with neurologic symptomatology. PMID- 7026411 TI - Systemic amyloidosis involving two renal transplants. AB - Two patients with primary amyloidosis, each of whom had received a renal transplant for chronic renal failure, developed amyloid in their allografts. In one patient amyloid was present primarily in glomeruli and to a lesser extent in the interstitial tissue. This patient developed renal failure necessitating retransplantation. In the second patient amyloid was seen in the interstitium and interlobular blood vessels. Minimal amyloid was present in the glomeruli. This patient died of cardiac amyloidosis with good graft function at the time of death. Of the several patients recorded in the literature with amyloid in renal allografts, our first patient is the only one to exhibit glomerular amyloid and failure of the graft. Amyloid in areas other than the glomerulus does not appear to be incompatible with satisfactory graft function. PMID- 7026412 TI - Angiolipomas: an ultrastructural and clinicopathological study. AB - The clinicopathologic features of 50 noninfiltrating angiolipomas are presented, with a detailed ultrastructural study of five cases and immunoflourescence study of one case. The clinical presentation, including age, location, and associated symptoms, is discussed. Pertinent light microscopic findings, including features helpful in diagnosing borderline lesions, are described. The first ultrastructural and immunofluorescence study of this entity is presented. Among various ultrastructural findings, there appear to be decreased numbers of Weibel Palade bodies in the endothelial cells of all angiolipomas studied. The relationship of Weibel-Palade bodies to the functional state of the cell and their possible procoagulative effect are discussed. Immunofluorescence and ultrastructural studies further suggest that endothelial disruption and endothelial fibrinogen contribute to the fibrin thrombus formation typically found in angiolipomas. PMID- 7026413 TI - Comparative demonstration of pulmonary fat emboli by "en bloc" osmium tetroxide and oil red O methods. AB - The presence and localization of fat in human lung tissue was evaluated by the "en bloc" staining procedure with osmium tetroxide performed with formalin fixed tissue with subsequent paraffin sectioning and with the oil red O technique performed with frozen sections. Fifty-one autopsy cases were divided into three clinical groups: group A, consisting of 17 patients with severe skeletal trauma; group B, consisting of 14 patients with minor skeletal trauma; and group C, consisting of 20 control patients without trauma. Adjacent sections of lung were selected from all cases, stained with the "en bloc" osmium tetroxide and oil red O methods, coded, and examined under the light microscope without knowledge of the clinical grouping, Stainable fat was graded on a 1 to 4+ scale, and attention was given to histologic localization in tissue sections. The "en bloc" osmium tetroxide technique revealed greater amounts of stainable lipid in clinical groups A and B and was most effective in demonstrating lipid when present in small quantities (group B). Since the method permits the employment of paraffin sections, evaluation of fine histologic detail is an advantage that is not always obtained in frozen sections. It is concluded that the "en bloc" osmium tetroxide technique is superior to the oil red O technique in terms of visualization and histologic localization of minute amounts of lipid in lung tissue. PMID- 7026414 TI - Genetic aspects of H-Y antigen. AB - While it remains to be clarified what detection of H-Y antigen by current methods means, the existence of a factor governing testicular differentiation of the indifferent gonadal anlage seems to be well established. There are various kinds of evidence that H-Y antigen as a biologically meaningful factor has a complex genetical basis. There is the contribution of the Y chromosome which, independent of the number of other chromosomes, especially of X chromosomes, leads to a male phenotype. The X chromosome must be involved also because structural aberrations of its distal short arm influence the expression of the H-Y structural gene. Due to examples of autosomal inheritance of various forms of sex reversal, an autosomal gene is assumed to be involved as well. Arguments are presented favoring the assumption that the structural H-Y gene is autosomal, while genes on the X and Y chromosomes have a controlling function. This genetic control mechanism for H-Y antigen seems to have evolved secondary to placentation in mammals. In non-mammalian vertebrates, H-Y antigen is controlled by other factors, e.g. steroid hormones. While the functional role of H-Y antigen in directing differentiation of the heterogametic gonad appears to have been preserved during evolution, the mechanism of its control has changed. This latter mechanism is only poorly understood. PMID- 7026415 TI - Immunoprecipitation of human H-Y antigen. PMID- 7026416 TI - H-Y and serendipity. PMID- 7026418 TI - Sex determination and phenotype in wood lemmings with XXY and related karyotypic anomalies. PMID- 7026419 TI - In-vivo phagocytosis: enhancement of bacterial clearance by native and enzyme treated immunoglobulins. AB - The enhancement of bacterial blood clearance in mice by native and enzymatically derived fractions of rabbit anti-E. coli hyperimmune serum was tested. Native immune serum, the corresponding IgG, F(ab')2 and Facb fractions strongly augmented the phagocytosis rate of bacteria, whereas Fab/Fc, Fab, Fc fragments, corresponding preparations from normal serum, and E. coli-absorbed preparations showed no marked enhancing capacity. In one experiment opsonization by IgM was demonstrable. Mice that were injected with fatal doses of bacteria could be protected by subsequent treatment with IgG or F(ab')2 preparations of rabbit anti E. coli serum. Conclusion is drawn that the Fc region of the IgG molecule is not predominantly responsible for opsonized clearance while the intact divalent antigen cross-linking F(ab')2 fragment - presumably by virtue of complement activation via the alternate pathway - could mediate enhanced bacterial clearance. PMID- 7026417 TI - The H-Y antigen and its role in natural transplantation. AB - A concise overview of the transplantation biology of the H-Y antigen is presented with particular reference to: its prototypic behavior as a weak transplantation antigen; the facility with which mice of certain inbred strains can be rendered tolerant of H-Y incompatible skin grafts; its capacity to instigate graft-versus host reactions; its significance in clinical transplantation; and finally, H-2 control of anti-H-Y immune responses. The role of the H-Y antigen in natural transplantation, i.e. pregnancy, is then reviewed. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that in certain cases maternal immune responses directed specifically to the H-Y antigen can exert selective pressures on male zygotes, producing deviant sex ratios in certain experimental and clinical situations. PMID- 7026420 TI - Modulation by adherent cells and irradiation of in vitro LIF production by Con-A stimulated mononuclear cells. AB - LIF activity production by ConA-stimulated mononuclear cells was tested by measuring granulocyte migration from clotted plasma droplets placed in Microtest II plates. 90 min. incubation of MNC cultures with ConA assured a significant LIF activity in the 24 h. culture supernatants. Removal of the adherent cells after ConA pulse exposure improved (p less than 0.05) LIF production. Enrichment with adherent cells of MNC cultures before ConA stimulation decreased LIF release. Irradiation (600 rad) of ConA stimulated MNC cultures, however, abrogated both phenomena induced by either removal or enrichment of the adherent cells. Indomethacin, when added during ConA pulse exposure to adherent cell rich MNC cultures, also increased LIF activity production. Both, PGE1 and supernatants of ConA-pulsed monocyte rich cultures had similar LIF impairing effects but the suppressive activity was abolished either by supernatants dialysis or by irradiation of stimulated MNC cultures. PMID- 7026421 TI - Skin pathology following epicutaneous exposure to seven organic solvents. AB - 1,1,1,-Trichloroethane, benzene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dibromoethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane were applied to the skin of guinea-pigs for histopathological studies. Biopsies taken at different times of exposure showed the presence of karyopyknosis for all solvents tested; 1,1,1-trichloroethane, benzene, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene showed karyolysis; 1,1,1-trichloroethane, benzene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and dichloroethane induced spongiosis. All solvents, except 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, produced junctional separation. Pseudoeosinophilic infiltration occurred for all solvents, except for 1,2 dichloroethane. The results are discussed in terms of occupational hazards and in relation to parallel studies on blood uptake and systemic toxicity at epicutaneous administration. PMID- 7026422 TI - The injection of DNA potentiates the induction of anti-DNA antibody by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 7026423 TI - X-linked recessive inheritance of a defective responsiveness to T-cell-replacing factor in DBA/2Ha mice. AB - TRF responsivity of B-cells from an F1 hybrid of the low-responder strain DBA/2Ha (female) and the high-responder strain BALB/c (male), or their reciprocal F1 hybrid (BALB/c (female) X DBA/2Ha (male)), was analyzed. In every case the B cells from all of the male mice of the (DBA/2Ha X BALB/c) (DC)F1 hybrid were incapable of responding to TRF, whereas B-cells from female mice of the same litter responded to TRF. In contrast, B-cells from both male and female (BALB/c X DBA/2Ha) (CD)F1 mice were able tp respond to TRF, strongly suggesting that the responsivity of B-cells to TRF is controlled by the X-chromosome of the high response animals. To substantiate further the evidence for a X-linked B-cell defect in DBA/2Ha mice, we analyzed TRF responsivity of B-cells from back-cross (DCF1 (female) X DBA/2Ha (male)) progeny and from F2 (DCF1 X DCF1) progeny, respectively. In both crosses we observed segregation of TRF responsivity into high-responder and low-responder groups in a nearly 1:1 ratio. These findings further indicated that a major component involved in the regulation of TRF responsivity is carried on the X-chromosome. This component is defective in DBA/2Ha mice, the defect being inherited in a recessive manner. PMID- 7026424 TI - Detection of platelet antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Comparative studies with the indirect immunofluorescence assay. AB - A newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of platelet antibodies was compared with the platelet immunofluorescence test (PIF). A good correlation was found between both assays. However, ELISA seems to be more sensitive than PIF. Some sera reacted only in ELISA whereas no sera were found that were negative in ELISA and positive in PIF. When comparing the antibody titres, ELISA is at least 8 times more sensitive than PIF. PMID- 7026425 TI - Binding of the apo and holo forms of the serum vitamin D-binding protein to human lymphocyte cytoplasm and membrane by indirect immunofluorescence. AB - The indirect immunofluorescence method is used to study the binding of the serum vitamin D carrier protein (DBP) to lymphocytes. It is shown that in vitro this serum protein will bind to the lymphocyte cytoplasm and intact membrane. This result is in agreement with recent evidence of an actin-binding protein present in the serum. Besides, a difference in the binding to the lymphocyte membrane is observed between the holo forms of the DBP with the different vitamin D derivatives. These findings could be relevant in illuminating the possible role of the DBP in the cellular metabolism of the active metabolites of vitamin D and in the cellular mobility. PMID- 7026426 TI - Drug resistance in leprosy. PMID- 7026427 TI - Biochemical identification of the Qa-1 alloantigen. PMID- 7026428 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against two separate alloantigenic sites of HLA-B40. AB - Two monoclonal antibodies (MB40.2 and MB40.3) which are highly specific for HLA B40 and HLA-B7 were made. They appear to be directed against two separate alloantigenic sites of these HLA molecules. Semiquantitative analysis of the kinetics of antibody binding show that MB40.2 recognizes a site which shows a degree of cross-reactivity with B7 and is specific to some B40 molecules. This antibody also distinguishes between different molecules types as B40. In contrast, MB40.3 recognizes an antigenic determinant which is less variable between B7 and B40 and more closely approximates a public antigen or common antigenic site. This study suggests that the introduction of monoclonal antibodies into MHC serology not only permits but demands a quantitative analysis of these complex systems of homologous but highly polymorphic molecules. PMID- 7026429 TI - Comparative evaluation of indirect haemagglutination and immunofluorescence tests in serodiagnosis of giardiasis. PMID- 7026430 TI - Continuous in vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum: replacement of human serum by calf serum and proteose peptone. PMID- 7026432 TI - Rodent and bovine filarial antigens in detection of antibodies in human bancroftian filariasis by ELISA. PMID- 7026431 TI - Blood schizontocidal activity of antibiotics against Plasmodium berghei sensitive as well as resistant to chloroquine, pyrimethamine and primaquine. PMID- 7026433 TI - Assay of E and EAC rosette forming peripheral lymphocytes in human bancroftian filariasis. PMID- 7026434 TI - Enterotoxicity of heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains on HeLa cell line monolayer tissue culture system. PMID- 7026435 TI - Directory of on-going research in cancer epidemiology. 1981. PMID- 7026436 TI - Preservation of cornea in honey. PMID- 7026437 TI - A comparative evaluation of cyclocryotherapy, cyclodiathermy and cycloanemization in glaucoma. PMID- 7026438 TI - Dr. Raghunandan V. Sanzgiri. PMID- 7026439 TI - Shigellosis in infants and children. PMID- 7026440 TI - Neonatal malaria. PMID- 7026441 TI - Acute diarrhea in infants and children: a bacteriological study. PMID- 7026442 TI - Subunit number and arrangement in Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. AB - The Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) was found to have the same subunit structure as cholera toxin, namely, one A subunit and five B subunits. Reaction with a bisimidate generated all the possible cross-linked derivatives of A5B: B,2B ... 5B and A, AB ... A5B. The isolated B component, coligenoid, contained five B subunits and showed some tendency of polymerize: with a bisimidate it became covalently connected into the set B ... 5B with lesser amounts of 6B ... 10B, etc. The subunit formulas of two independently prepared samples of LT were both proved to be A5B by cross-linking, but their B pentamers migrated at different rates on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, indicating that they have different conformations. The faster (R) form could be converted to a diffuse slower (C) form by incubating it at 50 degrees C or at 37 degrees C with 0.2 M galactose, which is the terminal sugar of ganglioside GM1, the natural receptor for LT. Cholera toxin resembled the R form more than the C form of LT. PMID- 7026443 TI - Participation of immunoglobulins and complement components in the intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by human granulocytes. AB - Immunoglobulins and complement components are required for optimal ingestion and optimal killing of microorganisms by granulocytes. The degree of opsonization of microorganisms necessary for their ingestion was lower than that required for the killing of these bacteria during the ingestion phase. Killing during this phase was found to depend mainly on the presence of heat-labile opsonins, probably C3b, present on the microorganisms. Extracellular immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C3b were indispensable for optimal intracellular killing after ingestion was complete. This was established with an assay permitting assessment of the course of the number of viable intracellular bacteria independent of the ingestion of new live bacteria. Maximal intracellular killing by human granulocytes of ingested catalase-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) or catalase negative (Streptococcus pyogenes and S. pneumoniae) microorganisms was found only when fresh serum was present extracellularly. Killing was suboptimal in the absence of serum. With heat-inactivated serum, the killing index lay between the indices obtained in the presence and absence of fresh serum. The stimulatory activity of heat-inactivated serum was most probably due to the interaction of IgG with the Fc receptor on the granulocyte membrane, since IgG subclasses IgG1 and IgG3 as well as pFc fragments of IgG stimulated the intracellular killing to the same degree as heat-inactivated serum did. In addition, (Fab1)2 fragments of IgG did not stimulate killing, and reduced killing was observed in the presence of heat-inactivated serum after reduction of the number of Fc receptors. The extra stimulation of the killing process in the presence of fresh serum compared with heat-inactivated serum was due to the interaction between membrane receptors and complement--most probably C3b generated by both the classical and the alternative pathways of complement activation. This conclusion is based on results obtained with sera in which one or both complement pathways were blocked, on the restoration of the killing-stimulatory activity of C3-deficient serum after addition of fresh C3, and on the reduced killing observed in the presence of fresh serum after reduction of the number of C3 receptors by the use of pronase or antigranulocyte serum. PMID- 7026444 TI - Medium for the accumulation of extracellular hemolysin and protease by Aeromonas hydrophila. AB - A medium for the accumulation of extracellular hemolysin (300 to 1,600 hemolytic units per ml) and protease (2 to 3 proteolytic units per ml) was developed for an anaerogenic strain of Aeromonas hydrophila. In this medium, growth yields were less but levels of accumulated toxin were greater or equivalent when compared with the same responses in brain heart infusion and nutrient broths. The medium was considered to be partially defined since the conditions for maximum observed hemolysin accumulation (1,600 hemolysin units per ml) were not identified. The results showed that iron and zinc contributed to the control of the extracellular accumulation of both toxins. Whereas iron exerted an inhibitory effect, zinc stimulated the accumulation of both toxins. PMID- 7026445 TI - Parasite-derived mitogenic activity for human T cells in Plasmodium falciparum continuous cultures. AB - Supernatants from Plasmodium falciparum continuous cultures exhibited mitogenic activity against human blood lymphocytes from unsensitized donors. This effect, which was not observed with supernatants from control cultures grown in the absence of the parasites, was dependent upon (i) the concentration of supernatant added to the lymphocyte cultures and (ii) the parasite concentration in the P. falciparum continuous cultures. T cells were the predominant target cells of this mitogenic activity. We observed similar response in lymphocytes from malaria sensitized individuals to P. falciparum continuous culture material. We also detected a mitogenic activity in parasite-infected erythrocytes from P. falciparum continuous cultures. P. falciparum continuous cultures may provide practical quantities of parasite-derived substances which, presumably, are able to manipulate the immune effector mechanisms of an infected host. PMID- 7026446 TI - Humoral immunity and reduced periodontal bone loss in Eikenella corrodens monoassociated rats. AB - Germfree Sprague-Dawley rats monoassociated with Eikenella corrodens exhibited alveolar bone loss. This progressive bone loss occurred over a period of weeks, during which time the hosts developed an immune response toward the infective microorganism. By means of repeated bacterial vaccination resulting in elevated serum antibody titers, reduced bone loss was observed. PMID- 7026447 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of type A streptococcal exotoxin: kinetics and regulation during growth of Streptococcus pyogenes. AB - We describe the detection and quantitation of type A streptococcal exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin, streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This sensitive and specific technique detected microgram amounts of type A exotoxin and was useful for studying the kinetics and regulation of type A exotoxin production during the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes NY5. Maximum production of type A exotoxin was observed during the mid log phase of growth, similar to the production of other streptococcal extracellular products. When S. pyogenes NY5 was grown at 42 degrees C, decreases in both growth and type A exotoxin production were observed. The results obtained when we studied the influence of nutrient additives and metal ions on the production of type A exotoxin led to the conclusion that none of these factors significantly affected type A exotoxin synthesis and that regulation was constitutive. PMID- 7026448 TI - Purification, characterization, and partial covalent structure of Escherichia coli adhesive antigen K99. AB - The adhesive antigen K99 of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains of calf origin was isolated and purified. The K99 fimbriae were removed from the cells by heat treatment, concentrated by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, and purified by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-4B and treatment with deoxycholate. The purified K99 antigen was composed of protein subunits with a molecular weight of 18,500 and had an isoelectric point of 9.5. The N-terminal amino acid sequence, as well as the composition of the C-terminal part of the K99 protein subunits, was determined. PMID- 7026449 TI - Characterization of rabbit corneal damage produced by Serratia keratitis and by a serratia protease. AB - The structural alterations elicited in the rabbit corneal stroma by experimental Serratia marcescens keratitis and by a highly purified serratia protease preparation were compared by gross observation, biochemical analyses, and electron microscopic examination of the affected tissue. Acute inflammation, liquefactive necrosis of the cornea, and descemetocele formation occurred during the development of the infection and after the intracorneal injection of submicrogram amounts of the protease. In vitro incubation of insoluble corneal stromal tissue with the bacterium or with the protease resulted in solubilization of the stromal proteoglycan ground substance; however, specific collagenase activity was not detected. Electron microscopic examination of corneas damaged by the bacterial infection and by the protease revealed loss of ruthenium red staining of the proteoglycan ground substance and dispersal of ultrastructurally normal collagen fibrils. Thus, our findings indicate that the major corneal damage which occurs during serratia keratitis and after the injection of the serratia protease is caused by solubilization and loss of the ground substance of the tissue. In addition, the observation that the major structural alterations observed during serratia keratitis can be reproduced by the bacterial protease supports the idea that the enzyme is involved, at least in part, with the production of severe corneal damage by the bacterium. PMID- 7026450 TI - Hypoxemia and general anesthesia: an analysis of distribution of ventilation and perfusion. AB - There is now overwhelming evidence that anesthesia with and without muscle paralysis is associated with an increased inefficiency of gas exchange, with abnormal oxygenation and CO2 elimination. There is great variation in the degree of this change from individual to individual; it results from increased right-to left intrapulmonary shunting, increased alveolar dead space, increased dispersion of VA/Q ratios, altered cardiac output, and changes of the ODC. In normal subjects the abnormality can be largely explained by mismatch of ventilation and perfusion. Distribution of perfusion is determined by right ventricular output, the distribution of pulmonary vascular impedance, and their mutual interaction. This interaction is specifically influenced by gravity, right heart dynamics, systemic hemodynamics, particularly via the left atrium, and lung inflation. General anesthesia modifies the distribution of perfusion, largely to the extent that the above determinants are changed by: the particular anesthetic agents used; the posture adopted (gravity); the type and extent of ventilation employed; hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction; and any accompanying special techniques such as deliberate hypotension. Ventilation distribution is dependent on the posture of the subject and changes of the lung volumes and mechanics, which probably result from altered chest wall and diaphragm mechanics. These changes occur soon after induction of anesthesia and do not appear to be progressive. They can persist, however, well into the postoperative period. Alterations of pulmonary function during anesthesia and surgery are rarely life threatening in the operating room. Awareness of the problems of hypoxemia during general anesthesia and an appropriate response by the anesthesiologist, however, is a prerequisite of good medical practice. PMID- 7026451 TI - Oxygen Measurement. PMID- 7026452 TI - Oxygen transport. PMID- 7026453 TI - Hemodilution and oxygenation. PMID- 7026454 TI - Oxygen stores. PMID- 7026455 TI - Respiratory and cardiovascular responses to hypoxemia and the effects of anesthesia. AB - The normoxic ventilatory drive contributes to the normal level of ventilation, and the hypoxic ventilatory drive contributes to the maintenance of adequate gas exchange in the presence of ventilation/blood flow maldistribution and increased mechanical load to breathing. This respiratory drive arises principally from stimuli at the carotid chemoreceptors. The reflex cardiovascular responses to hypoxia also contribute to the delivery of O2 to vital organs, and their efficacy depends on the integrity of the respiratory response and the autonomic nervous system as well as the function of the vascular system. Prolonged exposure to hypoxemia from altitude, cyanotic congenital heart disease, and chronic pulmonary disease impair the ventilatory response to hypoxia. In addition, the respiratory and cardiovascular responses to hypoxemia are impaired by familial or acquired abnormalities of the autonomic effector system. There is growing evidence that impaired respiratory response to hypoxemia is a major factor in recurrent respiratory failure in obesity, obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic or familial "hypoventilation," and contributes to disturbances in oxygenation during sleep [152, 189, 192, 202]. Although the ventilatory response to hypoxemia was traditionally thought to be resistant to the effects of inhalational anesthetics, barbiturates, and narcotics, there is abundant evidence that in fact the ventilatory response to hypoxia is more sensitive to depression by drugs than the ventilatory response to CO2. In addition, the hemodynamic responses to hypoxia are modified by anesthesia and anesthetic techniques. The clinical implications of these observations are wide. The ventilatory and cardiovascular response to hypoxemia will be altered, and usually depressed by age, disease processes, premedicant and anesthetic drugs, and autonomic blocking drugs. The cardiovascular responses will be modified indirectly by altered ventilatory control due to neuromuscular blocking drugs and controlled ventilation. Thus, not only will the responses to hypoxemia be depressed by anesthesia but the early clinical hemodynamic signs will be modified or absent, or indeed the cardiovascular response will further impair oxygen delivery. Furthermore, it is not only anesthetic doses that impair the reflex respiratory responses, but also subanesthetic doses of inhalational anesthetics and premedicant doses of barbiturates and narcotics. Hence the patient in the perioperative period continues to have impaired respiratory response to hypoxemia. As anesthetic and surgical care extends to older patients, patients with systemic disease, and recipients of cardiovascular peripheral and central drugs, the clinical implications of the impairment of ventilatory and cardiovascular responses to hypoxia, and the maintenance of organ and system function, escalate. Only a few hesitant steps have been taken into this vast arena of clinical and experimental research. PMID- 7026456 TI - Oxygen and intracellular metabolism. AB - Aerobic metabolism is of fundamental importance to the living organism. The mitochondrion, which probably evolved from an early aerobic parasite of anaerobic cells, is the keystone of aerobic metabolism. It is able to convert the energy of substrate to a useful form which the living organism requires. It functions under strong metabolic control so that it may adjust to changing cellular energy requirements. When mitochondrial metabolism is impaired by oxygen deficiency, many physiological changes occur rapidly; some of these are detailed in this chapter. The material presented here is intended as an introduction to the important topics to be discussed in the following chapters. PMID- 7026457 TI - Detection of cell-surface antigens in murine tumors by a protein A immunofluorescence test. AB - The detection of antibodies to H-2 and species cell-surface antigens, on suspensions of leukemia and MC-induced sarcomas by an assay using fluorescein labelled protein A from Staphylococcus aureus is described. The presence of 'foreign' H-2 allospecificities on MC-induced sarcoma cells were detected. Antibodies to leukemia and MC sarcoma cells showed a high degree of cross reactivity in their reaction with different MC-induced sarcomas and with leukemia cells. PMID- 7026458 TI - Immunosuppressive effects of tween 80 on mice. AB - The effects of Tween 80 on the humoral immune response, as measured by the Jerne plaque assay, was determined. Mice treated with Tween 80 showed a significant depression in the number of primary (IgM) plaques without a significant difference in the number of secondary (IgG) plaques. In addition, the cell mediated responses were assessed by contact hypersensitivity to oxazolone. Mice treated with Tween 80 showed no significant decrease in contact sensitivity. Thus, the suppression caused by Tween 80 affected only the primary humoral immune response. PMID- 7026459 TI - In vitro reaction of cancer patients and others to Bacillus Calmette-Gueerin. AB - We examined the in vitro reaction of leukocytes from 71 cancer patients and 121 control donors (disease-free individuals or patients with non-malignant non debilitating conditions) against Bacillus Calmette-Guerin using a one-stage capillary leukocyte migration assay. The proportion of reactive cancer patients and control donors increased with increasing BCG concentration, but the proportion of patients who reacted was less than that of control donors at all concentrations of BCG. As cancer stage advanced and the volume of clinically detectable tumor increased, the proportion of reactive patients decreased. There was a small age-related decline in reactivity in the control population. The results of simultaneous in vitro tests and Mantoux reactions were concurrent in a majority of normal individuals so tested. PMID- 7026461 TI - In vitro motility of cells from human epidermoid carcinomas. A study by phase contrast and reflection-contrast cinematography. AB - The motile behavior of six cell lines derived from human squamous carcinomas (two from the larynx, four from the tongue) was studied by cinematography under phase- and reflection-contrast illumination. The recorded cell activities consist in spreading, stationary and translocation motility, and aggregate formation. Within this common pattern, quantitative modifications ("sub-pattern") are stable properties of the individual cells lines. Such modifications are particularly evident with regard to the dynamic texture of the aggregates which ranges from loose, netlike structures to compact islands with smooth borders. Accordingly, the intensity of cell traffic within and around the aggregates varies considerably. It is discussed to what extent the in vitro motility of the carcinoma cell populations reflects their behavior in the organism and thus the significance of cell movements for invasion. PMID- 7026460 TI - Canine transmissible venereal sarcoma: leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) reactivity of various lymphoid tissues of dogs with tumors at different stages of growth. AB - Leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) reactivity of various lymphoid tissues of dogs with canine transmissible venereal sarcoma (CTVS) at different stages of growth was determined by the tube LAI test. Tumors were classified at the time of excision into progressor, steady state, and regressor stages of growth. The LAI reactivity to CTVS antigen extract of spleen, draining and non-draining lymph node cells, and peripheral blood leukocytes of regressors (non-adherence index- NAI of 172.8 +/- 46.8, 148.1 +/- 64.7, 138.7 +/- 47.3, and 172.2 +/- 60.7, respectively) was significantly greater than that of progressors (46.1 +/- 20.0, 38.5 +/- 21.5, 50.2 +/- 30.0, 24,6 +/- 37.2, respectively, p less than 0.001) and normal dogs (47.5 +/- 22.8, 54.6 +/- 24.6, 26.7 +/- 14.0, 50.9 +/- 22.4, respectively, p less than 0.001). In contrast, LAI reactivity of progressor lymphoid tissues to CTVS antigen extract did not differ significantly from that of normal dogs. LAI reactivity of lymphoid tissues from steady state tumor bearers (97.9 +/- 39.2, 80.7 +/- 47.3, 87.1 +/- 40.0, 85.1 +/- 53,9, respectively) was intermediate between and significantly different from LAI reactivities of regressor (p less than 0.05) and progressor (p less than 0.01) lymphoid tissues. Significant LAI reactivity observed in regressors suggests the presence of a functional effector cell mechanism associated with spontaneous regression of CTVS. The three distinct patterns of LAI reactivity observed in tumor-bearing dogs appear to correlate with the clinical course of tumor growth. PMID- 7026462 TI - Control of a human tumour (Ewing sarcoma) in mice by a single lethal dose of dimethyl-myleran and bone marrow. AB - A Ewing sarcoma grown in immunosuppressed mice was eradicated with a single lethal dose of dimethylmyleran (DMM) followed by autologous or syngeneic bone marrow. Sarcomas treated 2 weeks after grafting in a phase of rapid proliferation disappeared and large sarcomas treated after 6 or 10 weeks were reduced to necrotic tissue. A human osteosarcoma also regressed distinctly after this therapy while a human colon carcinoma responded poorly. Sub-lethal DMM treatment induced complete remissions in only 62% of the mice. Tumours which display sensitivity in this model may be treated clinically with lethal doses of DMM and autologous marrow transplantations. PMID- 7026464 TI - Treating sleep paralysis with hypnosis. PMID- 7026463 TI - Fibronectin from human germ-cell tumors resembles amniotic fluid fibronectin. AB - Three human germ-cell tumors established as xenografts in immunosuppressed mice were shown to produce fibronectin. Immunoperoxidase tissue staining with a specific antiserum revealed human fibronectin in some tumor cells. The cyst fluid which accumulated in the tumors contained human fibronectin as shown by a species specific radioimmunoassay. Human fibronectin was isolated from two of the tumor fluids and compared to previously characterized fibronectins. Sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel electrofocusing showed that the germ-cell fibronectins resembled amniotic fluid fibronectin with regard to subunit molecular weight and isoelectric point. The distinct features of the amniotic fluid and germ-cell tumor fibronectin suggest that such fibronectins may provide new oncodevelopmental markers. PMID- 7026465 TI - Ethanol and blood corticosteroid levels in chronobiology. PMID- 7026466 TI - Azathioprine. PMID- 7026467 TI - Lupus band test. PMID- 7026468 TI - Bibliography of secondary sources on the history of dermatology: II. obituaries and biographies in English journals supplemented through 1980. PMID- 7026469 TI - Shave and a haircut--two sesterces: a brief account of men and their hair in Imperial Rome. PMID- 7026470 TI - Fluorescence properties of native and chemically modified mesentericopeptidase. AB - Studies on the fluorescence properties of native mesentericopeptidase as a function of the temperature and/or in the presence of either neutral or ionic fluorescence quenchers demonstrate that the intrinsic emission f this protein is dominated by a partially exposed tryptophyl residue, which is probably located in a site of high dielectric constant containing positively charged amino acid side chains. One largely exposed tryptophan contributes about 14% of the total emission, whereas one deeply buried tryptophan is virtually non-fluorescent. The conversion of the active site serine to cysteine and the insertion of either one phenylmethanesulfonyl or one dansyl substituent into the active site induce only subtle differences in the conformational properties with respect to the native protein; in particular, the mutual distances and orientation between the 13 tyrosyl and 3 tryptophyl residues are unaffected, as shown by singlet-singlet energy transfer experiments. PMID- 7026471 TI - Infrared and laser-Raman spectroscopic studies of thermally-induced globular protein gels. AB - Infrared and laser-Raman spectroscopy have been used to follow secondary structure changes during the heat-set gelation of a number of aqueous (D2O) globular protein solutions. Measurements of the infrared Amide I' absorption band around 1650 cm-1, for BSA gels of varying clarity and texture, have shown that the very considerable variations in network structure underlying these materials are not reflected in obvious differences in secondary structure. In all cases aggregation is accompanied by development of beta-sheet of a kind common in fibrous protein systems, but for BSA at least this does not appear to vary significantly in amount from one gel type to another. Infrared studies of gels formed from other protein systems have confirmed this tendency for beta-sheet to develop during aggregation, and the tendency is further substantiated by laser Raman evidence which provides the extra information that in most of the examples studied alpha-helix content simultaneously falls. From these, and other observations, some generalisations are made about the thermally-induced sol-to gel transformations of globular proteins. PMID- 7026472 TI - Electron microscopy of network structures in thermally-induced globular protein gels. AB - Thin sections of heat-set proteins gels formed from bovine serum albumin, insulin, lysozyme, ribonuclease, and alpha-chymotrypsin, have been studied by transmission electron microscopy. Micrographs have been interpreted as showing protein networks with strands between one and two times as thick as the native protein diameters. Considerable differences in the persistence characteristics, and frequencies of cross-linking, of the strands are observed, and there are variations in network homogeneity over long distances which correlate well with changes in gel opacity caused by alterations in pH and ionic strength. Evidence that artefacts are unlikely to have influenced these interpretations has been obtained in the BSA case in particular, by studying the aggregation process in solution, using alternative microscope approaches such as heavy-metal shadowing and negative staining. assuming that artefacts are absent, gel section micrographs have been simulated by a computer procedure, and the results suggest that, in most cases, the simplest interpretation of the microscope data is in terms of a "string of beads" model for the aggregation process, involving only moderately unfolded, and still globular, protein molecules. Other structural interpretations cannot be ruled out, however, as the degree of protein unfolding, and the exact mode of incorporation of the monomers into the network filaments, cannot be established by the microscope technique alone. PMID- 7026473 TI - Comparison of sensitivity of rad mutants of diploid yeast to heat and gamma radiation: cellular target for heat inactivation. AB - Wild type and radiation-sensitive mutants rad 53, 54 and 55 of the diploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in stationary and log phase were exposed to gamma radiation and hyperthermia (51 degrees C) in order to compare their sensitivity to these agents. The wild type diploid strain exposed to gamma rays showed a sigmoidal survival curve both in stationary and log phase cultures. Log phase cells were significantly more resistant than stationary phase cells. When compared to wild type, the gamma radiation response of the mutants indicated that the mutations in these RAD loci render the cells sensitive in stationary phase and very sensitive in log phase. The response of mutants to hyperthermia was similar to that of wild type cells in both the phases. The log phase cells of both wild type and mutants wee gamma radiation response of the mutants indicated that the mutations in these RAD loci render the cells sensitive in stationary phase and very sensitive in log phase. The response of mutants to hyperthermia was similar to that of wild type cells in both the phases. The log phase cells of both wild type and mutants wee gamma radiation response of the mutants indicated that the mutations in these RAD loci render the cells sensitive in stationary phase and very sensitive in log phase. The response of mutants to hyperthermia was similar to that of wild type cells in both the phases. The log phase cells of both wild type and mutants were more sensitive to heat than stationary phase cells. These results suggest that the RAD loci are not involved in the repair of hyperthermic damage. Since it is known that the products of the RAD genes are involved in the repair of DNA damage, the wild type response of these rad mutants to hyperthermia indicates that the DNA may not be the principal target for hyperthermic killing. Furthermore, the enhanced thermal sensitivity of log phase cells, containing higher amounts of active enzymes and sensitive membrane, strongly suggests that proteins and/or membranes could be the primary targets for thermal inactivation. PMID- 7026474 TI - Pathogenesis of post-irradiation infections. I. Yersinia enterocolitica administered to normal and irradiated rats. AB - Infections after irradiation can be due to a great variety of microorganisms many of which are normally non-pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic for the host. The strain of Y. enterocolitica used was not pathogenic to a variety of unirradiated rats nor to athymic or B lymphocyte deprived, macrophage depleted rats, nor to normal rats irradiated by 5.7 Gy 24 hours before. However similarly irradiated rats receiving Y. enterocolitica 5 to 10 days later showed a substantial mortality. It is concluded that the radiosensitive mechanism for protection against Y. enterocolitica is not humoral nor cellular immunity as mediated by T and B lymphocytes or macrophages. PMID- 7026476 TI - The influence of cell size on U.V. induced cell cycle variation in lethality and mitotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7026475 TI - The correction of intestinal microcolony counts for variation in size. PMID- 7026477 TI - The child with cleft lip and palate: 20 years of progress. PMID- 7026478 TI - EEG phase coherence, pure consciousness, creativity, and TM--Sidhi experiences. AB - Males (n = 12, M age 25.6 yrs) with clear experiences (CE) of both "pure consciousness" (unbounded inner awareness without thoughts) and the TM--Sidhi techniques (mental procedures derived from Vedic Science to enhance cognitive, perceptual and other abilities) were compared with unclear experience (UE) males (n = 10, M age 25.5 yrs) on creativity (ideational fluency, Torrance, Novel Uses, Verbal) and EEG coherence, a measure of phase stability derived from Fourier series analysis. Multivariate analysis of variance of coherence between four pairs of EEG derivations (F3F4, F3C3, F4C4, C3C4) and a t-test on the creativity variable showed that CE subjects had higher alpha (8--12 Hz) coherence (p = 0.052) and higher creativity (p = 0.011) than UE subjects. Several of the alpha coherence variables were positively correlated with creativity: Bilateral Frontal (F3F4), r = 0.65, p = 0.001; Homolateral Right, r = 0.50, p = 0 .011; mean of the four alpha variables, r = 0.66, p = 0.001; Dominant Alpha (area of highest alpha coherence for each subject) r = 0.64, p = 0.001. It is concluded that: (1) information processing, at least to the extent measured by ideational fluency, is enhanced in those with clear experiences of pure consciousness and the TM--Sidhi techniques, (2) that EEG coherence is a psychophysiological correlate of this subject variable and (3) that the results may be generalizable to the field of information processing and "peak experiences" described in Humanistic psychology. PMID- 7026479 TI - Assessment of vitamin A status by an isotope dilution method. AB - The body pool of Vitamin A was estimated by an isotope dilution method and the values obtained were compared with values for total liver Vitamin A obtained by chemical analysis. Rats with varying hepatic levels of Vitamin A were administered a single oral dose of [11,12-3H] retinol at two dose levels (10 micrograms and 20 micrograms) and sacrificed on the seventh day after dosing. The vitamin A body pool was calculated by dividing total liver radioactivity by the specific activity of plasma Vitamin A. At both dose levels significant correlations between analysed and calculated values were obtained at low and high levels of liver Vitamin A, but not at intermediate levels. There was considerable variability in the proportion of the administered dose stored in the liver. PMID- 7026480 TI - Vitamin and alcoholism. IX. Vitamin A. PMID- 7026481 TI - Inflammatory diseases of the retinal pigment epithelium. PMID- 7026482 TI - Retinal telangiectasis of the macula: a review and differential diagnosis. PMID- 7026483 TI - Advances in treating cystoid macular edema. PMID- 7026484 TI - Vitelliform dystrophy. PMID- 7026485 TI - Ocular toxoplasmosis. PMID- 7026486 TI - Vasoocclusive diseases of the posterior pole. PMID- 7026487 TI - On presentation of the Proctor Medal of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology to Saiichi Mishima. PMID- 7026488 TI - Portraits of viruses: turnip yellow mosaic virus. PMID- 7026489 TI - Juvenile nephronophthisis. PMID- 7026490 TI - Theodor Billroth -- surgical pioneer. PMID- 7026491 TI - Bichat. PMID- 7026492 TI - 50 years of general practice: the President's address. PMID- 7026493 TI - Biographical sketches No. 9--Addison. PMID- 7026494 TI - Observations on Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides infection in Saanen goats. AB - An epizootic in white Saanen goats, caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides is described. Twenty-five flocks totalling approximately 4,500 animals were involved. The disease was characterized by a high, transient temperature, general malaise and mastitis in the lactating does, and a keratoconjunctivitis, arthritis, mycoplasmaemia and death among the kids. In one goat flock there was a precipitous change in the character of the disease, from a predominantly mastitis syndrome to a fulminating pleuropneumonia. In another goat flock, twin kids were born with an advanced purulent, proliferative arthritis, suggesting early congenital infection. In yet another infected flock there were cases of subcutaneous abscesses from which both M. mycoides and Corynebacterium pyogenes were cultured. M. mycoides was also isolated from synovial fluid and the parenchymal organs of an Ibex mountain goat that died of a purulent polyarthritis. Experimental infection in kids caused a diffuse cellulitis at the site of inoculation, a high fever, polyarthritis and death. PMID- 7026495 TI - Mycoplasma detection-an obligation to scientific accuracy. AB - Mycoplasma contamination of cell cultures is, unfortunately, a common occurrence. Because of their extremely small size the contamination is not readily apparent and the presence of mycoplasmas is confirmed by culture on agar. Certain mycoplasmas, most notably Mycoplasma hyorhinis, often do not form colonies on agar due to the presence of toxic components. Other noncultural methods have been devised to detect these "noncultivable" mycoplasmas. A brief overview of these methods will be presented and an attempt made to compare their relative efficiency in detecting microbial contamination in cell cultures. PMID- 7026496 TI - Mycoplasmal adherence with particular reference to the pathogenicity of Mycoplasma pulmonis. AB - Various eucaryotic cells adhere to colonies of some mycoplasmas (adsorption). The chemical nature of the receptors on the cells is not the same for all mycoplasma species, nor are the binding sites on different mycoplasmas the same. Some receptors comprise sialic acid, but in the case of Mycoplasma pulmonis, for example, attachment to cells is not mediated in this way. Nevertheless, adherence seems to be an important factor in the pathogenicity of this mycoplasma. Strain JB caused pneumonia in mice when inoculated intranasally, and colonies of this strain on agar absorbed erythrocytes (hemadsorption) strongly. After multiple passes in mycoplasma liquid medium, the strain lost its hemadsorbing capacity and also its mouse virulence, suggesting that the ability to attach to cells is virulence factor. Examination by electron microscopy of the virulent mycoplasma and its induced avirulent form after ruthenium-red staining showed that the stain was less thick on the surface of the avirulent form. In addition, the protein pattern of the avirulent mycoplasma, demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was deficient in three bands. These observations suggest that a glycosylated protein may form the binding site on M. pulmonis organisms that mediates their attachment to cells. PMID- 7026497 TI - Recovery and identification of human genital tract mycoplasmas. AB - Implicit in the optimal isolation of mycoplasmas from the genitourinary tract is the taking of 1) appropriate specimens, along with 2) an understanding and avoidance of the toxicity of certain swabs and antiseptics. Specimens should be 3) transported without undue delay, particularly if quantitative estimations are to be made, and 4) diluted serially in 5) supportive medium or media. The mere fulfillment of a particular medium formulation, however useful the medium is reported to be, is unlikely to lead to success without constant trial and error. The color-change technique, based in the case of ureaplasmas on the metabolism of urea, revolutionized the isolation of these organisms, and is used for other mycoplasmas too. Specific identification may be accomplished by one or more of several techniques, but usually growth inhibition on agar for large-colony forming mycoplasmas, and metabolism inhibition for ureaplasmas. PMID- 7026498 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of animal mycoplasma infections. AB - Laboratory diagnosis of animal mycoplasma infections is generally based on isolation of the mycoplasmas from the diseased tissues, followed by biochemical and serological identification of the isolates. However, the presence of serum antibodies and the demonstration of circulating antigen or antigen in infected lung tissue has also proved invaluable in the diagnosis of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. The isolation of a particular mycoplasma from a diseased tissue does not necessarily imply a causal relationship. It is important to know the pathogenicity potential of the mycoplasma in question, the number of mycoplasmas present, the presence of any other potentially pathogenic microorganisms and any other relevant information before the role of the mycoplasma can be assessed and a diagnosis of mycoplasma infection given. PMID- 7026499 TI - Mechanical effects of the respiratory system on cardiocirculatory function. PMID- 7026500 TI - Escharotic stomatitis caused by the "stinging seaweed" Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (formerly Lyngbya majuscula). Case report and literature review. PMID- 7026501 TI - The effect of infused prostacyclin in migraine and cluster headache. PMID- 7026502 TI - Inception of standards for internal emitters, radon and radium. PMID- 7026503 TI - The pathology of head and neck tumors: cysts of the jaws, part 12. AB - The jaws are unique bones of the skeleton because of their intimate involvement with tooth and facial development. Abnormal sequelae of these developmental processes may give rise to cystic lesions later in life. This paper reviews the pathogenesis, clinical features, and behavior of these odontogenic and nonodontogenic cysts. Justification is found for the exclusion of the globulomaxillary, midmandibular, and midpalatine cysts from a current classification. Emphasis is placed on the importance and controversy surrounding the odontogenic keratocyst. PMID- 7026504 TI - Recent advances in ultrasound: high-resolution imaging of superficial structures. AB - In the past few years, sophisticated ultrasound systems specifically designed for the evaluation of superficial organs and structures have been developed. These "high-resolution" scanners are particularly well suited to diagnostic imaging in the neck. This review summarizes current clinical applications of this evolving technology and highlights initial experience with a prototype scanner that is now commercially available. Particular attention is directed to high-resolution ultrasonography of the thyroid and parathyroid glands, the extracranial carotid arteries, and neoplastic and inflammatory masses of the neck.U PMID- 7026505 TI - Head and neck oncologic training--where we have been and where we are going. PMID- 7026506 TI - A method for combined dacryocystorhinostomy with external ethmoidectomy. AB - Severe polypoid rhinosinusitis requiring external ethmoid surgery may be seen in conjunction with partial or complete nasolacrimal obstruction. When this obstruction is associated with persistent, unresolved lacrimal symptoms, it is sometimes appropriate to combine surgical procedures, thereby avoiding separate lacrimal surgery. A method combining dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with external ethmoidectomy is described. The anatomy involved in this procedure and the indications for it are discussed. PMID- 7026507 TI - [Indications of operative treatment of fractures. Experimental surgery and clinical aspects]. PMID- 7026508 TI - [Antibiotic prophylaxis in elective colon surgery: comparison of the combination of metronidazole (Flagyl)/cefazolin (Kefzol) with cefazolin alone]. AB - In this prospective trial prevention of infectious complications after elective colonic surgery was studied. 34 patients receiving i.v. cefazolin were compared to 32 patients receiving oral metronidazol and i.v. cefazolin. No significant difference was observed concerning local wound infection, septicemia, anastomotic dehiscence or death. The rate of postoperative infection was 53% in group I, 34% in group II. No side effects of this prophylaxis were observed. PMID- 7026509 TI - [Anomalies of the upper urinary tract in adults. Recent findings]. PMID- 7026510 TI - [Diagnosis and follow-up of prostatic cancer using an enzyme immunoassay for prostate-specific acid phosphatase]. AB - The clinical application of an enzyme-immunoassay for the determination of the prostate-specific acid phosphatase is reported. By this method 615 plasma probes of patients with prostata adenoma, prostatitis, prostatic cancer and other urological cancer were investigated. Whereas the enzyme-immunoassay showed good correlation with the follow-up of prostatic cancer especially when metastases grow on, the test is not yet sensitive enough to find out early prostatic cancer with reliable accuracy. PMID- 7026511 TI - [Value of erythrocyte adherence tests (SRCA tests) in the diagnosis and therapy of superficial bladder tumors]. AB - Patients with superficial transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder incorporating ABH-antigens will not develop infiltrating recurrent tumors in about 70%. The investigation of multiple-selected biopsies of the bladder mucosa in regard to ABH-antigenicity revealed an increasing deletion of ABH-antigens with the occurrence of dysplasias and in situ carcinomas. ABH-antigen negative tumors are significantly more often accompanied by dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (47%) than ABH-antigen positive tumors (23%). A chemoprophylactic treatment of patients with superficial bladder tumors after TUR was done prospectively. The prophylaxis with adriamycin decreased the percentage of progressive recurrent tumors from 70% (historical control) to 16% in the ABH-antigen negative tumor group. PMID- 7026512 TI - Danazol therapy in hereditary angioedema. PMID- 7026513 TI - Skin lesions associated with E. Coli sepsis in a patient with acute leukemia. PMID- 7026514 TI - Recurrent Klebsiella meningitis following trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy for Nelson's syndrome. Chloramphenicol resistance during relapse. PMID- 7026515 TI - Richmond W. Smith Jr. PMID- 7026516 TI - Richmond Smith as a clinical investigator. His work on adult periosteal bone expansion and nutritional and endocrine aspects of osteoporosis in light of current concepts. PMID- 7026517 TI - Renin in the human kidney. Immunohistochemical localization. AB - We have localized the enzyme renin (EC 3.4.99.19) in the normal adult human kidney by immunohistology. Serial paraffin sections of kidneys were incubated with renin antisera and then processed by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Renin immunoreactivity was observed in the juxta-glomerular "epithelioid granular cells" (JEG-cells) in the wall of the afferent and rarely of the efferent vessel of the glomerulus. JEG-cells have long cytoplasmic processes penetrating between adjacent cells. This suggests a possible paracrine release of renin. Staining of various segments of the tubular system was shown to be artifactual. The kidney proteins recognized by our anti-human renin antisera had similar characteristics to renin when determined by a combination of gel-electrophoretic and immunologic techniques. Renin immunostaining in the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the human kidney is discrete and reflects the low amount of extractable renin. PMID- 7026518 TI - The assessment of DNA-synthetic activity. AB - A method is described by which a numerical value can be assigned to the amount of DNA-synthesis shown graphically by population-histograms obtained by Feulgen cytophotometry. The index appeared to give a reasonable measure of DNA-synthetic activity in populations having very low, moderate and high mitotic indices and closely followed labelling indices obtained by autoradiography. Thus the advantage of a numerical value is that the DNA-synthetic activities in different populations can be compared for statistical analysis. PMID- 7026519 TI - Pediatric Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis: report of case. PMID- 7026520 TI - Local microwave hyperthermia and irradiation in cancer therapy: preliminary observations and directions for future clinical trials. PMID- 7026521 TI - Gold medal awards of the American Society of Therapeutic Radiologists. PMID- 7026522 TI - [An alternative posture for delivery]. PMID- 7026523 TI - Self-resistance of a Streptomyces which produces istamycins. AB - Streptomyces tenjimariensis SS-939, a producer of istamycins, is highly resistant to its own antibiotics and grows in Tryptic Soy Broth containing istamycin A or B at 3,000 microgram/ml. No istamycin-inactivating enzyme was detected in extracts of strain SS-939. Polyphenylalanine synthesis in an in vitro system, consisting of the S-150 fraction and ribosomes prepared from strain SS-939, was not inhibited by 200 microgram/ml of istamycins. Using reciprocally reconstituted systems consisting of S-150 fractions and ribosomes from strain SS-939 and those from Streptomyces griseus ISP5236 (istamycin-sensitive strain), ribosomes of strain SS-939 were found to be resistant to istamycins. Thus, ribosomes have the main role in the self-resistance mechanism of S. tenjimariensis SS-939. PMID- 7026524 TI - Studies on differentiation inducing substances of animal cells. I. Differenol A, a differentiation inducing substance against mouse leukemia cells. PMID- 7026525 TI - Transferable multiple antibiotic resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 7026526 TI - Analytical methodology for sample preparation, detection, quantitation, and confirmation of N-nitrosamines in foods. AB - Significant advances have been made over the past decade in methodology for the analysis of foods and other samples for volatile N-nitrosamines. Procedures for the isolation, cleanup, and concentration of N-nitrosamines were developed and applied to a broad range of food types. Several chromatographic techniques and systems have also been developed which are capable of resolving N-nitrosamines in complex mixtures in a single run, and the use of highly selective detectors has decreased sample preparation time while increasing sensitivity and precision. Unequivocal confirmation of N-nitrosamines in foods can now be achieved by mass spectrometry at low to sub-microgram/kg levels. However, further development of methodology for nonvolatile N-nitroso compounds is needed. This review paper discusses these and other topics related to the analysis of foods for N nitrosamines. PMID- 7026527 TI - Interlaboratory evaluation of the AOAC method and the A-1 procedure for recovery of fecal coliforms from foods. AB - An interlaboratory evaluation was made of the 96 h AOAC method and the 24 h A-1 procedure for the enumeration of fecal coliforms in samples of yellow corn meal, rye flour, mung beans, raw ground beef, and raw oyster homogenate. Results indicated that the efficiency of the A-1 procedure, measured in terms of recovery of fecal coliforms, and the reproducibility of that recovery were dependent on the particular food being analyzed. Accordingly, until its efficiency can be more fully demonstrated, the A-1 procedure is recommended only as a screening procedure for fecal coliforms in foods. PMID- 7026528 TI - Ethylene dibromide residues in biscuits and commercial flour. AB - Flour and biscuit samples from a school lunch program were analyzed for ethylene dibromide (EDB). Flour samples were extracted with hexane at room temperature with maximum extraction of EDB in 4 days. Biscuits were extracted by steam distillation with hexane; optimum recoveries were obtained by a triple extraction of the sample. Recoveries of EDB from flour and biscuits ranged from 85 to 103% as determined by gas-liquid chromatography on a 15% OV-17 column and a 63Ni electron capture detector. Random samples were confirmed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. From less than 8 ppb to 4 ppm EDB were determined in flour and less than 0.5 ppb to 260 ppb in biscuits. Possible sources for the higher values are discussed. PMID- 7026529 TI - Genetic analysis of mutants affected in the Pst inorganic phosphate transport system. AB - A number of mutant alleles affecting the Pst phosphate transport system have been divided into three complementation groups on the basis of constitutive alkaline phosphatase activity in appropriate partial diploid strains. The three complementation groups were represented by the alleles pstA2 and phoT32 and the newly described allele pstB401. The two alleles phoS28 and phoS21 appeared to be polar. The phoS28 allele affected both the phoT and pstB genes but not the pstA gene, whereas the phoS21 allele appeared to be a mutation in the pstA gene exerting polar effects on both the pstB and phoT genes. It was concluded that the three genes pstA, pstB, and phoT were part of an operon and that the phosphate binding protein was not coded for by any of these genes. The phoS gene, defined as the structural gene for the phosphate-binding protein, is also part of the operon, but the phoS28 and phoS21 alleles are not mutations in the phoS gene and were reclassified as pho-28 and pho-21 alleles. The gene order was concluded to be pstA-(pstB-phoT)-phoS, with the pstA gene promotor proximal and the direction of transcription opposite to that of the nearby unc operon. PMID- 7026530 TI - Wild-type isopropylmalate isomerase in Salmonella typhimurium is composed of two different subunits. AB - The isopropylmalate isomerase in Salmonella typhimurium is the second enzyme specific for leucine biosynthesis. It is a complex enzyme composed of two subunits which are coded for by two genes of the leucine operon, leuC and leuD. The two polypeptides have been shown to copurify through successive ammonium sulfate fractionations and have been identified on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as having molecular weights of 51,000 (leuC gene product) and 23,500 (leuD gene product). They have also been shown to be fairly stable, since in vitro complementation of cell-free extracts of leuC and leuD mutant strains was demonstrated, with only a 40% loss of activity 16 h after preparation of the extracts. The native isopropylmalate isomerase was shown to have a Km for its substrate alpha-isopropylmalate of 3 x 10(-4)M. PMID- 7026531 TI - Proline transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is capable of utilizing proline as the sole source of nitrogen. Mutants of S. cerevisiae with defective proline transport were isolated by selecting for resistance to either of the toxic proline analogs L-azetidine-2-carboxylate or 3,4-dehydro-DL-proline. Strains carrying the put4 mutation are defective in the high-affinity proline transport system. These mutants could still grow when given high concentrations of proline, due to the operation of low-affinity systems whose existence as confirmed by kinetic studies. Both systems were repressed by ammonium ions, and either was induce by proline. Low-affinity transport was inhibited by histidine, so put4 mutants were unable to grow on a medium containing high concentrations of proline to which histidine has been added. PMID- 7026532 TI - Interactions between mutations for sensitivity to psoralen photoaddition (pso) and to radiation (rad) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The mode of interaction in haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae of two pso mutations with each other and with rad mutations affected in their excision-resynthesis (rad3), error-prone (rad6), and deoxyribonucleic acid double-strand break (rad52) repair pathways was determined for various double mutant combinations. Survival data for 8-methoxypsoralen photoaddition, 254-nm ultraviolet light and gamma rays are presented. For 8-methoxypsoralen photoaddition, which induces both deoxyribonucleic acid interstrand cross-links and monoadditions, the pso1 mutation is epistatic to the rad6, rad52, and pso2 mutations, whereas it is synergistic to rad3. The pso2 mutation, which is specifically sensitive to photoaddition of psoralens, is epistatic to rad3 and demonstrates a nonepistatic interaction with rad6 and rad52. rad3 and rad6, as well as rad 6 and rad52, show synergistic interactions with each other, whereas rad 3 is epistatic to rad52. Consequently, it is proposed that PSO1 and RAD3 genes govern steps in the independent pathways. The PSO1 activity leading to an intermediate which is repaired via the three incidence pathways controlled by RAD6, RAD52, and PSO2 genes. Since pso1 interacts synergistically with rad3 and rad52 and epistatically with rad6 after UV radiation, the PSO1 gene appears to belong to the RAD6 group. For gamma ray sensitivity, pso1 is epistatic to rad6 and rad52, which suggests that this gene controls a step which is common to the two other independent pathways. PMID- 7026533 TI - Isolation of IIIGlc of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent glucose phosphotransferase system of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - We report a procedure for the isolation of IIIglc of Salmonella typhimurium, a protein component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system. IIIGlc is a soluble protein with a molecular weight of 21,000, as determined by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified protein is involved in the phosphoenolpyruvate dependent phosphorylation of methyl alpha-glucoside in vitro. Its affinity for octyl-Sepharose may be an indication of the partial hydrophobic nature of IIIGlc. A specific antiserum against purified IIIGlc was prepared. Growth on different carbon sources did not affect the synthesis of IIIGlc, as determined by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. Mutations which lower the adenosine 3',5' phosphate level, such as cya and pts, do not alter the IIIGlc level. The closely related enteric bacteria Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes contain a protein factor which is closely related to IIIGlc of S. typhimurium, whereas Staphylococcus aureus does not. PMID- 7026534 TI - Role of sulA and sulB in filamentation by lon mutants of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Cells containing the pleiotropic Escherichia coli mutation lon filament extensively and die after exposure to ultraviolet light. Outside suppressors of the ultraviolet sensitivity, called sul, have previously been described at two loci; these mutations reverse the ultraviolet sensitivity of lon strains but do not affect the mucoidal or degradation defect of these strains. An isogenic set of strains carrying combinations of lon, sulA, and sulI was constructed, and their behavior during normal growth and after ultraviolet treatment was studied. sulA mutations had no detectable phenotype in lon+ cells; the lon sulA strains filamented transiently after ultraviolet irradiation, as did lon+ sul+ cells. We found that the sulB mutation, which alters cell morphology and slows recovery from transient filamentation after ultraviolet treatment, was epistatic to both lon and sulA. Whereas sulA mutations were recessive to the wild-type allele, sulB was partially dominant. The simplest model to account for our observations is that sulA and lon participate in a pathway of filamentation independent of that which produces transient filamentation in wild-type strains; sulB product may be the target of sulA action and may play a role in normal cell division. PMID- 7026535 TI - Identification of the molybdenum cofactor in chlorate-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli. AB - Experiments were performed to determine whether defects in molybdenum cofactor metabolism were responsible for the pleiotropic loss of the molybdoenzymes nitrate reductase and formate dehydrogenase in chl mutants of Escherichia coli. In wild-type E. coli, molybdenum cofactor activity was present in both the soluble and membrane-associated fractions when the cells were grown either aerobically or anaerobically, with and without nitrate. Molybdenum cofactor in the soluble fraction decreased when the membrane-bound nitrate reductase and formate dehydrogenase were induced. In the chl mutants, molybdenum cofactor activity was found in the soluble fraction of chlA, chlB, chlC, chlD, chlE, and chlG, but only chlB, chlC, chlD, and chlG expressed cofactor activity in the membrane fraction. The defect in the chlA mutants which prevented incorporation of the soluble cofactor into the membrane also caused the soluble cofactor to be defective in its ability to bind molybdenum. This cofactor was not active in the absence of molybdate, and it required at least threefold more molybdate than did the wild type in the Neurospora crassa nit-1 complementation assay. However, the cofactor from the chlA strain mediated the dimerization of the nit-1 subunits in the presence and absence of molybdate to yield the 7.9S dimer. Growth of chlA mutants in medium with increased molybdate did not repair the defect in the chlA cofactor nor restore the molybdoenzyme activities. Thus, molybdenum cofactor was synthesized in all the chl mutants, but additional processing steps may be missing in chlA and chlE mutants for proper insertion of cofactor in the membrane. PMID- 7026536 TI - Influence of lipopolysaccharide and protein in the cell envelope on recipient capacity in conjugation of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - In crosses of Salmonella typhimurium FfinP301 lac+ to F- strains of S. typhimurium in broth, recipient strains which were rough mutants affected in the outer core region of the lipopolysaccharide gave an average of 1.4 Lac+ transconjugants per donor cell and over 50% of the donor and recipient cells in mating aggregates, whereas smooth recipient strains gave 0.08 Lac+ transconjugants and few cells in mating aggregates. Strains with mutations affecting the inner core of the lipopolysaccharide were usually poor recipients. When cells were mated on Millipore membrane filters, both smooth and rough strains gave ca. 1.0 Lac+ transconjugants per donor cell. Plasmids in Inc groups FI, FII, M, J, and I beta gave more transconjugants with rough than smooth strains, but there were no difference in crosses with plasmids in Inc groups T, L, P, N, and W. Strains with mutations in the ompA gene (deficient in Omp Ap = 33K = II* = conjugation protein) yielded only 0.02 Lac+ transconjugants per donor cell and few cells in mating aggregates. There was no indication of a deficiency of Omp Ap in smooth strains compared with rough strains. Reduced fertility of smooth recipients may occur because the O side chains of the lipopolysaccharide shield the recipient and reduce the frequency of stabilization of mating aggregates. However, gradient-of-transmission experiments indicated that once these mating aggregates are stabilized, they are equally stable in both smooth and rough recipients. Fertility was high in crosses of S. typhimurium Flac+ to Escherichia coli K-12 F- (0.75 Lac+ transconjugants per donor cell; over 50% of the cells in mating aggregates). In crosses of E. coli K-12 Flac+ to S. typhimurium smooth F-, ca. 10(-5) Lac+ transconjugants per donor cell were obtained; in crosses to rough recipient strains, fertility was increased 14-fold, and when the recipient was defective in the SA and LT host restriction systems, fertility was increased in additional 100-fold. Thus, both the lipopolysaccharide and the protein in the cell envelope of S. typhimurium were shown to be important in the recipient function in F-mediated conjugation. PMID- 7026537 TI - The gene for ribosomal protein L31, rpmE, is located at 88.5 minutes on the Escherichia coli chromosomal linkage map. AB - Two mutations resulting in an alteration in large-subunit ribosomal protein L31 were mapped at around 88.5 min on the Escherichia coli chromosomal linkage map. They were located between metB and argH and cotransduced over 90% with metB. These mutations were shown to define the structural gene of protein L31, rpmE. PMID- 7026538 TI - Lack of chemotactic response to tricarboxylic acids by Escherichia coli carrying a plasmid determining citrate utilization. AB - Salmonella typhimurium but not citrate-utilizing Escherichia coli carrying the Cit plasmid showed positive chemotaxis to tricarboxylic acids, indicating that the Cit plasmid encodes a transport system but not a chemoreceptor for citrate. PMID- 7026539 TI - Genetic mapping of the Salmonella typhimurium pncB locus. AB - The nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase locus pncB was located on the Salmonella typhimurium linkage map counterclockwise relative to pyrC. P22 and P1 transductional analyses revealed linkage of pncB with aroA and pyrD, indicating a pncB map position of approximately 20 map units. The results of these cotransduction experiments also indicated that the genetic map distance between gal and pyrD is greater than the published 2.2 map units. PMID- 7026540 TI - Role of gene fadR in Escherichia coli acetate metabolism. AB - Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 constitutive for fatty acid degradation (fadR) showed an increased rate of utilization of exogenous acetate. Acetate transport, oxidation, and incorporation into macromolecules was approximately fivefold greater in fadR mutants than fadR+ strains during growth on succinate as a carbon source. This effect was due to the elevated levels of glyoxylate shunt enzymes in fadR mutants, since (i) similar results were seen with mutants constitutive for the glyoxylate shunt enzymes (iclR), (ii) induction of the glyoxylate shunt in fadR+ strains by growth on acetate or oleate increased the rate of acetate utilization to levels comparable to those in fadR mutants, and (iii) fadR and fadR+ derivatives of mutants defective for the glyoxylate shunt enzymes showed equivalent rates of acetate utilization under these conditions. These results suggest that the operation of the glyoxylate shunt may play a significant role in the utilization of exogenous acetate by fadR mutants. PMID- 7026541 TI - The pharmacokinetics of psychotropic medication in the elderly: a review. PMID- 7026542 TI - A comparison of phenelzine and imipramine in depressed inpatients. AB - Phenelzine and imipramine were compared double-blind, in 43 depressed inpatients. A placebo week preceded drug treatment; this allowed early identification of placebo responders who did not therefore enter the study. After three weeks treatment, the two drugs were equally effective on Hamilton, Beck and SCL-90 measures of depression and anxiety. On the the SCL-90 scales of hostility and paranoia imipramine was more effective; in some patients phenelzine was associated with increased hostility. Measurement of MAO inhibition and plasma tricyclic levels indicated that adequate doses were generally used - (mean 81 mg/day phenelzine and 144 mg/day imipramine). PMID- 7026544 TI - Studies on oxygen-insensitive nitrofuran reductase in Escherichia coli B/r. AB - Oxygen-insensitive nitrofuran reductase in Escherichia coli B/r was clearly resolved by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography into two components, one NADPH linked, and the other both NADPH- and NADH-linked. It is known that the strain requires resistance to nitrofurazone in two mutational steps. It is known that the the first step mutants had no NADPH-linked component and the second step ones had neither this component nor the NAD(P)-H-linked one. The NADPH- and NADH linked activities of the latter component were similarly inactivated by heat or urea treatment. In addition, it was found that these activities were significantly inhibited by dicoumarol, an NAD(P)H dehydrogenase inhibitor, to similar extents. These results suggest that the activities of the NAD(P)H-linked component originate from a single enzyme. On the other hand, the NADPH-linked component was less sensitive to heat, urea and dicoumarol. PMID- 7026545 TI - Purification and properties of sterol-ester hydrolase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Sterol-ester hydrolase [EC 3.1.1.13] from Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown aerobically was solubilized with 1% Tween 20 and purified about 700-fold by the protamine sulfate treatment, DEAE-cellulose-, Sepharose 6B- and DEAE-cellulose column chromatographies. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 70,000 by Sepharose 6B gel filtration. The enzyme activity showed two peaks of pH optimum at 4.4 and 6.8. Triton X-100 stimulated the activity as its low concentrations at both pH regions, but decreased the activity at its high concentrations at pH 6.8. The presence of Tween 20 or Tween 80 also stimulated the activity. These results were different from those in the previous report showing no stimulation of the crude enzyme by these detergents. The stimulation of the activity by phosphatidylcholine or low concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholine was similar to that by Triton X-100, and taurocholate was less effective than Triton X-100. The enzyme activity was inhibited by divalent cations such as Hg2+ and Cu2+. PMID- 7026543 TI - Connectin, an elastic protein of muscle. Effects of proteolytic enzymes in situ. AB - The effects of various proteolytic enzymes on the high molecular weight protein (connectin) present in a direct sodium dodecyl sulfate extract of myofibrils from chicken breast muscle were studied in detail. To keep the high molecular weight proteins intact, myofibrils had to be prepared in the presence of EGTA. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, and nagarse readily hydrolyzed connectin (doublet band of titin) and the band 3 protein (N2-line protein). Pepsin did not attack connectin, but digested the band 3 protein and myosin. Calcium-activated neutral proteinase hydrolyzed the band 3 protein, leaving connectin intact. On the other hand, serine protease digested connectin but not the band 3 protein. PMID- 7026546 TI - Induction of various androgen-dependent esteroproteases (trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like enzymes) by tri-iodo-L-thyronine in the submandibular glands of female mice and mice with testicular feminization. AB - Trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like esteroprotease isozymes of the mouse submandibular gland were separated by isoelectric focusing. In normal female mice the following pI-isozyme activities were found; pI-4.6, -5.6 (shoulder), -5.8, 7.1, and -9.9, hydrolytic activities for benzoylarginine ethylester (BAEE) (trypsin-like enzymes), and pI-4.7 and -10.3 hydrolytic activities for acetyltyrosine ethylester (ATEE) (chymotrypsin-like enzymes). In mice with testicular feminization (Tfm mice), only pI4.6 hydrolytic activity for BAEE was found; no ATEE hydrolytic activity was detected. In normal female mice, both 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT) and tri-iodo-L-thyronine (T3) significantly increased all these isozymes except the pI-4.6 hydrolytic activity for BAEE. In Tfm mice, T3 also increased all these isozymes except the pI-4.6 hydrolytic activity for BAEE, but 5 alpha-DHT had no effect on any enzymes. These results suggest that the pI-4.6 hydrolytic activity for BAEE is non-inducible by the two hormones. Androgen does not seem to be involved in the inductions of these esteroproteases by T3. PMID- 7026547 TI - Amphoteric charge distribution at the enzymatic site of 1,N6-ethenoadenosine triphosphate-binding heavy meromyosin determined by dynamic fluorescence quenching. AB - The features of the charge distribution in the vicinity of the ATP-binding site of heavy meromyosin (HMM) were investigated by the technique of dynamic fluorescence quenching. Instead of ATP, 1,N6-ethenoadenosine triphosphate (epsilon-ATP), a fluorescent derivative of ATP, was attached to the ATP-binding site in the presence of an ATP-regenerating system. The I- ion and acrylamide were used as negative- and zero-charged quenchers. In addition to these quenchers, we used the TI+ ion, which has recently been found to be a highly efficient quencher with positive charge, and to be generally applicable to fluorescence-labeled proteins. The Stern-Volmer quenching constants of TI+ and I- for epsilon-ATP bound to HMM both decreased with increasing ionic strength of the solvent. This result means that there is an electrostatic attractive force between the fluorophore ad both TI+ and I-. On the other hand, the Stern-Volmer quenching constant of acrylamide was not significantly affected by a change in ionic strength. This result confirms that no significant change in protein conformation in the vicinity of the epsilon-ATP-binding site of HMM occurs with change in ionic strength. In order to interpret these results, we propose a model in which a positive charge is located on one side of the epsilon-adenine ring and a negative charge is located on the opposite side. The negative charge is attributed to the phosphate group in epsilon-ATP and positive one is probably attributable to a lysyl residue in the polypeptide chain of HMM. PMID- 7026548 TI - Role of pancreatic hormones in dietary induction of ornithine decarboxylase of rat liver. AB - 1. Although the mean ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity induced by feeding in alloxan-diabetic rats was 60% of that in normal rats, it was markedly suppressed in pancreatectomized rats depending on the degree of pancreatectomy. 2. There was a correlation between plasma glucagon concentration and hepatic ODC activity under various dietary conditions. 3. When glucagon or insulin was given to pancreatectomized rats, dietary induction of ODC was restored to a level found in normal rats. The effects of glucagon and insulin were not additive, suggesting that these hormones act with a similar mechanism. Feeding 75% casein diet resulted in a considerable induction of ODC even in pancreatectomized rats. The enzyme was only slightly induced, however, when pancreatic hormones were given to starved rats. 4. Findings from amino acid analysis indicated that the influx of some amino acids into liver was stimulated by administration of glucagon. 5. These results suggest that increased influx of amino acids into liver is a critical factor for dietary induction of ODC and that both glucagon and insulin play a role in stimulating amino acid influx. PMID- 7026549 TI - Mutants of Shigella sonnei deficient in DNA polymerase I. AB - Mutants of Shigella sonnei (S. sonnei) deficient in DNA polymerase I were isolated after mutagenesis with nitrosoguanidine. The isolation of the mutants was facilitated by the use of a strain harboring plasmid pBR313 which required DNA polymerase I for its muliplication. The mutants isolated could not maintain the plasmid and became sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and to ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation. Assays performed on crude extracts established that the mutants were deficient in an enzyme with DNA polymerase activity. All of these properties are the same as those of E. coli polA. Several MMS-resistant revertants isolated from one of the S. sonnei polA mutants regained 3-120% of the DNA polymerase activity found in the extracts of the wild-type parent strain. Most though not all of the revertants could support the multiplication of plasmid pBR313. PMID- 7026550 TI - A comparative study of high molecular weight urokinase and low molecular weight urokinase. AB - Two forms of urokinase [EC 3.4.99.26] with molecular weights of 51,600 and 34,500 were purified from human urine. The specific activities of the high molecular weight urokinase (HMW-UK) and low molecular weight urokinase (LMW-UK) were 157,400 and 246,700 International Units (IU/mg), respectively. Purified HMW-UK was 97% active and LMW-UK was 88% active, as judged by using p-nitrophenyl-p' guanidinobenzoate. LMW-UK had five multiple isoelectric subforms, compared with HMW-UK which had only one. Not only HMW-UK but also LMW-UK was composed of two polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bond(s). The molecular weight of the heavy chain of both forms was the same (34,000 daltons), while the molecular weight of the light chain of HMW-UK was 17,600 and that of LMW-UK was approximately 1,200 3,400. Enzyme kinetic studies revealed that the kinetic constants, Km and Kcat, of both forms toward the synthetic substrates, acetyl-Gly-Lys-methylester (AGLMe) and glutaryl-Gly-Arg-4-methylcoumarin-7-amide (GGA-MCA), were almost the same, but the dissociation constant of HMW-UK toward Glu-plasminogen was 2.4-2.6 times less than that of LMW-UK. HMW-UK incubated at 37 degrees C was converted into LMW UK in an autocatalytic digestion manner leading to no loss of the total activity. These results show that HMW-UK with a higher affinity toward Glu-plasminogen is converted into LMW-UK with a lower affinity, a greater portion of the light chain of HMW-UK splitting off. PMID- 7026551 TI - Correspondence of the larger subunit of the MoFe-protein in clostridial nitrogenase to the nif D gene products of other N2-fixing organisms. AB - The amino(N)-terminal sequence of the larger subunit (alpha) of the MoFe-protein from Clostridium pasteurianum was determined up to 179 amino acid residues by analyses of BrCN and tryptic peptides of the original subunit. Apparent similarities exist among the sequence of the clostridial alpha-subunit, that of the smaller subunit (beta) of the Azotobacter vinelandii MoFe protein, and those predicted from the nucleotide sequences of nif D genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Anabaena 7120. In comparing the sequences of C. pasteurianum and K. pneumoniae, 45% of residues are identical of a total of 184 sites. Therefore, the larger subunit of the clostridial MoFe-protein must correspond to the nif D gene product of K. pneumoniae. PMID- 7026552 TI - Enzymes from Escherichia coli synthesize o-succinylbenzoic acid, an intermediate in menaquinone (vitamin K2) biosynthesis. AB - Cell-free preparations have been obtained from Escherichia coli AN 154 which catalyze the conversion of chorismic acid and alpha-ketoglutaric acid to o succinylbenzoic acid. This result constitutes the first experimental verification of the committed step in menaquinone biosynthesis. The enzymatic biosynthesis of o-succinylbenzoic acid was demonstrated in experiments utilizing [U-14C]alpha ketoglutaric acid as substrate. Following purification of O-succinylbenzoic acid and conversion to the dimethyl derivative, the presence of 14C was shown by scanning of thin layer chromatograms, and by radiogas chromatography. Proof for the formation of o-succinylbenzoic acid was also obtained by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The formation of o-succinylbenzoic acid in these extracts required the presence of thiamin pyrophosphate; when this cofactor was omitted from the incubations, there was a substantial diminution in the incorporation of radioactivity from alpha-ketoglutarate into o-succinylbenzoic acid (from 4- to 8-fold). These results support the suggestion (Campbell, I. M. (1969) Tetrahedron Lett. 4777-4780) that the three-carbon unit of lawsone and, hence by inference, the four-carbon side chain of o-succinylbenzoic acid, is derived from the thiamin pyrophosphate adduct of succinic semialdehyde (likely in the anion form). The activated form of succinic semialdehyde is derived by the action of the first enzyme of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex or by a similar decarboxylase enzyme. PMID- 7026553 TI - Effect of insulin fragments on biological activity of insulin and desoctapeptide insulin. I. Potentiation of biological activities. AB - Four derivatives of the insuln B-chain COOH-terminal pentapeptide Arg-Gly-Phe-Phe Tyr (B22-26) were synthesized and shown to be inactive alone. In the presence of submaximal concentrations of insulin or desoctapeptide insulin, peptides at concentrations of 10(-4) M and higher, markedly stimulated the actions of insulin on rat adipocytes including labeled glucose oxidation, activation of glycogen synthase, and stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose transport. The B-chain COOH-terminal heptapeptide, Gly-Phe-Phe-Tyr-Thr-Pro-Lys (B23-29) was inactive alone or in the presence of submaximal concentrations of insulin or desoctapeptide insulin, suggesting that argnine is required. Dose response curves of insulin, and desoctapeptide insulin for labeled glucose oxidation by rat adipocytes were shifted 1 log concentration unit to the left in the presence of peptide. Peptide shortened the lag time of labeled glucose oxidation and markedly enhanced the rate of 14CO2 production following the lag time. Peptides also enhanced insulin like activities of concanavalin A and nonsuppressible insulin-like activity P. PMID- 7026554 TI - Effect of insulin fragments on biological activity of insulin and desoctapeptide insulin. II. Enhanced binding and mechanism studies. PMID- 7026555 TI - Physicochemical characterization of ribosomal particles from the eukaryote Artemia. AB - Cytoplasmic ribosomes and their large and small subunits have been isolated from the brine shrimp Artemia, and their basic physicochemical properties have been determined. From measurements of their ratio of absorbance at 260 and 280 nm, phosphorus and protein content, buoyant density in a CsCl gradient, and density increment, values have been derived for their RNA content (49, 52, and 43 +/- 2%, respectively), absorbance coefficient at 260 nm (12.1, 2.8, and 10.5, +/- 0.4 ml/mg, respectively), and partial specific volume (0.63, 0.62, and 0.65 +/- 0.002 ml/g, respectively). Analytical boundary sedimentation has yielded their standard sedimentation coefficient (81, 59, and 38, +/- 1 S, respectively). Photon correlation spectroscopy of laser light scattered from centrifuged solutions has yielded their translational diffusion coefficients (1.41 +/- 0.02, 1.61 +/- 0.03, and 1.80 +/- 0.04 X 10(-7) cm2/s, respectively). Combinations of these data have yielded values for their molecular weight (3.85 +/- 0.2, 2.45 +/- 0.2, and 1.45 +/- 0.1 X 10(6), respectively), for the total molecular weight of the free acid form of their RNA (1.9 +/- 0.1, 1.27 +/- 0.08, and 0.62 +/- 0.04 X 10(6), respectively) and of their proteins (2.0 +/- 0.1, 1.2 +/- 0.1, and 0.83 +/- 0.08 X 10(6), respectively), for their frictional coefficient ratio (1.54 +/- 0.04, 1.58 +/- 0.05, and 1.66 +/- 0.06, respectively), for their hydrodynamic and dry particle volume and radius, and for their hydrodynamic solvation. All the results are highly consistent. The various intact ribosomal particles of Artemia have nearly the same solvation (1.7 g/g); in this respect they resemble Escherichia coli ribosomal particles; this finding contrasts, however, with the few published data on eukaryotic ribosomes. This work strengthens the basis for a comparative study and for a more detailed elucidation of the structure of eukaryotic ribosomes. PMID- 7026556 TI - Two regions of the bifunctional protein aspartokinase I- homoserine dehydrogenase I are connected by a short hinge. AB - Four proteases differing in their specificity, i.e. subtilisin, trypsin, alpha chymotrypsin and V8 staphylococcal protease, cleave the bifunctional protein Escherichia coli aspartokinase I-homoserine dehydrogenase I (composed of 820 residues) producing an active homoserine dehydrogenase fragment. This cleavage occurs within a short segment of the polypeptide chain extending from residue 293 to residue 300. PMID- 7026557 TI - Biochemical and genetic analysis of AMP deaminase deficiency in cultured mammalian cells. PMID- 7026558 TI - Lipid dependence of the membrane-bound D-lactate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7026559 TI - Effect of recA protein on the DNAse activities of the recBC enzyme. AB - In Escherichia coli, the recBC enzyme is required for several cellular functions including recombination proficiency, UV resistance, and DNA breakdown following radiation damage to the chromosome, all of which appear to be also under the control of the recA gene. We have studied the influence of purified recA protein on the various nucleolytic activities of the recBC enzyme. Conditions were chosen (with GTP as nucleoside triphosphate) under which recA protein binds to single stranded DNA without catalyzing D-loop formation and which are favorable for the DNase activities of the recBC enzyme. We found that the degradation of linear duplex DNA was unaffected, but that the endonuclease and exonuclease activities for single-stranded DNA were inhibited by about 50% and 35%, respectively. In contrast, no protection of circular duplex DNA containing single-stranded regions was observed. The results suggest that the recA protein by itself may not act as a potent inhibitor of recBC enzyme-dependent DNA degradation in vivo. PMID- 7026560 TI - Effect of yeast killer toxin on sensitive cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Killer toxin from Saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibited the pumping of protons into the medium by metabolically active sensitive cells. Such inhibition coincided with that of the uptake of potassium ions which are thought to be accumulated by yeast cells in order to neutralize the membrane potential created because of the extrusion of protons. The consumption of glucose, however, was identical in killer-treated and untreated cells. These alterations can be explained by the ability of the toxin to reduce the chemical proton gradient across the plasma membrane as measured by the accumulation of the weak permeable [14C]propionic acid. With this method, an internal pH of 6.42 was calculated from normal cells (the external pH was 4.6) while that of toxin-treated cells was decreased as a function of time. The proton concentration gradient was reduced from 66- to 17 fold. It is shown that the toxin-induced alteration of the proton gradient is due to an enhanced proton permeability of the yeast plasma membrane upon binding of the toxin. It is suggested that killer toxin acts as a macromolecular proton conductor similar in some respects to the known proton conductors 2,4 dinitrophenol and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, since all the described effects are also observed with these substances. PMID- 7026561 TI - Characterization of two membrane-associated glycolipids from an Escherichia coli mutant deficient in phosphatidylglycerol. PMID- 7026562 TI - Changing reactivity of receptor carboxyl groups during bacterial sensing. AB - A microdistillation procedure has been developed to analyze carboxylmethylation of the Mr = 60,000 chemoreceptor proteins involved in chemotaxis of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Methylation levels obtained by this method are substantially higher than those reported in the literature. In highly motile strains under optimal conditions there are approximately 100,000 methylated receptor residues per cell which are entirely composed of gamma-methylglutamyl esters. Whereas with previously used methods only groups which turn over could be detected, the microdistillation assay provides absolute values. Under steady state conditions, approximately one-half the total number of methyl ester residues are continuously hydrolyzed and resynthesized, while the remainder are sequestered. A mechanism has been devised to explain the observed patterns of methyl ester synthesis and hydrolysis. According to this hypothesis, substrate glutamyl residues on the receptor are located in a restricted region near the active sites of transferase and esterase which are bound to the receptor protein. Small, stimuli-induced changes in receptor conformation effect perturbations in receptor methylation by shifting the focus of activity of the modifying enzymes from one pair of closely spaced groups to another. PMID- 7026563 TI - Affinity of the hepatic insulin receptor is influenced by membrane phospholipids. PMID- 7026564 TI - Membrane phospholipid synthesis in Escherichia coli. Purification, reconstitution, and characterization of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. PMID- 7026565 TI - Bacteriophage f1 gene II and X proteins. Isolation and characterization of the products of two overlapping genes. AB - We have isolated and characterized the 2 major proteins of a dense complex which accumulate in EScherichia coli cells infected with bacteriophage f1 under conditions where the phage gene V protein is inactive (Webster, R. E., and Rementer, M. (1980) J. Mol. Biol. 139, 393-405). The amino acid composition and NH2- and COOH-terminal sequences of the larger polypeptide (estimated molecular weight of 46,000) correspond to those predicted from the DNA sequence for the f1 gene II protein. The other polypeptide (estimated molecular weight of 14,000) has the amino acid composition and COOH-terminal sequence predicted for the f1 X protein, which previously had been found only as a product of an in vitro transcription-translation reaction. The X protein contains N-formylmethionine, cross-reacts with antibodies against gene II protein, and is present in wild type f1-infected bacteria. Thus, X protein is the product of f1 gene X (10), which is contained entirely in, and translated in phase with, gene II. PMID- 7026566 TI - p-Azidophenylglyoxal. A heterobifunctional photoactivable cross-linking reagent selective for arginyl residues. AB - 1. The synthesis described is of p-azidophenylglyoxal (p-APG) by diazotization of p-aminoacetophenone to an intermediate which when reacted with sodium azide gives p-azidoacetophenone; oxidation of the latter with selenium dioxide gives rise to p-APG (corrected melting point, 103-105 degrees C). The phenylglyoxal moiety was designed to react with arginine residues, whereas the p-azidoaryl function generates a reactive nitrene when activated with UV light; p-APG reacts most selectively with arginine and to a lesser extent with cystine and histidine. 2. p APG has absorption peaks at 205 and 280 nm which decrease on photolysis. 3. Bovine heart lactic dehydrogenase, egg white lysozyme, horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, and yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, all enzymes having arginyl residues at their active sites, are inhibited by p-APG in the dark. 4. Gel electrophoresis of oligomeric enzymes having arginyl residues at their active sites and exposed to p-APG and to UV irradiation gave varying proportions of monomers and photocross-linked dimers, trimers, tetramers, and larger molecular weight aggregates. PMID- 7026567 TI - Congenital elevation of the scapula. Surgical correction by the Woodward procedure. AB - We reviewed the cases of eleven patients with congenital elevation of the scapula who were treated by the Woodward procedure. A discussion of the characteristic findings, associated congenital anomalies, indications for operation, and surgical techniques, and a review of the literature, also are presented. The average postoperative increase in combined shoulder abduction in the eleven patients was 29 degrees. However, if preoperative abduction was less than 120 degrees (five patients), the average increase in motion was 50 degrees. The average scapular lowering was 1.6 centimeters. The cosmetic results were rated as excellent or good in 82 per cent of the patients. It is significant, however, that in more than 60 per cent of the patients unsightly surgical scars developed. The importance of the often-underemphasized rotational component of Sprengel's deformity is stressed, as well as the importance of the meticulous surgical technique and attention to detail that are essential for the best results. PMID- 7026568 TI - Management of patellar malalignment. PMID- 7026569 TI - Harold Buhalts Boyd, M.D. 1904-1981. PMID- 7026570 TI - Characterization of proinsulin- and proglucagon-converting activities in isolated islet secretory granules. AB - The conversion of proglucagon and proinsulin by secretory granules isolated from both prelabeled and unlabeled anglerfish islets was investigated. Either granules isolated from tissue labeled with [3H]tryptophan and [14C]isoleucine or [35S]cysteine, or lysed granules from unlabeled tissue to which exogenously labeled prohormones had been added were incubated under various conditions. Acetic acid extracts of these granule preparations were analyzed for prohormone and hormone content by gel filtration. Both prelabeled and lysed, unlabeled secretory granules converted radiolabeled precursor peptides (Mr 8,000-15,000) to labeled insulin and glucagon. The accuracy of the cleavage process was established by demonstrating comigration of products obtained from in vitro cleavage with insulin and glucagon extracted from intact islets using electrophoresis and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The pH optimum for granule-mediated conversion was found to be in the range of pH 4.5-5.5. Conversion of both proglucagon and proinsulin by secretory granules was significantly inhibited in the presence of antipain, leupeptin, p chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) or dithiodipyridine (DDP) but not chloroquine, diisopropyl fluorophosphate, EDTA, p-nitrophenyl guanidinobenzoate, soybean trypsin inhibitor, or N-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone HCl. The inhibitory action of PCMB and DDP was reversed in the presence of dithiothreitol. Both membranous and soluble components of the secretory granules possessed significant converting activity. HPLC and electrophoretic analysis of cleavage products demonstrated that the converting activities of the membranous and soluble components were indistinguishable. The amount of inhibition of proinsulin and proglucagon conversion caused by 600 micrograms/ml porcine proinsulin was significantly lower than that caused by the same concentration of unlabeled anglerfish precursor peptides. These results indicate that the proinsulin and proglucagon converting enzyme(s) in the anglerfish pancreatic islet is a unique intracellular thiol proteinase(s) that may be granule membrane-associated and may require the presence of prohormone sequences in addition to the dibasic residues at cleavage sites for substrate recognition and/or binding. PMID- 7026571 TI - Immunofluorescence analysis of the time-course of extinction, reexpression, and activation of albumin production in rat hepatoma-mouse fibroblast heterokaryons and hybrids. AB - We have used a combination of a sensitive immunocytochemical stain for intracellular albumin, and Hoechst 33258 dye for identification of parental nuclei to investigate the time-course of extinction, reexpression, and activation of albumin production in fusion products of 1s (hyperdiploid) or 2s (hypertetradiploid) rat hepatoma cells with mouse fibroblasts (L cells or embryonic cells). In all combinations, the initial event is extinction of albumin production. Extinction occurs immediately after fusion when the mouse fibroblast is a normal embryonic (senescent?) cell. In the case of an L cell, rat albumin is synthesized and secreted during the first 12 h after fusion; no production of mouse albumin occurs. Thereafter, albumin production ceases. 8-12 d after fusion, young hybrid colonies are found to resume the synthesis of rat albumin (reexpression), and several days later the production of mouse albumin begins (activation). The patterns of reexpression and activation indicate (a) that chromosome loss is not necessary for either event to occur and (b) that the cells active in the synthesis of mouse albumin are a subpopulation of those cells already engaged in the production of rat albumin. We conclude that (a) extinction is mediated by diffusible factor(s) from the L-cell parent that act in the hepatoma nucleus to prevent the formation of new albumin messenger RNA; (b) reexpression and activation are gene dosage-dependent but extinction is not; and (c) previously active genes are more rapidly expressed than previously silent ones. PMID- 7026572 TI - In vitro uptake and processing of prezein and other maize preproteins by maize membranes. AB - A cell-free, mRNA-dependent system has been developed for the translation and processing of zein preproteins. A rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)-enriched fraction, isolated by sucrose density gradients, can be treated with micrococcal nuclease to destroy endogenous messages. When these membranes are added to a wheat germ protein-synthesizing system together with zein mRNA, synthesis and processing of the polypeptides to the mature products takes place. The RER fraction from the endosperm has a different protein composition than that prepared from either the shoot or nucellar tissue and processes prezein more efficiently. The cleavage of the preproteins appears to be a cotranslational step as the completed preprotein chains cannot be processed, although they can be taken up to a limited extent. This small uptake, or absorption, or unprocessed zein seems to be an artifact and may be related to the unusual solubility properties of zein. Finally a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-urea polyacrylamide gel system has been developed which is particularly suited for the separation of low molecular weight proteins (less than 10,000 daltons). Using this method, we examined the products of in vitro zein processing and detected no presequence polypeptides. This suggests that the zein cleavage proteinase is probably an exopeptidase. PMID- 7026573 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of vimentin in astrocytes and ependymal cells of developing and adult mouse nervous system. AB - The occurrence of vimentin, a specific intermediate filament protein, has been studied by immunoflourescence microscopy in tissue of adult and embryonic brain as well as in cell cultures from nervous tissue. By double imminofluorescence labeling, the distribution of vimentin has been compared with that of subunit proteins of other types of intermediate filaments (glial fibrillary acidic [GFA] protein, neurofilament protein, prekeratin) and other cell-type specific markers (fibronectin, tetanus toxin receptor, 04 antigen). In adult brain tissue, vimentin is found not only in fibroblasts and cells of larger blood vessels but also in ependymal cells and astrocytes. In embryonic brain tissue, vimentin is detectable as early as embryonic day 11, the earliest stage tested, and is located in radial fibers spanning the neural tube, in ventricular cells, and in blood vessels. At all stages tested, oligodendrocytes and neurons do not express detectable amounts of vimentin. In primary cultures of early postnatal mouse cerebellum, a coincident location of vimentin and GFA protein is seen in astrocytes, and both types of filament proteins are included in the perinuclear aggregates formed upon exposure of the cells to colcemid. In cerebellar cell cultures of embryonic-day-13 mice, vimentin is seen in various cell types of epithelioid or fibroblastlike morphology but is absent from cells expressing tetanus toxin receptors. Among these embryonic, vimentin-positive cells, a certain cell type reacting neither with tetanus toxin nor with antibodies to fibronectin or GFA protein has been tentatively identified as precursor to more mature astrocytes. The results show that, in the neuroectoderm, vimentin is a specific marker for astrocytes and ependymal cells. It is expressed in the mouse in astrocytes and glial precursors well before the onset of GFA protein expression and might therefore serve as an early marker of glial differentiation. Our results show that vimentin and GFA protein coexist in one cell type not only in primary cultures in vitro but also in the intact tissue in situ. PMID- 7026574 TI - Recognition of Bergmann glial and ependymal cells in the mouse nervous system by monoclonal antibody. AB - A monoclonal antibody designated anti-Cl was obtained from a hybridoma clone isolated from a fusion of NS1 myeloma with spleen cells from BALB/c mice injected with homogenate of white matter from bovine corpus callosum. In the adult mouse neuroectoderm, C1 antigen is detectable by indirect immunohistology in the processes of Bergmann glial cells (also called Golgi epithelial cells) in the cerebellum and of Muller cells in the retina, whereas other astrocytes that express glial fibrillary acidic protein in these brain areas are negative for C1. In addition, C1 antigen is expressed in most, if not all, ependymal cells and in large blood vessels, but not capillaries. In the developing, early postnatal cerebellum, C1 antigen is not confined to Bergmann glial and ependymal cells but is additionally present in astrocytes of presumptive white matter and Purkinje cell layer. In the embryonic neuroectoderm, C1 antigen is already expressed at day 10, the earliest stage tested so far. The antigen is distinguished in radially oriented structures in telencephalon, pons, pituitary anlage, and retina. Ventricular cells are not labeled by C1 antibody at this stage. C1 antigen is not detectable in astrocytes of adult or nearly adult cerebella from the neurological mutant mice staggerer, reeler, and weaver, but is present in ependymal cells and large blood vessels. C1 antigen is expressed not only in the intact animal but also in cultured cerebellar astrocytes and fibroblastlike cells. It is localized intracellularly. PMID- 7026575 TI - Sizing of protein A-colloidal gold probes for immunoelectron microscopy. AB - Gold particles in colloidal solutions often vary considerably in size. The finest sols (diameter less than 15 nm), especially, are very heterogeneous, as is indicated by coefficients of variance (CV) of 25-35%. We have complexed staphylococcal protein A with gold particles (PA/Au) and then fractionated the preparations by glycerol or sucrose gradient centrifugation into very homogeneous subfractions. In this way, PA/Au probes of almost any size between 4.5 and 15 nm could be prepared. The variation of the gold particles in these fractions resulted in CV's between 9 and 16%. The reactivity of the PA/Au complex was not affected by the gradient procedure, as was shown by single- and double-labeling immunocytochemistry of ultrathin cryosections of rat pancreatic tissue. PMID- 7026576 TI - Tubulin assembly sites and the organization of cytoplasmic microtubules in cultured mammalian cells. AB - The number, distribution, and nucleating capacity of microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) has been investigated in a variety of cultured mammalian cells. Most interphase cells contain a single MTOC that is localized at the centrosome region and corresponds to the centriole and pericentriolar material. MTOCs, like centrioles, become duplicated during the S phase of the cell cycle and are equationally distributed to daughter cells in mitosis. Multiple MTOCs were rarely observed in cultured cells except in one cell line (neuroblastoma), which also displayed an equally large number of centrioles in the cytoplasm. The kinetics of microtubule assembly and the tubulin nucleating capacity of MTOCs was assayed by incubating tubulin-depleted, permeabilized 3T3 and simian virus 40-transformed 3T3 cells with phosphocellulose-purified 65 brain tubulin and microtubule assembly buffer. Initiation and assembly of 65 tubulin occurred in association with the cells' endogenous MTOCs, and the length, number, and distribution of microtubules generated about the organizing centers were regulated and cell specific. Our results are consistent with the notion that the specification of microtubule length, number, and spatial arrangement resides largely in the MTOCs and surrounding cytoplasm and not in the tubulin subunits. PMID- 7026577 TI - Inhibitory effects of erythrocyte membrane proteins on the in vitro invasion of the human malarial parasite (Plasmodium falciparum) into its host cell. AB - The intracellular development of the erythrocytic stage of the malarial parasite (merozoite) is initiated by the attachment of the parasite to the erythrocyte surface. This paper describes an assay system to investigate Plasmodium falciparum merozoite entry into the host cell and reports on three observations regarding this interaction. (a) Merozoites do not invade human erythrocytes treated with either trypsin or neuraminidase, and both enzymes partially cleave glycophorin A, the major erythrocyte surface sialoglycoprotein. (b) A membrane protein fraction containing glycophorin A will, at low concentrations, inhibit the invasion of isolated merozoites into erythrocytes; no other fractions of membrane proteins have appreciable effects on the reinvasion. (c) Merozoites do not reinvade erythrocytes preincubated with F ab' fragments of antibody prepared against glycophorin A. Together, these three observations imply a role for glycophorin A in the attachment of the malarial parasite to the erythrocyte surface. PMID- 7026578 TI - Cytoplasmic actin in postsynaptic structures at the neuromuscular junction. AB - We used an antibody prepared against Aplysia (mollusc) body-wall actin that specifically reacts with certain forms of cytoplasmic actin in mammalian cells to probe for the presence of actin at the neuromuscular junction. Immunocytochemical studies showed that actin or an actinlike molecule is concentrated at neuromuscular junctions of normal and denervated adult rat muscle fibers. Actin is present at the neuromuscular junctions of fibers of developing diaphragm muscles as early as embryonic day 18, well before postsynaptic folds are formed. These results suggest that cytoplasmic actin may play a role in the clustering or stabilization of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. PMID- 7026580 TI - Precursor of mast cells fixed in the skin of mice. AB - The presence and origin of mast-cell precursors fixed in the skin tissue of mice were investigated. Giant granules of beige (C57BL/6-bh'/bg', Chediak-Higashi syndrome) mice were used to distinguish different populations of mast cells. Pieces of the skin were grafted from the intact WBB6F1 (WB X C57BL/6)F1-+/+ mice into the back of the WBB6F1-+/+ mice which had been irradiated and injected with bone marrow cells of C57BL/6-bg'/bg'leads to +/+ chimeras). Although the number of mast cells in the skin grafts decreased after the transplantation, the mast cell precursors circulating in the bloodstream of bg'/bg' leads to +/+ chimeras (bg'/bg' type) did not seem to enter into the skin grafts, because most of mast cells were of +/+ type after the recovery of mast-cell number to pregrafting levels. As a considerable proportion of +/+-type mast cells was labeled with 3H thymidine, the recovery of mast-cell number in the grafts was attributed to the proliferation and differentiation of +/+-type precursor cells fixed in the skin tissue of the donor. On the other hand, the skin of WBB6F1-W/Wv mice seemed to be depleted of fixed precursors, because most of mast cells were of bg'/bg'-type in skin grafted from WBB6F1-W/Wv mice to bgJ/bgJ leads to +/+ chimeras. Since the fixed precursor cells which proliferate and differentiate into mast cells after skin grafting may be transferred to WBB6F1-W/Wv mice by bone marrow transplantation, such precursor cells seem to have been derived from the bone marrow. PMID- 7026579 TI - Vimentin: a phosphoprotein under hormonal regulation. AB - Past studies of norepinephrine-stimulated protein phosphorylation in intact C-6 glioma cells had identified a 58,000 molecular weight, 5.7 isoelectric point protein (58K-5.7) as a cyclic AMP-dependent phosphoprotein and had shown that 58K 5.7 was one of the most abundant proteins of the nuclear fraction. Initial experiments of present studies showed that the 58K-5.7 protein remained with the nuclear ghost, or matrix structure, after removal of chromatin. Based on the size, acidity, abundance, nonsolubilization by nonionic detergent and salt, and solubilization by urea, the hypothesis was advanced that the 58K-5.7 protein was the vimentin-type intermediate filament protein. The hypothesis was tested by two types of immunochemical experiments. Antisera against hamster vimentin reacted selectively with only the 58K-5.7 protein in polyacrylamide gels of urea solubilized cellular residues (i.e., nonionic detergent and 0.6 M salt-insoluble material) as determined by immunoautoradiography. Antisera against the pure 58K 5.7 protein of C-6 cells bound selectively to a fibrous array of cellular material typical of vimentin filaments as determined by indirect immunofluorescence. It is concluded that the 58K-5.7 protein is vimentin. PMID- 7026581 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum. A new case and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026583 TI - Leo Kanner, M.D.--1894-1981. PMID- 7026582 TI - [Compared results of flail chests treatments : standard internal pneumatic stabilization, new technics of assisted ventilation, osteosynthesis (author's transl)]. AB - The analysis of 170 cases of flail chests, divide into three groups according to the type of treatment, proves the efficiency of the new technics of assisted ventilation and of the osteosynthesis by Judet clasps. The most significant advantages of those two complementary methods are a lowered mortality rate and a reduced frequency of refractory hypoxy and infectious complications. PMID- 7026584 TI - Chromatography in studies of quantitative structure-activity relationships. AB - The rational bases, experimental techniques and conditions required for the chromatographic determination of the structural data of importance for studies on quantitative relationships between chemical structure and biological activity of drugs (QSAR) are reviewed. Practical applications of the information gathered from various chromatographic modes in correlation with bioactivity data are discussed. PMID- 7026585 TI - Active and inactive renin in low renin states: studies in human plasma. AB - Low PRA and active renin (AR) may be accompanied by low inactive renin (IR), indicating impaired renin production, or by normal or elevated IR, suggesting defective conversion to AR. To explore these possibilities, plasma AR and IR (acid activation method) were measured in normal volunteers and in patients with low PRA. All low renin states showed significant low PRA and AR when compared to normals; on the other hand, IR was 11.8 +/- 1.1 ng/ml.h in normals; low in primary aldosteronism (2.1 +/- 0.5 ng/ml.h) and anephric subjects; normal in low renin essential hypertension (7.5 +/- 1.3 ng/ml.h), nondiabetic hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism (9.4 +/- 1.6 ng/ml.h) and diabetic hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism (17.3 +/- 2.5 ng/ml.h); and significantly elevated in diabetics with nephropathy (21.0 +/- 1.6 ng/ml.h). The acute iv infusion of 2 liters saline in normal subjects did not decrease IR (11.8 +/- 2.0 vs. 13.0 +/- 1.8 ng/ml.h) despite a reduction in PRA and AR of 50-75%. These data indicate that in cases of primary aldosteronism and in anephric subjects both AR and IR are decreased, suggesting a decrease in total renal synthesis or release, whereas in low renin essential hypertension, nondiabetic hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, diabetic hyporeninemic aldosteronism, and diabetics with nephropathy AR is low and IR is normal or high, suggesting the possibility of impaired conversion to AR. PMID- 7026586 TI - Detection and characterization of small midregion parathyroid hormone fragment(s) in normal and hyperparathyroid glands and sera by immunoextraction and region specific radioimmunoassays. PMID- 7026587 TI - Plasma epinephrine disturbances in diabetic subjects during standing and after isometric exercise. AB - Effects of isometric exercise on plasma norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and related factors (mean +/- SE) were studied in 10 healthy, insulin-dependent diabetic subjects and 10 matched control adults. Measurements were obtained after 30 min of bedrest and sequentially during 10 min of upright posture and 5 min of handgrip and after 15 min of rest while still upright. In control and diabetic groups, respectively, basal plasma NE (180 +/- 22 vs. 169 +/- 27 pg/ml) and E (24 +/- 4 vs. 33 +/- 8 pg/ml) as well as heart rate and mean blood pressure did not differ. However, E responses to standing and recovery from isometric exercise in diabetic subjects significantly exceeded control values 2-fold (P less than 0.05) and were accompanied by exaggerated increases in heart rate (P less than 0.05); whereas NE, mean blood pressure, plasma GH, and glucagon profiles during all periods were not significantly different. Exaggerated E responses in diabetic patients were associated with plasma glucose increments above resting values during grip and recovery of 21 and 41 mg/dl, respectively; slightly though significantly higher plasma cortisol responses, and low, fixed concentrations of plasma insulin. These findings contrasted to corresponding glucose increments in control subjects of only 3-4 mg/dl and a 2-fold rise in plasma insulin during recovery. It is concluded that E disturbances in this diabetic group after standing and isometric exercise are physiologically linked to abnormal increments in heart rate and plasma glucose concentrations. These observations suggest that altered E, as opposed to NE, may represent an early defect of the sympathoadrenal system in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7026588 TI - Lack of response of nonsuppressible insulin-like activity to short term administration of human growth hormone in thalassemia major. AB - We have recently demonstrated that nonsuppressible insulin-like activity (NSILA S) is very low or undetectable in beta-thalassemia major. The mechanism for this deficiency has been proposed to result from a defect at the GH receptor level or at a site distal to the receptor in the pathway leading to NSILA-S generation. To study this proposal further, the NSILA-S response to exogenous human GH (hGH) was assessed in six affected subjects (aged 12-20 yr), four of whom were on or below the third percentile for height and three of whom were prepubertal. On the basis of immunoreactive and receptor-active hGH responses to exercise, GH deficiency as a primary cause of low NSILA-S levels was essentially ruled out in five of the six patients. hGH (5 mg) was administered im daily for 3 days. Bioassayable NSILA S failed to rise normally in response to the exogenous hGH in four of the six subjects. In the other two, a limited response was seen only on day 4, reaching 54% and 29%, respectively, of the mean peak response in normal adults. The impaired production of NSILA-S in thalassemia major thus appears to be due to hGH insensitivity and not to a biologically inactive endogenous hGH molecule. These results confirm that the site of the defect may therefore be at the membrane receptor for hGH or at a subsequent step in the NSILA-S synthetic pathway, perhaps related to excessive hepatic iron deposition. These results also suggest that in subjects where the defect is partial, treatment of their short stature with hGH may be beneficial. PMID- 7026589 TI - The effects on mineral metabolism of overnight growth hormone infusion in growth hormone deficiency. PMID- 7026590 TI - Suppressor T lymphocyte dysfunction in Graves' disease: role of the H-2 histamine receptor-bearing suppressor T lymphocytes. AB - The allo-suppressor effect of normal T lymphocytes on the production of migration inhibition factor by sensitized T lymphocytes of Graves' disease in response to human thyroid antigen has been studied further by a modified migration inhibition factor test employing purified T lymphocyte preparations. The production of migration inhibition factor was consistently abolished when normal T lymphocytes were mixed with the Graves' disease lymphocytes in various ratios (1:9, 2:8, and 5:5). However, pretreatment of the normal T lymphocytes with cimetidine (an H-2 histamine receptor antagonist) led to a demonstrable loss in their allo suppressor properties, whereas pretreatment with chlorpheniramine (an H-1 histamine receptor antagonist) had no such effect. These studies indicate that a subset of normal T lymphocytes bearing H-2 histamine receptors suppresses the production or release of migration inhibition factor by sensitized T lymphocytes, and further suggest the possibility that there may be an abnormality in the H-2 receptors on Graves' disease suppressor T lymphocytes. It is conceivable that this defect is fundamental in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. PMID- 7026591 TI - Plasma cryoactivated renin and active renin in diabetes mellitus. AB - PRA and the inactive renin which is activated by cold (IR-C) were studied in a group of normal subjects and in patients with diabetes mellitus with and without the presence of nephropathy. The amount of renin activity, as measured after incubation of plasma at -5 C for 4 days, was called cold renin activity (CR. PRA was measured by a standard method. The difference between CR and PRA was used as a measure of IR-C. CR and PRA measurements were made on a normal salt diet, on a low salt diet, and after the administration of furosemide. In all three groups, CR and PRA were higher after salt depletion and following the administration of furosemide. A moderate but significant increase in IR-C was observed with these maneuvers in both groups of diabetes but not in normals. PRA and IR-C varied under different experimental conditions independent of each other. Although both PRA and IR-C were correlated with CR, no correlation was observed between PRA and IR-C. These findings suggest, although they do not prove, that the inactive renin is not a precursor of active renin. CR and IR-C were not significantly different between groups. PRA in patients with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus was normal or slightly high, whereas it was suppressed in patients with diabetes mellitus and nephropathy. The mechanism of suppressed PRA in patients with diabetes mellitus is not clear and may be related to the onset of renal disease itself. PMID- 7026593 TI - Differential modulation of human chorionic gonadotropin secretion by epidermal growth factor in normal and malignant placental cultures. AB - The ability of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to modulate the secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in both normal and malignant placental cells was compared. Receptors for EGF were present on the JAr line of choriocarcinoma cells and were localized to the trophoblast cells of normal placental organ cultures as detected by immunofluorescence. Despite the presence of EGF receptors, the normal placenta did not respond to EGF by significantly increasing its levels of hCG production. The JAr line of choriocarcinoma exhibited a 2-fold increase in hCG secretion after the addition of EGF. EGF stimulated growth in the JAr cells, as measured by the protein content of the cultures, but did not elevate the incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine in either the JAr cells or placental organ cultures. PMID- 7026592 TI - Genetic and pathophysiologic studies of a new kindred with glucocorticoid suppressible hyperaldosteronism manifest in three generations. AB - This report describes investigations in a new kindred with dexamethasone suppressible hyperaldosteronism affecting three successive generations. The presumptive diagnosis was first made in a 7-yr-old boy and led to the identification of the disorder in his mother and grandmother. Several other members of the family were investigated. Genotyping and HLA typing were also performed. To further explore the nature of this unusual disorder, urine from the three patients documented to have the syndrome was assayed for an aldosterone stimulating factor recently reported to be found in patients with idiopathic aldosteronism. None of these patients showed measurable activity of such a urinary factor. The identification of members in three generations strongly supports the heritable nature of the disorder and probable autosomal dominant type of transmission. The absence of urinary aldosterone-stimulating factor in these patients further supports the tenet that the disorder is pathogenetically distinct from idiopathic aldosteronism, since both disorders are usually associated with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 7026594 TI - Endogenous hydrocortisone, a possible factor contributing to the genesis of cushingoid habitus in patients on prednisone. AB - To establish if the cushingoid habitus in patients taking prednisone is associated with relatively high total or free prednisolone and low endogenous hydrocortisone concentrations in plasma, 15 stable renal transplant patients and 12 patients treated with prednisone for oral mucocutaneous vesiculo-erosive diseases were investigated. After the patients' usual prednisone doses, the areas under the plasma concentration time curve of total and free prednisolone were not different when the 14 patients without cushingoid appearance were compared to the 13 patients with cushingoid appearance. Patients with cushingoid habitus more frequently exhibited peak hydrocortisone levels within the normal range (6 of 14 vs. 1 of 13) and had higher areas under the plasma concentration time curve of hydrocortisone (median, range), i.e. 2672 ng/ml.min (0-21, 637 ng/ml.min) vs. 308 ng/ml.min (0-12, 495 ng/ml.min) compared to those without cushingoid appearance (P less than 0.05). These results indicate that pharmacokinetic differences of prednisone do not explain the presence or absence of cushingoid habitus and that there is an association between cushingoid habitus and endogenous hydrocortisone levels. PMID- 7026595 TI - Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in aplastic anemia treated with oxymetholone. AB - Because of a suspected association between the drug oxymetholone and abnormal glucose metabolism, we determined immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance testing in seven patients with aplastic anemia, six of whom received oxymetholone therapy. All patients receiving oxymetholone therapy had abnormal glucose and/or IRI values. This finding was independent of GH, cortisol, and glucagon. In one patient, glucose and IRI levels were normal before oxymetholone but became abnormally elevated after the use of this drug. Furthermore, normal glucose and IRI values were present in the single patient not receiving oxymetholone. Thus, a positive relationship was demonstrated between oxymetholone administration and the presence of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. PMID- 7026596 TI - Arginine vasopressin response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in man. AB - Insulin-induced hypoglycemia causes an increase in plasma vasopressin concentration in man and rat. To assess the mechanism by which this occurs, the effect of hypoglycemia was studied in healthy adults. After insulin injection, a 7-fold rise in plasma immunoreactive arginine vasopressin to 8.2 +/- 3.6 pg/ml was observed in 10 normal subjects. This was associated with a rise in plasma sodium of 2 meq/liter, but no significant change in mean arterial pressure or hematocrit was observed. The significance of the plasma sodium rise was assessed by observing the vasopressin response to hypoglycemia in a patient shown previously to have a selective loss of the vasopressin response to osmotic stimulation. His plasma vasopressin rose from 1.6 to 12.5 pg/ml with no fall in blood pressure or volume. beta-Adrenergic blockade with propranolol before repeat insulin-induced hypoglycemia did not reduce the vasopressin response (peak plasma vasopressin, 8.1 +/- 1.7 pg/ml), despite suppression of PRA. Linear regression analysis showed that the rise in plasma vasopressin and the percentage decline in plasma glucose correlated significantly (r = 0.57, P less than 0.001). In conclusion, hypoglycemia releases vasopressin nonosmotically by a mechanism that appears to be independent of factors currently known to effect vasopressin secretion. PMID- 7026597 TI - Detection of Salmonella infections by polyvalent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM were measured for individual Salmonella species by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). F344 rats were experimentally infected with Salmonella typhimurium (serogroup B), S. enteritidis (serogroup D), and S. rubislaw (serogroup G.) Endotoxin extracted from each serogroup served as the antigen in a classical indirect ELISA. Antibody specific for each Salmonella serogroup was detected by ELISA. Normal gut flora from control animals appeared not to cause cross-reactions in the ELISA. Specificity and sensitivity of the IgG ELISA were determined by statistically evaluating false-positives and false-negatives. Ideal values of 90% or better were achieved in nearly all instances. Each antigen was also tested with heterologous antisera in an effort to develop a polyvalent assay for Salmonella species. No single antigen detected all positive heterologous antisera. Therefore, a polyvalent antigen composed of the three serogroup antigens was tested. The results suggested that Salmonella infections can be detected by measuring serum IgG levels with a polyvalent ELISA 6 to 9 days postinfection. PMID- 7026598 TI - Enzymatic characterization of some oral and nonoral gram-negative bacteria with the API ZYM system. AB - The API ZYM system (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.), containing 19 chromogenic substrates, was utilized semiquantitatively to detect extracellular acid and alkaline phosphatases, aminopeptidases, proteases, esterase-lipase, phosphoamidase, and glycosidases in 128 oral and nonoral isolates of black pigmented Bacteroides, Actinobacillus, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Wolinella recta, and Veillonella parvula. In the black pigmented Bacteroides group of organisms, a strong trypsin reaction was present in Bacteroides gingivalis (oral species) but not in Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (nonoral species). Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus, in contrast to Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius, exhibited strong N acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity. H. aphrophilus produced beta-galactosidase and alpha-glucosidase, but the closely related Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans did not. Capnocytophaga was distinct with respect to strong aminopeptidase reactions. This study showed that a wide range of enzymes which have the potential of causing tissue injury and inflammation can be elaborated from major oral gram-negative species. Also, the API ZYM system appears to be a valuable adjunct to traditional biochemical testing in identifying oral gram negative species. PMID- 7026599 TI - Rapid identification by the Micro-ID system of Enterobacteriaceae detected by urine screening. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that organisms detected by urine screening can be processed for rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing directly from urine or urine screening broth. In the present study, an improved method for processing such specimens was evaluated. Organisms were harvested by centrifugation from positive urine screening broth, and inocula were prepared for rapid identification by the Micro-ID system and rapid susceptibility testing by the Autobac system. Nearly 2,500 urine specimens were analyzed by urine screening, and 206 specimens had significant growth of gram-negative, oxidase negative bacilli. These organisms, prepared by the centrifugation procedure, were identified and tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. For comparison, identifications by the Micro-ID system and antimicrobial susceptibility tests by the Autobac system were performed on the same organisms the next day with inocula prepared from colonies growing from standard urine cultures. The results demonstrated that 95% of the organisms were correctly identified by this procedure, and susceptibility testing by the rapid method gave results in 94% agreement with the standard method. These results demonstrate that organisms detected by urine screening can be accurately identified and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility after centrifugation from urine screening broth. This system provides a practical procedure or same-day reporting of urine culture results. PMID- 7026600 TI - Serotyping Cryptococcus neoformans by immunofluorescence. AB - Four serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans designated A, B, C, and D are currently recognized. Although an agglutination test is most often used to serotype C. neoformans in cultures, this test is not appropriate for typing the fungus in fixed tissues. A study to prepare fluorescent-antibody reagents for typing C. neoformans in cultures and to determine whether they can be used to type this fungus in fixed tissues was carried out. Antisera to one strain belonging to each of the four serotypes were prepared in rabbits by intravenous injection of whole Formalin-killed cryptococci. Each antiserum was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and then adsorbed with cells of each of the heterologous serotypes. The adsorbed conjugates were then tested against six serotype A isolates and five isolates of each of the other three serotypes. Labeled serotype A or D antiserum adsorbed with either B or C cells stained the A and D, but not the B or C, isolates. Labeled serotype B antiserum adsorbed with A cells stained the B and C, but not the A or D, isolates. Labeled A antiserum absorbed with D cells differentiated A from D; labeled C antiserum absorbed with B cells differentiated C from B. Of the 21 test isolates, 17 could be serotyped in paraffin sections of tissues of experimentally infected mice. PMID- 7026601 TI - Clinical evaluation of the rapid carbohydrate degradation microtube method for identification of Neisseria species. AB - The rapid carbohydrate degradation (Carr Microbiologicals Wichita, Kans.) microtube method is a new test system designed for the identification of Neisseria spp. The system consists of four microtubes containing different carbohydrates in a peptone-Bitone basal medium. This method was evaluated for accuracy and speed in identifying species of Neisseria. Of the 386 clinical isolates used in this study, 98.4% were correctly identified to species level in 4 h with the rapid carbohydrate degradation system; parallel testing of the same isolates with conventional cystine-tryptic agar resulted in 96.1% accuracy in 48 h. PMID- 7026602 TI - Preliminary evaluation of the autoSCAN-3, an instrument for automated reading an interpretation of microdilution trays: identification of aerobic gram-negative bacilli. AB - The autoSCAN-3, an instrument for the automated reading and interpretation of Microscan microdilution trays, was evaluated for its ability to identify gram negative bacilli. The results obtained by the visual reading of microdilution trays were compared with the results obtained with the machine. A total 387 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenters were compared by both methods. In 369 instances (95%), the identification obtained by visual reading of the microdilution tray agreed with the identification obtained with the autoSCAN 3. In eight instances, the visual identification differed completely from that of the machine, and in nine cases, the machine was unable to provide an identification. PMID- 7026603 TI - Influence of media on temperature-dependent motility test for Yersinia enterocolitica. AB - The influence of six widely used media on the motility of 100 isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica grown at 25 and 37 degrees C was investigated. Seven isolates were motile at 25 and 37 degrees C in all media, and the presence of flagellated cells was demonstrated by a flagellum stain. Six isolates were nonmotile at both temperatures in all media, and no flagella were observed. Identification schemes for Y. enterocolitica should reflect these possibilities. PMID- 7026604 TI - Effect of refrigeration on inoculated Micro-ID strips. AB - Since reading results after 4 h with the Micro-ID system is not always convenient, a study of 500 isolates indicated that identification at the species level is essentially unchanged when inoculated strips are refrigerated overnight and then incubated or incubated and then refrigerated overnight before reading. PMID- 7026605 TI - Relationship and significance of specific immunoglobulin M antibody response in clinical and subclinical melioidosis. AB - Thirty-six hospitalized patients with circulating antibody to pseudomonas pseudomallei were classified as having either clinical or subclinical melioidosis after full clinical examinations and supplementary radiological and culture investigations. Qualitative estimations of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody response were determined by complement fixation, indirect hemagglutination, and immunofluorescence, and the estimations were correlated with the clinical findings in each patient. An attempt was made to appraise the importance of IgM antibody, as determined by each test, in establishing the diagnosis of clinical melioidosis. Results obtained from serological tests were of no value in differentiating between active and latent infections. However, the IgM immunofluorescent test appeared to be relevant to the diagnosis of clinical melioidosis, since the presence and absence of IgM-immunofluorescent antibody bore a close relation to clinical and subclinical disease, respectively. Surveillance studies indicated that the IgM-immunofluorescent test may be of value in monitoring the activity and treatment of the infection, since the results of the test were generally negative 3 to 6 months after administration of chemotherapy appropriate for melioidosis. PMID- 7026606 TI - Clinical laboratory evaluation of the automicrobic system Enterobacteriaceae biochemical card. AB - The AutoMicrobic System Enterobacteriaceae Biochemical Card (AMS-EBC; Vitek Systems, Inc.) was evaluated in two clinical microbiology laboratories. A total of 502 consecutive clinical isolates representing members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were tested in parallel with the AMS-EBC, API 20E, and Enterotube II systems. Discrepancies between systems were resolved with the conventional methods of Edwards and Ewing (P. R. Edwards and W. H. Ewing [ed.], Identification of Enterobacteriaceae, 1972) and Ewing and Martin (W. H. Ewing and W. J. Martin, in Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 1974) AMS-EBC correctly identified 96.6% and incorrectly identified 3.4% of the isolates. When 12 or more isolates of a species were evaluated, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, and Enterobacter cloacae posed the greatest challenge to the systems, with 92.6, 95.2, and 95.3%, respectively, being correctly identified. To confirm the accuracy of identification when all systems agreed, 93 randomly selected isolates were identified by conventional methods. The percent agreement was 100%. The reproducibility of triplicate determinations on 93 randomly selected isolates with the AMS-EBC was 99.6%. The AMS-EBC was found to be an easy, rapid, and accurate method for identification of Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 7026607 TI - Comparison of a slide blood culture system with a supplemented peptone broth culture method. AB - A slide blood culture system (Roche Diagnostics, Div. Hoffman-La Roche, Inc., Montreal, Canada; Roche BCB) was compared with a supplemented peptone broth Vacutainer method (Becton, Dickinson & Co., Rutherford, N.J.) on blood samples taken from the same 1,209 patients. Significantly more clinically important isolates were isolates with the Roche BCB system, and technical processing time was reduced. However, significantly more contaminants were isolated with the Roche BCB system, and it could not readily be adapted for anaerobic culture. Contamination was reduced by careful tightening of the slide to the bottle top to prevent any leakage. Overall, the BCB system is a satisfactory method for aerobic blood culture, markedly reducing technical processing time relative to most other blood culture methods. PMID- 7026608 TI - Evaluation of the Repliscan II System for identification of Enterobacteriaceae. AB - In a precious report (Woolfrey et al., J Clin. Microbiol. 13:58-61, 1981), we indicated that the Repliscan system did not reliably identify Enterobacteriaceae. Recent improvements in the system prompted us to evaluate Repliscan II (Cathra International, Inc., St. Paul, Minn.) by using representative isolates of the population sample previously used to test the system. Isolates (692) representing eight genera were identified in parallel by the Repliscan II and API 20E (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) systems. Isolates given different identifications by the two systems were assigned reference identifications by using classical microbiological methods. Repliscan II identified 95.2% correctly, 4.0% incorrectly, and 0.7% as unknown. API 20E identified 99.4% correctly, 0.6% incorrectly, and none as unknown. Repliscan II correctly identified Salmonella and Shigella spp. to the genus level and isolates of six other genera to the species level as follows: Salmonella spp., 100%; Shigella spp., 97.7%; Escherichia spp., 95.2%; Citrobacter spp., 82.1%; Enterobacter spp., 85.2%; Klebsiella spp., 98.6%; Proteus spp., 97.2%; and Serratia spp., 97.9%. These findings indicate that Repliscan II is a significantly improved system and provides acceptable identification of Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 7026609 TI - Improved streptococcal grouping antisera containing polyethylene glycol. AB - Antisera to streptococcal groups A through G containing 4% polyethylene glycol 6000 were prepared and evaluated. Seventy strains of homologous and heterologous beta- and non-beta-hemolytic streptococci were included in the evaluation. Homologous reactions were determined against extracts prepared by four extraction methods: hot hydrochloric acid (Lancefield) extraction, autoclave extraction, hot formamide extraction, and nitrous acid extraction. Enhancement of the precipitin reaction in the presence of polyethylene glycol 6000 permitted a fourfold dilution of all antisera for use in the capillary precipitin test. At this dilution, the potency of the antisera exceeded requirements established for these reagents. PMID- 7026610 TI - Specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility among the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test, the microhemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum antibodies, and the hemagglutination treponemal test for syphilis. AB - Using 920 sera, we compared the specificity and reproducibility of the hemagglutination treponemal test for syphilis with those of the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test and the microhemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum antibodies; we found all three tests to be comparable. However, the hemagglutination treponemal test for syphilis, like the microhemagglutination assay for T. pallidum antibodies, lacked sensitivity in sera from patients with primary syphilis. PMID- 7026611 TI - Comparison between a modified counterimmunoelectrophoresis test and the indirect fluorescent-antibody test for detection of antibodies to rabies virus in human sera. AB - The correlation between the modified counterimmunoelectrophoresis test and the indirect fluorescent-antibody test for detecting rabies virus antibodies in human sera was studied, using as a reference the standard mouse neutralization test. Higher sensitivity was observed with the counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique than with the indirect fluorescent-antibody method. The counterimmunoelectrophoresis test provides a practical quantitative alternative to the indirect fluorescent-antibody method. PMID- 7026612 TI - Nonliquid reagent for detecting nitrate reduction. AB - A nonliquid reagent for detecting nitrate reduction is described. The reagent contains N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride as a substitute for the carcinogenic alpha-naphthylamine. The reagent was tested on 135 strains and gave reliable results. PMID- 7026613 TI - Prevalence of Cryptosporidium antibodies in 10 animal species. AB - Antibodies to cryptosporidium were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in over 80% of sera from 10 animal species, including humans. PMID- 7026614 TI - Pathogenic effects of bullous pemphigoid autoantibodies on rabbit corneal epithelium. AB - Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is associated with circulating autoantibodies reactive with an antigen(s) of the basement membrane zone (BMZ) of skin and mucosae. The pathogenicity of these autoantibodies, although suspected, is unconfirmed. We have investigated the effects of BP autoantibodies on a closely related tissue, the corneal epithelium of the rabbit. IgG fractions from the sera of seven patients with BP were purified by (a) ammonium sulfate precipitation, (b) ion exchange chromatography, or (c) gel filtration. Control IgG was prepared by ion exchange chromatography of pooled normal human gamma globulins. 32 rabbits received corneal intrastromal injections of BP IgG fractions (50 microliter, 0.95 2.05 mg total dose) in one eye, and control IgG (50 microliter, 1.8 mg) in the contralateral cornea. 28 of 32 BP IgG injections produced corneal inflammatory lesions, 10 of which developed visible blisters. Histologically, lesions showed polymorphonuclear cells clustering along the BMZ, and subepithelial blister formation. Immunofluorescence showed in vivo bound IgG and C3 at the BMZ. The intensity of inflammation was dose dependent and correlated often with in vitro complement fixation titers of the fractions. None of 32 corneas injected with control IgG became inflamed. BP IgG fractions injected intradermally into the ear skin of rabbits failed to produce inflammation. This may be due to slow clearance of IgG in the cornea, and optimal binding by the corneal epithelium. The intracorneal injections of BP IgG reproduce the clinical, histological, and immunological features of BP. This study provides evidence that BP autoantibodies are pathogenic. PMID- 7026616 TI - Mechanism of the postreceptor defect in insulin action in human obesity. Decrease in glucose transport system activity. AB - We have studied insulin-stimulated 3-O-methyl glucose transport by isolated adipocytes prepared from 10 normal and 11 obese individuals. The results demonstrated that the insulin-glucose transport dose-response curves were shifted to the right in cells from the obese patients, and that the magnitude of this rightward shift was significantly correlated to the reduction in adipocyte insulin receptors in individual subjects (r = 0.48, P less than 0.01). In three obese patients a rightward shift in the dose-response curve could be demonstrated and there was no decrease in maximal insulin effect. This corresponded to in vivo glucose clamp results showing only a rightward shift in the insulin dose-response curve for overall glucose disposal in these three subjects (1980. J. Clin. Invest. 65: 1272-1284). In the remaining eight obese patients, the in vitro glucose transport studies showed not only a rightward shift in the dose-response curves but also a marked decrease in basal and maximally insulin-stimulated rates of transport, indicating a postreceptor defect in insulin action. Again, this was consistent with the in vivo glucose clamp studies demonstrating a marked postreceptor defect in these individuals. In conclusion, these results indicate that the mechanism of the postreceptor defect in insulin action, which exists in many obese patients, is related to a decrease in the activity of the glucose transport effector system. PMID- 7026615 TI - Inhibitors of monocyte responses to chemotaxins are present in human cancerous effusions and react with monoclonal antibodies to the P15(E) structural protein of retroviruses. AB - Individuals with cancer have previously been shown to have abnormal chemotactic responsiveness. Surgical removal of the tumor often resulted in normalization of monocyte function, which suggests that human neoplasms might inhibit monocyte chemotaxis by release of soluble mediators. We therefore examined the effects of cancerous effusions on monocyte polarization, i.e., the rapid change in monocyte morphology from round to a triangular "motile" configuration in response to chemoattractants. All 17 malignant effusions, representing 15 tumor types, inhibited monocyte polarization induced by the chemoattractant N-formyl-methionyl leucyl-phenylalanine by 45-89% (mean 55.9 +/- 12.7%, P less than 0.01) in blinded assays. None of 17 benign effusions signigicantly inhibited polarization (0-15%, mean 6.2 +/- 4.2%). Dilutions of cancerous effusions as low as 1:200 produced inhibition that was time, temperature, and dose dependent . Monocyte polarization induced by activated serum or by chemotactic lymphokine was also blocked by cancerous effusions. The inhibitory activity affected the monocyte directly, and did not destroy the chemoattractant or block the polarization of granulocytes to chemotactic factors. High pressure liquid chromatography of five cancerous fluids revealed three peaks of inhibitory activity: greater than or equal to 200,000, 46,000 +/- 13,000, and 21,000 +/- 3,000 daltons. Fractionation of noncancerous effusions revealed only small amounts of the highest molecular weight inhibitory activity. The inhibitory activity in cancerous effusion was heat stable (56 degrees C, 30 min), trypsin sensitive, and could be absorbed by three different monoclonal antibodies reactive to P15(E), a structural component of type C retroviruses. In contrast, six monoclonal antibodies with other specificities had no effect on the inhibitors of polarization. This study demonstrates that human cancerous effusions contain novel proteins that are potent inhibitors of monocyte function and that are recognized by antibodies reactive to the P15(E) component of retroviruses. By producing such factors, tumor cells may subvert monocyte mediated surveillance. PMID- 7026617 TI - Decreased sensitivity of old and progeric human fibroblasts to a preparation of factors with insulinlike activity. AB - To determine whether old cells have a reduced response to a preparation of factors from human plasma with insulinlike activity (ILA), we analyzed the response to ILA of early and late passage human fibroblasts from young, old, and progeric donors in the acute stimulation of [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose (2dG) uptake and the delayed stimulation of [3H]thymidine (TdR) incorporation into DNA. The ILA concentration required to produce equivalent, relative stimulation of TdR incorporation was increased two- to three-fold in late passage cells and cells from old and progeric donors (P less than 0.01). 50 and 95% of maximal stimulation (ILA50, ILA95) was achieved by 0.26 +/- 0.07 and 1.38 +/- 0.13 ng insulin equivalents/ml (mean +/- SD) respectively, in cells from young adults at early passage. Corresponding values were 0.54 +/- 0.05 and 2.90 +/- 0.25 in cells from old donors; greater than 0.9 +/- 0.1 and greater than 3.1 +/- 0.1 in cells from a 9-yr-old progeric donor; and 0.4 +/- 0.05 and 1.1 +/- 0.04 in cells from normal children (9-13 yr). For two cell strains from young adults, ILA50 and ILA95 were 0.30 +/- 0.02 and 1.0 +/- 0.3 ng eq/ml at 30% of their in vitro lifespan completed (%LC) and these values increased at rates of 0.005 ng eq/ml per %LC and 0.04 ng eq/ml per %LC, respectively. The mean stimulation of 2dG uptake ratio (ILA/control) decreased from early to late passage from 2.1 +/- 0.6 to 1.3 +/- 0.1 in young adult donors (P less than 0.05), but there were no significant differences between young and old donors at either early or late passage. The mean stimulation ratio in progeric cells (1.2 +/- 0.2) did not change with in vitro passage, but was significantly lower than that of age matched normal cells (2.1 +/- 0.8, P less than 0.001). In progeria cells, the reduced stimulation of 2dG uptake upon addition of ILA was due to an increased basal rate of uptake (0.19 +/- 0.01 pmol [3H]2dG/min per mg protein vs. 0.13 +/- 0.01 in age-matched normal cells), and not to a decline in the maximal rate of uptake (0.26 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.27 +/- 0.02, respectively). Similar results were found for in vitro aging in cells from an old donor. PMID- 7026618 TI - C-peptide-measurement: a simple method for the improvement of specificity. AB - Sera containing insulin antibodies and proinsulin give artifactual high readings in C-Peptide measurement. This problem can be circumvented by the removal of antibodies and proinsulin prior to C-Peptide assay. A method is described which enables the removal of antibodies and proinsulin from sera without affecting the C-Peptide determination. Furthermore, this method allows a semiquantitative estimation of proinsulin, provided there is enough cross reactivity of the C Peptide antibody with proinsulin. PMID- 7026619 TI - A standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infections on single serum dilutions was developed. This test system is a standardized kit designed to detect circulating specific antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in human sera. It consists of Toxoplasma gondii soluble antigen-coated microtitration multiwell plates, specific immunoglobulin-enzyme conjugate and other required reagents. In a clinical trial performed on sera from 1,035 clinically suspected toxoplasmosis cases, the Sabin Feldman Dye Test (SFDT) and this ELISA system agreed closely. Relative to the SFDT, the sensitivity and specificity of the latter was 98.0% and 97.6% respectively with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. In a further study of 121 sera, the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT), the Indirect Haemagglutination Test (IHAT) and this ELISA procedure showed over 90% agreement, with correlation coefficient of 0.98 and 0.95 respectively. Within the working concentration of specific antibody to T. gondii in human serum, there was a linear relationship between the ELISA values and the WHO international standard for human anti-Toxoplasma serum. PMID- 7026620 TI - Immune response of mice, rabbits and cattle to inactivated Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies Mycoides vaccines containing adjuvants. PMID- 7026621 TI - Periarteritis in experimental border disease of sheep. III. Immunopathological observations. PMID- 7026622 TI - The nosology of parapsoriasis. AB - Parapsoriasis is a group of uncommon but not rare disorders that was created in 1902 as part of a now long forgotten scheme to classify all inflammatory dermatoses. This artificial grouping has led to an enormously confused nosology of these disorders, that are, for the most part, otherwise unrelated. The use of a number of different terms at different institutions and by different physicians to denote the same diseases, together with the use of particular, single terms to denote different diseases, has caused much unnecessary confusion. In this review these terms are examined and an attempt is made to propose a new, unambiguous classification. Using this system, physicians with different views regarding which of the parapsoriases constitute distinct entities should have not difficulty communicating, and should have clearer frame of reference within which to work. An attempt is made to evaluate critically which of the parapsoriases are distinct entities and whether one or more of them should be considered an early form of cutaneous lymphoma in light of currently available data. PMID- 7026623 TI - Solar radiation and malignant melanoma of the skin. AB - Several observations suggest that a majority of cases of malignant melanoma of the skin are linked to sun exposure. Evidence includes higher occurrence of melanoma on anatomic areas heavily exposed during recreation, development of melanoma more frequently in lightly pigmented persons, and correlation of melanoma incidence and mortality with proximity to the equator. The role of the sun exposure in the pathogenesis of melanoma remains unclear, however. Many cases of melanoma may be related to heavy doses of solar radiation received during recreation. Chronic sun exposure is not so clearly linked to the development of melanoma (except in the uncommon lentigo maligna variety). Sunspot cycles have been associated with changes in melanoma incidence; an excess of melanoma cases has been observed every 9 to 12 years after peak sunspot activity. These excess cases may be caused by more intense exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation during sunspot maxima, perhaps related to changes in the stratospheric ozone layer. These epidemiologic and clinical clues suggest that many cases of melanoma are related to sun exposure triggering the appearance of clinically evident melanoma. In this regard, solar radiation behaves as a cocarcinogen or promoter, rather than a dose-dependent carcinogen. These observations also suggest that other factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of melanoma, e.g., nevi, heredity, or exposure to chemical carcinogens. PMID- 7026624 TI - Toshiaki Yasuda, M.D. PMID- 7026625 TI - Basic techniques and materials for conservative dentistry. 3. Restoration of the broken-down posterior tooth. PMID- 7026626 TI - An investigation of the periapical status of post crowned teeth. PMID- 7026627 TI - Biometric trays for complete denture construction. PMID- 7026628 TI - The design of the partial denture framework. 2. Preventing movement of the partial denture base. PMID- 7026629 TI - Basic techniques and materials for conservative dentistry. 2. Recent advances in restorative materials. PMID- 7026630 TI - Comparison among a dip-slide test (Dentocult), plate count, and Snyder test for estimating number of lactobacilli in human saliva. PMID- 7026631 TI - The effects of cavity smear layer removal on experimental marginal leakage around amalgam restorations. AB - Unvarnished freshly-packed dental amalgam restorations leak initially. However, with time, a marginal seal is usually effected. It is not known whether the smear layer which forms during cavity preparation is associated with this leakage pattern. This study was undertaken to evaluate experimental marginal leakage around amalgam restorations (left in situ for one and 12 wk) which had been placed in cavities prepared with and without removal of the smear layer in vital and devitalized teeth. The cavities were obturated with two types of dental amalgams, a conventional and a dispersed-phase amalgam. The excised teeth restorations were subjected to a fluorescent dye marginal leakage experiment. All of the short-term specimens leaked severely, but some of the long-term specimens displayed significant sealing properties. No significant differences were found between the two types of amalgams. However, the non-vital tooth specimens and cavities without smear layers displayed significantly improved sealing properties. PMID- 7026632 TI - Freeze-fracture study of the occurrence of plasma membrane differentiations in human basal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7026633 TI - Immunofluorescence study of pityriasis lichenoides chronica. PMID- 7026634 TI - Serological cross-reactivity among Klebsiella pneumoniae K 47, Ceratocysttis, Europhium and Graphium species. PMID- 7026635 TI - Busulfan hyperpigmentation: light and electron microscopic studies. PMID- 7026636 TI - A case of vitiligo vulgaris with IgG detected at the dermoepidermal junction -- with special reference to its treatment with OK-432. PMID- 7026637 TI - Graft versus host reaction -- report of a case with acute and chronic manifestations in the skin. PMID- 7026638 TI - Herpetiform pemphigus-like skin lesions induced by D-penicillamine. PMID- 7026639 TI - Disseminated zoster. PMID- 7026640 TI - Natural history of the Mongolian spot. PMID- 7026641 TI - Equal protection for women: myth to fact. PMID- 7026642 TI - Mandibular position and upper body strength: a controlled clinical trial. PMID- 7026643 TI - The performance of autoclaved high-speed dental handpieces. AB - High-speed dental handpieces, which are used so extensively in modern dental practice, may be a source of cross-contamination between patients. A standard autoclave procedure of 121 C for 15 minutes will sterilize the handpieces evaluated in this report. The performance in a standardized laboratory trial showed deterioration of speed in the simulated three-month period. Clinical evaluations for three months showed some minor mechanical problems. These dental handpieces should be used in conjunction with a formal daily and three-month maintenance program. PMID- 7026644 TI - Impressions of unsupported movable tissues. PMID- 7026645 TI - The presidents. James Young Crawford, 1894-1896. PMID- 7026646 TI - Circannual variations in the B cell/T cell ratio in normal human peripheral blood. AB - In previous studies we have shown that B cells and subpopulations of T cells can be identified in blood smears with bacteria used as markers that bind spontaneously to lymphocytes. We have also identified Ig-bearing cells by using an Escherichia coli coated with anti-human Ig antibody. Here we determined the absolute values and the percentage of B cells and of other lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of six normal donors every 2 mo for 1 yr. we found that the total leukocyte counts and the total number of lymphocytes remained unchanged throughout the year, whereas the percentage of B cells in the coldest month was at almost twice the level observed in summer. The percentage of cells that bind Arizona hinshawii ans Salmonella schottmulleri remained practically unchanged during the entire year. A variation was noted in the ratio between T1 and T2 cells, which also appears to be seasonally related. We speculate that hormonal factors, probably corticosteroids, are responsible for changes in the traffic of some lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 7026647 TI - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with low serum immunoglobulin E. AB - Elevated total serum IgE is helpful in making the diagnosis of ABPA and in monitoring the onset of exacerbations and response to therapy. ABPA occurs frequently in patients with CF, and in these instances a high total serum IgE is seen. This is the first case report of ABPA without an elevated total serum IgE level. At no time prior to this patient's first episode of ABPA, at the time of the illness, or at monthly intervals during follow-up did her total serum IgE level exceed 29 IU/ml. PMID- 7026648 TI - A computer-managed instruction system applied to dietetic education. AB - The emergence of competency-based programs in dietetic education has introduced the need for a systematic method of managing student performance information. A computer-managed instruction system which performs many of the routine clerical tasks usually assumed by instructors is being utilized in Emory University's Dietetic Internship Program. Preliminary use of the system indicates that it was well received by both instructors and students. Its most obvious benefits were the immediate feedback on performance and decreased demands on faculty time for evaluation and record-keeping processes. PMID- 7026649 TI - Simulations teach management and nutrition counseling skills. PMID- 7026650 TI - Obesity--impact of the family. AB - Obesity literature is reviewed in light of family characteristics such as communication (family interaction, support systems, parental status discrepancy), family life skills (parenting, decision making), and individual feelings (self image). Children demonstrating the most success at weight loss appear to be from supportive, interactive families utilizing child-rearing techniques that develop responsibility and a positive self-image. Further definition of and research concerning family attributes should be included in nutrition education programs. PMID- 7026651 TI - Accuracy of self-reports of food intake. AB - Six boys reported their food intake with a surprising degree of accuracy, although they tended to overestimate at low levels and underestimate at high levels. Stimulated by this finding, the authors reviewed the literature and found six validated self-reports of food intake among adults and five among children. Most studies were small, but they reported similar findings. Because of the important policy implications, research is needed with larger and more representative samples to determine if self-reports of food intake are as accurate as they seem. PMID- 7026652 TI - Substandard acuity in the healthy looking eye. AB - With proper spectacle correction, the healthy human eye is capable of seeing 20/20. Common causes of reduced vision, such as cataracts and macular degeneration, are easily detected during routine examination. In many cases, however, patients present with reduced vision for which no obvious etiology is immediately apparent. This paper deals with the most common of such presentations. Entities to be discussed include amblyopia, hysteria/malingering, monofixation syndrome, partial albinism, subtle macula disease, and occult optic nerve disease. PMID- 7026653 TI - [Variable diameter trephine with interchangeable blades for corneal microsurgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026654 TI - [Technics of lower lid reconstruction]. PMID- 7026655 TI - Effects of red-headed in sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei, nuclear polyhedrosis virus on rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, and Daphnia pulex. AB - The effects of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of the red-headed pine sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei, on rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, were investigated. The fish were exposed to this virus by intubation and topical application and no ill effects were observed. Similarly, no ill-effects were detected in Daphnia pulex when the same NPV was added to their culture medium. The materials were lyophilized, NPV-infected sawfly larvae (normally used for insect control), lyophilized, uninfected larvae and purified, polyhedral inclusion bodies. On the basis of these laboratory tests, this virus, when disseminated as a biocontrol agent, should present no hazard to rainbow trout or to the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia pulex, two species frequently used in toxicity tests of chemical pesticides. PMID- 7026656 TI - Oral antibiotics in pedal infections. AB - A culture and sensitivity test is essential before starting antibiotic therapy. If the infection is serious, a bacteriocidal agent should be selected in preference to a bacteriostatic agent. Also, it is important to determine the proper dosage of the antimicrobial drug to be used. If a penicillin is indicated, it is the single most effective antibiotic. If a penicillin is not indicated, erythromycin is safe and effective against most pedal infections. PMID- 7026657 TI - Podiatric sepsis: current principles of prevention, diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7026658 TI - Prospects for the Contra Costa Health Plan, a public sector health maintenance organization. PMID- 7026659 TI - On O'Brien's "Effective social environment and hemodialysis adaptation: a panel analysis". PMID- 7026660 TI - A. I. Kupzow awarded 1980 Vavilov prize. PMID- 7026661 TI - [Segregation of crystal grains in casting the low-melting Ni-base alloy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026662 TI - [The oxidized layer and its surface roughness of dental alloys for porcelain fused-to-metal (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026663 TI - [Study on adherence layers at NiCr alloys-porcelain interfaces (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026664 TI - [Structure change by some cooling methods in casting the NiCuMn alloy with low melting point (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026665 TI - Freezing and drying of biological tissues for electron microscopy. PMID- 7026666 TI - Electron beam microanalysis: several instrumental developments germane to biology. PMID- 7026667 TI - Stereological methods in cell biology: where are we--where are we going? AB - The current state of the art in morphometric cell biology is reviewed by looking at the developmental state of stereological methods, and at the approaches used to arrive at quantitative structure-function correlation. Stereological methods have reached a fairly advanced level of sophistication since mathematical stereology has been developed as a branch of geometric probability theory. The application of these methods in cell biology lags behind, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Among the strategies used in exploiting stereological methods in cell biology the physiological approach (where a change is induced experimentally and its effect on the cells is followed by biochemical and morphometric methods) ranks highest and is still valid. More analytical approaches, such as combining stereology and biochemistry in cell fraction studies, are fraught with difficulties. In considering future developments of stereological methods, the emphasis will have to be 1) on developing procedures for eliminating biases such as section thickness or resolution effects, and 2) on increasing the efficiency of the methods by better sampling rules and improved instrumentation. The future trends in morphometric cell biology might best be served by exploiting the potentials of histochemistry and stereology by combining them with a view to 1) establishing procedures for cell-specific sampling and 2) developing methods towards "molecular morphometry" on the basis of immunocytochemical labeling. PMID- 7026668 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of intracytoplasmic alkaline phosphatase in HeLa TCRC-1 cells. AB - The ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase has been examined in cells of a HeLa subline (TCRC-1) that are monophenotypic for Regan isoenzyme expression. Enzyme activity was demonstrated at the cell surface plasma membrane and in certain lysosomes as revealed by the lead citrate method. The regular direct immunoperoxidase procedure utilizing antibodies in IgG or Fab' form showed the same distribution patterns of alkaline phosphatase. However, when the cell surface antigen was blocked in advance with specific unlabeled antibodies and direct immunocytochemistry performed in the presence of saponin, intracellular alkaline phosphatase antigen was observed in the perinuclear space, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. The results appeared to be concordant with the current concept that membrane glycoproteins are formed in the endoplasmic reticulum, modified in the Golgi apparatus and then transported to the cell surface. Intracellular alkaline phosphatase was observed predominantly in some cell populations especially mitotic cells, suggesting that the enzyme protein was synthesized in and around the mitotic phase. Accordingly, this technique of differential membrane immunocytochemistry appears to provide an opportunity to follow ectopic gene expression as a function of cell cycle and enzyme induction. PMID- 7026669 TI - Immunoperoxidase localization of secretory component in reactive mesothelium and mesotheliomas. AB - Immunoperoxidase localization of the secretory component (SC) of immunoglobulin (Ig) A was undertaken on paraffin-embedded tissue to investigate its usefulness in differentiating epithelial from mesothelial neoplasms. Epithelial cells, but not mesothelial cells, have been previously reported to contain SC, which may be involved in the intraepithelial transport of secretory IgA. In this study we report, for the first time, focal but unequivocal staining for SC in reactive mesothelium and mesotheliomas (10/16). Reactivity was not associated with any histologic subtype of malignant mesothelioma although staining was usually seen in the "epithelial" type. The significance in terms of possible mesothelial secretory IgA transport is discussed. PMID- 7026670 TI - Influenza B at Christ's Hospital: natural antibody to influenza B estimated by radial haemolysis. AB - The technique of radial haemolysis (SRH) was used to assess the response to infection with different strains of influenza B virus, to determine the persistence of antibody following such infection and to examine sera from boys entering school at age 11 years. The technique detected 95% of infections and in primary infection the antibody response was mainly to the infecting strain. Re infections resulted in a broad response, both to the homotypic strain and to strains more distantly related. Antibody to the homotypic strain persisted for at least 3 years but in some individuals the reaction with heterotypic strains tended to become weaker--resulting in zones of incomplete lysis--or was lost. Examination of the sera collected on entry to the school showed that about 60% of the boys bled before B/Hong Kong became widespread in the United Kingdom had antibody to strains representative of those isolated in the 1960s and few boys had antibody to B/Hong Kong. After 1974 antibody to B/Hong Kong and later strains became more common while antibody to earlier strains was less frequently detected. The significance of the results as an estimate of past experience is discussed. PMID- 7026671 TI - Comparison of selenite F, Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate and Rappaport's medium for salmonella isolation from chicken giblets after pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water. AB - Six hundred and eighty three samples of chicken giblets were examined for salmonellas. Three hundred and forty nine of these were neck and crop specimens and 224 were combined liver and heart samples. Two hundred and ten, in all, contained salmonellas. The technique of examination included pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water at 37 degrees C for 18 h and subculture to three enrichment media: Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate, selenite F and Rappaport's magnesium chloride malachite green broth. Inocula from buffered peptone water to 10 ml of tetrathionate and selenite were 1 ml in each case. The inoculum from the pre-enrichment medium to 10 ml of Rappaport was 0.005 ml. Tetrathionate and selenite were incubated at 43 degrees C for 48 h. Rappaport's medium was incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 h. Subcultures from all three enrichment broths were made at 24 h and 48 h to brilliant green MacConkey agar. Selective agars were incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The most successful technique for salmonella isolation used Rappaport's medium, which was significantly more efficient than either tetrathionate or selenite. This finding reinforces results obtained using sewage polluted natural water as test material and it is suggested that routine examination of environment samples for salmonellas could be based on Rappaport's medium alone. If S. typhi, S. dublin or subgenus III salmonellas were likely to be present in the sample, the technique described here would require modification. PMID- 7026672 TI - Change of drug resistance patterns and genetic properties of R plasmids in Salmonella typhimurium of bovine origin isolated from 1970 to 1979 in northern Japan. AB - A total of 321 Salmonella typhimurium strains of bovine origin obtained in northern Japan during the period 1970-1979 were tested for drug resistance and detection of conjugative R plasmids. Three hundred and eighteen (99.1%) of these strains were resistant to one or more drugs. The isolation frequently of multiply drug-resistant strains tended to increase year by year. Two hundred and thirty seven (74.5%) of these resistant strains carried conjugative R plasmids. A total of 308 R plasmids including 174 (56.5%) thermosensitive (ts) R plasmids were derived from the 237 drug-resistant strains, indicating that 71 (30.0%) strains have two different conjugative R plasmids in a single host cell. Of the 308 R plasmids examined for fertility inhibition (fi), 167 ts and 131 non-ts R plasmids were fi-. Of the 60 ts r plasmids examined for incompatibility, 50 were classified into H1 group and 10 into H2 group. Of the 52 non-ts R plasmids examined, 35 were classified into the I alpha-group and the remaining plasmids were untypable in our tests. Mercury resistance marker was found in about 20% of H1 R plasmids coding for multiresistance, and all of H2 R plasmids coded for resistance to tellurite. The clonal distribution of an S. typhimurium strain which carried an H1 R plasmid coding for resistance to six drugs and mercury was recognized in 1978 and 1979. PMID- 7026673 TI - Comparison of the Microbact-12E and 24E systems and the API-20E system for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae. AB - The Microbact-24E and the Microbact-12E systems are two new miniaturized identification systems for the identification of organisms belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. These two systems were compared to the API-20E system for the identification of 352 fresh clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. All three systems were easy to use and came complete with computerized profile registers to assist with final identification of the isolates. The Microbact-24E identified 98%, the API-20E and MB-12E identifying 94.3% and 88.6% respectively. Where different identifications were obtained with the Microbact-24E and API-20E conventional biochemical tests, motility and serology were performed. The Microbact-24E system proved to be a very accurate and convenient means of identifying members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 7026674 TI - The ability of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides and closely related strains from goats and sheep to immunize mice against subspecies capri. AB - Small colony (SC) strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides from contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and from goats were compared with large colony (LC) strains of so-called M. mycoides subsp. mycoides from goats and sheep by means of a cross-protection test in which mice were challenged with M. mycoides subsp. capri. Of 13 LC strains, all gave partial cross-protection, and 11 were shown to be more closely related than four SC strains to subspecies capri. In a further experiment, six SC strains--three from CBPP and three from goats--all gave weak partial cross-protection against subspecies capri. PMID- 7026675 TI - Toxoplasmosis and the wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus in Victoria, Australia with suggested mechanisms for dissemination of oocysts. AB - Sera or serum eluates from 1697 wild rabbits [Oryctolagus cuniculus (L)], collected over the past 10 years from 24 sites in 5 geographic regions of Victoria, were examined for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. Sera generally were classified into three broad groups, negative (titre less than 10), weakly reactive (titre 10 to 100) and strongly positive (titre greater than 1000). Strongly positive sera came from rabbits collected in a small number of localized areas, most significantly the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works (MMBW) Sewerage Farm at Werribee and Mud Island in Port Phillip Bay. PMID- 7026676 TI - Nutrition and blood. 1. Nutritional aspects of blood disorders in the new-born. PMID- 7026677 TI - Attitudes to appearance in adolescence. PMID- 7026678 TI - Should zinc be added to textured vegetable protein? PMID- 7026679 TI - Quantitation of a whole blood assay for human natural killer cell activity. AB - A method is described for the measurement of human natural killer cell activity using heparinized whole blood in a 51chromium release assay. Fractionation reconstitution experiments showed that the cytotoxic activity was abolished by removal of the Fc receptor bearing lymphocytes, but not by the elimination of monocytes and granulocytes. Autologous or pooled plasma was not found to possess inherent cytolytic activity. By analogy to an enzyme kinetic reaction, the results were expressed as kinetic lytic units (KLU) which were defined as the maximum number of target cells that could be lysed per unit time per milliliter of whole blood. The buffy coat cytotoxicity (BCC) assay is quick, easy to perform, and suitable for screening and monitoring of natural cytotoxicity. Since this methodology preserves the actual concentration of natural killer cells, it may represent a truer reflection of in vivo events. PMID- 7026680 TI - A rosette assay for identification of Ia-like alloantigens on chicken lymphoid cells. AB - An Ia-rosette assay for the detection of Ia-like alloantigens on the chicken lymphoid cell surface is described. The method is based on the ability of cells treated with alloantiserum to Ia and then with rabbit antiserum against the Fc portion of chicken IgG, to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) coated with chicken anti-SRBC IgG antibody. Interference with Ia-rosette formation by Fc IgG receptors was eliminated by pronase treatment which removes Fc receptor activity without affecting Ia antigens. The Ia-rosette assay is at least as sensitive as the triple-layer immunofluorescence test for identification of Ia antigens. In addition, the assay allows morphological study and separation of the rosetting cells. PMID- 7026681 TI - Quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy of renal glomeruli from mice exhibiting murine lupus erythematosus. AB - Pathologic changes in renal glomeruli of mice with systemic murine lupus erythematosus were quantified using microfluorophotometry. Cryostat sections were taken from kidneys of affected mice, stained with fluorescein-conjugated anti mouse immunoglobulin, and the extent of immune complex glomerulonephritis was determined. A subjective microscopic examination procedure, which has been used previously, was compared with quantitative microfluorophotometry and a close correlation between the results using each of the two methods was found. Since the microfluorometric procedure measures the total fluorescence per glomerulus, subjective microscopy must estimate that same quantity in a linear fashion. The present advance in measuring capability indicates good potential for rapid, quantitative measurements for further studies on systemic lupus erythematosus, and on other tissue sections stained with fluorescent antibodies. PMID- 7026682 TI - A radioimmunoassay for determination of anti-actin antibodies. AB - The reaction of spontaneously occurring human anti-human antibodies and experimentally produced rabbit anti-actin antibodies was investigated in a solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). Three structurally different in vitro forms of actin monomeric G-actin filamentous F-actin and aggregated denatured actin were used as antigens. Human anti-actin antibodies reacted with F- and G-actin but not with aggregated actin, while rabbit anti-actin antibodies gave a strong reaction with all 3 forms of actin indicating differences in antibody specificities. The results of the anti-actin RIA were compared with those obtained by indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) on cryostat sections of rat stomach. The anti-actin RIA discriminated between patients' sera and control sera in most cases, although the indirect IFL test gave more conclusive results. The seemingly low sensitivity of the anti-actin RIA compared with that of indirect IFL test for detection of human anti-actin antibodies is probably due to favourable antigen distribution in tissue, not available in the solid phase. The anti-actin RIA was able to detect anti-actin antibodies in 8 out of 8 immunized rabbits although only two produced antibodies detectable by indirect IFL. The differences in reactivity between the two methods may depend on the presence of aggregated denatured actin in the antigen preparation used for immunization and exposure of the corresponding antigenic determinants of actin on the solid phase. PMID- 7026683 TI - The use of nitrocellulose blotting for the study of hepatitis B surface antigen electrophoresed in agarose gels. AB - Nitrocellulose-protein blotting of serum electrophoresed in agarose gels has been adapted for the study of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). 125I-labeled anti HBs was used as the antigen probe, and the electrophoretic migration was monitored by autoradiography. The method required 3 microliter or less of serum and could detect as little as 1 pg of purified HBsAg. Typically, we observed two bands of HbsAg; a moving band which migrated about one-third the distance moved by human serum albumin and a non-migratory band which remained at the loading site. Some examples of the use of the method include: (1) empirical methods for correlating HBsAg concentration in serum to film darkness; (2) observations of mobility changes in serial sera from dialysis patients with chronic HBsAg antigenemia; and (3) detection of related antigens such as antigen from the PLC/PRF/5 hepatoma tissue culture line and the cross-reacting woodchuck patients hepatitis virus surface antigen (WHsAg). PMID- 7026684 TI - Cell sorter immunofluorescence detection of human erythrocytes labelled in suspension with antibodies specific for hemoglobin S and C. AB - We have developed an immunochemical method for labeling human red blood cells in suspension with hemoglobin-specific antibodies. A membrane permeable cross linking reagent, dimethyl suberimidate, is used to covalently bind, in situ, a fraction of the intracellular hemoglobin to integral membrane proteins. Hypotonic lysis and washing of the cells removes the unbound hemoglobin resulting in red blood cell ghosts which are permeable to macromolecules. Fluorescein-labeled antibodies for the hemoglobin variants S and C bind specifically to hemoglobin AS and AC ghosts, respectively, and not to normal hemoglobin AA ghosts. This technique can be used to prepare ghost suspensions for cell sorter analysis in which large numbers (10(9)--10(10)) of normal ghosts can be rapidly screened for the presence of rare anti-hemoglobin S and anti-hemoglobin C binding ghosts. In reconstruction experiments using mixtures of AS and AA cells and anti-hemoglobin S, AS ghosts as rare as 3 X 10(-5) were quantitatively recovered. Fluorescence artifacts prevented direct enumeration of AS ghosts at lower frequencies, but a two-step flow sorting-fluorescence microscope visual scanning procedure allows semiquantitative detection of anti-hemoglobin S-labeled ghosts as low as 10(--7). This method can be used for rapidly screening blood samples from individuals of normal hemoglobin A genotype for the presence of rare anti-hemoglobin S and anti hemoglobin C binding ghosts. PMID- 7026685 TI - Antibody-forming foci in soft-agar cultures of human peripheral blood cells. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from healthy blood donors were grown in soft-agar gel with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and autologous plasma as a source of complement. After 4--6 days incubation, foci of proliferating hemolysin forming cells, surrounded by a lytic area of 0.2--0.5 mm, were detected on the surface of the plates. The response was antigen specific, since new hemolytic areas were observed on pouring a fresh agar-SRBC mixture over the surface of primary cultures, but not on pouring a mixture containing rat or rabbit erythrocytes. The antibody response was significantly increased by addition to the cultures of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG), 8% final concentration. The mean number of foci was 8.4 +/- 2.2 in cultures without PEG and 36.2 +/- 2.3 in PEG+ cultures, both containing 9 X 10(6) lymphocytes. This finding is in agreement with observations on the frequency of precursors of antibody-forming cells among lymphoid populations. The explanation of the mechanism by which PEG 6000 modified the immune reactivity of PBL is not clear. However, we think, that this technique provides a reliable methodology for PBL antigenic stimulation in vitro. PMID- 7026686 TI - Novel preparation method of immunogen for hydrophobic hapten, enzyme immunoassay for daunomycin and adriamycin. AB - The present study was undertaken to develop a novel method of preparing a hydrophobic hapten as immunogen. The anticancer drug, daunomycin (DM) was used as prototype and coupled to mercaptosuccinylated bovine serum albumin (MS, BSA) with N-(gamma-maleimidobutyryloxy)succinimide (GMBS). Injection of rabbits with a conjugate (DM-GMBS-MS.BSA) which contained 7.3 DM per BSA molecule produced good levels of anti-DM antibody which was detected by the reaction of diluted antiserum with beta-D-galactosidase-labeled DM. beta-D-galactosidase-labeled DM was used to develop a double antibody enzyme immunoassay for DM and for the DM homologue adriamycin (AM) which reproducibly detected as little as 1 pmole of either drug. A variety of commonly used other anticancer drugs were tested and had little reactivity in this immunoassay. These studies indicate that the anti DM serum produced is highly specific. PMID- 7026687 TI - Two molecularly independent surface receptors identify bovine T lymphocytes. AB - E rosette formation is a commonly used technique to identify T lymphocytes in many species; however, treatment of bovine E rosettes with rhodamine-conjugated F(ab')2 anti-immunoglobulin resulted in 10% (range 3-18%) of these cells exhibiting fluorescence. The failure of E rosettes to identify only non immunoglobulin bearing cells suggested that an alternative method for T lymphocyte identification was essential. Using a labeled heterologous T cell antiserum and peanut agglutinin (PNA), identical populations of bovine T lymphocytes were identified. Unique and molecularly independent cell surface receptors were detected by dual fluorescent staining experiments differential inhibition of cellular binding of PNA by its carbohydrate ligand and capping experiments. Moreover, both reagents bound to approximately 62% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and virtually all thymocytes. Use of either T cell reagent in combination with rhodamine-conjugated F(ab')2 anti-bovine immunoglobulin provided a rapid, simple and reliable method for simultaneous enumeration of bovine T and B cells and permitted the detection of rare cells (less than 1%) expressing both T and B cell markers. Approximately 90% of all PBLs were identified as either T or B cells. PMID- 7026688 TI - A miniaturised single-step method of cell cloning. AB - This paper describes a miniaturised method of cell cloning in Terasaki plates. It is rapid and technically simple enabling large numbers of putative clones to be tested. As Terasaki plates are designed for use in tissue typing procedures, the wells can be screened and the exact number of cells in any particular well can be seen. Colonies derived from wells containing only one cell can then be chosen, eliminating the need for a second or third recloning usually necessary for statistical surety. PMID- 7026689 TI - Cells involved in the immune response. XXX. An evaluation of the different assays to demonstrate rabbit spleen plaque-forming cells. Enhancement of the assay by anti-target cell antibodies. AB - Four different procedures for the detection of rabbit spleen plaque-forming cells (PFC) directed toward the sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) antigen were evaluated in terms of their sensitivity. These included the conventional localized hemolysis in gel (LHG) assay, the thin-layer LHG assay, the LH assay using a monolayer of the target SRBC erythrocytes and the localized hemolysis in liquid phase (Cunningham) assay. The latter assay consistently proved to be the most sensitive assay. The sensitivity of this latter assay was further improved by incorporating preformed IgG or IgM antibodies directed toward the target erythrocytes, in subhemolytic concentrations, into the assay. This antibody-enhanced plaque assay in liquid medium is 20-50 times more sensitive than the conventional LHG assay. PMID- 7026690 TI - A simple method for the quantitation of specific cytotoxic precursors to syngeneic tumors. PMID- 7026691 TI - Comments of John Shaw Billings. PMID- 7026692 TI - Medicine in a nutshell. PMID- 7026693 TI - Properties of reference Escherichia coli endotoxin and its phthalylated derivative in humans. AB - The properties of a reference bacterial endotoxin prepared from Escherichia coli and its phthalylated derivative were studied in normal human volunteers infected intravenously with the compounds. The minimal pyrogenic dose of the reference endotoxin is about 0.1-0.5 ng/kg. The increase in white blood cell count, absolute granulocyte count, absolute immature granulocyte count, and concentrations of serum amyloid A, cortisol, and growth hormone was directly related to the concentration of reference endotoxin administered. Phthalylated reference endotoxin up to 1,000 ng/kg (at least 500 ng of the patent compound/kg) was administered to normal human volunteers without significant changes in temperature, white blood cell count, absolute granulocyte count, and concentrations of serum amyloid A, cortisol, and growth hormone. Thus, this study defines biologic properties of the new reference bacterial endotoxin in humans and demonstrates effective detoxification by phthalylation of the present compound. PMID- 7026694 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for the detection of Clostridium difficile antigen. PMID- 7026695 TI - [Transport and metabolism of cystine in cultured cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026696 TI - [Enzyme immunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026697 TI - [Interactions between mRNA and 18S rRNA during initiation of eukaryotic protein synthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026698 TI - [SOS responses and lexA gene in E. coli (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026699 TI - [Pathobiochemistry of the lens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026700 TI - [Studies on the distortion of the cast crown by measuring volume change (author's transl)]. AB - We made experimental cast crowns under various casting conditions, and measured their dimensional change of inner cervical margin and volume change compared with wax patterns. The relation between percentage of linear expansion (alpha) and percentage of cubic expansion (beta) of matter is beta not equal to 3alpha. When investment mold and cast metal equally expand or contract in all direction, the relation between the dimensional change (=alpha) and the volume change (=beta) of the cast crown must obey this expression beta not equal to 3alpha. When the relation between alpha and beta of the cast crown is not beta not equal to 3alpha, we consider the cast has distortion. Casting conditions were fifteen kinds by changing investment, casting method, linning material and mold temperature. The following results were obtained. 1) Placing wet asbestos liner, dimension was larger than its pattern. But, contraction of volume was great. 2) Placing kaowool liner and asbestos liner coated with vaseline contraction of volume was improved. 3) In case of ringless casting method, the cast crown gave best fit to metal die, and distortion was very small. 4) Judging from these results, hygroscopic expansion of investment by wet asbestos liner made volume contracts, and made the cast crown distort. 5) In case of casting at low temperature ceravest mold (150 degree C), dimension was as large as casting at high temperature mold (700 degree C). But, the lower the mold temperature, the larger the contraction of volume. Therefore, the cast crown fitted metal die, but had large distortion. PMID- 7026701 TI - [Studies on the performance of the dental air turbine handpieces. (Part 4) Analysis of the rotational performance of air turbine handpieces (N = N0 - CvFv gamma (author's transl)]. AB - By the introduction of the diamond instruments and carbide burs measurably improved the quality and ease of cavity preparation, the several kinds of the air turbine handpieces, that is, standard type, torque type and miniature type air handpieces have been recently developed. In this paper, the performance tests of these air turbine handpieces have been carried out, and obtained the relations are indicated speeds and the vertical and horizontal loads or torque using the test bur. These relations are indicated by the logarithmic expressions, N = N0 - CvFv gamma, where N is the rotational speed of the air turbine handpieces during rotation, N0 is the free rotational speed of the air turbine handpieces, Fv is the vertical loads on the tests burs and Cv and gamma is the experimental constants. And then, the maximum performed work or the air turbine handpieces is presented by the expression as follows. W max = pimicrod/60(1/Cv)1/ gamma gamma (N0/gamma + 1)(1 + gamma)/gamma And we proposed the formula to be calculated for the performance ability of the air turbine handpieces. PMID- 7026702 TI - [Clinical features of T cell malignant lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026703 TI - [Clinical significance of hematopoietic stem cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026704 TI - [Microtubule inhibitors--its application to the research field of hard tissues (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026705 TI - A marker for megakaryocytes: serotonin accumulation in guinea pig megakaryocytes. AB - Serotonin accumulation was studied in guinea pig megakaryocytes and platelets. Megakaryocyte suspensions, 80% to 90% pure, and platelet-rich plasma were used. 14C-serotonin was used to assay serotonin uptake. Maximum capacity for serotonin storage in 2.5 x 10(5) megakaryocytes was 4.2 nmol and in 2.5 x 10(8) platelets was 3.1 nmol. One thousand times as many platelets as megakaryocytes were used to normalize for protein content of the two cells. Thus the megakaryocyte's capacity for accumulating serotonin is equivalent to, if not greater than, that of the platelet. Serotonin accumulation in individual megakaryocytes and other hematopoietic cells was studied by autoradiography. Whole marrow suspensions were incubated with 3H-serotonin. Cells in whole marrow suspensions, cells in the pellet of the albumin density gradient, and purified megakaryocytes were then analyzed by autoradiography. The pellet of the albumin density gradient was inspected because it is known to contain megakaryocytes that are not recovered in the purified megakaryocyte suspensions. Examination of whole marrow cell suspensions revealed that virtually all megakaryocytes had taken up serotonin, but there was no evidence of serotonin accumulation in other hematopoietic cells. Over 95% of megakaryocytes in the pellet of the albumin density gradient had retained serotonin. The megakaryocytes that had not retained serotonin or not accumulated the amine did not comprise a specific population in respect to maturity. Evaluation of purified megakaryocytes showed that megakaryocytes at various stages of maturation, as defined by diverse size and cytoplasmic/nuclear maturation, had accumulated equivalent amounts of serotonin. Thus the capacity for serotonin accumulation is established in the immature megakaryocyte. Serotonin uptake can serve as a marker for the identification of the immature megakaryocyte. PMID- 7026706 TI - The effect of single doses of amylobarbitone sodium and carbamazepine in tinnitus. PMID- 7026707 TI - Tegretol: a double blind trial in tinnitus. PMID- 7026708 TI - Prominent ears and their surgical correction. PMID- 7026709 TI - Role of fatty acid synthesis in the control of insulin-stimulated glucose utilization by rat adipocytes. AB - A decreased capacity for fatty acid synthesis is associated with a decreased insulin effect on glucose metabolism in large fat cells and fat cells from rats fed a high-fat diet. We have investigated the relationship between these processes by specifically inhibiting fatty acid synthesis with (-)-hydroxycitrate (2.5 mM), an inhibitor of citrate cleavage enzyme, and cerulenin (0.05 mM), an inhibitor of fatty acid synthetase. (-)-Hydroxycitrate and cerulenin decreased maximally insulin-stimulated fatty acid synthesis from [6-(14)C]glucose to 10% and 25% of controls, respectively, while only (-)-hydroxycitrate decreased basal values. Oxidation of [1-(14)C]glucose in the presence of insulin was markedly depressed by each inhibitor. Thus, the percent increase over basal value was decreased from 540% in controls to 151% and 154% by (-)-hydroxycitrate and cerulenin, respectively. In contrast, oxidation of [6-(14)C]glucose was slightly enhanced by both inhibitors. Thus, oxidation of glucose via the pentose shunt was reduced, while Krebs cycle oxidation was unaffected. Basal and insulin-stimulated incorporation of [1-(14)C]glucose and [6-(14)C]glucose into glyceride-glycerol and basal lactate production was unchanged by the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis. Insulin-stimulated lactate production was halved by the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis. Total glucose utilization, as assessed by measuring the disappearance of glucose from the medium, was not detectably changed by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis under basal conditions, but insulin-stimulated values were decreased to 52% and 64% of control by (-)-hydroxycitrate and cerulenin, respectively. This occurred despite the fact that neither agent affected the initial rate of 2-deoxyglucose uptake, or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase or 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities. These data therefore provide direct evidence that a limitation of the fatty acid synthetic pathway decreases the ability of insulin to stimulate both pentose shunt glucose oxidation and overall glucose utilization, but not Krebs cycle oxidation or glyceride-glycerol synthesis. The enzymatic capacity of the fat cell for fatty acid synthesis is therefore an important determinant of insulin-stimulated glucose utilization.-Fried, S. K., M. Lavau, and F. X. Pi-Sunyer. Role of fatty acid synthesis in the control of insulin-stimulated glucose utilization by rat adipocytes. PMID- 7026710 TI - An application of high performance liquid chromatography to analysis of lipids in archaeological samples. AB - Five samples from three different types of 1500-year-old Mediterranean amphorae, as well as from a contemporary oil lamp found in the same deposit, were analyzed for the presence of lipid residues. Each sample of finely ground amphorae powder weighed 1-2 g. The abundance of interfering secondary products makes thin-layer chromatography (TLC) an essential step of the procedure. The fractionation of the extract into its various lipid components by means of TLC was followed by quantitative recovery of the triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) fractions from the plates and by the measurement of their components by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after esterification. The minimum detectable level is 1 ng. The amphorae samples revealed a more abundant FFA fraction than a TG fraction, which is the reverse of what we know about the composition of fresh oil. Despite the considerable age of the amphorae and their preservation under non-ideal conditions, the lipid residues have retained certain identifiable characteristics that enable one to make valid suggestions as to the type of commodity originally transported in the amphorae. The results of these experiments yield important information that enables the biochemist to observe an aging process irreproducible in the laboratory and provides the archaeologist with previously unavailable information about trade 15 centuries ago. PMID- 7026711 TI - Using the altered cast procedure to obtain the best support for extension partial dentures. PMID- 7026712 TI - [Urokinase (in situ) in the case of acute ischemia of the lower limbs (author's transl)]. AB - Eighteen patients with severe, acute ischemia of the lower limbs were treated with an arterial perfusion of the ischemic leg with Urokinase. This was associated, in thirteen patients, with a limited attempt of revascularization. The result of this treatment was an immediate improvement in twelve cases, which lasted, more than six months, in six patients. The authors insist on the interest of the arteriography performed after the fibrinolytic treatment in order to complete the revascularization. PMID- 7026713 TI - [Anaesthesia and postoperative intensive care of patients with ruptured lower abdominal aortic aneurysms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026714 TI - [Platelet antiaggregants and arteriopathies]. PMID- 7026715 TI - Ludwik Fleck's "On the question of the foundations of medical knowledge". AB - According to Fleck, a fact is not something objectively given but rather a social event. Scientific facts are no exception, as can be seen through the annals of medicine. Fleck argues that if the physical sciences initially appear to be immune to such social conditioning, this misconception can be corrected by recognizing the similarities between the natural sciences and medicine both historically and epistemologically. Fleck's ideas are not new, having been presented by him in 1935, but it was only recently that they have begun to strike a responsive chord. Kuhn was aware of Fleck's work when he began to promulgate his own ideas in the 1960s. But there are important differences as well as similarities which can only be appreciated once Fleck's own work has had a proper hearing. To this end the University of Chicago Press has published a translation edition of the full monograph in 1979. In "On the question of the foundations of medical knowledge', Fleck's own precis to this major work, he correctly foretold the dawning of the sociology of cognition. PMID- 7026716 TI - Thought-styles, diagnosis, and concepts of disease: commentary on Ludwik Fleck. PMID- 7026717 TI - World 5 and medical knowledge. AB - What follows is a brief comment on Ludwik Fleck's paper on the foundations of medical knowledge translated by Thaddeus J. Trenn in this issue. Since the original is much older than I am, I have some scruples in presenting the critical thoughts which occurred to me when I read it a few years ago. Despite the criticism, I am very sympathetic to most of what Fleck has told us in his tragically neglected work. Two facts make Fleck's tragedy even more disturbing: (i) others have given rise to post-Fleck revolutions in epistemology by exploring his ideas while omitting proper references to him, and (ii) sociology of science, precisely what Fleck wanted to promote, has emerged without his work being operative in any sense. In my commentary, I shall examine his concept of social conditioning of knowledge. PMID- 7026718 TI - The role of modeling methods in medical diagnosis. AB - Modeling methods in medical diagnosis are concerned with medical information processing as it pertains to utilizing biological modeling methods to facilitate patient care. Major considerations in this particular area are (1) the classification problem related to the establishment of disease entities-the taxonomy problem, and (2) the diagnosis of diseases. Available are properties, criteria, signs, symptoms, and manifestations of diseases that have been cumulated and categorized by clinicians and researchers. The problem is to optimally utilize the information content of a sign or set of signs in the practice of patient care as pertaining to the medical diagnosis problem. Some mathematical approaches implemented to facilitate such analyses include cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, Bayesian methods, computer approaches, game theory, information theory, stochastic representations, stepwise procedures, decision analysis, and pattern recognition techniques. Each of these has been studied in depth by numerous researchers advocating computer applications in medicine. Here we discuss the scope and limitations of utilizing modeling methods as a viable approach to interpreting vast amounts of biological data collected on a single patient during an encounter. We consider the following: (1) limitations associated with modeling methodologies; (2) levels of responsibilities, ranging over logging, summarizing, reporting, monitoring, and therapy selection; and (3) operational strategies and considerations as they affect hardware logistics, the actual algorithm utilized, and implementation of these sophisticated analysis systems. PMID- 7026719 TI - Computer interpretation of laboratory test results: an annotated bibliography. PMID- 7026720 TI - Marginal sealing quality of IRM and Cavit as assessed by microbiol penetration. PMID- 7026721 TI - [Isotopic evaluation of the sealing properties of lateral condensation, vertical condensation, and Hydron]. PMID- 7026722 TI - Role of the major histocompatibility complex in T cell activation of B cell subpopulations. Major histocompatibility complex-restricted and -unrestricted B cell responses are mediated by distinct B cell subpopulations. AB - The present study has evaluated the identity of the B cell subpopulations participating in T dependent antibody responses that differ in their requirements for major histocompatibility complex-restricted T cell recognition. In vitro responses of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-primed T cells and trinitrophenyl (TNP)-primed B cells were studied to both low and high concentrations of the antigen TNP-KLH. It was first demonstrated that for responses to low concentrations of TNP-KLH, (A x B)F(1) {arrow} parent(A) chimeric helper T cells were restricted in their ability to recognize parent(A) but not parent(B) H-2 determinants expressed by both B cells and antigen-presenting cells (APC). In contrast, at higher antigen concentrations, helper T cells were not restricted in their interaction with B cells. It was then determined whether these observed differences in T cell recognition resulted from the activation of distinct B cell subpopulations with different activation requirements. At low concentrations of TNP-KLH it was demonstrated that Lyb-5(-) B cells were activated, and that it was thus the activation of the Lyb-5(-) subpopulation that required T cell recognition of B cell H-2 under these conditions. In contrast, responses to high concentration of antigen required the participation of Lyb-5(+) B cells, and these Lyb-5(+) B cells were activated by a pathway that required H-2- restricted T cell interaction with APC, but not with B cells. The findings presented here have demonstrated that Lyb-5(-) and Lyb-5(+) B cells constitute B cell subpopulations that differ significantly in their activation requirements for T cell-dependent antibody responses to TNP-KLH. In so doing, these findings have established that the function of genetic restrictions in immune response regulation is critically dependent upon the activation pathways employed by functionally distinct subpopulations of B, as well as T, lymphocytes. PMID- 7026723 TI - Biosynthesis of Pb44, the protective antigen of sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei. AB - In a previous paper (2) we identified a protective antigen (Pb44) of the surface membrane of sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei by means of a monoclonal antibody. Immunoprecipitation of extracts of mature salivary gland sporozoites, metabolically labeled with L[35S]methionine using the same monoclonal antibody, revealed three specific polypeptides: *Pb44, *Pb52, and *Pb54. Metabolically labeled *Pb44 is probably identical to the protective antigen previously identified by surface labeling. Both proteins have the same molecular weights and isoelectric points under denaturing conditions, and they share an epitope. Moreover, *Pb44 also seems to be located on the cell membrane. The results of pulse-chase experiments strongly suggest that *Pb52 is the precursor of *Pb44. The relationship between *Pb54 and the protective antigen is unknown. The three polypeptides seem to be strictly associated with only one of the developmental stage of the parasite. They were not detected in blood forms and were found in minute amounts in sporozoites from the midgut of mosquitoes. In contrast, in mature salivary gland sporozoites they constitute main products of protein synthesis. PMID- 7026724 TI - Spontaneous diabetes mellitus syndrome in the rat. I. Association with the major histocompatibility complex. AB - A syndrome of spontaneous diabetes mellitus has been previously described in a partially inbred rat strain called BB Wistar. We have determined whether there is major histocompatibility complex (MHC) linkage as well as other predisposing haplotype-associated factors of development. BB rats are RT1 (MHC) genotype u/u. Using BB x Lewis F1 hybrid matings, an F2 study analyzed 128 rats from 8 primary and 3 additional litters from a breeding pair producing a diabetic offspring. 4 of 128 F2 rats, all from the 48 progeny of same breeding pair, became clinically diabetic. The four diabetics were all genotype u/u (P = 0.03). In the primary F2 litters, haplotype distribution was not different from the 1:2:1 expected ratio. However, in the four litters from the from the F1 breeding pair producing diabetics, there was an increased number of u/u animals. Two-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in pancreatic insulin content between litters (diabetics excluded), P less than 0.001, and between haplotypes P less than 0.007 with heterozygous u/u less than 1/1 progeny. The glucagon content showed no significant differences. These data demonstrate (a) MHC linkage with spontaneous diabetes in this rat model; (b) penetrance similar to the human disease; and (c) a possible association of MHC haplotype with pancreatic inflammation as well as insulin content in nondiabetic F2 siblings. PMID- 7026725 TI - Award of the Scherer Medal to Poul Astrup. PMID- 7026726 TI - The scientific work of Professor Poul Astrup. PMID- 7026727 TI - [Determination of triiodothyronine in serum with a heterologous enzyme immunoassay: results of a group survey]. AB - This paper summarises the results of the evaluation of a heterologous enzyme immunoassay in antibody coated tubes for the determination of triiodothyronine (T3) by a group of 11 laboratories. The assay procedure is analogous to an established heterologous thyroxine enzyme immunoassay. The evaluation demonstrated that 1. the specificity of the assay and its analytical range between 0.46 and 9.2 nmol/l meet diagnostic requirements, 2. the intra- and interassay precision was in accordance with that commonly found in radio immunoassays, 3. the recovery of added T3 was between 90 and 103%, 4. the results agreed well with those of self-established radio immunoassays and were comparable with commercial RIA kits, 5. there was no interference by hyperbilirubinaemia or by high concentrations of bile acids, but interference can occur in very haemolytic and lipaemic samples. The great advantage of T3 enzyme immunoassays lies in the absence of restrictions and any authorization needed for working with radioactive substances. PMID- 7026728 TI - Chondrogenesis in the mutant nanomelia. Changes in the fine structure and proteoglycan synthesis in high density limb bud cell cultures. AB - High density limb bud micromass cultures, derived from individual four-day embryos, were established in order to examine chondrogenesis in normal and nanomelic embryos. One- and three-day cultures revealed no morphological differences between the two genotypes. At six days in culture, the scalloping of the cell surface observed in normal chondrocytes is not extensive in the mutant, and the extracellular matrix granules are greatly reduced in number. Differences in sulfated proteoglycan (PGS) synthesis were first detected at three days in culture when the mutant failed to synthesize cartilage-specific PGS. The study, therefore, indicates that the mutant gene is not expressed in prechondrogenic cells. PMID- 7026729 TI - Mouse alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes: products of closely localized duplicate genes exhibiting divergent kinetic properties. AB - Electrophoretic variants for the stomach isozyme (ADH-C2) and liver isozyme (ADH A2) of alcohol dehydrogenase in strains of Mus musculus have been used in genetic analyses to demonstrate close linkage between the structural genes (Ahd-3 and Adh 1, respectively) encoding these enzymes. No recombinants were observed between these loci among 126 backcross animals, which places them less than 0.8 centimorgans apart. Previous studies have positioned Adh-3, and a temporal locus (ADh-3t), on chromosome 3 (Holmes, "79; Holmes et al., "80). Kinetic analyses on partially purified preparations of these isozymes have demonstrated widely divergent catalytic properties and inhibitor specificities. The liver isozyme exhibited Michaelis constants that were nearly 3 orders of magnitude lower than the stomach isozyme for various alcohol and aldehyde substrates. Moreover, aminopropyl pyrazole strongly inhibited ADH-A2 (Ki=1.2M), whereas ADH-C2 was insensitive to inhibition under the conditions used. It is proposed that Adh-1 and Adh-3 are products of a recent gene duplication event during mammalian evolution and that considerable divergence in the active sites of these enzymes and the "temporal" genes controlling loci expression in differentiated tissues has subsequently occurred. PMID- 7026730 TI - Regulation of expression of the integrated retrovirus genome. PMID- 7026731 TI - Effect of test system on the ability of monoclonal antibodies to detect antigenic drift in influenza A(H1N1) virus haemagglutinins. AB - Results of analysing antigenic variation in the haemagglutinin (HA) molecule of naturally occurring influenza A (H1N1) viruses from 1977 to 1979 with monoclonal antibodies were found to be dependent in some instances on the test system used. In several instances A/USSR/90/77 HA-specific monoclonal antibodies had sharply reduced haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titres with variant virus although they bound to the variant and A/USSR/90/77 HAs with similar efficiencies as judged by titration in a sensitive and accurate solid-phase immunofluorimetric assay. In another instance, the converse situation was observed: monoclonal antibodies having a reduced efficiency of binding to the HA of a variant virus nevertheless had comparable HI titres with the variant and with A/USSR/90/77. The chemical basis and epidemiological significance of these observations remain to be elucidated. Nevertheless, the finding that the reaction of monoclonal antibodies can, in some cases, be markedly dependent on the test system employed is of significance for the efficient design and correct interpretation of immunochemical studies which employ monoclonal antibodies to investigate the basis for variation in influenza strains. PMID- 7026732 TI - Temperate coliphage HK022: virions, DNA, one-step growth, attachment site, and the prophage genetic map. PMID- 7026733 TI - Detection of influenza A virus by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-immunoassay from nasopharyngeal specimens. AB - Four-layer (indirect) radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) techniques were developed for the detection of influenza A and B virus in the sonicated nasopharyngeal specimens from patients hospitalized for acute respiratory infection. Polystyrene beads (RIA) or polystyrene microtiter plates (EIA) were used as the solid-phase, guinea pig antivirus immunoglobulins as the catching antibodies, rabbit antivirus immunoglobulins as the secondary antibodies, and 125I-labeled sheep antirabbit (RIA) or horseradish peroxidase conjugated swine antirabbit (EIA) immunoglobulins as the detector antibodies. A comparison of the developed RIAs and EIAs with the immunofluorescence (IF) method was made with 41 influenza A IF-positive and 150 influenza A IF-negative specimens. Each of the 41 influenza A IF-positive specimens was positive by the influenza A RIA and negative by the influenza B RIA. Out of 150 influenza A IF negative specimens 3 specimens were found with weakly positive results in influenza A and B RIAs, but in each of these 3 specimens the binding proved nonspecific by the corresponding confirmatory tests. Using the EIa technique and the same immunoreagents as in RIA, identical results were obtained in each selected specimen tested. The developed RIAs and EIAs proved to be as specific and sensitive as the IF technique, and they should be practical in the diagnosis of respiratory infections directly from nasopharyngeal specimens. PMID- 7026734 TI - The sympathetic superior cervical ganglia as peripheral neuroendocrine centers. AB - The superior cervical ganglia (SCG) provide sympathetic innervation to the pineal gland, cephalic blood vessels, the choroid plexus, the eye, carotid body and the salivary and thyroid glands. Removal of the ganglia brings about several neuroendocrine changes in mammals, including the disruption of water balance in pituitary stalk-sectioned rats, and the alteration of normal photoperiodic control of reproduction in hamsters, ferrets, voles, rams and goats. These effects are commonly attributed to pineal denervation. However pinealectomy does not always mimic ganglionectomy in its neuroendocrine sequelae. This paper discusses several examples illustrating the lack of homology of ganglia and pineal removal, including the prolactin release brought about by gonadal steroids in spayed rats, the changes in drinking behaviour caused by ganglionectomy and the control of goitrogenic response to methylmercaptoimidazole in rats. All these examples indicate that SCG removal, at least as far as for neuroendocrinologists and pineal experimenters are concerned, should not be considered simply as "pineal denervation". A functionally relevant link between SCG and the hypothalamus may occur in rats inasmuch as ganglionectomy depresses norepinephrine uptake and increases the number and responses of alpha adrenoceptors in medial basal hypothalamus. Lastly the SCG are active points of concurrency for hormone signals, as revealed by the metabolic changes induced by steroid and anterior pituitary hormones in these structures even in the absence of intact preganglionic connections, as well as by the existence of putative receptors for some of the hormones, namely, estradiol, testosterone and corticosteroids. The SCG appear to constitute a peripheral neuroendocrine center. PMID- 7026735 TI - The effect of bromocriptine (BCT) on the on-off phenomenon. AB - Twenty-three patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease with classic "on-off" phenomena were studied prospectively during treatment with bromocriptine (BCT). Patients were evaluated for an average of 6 to 12 months and received an average of 56.5 mg of BCT. Nine patients (39%) showed improvement in terms of "on-off". When evaluated retrospectively, it appeared that the only difference between the responders and non-responders was a younger mean age (57.1 to 63.2). PMID- 7026736 TI - Biochemical and clinical studies of Friedreich's ataxia. AB - A series of biochemical tests aimed at elucidating the fundamental cause has been applied to 20 patients with Friedreich's ataxia. Special emphasis was placed upon pyruvate metabolism. The results demonstrate no precisely identifiable defect in the metabolism of pyruvate but indicate an abnormality in glucose uptake and metabolism. PMID- 7026737 TI - Cerebral infarction in childhood bacterial meningitis. AB - Forty-nine children with complicated bacterial meningitis were studied. Thirteen had abnormalities on computed tomography compatible with the diagnosis of brain infarction; one had a brain biopsy with the histological appearance of infarction. Factors exist in childhood bacterial meningitis which are associated with the development of brain infraction. PMID- 7026738 TI - Possible mechanisms of enkephalin action on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. AB - (1) Intracellular and extracellular recordings were made from CA1 pyramidal neurons in an in vitro rat hippocampal slice preparation, while [D-Ala2, D Leu5]enkephalin (DADL) was applied by perfusion at a known concentration (1 to 5 X 10-7 M), in a small droplet, or by iontophoresis into the cellular and dendritic layers of the slice. The effects of DADL on synaptic potentials and membrane properties were studied in an effort to determine the mechanisms underlying its epileptogenic action in the hippocampus. (2) DADL increased the size and often the duration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) generated on either the apical or basal dendrites; this resulted in an increased discharge probability for a constant orthodromic stimulus. Extracellular field potential recordings showed a larger population spike for a given size field EPSP. These effects of DADL could be reversed substantially by perfusion with naloxone (1 to 5 X 10-7 M) and appeared qualitatively different from the epileptiform actions of penicillin. (3) DADL did not appear to increase the intrinsic excitability of the soma membrane, since membrane potential, input resistance, spike threshold, and antidromic field potentials all were unchanged. In addition, the shape of the membrane charging curve during hyperpolarizing current injection was not changed noticeably by DADL. (4) At the concentrations tested, DADL did not attenuate recurrent inhibition in the CA1 region, as evaluated by comparing in the absence and presence of DADL: (a) antidromically evoked recurrent inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) and their dependence of membrane potential, (b) the reduction of a synaptically driven population spike by a prior antidromic volley, (c) iontophoretic GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) responses. Similarly, IPSPs evoked by orthodromic stimulation appeared either unaffected or occasionally enhanced by DADL. (5) By iontophoretic mapping, it was shown that the DADL-sensitive sites are limited to stratum oriens and stratum pyramidale. Local application of DADL into stratum radiatum was relatively ineffective in enhancing the efficacy of synapses located in this region. (6) The dendritic input-output relationship between the presynaptic fiber volley and the field EPSP was not changed by DADL. This finding and the results of the iontophoretic mapping experiments suggest that increased excitatory transmitter release was not involved. (7) The data are consistent with the proposal that DADL selectively attenuates a dendritic IPSP which is virtually invisible to the soma, although the possibility cannot be ruled out that DADL may, in addition, act to enhance the responsiveness of pyramidal dendritic membrane to excitatory synaptic activation. PMID- 7026739 TI - Brain peptidase with a unique neuronal localization: the histochemical distribution of dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase II. AB - To assess whether specific peptidases regulate neuropeptide disposition, we have examined histochemically the localization of dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase II (DAP II). With beta-naphthylamide (beta-NA) substrates, this enzyme has a selectivity for lysyl-alanyl-beta-NA. DAP II staining is highly localized to specific neuronal populations with no staining over glia. Areas in the brain with high densities of DAP II staining include the mitral cells in the olfactory bulb, polymorphic cells in the hippocampus, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the anterior dorsal thalamus, Purkinje cells, and deep nuclei in the cerebellum. Staining occurs in virtually all cell groups in the inferior colliculus, red nucleus, oculomotor nucleus, and mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, the stratum album of the superior colliculus, as well as most cells in the cochlear and superior olivary nuclei. DAP II localizations do not correlate fully with those on any known neuropeptide. Of the numerous peptides evaluated, only glucagon competes substantially for the DAP Ii substrate, reducing enzymatic activity by 50% at a 2 x 10(-5) M concentration. PMID- 7026740 TI - Notexin preferentially inhibits the release of newly synthesized acetylcholine from rat brain synaptosomal fractions. AB - An investigation was made of the effects of the snake venom neurotoxin, notexin, on acetylcholine turnover in rat brain P2 fractions using a gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay for acetylcholine and choline. In contrast to earlier reports, we found a stimulation of the uptake and acetylation of labeled choline by toxin-treated P2 fractions. More significantly, notexin inhibited the release of this newly synthesized transmitter. These effects were found to be dependent on the dose of the toxin and the time of exposure of the P2 fraction to notexin. Longer exposure to notexin or experiments involving resuspension of notexin treated P2 fractions appeared to result in considerable lysis of the transmitter containing particles. Thus, notexin may alter acetylcholine compartmentation in the nerve ending and thereby affect acetylcholine synthesis. PMID- 7026741 TI - Physical and bonding properties of opaque materials for thermo-setting facing resins. PMID- 7026742 TI - Non-essential role of dietary factors in the development of diabetes in ob/ob mice. AB - Hyperinsulinemia is detectable in C57BL/6J ob/ob mice as early as 6 days following birth. Although these mice continue to have very high circulating insulin levels during weaning, they exhibit a transition from mild hypoglycemia to hyperglycemia between 17 and 28 days of age. In the present studies, I examined the roles of the dietary changes associated with weaning (unlimited access to food and its altered composition), and of glucagon and corticosterone overproduction, to the phenotypic differences in glucose regulation observed at this time. The results indicated that neither continuation of the preweaning milk diet nor severely limiting the daily intake of a stock commercial diet significantly affected the initial appearance of glycoregulatory disturbances in ob/ob mice or the maintenance of their hyperinsulinemia. However, the diets reduced the severity of the diabetes. Large phenotype differences in glucagon and corticosterone production were generally associated with the periweaning glycemic changes in both dieted and ad libitum-fed obese mice. Since several previous studies indicate that the tissue responsiveness to insulin is "normal" in ob/ob mice at this time, the increased production of these diabetogenic hormones may contribute to the initial appearance of diabetes. PMID- 7026743 TI - Inhibitory effect of vitamin E on vitamin B2-aldehyde-forming enzyme in Schizophyllum commune. PMID- 7026744 TI - Poorly-differentiated nodular lymphoma associated with the mandible. PMID- 7026745 TI - Bone grafting of alveolar clefts. PMID- 7026746 TI - The prosthetic treatment of patients with cleft palates. PMID- 7026747 TI - [Influence of the condition of muscle trimming material on the buccal periphery of the lower denture]. PMID- 7026748 TI - [The influence of sandblasting procedure on chromium-cobalt alloy castings]. PMID- 7026749 TI - [The influence of morphological factors of palate on the dynamical properties of major connectors]. PMID- 7026750 TI - [THe influences of a whole body irradiation on the host immune system in mice. Distribution and traffic of lymphocytes]. PMID- 7026751 TI - Marginal leakage of several one-visit veneering techniques. PMID- 7026752 TI - Airway obstruction and the facial form: a review. PMID- 7026753 TI - Current concepts of the dentogingival junction: the epithelial and connective tissue attachments to the tooth. AB - This review leads to a concept in which the tissues of the dentogingival junction are dynamic rather that static. Even when they are pathologic, they can be reconstituted by repair. Both their cellular and extracellular components exhibit a high rate of turnover. Some of the cells are specialized for specific functions, such as attachment formation, and do not generate additional cells, but generative pools are always nearby. The cells are capable of movement and of positional change. The junctional epithelium can advance and retract. The cuticle width is alterable. The entire tissue is capable of regeneration after wounding. This dynamic group of tissues is well adapted for the healing of direct injuries produced during mastication. The tissues do remarkably well, over long periods, in their response to periodontal disease, whether due to direct bacterial or toxic damage, or to indirect damage via the migration of inflammatory cells into the lesion. The tissues show a capacity for repair and regeneration following the elimination of plaque formation and the resultant resolution of the inflammatory infiltrate. The complete story is not yet developed. The past 60 years are replete with fine contributions by distinguished workers. Additional contributions continue to be made. The inheritance from our predecessors has been used well and our expanded knowledge in this area now serves as the conceptual framework for further study. PMID- 7026754 TI - Current status of the host response in chronic marginal periodontitis. PMID- 7026755 TI - Determination of periodontal disease activity. AB - The determination of disease activity has a direct impact on therapeutic measures in periodontics. Evaluations that may indicate disease activity have been reviewed under the topics of traditional evaluations, gingival crevicular fluid contents, tissue changes, circulating factors, and sulcular microbiota. The traditional methods, such as probing, radiographs, and clinical indices, were static evaluations that had limited validity in determining disease activity. When used in longitudinal tests, these methods may be used retrospectively to detect disease activity. Evaluation of the contents of gingival crevicular fluid has promise as a noninvasive method of determining tissue changes in the periodontium. To date, none of the crevicular fluid constituents has been a reliable indicator of disease activity. Tissue changes in the periodontium are important in understanding the disease processes but have had limited value as indicators of disease activity. The ability to determine disease activity through identification of substances or changes in the systemic circulation would prove quite useful to the clinician. Although some reports found lymphocyte transformation indicative of active disease, others had conflicting results. Finally, examinations of sulcular microbiota provided evidence suggesting that active periodontal disease was associated with specific groups of pathogens and with elevated counts of motile organisms. The evaluation of such pathogens and motile organisms currently shows the most promise for determining periodontal disease activity. However, long-term assessments and further clinical trials are necessary before this type of evaluation can be widely accepted. It is hoped that such studies will enable the clinician to predict the natural history of active and inactive periodontal disease. PMID- 7026756 TI - Desquamative lesions of the gingiva. AB - Previous reports, as well as the investigations reported here, clearly indicate that desquamative gingivitis is a clinical manifestation of several diseases. Correct identification of the underlying etiology is very important since approximately one-third of the patients with desquamative gingivitis may have cicatricial pemphigoid or pemphigus. These two diseases have broad and sometimes systemic medical implications. In cicatricial pemphigoid, not only the oral mucosa but also the conjunctiva may be involved with subsequent blindness. Because of this, patients with cicatricial pemphigoid should also be examined by an ophthalmologist and may require care of a dermatologist for systemic treatment. In pemphigus, 50% of the cases start with only oral lesions with later development of skin lesions. Because of the life-threatening nature of this disease, patients are usually placed on high systemic doses of corticosteroids. Patients with pemphigus should be referred to a dermatologist immediately. PMID- 7026757 TI - An overview of periodontal surgical procedures. AB - It is obvious from the foregoing that there are many technical approaches to periodontal surgery. The mere presence of a periodontal pocket of a cerain depth as the major indicator for surgery is not as steadfast as once believed. Other criteria such as hemorrhage and exudate must also be used in evaluating the need for surgery. The decision on which approach to use remains with the therapist and the individual situation which he/she is faced. However, in the past decade it has become increasingly clear that the need for so-called more advanced surgical procedures is not as important to the control of periodontal diseases as was once thought. Regardless, it is also clear that some form of surgical intervention, as defined by this paper, is still necessary to interrupt the sequence of events that make up the pathogenesis of periodontal disease that leads to eventual tooth loss. This paper has reviewed and evaluated some of the current procedures available to the therapist in the surgical approach to therapy. PMID- 7026758 TI - The current status of new attachment therapy. PMID- 7026759 TI - Antibiotics in the treatment of human periodontal diseases. PMID- 7026760 TI - Current status of the management of teeth with furcation invasions. PMID- 7026761 TI - Maintenance phase of periodontal therapy. AB - Microorganisms play a primary role in the etiology of periodontal disease. Inadequate or no treatment permits progressive destruction of the periodontium. Periodontal destruction can be prevented in the presence of some plaque and gingival inflammation provided there are efforts at oral hygiene and frequent prophylaxis. An optimal time interval for prophylaxis and instructions in oral hygiene, after periodontal therapy, appears to be 3 months. Ongoing repetitive instructions in oral hygiene appear to be the only way to achieve and maintain significantly increased levels of oral cleanliness. Two-week intervals between prophylaxis, if feasible, seem to provide superior maintenance for periodontal health after therapy. Similar intervals between prophylaxes in school children- again, if feasible--virtually eliminate gingivitis. PMID- 7026762 TI - Effects of hypoglycemic components in ginseng radix on blood insulin level in alloxan diabetic mice and on insulin release from perfused rat pancreas. AB - Some fractions extracted from ginseng radix (HAKUSAN) caused hypoglycemic effect on alloxan diabetic mice. The effect was abolished by the i.v. injection of antisera against bovine insulin. The same doses of the ginseng fraction (10--50 mg/kg) produced an increase in the blood insulin level in alloxan diabetic mice. Normal mice loaded i.p. with glucose (2 g/kg or more) showed also such an increase. Insulin release from perfused rat pancreases was stimulated by the ginseng fraction (0.2 mg/ml), but the potency was not stronger than that of the sulfonylureas. It was demonstrated that glucose-induced insulin release was marked in the presence of the ginseng fraction. Impaired insulin responses to glucose in alloxan diabetic rats were increased by the fraction (0.5 mg/ml) to or above the control responses in normal rats. The enhanced effect was observed also in the presence of 100 microgram/ml cycloheximide. These results indicate that some ginseng fractions stimulated insulin release, especially glucose-induced insulin release from pancreatic islets and thereby lowered the blood glucose level. PMID- 7026764 TI - Effects of kinins and dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase on the motility of highly washed human sperm. AB - The influences of bradykinin, kallidin and dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase (kininase II) on the motility of human sperm thoroughly washed with Ficoll were investigated by an objective method with multiple exposure photography technique which recorded stroboscopically the tract of sperm migration. Addition of 0.1--10 ng/ml of bradykinin or kallidin to sperm suspension caused a stimulation of motility. The effect appeared by increase of the velocity of forward motile sperm, whereas the percent of motile sperm was not altered. On the contrary, higher dose of kinins suppressed the motility by decreasing the percent of motile sperm. There was a minor contamination of dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase even in the highly washed sperm suspension. This enzyme was identical with angiotensin I converting enzyme or kininase II and the major enzyme of kinin degrading activity in seminal plasma. Stimulation of sperm motility by kinin was further enhanced in the presence of SQ 14225, a specific inhibitor of dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, by protection of added kinins from the residual dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase in the sperm suspension. Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase level in ejaculated human semen was found to correlate to the semen quality, such as sperm density and motility, but it gave no direct influence on sperm motility. PMID- 7026763 TI - Insulin-like activity of proteases. IV. Effect of partial digestion by an alkaline protease obtained from pronase on glucogen content in isolated mouse diaphragm. AB - When an isolated mouse diaphragm was incubated with an insulin-like activity possessing protease (ILAPP), the amount of Folin-positive materials released into medium increased as the incubation proceeded. However, the digestion by ILAPP did not affect the action of epinephrine on the glycogen content in diaphragm. Comparative studies on the effects of ILAPP and insulin on the glycogen content in diaphragm incubated in the presence or absence of ouabain at different concentrations of K+ increased in the incubation medium, that the glycogen increasing effect of ILAPP or insulin was observed in each buffer containing K+ at a concentration of 0, 0.59, or 5.9 mM, and that the additive effect of ouabain used together with ILAPP or insulin was distinctly observed in the 5.9 mM K+ buffer but not in the 0.59 mM-buffer or K+-buffer. Thus, the effects of ILAPP resembled those of insulin. ILAPP probably digests the surface of diaphragm at a limited portion other than an epinephrine receptor to exhibit insulin-like activity. PMID- 7026765 TI - Effect of prostacyclin and 9a, 11a-epoxymethanoprostaglandin H2 on calcium and magnesium fluxes and tension development in canine intralobar pulmonary arteries and veins. AB - Calcium and magnesium ions modulate the responses of canine vascular smooth muscle to prostaglandins (PGs). This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between the effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) and 9a, 11a epoxymethanoPGH2 (EMP) on calcium and magnesium fluxes and tension development of the canine intralobar pulmonary arteries (IPA) and veins (IPV). PGI2 produced relaxation of canine IPA and IPV, decreased the uptake of 45Ca and increased the accumulation of 28Mg into an intracellular or tightly bound pool of divalent ion. The efflux of both calcium and Magnesium were not affected by PGI2. 6-Keto-PGF1a, the inactive metabolite of PGI2, did not affect the efflux or uptake of either Calcium or Magnesium, and did not produce any change in the basal tone of IPA or IPV. IPA and IPV contracted when challenged with EMP. The contractile responses of the IPA and IPV to EMP were associated with an increase in the efflux of Calcium from a tightly bound pool of calcium ion and a decrease in the uptake of 28Mg into these blood vessels. These data support the conclusions that: 1) PGI2 induced relaxation of IPA and IPV may be mediated by a decrease in the influx of activator calcium ion and an increase in the influx of modulator magnesium ion; 2) EMP-induced contraction of IPA and IPV appears to result from a release of calcium ion from a tightly bound site within the vascular smooth muscle cell; and 3) the effects of PGI2 and EMP on magnesium ion may result from a direct action of these prostanoids on the mechanisms regulating magnesium fluxes or they may be secondary to the alterations in the fluxes of calcium ion. PMID- 7026766 TI - The role of volume depletion, antidiuretic hormone and angiotensin II in the furosemide-induced decrease in mesenteric conductance in the dog. AB - Furosemide caused a significant reduction in mesenteric blood flow and conductance as early as 10 min after administration. When fluid losses were not replaced, conductance continued to decline. In volume-repleted animals, conductance fell initially but failed to decrease further. Thus, furosemide decreases mesenteric conductance in two ways: a small early decrease which is not related to volume loss and a later more marked decrease which is related to volume loss. The initial decrease in conductance seen in furosemide-treated animals appears to be mediated via the renin-angiotensin system. In volume repleted as well as volume-depleted animals, the plasma concentrations of renin and angiotensin II, but not antidiuretic hormone, were increased 10 min after furosemide administration. Also, inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system abolished the response. The later decrease in mesenteric conductance induced by furosemide is more complex. When fluid losses were not replaced, plasma levels of angiotensin II and renin, as well as antidiuretic hormone, were increased 40 min after furosemide administration. Neither an infusion of Sar1-Ile8-angiotensin II nor hypophysectomy, alone, prevented the furosemide-induced decrease in conductance. The decrease in conductance was reversed when Sar1-Ile8-angiotensin II was infused into hypophysectomized dogs. Thus, the later more marked decrease in conductance induced by furosemide is related to three factors: volume loss, plasma concentration of angiotensin II and plasma concentration of antidiuretic hormone. Mesenteric conductance is decreased by furosemide if plasma concentrations of one or both vasoactive factor are elevated in the presence of a decrease in extracellular volume. PMID- 7026767 TI - Comparative effect of ibuprofen on endothelial and platelet prostaglandin synthesis. AB - Ibuprofen (Motrin) decreases infarct size in animal models of myocardial infarction. Inasmuch as this effect might be related to the inhibitory effect of ibuprofen on platelet function, we have evaluated its effect on platelet and endothelial prostaglandin synthesis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cultures and washed human platelets were studied. Thromboxane (TX)A2 was determined by radioimmunoassay for its stable and product TXB2 and prostacyclin was determined by radioimmunoassay for its stable end product 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha. At all concentrations of ibuprofen tested, platelet TXA2 and endothelial prostacyclin synthesis were inhibited to a similar degree. Unlike aspirin, the effect of ibuprofen on prostaglandin synthesis was rapidly reversible in both endothelial and platelet systems after removal of the drug. Ibuprofen was also shown to interfere with the irreversible inhibitory effect of aspirin, suggesting that ibuprofen and aspirin might compete for binding by the cyclooxygenase. Inhibition of endothelial and platelet prostaglandin synthesis was nearly complete with 100 microM concentrations of aspirin (100%) and ibuprofen (99%). Thrombin-stimulated platelet adherence to endothelial monolayers was related inversely to the amount of prostacyclin produced by the endothelium. Adherence was maximal at concentrations (100 microM) of ibuprofen and aspirin producing near complete inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Maximal adherence with both drugs was comparable (28 vs. 31%). Ibuprofen showed no preferential inhibitory effect on TXA2 synthesis and, at a 100 microM concentration, was as effective as aspirin in the systems studied. PMID- 7026768 TI - Long-term effects of captopril on cellular sodium content and mechanical properties of aortic smooth muscle from spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The long-term effects of captopril on passive Na permeability and Na content in aortic smooth muscles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were examined in relation to the mechanical properties of the muscles. Captopril or hydralazine when administered for 6 weeks exhibited antihypertensive action throughout the period. Cellular Na in both freshly excised aortas and incubated aortas from SHR leaked out more rapidly in cold Li-solution than those from normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats, suggesting increased permeability in SHR aortas. Long-term treatment with captopril decreased the "permeability" of the vascular membrane of SHR, whereas hydralazine failed to decrease it. Incubation of the aortas in K+-free Tyrode's solution produced a slowly developing contraction. The rate of rise of this contraction was faster in SHR aorta that in Wistar-Kyoto aorta. In aortas from captopril-treated SHR, the rate of rise in the contraction was suppressed. The contractile response to K+-free medium was related to the passive permeability to Na and thereby to the increment of cellular Na. It is suggested that, after prolonged administration, captopril alters the abnormal permeability to Na of the vascular smooth muscle membrane in SHR and that the alteration contributes to the antihypertensive effect of the agent. PMID- 7026769 TI - Demonstration of supra-ependymal 5-HT nerve fibres in human brain and their immunohistochemical identification in rat brain. AB - When samples of the ventricle surfaces of human post-mortem brain were examined by scanning- and transmission electron microscopy, varicose nerve fibres could be seen traversing among the cilia and microvilli of ependymal cells. The varicosities contained numerous small electron-lucent vesicles and frequent large electron-dense vesicles, and were usually nonsynaptic but occasionally anchored to the surface by desmosome-like junctions. Supra-ependymal nerve fibres were observed in the lateral ventricles (e.g., n. caudatus), foramen of Monro (stria medullaris), third ventricle (habenula) and floor of the fourth ventricle in brains of the five cases examined. However, only in one of these was a yellow formaldehyde-induced fluorescence observed (on the fourth ventricle floor). Its discrete granular appearance, rapid fading and colour were typical of supra ependymal 5-HT nerve fibres observed in rat brain. Very recent investigations on serial cryostat sections of rat brain ventricle regions revealed the absence of an immunohistochemical reaction with antisera to substance P, leu- and met enkephalin and glutamic acid decarboxylase, but the presence of a reaction with 5 HT antiserum. The target for impulse-released 5-HT from this nonsynaptic 5-HT nerve plexus, bathed in cerebrospinal fluid, is not yet known. PMID- 7026770 TI - Serotonin neurons in nucleus raphe dorsalis and paragigantocellularis of the cat contain enkephalin. AB - 1. The nucleus raphe dorsalis (RD) and paragiganto-cellularis (PGL) of the cat contain both 5-HT and leucine-enkephalin (ENK) immunoreactive perikarya. 2. Using a sequential immunoperoxidase-immunofluorescence technique for the localization of ENK and 5-HT, respectively, it was demonstrated that some PGL and RD neurons contain both the indoleamine and the peptide. 3. The double labeled neurons in the DR were characteristically small, round cells predominantly located on the midline of the nucleus, dorsal to the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Numerous large 5-HT containing perikarya were also found in the DR, but these cells did not contain ENK immunoreactivity. PMID- 7026771 TI - Serotonin in the basal ganglia: functions and interactions with other neuronal pathways. AB - The serotoninergic innervation of the striatum and substantia nigra has been confirmed by a number of techniques. Inputs to both these regions appear to be inhibitory, but the possibility of non-serotoninergic pathways also originating from the raphe should be explored. No conclusions can yet be reached regarding the serotoninergic innervation of the globus pallidus or subthalamic nucleus. Behavioral studies show that serotonin, like dopamine, produces asymmetries when administered into the striatum or substantia nigra. These might be mediated though altered dopaminergic, cholinergic or GABA neuronal activity. Manipulation of the DRN or MRN serotoninergic projections suggest these nuclei serve different functional roles, though their exact nature is not understood. Defective serotonin neurotransmission is implicated in a number of neurological disorders, though a rational regimen of replacement therapy has been difficult to establish. Possibly, closer monitoring of relative transmitter deficiencies might select patients who would benefit from serotonin replacement therapy. Different types of serotonin receptors in basal ganglia suggest that altered serotonin neurotransmission might be involved in the catalepsy or dyskinesias produced by neuroleptic therapy. PMID- 7026772 TI - [Involvement of serotoninergic systems in analgesia induced by electrical stimulation of brain stem areas (author's transl)]. AB - Numerous studies in the rat have shown that powerful analgesia can be induced by electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal grey matter (PGM). From an extensive mapping (300 sites of stimulation) performed on unrestrained cats, we have demonstrated that the points from which analgesia can be obtained are essentially located in the raphe nuclei: dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) located in the ventral part of the PGM, superior part of the nucleus central superior (CS) and nucleus central inferior (mainly the raphe magnus: RM). The most powerful effects were induced by stimulation sites located in the RM. At this level, similar findings were also obtained in the rat. Accumulating evidence suggests that electrical analgesia (EA) results, partly, from the activation of bulbospinal systems which block the transmission of noxious messages at the spinal level: (a) Spinal cord nociceptive reflexes and jaw-opening reflex induced by tooth pulp stimulation are suppressed by EA. (b) Responses of dorsal horn neurons to noxious stimuli are drastically reduced by PGM and RM stimulations; similar findings have been reported for trigeminal neurons in the nucleus caudalis. (c) Neurons at the origin of the spinothalamic tract in the monkey or at the origin of the spinoreticular tract in the rat are strongly inhibited by RM stimulation. These electrophysiological results are in agreement with anatomical data showing that RM has dense projection at the level of the dorsal horn. All these results clearly demonstrate that the raphe nuclei, rich in serotoninergic cell bodies, seem to play a basic role in the mechanism of electrical analgesia. The involvement of serotonin is strongly suggested by numerous behavioral, electrophysiological, anatomical and neurochemical investigations. In addition, PGM and RM are strongly implicated in morphine analgesia which has several common characteristics with EA. The most striking evidence results from the observation that EA is decreased or suppressed after administration of an opiate antagonist (Naloxone). This observation suggests that electrical stimulation releases morphine-like endogenous substances. PMID- 7026773 TI - Adaptation of a stereotaxic ear bar for neurophysiological studies of the visual system in rodents. PMID- 7026774 TI - A personal reading list in psychosomatic medicine. PMID- 7026775 TI - The functional anatomy of the vascular system. PMID- 7026776 TI - Pancreatitis complicating renal transplantation. PMID- 7026777 TI - The master surgeon. PMID- 7026778 TI - The treatment of acute superficial abscesses: a prospective clinical trial. PMID- 7026779 TI - Spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the internal carotid artery. PMID- 7026780 TI - Differential protective effects of antioxidants against cell killing and mutagenesis of Salmonella typhimurium by gamma radiation. PMID- 7026781 TI - The effect of sulfhydryl active agents on insulin binding to the erythrocyte insulin receptor. AB - In vitro incubation of human erythrocytes with disulfide reducing agents (dithiothreitol and 2-mercaptoethanol) produces a significant increase in specific binding of 125I insulin to the insulin receptor. Insulin binding is maximal in the presence of 10(-4)M dithiothreitol and declines abruptly at higher concentrations. Preincubation of red cells with these agents and repeated washing prior to inclusion in the receptor assay produced similar effects, but at higher concentrations of reducing agent (10(-2)M dithiothreitol). The increased binding of insulin was consistent with an increase in receptor affinity induced by the reducing agents. Agents which alkylate or oxidise free sulfhydryl groups tended to decrease specific binding of 125I insulin to the receptor. These data suggest that alterations of sulfhydryl groups may be an important mechanism in modulating insulin receptor affinity. PMID- 7026782 TI - The role of the adrenal gland and sympathetic nervous system in pregnancy. PMID- 7026783 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. A case report and review of relationship. AB - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are both multisystem diseases and the latter can manifest hemopoietic abnormalities that may mimic TTP. This has led to diagnostic confusion and reports of the 2 diseases occurring in a single patient. We describe a 15-yr-old girl who presented at age 12 with purpura, fever, headaches, changes in conscious state, thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and who was diagnosed despite the absence of renal disease, as having TTP. ANA and LE cells were negative then, and again 1 yr later. Three yr later she presented with the nephrotic syndrome with a positive ANA (1:100), elevated DNA antibody (79 U/ml, normal less than 25) and a circulating anticoagulant. Renal biopsy confirmed the presence of lupus nephritis. The association is discussed. PMID- 7026784 TI - Laennec's influence on some British physicians in the nineteenth century. PMID- 7026785 TI - Changing face of administration of mental hospitals. PMID- 7026786 TI - Clinical transplantation of the heart: a review of 13 years' personal experience. AB - The results of the heart transplantation operations performed personally by one surgeon (CNB) at Groote Schuur Hospital between 1967 and 1980 are reviewed. Of 9 orthotopic transplants performed between 1967 and 1973, 4 survived for more than one year and 2 remain alive today twelve and ten years later. Of 11 heterotopic transplants performed since 1974, one-year patient survival has been 82%, though one patient survived on his own heart after irreversible graft rejection. Three of the original 4 patients remain alive over five years later. These results are rather better than the overall results of our unit, where a total of 37 heterotopic transplants has been performed; the possible reasons for this are discussed. One patient, previously unreported, who underwent transplantation of the heart and both lungs in 1971, died after 23 days from pulmonary complications. Heterotopic transplantation using a xenograft (baboon or chimpanzee heart) has been performed on two occasions as a means of temporary circulatory support in patients with acutely failing hearts when no human donor was available. The chimpanzee heart supported the circulation satisfactorily for four days. PMID- 7026787 TI - Synthesis and biological effects of acyclic pyrimidine nucleoside analogues. AB - A series of nucleoside analogues has been prepared, wherein the cyclic carbohydrate moiety is replaced by aliphatic side chains attached to cytosine, thymine, uracil, and 5-fluorouracil. The 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl] derivatives of these heterocycles were synthesized by reacting the silylated bases with 2 (chloromethoxy)ethyl benzoate, followed by removal of the protecting groups with methanolic ammonia. The hydroxy groups of a number of these derivatives was subsequently replaced by an azido, amino, or carbamoyloxy moiety. The 1-(2-oxo-3 butyl) and 1-(2-oxo-3-nonyl) derivatives of cytosine were also prepared, their synthesis being accomplished by condensation of the silylated heterocycle with the appropriate alpha-halo ketone. At 10(-4) M concentrations, the newly prepared compounds were inactive against leukemia L-1210 cells in culture. However, a number of the agents inhibited the in vitro growth of Escherichia coli K-12, the most potent among these, 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-5-fluorouracil being active at an IC50 of 1.2 micro M. This compound was equally active in preventing the growth of a 5-fluorouracil resistant strain of E. coli. Some of the analogues were also found to selectively interfere with herpes simplex virus replication in vitro. None of the cytosine derivatives tested served as either substrates or inhibitors of human liver cytosine nucleoside deaminase. PMID- 7026788 TI - The biology and behavior of Triatoma barberi (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Mexico. II. Influence of a single versus a double feeding on the time that blood meal antigens remain serologically detectable. PMID- 7026789 TI - Peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7026790 TI - Restoration of the impaired lymphocyte stimulation in old people by thymopoietin pentapeptide. AB - The number of E-rosette forming cells was normal in old people with minor pathology, but the lymphocyte stimulation by concanavalin A was decreased. A single administration of thymopoietin pentapeptide 10 mg I.M. enhanced the impaired lymphocyte stimulation. PMID- 7026791 TI - Ezra Mundy Hunt--physician, writer, humanitarian. PMID- 7026792 TI - Pain management in severely burned adults: a test of stress inoculation. PMID- 7026793 TI - Behavioral self-management in treating sleep-maintenance insomnia. AB - Three controlled case studies are presented to demonstrate the application of behavioral self-management to two subtypes of sleep-maintenance insomnia. Patient 1 suffered from brief but frequent arousals to wakefulness and to NREM Stage 1 sleep. Patient 2 suffered from brief but frequent arousals and extended minutes awake after sleep onset. Patient 3 suffered from an extended latency to sleep onset and also extended minutes awake after sleep onset. The self-management treatment program was designed to teach these patients skills for identifying and modifying environmental, behavioral, physiological, and cognitive conditions related to poor sleep. Results are documented using home and laboratory all-night sleep recordings during treatment and at 3 and 12 months following the end of treatment. PMID- 7026794 TI - Effectiveness of relaxation training in reducing adverse reactions to cancer chemotherapy. AB - Cancer patients who had developed negative conditioned responses to their chemotherapy either did (relaxation training) or did not (no relaxation training) receive progressive muscle relaxation training and guided relaxation imagery instructions immediately before and during their chemotherapy treatments. Physiological (blood pressure and pulse rate) measures of arousal, frequency of vomiting, and patient-reported and nurse-reported indices of negative affect and nausea were collected during pretraining, training and posttraining chemotherapy sessions. Results indicated that during both the training and the posttraining sessions, patients in the relaxation training condition reported feeling less emotionally distressed and nauseated, and showed less physiological arousal following the chemotherapy infusion, than patients in the no relaxation training condition. The attending nurses' observations confirmed the patients' self reports. No differences were found in frequency of vomiting between conditions. These data clearly suggest that the use of relaxation procedures may be an effective means of reducing several of the adverse side effects of cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7026795 TI - Behavioral preparation for surgery: benefit or harm? AB - Elective surgery patients were prepared for surgery with training in muscle relaxation or with information about sensations they would experience. Relaxation reduced hospital stay, pain, and medication for pain and increased strength, energy, and postoperative epinephrine levels. Information reduced hospital stay. Personality variables (denial, fear, aggressiveness) were associated with recovery and influenced patients' responses to preparation. Less frightened patients benefited more from relaxation than did very frightened patients. Nonaggressive patients reacted to information with decreased hospital stay along with increased pain, medication, and epinephrine. Aggressive patients responded to information with decreased hospital stay along with decreased pain, medication, and epinephrine. Patients using denial were not harmed by preparation. A catharsis/moderation model is proposed to explain the benefits of relaxation. This study suggests that behavioral preparation benefits even frightened, aggressive, or denying elective surgical patients. PMID- 7026796 TI - N-Terminal polyhedrin sequences and occluded Baculovirus evolution. AB - A phylogenetic tree for occluded baculoviruses was constructed based on the N terminal amino acid sequence of occlusion body proteins from six baculoviruses including three lepidopteran nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs), [two unicapsid (Bombyx mori and Orgyia pseudotsugata) and one multicapsid (Orgyia pseudotsugata)]; one granulosis virus (Pieris brassicae); and NPVs from a hymenopteran (Neodiprion sertifer) and a dipteran (Tipula paludosa). Amino acid sequence data for the B. mori NPV were from a report by Serebryani et al. (1977) and that for the O. pseudotsugata NPVs were reported previously by us (Rohrmann et al. 1979). The other N-terminal amino acid sequences are presented in this paper. The phylogenetic relationships determined based on the molecular evolution of polyhedrin were also investigated by antigenic comparisons of the proteins using a solid phase radioimmune assay. The results indicate that the lepidopteran NPVs are the most closely related of the above group of viruses and are related to these viruses in the following order: N. sertifer NPV, P. brassicae granulosis virus, and T. paludosa NPV. These data, in conjunction with Baculovirus distribution and evidence concerning insect phylogeny, suggest that the Baculovirus have an ancient association with insects and may havae evolved along with them. PMID- 7026797 TI - The density distribution of gene loci over the genetic map of Escherichia coli: its structural, functional and evolutionary implications. AB - A quantitative analysis was carried out on the dispersion of gene loci over the E. coli genetic map. Therefore, the map was divided into regions characterized by an homogeneous gene density. This created a distribution pattern of gene loci that contained a symmetry axis located near to the origin of DNA replication. The pattern could be subdivided into a set of 22 functional domains containing gene loci whose products revealed a biochemical or functional relatedness. A correlation was found between the boundary positions of these domains and the distribution of F plasmid- and DNA insertion sites over the E. coli chromosome. The structural, functional and evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7026798 TI - Quantifying the toxic and mutagenic activity of complex mixtures with Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The toxicity and mutagenicity of 11 compounds individually and in mixtures were quantified in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, and TA1537 by a modification of the Ames spot test. The distance (millimeters) from the center of the petri dish to the bacterial growth front represented the toxic response. When mutagenicity occurred, the distance from the inner radius to the outer radius of the mutagenic growth represented the mutagenic response. Multiple regression analysis was used to quantify the toxicity and mutagenicity of individual compounds in the mixtures. The results indicate that the effects of compounds in mixtures are generally additive. PMID- 7026799 TI - Auditory evoked potentials from the human cochlea and brainstem. AB - Auditory evoked potentials generated in the cochlea and the brainstem can be recorded from the human scalp. These potentials generally have a latency of less than 15 ms and an amplitude of less than 2 microV. They are, nevertheless, relatively easy to record using averaging, provided that appropriate attention is paid to the frequency band-pass of the amplifier-filters and to the locations of the recording electrodes. The responses are precisely determined by a variety of stimulus factors such as intensity and frequency, and by many subject parameters such as age and sex. This paper considers the anatomical and physiological principles underlying these relationships. PMID- 7026801 TI - Urolithiasis. PMID- 7026800 TI - Membrane-associated DNase activity controlled by genes 46 and 47 of bacteriophage T4D and elevated DNase activity associated with the T4 das mutation. AB - Lethal, amber mutations in T4 genes 46 and 47 cause incomplete degradation of host DNA, premature arrest of phage DNA synthesis, accumulation of abnormal DNA replication intermediates, and defective recombination. These phenotypes can be explained by the hypothesis that genes 46 and 47 control a DNA exonuclease, but in vitro demonstration of such a nuclease has not yet been reported. Membrane and supernatant fractions from 46- and 47- mutant-infected and 46+ 47+ control infected cells were assayed for the presence of the protein products of these genes (i.e., gp46 and gp47) and for the ability to degrade various DNA substrates to acid-soluble products in vitro. The two proteins were found only on membranes. The membrane fraction from 46- 47- mutant-infected cells digested native or heavily nicked Escherichia coli DNA to acid-soluble products three to four times slower that the membrane fraction from control-infected cells. No such effect was found in the cytoplasmic fractions. The effect on nuclease activity in membranes was the same whether 46- and 47- mutations were present singly or together. NaClO4, a chaotropic agent, released both gp46 and gp47 from 46+ 47+ membranes, as well as the DNase activity controlled by genes 46 and 47. DNA cellulose chromatography of proteins released from membranes by NaClO4 showed that gp46 and gp47 bound to the native DNAs of both E. coli and T4. Thus, the overall enrichment of gp46 and gp47 relative to total T4 protein was 600-fold (10-fold in membranes, 2-fold more upon release from membranes by NaClO4, and 30-fold more upon elution from DNA cellulose). T4 das mutations, which partially suppress the defective phenotype of 46- and 47- mutants, caused a considerable increase in vitro DNase activity in both membrane and cytoplasmic fractions, We obtained evidence that the das+ gene does not function to inhibit E. coli exonuclease I or V, endonuclease I, or the UV endonuclease of gene uvrA or to decrease the activity of T4 exonuclease A or the T4 gene 43 exonuclease. PMID- 7026802 TI - Anterior extraperitoneal donor nephrectomy. AB - The anterior extraperitoneal approach was compared to the flank approach for living donor nephrectomy in a series of 36 familial donors. The former procedure (23 cases) not only afforded superior visualization of renal vessels but also was probably at least as safe as the latter (13 cases) for donors with risk factors of obesity, age more than 45 years and pulmonary disease. Anterior extraperitoneal nephrectomy appears to be indicated for donors with multiple renal arteries and skeletal deformities, including thoracolumbar arthritis. PMID- 7026803 TI - A 1,500-year-old bladder stone. AB - A calcium oxalate calculus was found in the anatomically normal bladder of a 1,500-year-old native American male mummy from the Northeastern Arizona Basketmaker cultural group. Results of analysis by chemical, optical, spectrographic and x-ray diffraction methods are listed and compared to several other reported prehistoric uroliths. PMID- 7026804 TI - Ultrasound appearance of spontaneous rupture of renal transplant. PMID- 7026805 TI - Transplantation of a horseshoe kidney. PMID- 7026806 TI - Absence of the inferior vena cava associated with an atrophic right kidney and hypertension. PMID- 7026807 TI - Peleopathological evidence of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7026808 TI - Effectiveness of acupuncture. PMID- 7026809 TI - The high price of federally regulated hemodialysis. PMID- 7026810 TI - Li She-Chen (Shi-zhen). PMID- 7026811 TI - Transmission of strongyloidiasis by kidney transplant? Disseminated strongyloidiasis in both recipients of kidney allografts from a single cadaver donor. PMID- 7026812 TI - Soft tissue sarcoma of limbs: better outlook. PMID- 7026813 TI - From the NIH: Dexamethasone and the incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7026814 TI - Sun Ssu-Miao (Si miao). PMID- 7026815 TI - The beta-blocker heart attack trial. beta-Blocker Heart Attack Study Group. PMID- 7026816 TI - Looks like smooth sailing for experimental hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 7026817 TI - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. AB - The relative effectiveness of six nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents was studied in 33 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 32 patients with ankylosing spondylitis in a double-blind, randomized, prospective study employing a six-way multiple crossover design with six-week trials of each agent. In ankylosing spondylitis, naproxen, indomethacin, and fenoprofen calcium were the most effective agents. In rheumatoid arthritis, relatively little mean difference between drugs was found. Most of this difference could be attributed to compliance factors, which favored drugs that required only a small number of pills daily. Despite the small differences in effect, patients had strong preferences. More than 85% of patients were still taking their preferred medication after a mean follow-up period of one year. PMID- 7026818 TI - Heparin-induced hypoaldosteronism. Report of a case. PMID- 7026819 TI - Johann Andreas von Segner. PMID- 7026820 TI - [Clinical trial of cefoxitin in children (author's transl)]. AB - A total of 19 pediatric patients received cefoxitin for the treatment of various infections by intravenous injections of a daily dose ranging from 68 to 125 mg/kg body weight dividing the dose into 3 to 4 times per day. The therapeutic efficacy was excellent in 14 cases, good in 4 and fair in 1, the efficacy rate being 95%. As for side effects, 1 case each of rash, diarrhea and eosinophilia were observed, but none of them were serious. PMID- 7026821 TI - [Synergistic effect of thiamphenicol and cephalothin on Bacterioides fragilis (author's transl)]. AB - Synergistic effect of thiamphenicol (TP) and cephalothin (CET) on Bacteroides fragilis was proved in vitro. Especially its effect was much clear on B. fragilis which is possible to produce beta-lactamase. Synergistic bactericidal effect of TP and CET was proved. Chemotherapeutic effect of TP and CET against experimental mixed infectious mouse due to E. coli (beta-lactamase -) and B. fragilis (beta lactamase +) was proved. PMID- 7026822 TI - [Laboratory and clinical evaluation of cefmetazole in the newborn infants (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Medium to large amount of CMZ (100-270 mg/kg/day) was administered to 4 cases of neonatal infants having severe infections due to pathogenic E. coli and sepsis due to E. coli CMZ was remarkably effective in all cases, and the causative bacteria disappeared in 100%. 2. Among 10 cases which administered CMZ, 5 cases showed side effect. Eruption, diarrhea and increase of GOT, GPT and LDH activities were observed but no case suggested interruption of administration. 3. Blood level of CMZ was determined in 4 cases of 0-1 day old, premature infants. The half life of CMZ was 8.55-15.3 hours, prolonged considerably, and 12 hours after one shot (20 mg/kg) of intravenous CMZ administration, 20.2 microgram/ml of blood level was maintained. 4. Intraspinal CMZ level was determined in aseptic meningitis. When one shot 50 mg/kg CMZ was given intravenously, intraspinal CMZ levels after 30 minutes and 1 hour were 20.3 microgram/ml and 34.5 microgram/ml, respectively, and distribution of CMZ in the cerebrospinal fluid was shown to be excellent. 5. Exchange blood infusion (amount of exchange, 170 ml/Kg) was performed in a small premature newborn baby, and blood transformation of CMZ was examined. It was found as the result that the blood level of CMZ was decreased to 53% of the pretreated level. 6. MIC of CMZ was examined in 3 strains of E. coli isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid. MICs were 0.39-0.78 microgram/ml when 10(6)/ml was inoculated and 0.78-1.56 when 10(8)/ml was inoculated. PMID- 7026823 TI - [Comparison of antibacterial activity of oral antibacterial agents against recently isolated bacteria of E. coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Proteus from clinical materials of urinary tract infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026824 TI - [Restudies on antibacterial activity of sulbenicillin against anaerobic bacteria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026825 TI - [High speed liquid chromatography and enzyme antibody method in the determination of antibiotics in the body fluids]. PMID- 7026826 TI - [Present status and future prospect in the studies of drug sensitivity of various pathogenic bacteria]. PMID- 7026827 TI - [Mycotoxins and mycotoxicosis]. PMID- 7026828 TI - [Thromboembolism and coagulation tests]. PMID- 7026829 TI - [Prospects of antibiotic treatment in pediatric field]. PMID- 7026830 TI - [Occurrence of neoplasms in the large intestine and role of intestinal bacteria]. PMID- 7026831 TI - [Immunologic capacity in patients of colorectal neoplasms]. PMID- 7026832 TI - [Colorectal neoplasms and heredity]. PMID- 7026833 TI - [Malignant changes in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7026834 TI - [Diagnosis of colorectal neoplasms with the intestinal fiberscope]. PMID- 7026835 TI - [Chemotherapy and immunochemotherapy in colorectal neoplasms]. PMID- 7026836 TI - [Clinical application of laser endoscopy]. PMID- 7026837 TI - [Transplantation of a kidney from a cadaver: present status and problems]. PMID- 7026838 TI - [Antibody production tests]. PMID- 7026839 TI - [Leukocyte adherence inhibition test (LAI)]. PMID- 7026840 TI - [Lymphotoxin activity test]. PMID- 7026841 TI - [Anti-lymphocyte antibody test]. PMID- 7026842 TI - [The bacteriological emergency tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026843 TI - [Enzyme immunoassay of ursodeoxycholic acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026844 TI - [Clinical and bacteriological studies on Eikenella corrodens isolated from clinical materials (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026845 TI - [Fluorescent patterns of platelet associated IgG as a autoantibody and IgG bound Fc receptor on platelet by fluorescent antibody technique and immune complex in serum of patients with various thrombocytopenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026846 TI - [An automated method for bacterial test by simultaneous measurement of electrical impedance and turbidity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026847 TI - [Impedance measurement in the culture solution of growing bacteria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026848 TI - [Antihypertensive effect of an oral angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor in two cases with malignant hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026849 TI - [Clinical preference of combined study with ultrasonography and renoscintiphotography in the diagnosis of fluid collection following renal transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026850 TI - [A case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to Aspergillus fumigatus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026851 TI - [Effect of PGI2 during extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 7026852 TI - [In situ flushing of donor kidney using double balloon catheter: experimental observation and clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026853 TI - [Study on dosage schedule of antimicrobial agents (II). Therapeutic effects on experimental infection in mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026854 TI - [Experimental studies on the chemotherapeutic effect on retrograde Proteus pyelonephritis in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026855 TI - Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in calves with diarrhea. PMID- 7026856 TI - An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium subserovar copenhagen infection in pigeons (Chalcophaps indica) imported from Hong Kong. PMID- 7026857 TI - Immunologic precursors of autoimmune hematologic disorders. Autoimmune hematologic disorders. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 7026858 TI - The rapid diagnosis of viral infections. PMID- 7026859 TI - Stanhope Bayne-Jones, 1886-1970: the story of a lifetime devoted to country and to medicine. PMID- 7026860 TI - [Genital herpes and herpes simplex virus infection of the newborn infant]. PMID- 7026861 TI - [Echocardiography in differential diagnosis of causes of mitral valve insufficiency]. PMID- 7026862 TI - [Current theories on the treatment of cardiogenic shock]. PMID- 7026863 TI - [Pheochromocytoma--advances in the knowledge of its physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7026864 TI - [Electrotherapy of ectopic paroxysmal arrhythmia]. PMID- 7026865 TI - [Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of unstable stenocardia]. PMID- 7026866 TI - [Significance of hemostatic and fibrinolytic changes in thrombus formation in cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7026867 TI - [Problems and prospects for clinical heparin use]. AB - The paper contains new data on the pharmacodynamics of heparin and its interaction with the Xa factor, antithrombin III and thrombin. A critical assessment of the clinical efficacy of different types of heparin treatment of thromboembolisms is given, including thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery. PMID- 7026868 TI - [Pharmacological and clinical study of the thrombolytic effectiveness of ocrase]. PMID- 7026869 TI - [Current problems of antithrombotic therapy]. PMID- 7026870 TI - Lipid abnormalities in uremia, dialysis, and transplantation. PMID- 7026871 TI - Pyelonephritis: the relationship between infection, renal scarring, and antimicrobial therapy. AB - We studied the relationship between infection, renal scarring, and antimicrobial therapy in pyelonephritis by an experimental model of the disease. Our specific concern was to identify those aspects of the acute phase of infection associated with the induction of the inflammatory response. Our hypothesis was that the degree of the inflammatory response and the extent of the subsequent lesion in the kidney depended on the rate at which a critical number of microorganisms was reached in the kidney. We proposed that the rapid increase in bacterial numbers in the kidney was the stimulus initiating the inflammatory response and not the total number of microorganisms in the kidney. In the experimental investigation, we treated animals with induced renal infection at varying intervals after the establishment of infection, and we determined the effect of antimicrobial therapy on the bacteriologic, gross, and histopathologic features of the disease. The early events relating to the bacterial invasion of the kidney were important determinants but the hypothesis needed extending to account for the fact that antimicrobial agents, administered after bacterial numbers had reached a plateau, still reduced markedly the damage to the kidney. Two factors seem to be involved in the genesis of the pyelonephritic lesion. The first is the rate of acquisition of a bacterial population by a previously sterile organ, but an additional and important component is the total number of microorganisms in the kidney up to 4 days after challenge. Clinically, the results are relevant in that they demonstrate that renal scarring can be prevented or significantly reduced by prompt antimicrobial therapy. PMID- 7026872 TI - Mineralocorticoid-resistant renal hyperkalemia without salt wasting (type II pseudohypoaldosteronism): role of increased renal chloride reabsorption. AB - A rare syndrome has been described in which mineralocorticoid-resistant hyperkalemia of renal origin occurs in the absence of glomerular insufficiency and renal sodium wasting and in which hyperchloremic acidosis, hypertension, and hyporeninemia coexist. The primary abnormality has been postulated to be a defect of the potassium secretory mechanism of the distal nephron. The present studies were carried out to investigate the mechanism of impaired renal potassium secretion in a patient with this syndrome. When dietary intake of sodium chloride was normal, renal clearance of potassium was subnormal (CK/GFR = 3.6 +/- 0.2%; normal subjects, 9.0 +/- 0.9%, N = 4) despite high normal or supernormal levels of plasma and urinary aldosterone. The fractional clearance of potassium remained subnormal (CK/GFR = 5.1 +/- 0.2%) during superimposed chronic administration of superphysiologic doses of mineralocorticoid hormone. Little increase in renal potassium clearance occurred when the delivery of sodium to distal nephron segments was increased further by the i.v. infusion of sodium chloride, despite experimentally sustained hypermineralocorticoidism. But potassium clearance increased greatly when delivery of sodium to the distal nephron was increased by infusion of nonchloride anions: sulfate (sodium sulfate infusion, low sodium chloride diet; CK/GFR = 63.7 +/- 0.4%) or bicarbonate (sodium bicarbonate plus acetazolamide infusion; CK/GFR = 81.7 +/- 1.7%). These findings indicate that mineralocorticoid-resistant renal hyperkalemia in this patient cannot be attributed to the absence of a renal potassium secretory capability or to diminished delivery of sodium to distal nephron segments; instead it may be dependent on chloride delivery to the distal nephron. We suggest that the primary abnormality in this syndrome increases the reabsorptive avidity of the distal nephron for chloride, which (1) limits the sodium and mineralocorticoid-dependent voltage driving force for potassium and hydrogen ion secretion, resulting in hyperkalemia and acidosis and (2) augments distal sodium chloride reabsorption resulting in hyperchloremia, volume expansion, hyporeninemia, and hypertension. PMID- 7026873 TI - Sodium intake and renal responses to captopril in normal man and in essential hypertension. PMID- 7026874 TI - Mechanisms of autonomic nervous system dysfunction in uremia. PMID- 7026875 TI - Development of anergy to delayed-type hypersensitivity antigens following renal allotransplantation. AB - A study is reported of patients receiving 180 renal allotransplants and at risk for 1 or more years who had pretransplant and posttransplant skin tests using delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) recall antigens. Pretransplant skin testing revealed an incidence of 14% anergic patients prior to a first transplant, and 35% were anergic prior to a second allograft. There was a statistically significant correlation between pretransplant anergy and age, as well as a significant correlation between pretransplant anergy and time of dialysis dependent uremia. The conversion to the anegic state posttransplant in those patients with surviving allografts increased annually for the first 5 years as a linear function, with 69% of the population at risk with their first transplant exhibiting anergy by 5 years. In those patients receiving second renal transplants, all were anergic by 4 years posttransplant. In vitro tests of lymphocyte function using mitogen stimulation did not reveal significant differences between anergic and responsive patients. In this series of 180 allografts there were 14 late deaths. Eleven of these were in anergic patients and in 10 instances were related to sepsis or malignancy. Three patients who were skin-test responsive at the time of death died from cardiovascular causes. It is concluded that there is an increasing risk of the development of anergy to DTH antigens posttransplant and that the type of late mortality may be marked by this hyporeactive state. PMID- 7026876 TI - [Results of glaucoma treatment by tautomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026877 TI - [In memoriam Prof. Oskar Vivell]. PMID- 7026878 TI - [Radioisotope diagnosis and classification of postoperative thrombosis of deep veins of the leg]. PMID- 7026879 TI - [The Moscow physician-humanist Fedor Petrovich Gaaz (1780-1853) and his role in the development of Russian medicine]. PMID- 7026880 TI - [Value of anti-arrhythmia treatment after correction of stable auricular fibrillation]. PMID- 7026881 TI - [History of transthoracic heart massage]. PMID- 7026882 TI - [Works of Friedrich Schiller as a physician, his medical dissertations and disease (on the 175th anniversary of his death]. PMID- 7026883 TI - [Cardiovascular system in yersiniasis]. PMID- 7026884 TI - [Hemodynamics in myocardial infarct based on radiocardiographic data]. PMID- 7026885 TI - [Problems in the study of the immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7026886 TI - [Hemodynamics in vasorenal hypertension]. PMID- 7026887 TI - [Vladimir Filippovich Zelenin (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 7026888 TI - [Zelenin and his role in the development of clinical electrocardiography and functional diagnosis]. PMID- 7026889 TI - [V.F. Zelenin's role in Russian cardiology]. PMID- 7026890 TI - [Diabetogenic role of obesity]. PMID- 7026891 TI - [Kinetics of rose bengal I-131 in the body of patients with circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 7026892 TI - [Rare case of mixed infection (tick-borne encephalitis, typhoid, dysentery and opisthorchiasis)]. PMID- 7026893 TI - [Potential use of a mathematical modeling method for the analysis of immunological phenomena]. AB - The paper reviews mathematical models of immunological processes associated with reactions of the total immunity system and its single formations: infectious diseases, in vivo experiments with cell cultures, cell proliferation and differentiation in the thymus, primary and secondary immune responses to the antigen, immunodeficient states, etc. It also gives models of immunological reactions in vitro: precipitation, agglutination, plaque formation, etc. The paper contains a short description of potentialities of mathematical models of biological processes. PMID- 7026894 TI - [Effect of a permanent magnetic field on the endocrine system]. AB - The review of the reported data indicates that endocrine glands react to the constant magnetic field (CMF). The paper presents information about the phasic pattern of hypophyseal-adrenal reaction and CMF effects on the sympathoadrenal system and thyroid. The review refers to many publications demonstrating high sensitivity to testes of the CMF. The paper discusses potential therapeutic applications of the CMF with emphasis on the fact that most morphological data available need biochemical support. PMID- 7026895 TI - [Nutrition on flights and its quantitative adequacy to pilot energy expenditure]. AB - The paper discusses certain aspects of nutrition of aircraft crews in prolonged flights. It described meals arrangements in flights of up to 4 hours, physiological-hygienic requirements to flight diets and, on this basis, possible improvement of crew nutrition through a better utilization of meals on the ground. The paper reviews the Soviet and foreign data on pilot energy expenditures and caloric value of diets in flights over 4 hours and, in this context, emphasizes potential development of excessive food intake with symptoms of acute overeating in prolonged flights (8-12 hours). This information should be taken into consideration in order to advance organization and medical monitoring of flight diets. PMID- 7026896 TI - Mutagenicity of chemicals of industry and agricultural relevance in Salmonella, Streptomyces and Aspergillus. PMID- 7026897 TI - Detection and partial characterisation of subtilisin inhibitors in legume seeds by isoelectric focusing. PMID- 7026898 TI - Biliary tract surgery in the dog: a review. PMID- 7026899 TI - Local effect of burn on skeletal muscle insulin responsiveness. PMID- 7026900 TI - The effect of transfusions and donor pretreatment on canine renal allograft survival. PMID- 7026901 TI - Increased susceptibility to pulmonary infection in alloxan diabetic mice. PMID- 7026902 TI - Characteristics of affiliates of Alcoholics Anonymous. A review of the literature. PMID- 7026903 TI - Immunological monitoring of residual disease in treated thymic acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 7026905 TI - Separation of normal hemopoietic stem cells from clonogenic leukemic cells in a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia.-I. Velocity sedimentation. PMID- 7026904 TI - Philadelphia chromosome positive blood B lymphocytes in chronic myelocytic leukemia. PMID- 7026906 TI - [Early treatment of periodontal diseases]. PMID- 7026907 TI - The pathogenesis of radiation-induced lung damage. PMID- 7026908 TI - Relaxation of human isolated bronchial smooth muscle. Role of prostacyclin and prostaglandin F2 alpha in muscle tone. PMID- 7026909 TI - Effects of spontaneous ventilation on the circulation. PMID- 7026911 TI - BCG-induced changes in the post capillary venules of the guinea pig lymph node. AB - The post capillary venules (PCV) of the regional lymph nodes of BCG-injected male and female guinea pigs were examined under light and electron microscopy. The endothelial cells showed increased height and pyroninophilia. Their cytoplasm contained increased numbers of ribosomes and polyribosomes and prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum with occasionally dilated cisternae. The number of lymphocytes migrating through the PCV wall was also increased. The activation of the endothelial cells of PCV induced by BCG may increase the recirculation of lymphocytes from the blood stream. These may be of importance in the antitumour activity of BCG. In control guinea pigs the height of the endothelial cells of PCV was significantly greater in the female than in the male. After BCG injection this sex difference was still apparent. PMID- 7026910 TI - Effect of general anaesthesia on respiratory function. PMID- 7026912 TI - The problems of lymphatic microsurgery for lymphedema. AB - The problems of microsurgery for lymphedema consist of the discrepancy between the excellent technical possibilities, especially of microsurgical lympho-venous shunts and the subsequently insufficient reduction of the lymphedematous tissue fibrosis and sclerosis. Generally, the lymphatic surgeon considers the lymphatic system to be a canalicular system of drainage tubes, of lymph collectors. Bypassing a lymph block through peripheral lympho-venous shunts should therefore solve the problem of lymphstasis, present in each type of lymphedema. In chronic lymphedema however, not only the canalicular lymphatic system, but also the tissues, and integral part of the lymphatic system, are affected. In chronic lymphedema, canalicular repair, for reasons of quantitative lymph drainage, exceptionally only provides a "restitutio ad integrum" of the tissues, altered by lymph stasis. PMID- 7026913 TI - Alymphatic pedicles. PMID- 7026914 TI - Cellular mechanisms in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of asthma. PMID- 7026915 TI - Eosinophils and immunologic lung disease. PMID- 7026916 TI - Drug allergy, an update. PMID- 7026917 TI - Basic immune mechanisms in immediate hypersensitivity. PMID- 7026918 TI - A conceptual approach to immunodeficiency. AB - Immunodeficiency represents a congenital or acquired aberration of immune function which is commonly associated with autoimmunity and neoplasia as a potential triad of biologic sequelae. Irrespective of the initial focal point in the triad, the natural evolution of the condition is frequently associated with the other two. This conceptualization should increase the clinician's ability in a more understanding approach to the evaluation and care of immunocompromised patients. PMID- 7026919 TI - A sequential diagnostic model for medical questioning. AB - A medical interview is a very important part of medical treatment since it is conducted when a patient is first admitted to a hospital and treatment is decided afterwards. However, these interviews are not always carried out in sufficient detail because physicians have very heavy work-loads. The development of automated medical questioning equipment which tabulates the answers to questions into a form easily understood by physicians, which enumerates data on doubtful diseases and which indicates pertinent medical examinations may come to the aid of patients and physicians. This paper presents a new diagnostic theory for the design of automated medical questioning equipment. Diagnostic theories can be classified into batch and sequential theories; the authors have investigated the sequential one, because decisions are made using minimal data. The techniques supporting this theory are multi-class recognition systems based on independently designed dual-class recognition systems and Wald's Sequential Probability Ratio Test. To discuss the properties inherent in the present theory, classification of three pattern classes was made. These were normal, hypertension and myocardial infarction classes of patients. The mean error probability of classification was found to be 3.08%. PMID- 7026920 TI - Data decay, significance and confidentiality: a time-oriented data-model for comprehensive care. AB - Long-term computer-held clinical records present new problems for data organization and for the protection of patients' privacy. To maintain clarity and to protect confidentiality, it is important that most information becomes less accessible and less prominent with time. A data-model is presented which allows the representation and manipulation of complex time-dependent relationships among data, but which imposes sufficient limits to allow efficient corrections and deletions. One useful consequence of the model is a natural analogy and potential link to the methods of production systems and 'expert systems' currently being developed by workers in artificial intelligence. PMID- 7026921 TI - [Perforating granuloma annulare]. AB - A case of Generalized Perforating Granuloma Annulare of 15 years duration is described. The rarity of the disease is emphasized and the similarity of the lesions to those observed in papulonecrotic tuberculid noted. The lesions responded well to systemic and locally applied cortisone. PMID- 7026922 TI - [Ackerman's verrucous carcinoma on the lower lip]. AB - A patient with Ackerman's verrucous carcinoma located on the transitional epithelium of the lower lip is described. No previous cases have been reported with this location. The clinical course was similar to verrucous carcinoma arising on other areas of skin or mucosae. Viral particles were not found on ultrastructural studies. The response to conservative surgical treatment was excellent. PMID- 7026923 TI - [Duhring-Brocq disease and myoma]. PMID- 7026924 TI - [Pachyonychia congenita]. AB - The authors describe a new case of this unusual disease, which correspond to a three years old girl, derived from a family without others observations nor consaguinity between her parents. The clinic-neurological examen was normal. The typical dermatological lesions were quite clear to the diagnostic. The pathological anatomy showed the typical structure. PMID- 7026925 TI - [Treatment of chromoblastomycosis with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine]. AB - The authors are confirming the efficacy of the combination of Anfotericina B y 5 fluorocitosine in the treatment of Cromoblastomicosis. The used program was as follows: 50 mg. of Anfotericine-B by intravenous injection every two days during 13 weeks (39 dosis). Simultaneously tablets of 500 mg. of 5-fluorocitesina, every 6 hours, oral, also daily during 13 weeks (194 gramos dosis total) were given. The two treated patients were under monthly control during 10 months and observing no relapse of the disease, with other words there exists already a clinical and histological cure (healing). In one case it was observed a change in the ble blood chemistry which spontaneously normalized when suspending the combined treatment for one week and did not repeat when starting a new treatment. PMID- 7026926 TI - [Pichyonychia congenita]. AB - The Authors have followed three cases of congenital pachyonychia. Genetical studies were done to them and their families. The patients had a thorough physical examination, Histopathological studies of the nails and Aminoaciduria was investigated. Different treatments were considered. PMID- 7026927 TI - [Lichenoid sarcoidosis on skin tattoos produced by traditional herbal treatments]. AB - An unusual case of generalised sarcoidosis of the skin on tattoo marks done two years for "medicinal" purposes on a 56 year old woman is presented. The lesions were lichenoid and scaly in appearance with closely grouped papules. The old tattoo marks on the skin were not involved and areas of skin between the new tattoo marks were also spared. In addition, the sarcoidosis lesion were pruritic and burning. The circumstantial evidence indicated the medical agent applied on the tattoo wounds as the provocative factor for the development of sarcoidosis of the skin. PMID- 7026928 TI - [Nail-patella syndrome]. AB - Four familiar cases of the Nail-patella syndrome are reported in this article. All the patients displayed clinical and radiographic changes characteristic of this syndrome. All of them had elongated and sharp-pointed postero-inferior iliac prominences. This bony abnormality has not been previously described in this syndrome. PMID- 7026929 TI - [Action of 2% dexamethasone linoleate cream in various dermatoses]. AB - A therapeutic trial with a 2% dexamethasone linoleate cream in diverse dermatosis showed very good results in 83%. The best results were recorded in toxic eczema and irritative dermatitis, contact dermatitis, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. The tolerance was excellent in all the cases and no side effects were observed. PMID- 7026930 TI - [Jorge Lobo disease. Study of 22 new cases]. PMID- 7026931 TI - [Harlequin fetus]. PMID- 7026932 TI - [Sycosis of the beard (tinea barbae). Analysis of 42 cases]. AB - 42 patients suffering from dermatophytic fungus infection involving the bearded area, face and neck (tinea barbae) were seen in the Clinic between 1970 and 1977. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic examination (KOH) of skin and hair scrapings in all the patients. The material obtained from 39 patients and inoculated gave a positive culture; in were isolated and following fungi: T rubrum-18, T. mentagrophytes-16, T. megninii-1, T. violaceum-2, M. canis-2. From the clinical point of veiw it was possible to classify the patients in 3 main types: --Superficial type-11 patients. --Kerion-10 patients (T. mentagrophytes-9, M. canis-1). --Nodular type-deep seated nodules, without discharging, very slow evolution - 21 patients (T. mentagrophytes-4, T. rubrum-13, T. megninii-1, T. violaceum-1). It was obtained material for histology in 13 patients: 3 suffering from kerion and 10 with the nodular clinical type. The histology of the Kerion type showed a marked inflammatory reaction consisting largely of neutrophils surrounding the hair follicles. Only in one examination, out of the 3 patients studied with Kerion, showed fungi, on PAS. The 10 patients suffering from the nodular type of infection who were studied histologically showed a more or less uniform picture, which consisted in a more deep seated infiltration specially consisting of lymphocytes and plasmocytes, on the derme but not so perifollicular as in Kerion and, in 2 cases, there was a tendency to form a tuberculoid structure. The PAS was positive in 6 patients. The fungi were always intrafollicular. All the patients were treated with griseofulvin 1 gr. per day. All of them healed after a period of 4-8 weeks of treatment. PMID- 7026933 TI - [Cellular immunodeficiency in superficial mycoses and cutaneous viroses]. AB - The cell mediated immunity is studied in 1,500 patients with a superficial fungal infections or a cutaneous vitral infection (warts, condylomata and recurrent herpes simplex). None of the patients have another cutaneous or systemic disease. Delayed cutaneous or systemic disease. Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity test for primary cellular immune response (DNCB) and secondary response (PPD), are significantly decreased in these skin disorders. The peripheral lymphocytes and the T lymphocytes of the blood of patients with warts and recurrent herpes, are also decreased. These skin diseases may be clinical signs of a partial and/or a transitory cell mediated immune deficiency. PMID- 7026934 TI - [Incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger. Report of a patient with cerebral changes]. AB - The clinical case refers to a three months-old female patient with incontinentia pigmenti. The cutaneous lesions, were the predominant features of the dermatosis; it consisted in vesicles, bullae, hyperkeratosis and pigmentation forming bizarre patterns. Associated with the dermatosis there were neurological abnormalities, which consisted in cerebral ulegiria. The child died during an episode of bronchiolitis. The necropsy showed; ulegiria cerebral, severe bronchopneumonia lobar and the cutaneous lesions. PMID- 7026935 TI - [Morphology, morohogenesis, localization and diagnostic value of paramyxovirus like particles]. AB - Considering the most relevant features registered in the literature about the paramyxovirus-like structures, and based on personal investigations, it is allowed to accept that they are membranous structural differentiations of the endoplasmatic reticulum. They represent products of cellular degeneration towards the most heterogeneous stimuli. Their viral origin can be eliminated due to their presence in a variety of diseases non correlated physiopathologically. Their fast constant presence in the cases of lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis allows to consider the paramyxovirus-like structures as an ultraestructural sign of diagnostic value in these diseases. PMID- 7026936 TI - [Mascaro's eccrine syringofibroadenoma. Discussion of a case]. AB - The authors report a case of eccrine syringofibroadenoma. The only difference with the original cases as described by Mascaro in 1963 is that it contains only a few glandular structures. The histologic pattern is also similar to that of the acrosyringeal naevus recently described by Weedon and Lewis, so that it seems needless using a new terminology: these tumors can be considered as examples of eccrine sytingofibroadenoma. PMID- 7026937 TI - [Erythema figuratum]. PMID- 7026938 TI - [Occupational and familial sporotrichosis]. AB - The incidence of occupational mycoses and the main criteria to make a correct diagnosis are commented. The sources of infection of the superficial and deep professional mycotic infections are analysed. The occurrence of an epidemic outbreak of sporotrichosis in 13 members of one family is reported. The parents and 11 sibling were infected with the grass utilized for the filling of mattress, in a small domestic craftsmanship. PMID- 7026939 TI - [Lipoidproteinosis]. AB - We report the first case of L.P. in our country with typical lesions of skin, pharyngeal and laryngeal mucous membranes. Our observation did not indicate any history of consanguinity nor family incidence, nor visceral engagement. The hepatic biopsy was normal. Connected with the main illness we found a radiopaque area in the right frontal bone which engaged the interior and exterior walls, and a calcification nodule in the base of the right maxillary sinus. PMID- 7026940 TI - [Verrucous hemangioma (neviform verrucous acrohemangioma)]. AB - A case of verrucous haemangioma in a eighteen-years old patient, during her second pregnancy is reported. The lesions were localized on the dorsal aspect of the right foot and leg, simulating clinically the angiokeratoma circunscriptum naeviforme. The diagnosis was first firmed by the histologic features of the malformation on superficial, medial and deep dermis and a rough epidermic reactivity. It has been discussed the mean differential diagnosis and commented that those type of hemangiomatous lesions (macular and elevated lesions) plus varicosities, without hypertrophy of the limb, may represent a discrete form of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. The authors propose the name "Verrucous neviform acrohaemangioma" for those cases similar to this one and to make a difference from other type of haemangioma that became verrucous. PMID- 7026941 TI - [Critique of the basic elements on which various syphilis treatments are founded]. AB - Certain basic treatments of syphilis depend on the following theories: 1) All treponema divide every 30 to 33 hours. Experiments have shown that this idea is only valid during the phase of exponential growth, i.e. it corresponds to the period lyinu between penetration of the germ into the organism and the onset of the initial lesion. One should also be reserved about a whole series of factors which may interfere with the rate of multiplication of treponema. 2) Blood penicillin levels of 0.03 U./ml. would destroy all treponema during cell division. It seems that the efficacy of penicillin mainly depends on levels, at the time of multiplication of the spirochetes. This level of 0.03 U./ml., according to Eagle, should be considered as an average serum concentration, the concentration of maximum efficacy is much higher, about 0.825 U./ml. In any case, it is not possible to obtain with a single dose, equal for all subjects, fixed and certain penicillin levels. For a given quantity injected, serum levels vary from one subject to another and, in the same individual, from one time to another. 3) The epidemiological results do not seem to confirm the optimistic forecasts of certain venereologists who thought that with a standard therapeutic method, it would be possible to eradicate syphilis. PMID- 7026942 TI - [Clinical trial of diflucortolone. Preliminary report]. AB - Diflucortolone valerianate, a new fluorinated corticosteroid for tropical use, was applied in 52 patients suffering of diverse inflammatory dermatosis. The maximum observation time was 3 weeks. The results were, very good in 63.46%; good in 28.84%; regular in 1.92 %, and bad in 5.76%. In 73.7% of the cases good results were obtained in less than 2 weeks. The cream was cosmetically well accepted and there were no observed side effects. PMID- 7026943 TI - Lymphoreticular neoplasia in the nose. AB - A clinical-pathological discussion of three lymphoreticular neoplastic disease is presented, with illustrative case histories. These are 1. malignant midline reticulosis; 2. extramedullary plasmacytoma; 3. histiocytic lymphoma. Responsibility for exact diagnosis rests with the otolaryngologist to provide accurate and representative biopsy material for the pathologist. Because of the rarity of the disorders, the pathologist is entitled to repeat biopsies and consultations as needed. Although treatment is at the hands of others -- oncologists and radiation therapists -- the examining expertise of the otolaryngologist is essential in the care of these patients. PMID- 7026944 TI - Abnormal insulin levels and vertigo. AB - Fifty patients with unexplained vertigo (36) or lightheadedness (14) are evaluated, all of whom had abnormal ENGs and normal audiograms. Five hour insulin glucose tolerance tests were performance on all patients, with insulin levels being obtained fasting and at one-half, one, two, and three hours. The results of this investigation were remarkable. Borderline or abnormal insulin levels were discovered in 82% of patients; 90% were found to have either an abnormal glucose tolerance test or at least borderline insulin levels. The response to treatment in these dizzy patients was also startling, with appropriate low carbohydrate diets improving the patient's symptoms in 90% of cases. It is, therefore, apparent that the earliest identification of carbohydrate imbalance with an insulin glucose tolerance test is extremely important in the work-up of the dizzy patients. PMID- 7026945 TI - "How I do it"--plastic surgery. Practical suggestions on facial plastic surgery. Microneural techniques for nerve grafting. PMID- 7026946 TI - [Some aspects of the human influenza infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026947 TI - [The significance of the isolation of anaerobic bacteria for clinicians (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026948 TI - [The clinical significance of gastrointestinal hormones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7026949 TI - Calcium overload in endotoxemia. PMID- 7026950 TI - The actions of insulin on cardiac contractility. PMID- 7026951 TI - Calcium-dependent proteolysis in living cells. PMID- 7026952 TI - Liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the female rat: effects of ovariectomy and estradiol administration. PMID- 7026953 TI - The role of calcium in cell death. PMID- 7026954 TI - Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists induce ovulation in hypophysectomized proestrous rats: direct ovarian effect. PMID- 7026955 TI - Induction of a neutral protease from rat intestine by a dietary manipulation. PMID- 7026956 TI - [Potentials and prospects of human tumor cloning methods]. PMID- 7026957 TI - [Bibliographic index of inventions in radionuclide diagnosis and radiation therapy for the 2d half of 1980]. PMID- 7026958 TI - [Potentials of positive scintigraphy in the diagnosis of malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 7026959 TI - [Relation of the animal skin reaction in local irradiation to the dosage and nature of its fractionation]. PMID- 7026960 TI - Chronic pain behavior: concepts and management. PMID- 7026961 TI - Mobilizing supports for the elderly patient. PMID- 7026962 TI - Minor surgery in the office of the primary care physician. PMID- 7026963 TI - [Physiological basis for pharmacotherapy with iron]. PMID- 7026964 TI - [Ferritin. Structure and function]. PMID- 7026965 TI - [Effects of lead on the erythrocyte system]. PMID- 7026966 TI - [Toxicity and metabolism of acrylonitrile]. AB - The paper presents the problem of occupational exposure to acrylonitrile vapours and toxic properties of this compound, as well as its metabolism in experimental animals, including its administration route. In addition, it deals with the mechanism of its toxic effects depending on the reactivity of the functional group of acrylonitrile particle. The authors discuss also the latest views on the capacity of acrylonitrile metabolites [S-(2-cyanoethyl)-mercapturic acid and rhodanates], depending on the route of acrylonitrile administration to rats. PMID- 7026967 TI - [Biochemical indicators of toxic kidney damage]. PMID- 7026968 TI - Dedication to Donald G. Walker. PMID- 7026969 TI - Effect of intermittent physiologic hyperglucagonemia on postprandial plasma glucose levels in normal man. AB - The ability of glucagon to impair glucose tolerance has been questioned by studies involving infusion of exogenous glucagon during a glucose load. Since such hormone administration may not reflect the physiologic pattern of glucagon secretion and may result in hepatic downregulation to glucagon, the present experiments have examined the effects of intermittent endogenous hyperglucagonemia (induced by episodic infusion or arginine) on plasma glucose profiles of normal man following ingestion of mixed meals. In control studies following meal ingestion, plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon increased respectively 15-30 mg/dl, 30-60 uU/ml and 25-50 pg/ml. When meals were accompanied by arginine infusions, plasma glucagon responses were augmented three to fourfold (p less than 0.05). Amplitudes of glycemic excursions during infusion of arginine (345 +/- 40 mg/dl) were significantly augmented compared to those observed in control studies (286 +/- 34 mg/dl, p less than 0.02). These results indicate that intermittent increases in plasma glucagon within the physiologic range can adversely affect postprandial glucose profiles in normal man despite concomitant hyperinsulinemia and suggest that such hyperglucagonemia may contribute to impaired postprandial glucose tolerance in diabetic individuals in whom insulin secretion is deficient. PMID- 7026970 TI - A role for endogenous prostaglandins in defective glucose potentiation of nonglucose insulin secretagogues in diabetics. AB - Noninsulin dependent diabetics have insulin responses to nonglucose secretagogues that are subnormal for their plasma glucose levels. Since endogenous prostaglandins have been implicated in the abnormal insulin responses to glucose in diabetics, the present study was performed to explore whether prostaglandins might also play a role in the defective insulin responses to nonglucose stimuli. We examined the effects of infusions of either prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or sodium salicylate (SS), a PG synthesis inhibitor, on the acute insulin responses (AIR's) to arginine and isoproterenol and on the glucose potentiation of the insulin response to arginine in both normal and diabetic subjects. The AIR to arginine was augmented by SS in diabetics (SS = 61 +/- 12 microunits/ml, control = 37 +/- 5 microunits/ml, n = 11, p less than .01). SS, however, had no effect on the AIR to arginine in normal subjects (SS = 39 +/- 4 microunits/ml. control = 34 +/- 4 microunits/ml, n = 6, p = ns). Similarly, SS augmented the AIR to an isoproterenol pulse in diabetics (SS = 38 +/- 9 microunits/ml, control = 18 +/- 3, n = 9, p less than .05) but not in normal subjects (SS = 19 +/- 4 microunits/ml, control = 21 +/- 4 microunits/ml, n = 8, p = ns), suggesting a SS sensitive defect in the insulin response to these nonglucose stimuli in diabetics. Conversely, PGE2 inhibited the AIR to arginine in diabetics (PGE = 28 +/- 5 microunits/ml, control = 39 +/- 7 microunits/ml, n = 7, p less than .05), but not in normal subjects (PGE = 74 +/- 7 microunits/ml, control = 80 +/- 14 microunits/ml, n = 5, p = ns). The effect of SS on glucose potentiation of the AIR to arginine was studied by measuring the AIR to arginine at two different levels of plasma glucose, one before and one after an insulin infusion, with glucose potentiation defined as the ratio delta AIR/delta prestimulus glucose. Glucose potentiation was significantly less in diabetics than in normals and SS significantly improved glucose potentiation toward normal values in diabetics but did not change glucose potentiation in normals. These findings suggest that endogenous PG's may play a role in the defective glucose potentiation of the AIR to nonglucose secretagogues in diabetics resulting in impaired insulin responses to these stimuli. This defect is partially reversible by an inhibitor of PG synthesis. PMID- 7026971 TI - Changes in body composition following therapy of osteoporosis with methandrostenolone. AB - A two compartment, double-blind, randomized, parallel study was performed comparing methandrostenolone with placebo in the treatment of osteoporosis. The duration of the study was 24 mo. Dependent parameters included total body calcium (TBCa), measured by neutron activation analysis: bone mineral content of the radius (BMC), measured by photon absorptiometry; and total body potassium (TBK), measured by total body counting. A significant increase in TBK occurred in the treated group, primarily in the first 6 mo; thereafter the TBK remained fairly constant. No significant changes in bone mass occurred, except the 6 mo TBCa measurement increased by 11 grams for the methandrostenolone group and decreased by 6 grams for the placebo group (p = .05). Other evidence also suggests that anabolic steroids may not produce sustained uncoupling of bone formation and bone resorption in osteoporosis. If methandrostenolone is capable of producing an increment in bone mass in osteoporosis, it was not readily observable with the sensitivity of the techniques employed in this study PMID- 7026972 TI - Studies on the sparing effect of exercise on insulin requirements in human subjects. AB - The reduced insulin response of trained subjects in the presence of normal glucose tolerance has been confirmed. It was also found that this beneficial effect of exercise is greatly reduced if trained subjects are inactive for 3 days while eating ad libidum. During that period excessive food intake (3291 cal/day) was noted. However, when the subjects were on a restricted diet (2076 cal/day) the reduced insulin response to a glucose load was retained. The ratio of food intake with regard to caloric utilization is possibly the important modulator of the action of exercise on insulin requirements. The effect of exercise on insulin secretion was also found to be acquired rapidly since it was observed 18 hr after 1 hr of physical activity at 70% of V02 max in non-trained subjects. For all these studies a correlation (p less than 0.01) was found between the secretion of insulin in response to glucose challenge and both basal plasma glucose and insulin. PMID- 7026973 TI - Repair of interstrand cross-links in DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires two systems for DNA repair: the RAD3 system and the RAD51 system. AB - We have studied the role of the excision-repair system and the recombination repair system in the removal of cross-links and monoadducts caused by furocoumarins plus 360 nm radiation in yeast DNA by neutral and alkaline sucrose gradients and by a fluorometric procedure which detects cross-linked DNA molecules. We found that the excision-repair system, represented by the rad3 mutations, is required both for the removal of monoadducts, causing single-strand break formation, and for the removal of cross-links, causing double-strand break formation. The recombination-repair system, represented by the rad51 mutation, is necessary for double-strand break repair following cross-link removal, but it has no role in the repair of monoadducts. It can be concluded, that at least some of the same enzymes are used in yeast for both the excision of pyrimidine dimers and the excision of cross-links or monoadducts caused by furocoumarins plus light. The RAD3 and RAD51 repair systems, which act independently in the repair of UV induced lesions, are part of a single system for the repair of cross-links. PMID- 7026974 TI - Initiation of chromosomal DNA synthesis in vitro. AB - An in vitro complementation assay for initiation of chromosomal DNA replication is described. The initiation reaction is dependent upon extract from either of two hybrid-plasmid containing strains. Each hybrid plasmid carries a suppressor of dna A-ts mutations. The in vitro DNA synthesis is heavily biased toward the origin region, and the origin of replication (oriC) is replicated as determined by DNA-DNA hybridizations. PMID- 7026975 TI - Isolation of fusions between the lac genes and several genes of the exu regulon: analysis of their regulation, determination of the transcription direction of the uxaC-uxaA operon, in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Gene fusions between the lac structural genes and different genes of the hexuronate system were isolated by the two methods described by Casadaban (1976, 1979). Mud (Apr lac) mutants which have the lac genes fused to the regulatory region of exuT, uxaC, uxaA and uxaB genes were constructed. Separately, the lac genes carried by a lambda plac-Mu hybrid phage were placed into a Mucts prophage inserted into uxaC gene and fusions were obtained, by selection of deletions putting the lac genes under the control of the uxaC regulatory elements. Induction of the lysogen led to the isolation of a lambda transducing phage bearing this uxaC-lac fusion. In all the fusion strains, beta-galactosidase expression was shown to be inducible by the natural inducers of hexuronate system enzymes, sensitive to catabolite repression and under the negative control of the exuR regulatory gene. The mutants with Mu insertion were used to establish the direction of transcription of the uxaC-uxaA operon, which is counter-clockwise on the circular genetic map of Escherichia coli (from uxaC to uxaA). PMID- 7026976 TI - Regulation of ferric iron transport in Escherichia coli K12: isolation of a constitutive mutant. AB - The lac genes were inserted with phage Mu(Ap, lac) into the fhuA, fepA, cir and tonB genes which specify components of iron uptake systems. The expression of lac in all these operon fusions was controlled by the availability of iron to the cells, thereby facilitating a quick and simple measurement of the expression of the genes listed above. In an iron rich medium under anaerobic conditions all systems were strongly repressed. fhuA was depressed at higher iron concentration than was fepA or cir, and tonB was repressed only under anaerobic conditions and could be induced by iron limitation. Mutants constitutive for the expression of beta-galactosidase were selected in a fhuA-lac fusion strain. The outer membrane proteins Cir, FhuA, FecA, 76K and 83K were made constitutively in such mutant strains. Therefore, they were termed fur mutants. In these fur mutant strains, the synthesis of a 19K protein was reduced. Furthermore, it was found that transport of ferric enterochelin and ferrichrome was also constitutive in the fur mutant cells, and that ferric citrate uptake could be induced by only 10 microM citrate in the growth medium in contrast to wild-type cells in which at least 100 microM citrate was necessary. The fepA gene was concluded to be under an additional control, because it was not fully derepressed by the fur mutation. PMID- 7026977 TI - Ribosomal mutation in Escherichia coli affecting membrane stability. AB - Mutations in ribosomal protein L6 cause (i) loss of viability of cells at 0 degrees C, which can be prevented by the presence of sodium chloride or 20% sucrose in the medium, (ii) influx of compounds at low temperature that normally cannot penetrate, and (iii) a defective assembly and maturation of 30S and 50S subunits at low temperature. It is proposed that abnormal interaction of immature subunits (or mutant 70S ribosomes) with the cytoplasmic membrane is responsible for triggering breakdown of membrane stability during cold shock. PMID- 7026978 TI - The initiation of chromosome replication in a dnaAts46 and a dnaA+ strain at various temperatures. AB - The regulation of chromosome replication initiation was studied at various temperatures with an E. coli dnaA46 strain and its dnaA+ parent. We find that, in both strains, the "initiation mass" varies depending upon growth temperature while the replication time remains constant relative to the cell doubling time. In the permissive temperature range, the initiation mass of the dnaA46 mutant strain is larger by a constant factor than that for a dnaA+ strain. We conclude that, even at temperatures permissive for growth of the dnaA46 strain, the activity of the dnaA46 product is lower than that of the wild-type protein. The dnaA gene product, therefore, plays an important role in regulating initiation. PMID- 7026979 TI - Continuous treatment with natural oestrogens and progestogens. A method to avoid endometrial stimulation. AB - Treatment of menopausal symptoms with a combination of natural oestrogens (17beta oestradiol and oestriol) and a gestagen (norethisterone acetate), given continuously without interruption, has been found to have a good effect on menopausal symptoms, at the same time as the endometrium is maintained or brought to an atrophic state. This method seems to be a new approach to oestrogenic therapy, and in spite of the inconvenience of rather frequent--though as a rule very slight--bleeding during the first months of treatment, it should be of value. After 3-4 mth of treatment bleeding practically never occurs and the endometrium almost invariably becomes completely atrophic. It would seem that this might imply a lowered risk of development of endometrial cancer. A series of 265 patients treated in accordance with this principle for up to more and than 4 yr is presented. PMID- 7026980 TI - Ageing and circadian rhythm of plasma renin and aldosterone. AB - Five men and 8 women, 60-69 yr of age, and 4 men and 5 women, 17-37 yr of age, volunteered for this exploration of possible age-related changes in circadian rhythm (CR) characteristics of radioimmunoassayable plasma renin (PRA) and aldosterone (PA). Blood was drawn at 06.00, 08.00, 12.00, 18.00, 20.00 and 24.00 from recumbent subjects on a habitual sodium intake of 120-140 mEq/24 h. Time qualified data of PRA and PA, fitted by a 24-h cosine curve, were summarized by a population mean-cosinor method. Circadian characteristics were compared by a multivariate analysis using Hotelling's t2 test. Rhythmometry reveals in the elderly women a lower mesor (P less than 0.001) and amplitude (P = 0.036) of the CR in PRA and a higher mesor and amplitude (P = 0.021 and P = 0.020, respectively) of the PA-CR. The PRA acrophase is delayed (P less than 0.001) in the elderly women (04.40 vs. 08.04) while the timing of the PA acrophase is similar in the age groups of women compared (05.52 vs. 05.20). These differences found in women were not observed in the smaller groups of men. The seventh decade of life may be characterized by an internal circadian desynchronization between the major components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. A sex-dependent amplification of the extent of circadian variation in aldosterone may precede a decrease in the circadian amplitude occurring during the eighth decade of life, as a sign of the adrenopause in women. PMID- 7026981 TI - Climacteric symptom formation: Donovan's contribution. AB - Engaged in evaluating the then newly introduced hormonal therapy of the climacteric syndrome, Donovan, late professor of obstetrics and gynaecology, of Rochester, NY, reached the conclusion that this complex of symptoms was only a clinical artifact. It was, he claimed, the result of the selective attention of doctors when securing medical histories. Though written 30 years ago, Donovan's paper is apparently still provocative enough to be regularly quoted. It has, however, never been closely examined. Looked at in a different light, Donovan's research appears even more interesting. The apparent paradoxes he reports disappear when it is remembered that symptoms are not data but means of communication. His perceptive picture of the influence of doctors on the formation of climacteric symptoms is especially convincing. Much of this is because the main conclusions of this research seem to have come almost as a surprise, forcing themselves on a worker engaged in a restricted field of his speciality. These circumstances probably also account for the relatives shown in drawing more general conclusions from it findings. PMID- 7026982 TI - Polysaccharide accumulation in the cell division defective mutant, Escherichia coli 15T-R1. AB - The low temperature dependent cell division defective mutant, Escherichia coli 15T-R1, displays a wide range of cell lengths (2 to 500 micrometer) in late logarithmic phase cultures grown at 24 degrees C. When these cells were stained with a periodic acid-Schiff technique and viewed under light microscopy, polysaccharide accumulations appeared as discretely stained areas at the poles, and at sites throughout the cytoplasm of elongated cells. A statistical analysis of the relationships between the size of stained areas and cell size, indicated that the total amount of polysaccharide increased with increasing cell length. This occurred both by an increase in size of existing polysaccharide-stained areas and by the creation of new area. Interestingly, over a wide range of cell size, the ratio of cell volume occupied by polysaccharide to total cell volume remained nearly constant with a mean of about 0.16. These data suggest the existence of a homeostatic mechanism for regulating polysaccharide concentration during elongation. PMID- 7026983 TI - Feasibility of using automatic image-analysis for measuring deposition of Streptococcus mutans onto glass, in terms of percentage coverage and mean clump size. PMID- 7026984 TI - Microcalorimetric studies of Klebsiella aerogenes grown in chemostat culture. 1 Glucose-limited cultures. AB - The heat evolved during the aerobic growth of cells of K. aerogenes in continuous culture in carbon-limiting medium has been measured with a flow-microcalorimeter. Problems associated with aeration, pump rates, temperature, etc, have been eliminated. The measured heat output depends on the time taken for the cells to reach the calorimeter from the chemostat, from such results the rate of heat production in the chemostat can be calculated. Although the measured power output is independent of the dilution rate, the specific power output increases with increasing dilution rate and attains a constant value at D greater than 0.65 h-1. The variation of the specific power output with dilution rate is compared with variation of the yield value with dilution rate and values for growth-rate dependent and growth-rate independent maintenance energies calculated. PMID- 7026985 TI - Titration of bactericidal activity against smooth and rough strains of Salmonella which are resistant in isotonic medium. AB - Bactericidal factors in antisera against various chemotype strains of Salmonella were assayed by means of the spot method. Certain smooth and rough strains were resistant to the killing effect of immune mouse sera when the activity was assayed in an isotonic salt medium and guinea pig complement was used. However, the sensitivity was found to be increased in various degrees by assaying it in a medium containing hypotonic concentrations of NaCl or tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane-HCl (Tris-HCl). Keeping the resistant bacteria in hypotonic solutions before or after treatment with complement increased the titer of antiserum, indicating that the hypotonic solution increases the sensitivity of bacterial cells to the antiserum and/or complement. The optimal salt concentration for the assay of serum-sensitive and -resistant smooth strains was 0.02 M NaCl. With Ra through Rd chemotype strains, 0.1 M NaCl before complement treatment and 0.05 M NaCl after the treatment was the best. Isotonic medium was necessary for the titration of the Re chemotype strain. Specificity of the killing effect which was assayed by the hypotonic spot method was shown by adsorption studies on the immune sera. Use of C4-deficient guinea pig complement resulted in low titers against certain strains of bacteria and high titers were restored by the addition of the C4 component of complement. These results indicate that serologically specific bactericidal factors including antibody can be assayed by the spot method using hypotonic NaCl or Tris-HCl. PMID- 7026986 TI - In vitro growth of Mycobacterium lepraemurium under the influence of macrophage cultures. AB - Elongation and limited multiplication of Mycobacterium lepraemurium was observed extracellularly when the bacilli spotted on a coverslip were placed face to face with cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages adhering to the inside of a test tube held at an angle of 15 degree. There was no doubt that certain growth promoting but unstable factors were released from the macrophages. PMID- 7026987 TI - Murine defense mechanism against Candida albicans infection. II. Opsonization, phagocytosis, and intracellular killing of C. albicans. AB - The phagocytic and intracellular killing activities of normal mouse phagocytes against Candida albicans were studied to elucidate the role of these activities in nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms. In the presence of fresh normal mouse serum, viable C. albicans cells were ingested by mouse peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and peritoneal macrophages (PMPs) at the same rate. Serum chelation experiments indicated that the factors involved in the alternative complement pathway are opsonins for C. albicans. PBLs killed intracellular C. albicans more effectively than PMPs. Lymphokine-activated PMPs manifested marked intracellular killing activity and the occurrence of increased superoxide anion- and singlet oxygen production, in the absence of increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) production, suggests that the enhanced, MPO-independent, oxidative mechanism may play an important role in the candidacidal activity. Specific rabbit antibodies played no role in the phagocytosis and intracellular killing of C. albicans. These results suggest that PMNs and factors involved in the alternative complement pathways, and lymphokine-activated macrophages play major roles in the protection of mice against C. albicans infection. PMID- 7026988 TI - Endorphins, ventilatory control and sudden infant death syndrome--a review and synthesis. AB - Evidence is reviewed which supports the hypothesis that sudden infant death syndrome and "near-miss" sudden infant death syndrome may be caused by overactivity of the endogenous opioid system (endorphins). The characteristic features of sudden infant death syndrome are listed, and then by reviewing effects that have been observed with (or which would be expected to result from) overactivity of the endogenous opioid system, it is shown that all of the characteristic features of sudden infant death syndrome may be opioid mediated effects. The hypothesis proposes that the endogenous opioid system is tonically overactive for weeks or months prior to death from SIDS causing the ventilatory abnormalities and subtle CNS dysfunction such as behavioral indifference, thermal instability and decreased responsiveness to pinprick which have been noted in these infants. Most significantly, excess CNS endorphin activity explains the quiet asphyxial death during sleep. Research strategies for proving the hypothesis are briefly discussed. PMID- 7026989 TI - Overdistention of the neural tube causes congenital heart disease. AB - Congenital heart disease consists of cardiac anomalies that originated before or during the truncus arteriosus stage. The central nervous system, serving all organs, is the first to develop. It is the only organ possessing a third circulation. Immediately after the neural tube closes at the fourth week, its lining of immature ependymal cells secretes a proteinaceous neural tube fluid (NTF) at a pressure higher than the amniotic pressure. The resulting distention helps to shape not only the embryonic brain and spinal cord but also the bordering mesodermal cells that later will form vertebrae. The choroid plexus does not begin to secrete true cerebrospinal fluid until two weeks later. Should hypersecretion occur during this critical two week interval, the neural tube will overdistend and allow NTF to infiltrate into mesoderm (Fig. 1). Here, this fluid with its extraneous protein, may damage cells that are destined to form the anlagen of mesodermal organs such as the heart. It may also damage the primitive gut resulting in pulmonary, gastrointestinal and genitourinary anomalies. The most convincing evidence that the neural tube had been overdistended is the combination of anterior and posterior spina bifida that constitutes bilateral hemivertebrae. Vertebral anomalies are present in congenital heart disease though scarcely recognizable on the chest film of the newborn. PMID- 7026990 TI - Dynamic electrocardiography IV. The "imaginary cardiac vector" hypothesis: the evolution of the vectorcardiographic inverse solution. PMID- 7026991 TI - Functional mapping of the brain with a histochemical method for the localization of glucose. AB - A histochemical method has been developed for the localization of endogenous glucose in hyperglycemic, hypovolemic brain tissue. The hypothesis proposes that the histochemical method could be modified for reliable use in normal animals, and be used as a potentially powerful tool to map functionally active brain regions. PMID- 7026992 TI - Medical resistance to innovation. AB - A certain amount of resistance to new ideas is normal and functional in science providing the innovations have a means of being tested. A number of differences between medicine and pure science are noted which can result in some medical innovations being ignored or rejected without an adequate assessment. Historical and current instances of resistance to innovation are given. Social organizational factors in medicine appear to favor the acceptance of theoretically glamorous, pharmaceutical, and high technology innovations over simpler and less profitable ones. PMID- 7026993 TI - Possible involvement of endorphin withdrawal or imbalance in specific premenstrual syndromes and postpartum depression. AB - Premenstrual and postpartum dysphoric changes are very prevalent. However, their etiology is still obscure. The authors hypothesize that changes in levels of endorphins may be involved in the pathophysiology of these changes. Studies of various endorphins indicate a possible relationship between levels of endorphins and depressive symptoms. In addition, some studies of naloxone and naltrexone suggest a relationship between a blockage in the action of endorphins and the development of a syndrome of dysphoric symptoms similar to the depressive features manifested premenstrually and postpartum by many women and frequently seen in some depressed outpatients. There is also some evidence that there may be a relationship between elevated levels of endorphins and other subtypes of depressive syndromes. Endorphins and estrogen levels have been shown to covary. During the postpartum and the premenstrual period, levels of both change rapidly and substantially. Therefore the link between changes in levels of endorphins and the dysphoric changes during the periods in focus is supported from three complementary directions: (1) the characteristic psychiatric symptomatology, (2) the reported hormonal changes, and (3) the possible involvement of endorphins in neuroendocrine regulation. PMID- 7026994 TI - Myotonic dystrophy as a disease of abnormal membrane receptors: an hypothesis of pathophysiology and a new approach to treatment. AB - Muscle weakness, clinical myotonia, and multiple systemic organ disturbances characterize myotonic dystrophy. Many of these systemic disturbances involve target organ insensitivity to aminergic or peptidergic (hormonal) stimulation. Reduced density or impaired function of aminergic and peptidergic (hormonal) receptors throughout the body may underlie this disorder. Tricyclic antidepressant augmentation of aminergic function ameliorates depressive symptoms, increases strength, and improves clinical myotonia in myotonic dystrophy patients. PMID- 7026995 TI - Skinny needle pyelography. An advance in uroradiology. AB - Diagnostic puncture of the renal pelvis with a fine-gauge needle inserted under radiological and ultrasound control, has been performed in more than 100 cases. The method is safe, easy to perform for those trained in imaging modalities, and causes little discomfort. Pyelography and pressure flow studies can be made and urine specimens obtained from the upper urinary tract. Skinny needle pyelography is indicated in unilateral non-visualization of the ureter on intravenous pyelography, in acute oliguric renal failure when ultrasound reveals dilated ureters, and when retrograde pyelography is not feasible. The method is cost effective, as it can be performed on outpatients as a follow-on procedure after intravenous pyelography or renal ultrasound scanning. PMID- 7026996 TI - Electrotherapy and "placebo" electrotherapy. A review. AB - Twelve studies comparing electrotherapy with "placebo" electrotherapy are reviewed. Ten studies have shown that electrotherapy is significantly more effective in the treatment of depressive illness than "placebo". These results are in keeping with the clinical view that electrotherapy is a valuable therapeutic technique which at times may be life-saving. PMID- 7026997 TI - beta-Blockade in acute myocardial infarction. Inability of relatively late administration to influence infarct size and arrhythmias. AB - The effects of orally administered timolol maleate (10 mg twice a day) were assessed in 88 patients entered into a double-blind study within 10.74 +/- 5.07 hours of onset of myocardial infarction. Timolol maleate produced no significant change in crude mortality rate, infarct size, incidence of arrhythmias or significant left ventricular failure. Withdrawals from study because of recurrent angina or hypertension were confined to the placebo group. The results of this study suggested that, when given relatively late after infarction, timolol maleate does not reduce either infarct size or incidence of arrhythmias, despite production of a safe and effective beta-blockade. PMID- 7026998 TI - James George Beaney: his authorship. PMID- 7026999 TI - [Influenza]. PMID- 7027000 TI - Transdermal scopolamine for motion sickness. PMID- 7027001 TI - [Development of stomatology in the SAP Vojvodina area after World War II]. PMID- 7027002 TI - [Determination of the orientation of the prosthetic plane]. PMID- 7027003 TI - [Prosthetic-orthodontic analysis of functional values of teeth as related to sex factors]. PMID- 7027004 TI - [Adaptation of patients to dental prostheses]. PMID- 7027005 TI - [Determination of the height of the bite in the redesign of complete prostheses]. PMID- 7027006 TI - [Lipodystrophia diabetica]. PMID- 7027007 TI - [Dentistry--a medical discipline]. PMID- 7027008 TI - [In memoriam. Dr. Djordje Postic]. PMID- 7027009 TI - [Outline of the history of the hospital in Novi Sad (1730-1980)]. PMID- 7027010 TI - Presentation of the 1981 William D. Coolidge Award to James G. Kereiakes. PMID- 7027011 TI - Dye-sensitized photodynamic inactivation of cells. AB - Living cells may be modified in diverse ways by the combined action of visible light and photosensitizing molecules. The effects appear most frequently as disruptions of subcellular structure, changes in surface membrane function or inhibition of mitotic ability. This review concentrates on the four most thoroughly studied cell types--yeast cells, nerve cells, erythrocytes, and cultured tumor cells. Research on these cells indicates that potency of sensitization depends at least as much on the factors affecting an association between sensitizer and cell prior to illumination as on photochemical properties. While sensitizers which permeate may lead to altered DNA, it appears that surface membrane modification occurs simultaneously and may be critical in the inactivation mechanism. There is much circumstantial evidence suggesting that excited singlet molecular oxygen acts as an intermediate between photoexcited sensitizer and target alteration. Proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are all susceptible to photosensitized attack, but the correlation between cellular and molecular modification remains ill-defined. The use of the photodynamic process as a therapeutic technique, particularly in the treatment of malignant tumors, holds great promise, but awaits further research to develop greater selectivity of action. PMID- 7027012 TI - [Pathomorphosis of cystic fibrosis. Current medical and surgical problems in the improved prognosis of cystic fibrosis]. PMID- 7027013 TI - [Genetic and environmental factors in childhood]. PMID- 7027014 TI - [Nutrition problems in cystic fibrosis]. PMID- 7027015 TI - [Clinical and diagnostic aspects of bronchial asthma in childhood]. PMID- 7027016 TI - [Respiratory allergy in childhood. Specific immunotherapy]. PMID- 7027017 TI - [Drug therapy of respiratory allergy in pediatrics]. PMID- 7027018 TI - Toxic shock syndrome: current status and future prospects. PMID- 7027019 TI - Discovery of the arthropod vector of disease. PMID- 7027020 TI - Identification of mastitis pathogens. PMID- 7027021 TI - Baby pig deaths. PMID- 7027022 TI - Models for the binding of methotrexate to Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase: direct effect of carboxylate of aspartic acid 27 upon ultraviolet spectrum of methotrexate. PMID- 7027024 TI - Tolbutamide stimulation of 45Ca fluxes in microdissected pancreatic islets rich in beta-cells. PMID- 7027023 TI - Proteolytic susceptibility of hemoglobin synthesized in the presence of amino acid analogues. PMID- 7027025 TI - Enzymatic synthesis and function of folylpolyglutamates. AB - Derivatives of folic acid occur in nature predominantly as poly (gamma-glutamyl) derivatives containing 2-8 glutamate residues. The data regarding the function of these derivatives, and their biosynthesis by eucaryotic and procaryotic folylpolyglutamate synthetases, is reviewed. The most universal functions of folylpolyglutamates appear to be (a) as the actual cofactors in vivo for folate dependent enzymes, (b) as inhibitors of folate dependent enzymes for which they are not substrates, and (c) to increase retention of folates after they are transported into cells as monoglutamates. Folylpolyglutamates also have numerous specialized functions in specific organisms, e.g. as structural components of some coliphage, and as allosteric regulators in Neurospora crassa. A single enzyme appears responsible for synthesis of all polyglutamate derivatives, regardless of length. With the recent introduction of sensitive assays this folylpolyglutamate synthetase has begun to be characterized. Although procaryotic and eucaryotic synthetases have many dissimilar properties, both types catalyze the ATP-dependent addition of L-glutamate to the gamma-carboxyl of the glutamate present in the folate. Both types also require a monovalent cation and relatively high pH. The most significant differences between the two types are in their folate substrate specificity and the product lengths derived from various folates. PMID- 7027027 TI - The mutagenic properties of hexachloroacetone in short-term bacterial mutagen assay systems. AB - Hexachloroacetone, CCl3--CO--CCl3, reverts the Ames strains TA98 and TA100 but not the non-plasmid strains TA1537, TA1535 and TA1538. In the absence of solvent, the number of revertant colonies is 5 times the spontaneous reversion rate for TA100 and 10 times the spontaneous reversion rate for TA98 with 26 mg hexachloroacetone per plate. This effect is seen in the absence of rat liver microsomes. In dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution a more complicated pattern is seen. In DMSO solution cooled between 18 and 20 degrees C, The maximum nuber of revertants is similar to that found in the absence of DMSO, but only 1.75 mg hexachloroacetone per plate is needed. When DMSO solution of hexachloroacetone is warmed above 20 degrees C, a yellow color develops and the solution becomes more toxic to the test bacteria. The maximum number of revertants is then produced at about 0.5 mg hexachloroacetone per plate. Hexachloroacetone is found to be active, without microsomal activation, in the E. coli WP-2 and E. coli rec-BC test systems. Hexachloroacetone readily reacts with water in DMSO solutions to form the non-mutagenic hexachloroacetone hydrate. PMID- 7027028 TI - Mutagenicity of smoke condensates induced by CO2-laser irradiation and electrocauterization. AB - Smoke condensates generated from mucous membrane of the canine tongue irradiated with a CO2 laser showed mutagenicity on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 under metabolic activation with S9 mix. Strain TA100 was not so sensitive to the condensates with or without S9 mix. Smoke condensates from electrocauterization on the mucosa of the canine tongue also showed mutagenic activity on TA98 and TA100 with S9 mix. The revertant number per mg of the smoke condensates from laser irradiation was one-half that of the smoke condensates from electrocauterization (1623 and 3371) in TA98. The mutagenic potency observed was comparable to that of cigarette smoke. The amount of these smoke condensates from 1 g of tissue was equivalent to those from 3--6 cigarettes as to total mutagenicity. PMID- 7027029 TI - Non-mutagenicity of urine from coffee drinkers compared with that from cigarette smokers. AB - The urine of human coffee drinkers who ingested 12 g of instant coffee per day, during 4 days in a first experiment or 12 g within 2 h in a second experiment, was fractionated by XAD-2 column chromatography. The non-polar urine fractions so obtained were not mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella tester strains TA98 or TA100 in either experiment, either with or without beta-glucuronidase treatment of the urine. The non-polar urine fraction of smokers, who smoked 20--30 cigarettes per day during 4 days in the first experiment or 7--18 cigarettes during 7 h in the second experiment, was mutagenic when metabolically activated. PMID- 7027030 TI - Genetic activity of vinylidene chloride in yeast. AB - Vinylidene chloride (VDC) was tested for its ability to induce both point mutation and mitotic gene conversion in a diploid strain (D7) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a suspension test with and without a mammalian microsomal activation system, and in the intrasanguineous host-mediated assay in mice. In suspension tests with D7, VCD was toxic but not genetically active without microsomal activation. When a mouse liver 10 000 X g supernatant was included in the suspension tests, dose-related increases in both point mutation and mitotic gene conversion were seen at survival levels greater than 50%, at doses of VCD above 20 mM. In the host-mediated assay, VDC induced both point mutation and mitotic gene conversion when recovered from the liver and kidneys after both acute and sub-acute dosing. Yeasts recovered from the lungs showed little, if any, increase in either point mutation or mitotic gene conversion. PMID- 7027031 TI - Mutagenicity and rat-liver S9 demethylation kinetics of N-nitrosomethylaniline and its ring-substituted derivatives. AB - N-nitrosomethylaniline, an esophageal carcinogen in the rat, was inactive in the Ames mutagenicity assay under all conditions examined. However, various ring substituted N-nitrosomethylanilines were found to be mutagenic; some of these did not require activation. No correlation could be found between the rate of demethylation or substituent effects of the ring-substituted N nitrosomethylanilines and mutagenic potency. The protein concentration and levels of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in the liver S9 fraction were determined to be poor indices of the ability of S9 to activate nitrosamines to their mutagenic metabolites. PMID- 7027032 TI - The mutagenic action of aliphatic epoxides. AB - The mutagenic action of 45 epoxides was investigates in Luria and Delbruck's fluctuation test with Klebsiella pneumoniae as test organism. In this test, 36 of the 45 epoxides appeared to be mutagenic. The mutagenicity of 1,2-epoxides decreased with increasing length of the carbon chain. The mutagenic activity of compounds with a non-terminal epoxide group appeared to be less than that of substances with a terminal one. Generally 1,2-epoxide compounds with electronegative groups were more mutagenic than 1,2-epoxypropane. Of the diepoxides, 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane appeared to be more mutagenic than 1,2,7,8 diepoxyoctane, while the ring compounds 1,2,5,6-diepoxycyclooctane was hardly mutagenic. The ring compound 4-vinylcyclohexenedioxide, used in electron microscopy that the antibiotic fosfomycin is among the more potent mutagenic substances investigated in this study. PMID- 7027033 TI - Thiram-induced abnormal chromosome segregation in Aspergillus nidulans. PMID- 7027026 TI - Post-translational carboxylation of preprothrombin. AB - In summary, in this review on the function of vitamin K in post-translational modification of precursor proteins by carboxylation of certain glutamyl residues, I have tried to cover in particular the recent work on the reaction, the enzymes involved and the mechanisms being considered. In doing this I have also considered vitamin K, its discovery, its functional form and the possible relation of its metabolism to the carboxylation reaction. Equally the various vitamin K-dependent gla-containing proteins currently known have been described. The carboxylation of synthetic small molecule exogenous substrates and the synthesis and metabolism of the products of carboxylation are of great help in studying the reaction. Structural specificity of vitamin K analogs in vivo and in vitro has been compared and the use of various antagonists in vivo and in vitro considered in attempts to gain an understanding of the overall reaction. The reactions subsequent to carboxylation, e.g., the activation of prothrombin to thrombin via serine proteases and the related activation of the other vitamin K dependent proteins have not been considered in this review. The review has not covered prothrombin or other vitamin K-dependent protein isolation, nor the determination of these proteins. As the vitamin K-dependent protein carboxylation story has developed over the past six years, a number of reviews have been written which help in keeping up with the various aspects of the field as it has expanded. These reviews refer to many of the papers I have had to eliminate due to space limitations. They are referenced as 469-489. The review is in no sense comprehensive and many papers have been missed or only mentioned. I have tried to concentrate on the more recent work and, thus, much of the very fine work of the 1940's on vitamin K chemistry is hardly mentioned. Some redundancy has been built into the organization of the review so that a reader can obtain a reasonable view of any one section without having to search the whole review for all possible relevant information on any particular part of the field. PMID- 7027034 TI - Chemical characterization of direct-acting airborne mutagens: the functional group. AB - Durham NC air was sampled, extracted, and bioassayed for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Portions of the extracts were treated with sodium borohydride over copper (II) acetylacetonate to reduce any nitroaromatic substances to their corresponding amines. All of the reduced extracts were not directly mutagenic, but the 2 that were derived from cold-weather air samplings did contain substances that could be activated oxidatively. These "indirect acting" mutagens were present in the same 2 reduced extracts that contained detectable concentrations of aromatic amines. These results suggest that a major portion of the total mutagenic activity in air-pollution particles is contributed by nitro-substituted compounds that are detectable as their corresponding amines. They also suggest that the atmospheric concentrations of these substances may be high in the colder months of Durham's year. PMID- 7027035 TI - Inhibition of the mutagenicity of cooked-beef basic fraction by its acidic fraction. AB - By using the Salmonella/microsome system, it was found that the activity of mutagens present in the basic fraction of cooked-ground-beef was completely suppressed by addition of the acidic fraction obtained from the cooked-beef. The suppression was ascribable to the presence of oleic acid in the acidic fraction. This finding indicates that no, or diminished, mutagenicity would be found in materials containing fat. PMID- 7027036 TI - Nuclear mutants of yeast with reduced spontaneous mutability of the mitochondrial genome. AB - Nuclear mutations in yeast were obtained that reduced rates of spontaneous mutations in the mitochondrial genome. The symbol mmg (mutability of mitochondrial genome) is used to designate these mutations. 2 types of mmg mutation are described: semidominant and recessive ones. Each of the 4 mutations studied is located in a separate mmg locus suggesting that there are probably more than 4 mmg loci in the nuclear genome of a yeast cell. PMID- 7027037 TI - A yeast mutant specifically sensitive to bifunctional alkylation. PMID- 7027038 TI - [Chicken macrophages as carrier cells for immunofluorescence with soluble cytoplasmic protein of C. albicans (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027039 TI - Disseminated cutaneous cryptococcosis. PMID- 7027040 TI - Effect of the hemodialysis prescription of patient morbidity: report from the National Cooperative Dialysis Study. AB - This report summarizes morbidity in 151 patients in a cooperative trial designed to evaluate the clinical effects of different dialysis prescriptions. Four treatment groups were divided along two dimensions: dialysis treatment time (long or short), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration averaged with respect to time (TACurea) (high or low). Dietary protein was not restricted. There was no difference in mortality between the groups. Withdrawal of patients from the high BUN groups for medical reasons was significantly greater than withdrawal from the low-BUN groups. Hospitalization was also greater in the high-BUN groups, but dialysis treatment time had no significant effects. The data indicate that the occurrence of morbid events is affected by the dialysis prescription. Increased morbidity appears to accompany prescriptions associated with a relatively high BUN. Conversely, morbidity may be decreased by prescriptions associated with more efficient removal of urea if the dietary intake of protein and other nutrients is adequate. PMID- 7027041 TI - Severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia associated with deficiencies in the release of counterregulatory hormones. PMID- 7027042 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 46-1981. Abdominal pain, fever, and the passage of maroon stools. PMID- 7027043 TI - Acute myelogenous leukemia in remission. PMID- 7027044 TI - Drug therapy: Drugs to decrease alcohol consumption. PMID- 7027045 TI - Budget reconciliation: the new legislative process. PMID- 7027046 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 48-1981. A 27-year-old man with relentless renal failure. PMID- 7027047 TI - The administration responds to the cost spiral. PMID- 7027048 TI - [Physiological importance of microvilli-bound leucine arylamidase in the final digestion of proteins. 2. Comparison of the exopeptidase activities of purified leucine arylamidase, purified microvilli, and microvilli sediment]. PMID- 7027049 TI - New vertebrate brain--gut peptide related to a molluscan neuropeptide and an opioid peptide. PMID- 7027050 TI - A diazaborine derivative inhibits lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. PMID- 7027051 TI - Steps of mRNA translocation in protein biosynthesis. AB - The translocation of the messenger RNA relative to the ribosome during peptide synthesis represents an example of a mechano-chemical reaction in which the chemical bond energy of GTP is transformed into coordinated motion. Such transformations also occur during the beating of cilia and flagellae, the contraction of muscle and the migration of chromosomes in cell division. In protein synthesis the functional geometric and energetic conditions for this transformation are well defined. For each peptide bond formed, the ribosome moves one codon along the mRNA (towards the 3' end) and one molecule of GTP is hydrolysed. Although the basic requirements of this reaction have been elucidated, the mechanism is still unresolved. We demonstrate here that translocation can be analysed as a series of binding equilibria shifted by one irreversible, GTP-consuming step. The shift in the binding equilibrium is induced by the transfer of the peptidyl moiety to the (A) site-bound aminoacyl (AA)-tRNA. This results in the A site-bound tRNA having an increased affinity for the high affinity (P) site, and a strengthened association with the mRNA. Elongation factor (EF) G . GPT catalyses removal of the deacylated tRNA, empties the P site and at the same time loosens ribosome-mRNA association. The result of these changes is that peptidyl(PP)-tRNA . mRNA is shifted from the A site to the P site, binding of AA-tRNA . EF-Tu . GPT to the vacant A site ensuring that the process is irreversible. PMID- 7027052 TI - Microtubule treadmills--possible molecular machinery. AB - Microtubule polymerization in vitro is the summation of different reactions occurring at each end of the polymer. In steady-state conditions in vitro, net tubulin addition on the microtubule occurs at one end of the polymer, and net tubulin loss occurs at the opposite end. Thus, a unidirectional flux of tubulin from one end of the microtubule to the other, or "treadmilling', can occur. The opposite end assembly--disassembly behaviour of microtubules, if it occurs within cells, could be fundamentally linked to the functions of microtubules, as, for example, in the translocation of chromosomes during mitosis. PMID- 7027053 TI - Evolution of rRNA and origin of mitochondria. PMID- 7027054 TI - Diagnosis and management of pyeloureteral necrosis following renal transplantation. PMID- 7027055 TI - North Carolina medical curiosities. The two-headed girl. PMID- 7027056 TI - Comparison of the hemocytometer and tube modifications of the leukocyte adherence inhibition assay -- II. Application of both modifications for detection of anti tumor immunity in man. AB - The hemocytometer and the tube modifications of the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay were compared under identical experimental conditions in patients with carcinoma of the larynx. In the direct test, both modifications showed adherence inhibition if patients peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were incubated with a larynx cancer antigen preparation. Cell-free supernatants obtained by cocultivation of patients PBL with the antigenic extract yielded positive results only in the hemocytometer modification. Those supernatants inhibited the adherence of both normal human PBL and guinea pig peritoneal cells. Human encephalitogenic protein used as antigenic preparation in both direct and indirect hemocytometer modifications caused changes in adherence too. The presented results confirm the opinion that the hemocytometer and tube LAI assays base on different mechanisms. PMID- 7027057 TI - The inhibitory effect of vinylfurans on the glycolysis in tumor and yeast cells. AB - Most of the eighteen vinylfurane derivatives studied fully inhibit the glycolysis of both Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells and respiratory deficient yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae at concentrations lower than 0.5 mmol/l. The inhibition of glycolysis is a consequence of some thiol enzymes inactivation. This concerns namely hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12) and especially 6-phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11). Interference of vinylfurans with energy metabolism resulted in the depression of biosynthetic processes followed (14C-precursors incorporation into proteins and nucleic acids) and finally in the loss of EAC cell transplantability. PMID- 7027058 TI - Immunoperoxidase studies on a tumor-cell-associated antigen(s) in rat renal neoplasms induced by dimethylnitrosamine. AB - Renal neoplasms were induced in rats of Wistar line by a single, intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine (60 mg/kg). The histological investigation indicated that these tumors were entirely mesenchymal in nature. In some of them (16.6%) small adenocarcinomas were seen. Immunological studies were carried out by light and electron microscope, using the immunoperoxidase "bridge" technique. Tumor cell-associated antigen(s) was detected in 62% of the neoplasms examined. This antigen was individual as it did not react with sera from the other tumor bearing rats. It was established that this antigen was located mainly on the plasma membrane and also, even though in a lesser degree, on the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope of the tumor cells of mesenchymal and epithelial origin. Except the existence of tumor cell-associated antigen(s) in these neoplasms, the presence of antibodies produced against them in the sera of the diseased rats were also detected by these investigations. PMID- 7027059 TI - Treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of two trials. AB - Thirty eight patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated protocol 0171 (VCR, PRED, MTX, cyclophosphamide +/- +/- 6-MP) and protocol 0276/A (VRC, PRED, L-ASP, MTX, 6-MP, cyclophosphamide). Overall complete remission rate in both studies was 84--85%, and additional treatment in protocol 0171 resulted in complete remission rate of 92%. Median duration of complete remission in protocol 0171 was 23 months and median survival of all patients was 33 months. Six patients randomized to regimen "A" (without 6-MP in intensification) had median duration of complete remission 8 months and media survival was 13 months. Seventeen patients treated with regimen "B" (with 6-MP in intensification) had median duration of complete remission 25 months and median survival was 39 months. Median survival of patients allocated on protocol 0276/A in 21+ months and median duration of complete remission is 23 months at present. Twelve percent of patients treated with the best regimen have survived more than 66 months in continuous complete remission. The incidence of drug related death in complete responders was 6%. The relapses were most frequent during the first two years of remission. Extramedullary leukemia as the initial site of relapse was observed in 9% of patients. PMID- 7027060 TI - Circulating immune complexes in patients with melanoma. AB - Sera from 51 melanoma patients and from 55 healthy donors were examined for the presence of immune complexes (ICs) by the EA-rosette forming cell inhibition assay. Using a cut-off point of 5% rosette inhibition, ICs were found in 144 out of 213 sera from patients with melanoma (67.6%) and in 11 out of 55 control subjects (20%, p less than 0.001). The percentage of positive results was significantly lower in patients with no evidence of disease (60%) than in patients with clinical symptoms of their tumor (localized disease -- 80%, p less than 0.02, metastatic disease -- 78%, p less than 0.05). The mean inhibitory rate in patients with metastatic disease (21%) was higher than in patients with localized tumor (15.1%, the difference not significant) and than in patients with no evidence of disease (10%, p less than 0.01). The high levels of ICs or a tendency for their increasing in most cases accompanied the dissemination of the neoplasm. The stabilization of ICs on the low levels was found to be a prognostically favorable sign. PMID- 7027061 TI - Noninvasive methods for the measurement of total renal function. PMID- 7027062 TI - 1-year controlled trial of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. AB - A 1-year controlled trial was performed to confirm the effects of 1 alpha hydroxycholecalciferol (1 alpha-OH-D3) in chronic hemodialysis patients. Initially, a daily dose of 2 micrograms of 1 alpha-OH-D3 was given orally to 24 patients and its placebo to another 24 patients during the first 3 months. For the following 9 months the dose of 1 alpha-OH-D3 or its placebo was reduced to 1 microgram per day in the individual groups. Serum calcium was significantly increased to the normal level after 1 month of treatment and sustained at this level for 1 year. Serum parathyroid hormone was significantly decreased at 3 months. Serum alkaline phosphatase was decreased to the normal level at the 5th month and thereafter. At 2 months serum phosphorus was significantly increased in the 1 alpha-OH-D3 group. None of the patients on 1 alpha-OH-D3 showed increased subperiosteal resorption on X-rays, whereas 8 out of 20 patients on placebo did (p less than 0.002). No adverse effects were seen apart from 3 patients with the 'red eye' of scleral calcification. PMID- 7027063 TI - [The effect of inhibition of angiotensin II synthesis on the response of plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to the osmotic and volume-dependent stimuli in uremic patients (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of inhibition of angiotensin II synthesis by captopril on the response of plasma ADH to the osmotic and volume-dependent stimuli has been studied in 15 uremic patients. Captopril administration had no effect either on basal plasma ADH or on plasma ADH response to the osmotic stimulus. Time-course of plasma ADH following hypertonic saline administration and sensitivity of the response (increase of plasma ADH related to increase of plasma sodium) were not modified. On the contrary, the response of plasma ADH to the volume-dependent stimulus induced by hemofiltration was markedly blunted by captopril administration. The sensitivity estimated from the slope of the regression line relating plasma ADH to the cumulated lost volume was clearly diminished. These results suggest that angiotensin II mediates ADH response only to the volume-dependent stimulus. PMID- 7027064 TI - [Resolution of scleroderma renal crisis with thrombotic microangiopathy. Case report (author's transl)]. AB - Renal involvement is a common cause of death in patients with systemic sclerosis (diffuse scleroderma). The poor prognosis is due to malignant hypertension and rapid deterioration of renal function. Therefore bilateral nephrectomy followed by hemodialysis and transplantation are proposed to avoid fatal outcome. The authors describe the case of a 37 year-old male suffering from diffuse scleroderma, and who developed malignant hypertension and renal failure. The renal biopsy and biological investigations showed thrombotic microangiopathy. The plasma renin activity was in a very high range. Control of hypertension and improvement of renal function were obtained by major antihypertensive drugs, i.e. intra-muscular clonidine, propranolol and dihydralazine. 14 months later, plasma creatinine is 2 mg/100 ml and blood pressure is 140/80 mm Hg. This case and similar ones reviewed in the literature demonstrate that bilateral nephrectomy should be performed in "scleroderma renal crisis" only after failure of very potent antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 7027065 TI - [Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. III. Changes in subcellular elements]. PMID- 7027066 TI - [Evoked potentials in spinal cord diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027067 TI - [Herbert Olivecrona (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027068 TI - [James L. Poppen]. PMID- 7027069 TI - [Computed tomography of spine and spinal cord (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027070 TI - Effects of short-term constant light on the proestrous luteinizing hormone surge and pituitary responsiveness in the female rat. AB - We have investigated the effects of exposure to short-term constant light (LL) on the spontaneous, proestrous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in the female rat. Exposure to LL during the 3 days preceding proestrus delayed and reduced the magnitude of the LH surge which was measured in blood samples taken from conscious animals through an intra-atrial catheter that had been implanted early on the morning of proestrus. The pituitary responsiveness to synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) in animals exposed to LL was reduced about 6-fold about the time of the LH surge compared with that in animals on a 14 h light- 10 h dark (LD) regimen. In contrast to animals on LD, treatment of rats on LL with estrogen and progesterone after ovariectomy failed to restore to normal the pituitary responsiveness which is markedly reduced by ovariectomy. The implantation of a silicone-elastomer capsule containing 17 beta-estradiol into rats on LL after ovariectomy did not facilitate pituitary responsiveness. These results suggest that exposure of the female rats to LL for 3 days causes a shift in phase of the LH surge (which may represent a free-running LH rhythm) and reduces the magnitude of the LH surge by a mechanism which may involve a reduction in the sensitivity to estrogen of the centres involved in LHRH release. PMID- 7027071 TI - A neurophysiological approach to the identification, connections and pharmacology of the hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular system. AB - Hypothalamic hypophysiotropic or 'tuberoinfundibular' neurons can be identified by antidromic activation following electrical stimulation on the surface of the median eminence. These neurons appear to be localized within the medial hypothalamic and preoptic areas. Both the source and the nature (i.e. excitatory or inhibitory) of connections of these identified neurons can be examined with electrophysiological methods. Afferent pathways appear to originate in the medial preoptic area, amygdala, hippocampus, lateral septum and retina. Axon collaterals of some tuberoinfundibular neurons engage recurrent excitatory and inhibitory pathways and/or project to the anterior hypothalamic area, medial preoptic area, paraventricular nucleus, amygdala, lateral septum and midline thalamus. Neuropharmacological studies indicate that gamma-aminobutyric acid, catecholamines and possibly some hypothalamic peptides may participate in synaptic transmission in afferent or efferent connections in the tuberoinfundibular system. PMID- 7027072 TI - Stimulation of the hippocampus and ovulation in the rat: specific or nonspecific effects. AB - Bilateral electrochemical stimulation (ECS) of the ventral hippocampus (VHPC) or dorsal hippocampus (DHPC) under acute condition at 10.00, 12.00 or 13.00 h on proestrus did no interfere with ovulation. When the same ECS of the VHPC was repeated at 12.00 h proestrus followed by the taking of blood samples at 14.00, 16.00 and 18.00 h under ether anesthesia from the jugular vein, the LH surge and ovulation were significantly (p less than 0.05) inhibited. Acute unilateral ECS of the VHPC or passing the same current through a platinum electrode had no effect on the LH surge. When large electrolytic lesions were bilaterally made in the VHPC with a platinum electrode at 12.00 h of proestrus followed by blood samples, the LH surge and ovulation were also inhibited (p less than 0.05). Large lesions in the caudate putamen also resulted in a significant (p less than 0.05) suppression of the LH surge and the number of ova. These data suggest that (1) electrochemical stimulation of the hippocampus is not inhibitory to ovulation, and (2) acute procedures on the day of proestrus can inhibit LH secretion. PMID- 7027073 TI - Early physiotherapy ad modum Vojta or Bobath in infants with suspected neuromotor disturbance. AB - Thirty children with early signs of cerebral neuromotor disturbances according to "Vojta criteria" were followed until the age of thirty-three months to six years. Twelve children were treated with early physiotherapy according to Bobath, ten children were treated according to Vojta and eight constituted a control group. The infants tended for early physical therapy were divided by random into two different groups. The neonatal risk factors, however, proved to be unevenly distributed among the infants in the Vojta- and the Bobath-treated groups - the latter being more heavily burdened in this respect. Vojta has claimed that his method of early physiotherapy is able to prevent the development of cerebral palsy (cp) of "uncomplicated" (but not of "complicated") type. At follow-up we found one child out of nine with "uncomplicated" cp in the Vojta group against three out of six in the Bobath- and two out of six in the control group. These differences, however, are not statistically significant. Further detailed studies with greater groups of children seem necessary to help us to clarify these problems. The psychological aspects of early physiotherapy should be thoroughly considered and this is particularly important in connection with the Vojta method. PMID- 7027074 TI - The biochemical background to tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 7027075 TI - Conversion of [met5]-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 to [met5]-enkephalin by dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase. PMID- 7027076 TI - [Comparative clinical trials of 0.75 and 0.50 percent bupivacaine in orthopedic traumatological surgery]. PMID- 7027077 TI - [The apallic syndrome. Clinico-statistical study]. PMID- 7027078 TI - [Current status of the prevention of pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 7027079 TI - [Surgical treatment of hiatal hernia and of gastroesophageal reflux. (2) Other operations]. PMID- 7027080 TI - [Current indications for lumbar sympathectomy in obstructive arteriopathies of the lower extremities]. AB - Reference is made to personal experience (421 lumbar sympathectomies in 1640 vascular operations carried out over the last ten years) and the results of an enquiry addressed to more than 200 Italian surgeons are cited for the proposition that the indications for this operation are still the subject of disagreement, while its results occasionally appear to be contradictory. It is felt that the procedure is best reserved for cases in the second initial or intermediate stage, and should only be employed in advanced 2nd-stage, and 3rd and 4th stage patients whose poor general condition is a contraindication to reconstruction (indication of necessity). Other parameters to be taken into consideration include: age, site and type of the obliterating disease, ineffectiveness of drug management, and concomitant diseases (if any). Sympathectomy plus reconstructive surgery should only be used in cases where the run-off seems unsatisfactory. PMID- 7027081 TI - [Duodenal stenosis due to acute pancreatitis. Presentation of 2 cases and review of literature]. PMID- 7027082 TI - [The editions of J. J. Wecker's "Antidotarien" and other works]. PMID- 7027083 TI - [New information on clinical aspects and therapy of ketoacidosis and diabetic coma]. PMID- 7027084 TI - [The importance of chromium in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy]. PMID- 7027085 TI - [Immunohistological aspects of lupus nephropathy. Clinical and prognostic significance]. PMID- 7027086 TI - [Prognostic significance of oligo-anuria during acute graft rejection]. PMID- 7027087 TI - [Calcium lithiasis after renal transplant]. PMID- 7027088 TI - [Avascular bone necrosis after renal transplant]. PMID- 7027089 TI - [Comparative evaluation of sequential renal scintigraphy and catheterization of the renal veins in the diagnosis of reno-vascular arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7027090 TI - [Berger's nephropathy. Correlations between the histological aspects, arterial pressure and plasma renin activity]. PMID- 7027091 TI - [Antihypertensive, hemodynamic and endocrine effects of Captopril in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7027092 TI - [Captopril in the therapy of hypertensive nephropathy]. PMID- 7027093 TI - Retrograde labeling and dissociation of mouse retinal ganglion cells. AB - Mouse retinal ganglion cells were labeled by retrograde axonal transport of the fluorescent dyes, DAPI and Primulin. The labeled retinae were dispersed by papain treatment and mechanical dissociation. Among the cells in the suspension, the ganglion cells could be unequivocally identified by their intense DAPI/Primulin fluorescence. These results establish that it is possible to label specific neurons in the central nervous system by retrograde transport of fluorescent dyes and to identify the labeled cells after proteolytic dissociation. PMID- 7027094 TI - Immunological aspects of gluten intolerance. PMID- 7027095 TI - Safety of vitamin E therapy in low birth weight infants. PMID- 7027096 TI - Immunologic assessment of cow's milk allergy. PMID- 7027097 TI - Toxemia of pregnancy: the dietary calcium hypothesis. PMID- 7027099 TI - Clinical application of an oral zinc tolerance test. PMID- 7027098 TI - Sulfur amino acids and the calciuretic effect of dietary protein. PMID- 7027100 TI - Nutrition classics. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Volume 46, 1960: The biological function of vitamin A acid: John E. Dowling and George Wald. PMID- 7027101 TI - Hypodermic medication; early history. PMID- 7027102 TI - Skin transplantation; current status in burn injury treatment. PMID- 7027103 TI - The effect of calcium in periodontal disease. PMID- 7027104 TI - Periodontal disease is not a metabolic disease. PMID- 7027105 TI - Glucose as an indicator of periodontal disease. PMID- 7027106 TI - Odontophilately. PMID- 7027107 TI - The history of occupational health nursing. PMID- 7027108 TI - Federation of Specialty Nursing Organizations & the American Nurses' Association: a history. PMID- 7027109 TI - A little bit of country. PMID- 7027110 TI - [Diurnal layer formation in the incisor dentin of rodents]. AB - The growth of dentin of the constantly growing lower incisors in rodents was studied using tetracycline as a vital marker of the growing parts of bones and teeth. In the common vole in nature the incisors grow in length at a rate of 490 micrometers per day; a basal-apical gradient of growth of the tooth walls in thickness was found: the minimal daily increment at the tooth base and the maximal in the apical third, it decreases again at the very apex. In the peripulp part of dentin of the apical incisor half there are diurnal layers seen both on polished sections and stained slides the formation of which correlates with the diurnal rhythm of skeleton growth. The diurnal dentin layers form in the apical incisor half only. The odontoblasts appear to begin to function rhythmically from the middle of their life on only. A similar phenomenon was found in a natural population of large-toothed redbacked voles. The topography of dentin layers in the laboratory rats is similar to that in the voles but the layers are not distinct and the basal-apical gradient of dentin growth is observed in young animals, rather than in the old ones. PMID- 7027111 TI - Surgery in an attempt to change corneal curvature. AB - An historical review up to 1952 of surgical methods intended to change the refractive power of the eye is given. Experimental work at Yale utilizing 49 rabbits and dogs includes repeated prior studies done by others. This work incorporated: 1. Procedures on the anterior surface of the cornea, 2. Procedures on the posterior surface of the cornea, and 3. Procedures through all corneal layers (total segmented corneal resection) (SCR). In obtaining desired refractive changes, SCR created relatively higher refractive changes, assured stability and a more accurate calibration and calculation in advance of surgical procedures, however, even though total segmented corneal resection seemed superior, it was often complicated in animals. PMID- 7027112 TI - Stress, relaxation, and saliva: a pilot study involving endodontic patients. AB - Thirty-four endodontic patients completed dental anxiety questionnaires and had saliva samples taken prior to and at the conclusion of their initial endodontic treatment. Pain and anxiety were managed with local anesthesia, nitrous oxide- oxygen psychosedation, hypnosis, and meditation, either alone or in combination. For most patients, by the conclusion of the treatment, anxiety had decreased, salivary volume had increased, and salivary protein was reduced. Meditation and hypnosis, either alone or in combination with local anesthesia, were most effective in anxiety reduction as measured by questionnaire and/or salivary changes. PMID- 7027113 TI - Bone tissue mechanisms underlying osteoporoses. PMID- 7027114 TI - Nutritional, endocrine, and demographic aspects of osteoporosis. PMID- 7027115 TI - The role of bone biopsy in the diagnosis of metabolic bone disease. PMID- 7027116 TI - Continuous treatment of osteoporosis: current status. PMID- 7027117 TI - [60th anniversary of the N. N. Priorov Central Institute of Traumatologyand Orthopedics]. PMID- 7027118 TI - [Effect of low temperatures on bone and cartilage tissues]. PMID- 7027119 TI - [Surgical treatment and the outcome of burns in children]. PMID- 7027120 TI - [Are viable tissues necessary for the plastic repair of tissue defects?]. PMID- 7027121 TI - [Fedor Rodionovich Bogdanov]. PMID- 7027122 TI - [Treatment of burn wounds]. PMID- 7027123 TI - [Wound lavage and primary skin plasty in open fractures of the long bones]. PMID- 7027124 TI - [Plastic reconstruction of the ankle joint ligaments]. PMID- 7027125 TI - Visualization of immunoglobulins on the cell surface of mouse plasma cell tumor (X5563) by immunoenzymatic method. PMID- 7027126 TI - [The role and significance of rehabilitation in cardiovascular diseases. Concept and goals of rehabilitation]. PMID- 7027127 TI - [Adjusting insulin dosage for pregnant diabetic women]. PMID- 7027128 TI - [On the 75th anniversary of the death of Fritz Richard Schaudinn]. PMID- 7027129 TI - [Samuel Diosszilagyi, physician of writers, writer of physicians]. PMID- 7027130 TI - [The weight of aristocratic birth and incidence of genealogic paranoia in the society of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy]. PMID- 7027131 TI - [The Arabic triad (Hunain ibn Ishak, Rhazes, Avicenna)]. PMID- 7027132 TI - [Experience with antibacterial therapy of salmonellosis in newborn and young infants]. PMID- 7027133 TI - [Richard Moreland Taylor (1887-1981)]. PMID- 7027134 TI - [50th anniversary of the death of Oskar Minkowski, discoverer of pancreatic diabetes]. PMID- 7027135 TI - [Hungarian-Polish relations from the 17th to the 19th century]. PMID- 7027136 TI - [The transylvanian Medical Society (1833-1836)]. PMID- 7027137 TI - [Comparative study of the antihypertensive effect of guanfacine and guanethidine]. PMID- 7027138 TI - [Ultrasonic follow-up studies of patients after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7027139 TI - [Remembering forgotten hospitals. Balassa and Semmelweis at the old Jewish Hospital]. PMID- 7027140 TI - [Hungarian-Polish medical connections in the 15th-16th centuries]. PMID- 7027141 TI - [Habeant sua fata libelli. Hungarian physicians and pharmacists of the era of Hungarian language reform]. PMID- 7027142 TI - [Tibor Rajka (1901-1980)]. PMID- 7027143 TI - [Septic pharyngitis]. PMID- 7027144 TI - Crohn's disease of the upper gastro-intestinal tract. Case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7027145 TI - The significance of antibody coated bacteria in neuropathic bladder urines. AB - A total of 234 patients with neuropathic bladder dysfunction and bacteria in the urine have been studied for the presence of antibody coating on the bacteria. Approximately one third of the patients so studied were found to have antibody coated bacteria in the urine (ACB+) by fluorescent microscopy. No correlation could be found between evidence of active tissue infection by the ACB test and the age, sex or catheter status of the patient, the radiological findings or the length of time since the neurological injury. There did, however, appear to be significant differences among the bacterial species isolated, in their ability to invade through urothelium. Testing for antibody coating is a useful epidemiological tool, but is not indicated for routine use as a guide to therapy. The choice of antibacterial drugs can, in most instances, be based on the identification of the bacterial isolate and its known potential for invasion of the upper urinary tract. PMID- 7027146 TI - The impact on marriages of adult-onset paraplegia. AB - Paraplegia does not seriously impair marital functioning according to a critical review of the English-language literature from the last three decades on the marital impact of adult-onset paraplegia. The review focuses on what is currently known about three aspects of marital functioning in paraplegics: marital stability, sexual interaction and marital satisfaction. The discussion highlights implications for health care personnel who advise or counsel paraplegic patients or their spouses about marital concerns. PMID- 7027147 TI - [Differences between murine rodent species as food hosts for ixodid tick larvae (Ixodidae)]. AB - Tests on the feeding of larvae of Ixodes persulcatus and I. ricinus on five species of Muridae have shown that forest and common voles have congenital protective reactions limiting the number of successfully fed parasites. Such congenital resistance is practically absent in common field mice and does not arise during the following parasitism of ixodid larvae. The congenital resistance is absent from steppe lemmings too but protective reactions limiting the number of successfully fed larvae arise during the further parasitism of ticks. PMID- 7027148 TI - [Skin-T lymphocyte-thymus interactions : a new approach in cutaneous immunopathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027149 TI - [Factors of early prognosis in medically treated haemorrhages of upper gastrointestinal tract in cirrhotic patients. Statistical study (author's transl)]. AB - In order to define immediate criteria of prognosis for patients with cirrhosis, hospitalized in emergency for upper gastrointestinal tract haemorrhage, 164 cases of haemorrhages medically treated were reviewed. A prognostic study of each variant points to the clinical endoscopic and biological data connected with death. That study illustrates the prognostic value of traditional data. Patients who died within the first 30 days had a significantly higher incidence of hepatic encephalopathy, hematemesis, ascites, low blood pressure, bleeding oesophageal varices during endoscopy,. hypoprothrombinemia, hyperbilirubinemia. Those who survived had a significantly higher incidence of aspirin intake, numerous haemorrhages, good state of health, non bleeding peptic ulcer. Several series of multivariant analysis : multiple regression and linear discrimination, differing from one another in variates were done. They have allowed identification of 11 variables used in establishing a prognostic index. In the series, it gives an 87% probability of correct differentiation. Such an index allows an objective estimate of the value and limits of a group of patients in which the efficiency of other treatments could be tested in controlled trials. PMID- 7027150 TI - Measles virus and chronic infections. AB - The role of measles virus in persistent infections has been reviewed. Measles, normally a benign disease of children can give rise directly to complications (encephalitis, pneumonia) or after a period of months or years lead to a slow neurological infection (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis). The models, both "in vitro" and "in vivo", which have been developed to study the factors involved in measles virus persistence, are compared and related to the parameters observed in the human disease. The evidence that measles virus is associated with other long term diseases (multiple sclerosis, Paget'b bone disease) is discussed. PMID- 7027151 TI - [Automatization of differential leukocyte counts with image analyzer. Comparison between three apparatus (author's transl)]. AB - The choice of an automated differential leukocytes counting system depends on a number of criteria including reliability, speed an cost/effectiveness ratio. We have compared the performance of three commercially available instruments, the Hematrak 360 (Geometric data), the ADC 500 (Abbott) and the DIFF 3 (Coultronics). We have voluntarily confined this study to pattern recognition systems and have not investigated other systems based on cell volume determination and cytochemical reactions (Hemalog D, Technicon). Comparison of a new system with an established automated system simplifies the task considerably, provided that the quality and performance of the reference system have been previously well established, as has been done in our laboratory with the LARC which has been evaluated comparatively to the traditional method (5). A final difficulty is that the conclusions drawn from this type of study cannot be considered as definitive insofar as changes and improvements are continually being proposed for all systems which are still going through a mutation stage as we noticed in the course of this evaluation. PMID- 7027152 TI - [Pathogenesis of circulatory hypoxia]. PMID- 7027153 TI - [Direct immunofluorescence findings in hepatic needle biopsies]. PMID- 7027154 TI - Neuromuscular relaxation--a method for inducing sleep in young children. PMID- 7027155 TI - Phagocytosis of Candida albicans in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. AB - Inasmuch as human monocytes are able to kill Candida albicans (C. albicans) only through oxidative pathways, which also produce chemiluminescence (CL), CL was used to assess the ability of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and monocytes to phagocytose and kill C. albicans in a 12-year-old girl with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. In contrast to normal mononuclear cells (monocytes and lymphocytes), mononuclear cells from the patient did not respond with a CL burst when mixed with opsonized C. albicans (peak CL, 55 versus 105 cpm X 10(-3) for control). Phagocytosis of C. albicans by monocytes, assessed by electron microscopy, was normal. The patient's mononuclear cells did produce CL when mixed with Candida parapsilosis (peak CL, 68 versus 72 cpm X 10(-3) for control) or zymosan (peak CL, 149 versus 180 cpm X 10(-3) for control). Myeloperoxidase activity in monocytes assessed by light microscopy was normal. However, peroxidase activity in the patient's monocytes persisted in glass-adherent monocyte-macrophages after 5 days incubation, suggesting that her cells may mature poorly. In contrast to the poor CL response of monocytes to C. albicans, polymorphonuclear neutrophils from the patient had increased CL (peak, 858 versus 458 cpm X 10(-3) for control). Also, the patient's serum showed increased opsonic activity for C. albicans (peak, 1800 versus 1100 cpm X 10(-3) for control). PMID- 7027156 TI - Retrolental fibroplasia: evidence for a role of the prostaglandin cascade in the pathogenesis of oxygen-induced retinopathy in the newborn beagle. AB - Aspirin administration, at a dosage producing plasma levels within the human therapeutic range, caused marked inhibition of production of both vascular prostacyclin (a vasodilator) and platelet thromboxane (a vasoconstrictor) in beagle puppies. In addition, aspirin-treated, oxygen-exposed puppies developed retinopathy of significantly greater severity than their unmedicated, oxygen exposed littermates. Direct ophthalmoscopic observations indicated that whereas sustained oxygen breathing produced retinal vasoconstriction in unmedicated puppies, retinal vessels of aspirin-treated littermates became more dilated or remained unchanged. It is postulated that retinal vasoconstriction may be a normal physiologic mechanism to protect the immature retina from damaging effects of high blood oxygen levels; i.e., it may be a protective rather than a pathologic process in response to hyperoxia. Many vascular anomalies which characterize the human disease were present in the retinas of the puppies. Several of the most severely affected puppies treated with aspirin even displayed grade III cicatricial retinopathy (falciform retinal fold). Thus, a major criticism of the retrolental fibroplasia animal model has been addressed by producing cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia in puppies, and the confidence with which results from experimental animal studies might be extrapolated to the clinical situation is thereby strengthened. PMID- 7027157 TI - [Professor Jan Kossakowski]. PMID- 7027158 TI - [Contribution of Polish surgeons to the development of the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease in children]. PMID- 7027159 TI - [Iron metabolism in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7027160 TI - [Nephropathies caused by drug hypersensitivity in children]. PMID- 7027161 TI - [Breast feeding for the protection of the health of the infant: psychological aspects]. PMID- 7027162 TI - [Recent opinions concerning sensory perception in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7027163 TI - [Rheumatoid disease in children (juvenile rheumatoid arthritis)]. PMID- 7027164 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis: current knowledge and future prospects]. PMID- 7027165 TI - [Role of polychemotherapy in the program treatment of children with Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7027166 TI - [Differential diagnosis of icteric forms of pseudotuberculosis and viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7027167 TI - [Adult respiratory distress syndrome: apropos of 2 cases in children]. PMID- 7027168 TI - ["Adult respiratory distress syndrome" in pediatrics]. PMID- 7027169 TI - [Severe hypothermia in children]. PMID- 7027170 TI - Biomedical research: changes and opportunities. PMID- 7027171 TI - Fuller Albright and postmenopausal osteoporosis: a personal appreciation. PMID- 7027172 TI - A physiological hypothesis of perception. PMID- 7027173 TI - Travels of Alexandre Yersin: letters of a pastorian in Indochina, 1890-1894. PMID- 7027174 TI - A letter from John McCrae to Maude Abbott: January 9, 1918. PMID- 7027175 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of amino acid-induced insulin release. IV. Ionic response to L-Leucine and L-Glutamine. AB - L-Glutamine enhances insulin release evoked by L-leucine in isolated rat pancreatic islets. The enhancing action of L-glutamine, which is a rapid but steadily increasing and not rapidly reversible phenomenon is not attributable to any major change in either K+ or Ca2+ outflow from the islet cells. It coincides with an apparent increase in Ca2+ inflow rate and, hence, with Ca accumulation in the islets. The initial ionic response to L-leucine is not qualitatively altered by the presence of L-glutamine. In their combined capacity to stimulate 45Ca net uptake in the islets, L-glutamine can be replaced by L-asparagine but not by L glutamate, whereas L-leucine can be replaced by L-norvaline or L-isoleucine, but not by L-valine, glycine or L-lysine. Such a specificity is identical to that characterizing the effect of these various amino acids upon insulin release. It is postulated that the release of insulin evoked by the combination of L-leucine and L-glutamine involves essentially the same remodelling of ionic fluxes as that evoked by other nutrient secretagogues with, however, an unusual time course for the functional response to L-glutamine. PMID- 7027176 TI - [Fluorides and cancer]. PMID- 7027177 TI - [Multiple admission to hospital of diabetic patients (author's transl)]. AB - Within an 8 years' period, 29 insulin-dependent diabetic patients were admitted to hospital on more than 5 occasions, which represents 177 admissions for a total of 3407 days. In almost 70% of the cases loss of control of diabetes was the only reason for admission, and in 33% there was no urgency. Diabetes was unquestionably severe in all patients and truly unstable in 6, but socio-economic reasons accounted for at least one admission in 17 patients and for all admissions in 8. The remaining 64 admissions for uncontrolled diabetes were mostly due to the patients' carelessness. Twelve patients totalling 97 admissions never attended the out-patient clinic. Such carelessness seems to have arisen partly from reactive depression and partly from personality disorders, but the physicians's responsibility cannot be dismissed. In order to reduce the number of unnecessary admissions, diabetologists should provide improved patients' training, pay more attention to their psycho-affective problems and demand regular out-patient attendance. PMID- 7027178 TI - [Superficial herpes simplex keratitis. Double-blind comparative trial of acyclovir and idoxuridine (author's transl)]. AB - In a double-blind, randomized trial 52 patients with superficial herpes simplex keratitis were treated with a new antiviral compound, acylclovir (ACV) 3% ointment, or with idoxuridine (IDU) 0.5% ointment. No statistically significant difference was found in the number of patients cured with either drug, but healing was achieved more rapidly with ACV than with IDU. PMID- 7027179 TI - [A rare cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults: acute disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. Four cases (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome due to miliary tuberculosis are reported. All four patients had tuberculin anergy; three developed disseminated intravascular coagulation. All were treated early with anti-tuberculous drugs. Three patients were intubated and ventilated with positive end expiratory pressure, but they died shortly afterwards. The fourth patient was treated with continuous positive airway pressure and corticosteroids and survived. In view of such reports, the possibility of tuberculosis should be considered systematically in all adult patients with unexplained acute respiratory distress syndrome. The extremely rapid course of the disease and the inconsistent results of standard examinations for tuberculosis justify an "aggressive" diagnostic approach. Extra pulmonary biopsies, notably of the bone marrow, are very helpful. PMID- 7027180 TI - [Acute respiratory distress syndrome of tuberculous origin in an intensive care unit. Clinical presentation and course (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have observed 6 cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of tuberculous origin. The condition presented as pulmonary oedema in 4 cases and as extensive bilateral pneumonia in 2. Pulmonary oedema was treated by artificial ventilation with intermittent positive pressure in 2 patients who died, and by continuous positive airway pressure in 2 patients who survived. The 2 patients with pneumonia survived without respiratory assistance. In these patients with atypical symptoms, early diagnosis (which may involve liver and bone marrow biopsies) and immediate therapeutic measures are life-saving. The diagnosis of tuberculosis should be systematically considered in adult ARDS, especially i patients with pulmonary oedema of unknown origin. PMID- 7027181 TI - [The adhesion of blood platelets to collagen: molecular features of collagen (author's transl)]. AB - This review deals with some structural features of the collagen molecules involved in the adhesion of platelets representing the initial step of hemostasis, thrombosis, and (partly) atherosclerosis. The adhesion occurs at the level of a vascular lesion or deendothelialized area, whatever the genetic type of collagen. In vitro experiments with purified collagens have shown that vascular interstitial collagens (types I and III, the latter present in subendothelium) as well as basement membrane-derived collagens (types IV and V) induce an adhesion of platelets, provided that an ordered arrangement linked to the quaternary and tertiary structures of their molecule is preserved. Whatever the quaternary structure, the important point seems to be the size of the fibers and more precisely the availability of an optimal number of adhesion sites on multimerized fibers. Various direct or indirect proofs (for example, the occurrence of the impairment of collagen multimerization on platelet adhesion/aggregation) are reviewed. Our recent studies on interstitial collagens have shown the involvement of certain specific amino-acid sequences obtained after cyanogen bromide cleavage of collagen. These are the C-terminal alpha1 (I) CB6 peptide of the alpha 1 chains of type I collagen (216 amino acids) and the central alpha1 (III) CB4 peptide from type III collagen (149 amino acids) Cleavage of this last peptide by chymotrypsin, hydroxylamine, and trypsin has suggested the possibility that a nonapeptide (sequence gly-lys-hyp-gly-glu-hyp gly-pro-lys) is a minimum site of adhesion for platelets. This assumption has been reinforced by the fact that a synthetic nonapeptide with this sequence specifically inhibits the aggregation of platelets to collagen in vitro. The adhesion of platelets may consequently be due to the repetitive staggering of short amino acid sequences (such as this nonapeptide from type III collagen) along the rigid structure formed by a multimerized collagen fiber. PMID- 7027182 TI - [History of congenital spherocytosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027183 TI - [Radioisotope teletherapy with or without hydroxyurea in the treatment of inoperable lung cancer]. PMID- 7027184 TI - Instrumentation: the next step. PMID- 7027185 TI - The development of an instrument to measure social support. AB - This article describes the development of a new instrument, the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire, designed to measure multiple dimensions of social support. Based on Kahn's (1979) conceptual definitions of social support and definitions from network theory (Barnes, 1972), the instrument has three main variables- Total Functional, Total Network, and Total Loss--each with three subscales. Graduate and undergraduate nursing students were used as subjects in this phase of testing, which established high levels of test-retest reliability and internal consistency. The social desirability response bias was ruled out, and moderate levels of concurrent validity were found. Additional work to establish construct validity is needed. Two groups of students were compared to study the normative trend for this population, and differences were minimal except for recent losses and aid, reflecting the actual situations of the two groups. PMID- 7027186 TI - The PRQ--a social support measure. AB - The Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ) is a two-part measure of the multidimensional characteristics of social support. Part one provides descriptive information about the person's resources, the satisfaction with these resources, and whether or not there is a confidant. Part two contains a 25-item Likert scale developed according to Weiss's relational dimensions and a five-item Self-Help Ideology scale. The PRQ was administered as the measure of one of the independent variables in a study of 149 male or female spouses of individuals with multiple sclerosis. Content and face validity procedures were completed previous to the study. An internal consistency reliability coefficient of alpha = .89 was obtained for the PRQ Part 2. Moderate intercorrelations for the dimensional subscales--intimacy, social integration, worth, and assistance--indicate that there is some overlap of these dimensions. Low intercorrelations between nurturance and the other four subscales suggest that nurturance is an independent scale. Modest predictive validity coefficients were obtained. At the present time the intended use of the PRQ is for research. Plans for tool development include obtaining further construct validity information and test-retest reliability. PMID- 7027187 TI - Physicians celebrate 300 years. PMID- 7027188 TI - Diary of a VAD 1940-9: a dead man's hotel and a typhoon. PMID- 7027189 TI - Nursing care study - acute myeloid leukaemia: blood brothers. PMID- 7027190 TI - Diary of a VAD 1940-9: in forbidden territory. PMID- 7027191 TI - The disabled: the story of Joe. PMID- 7027192 TI - Diary of a VAD 1940-9: wind and water. PMID- 7027193 TI - [Broncholytic effect of pencardin in chronic bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7027194 TI - [Foreign bodies in the chest with Aspergillus fumigatus infection of surrounding tissues]. PMID- 7027195 TI - [Pulmonary aspergillosis and the characteristics of its course in ankylosing spondylitis complicated by pulmonary fibrosis]. PMID- 7027196 TI - [Prof. Wiwa Jaroszewicz 3 October 1905-4 February 1979]. PMID- 7027197 TI - [Results of 5-fluorocytosine therapy of aspergillosis and candidiasis]. PMID- 7027198 TI - White spot formation associated with sealants used in orthodontics. PMID- 7027199 TI - [Total serum lipids in chronic renal failure treated by repeated hemodialysis and kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7027200 TI - [Blood insulin and glucose in essential hypertension treated with prazosin]. PMID- 7027201 TI - [Functional disorders of the cell membrane and subcellular structures in hypertension]. PMID- 7027202 TI - [Diphosphonates: experimental studies]. PMID- 7027203 TI - [Diphosphonates: clinical use]. PMID- 7027204 TI - [Effect of treatment of chronic non-specific bronchopulmonary diseases on the composition of sterile exudate in Rebuck's skin window technic]. PMID- 7027205 TI - [Methods of treating intracranial aneurysms]. PMID- 7027206 TI - [Professors of the Warsaw Medical Academy. Address at the April 1980 meeting of the Warsaw Medical Society]. PMID- 7027207 TI - [Clinical analysis of the causes of pulmonary hemorrhage]. PMID- 7027208 TI - [Experimental malignant hyperthermia]. PMID- 7027209 TI - [Role of neutrophils in immunological response against neoplasms]. PMID- 7027210 TI - [Hemophilia in women]. PMID- 7027211 TI - [Role of magnesium in the human body, particularly in women, and the effect of magnesium ions on uterine contraction]. PMID- 7027212 TI - [Therapeutic use of calcitonin]. PMID- 7027213 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the use of music]. PMID- 7027214 TI - [Clinical use of sodium nitroprusside]. PMID- 7027215 TI - [Diagnostic value of the determination of enzyme activity of the cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 7027216 TI - [Role of retinoids in cancer prevention and chemotherapy]. PMID- 7027217 TI - [Disorders of connective tissue metabolism in arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7027218 TI - [Value and effectiveness of the use of fluoride in preventing dental caries]. PMID- 7027219 TI - [Role of sulfur dioxide and its derivatives in the pollution of man's natural environment]. PMID- 7027220 TI - [Lymphocyte immunoglobulin receptors]. PMID- 7027221 TI - [Biological effect of prostaglandin d2]. PMID- 7027222 TI - [Occurrence and role of polyamines in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with special reference to fungi]. PMID- 7027223 TI - [Role of polyamines in the pathogenesis of uremia]. PMID- 7027224 TI - [Development of light microscopy in biological and medical studies]. PMID- 7027225 TI - [Selenium in biology and medicine]. PMID- 7027226 TI - [Physico-chemical principles of crystallization processes in the urine]. PMID- 7027227 TI - Interpretation of blood chemistries, part 2. PMID- 7027228 TI - Oxygen therapy for the adult patient. PMID- 7027229 TI - Bromocriptine therapy in acromegaly. A long-term review of 35 cases. AB - Bromocriptine (CB-154, Parlodel, Sandoz) was given to 35 acromegalic patients for a period of 6-36 months. Basal and post-therapy endocrine functions including estimation of serum growth hormone (GH) profile; and GH kinetics during oral glucose tolerance test, augmented insulin tolerance test and thyrotrophin releasing hormone test were determined. The pituitary tumour size was delineated by a pneumoencephalogram. The mean GH levels ranged from 14 micrograms/l to 316 micrograms/l. Bromocriptine suppressed GH values to 5 micrograms/l or less in 16 patients and less than 10 micrograms/l in a further 6 patients. In 33 patients GH values fell to 50% of the basal value or less. There was no significant GH reduction in 2 'nonresponders'. Bromocriptine did not block the stress-induced GH secretion. It did not disturb pituitary functions other than prolactin which was suppressed much earlier and was maintained with smaller doses. GH suppression on the other hand was shortlived and rebounded when the drug was omitted. It had no adverse effect on tumour size in 2 patients having suprasellar extension of the tumour. Bromocriptine improved carbohydrate tolerance and sexual function although it did not affect insulin and gonadotrophin values. It seems reasonable to offer a trial of bromocriptine in all patients with acromegaly where therapy is deemed necessary as it is well tolerated, has insignificant side effects and no adverse drug interactions. Its high cost and prolonged course are obvious disadvantages. Caution should be exercised in cases with suprasellar extension and visual field involvement. PMID- 7027230 TI - Long-acting beta-blockers in the twenty-fourth hour. A comparison in hypertension. PMID- 7027231 TI - Diclofenac suppositories in osteoarthrosis. A double-blind comparison with indomethacin. PMID- 7027232 TI - Did imprisonment ruin Oscar Wilde? PMID- 7027233 TI - 80 years of the FDI. PMID- 7027234 TI - The multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT). I. Historical perspective. PMID- 7027235 TI - Forum: the multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT). The methods and impact of intervention over four years. PMID- 7027236 TI - The multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT) II. The development of the protocol. PMID- 7027237 TI - The multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT). III. The model for intervention. PMID- 7027238 TI - The multiple risk intervention trial (MRFIT). IV. Intervention on blood lipids. PMID- 7027239 TI - The multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT). V. Intervention on smoking. PMID- 7027240 TI - Multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT). PMID- 7027241 TI - The multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT). VII. A comparison of risk factor changes between the two study groups. PMID- 7027242 TI - The multiple risk factor intervention trial after 4 years: a summing-up. PMID- 7027243 TI - [Functional and morphological changes in the islands of Langerhans in obesity]. AB - Functional changes in pancreatic islets seen in obese patients were compared with morphological and ultrastructural alterations in islet cells in rats during varying time of the experimental hypothalamic obesity development. The blood level of insulin and C-peptide in obese patients increases with the disease severity, but functional B-cell reserves tend to decrease as shown by glucose tolerance test. Reduction in glucagon release is seen in insulin hypoglycemia. A fall in B cell reserves is caused by their functional overtension, destruction and replacement of the pancreatic parenchyma by the connective tissue. The main morphological reason for glucagon release lowering in patients with pronounced obesity is reduction of A cell number. An elevation of somatostatin level in the blood of obese patients with a simultaneous decrease in D cell number in pancreatic islets of experimental animals indicates that this rise is stipulated by intensified hypothalamic somatostatin secretion. PMID- 7027244 TI - [Effect of different storage times of blood sera on their hormonal activity]. AB - Hormonal activity of the sera was studied immediately after blood collection and 6 months, one year and 1.5 years following their storage at a temperature of -20 to 25 degrees C in 10 healthy males aged 18 to 20 years. It was found that differently directed changes in immunologic activity of blood serum hormones took place on long-term storage at low temperatures. The data obtained suggest that the adrenocorticotropic hormone, immunoreactive insulin, protein-bound iodine and follicle-stimulating hormone retain the immunologic activity not more than one year, while the hormone, stimulating interstitial cells, thyrotrophic hormone, somatotrophic hormone, 17-HOCS, testosterone and aldosterone up to 1-1.5 years. During this storage of frozen biosubstrates the recurrent freezing out that produces changes in the immunologic activity of some hormones should be excluded. PMID- 7027245 TI - [Sex differentiation of steroid hormone metabolism]. PMID- 7027246 TI - [Plasma renin activity and aldosterone content in healthy men and women]. AB - Renin activity and the blood plasma aldosterone content were studied in 72 healthy subjects by radioimmunoassay. An analysis of the data obtained was performed depending on the sex and menstrual cycles (in women). The results of the investigation indicate the most pronounced activity of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system in males. The changes in renin activity and aldosterone content in the blood plasma of females are cyclic in nature, tending to the increased indices during the menstrual cycle folliculin phase. PMID- 7027247 TI - [Role of the liver in the regulation of blood levels of insulin, C-peptide and glucose]. AB - Insulin, C-peptide and glucose levels in the blood, collected from the portal, hepatic and femoral veins of 7 young healthy dogs were studied before and 3 to 45 minutes after intravenous glucose injection. It was found that insulin concentration in the peripheral vein does not reflect completely its secretion by pancreatic islets, since a considerable part of hormone, released after glucose injection, is retained by the liver. C-peptide concentration in the peripheral veins reflects more precisely the beta-cell secretory activity that insulin level. A rise of insulin concentration in the portal vein after intravenous glucose injection promotes the hepatic glucose assimilation. PMID- 7027248 TI - [Experimental analysis of the pathophysiological significance of the "diabetogenic factor" present in the blood of animals with alloxan diabetes]. AB - Hyperglycemia, induced by the disorder of Langerhans' islet structure and function, and hyperuricemia caused by purine metabolism pathological changes, appeared in the animals with experimental diabetes provoked by a single alloxan injection. As a result, endogenous alloxan-like factor, forming chronic diabetogenic background in the organism, arises and persists in the blood of the animals tested. Under these conditions, heparin exerts preventive and therapeutic effects due to alloxan or endogenous alloxan-like factor binding into complexes devoid of toxic activity. PMID- 7027249 TI - [Method of early diagnosis of latent diabetes mellitus and the prediabetic state]. AB - Insulin was found out in erythrocytes of patients with diabetes mellitus, in subjects with hereditary predisposition to this disease and in the control group by means of cytochemical method. Insulin-containing erythrocyte (ICE) number was reduced in patients with an evident form of diabetes mellitus and in 50% of patients of the 2nd group (less than 60%). Of them, 10% showed the curves of diabetes mellitus, whereas those of the other 20.3% were questionable and 70% had the normal glycemic curves. The latter are regarded as prediabetic patients. PMID- 7027250 TI - [Specific I125-insulin binding in the plasma membrane of adipose tissue cells in pheochromocytoma]. AB - Specific 125I-insulin binding with the fat cellular plasma membranes was studied in 7 patients with pheochromocytoma. It was shown that the concentration of insulin receptors in plasma membranes and their affinity to insulin decreased and the negative cooperative interaction between receptors rose in patients with pheochromocytoma comparatively to normal subjects. PMID- 7027251 TI - [Collective study of atypical Mycobacteria]. PMID- 7027252 TI - Purification of guinea pig pH 3 migration inhibitory factor. AB - Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) from the guinea pig was recently shown to reside in two discrete and separable proteins referred to as pH 3 MIF and pH 5 MIF. One subfraction of pH 3 MIF has now been purified to apparent homogeneity from supernatants of stimulated lymph node cells. To monitor purification, biosynthetically radiolabeled MIF was prepared. Sensitized lymphocytes were stimulated in the presence of [3H]leucine by concanavalin A to produce radiolabeled mediators. MIF was purified approximately 30,000-fold from the culture fluid by using gel filtration, sucrose density gradient electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and hydrophobic affinity chromatography. This procedure yielded a single 3H-labeled polypeptide with an apparent Mr of 35,000 that coincides with MIF activity. PMID- 7027253 TI - Removal of beta subunit of the eukaryotic polypeptide chain initiation factor 2 by limited proteolysis. AB - It is generally considered that the eukaryotic polypeptide chain initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) from rabbit reticulocytes consists of three nonidentical subunits termed alpha, beta, and gamma, in order of increasing molecular weight. However, a recent report [Stringer, E. A., Chaudhuri, A., Valenzuela, D. & Maitra, U. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 3356-3359] suggested that this factor is made up of only two subunits. In this paper we show that limited proteolysis of rabbit reticulocyte eIF-2 leads to loss of the beta subunit. This modified eIF-2 has the same activity as the native factor in promoting ternary (eIF-2.GTP.Met-tRNAi) and 40S (eIF-2.GTP.Met-tRNAi.40S ribosome) initiation complex formation. Like native eIF-2, the protease-treated factor can restore translation in heme-deficient lysates. On the other hand, the treated factor is less stable than the native protein. PMID- 7027254 TI - Synthetic sites for transcription termination and a functional comparison with tryptophan operon termination sites in vitro. AB - Termination of transcription by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in vitro appears to depend primarily on two structural features of the termination site--a G+C rich region of dyad symmetry and a series of terminal uridine residues in the transcript. To determine whether these two features are sufficient to specify rho independent termination in vitro, we have introduced new sequences within a tryptophan (trp) operon structural gene to create two sites with these characteristics. Transcription with wild-type RNA polymerase in vitro demonstrates that discrete termination occurs at one of these new sites, although at a low level. Use of the mutant RNA polymerase rpo203, which is more sensitive to certain weak terminators than is the wild-type enzyme, increases termination at both sites. We have compared the activity of our synthetic terminators with those of several termination sites in the E. coli trp operon. Under normal conditions of transcription in vitro, termination becomes more efficient with an increase in the length of the stem in the RNA hairpin or an increase in the number of consecutive uridine residues. Transcription with the rpo203 polymerase and with ribonucleotide analogs gives changes consistent with these general trends. These results support a model for termination involving separate but essential roles for the RNA hairpin and the stretch of uridines in the transcript. PMID- 7027255 TI - Purified lexA protein is a repressor of the recA and lexA genes. AB - Escherichia coli shows a pleiotropic response (the SOS response) to treatments that damage DNA or inhibit DNA replication. Previous evidence has suggested that the product of the lexA gene is involved in regulating the SOS response, perhaps as a repressor, and that it is sensitive to the recA protease. We show here that lexA protein is a repressor of at least two genes, recA and lexA. Purified protein bound specifically to the regulatory regions of the two genes, as judged by DNase I protection experiments, and it specifically inhibited in vitro transcription of both genes. The binding sites in recA and lexA were found to be about 20 base pairs (bp) and 40 bp long, respectively. The 40-bp sequence in lexA was composed of two adjacent 20-bp sequences, which had considerable homology to one another and to the corresponding recA sequence. These 20-bp sequences, which we term "SOS boxes," show considerable inverted repeat structure as well. These features suggest that each box represents a single repressor binding site. Finally, we found that purified lexA protein was a substrate for the recA protease in a reaction requiring ATP or an analogue, adenosine 5'-[gamma thio]triphosphate, and denatured DNA. PMID- 7027256 TI - Mechanism of action of the lexA gene product. AB - Genetic experiments have suggested that the lexA gene product of Escherichia coli represses a number of genes involved in the response to DNA damage, including recA and lexA. We purified the lexA gene product from bacterial strains that bear plasmids that direct the synthesis of large amounts of the protein. Purified lexA protein bound to two symmetrical DNA sequences in front of lexA and one in front of recA, protecting them from digestion with DNase I and blocking methylation of purines in the major groove. lexA protein repressed transcription of both genes in vitro. lexA protein binds to the two sites in front of the lexA gene with approximately the same affinity and with greater affinity to the single site in front of the recA gene. The affinity of lexA protein for its operator sites was measured under conditions that mimic conditions in vivo. Differences in the affinity with which lexA protein binds to the operators of genes it represses may account for the differences in the timing and extent of their induction after DNA damage. PMID- 7027257 TI - Alcohol and polyol dehydrogenases are both divided into two protein types, and structural properties cross-relate the different enzyme activities within each type. AB - Sorbitol dehydrogenase from sheep liver shows similarities to mammalian and yeast alcohol dehydrogenases. Comparisons based on peptides from segments of sorbitol dehydrogenase reveal that homologous regions with 38% identity include two ligands to the active site zinc atom in liver alcohol dehydrogenase, as well as further important residues. Similarities in in other regions are less extensive, exactly as they are between different alcohol dehydrogenases. In all aspects, sorbitol dehydrogenase appears as a typical member of the alcohol dehydrogenase family. On the other hand, alcohol dehydrogenase from Drosophila, which has a shorter subunit, is not closely related to either of these enzymes, except for a region that probably corresponds to the first part of the coenzyme binding domain in many dehydrogenases. Instead, Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase in its supposed catalytic region shows similarities toward Klebsiella ribitol dehydrogenase, which also has a small subunit. It may be concluded that both alcohol and polyol dehydrogenases show two types of protein subunit, reflecting an early subdivision of polypeptide types into "long" and "short" subunits rather than into different enzymatic specificities or quaternary structures. The relationships explain known properties of all these enzymes and provide insight into functional mechanisms and evolutionary interpretations. PMID- 7027258 TI - Translational control of ribosomal protein L10 synthesis occurs prior to formation of first peptide bond. AB - A simplified DNA-directed in vitro system has been developed to study the regulation of the synthesis of ribosomal protein L10 by measuring the formation of the first dipeptide, fMet-Ala. The results show that the inhibition of L10 synthesis by L10 (autoregulation) occurs at or prior to the formation of the first peptide bond. PMID- 7027259 TI - Induction of high serum levels of retroviral env gene products (gp70) in mice by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. AB - In the present study, mice each given a single intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) responded with increased serum levels of the major envelope glycoprotein, gp70, of endogenous retrovirus. Concentrations of gp70 in their sera began to increase 4 hr after LPS injection, reached maximal 5- to 15-fold increases after 12--24 hr, and returned to the preinjection levels within 3 days. This response occurred only in the strains characterized by high base line levels of serum gp70 (greater than 10 micrograms/ml) such as NZB, NZB X NZW F1, BXSB, MRL, NZW, DBA/2, LG, 129(GIX+), and C57BL/6(GIX+). However, strains such as DBA/1, C3H/St, BALB/c, C57BL/6(GIX-), and 129(GIX-) with lower base line levels of serum gp70 (less than 5 micrograms/ml) made little or no response. This serum gp70 induced by LPS was structurally similar to the gp70 of NZB xenotropic virus that is dominantly expressed in sera from virtually all strains of mice. However, (i) the induced gp70 was virion-free; (ii) xenotropic virus was not isolatable from BXSB, MRL/1, or 129(GIX+) mice injected with LPS; and (iii) amounts of the major structural viral protein, p30, did not increase correspondingly in sera. All of these findings indicate that the increased expression of serum xenotropic viral gp70 in response to LPS did not result from activation of replication-competent xenotropic virus. In addition, the serum gp70 response to LPS was abolished by simultaneous inoculation of an inhibitor of protein synthesis, D-galactosamine. These results strongly suggest that LPS selectively stimulates synthesis of the env gene product, gp70, of NZB xenotropic virus but other viral gene products. PMID- 7027260 TI - Intracellular disruption of rat heart lysosomes by leucine methyl ester: effects on protein degradation. AB - Perfusion of rat hearts with Krebs--Henseleit medium containing 10 mM L-leucine methyl ester leads to swelling of lysosomes and loss of lysosomal integrity within 30-60 min. No morphological changes can be detected in the nuclei, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, or Golgi complex as a result of the treatment with leucine methyl ester, and the hearts continue to beat normally during the treatment period. Homogenates of rat hearts perfused with the methyl ester exhibit a decrease in the sedimentability of cathepsin D activity compared to controls, thus providing additional evidence for a loss of lysosomal integrity. Swelling and disruption of the lysosomes presumably occurs because of the extensive accumulation of leucine within the organelles resulting from the intralysosomal hydrolysis of the freely permeating methyl ester. The lysosomal dysfunction that occurs with exposure to leucine methyl ester produces a 30% decrease in cardiac protein degradation. These results provide an estimate of the contribution of lysosomes to total protein degradation in the rat heart, and they also suggest that the enzymes released as a result of lysosomal disruption are relatively inactive in hydrolyzing cellular constituents under the perfusion conditions used here. The use of amino acid methyl esters to produce rapid, specific loss of lysosomal integrity in situ provides an approach to the study of lysosomal function in intact cells. PMID- 7027261 TI - Localization of the human insulin gene to the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 11. AB - The human insulin gene was mapped by hybridization in situ of 3H-labeled recombinant plasmid pHIG900 to chromosome preparations in the presence of 10% dextran sulfate. pHIG900 contains a 900-base pair insert of human genomic DNA that includes the coding region for the C peptide and intervening sequence 2. A significant percentage of hybridized cells (34%) exhibited silver grains on the distal end of the short arm (band p15) of chromosome 11. Furthermore, silver grains on this region represented 26% of all chromosomal label. These results demonstrate chromosomal localization of the human insulin gene to 11p15. PMID- 7027262 TI - Deletion mapping a eukaryotic promoter. AB - The phenotypes of 24 mutants that successively delete DNA sequences adjacent to the 5' end of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) his3 structural gene are described. Deletions retaining greater than 155 base pairs before the mRNA coding sequences are phenotypically indistinguishable from the wild-type his3 allele. Deletions having end points between 113 and 65 base pairs before the transcription initiation site express his3 at reduced levels. Mutations retaining less than 45 base pairs are indistinguishable from null alleles of the his3 locus. These results indicate (i) that a sequence(s) located 113--155 base pairs upstream from the transcribed region is necessary for wild-type expression and (ii) that the T-A-T-A box (a sequence in front of most eukaryotic genes) is not sufficient for wild-type promoter function. Thus, the yeast his3 promoter region appears large when compared with prokaryotic promoters, suggesting that it may be more complex than a simple site of interaction between RNA polymerase and DNA. PMID- 7027263 TI - Expression and processing of bacterial beta-lactamase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The mode of expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of the bacterial antibiotic resistance gene coding for beta-lactamase (EC 3.5.2.6) is described. Yeast transformants, containing hybrid plasmid pMP78-1 consisting of pBR325 in a 2 micrometers DNA vector, synthesize an active beta-lactamase protein. The enzyme was purified about 100-fold over crude extracts. With regard to activity, molecular weight, and binding to specific antibodies the yeast beta-lactamase was indistinguishable from the purified enzyme from Escherichia coli. Because the bacterial enzyme is synthesized as a preprotein with subsequent maturation, the results suggest that S. cerevisiae is able to convert the preprotein to the mature beta-lactamase. This was confirmed by in vitro experiments showing that the bacterial preprotein can be processed by crude extracts of S. cerevisiae. PMID- 7027264 TI - Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1): a surface antigen distinct from Lyt-2,3 that participates in T lymphocyte-mediated killing. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) have been used to probe the relationship of cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) surface molecules to CTL function. Rat MAb to mouse CTL were generated. Twelve MAb so obtained gave preferential binding to T cells as compared to B cells, and three of these recognized previously undescribed surface polypeptides. These Mab and more broadly reactive and previously obtained MAb were tested for their ability to block CTL-mediated killing in the absence of complement. To ensure that any observed blocking was due to binding of MAb to the effector cell rather than the target cell, a xenogeneic mouse CTL anti-rat BN lymphoma target cell system was utilized (MAb and target cells both of rat origin). Of 24 MAb tested here, 21 had little or no effect on CTL function, including those to H-2, Thy-1, Lyt-1, Ly 5, Ly 6, Lgp 100, and at least six other defined antigens. We confirmed inhibition of killing with two MAb to Lyt-2,3. Another MAb, M7/14, gave profound and consistent blockade of CTL function. It was confirmed that M7/14 MAb blocks killing by binding to the mouse CTL and does not bind to the rat lymphoma target cells used for the CTL assay. The findings suggest that the antigen defined by M7/14, termed a lymphocyte function associated antigen, LFA-1, participates in or is closely associated with the mechanism of CTL-mediated killing. LFA-1 contains two polypeptide chains of 180,000 and 95,000 Mr and is distinct from other described lymphocyte glycoproteins. LFA-1 thus represents both a previously undescribed lymphocyte surface antigen and molecular site for blockade of CTL-mediated killing. PMID- 7027265 TI - Transplacental passage of insulin complexed to antibody. AB - The passage of plasma proteins across the placental barrier in humans is known to be highly selective. Thus, free maternal insulin has been reported not to cross the normal maternofetal barrier, although insulin-binding antibodies have been detected in newborn infants whose diabetic mothers received insulin therapy. In this report we demonstrate, with the use of a human antiserum that permits distinction between human and animal insulins, that insulin in the cord blood of each of two neonates of insulin-treated diabetic mothers was, in part, animal insulin. The higher the antibody titer of the mother the greater was the total insulin in the cord plasma and the greater was the fraction that was animal insulin. In case 1 cord plasma insulin was 0.7 unit/liter, of which 10% was animal insulin; in case 2 cord plasma insulin was 3.5 units/liter, of which 25% was animal insulin. The demonstration that antigen restricted from transplacental passage can be transferred while complexed to antibody raises the question whether such fetal exposure would induce partial or total immunologic unresponsiveness subsequently if the fetus were rechallenged with the same antigen. PMID- 7027266 TI - Introduction of the 1980 Neuberg medalist. PMID- 7027267 TI - Dedication of the Fifth International Conference of Red Cell Metabolism and Function to Dr. Fred J. Oelshlegel, Jr., University of Mississippi. PMID- 7027268 TI - The NADH/NADPH-methemoglobin reduction system or erythrocytes. PMID- 7027269 TI - Chloroquine resistant P. berghei: association with variation in plasmodial protease activity. PMID- 7027270 TI - In vitro studies of malarial parasites using resealed ghosts of human erythrocytes. AB - A method has been determined for the preparation of resealed erythrocyte ghosts that are suitable for in vitro studies of Plasmodium falciparum. The resealed ghosts have been characterized with respect to their shape, size, stability in culture and their hemoglobin and ATP contents. Light and electron microscopy has revealed that parasites are able to develop normally in resealed ghosts. Even resealed ghosts containing very reduced levels of the normal erythrocyte cytoplasmic constituents are capable of supporting parasite growth. Studies utilizing the resealed ghost system have indicated that, within the limits of the experiment, intraerythrocyte ATP concentration does not play a role in susceptibility to malaria merozoite invasion. PMID- 7027271 TI - Purine metabolism during continuous erythrocyte culture of human malaria parasites (P. falciparum). AB - Through use of techniques for continuous erythrocyte culture and novel chromatographic procedures we have identified the major salvage pathways for metabolism of purine bases in P. falciparum infected human erythrocytes. The malaria parasitized erythrocyte (PRBC) differs from the unparasitized mature erythrocyte (RBC) in the following ways: PRBC primarily utilize hypoxanthine for synthesis of both adenylates and guanylates; PRBC incorporate the base guanine into guanylates at a higher rate than control RBC, PRBC do not appear to use adenine effectively due to an overwhelming competition for this base by the whole erythrocyte population; although PRBC cultures show an initial increase in [ATP] this change is interpreted to reflect a generalized RBC response to malaria infection and not a response restricted to PRBC. Our observations have identified a purine pathway involving adenylosuccinate (AMPs) present only in PRBC (HYP leads to IMP leads to AMPS leads to AMP). They also demonstrate the importance of guanylate synthesis to the malaria parasite. We have shown that the purine metabolism of unparasitized erythrocytes is perturbed during malaria infection, an effect reflected primarily by an increase in erythrocyte ATP. This increase in host erythrocyte ATP not only improves metabolic conditions for parasite growth but also places a demand on available purine resources that has implications for the severe disruption of normal erythrocyte function. PMID- 7027272 TI - Development of a perfluorochemical whole blood substitute (Fluosol-DA, 20%)--an overview of clinical studies with 185 patients. AB - Fluosol-DA, 20%, a perfluorochemical whole blood substitute, was infused during Phase II and Phase III clinical trials at 24 medical institutions in Japan to 185 patients for replacement of blood lost during surgery or for improvement of cerebral circulation. Its active ingredients (perfluorodecalin, perfluorotripropylamine, hydroxyethyl starch and Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution) give this biologically inert emulsion not only plasma-expanding properties but also a high oxygen-carrying capacity (7.2 vol.% at 37 degrees C; the oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells is 17 to 20 vol.%). Doses given to the patients ranged from 6 to 25 ml/kg body weight. With regard to arterial blood oxygen tension, arterial blood oxygen content, blood oxygen transport, oxygen consumption, and acid-base balance, beneficial effects were generally observed after infusion of the emulsion following blood loss especially when the fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired gas (FiO2) was kept higher than 0.5. The emulsion also manifested beneficial plasma-expander effects on hemodynamics (blood pressure, pulse rate, and central venous pressure). In no case was there any anaphylactoid or other untoward reaction observed or reported during or after infusion of the emulsion. Although a slight prolongation of bleeding time (Duke) was found, the surgeons never experienced and hemorrhagic tendencies during or after their operations. Slight and transient elevations of SGOT were found but SGPT and alkaline phosphatase levels remained normal. All other hematological and biochemical parameters measured in blood, serum and urine remained within normal ranges. PMID- 7027273 TI - Erythrocyte insulin receptors. PMID- 7027274 TI - [History of pharmacy in the Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae: a bibliography from 1926 to 1979]. PMID- 7027275 TI - The insulinotropic activity of Gymnema sylvestre, R. Br. An Indian medical herb used in controlling diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7027276 TI - Pilot study of pirinixil (BR 931) in various forms of hyperlipoproteinemias. PMID- 7027277 TI - Molecular aspects of ligand binding to serum albumin. PMID- 7027278 TI - Fat metabolism, the fibrinogen/fibrinolytic system and blood flow: new potentials for the pharmacological treatment of coronary heart disease. AB - Recent studies have emphasized the role of blood fibrinogen as a major determinant of blood and plasma viscosity in the microcirculation, of red cell and platelet aggregation, and in the growth of atheromatous lesions. Blood fibrinogen levels are increased and the endogenous fibrinolytic activity decreased by conditions or factors which raise plasma free fatty acid levels. Conversely, a wide variety of hypolipidemic agents lower fibrinogen levels and increase endogenous fibrinolytic activity apparently by reducing hepatic synthesis of fibrinogen and antifibrinolysins. These observations may open a new avenue for the pharmacological development of agents capable of improving the patterns of blood flow in patients with circulatory impairments. PMID- 7027279 TI - Trazodone and amitriptyline in treatment of depressed inpatients. A double-blind study. AB - Trazodone (TZ), a 'new generation' antidepressant and amitriptyline (AMT) were administered in a double-blind controlled study to 43 depressed inpatients. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), the AMDP-system and the Bf-s self rating questionnaire were used for documentation of psychopathological changes and autonomic side effects. The Newcastle-Scale for definition of a neurotic and an endogenous subgroup of depression was retrospectively applied. No significant improvement was noticed on the Bf-s self-rating questionnaire in the TZ group as compared to the AMT group (p less than 0.001). The global HAM-D score decreased significantly in the TZ group (p less than 0.05) as well as in the AMT group difference (p less than 0.01) emerged during the trial in favour of AMT. Core symptoms of depression were significantly improved in the AMT group but not in the TZ group: depressed mood (p less than 0.001), psychic anxiety (p less than 0.001) and retardation (p less than 0.05). TZ was faster actin than AMT in controlling agitation. Results of this clinical study demonstrate TZ to have sedative and some anxiolytic properties but only negligible antidepressant efficacy. PMID- 7027280 TI - The theoretical and microdosimetric basis of thermoluminescence and applications to dosimetry. PMID- 7027281 TI - [The development of phlebology in the last 30 years]. AB - Phlebology originated in Paris and Tubingen where Jean Sicard and Paul Linser accidentally discovered the possibility of the sclerotherapy of varicose veins. The second element in the treatment of lymphovenous insufficiency is ambulatory compression described as far back as the 18th century. It is only recently that reasons for its efficiency have been understood, with the study of fibrinolysis (which is counter-thrombotic), in England. The third step was the medical treatment of arterial affections, developed notably by Henri Reboul in Paris, with the aid of intra-arterial injections. In this way non-surgical disorders entered into the realm of phlebology. In 1947 Raymond Tournay, Jean Sicard, Jean Marmasse founded the French Phlebological Association (Societe Francaise de Phlebologie) which went rapidly from strength to strength. Ten years later its counterpart was founded in Benelux (Van der Molen, Van der Stricht, Zoller) and in the Federal Republic of Germany (E. Krieg, F. Jager, M. Ratschow, P. Matis, U. Ellerbroek, F. Olsen). Today there are phlebological associations throughout Europe, or at least phlebological sections of dermatological associations (Austria, Italy, Scandinavia). Switzerland, too, is very active in the phlebological field (Bolliger, Kappert, Leu). New evaluation devices (such as Sonar-Doppler, plethysmography etc.) improve diagnosis, made even more objective by the use of radiology. There are still too few phlebological teaching centres, and many of the existing ones have a surgical and clinical emphasis, and neglect polyclinical work. Besides the existing Phlebological Associations on other continents (Canada, Australia, South America) the College de Pathologie Vasculaire found by Cl. Olivier in Paris is very active. It offers most comprehensive theoretical and practical teaching. Other phelobological centres at Hamburg (Ellerbroek, Stegmann), Tubingen (Schneider, Fischer), Essen (Kluken), Zurich (Bolliger, Brunner), Vienna (Santler), Terwolde, Holland (Van der Molen), Bad Nauheim (Dembowski, Hach), Strasburg (Stemmer), Lille (Huriez, Merlen), Rouen (Ouvry, Davy), Louvain (Haven, De Greef), London (Hobbs), are engaged in spreading knowledge of phlebology, whose social significance is very important, since it deals with very widespread illnesses. A whole series of reviews and papers specialising in peripheral vascular disorders are published in all the main languages the world over. PMID- 7027282 TI - [Action and reaction of tissue to compression]. PMID- 7027283 TI - [The importance of nutrition among the risk factors in varicose veins]. AB - The author reminds us that varicose veins involve a large social and financial cost. He states the the etiopathogenic hypotheses commonly suggested have not been confronted with geographic pathological data and that consequently they are of little value. A thorough study of the epidemiological data and clinical characteristics of the disease was made. The different factors which are considered or which are likely to be considered in the onset of varicose veins are investigated in light of these data. From this comparison, it appears that the Western diet is the fundamental cause of varicose inducement and that it leaves the other factors (predisposing, triggering or aggravating) as risk factors. The part it plays is probably due to a slight vitamin E deficiency which, once aggravated (during pregnancy for instance), would act upon venous walls, coagulation and fibrinolysis. Thus, the veins would become sensitive to blood stasis and to venous hypertension effects due in particular to constipation. PMID- 7027284 TI - Mutagenicity of monoadducts and cross-links induced in Aspergillus nidulans by 8 methoxypsoralen plus 365 NM radiation. PMID- 7027285 TI - Signs of anxiety, rage, or distress. PMID- 7027286 TI - Split-thickness skin grafts in microvascular surgery. PMID- 7027287 TI - A comparative study on primary and secondary nerve repair. AB - The sciatic nerve of rats was severed, and in the first group of rats the nerve repair was made immediately; in the second group, 1 month after severance; and in the third group, 2 months after severance. These rats were allowed to survive for 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 months after nerve repair. At the seventh month after primary nerve repair, the average weight of the reinnervated anterior tibial muscle was 67 percent of that of the control muscle, and the cytochemical structure of the muscle fibers and subneural apparatuses was almost identical to those of the control. However, in the secondary nerve repair groups with neurorrhaphy 1 and 2 months after nerve severance, the average muscle weight was 50 and 60 percent, respectively, of that of the control. The cytochemical structure of both the muscle fibers and subneural apparatuses was not so mature as that of primary nerve repair. Furthermore, in rats with primary nerve repair, the size of muscle fibers was larger than that of rats with secondary nerve repair. The results observed in this experimental study strongly suggest the superiority of primary nerve repair over secondary nerve repair. PMID- 7027288 TI - The impact of cimetidine on the treatment of acid-peptic disease. PMID- 7027289 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 7027290 TI - Drug-induced liver disease. AB - The various forms and manifestations of drug-induced liver disease depend on the operation and interaction of several potential factors. First, there is metabolism by the hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase (MFO) enzyme system, the most important component of which is cytochrome P-450. The microsomal membranes and the MFO enzymes are capable of induction (increase in structure and function). Second, for drug-induced liver damage to ensue, the drug must have certain structural properties so that upon metabolic conversion, activated (toxic) metabolites are produced. Third, in certain instances the normal tissue glutathione level is critical for normal excretion of a water-soluble metabolite; otherwise, with depletion of tissue macromolecules (mostly proteins) occurs, resulting in irreversible tissue necrosis. Lastly, although still a point of some controversy, in some instances genetically determined, metabolic, predisposing factors that favor the toxicity pathway may be present in a given patient, such as a patient who is a rapid acetylator. There may be other genetically determined abnormalities in drug metabolism that produce either abnormal metabolites or immunochemically reactive substances from a given agent, but these have not yet been identified. PMID- 7027291 TI - The dissolution of gallstones. PMID- 7027292 TI - Crohn's disease. Its recognition and complications. PMID- 7027293 TI - Extended management of chronic ulcerative colitis and the problem of carcinoma. AB - Patients with ulcerative colitis provide a significant challenge to the primary care physician for a variety of reasons. Ulcerative colitis can be a severe or even fulminating disease or can be chronic, indolent, and therapeutically unresponsive. Patients afflicted with ulcerative colitis are often young, mobile, may have a suboptimal compliance with various forms of therapy, and may be lost to followup. Assessment of the individual therapeutic response as well as its relationship to the overall prognosis for a given patient may be difficult. Steroid side effects may also complicate the picture, leaving the patient the difficult alternative of total proctocolectomy with permanent ileostomy. Added to these factors is the recognition that under 50 per cent of patients with ulcerative colitis will undergo surgery and the remainder will be at increased risk for the subsequent development of colonic carcinoma. Although there has been much recent emphasis on adequate and cost-effective surveillance techniques to detect early carcinoma of the colon in ulcerative colitis, clarification of the value of colonoscopy and the definition of dysplasia are relatively recent developments. That the medical literature is often confusing only adds to the complexity and clinical challenge. Finally, although the cancer problem has been dominant, the challenge to the clinician is to try to assist the patient afflicted with ulcerative colitis to attain a meaningful and productive role in society. PMID- 7027294 TI - Polyps and carcinoma of the colon. PMID- 7027295 TI - Multiple personality and spirit possession. AB - "Multiple personality" remains surrounded with a halo of the occult, and, as a rare exotic, fits uneasily into the framework of modern psychotherapy. Yet, the spirit-possession phenomena which it so closely resembles are widely distributed and commonly reported; and therefore, from the comparative perspective of anthropology, the truly interesting question is not why it occurs at all but why it occurs so seldom. This essay is an anthropologically motivated intellectual history of the perceived relation between multiple personality, possession, and kindred states. On the theoretical side, it concerns the creative role of psychological curing, the influence of theory upon the existence of the things which it is held to explain, and the influence of social and cultural factors on self-perception and the topography of the ego. I will begin by outlining the relation between multiple personality and possession, and follow with an account of how certain Western psychological theorists once tentatively allowed for the real existence of possession. Next I will examine cases of multiple personality in which possession was considered to play a literal role. As such an interpretation became increasingly suspect, decline of belief in possession was paralleled by a decline of interest in multiple personality as such and in the frequency of reported cases. PMID- 7027296 TI - Was I hypnotized?: a social psychological analysis of hypnotic depth reports. AB - We will here review experimental work on subjects' reports of being hypnotized, using an attribution theory framework. Subjective experiences accompanying a hypnotic induction procedure and test suggestions are ambiguous, and, therefore, subjects rely on contextual information in order to label these experiences. Thus, subjects are most likely to define themselves as hypnotized when the situation is convincingly defined as hypnosis and when they observe that their responses are consistent with their conception of hypnosis. Other variables which influence subjects' reports include expert opinion and the wording of the scales used to assess subjective experiences. Rather than accurately reflecting a unique state of the person, reports of being hypnotized appear to represent the outcome of a complex interaction involving contextual information, self-observation, and pre-conceptions concerning hypnosis. PMID- 7027297 TI - Applied relaxation in treatment of "cardiac neurosis": a systematic case study. PMID- 7027298 TI - Pharmacotherapy of anxiety and depression. PMID- 7027299 TI - Vision screening requirements under 52 Early and Periodic Screening Diagnosis and Treatment (EPSDT) Programs. AB - A 1979 survey of vision screening requirements in 52 Early and Periodic Screening Diagnosis and Treatment (EPSDT) programs revealed that 17 percent of the programs had no requirements, and 17 percent required only distance visual acuity testing. An additional 25 percent required distance vision and ocular muscle-fusion tests only, and the remaining programs required various combinations of three or more tests. Fewer than two-thirds of the programs with requirements had referral criteria for the tests. The ages at which initial testing was required also varied among the programs. The differences in requirements were not related to the demographic, socioeconomic, and other variables analyzed in this study. Programs with specific referral criteria, however, had a higher percentage of referrals for vision screening than those without such criteria. Because of the variability in vision screening standards and referral criteria observed among the programs, the authors conclude that national standards are needed. PMID- 7027300 TI - Molecular electrostatic potential of the nucleic acids. PMID- 7027301 TI - Mechanisms of tolerance to DNA lesions in mammalian cells. PMID- 7027303 TI - Clinical and laboratory procedures for the construction and maintenance of the convertible periodontal prosthesis (IV). PMID- 7027302 TI - A hazard in direct bonding bracket--a case report. PMID- 7027304 TI - A biometric evaluation of gingival curettage (II). PMID- 7027305 TI - Cyanoacrylate used as a bonding agent beneath amalgam and composite restorations. PMID- 7027306 TI - Airbrasive etching of the enamel surface. PMID- 7027307 TI - [Radioprotective effect of cysteamine on wild-type and DNA repair-mutant strains of yeast cells]. PMID- 7027308 TI - [DNA polymerase II participation in the induction of radiation mutations]. PMID- 7027309 TI - Gelatin sponge in therapeutic neuroradiology: a subject review. AB - Gelatin sponge (Gelfoam) has been used extensively in transcatheter vascular occlusions. Its main disadvantage has been its biodegradable characteristics. In the present era of multiple and various embolic agents, the use of Gelfoam in therapeutic transvascular embolization is reevaluated. Its use as microparticles to obtain occlusion at the precapillary or capillary level in neoplastic conditions, or as a temporary block to protect normal territory, and its use in the control of hemorrhage are discussed. PMID- 7027310 TI - Intracortical fissuring in osteomyelitis. AB - Cortical fissuring, a well-recognized radiographic sign of osteomyelitis, represents spread of infection through the haversian system with osteoclastic bone resorption. In the proper clinical setting this finding may be recognized before there is other evidence of bone destruction or periosteal reaction. Three cases are presented that illustrate the sign at a relatively early stage in the progress of the osteomyelitis. While fissuring was previously considered evidence of sickle cell anemia, only one of our patients had sickle hemoglobin. PMID- 7027311 TI - Intravenous arteriography using scanned projection radiography. AB - Visualization of arteries using intravenous injections of contrast material requires an imaging system capable of (a) excellent sensitivity to dilute concentrations of contrast media and (b) adequate temporal resolution to minimize the effects of motion during the exposure. A line-scanned radiography system based on a CT fan-beam detector (high-pressure xenon ionization chamber) was used for phantom and animal studies of intravenous arteriography to demonstrate the potential advantages of this method. Even though line-scanned systems require long scan times compared to existing radiographic methods, they are capable of showing rapidly moving arteries without blurring. Concentrations of 3 mg/ml of iodine could be seen in vessels 2 mm in diameter. Phantom studies using kVp switching showed that bone or soft tissue could be selectively cancelled. PMID- 7027312 TI - Excretory urography using dual-energy scanned projection radiography. PMID- 7027313 TI - Amipaque dacryocystography. Biplane magnification and subtraction technique. PMID- 7027314 TI - Chronic dysrhythmias: a new look at old questions. PMID- 7027315 TI - Noradrenaline in the brain: progress in theories of behavioural function. PMID- 7027316 TI - [Studies on the nephritogenic glycopeptide, nephritogenoside (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027317 TI - [Structure of the nephritogenic glycopeptide isolated from rat glomerular basement membrane. Analyses by the 13C NMR spectroscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027318 TI - [Regulation of synthesis of ribosomal proteins and RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli--autogenous regulation at translational step (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027319 TI - Prostanoids and hemostasis in chickens: anti-aggregating activity of prostaglandins E1 and E2, but not of prostacyclin and prostaglandin D2. AB - Aggregation of chicken thrombocytes was studied in whole blood using an electronic aggregometer. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT), arachidonic acid (AA) and collagen, but not adenosinediphosphate (ADP) induced aggregation. Prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxides were essential for arachidonic acid-induced aggregation, but were not involved in 5HT-induced aggregation, as indicated by inhibitory studies with indomethacin. Similar experiments indicated that biosynthesis of endogenous PG endoperoxides contributed to the aggregation induced by low concentrations of collagen, but was of little importance when high collagen doses were employed. PGE1 and PGE2 could abolish all types of aggregation studied, whereas prostacyclin (PGI2) and PGD2 were without any anti aggregatory activity at 1 microgram/ml. Between 1 and 100 ng/ml PGE1 and PGE2 inhibited arachidonic acid- and 5HT-induced aggregation dose-dependently. The lack of any hemostatic function of PGI2 in chickens was also indicated by the absence of biosynthesis of endogenous PGI2 in chicken aorta. PGI2 was assessed as anti-aggregating activity, released by aortic fragments stirred in rabbit platelet rich plasma. Still, the presence of chicken aorta tissue in chicken whole blood inhibited 5HT-, but not arachidonic acid-induced aggregation. This inhibition was not affected by pretreatment of the aortic fragments with indomethacin or pargyline. PMID- 7027320 TI - A comparison of prostacyclin and heparin on hemodialyses in dogs. AB - A comparison of the efficacy of prostacyclin and heparin as anticoagulants during hemodialysis in uremic dogs was evaluated. Prostacyclin was infused continuously into the arterial limb of the dialyzer (100 ng/kg/min) while heparin was administered as a 5000 unit bolus at the beginning of dialysis. Prostacyclin and heparin were alternated and a total of 4 dialyses/dog were performed. Parameters followed to assess the efficacy of dialyses included: dialysance (ml/min) of urea, creatinine, ultrafiltration rate (ml/hr), residual volume and platelet count (% of baseline). A lesser degree of hemodialysis associated thrombocytopenia, and a higher ultrafiltration rate were observed with prostacyclin. These studies demonstrate that prostacyclin can be used alone as an anticoagulant in a uremic dog model, and in contrast to heparin it maintains the platelet count and improves the ultrafiltration rate during hemodialysis. PMID- 7027321 TI - Central cardiovascular activity of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2 alpha and prostacyclin. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) were tested here in unanesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats for their effects on the cardiovascular system as mediated by the central nervous system. Cannulae were chronically implanted into the third cerebral ventricle, femoral arteries and femoral veins of rats. Both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha induced increased arterial blood pressure and tachycardia by an action on the central nervous system. The changes seen with PGE2 were larger than those observed with PGF2 alpha. Only transient depressor effects were seen with PGI2 and these changes appeared to be due to the leakage of the substance into the peripheral vascular system. PMID- 7027322 TI - Effects of prostacyclin on cardiovascular reflexes from the ventricular epicardium of the dog: comparison with the effects of prostaglandin E2. AB - Application of bradykinin to the exposed ventricular surface of the dog's heart produced reflex pressor effects and tachycardia, whereas application of nicotine evoked reflex hypotension and bradycardia. Prostacyclin (PGI2) or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), when applied epicardially, had no effects by themselves but potentiated the reflex pressor changes to bradykinin; the depressor responses to nicotine were not changed. The potentiating effect of PGI2 was prompt but short lived, whereas that of PGE2 was slow in onset but prolonged. The results suggest that PGI2, which is present in the pericardial fluid, may contribute to signalling of pain and reflex circulatory changes when kinin formation occurs during myocardial ischaemia or pericardial inflammation. PMID- 7027323 TI - Influence of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha on collagen synthesis in the human cervix during various phases of the menstrual cycle. AB - Uterine cervix tissue, obtained from nonpregnant fertile women undergoing hysterectomy, was mechanically chopped into 1 mm thick slices and incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (0.03-10 microgram/ml) and 3H-proline. After incubation of 30-120 min the incorporated radioactivity was determined and related to the protein content of each slice. 6 keto-PGF1 alpha had specific and significant effects on the incorporation of 3H proline into cervical tissue. In the follicular phase of the cycle a decreased incorporation was registered, indicating a reduced net synthesis of protein. However, increased radiolabelling was observed in the luteal phase, reflecting an augmented protein synthesis. It is suggested that 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable metabolite of prostacyclin (PGI2), has the ability to influence cervical protein metabolism and that this effect is steroid hormone dependent. PMID- 7027324 TI - Effects of prostaglandins on the isolated uterine artery of nonpregnant women. AB - Specimens from the ascending branch of the human uterine artery were obtained from 35 nonpregnant fertile women undergoing hysterectomy. The specimens were cut either longitudinally or helically and mounted in organ chambers for isometric recording of the contractile activity. Spontaneous phasic activity occurred in 30% of the specimens. Both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha caused an increase in basal tonus of the strips while PGI2 relaxed spontaneously active as well as PG- and norepinephrine (NE2)-stimulated preparations. PGI2 had no effect on nonactive specimens, NE and transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) induced contractile activity that could be blocked by phenoxybenzamine. PGI2 counteracted the NE-induced response but not that of TNS. It is concluded that PGI2, which is synthesized both within the vessel wall and the myometrium, has a potent relaxing effect on uterine arteries and that the compound may balance the effect of vasocontricting substances. PMID- 7027325 TI - Effect of prostaglandin inhibition on glomerular filtration rate in normal and uremic rabbits. AB - Studies were performed to assess the effect of alterations in prostaglandin biosynthesis on glomerular filtration rate in rabbits with normal renal function and after surgical reduction of renal mass. In normal animals, the administration of either of two cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors resulted in a 53% reduction in urine prostaglandin E excretion, but no change in the creatinine clearance. Creatinine clearance rates were normal almost 71% lower in the uremic animals when compared to the animals with normal renal function. Despite the reduction in renal mass, urine prostaglandin E excretion rates in the uremic animals were over twice that seen in normal rabbits. When factored by either glomerular filtration rate or remaining renal mass, urine prostaglandin E excretion rates in uremic rabbits were compared to normal animals were increased more than 9-times and 40 times respectively. Administration of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors in the uremic animals resulted in a 71% decrease in urine prostaglandin E excretion, unlike and non uremic animals, a 53% fall in creatinine clearance. These findings suggest that intact renal prostaglandin biosynthesis is a necessary factor in the homeostatic adaptive mechanisms which maintain the glomerular filtration rate in animals with decreased renal mass. PMID- 7027326 TI - Prostacyclin (PGI2) and U-46619 stimulate coronary arteries from diabetic dogs and their action is influenced by inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis. AB - Isolated coronary arteries from diabetic dogs presented different contractile response to U-46619 to prostacyclin (PGI2) and to arachidonic acid (AA) than those of normal dogs. The stimulatory effect of the synthetic endoperoxide analogue U-46619, was significantly higher in the diabetic condition than in preparations from normal animals. On the other hand, while PGI2 evoked a dose dependent relaxation of normal coronary arteries, diabetic vessels were not relaxed by low concentration of PGI2 whereas higher ones produced a distinct constrictor effect. Additionally, inhibitors of prostaglandins and thromboxane (TX) biosynthesis such as corticosterone, indomethacin, acetylsalicylic acid, imidazole and L-8027, abolished the stimulatory effect of PGI2 in coronary arteries from diabetic dogs. AA relaxed coronaries from normal dogs and constricted those from diabetic animals, this action being inhibited by imidazole and L-8027. The present results suggest that: a) coronary vessels from diabetic dogs are more reactive to an endoperoxide analogue than normal preparations and b) PGI2 and AA probably contract diabetic coronary arteries via the participation of a TX like material. It is then plausible that this effect could be tentatively ascribed to the production of a prostaglandin constricting substance including also the probable generation of a TXA2-like agonist. PMID- 7027328 TI - [Freud's fantasies of grandeur, his concept of the unconscious, and Viennese decadence]. PMID- 7027327 TI - Pulmonary formation of prostacyclin in man. AB - The pulmonary formation of prostacyclin (PGI2), as reflected by the difference in concentration of pulmonary and systemic arterial radioimmunoassayed 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, was determined in six healthy waking subjects. The systemic arterial 6 keto-PGF1 alpha levels were low (less than or equal to 50 pg/ml), and no evidence of pulmonary formation and release of the compound was noted. In other experiments systemic arterial 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels were determined in patients prior to and during artificial ventilation, as well as during and after occlusion of the pulmonary circulation (extra-corporeal circulation, ECC). The arterial 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentration prior to artificial ventilation was 17 +/- 4 pg/ml, i.e. within the range observed in the healthy subjects. During artificial ventilation the arterial levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha increased to 191 +/- 21 pg/ml, suggesting that pulmonary formation of PGI2 was stimulated. In the patients subjected to ECC with occluded pulmonary circulation the arterial content of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was stabilised at an elevated level (120-170 pg/ml). Following re-establishment of the pulmonary circulation the arterial concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha increased markedly, to 284 +/- 50 pg/ml. It is suggested that the basal pulmonary formation of PGI2 in man is low or non existent, and that enhanced formation of the compound in the lungs is a consequence of intervention with normal pulmonary ventilation of perfusion. PMID- 7027329 TI - [Psychoanalysis and the social sciences (1938)]. PMID- 7027330 TI - [The Grodkow "Educational Institution"]. PMID- 7027331 TI - [Health institutions in Zakopane during the Nazi occupation]. PMID- 7027332 TI - [Experiences of children and mothers, members of forced labor, in West Pomerania]. PMID- 7027333 TI - [Medical and pharmacy students in Beirut (1941-1945)]. PMID- 7027334 TI - [Antoni Kepinski during the years 1939-1947]. PMID- 7027335 TI - [The early days in September in Cracow in 1939]. PMID- 7027336 TI - [From Cracow to Sachsenhausen]. PMID- 7027337 TI - [Children at the Institute for Mental Hygiene (Warsaw, 1943-1944)]. PMID- 7027338 TI - [Health care provided to partisan forces in Piotrkow. Reminiscences]. PMID- 7027339 TI - [Dr. Waclaw Olszak]. PMID- 7027340 TI - [Dr. Josef Bednarz]. PMID- 7027341 TI - [Dr. Jan Bularski]. PMID- 7027342 TI - [Col. Eugeniusz Parczewski]. PMID- 7027343 TI - [Dr. Stanislaw Janiszewski]. PMID- 7027344 TI - [Dr. Marian Gustek]. PMID- 7027345 TI - [Dr. Jozef Galka]. PMID- 7027346 TI - [Dr. Stanislawa Parczewska]. PMID- 7027347 TI - [Dr. Stefania Perzanowska]. PMID- 7027348 TI - [Prof. Wlodzimierz Lawkowicz]. PMID- 7027349 TI - [Lt.Col. Jan Zielina]. PMID- 7027350 TI - [Dr. Artur Karol Werner]. PMID- 7027351 TI - [35th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz memorialized at the Cracow Medical Society]. PMID- 7027352 TI - [Victims of Nazi persecutions in the light of expert judicial opinion]. PMID- 7027353 TI - [Medical topics dealing with the German occupation in Polish works published in 1980]. PMID- 7027354 TI - [Contents of preceding issues of "Przeglad Lekarski" (Medical Review) devoted to medical problems of the period of Nazi occupation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027355 TI - [Social and medical aid provided to combatants in the Bialystock area]. PMID- 7027356 TI - [Psychological adaptation of retired university professors, former victims of Nazi repressive measures]. PMID- 7027357 TI - [Attitude of survivors of the Oswiecim-Brzezinka camps to their former persecutors]. PMID- 7027358 TI - [Health status of forced laborers in hitlerite Germany]. PMID- 7027359 TI - [Effects of the Nuremberg trials against SS physicians and the shaping of concepts on human experimentation]. PMID- 7027360 TI - [Health services during the defense of the Baltic coast in 1939]. PMID- 7027361 TI - [Naval health services and the 1941-1945 underground activities]. PMID- 7027363 TI - Alloys of non-precious metal. PMID- 7027362 TI - [Sanitary conditions prevailing at the substitute police jail in Myslowice]. PMID- 7027364 TI - Problems in spruing: a student's approach (II). PMID- 7027365 TI - [Radioisotope usage in the studies on biosynthesis of plant reserves at the ripening stage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027366 TI - [Intrahospital infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in an outbreak of sepsis in newborn infants]. PMID- 7027367 TI - [Plasma levels of renin and aldosterone in children]. PMID- 7027368 TI - [Plasma renin activity in vasopressin-sensitive diabetes insipidus and changes in the same produced by clofibrate, carbamazepine and exogenous ADH]. PMID- 7027369 TI - [Clinico-bacteriological study of 20 Serratia marcescens infections treated with amikacin]. PMID- 7027370 TI - [Hepatic resections (Part I)]. PMID- 7027371 TI - [Influence of the thoracic wall on distribution of ventilation]. PMID- 7027372 TI - [Mechanical properties of the lung and distribution of ventilation]. PMID- 7027373 TI - [Almitrine, a powerful liberator of prostacyclin in vivo]. PMID- 7027374 TI - [Therapeutic trial of intravenous perfusion of almitrine in acute attacks of respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 7027375 TI - [Almitrine per os in the therapy of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies]. AB - A double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the effects of almitrine, administered orally as 3.5 mg/kg/day for one month, when compared with placebo in 20 patients with chronic obstructive pneumopathies from smoking, currently in the stage of chronic hypercapnic respiratory insufficiency. Clinical improvement was obtained, with a reduction in dyspnea and a more comfortable respiration. Objective signs of improvement where enhanced adaptation to assisted ventilation (3 cases out of 5), and less secondary infection in the almitrine group (0/10) than the placebo group (4/10). A statistically significant improvement (p less than 0.01) was recorded in blood oxygen and bicarbonates levels, and to a lesser degree, in blood CO2 levels (p less than 0.05) and without any increase in overall ventilation. As tolerance was good (8/10), almitrine appears to occupy a place of choice in the field of respiratory analeptic therapy. Its efficacy and convenience in use for daily practice require confirmation in long-term studies (more than 6 months). PMID- 7027376 TI - [Sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7027377 TI - [Current technical possibilities in the staging of lymphomas]. PMID- 7027378 TI - [Changes in the clearance of water and solutes caused by the reinfusion of ascitic ultrafiltrates in the chronic hepatorenal syndrome]. PMID- 7027379 TI - [Breast feeding. Evolution of knowledge concerning it. Socio-cultural problems. Guidelines for promoting it]. PMID- 7027380 TI - [Immunology of inflammatory intestinal diseases]. PMID- 7027381 TI - [Changes in tracheobronchial mucociliary clearance]. PMID- 7027382 TI - [Clear cell tumors of the thyroid]. PMID- 7027383 TI - [Vitamin D physiology and its application to disorders of calcium metabolism]. PMID- 7027384 TI - [Acute poisoning and respiratory physiopathology. Clinical review]. PMID- 7027385 TI - The 1980 C. H. McCloy Research Lecture. Psychophysiology of self-awareness during vigorous physical activity. PMID- 7027386 TI - [Effects of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, on plasma norepinephrine concentration in hypertensive patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027387 TI - [Effects of propranolol and pindolol on cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine and renin responses to exercise (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027388 TI - [Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 7027389 TI - Characterization of a novel L-asparaginase produced by Rhodotorula rubra. PMID- 7027390 TI - Cultivation of Pasteurella multocida under agitated conditions, in sterilized and non-sterilized media. PMID- 7027391 TI - [Difference in photoreactivation of DNA inactivated by ultraviolet light or near ultraviolet light]. PMID- 7027392 TI - [Effect of a single dose of captopril on arterial pressure, electrolytes and hormonal parameters. Study in 20 patients with long-term treatment in 8 patients]. PMID- 7027393 TI - [Society of Physicians and Naturalists of Jassy on its 150th anniversary (1830 1980)]. PMID- 7027394 TI - [Jubilee scientific session: "The medicine of progress and medical humanism". 150 years of activity of the Society of Physicians and Naturalists of Jassy (1830 1980). Jassy, 4 October 1980]. PMID- 7027395 TI - [The Revista Medico-Chirurgicala and its contribution to the progress of medical care]. PMID- 7027396 TI - [The tradition and current status of the relation between medical education and the Society of Physicians and Naturalists]. PMID- 7027397 TI - [The Society of Physicians and Naturalists and the development of biological sciences]. PMID- 7027398 TI - [Islet cell purification. A new approach to the endocrine pancreas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027399 TI - [Insulin secretion: recent acquisitions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027400 TI - [Role of glucagon in diabetes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027401 TI - [A model of experimental diabetes: the db/db mouse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027402 TI - [Exercise and postexercise ketosis in normal and diabetic men (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027403 TI - [Intracellular localizations of calmodulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027404 TI - [Prostaglandins and inflammation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027405 TI - [Episodes in Liege medicine. Paracelsus' legacy to the century of enlightenment]. PMID- 7027406 TI - [Biological studies of liver function]. PMID- 7027407 TI - [Medical or chirurgical treatment in transient cerebral ischemia? (author's transl)]. AB - When a physician is faced by a patient suffering from transient ischemic attacks, the diagnosis is almost invariably determined by the clinical history. It becomes necessary to eliminate certain other medical conditions including migraine, focal epilepsy and cardiac disorders. Once he is satisfied with the diagnosis of TIA, then he must consider whether to employ medical or surgical therapy or a combination of both. It must be recognized that TIAs are not benign events since more than 50 p. 100 of individuals who develop completed strokes will have antecedent TIAs. Identification of the pathogenetic mechanism becomes important in choosing the specific therapy. Where the origin of the attacks is clearly thromboembolic, secondary to atherosclerosis, surgical intervention may be appropriate if the lesion is readily accessible. However, consideration of surgery is also determined by the risk of post-operative stroke or death at the hands of less experienced surgeons. The risk of stroke in a patient who is having frequent TIAs may be reduced initially by utilizing anticoagulants for a limited period. Long-term medical therapy requires the use of anti-platelet agents which have been shown to have a more beneficial effect in preventing strokes in men. The evidence for protection in females is less satisfactory. Surgical treatment should be followed by long-term medical therapy since it is very unlikely that only one lesion is present in a high-risk patient. It is still clear that the best way to manage cerebro-vascular accidents is to prevent them. This requires education of the public, as will as physicians, with respect to risk factors and the value of various modes of therapy. PMID- 7027408 TI - ["A.I.C.L.A." controlled trial of aspirin and dipyridamole in the secondary prevention of athero-thrombotic cerebral ischemia. Part I: Protocol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027409 TI - [Amnesia from bilateral ischemic lesions of the thalamus (author's transl)]. AB - A 43-year-old woman developed during post-partum an axial amnesia of ischemic origin. Stereotactic correlations were obtained by matching CT scan images with the true reference plane of the examination, according to an original method. This led to the diagnosis of infarction in the territory of a paramedian thalamomesencephalic artery. The amnesia probably resulted from bilateral lesions of Vicq d'Azyr's bundle. Atypical features in this case were the absence of disorder of vigilance and oculomotor disorders. This striking fact in this patient was recovery of some recognition capability contrasting with the persistence of a major evocation disorder. PMID- 7027410 TI - [Glass ionomer cements]. PMID- 7027411 TI - [Immunologic methods in the study of idiopathic thrombopenic purpura]. PMID- 7027412 TI - [Irregular anti-P1 allo-antibodies and sinensis clonorchiasis]. AB - A parasitological and immuno-hematological study was undertaken simultaneously in fifty South-East asian refugees at the time of their arrival in France. --in this series the frequency of individuals having a P2 erythrocyte phenotype is 80%. - 54 % of these immigrants were found to be carriers of Clonorchis sinensis, a parasite rarely found in Europe. --in 40,7 % of these subjects infested by Clonorchis sinensis, the following properties were disclosed concerning the P1 allo-antibody: slow-P1 red cell agglutination at 22 degrees C, no hemolysis of P1 red cells in vitro, IgM antibody, in weak titers. The immuno-hematological study of the immuno-serums with respect to distomian antigens coupled with adsorption elution using P1+++ red cells shows a close immunological relationship between the antibody of parasite origin and the anti-P1 allo-antibody. PMID- 7027413 TI - [Post-transfusion malaria. Current state of the problem]. AB - A global review of the problem of malaria accidentally transmitted by blood transfusion is reported in France during these last twenty years. A survey by IFA test of possible reservoir hosts of Plasmodium among 2571 donors from the blood transfusion Centers of Marseille and Nice is reported. The incidence of the stay (frequency and longtime) in infested countries and the interval from the last infestation possible to the IFA test are very important factors. Several preventive methods are discussed. The author proposes this scheme: the donors frequently going to infested countries will be used only for preparing chemical plasma fractions. For the other donors the blood will be used for preparing whole blood, red cells, fresh or frozen plasma, platelet and leucocyte preparations in which a few parasites can be present, only if IFA test is negative 4 months after their coming back in our country. Nevertheless this screening beginning by an interrogation can be fallible. Therefore, there is no absolute preventive method. Physicians, Surgeons and Anesthetists must be forewarned. PMID- 7027414 TI - Medicine, science and humanism. PMID- 7027415 TI - Monoclonal antibodies derived from hybrid myelomas. AB - The hybrid myeloma technique for the production of monoclonal antibodies has been widely applied in many areas of biological and medical research. The strategy for derivation of monoclonal antibodies requires careful consideration of factors such as the initial immunization with antigen, choice of myeloma cell line, and method of assay for the desired antibodies. Once the hybrid lines have been isolated and established in culture they will continue to secrete the monoclonal antibody indefinitely, providing routine cloning is carried out to eliminate the accumulation of variants. Production of human monoclonal antibodies is at present limited by the lack of suitable parental myeloma cell lines although some success has been reported using both mouse and human cell lines. Under many assay conditions monoclonal antibodies behave differently to antisera directed against the same antigen but some of these differences are eliminated when two or more monoclonal antibodies are mixed. The unique properties of monoclonal antibodies also may allow subtle distinctions to be made between closely related antigens. PMID- 7027416 TI - [Amaurosis fugax]. AB - A follow up study has been performed in thirteen patients suffering from (amaurosis fugax) (A.F.). From the case material analysis and from the review of the current literature it has been possible to infer that the current pathogenetic hypotheses (cerebral and/or retinal microembolism) of the amaurosis fugax and of the transient ischemic cerebral attacks without ocular symptoms are similar, at least in the most of the cases. In all the cases of amaurosis fugax examined, the clinical symptomatology, the frequency of the episodes and the time required for its complete recovery have been described. Some (risk factors) of cerebrovascular disease, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and high plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, have been statistically analyzed using Student's t test and chi-square. As regards other possible risk factors (ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) only a statistical frequency analysis has been performed. The results of the anti-platelet therapy in modifying the frequency of the A.F. episodes have been discussed. It has been lastly considered the results of the follow-up study in regard to the prognosis of the A.F. PMID- 7027417 TI - [The problem of Parkinsonism associated with the motor neuron disease. Clinical report on 11 sporadic cases (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical data are presented of 11 subjects affected by a sporadic form of Parkinsonism with associated motor neuron disease. Combined lesions of upper and lower neuron were found in 10 of 11 cases, while in the remaining case only lower motor neuron disorder was present. The female/man ratio is 1/11. The early symptoms appear at a mean age of 56.9 years: in 6 patients with both syndromes at the same time while in 4 only with Parkinson. These observations confirm the view that different degenerative neurological syndromes must not be considered autonomous entities, but only different forms of polysystemic degenerative diseases that choose, in particular conditions, some neuronal districts rather than others. PMID- 7027418 TI - What's new in drugs: captopril: innovation in hypertension therapy. PMID- 7027419 TI - [Purulent meningitis. Historical recollection]. PMID- 7027420 TI - [Gastro-enterology in 1981]. PMID- 7027421 TI - [Chronic atrophic gastritis]. PMID- 7027422 TI - [Digestive and systemic complications of ileal diseases]. PMID- 7027423 TI - [Hematology in 1981]. PMID- 7027424 TI - Thirty years of research (I). PMID- 7027425 TI - [Analgesic effect and fecal blood loss induced by antrafenine. A double-blind comparison with aspirin]. PMID- 7027426 TI - Is angiotensin a new pineal hormone? AB - An isorenin is synthetized in the pineal gland cells. For the synthesis of angiotensin I and II a supply of alpha2 globulin renin substrate is necessary. The amount of isorenin as well as of angiotensin I and II in the pineal gland depends on the circadian rhythm, the sleep-wakefulness cycle, osmotic stimuli, stimulation of the sympathetic postganglionar fibres which innervate the pineal gland and it is increased in some diseases, as hereditary diabetes insipidus and spontaneous hypertension in rat. Pineal angiotensin is released both into the blood and into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The major sites of action are the circumventricular organs, the periventricular receptors of the anterior hypothalamus and the epiphysis cerebri itself. Beside its participation in the regulation of arterial pressure and of the hydroelectrolytic metabolism through its direct effects on the brain, pineal angiotensin also participates in the pool of circulating angiotensin and it may represent Farrell's pineal glomerulotropic factor. PMID- 7027427 TI - Ultrastructural peculiarities of the endocrine pancreas capillaries in the genetically obese mice. PMID- 7027428 TI - Total blood thyroxine and TSH levels in the newborns of an endemic goiter area in Romania. AB - A neonatal screening of two approximately equal groups (376 in all) from (A) Bucharest (a non-endemic area) and (B) Cimpulung (an endemic area) was undertaken. RIA of T4 and TSH in dry whole blood spots was performed using blood collected 3--5 days after birth. The results show a significantly lower T4 valu in group (B) as against group (A), i.e. 105.5 +/- 3.61 nmol. L-1 as against 146.3 +/- 1.61 nmol. L-1, and a significantly increased TSH value, i.e. 19.1 +/- 0.76 microU. ml-1 as against 10.9 +/- 0.84 microU. sml-1. No sex-related differences were noticed. Our findings point to a neonatal thyroid hypofunction in the endemic area and to the need to establish the range of variation for the thyroid parameters used as criteria for congenital hypothyroidism in endemic areas. Iodine prophylaxis applied to pregnant women in such areas is also discussed. PMID- 7027429 TI - [Anomalies of mineralization of the temporal styloid process (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases treated by medical means are reported, and reports in the published literature briefly reviewed. --Anatomically the temporal styloid process is related to four main structures : the carotid artery and vein, and the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves. --Hypotheses as to the pathogenesis of these lesions are based on clinical findings. The anomalies may be discovered : 1) On radiological examination. 2) Present as pain in the tonsillar region radiating to the neck. 3) Fronto-orbital or temporo-occipital headaches. 4) Sudden repetitive bouts of syncope. --Therapy includes psychotherapy, local infiltration of an anesthetic, or removal of a fragment of the calcified styloid process by a cervical or pharyngeal approach. PMID- 7027430 TI - Comparison of serum salicylate levels and gastro-intestinal blood loss between salsalate (Disalcid)and other forms of salicylates. AB - In a first stage the effect of a single dose of 3 g of salsalate on serum salicylate level was compared with a single intake of 3 g of soluble or enteric coated acetylsalicylates in 12 healthy subjects. Salsalate seems to resorb faster than the enteric-coated forms but more slowly than the soluble forms of acetylsalicylate. However, in comparison with these latter forms, salsalate activity is more protracted. In the second part of the study, 42 patients were admitted to a trial in which 3 to 5 g of salsalate was given daily and in which serum salicylate levels and blood loss in stools were measured using the method of labelling red blood cells with Cr51. The ideal dosage to obtain a serum salicylate level of 20 mg/100 ml seems to lie between 3 and 4 g of salsalate a day. Salsalate caused abnormal gastro-intestinal blood loss in only 2 of the 42 patients studied, which is significantly fewer compared with the soluble, intravenous or enteric-coated forms of acetylsalicylates. PMID- 7027431 TI - Bromhexine treatment of Sjogren's syndrome: effect on lacrimal and salivary secretion, and on proteins in tear fluid and saliva. AB - In a randomized clinical study, 32 patients with Sogren's syndrome (SS were given placebo/bromhexine (Bisolvon) 48 mg daily for 3 weeks. Various ophthalmological and oral variables as well as different proteins in the tear fluid and saliva were registered. Bromhexine stimulated the tear secretion significantly, presumable without changing the protein composition of the tear fluid. In contrast to other proteins in saliva the IgM concentration decreased in patients with high pre-treatment values. Bromhexine may be of valuable help in the treatment of some patients with SS. PMID- 7027432 TI - A comparison of the effects of HP 549 (Isoxepac), indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) on gastric mucosa in man. AB - To determine the reaction of the gastric mucosa to HP 549 (isoxepac) an oxo dibenz-oxepine derivative of acetic acid and new non-steroidal antiphlogistic agent in comparison with standard drugs, 12 healthy volunteers received 3 g of Aspirin, 150 mg of indomethacin, or 600 mg of HP 549 (isoxepac) in a double-blind cross-over trial. Before and after each treatment period, all subjects underwent gastroscopy with biopsy of gastric mucosa. The subjects recorded complaints (side effects) before and after each treatment period. Aspirin produced significantly more gross mucosal changes at endoscopy. There was no significant difference between isoxepac and indomethacin. Both produced very few gastric mucosal changes and there were few subjective complaints. PMID- 7027433 TI - Investigation of blood platelets in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Synovial fluid (SF) aspirated from inflamed knee joints from each of 13 patients with adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was mixed with ACD in the ratio SF/ACD=9:1 with subsequent addition of an equivalent amount of an edta-tris buffer. The mixture was centrifuged to obtain a platelet-rich supernatant. The platelets were washed three times and counted. The same procedure was performed with SF from non inflamed knee-joints from 3 patients with osteoarthrosis (OA). Direct immunofluorescence (IF) studies were performed with aliquots of platelet suspensions from each SF. In most RA specimens observed under the microscope before separation of platelets, a few small platelet aggregates were observed and platelets were seen in contact with lymphocytes. In all instances, the platelet count appeared to be positively correlated to the total number of white blood cells. In the OA specimens, relatively few platelets were detected, a few lymphocytes were seen in contact with platelets, but no platelet aggregates or correlation between platelets and white blood cell counts were found. Results of the IF studies of RA specimens provide evidence that IgG, IgM and C3 are located on the platelet surface. On the surface of OA platelets, however, only IgG and C3 were detected. Identical staining results were found with washed peripheral platelets from 3 of the RA and 1 of the OA patients. Neither medical treatment nor Waaler serology influenced the staining results. In inflamed SF from RA patients, both IgG aggregates, immune complexes, collagen, and prostaglandins can induce a platelet release reaction with liberation of vasoactive compounds, chemotactic substances and enzymes which can destroy connective tissue, cartilage and bone structures. Interpretations and the significance of the different results are discussed. PMID- 7027434 TI - [Clinical experiments with the Quick Analyzer and the Dr. Robert Lee Panadent articulator]. PMID- 7027435 TI - [Improvement in cast fillings and cast crowns]. PMID- 7027436 TI - [Enamel caries: is it curable? (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7027437 TI - The patient record in epidemiology. PMID- 7027438 TI - Immune suppression with cyclosporin A-optimism and caution. AB - There have been no fundamental changes over the past 15 to 20 years in the immunosuppressive agents used in clinical transplantation. Equally efficient, but less toxic alternatives have been sought for some time. Cyclosporin A is an important new pharmacological immune suppressant, with a unique structure, which prolongs graft survival in a variety of species. It exerts a highly selective inhibitory effect on those T lymphocytes responding to antigenic challenge and is not myelotoxic. Indeed, no toxic effects have been reported at therapeutic doses in animals. Clinical trials indicate that it could prove extremely useful in management of graft rejection and autoimmune disease, however there are some doubts regarding possible hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects in man. There is also concern over the reported incidence of malignant lymphomas in cyclosporin A treated graft recipients. PMID- 7027439 TI - Blood-brain glucose transfer: repression in chronic hyperglycemia. AB - Diabetic patients with increased plasma glucose concentrations may develop cerebral symptoms of hypoglycemia when their plasma glucose is rapidly lowered to normal concentrations. The symptoms may indicate insufficient transport of glucose from blood to brain. In rats with chronic hyperglycemia the maximum glucose transport capacity of the blood-brain barrier decreased from 400 to 290 micromoles per 100 grams per minute. When plasma glucose was lowered to normal values, the glucose transport rate into brain was 20 percent below normal. This suggests that repressive changes of the glucose transport mechanism occur in brain endothelial cells in response to increased plasma glucose. PMID- 7027440 TI - 1981 Nobel prize for physiology or medicine. PMID- 7027441 TI - Hemin lyses malaria parasites. AB - Malaria parasites isolated from mouse erythrocytes are lysed by ferriprotoporphyrin IX chloride (hemin) or by a chloroquine-hemin complex in amounts that could be produced by release of less than 0.1 percent of the heme in erythrocytic hemoglobin. This effect of hemin may explain the protection against malaria provided by thalassemia and other conditions causing intracellular denaturation of hemoglobin. The toxicity of the chloroquine-hemin complex may explain the selective antimalarial action of chloroquine. PMID- 7027442 TI - Thymosin stimulates secretion of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor. AB - Partially purified thymosin fraction 5 and one of its synthetic peptide components, thymosin beta 4, but not thymosin alpha 1, stimulated secretion of luteinizing hormone--releasing factor from superfused medial basal hypothalami from random cycling female rats. In addition, luteinizing hormone was released from pituitary glands superfused in sequence with hypothalami. No release of luteinizing hormone in response to thymosin was observed from pituitaries superfused alone. These data provide the first evidence of a direct effect of the endocrine thymus on the hypothalamus and suggest a potentially important role for thymic peptides in reproductive function. PMID- 7027443 TI - Drug found to help heart attack survivors. PMID- 7027444 TI - Diagnosis of bone disease by core biopsies. PMID- 7027445 TI - Bone marrow needle biopsy: an evaluation and critique. PMID- 7027446 TI - Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant patients: three office screening systems versus quantitative culture. AB - We screened 691 asymptomatic prenatal patients by quantitative culture of clean voided urine specimens and one of three office screening devices to detect bacteriuria. The ability of each screening system to detect a single pathogenic organism in concentration equal to or greater than 100,000/ml was analyzed. Microstix-3 reagent strips had 87.5% accuracy, with the smallest number of false positive results (6.7%). The Bacturcult system was correct in 75% of cases, but yielded 30% false-positive results. The Testuria system was least accurate (62.5%) and had the highest incidence of false-positive tests (71%). PMID- 7027447 TI - Arthroscopic meniscectomy. AB - The first known operations on the meniscus were done in the late 1800s. Since that time, as the architectural and biomechanical aspects of the knee became known, the tide swung from advocacy of total meniscectomy regardless of the damage involved, to a procedure that removed only the damaged portion of the meniscus. In the 1950s, the advent of arthroscopy provided the orthopedic surgeon with a sophisticated tool both for closed diagnosis of meniscal disorders and for their treatment. This article reviews our experience with 100 arthroscopic meniscectomies, comparing them, where possible, with a series of 94 open meniscectomies. Increasing experience with the arthroscopic procedure progressively decreased the duration of operation, complications, and the need for repeat operation. We found that closed meniscectomy can result in relief of symptoms and good to excellent results in a high percentage of patients. PMID- 7027448 TI - Selecting patients for penetrating keratoplasty. AB - Proper selection of patients for successful penetrating keratoplasty depends on four important factors: (1) psychosocial factors, including visual need, the conditions under which the patient lives, and the patient's ability to nurture this tissue over many years; (2) the general condition of the eye, including the health of the ocular surface, intraocular pressure, motility, anterior segment anatomy, and vitreoretinal disease; (3) the structure of the host cornea--in terms of its thickness, vascularization, epithelial and stromal integrity, and sensation--as well as the corneal condition for which the operation is being done; and (4) the skills of the ophthalmologist managing the graft, particularly those involved in preoperative patient selection and postoperative graft management, as well as his technical surgical skills. PMID- 7027449 TI - Microcomputer-based medical education. PMID- 7027450 TI - Computed tomographic evaluation of intra-abdominal abscesses in immunocompromised hosts. PMID- 7027451 TI - Cryptococcal arthritis after renal transplantation. PMID- 7027452 TI - [Hepatic amebiasis]. PMID- 7027453 TI - [Effort and prospects for systematizing and standardizing the terminology in health education]. PMID- 7027454 TI - [Assistance of the Soviet Union in the development of public health in the Mongolian People's Republic]. PMID- 7027455 TI - [Pedagogical activities of N. I. Pirogov in Kamenets-Podolski and his relations with the Society of Podolia Physicians (on the centenary of Pirogov's death)]. PMID- 7027456 TI - [Role of the state in the medical affairs of the Aztecs (a study of the medicine of slave-owning societies)]. PMID- 7027457 TI - [Reforms at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries in the field of medical education in Russia]. PMID- 7027458 TI - [Morphometric analysis of brain tumors]. PMID- 7027459 TI - [Leukemias in lymphogranulomatosis and other malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 7027460 TI - [Role of proteolytic enzymes in the pathogenesis of intestinal infections]. PMID- 7027461 TI - [Late local complications in burn patients]. PMID- 7027462 TI - [Diagnostic value of determining serum O- and K-antibody titers in salmonellosis]. PMID- 7027463 TI - [Modern surgical treatment methods in perforating ulcers located in the pyloroduodenum]. PMID- 7027465 TI - [Present-day concept of splenectomy in chronic myeloleukemia (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7027464 TI - [Postoperative thromboembolic complications in cancer patients]. PMID- 7027466 TI - [Gastrointestinal complications of tumor chemotherapy]. PMID- 7027467 TI - [Experience with using hydrolysin and anabolic steroids in the combined treatment of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7027468 TI - [Intra-arterial antibiotic infusions in the complex treatment of the purulent complications of wounds and plastic surgery of the skin of the hand]. PMID- 7027469 TI - [Achievements and problems of microsurgery]. PMID- 7027470 TI - [Effectiveness of variants of the complex therapy of hypoplastic anemia]. PMID- 7027471 TI - [Dositej Obradovic - health educator]. PMID- 7027472 TI - [Dr. Dusan Boric (1 September 1889-3 September 1978)]. PMID- 7027473 TI - [Prof. Bozidar Nikolic (23 October 1914--29 September 1979)]. PMID- 7027474 TI - Organized medicine in the Eastern Cape. PMID- 7027475 TI - The Jorgensen philosophy of intravenous sedation--a retrospective. PMID- 7027476 TI - Inhibition of Candida albicans by the anaerobic oral flora of mice in vitro. AB - Candida albicans was grown anaerobically for 30 h in cultures of anaerobic bacteria isolated from the oral cavity of mice, in anaerobic flora culture filtrates, and in sterile broth as controls. In mixed cultures, C. albicans entered into a logarithmic death phase, while Candida cells grown in culture filtrates remained in a prolonged lag phase. C. albicans grown anaerobically in sterile broth produced a gradual increase in growth. PMID- 7027477 TI - The isolation of pathogenic fungi and actinomycetes from soil in Egypt. AB - 140 soil samples from the Assiut governorate were examined for pathogenic fungi and actinomycetes. The paraffin-bait technique and a modified sodium citrate utilizing procedure were used for recovery of Nocardia strains. Five isolations of N. brasiliensis were made by the sodium citrate method while 3 isolates were obtained by the other method. N. gypsoides was isolated for the first time, only the the modified method. It appears that the latter method suppresses to a great extent the growth of saprophytic fungi, hence increasing the possibility of the isolation of Nocardia spp. The effect of keratin enrichment on the isolation of dermatophytes from soil by the hair-bait technique was also investigated. Pretreatment of samples with dog hair or feathers increased the yield of isolates of Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton terrestre and to a lesser extent, T. mentagrophytes, M. canis was recovered from soil only after its enrichment with dog hair. It is suggested that enrichment with other forms of keratinous material, either separately or in combination, might increase the recovery of keratinophilic fungi from soil. PMID- 7027478 TI - The continuous treatment of early syphilis by arsphenamin and heavy metals. PMID- 7027479 TI - Molluscum contagiosum. AB - Molluscum contagiosum, a benign cutaneous infection of children and young adults, occurs throughout the world. Infectious virions apparently are transferred from the visible lesions to the skin of susceptible persons, either by direct contact or by fomites. Circumstantial evidence suggests that this infection is transmitted between young adults during sexual intercourse. The lesions of molluscum contagiosum are usually small, firm, umbilicated papules located on exposed skin of children or on genital skin in young adults. Such lesions are pathognomonic. Molluscum lesions resolve spontaneously; however, various treatments that remove the infected epidermis may be used to minimize transmission of the disease or for cosmetic reasons. In vitro culture techniques that have been successful for other viruses fail to propagate this virus. Successful inoculations of humans were reported early in the 20th century, but attempts to repeat these experiments have failed. Consequently, precise knowledge of this infection is lacking. PMID- 7027480 TI - [Cavity preparation for a new adhesive restorative resin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027481 TI - [New dowel pins]. PMID- 7027482 TI - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history (18) "Clinical Health Care"]. PMID- 7027483 TI - [Approach of periodontal treatment in periodontics (7) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027484 TI - [Management of periodontal diseases--initial preparation]. PMID- 7027485 TI - [Paleontological view points on the morphological characteristics of human molar teeth. I (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027486 TI - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history (19) Clinical guidelines (3)]. PMID- 7027487 TI - [The merits and demerits of nonprecious ceramic-metal alloys (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027488 TI - [Periodontal point of view (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027489 TI - [Carbenicillin-trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole or carbenicillin-tobramycin as empirical treatment of infection in granulocytopenic patients. A controlled prospective trial (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027490 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation in Fanconi's anaemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027491 TI - [Pathogenetic mechanisms of platelet hyperaggregation in diabetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027492 TI - [High circulating prostacyclin levels in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027493 TI - [Allogenic bone-marrow transplantation in severe marrow aplasia. Analysis of 12 consecutive cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027494 TI - [Therapeutic advances in thromboembolic disease. I. Dihydroergotamine + heparin]. PMID- 7027495 TI - [Massive plasmapheresis in the conditioning for ABO-incompatible bone-marrow transplant (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027496 TI - Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1981: legislative history and summary of OASDI and Medicare provisions. AB - In this article, the Commissioner of Social Security traces the legislative development and summarizes the final form of changes in the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) and Medicare programs incorporated in the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-35). This legislation, signed into law by President Reagan on August 13, contains a major portion of his Program for Economic Recovery, announced to the Nation in February. The final section of the article shows that, although the Social Security and Medicare provisions in Public Law 97-35 will have a favorable effect on the overall financial status of the OASDI and Hospital Insurance Trust Funds, these changes will not be sufficient to restore the financial soundness of the programs in the near term or over the long range. PMID- 7027497 TI - Cell fusion-induced mouse neuroblastomas HPRT revertants with variant enzyme and elevated HPRT protein levels. AB - Fusion of 6-thioguanine-resistant mouse neuroblastoma to HeLa whole and minicells generated neuroblastoma HPRT revertants in addition to true cell hybrids. All revertants contained HPRT with decreased electrophoretic mobility and heat stability relative to wild-type mouse enzyme. Revertant HPRT expression was dependent on continuous HAT selection. Quantitative immunoadsorption experiments showed that revertants with low HPRT specific activity had wild-type levels of HPRT protein while a revertant with high apparent activity (NBR4) contained elevated levels of variant protein. HPRT extracted from NBR4 had decreased affinity of both hypoxanthine and PRPP relative to wild type. Evidence is presented that HPRT elevation is dependent on the reversion process itself. PMID- 7027498 TI - Diminished gastric inhibitory polypeptide response to glucose administered orally in patients with chronic pancreatitis. AB - The secretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and of insulin was studied in patients with chronic relapsing pancreatitis and a healthy controls in the fasting state as well as after the oral intake of glucose. The basal levels of gastric inhibitory polypeptide were significantly lowered in patients with chronic relapsing pancreatitis compared with levels in normal persons, whereas the basal insulin levels were normal. The gastric inhibitory polypeptide response to orally administered glucose in patients with pancreatitis exhibited a paradoxic decline and was significantly lower than it was in normal persons. Patients with pancreatitis also had a diminished insulin response to glucose. The findings suggest that the feedback mechanisms between gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin, seen in normal persons, are not functioning in patients with chronic relapsing pancreatitis. The events which cause this are, at present, unknown. PMID- 7027499 TI - Hemostatic suture of the stomach for the treatment of massive hemorrhage due to esophageal varices. AB - Hemorrhage from esophagogastric varices has been treated in 15 patients by an interruption of the portal-azygous venous circulation. The venous pedicles of the stomach were ligated, and a hemostatic suture was placed around the circumference of the stomach at the level of its upper and middle thirds. The procedure was effective in controlling massive acute hemorrhage caused by portal hypertension. One operative death occurred. During follow-up observations of eight months to five years, only one patient had mild recurrent hemorrhage at the end of the second year. Four patients died late of liver failure. This method of the anatomic interruption between portal and azygous venous circulation was simple, rapidly performed and relatively safe in patients with massive bleeding gastroesophageal varices which had not responded to conservative therapy. PMID- 7027500 TI - Primary abdominal wound closure with permanent, continuous running monofilament sutures. PMID- 7027501 TI - Single layer intestinal anastomosis. PMID- 7027502 TI - The original Peter Bent Brigham Hospital surgical staff. PMID- 7027503 TI - Plasma proteins and wound healing. AB - In response to injury, the concentrations of several plasma proteins are characteristically altered. In part, these changes reflect an essential contribution of many of these proteins, acting in concert, to the processes involved in wound healing. There is evidence that plasma proteins support tissue repair by metabolic as well as functional activity. Specifically, plasma proteins may directly facilitate wound healing by: provision of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids in a usable form as biosynthetic precursors and energetic substrates; the transport of trace metal cofactors involved in various wound repair processes; adhesion of regenerating tissue; modulation of the rate of structural protein synthesis; alignment of collagen subunits; organization of cellular elements wound repair; prevention of autoimmune reactions; hormone transport and local modulation of hormonal effects; neutralization of the potentially toxic products of the inflammatory response and the inhibition of microbial invasion and colonization. PMID- 7027504 TI - [Protracted pneumonia and its etiology]. PMID- 7027505 TI - [Disorders of glucose tolerance in thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 7027506 TI - [Logical and methodological problems of computer use in diagnosis]. PMID- 7027507 TI - [Development and application of complex automated programs in the diagnosis and prognosis of ischemic heart disease. III. Principles of automated control of treatment of chronic coronary disease]. PMID- 7027508 TI - [Double-blind trial of the therapeutic efficacy of voltaren and indomethacin in Bechterew's disease]. PMID- 7027509 TI - [Comparative efficacy of voltaren and naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis (double blind trial)]. PMID- 7027510 TI - [Immunomorphological changes in the skin of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and the effect of cytostatic therapy]. PMID- 7027511 TI - [Surface markers of peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid diseases]. PMID- 7027512 TI - [Current theories on the role of lipoproteins of different classes in the etiology of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7027513 TI - [Kidney abnormalities and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7027514 TI - [Plasma renin activity of aortic and venous blood in arterial hypertension of different etiologies]. PMID- 7027516 TI - [The weight of the physician's experience]. PMID- 7027515 TI - [Treatment of postoperative edema and pain with the antiphlogistic Surgam]. PMID- 7027517 TI - [Chylothorax and chyloascites in Brill-Symmers disease]. PMID- 7027518 TI - [Cardiovascular effects of calcium antagonists drug (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027519 TI - [A clinical trial of guanoxabenz: a hypotensive agent with central and hypertensive action (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027520 TI - [Establishing a criteria: the bibliography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027521 TI - [Undocumented side effects : from actual observation to data from the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027522 TI - [Brief history of post-marketing surveillance of perhexiline maleate]. PMID- 7027523 TI - [Kinetics and tolerance of a combined intravenous and oral dose of mexiletine during the sub acute phase of myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027524 TI - [Acute total body irradiation and treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027525 TI - Production of factor X and factor Xa variants with thrombin, acutin and by autolysis. PMID- 7027526 TI - Fibrinogen and fibrin derivatives in serum from normal and sick children. PMID- 7027527 TI - On the role of the major platelet membrane glycoproteins in platelet adhesion to collagen. PMID- 7027528 TI - A randomized, placebo controlled trial of prostacyclin (PGI2) in peripheral arterial disease. PMID- 7027529 TI - Platelet adherence to collagen: effect of erythrocytes. PMID- 7027530 TI - Herman van Genderen Symposion. PMID- 7027531 TI - Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Toxicology: its research (1961-1980). PMID- 7027532 TI - Screening and function studies in immunotoxicity testing. AB - After a short introduction of various chemical of environmental concern that have been shown to alter cell-mediated or humoral immune responses, a screening procedure is given to detect possible immunotoxic properties of chemicals. The different parameters in this screening programme include growth, weight and histology of lymphoid and endocrine organs, haematology, as well as serum immunoglobulin concentrations. Next, different functional tests are discussed to assess the cell-mediated immunity, the humoral immunity, and the phagocytosis by macrophages in the rat. These tests should be performed when in a screening study an indication of immunotoxicity is found at a relevant dose level. The aim of functional assessment is to determine the functional significance of an effect on the immune response. As the data available at present clearly show that the developing organism is more at risk to the immunomodulating effects of different chemicals than the corresponding adult, functional assessment of immune effects should preferably be carried out after combined pre- and postnatal exposure. PMID- 7027533 TI - [Interactions of drugs with insulin and tablets]. PMID- 7027534 TI - [Organization Epilepsy Control Netherlands]. PMID- 7027535 TI - Human bones of the burial mounds in matsuyama. Report I. PMID- 7027536 TI - Chemistry of saturated bicyclic peroxides (the prostaglandin connection). PMID- 7027537 TI - Antagonism between salicylic acid and glucose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7027538 TI - The effect of lead acetate on the immune response in mice. PMID- 7027539 TI - Involvement of non-oxidative enzymes in mutagenic activation of urine from rats, given benzidine and some other aromatic amines. AB - Urinary metabolites of rats treated with benzidine and some other genotoxic aromatic amines became mutagenic in the Ames assay after activation with liver cytosol from rat, mouse and guinea pig. Most of the mutagenic metabolites appeared in urine as glucuronides. Strong evidence was found that N,O acyltransferase is responsible for the mutagenic activation by rat liver cytosol. The inhibitory effect of paraoxon and sodium fluoride indicates that the activation by mouse liver cytosol is due to the action of deacetylase. Mutagenic activation by guinea pig liver cytosol seemed to be mediated in part by deacetylase. The metabolite activated by these enzymes most likely is a glucuronidated, N-acetylated, N-hydroxylated product. PMID- 7027540 TI - Failure of contraceptive steroids to modify human chorionic gonadotrophin secretion by hydatidiform mole tissue and choriocarcinoma cells in culture. AB - The effect of steroids contained in oral contraceptives, namely ethinylestradiol:17 alpha-ethinyl-1,3,5,(10)-estratriene-3, 17-diol (E) and norethindrone acetate:17 beta-acetoxy-17-ethinyl-4-estren-3-one (N), on cell replication and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secretion by choriocarcinoma cells in monolayer culture and by hydatidiform mole tissue maintained in organ culture were studied. The steroids were added to the culture medium individually or in combination to achieve a range of concentrations (10-10 to 10-4), within and beyond the presumed concentration of these substances in the blood of women taking oral contraceptives. The effect of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) on hCG secretion by choriocarcinoma cells in monolayer culture also was investigated. The rate of hCG production by either choriocarcinoma cells in monolayer culture or by hydatidiform mole tissue maintained in organ culture was not affected by the hormones used in this study; indeed hCG secretion remained reasonably unchanged even with high concentrations of steroids (up to 10-4 M) or LHRH (up to 10-4 mg x ml-1). Cell replication, as measured by increase in amount of cellular protein and DNA, was not stimulated by either of these compounds. PMID- 7027541 TI - [Determination of the species origin of skin by x-ray and histological study methods]. PMID- 7027542 TI - Principles of antibody elution. AB - Antibody-antigen binding depends upon ionic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bonds, as well as van der Waals forces and three-dimensional conformation. Antibody elution techniques attempt to break those forces by alterations of ionic strength, pH, thermal agitation, and the use of organic solvents. Because of the heterogeneity of the physical forces involved in binding, no single elution technique finds universal applicability to the disruption of all types of antibody-antigen bonds. PMID- 7027543 TI - A comparison of methods for detecting leukocyte antibodies in autoimmune neutropenia. AB - A six-month-old girl and an 18-month-old boy with autoimmune neutropenia due to anti-NA1 are described. The antibodies were detected by granulocyte microagglutination, and their disappearance in the girl coincided with a return of a normal neutrophil count. The autoantibodies in both patients also reacted in the granulocyte cytotoxicity (GC) assay, and in one patient, in the staphylococcal protein A (SPA) assay. However, neither the GC nor the SPA assays showed the anti-NA1 specificity found by agglutination, and the presence of GC and SPA antibodies did not coincide with neutropenia. These three leukocyte antibody techniques may detect different antibodies and have different clinical significances. This report provides additional evidence of the existence of autoimmune neutropenia and indicates that the clinical role of neutrophil antibodies detected by different serologic techniques is not yet established. Antibodies detected by granulocyte agglutination were clinically significant in these two patients with autoimmune neutropenia, while the results of testing with GC and SPA were not. PMID- 7027544 TI - Enumeration of previously frozen platelets using the Coulter Counter, phase microscopy, and the technicon optical system. AB - The Coulter Counter, phase microscopy, and the Technicon optical system were used to enumerate platelets in samples of whole blood, platelet-rich plasma, platelet concentrates before and after addition of DMSO, and on platelet concentrates that had been frozen, thawed, and washed. We observed agreement among the three counting methods when platelet counts were determined in whole blood, platelet rich plasma, and platelet concentrate before and after DMSO addition. Enumeration after the cryopreservation process, however, showed highly significant differences among the counting systems. Platelet counts on platelet concentrates after freezing the thawing performed with the Coulter Counter were 25 per cent greater than with phase microscopy and 55 per cent greater than with Technicon. Counts with phase microscopy were 30 per cent greater than Technicon values. These data indicate that the method used to enumerate previously frozen platelets affects the apparent platelet count. PMID- 7027545 TI - Biochemical characterization of Syrian hamster cell surface alloantigens. III. Hamster alloantisera immunoprecipitate class II-like, but not class I-like, molecules. AB - Twelve hamster alloantisera, recently produced by mutual immunizations of domestic inbred strains and recently wild, partially inbred lines, identify two cell surface molecules, 29 and 39 kilodaltons, expressed by hamster lymphohematopoietic cells. Their expression on lymph node and spleen cells suggests that hamster T cells display cell surface class II homologues. None of the alloantisera identify putative hamster homologues of class I MHC molecules. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that hamsters possess a chromosomal region, tentatively designated Hm-1, that comprises genetic loci encoding alloantigens detectable by mixed lymphocyte reactivity and by serology, a region that resembles the I region of murine H-2. PMID- 7027546 TI - Prolongation of skin allograft survival in H-2 K and I region-incompatible mice by pretransplant blood transfusion. AB - The effect of donor specific and nonspecific pretransplant blood transfusion on skin allograft survival was studied in a mouse model, using skin donor-recipient combinations that differed at the K and I regions of the H-2 complex. In the first series of experiments, B6AF1 mice were treated with antilymphocyte serum (ALS) and grafted with DBA/2 skin. This donor-recipient combination differs in the K and I regions of the H-2 complex. Recipients were transfused 10 days before grafting with donor-specific DBA/2 blood or blood from various donors which were either completely incompatible at the H-2 complex with DBA/2 or shared various H 2 specificities with DBA/2. Only donor-specific DBA/2 blood or blood from donors sharing the K and I regions of the H-2 with DBA/2 prolonged DBA/2 skin graft survival. Donor-specific blood was effective over a wide interval between transfusion and grafting (days -50 to -10). In a second series of experiments using congenic strains of mice, the effect of pretransplant transfusions was studied in the B10.D2 to B10.A combination. These strains differ at the K and I region of the H-2, but share the same minor histocompatibility antigens. ALS treated B10.A recipients were transfused either with donor-specific B10.D2 blood or blood from B10.BR which shares the minor histocompatibility antigens with B10.D2, but differs in the major antigens or DBA/2 blood which shares the majority histocompatibility antigens with B10.D2, but differs in the minor antigens. Only donor-specific blood or blood from the DBA/2 donor sharing the major antigens with the skin donor prolonged graft survival. PMID- 7027547 TI - Migration patterns of lymphocytes from recipients of organ allografts. I. The unmodified host. PMID- 7027548 TI - Major H-2 and non-H-2 differences between parental strains prevent occurrence of fetectomy-induced yolk sac teratomas. AB - We performed fetectomies, according to the technique of Sobis and Vandeputte for the surgical induction of teratomas, in female mice mated with syngeneic, congeneic, or allogeneic males. Benign teratomas including multiple tissue formations derived from the three germinal layers were observed only in syngeneic pregnancies. In addition, the frequency of induced teratomas was lower in some strains (A/Sn, A . By, and A . SW) than in others (A . CA, B10 . A, C57BL/6, and C3H/He). This variable frequency may be explained by postulating the existence of fetal, strain-specific antigens. In hybrid pregnancies we observed no complete teratomas, but only cartilaginous formations considered as vestiges of early teratoma differentiation. The maternal immune reaction against either major (H-2) or minor (non-H-2) paternal histocompatibility antigens was sufficient to suppress the development of teratomas from visceral yolk sac of hybrid fetuses. This reaction, including both a serological and a cell-mediated activity, was measured in vitro. These results suggest that a maternal immune reaction is not efficiently altered by the normal first half of pregnancy and that differentiated teratoma tissues express the paternal antigens sufficiently to induce their immune rejection. PMID- 7027549 TI - Hydronephrosis in a transplanted kidney: the use of pressure-flow studies to exclude ureteric obstruction. PMID- 7027550 TI - Renal allograft rupture: possible causes and results of surgical conservative management. PMID- 7027551 TI - Beneficial influence of cyclosporin A and standard immunosuppression on kidney graft survival in transfused rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7027552 TI - Plasma exchange in acute renal allograft rejection: is a controlled trial really necessary? PMID- 7027553 TI - A controlled trial of plasmapheresis in the treatment of renal allograft rejection. PMID- 7027554 TI - Host-versus-graft responses to the H-Y antigen in mice. PMID- 7027555 TI - Recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in renal allografts. AB - Thirty-one renal allografts placed in 25 recipients with renal failure from biopsy-documented focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) were reviewed. These represent all of the cases with this renal histology transplanted over 13 years. Recurrence of the lesion was demonstrated histologically in five recipients. A nephrotic syndrome occurred in all five patients and failure of the graft in two. Of 20 recipients who did not show a nephrotic syndrome, allograft histology in 12 did not show FSGS in any. From these data and a review of the literature, the risks of transplantation in patients with FSGS are assessed. Recipients under the age of 15 and with a course into renal failure of less than 3 years show recurrence in about 50% of cases. Of this 50%, about one-half will lose their grafts from the recurrence within 5 years, but some may show good function for many years, despite proteinuria or a nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7027556 TI - In utero allogeneic bone transplantation in primates: roentgenographic and histological observations. AB - Intrauterine allogeneic bone transplantation was performed on 25 monkey fetuses at 120 to 135 days of gestation. Two surgical techniques for orthotopic transplantation of the humeral midshaft were utilized: (1) A segment (5 to 7 mm) of fetal humerus was transplanted from fetus (donor) to fetus (recipient). An intramedullary pin (Kirschner orthopedic wire) was used for fixation of the severed humerus. (2) Without severing the humerus, a midshaft area (5 to 7 mm X 5 to 6 mm) was surgically ablated. A bone paste composed of crushed bone particles mixed with an agar-enriched culture medium was sculpted to fill this lesion. We used fresh frozen or fresh allograft tissue with equal success. Postsurgical observations included serial roentgenographic and histological evaluation of humeral osteogenesis, as well as postnatal assessment of limb use. The contralateral arm served as a control. Our findings indicate that the immune surveillance system of fetal monkeys may be tolerant of these bone allografts; alternatively, healing by substitution may also occur. The roentgenographic and histological results demonstrate that both of the transplantation procedures used here achieved restoration of the long bone. The use of bone paste allowed us to sculpt the allograft to the desired conformation. These results from laboratory primate models encourage continued investigation of fetal allogeneic bone transplantation, because of its ultimate potential for intrauterine repair of skeletal anomalies in man. PMID- 7027557 TI - Seroepidemiology of malaria: age-specific pattern of Plasmodium falciparum antibody, parasite and spleen rates among children in an endemic area in peninsular Malaysia. AB - A seroepidemiological study was carried out on Orang Asli (Aborigines) children who lead a semi-nomadic life in the deep jungles of Ulu Kelantan, Malaysia. Out of a total of about 190 children below 14 years, 143 were studied. Blood was collected from finger pricks on standard "strip type" filter papers for indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests with Plasmodium falciparum antigen. A positive reaction at 1:10 dilution in infants and young children was considered positive and the reasons are given. The P. falciparum antibody prevalence rate was 84.6% compared to 81.8% spleen and 43.4% parasite rates. Both P. Falciparum and P. vivax were present in children. The age-specific patterns of antibody, spleen and parasite rates were those of a hyperendemic community. There was a positive correlation between antibody and spleen rates up to the age of 9 years. In older children, the antibody rates increased while the spleen and the parasite rates dropped. PMID- 7027558 TI - Primary health care in the Middle East. PMID- 7027559 TI - Environmental aspects of cholera epidemiology. II. Occurrence and survival of Vibrio cholerae in the environment. PMID- 7027560 TI - [Activity of arginase and proteolytic processes in the brain and liver of rats in cold acclimatization]. AB - The activity of arginase, neutral peptidohydrolase (protaminase) and total intensity of autolysis were determined in the brain and liver of rats on the 1st, 3d, 30th and 45th days animal stay at a temperature of 2-4 degrees C. in the process of rats acclimatization to cold there occurs a correlation in the brain - between the activity of arginase and neutral peptidohydrolase, in the liver - between the arginase activity and total proteolytical activity (autolysis). PMID- 7027561 TI - [Separation of proteolytic enzymes of polymorphonuclear leukocytes of pig peripheral blood]. AB - Application of gel filtration through Sephadex G-100 (pH 7,5) and ion-exchange chromatography on KM-Sephadex G-50 (pH 7.2) made it possible to detect high active proteolytic enzymes: elastase-like esterases and serine proteinases in the granular fraction of polymorphonuclear leucocytes of pig peripheral blood. Their pH optimum is for hydrolysis of p-butyltetroxy-L-alanine n-nitrophenyl ester in the weak alkaline medium, for the splitting of histones-in the neutral and weakly alkaline media. Ion-exchange chromatography revealed a sharp increase in the total activity of elastase-like esterase, which may evidence for a separation of the inhibitor at the given stage of the enzyme purification. This is also confirmed by a considerable decrease in the activity of the serine proteinase fraction when adding proteins possessing the activity of elastase-like esterase. PMID- 7027562 TI - [Activity and temperature dependence of acid peptidohydrolase in cerebral tissue of adrenalectomized rats under moderate hypothermia]. AB - The activity of acid peptidohydrolase and its temperature dependence were determined in the cerebral cortex and totally in the midbrain and diencephalon of rats in normal state after a false operation and with bilateral adrenalectomy as well as under moderate (30 degrees C) hypothermia of intact, false-operated and adrenalectomized animals. The enzyme activity is established to change more significantly in the cerebral cortex. Adrenalectomy lowers it in the cortex at an incubation temperature of 30 and 20 degrees C. Incubation at a temperature of 37, 25, 20 and 15 degrees C decreases this activity under animal cooling as well. A combined effect of hypothermia and adrenalectomy on the enzyme activity is not additive. PMID- 7027563 TI - Half a century of electron microscopy: the early years. PMID- 7027564 TI - [Timolol eye drops in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. A multicentre study]. PMID- 7027565 TI - [Renal changes in early diabetes. The disease and a disease model]. PMID- 7027566 TI - [Bacterial flora in the appendix and in wound abscesses after appendectomy. A study with a special anaerobic culture technic and transport]. PMID- 7027567 TI - [Miliary bovine tuberculosis]. PMID- 7027568 TI - [Depressive states, occurrence and treatment in family practice. Randomized study of the efficacy of maprotiline (Ludiomil) and flupenthixol (Fluanxol)]. PMID- 7027569 TI - [Local treatment of cancer of the breast]. PMID- 7027570 TI - [Side-effects of cimetidine]. PMID- 7027571 TI - [Assessment of the inflammatory/irritative effect of an aqueous theophyllamine solution on the rectal mucosa]. PMID- 7027572 TI - [Local irritation after intravenous injection of 2 diazepam preparations, Diazemuls and Stesolid]. PMID- 7027573 TI - [Multiload and copper-T200. A prospective study of 2 types of coils]. PMID- 7027574 TI - [Antibiotic prevention in surgical gastroenterology. I. Principles for prevention of endogenous wound infection]. PMID- 7027575 TI - [Antibiotic prevention in surgical gastroenterology. II. Biliary surgery]. PMID- 7027576 TI - [Antibiotic prevention in surgical gastroenterology. III. gastric surgery]. PMID- 7027577 TI - [Antibiotic prevention in surgical gastroenterology. IV. Appendectomy]. PMID- 7027578 TI - [Diagnostic cervical abrasion using the Vabra p c cervix instrument]. PMID- 7027579 TI - Measurement of ultrasonic velocity in several biological tissues. PMID- 7027580 TI - Suppressed renin release during hyperoxia in the conscious dog. AB - Recent studies have documented a marked inhibition of renal prostaglandin E2 excretion during hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) in the conscious dog. Numerous other studies have shown that pharmacological inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis is associated with diminished renin release. The current experiments were designed to test whether HBO is also accompanied by reduced renin secretory rate (RSR) in conscious dogs. Dogs were implanted with electromagnetic flow probes on the left renal artery as well as with chronic arterial and renal venous catheters. Renal blood flow, peripheral plasma renin activity, and renal venous renin activity were measured, which allowed calculation of RSR for the left kidney. The dogs were studied at normal atmospheric pressure while breathing room air, followed by exposure to 100% oxygen at 2 or 3 ATA. The dogs were then returned to room air. The RSR decreased from 153.6 +/- 51.6 (ng . h-1) . min-1 to 72 +/- 21 (ng . h-1) . min-1 during HBO. Upon return to normoxia, RSR rose to 345 +/- 140.4 (ng . h-1) . min-1. This renin response to HBO seems best related to the previously documented inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis. These experiments provide nonpharmacological evidence that there may be a functional relationship between the renin-angiotensin system and renal prostaglandin release in awake animals. PMID- 7027581 TI - [The influence of the fibrinogen adhesive system on revascularization of bone graft (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027582 TI - [Hypophyseal and testicular function in infertility associated with varicocele]. PMID- 7027583 TI - [Increased quality of the donor kidney due to en bloc binephrectomy (author's transl)]. AB - The en bloc removal of both cadaver kidneys, approached transperitoneally, offers the following advantages in comparison with the separate bilateral technique: 1. Easy exposure of the renal artery and vein, even in the case of multiple renal vessels. -- 2. A venous and arterial patch of sufficient size is always available, facilitating the vascular anastomosis and reducing risk of vascular stenosis. -- 3. Damage due to ischemia is avoided or minimized by means of intraoperative perfusion. -- 4. Damage to the intima of the renal artery is avoided inasmuch the aorta instead of the renal artery is perfused. -- 5. Whenever a longterm perfusion by machine is considered, a rapidly constructed aortic conduit helps to avoid a potential damage to the intima of the renal artery by direct cannulation. -- 6. Separate mediocolonic removal of either kidney yields comparable results except the risk of damage to the intima. -- 7. A modification of the method is indicated, when both pancreas and kidneys are to be removed. PMID- 7027584 TI - [Continuous removable sub- and intracutaneous sutures]. AB - A nearly unknown wound closer technique has been performed in numerous urologic patients. During the course of wound healing we saw very few complications. Therefore we can recommend this suture for every wound closer. The technique of performing the sub- et intracutaneous suture is described in detail. PMID- 7027585 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis in sexually transmitted diseases. A new public health problem. PMID- 7027586 TI - Pretransplant bilateral nephrectomy and adjuvant operations. AB - Pretransplant bilateral nephrectomy by the posterior approach has been associated with minimal morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately the posterior approach is not applicable to all patients, e.g., patients with polycystic renal disease or patients who need simultaneously another intraperitoneal adjuvant operation such as splenectomy or vagotomy and pyloroplasty. This article presents 34 patients who had a transperitoneal bilateral nephrectomy and 29 other concurrent adjuvant operations. Morbidity and mortality are comparable to that reported for simple bilateral nephrectomy performed posteriorly. The reduction in morbidity and mortality was believed to be due to a careful application of the basic principles of surgical care and an appreciation of the special problems posed by patients on chronic hemodialysis. Perioperative care will be discussed in detail. PMID- 7027587 TI - Unilateral autonephrectomization in horseshoe kidney. PMID- 7027588 TI - [Vagotomy in the treatment of stomach ulcer (a review of the foreign literature)]. PMID- 7027589 TI - [Use of antibiotics in the combined treatment of acute cholecystitis (a review of the foreign literature)]. PMID- 7027590 TI - [Prof. Vilhelm A. Saak (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 7027591 TI - [Modern views on the treatment of open and gunshot fractures]. PMID- 7027592 TI - Further studies on immunological castration in male cattle. PMID- 7027593 TI - Incidence of otitis externa in dogs and cats in Japan. AB - The incidence of otitis externa in dogs and cats admitted to the animal hospital of the University of Osaka Prefecture was investigated and the bacteria isolated were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Of the various breeds examined, the incidence of otitis externa was highest in miniature poodles and cocker spaniels and Himalayan and Persian cats. The organisms most commonly associated with otitis externa were coagulase-negative staphylococci, followed by coagulase positive staphylococci, streptococci and Escherichia coli. Most staphylococci were susceptible to the antibiotics tested, but 15 per cent of staphylococci were resistant to more than three antibiotics. Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes species were resistant to almost all antibiotics except gentamicin and colistin. PMID- 7027594 TI - Diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the bovine respiratory tract by immunofluorescence. AB - Direct staining of nasopharyngeal smears with hyperimmune bovine serum raised against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and conjugated with fluorescein isothyocyanate was compared with virus isolation from 14 experimentally infected animals. Twenty-four out of 107 specimens examined were positive by the fluorescent antibody (FA) method and 21 out of 107 by virus isolation. Most of the FA positives (81 per cent) were detected after the ninth day of infection whereas 80 per cent of virus isolations were made before this time. Only one false positive (one out of 57 specimens) was detected by the FA method in nine uninfected control animals. Non-specific fluorescence presented some problems when examining nasopharyngeal material. The same conjugate was found to be more useful in detecting RSV antigen in lung tissue of eight experimentally infected animals and 11 out of 22 naturally occurring cases of calf pneumonia from five outbreaks of disease. In three of the outbreaks the diagnosis was confirmed by virus isolation and serology. The dominating histopathological response in both the experimental and the natural disease was an acute bronchiolitis and alveolitis. The finding of RSV antigen in association with these lesions provides further evidence for the role of RSV as a respiratory pathogen of cattle. PMID- 7027595 TI - Weather and animal well-being. PMID- 7027596 TI - A literature review of snakes and snakebite therapy. PMID- 7027597 TI - Toxicology of carbon disulfide; a review. PMID- 7027598 TI - Lead toxicosis in domestic animals: a review of the role of lead mining and primary lead smelters in the United States. PMID- 7027599 TI - [Potentials of electroroentgenography in diagnosing neoplasms of the anterior mediastinum]. PMID- 7027600 TI - Control of circularization of bacteriophage P1 DNA in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7027601 TI - Inhibition of RNA synthesis following proteolytic cleavage of Newcastle disease virus P protein. PMID- 7027602 TI - [Magnesium in medicine]. PMID- 7027603 TI - [Non-invasive examination of cardiac hemodynamics in an anginal coronary syndrome after long term treatment with lidoflazine]. PMID- 7027604 TI - [Pulmonary precapillary hypertension in mitral defects]. PMID- 7027605 TI - [New prospects in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and evaluation of present therapeutic procedures]. PMID- 7027606 TI - [Chronic myeloid leukemia (present state of knowledge)]. PMID- 7027607 TI - [Veteran in organizational work (Ivan Andreevich Shuba)]. PMID- 7027608 TI - [Outstanding organizer (Iurii Ivanovich Stepanov)]. PMID- 7027609 TI - [Trilene analgesia and autoanalgesia]. PMID- 7027610 TI - [On the 40th anniversary of the rear command agencies of the USSR Armed Forces]. PMID- 7027611 TI - [Medical supplies of the Russian army in 18th century wars]. PMID- 7027612 TI - [History of the development of specialized otorhinolaryngological care]. PMID- 7027613 TI - [Exogenous constitutional obesity and methods of physical therapy]. PMID- 7027614 TI - [Nonesterified fatty acid metabolism in humans during physical loading]. PMID- 7027615 TI - [Human phospholipases in health and disease]. PMID- 7027616 TI - [Immunosorption on active carbon]. AB - Sorption of specific immunoglobulins in the most obvious mechanism of the detoxicating effect of haemosorption in autoimmune diseases. Biochemical analyses of blood from patients with psoriasis showed that content of immunoglobulins was not distinctly altered before and after haemosorption. Determination of the protein spectrum to find the absorbed components was carried out by means of immunization of rabbits with the carbon suspension, obtained from the patients with psoriasis after haemosorption. Immunoglobulin G constituted the main amount of the absorbed protein. Sorption of albumin was studied in model experiments in order to determine the optimal pore structure of carbon haemosorbents. Capacity of active carbons to the protein sorption depended only on volume of transient pores. These data enabled to work out the recommendations for synthesis of active carbons with improved efficiency to sorption of protein components from blood plasma. PMID- 7027617 TI - [Insulin-heparin complex, its physiological properties]. AB - An insulin-heparin complex was obtained in vitro. The hypoglycemic effect of insulin, included into this complex as compared with free insulin, was increased more than 2-fold when it was tested in animals with stable alloxane diabetes. Contrary to insulin, administration of the insulin-heparin complex increased the anticoagulation properties of blood and exhibited the non-enzymatic fibrinolytic activity towards the unstabilized fibrin both in presence or in absence of inhibitors of fibrinolysis, caused by plasmin. PMID- 7027618 TI - [Use of immune sorption to isolate burn toxin]. PMID- 7027619 TI - [Antiestrogens in the treatment of breast cancer]. PMID- 7027620 TI - [Transcaucasian conferences of oncologists]. PMID- 7027621 TI - [Analysis of the mutagenic activity of nitrofurylacrylic acid]. AB - The mutagenic activity of the vine stabilizer, sodium salt of 3-(5-nitro-2 furyl)acryl acid (5-NFA), was studied. Use was made of a cytogenetic analysis of mouse bone marrow cells, the dominant lethality test on male mice, analysis of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocyte culture and the Salmonella typhimurium test with metabolic drug activation in the body of mice. 5-NFA was administered intragastrically or given in drinking water. In tests on somatic and sexual cells of mammals, 5-NFA did not manifest mutagenic activity. The preparation increased the frequency of mutations in Salmonella on administration to mice in doses amounting to 1/5-1/4 of or exceeding the LD50. PMID- 7027622 TI - [Rapidity of the reflection of publications on nutrition by secondary information sources (the example of vitaminology)]. PMID- 7027623 TI - Limited value of in vitro techniques for the detection of leukocyte alloantibodies during granulocyte transfusion therapy. AB - A 23-year-old male patient undergoing first induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia received granulocyte transfusions on 10 consecutive days. An average of 2.1 X 10(10) granulocytes was given per square metre body surface area per day. Transfusion reactions and absence of post-transfusion granulocyte increment after the fifth granulocyte transfusion suggested the presence of leukocyte antibodies. However, no antibodies were detectable at this time by the lymphocytotoxicity test, the indirect granulocyte immunofluorescence test, or the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test. In contrast to the clinical observation, the serological detection of leukocyte antibodies was only possible 1 day after the last granulocyte transfusion. PMID- 7027624 TI - Genetic polymorphism of plasminogen: a new basic variant (PLG B) and population study in Japanese. AB - Genetic polymorphism of human plasminogen in the Japanese population was studied using agarose gel isoelectric focusing followed by immunofixation. A new basic variant, PLG B, was found as a heterozygous state PLG 1-B, which was genetically determined. The allele frequencies calculated from 258 individuals were PLG1=0.958, PLG2=0.020 and PLGB=0.022. PMID- 7027625 TI - Test of platelet function. PMID- 7027626 TI - Platelet survival as a measure of the effectiveness of stored platelets. PMID- 7027627 TI - In vitro measurements of platelet concentrates stored at 4 and 22 degree C: correlation with posttransfusion platelet viability and function. PMID- 7027628 TI - [Role of microelement metals in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic ischemic heart disease (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7027629 TI - [Structure and functional role of the carbohydrate component of the influenza virus]. PMID- 7027630 TI - [Radial hemolysis reaction in the diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis]. AB - A test of radial hemolysis in gel (RHG) has been developed and first used for serodiagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). In examinations of 464 blood serum specimens from 258 patients with TBE and subjects suspected of this disease in RHG and HI tests the diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis was confirmed in 77 subjects, the results of both tests being in complete agreement. A comparative analysis of antibody levels by RHG and HI tests revealed a complete correlation. An advantage of RHG over HI test is its insensitivity to serum inhibitors and the possibility of quantitation of antibodies in whole sera which omits a complicated procedure of serum treatment to remove inhibitors and serum titrations in serial dilutions mandatory for HI tests. The specificity and sensitivity of RHG, simplicity in running and the possibility of analysing many sera within a short time recommend the RHG test for public health practice for TBE serodiagnosis. PMID- 7027631 TI - Calcified omental cyst: a case report and review of literature. PMID- 7027632 TI - [Hyperthermia in the treatment of malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 7027633 TI - [6-year follow-up of treatment of recurrent giant cell tumor by amputation and transplantation of the distal femur]. PMID- 7027634 TI - [Illness and death of King Wladyslaw Jagiello]. PMID- 7027635 TI - [History of the treatment of perianal fistula]. PMID- 7027636 TI - Biotransformation of the fungicides hexachlorobenzene and pentachloronitrobenzene. AB - This overview of the metabolism of the fungicides hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) indicates similarities in their pathways of biotransformation. Several metabolites of HCB and PCNB, such as chlorinated benzenes, the mercapturic acid, thiophenols, thioanisoles and phenols are identical. Both Fungicides initially react with glutathione, with elimination or of the chlorine of the nitro group respectively. The conjugate, S (pentachlorophenyl)glutathione, is further metabolized by cleavage of the glutamate and glycine results and acetylation of the amino group of the cysteinyl moiety, to give the mercapturic acid N-acetyl-S-(pentachlorophenyl)cysteine, a major metabolite of HCB and PCNB in rats and rabbits respectively, which is further metabolized to simpler sulphur-containing products. PMID- 7027637 TI - Looking back at tomorrow. Commencement address delivered at the Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, May 24, 1981. PMID- 7027638 TI - Plague mortality and demographic depression in later medieval England. AB - Both direct and indirect evidence implies that England experienced a lengthy period of stagnant or declining population during the later fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The Black Death of 1348-1349 had brought about profound changes in England's agrarian economy, and this subsequent demographic depression is most commonly interpreted by historians as the result of plague mortality, recurring in severe outbreaks after the disease's introduction into the country. This paper reviews the evidence and assumptions behind this interpretation, in light of recent research by historical demographers and epidemiologists into bubonic plague epidemics and general mortality crises during the post-medieval period. PMID- 7027639 TI - Genetic analysis of prophage effects on heteroimmune superinfection in Serratia marcescens. AB - Plaque formation of phage kappa on Serratia marcescens strain HY normally depends on the presence of either a psi or y prophage in the indicator bacteria. Bacterial ink mutants allowing kappa growth in the absence of either prophage were isolated from the doubly cured strain HY (psi, y)--. By means of a kappa mutant, named gdy, an active participation of kappa in antagonizing inhibition of its own growth on HY (psi, y)-- was demonstrated. The gdy mutation is closely linked to gene cIII coding for the kappa repressor. The prophages psi and y enable kappa to grow undisturbed probably by modifying the kappa DNA during replication in such a way that it is not susceptible to the ink+ effect. Whereas kappa grown on HY (psi, y)--ink-- gave only rare productive infections of HY (kappa, y)--, psi and y grown on the same strain were fully infective. The interference exerted by a kappa prophage on vegetative propagation of y is based upon a multi-component mechanism, the interference being removed, or diminished by mutations residing either inside or outside of the kappa prophage. The responsive phage gene iny+ is dominant over its mutant allele iny--; hence it codes for a diffusible product. Both on the vegetative and the prophage genome iny is located near gene lI responsible for lysogenic conversion of bacteria to non-adsorption of kappa. The restriction-modification system of HY is not involved in the growth inhibition of kappa by HY (psi, y)--. Contrary to the other phages used in this work y is refractory to restriction. PMID- 7027640 TI - Competition growth between Escherichia coli mutL and mut+ in continuously growing cultures. PMID- 7027641 TI - Effect of growth factor deficiency on killer toxin sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7027642 TI - Further studies on a temperature-sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli with defective repair capacity. AB - A temperature-sensitive mutant of E. coli, WG24, was studied with respect to its sensitivity to photodynamic action, its capacity to perform host controlled reactivation, and its sensitivity to transduction at elevated temperatures. Mutant cells are much more sensitive than wild type cells to photodynamic action by thiopyronine and visible light at elevated temperatures. As well defined rec mutants, WG24 cells are less able to reactivate UV irradiated lambda c phages at elevated temperatures, while their ability to repair T1 phages is less impaired. Mutant cells cannot be transduced to T6 resistance at a detectable rate at elevated temperature. It is concluded, therefore, that some rec gene carries a ts mutation in this mutant. PMID- 7027643 TI - [Pathophysiology of brain circulation]. PMID- 7027644 TI - [Cervical spine syndrome and cochleo-vestibular disorders--diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 7027645 TI - Comparative studies on detergents - chlorhexidinum gluconicum, ditalan wo hc, sodium-laurylsulphate, laurosept, nekal bx - used for homogenization of diagnostic specimens in the microbiological diagnostic of tuberculosis. AB - Between 1974 and 1978 there were carried out comparative studies concerning the value of several detergents used to homogenization of diagnostic specimens in six countries (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Poland, The Soviet Union and Yugoslavia). In the first study it was confirmed that the homogenization of diagnostic materials by detergents gives good results and is more economical than conventional Petroff's method. In the majority of centers the highest detection of tubercle bacilli was found after homogenization by Sodium-Laurylsulphated-technique. Remarkable differences in the time of growth of tubercle bacilli after homogenization of the same samples by Laurylsulphate, Laurosept and Petroff's lye method were not observed. While, after homogenization by Nekal BX the time of growth was a little bit retarded. In the lowest percentage of contamination was observed after homogenization by Nekal BX. In the second study the value of Polish detergents (Chlorhexidinum gluconicum and Laurosept) was compared with Ditalan OW hc made in GDR and with other routinely in the participating laboratories used techniques. The best results were obtained after homogenization of specimens by Chlorhexidinum gluconicum. But the comparison to Laurosept and Ditalan WO hc showed no significant differences. Homogenization of sputa was better and number of contaminations lower after using laurosept or Ditalan WO hc than by means of Chlorhexidinum gluconicum. PMID- 7027646 TI - [Hepatobiliary system and gastrointestinal hormones]. PMID- 7027647 TI - [Plague in Central Germany in the 17th century]. AB - It is reported on the experiences from several events of epidemic plague in the 17th century, above all in Middle Germany. Documentary material and the historic literature belonging to this served as basis. The mortality rates of plague are discussed, which proved as relatively different. The seasonal courses of the individual epidemics are discussed, which took place above all in the months July, August and September and finished in winter, what is connected with the biology of the flea. It is emphasized that the mortality of children is particularly in the plague, whereas the women and above all the men somewhat less frequently die of the epidemic, unless statistically significant differences are the result in these cases. The inter-familiar infection chains proved as relatively long so that in these cases multiple infections and secondary diseases are supposed to be the cause. It seems to be very likely that for the events of plague in Europe not the infection formula rat - plague-flea - man is valid, but the infection took place interhumanly according to the formula man - Pulex irritans - man. PMID- 7027648 TI - [Clinically relevant aspects of ethanol metabolism]. AB - A general survey of the ethanol metabolism and the sequels resulting from this of different kind and intensiveness is given. The speed of the absorption of ethanol is determined according to the laws of diffusion above all by dose and concentration of the ethanol taken. The duration corresponding to the facts varies in broad limits between 10 and 180 min. Nearly simultaneously with the absorption the distribution of the ethanol into the tissues takes place. According to its overwhelming water solubility the ethanol content of the individual tissues is of different size when a distribution balance developed. Three enzyme systems independent of each other, the ADH, the MEOS and the katalase participate in the elimination of the ethanol, the maximum speed of degradation of which lies at the in every case different values of blood alcohol. These three enzyme systems further differ by various localisation, inhibitors, coferments, beginning of activity, optimum of activity and adaptive induction to ethanol. Demarcating for the first step of degradation and thus finally of the ethanol degradation in general might probably be the reoxydation rate, particularly of the NADH, and its repeated inclusion into the ethanol metabolism. Chronic intake of alcohol has multiple effects, among others due to the perhaps temporarily limited adaptive induction of MEOS it has altogether higher rates of degradation. These again have numerous negative sequels with sensitive disturbance of numerous physiologic processes of the intermediary metabolism, in which cases through functional processes finally result organic changes of different kind. PMID- 7027649 TI - [Diabetes and alcohol]. AB - In a survey the effect of alcohol on carbohydrate tolerance and insulin is discussed. In an individually different degree alcohol, by hepatic, pancreatic and peripheral effects, contributes to manifestation of diabetes and negatively affects the secretion of insulin after manifestation of diabetes. In persons with intact metabolism the influence of alcohol partly results in an increase of stimulated insulin secretion. But from data found in literature must be assumed that a reduction of insulin secretion predominates in the long run. Moreover, diabetics run the risk of contracting hypoglycemia especially in cases where alcohol addicts are treated with hypoglycemizing drugs. Alcohol inhibits gluconeogenesis and glyconeogenesis and, at hepatic level, yet influences other enzyme systems. In addition we find in diabetes chronic liver lesions in a great number, quite independent of alcohol effects. However, dependent on a specific individual situation, alcohol may lead to severe metabolic disorders. In view of a general increase of alcohol addiction these aspects should result in a more critical dealing with alcohol problem in the general information of patients. PMID- 7027650 TI - [Alcohol and lipid metabolism]. AB - Alcohol has a direct and/or indirect influence on the fat metabolism, evoking a HLP and this again may lead to secondary defects. Liver defects, pancreatitis, haemolytic conditions may be the sequel of the alcohol as well as of the HLP. When a HLP, particularly of type IV. is present, these statements demand a careful alcohol anamnesis. A control after absolute alcohol abstinence is necessary. If within a few days the HLP shows tendencies to involution, the alcohol can be proved as pathogenetic factor. The exclusion of the noxa is of decisive therapeutic importance and often spares a little effective and loaded with side-effects pharmacotherapy. PMID- 7027651 TI - [Alcohol and the digestive tract]. AB - Alcohol leads to acute and chronic defects at the alimentary tract. Immediate and indirect effects are often not to be deliminated easily in the individual case. In the oesophagus above all disturbances of motility, reduction of the tonus, gastroesophageal reflux, oesophagotitides, Barrett's syndrome and carcinoma of the oesophagus develop. The Mallory-Weiss- and the Boerhaavesyndrome are to be regarded more as indirect associated sequelae. As to the stomach haemorrhagic gastrotitides and haemorrhages from erosions of the mucous membrane, as to the intestine changes of the motility, diarrhoea and malabsorptions. PMID- 7027652 TI - [Alcohol and the pancreas]. AB - In the last decenniums the importance of alcohol for the pathology of the pancreas has increased in Middle Europe. The inhibition of the pancreas secretion which was to be observed at an occasional alcohol intake is when a regular ethanol supply is present changed by a hyperfunction with secretion of a pancreatic juice rich in protein with high enzyme and calcium content. This predisposes to the protein precipitation in the small and medium ducts with resulting intrapancreatic obstruction, which on its part gives the impact to the changes of chronic pancreatitis. In 80-90% of the cases the ethanol-induced lesion of the pancreas is manifest under the picture of an acute pancreatitis. Nevertheless, in most cases the first shift of a chronic relapsing pancreatitis is concerned, the peculiarity of which is the frequent occurrence of calcifications. Clinical picture, complications and sequelae are described. PMID- 7027653 TI - [Alcohol and hematopoiesis]. AB - In a survey of quantitative and qualitative changes of blood and blood-forming cell systems by big consumption of alcohol is informed about the frequency of such lesions and the importance of additional substances of alcohol, particularly of the fusel oils with their cancerogenic, mutagenic, hepato- and haemototoxic effects. The alcohol-conditioned lesions of the erythrocytopoiesis with disturbances of maturation by deficiency of folic acid under formation of a megaloblastosis, the alcoholinduced disturbances of the iron metabolism with increase of the sideroblasts as well as the formation of vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the proerythroblasts are discussed. In this connection the symptomatic anaemias, caused by alcoholic liver lesion and its sequelae as well as by ulcerous haemorrhage, particularly also of Zieve's syndrome, are discussed. Functional disturbances of the granulocytes and granulocytopenias are to be brought into connection with the particular susceptibility to infections of patients suffering from alcoholism. Functional disturbances of the thrombocytes and thrombocytopenias, to be sure, rarely lead to a haemorrhagic diathesis, deserve, however, more consideration as possible causing factors in apoplexias under big consumption of alcohol. On principle the direct alcohol-toxic (at least ethanol-toxic) defects of haemotopoiesis are reversible for a short time. PMID- 7027654 TI - [Alcoholic embryopathy]. AB - The experiences hitherto made and the clinical reports speak for a causal connection between chronic alcohol abuse of pregnant women and an intrauterine fetal lesion, the prognosis of which is not favourable. The feature of the alcohol embryopathy mainly distinguishes itself by prenatal and postnatal disturbances of growth, cerebral lesions, signs of the craniofacial dysmorphism, dysmorphous signs at the extremities and at the skeleton, cardiovascular dysplasias, anomalies at the genitals as well as abnormal furrows of the fingers and atypical dermatoglyphes. Occurrence and degree of severity of the malformation syndrome depend on the quantity of alcohol taken, the duration of the influence of alcohol, the phase of the disease of the mother, the moment of the alcohol exposition during pregnancy and a genetically conditioned different activity of the alcohol hydrogenase. The prophylaxis of the alcohol embryopathy consists in the influence on drinking manners usage as well as in the recommendation of an interruption of pregnancy in severe cases of chronic alcoholism. PMID- 7027655 TI - [Double-blind-study on treatment with clobetasol-17-propionate and other topical corticoids (author's transl)]. AB - 90 patients suffering from chronic skin diseases-mainly psoriasis vulgaris-were treated in a double-blind-study for two weeks with topical Clobetasol-17 propionate compared with other topical corticoids. In 81% was seen a better therapeutical effect on the Clobetasol-17-propionate treated skin area. PMID- 7027656 TI - [Variability of exanthema in systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. AB - We report about a 28 year old patient who got small red papules on the flat of his hands and the soles of his feet since February 79. The lesions disappeared, but came back later, this time on his back, breast, arms and legs too. The lesions came from papules, that spread out peripherally, healed up centrally and formed annular lesions, that tended to coalesce producing polycyclic, gyrate configurations. Finally the patient developed versiculobullous eruptions. PMID- 7027657 TI - [Production of human embryonal diploid fibroblast cell cultures using an explant technic]. PMID- 7027658 TI - [Treatment of eczema in general practice. Combination therapy with econazole nitrate and triamcinolone acetonide]. PMID- 7027659 TI - [Cellular and molecular bases of local immunity]. PMID- 7027660 TI - [Destabilization of the plasma membrane as a mechanism of protecting neoplastic cells from the action of immunity]. PMID- 7027661 TI - [Autonomic functional state during sleep]. PMID- 7027662 TI - [Current status of the rabies problem]. PMID- 7027663 TI - [Patterns of viral gene expression in transformed cells]. PMID- 7027664 TI - [Regulation of insulin receptor expression and its place in the mechanism of insulin action]. PMID- 7027665 TI - [Lysosomes under stress conditions]. PMID- 7027667 TI - For axillary hyperhidrosis, W-plastic fusiform excision. PMID- 7027666 TI - [Analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations and the mechanisms of their influence on hematopoietic cell differentiation]. PMID- 7027668 TI - [Health care research. Research started on physicians' terms]. PMID- 7027669 TI - [Pia Hojeberg wrote a book about her own professional history: I wish midwives were more courageous. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 7027670 TI - [Lenin's theory of reflection and methodological problems of physiology and reflexotherapy]. PMID- 7027671 TI - [Growth of Soviet rheumatology during the years of Soviet power]. PMID- 7027672 TI - [Methods of radioindication in evaluating kidney function]. PMID- 7027673 TI - [Contribution of Tomsk scientists to the development of cardiology in the USSR]. PMID- 7027674 TI - [State of dermatological care in the cities of prerevolutionary Russia]. PMID- 7027675 TI - [Abu Ali Ibn-Sina (Avicenna) on leprosy]. PMID- 7027676 TI - [Rapid IFR-40 (immunofluorescence reaction) in the diagnosis of urogenital trichomoniasis]. PMID- 7027677 TI - [Use of the products of bee-keeping in dermatology]. PMID- 7027678 TI - [Disorder of thymic regulatory function in immune processes and the approaches to its correction]. PMID- 7027679 TI - [Various aspects of occupational medicine]. AB - Miscellaneous remarks about present and future state of occupational medicine and industrial hygiene in Switzerland. Historical recall, present structures, need of a multidisciplinary approach. Problems set by long-term effects, misleading security given by statistics, difficulty of interpreting subnormal biological values. Requirements, needs and limits of the legislation. Considerations about the medical services in factories and the debatable state of the occupational physician. Necessity of a training. Primordial role of the institutes, answerable for formation, teaching, research, experts and advisers for all who practice occupational health and industrial hygiene. PMID- 7027680 TI - [Health Protection in the Workplace: Special Commission of the Swiss Society for Occupational Medicine, Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Safety]. AB - Fridolin Schuler (1832-1903), physician in Glarus, laid the foundations of the Swiss legislation for the protection of the working population. The law for illness and accident insurance followed in 1911, it was complemented with regulations concerning the protection from occupational diseases. Of great practical importance were coordinated efforts of physicians, technologists, hygienists and safety engineers, who founded in 1956 the "Studiengruppe fur Gesundheitsschutz in Industrie und Gewerbe". In 1973 they joined with the "Groupement romand" in the "Swiss Society for occupational medicine, occupational hygiene and occupational safety" (AAA). In 1964 the Association of Swiss occupational physicians has been founded. In order to strengthen the promotion of occupational health in Switzerland a special commission on occupational medicine was constituted in 1980 within the AAA. Several subcommissions are presently working on a steadily increasing number of problems in the field of occupational health. PMID- 7027681 TI - [Lonazolac-Ca-a non-steroidal antirheumatic agent. Long-term clinical study in chronic polyarthritis]. AB - During a controlled open long-term study, Lonazolac-Ca, a new nonsteroidal antiphlogistic substance, has been tested in 35 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (stage I-III, according to Steinbrocker). The patients took 600 mg Lonazolac-Ca daily in three equal doses. The observation period was one year. Clinical and laboratory controls were carried out in monthly intervals. In more than 50% of the patients the tested parameters pain, swelling and active mobility improved significantly. Because of acute deterioration of the basic disease which necessitated the application of steroids, therapy with Lonazolac-Ca was discontinued in some cases. Lonazolac-Ca is well tolerated. But also as with other non-steroidal antiphlogistics, administration of the substance may be restricted in individual cases due to gastric symptoms. No adverse effect on blood count, liver and kidney function was seen. PMID- 7027682 TI - [Comparative studies of direct and indirect stabilization of occlusal gaps using removable partial dentures]. PMID- 7027683 TI - [Effect of various benzimidazole carbamates on somatic larvae of Ancylostoma caninum Ercolani 1859 (Ancylostomidae) and Toxocara canis Werner 1892 (Anisakidae). 3. Immunofluorescent serological studies of antibody levels in treated and untreated dogs]. PMID- 7027684 TI - Drug susceptibility of Escherichia coli from domestic fowl. PMID- 7027685 TI - Detection of antibody to E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin in bovine sera samples from various regions of France. PMID- 7027686 TI - [Molecular morphology of receptor membranes]. PMID- 7027687 TI - [Immunological models and methods in chemoreception research]. PMID- 7027688 TI - [95th anniversary of the birth of Mikhail Nikolaevich Solov'ev (1886-1980)]. PMID- 7027689 TI - [50th anniversary of the Department of Epidemiology of the Central Institute of Physician Advanced Training]. PMID- 7027690 TI - [Tercentenary of the decree on smallpox (a page from the history of epidemiology)]. PMID- 7027691 TI - [Staphylococcal genetics]. PMID- 7027692 TI - [Collection of Shigella strains of provisional serovars. II. Antigens and antigenic relations]. AB - In the serological study of 17 strains from the collection of Shigella provisory serovars (3873-50, 2000-53, 3341-55, 3615-53, 2710-54, 1621-54) differences in the content of K-antigens were revealed: some of them (3341-55, 3615-53) were in the K-form, others (2000-53, 1621-54) in the O-form, and the rest in the OK-form. No antigenic affinity between the representatives of the enterobacterial group under study was established. The partial composition of O-antigen in bacteria of serovar 2000-53 and antigenically affined E. coli strains, serogroup 06, was studied. E. coli 06 O-antigen was shown to be heterogeneous and had the structure of type a, b--a, c. On the basis of the antigenic structure thus established, as well as its cultural and biochemical properties described in earlier works, serovar 2000-53 should be excluded from the group of Shigella provisory serovars and classified with the genus Escherichia under the designation E. coli 06a. 6b : K? : H--. PMID- 7027693 TI - [Mapping of the genes determining the level of chloramphenicol resistance in salmonellae]. PMID- 7027694 TI - [Biological characteristics of enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic Escherichia]. AB - A total of 315 strains of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), isolated from adult diarrhea patients, were identified. Shigella like EPEC (33 strains) were represented by 13 serovars; of these, 10 were invasive. ETEC (222 strains amenable to typing) comprised 37 serovars (24 known and 13 previously unknown). Of 194 ETEC strains studied for the production of both forms of enterotoxin, 151 strains (78%) produced thermolabile and thermostable enterotoxins, while 43 strains (22%) produced only thermostable enterotoxin. The biological properties of the cultures were shown to be stable, and interrelation was shown to exist between serovar, enteropathogenicity and enterotoxigenicity, which suggested the possibility of using the classical bacteriological method for the diagnosis of diseases caused by EPEC and ETEC. PMID- 7027695 TI - [Problem of the legal protection of inventions in microbiology]. PMID- 7027696 TI - [Possible correlation between schizophrenia and epilepsy]. AB - Data pointing to possible combination of schizophrenia with epilepsy and the convulsive syndrome are analyzed. It has been found that schizophrenia starts very infrequently from a convulsive seizure, and still less frequently turns into epilepsy. Such a conversion was observed by the authors only in 4 out of 15,460 schizophrenia cases: this figure is much lower than the incidence of both schizophrenia and epilepsy among healthy population. PMID- 7027697 TI - [Academician V. M. Bekhterev's priority in describing choreic epilepsy]. PMID- 7027698 TI - [Classes of immunoglobulins responsible for serum antithymocyte activity in healthy subjects and mental pathology]. AB - The antilymphocytic activity of the serum was examined in schizophrenic patients and in mentally healthy donors using the method of fluorescent antibodies. It was found that the antithymocytic activity of both the schizophreniacs and the healthy subjects was due to immunoglobulins G and M. The number of thymocytes showing fluorescence under the action of IgG was found to be approximately the same in both groups of the persons examined. When use was made of fluorescein labelled IgM the number of fluorescent thymocytes was found to be three times greater in the patients than in the healthy subjects. It is suggested that the differences revealed may be associated with an increased avidity of the IgM antibodies, or with disturbances of the synthesis of immunoglobulins in the patients. PMID- 7027699 TI - [In memory of Aleksandr Mikhailovich Grinshtein (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7027700 TI - [Role of the serotoninergic structures of the brain in alcoholism]. PMID- 7027701 TI - [Histological reactions caused by various types of suturing threads]. AB - Wounds caused in the dorsal musculature of guinea pigs were sutured with various types of threads and the histological reactions caused by the latter were studied. Light and electron microscopic methods revealed that the best resorption can be achieved with Dexon threads. This synthetic thread is resorbed in 14 to 16 weeks causing only a minimal histological reaction and without cicatrization in its vicinity. Around threads which are not absorbed a connective tissue capsule is formed; this one is thin in the case of Ethilon and Chrom cat gut and somewhat more marked when Rixo or Supramid threads are used. The histological reaction is the most intense around the traditional linen thread which leads to cicatrization. In the resorption of Dexon a decisive role is attributed to the giant cells of the foreign body while in the case of non-absorbable synthetics and linen threads the fibre forming roles of the histiocytes, mastocytes and fibroblasts dominate. PMID- 7027702 TI - Role of the veins in the circulation. PMID- 7027703 TI - The treatment of flexor tendon lesions of the fingers. AB - In this study we checked the functional results of flexor tendon sutures in a group of 50 non-selected patients, observed during 4 to 5 years. The functional results of our 84 flexor tendon sutures speak well for primary suturing with favourable wound conditions. This applies to all zones, even to Zone Ii where a primary repair does not exclude the possibility of a successful secondary tendon graft using Hunter's method. In case of a cut of the profundus and superficialis tendons in Zones II and III, the question of whether both tendons or just the profundus should be repaired, will be answered by the levels of the cuts. In Zone II the superficialis tendon is better left untouched, as a resection produces less favourable results owing to the traumatization of the tissues. For the pollicis longus a critical localization of the tendon sheath, distal to the metacarpophalangeal joint, may be an indication for a tendon transfer or transplantation. The minimally traumatizing technique and adequate postoperative rehabilitation and follow-up do explain the good results, even in Zone II where they reached a 66% rate. PMID- 7027704 TI - [Acute urticaria, beware of hepatitis B]. PMID- 7027705 TI - [Plasma lipoproteins: role and metabolism]. PMID- 7027706 TI - Treatment of tropical diseases (malaria and amoebiasis). PMID- 7027707 TI - Mechanism of captopril-induced agranulocytosis. PMID- 7027708 TI - Oral contraception in diabetic women. Diabetes control, serum and high density lipoprotein lipids during low-dose progestogen, combined oestrogen/progestogen and non-hormonal contraception. PMID- 7027709 TI - The effect of ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate on insulin and glucagon secretion in normal subjects. AB - Ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate (OAK), a drug commonly used in various catabolic states, was studied for its acute effects on endocrine pancreas. A 30-min infusion of OAK (20 g/m2) induced significant increases in insulin levels (from 15 through 60 min) and in glucagon levels (from 15 through 90 min). However, OAK induced insulin and glucagon responses were lower than after a 0.5 g/kg arginine infusion. The fluctuations of blood glucose levels were much less marked during OAK infusion than during arginine and especially the late fall was less evident. PMID- 7027710 TI - A hormonally controlled serum factor stimulating the thymidine uptake into lectin activated lymphocytes. AB - The in vitro stimulation of [3H]thymidine uptake into lectin-activated lymphocytes in the presence of various sera was studied. The mean precision of the assay is 5%, and the study of the confidence intervals shows variations from 4% to 12%. Compared to a normal reference serum (fixed as 1 U/ml), the serum thymidine uptake stimulating activity (mean +/- SEM) was 1.04 +/- 0.07 U/ml in normal adult males, 2.63 +/- 0.48 U/ml in acromegalic patients, 1.51 +/- 0.13 U/ml in constitutional dwarfism and 0.37 +/- 0.04 U/ml in untreated hypopituitary dwarfism with a significant difference between the groups (P less than 0.001). In patients with hypopituitarism a single im hGH dose (6 mg/m2 increased the thymidine uptake stimulating activity of serum within 24 to 48 h following injection. The effects of directly adding hGH, insulin and T3 to the assay, have been studied: pharmacological concentrations are required to produce only a slight effect. Physiological concentration of a purified preparation of somatomedin A stimulated thymidine uptake and its effect is increased in the presence of serum. These data demonstrate that [3H]thymidine uptake into lectin activated lymphocytes is stimulated by a GH-dependent serum factor. The data suggest that this method should be proposed for an accurate and sensitive biological evaluation of serum thymidine uptake stimulating activity. PMID- 7027711 TI - A new protease in hog thyroid lysosomes. I. The presence of a leupeptin-sensitive protease in the soluble fraction of thyroid lysosomes. AB - The presence of protease activity at pH 7.5 and at acidic pH was demonstrated in the soluble fraction of lysosomes which were prepared from hog thyroid homogenates by subcellular fractionation. The ratios of specific activity measured at pH 7.5 to that at pH 3.5 were 0.07 to 0.08 for casein (at pH 7.5) or haemoglobin (at pH 3.5) as substrate and 0.13 for iodoamino acid-releasing activity from thyroglobulin as substrate. The protease activity measured at pH 7.5 was inhibited by inhibitors for neutral type protease, such as leupeptin, and by sulfhydryl inhibitors, such as iodoacetamide, indicating that the protease was a leupeptin-sensitive protease and contained a sulfhydryl group for its active site. Insensitiveness of the protease activity to di-isopropyl fluorophosphate excluded the involvement of a serine group at the active site. At pH 5.5 the proteolytic and iodoamino acid-releasing activities using casein and thyroglobulin, respectively, were also investigated. Several lines of evidence suggested that both activities measured at pH 5.5 were due to a mixture of acidic and leupeptin-sensitive protease activities. PMID- 7027712 TI - A new protease in hog thyroid lysosomes. II. A partial purification and characterization of a leupeptin-sensitive protease. AB - A leupeptin-sensitive new protease was partially purified from hog thyroid lysosomes. The purification procedure included solubilization by hypotonic treatment of lysosomes, and Sephacryl S-300 and Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography, and the purification ratio was 10-fold from lysosomes. The pH optimum of the protease activity was around 5.5 and its molecular weight was estimated to be 22 000 by gel filtration. 2-Mercaptoethanol activated the hydrolysis of protein substrates and its effect was most pronounced in the case of thyroglobulin as substrate. Among the inhibitors used, leupeptin, antipain, toluenesulfonyl-lysine chloromethyl ketone and, to a lesser degree, chymostatin and toluene-sulfonyl-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone effectively inhibited the hydrolysis of casein by the enzyme at pH 5.5, whereas pepstatin did not inhibit the activity significantly. The enzyme activity was also inhibited by sulfhydryl inhibitors such as iodoacetamide, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and N-ethylmaleimide. The release of iodoamino acids from thyroglobulin by the enzyme was inhibited in the same manner by the inhibitors used in the hydrolysis of casein. The physiological role of the new protease is discussed in comparison with cathepsin B and L found in liver lysosomes. PMID- 7027713 TI - The relation between catecholamines, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide during hypoglycaemia in man. AB - The effects of insulin hypoglycaemia (0.15 IU/kg) on plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations were investigated in 6 adrenalectomized subjects and 6 healthy controls. Both the rise in mean plasma insulin and the fall in mean blood glucose concentration were closely similar in the two groups. Mean plasma adrenaline concentration rose by about 3 nmol/l in the normal subjects, but remained unchanged in adrenalectomized subjects. Mean plasma noradrenaline concentration increased by about 2 nmol/l in both groups. Despite the large difference in adrenaline concentrations during hypoglycaemia, there was no significant difference between the responses of the endocrine pancreas of the normal and adrenalectomized subjects. Thus, mean plasma glucagon concentration rose by about 30 pmol/l and mean plasma PP concentration by about 150 pmol/l in each group. We conclude that the release of glucagon and PP during hypoglycaemia does not depend upon changes in plasma adrenaline concentration in man. PMID- 7027714 TI - Forearm insulin uptake in healthy subjects after oral glucose and intravenous glipizide. AB - In six healthy subjects fasted overnight two different experiments were carried out on separate days and in random order: A. Oral glucose followed 60 min later by iv glipizide. B. Iv glipizide followed 60 min later by oral glucose. Each experiment was divided into two 60 min periods, and the fractionated insulin uptake by forearm tissue was calculated for each 60 min period. When the fractional insulin uptake values for these four 60 min periods were compared it was found that the uptake of insulin was significantly higher for the 60 min period that was obtained in response to glucose without glipizide pre-treatment, than it was for any of the other 60 min periods. Moreover, in some of the participants the venous insulin concentration occasionally exceeded the corresponding arterial insulin concentration after iv glipizide administration. These findings imply that glipizide may decrease insulin binding to peripheral insulin receptors in healthy individuals. PMID- 7027715 TI - Insulin hypoglycaemia in normal and adrenalectomized subjects: comparison of metabolic parameters and endocrine counter regulation. AB - Insulin tolerance tests were carried out in normal subjects and in adrenalectomized (ADX) patients in order to better understand the importance of counter regulatory hormones for the recovery from hypoglycaemia. Compared to normal subjects recovery of plasma glucose and of free fatty acid levels in adrenalectomized patients is retarded. The levels of glucagon are significantly higher in ADX patients during rest than in normal subjects. As expected, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels did not increase in ADX patients and, accordingly, blood pressure did not change. Growth hormone levels were the same in both groups of subjects. Interestingly, there was no clear-cut difference with regard to subjective symptoms of hypoglycaemia. It would appear that epinephrine is important for the rapid initial recovery from hypoglycaemia, whereas other hormones play a more important role later on. PMID- 7027716 TI - Follow-up of women with large-for-dates infants. Early insulin and C-peptide response to intravenous glucose, blood lipids and HLA-types. AB - In a previous study we determined the glucose disappearance rate (kt) in 129 newborn large-for-dates infants (LFD) born to mothers without known diabetes. Twenty-six infants (i.e. 20.6%) had elevated kt values similar to those in offspring of diabetic mothers. A follow-up study of 123 of these mothers was performed 7 years after delivery and included determination of early insulin and C-peptide response to intravenous glucose, plasma concentrations of 3 hydroxybutyrate, cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins and HLA-typing. Two subjects had developed diabetes and altogether 14% had a kt below 1.0. Measures of the early insulin and C-peptide response to glucose were equally well correlated to maternal kt values (r = 0.40, P less than 0.001). Measures of the early insulin and C-peptide responses were significantly correlated (r = 0.64, P less than 0.001). The frequency distribution of HLA antigens were not different from normal and there was no association between HLA-B8 or B15 and impaired insulin response or glucose tolerance. Multiple regression and discriminate analysis of clinical and biochemical variables could not accurately identify women with high or low kt values. Multiple regression analysis using infant kt value as the dependent variable disclosed only a weak, but significant, inverse association to maternal insulin response to glucose at follow-up. PMID- 7027717 TI - [Carcinoid tumours and carcinoid syndrome. Clinical and biochemical aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027718 TI - [Aplastic anemia in adults: current pathogenetic, clinical and therapeutic problems]. PMID- 7027719 TI - [Clonal growth of granulocytic progenitor cells in diffusion chambers in vivo]. AB - Investigations on colony forming ability of committed granulocytic progenitors from bone marrow were carried out. In all, 85 cultures were performed. The bone marrow was obtained from 12 subjects without evident haematological abnormalities. Cultures were carried on for 9 days in 0.2% agar medium in diffusion chambers implanted into the peritoneal cavity of irradiated mice. It was found that committed granulocytic stem cells produced on the average 132 colonies (70--240), which were divided into four types according to their size and morphology. All types of colonic consisted of granulocytes, including polymorphonuclears. In cultures also were observed aggregations of cells containing monocytes. PMID- 7027720 TI - Prediction of the physiological dead space/tidal volume ratio during anaesthesia/IPPV from simple pre-operative tests. AB - It can be shown that the assumption of an arbitrary value for VDphys/VT during IPPV can lead to unacceptable degrees of hypo- or hyperventilation. We investigated 33 adult patients scheduled for major non-thoracic surgery, to see if any simple tests could be used to predict VDphys/VT during anaesthesia/IPPV. Fifteen were smokers and 18 non- or ex-smokers. The tests were spirometry, and the single breath tests for CO2 and for N2 (SBT-CO2: SBT-N2). Patients were ventilated during anaesthesia with a Servo Ventilator 900 B, and SBT-CO2 was recorded from a CO2 Analyzer 930. During anaesthesia/IPPV, smokers had significantly greater VDphys/VT (0.40 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.31 +/- 0.07 [P less than 0.01]), and they had more steeply sloping phase IIIs of SBT-CO2 (P less than 0.01) than non- and ex-smokers. For smokers, VDphys/VT was correlated to age (r = 0.75, P less than 0.01), to the slope of phase III of both SBT-CO2 and SBT-N2, and to the ratio of FEV% to its predicted value. For non- and ex-smokers, only one variable, efficiency, describing the shape of SBT-CO2, was correlated to VDphys/VT (r = 0.53, P less than 0.05). Pre-operative prediction of VDphys/VT based on age, smoking history, and SBT-CO2 can reduce the uncertainty in estimating VDphys/VT and therefore ventilatory requirements. It appears to offer the greatest benefits amongst smokers, who show a large variation in VDphys/VT. PMID- 7027721 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for relief of pain. PMID- 7027722 TI - [Belgian Society of Anesthesia and Resuscitation. Society membership. 1981]. PMID- 7027723 TI - Pain and myoclonus during induction with etomidate. A double-blind, controlled evaluation of the influence of droperidol and fentanyl. AB - To compare the incidence and severity of pain and myoclonus, 83 patients, premedicated with oral diazepam, received a double-blind intravenous injection of either droperidol 5 mg, fentanyl 0.1 mg or normal saline two minutes before induction with etomidate. The only statistically significant difference between the three groups was the decreased incidence of involuntary movements in the fentanyl and the droperidol group as compared with the normal saline group. PMID- 7027724 TI - Incentive spirometry. Prevention of pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery. AB - The postoperative period after laparotomy is characterized by a decrease in pulmonary volumes combined with a maldistribution of the ventilation and the perfusion. Together with manual techniques, intermittent pressure breathing and incentive spirometry have been suggested to maintain open alveoli and to prevent atelactasissis. The shortcomings related to the use of pressure-controlled devices include patient's resistance to the technique, overinflation of normal alveoli, excessive total ventilation, decrease in venous return and various gastrointestinal side effects. The incentive spirometry has been designed to promote sustained maximal inspirations and reproduce sighing mechanisms. The decrease in pleural pressure can result in high transpulmonary pressures. For many investigators, incentive spirometry represents a very easy and efficient method to prevent atelectasis. PMID- 7027725 TI - Swelling of mitochondria in immersion-fixed liver tissue. Effect of various fixatives and of delayed fixation. AB - In order to study the occurrence of swollen and disrupted mitochondria in tissue preserved for electron microscopy by ordinary fixation methods, liver tissue from miniature pig fetuses was immersion-fixed in fixatives with various types and concentrations of fixing agents and vehicles. Also commercial and purified products have been tested, different fixation times and temperatures as well as the consequences of a short rinsing in buffer solutions prior to fixation. Furthermore, the significance of delayed fixation (autolysis) was studied. It was found that swollen and disrupted mitochondria occur predominantly in liver cells exposed to low concentrations of glutaraldehyde. It is shown that this phenomenon is a result of a specific effect of glutaraldehyde on the mitochondrial membranes. It is not accompanied by parallel changes of other organelles or nuclei, and it not provoked by other fixing agents, vehicles or by delayed fixation (autolysis). PMID- 7027726 TI - [A rare case of the left brachiocephalic vein passing behind the ascending aorta (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027727 TI - [Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after renal transplantation. Report of two cases]. AB - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) occurred in two patients after kidney transplantation. Two years after such a transplantation associated with immunosuppressive chemotherapy, a 54-year-old male developed polyneuropathy, diffuse alterations of the central nervous system and he died with the suspicion of hypertensive encephalopathy due to progressive renal failure. A 45-year-old female had kidney transplantation first complicated by Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis. She was cured from this disease and had a satisfactory social rehabilitation for two years. Afterwards, she suffered from various neurological ailments, including epilepsy, that were attributed to combined renal failure and developing hydrocephalus. One year after the onset of these neurological symptoms, the grafted kidney was removed and chemotherapy was discontinued but she died a few weeks later. Both patients had typical PML. By electron microscopy, performed on formalin fixed brain tissue, intranuclear round particles (40-50 nm) could be recognized in the first case only. These two cases are confronted with the six published observations of PML following organ transplantation. The frequency of PML has been estimated at 1 for 5000 kidney transplantation, 1 for 2000 chronic lymphoid leukemia and 1 for 10,000 Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7027729 TI - [Ecology of childhood. Thoughts on the modern understanding of the role of the child and the family]. PMID- 7027728 TI - Value-orientations of delinquent boys and their effects on prevention and treatment of delinquency. PMID- 7027730 TI - The development of antisocial behaviour in children. PMID- 7027731 TI - [Family counseling in the prevention of psychiatric disorders in children]. PMID- 7027732 TI - [The importance of learning in the treatment of psychotic children]. PMID- 7027733 TI - ["Sociosis"--an ethopathological concept of a social disorder of childhood]. PMID- 7027734 TI - Experimental Escherichia coli 06 infection in mice. III. Effects of malnutrition, immunization and nutritional restoration. AB - Inbred mice of the CBA and A strains were from weaning malnourished on a low protein diet. During a three-week period their weight increased from about 8 to about 10 g, while mice on normal feeding increased to about 16 g. This malnutrition resulted in a 10-fold increase of the susceptibility to intraperitoneally injected E. coli 06:K2a,2c:H1 bacteria compared to conventionally fed controls. Immunization as well as transfer of fresh immune serum to malnourished or normally-fed mice resulted in an increase in resistance, 6 to 10 fold that of non-immunized controls, while transfer of normal serum did not have a great impact on the resistance. Antibody titers to El coli 06 antigen in mice on poor and normal feeding were similar, as were there non-specific cellular responsiveness measured as lymphoblast transformation by ConA, PHA and LPS. The effect of the malnutrition seemed to be an impairment of the clearance of live E. coli 06 bacteria 1 h after a sub-lethal infection compared with that of normally-fed controls. The noted increased susceptibility to injections in the malnourished mice was rapidly restored by normal feeding for one day. PMID- 7027735 TI - Experimental Escherichia coli 06 infection in mice. IV. On the relative importance of complement factors and antibodies for the host defence. AB - Treatment of CBA mice with cobra venom factor (CVF) decreased their C3 levels to less than 10 per cent of normal and resulted in a simultaneous increase of their susceptibility to intraperitoneal E. coli 06 infection. Animals immunized and treated with CVF had an infection resistance similar to untreated controls but considerably less than mice immunized only. The CVF treatment did not affect the antibody formation after immunization. Untreated or immunized AKR mice deficient in C5 did not show decreased resistance to the infection. Exposure of NMRI mice to preformed antigen-antibody complexes unrelated to the infection did not increase the susceptibility of the animals to infection, neither did it impair their C3 levels. Two out of five freshly frozen (-70 degrees C) normal rabbit sera gave significant, heat-labile protection of mice to the E. coli infection without containing any antibodies detectable with the ELISA. This protective capacity was not abolished with zymosan treatment affecting the levels of complement factors and could be "natural antibodies" stimulated from the environment. In testing whether similar protective factors as those found in normal rabbit serum could be raised in CBA mice, such animals were orally given killed E. coli 06 bacteria. This did not affect the resistance to the E. coli infection or to the rise of specific antibodies after immunization. PMID- 7027736 TI - Hapten and kidney antibodies in serum from children with urinary tract infection. AB - The presence of antibodies against the synthetic hapten dinitrophenol (DNP) was investigated in sera from healthy children and adults. Such antibodies were found in all sera. The serum levels were significantly lower in healthy children than in adults. Serum samples from a pilot group of pediatric patients with acute E. coli urinary tract infection (UTI) contained significantly higher DNP antibody levels compared to healthy children and similar to those of the adults. Furthermore, 10 of 17 patients had a significant change in antibody levels in connection with the infection as judged from consecutive serum samples. Relations were found between age and minimum as well as maximum serum DNP antibody values. In a second group of children with E coli urinary tract infection beside DNP antibodies, antibodies against the Tamm-Horsfall urinary protein and a pool of O antigens from E. coli common in urinary tract infections were also investigated. In these patients similar findings as for the pilot group were made for the levels of the DNP antibodies. An IgG but not IgM antibody response to the Tamm Horsfall protein was also found in sera from all the patients over 1 year with acute pyelonephritis. The highest antibody levels against Tamm-Horsfall protein were noted in patients with vesico-ureteric reflux. No relation could be recorded between the DNP antibodies and the Tamm-Horsfall protein antibodies. The antibodies to the pool of O antigens recorded did not correlate to the DNP antibodies. It was concluded that the DNP antibody formation could partly be due to polyclonally stimulatory activities of bacterial substances exposed during infections. PMID- 7027737 TI - Effect of BCG vaccination on Mycobacterium lepraemurium infection in a highly susceptible inbred mouse strain. AB - Upon infection with Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM) C3H mice develop a disease that has features in common with lepromatous leprosy in man. Intraperitoneal vaccination with a single dose of BCG four weeks before inoculation with MLM in the footpad significantly reduced the total bacillary load of the animals. In vaccinated animals there was a delay in the dissemination of bacilli to the popliteal lymph node, liver, and spleen. The growth rate of MLM in the footpad and the popliteal lymph node was not altered by BCG vaccination. Reduced dissemination of the bacilli seems to be a sensitive parameter of resistance in murine leprosy. The mechanism of the resistance observed is discussed mainly in relation to non-specific macrophage activation and T-cell mediated responses to cross-reactive antigens. PMID- 7027738 TI - Immunoadsorbent isolation of antigens from the culture medium of in vitro cultivated Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Immunoadsorbent technique was used for isolation of soluble antigens from the culture medium of in vitro grown P. falciparum. Two antigens were isolated and shown to be immunochemically identical to 2 antigens present in plasma from West Africans with P. falciparum parasitaemia. Evidence is provided that 1 of the antigens is an amphiphilic antigen of the S-class. PMID- 7027739 TI - GIP-like immunoreactivity in glucagon cells. Interactions between GIP and glucagon on insulin release. AB - In the present study the cellular and subcellular distribution of immunoreactive glucagon and GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide) were studied in the mouse. Furthermore, the effects of pure GIP and glucagon on basal and stimulated insulin secretion were investigated. Immunohistochemistry revealed that immunoreactive GIP occurred in the pancreatic glucagon cells and in endocrine cells, also displaying glucagon immunoreactivity, scattered along the small and large intestines. Electron immunocytochemistry revealed that the GIP-like material and glucagon coexisted in the secretory granules of the pancreatic glucagon cells. Pure porcine GIP and glucagon both stimulated basal insulin release. When equipotent doses of the peptides were given together, the two peptides antagonized each other's effect. Both peptides potentiated glucose- and carbachol induced insulin release. When equipotent doses of the two peptides were given together prior to the administration of each of these secretagogues their effects on insulin release were additive. PMID- 7027740 TI - Central blood volume in spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats. AB - Central blood volume and blood volume were determined in spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar Kyoto rats at two ages, 6 and 12 weeks, representing "borderline' hypertension and early "established' hypertension, respectively. A technique was used where plasma and erythrocyte indicators were injected into conscious rats. Blood volume in the cardiopulmonary compartment, present in the 'resting' awake steady-state, could then be estimated by sudden freezing of the entire rat. 12 week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats showed a decreased total blood volume, while the fraction of blood contained in the cardiopulmonary area was significantly increased compared with that of normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. In 6-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats, total blood volume was only marginally decreased but also here a tendency towards centralization of the blood was seen. Thus, alone with the development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat their decreasing blood volume tends to become increasingly centralized to the cardiopulmonary area. Both neurohormonal influences and structural wall changes in the low-pressure capacitance side may contribute to this. PMID- 7027741 TI - The preparation of methyl esters of trimethylammonium derivatives of polyenes macrolide antibiotics and their biological properties. PMID- 7027742 TI - The preparation and comparative in vitro biological properties of derivatives formed in the reaction of nystatin with N-glucuronamides. PMID- 7027743 TI - [Origins of the teaching of medicine in Portugal]. PMID- 7027744 TI - Genetic heterogeneity in familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency. PMID- 7027745 TI - Improvement of glucose tolerance by verapamil in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - To study the effect of verapamil on the glucose tolerance and insulin response to oral glucose, 6 healthy subjects and 15 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were performed on separate days: 1) A standardized oral glucose load, 2) an identical glucose load during i.v. infusion of verapamil, and 3) a third oral glucose load after one week of oral verapamil treatment. No significant differences were found when the insulin and glucose responses with and without verapamil were compared. The patients with NIDDM were divided into three groups. Two tests were performed on separate days in each patient: group 1, a standardized oral glucose load and an identical glucose load during i.v. verapamil infusion; group 2, a standardized oral glucose load and a similar glucose load after one week of oral verapamil treatment; group 3, the protocol of group 2 was followed but oral placebo was given instead of verapamil. In groups 1 and 2, verapamil improved the tolerance for oral glucose, whereas the insulin response remained unaffected. In group 3, no significant differences were found in the insulin and glucose responses to the two oral glucose loads. These findings thus imply that verapamil improves the tolerance for oral glucose regardless of the route of verapamil administration in patients with NIDDM. They also indicate that this is accomplished by an effect of verapamil on other glucose regulatory factors than insulin. PMID- 7027746 TI - Metoprolol treatment after acute myocardial infarction. Effects on ventricular arrhythmias and exercise tests during 6 months. AB - One hundred and six patients on double-blind treatment with placebo or metoprolol, 100 mg b.i.d., during the first 6 months after an acute myocardial infarction were investigated. The patients were stratified and randomized to treatment according to type of ventricular arrhythmias on a six-hour ECG registration, size of infarct estimated by enzyme maximum and age. During the follow-up period, a further three six-hour ECG recordings and three exercise tests were performed. In the metoprolol group the incidence of malignant ventricular ectopic beats decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) after three days' treatment. This decrease lasted for one month but was not observed at the six-month registration. No difference in working capacity was seen between the two groups, nor were there any differences in ischemic ST depressions on ECG during exercise. The proportion of patients terminating exercise because of angina pectoris was similar, but significantly more patients in the metoprolol group (p less than 0.05) discontinued exercise at six months because of fatigue. Large heart volumes were observed somewhat more often in the metoprolol group but there was no extended need of treatment for cardiac failure. PMID- 7027747 TI - Glucose-insulin-potassium-albumin infusion in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction--a controlled study. AB - Fifty consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to a coronary care unit within 6 hours from onset of symptoms were randomly assigned either to a treatment group (n=27) receiving glucose-insulin-potassium-albumin (GIKA) or to a control group (n=23), comparable regarding clinical data, receiving 5.5% glucose. Both infusions were given intravenously at a rate of 1.2 ml/kg b.wt./hour during 48 hours. The GIKA solution contained 40 mEq K+, 10 ml 20% albumin and 16 IU regular crystalline insulin per 1000 ml 10% glucose. Before the infusion, the treatment group received an i.v. loading dose of 50 ml 50% glucose. Serum time activity curves for creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin (MG) were established from frequent blood level determinations. A 15-minute single lead ECG was recorded every fourth hour and subsequently analysed for ventricular arrhythmias. The two patient groups did not differ regarding cumulative MG and CK release. The GIKA group had significantly more patients with high MG/CK ratios (p less than 0.02). No clinically significant difference was found between the two patient groups regarding ventricular arrhythmias, even if ventricular extrasystoles tended to occur less frequently in the GIKA group. PMID- 7027748 TI - Changes in intrarenal sodium handling during saluretic treatment in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The effect of 50 mg chlorthalidone on blood pressure, body fluid volumes and renal functional parameters was determined in 8 patients with essential hypertension. After 3 days there were signs of volume depletion with little change in mean arterial pressure (MAP). Maximal free water clearance (CH2O) was decreased and fractional proximal sodium reabsorption was increased, but no correlations between these parameters were found. After 3 months there was in inverse relationship between both changes in MAP and the indices of volume depletion and CH2O. It is concluded that when MAP decreases after prolonged saluretic treatment, there is a partial recovery of the initially induced volume depletion and less stimulation of proximal tubular sodium reabsorption. The continuing inhibitory action of chlorthalidone on "distal" sodium reabsorption is partially compensated for, probably by the stimulating effect at this site of the decrease in MAP. PMID- 7027749 TI - Practical clinical value of the C-peptide response to glucagon stimulation in the choice of treatment in diabetes mellitus. AB - In order to discriminate between insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent patients, serum C-peptide concentration was determined using antiserum M1230 in the fasting state and 6 min after an i.v. injection of 1 mg glucagon in 215 patients treated with insulin and 53 treated with diet and oral antidiabetics. A patient was considered well controlled without insulin when fasting blood glucose was below 8 mmol/l and when glucosuria was absent. After re-evaluation of therapy in hospital it was found that the majority of patients with a post-stimulatory serum C-peptide concentration above 0.60 pmol/ml appeared to have non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. When fasting C-peptide was used, a great overlap was found between the two treatment groups. During evaluation of therapy in hospital, 6 previously insulin-treated patients could be well treated with diet and tablets and 6 diet- and tablet-treated patients required insulin. The glucagon test seems to be of value in the outpatient clinic to discriminate non-insulin-dependent from insulin-dependent patients. PMID- 7027750 TI - The antidiabetic effect and pharmacokinetic properties of glipizide. Comparison of a single dose with divided dose regime. AB - In 13 patients with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus which did not respond to diet therapy alone, serum concentration of glipizide, blood glucose (B-G) concentration, serum immunoreactive insulin (S-IRI) and plasma glycerol (P-G) were monitored hourly over 12 hours after placebo, an initial dose of glipizide (5 mg p.o.) and long-term treatment with glipizide (range 7.5--20 mg, mean 10.4), which produced fasting B-G of less than 8 mmol/l. During the long-term treatment, glipizide was given in a random, cross-over pattern, either as a single dose in the morning or as a three-part divided dose regime, in the same total daily amount. The duration of the immediate effects of glipizide on B-G, S-IRI and S IRI/B-G was 9, 4.5 and 6.5 hours, respectively. The mean apparent half-life of glipizide was 4.1 hours, the mean distribution volume 0.13 l/kg and the mean plasma clearance 0.023 l/kg x h. The area under the concentration curve from 7.30 a.m. to 7.30 p.m. was 15% higher after the single dose regime. The serum levels of glipizide at 10 hours were only 30% lower than after the three-part divided dose regime. There were no significant differences between the single and divided dose regimes as regards B-G, S-IRI and S-IRI/B-G, although the mean B-G for the 12-hour period was somewhat lower after the former than after the latter (7.0 against 8.7 mmol/l). PMID- 7027751 TI - Renin and body fluid volumes in chronic renal disease. Relations between arterial pressure, plasma renin activity, blood volume, and extracellular volume in chronic renal disease, as compared with essential hypertension. AB - In 47 patients with hypertension and chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) and 38 patients with essential hypertension (EH), the following parameters were measured under moderate salt restriction: plasma volume (PV), blood volume (BV), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), ratio of blood volume to insterstitial fluid volume (BV/IV), recumbent plasma renin activity (PRA), increase in PRA upon standing (delta PRAst), creatinine clearance (Ccr), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Mean PRA, ECFV, and MAP values did not differ significantly between the two groups. In the CRI group, MAP showed a weak positive correlation with ECFV (r = 0.34). Mean PV, BV and BV/IV ratio were significantly higher than in the EH group, whereas delta PRAst was markedly blunted (p less than 0.001) and showed a weak correlation with Ccr (r = 0.33). This suggests that patients with CRI on a moderate Na intake have a decreased tissue compliance which results in a relative elevation of BV. On the other hand, although MAP was not significantly correlated with either BV or IV, a negative correlation (r = -0.31) was found between MAP and BV/IV, indicating that elevation of the blood pressure (BP) tends to depress BV. These oppositely directed effects may explain the failure so far to establish a relationship between BP in renal disease and any haemodynamic parameter or combination of such parameters. PMID- 7027752 TI - Insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus of sixty years' duration without significant late manifestations. AB - The report concerns a man with onset of diabetes in 1921 and treated with insulin since 1922. In 1981, at the age of 75, he is in excellent health, with no signs of significant diabetic organ injuries. Among other factors, this benign course may be due to retention, until now, of some endogenous insulin production. PMID- 7027753 TI - Streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7027754 TI - Guanidine hydrochloride in infantile and juvenile spinal muscular atrophy. A double blind controlled study. PMID- 7027755 TI - Monitoring S-adenosyl-methionine blood levels and antidepressant effect. PMID- 7027756 TI - Underlying mechanisms in substance abuse: examples from research on smoking. PMID- 7027757 TI - Tolerance to ethanol and treatment of its abuse, some fundamental issues. PMID- 7027758 TI - Pharmacological control of alcohol consumption: tactics for the identification and testing of new drugs. PMID- 7027759 TI - The plasma cholinesteerases: a new perspective. PMID- 7027760 TI - The measurement of serum alkaline phosphatase in clinical medicine. PMID- 7027761 TI - High-resolution analytical techniques for proteins and peptides and their applications in clinical chemistry. PMID- 7027762 TI - [The treatment of fractures of the condylar process in the period of growth]. PMID- 7027763 TI - [Vitamins in the prevention of hyperlipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - Primary and secondary vitamin deficiencies cause many metabolic diseases which possible are life-threatening. Nevertheless none of the hypovitaminosis is known to give rise to hyperlipoproteinemias and/or atherosclerosis. On the other hand, the hypolipemic effect of several vitamins, like retinol, ascorbate, tocopherol and nicotinate, has clearly been demonstrated. This effect takes place either on clinically non-demonstrable hypovitaminosis, or by a true pharmacological activity of those factors. In the last case several different mechanisms are probably involved, which are described in the present paper. The use of vitamins in metabolic disorders is justified both for the primary prevention, in order to correct the causes of hyperlipoproteinemias, and in the secondary one, to diminish the blood fat levels, which increase the risk of atherogenesis. PMID- 7027764 TI - [Preventive role of vitamins in some old age diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The regulatory functions of vitamins are described with particular reference to their importance in the metabolic processes of ageing. Although clear hypovitaminosis is uncommon, slight vitamin deficiencies are often encountered in the clinical practice. They cause a speed up of the organism deterioration. The nutritional requirement and the effect of vitamin A, B1, B6, B12, are rapidly reviewed. More attention is paid to the data about vitamin C, D and E. Vitamin C deficiency in elderly, especially in the hospitalized ones; whereas a high content of ascorbic acid in necessary in order to extend the life length and to achieve a good self-sufficiency. Also the deficiency of vitamin D and of its metabolites is frequent in the aged due to both a lower uptake and a scarce exposure to the sunlight. Low levels of vitamin D cause a worsening of bone tissue and consequent demineralization (osteomalacia and osteoporosis). Some aspects of ageing can be prevented by the supply of vitamin E, particularly the impaired bone trophism. The anti-oxidant power of tocopherol could also interfere some pathogenetic processes of ageing. PMID- 7027765 TI - Vitamins in "malattie evolutive". AB - Vitamins are playing an increasingly important role in "malattie evolutive", both in the newer sense meaning diseases connected with general development and in the original sense of progressive diseases. Examples of the preventive use of vitamins in certain development phases are the prophylactic administration of vitamin E in premature and new-born babies as protection against retrolental fibroplasia, vitamin K against haemorrhage and vitamin D against bone deformation. Deficient ossification in osteogenesis imperfecta can be prevented by high doses of vitamin C. Recently, greater medical interest has centred around the preventive use of high vitamin dosage in "malattie evolutive" in the original sense. Here, the main interest has been in vitamins E and C which, as recent investigations show, are capable of retarding or preventing deleterious cardiovascular or oncological diseases. PMID- 7027766 TI - The usefulness of radioisotopic dilution assay in a population with high serum vitamin B12 concentration. AB - This report describes the results of a vitamin B12 study among ninety normal healthy school children using commercial radioisotopic dilution assay kits. Values obtained in this study are higher than those obtained in previous study by the microbiological assay using L. leichmannii as the test organism. These high values render the commercial kit unsuitable in its present form in the diagnostic process of liver and related diseases where serum vitamin B12 are significantly elevated. Some dilution of the serum will be essential if the commercial kits are to prove useful among populations with normal high vitamin B12 concentrations. PMID- 7027767 TI - Effects of combination treatment with vitamins E and C on chloasma and pigmented contact dermatitis. A double blind controlled clinical trial. AB - A multi-clinical double-blind study on therapeutic effect of combination preparation of vitamins E and C was undertaken in comparison with single preparation of vitamin E and vitamin C in the treatment of chloasma or pigmented contact dermatitis (PCD). Combination treatment resulted in significantly better clinical improvement than vitamin C alone in both diseases. Objective data compiled from color difference measurements and color photographs revealed significantly better results with combination treatment in chloasma than vitamin C alone and, in PCD, than vitamin E or C alone. Differences in skin luminosity between hyperpigmented and normal areas significantly decreased in all three groups, with the combination group producing the most significant change. The total serum lipoperoxide level and its ratio to total serum lipids tended to decline in the combination group, and decreased significantly in vitamin E group. The sebum lipoperoxide level decreased significantly only in the combination group (EC). PMID- 7027768 TI - [Vitamins in metabolic diseases]. AB - Several vitamins have been demonstrated to interfere with the pathogenesis of some metabolic diseases, mainly by three different mechanisms: 1) vitamin malabsorption, 2) errors in vitamin metabolism, 3) vitamin dependent syndromes. The latter is due to a deficiency of the apoenzyme whose coenzyme is the vitamin itself. In this case pharmacological, instead of nutritional doses of the vitamin may be needed. The vitamins which interfere with inborn metabolic errors are reviewed; for each vitamin the corresponding diseases which may be treated are indicated. The vitamins are: 1) thiamine (leucinosis); b) nicotinic acid (hyperlipoproteinemia); c) biotin (beta-methyl-crotonyl-glycinuria, propionic aciduria); d) pyridoxine (infantile convulsions, familial pyridoxine responsive anemia, homocystinuria, cystathioninuria, xanthurenicaciduria); e) cobalamins (congenital intrinsic factor deficiency, cobalamin malabsorption, transcobalamin deficiency, methylmalonic aciduria) f) folic acid (congenital folic acid malabsorption, formimino-transferase deficiency, methylenetetrahydrofolic reductase deficiency, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome); g) vitamin D (phosphatic diabetes, Prader's type rickets, Albright's syndrome; essential hereditary hypophosphatemia, etc). It is noteworthy that the vitamin therapy of these diseases, not only corrects the metabolic errors, but can also promote the healing or the amelioration of the psycho-physical growth, of central nervous system alterations and of other lesions. PMID- 7027769 TI - Garland Lecture. On the question of cancer induction by small X-ray doses. AB - There is no proven body of fact that establishes an increase in human cancer after low doses of x or gamma radiation such as those received environmentally, occupationally, or from medical diagnostic procedures; that is, radiation levels below about 10 rad (0.1 Gy). This paper reviews the principal low dose epidemiologic studies that have investigated possible cancer increases. The results of these studies are negative, equivocal, or, when positive, invalidated by methodologic defects or by inconsistency with the feasible carcinogenic effect of background radiation. Despite the lack of direct evidence however, it will never be possible to exclude a very small cancer risk from even the lowest radiation levels, primarily because of statistical limitations in the design of epidemiologic studies. Estimates of cancer risk from low levels of x or gamma ray exposure are therefore based on assumptions regarding the relation between cancer increases and radiation dose. The statistical uncertainties of the meager human data at low doses do not permit unique relations to be established. Nevertheless recent radiobiologic investigations of dose/effect relations for neoplasms in animal populations, for chromosomal damage in human cells, and for malignant transformation in cultured mammalian cell lines suggest that a linear-quadratic relation, when fitted to the human data, provides a reasonable and conservative basis for risk estimation. PMID- 7027770 TI - Complications of coil embolization: prevention and management. AB - From 1975 to 1980, 1,200 steel coils of three different designs were used for vascular occlusion. There were eight significant complications: Two coils were lost and retrieved, one coil was lost and remains in the pulmonary artery, four coils were misplaced to undesired sites, and one coil was fragmented and displaced during surgery. The management and prevention of these complications are described. PMID- 7027771 TI - Roentgenology 1910. Stereoscopic radiography as diagnostic aid in pulmonary tuberculosis. by Emil G. Beck. PMID- 7027772 TI - Intravenous aortography after aortic dissection repair. PMID- 7027773 TI - Chest tube positioning in neonatal pleural herniation. PMID- 7027774 TI - Acute renal vein thrombosis with a diagnostic renal scintigram. PMID- 7027775 TI - Regional distribution of cardiac output: normal values in man determined by video dilution technique. AB - Densitometry by video dilution permits regional blood estimation by a modification of the indicator dilution technique originally described by Stewart and Hamilton. Contrast mass is measured from the video fluoroscopic image rather than from dye concentration in blood withdrawn through a sampling catheter. From more than 400 studies, 70 patients who presumably had normal regional flows were selected. Flows in the cerebral, splanchnic, renal, and extremity circulations were determined as a percentage of ascending aortic flow (cardiac output). The regional flow determined by video dilution technique compare well with results of other techniques described in the literature. It is now possible to measure distribution of cardiac output to any major artery during routine angiography, thus providing another determinant of arterial adequacy. These normal values are currently used by the investigators as standards for the evaluation of patients with a variety of vascular diseases. PMID- 7027776 TI - Lymphocytes bearing single or double surface immunoglobulins in umbilical cord blood. AB - Lymphocytes from the umbilical cord blood of 20 newborn infants and the peripheral blood of 18 adult volunteers, were studied for surface-stable immunoglobulins by the direct immunofluorescence technique. Goat antiserums to human light and heavy chains were used. Cord blood yielded a significantly higher percentage of lymphocyte bearing mu + delta chains, and a lower percentage bearing only delta chains. The number of B cells bearing light chains (K + lambda) or heavy chains (mu + delta +(mu + delta) was higher in cord blood than in the adult peripheral blood. The high percentage of cells bearing double markers (probably virgin B-cells) and the low number of cells bearing only IgD, (probably the cells responsible for secondary antibody responses) could be explained by the inhibition of the IgM-to-IgG switch in the antibody production of newborns. PMID- 7027777 TI - On the problem of nonsense correlations in allergological tests after routine extraction. AB - The influence of extraction procedures and culturing methods of material used for the preparation of allergenic extracts on correlation patterns found in allergological testing (skin test and RAST) was investigated. In our laboratory a short extraction procedure performed at O degrees C was used for Aspergillus repens. A. penicilloides, Wallemia sebi, their rearing media and non-inoculated medium. For the commercially available extracts from house dust, house-dust mite, pollen of Dactylus glomerata and A. penicilloides a longer procedure (several days) performed at room temperature was used. Statistical analysis showed a separation of all test results into two clusters, each cluster being composed of correlations between extracts from only one the manufacturers did not show any correlation. The correlations found between the short time incubated extracts of the xerophilic fungi and their rearing media could be explained by genetical and biochemical relationships between these fungi depending on ecological conditions. However, while the correlation found between house dust and house-dust mite is understandable, correlations found between long time incubated extracts from house-dust mite and D. glomerata or A. penicilloides may be nonsense correlations, that do not adequately describe the in vivo situation. The similarity of these extracts is presumably artificially created during extraction. PMID- 7027778 TI - The many uses of Apple computers at the Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf. PMID- 7027779 TI - Wound healing. AB - In acute wounds, there is no substitute for mechanical debridement and irrigation. Enzymes are useful in some chronic wounds, but antibacterial solutions are indicated only when gross contamination or frank purulence exists. Sutures will endure as the method of choice for precise wound closure. A moist environment and topical vitamin A appear to enhance epithelialization. Deficiencies of specific vitamins and minerals affect different aspects of repair, but excess levels do not accelerate healing. The biology of exuberant scars is a mystery, but management by pressure, steroids and surgery is often successful. PMID- 7027780 TI - The Bacon Chow study: maternal nutrition supplementation and birth weight of offspring. AB - This study is a randomized controlled double-blind trial on the effects of nutrition supplement of pregnant and lactating women on their offspring. The study was conducted by the late Dr. Bacon Chow in 14 villages in Sui-Lin township, a farming area about 180 miles from Taipei, Taiwan. Two hundred ninety four women were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. The daily supplement for one group provided 800 kcal and 40 g of protein/day; for the other group it only provided 80 kcal/day. Supplementation began after 3 wk of the delivery of a first study infant, continued throughout lactation, and through the pregnancy and lactation of a second study infant. Between group comparisons on the birth weight, number of low birth weight infants, or incidence of fetal deaths showed no statistically significant findings. However, the birth weight of the second study infant was statistically different and higher than that of the first study infant in the high supplement group. Moreover, in the low supplement group there was a correlation of 0.22 (p = 0.06) between the change scores for birth weight from the first to the second study infant and the quantity of supplements consumed during the last trimester of pregnancy. There was also in this same group a significant slope in a linear regression of birth weight on total daily caloric intake during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy for the male second study infants. These findings are partly in agreement with findings from three other large supplementation studies in Colombia, Guatemala, and New York. In this study the findings indicate that caloric supplementation does result in a small yet statistically meaningful increment in birth weight within a population which is not nutritionally at risk. PMID- 7027781 TI - A comparison of four methods to measure fat cell size. PMID- 7027782 TI - Immunochemical LD1 assay for myocardial infarction. AB - The diagnostic efficiency of an immunochemical assay for LD1 (I-LD1) was compared with an electrophoretic procedure for this isoenzyme (E-LD1) in 100 consecutive patients hospitalized for a clinical suspicion of acute myocardial infarction (MI). All patients were investigated with a standard protocol including serial determinations of total creatine kinase (CK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LD) activities, CK and LD isoenzymes, and electrocardiograms. Thirty-two patients were diagnosed to have acute MI on the bases of positive CK-MB or EKG or both. The coefficients of variation for the intraassay and interassay precision of I LD1 assay ranged from 3.12% to 7.69%. Direct correlation between the I-LD1 and E LD1 was very satisfactory (r = .961; P = less than .001). When the results of these two procedures were compared in terms of decision values for acute MI, there was agreement between them in 87 patients. At the cut-off point of 90 U/L, I-LD1 assay was 100% sensitive and 89% specific for acute MI; the corresponding figures for E-LD1 were 81% and 91%, respectively. The diagnostic efficiencies of the I-LD1 and E-LD1 procedures were 93% and 88%, respectively. A substantial saving in technologist time with the I-LD1 assay over the E-LD1 procedure was documented in this study. PMID- 7027783 TI - An automated system for the handling, diluting, and dispensing of formaldehyde. AB - Automation can be applied to the repetitive and mechanical handling, mixing, and dispensing of formaldehyde, the most common tissue fixative in routine clinical laboratory use. A closed automated system is described that aspirates 37% formaldehyde from large, commercial sized 490 pound drums at a remote location, and delivers 10% formalin in ready-to-use form at a special faucet in the histology laboratory without human intervention. In addition to economy from a decrease in personnel handling time and from purchasing formaldehyde in bulk, it decreases the exposure of laboratory personnel to formaldehyde fumes. PMID- 7027784 TI - Rapid bioassay for chloramphenicol in the presence of other antibiotics. AB - A simple, rapid bioassay for the measurement of chloramphenicol in serum or cerebrospinal fluid was developed using a multiply antibiotic-resistant strain of Escherichia coli. The agar diffusion system involved the addition of patients' specimens and three standard concentrations of chloramphenicol to 7.5 mm diameter wells cut in agar seeded with the test organism. Assays of chloramphenicol using this system could be read routinely in three to four hours and allowed determinations of levels of 5-60 micrograms/ml. Chloramphenicol could be measured accurately in the presence of a variety of beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, and tetracycline antimicrobial agents, but not cefoxitin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Repetitive assays of sera containing known concentrations of chloramphenicol indicated a coefficient of variation of 8%. Seeded assay plates could be stored at 2-8 degrees C for up to five days prior to use. PMID- 7027785 TI - High resolution light microscopy in renal pathology. AB - Seven hundred renal specimens embedded in epoxy resins and stained with polychromatic stains were compared with paraffin sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E), Perodic and Schiff, (PAS), silver, and trichrome stains. High resolution of light microscopy, never in wax histopathology, may be obtained by the use of plastic embedding and polychromatic stains. Cell boundaries, intracellular organelles, basement membranes, different cellular types, apposition of different substances, and other pathologic changes were readily recognized in a single P + P (Plastic section stained with Polychromatic stains) section, whereas paraffin sections usually needed special stains. The same plastic block may be used for transmission electron microscopy. Slightly elevated cost, special training of the technician and pathologist, and some few remaining technical difficulties are the disadvantages of this method. High resolution light microscopy methods are recommended for routine renal biopsies. PMID- 7027786 TI - Diagnostic ultrasound. Current pediatric applications. PMID- 7027787 TI - Eikenella corrodens empyema. PMID- 7027788 TI - Food additives and hyperkinesis. PMID- 7027790 TI - The insulin pump: new method of insulin delivery. PMID- 7027789 TI - The William Allan Memorial Award: presented to Walter F. Bodmer, PhD, at the annual meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics New York, September 24 27, 1980. PMID- 7027791 TI - Diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 7027793 TI - BSN doors are opening for RN students. PMID- 7027792 TI - More special than different. PMID- 7027794 TI - Validity of hypothalamic-pituitary testing in hyperprolactinemia: prolactin responses to insulin hypoglycemia and arginine. AB - The release of prolactin (PRL) following insulin tolerance testing (ITT) and arginine infusion was studied in four groups of women: normal volunteers, amenorrheic women with normal PRL levels, and hyperprolactinemic women with and without roentgenographic evidence of pituitary adenoma. Women with normal serum PRL concentrations were found to have an increase in peripheral PRL and both testing modalities. Hyperprolactinemic women, whether or not there was evidence of a pituitary adenoma, did not appear to have a PRL response to either of these tests. Based on the percent change of PRL over basal values, there was a significant difference between the euprolactinemic and hyperprolactinemic groups (p less than 0.01 for insulin and p less than 0.05 for arginine). Our data indicate that in women with hyperprolactinemia neither ITT- nor arginine-induced PRL release can be utilized to discriminate between the presence and absence of an adenoma. This poor PRL response to ITT and arginine in the hyperprolactinemic patients could be the result of hypothalamic dysfunction. PMID- 7027795 TI - Fluorophotometric determination of the corneal epithelial barrier after penetrating keratoplasty. PMID- 7027796 TI - Penetrating keratoplasty for herpes simplex keratitis. AB - We conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of 82 penetrating keratoplasties performed to treat herpes simplex keratitis. In 53 cases (65%) there was extensive corneal neovascularization or stromal ulceration and active intraocular inflammation, making the prognosis in these cases poor. Only 32 grafts (39%) were clear at the time of our analysis. Patients with active inflammation, active ulceration, perforation, or extensive neovascularization had particularly poor success rates. Conservative management of perforation before keratoplasty was highly successful (11 clear grafts in 13 eyes [85%]). Other categories with a good prognosis included disciform edema and scarred corneas in quiet eyes. We used a preliminary analysis of the data to build a model to predict the outcome of penetrating keratoplasty in herpes simplex keratitis. The model used preoperative ocular status and management technique as its terms. Testing of the model showed that there were significant differences in outcome between the groups in the sample. PMID- 7027797 TI - Incidence of increased intraocular pressure after keratoplasty. PMID- 7027798 TI - Visual outcome in eight cases of Serratia marcescens keratitis. PMID- 7027799 TI - T and B lymphocytes in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. PMID- 7027800 TI - A visual field screening protocol for glaucoma. AB - In this prospective evaluation of the reliability and efficiency of an optimized visual field screening protocol for glaucoma, we tested 145 eyes (73 patients) with increased intraocular pressures to determine the location of early glaucomatous visual field defects. The field examination, which was used as a control, and protocol testing were performed on a manual Goldmann perimeter using kinetic and suprathreshold static techniques, respectively. Of the 145 eyes tested, kinetic Goldmann perimetry detected 43 eyes with glaucomatous defects. The screening protocol detected 39 defective eyes. There were four false-negative tests and one false-positive test. The false-negative rate of just under 10% was within the range predicted from earlier data. The computer-generated optimal protocols performed as predicted and provided an excellent screening technique for the detection of early glaucomatous visual field defects. PMID- 7027801 TI - An American Board of Orthodontics case report. PMID- 7027802 TI - Open-bite-a multifactorial event. PMID- 7027803 TI - Presentation of the Warner-Lambert Parke-Davis award to Dr. Michael W. Lieberman. PMID- 7027804 TI - The mononuclear phagocytes of the rat adrenal. AB - Structural and functional investigations have revealed the presence of a population of mononuclear phagocytes in the sinusoids of the rat adrenal. These phagocytes were of myelogenous origin, while electron microscopy and peroxidase cytochemistry demonstrated characteristics resembling those of monocytes. Their concentration on the sinus wall increased after systemic zymosan treatment, due to a transient selective margination of circulating monocytes, many of which were in the synthetic phase of the cell cycle. The monocytic margination in the zymosan-treated rats shown to be partly due to changes in the sinus wall and partly dependent on the surface properties of circulating monocytes. PMID- 7027806 TI - Animal model of human disease: Inherited early-onset, insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus in keeshond dogs. PMID- 7027805 TI - Tuberculin hypersensitivity hepatitis in mice infected with Mycobacterium bovis (BCG). AB - A systemic BCG infection in mice induced multiple small granulomas located mainly in the periportal areas of the liver. Following systemic challenge of such mice with purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), a rapidly developing hepatitis with diffuse intralobular mononuclear cell infiltration was precipitated, accompanied by high levels of aspartate transaminase in peripheral blood, hypoglycemia, focal hepatocyte necrosis, and accumulation of fibrinogen in liver. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also provoked acute hepatic damage both in BCG-infected mice and in mice pretreated with Corynebacterium parvum. PPD was not active in the latter. There were also lymphoid cell destruction and fibrinogen accumulation in the spleen of BCG-PPD-treated mice. Possible involvement of inflammatory and hepatotoxic mediators is suggested, and a T lymphocyte-macrophage regulatory role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis is discussed. PMID- 7027807 TI - Current trends in developmental theory. PMID- 7027808 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum. Two case reports and a literature review. PMID- 7027809 TI - Twentieth-century psychiatry: a view from the sea. AB - The author presents a broad view of the principal forces at work in twentieth century psychiatry. He describes the approach of the various psychiatries- psychoanalytic, biological, behaviorist, social, interpersonal, and existential- to the diagnostic enterprise and the therapeutic enterprise. He finds twentieth century diagnosis dominated by objective-descriptive psychiatry and therapy by the extraordinary growth of psychotherapy in the industrial nations. The newer psychotherapeutic methods have made the first systematic additions since Freud to our understanding of the ways in which personal change occurs. PMID- 7027810 TI - Heterogeneity of amphetamine response in depressed patients. AB - There is considerable diversity of opinion as to the nature of the response of depressed patients to amphetamine infusion. The authors report on the clinical response of 18 endogenously depressed patients to double-blind, intravenous administration of amphetamine or saline. Although the drug produced activation, mood elevation, and recall of emotionally charged material in the group as a whole, there was considerable heterogeneity of response as well as a tendency for response dimensions to vary independently of one another. The heterogeneity of clinical response may be associated with differences in underlying clinical, biological, and genetic variables in affectively ill patients. PMID- 7027811 TI - Famine relief and imperial policy in early modern Morocco: the political functions of public health. AB - There has been no systematic ethnology nor comparative history of public health. In fact, there has been a broad consensus that prior to the arrival of missionaries and colonial health authorities there was no indigenous public health. These assumptions apply to only some settings and do not reflect the general history of public health. The present study concerns public health in the first century of Alawi rule in Morocco, ca. 1670-1790. The early Alawi sultans undertook public health programs, most of which concerned the prevention and relief of mass starvation. Goals of the programs were consistent with other features of their public policies. Effectiveness of the programs was limited partly by technical and scientific factors, but more by political constraints, especially the sultans' higher priorities for political stability than public welfare and public health. These data provide important insights not only into Moroccan social and political history, but also into the more general problem of the political nature of public health. PMID- 7027812 TI - The review of posturography in Japan. PMID- 7027813 TI - [Anticoagulants and pregnancy]. PMID- 7027814 TI - [Reflexotherapy in the obstetrical clinic]. PMID- 7027815 TI - [Antimicrobial activity of the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 7027816 TI - [Materno-fetus functional system. Experience of the systems approach to the physiology of fetal-maternal relationship]. PMID- 7027817 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the sorbents for treating hemolytic disease of the newborn by a hemosorption method]. PMID- 7027818 TI - [Data on oogenesis, fertilization and the possibility of in vitro cultivation of human ova]. PMID- 7027819 TI - [Postoperative respiratory therapy: bronchospasmolytic activity and side-effects of some recently introduced beta-sympatheticomimetic agents (author's transl)]. AB - Intensive respiratory therapy is essential for reducing postoperative morbidity and mortality in older persons with pre-existing chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. A new series of beta-adrenergic agents is being frequently used to effect bronchodilatation. Three substances from this group, viz.: reproterol (Bronchospasmin), terbutalin (Bricanyl) and fenoterol (Berotec) were examined in a randomized study in 90 patients. All three substances produced a significant increase in FEV1 and PEFR of up to 10.6 and 15.7 per cent respectively above the initial values. There were no significant differences between the three groups. Contrary to the results obtained by other investigators PaO2 fell in all groups. In the case of fenoterol this decrease was statistically significant with a mean value of 0.36 kPa. The causes for this fall in arterial oxygen pressure are still unknown. It may possible be due to an increased intrapulmonary right-left shunt as a result of increased cardiac output together with a ventilation-perfusion mismatch despite improved airways resistance. Since drastic falls by as much as 2.53 kPa have been observed during treatment with these agents they constitute a potential risk. PMID- 7027820 TI - [Medical aspects of the new outline of the Penal Code]. PMID- 7027821 TI - [Presentation of 2 formularies: "Formulary of Clinical Therapeutics" (XV edition) and "Formulary of Emergencies" (XVII edition]. PMID- 7027822 TI - [Theodor Billroth (on the occasion of the centenary of the 1st gastrectomy]. PMID- 7027823 TI - Cardiovascular and hormonal responses to electroconvulsive therapy. Modification of an exaggerated response in an hypertensive patient by beta-receptor blockade. PMID- 7027824 TI - Reduction of pain on injection of etomidate. PMID- 7027825 TI - Determination of methylmercury in tissue using enzyme proteolysis. PMID- 7027826 TI - Use of propranolol to control rate-pressure product during cardiac anesthesia. AB - The use of propranolol to control heart rate (HR), systolic pressure, and rate pressure product (RPP) during laryngoscopy and sternotomy was studied in 21 patients, New York Heart Association functional Classes 1 and 2, scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. All patients were anesthetized in an identical fashion, but the treatment group (N = 13) received propranolol, 0.5 to 1 mg IV, 4 minutes before laryngoscopy and again, in most cases, before skin incision. Patients not given propranolol (N = 8) showed a clinically and statistically significant increase in HR and RPP, whereas HR and RPP remained essentially unchanged from the preanesthetic period in patients given propranolol. PMID- 7027827 TI - Comparison of bupivacaine, etidocaine, and saline for trigger-point therapy. AB - Injections of local anesthetics, saline, "dry needling," or other stimuli at specific, tender loci (trigger or acupuncture points) are reportedly efficacious in treatment of chronic pain syndromes. In a randomized, double-blind crossover study, subjective responses of 15 patients with myofascial syndrome to trigger point injections of either bupivacaine 0.5%, etidocaine 1%, or physiologic saline without preservative were compared. Responses in six pain-related categories were determined before treatment and 15 minutes, 24 hours, and 7 days after treatment. Trigger-point injections with bupivacaine and etidocaine were generally preferred over saline in several pain-tested categories. Implications and possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7027828 TI - Improving oxygenation during one-lung ventilation in dogs: the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure and blood flow restriction to the nonventilated lung. PMID- 7027829 TI - Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on left ventricular mechanics in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure. AB - When positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is added to intermittent positive pressure ventilation, cardiac output and stroke volume frequently fall despite unchanged or increased transmural left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. To determine whether a part of the fall in stroke volume with PEEP is explained by depressed left ventricular systolic function (increased end-systolic volume at a given end-systolic pressure on PEEP) the authors measured left ventricular end diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and the corresponding pressures in nine patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Measurements were made before and after 10 cm H2O PEEP was added to the ventilator. PEEP reduced mean stroke volume from 71 to 62 ml and this was explained entirely by a reduction in end-diastolic volume from 135 to 112 ml (P less than 0.005). Despite reduced EDV, pulmonary wedge pressure increased from 12 to 14 torr on PEEP, indicating reduced diastolic compliance or unstressed volume of the left ventricle in these patients similar to that reported in dogs. The authors conclude that PEEP reduces venous return and cardiac output without depressing left ventricular pumping function because end-systolic volume decreased from 64 to 49 ml on PEEP despite identical blood pressures (78 torr). They speculate that PEEP might improve ventricular performance by increasing intrathoracic pressure and left ventricular pressure relative to systemic blood pressure in extrathoracic vessels. PMID- 7027830 TI - Lung volumes, mechanics, and oxygenation during spontaneous positive-pressure ventilation: the advantage of CPAP over EPAP. AB - To determine if continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) is superior for achieving or maintaining effective lung volume in spontaneously breathing critically ill patients in acute respiratory failure, the authors measured functional residual capacity (FRC), airway and esophageal pressures, and arterial oxygen tensions when CPAP and EPAP were 5 and 10 cm H2O. Arterial oxygenation, FRC, and transpulmonary pressure at end expiration were greatest when CPAP was 10 cm H2O. Lung compliance did not change. The authors conclude that CPAP at 10 cm H2O is the more effective technique, either because it allows relaxation of chest wall musculature on expiration, or because EPAP at 10 cm H2O increases chest wall muscle tone. PMID- 7027831 TI - Isoflurane: a review. PMID- 7027832 TI - [Lymph flow and the vascular permeability of the lungs during spontaneous respiration and artificial pulmonary ventilation]. PMID- 7027833 TI - [Significance of colloidal osmotic pressure for clinical anesthesiology and resuscitation]. PMID- 7027834 TI - [Value of a serologic diagnosis of taenia saginata infestation in the human]. AB - In analogy to the immunological method for detecting the presence of cysticercosis in cattle we examined the applicability of the indirect immunofluorescence reaction as a technique for detecting taeniasis in man in 200 sera of tapeworm carriers and 150 sera of controls. Antibodies were found in the serum of most patients (112) infected by Taenia saginata, the test, however, showed widely different titer levels: in 44% of the patients we found false negative and in 1.3% false positive results. Serological investigations on the course of infection were carried out for 21 patients. Differing titer levels and titer variations show the limited applicability of this method in medicine, The importance and desirability of applying immunological techniques for diagnosing Taenia saginala are discussed. PMID- 7027835 TI - Regulation and control in physiological systems: 1960-1980. PMID- 7027836 TI - Closed-loop control in prosthetic systems: historical perspective. PMID- 7027837 TI - Implantable electrical and mechanical interfaces with nerve and muscle. PMID- 7027838 TI - Cochlear implant prostheses: strategies and progress. PMID- 7027839 TI - The development of recognition of component significance in closed-loop cardiovascular control. PMID- 7027840 TI - Closed-loop physiological control of the heart. PMID- 7027841 TI - Regulation of extracellular fluid volume and osmolality. PMID- 7027842 TI - Artificial kidneys: past, present, and future. PMID- 7027843 TI - Hypercomplex models of insulin and glucose dynamics: do they predict experimental results? PMID- 7027844 TI - Immunogenic collagen in induced ascitic fluid: concurrent preparation of anti murine immunoglobulin E. AB - Antiserum to murine immunoglobulin (Ig) E was produced by inoculation of goats with a pool of partially purified IgE from serum and adjuvant-induced ascitic fluid. Antibodies to collagen were found to be present in the antiserum when the latter was conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and applied to mouse pulmonic tissue. The intense connective tissue fluorescence was eliminated following absorption with mouse collagen. Immunogenic collagen components were presumed to arise in ascitic fluid as a consequence of the adjuvant-induced inflammation. Ascitic fluid is commonly used when large volumes of serum proteins are collected from small mammals. It is suggested that ascitic fluid may not be an ideal antigen source when antiserum is to be used for immunofluorescence studies on tissue. PMID- 7027845 TI - Neutrophil bactericidal capability in experimentally induced salmonellosis in pigs. PMID- 7027846 TI - Effects of (DTrp6-Des-Gly10-ProNH29)-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ethylamide on the estrous cycle, weight gain, and feed efficiency in feedlot heifers. AB - Subcutaneous implantation of pelleted (DTrp6-Des Gly10-ProNH29)-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in 3 heifers (at a total dose of approx 5 microgram/0.45 kg of body weight) shortly after ovulation did not affect the ongoing luteal phase, but prevented the next expected estrus and ovulation. The effect was reversible and estrus was reestablished 16 and 19 days after pellet removal. The subsequent luteal phase concentrations of plasma progesterone appeared to be below normal concentrations. In a 2nd study, 25 heifers were implanted subcutaneously twice, 56 days apart, at random stages of the cycle. The mean number of estrous episodes over the 112 days of observation was decreased from 5.56 in controls (n = 25) to 1.12 in treated (n = 25) heifers. This suppression of estrus was not associated with change in live weight gain or food intake. PMID- 7027847 TI - Diagnosis of eastern equine encephalomyelitis by immunofluorescent staining of brain tissue. AB - Brain tissues were obtained from 5 horses with clinical encephalomyelitis during an epizootic in southwestern Michigan in August-September 1980. These tissues were tested for virus by intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice and by examination of frozen sections and impression smears by the indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) technique. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus was isolated and detected by FA technique in brains of 3 horses which died or were euthanatized within approximately 24 hours of onset of the disease but not from 2 horses at 2 and 3 days after onset. The latter 2 animals had serum-neutralizing antibodies at the time of death. Seven areas of the brain of 1 horse were tested. The proportion of fluorescing cells in frozen sections correlated with infectivity titers. Impression smears were negative. Viral titers ranged from 10(5.7) to 10(10.0) suckling mouse intracerebral median lethal doses/g; highest titers and most intense fluorescence were present in the thalamus and pons, emphasizing the need to obtain selective samples of central brain structures for diagnostic examination. The FA technique appears useful for the rapid diagnosis of fatal eastern equine encephalomyelitis and may be applicable in laboratories not equipped for isolation of viruses. PMID- 7027848 TI - Controlled evaluation of ivermectin in Shetland ponies. AB - Ivermectin was injected IM into 12 yearling Shetland ponies. The following reactions in percentages of parasites recovered from ponies given 200 microgram/kg or 300 microgram/kg, as compared with the parasitic population in those given the vehicle at 1 week after injection, were as follows: Otobius megnini nymphs--no reduction; Gasterophilus intestinalis--100% and 99.9%; G nasalis--100% and 99.9%; Parascaris equorum adults--100% and 96%; Strongylus vulgaris adults--100% and 100%; S edentatus adults--100% and 100%; cyathostome adults of the genera Gyalocephalus, Cylicocyclus, Cyathostomum, Cylicostephanus, and Poteriostomum--99.9% and 100%; 4th-stage larvae--97.3% and 96.8%; Oesophagodontus robustus adults--100% and 100%; Triodontophorus spp--adults--100% and 100%, 4th-stage larvae--95.1% and 100%; and Oxyuris equi adult males--66.7% and 77.7%, adult females--96.5% and 100%, and 4th-stage larvae--94.1% and 96.9%. Other parasites encountered were too few in number to estimate drug efficacy. PMID- 7027849 TI - Field evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibody to African swine fever virus. AB - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to African swine fever virus was evaluated under field conditions in the Dominican Republic. A total of 3,402 swine serums were tested by ELISA. All ELISA-positive serums (n = 224) and 426 of 2,760 ELISA-negative serums were retested by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). There were no antibodies to ASF virus detected by IIF in ELISA-negative serums. By IIF, antibodies were detected in only a small portion of the ELISA-positive serums. The specificity and sensitivity of ELISA and IIF were investigated and discussed. It appears that poor quality serums had an effect in ELISA results. Detection of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM classes of antibodies in the ELISA and IIF-positive serums were also performed and related to longevity of African swine fever virus infection. The ELISA is recommended as an efficient method in testing large number of serums; positive results are to be retested by IIF. PMID- 7027850 TI - Occurrence of antibody to Trypanosoma cruzi in dogs in the southeastern United States. AB - Seven of 365 dogs from Georgia and other southeastern states were seropositive for antibody to Trypanosoma cruzi by the complement-fixation (CF) test. Sera from 24 dogs, including the 7 dogs seropositive by CF test, were reactive at dilutions of 1:128 or 1:256 by the direct-agglutination (DA) test. Dogs with positive CF titers were significantly (P less than 0.05) younger than were the dogs in the total population surveyed. The occurrence of antibody to T cruzi was similar, regardless of the dogs' origin, sex, or length of hair. Dogs with specific antibody to T cruzi did not have clinical signs of disease related to the cardiovascular or gastrointestinal systems, the systems most frequently affected in American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease). Sera from an additional 20 dogs from Minnesota were examined by the DA test. One of these sera had a reaction at a dilution of 1:2, and 19 sera had no reaction in the DA test for antibody to T cruzi. PMID- 7027851 TI - Mechanical effect of lung distention with positive pressure on cardiac function. AB - To investigate the contribution of local mechanical factors to the alteration in ventricular function that occurs during ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), the hemodynamic effects of increasing end-expiratory pressure with both lungs ventilated, and with the upper lobes, lower lobes, right and left lungs selectively ventilated, were examined in 20 anesthetized open-chest dogs. The rise in pressure between the lungs and heart exceeded that of the ipsilateral atrium. Increasing PEEP with both lungs ventilated caused atrial and mediastinal (juxtacardiac) pressures to increase and stroke volume to decrease more than with ventilation of smaller lung volumes. Patterns causing distention of lung tissue adjacent to the right heart were associated with the greatest decrease of stroke volume. Decreasing stroke volume related more closely to increasing right atrial than to left atrial pressure. We concluded that juxtacardiac pressure increases markedly as the lungs distend, even in an open-chest preparation, and that preload reduction on this basis, not ventricular impairment, best explains diminished cardiac output during ventilation with PEEP. PMID- 7027852 TI - Precipitating antibodies to farmer's lung antigens in a Wisconsin farming population. AB - The prevalence of farmer's lung disease and antibodies to farmer's lung antigens were studied in a probability sample of over 1,400 farmers in north central Wisconsin. The prevalence rate of farmer's lung disease was 4.2 per 1,000 farmers. The most prevalent antibody type was directed against Micropolyspora faeni, with 6% of the study population precipitin-positive. Prevalence of antibodies to M. faeni was associated with dairy farming, larger farms, and larger dairy herds. An additive effect of hay acreage and size of dairy herd was observed. An independent relationship was also observed for cigarette smoking, with antibodies to M. faeni more prevalent among nonsmokers. PMID- 7027853 TI - [Neonatal septic arthritis. Our experience in 14 cases (author's transl)]. AB - A survey was carried out from october 1973 to december 1979 of fourteen newborn who presented septic arthritis secondary to sepsis, developed during their admission at our neonatology unit. Authors point out the high incidence of Klebsiella as the organism isolated in 48% of the positive cultures and the good response to general and local treatments. A discussion is done on the sequels and their long-term evolution. PMID- 7027854 TI - [Infantile cortical hyperostosis and fatal varicella (author's transl)]. AB - We report a male, prematurely born, affected by an Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis. He had very frequent infections in skin, ear, meninges, gastrointestinal and respiratory system. He died at 13 months during a varicella, and an immunological defect was suspected, but could not be proved. Our patient showed some remarkable peculiarities. He was premature, uncommon fact, and associated constant infections, undernutrition and fatal varicella. This case support the relationship between Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis and infection. PMID- 7027855 TI - Numerical evaluation of cytologic data. IX. Search for data structure by principal components transformation. AB - Principal components transformation may be used to explore the structure of a p dimensional data set. It is difficult to detect inhomogeneities in a data set of multivariate variables by mere visual inspection of the numerical data. Plotting each variable's distribution is often either impractical, due to the number of variables involved, or might fail to reveal the presence of subpopulations due to high correlations. A practical example is given in which principal components transformation revealed the presence of subpopulations in a four-dimensional data set. PMID- 7027856 TI - TULIPS: the Uppsala-Linkoping Image Processing System. AB - The Uppsala-Linkoping Image Processing System, TULIPS, is described. TULIPS, a hardware-software system designed for cell image processing, was developed at Uppsala University Hospital in cooperation with the Department of Electrical Engineering at Linkoping University. The hardware part of the image processing system is built around a high-speed data bus with a capacity of about 40 M byte/sec connected to a PDP-11/55 host computer. An image memory, an LSI-11 microcomputer and a video interface for displaying the image memory content on a TV monitor are also connected to the high-speed bus. An automated microscope and a "Poulsen processor" for low resolution segmentation, both to be attached to the high-speed bus, are being developed. A monitor and an interpreter for an image processing language have been implemented on the host computer. This software system allows interactive, as well as batch, processing. The degree of user interaction is easily adapted to the user's needs. The image processing language is command oriented, and it is easily expanded by adding new commands. The system has been used both for studies in the field of quantitative microscopy and as a platform for development and testing of new image processing algorithms. PMID- 7027857 TI - Computer discrimination of ectocervical cells: assessment of the value of spectral information. AB - The recording of spectral images in two or three spectral bands brings a significant improvement in the rate of correct recognition of ectocervical cellular material. The results from discriminant analyses relying solely on spectral features and analyses where color features were excluded are compared against analyses where all features were made available. PMID- 7027858 TI - Peptic ulcer: new therapies, new diseases. AB - Although hospitalizations and deaths attributable to peptic ulcer have decreased notably during the past decade, it is not certain whether this decrease is because of reduced incidence of new cases or changes in other factors, such as the severity of the disease. Several genetic traits associated with peptic ulcer have been recognized. Hyperpepsinogenemia I is the most prevalent. Peptic ulcer is a heterogeneous group of disorders with multiple genetic and environmental causes. One manifestation of the diversity of ulcer disease is the variety of physiologic abnormalities seen in patients. The use of endoscopy has enabled more reliable evaluation of new treatments. Histamine H2-receptor antagonists are the dominant mode of treatment, but increasing attention is being given to agents that enhance the resistance of the mucosa to injury, such as prostaglandins. Because of the lower frequency of side effects, proximal gastric vagotomy is gradually replacing truncal vagotomy with drainage. The possibility that endoscopic treatments, such as laser coagulation, may reduce mortality from bleeding ulcers is being investigated. PMID- 7027859 TI - Renal and electrolyte disturbances associated with cisplatin. AB - Cisplatin is a coordinate metal complex with significant antineoplastic activity and various effects, including acute anc chronic renal insufficiency and renal magnesium wasting. Nephrotoxicity may occur in as many as 50% to 75% of patients receiving the drug, and is apparently due to renal tubular injury. Although controlled, prospective clinical trials are lacking, the available data indicate that the frequency and severity of cisplatin nephrotoxicity may be reduced by slow infusion rates; hydration before, during, and immediately after administration of cisplatin; and concomitant administration of mannitol. Preliminary animal studies indicate that chloride-containing vehicles such as 0.9% sodium chloride may prevent the aquation or hydroxylation of cisplatin and reduce its toxicity. No information is available on th prevention of cisplatin associated renal magnesium wasting. However, frequent measurement of serum cations and appropriate replacement are recommended. PMID- 7027860 TI - Role of platelets in tumor cell metastases. AB - Platelets may have a role in the development of animal tumor metastases. Ultrastructural studies in vivo have shown arrested tumor emboli surrounded by platelets. Several tumor cell lines induce thrombocytopenia in vivo. Certain tumor cells aggregate platelets in vitro. Correlations exist between the ability of some tumor cells to aggregate platelets in vitro and their metastatic potential in vivo. Antiplatelet agents have impaired or altered the spread of certain tumor metastases. It is suggested that platelets have a role in the sequestration, adherence, and penetration of tumor cells through the blood vessel endothelial cell barrier, thus preventing their rapid clearance from the circulation and allowing extravascular formation of nests of cells. Antiplatelet agents, particularly prostaglandins, may prove useful in preventing experimental animal metastases when administered before the inoculation of tumor cells. Their potential in human malignancy, where the patient presents with an established tumor, remains to be established. PMID- 7027861 TI - Prospects for chenodiol therapy. PMID- 7027862 TI - [Italian bibliography of leishmaniasis from its origins to 1980]. PMID- 7027863 TI - [Reconstruction with intestinal segments after total cystectomy (review of cases)]. PMID- 7027864 TI - [Glomerular nephropathies in hepatic cirrhosis (author's transl)]. AB - Glomerular lesions were studied in 41 patients with hepatic cirrhosis (32 cases) or steatosis (9 cases) by optical microscopy (38 cases) and immunofluorescence (22 cases) examinations of biopsy samples. The most frequently observed lesion on optical microscopy was a glomerulosclerosis (16 cases), arteriolar lesions being present in 15 cases, two-thirds of which had associated glomerular lesions. Immunofluorescence revealed the presence of immunoglobulin deposits in 17 cases, these possessing two main characteristics: the prevalence of IgA (14 cases), alone or in association with other immunoglobulins; and the predilection for the mesangium alone, or in association with parietal deposits. The glomerular nephropathy in the cirrhotic patients was completely latent in 3 out of 4 cases, renal signs, when they existed, being of mild intensity. Renal lesion can occur in the absence of severe hepatopathy, particularly in the presence of steatosis. IgA deposits in the mesangium, a fundamental feature of hepatic glomerulopathy, can be related to the presence of IgA deposits in the liver sinusoids, suggesting the development of IgA deposits in several organs during these affections. Their pathogenesis is still obscure but two hypotheses have been suggested: an immune disease with deposits of circulating immune complexes in the kidney; a non-immune disease, IgA deposits being a secondary and not a primary feature. PMID- 7027865 TI - [Chronic atrophic polychondritis and renal and cardiopulmonary amylosis: a case report and literature review (author's transl)]. AB - Glomerular lesions with a nephrotic syndrome and impaired renal function developed secondary to a chronic atrophic polychondritis confirmed by auricular biopsy. In the absence of renal histology data, the possibility of an iatrogenic complication or a renal lesion specific to the affection itself were successively eliminated. Pos-mortem histological examination demonstrated renal and cardiopulmonary amylosis, the latter being clinically asymptomatic. The probable autoimmune origin of the chronic atrophic polychondritis has to be discussed in parallel with the dysimmunity mechanism responsible for the amyloid lesions, but no relationship between them was demonstrated. PMID- 7027866 TI - [Idiopathic peliosis hepatis: case report and review of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - Peliosis hepatis is a very uncommon disease defined by pathological lesions located in the liver and in the spleen characterized by blood filled lakes irregularly disseminated throughout parenchyma, without abnormalities of the hepatic veins or the vena cava system. A new case, regularly followed 3 years after the initial diagnosis is reported. Recent reports of the literature have pointed out etiologic factors, particularly iatrogenic factors. None of the reported factors could be found out in the present case. This emphasizes the need of epidemiological studies of such a rare disease (case-control study in a multicentric basis). Finally a successful diagnosis approach is proposed: transvenous (transjugular) liver biopsy. This procedure prevents hemorrhagic risk which could be a complication of routine transcutaneous liver biopsy in this disease. PMID- 7027867 TI - [Neuropsychiatric disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus: a general review (author's transl)]. AB - Nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus is frequent. Psychiatric manifestations, seizures, headaches are most often observed. Movement disorders, hemiparesis, aseptic meningitis occur more rarely. Myelitis is exceptional as is peripheral nerve involvement. CT Scan shows cerebral atrophy and sometimes hemorrhages or ischemic lesions. Pathological examination usually demonstrates cortical microinfarcts, hemorrhage and meningitis, but lesions are not always found. In these case the cause of the neuropsychiatric disorder is unknown: a transitory vascular or immune mechanism has been proposed. Corticotherapy is effective in the majority of cases, but can be occasionally responsible for an exacerbation of neuropsychiatric symptoms. PMID- 7027868 TI - [Ultrastructural organization of "Candida albicans" blastospore cell wall: localization of chemical and antigenic components (author's transl)]. AB - Various ultrastructural methods were applied to study the localization of chemical and/or antigenic components of Candida albicans blastospore cell wall. They concerned: PATAg reaction for the detection of polysaccharides on ultrathin sections associated with enzymatic digestions or polysaccharide extraction; the indirect immunoferritin method on intact cells; the indirect immunoperoxidase method on ultrathin section of water soluble embedding medium; the indirect immunofluorescence test, using patients and experimental sera. The cytochemical results confirmed a previously described eight layer organization. The immunocytochemical methods, also in agreement with this stratification, showed in addition to external structures that the layer located near the plasmalemma must be considered as an important antigenic area. The mannans responsible for antigenic differences between strains of C. albicans and namely those supporting the serotype A activity were shown to be, at least, distributed among two of the described peripheral layers. PMID- 7027869 TI - [Bactericidal activity of amoxicillin and cefaclor in an "in vitro" kinetic model (author's transl)]. AB - The bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus 290-P, Escherichia coli NIHJ-JC2 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC-10031 (10(6)/ml) was studied during 24 h, using an in vitro kinetic model which simulates the drug concentrations occurring in human serum after oral doses of amoxicillin (0.5 g or 1 g) or cefaclor (0.25 g or 0.50 g), 2 or 3 times a day. After the first antibiotic exposure, a high level of bactericidal activity (99-99.9%) was observed. Complete bactericidal activity was observed in all cases against S. aureus, but only after 3 times per day exposures in the case of E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Twice per day exposures of amoxicillin or cefaclor were invariably ineffective for these two species of Enterobacteriaceae (10(9) bacterial survivors/ml). These findings were related to subinhibitory concentrations which were or not able to prevent or reduce the bacterial regrowth after the first exposure of the antibiotics. PMID- 7027870 TI - [Stability and immunogenicity of the fresh BCG vaccine applied with a new multiple puncture device (author's transl)]. AB - A new multiple puncture instrument with interchangeable pieces has been devised. It permits the application of 12 or 28 cutaneous punctures, depending on the age of the patient (child). Fresh concentrated (50 mg/ml) BCG vaccine was distributed either into neutral glass ampoules or into neutral polypropylene tubes. No difference in viability was observed after storage at 4 degrees C and in a series of 10 batches of vaccine, a good survival (about 50%) was found after three months. Also, survival was identical among 9 batches of vaccine, whether it was resuspended in a protective solution containing human albumin plus 5% glycerol or in 6% glycerol only. The immunogenicity of the fresh concentrated vaccine, when applied with the new multiple puncture device, was studied using different tests: --the growth of BCG in organs of mice, --the survival time after virulent challenge of vaccinated versus unvaccinated mice, --tuberculin-delayed hypersensitivity of vaccinated guinea-pigs. The immunogenic potency has been found similar to that observed using other methods of BCG vaccination. These experimental results confirm the merit of the new method of vaccination using the multiple puncture device. PMID- 7027871 TI - Perspectives in uveitis. PMID- 7027872 TI - Flurbiprofen and intraocular pressure. AB - Systemic or topical administration of corticosteroids may produce a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAI drugs) are alternate therapy for ocular inflammatory disease. Flurbiprofen, a new NSAI drug, was tested in double-masked fashion to delineate its effect on IOP. Flurbiprofen did not alter IOP in known high corticosteroid responders nor did it block corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension. PMID- 7027873 TI - Clinical trial of bromhexine in Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Tear secretion and lysozyme tear content were measured in 30 patients with Sjogren's syndrome after treatment with oral bromhexine, 32 mg/day. In 21 patients (70%) there was a marked increase in tear secretion and in lysozyme content. In patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) good results in clarifying the mucoid eye discharge were obtained. A remarkable amelioration of xerostomia was also noted. Six other patients, serving as controls, were given a placebo and bromhexine. The placebo had no influence on the rate of tear secretion, while bromhexine caused it to increase in 70% of the controls. This side effects of bromhexine treatment encountered in the present study were negligible and transient. We consider bromhexine to be the drug of choice in the treatment of Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 7027874 TI - [The 1958-1977 contribution of the Annals of the Maria Vittoria Hospital of Turin to the history of medicine]. PMID- 7027875 TI - Further evolution of the grasping technique for tendon repair. AB - Refinement of the modified Kessler tendon-suturing technique is described. The lateral longitudinal limbs of the modified Kessler suture are shifted to a location adjacent to one another in the core of the tendon slightly palmar to the tendon's central axis. This does not compromise the immediate tensile strength of the repair, and eliminates compression of the central portion of the tendon between the two lateral longitudinal limbs of the suture. It also gives rotational freedom to the repair even after the suture is tied, allowing adjustment of the rotational alignment of the tendon ends. These effects are demonstrated using fresh human cadaver digital flexor tendons. PMID- 7027876 TI - Inflammation in a silicone-induced granuloma caused by a tuberculosis skin test. AB - We present a case report of a tuberculosis skin test causing a cellular immune type of response at both the injection site and at a distant site previously injected with liquid silicone. It is possible that the P.P.D. test is unrelated to the distant inflammation; initiated an antibody-mediated response; caused a specific cellular immune response; or caused a nonspecific cellular immune response. The most likely explanation is that it was a nonspecific cellular immune response. This report calls attention to the possibility to distant stimuli initiating episodes of inflammation at a site of liquid silicone injection. It may be that other agents that stimulate the cellular immune system are also responsible for causing inflammation at sites of silicone injection, and should therefore be avoided. PMID- 7027877 TI - Concepts of peripheral nerve repair. AB - Current nerve repair techniques are based on long history of animal experimentation and clinical experience. The complex anatomy of the peripheral nervous system is closely correlated with function and plays an important role in the nerve repair. Traumatic nerve injuries are classified according to experimental mechanism, anatomical injury, and clinicopathological response. The treatment of surgical disorders is based upon morphological and clinical criteria. The phases of recovery are correlated with useful function. The role that clinical factors other than nerve repair play in determining recovery is presented. The problems with clinical studies and the current expectation for successful recovery are discussed. PMID- 7027878 TI - The versatile anterior maxillary wall bone graft. PMID- 7027880 TI - Donor site dressings--yet another idea. PMID- 7027879 TI - Acute management of thermal injury. AB - The United States leads industrialized nations in per capita fire deaths. The most recent U.S. statistics are from 1978. Two hundred thousand burn and inhalation injuries, 70,000 hospitalizations, and 12,000 deaths occurred that year [56]. Burn care has traditionally been the general surgeon's responsibility. However, the interest and commitment of plastic and reconstructive surgeons has increased considerably over the past fifteen years. During this time, major advancements have occurred in five areas: assessment, resuscitation, control of burn wound sepsis, wound closure, and burn team management. PMID- 7027881 TI - A criticism of premeasured excision and surgical mathematics. PMID- 7027882 TI - Generalism and specialisation in surgery. PMID- 7027883 TI - The advantages of stay sutures with tracheostomy. AB - The use of stay sutures in tracheostomy is proposed. They can be of help during the performance of the operation and can be of even greater benefit after it. If the tube is displaced from the trachea in the early postoperative period traction on these sutures permits rapid reintubation. PMID- 7027884 TI - Ceremony of presentation of diplomates. Address. PMID- 7027885 TI - [Sequential Tc-99m gluconate scintigraphy following renal transplantation: clinical study in twenty-five cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027886 TI - [The vascular problems raised by acetabular loosening with intra-pelvic migration of the implant during total hip arthroplasty. Double and simultaneous approach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027887 TI - [Anaesthetic management in surgery of hyperthyroid patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027888 TI - [Paroxysmal tachycardia in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7027889 TI - Metoprolol in high renin hypertension. A comparison with propranolol. AB - The effects of two beta-adrenoceptor blockers, the beta1-selective metoprolol and the non-selective propranolol, was studied in high renin patients (n = 15) with very high pretreatment blood pressures. Ten of the patients had essential hypertension and five renal artery stenosis. From high blood pressure values after six weeks on placebo, there was a pronounced drop in both supine and standing blood pressures in both groups with a small to moderate dose of beta blocker, thus showing that the good blood pressure control in high renin patients is not connected to blockade of beta2-receptors or to the aetiology of the hypertension. In patients with essential hypertension who were treated with metoprolol, a significant positive correlation (r = 0.66, n = 10) was also found between the fall in blood pressure and the fall in plasma renin activity. Values for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) before and after treatment were unchanged throughout the whole spectrum of GFR from those values indicating substantially decreased kidney function up to normal values. PMID- 7027890 TI - Metoprolol and propranolol in the treatment of essential hypertension - a long term comparative study. AB - After a two-week run-in period on placebo, fifty-two patients with benign essential hypertension (WHO classes I or II) were treated with individually titrated doses of metoprolol or propranolol for 36 weeks. If blood pressure was not satisfactorily controlled by beta-blockers, a saluretic diuretic and, if necessary, hydralazine were added. Five patients on metoprolol and four on propranolol received such additional therapy. Fifty patients completed the trial. The final mean daily doses of metoprolol and propranolol were 327 mg and 282 mg, respectively. As the beta1-adrenoceptor-blocker potency of the drugs is 4:5 (i.e. 50 mg metoprolol corresponds to 40 mg propranolol in reducing exercise-induced tachycardia) the relative dose of metoprolol seemed to be slightly lower than that of propranolol. Compared to the values during the placebo period, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both the supine and standing position were significantly reduced in both groups after 12, 24 and 36 weeks' treatment with active drug. At the end of the treatment period, the mean reductions in supine blood pressure were 26/15 and 16/9 mm Hg in the metoprolol and propranolol groups, respectively. The reductions in supine diastolic and standing systolic blood pressures were significantly greater in the metoprolol than the propranolol group at this time. PMID- 7027891 TI - Metoprolol administered once daily in the treatment of hypertension. A double blind crossover comparison between conventional tablets and metoprolol Durules. AB - The effect of metoprolol, a beta1-selective receptor blocking agent without intrinsic stimulating activity, on blood pressure, pulse and plasma concentration 2 and 24 h after dose intake and on working capacity and perceived exertion 2 h after dose intake was investigated when given as 100 mg and 200 mg conventional tablets or 200 mg slow-release tablets (Durules) once daily, long-term, to 20 patients with primary (essential) hypertension. Metoprolol 100 mg and 200 mg once daily effectively lowers blood pressure over a 24-h period, and 200 mg Durules once daily gives beta-receptor blockade for 24 h. Peak plasma concentration 2 h after dose intake and individual variations in plasma concentrations are reduced on 200 mg Durules compared with 200 mg conventional tablets. Working capacity is not reduced, though perceived exertion and leg fatigue seem to be slightly increased with metoprolol, especially 200 mg conventional tablets. PMID- 7027892 TI - Comparative study of hydrochlorothiazide and a fixed combination of metoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide essential hypertension. AB - In a double-blind study comprising 31 patients with essential hypertension not satisfactorily controlled on hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg o.m., a fixed-ratio combination of metoprolol 100 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg, given as 2 tablets o.m. has been compared with hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg o.m. monotherapy. With the combination regimen a significant reduction of blood pressure was achieved while doubling of the thiazide dose did not adequately control the blood pressure. In 7 patients in the thiazide-group the therapy was changed to the combination during a follow-up period and their blood pressure was normalised. During the follow-up period, 22 patients were thus treated with the fixed combination; 50% of them were controlled on one tablet o.m. The tolerability was good in both groups and no changes were observed regarding laboratory variables except for an increase in serum uric acid in the thiazide-group. The study indicates that a fixed-ratio combination of hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg and metoprolol 100 mg in a dose of one or two tablets once daily is a well tolerated and more effective therapy than hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg once daily monotherapy. PMID- 7027893 TI - Antihypertensive effect and tolerability of two fixed combination of metoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide followed by a long-term tolerance study with one combination. AB - After a run-in period with metoprolol 100 mg b.i.d. 55 patients with essential hypertension grade WHO I and II were randomly allocated to a fixed combination of metoprolol 100 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg (group A) or 25 mg (group B) b.i.d for 12 weeks. Every fourth week blood pressure, heart rate and side effects were registered. After 12 weeks there was a significant fall in supine blood pressure from 172/105 mm Hg to 148/92 in group A and from 170/104 mm Hg to 152/96 in group B. Serum potassium fell significantly (from 4.4 to 4.0 mmol/l) in group B only. 4 patients had values between 3.5 and 3.2 mmol/l. Serum uric acid was unchanged in both groups. Side effects were few and mild to moderate in both groups but there was a tendency to more side effects in group B. After 6 months' follow-up, 51 patients on treatment with low dose combination showed no further change in blood pressure. 27 patients took part in an extended follow-up study to 15 months and 13 patients to 18 months. During the whole follow-up study there was no further change in blood pressure, laboratory values or side effects. The study has confirmed that a low dose of hydrochlorothiazide is as effective as a high dose when combined with metoprolol. Because of few side effects and good tolerability during long treatment we find that the low dose combination can be recommended in treatment of milk to moderate essential hypertension. PMID- 7027894 TI - A dose-response study on metoprolol in angina pectoris. AB - The effects of 50, 100 and 200 mg oral single doses of metoprolol were compared in 23 patients with stable angina pectoris, previously treated with 50 mg metoprolol t.i.d. Treatment was stopped for one week and during this week patients received 50, 100 or 200 mg metoprolol in a randomized order as a single dose, with 48 hours between doses. Exercise tests were performed on a bicycle ergometer 1.5 h after tablet intake. At rest, systolic blood pressure was the same on all three doses while the heart rate was lower after 200 mg than after 50 mg of metoprolol (57 and 54 beats/min, respectively; p less than 0.01). During exercise, mean heart rate at the highest comparable work load was 101, 95 and 89 beats/min on 50, 100 and 200 mg metoprolol, respectively (p less than 0.001 for differences between doses). Corresponding values for systolic blood pressure were 177, 177 and 168 mm Hg. Total work performed and time until onset of pain were significantly higher on 200 mg than on 100 mg (p less than 0.05) or 50 mg (p less than 0.05). In a follow-up study which comprised one month's treatment with 100 mg b.d. and one month on 200 mg b.d., the majority of patients preferred treatment with metoprolol 100 mg b.d. PMID- 7027895 TI - Clinical experience with intravenous metoprolol in supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. A multicentre study. AB - The efficacy of metoprolol, 5-15 mg i.v., in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias was evaluated in a multi-centre study involving 142 patients, 28 of whom had paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, 35 atrial flutter and 79 atrial fibrillation. A good control of heart rate (reduction of greater than or equal to 25% or to less than 100 beats/min) was obtained in 68% of the patients and a further 18% showed a reduction in heart rate of at least 10% or to less than or equal to 150 beats/min. Conversion to sinus rhythm occurred in 57% of the patients with paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. As would be expected, the conversion rate was lower in patients with atrial flutter or fibrillation (23% and 13%, respectively). The drug was well tolerated, and marked hypotension or hypotensive symptoms occurred mainly in patients with initial hypotension or congestive heart failure. The effects observed in this study are in agreement with previous reports for other beta-blocking agents. PMID- 7027896 TI - [Neuropharmacological regulation of pituitary hormones. Role of acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, histamine and endorphins (author's transl)]. AB - The secretion of pituitary hormones is controlled by hypothalamic hormones which are synthetized by neurosecreting cells whose activity is modulated by different neurotransmitters as dopamine and serotonin. Centrally acting drugs interfere with the activity of these neurotransmitters. Thus they may influence the secretion of pituitary hormones. Acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, histamine and endorphins seem also to influence the pituitary secretion. The endocrine effects of drugs (opiates, antiparkinson, antiepileptic, and antihistaminic agents) acting on these neurotransmitters is reviewed. PMID- 7027897 TI - A soil microbiologist's odyssey. PMID- 7027898 TI - Why microbial predators and parasites do not eliminate their prey and hosts. PMID- 7027899 TI - Nematodes: development as plant parasites. PMID- 7027900 TI - Genetics and regulation of nitrogen fixation. PMID- 7027901 TI - Genetic studies with bacterial protoplasts. PMID- 7027902 TI - The bacterial glycocalyx in nature and disease. PMID- 7027903 TI - The biology of hemotrophic bacteria. PMID- 7027904 TI - Selected topics in biological control. PMID- 7027905 TI - Host defense mechanisms at mucosal surfaces. PMID- 7027906 TI - Plasmids specifying plant hyperplasias. PMID- 7027907 TI - Immunobiology of dental caries: microbial aspects and local immunity. PMID- 7027908 TI - Interaction of bacteria and fungi with lectins and lectin-like substances. PMID- 7027909 TI - Geographic and ethnic distribution of genetic markers in India. 1. Haptoglobin and transferrin polymorphisms. AB - In the literature widely scattered Indian data on the gene frequencies of two polymorphic serum protein systems--haptoglobin (Hp) and transferrin (Tf)--have been compiled. In addition, the results of Hp and Tf typings on 111 individuals belonging to the caste groups of Brahmans (32), Rajputs (66), and Scheduled Caste (13) of Kausani of the Almora District, Uttar Pradesh (India) are presented. PMID- 7027910 TI - Pathology of Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 7027911 TI - Surgical treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 7027912 TI - Management of Kaposi's sarcoma. Chemotherapy I. PMID- 7027913 TI - [The journal "Antibiotiki" a quarter-century old]. PMID- 7027914 TI - [Relation of dysentery drug therapy to the development of antibiotic resistance in Shigella]. PMID- 7027915 TI - [Antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic strains of E. coli isolated from patients in the USSR and the People's Republic of Bulgaria]. AB - The MIC of benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, ceporin, streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, rondomycin, rifampicin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, orafuran, furacin and furazolidon with respect to E. coli strains isolated from urological patients were determined and compared with those isolated from patients with other localization of inflammatory processes and the feces of healthy persons. It was shown that the strains isolated from the urine of the urological patients were characterized by higher levels of the drug resistance and as a rule were polyresistant. The bacterial resistance was due to the presence of conjugative R plasmids in 26-32 per cent of the cases and nonconjugative R plasmids in 37-38 per cent of the cases. The total number of the cultures with the drug resistance controlled by the plasmid markers amounted to 64-69 per cent. Ceporin, gentamicin, and furacin had the highest inhibitory effect. PMID- 7027916 TI - [On the centenary of the birth of Alexander Fleming]. PMID- 7027917 TI - [Identification and the physicochemical characteristics of the extrachromosomal DNA from a Streptomyces antibioticus strain]. AB - The data on centrifugation of DNA in the density gradient of caesium chloride ethidium bromide, electron microscopy and electrophoresis of the DNA restricts from the satellite gradient band indicate that Str. antibioticus, the oleandomycin-producing organism possessed extrachromosomal cyclic DNA with the molecular weight of 21.3. 10(6) +/- +/- 0.3 10(6) daltons. The extrachromosomal cyclic DNA had 7 identification sites for endonuclease BamHI, 5 sites for PstI, 12 sites for PvuII, more than 14 sites for SmaI and non for endonucleases Eco RI and HindIII. PMID- 7027918 TI - [Group of derepressed pKMR plasmids found in wild strains of Shigella]. AB - A group of derepressed (drd) R plasmids was identified in 3 clinical isolates of Shigella, i. e. Sh. flexneri 1b, Sh. flexneri 3c and Sh. sonnei resistant to ampicillin (Ap), streptomycin (Sm), tetracycline (Tc), chloramphenicol (Cm), kanamycin (Km) and sulfathiazole (Su). The plasmids were designated as pKMR 202-2 (Sm, Tc, Cm, Km, Su), pKMR 203-3 (Ap, Tc, Cm, Su), pKMR 204--2 (Sm, Km, Su), pKMR 204-3 (Ap, Sm, Cm, Km, Su), pKMR 204-4 (Ap, Sm, Km, Su), pKMR 204-5 (Km, Su), pKMR 204-6 (Ap, Sm, Tc, Cm, Km, Su) and pKMR 204-7 (Sm, Tc, Cm, Km, Su). All of the plasmids were transferred with the R- -cells of E. coli in 5 minutes at a frequency of 2 . 10(-6) to 4 . 10(-5) and had the Fi+ phenotype. None of them except pKMR 203-2 transferred sensitivity to F- donor-specific phages (f2 and Q beta) to the E. coli cells. The plasmids had neither capacity for maintaining multiplication of phages Ike and PR4 possessing the donor-specific properties with respect to the Inc N-, Inc P- and Inc W-plasmids. Therefore, the pKMR plasmids do not belong to these incompatibility groups. It should be noted that several plasmid variants (2--6) were isolated from every of the Shigella strains studied. Since they were stable in the cells and could be transferred separately on conjugation it was concluded that each combination was presented by the R factors belonging to different Inc-groups. PMID- 7027919 TI - [Therapeutic action of proteolytic enzymes and antibiotics in experimental staphylococcal infection. The effect of lincomycin, chymotrypsin and their combinations on the level of autoplaque-forming cells in the blood and the immune adherence reaction of staphylococci]. AB - The effect of lincomycin, chymotrypsin and their combination on the blood count of the plaque-autoforming cells (PAFC) and immune adhesion (IA) of staphylococci was studied on mice with staphylococcal infection. The infected mice were divided into 4 groups: nontreated, lincomycin treated, chymotrypsin treated, and lincomycin + chymotrypsin treated. The doses of lincomycin and chymotrypsin were 150 and 2 mg/kg, respectively. The mice were decapitated by the 3rd, 7th, 14th or 21st day of the infection and treatment and the blood was collected for the count of the PAFC and IA. A decrease in the rate of IA with a simultaneous increase in the PAFC count was found in the untreated mice and the mice treated with lincomycin alone. The use of chymotrypsin and its combination with lincomycin stimulated IA and lowered the level of autosensibilization. PMID- 7027920 TI - [Rifampicin (benemycin) treatment of salmonellosis in nursing infants]. AB - The efficacy of rifampicin (benemycin) in combined therapy of salmonellosis in 145 infants, including 25 newborns was studied. The data indicated that it was highly effective and superior to the other drugs, such as levomycetin, polymyxin, ampicillin and furazolidone, widely used at present for the treatment of salmonellosis in children. The efficacy of rifampicin was due to the high sensitivity to it of various Salmonella strains, including polyresistant strains of S. typhimurium, as well as the peculiar characteristics of its pharmacokinetics, i. e. the ability for rapid absorption into the blood, the effect on the bacteria located in the cells and excretion with bile. When used orally or rectally in a daily dose of 15--20 mg per 1 kg bw for a short-term treatment course rifampicin induced no side effects or allergic reactions. It is concluded that rifampicin (benemycin) may be used as a valuable reserve drug for the treatment of the severe forms of salmonellosis caused by polyresistant strains of S. typhimurium in infants and newborns. It is not advisable to use the drug for the treatment of children with moderate and nonsevere forms of salmonellosis since it may be the cause of the development of resistance to it in Salmonella. PMID- 7027921 TI - Synergism, killing kinetics, and antimicrobial susceptibility of group A and B streptococci. AB - The susceptibility of 110 group A and 179 group B streptococci to 25 antimicrobics was tested by broth microdilution and agar disk diffusion tests. Representative strains were used in killing kinetics, penicillin-gentamicin synergy, and minimal bactericidal concentration tests. Group A streptococci were more susceptible than group B streptococci to 17 of the 25 antimicrobics tested. Group A and B streptococci were killed at the same rate if the amount of penicillin used was equivalent to their respective penicillin minimal inhibitory concentrations. Synergism was demonstrated for both group A and B streptococci when penicillin was used at concentrations equal to each respective minimal inhibitory concentration and subinhibitory concentration of gentamicin. This synergy could be demonstrated best using minimal bactericidal concentrations obtained by culturing 3- and 6-h cultures from the microdilution checkerboard tests rather than from 24-h subcultures. A greater synergistic effect was achieved by adding penicillin first and then adding gentamicin rather than in the reverse order, or simultaneously. PMID- 7027922 TI - Hypersusceptibility of penicillin-treated group B streptococci to bactericidal activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Pretreatment of serotype Ib group B streptococci with benzylpenicillin, other beta-lactam antibiotics, or vancomycin increased the susceptibility of these bacteria to the bactericidal activity of a mixture of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and normal human serum. Increased susceptibility of the bacteria to killing by phagocytes was elicited even by exposure to subinhibitory levels of the beta-lactam antibiotics. Inhibitors of protein synthesis did not induce such susceptibility. We investigated the possible biochemical basis of penicillin induced susceptibility to phagocytosis. Penicillin treatment induced the release of substantial quantities of group B streptococcal surface components into the growth medium (lipoteichoic acid, lipid, and capsular polysaccharide). Labeling of the live streptococci with 3H-labeled penicillin was used to evaluate the effect of exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of this antibiotic on the penicillin-binding proteins. Our results suggested that beta-lactam antibiotics and components of the immune system may act in concert to eliminate invading bacteria. PMID- 7027923 TI - Bacteriological aspects of selective decontamination of the digestive tract as a method of infection prevention in granulocytopenic patients. AB - We describe the bacteriological results of a controlled clinical trial of selective decontamination of the digestive tract as a method of infection prevention in granulocytopenic patients. Selective elimination of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae species was accomplished by the oral administration of nalidixic acid, co-trimoxazole, or polymyxin. Yeasts were eliminated selectively by amphotericin B or nystatin treatment. The drugs used in this study were chosen because of their capacities to selectively eliminate gram negative rods and yeast without affecting the anaerobic part of the gut flora which is responsible for colonization resistance. Compared with the control group, the selectively decontaminated patients had significantly fewer (P less than 0.0005) gram-negative rods or yeasts or both in their throat swab cultures and in their feces. This reduction may explain the clinical effectiveness of selective decontamination. PMID- 7027924 TI - Chemoprophylaxis with cefoxitin and cephalothin in orthopedic surgery: a comparison. AB - Forty-eight patients who underwent elective hip or knee surgery were randomly divided into two groups. A total of 22 patients received a single 1-g preoperative bolus of cefoxitin, and 26 patients received a single 1-g preoperative dose of cephalothin. At various time intervals, serum and bone samples were taken during the operative procedure. Our data indicated that whereas serum levels of cefoxitin and cephalothin were maintained for at least 2h at levels capable of inhibiting most gram-positive cocci and many gram-negative rods, bone levels of cefoxitin rather rapid decay over a 2-h period. Moreover, in only 58% of the entire cephalothin-treated group were bone levels detectable and then only at a concentration that would inhibited gram-positive cocci. No significant morbidity was observed in either treatment group. PMID- 7027925 TI - Treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections with trimethoprim versus sulfisoxazole, with special reference to antibody-coated bacteria and fecal flora. AB - A total of 331 college-age women with urinary tract infections were studied. These women were assigned randomly to the following groups: 50 patients treated with 400 mg of trimethoprim (TMP) per day for 14 days (designated the TMP400/14d group); 50 treated with 2.0 g of sulfisoxazole (SZ) per day for 14 days (SZ/14d group); 120 treated with 200 mg of TMP per day for 10 days (TMP200/10d group); and 111 treated with 2.0 g of SZ per day for 10 days (SZ/10d group). By the last day of therapy, clinical and bacteriological cure rates were 100% in the TMP400/14d, SZ/14d, and TMP200/10d groups and 97.1% in SZ/10d group. At 1 week after therapy ended, the initial urinary pathogens remained eradicated in 100% of the TMP400/14d group, 98.2% of the TMP200/10d group, 95.6% of the SZ/14d group, and 98.0% of the SZ/10d group at 4 weeks after therapy ended, the clinical cure rates were 92.0% in the TMP400/14d group, 92.0% in the SZ/14d group, 89.0% in the TMP200/10d group, and 90.0% in the SZ/10d group. At 4 and 24 weeks after therapy ended, the recurrence rates in the four treatment groups did not differ significantly. The antibody-coated bacteria test localized 39.5% of the infections to kidneys and 56.8% of the infections to bladders. Neither symptoms nor responses to therapy were correlated with the antibody-coated bacteria test results. Both TMP at a dose of 200 mg/day and SZ were tolerated well. TMP at a dose of 400 mg/day was associated with a skin rash in 24% of the patients receiving this therapy. TMP suppressed fecal Escherichia coli. SZ increased the number of sulfa-resistant fecal isolates; however, this phenomenon did not affect the rate of sulfa-resistant recurrences. PMID- 7027926 TI - Physiological properties of penicillin-binding proteins in group A streptococci. AB - We detected five major penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in group A streptococci by labeling either cell membrane preparations or live bacteria with tritiated penicillin. All PBPs appeared to be equally accessible to penicillin in vitro and in vivo. Individual PBPs differed in their rates of deacylation, and four of the five PBPs underwent rapid inactivation both in vivo and in vitro. At least two processes seemed to contribute to in vivo inactivation; these were (i) a penicillin-induced release of all five PBPs into the growth medium and (ii) degradation, as evidenced by the appearance of penicillin-labeled protein band of lower molecular weight and also by a gradual increase in material migrating with the same electrophoretic mobility as PBP 3. Inactivation of the PBPs was stimulated greatly by pretreatment of bacteria with gentamicin, cerulenin, or Triton X-100, whereas chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and lincomycin treatments had no such effect. PMID- 7027927 TI - Murein synthesis and beta-lactam antibiotic susceptibility during rod-to-sphere transition in a pbpA(Ts) mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - The conditional morphology mutant of Escherichia coli SP45 grows as a rod at 30 degrees C and assumes a spherical shape after 90 min of incubation at 42 degrees C. The rod-to-sphere morphological transition has been found to be associated with the disappearance of penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP-2), the progressive reduction (as much as 50%) of murein synthesis, as measured both in intact cells and ether-permeabilized bacteria, and alterations in the structure of the cell envelope, including detachment of the outer membrane from the underlying structures. The detachment was initially localized at the poles of the cells and then spread over the entire surface. Shape transition was also linked to increased susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics which preferentially bound to PBP-1A (cephalothin, cephaloridine) or to PBP-3 (furazlocillin, piperacillin). Treatment with beta-lactams possessing a high affinity for PBP-1A, although inducing a low degree of peptidoglycan synthesis inhibition (5 to 10%), was associated with a marked loss of cell viability and massive lysis. On the other hand, the simultaneous absence of PBP-2 and inhibition of PBP-3 causes a significant reduction of peptidoglycan synthesis, yet only slightly affected cell viability. Whereas PBP-1A inhibition during shape transition had no effect on morphology, addition of antibiotics binding to PBP-3 30 min after the temperature shift-up caused formation of elongated cells with a centrally located bulge, not observed in similarly treated cells grown at 30 degrees C. Inhibition of PBP-3 in round cells 90 min after temperature shift caused formation of giant cells, indicating complete loss of elongation ability. The different effects of the simultaneous inhibition of two PBPs, combining mutational loss with specific binding in vivo of another PBP by beta-lactams, provide new insight into the role of these proteins and the killing mechanisms of this class of antibiotics. PMID- 7027928 TI - Stereotactic fields of Forel interruption for intractable epilepsy. AB - Bilateral stereotactic fields of Forel surgery was carried out in 6 adults with chronic intractable epilepsy associated with multifocal EEG abnormalities. During an average 40 months follow-up, a significant reduction in the frequency of generalized tonic-clonic seizures was noted in 4 patients. Complex partial seizures in 3 patients and akinetic-myoclonic seizures in 1 did not respond to surgery. Neuropsychological testing revealed a mild to moderate postoperative cognitive decline in 4 patients. Fields of Forel surgery, while partially effective in generalized tonic clonic seizures, appears justified only in patients with such severe preexisting cognitive deficits, that the benefits of seizure control definitely outweight the risk of further cognitive decline. PMID- 7027929 TI - Multitarget technique in Parkinson surgery. AB - In the past 10 years, experience has been gained with combined VL-thalamotomy, pallidotomy and dentatomy using chronically implanted electrodes in Parkinson's disease. In the vast majority of cases, symptoms ceased surprisingly for 10-14 days just after stereotactic exploration of these motor centers. Clinical neurophysiological investigations (evoked responses, motor effects) show where consecutive lesions will be permanently effective at definitive coagulation. The physiological basis of these findings are discussed and a sophisticated therapeutic protocol is advised. PMID- 7027930 TI - Stereotactic hypophysectomy for intractable pain secondary to metastatic prostate carcinoma. AB - Stereotactic radiofrequency transfrontal hypophysectomy was carried out in 7 patients with osseous metastasis from prostatic carcinoma resulting in intractable pain. 86% experienced significant pain relief with 5 of 7 demonstrating marked decrease in medication requirement and improved level of function. The procedure was done under local anesthesia only with no mortality and minimal morbidity. Total destruction of the pituitary gland and the development of diabetes insipidus were shown not to be necessary conditions for pain relief. PMID- 7027931 TI - VOI thalamotomy in spasmodic torticollis. AB - We performed stereotactic VOI thalamotomy as the only surgical treatment in spasmodic torticollis in 17 patients since 1972. The patients selected for surgery mainly presented horizontal torticollis. All the patients improved after unilateral thalamotomy. In most cases there was a delay in improvement varying from 3 months to 2-3 years postoperatively. The severity of the psychic disturbances present in most patients at the time of onset of their torticollis did not have any relevance to their final outcome after surgery. PMID- 7027932 TI - CT localization of stereotactic surgery. AB - A stereotactic system is described. It is built around a baseplate which is fastened to the head of the patient and to various diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. In principle this system can function as an interface between most diagnostic (CT scanners, PET scanners, conventional X-ray instrumentation for angiograms and pneumoencephalograms) and therapeutic (stereotactic instruments, linear accelerators) instruments. It has been in practical use since 1976 and used in a number of 'diagnostic-therapeutic' combinations. PMID- 7027933 TI - Technical and clinical aspects of CT-directed stereotaxis. AB - A system has been developed for using computed tomography to direct stereotactic neurosurgical procedures. This system operates with many commercially available CT body scanners and does not require any modification to be made to either the scanner or its computer software. The use of this system does not require rigid fixation of the patient to the scanner nor meticulous patient positioning in the scanner. PMID- 7027934 TI - Computerized tomography guided stereotaxis: a new approach. PMID- 7027935 TI - A fully interfaced computerized tomographic-stereotactic surgical system. AB - A fully interfaced computerized tomographic system has been designed and constructed. A prototype Philips Medical Systems Inc. translate-rotate body scanner has been modified to accommodate a specially designed head holder and stereotactic guide. A high resolution partial scanning algorithm is used to achieve improved spatial resolution in comparison to conventional algorithms. Integration of scanning data with the geometry of the guide system is achieved with software control. PMID- 7027936 TI - A computerized microstereotactic method to approach, 3-dimensionally reconstruct, remove and adjuvantly treat small CNS lesions. AB - The authors update a novel method recently utilized in humans with various CNS pathology for stereotactic localization, removal, and adjuvant therapy of small CNS lesions using additional computer processing of the date from a GE 8800 CT Scanner. Multiple computer algorithms developed at Cal Tech enhance regions of interest by filtering, magnifying, color-coding and 3-dimensional reconstruction based on routine CT scans. This stereotactic approach is calculated by the computer and coordinates are mated to a modified head fixation system; small lesions can be removed with the apparatus described herein under direct binocular vision with minimal tissue damage. This technique may offer the possibility of successful secondary application of adjuvant therapy to, particularly, a CNS glioma site. PMID- 7027937 TI - Stereotactic CT scan and its correlation with the neural activity of deep structures. AB - An attempt has been made to visualize beforehand a brain section through which an electrode would pass to reach the target point in stereotactic thalamotomy for the treatment of tremor. On the basis of several craniometric measurements of a plain craniogram (lateral view), the level of the intercommissural line could be approximately estimated and a tentative target point set on the craniogram. Then, a line is drawn to connect this target point and the bregma. Extrapolating this line, an angle between the Reid baseline and this line could be measured in order to transfer the line to the scalp. With the aid of a GE scanner (GE-CT/T-X2), several 5-mm thick sections are made parallel to this line including the tentative target point. Among these images of CT scan thus made, referring to the foramen of Monro and the aqueduct (either of which might be visualized) one of the sections would be chosen as a tentative plane through which the electrode would pass. On the operation day, a burr hole should be made on or near the line used for CT scanning and drawn on the scalp, so the electrode tract will coincide with the CT scan image. GE scan images are clear enough to estimate the range of gray matter, white matter, caudate nucleus and thalamus. The neural activities of the deep structures recorded during the operation by stepping displacement of the electrode are correlated with this CT scan image. So far, the coincidence of both findings are satisfactory and of great value in this kind of blind operation. PMID- 7027938 TI - Stereotactic biopsy in acoustic tumors. AB - 5 cases of tumors of the cerebellopontine angle were subjected to stereotactic puncture and biopsy for various reasons (preoperative differential diagnostic difficulties, cyst evacuation, evaluation of the effect of stereotactic radiosurgery). Material for cytology was aspirated in all 5 cases; in addition, a spiral biopsy was obtained in 2. The specimens enabled a satisfactory morphological judgement in 4 cases, while in 1 case the emptying of a cyst did not provide adequate material. No untoward effects were observed. PMID- 7027939 TI - Stereotactic treatment of brain lesions. Biopsy, interstitial radiotherapy (iridium-192 and iodine-125) and drainage procedures. AB - Integrating CT imaging techniques into stereotactic procedures makes it easy to puncture cysts, take biopsies from neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions, and place radioactive material in tumors at exact and reproducible sites. A stereotactic program of interstitial radiotherapy in deep-seated brain tumors has been applied in 326 cases as of December 31, 1979 (270 cases using iridium-192 and 56 cases using iodine-125). The use of iodine-125 is now favored since it requires less radiation protection due to its soft 28-35 keV radiation; at the same time, however, it possesses a comparable half life of 60 days. In 126 cases, stereotactic biopsy was used exclusively for diagnostic purposes followed by open craniotomy or conventional radiation. Cystic brain tumors (i.e., craniopharyngiomas and cystic low grade gliomas) were permanently drained by insertion of Rickham reservoir catheters in 61 cases. Stereotactic ventriculocisternostomies were carried out in cases of hydrocephalus and drainage of suprasellar arachnoid cysts was performed in 15 cases. A simple method of projecting CT images onto stereotactic X-ray pictures provides an exact mapping of lesions within the actual stereotactic brain space. The results of this series of patients strongly suggest that exploratory craniotomies and free-hand punctures can no longer be advocated. No radiation treatment should be considered without histological confirmation. The more clearly the volume of a tumor can be defined, the more favorable the results of interstitial irradiation in otherwise unresectable tumors. PMID- 7027940 TI - Stereotactic aspiration of deep cerebral abscesses after CT-directed labeling. AB - Multiple, deep cerebral abscesses were treated in 2 patients by stereotactic aspiration after CT-guided needle labeling of single cavities. Separation of labeling from stereotactic manipulations avoids CT artifact generated by standard frame components; the technique will, therefore, accommodate most stereotactic instruments in current use. Alignment of CT and stereotactic coordinates hinged upon coidentification of the Pantopaque-labeled cavity on CT scans and on routine skull films with the stereotactic frame in place. Proximity of the label to targets eliminated the need for special head fixation or complex baseline correction. PMID- 7027941 TI - A method for stereotactic laser microsurgery in the treatment of deep-seated CNS neoplasms. AB - Intracranial tumors are reconstructed in stereotactic space by means of computerized axial tomographic data. The intracranial tumor is operated on with the patient in the stereotactic frame using a carbon dioxide laser to approach the lesion and vaporize it. Ultimately, a gas-filled cavity results which can be monitored on AP and lateral radiographs. Vaporization continues until the cavity produced is superimposable on the coronal and sagittal CT reconstruction. 2 cases treated by this method are presented. PMID- 7027942 TI - DNA distribution in various parts of malignant gliomas assayed on stereotactic biopsies. AB - The study concerns the relation between the computerized tomogram, histopathology and DNA distribution in gliomas. The investigation was performed on stereotactic biopsies, which enabled the comparison to be made on a point-to-point basis. No clear-cut relation was found between histopathological grading and DNA distribution. In 1 patient diploid and aneuploid tissue was found in different parts of the tumor. In this case the difference in ploidy was mirrored by differences in histopathological grading and gross morphology as indicated by the CT scan. PMID- 7027943 TI - Importance of microstereoencephalotomy for tremor alleviation. AB - Application of the microelectrode technique in human stereotactic surgery, which is especially important for tremor control, is now routine for the procedure in our surgical theater. Neurons responsible for tremor generation can very delicately and exactly be identified within the ventralis intermedius nucleus (Vim) of the thalamus, which automatically determines the location of the minimum required thermocoagulation lesion to abolish tremor. Neurons with rhythmic burst discharges, which are synchronus in phase to the peripheral tremor, are organized in delicate somatotopic fashion within the Vim. Electrical stimulation of the neuron area through this microelectrode usually inhibits tremor of the corresponding area and a small thermocoagulation lesion, usually 3 mm in diameter, permanently abolishes tremor. These three findings, i.e., existence of rhythmic bursts, effect of the stimulation and surgical lesion, are the same in parkinsonian tremor, postural tremor and intention tremor. Physiological interpretation of different types of tremor will be proposed. In the cases of idiopathic neck tremor, a single Vim neuron corresponded to four neck muscles, i.e., bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) and bilateral posterior neck muscles, and most markedly to the controlateral posterior neck muscle and the ipsilateral SCM. Instrumentation of microstereoencephalotomy is also explained. PMID- 7027944 TI - Long term cognitive effects of stereotactic thalamotomy on non-parkinsonian dyskinetic patients. AB - Pre- and postoperative neuropsychological evaluation focusing on processing, memory, attentional and emotional deficits was performed on 10 non-parkinsonian dyskinetic patients undergoing single radiofrequency ventralateral (VL) unilateral thalamotomy. Patients carried a diagnosis of either familial tremor or multiple sclerosis and it was found that only in the cases of familial tremor was there no residual loss on long-term evaluation with consistent improvement postoperatively. PMID- 7027945 TI - Microelectrode recording for the somatotopic placement of stereotactic thalamic lesions in the treatment of parkinsonian and cerebellar intention tremor. AB - Patients with parkinsonian tremor and rigidity and cerebellar intention tremor can be effectively treated with thalamic lesions provided that an accurate neurophysiologic method is employed to compensate for individual spatial variability of subcortical structures. The method described employs a technique of microelectrode recording in which the homuncular organization in ventralis posterior is explored and gives information as to the ideal laterality of lateral thalamic nuclear mass lesions for the treatment of tremor. This procedure has been used in 11 patients, 9 with Parkinson's disease and 2 with cerebellar intention tremor with good results and no complications to date. PMID- 7027946 TI - Proceedings of the meeting of the American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. Houston, Tex., June 4-7, 1980. PMID- 7027947 TI - Stereotactic evacuation of large intracerebral hematoma. AB - Despite the declining incidence of strokes, statistics regarding intracerebral hemorrhage indicate a relatively stable incidence in this form of cerebral insult over the past 20 years. Intracerebral hemorrhage accounts for 10% of all strokes, and is fatal to 50-60% of its victims. Until the advent of computer-assisted tomography, surgical intervention offered little benefit to patients suffering primary hemorrhage within the deep gray structures of the cerebral hemispheres. Technical advances in both diagnostic and therapeutic instrumentation now permit stereotactic subtotal evacuation of deep intracerebral hematomas. PMID- 7027948 TI - Stereotactic neurosurgery in experimental animals. Use of intracerebral landmarks and an atlas of the cat brain. AB - A stereotactic method, based on the correlation of intracerebral radiological and anatomical landmarks, was developed for application in experimental animals. To make possible the use of this method, particularly in the cat, a stereotactic atlas was developed with an intracerebral coordinate system, as all currently available stereotactic atlases of experimental animals are based on extracranial landmarks. Advantages of the proposed method compared to the classical Horsley Clarke method are discussed. PMID- 7027950 TI - Annual Meetings of the Japanese Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. Abstracts. PMID- 7027949 TI - Experimental studies on therapeutic effect of electrical stimulation of the brain on muscular hypertonus. AB - Possible effective sites in the central nervous system for therapeutic electrical stimulation in muscular hypertonus are presented. The tonic vibration reflex (TVR) was used as a suitable model of a hypertonic muscular mechanism. Using cats, vibration of 225 Hz was applied to the tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. During TVR, stimuli of 200 Hz were applied at various sites within the brain. Results showed that stimulation of the contralateral precruciate cortex, the medial part of the internal capsule, the ventralis anterior nucleus of the thalamus, and the ipsilateral anterior lobe of the cerebellum produced an intense inhibitory effect on TVR, but no significant effect by stimulation alone. Therefore, it is suggested that stimulation of these structures should be suitable for clinical application. PMID- 7027951 TI - Quantification and documentation of changes produced by spinal cord stimulation. AB - In spastic patients suffering from spastic paresis on one side the degree of spasticity on the background of isometric innervation was investigated with a new self-constructed torque motor. It offers the opportunity to analyze how external forces can be compensated automatically by reflex or reaction. In spastic patients M1, M2 and M3 were compared with the responses of the nonaffected normal side as a control. The effects of diazepam and baclofen are analyzed with this new technique. PMID- 7027952 TI - Fermentation by the human large intestine microbial community in an in vitro semicontinuous culture system. AB - A semicontinuous culture of the microbial community of the human large intestine that was maintained over 81 days is described. The initial inoculum was feces, and about 200 ml of nutrient suspension was fed to 500 ml of fermentor contents once or twice daily. The nutrient suspension contained comminuted fibrous food, sodium deoxycholate, urea, acid-hydrolyzed casein, vitamins, and salts. The fermentation was monitored, and the major products were acetate, propionate, butyrate, methane, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. The concentration of anaerobic bacteria was 2 X 10(9) per ml of culture contents and was 100 times that of fecal coliforms. When the nutrient suspension contained lettuce, celery, carrots, and unsweetened applesauce, the predominant nonsporeforming anaerobes isolated were Bacteroides species. When carrots and applesauce were omitted, the predominant nonsporeforming isolates were Fusobacterium species. On both diets, clostridia were isolated that resembled Clostridium clostridiiforme. The fermentation and bacteriological analyses indicated that the in vitro ecosystem appears to be a reasonable facsimile of the large intestine ecosystem. PMID- 7027953 TI - Coliform inhibition by bacteriocin-like substances in drinking water distribution systems. AB - Bacterial isolates from an unchlorinated potable groundwater system and a chlorinated surface water system were screened by an agar overlay method for the ability to produce bacteriocin-like substances (BLS) inhibitory to the growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., and Enterobacter aerogenes. The production of coliform-specific BLS by noncoliform bacteria varied with the site and date of isolation as well as the genus of the producer strain. A total of 448 bacterial isolates were screened from the chlorinated system, and 22.1% produced BLS specific for at least one of the three coliforms. In the unchlorinated system, 7.9% (n = 696) possessed this ability. Flavobacterium/Moraxella comprised 57.1% of all bacteria (from both systems) producing BLS. The possibility that BLS interfere with coliform detection in standard bacteriological water quality tests is discussed. PMID- 7027954 TI - Influence of indigenous microbiota on amount of protein and activities of alkaline phosphatase and disaccharidases in extracts of intestinal mucosa in mice. AB - The protein content and the activities of alkaline phosphatase, maltase, and sucrase were measured at 0800, 1000, 1200, 1400, and 1600 in saline extracts of the proximal small bowels of germfree and of ex-germfree mice colonized with an indigenous microbiota. In extracts prepared from germfree mice, the total activities of all of the enzymes were relatively constant throughout the sampling period. Likewise, the total activity of alkaline phosphatase in extracts prepared from associated mice varied little as a function of time. By contrast, the total activities of maltase and sucrase in the extracts from these latter animals varied significantly from sample to sample. The total activity levels in extracts from germfree mice were approximately twofold greater than the levels in extracts from associated mice. The specific activities of alkaline phosphatase and sucrase did not vary from sample to sample in extracts prepared from either type of mouse. In contrast, the specific activity of maltase in extracts prepared from both germfree and associated mice differed significantly from sample to sample. The specific activities of all three enzymes were greater in extracts from germfree animals than in those from associated animals. The protein content of extracts prepared from germfree mice also was greater than that of extracts prepared from associated animals at every sampling time. The amount of protein extractable from the mucosa of the small bowels of the former animals varied significantly at different sampling times during the day, whereas the amount of protein extractable from the tracts of associated animals remained relatively constant throughout the day. The indigenous microbiota apparently stabilizes in some way the amount of protein extractable from the mucosa of the mouse small bowel. PMID- 7027955 TI - Antimicrobial resistance transfer in transport media. AB - Five different transport media (buffered glycerol saline, Amies, Cary and Blair, Stuart, and modified Stuart) were tested to determine if antimicrobial resistance transfer could occur among bacteria in the media. Transfer of resistance occurred in all of the media, except buffered glycerol saline, within 2 h of holding both at room temperature and 4 degrees C. PMID- 7027956 TI - Kidney brush border membrane maltase: purification and properties. PMID- 7027957 TI - Stimulation of the transfer reaction of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases by cations. PMID- 7027958 TI - Effect of acetate on glucose utilization by isolated rat thymocytes. PMID- 7027959 TI - Pathway of galactitol catabolism in Klebsiella pneumoniae: oxidation of L galactitol-1-phosphate by a NAD-specific dehydrogenase. PMID- 7027960 TI - The effect of pH on the structure and activity of yeast RNA polymerase I. PMID- 7027961 TI - Purification and properties of dipeptidyl peptidase IV from Streptococcus mitis ATCC 9811. PMID- 7027962 TI - Protein turnover in chemostat cultures of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7027963 TI - The mechanism of synthesis of the polysaccharide part of mannan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7027964 TI - Falsely normal direct immunofluorescent microscopic fundings in bullous impetigo. PMID- 7027965 TI - Surgical treatment of familial benign chronic pemphigus. AB - Familial benign chronic pemphigus (Hailey and Hailey disease) is a rare, recalcitrant, often disabling genodermatosis that may not respond to conservative dermatologic therapy. We describe herein five patients with intertriginous familial benign chronic pemphigus who underwent excision and split-thickness skin grafting. All were men whose duration of disease ranged from one to 38 years. Follow-up evaluations ranging from ten months to nine years revealed no recurrence in graft sites in three patients, mild recurrence in one patient after eight years, and one death from pulmonary embolus in the postoperative period. The occurrence of familial benign chronic pemphigus around graft edges was a universal, but relatively minor, problem. Surgical excision provided definite relief from an otherwise disabling disease in four of our patients and a satisfactory improvement in life-style. PMID- 7027966 TI - Pemphigus vulgaris. Superior sensitivity of monkey esophagus in the determination of pemphigus antibody. AB - This study demonstrates that monkey esophagus is a more sensitive substrate than guinea pig esophagus for the demonstration of serum antibodies, in patients with pemphigus vulgaris. In this study, for example, five patients with active pemphigus who had demonstrable pemphigus antibodies on monkey esophagus substrate failed to demonstrate pemphigus antibody activity when guinea pig esophagus was employed as a substrate. Furthermore, pemphigus antibody titers determined on monkey esophagus substrate frequently exceeded, by several dilutions, titers detected with guinea pig esophagus. By contrast, in no instance did we detect pemphigus antibody titer activity on guinea pig esophagus in excess of the pemphigus antibody activity detected on monkey esophagus. The reason for the disparity in the sensitivity of the guinea pig and monkey esophagus substrates is unknown. PMID- 7027967 TI - Vesicobullous dermatosis with linear deposition of IgA in a black child. PMID- 7027968 TI - [Immature gastric ganglioneuroma]. PMID- 7027969 TI - [Rare localization of so-called "external endometriosis" (intestinal, inguinal umbilical, cicatricial)]. PMID- 7027970 TI - [The G syndrome: description of a case/and familial studies]. PMID- 7027971 TI - [So-called Castleman's benign lymphoma. Original case of hyalino-vascular histological type, including immunological tests]. PMID- 7027972 TI - [Brenner tumor of the broad ligament]. PMID- 7027973 TI - [Tumors of the lips]. PMID- 7027974 TI - Survival of children with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7027975 TI - [Rubella epidemic of 1977 in Turin. Virological studies]. AB - During the outbreak of rubella in Turin in 1977, 1,041 newborns, whose mother's pregnancy coincided with the epidemic, were studied for the elimination of rubella virus through inoculation in primary cultures of African green monkey kidney cells. Additional 10 embryos or fetuses of therapeutic abortion from women with rubella early in pregnancy were studied through cultivation of material of abortion and inoculation in monkey cells. Only one strain was isolated, from the placenta of an embryo whose mother suffered rubella in the 2nd month of pregnancy. The hypothesis is proposed of a particularly benignity, from a teratogenic point of view, of the virus involved in the outbreak. PMID- 7027976 TI - [HBsAg frequency in asymptomatic heroin users living in Milan (author's transl)]. AB - 185 asymptomatic heroin addicts in whom the incidence of positivity as for HBsAg was 9.1%, were examined. From the anamnesis, these carriers has a higher frequency of icteric events in comparison with patient controls, while they did not show differences in distribution according to age, duration of the toxicomania and regional origin of the family. 38 heroin addicts were alcoholics too: 6/38 were HBs carriers, whereas 11/147 non alcoholic were carriers. The group of HBsAg positive addicts showed an analogous alteration of the transaminase levels as regards the patient controls, while the incidence of hypoalbuminemia and hypergammaglobulinemia was higher. In consideration of these results, the possible responsibility of toxic factors (alcohol) and alterations of the immune reactivity as to the prolonged permanence of HBsAg in circle is discussed. PMID- 7027977 TI - [Comparison of the MPN method and direct counting on specific selective media for bacteriological examination of surface and waste waters]. AB - A tentative procedure, with solid plated selective-differential media, for enumeration of total and fecal coliforms and enterococci in surface and waste waters is described. Results obtained with such techniques appear to be satisfactory in comparison with the traditional official procedure (MPN) for fecal coliforms (E. coli). The procedure and cultural media proposed is not satisfactory for total coliforms counting and it is only partially satisfactory for enterococci direct enumeration. We then propose the direct enumeration technique on mFC agar for fecal coliforms estimation. Further experiments for improving counting procedures for the other microbiological parameters are in progress. PMID- 7027978 TI - [Properties of 5 H2-S-positive strains of "Escherichia coli" (author's transl)]. AB - Some properties of 5 H2S+ strains of E. coli (labeled EC1-EC5, of which 4 isolated from the feces of subjects with gastroenteritis and 1 from a patients with cystopyelitis) has been studied. Of these, two resulted to belong to the O140 and one to the O127 serological groups; other 2 strains were found to react respectively with two (O84 and O108) and three (O65, O70 and O71) E. coli antisera. H2S- segregants were spontaneously obtained from 3 of these strans, but with different frequency: it was very low in EC5 (1.4%) and especially in EC3 (0.2%) strains, but appeared higher in EC4 (39.3%) strain. Clones from EC4 strain were also raffinose-negative; 11 of 12 obtained from EC5 strain (resistant to tetracycline) appeared sensible to tetracycline. Only one strain (EC4) has been able to transfer the H2S+ character with 4.7% frequency; another strain (EC5) transferred tetracycline-resistance character, but with lower frequency. Raffinose-positive character has never been transferred. PMID- 7027979 TI - [Sero-epidemiological studies on diffusion of viral hepatitis "A" and "B" in Turin (Italy) (author's transl)]. AB - The age-prevalence of antibodies directed against the hepatitis viruses A (anti HAV) and B (anti-HBs and anti-HBc) has been studied in an open sample of population of Turin (Italy), made up by 680 persons. Is has been shown that all three types of antibodies are present at birth, thast they progressively decrease and than again raise, from 6-10 years of age, up to 70-75%, 35% and about 40% in adults, respectively for anti-HAV, anti-HBs and anti-HBc. A further peak over 97% after 40 years for anti-HAV likely means a past higher spreading of the virus. The conclusion is drawn that, for both hepatitis A and B, the percentage of positive and the time of appearance of active humoral immunity after the loss of maternal antibodies are typical medium level of hygienic conditions. The comparison of anti-HBs and anti-HBc behaviour has shown that the latter is more frequent and at least as persistent as the former, and that it should not therefore be obligatory considered ia a marker of viral replication. PMID- 7027980 TI - Treatment of chancroid with single-dose doxycycline compared with a two-day course of co-trimoxazole. PMID- 7027981 TI - [Fluorescent antibodies in children in acute P. falciparum malaria in an endemic area]. PMID- 7027982 TI - [Evaluation of field diagnosis of trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense]. PMID- 7027983 TI - A technique of biliary tract reconstruction with complete follow-up in 44 consecutive cases. AB - Forty-four consecutive stricture repairs by one surgeon with long-term follow-up study are reported. Sutured anastomoses were performed in 39 patients. Essentials of the sutured repair include minimal dissection of the proximal duct, a one layer anastomosis, mucosa-to-mucosa apposition, and a preference for hepaticojejunostomy with a T-tube stent. Eighty-six per cent of the patients treated by this technique achieved satisfactory results. This technique is the procedure of choice for repair of biliary stricture. PMID- 7027984 TI - Training program for free transfer of skin grafts by microvascular anastomosis. AB - Microsurgery is a broad field, and offers possibilities of clinical and research applications. A program for training in skin transplant with arterial and venous anastomosis performed using a microtechnique, was instituted on the basis of numerous reports in world literature. The program was developed in four progressive stages which were, familiarization with the microscope and microsurgical setting, up to the transplant of an inguinal pediculated flat in the artery and lower superficial epigastric vein to the neck of the rat, through end-to-side patch anastomosis to the common carotid artery and the jugular vein. The favorable results confirm the advantages of microsurgery. PMID- 7027985 TI - History of cancer investigation. AB - A revision was made of the most important biological hypothesis that try to explain the carcinogenesis mechanism. Most of them postulate that malignization is the result of cell genetic material alterations. On the other hand information obtained from cell exposure to chemical, physical and viral carcinogens was analyzed. Resulting data support the idea that carcinogenesis is carried out by means of somatic mutations. We conclude that internal and external factors are involved in the malignization process and that the approach to the cancer problem might depend upon future advances in molecular genetics and biology. PMID- 7027986 TI - [The endothelial surface of the carotid artery and thoracic aorta of the albino rat. Scanning electron microscopic observations]. PMID- 7027987 TI - [Plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucose concentrations in type I diabetic children after a morning injection of insulin (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma levels of insulin, C-peptide and glucose were monitored for 24 hours after a single injection of a mixture of regular and protamine zinc insulin in 22 diabetic children. Results were compared with those in 7 control children. They indicate that plasma insulin in diabetic children is similar or higher than that in controls over the entire time of survey. Plasma insulin is usually high in the first part of the day. However, important variations were observed from one patient to another and, in the same patient, from one day to another. These results stress the necessity of a daily individual adaptation of the doses in diabetic children and adolescents treated with one or several daily injections of insulin. PMID- 7027988 TI - Behavior therapy vs insight-oriented therapy for repeated suicide attempters. AB - A behavior therapy package was compared with insight-oriented therapy in a clinical trial for repeated suicide attempters. Self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and assertiveness were obtained before and after ten days of inpatient treatment and at follow-up intervals for nine moths. Interviews with patients during a two-year follow-up period elicited frequency of suicidal attempts and ideation. Results indicated the superiority of the behavior therapy package, with the structured, brief hospitalization and assertive follow-up likely contributing to the main effects. PMID- 7027989 TI - Psychiatrists' distribution across the 50 states, 1978. AB - In 1978, both psychiatrists and a nonmedical professional group (lawyers) were more abundant in more populous, urbanized states. Lawyer-population ratios, however, correlated more strongly with the population's wealth; psychiatrist population ratios correlated more strongly with the percentage of state population with college education and with state-mandated private insurance coverage of psychiatric services (both probable indexes of market demand). Even after controlling for population size and education, state-mandated insurance coverage was significantly related to the abundance of psychiatrist. Moreover, mandating states increased their psychiatrist-population ratios 100% faster after mandating coverage, whereas nonmandating states increased their ratios only 25% faster in comparable periods. While we investigate psychiatrists' geographic distribution, public policy formation can be aided if we also seek better measures of access and barriers to psychiatric care. PMID- 7027990 TI - The role of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) granule factors in the control of T cell dependent response in mice. AB - Factors isolated from human PMNL lysosomes granules enhance the immune response of BALB/c mice immunized with SRBC, augment allogeneic DTH reaction and accelerate skin graft rejection. The immunostimulatory effects does not depend only on proteolytic enzymes. Removal of proteolytic enzymes using DFP as irreversible inactivator did not alter the immunostimulatory effect of PMNL lysosome factors on PFC formation in mice. The PMNL factors have marked potentiating effect on the uptake and retention of labeled CRBC in mouse lymphoid system. This effect suggests an alternative pathway which can provide chronic immunological stimulus and play a significant role in augmentation of immune response. Data presented in this paper suggest that factors responsible for augmentation of the immune response are localized mostly in secondary PMNL granules. PMID- 7027991 TI - The effect of ampicillin on skin graft survival and antibody response in B6A F1 mice. AB - The effect of ampicillin on the immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and on the survival of BALB/c skin allograft in B6A F1 mice was studied. At the non-toxic doses of 250-500 mg/kg per day, given repeatedly before or after injection of SRBC or skin grafting, there was a marked enhancement of the antibody response and a prolongation of skin graft survival from 12.7 +/- 0.23 days in untreated mice to 13.7 +/- 0.19 days and 15.2 +/- 0.75 days in mice treated before or after skin grafting, respectively. PMID- 7027992 TI - Thyroid-gland plasma cell neoplasm (plasmacytoma). AB - A 61-year-old man with a primary thyroid plasmacytoma was studied. Intracytoplasmic monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgG-kappa) was demonstrated in tissue sections, using the immunoperoxidase technique. After histologic diagnosis of plasmacytoma, serum immunoelectrophoresis revealed a monoclonal component (IgG kappa). Roentgenographic skeletal survey and bone marrow examination gave normal results. The patient received postoperative therapy with radiation and drugs. As of this writing, he is alive 20 months after diagnosis, without evidence of tumor. PMID- 7027993 TI - Reviewing histologic diagnosis of lymphoma: comparison of original and review diagnoses in 269 cases. AB - By analyzing the pathology records of patients at Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, who had a diagnosis of suspected or proved malignant lymphoma (ML) based on examination of a biopsy specimen obtained elsewhere, the rates of agreement between original and review diagnoses were determined. Ninety-six percent of the cases submitted as ML were accepted as ML on review. In 96% of those referred to us as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), this diagnosis was confirmed. All cases submitted as Hodgkin's disease (HD) were accepted as ML, but 13% were reclassified as NHL. Based on the review diagnoses, expressed according to the Lukes-Butler (HD) or Rappaport (NHL) classifications, 69% of the HD cases and 29% of the NHL cases bore original diagnoses that agreed. Nonuse and incorrect use of standard classifications contributed greatly to these discrepancies. Pathology review is strongly recommended for all cases of ML, to reduce diagnostic error where possible and to promote the use of histopathologic terminology that bears on clinical decisions. PMID- 7027994 TI - Splenic alterations in hairy cell leukemia. AB - Spleens from 12 patients with hairy cell leukemia were studied for morphologic alterations. Paraffin-embedded, plastic-embedded, and fresh-frozen tissue sections were stained for a variety of histochemical reactions. Hairy cells were present in great numbers within the splenic sinuses and cords. Hairy cells adhered to splenic endothelial lining cells, other hairy cells, and erythrocytes. Large clumps of hairy cells filled and partially occluded splenic sinuses. Numerous dilated sinuses, abnormal sinuses, and blood-filled spaces were present in all cases. Ring fibers around abnormal sinuses were fragmented and reduced in amount. Occasionally, the number of reticular fibers appeared increased around abnormal sinuses, but, in general, it was decreased in areas around the blood filled spaces and in splenic cords markedly infiltrated by hairy cells. The formation of abnormal sinuses and blood-filled spaces probably resulted from the obstruction of venous blood flow and from injury or death of endothelial lining cells. PMID- 7027995 TI - Acute eosinophilic interstitial nephritis and sarcoidosis. PMID- 7027996 TI - Sterility studies of platelet concentrates produced with Haemonetics 30. PMID- 7027997 TI - Auer rods in plastic-embedded bone-marrow biopsy specimens. PMID- 7027998 TI - The treatment of femoral neck fractures with an isoelastic endoprosthesis implanted without bone cement. AB - We report about our first experiences inserting an "isoelastic" femoral endoprosthesis in cases of a fractured femoral neck. 28 patients have been observed for a period of more than 1 year after surgery. We did not find loosening or incompatibility of the polyacetal-resin material. We believe the implantation of this prosthesis type without cement fixation is especially advantageous. The histologic result of a patient who died 6 weeks after surgery did not reveal any tissue incompatibility. We observed an excellent fixation of the prosthesis by bone growth into the surface indentations of the stem. PMID- 7027999 TI - Chronopharmacologic aspects of hexobarbital oxidation rate in rats. AB - Circadian variations of hexobarbital oxidation rate in rat liver and the relationship to serum corticosterone levels were determined in 324 animals subjected to different lighting regimen and feeding schedules.--Rats maintained under standard light/dark conditions and with free access to food showed a significant circadian hexobarbital oxidase rhythmicity. Inversion of the light/dark cycle and time feeding was followed by significant changes of the 24-h means of hexobarbital oxidation rate as well as of the shape and phasing of the circadian pattern. The animals' response to the experimentally altered environmental conditions did not reveal a predictable relationship between the shape and phasing of the rhythmic patterns of liver hexobarbital oxidase activity and of corticosterone levels in blood serum; the rats subjected to timed feeding showed decreased levels of corticosterone whereas the hexobarbital oxidation rate of the liver was increased. PMID- 7028001 TI - [Histological and ultrastructural analysis of the adrenal cortex of the Wrangel Island hoofed lemming (Dicrostonyx torquatus vinogradovi Ognev, 1948)]. AB - Structure of the adrenal cortex of the lemming (Dicrostonyx torquatus vinogradovi Ognev, 1948) from the Wrangel Island has been studied light optically and electron microscopically. Histological investigation of the adrenals has revealed some peculiar features in the gland demonstrating a moderate development of the reticular zone in both sex in the Dicrostonyx torquatus, as well as certain sex dimorphism in the organ's structure. A smaller specific gravity of the female glomerular zone, division of the female glomerular zone into two morphologically heterogenous layers and more distinctive medullary capsule in the males should be mentioned as the distinctive features. During pregnancy the glomerular zone undergoes certain reduction, while the glomerulo-reticular zone hypertrophizes. Electron microscopically it has been revealed: lack of the specific vesicular structure in the mitochondrial crists in the fascicular zone cells, an increased contents of myelin-like and vascular formations in mitochondria of the fascicular and reticular zones, a large amount of dark degenerating cells in the reticular zone, as well as a moderate amount of liposomes in corticocytes. Owing to these factors, it is possible to suggest an increased level of steroid processes in the lemming adrenal cortex. PMID- 7028000 TI - Experimental methods in behavioral teratology. AB - The possibility that the exposure of the embryo to certain chemical substances can lead to behavioral disturbances is known from human epidemiological studies, e.g., in chronic poisoning with mercury and ethanol. Therefore, efforts are made to develop toxicological techniques with which new behavioral teratogens can be recognized. The review describes the most important experimental methods which are presently explored, and which are based on a rich body of knowledge accumulated by experimental psychologists. Most of the tests were developed with small animals, mostly with rats. They range from a rather straightforward determination of various reflexes to complex behavioral situations involving mechanical devices, operant conditioning techniques and procedures evaluating social behavior. In applying these methods in routine toxicology, it is important to remember, that many behavioral effects determined in newborn and adult animals are subtle. Moreover, they are influenced by a large variety of environmental factors affecting the health and the behavior of the mothers and of the offspring in the early and later phases of development. Therefore, the experiments must be conducted under highly standardized conditions and must be controlled rigorously. It is concluded that the best experimental strategy for the evaluation of potential behavioral teratogens is not yet established. Therefore, it would be premature to decide on a fixed protocol to be included in routine animal safety experiments for drugs and other chemical substances. PMID- 7028002 TI - Mastoiditis in prehistoric Arizona Indians. PMID- 7028003 TI - [The lymphocyte surface]. AB - The main function of lymphocyte is the immunological supervision which is brought about via receptor structures of the cell surface. An antigen is recognized by surface immunoglobulin of B-lymphocytes as well as by antigen-recognizing receptors of T-lymphocytes and natural killers. The regulation of lymphocyte functions if brought about via another class of receptors (Fc, C3-receptors). In immunopathological processes certain characteristics of lymphocytes surface change. These changes are manifested at the level of cell populations and clones of antigen-specific lymphocytes. PMID- 7028004 TI - [Klavdiia Petrovna Ulezko-Stroganova (1856-1943)]. PMID- 7028005 TI - [Developmental status and prospects of the pathological anatomy of mental diseases]. AB - A brief history of the development of the history of pathological anatomy of mental diseases in the country is given. The current stage is characterized, its features being due to development and introduction into practice of new methods of brain research (electron microscopy, histo-cytochemistry, luminescent microscopy, histoautoradiography, studies in tissue culture, ect). The main approaches and achievements of the national and foreign science in pathological anatomy of psychoses are outlined. The status of the pathological service in psychiatric hospitals of the country is analysed. The prospects of development are enumerated combing the clinico-anatomical analysis of the necropsy material and wide use of experimental research in modeling pathological processes in the brain. PMID- 7028006 TI - Effect of middle molecules on immunological functions. AB - The cell-mediated immunodeficiency secondary to renal failure is well established and is largely dependent on toxic or inhibitory serum factors. Our approach was to investigate the effect of so-called middle molecules (MM) on in vitro and in vivo immunological functions. A crude fraction of MM isolated from the serum or urines of uremic patients by chromatography on Sephadex G-25 fine was shown to markedly inhibit the lymphocyte proliferation induced in vitro by various phytomitogens or by allogeneic cells. A marked depression of the graft-versus host reaction was demonstrated in vivo. When rats were continuously infused with MM, a significant delay of skin allograft rejection was obtained. From these results it is clear that the MM fraction contains a potent inhibitor of several T lymphocyte functions. PMID- 7028007 TI - Derek Ernest Denny-Brown, OBE, MD(NZ), FRCP(Lond). PMID- 7028008 TI - Papilledema in Behcet's syndrome. AB - Six patients with Behcet's syndrome (five male, one female) had intracranial hypertension diagnosed by elevated CSF pressure in the presence of normal or small ventricles. All six patients had headaches and papilledema. Histories included oral ulcers in 5 patients, genital ulcers in 3, uveitis in 1, arthralgia in 4, and thrombophlebitis in 3. One patient had obstruction of the superior vena cava. A filling defect in the superior sagittal sinus was shown in two patients by carotid angiography, and cerebral circulation time was prolonged in one patient. Papilledema and intracranial hypertension as a result of cerebral vein thrombosis can be initial manifestations of Behcet's syndrome. This has not been a well-recognized feature of the syndrome. PMID- 7028009 TI - Lysozyme distribution in human lacrimal glands and other ocular adnexa. AB - In an immunohistochemical study of the human lacrimal glands and other orbital adnexa, lysozyme was found to be present in the major and accessory lacrimal glands but absent from meibomian glands and conjunctival epithelium. Almost all acinar and tubular cells in major and accessory lacrimal glands contain lysozyme, although occasional cells show diminished staining for lysozyme, probably because of secretion. Only one secretory lacrimal tubuloacinar cell type is demonstrable, although two types previously have been described. Lacrimal duct cells do not contain lysozyme. The findings of this study support the concept that the tubuloacinar cells of the main and accessory lacrimal glands are the sole source of the lysozyme secreted into tears. PMID- 7028010 TI - Epikeratophakia: the surgical correction of aphakia. III. Preliminary results of a prospective clinical trial. AB - Epikeratophakia is a newly developed, investigational form of refractive corneal surgery for the correction of aphakic vision. The procedure involves the removal of the corneal epithelium from the recipient eye and the suturing of a prelathed lamellar donor corneal graft onto the surface of the recipient cornea. We initiated a prospective clinical trial of epikeratophakia in comparison with keratomileusis; however, only 14 patients were randomized between the two procedures, after which the protocol was modified to eliminate the keratomileusis procedure. subsequently, all patients who entered into the study underwent epikeratophakia. The limited comparative study showed that epikeratophakia was at least as effective as keratomileusis in terms of visual potential and visual recovery. The major problem encountered was undercorrection, which was largely eliminated by the use of donor tissue larger in diamter than the recipient bed. Three months postoperatively, five of seven patients undergoing epikeratophakia had 20/50 or better visual acuity with spectacle overcorrection. PMID- 7028011 TI - Proaggregatory effect of fasting on platelet aggregation in the microcirculation of mice with streptozotocin diabetes. AB - This study investigates whether experimental diabetes alters the ease with which platelet aggregation can be initiated in pial and mesenteric microvessels of the mouse. Aggregation was elicited by exposing microvessels to radiant energy from a mercury lamp in the presence of sodium fluorescein. The time required for this noxious stimulus to initiate aggregation was similar in fed or fasted alloxan diabetics and their controls, and in fed streptozotocin diabetics and their controls, but was significantly shortened in streptozotocin mice fasted for 18 to 24 hours when these animals were compared with either fed or fasted controls. Aggregation was also elicited by puncture of microvessels or by micropunture plus locally applied adenosine 5'-diphosphate. No differences in aggregability were found between either fed or fasted diabetics and their respective controls. In the light plus dye model of injury, the capacity to enhance aggregation at will by fasting streptozotocin diabetics may provide a means by which some of the factors controlling aggregation in this model of diabetes can be identified, enhanced aggregation in other species or in other types of diabetes. PMID- 7028012 TI - Response of the aorta of the obese Zucker rat to injury. AB - The response of the thoracic aorta to balloon-catheter-induced endothelial denudation was studied in two animal models of diabetes: the obese Zucker rat and the streptozotocin-treated Wistar rat. The obese Zucker rat, an animal with a metabolic profile similar to that of noninsulin-dependent human diabetics, was characterized by excessive body weight, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and a mild increase in plasma glucose levels. In Zucker rats sacrificed 3 weeks after endothelial denudation, the cross-sectional areas of the fibrocellular intimal lesions were found to be approximately twice as large as those of the lean control. In all other respects, the morphology of the lesions in the obese rats, as assessed by both light and transmission electron microscopy, was similar to that of the lean control rats. In streptozotocin-treated Wistar rats, neither the cross-sectional areas nor the morphology of the intimal lesions differed from those in control rats. These results indicate that, in the obese Zucker rat, the response to aortic intimal injury is altered. PMID- 7028013 TI - Blood glucose and atherosclerosis. PMID- 7028014 TI - How I manage migraine. PMID- 7028015 TI - Inheritance and expression of two peptidases in the wallaroo, Macropus robustus (Gould). AB - The formal genetics of two peptidase loci in M. robustus are presented. Both loci are autosomal but do not appear to be located on the same chromosome pair. Alleles at both loci are codominantly expressed in neonates, pouch young and adults. The application of autosomal loci segregating for three or more alleles in studies of embryonic gene expression is discussed. PMID- 7028016 TI - Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibody to Toxoplasma gondii. AB - Six hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibody to Toxoplasma gondii have been developed. Four of these secrete antibody of the IgG1 subclass, one secretes antibody of the IgG2a subclass and the remaining hybridoma secretes antibody of IgG3 subclass. One IgG1 subclass antibody reacts only in the indirect haemagglutination antibody test (IHAT), four (3 IgG1 and 1 IgG2a) react only in the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), and the IgG3 antibody reacts in both the IHAT and IFAT. PMID- 7028017 TI - Enrichment and expansion of specific antibody-forming cells by adoptive transfer and clustering, and their use in hybridoma production. AB - Adoptive transfer regimens have been examined as a method of enriching and expanding antibody-forming cells (AFC). When spleens from mice which had reverted to memory or from those at the peak of an AFC response were transferred to syngeneic irradiated recipients, a comparable enrichment in AFC of about 10-fold was found. However, recently re-stimulated spleen cells gave much better expansion of total AFC in the recipient mice. The degree of expansion was examined using different routes and timing of antigen stimulus and AFC recovery. With the optimum protocol found the AFC pool obtained from adoptively-transferred recipients was on average 80-fold greater than from conventionally re-immunised mice in a number of experiments. Further enrichment of the AFC was shown by an in vitro clustering technique which gave suspensions with AFC enriched to better than 1 cell in 10. Cluster-enriched and adoptive-transfer enriched populations were both shown to give a much higher incidence of successful specific hybridoma production than spleen cells from conventionally re-immunised mice. PMID- 7028018 TI - The erythrocyte insulin receptor. AB - A precise, reproducible radioreceptor assay has been developed for insulin receptors on human erythrocytes. The mean specific binding in 11 normal volunteers was 7.7% +/- 1.6 (S.D.) per 2.25 x 10(9) erythrocytes. The intra and inter assay coefficients of variation are 4%. The erythrocyte insulin receptor is specific for insulin and recognises insulin analogues in proportion to their respective biological activities. The pH and temperature dependence, the negative cooperativity and the inverse relationship between specific binding and fasting plasma insulin levels suggest it is similar to insulin receptors elsewhere. The erythrocyte insulin receptor offers a model for the study of insulin/insulin receptor interaction in man. PMID- 7028019 TI - T. Aubrey Bowen, oculist, 1837-93. PMID- 7028020 TI - Diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 7028021 TI - An adjustable slip knot for monofilament sutures. PMID- 7028022 TI - Hypersensitivity penumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis). PMID- 7028023 TI - Vasculitis: an approach for physicians. AB - In the absence of a satisfactory classification, a sequential approach to the problems of vasculitis is recommended to the clinician. Clinical recognition will result from a presentation of: i. a well-defined syndrome; ii. a visually identifiable vasculitis (cutaneous or retina); iii--vasculitis-associated disease (connective tissue disease, infectious and neoplastic diseases); iv. multisystem syndrome. Aetiology will be sought from infectious, drug, autoimmune or tumour origin in the main. Helpful pathological features include vessel size, cellular infiltrate, granulomata, necrosis and immune deposits. Immunopathogenesis must clearly distinguish initiators (e.g. immune complexes) from amplifiers and regulators (e.g. fibrin, complement, protease inhibitors, phagocytes). Sites of pathology may be determined by such localising mechanisms as cryoglobulins, immune complex receptors and rheological factors. A rational approach to management dependent on awareness of immunopathology includes inflammatory mediator inhibitors, immunosuppression or plasmapheresis. PMID- 7028024 TI - Inborn errors of metabolism--a review of some general concepts. PMID- 7028025 TI - Management of asymptomatic bacteriuria. PMID- 7028026 TI - [Hotel-Dieu, the first hospital of Montreal]. PMID- 7028027 TI - [Resection of bone tumors]. PMID- 7028028 TI - [Sexual function disorders of men. A comparative study of psychological, psychophysiologic and neuroendocrinological aspects]. PMID- 7028029 TI - Prt-4 and Prt-5: new constituents of a gene cluster on chromosome 7 coding for esterproteases in the submandibular gland of the house mouse (Mus musculus). AB - The heredity and linkage of gene loci were established for two different enzymes with esterproteolytic activity from mouse submandibular gland: protease A and protease E. Based upon strain distribution and biochemical properties of the two esterproteases, the existence of two corresponding structural loci is proposed: Prt-4 (protease A) and Prt-5 (protease E). Prt-4 and Prt-5 proved to be different from Tam-1. From a four-point-cross, the gene order Gpi-1-(Tam-1, Prt-4, Prt-5)-c is suggested. Thus a gene cluster was shown to exist on chromosome 7 coding for esterproteases, all of which are controlled by testosterone. PMID- 7028030 TI - Genetic and endocrine control of renin activity in the submaxillary gland of the mouse. AB - Basal activity of submaxillary gland (SMG) renin is high in female mice that carry the Rnrs allele and is induced to higher levels by treatment with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). To determine whether the difference in basal activity between high (Rnrs/Rnrs) and low (Rnrb/Rnrb) strains is due to enhanced sensitivity of Rnrs/Rnrs strains to endogenous androgen, we first studied the effect of several types of endocrine ablation on SMG renin in young female mice, and second, we removed normal androgen receptor protein by introducing the X linked Tfm gene. Adrenalectomy with or without castration had no effect on basal SMG renin; hypophysectomy decreased basal renin activity 400-fold but did not abolish responsiveness to DHT. Loss of androgen receptor did not affect basal renin activity but did prevent enhancement by DHT. Basal and induced renin activities in L.AKR(Alll)/Cy, a congenic strain homozygous for Rnrs introduced from AKR/J into the background of C57L/J, an Rnrb/Rnrb type strain, are intermediate between levels observed in the original strains. We conclude that (1) the basal level of SMG renin is regulated directly or indirectly by some pituitary hormone(s) but not by androgen, (2) androgen induction of renin activity requires a normal androgen receptor, and (3) major gene(s) that regulate basal as well as induced SMG renin are in a circumscribed region of chromosome 1. PMID- 7028031 TI - Genetic control of allozymes of shikimate dehydrogenase in ponderosa pine. PMID- 7028032 TI - Resistance to the peptide-like antibiotic negamycin in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7028033 TI - Isolation of an acid protease from rabbit reticulocytes and evidence for its role in processing redox proteins during erythroid maturation. PMID- 7028034 TI - Differential inactivation of DNA polymerases alpha and beta by aldehyde compounds. PMID- 7028035 TI - Intestinal glucagon mRNA identified by hybridization to a cloned islet cDNA encoding a precursor. PMID- 7028036 TI - A new subfamily of microbial serine proteinase? Structural similarities of Bacillus thuringiensis and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris extracellular serine proteinases. PMID- 7028037 TI - Adenosine uptake by isolated mouse pancreatic islets. PMID- 7028038 TI - Phospholipase inhibition and the mechanism of angiotensin-induced prostacyclin release from rat mesenteric vasculature. PMID- 7028039 TI - Effects of various anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic agents on the synthesis, secretion, and activity of a cartilage proteoglycan-degrading enzyme and other macrophage enzymes. PMID- 7028040 TI - Solubilization of the dopamine receptor: a status report. PMID- 7028041 TI - Inhibitory effect of acetaldehyde on the oxidation of ethanol by a high-speed supernatant fraction of rat liver. PMID- 7028042 TI - In vitro biotransformations of [14C]captopril in the blood of rats, dogs and humans. PMID- 7028043 TI - Compensatory increase in synaptosomal aldehyde reductase activity in rat brain after chronic barbital treatment. PMID- 7028044 TI - Conversion of 3-nitro-1-propanol (miserotoxin aglycone) to cytotoxic acrolein by alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 7028045 TI - [Efficacy of benzopyrones in posttraumatic inflammations/Clinical double blind study in the postoperative treatment of episiotomy (author's transl)]. AB - A clinical double-blind study of the effectiveness of the benzopyrone product 5.6 benzo-alpha-pyron + 3',4',7-tris-(hydroxy-ethyl)-rutin (coumarin + troxerutin, Venalot) was investigated in 560 patients following medio-lateral episiotomy. The compound was investigated at various dose levels, and its active components coumarin and troxerutin separately. It was shown that the symptoms of posttraumatic inflammation like edema, rubor around the incision wound, and posttraumatic pain as well as consumption of analgesics and the postoperative scar formation were beneficially influenced by the drug. As a guideline for dosing, 1 mg/kg/d related to the coumarin content, was calculated. The efficacy of the combination of the active compounds was superior to that found with the components applied separately. The significance of episiotomy as clinical model for posttraumatic inflammation in general is discussed and application of the benzopyrone product above all in plastic surgery is suggested. PMID- 7028046 TI - [Studies on the mechanism of antifungal action of ciclopiroxolamine/Inhibition of transmembrane transport of amino acid, K+ and phosphate in Candida albicans cells (author's transl)]. AB - 6-Cyclohexyl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(1H)-pyridone, 2-aminoethanol salt (ciclopiroxolamine, Cic, Hoe 296, Batrafen) was fungicidal to growing cultures of Candida albicans, although this effect was apparent after a certain period of cell proliferation, depending upon the drug concentration. Glucose-dependent uptake of all the amino acids tested, K+ and phosphate in starved C. albicans cells was significantly but to a considerably varying extent inhibited by the drug at levels around MIC. Accumulation of amino acid in the cellular pool was more profoundly inhibited than over-all amino acid incorporation into proteins. Cic did not affect the permeability barriers of C. albicans protoplasts or lecithin liposomes. It is presumed from these results that Cic-mediated growth inhibition or death of fungal cells is primarily caused by intracellular depletion of some essential substrates and/or ions, and that such effects are brought about through blockage of their uptake from the medium. PMID- 7028047 TI - [Clinical results with the antimycotic agent ciclopiroxolamine (author's transl)]. AB - After a brief account of the laboratory and animal studies of 6-cyclohexyl-1 hydroxy-4-methyl-2(1H)-pyridone, 2-aminoethanol salt (ciclopiroxolamine, Cic, Hoe 296, Batrafen) and an outline of previous clinical trials, the results of a double-blind trial with Cic cream and clotrimazole cream are reported, together with those of a large-scale trial of Cic cream in consulting practice. Used for the treatment of skin disorders diagnosed as mycoses, the effectiveness rate of Cic cream ranged from 79 to 98%, depending on the criterion used for assessment. The double-blind trial did not reveal any significant differences between its effect and that of clotrimazole cream. The incidence of side-effects can be regarded as minimal. PMID- 7028048 TI - [Open clinical study on the efficacy and tolerance of ciclopiroxolamine in vulvovaginal candidosis (author's transl)]. AB - In an open multicentre trial, the local activity and tolerance of an aqueous cream with 1% 6-cyclohexyl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(1H)-pyridone, 2-aminoethanol salt (ciclopiroxolamine, Cic, Hoe 296, Batrafen) in vulvovaginal candidosis was investigated. On 7 consecutive days (on the average), a 5 cm3 amount of cream was inserted into the vagina once a day. Where necessary, the cream was also applied to the vulva. In 149 cases, the sexual partner was treated. The study initially comprised 235 patients suffering from clinically and mycologically diagnosed vulvovaginal candidosis. The results of 220 subjects could be evaluated. Judging from the cases in which data were complete, the cultural proofs at the 1st (2nd) control after treatment were negative in 90.9% (89.1%) of cases and the microscopic proofs were negative in 93.6% (92.3%). Healing was noticed in 89.9% of the cases. No indication of recurrence was observed. Side-effects, which in general were very mild, were recorded in 3.2% of the cases. Treatment was stopped in one patient. PMID- 7028049 TI - [Open clinical trial in dermal mycoses of a 1% ciclopiroxolamine solution in polyethylene glycol 400 carried out in FR Germany/Study with shortened therapy (author's transl)]. AB - In an open multicentre study, a 1% solution of 6-cyclohexyl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl 2(1H)-pyridone, 2-aminoethanol salt (ciclopiroxolamine, Cic. Hoe 296, Batrafen) in polyethylene glycol 400 was examined for its topical activity in 344 cases of dermal mycoses. 65.4% of them were caused by dermatophytes and 19.2% by yeast like fungi. In most cases, the treatment period was two weeks, with one or two daily applications. The examiners found global therapeutic effectiveness in 97.5% of the mycoses, the rate of very good and good results being 84.0%, and a very good tolerance in 99.0%. Individual side effects were predominantly subjective and transient. PMID- 7028050 TI - [Comparative double-blind study on ciclopiroxolamine cream and placebo cream in dermatophytoses (author's transl)]. AB - In a controlled double-blind study involving 60 patients with dermatophytosis, cream containing 1% 6-cyclohexyl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(1H)-pyridone, 2 aminoethanol salt (ciclopiroxolamine, Cic, Hoe 296, Batrafen cream) was compared with vehicle as to effectiveness and tolerability. Each treatment was applied to 30 patients, the compounds being assigned at random to be used for 21 days per patient. Assessed on clinical, cultural and microscopical findings. Cic cream proved to be significantly more effective than vehicle. Under the application of Cic cream, all (100%) of the cultures and native preparations became free of fungi (negative), whereas with vehicle only 27% and 23% negative cultures and native preparations, respectively, were obtained. The skin symptoms showed significantly more improvement with Cic cream than with vehicle. All 60 patients completed the study. No side effects occurred. PMID- 7028051 TI - [Selected double-blind comparative studies on the efficacy and tolerance of ciclopiroxolamine solution and cream]. AB - The results of selected double-blind comparative studies, which had been conducted outside the Federal Republic of Germany, are reported on in summary. In these trials, a 1% solution of 6-cyclohexyl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(1H)-pyridone, 2 aminoethanol salt (ciclopiroxolamine, Cic, Hoe 296, Batrafen) was compared with a 1% solution of tolnaftate (2 studies) and clotrimazole (1 study), respectively, and a 1% Cic cream was compared with a 1% clotrimazole cream (2 studies). The three compounds showed a similar efficacy against the respective groups of sensitive organisms. Particular characteristics and advantages of Cic which were observed with other modes of administration in studies conducted later on, had not been the objective of the trials reported here. PMID- 7028052 TI - [Non-European open clinical studies on the efficacy and tolerance of ciclopiroxolamine in dermatomycoses (author's transl)]. AB - A survey is given of twenty published open clinical studies carried out outside Europe. They concern the topical action of 6-cyclohexyl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(1H) pyridone, 2-aminoethanol salt (ciclopiroxolamine, Cic, Hoe 296, Batrafen) in 991 cases of skin disorders, mostly mycoses. 70.7% of the disorders were dermatophytoses, 18.9% candidoses. 6.1% pityriasis versicolor, and 4.2% other skin infections. Four trials were done with 1% Cic cream (o/w-type-emulsion) in 157 dermal disorders and 16 trials with 1% Cic solution (vehicle: polyethylene glycol 400) in 834 cases. Several selected studies are reported in detail, the other are parts of a summarizing survey. After a treatment period which, as a rule, was limited to 3 weeks, the global success rate was 96% (healing and distinct improvement). Any side effects were only seldom recorded. PMID- 7028053 TI - [The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors]. PMID- 7028054 TI - Obituary: W. Horsely Gantt (1893-1980). PMID- 7028055 TI - [Catecholamine and renin-angiotensin system in blood pressure control in patients with liver cirrhosis]. AB - The changes induced by active tilting in arterial pressure, plasma renin activity, norepinephrine and its precursors phenylalanine and tyrosine were evaluated in 8 patients with liver cirrhosis and 6 healthy controls. The results suggest the inability of the adrenergic system, though hyperstimulated, to maintain arterial pressure homeostasis in cirrhosis with a compensatory hyperactive renin-angiotensin system. Derangements in catecholamine synthesis, possibly due to altered utilisation of precursors to alternative final products (weak neurotransmitters?) can be taken into account. PMID- 7028056 TI - [Immunological implications in the pathogenesis of Horton arteritis]. AB - Fragments of temporal artery obtained by surgical biopsy from 3 patients suffering from Horton arteritis were employed for immunopathologic studies by direct immunofluorescence. In 2 of the cases, granular deposition of IgM, C1q and C3 but not of albumin were observed in the wall of vasa vasorum of the temporal artery. Elution techniques determined the disappearance of the immunoreactants. In one case in which biopsy fragments of temporal artery were obtained prior to and after steroid treatment it was observed that IgM and complement, previously present, disappeared after such treatment. The data reported indicate that indeed immunologic factors play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease and that the immunoreagents present on the wall of vasa vasorum are not evidence of increased vascular permeability but indicate an active immunologic process which takes place in them. PMID- 7028057 TI - Thomas Lewis--the early years. PMID- 7028058 TI - Heart antibodies in cardiomyopathies. AB - The reported frequency of circulating heart reactive antibodies in cardiomyopathies has varied and their significance is unknown. In this study such antibodies were sought in patients with primary congestive and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies and other heart diseases. Standard "single sandwich" and the more sensitive "double sandwich" indirect immunofluorescence techniques failed to disclose a significant difference between any cardiomyopathic group and controls in repeated experiments. With both techniques results were subject to considerable method-specific artefacts and observer variation. No published work associating heart antibodies detected by immunofluorescence methods with cariomyopathies adequately takes these into account. PMID- 7028059 TI - Sir Thomas Lewis: a view from the south. PMID- 7028060 TI - Effect of chronic diuretic treatment on the plasma renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in essential hypertension. AB - 1 Chronic treatment with a constant dose of hydrochlorothiazide or tienilic acid increases plasma renin activity (PRA) acutely to reach a maximum within the first week. 2 During chronic diuretic therapy from 1 month to 1 year, PRA remained elevated at a rather constant level, though this was somewhat lower than the maximum level reached after 1 week. 3 A significant (P less than 0.01) correlation (r = 0.74) between changes in plasma angiotensin II and renin activity provoked by chronic treatment for 3 months with hydrochlorothiazide and tienilic acid was found. 4 The increase in plasma aldosterone during chronic treatment with hydrochlorothiazide and tienilic acid (1000 mg) is related (r = 0.68; P less than 0.01) to the rise in plasma angiotensin II. PMID- 7028061 TI - A trial of ketotifen in intrinsic asthma. PMID- 7028062 TI - A survey of products licensed in the United Kingdom from 1971-1981. PMID- 7028063 TI - A double-blind, cross-over study of naproxen sodium and soluble aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7028064 TI - A double blind comparison of talampicillin and ampicillin in the treatment of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in general practice. PMID- 7028065 TI - A comparative study of Fucidin Ointment and Cicatrin Cream in the treatment of impetigo. PMID- 7028066 TI - A multi-centre general practice trial comparing Fucidin Ointment and Fucidin Cream. PMID- 7028067 TI - Mechanical sutures on colon and rectal surgery. PMID- 7028068 TI - Treatment of lower respiratory infections with pivampicillin (Pondocillin). PMID- 7028069 TI - Failure of specific active immunotherapy in lung cancer. AB - A randomized trial comparing routine follow-up with a treatment regimen aimed at increasing specific anti-tumour immunity has been carried out in 95 patients after total surgical excision of lung cancer (not small-cell). Treatment consisted of inoculation with an autologous irradiated suspension of tumour cells combined with a small dose of C. parvum given intradermally during convalescence. Although treatment was associated with virtually no side effects, there has been no apparent benefit and input to the trial has now stopped. PMID- 7028070 TI - Pulmonary haemosiderosis and pulmonary haemorrhage. PMID- 7028071 TI - How important is the sequence of administration of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and salbutamol in asthma. AB - Sixty patients with fairly stable asthma of mild or moderate severity entered a multicentre, double-blind cross-over trial, comparing the efficacy of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate preceded 10 minutes earlier by inhalation of salbutamol with that of beclomethasone followed 10 minutes later by salbutamol during two consecutive three-month periods. Patients received beclomethasone 100 microgram and salbutamol 200 microgram four times daily. Analysis of occurrence of exacerbations, usage of additional inhaled salbutamol, peak expiratory flow rate and symptom scores showed no evidence that regular beclomethasone was more effective when preceded by salbutamol rather than when followed by it. PMID- 7028072 TI - The distribution of fibronectin in the pannus in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Fibronectin is an adhesive glycoprotein synthesized by mesenchymal cells. Its distribution in the rheumatoid pannus has been studied by immunofluorescence using a monospecific antiserum. All areas of the pannus contained immunoreactive fibronectin, including its junctions with synovium, ligaments, bone and cartilage. It formed a coarse extracellular meshwork which surrounded the inflammatory cells infiltrating the pannus and which codistributed with reticulin and "immature" collagen. The proliferative cellular areas of the pannus showed marked reactivity for fibronectin. Although fibronectin was present at the pannus cartilage junction, it was not otherwise found in articular cartilage. Fibronectin in the pannus did not have any relationship to the distribution of immunoglobulins or complement. Fibronectin is a structural component of the rheumatoid pannus and may play a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid synovitis. PMID- 7028073 TI - Phagocytic and bactericidal activity of human neutrophils against two isolates of Group B streptococci Type Ic of differing pathogenicity. AB - The phagocytic and bactericidal activities of normal adult human neutrophils against 2 strains of Group B streptococci Type Ic of differing pathogenicity were examined. Both isolates were phagocytosed by the neutrophils in the presence of normal and homologous immune serum. However, the highly pathogenicity streptococci were killed less readily in the presence of immune serum than were the streptococci of low pathogenicity in the presence of immune or normal serum. This difference in killing ability was not due to a defect in phagocytosis by the neutrophils, but to a defect in bactericidal activity. The highly pathogenic streptococci were not killed in the presence of normal serum, but were readily phagocytosed by the neutrophils, in which they accumulated and eventually caused their destruction. The streptococci of low pathogenicity, however, were killed equally as well in the absence of specific antibody as in its presence. It is suggested that an in vitro assessment of neutrophil function against streptococci of differing pathogenicity for mice may provide a useful method by which the pathogenicity of streptococci for man can be compared. PMID- 7028074 TI - Bordetella pertussis-induced hyperinsulinaemia without marked hypoglycaemia: a paradox explained. AB - B. pertussis vaccine or pulmonary infection produced marked hyperinsulinaemia in mice relative to controls (e.g. control 32 mU/1; B. pertussis infected 113 mU/1). This was associated with a modest relative hypoglycaemia (15-25%). The hyperinsulinaemia was observed only when blood was collected from mice anaesthetized with ether, pentobarbitone, or trichloroethylene but not from unanaesthetized animals. Ether-induced hyperinsulinaemia in B. pertussis was transient. Adrenaline produced marked hyperinsulinaemia in B. pertussis-infected mice whereas it tended to produce hypoinsulinaemia in control animals. The hyperinsulinaemic effect of ether anaesthesia in B. pertussis-infected mice was significantly reduced by beta-adrenoceptor blockade using propranolol. It is suggested (a) that pertussis-infected or vaccinated mice are not chronically hyperinsulinaemic but show elevated insulin concentrations only when subjected to an additional stimulus; (b) that hyperinsulinaemia produced by anaesthesia in pertussis-treated mice is secondary to an altered responsiveness of the insulin secreting cells to this stimulus; (c) that part of this stimulus may be due to catecholamines released during anaesthesia. PMID- 7028075 TI - Variations in the opsonic requirements of group B streptococcus type III. AB - The opsonic requirements of strains of Type III Group B streptococci (GBS) were studied using Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and microscopy. Growth and storage conditions, particularly any reduction in the pH of the medium, affected GBS resistance to opsonization. Opsonization was complement-dependent but there was considerable variation in the requirements of individual strains for the classical and alternative pathways. Antibody was also necessary for opsonization. A few type III GBS strains were resistant to opsonization by pooled serum known to contain type-specific antibody, raising the possibility that protective antibody might in certain circumstances be strain- rather than type-specific. Treatment of these strains with neuraminidase, however, rendered them sensitive to opsonization by the same pool of serum. The resistance of GBS to opsonization in the neonate, where complement activity can be reduced and antibody levels are low, may be a major determinant of virulence. PMID- 7028076 TI - Allergic and toxic contact dermatitis: inflammatory cell subtypes in epicutaneous test reactions. AB - Histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques were used to identify T lymphocytes, mononuclear phagocytes and plasma cells in situ from allergic and toxic epicutaneous test reactions. Intracellular alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), endogenous peroxidase and immunoglobulin were used as markers for inflammatory cells. In allergic contact dermatitis 76 +/- 7% of all cells were ANAE-positive T lymphocytes, 13 +/- 6% mononuclear phagocytes and 12 +/- 6% ANAE negative cells. In toxic skin lesions the corresponding values were 64 +/- 20%, 18 +/- 15% and 18 +/- 6%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the allergic and toxic skin reactions. The basic reaction type in allergic and toxic contact dermatitis seems to be similar, with possibly some qualitative and quantitative differences. PMID- 7028077 TI - Napkin (diaper) dermatitis and gastrointestinal carriage of Candida albicans. AB - The correlation of recovery of Candida albicans from the skin, rectum and faeces of four clinically distinct groups of infants with napkin (diaper) dermatitis has been studied. We found that: (I) C. albicans is largely and constantly present both on the skin and in faeces of subjects with clinically overt Candidiasis of the napkin area; (2) C. albicans is lacking from both the skin and faeces of subjects with chafing or atopic dermatitis; (3) C. albicans can be found in faeces of subjects with unclassifiable napkin dermatitis in a direct relationship with its clinical severity; (4) failure to recover C. albicans from the skin can be due to the inhibitory effect of the inflammatory host reaction and therefore can be misleading. PMID- 7028078 TI - A proliferative defect of human bone marrow after transplantation. AB - A technique which permits proliferation of CFU-C or their precursors is described. Bone marrow cells from 10 normal donors showed an increase over a 2 week culture period of total nucleated cell counts, and of granulocyte colony and cluster forming cells. During culture an adherent layer of fibroblasts and monocyte-macrophage cells formed. Bone marrow from eight patients taken between 2 weeks and 2 years after marrow transplantation did not show CFU-C proliferation or increase in total cell counts in culture. This difference did not appear to be due to changes in the adherent cell layer formation, and suggests that grafted human bone marrow shows a proliferative defect similar to that described in mouse transplantation models. PMID- 7028079 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in severe aplastic anaemia: a survey of the European Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation (E.G.B.M.T.). AB - A survey of the results of bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anaemia in 13 European teams is reported. 159 questionnaires were analysed by univariate and multivariate analysis. The overall 1 year survival was 41.2%. The chance of survival was decreased by the presence of infection before grafting and by the use of female donors. The conditioning regimen did not influence survival. Graft rejection was influenced by the conditioning regimen and the sex of the donor. Graft-versus-host disease was influenced by the conditioning regimen, and the age and the sex of the recipient. This study defines prognostic indices which may be helpful in determining the likelihood of success after marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anaemia. PMID- 7028080 TI - Reactivity of monoclonal antibodies with human myeloid precursor cells. AB - Five monoclonal antibodies have been tested for their ability to bind to myeloid precursor cells in normal human bone marrow. Indirect immunofluorescence and the fluorescence activated cell sorter was used to separate cells according to their reactivity for trial culture in vitro in order to grow granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (CFUc). Two antibodies (OKT3 and OKT11) which react strongly with bone marrow T lymphocytes were found to be unreactive with CFUc. YD1/23 reacts very strongly with both T and B lymphocytes but is only weakly reactive with CFUc. In contrast, OKT10 and YE2/36 did react with CFUc. The consequences of these findings and the potential clinical use of these antibodies in bone marrow transplantation are discussed. PMID- 7028081 TI - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis during pregnancy. Case report. PMID- 7028082 TI - Low-dose combined guanethedine 1% and adrenaline 0.5% in the treatment of chronic simple glaucoma: a prospective study. AB - This paper reports on the results of a prospective double-blind crossover study, comparing adrenaline 1% with adrenaline 0.5% combined with guanethedine 1% over an 8-week period with each formulation. The guanethedine/adrenaline formulation was found to be the more effective hypotensive agent of the two. This study confirms the potentiating effect of adding guanethedine to adrenaline, and suggests that this combination would be a useful alternative treatment when adrenaline 1% or adrenaline 0.25% with guanethedine 1% is insufficient. PMID- 7028083 TI - Topical acyclovir in herpes zoster ocular involvement. AB - Topical acyclovir has been found in 15 out of 18 patients to control, without recurrences and in an appreciably shorter time than if steroids were used, keratoconjunctivitis induced by herpes zoster. Once steroids were started, recurrences occurred during withdrawal of steroids or after they had been stopped. PMID- 7028084 TI - A double-blind comparison of topical therapy of chlamydial ocular infection (TRIC infection) with rifampicin or chlortetracycline. AB - A double-blind stratified trial was carried out on 85 patients to assess the efficacy of topical therapy with 1% chlortetracycline eye ointment in comparison with 1% rifampicin eye ointment in the treatment of chlamydial ocular infection of sexually transmitted origin (paratrachoma). Patients included were selected on the basis of positive culture for Chlamydia trachomatis. A 6-week course of treatment with chlortetracycline or rifampicin 3 times daily gave a clinical cure rate of 80% and 75% and a microbiological cure rate of 93% and 86% respectively. In patients who were not cured the intensity of inflammatory responses was considerably reduced. PMID- 7028085 TI - Study of the additive effect of timolol and epinephrine in lowering intraocular pressure. AB - A randomised, double-masked clinical study was conducted in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma to determine if timolol and epinephrine have an additive effect in lowering intraocular pressure. Sixteen patients were randomly assigned to one of 2 treatment sequences (timolol alone, supplemented after 2 weeks with epinephrine, and vice versa). An initial additive effect in lowering intraocular pressure was found in both sequences. However, after several weeks of combined therapy complete loss of additive effect was found. Patients who were treated first with epinephrine for 2 weeks and then supplemented with timolol had significantly lower intraocular pressures for at least 2 weeks than patients in the reverse treatment sequence. Epinephrine treatment alone caused a significant increase in facility of outflow, but this effect did not occur with simultaneous timolol treatment. The results are discussed in terms of possible fundamental beta and alpha adrenergic influences on aqueous dynamics and their potential clinical relevance. PMID- 7028086 TI - Comparative trial of acyclovir and adenine arabinoside in the treatment of herpes simplex corneal ulcers. PMID- 7028087 TI - Management of superior-half-bullous retinal detachment. AB - We treated a selected group of patients with superior-half bullous retinal detachments by preoperative bed rest and immobilisation of the affected eye using a temporary inferior rectus suture taped to the brow. Sufficient flattening of the retina was achieved in each case to permit successful simple extrascleral detachment surgery. PMID- 7028088 TI - Clinical evaluation of clobetasone butyrate eye drops in episcleritis. AB - Thirty-nine patients took part in a double-blind, between-patient clinical trial to compare clobetasone butyrate, betamethasone phosphate, and placebo eye drops in the treatment of episcleritis. Although from the symptom scores the patients given placebo appeared to do as well as the other patients in the first week of treatment, they did significantly less well after this time. Clobetasone butyrate and betamethasone phosphate eye drops seemed to be equally effective in the treatment of this disease. PMID- 7028089 TI - Clinical evaluation of clobetasone butyrate eye drops in the treatment of anterior uveitis and its effects on intraocular pressure. AB - Clobetasone butyrate has been formulated as a new steroid preparation of use in ophthalmology and has been compared with prednisolone phosphate and betamethasone phosphate in the treatment of anterior uveitis. The results from 4 double-blind, between-patient studies have shown that all 3 treatments are effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of this intraocular disease. 87% of those patients receiving clobetasone butyrate had a good or satisfactory response, but no differences in therapeutic efficacy were observed between these 3 steroid treatments. Clobetasone butyrate had little effect on intraocular pressure when compared with dexamethasone or hydrocortisone, both of which cause a significant rise in intraocular pressure. PMID- 7028090 TI - Membrane topography of the photosynthetic reaction center polypeptides of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - The topography of the photosynthetic reaction center (RC) polypeptides (H, M, and L) was investigated by proteolysis and radioiodination of membrane vesicles isolated from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Chromatophores, obtained from French pressed cell lysates, are closed vesicles' and oriented inside out with respect to the cytoplasmic membrane (cytoplasmic side out). Spheroplast-derived vesicles (SDVs), obtained after osmotic lysis of lysozyme-treated cells, are oriented right side in (periplasmic side out). Alpha-Chymotrypsin treatment of chromatophores and trypsin treatment of SDVs resulted in cleavage of H. Alpha Chymotrypsin treatment of SDVs did not cleave H, and trypsin treatment of chromatophores did not consistently cleave this polypeptide. M and L of both vesicles were apparently not affected by these proteases. The SDV trypsin cleavage product of H was identified by alpha-chymotryptic (125)I-labeled peptide mapping and had a molecular weight of 26 000. Membrane surface radioiodination with chloroglycoluril coated on glass tubes resulted in preferential labeling of H and M of SDVs and chromatophores. The radiospecific activities of H, M, and L were higher with labeling of SDVs as compared to labeling of chromatophores. Alpha-Chymotryptic (125)I-labeled peptide maps of H, M, and L from surface radioiodinated SDVs differed from the corresponding maps of these polypeptides from surface-radioiodinated chromatophores. The results indicate the asymmetric exposure of H, M, and L on opposite surfaces of the R. sphaeroides membrane. Exposed iodination sites of these polypeptides are more abundant on the periplasmic surface than on the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane. PMID- 7028091 TI - Solution behavior of proteins L7/L12 from the 50S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli. AB - The behavior of Escherichia coli 50S ribosomal subunit proteins L7/L12 has been investigated in ribosome reconstitution buffer, TMK buffer, by sedimentation equilibrium and analytical gel filtration. Contrary to previous reports that L7/L12 exists in solution solely as dimer species [Moller, W., Groene, A., Terhorst, C., & Amons, R. (1972) Eur J. Biochem. 25, 5], results presented here indicate that L7/L12 undergoes a monomer-dimer-tetramer self-association, with equal equilibrium constants of 3.5 x 10(4) M-1 obtained for the monomer-dimer and dimer-tetramer steps. These results yield standard Gibbs' free energies of -6.1 +/ 0.6 kcal/mol at 20 degrees C. The observed absence of temperature dependence of this interaction over the range 5-25 degrees C indicated a zero standard enthalpy of self-association. Gel filtration results are presented that confirm the highly elongated shape of the L7/L12 molecule. The data suggest the corresponding Stokes radii for the monomer, dimer, and tetramer are 21-23, 26-28, and 29-32 omicron A, respectively. The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 7028092 TI - Zinc(II)-dependent synthesis of diadenosine 5', 5"' -P(1) ,P(4) -tetraphosphate by Escherichia coli and yeast phenylalanyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetases. AB - A new activity of Escherichia coli and yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases, the conversion adenosine 5' -triphosphate into diadenosine 5' ,5"' -P(1) ,P(4) tetraphosphate, is reported. This activity is followed by (31)P NMR and chromatography on poly(ethylenimine)-cellulose. It is revealed by the addition of ZnCl2 to a reaction mixture containing the enzyme, ATP-Mg(2+), L-phenylalanine, and pyrophosphatase It reflects the reaction enzyme-bound phenylalanyl adenylate with ATP instead of PPi and strongly depends on the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate in the assay medium. The zinc dependence of this reaction parallels that of the inhibition of tRNA(phe) aminoacylation which is described in the accompanying paper [Mayaux, J. F., & Blanquet, S. (1981) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. In the presence of an unlimiting pyrophosphatase activity, diadenosine tetraphosphate synthesis by E. coli and yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases occurs at maximal rates of 0.5 and 2 s-1, respectively (37 degrees C, pH 7.8, 150 mM KC1, 5 mM ATP, 10 mM MgCl2, 2 mM L-phenylalanine, and 80 muM ZnCl2). Under identical experimental conditions, E coli isoleucyl-, methionyl-, and tyrosyl tRNA synthetases produce small amounts of diadenosine tetraphosphate at rates 2 or 3 orders of magnitude lower than that achieved by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. In the case of E. coli phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, it is shown that the diadenosine tetraphosphate synthetase activity is accompanied by a diadenosinetetraphosphatase activity. This activity, actually supported by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, is responsible for the appearance of ADP in the assay medium. It requires also the presence of both ZnCl2 and L-phenylalanine. The formation of ADP from diadenosine tetraphosphate and its reaction with enzyme bound aminoacyl adenylate account for the appearance in the reaction mixture of diadenosine 5' ,5"' -P(1) ,P(3)-triphosphate, after that of diadenosine tetraphosphate. The significance of these findings in the context of the role of diadenosine tetraphosphate in controlling cellular growth is discussed. PMID- 7028093 TI - Thermodynamics of the binding of D-glucose to yeast hexokinase. AB - The binding of D-glucose to baker's yeast hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1, ATP:D-hexose 6 phosphotransferase) was studied by isothermal and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by fluorometric titration. The enthalpy and heat capacity changes associated with the binding of glucose were found to be nearly zero at both low and high ionic strengths over the temperature range from 7 to 29 degrees C. Thus, the free-energy change, amounting to -5.1 kcal mol(-1) at 25 degrees C and high ionic strength, is nearly independent of the temperature and is primarily of entropic origin. DSC study of the thermal unfolding of the free enzyme at low ionic strength gave an excess heat capacity curve with two maxima. This result appears to reflect a difference in thermal stability of the two domains in the hexokinase molecule which are indicated by X-ray crystallography [Bennett, W.S., & Steitz, T. A. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 4848 4852]. In contrast, the unfolding of free enzyme at high ionic strength was fully cooperative. The excess heat capacity curve for the unfolding of the glucose bound enzyme had only one peak at both low and high ionic strengths. This is consistent with the X-ray result that the binding of glucose induces a conformational change in the enzyme which brings the two lobes into close proximity. It is interesting that such a significant, molecule-wide conformational change is accompanied by only very small net changes in enthalpy and heat capacity. PMID- 7028094 TI - Mechanism of ribonucleic acid chain initiation. Molecular pulse-labeling study of ribonucleic acid syntheses on T7 deoxyribonucleic acid template. PMID- 7028095 TI - Assessment by sedimentation equilibrium analysis of a heterologous macromolecular interaction in the presence of self-association: interaction of S5 with S8. AB - The proteins S5 and S8 from the Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunit have been examined by sedimentation equilibrium methods for behavior in solution as isolated components and in mixtures. The means of resolving two simultaneous associations in this system is discussed, and the energy of association of S5 and S8 is reported. It was found that protein S5 from the MRE 600 strain tends to self-associate weakly at 4 degree C in a manner that can be described as an isodesmic self-association with an association constant and corresponding standard Gibbs free energy equal to (7.7 +/- 0.7) X 10(3) M-1 and -4.9 +/- 0.1 kcal/mol, respectively. Protein S8 was found to have a molecular weight of 15800 and was monomeric in a pure state. Mixtures of S5 and S8 clearly demonstrated the presence of an S5-S8 complex in addition to the self-association of S5. The equilibrium constant of association for the formation of a simple S5-S8 complex at 4 degree C and the corresponding standard Gibbs free energy were found to be (5.5 +/- 1.0) X 10(4) M-1 and -6.0 +/- 0.1 kcal/mol, respectively. PMID- 7028096 TI - Reconstitution of binding protein dependent active transport of glutamine in spheroplasts of Escherichia coli. AB - In order to directly prove that the periplasmic glutamine binding protein is an essential component of the osmotic shock sensitive active transport system for glutamine in Escherichia coli, we demonstrated the reconstitution of binding protein dependent glutamine transport in spheroplasts of that organism. It was shown by arsenate inhibition that the reconstituted transport system was energy dependent, and the use of azaserine, an inhibitor of glutamine-utilizing enzymes, indicated that the restoration of transport by binding protein did not require the metabolizing of the transport substrate. Furthermore, the binding protein dependent transport of glutamine was shown to require at least one other macromolecular component, presumably membrane bound, which was absent in a strain containing a deletion of the genes coding for the glutamine transport system but was present in a strain carrying a mutation only in the structural gene for the glutamine binding protein. PMID- 7028097 TI - Molecular symmetry and metastable states of enzymes exhibiting half-of-the-sites reactivity. AB - Half-of-the-sites reactivity in oligomeric enzymes has generally been accepted as evidence for structural asymmetry between subunits. However, we show that the symmetric two-state allosteric model [Monod, J., Wyman, J., & Changeux, J.-P. (1965) J. Mol. Biol. 12, 88-118] is quantitatively consistent with half-of-the sites reactivity data for several hexameric and tetrameric enzymes. Specifically, the time courses for both the modification and the inactivation of glutamate dehydrogenase by glutamyl alpha-chloromethyl ketone and uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase by 5-(iodoacetamidoethyl)aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid are fit with just five parameters for each enzyme-modifier pair. In the case of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, the time courses for modification of the yeast enzyme by iodoacetic acid and the rabbit-muscle enzyme by 3,3,3 trifluorobromoacetone are fit with the same model, and parameter values from these fits are used to generate theoretical inactivation curves which are found to agree well with the experimentally measured inactivation. We conclude that half-of-the-sites reactivity, if it is not an artifact of residual heterogeneity, could be a kinetic phenomenon related to metastability of partially modified states of a symmetric oligomer and that asymmetry between subunits should therefore not necessarily be inferred from such behavior. If similar metastability occurs in substrate binding, it may play a significant role in mechanism of catalysis and control. In such cases, the virtual inaccessibility of the substrate binding equilibrium would preclude conventional quasi-equilibrium models for the enzyme kinetics. PMID- 7028098 TI - Purification and specificity of a membrane-bound metalloendopeptidase from bovine pituitaries. AB - A metalloendopeptidase optimally active at a neutral pH was purified 10000-fold from particulate fractions of bovine pituitaries. The solubilized enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of about 90 000, as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and G-100 columns. The enzyme is not sensitive to inhibition by SH blocking agents, diisopropyl fluorophosphate, leupeptin, pepstatin, antipain, and chymostatin. Thiols and metal chelators such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) o-phenanthroline are inhibitory. An EDTA-treated enzyme can be reactivated by several divalent metal ions, with zinc giving reactivation at the lowest concentrations. The specificity and kinetic parameters of the enzyme were studied with a series of synthetic peptide naphthylamides. The enzyme cleaves bonds in which the amino group is provided by a hydrophobic amino acid residue (position P1'). Replacement of this residue by small neutral amino acids decreases or virtually eliminates activity. The nature of substituents in positions P1, P2, P3, and P4 greatly influences specificity. Relatively high kcat and kcat/Km ratios were obtained with substrates containing arginine residues in positions P1 and P2. In such cases the impression of a "trypsin-like" activity was created. High reaction rates were also observed with substrates containing small neutral amino acids in positions P1 and P2, provided that position P3 was occupied by the acidic (polar) glutaryl residue. Replacement of this residue with hydrophobic substituents greatly decreased the rate of reaction. When positions P1 and P2, however, were occupied by arginine residues, the unfavorable effect of hydrophobic substituents in position P3 or P4 on catalysis was eliminated. PMID- 7028099 TI - Kinetics of head-tail joining in bacteriophage T4D studied by quasi-elastic light scattering: effects of temperature, pH, and ionic strength. PMID- 7028100 TI - Physical mechanism for regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent glucose transport activity in Escherichia coli. AB - The activity of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent glucose phosphotransferase system (PTS) in Escherichia coli is coupled to the oxidation-reduction potential. It is inhibited when the redox potential is increased above -300 mV either via substrate oxidation or via direct addition of oxidizing agents. Depending on the point of addition, dithiothreitol either blocks or reverses these effects. Inhibition occurs at the level of sugar binding to EII. A sulfhydryl group associated with EII activity undergoes reversible oxidation to, presumably, a disulfide, resulting in the conversion of EII from a reduced, high-affinity form to an oxidized, low-affinity form which has a 10(2)-10(3) times lower affinity for the sugar. An identical change in affinity occurs as the result of the generation of a delta mu H+ during the oxidation of reduced N-methylphenazonium methosulfate or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. In this case, uncouplers and ionophores reverse the change. A mechanism is proposed in which the electrical potential difference across the membrane regulates the glucose PTS by shifting the midpoint potential of the EII-associated redox transition to more negative values. As a result, EII is converted to the oxidized, low-affinity state in the presence of a delta mu H+. PMID- 7028101 TI - Purification and characterization of Escherichia coli formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase that excises damaged 7-methylguanine from deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - A DNA glycosylase that excises 7-methylguanines with alkali-opened imidazole rings (formamidopyrimidines) from DNA has been purified more than 8000-fold from Escherichia coli cell extracts. The enzyme does not cleave 3-methyladenine, uracil, and intact 7-methylguanine from DNA. In assays containing pyrimidine analogues like oxauracil, 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine, 2,5,6-triamino-2 hydroxypyrimidine sulfate, formamidopyrimidine, and 5-nitroso-2,4,6 triaminopyrimidine, only the two compounds showed end product inhibition of the enzyme. The enzyme has been named formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase. It has a molecular weight of 30 000 and a Stokes radius of 26.4 A. The enzyme prefers double-stranded to single-stranded DNA and is stimulated by the presence of 0.1 M KCl in the reaction mixture. PMID- 7028102 TI - Escherichia coli single-strand deoxyribonucleic acid binding protein: stability, specificity, and kinetics of complexes with oligonucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - The complex formation between the single-strand DNA binding protein (ssB protein) from Escherichia coli and oligonucleotides and single-stranded DNA has been studied by using fluorescence titrations, ultracentrifugation measurements, and fast kinetic techniques. Determination of the stoichiometries of oligo(dT)--ssB complexes shows that each of the four subunits of the ssB protein represents a binding site for an oligonucleotide about eight residues long. Occupation of all four binding sites with oligo(dT) or poly(dT) leads to 80% quenching of the intrinsic protein fluorescence. The binding sites are nearly equivalent and independent. For d(pT)16, the intrinsic binding constant is 6 X 10(5) M-1, and for d(pT)30-40, which is long enough to extend continuously over the ssB tetramer, the binding constant is higher than 5 X 10(8) M-1. Oligoadenylates bind about 2 orders of magnitude weaker than the corresponding oligo(dT) species. The binding of oligo(dT) is very weakly dependent on ionic strength, in contrast to the oligo(dA)--ssB complex formation. For d(pT)8, d(pT)16, and d(pT)30-40, the complex formation can be described by a simple one-step reaction. The strength of the interaction is mainly expressed in the rate constant of dissociation. In the cooperative complexes with poly(dT) or poly(dA), all four binding sites on the ssB tetramer are also occupied. It is concluded that single-stranded DNA is coiled around the ssB molecule. Fluorescence melting experiments of the complexes show that the conformation of the single-stranded DNA has a strong influence on the stability of the complexes. PMID- 7028103 TI - Sulfhydryl and histidinyl residues in the flavoenzyme alcohol oxidase from Candida boidinii. PMID- 7028104 TI - Minor collagens of chicken hyaline cartilage. PMID- 7028105 TI - Effect of transfer ribonucleic acid dimer formation on polyphenylalanine biosynthesis. AB - Escherichia coli tRNAPhe (anticodon GAA) as well as yeast tRNAPhe (anticodon GmAA) forms a strong complex with E. coli tRNAGlu (anticodon s2UUC) through an interaction between their complementary anticodons. This interaction inhibits aminocylation of tRNAPhe but not the formation of a complex with elongation factor Tu. Moreover, at 0 degrees C, tRNAGlu strongly inhibits the binding of Phe tRNA to poly(U)-programmed ribosomes via either the enzymic (EF-Tu-promoted) or nonenzymic pathway. At 15 degrees C, tRNAGlu effectively inhibits polyphenylanine synthesis in the E. coli system. The inhibition is reversed at 37 degrees C, where the Phe-tRNA.tRNAGlu dimer is dissociated. Calculations based upon the E. coli intracellular concentrations of tRNAs and the published rates of association and dissociation of the tRNA dimers suggest that this interaction may inhibit protein synthesis in vivo at temperatures below 15 degrees C. PMID- 7028106 TI - Properties of P3 esters of nucleoside triphosphates as substrates for RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli. AB - P3-[(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)amino]ethyl (DNPNHEt) and P3-methyl phosphate esters of nucleoside 5'-triphosphates have been synthesized. Their properties as substrates in the initiation and elongation steps of transcription have been examined by using RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli and poly[d(A-T)] or T7 DNA as templates. It is shown that transcription can be initiated by ATP-EtNHDNP and that 2,4-dinitrophenyl residues are incorporated at the 5' end of the RNA molecules. Steady-state kinetic experiments of abortive initation on promoters A1 and A3 of T7 DNA revealed that ATP-EtNHDNP, ADP-EtNHDNP, and ATP-OCH3 have lower Km values and markedly reduced Vmax values compared to those of ATP. The two classes of esters, NTR-EtNHDNP and NTP-OCH3, were found to differ regarding their utilization as substrates for elongation. Both ATP-OCH3 and UTP-OCH3 are substrates for transcription. However, only the pyrimidine derivatives of NTP EtNHDNP are elongation substrates which release DNPNHEt-PP upon utilization. This dramatic difference between the purine and pyrimidine derivatives of NTP-EtNHDNP reflects a selective process in the transcriptional complex for purines and pyrimidines. PMID- 7028107 TI - In vitro conversion of leucine to valine: configurational assignment of [5 13C]leucines. AB - Chiral (2S)-[5-13C]leucine was obtained from Escherichia coli deficient in the synthesis of acetolactate when cultures were supplemented with (RS)-[2 13CH3]acetolactate. The carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum showed one strong peak with a chemical shift of 21.4 ppm relative to tetramethylsilane [Sylvester, S. R., & Stevens, C. M. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 4529-4531]. Silver picolinate oxidation of the labeled leucine gave isovaleric acid which was then brominated at the alpha position to give (2RS)-2-bromo[3-13CH3]-isovaleric acid (2-bromo-3-[13C]methylbutanoic acid). Aminolysis afforded (2RS)-[4-13C]valine which was treated with D-amino acid oxidase in the presence of catalase. The final product was identified as (2S,3S)-[4-13C]valine by the specificity of D amino acid oxidase, by amino acid analysis, and by the persistence of a strong signal at gamma 17.8 in the carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectrum. These results establish the absolute configuration of the biosynthetic leucine to be (2S,4S)-[5 13C]leucine. PMID- 7028108 TI - Identification of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-hexaprenylbenzoic acid as a new intermediate in ubiquinone biosynthesis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A ubiquinone-deficient mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 26H, was found to accumulate a previously unidentified intermediate in ubiquinone biosynthesis when grown in the presence of p-hydroxy[7-14C]- or -[u-14C]benzoic acid. This intermediate was isolated from the lipid extracts of a 100-L culture of 26H and purified by various chromatographic procedures to yield 20 mg of product. Analysis by means of NMR, IR, UV, and mass spectrometry revealed the structure of this new intermediate to be 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-hexaprenylbenzoic acid (3 MHHB). In vitro experiments with isolated yeast and rat mitochondria showed that 3-MHHB could be converted to ubiquinone-6. These findings indicate that 3-O methylation precedes decarboxylation of the prenylated protocatechuic acid intermediate in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone in eukaryotes. PMID- 7028109 TI - Primary deuterium and tritium isotope effects upon V/K in the liver alcohol dehydrogenase reaction with ethanol. AB - The primary isotope effect upon V/K when ethanol stereospecifically labeled with deuterium or tritium is oxidized by liver alcohol dehydrogenase has been measured between pH 6 and 9. The deuterium isotope effect was obtained with high reproducibility by the use of two different radioactive tracers, viz. 14C and 3H, to follow the rate of acetaldehyde formation from deuterium-labeled ethanol and normal ethanol, respectively. Synthesis of the necessary labeled compounds is described in this and earlier work referred to. V/K isotope effects for both tritium and deuterium have been measured with three different coenzymes, NAD+, thio-NAD+, and acetyl-NAD+. With NAD+ at pH 7, D(V/K) was 3.0 and T(V/K) was 6.5. With increasing pH, these values decreased to 1.5 and 2.5 at pH 9. The intrinsic isotope effect evaluated by the method of Northrop [Northrop, D.B. (1977) in Isotope Effects on Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions (Cleland, W. W., O'Leary, M, H., & Northrop, D. B., Eds.) pp 112-152, University Park Press, Baltimore] varies little with pH. It amounts to about 10 with NAD+ and about 5 with the coenzyme analogues. Commitment functions and their dependence upon pH calculated in this connection appear to be in agreement with known kinetic parameters of liver alcohol dehydrogenase. This assay method was also applied in vivo in the rat. Being a noninvasive method because only trace amounts of isotopes are needed, it may yield information about alternative routes of ethanol oxidation in vivo. In naive rats at low concentrations of ethanol, it confirms the discrete role of the non alcohol dehydrogenase systems. PMID- 7028110 TI - Evidence that the insulin-like activities of concanavalin A and insulin are mediated by a common insulin receptor linked effector system. PMID- 7028111 TI - Amino acid sequence of the variable regions of heavy chains from two idiotypically cross-reactive human IgM anti-gamma-globulins of the Wa group. AB - The amino acid sequences of the variable regions of the heavy chains derived from two idiotypically related human monoclonal rheumatoid factors are reported. The sequences were obtained through automated Edman degradations of the intact, pyroglutamate aminopeptidase cleaved heavy chains and peptides produced from digestion of the pentameric IgM with CNBr. The peptides generated from the CNBr reaction were further digested by trypsin and the Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. Comparisons of these sequences and those of the light chains from these molecules [Andrews, D. W., & Capra, J. D. (1981) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)] suggest that the idiotypic determinant(s) in this system may reside in the framework portions of these molecules or in their J segments. PMID- 7028112 TI - Fluorescence polarization studies of the interaction of Escherichia coli protein synthesis initiation factor 3 with 30S ribosomal subunits. AB - Steady-state fluorescence polarization techniques were used to study the binding of initiation factor 3 (IF3) to 30S ribosomal subunits. Covalent fluorescent derivatives of IF3 were prepared by treating the pure protein with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The fluorescein-labeled IF3 (F-IF3) contained 0.8--1.7 dye molecules per protein. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the derivatized forms is consistent with the view that the probe is randomly attached, presumably to lysine epsilon-amino groups. The activity of F-IF3 is not impaired in assays for binding to 30S ribosomal subunits or in promoting formylmethionyl-tRNA binding to 70S ribosomes. Fluorescence polarization values were measured at different F-IF3 and 30S ribosomal subunit concentrations, and the association constant and number of binding sites were calculated. In buffer containing 10 mM magnesium acetate and 100 mM ammonium chloride, the association constant is (3.1 +/- 1.4) x 10(7) M-1, and the number of ribosomal binding sites is 1.2 +/- 0.2. The value for the association constant varies inversely with the ammonium chloride and magnesium acetate concentrations by a small amount. Competition studies show that nonderivatized IF3 binds to 30S ribosomal subunits with the same affinity as F-IF3. Therefore, the association constants measured for F-IF3 are valid for IF3 as well. PMID- 7028113 TI - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the effect of oxygen upon glycolysis in yeast. PMID- 7028114 TI - Membrane potentials in respiring and respiration-deficient yeasts monitored by a fluorescent dye. AB - Changes in fluorescence of 3,3'-dipropylthiodicarbocyanine iodide which had been equilibrated with suspensions of the wild-type yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and of respiration-deficient mutants were followed. The changes have been attributed to changes of yeast membrane potentials, since the fluorescence with wild-type yeast could be affected in a predictable manner by uncouplers and the pore forming agent nystatin. As in other systems, a rise of steady-state fluorescence was ascribed to depolarization and a drop of the fluorescence to hyperpolarization. (1) A considerable rise in steady-state fluorescence was brought about by addition of antimycin A or some other mitochondrial inhibitors to respiring cells. A major part of the composite membrane potential monitored in intact yeast cells appeared to be represented by the membrane potential of mitochondria. (2) Addition of D-glucose and of other substrates of hexokinase, including non-metabolizable 2-deoxy-D-glucose, induced a two-phase response of fluorescence, indicating transient depolarization followed by repolarization. Such a response was not elicited by other sugars which had been reported to be transported into the cells by a glucose carrier or by D-galactose in galactose adapted cells. The depolarization was explained by electrogenic ATP exit from mitochondria to replenish the ATP consumed in the Hexokinase reaction and the repolarization by subsequent activation of respiration. (3) In non-respiring cells only a drop in fluorescence was induced by glucose and this was ascribed to an ATP-dependent polarization of the plasma membrane. (4) Steady-state fluorescence in suspensions of respiration-deficient mutants, lacking cytochrome a, cytochrome b, or both, was high an remained unaffected by uncouplers and nystatin. This indicates that membranes of the mutants may have been entirely depolarized. A partial polarization, apparently restricted to the plasma membrane, could be achieved by glucose addition. PMID- 7028115 TI - Hydrogen bonding requirements for the insulin-sensitive sugar transport system of rat adipocytes. AB - (1) The t 1/2 for 1.3 mM D-allose uptake and efflux in insulin-stimulated adipocytes is 1.7 +/- 0.1 min. In the absence of insulin mediated uptake of D allose is virtually eliminated and the uptake rate (t 1/2 = 75.8 +/- 4.99 min) is near that calculated for nonmediated transport. The kinetic parameters for D allose zero-trans uptake in insulin-treated cells are Koizt = 271.3 +/- 34.2 mM, Voizt = 1.15 +/- 0.12 mM . s-1. (2) A kinetic analysis of the single-gate transporter (carrier) model interacting with two substrates (or substrate plus inhibitor) is presented. The analysis shows that the heteroexchange rates for two substrates interacting with the transporter are not unique and can be calculated from the kinetic parameters for each sugar acting alone with the transporter. This means that the equations for substrate analogue inhibition of the transport of a low affinity substrate such as D-allose can be simplified. It is shown that for the single gate transporter the Ki for a substrate analogue inhibitor should equal the equilibrium exchange Km for this analogue. (3) Analogues substituted at C-1 show a fused pyranose ring is accepted by the transporter. 1-Deoxy-D-glucose is transported but has low affinity for the transporter. High affinity can be restored by replacing a fluorine in the beta-position at C-1. The Ki for D glucose = 8.62 mM; the Ki for beta-fluoro-D-glucose = 6.87 mM. Replacing the ring oxygen also results in a marked reduction in affinity. The Ki for 5-thio-D glucose = 42.1 mM. (4) A hydroxyl in the gluco configuration at C-2 is not required as 2-deoxy-D-galactose (Ki = 20.75 mM) has a slightly higher affinity than D-galactose (Ki = 24.49 mM). A hydroxyl in the manno configuration at C-2 interferes with transport as D-talose (Ki = 35.4 mM) has a lower affinity than D galactose. (5) D-Allose (Km = 271.3 mM) and 3-deoxy-D-glucose (Ki = 40.31 mM) have low affinity but high affinity is restored by substituting a fluorine in the gluco configuration at C-3. The Ki for 3-fluoro-D-glucose = 7.97 mM. (6) Analogues modified at C-4 and C-6 do not show large losses in affinity. However, 6-deoxy-D-glucose (Ki = 11.08 mM) has lower affinity than D-glucose and 6-deoxy-D galactose (Ki = 33.97 mM) has lower affinity than D-galactose. Fluorine solution at C-6 of D-galactose restores high affinity. The Ki for 6-fluoro-D-galactose = 6.67 mM. Removal of the C-5 hydroxymethyl group results in a large affinity loss. The Ki for D-xylose = 45.5 mM. The Ki for L-arabinose = 49.69 mM. (7) These results indicate that the important hydrogen bonding positions involved in sugar interaction with the insulin-stimulated adipocytes transporter are the ring oxygen, C-1 and C-3. There may be a weaker hydrogen bond to C-6. Sugar hydroxyls in non-gluco configurations may sterically hinder transport. PMID- 7028116 TI - Uridine and uracil transport in Escherichia coli and transport-deficient mutants. AB - Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 which are defective in components of transport systems for uracil and uridine were isolated and utilized to characterize the transport mechanism of uracil and uridine. Mutant U-, isolated from a culture of the parent strain, is resistant to 5-fluorouracil and is deficient in the uracil transport system. Mutant UR-, isolated from a culture of the parent strain, is resistant to a low concentration of showdomycin and lacks the capacity to transport intact uridine. Mutant U-UR- isolated from a culture of mutant U-, is resistant to a low concentration of showdomycin and is defective in both uracil and intact uridine transport processes. Mutant UR-R- was isolated from a culture of mutant UR-, and is resistant to a high concentration of showdomycin. This mutant is defective for transport of intact uridine and addition lacks the transport system for the ribose moiety of uridine. Characteristics of uracil and uridine transport in parent and mutant cells demonstrate the existence of specific transport processes for uracil, intact uridine and the uracil and ribose moieties of uridine. Mutants U- and UR-, which are defective for uracil transport, lack uracil phosphoribosyltransferase activity and retain a small but significant capacity to transport uracil. The data support the conclusion that uracil is transported by two mechanisms, the major one of which requires uracil phosphoribosyltransferase activity, while the other process involves the transport of uracil as such. The characteristics of uridine transport in parent and mutant strains show that, in addition to transport as the intact nucleoside, uridine is rapidly cleaved to the uracil and ribose moieties. The latter is transported into the cell by a process which, in contrast to transport of intact uridine, does not require an energy source. The uracil moiety is released into the medium and is transported by the uracil transport system. Whole cells of the parent and mutant strains differ in their ability to cleave uridine even though cell-free extracts of all the strains have similar uridine phosphorylase activity. The data implicate a uridine cleavage enzyme in a group transport of the ribose moiety of uridine, a process which is nonfunctional in mutants which lack the capacity to transport the ribose moiety of uridine. A common transport component for this process and the transport of intact uridine is indicated by similarities in the inhibitory effects of heterologous nucleosides on these processes. PMID- 7028117 TI - L-Sorbose phosphorylation in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - L-Sorbose is phosphorylated by Escherichia coli by two distinct Enzymes II of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. The glucose Enzyme II (specified by the gene ptsG) phosphorylates L-sorbose with an apparent Km of 0.08 +/- 0.03 mM and V of 31.8 +/- 3.5 nmol . mg-1 . min-1 whilst the fructose Enzyme II (specified by the gene ptsF) phosphorylates it with an apparent Km of 28.9 +/- 2.7 mM and V of 20.2 +/- 0.8 nmol . mg-1 . min-1. L-Sorbose induces neither of these Enzymes II, but sorbose inhibits the growth of strains expressing either of these functions constitutively. Mutants that have lost their sensitivity to L sorbose are found to have lost either the glucose or the fructose phosphotransferase Enzyme II.U PMID- 7028118 TI - Endotoxin-induced alterations in glucose transport in isolated adipocytes. AB - 2-Deoxyglucose and 3-O-methylglucose were used to assess endotoxin-induced changes in glucose transport in rat adipocytes. 6 h after Escherichia coli endotoxin injection insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake was significantly depressed (V decreased, Km unaltered), phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose was seemingly unimpaired; basal 3-methylglucose entry was significantly increased, insulin-stimulated uptake was unaltered. Insulin significantly reduced Km in control and endotoxin-treated cells. Cytochalasin B-insensitive uptake of both 2 deoxy-glucose and 3-methylglucose, a small fraction of total transport, increased significantly in endotoxic cells. Endotoxin reduced spermine- and insulin stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake to a similar extent. Results are consistent with the hypotheses that (1) a site of endotoxin-induced insulin resistance is at the cell membrane level and may reflect a decrease in number of activity of effective carrier units, rather than alterations in affinity, (2) endotoxin does not compromise the hexokinase system, (3) the cell membrane-localized effect of endotoxin on hexose transport is not necessarily mediated by the insulin receptor and (4) the entry of 2-deoxyglucose and 3-methyl-glucose may involve two separate transport systems. PMID- 7028119 TI - Evidence for binding of NAD dimers to NAD-dependent dehydrogenases. AB - The binding of dimers of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, (NAD)2, to lactate, malate and alcohol dehydrogenase has been studied by the fluorescence quenching technique. While the alcohol dehydrogenase shows a low binding ability, malate and lactate dehydrogenases have been found to bind (NAD)2 in a specific way with high affinity. Malate dehydrogenase binds (NAD)2 more than NADH. All three dehydrogenases are inhibited by (NAD)2, which behaves as a competitive inhibitor with respect to both NAD+ and NADH. The results show that (NAD)2 is bound to the nucleotide-specific binding site of the dehydrogenases. (NAD)2 was found to stoichiometrically react with ferricyanide at variance with NADH. The specific interactions with the NAD-dependent dehydrogenases and the ability to enter in monoelectronic redox cycles suggest possible physiological roles for (NAD)2. PMID- 7028120 TI - Purification and properties of proteinase B from yeast. AB - Proteinase B (EC 3.4.22.9) was purified from commercial baker's yeast and from wild type strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. For large scale purification a procedure was developed involving hydrophobic chromatography on octyl-Sepharose 4B and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. A rapid purification of small amounts of proteinase B was achieved by affinity chromatography on the nitrated proteinase B inhibitor, immobilized on CH Sepharose according to Bunning and Holzer (Bunning, P. and Holzer, H. (1977). J. Biol. Chem. 252, 5316-5323). The enzyme prepared from all three sources appeared to be homogeneous and exhibited a molecular weight of 33 000 in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Homogeneity and molecular weight were confirmed for the enzyme from baker's yeast by ultracentrifugation studies. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without SDS and electrofocusing however, indicated microheterogeneity of the proteinase B activity. The aminoterminal residue of the enzyme was found to be glycine. Proteinase B turned out to be a glycoprotein, containing 8-9% neutral sugars and 1.5% amino sugars. The enzyme is blocked by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and by the serine proteinase inhibitors DFP and PMSF. Among the proteinase inhibitors from microbial origin, chymostatin and antipain were the most powerful inhibitors of proteinase B. PMID- 7028121 TI - The substrate specificity of proteinase B from baker's yeast. AB - The substrate specificity of proteinase B (EC 3.4.22.9) from Baker's yeast was studied. Experiments with unblocked synthetic peptides indicated that the enzyme has no aminopeptidase activity. The proteinase cleaves trypsin substrates like Bz Arg-OEt, Bz-Arg-pNA and Bz-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-pNA and chymotrypsin substrates like Ac-Tyr-OEt and Bz-Tyr-pNA. The Km value for Ac-Tyr-OEt is similar to that of chymotrypsin A, but the catalytic activity per mol proteinase B amounts to only 1/20 that of chymotrypsin A. Km and kcat for Bz-Arg-OEt are 1/50 and 1/7 as high as the corresponding values determined for trypsin. Proteinase B cleaved the oxidized insulin B chain with an initial rapid cleavage step at Leu(15)-Tyr(16) and Phe(24)-Phe(25). Slower hydrolysis was observed at Gln(4)-His(5), Leu(11) Val(12) Tyr(16)-Leu(17), Leu(17)-Val(18), Arg(22)-Gly(23) and Phe(25)-Tyr(26). These results suggest that the specificity of proteinase B is comparable to the specificity of porcine chymotrypsin C as well as of trypsin. When the hexapeptide Leu-Trp-Met-Arg-Phe-Ala was used as a substrate for proteinase B, the enzyme preferentially attacked at Arg-Phe and more slowly at Trp-Met. PMID- 7028122 TI - Mast cell origin of 'myofibrillar protease' of rat skeletal and heart muscle. PMID- 7028123 TI - Degradation of proinsulin and isolated C-peptide by rat kidney neutral metallo endopeptidase. AB - Previous studies have shown that a neutral metallo-endopeptidase purified from rat kidney degrades the B chain of insulin, glucagon, ACTH and, at a markedly slower rate, the A chain of insulin. In contrast the enzyme does not attack native insulin, oxytocin, vasopressin, ribonuclease, albumin or denatured hemoglobin. The current studies demonstrate that the neutral peptidase also degrades the isolated C-peptide of proinsulin and cleaves certain peptide bonds in and near the C-peptide moiety of native proinsulin. Time courses of the formation of fluorescamine-reactive material during digestion of proinsulin and isolated C-peptide with the peptidase were identical. However, structural analysis of the peptidase-digested proinsulin showed that the enzyme does not convert proinsulin to insulin but that the peptidase cleaves one bond, Tyr26 Thr27, in the B chain moiety and five bonds in the C-peptide moiety, producing four split proinsulins. One of the split proinsulins is des-octacosa-peptide (27 54) porcine proinsulin or des-tetracosapeptide (27-50) bovine proinsulin. Each is a derivative of the insulin molecule having an extension of nine residues (ten residues in the case of the derivative from bovine proinsulin) at the N-terminus of A chain and lacking four residues at the C-terminus of B chain. This two chain derivative retains full immunoreactivity with insulin antibodies and exhibits 2.4 times more biological activity (promotion of glycogenesis in primary cultured hepatocytes) than proinsulin and about two-thirds the activity of insulin. PMID- 7028124 TI - Studies on aspartase. VII. Subunit arrangement of Escherichia coli aspartase. AB - Aspartase (L-aspartate ammonia-lyase, EC 4.3.1.1) of Escherichia coli is composed of four subunits of seemingly identical molecular weight (Suzuki, S., Yamaguchi, J. And Tokushige, M.(1973) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 321, 369-381). The subunit arrangement of the enzyme was studied by two distinct methods, cross-linking of subunits with a bifunctional reagent, dimethyl suberimidate, and statistical classification of negatively stained electron microscopic images. In the former method, the densitometric patterns of the cross-linked aspartase were analyzed quantitatively after separating each component by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the results were compared with the theoretical distribution. In the latter method, a number of electron microscopic images were classified into several groups according to their characteristic appearance. The results obtained by these two methods are compatible with the possibility that the enzyme has a tetrameric structure consisting of two pairs of dimers, in which the two pairs of rod-shape subunits meet perpendicularly, being typical of D2 symmetry. PMID- 7028125 TI - L-Lactate as a source of carbon for fatty acid synthesis in adult and foetal sheep. AB - The contribution of carbon from acetate, glucose and L-lactate to fatty acid synthesis has been compared in adipose tissue from adult and foetal sheep. Adipose tissue slices were incubated with mixtures of acetate, glucose and L lactate at concentrations found in sheep blood. Under these conditions acetate, glucose and L-lactate contributed 95, 2 and 3%, respectively, of the C2 units used for fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue slices from adult sheep. In contrast, acetate, glucose and L-acetate provided 50, 17 and 33%, respectively, of the C2 units for fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue slices from foetal lambs (about 30 days prior to birth). The contribution of acetate and L-lactate carbon to fatty acid synthesis varied with their concentrations over the normal physiological range at both ages. We conclude that L-lactate is normally a minor source of carbon for fatty acid synthesis in the adult sheep but is an important source in foetal lambs. PMID- 7028126 TI - Purification and properties of thiol protease inhibitor from rat liver cytosol. AB - Thiol protease inhibitors were found in the cytosol fractions of various rat tissues. An inhibitor, named cytosol thiol protease inhibitor, was purified from rat liver cytosol by acid treatment and column chromatographies on Sephadex G-50, DEAE-Sephadex and Sephadex G-75. The purified inhibitor gave a single protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the inhibitor was found to be 12 400 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and its isoelectric point was found to be 5.04. This inhibitor inhibited rat liver lysosomal cathepsin B, B2, C, H and L and papain, but not cathepsin A or D, trypsin or chymotrypsin. The inhibitor caused noncompetitive inhibition of the hydrolytic activity of cathepsin H on alpha-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine 2-naphthylamide and its Ki value was 4.08 . 10(-8) M. Heat treatment at 80 degrees C for 10 min reduced the activity 40%. PMID- 7028127 TI - High levels of active 40 000-dalton renin in mouse saliva, but no evidence of inactive or high molecular weight forms. AB - The presence of renin in parasympathetically elicited mouse saliva was demonstrated by using both the antibody trapping method, which measures renin's enzymatic activity, and a direct radioimmunoassay, which detects the renin molecule by its antigenic properties. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of saliva samples using an antiserum elicited against pure submaxillary renin showed only one precipitation line, indicating the presence of only one form of renin. The position of the line was similar to that found when submaxillary gland extract was subjected to crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed complete identity between antigenic determinants in submaxillary and salivary renin. An apparent molecular weight of about 35 000 and 38 000 was found when saliva samples were subjected to gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 44 and Sephadex G-100, respectively. No high molecular weight forms were present and no inactive forms could be demonstrated after limited pepsin or trypsin proteolysis. The specific enzymatic activity of renin in pilocarpine saliva was 0.37 Goldblatt Units (G.U.) . microgram-1, which is identical to that of pure submaxillary gland renin (0.41 G.U. . microgram-1) and to that to the storage form of renin in the submaxillary gland (0.4 G.U. . microgram-1) An identical Km value was found for salivary renin, 1.01 microM, and for pure submaxillary renin, 0.98 microM. It is concluded that renin in pilocarpine elicited saliva is similar to the storage form of renin in the submaxillary gland with respect to molecular weight, enzymatic and immunological properties. PMID- 7028128 TI - Phosphorescence of alkaline phosphatase of E. coli in vitro and in situ. AB - Escherichia coli K-12, which is rich in alkaline phosphatase, exhibits phosphorescence characteristic of tryptophan at room temperature. E coli mutants which do not have alkaline phosphatase do not show long-lived phosphorescence. The phosphorescence spectrum and lifetime of E. coli K-12 was similar to that of purified alkaline phosphatase from E. coli. These results indicate that the long lived tryptophan phosphorescence in E. coli is likely to be derived from alkaline phosphatase in situ. The temperature dependence of tryptophan phosphorescence life-time of purified alkaline phosphatase and E. coli K-12 differ; this may imply that alkaline phosphatase in E. coli may be associated with the cell envelope and is therefore protected against structural changes in the protein which result in increased phosphorescence decay rates. PMID- 7028129 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of amino acid-induced insulin release. Synergistic effects of L-glutamine and 2-keto acids upon insulin secretion. PMID- 7028130 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of amino acid-induced insulin release. Metabolic interaction of L-glutamine and 2-ketoisocaproate in pancreatic islets. AB - 1. The metabolic situation found in pancreatic islets exposed to both L-glutamine and 2-ketoisocaproate was investigated in order to assess its relevance to the synergistic effects of these nutrients upon insulin release. 2. In islet homogenates, serveral 2-keto acids could be used as partners for the transamination of L-glutamate to 2-ketoglutarate. The rate of transamination did not correlate positively with the capacity of each 2-keto acid to stimulate insulin release in the presence of L-glutamine. 3. L-Glutamine enhanced the production of L-leucine from 2-ketoisocaproate and inhibited the conversion of the 2-keto acid to acetoacetate and CO2. L-Glutamine also inhibited the oxidation of pyruvate. 4. In the presence of 2-ketoisocaproate, the rate of generation of 2 ketoglutarate from exogenous L-glutamine was increased, but the oxidative deamination of glutamate was suppressed. 5. L-Valine antagonized the effect of 2 ketoisocaproate to augment 14CO2 output from islets prelabelled with L-[U 14C]glutamine. 6. L-Glutamine did not increase the islet content of reduced pyridine nucleotides beyond the high level reached in the sole presence of 2 ketoisocaproate. 7. If allowance was made for the influence of exogenous nutrients upon the oxidation of endogenous nutrients, the insulin output evoked by L-glutamine and/or 2-keto acids tightly depended on the increment in oxidation rate attributable to these nutrients. 8. The metabolic and secretory responses to L-glutamine and 2-ketoisocaproate were best explained by a stimulation of transamination reactions between 2-ketoisocaproate and glutamate derived from exogenous glutamine. PMID- 7028131 TI - Insulin binding in cultured Chinese hamster kidney epithelial cells. The effects of glucose concentration in the medium and tunicamycin. AB - An epithelial cell line established from a Chinese hamster kidney, CHK-ACE, was separated into two sublines, CHK-ACE-100 and CHK-ACE-400, by 18 successive passages in medium containing 100 and 400 mg/dl glucose, respectively. Binding of CHK-ACE-100 and CHK-ACE-400 cell to 125I-labeled insulin showed similar pH and time dependency; 125I-labeled insulin, concentration differed in the two sublines, however. Degradation of 125I-labeled insulin, as determined by its ability to bind insulin antibody and cells, was more extensive when preincubated with CHK-ACE-400 cell than with CHK-ACE-100 cells. When CHK-ACE-100 cells were grown in 400 mg/dl glucose for six passages, these cells showed more insulin binding sites than cells grown parallel in 100 mg/dl glucose; whereas CHK-ACE-400 cells grown in 100 mg/dl glucose for six passages showed fewer insulin binding sites than those grown parallel in 400 mg/dl glucose. A slight increase in Kf/Ke ratio was observed in both sublines when grown in 400 mg/dl glucose as compared to 100 mg/dl glucose, indicating attenuated negative cooperativity of the binding sites in cells grown in 400 mg/dl glucose. Tunicamycin, at concentrations from 0.016 to 0.125 micrograms/ml, showed no direct effect on the assay of 125I labeled insulin binding to CHK-ACE-100 cells; exposure of CHK-ACE-100 cells to tunicamycin, at concentrations from 0.01 to 0.2 micrograms/ml, for 24 h caused a dose-dependent decrease in insulin binding capacity and an increase in Kf/Ke ratio. These data indicate that the number of insulin binding sites in the cultured Chinese hamster kidney epithelial cells increased with high glucose concentrations in the culture medium, whereas tunicamycin, an inhibitor of protein glycosylation, lowered the number of insulin binding sites. PMID- 7028132 TI - Effect of unsaturated fatty acids on the biosynthesis of glucose-repressed enzymes in yeast. AB - In anaerobically glucose-grown yeast isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1.), and malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37.) are repressed by glucose. 24 h cultures still contain 0.3--0.4% glucose in the medium, which is enough to completely repress these activities. Aeration of these cells, in buffer containing acetate, initiates the formation of the three enzymes. Within 16 h, the specific activities of these enzymes increase about 140, 120 and 70-fold, respectively. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was not altered. When the yeast was grown anaerobically, but with a supplement of an unsaturated fatty acid in the medium, synthesis of the three enzymes was much faster and the specific activities after 16 h of derepression were considerably higher. A relationship exists between the number of double bonds in the unsaturated fatty acid molecule and its capability to stimulate enzyme synthesis: linolenic acid is more effective than linoleic acid, which, in turn, is much more effective than oleic acid. Increasing periods of aeration with glucose of anaerobically grown cells prior to derepression results in an increasing stimulation of enzyme synthesis on subsequent derepression. Anaerobic incubation of yeast in the presence of an unsaturated fatty acid in advance to derepression also increased the velocity of enzyme formation. It is suggested that during the aeration period with glucose and during anaerobic incubation with an unsaturated fatty acid a more active protein synthesizing apparatus was formed. PMID- 7028133 TI - Effects of alloxan on the islets of Langerhans: inhibition of leucine metabolism and insulin secretion. AB - The action of alloxan on the metabolism of the islets of Langerhans was studied in vitro. Isolated mouse islets were exposed to the drug at 4 degrees C to prevent its decomposition. Islet uptake of leucine was subsequently estimated at 37 degrees C, and was found not to be affected by the drug. However, islet leucine oxidation was strongly inhibited by the preceding alloxan exposure. The islets were protected against this inhibition by an incubation at a high glucose concentration prior to alloxan exposure. In contrast, a high concentration of leucine failed to provide full protection of either islet leucine oxidation or islet glucose oxidation. Furthermore, it was shown that alloxan impeded islet insulin response to both leucine and glucose. In addition, the potentiation of insulin release by theophylline was abolished after alloxan treatment of the islets. The results reinforce the hypothesis that the B-cytotoxicity of alloxan reflects an interaction with intracellular sites involved in the oxidative metabolism of the B-cell, and that these sites may be protected against the action of the drug by some metabolite of glucose. PMID- 7028134 TI - Comparative study on the effects of a hypoglycemic 2-substituted-2-imidazoline derivative (DG-5128) and tolbutamide on insulin secretion from and insulin synthesis in the isolated rat pancreatic islets. AB - 2[2-(4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-phenylethyl]pyridine dihydrochloride sesquihydrate (DG-5128) was found to stimulate the glucose-primed insulin secretion from the isolated rat pancreatic islets throughout the incubation period, unlike tolbutamide which stimulated it only in the initial phase of incubation. The effect of DG-5128 was more pronounced at a higher glucose concentration (5 mg/ml). In the islet perifusion study, DG-5128 was also found to stimulate the glucose-induced insulin secretion in both the first and the second phases of the reaction, in contrast to tolbutamide which stimulated only the first phase of insulin secretion from the perifused islets. DG-5128 gave no significant effect on the glucose-stimulated increase in incorporation of [3H]leucine into the proinsulin and insulin fractions, while tolbutamide significantly inhibited the incorporation especially at a low glucose concentration (1 mg/ml). These and the previous findings indicate that DG-5128 is a new class of hypoglycemic agent with a unique mode of action different from the known hypoglycemics ever reported. PMID- 7028135 TI - Release of neutral proteinases from mononuclear phagocytes and synovial cells in response to cartilaginous wear particles in vitro. AB - Cartilaginous wear particles were retrieved from synovial fluid aspirates of human diarthrodial joints and added to cultures of human or murine mononuclear phagocytes or human synovial cells. In each case, addition of the wear particles elevated the production of proteinases active at neutral pH against collage, gelatin, azocasein and the synthetic pentapeptide phenylazobenzyloxycarbonyl-L Pro-L-Leu-Gly-L-Pro-D-Arg. Synovial cells secreted more than five times as much collagenase as the same number of the other cells. All types of cell secreted significant quantities of enzymes active against the noncollagenous substrates. Mild treatment of the spent media with trypsin stimulated all of these eurmymic activities. The spent culture media of synovial cells which had been exposed to cartilaginous wear particles released hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycan from powdered cartilage, indicating the production of enzymes which degrade both the collagen and proteoglycan of th cartilaginous matrix. Cultures of mononuclear phagocytes, in contrast, while solubilizing chondroitin sulphate from cartilage, released very little hydroxyproline. The ability of wear particles to elicit these effects suggests a role for them in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and other types of joint deterioration. PMID- 7028136 TI - Triiodothyronine and growth hormone exert an opposite effect on the binding of growth hormone and insulin by hepatocytes from dwarf mouse. AB - Body weight increase together with growth hormone and insulin binding to isolated hepatocytes was used to study the effect of a chronic treatment of dwarf mice with triiodothyronine (T3), bovine growth hormone (GH) and T3 + bovine GH. After 4 weeks of treatment, the body weight increase was similar in all treated groups. However, the T3 and T3 + bovine GH treatment causes a more rapid increase in weight than bovine GH, from the first week of treatment. The binding of growth hormone was four times higher in T3 and T3 + bovine GH than in bovine GH and saline-injected mouse liver cells. This increase was mainly accounted for by a higher number of receptor sites in these cells. At low hormone concentrations, the binding of insulin expressed per unit of cell surface area was 1.3-fold lower in liver cells from bovine GH and T3 + bovine GH than in T3 and saline-injected mice. This decrease was mainly accounted for by a lower number of insulin receptors in these cells. The results presented indicate that bovine GH and T3 treatment affect the body weight increase in dwarf mice according to two mechanisms: (1) T3 increases the number of GH receptors in liver and probably GH content and secretion in pituitary; (2) GH increases the synthesis of somatomedins in liver. In addition, bovine GH treatment decreases the number of insulin receptors. PMID- 7028137 TI - A new test based on 'salting out' to measure relative surface hydrophobicity of bacterial cells. AB - A simple method for quantification of the hydrophobic surface properties of bacteria is described. The method is based on precipitation of cells by salts, for instance (NH4)2SO4. The order in which cells are precipitated is a measure of their surface hydrophobicities, the most hydrophobic cells being first precipitated at low salt concentration. Temperature, pH, time and the bacterial cell concentration were shown to affect the results. When these variables were kept constant the method was highly reproducible. This 'salting out' method was applied to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains with different surface protein antigens (fimbriae, fibrillae and colonization factor antigen, CFA). These enterotoxigenic E. coli strains were found to have surface hydrophobicity in the following order: CFA/I greater than CFA/II greater than K88 similar to K99 greater than type 1. PMID- 7028138 TI - [Isolation and some properties of polynucleotide phosphorylase from E. coli]. AB - A new method for isolation of polynucleotide phosphorylase from E. coli, including ion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration has been developed. The method results in 300-fold purification of the enzyme, which being devoid of nuclease and phosphatase activities can further be utilized for oligonucleotide synthesis. It was shown that upon storage the enzyme loses the primer-independent activity and in the absence of NaCl can be used for further syntheses. An addition of NaCl stimulates the elongation of the oligonucleotide chain. Some advantages of polynucleotide phosphorylase from E. coli in comparison with the M. luteus enzyme are discussed. PMID- 7028139 TI - [Modification of vetch seed reserve proteins during germination and limited proteolysis]. AB - The split-off 1-2 short peptides is the first stop in the endogenous protease A effect on the vetch legumin, which results in a step-wise rise of its hydrolyzability by two other endogenous proteases (B and C). Short neutral and basic peptides are consecutively split off from the acid subunits in the course of subsequent hydrolysis by protease A, while the breakdown of these subunits into larger fragments, which are retained in the legumin molecule by non-covalent bonds, occurs later. Similar results were obtained in experiments on trypsin action of legumin. Thus the initial course of legumin hydrolysis is largely determined by its structure. The changes of legumin during germination are similar to those occurring upon limited proteolysis by protease A. However, some differences are indicative of the existence of other factors responsible for the modification of this protein during germination. The modification of vicilin during germination and limited proteolysis occurs apparently in a similar way. PMID- 7028140 TI - [Extracellular serine proteinase of Bacillus thuringiensis]. AB - Pure extracellular serine proteinase has been isolated from a broth filtrate of Bacillus thuringiensis, strain 69-6R by fractionation with ammonium sulfate and affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B derivatives containing p-(omega aminomethyl)-phenylboronic acid and cyclopeptide bacillichin as ligands. The enzyme is completely inactivated by phenylmethylsolfonyl fluoride, a specific reagent for serine proteinases, has the molecular weight of 29 000 and pI of 8.4, reveals maximal activity and stability at pH 8.5 and is inactivated at pH values below 4 and above 10 and at temperatures above 60 degrees. The enzyme hydrolyzed azokasein, bovine serum albumin and synthetic chromogenic peptide substrates, e.g. benzyloxycarbonyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-leucyl p-nitroanilide and possesses the esterolytic activity. In terms of its physico-chemical characteristics, interaction with specific inhibitors and substrates, extracellular serine proteinase from Bacillus thuringiensis can be related to subtilisins. However, its amino acid composition-Lys16, His4, Arg8, Asx28, Thr16, Ser18, Glx29, Pro12, Gly32, Ala31, Val19, Met5, Ile12, Leu18, Tyr11, Phe10, Trp4 appears to be an intermediate between that of subtilisins and intracellular serine proteinases of Bacilli. PMID- 7028141 TI - [Intramolecular modification of azisobutyrylinsulin and the use of the modified hormone for the synthesis of polymeric derivatives]. AB - An intramolecular modification of insulin at the alpha-amino group of glycine (A1) and the epsilon-amino group of lysine (B29) was carried out. The modification resulted in a slight alteration of the insulin secondary structure; the modified hormone possessed a biological activity which was practically identical to that of the natural hormone. Therefore the modified insulin can be used as a high molecular weight physiologically active radical inducer for the synthesis of (A1-B29) polyvinylimidazole derivatives. The molecular weight of the covalently linked polymer can be variable. It was shown that the increase in the amount of modifying polymer in the conjugate results in stabilization of the insulin secondary structure concomitant with a decrease of the biological activity and, moreover, of the immunoresponsiveness of the hormone. PMID- 7028142 TI - [Preparation of RNAase-free E. coli ribosomes active in initiation of protein biosynthesis]. AB - The level of contaminating RNAases in the main components of the protein biosynthesis initiation system, the initiation factors and ribosomes of E. coli, was studied. It was shown that the ribosomes are the major source of contaminating RNAases. A simple procedure for purification of ribosomes active in initiation including Sephadex G-200 gel-filtration of unwashed ribosomes in a 1.5 M NH4Cl-containing buffer was developed. PMID- 7028143 TI - [Structural-functional characteristics of photosynthetic reaction centers extracted by treatment with lauryldimethylamine oxide from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides (wild type)]. AB - A method for isolation of photoactive reaction centers from Rps. sphaeroides (wild type) chromatophores, using lauryldimethylamine oxide (LDAO) as detergent, is described. The preparation obtained is free of a light-harvesting pigment protein complex and cytochromes. A high degree of purity can be demonstrated from the adsorption indexes of the preparation equal to A280 : A800 = 1.2--1.3; A760 : A800 : A870 = 1 : 2 : 0.9. Data from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggest that the integral protein component of the preparation is made up of three polypeptides with molecular weights of 30 000, 24 000 and 20 000. Under continuous illumination the preparation exhibits an effective electron transfer from the bacteriochlorophyll dimer (BChl)2 to a system of quinone acceptors (X1, X2). The ambient potential Em of (BChl)2 half-recovery was estimated as + 475 mV and pH 7.2. The rate constant for direct electron transfer from X1- to X2 is about 0.5 . 10(3) s-1 at 300 degrees K (0.01 M phosphate buffer; 0.05% LDAO, pH 7.2). The activity of this transfer is exponentially reduced with a decrease in temperature within the range of 300 to 230 degrees K, with an activation energy, Ea, of approximately equal to 8 kcal. The recombination rate constant of light induced ion-radicals, (BChl)2+ and X1-, was found to be 5 . 10(-2) s-1 at 180 degrees K. The preparations thus obtained can be used for studying mechanisms of primary events in photosynthesis and electron-exchange conformations in the reaction center. PMID- 7028144 TI - Comparative in vivo and in vitro effect of mono- and disaccharides on intestinal brush border enzyme activities in suckling rats. AB - Suckling rats were bottle fed during 48 h with a basic diet enriched with different mono- or disaccharides. In parallel, explants of intestinal mucosa were cultured in vitro for 48 h in the presence or in the absence of a synthetic glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) and with or without different carbohydrates. In both studies, enzyme activities were assayed on purified brush border membranes. From these combined in vivo and in vitro investigations it appeared that (1) there is a highly specific stimulation of mono- and disaccharides on the corresponding brush border disaccharidases: glucose, fructose, sucrose on sucrase and maltase activities, fructose being generally the most potent activator. Other brush border enzymes were not modified by the dietary carbohydrates. (2) These sugar-mediated effects were obtained only in the presence of glucocorticoids. This hormone alone induced the appearance of a slight sucrase activity and provoked a stimulation of maltase activity. The results show clearly that glucocorticoids are necessary to induce sucrase activity, but that the level of this activity is under the strict dependence of the dietary carbohydrates. PMID- 7028145 TI - Prepubertal endogenous major depressives hyposecrete growth hormone in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. AB - Insulin tolerance tests (ITT) were carried out during illness in 27 drug-free prepubertal children with emotional disorders: 10 fit unmodified Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for major depressive disorder endogenous subtype, 10 fit RDC for nonendogenous major depressive disorder, and 7 fit DSM-III criteria for nondepressed neurotic disorders. The endogenous depressed group hyposecreted growth hormone (GH) in this test as compared to the other groups. Since GH hyposecretion in response to ITT is a characteristic of adult endogenous depressives, the data support the validity of the diagnosis of prepubertal endogenous major depressive disorder and the hypothesis of similarity of prepubertal and adult major depressions. PMID- 7028146 TI - The major psychoses and neuroses as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: substrate pellagra. AB - Pellagra was once a major cause of three behaviorally different mental disorders schizophreniform, manic-depressive-like, and phobic neurotic - plus drying dermatoses, autonomic neuropathies, tinnitus, and fatigue. In this preliminary study all three of the corresponding present-day mental diseases are found to exhibit, statistically, the same pellagraform physical disorders but to ameliorate not so much with vitamins as with supplements of a newly discovered trace omega-3 essential fatty acid (w3-EFA), which provides the substrate upon which niacin and other B vitamin holoenzymes act uniquely to form the prostaglandin 3 series tissue hormones regulating neurocircuits en block. Since present-day refining and food selection patterns, as well as pure corn diets, deplete both the B vitamins and W3-EFA, the existence of therapeutically cross reacting homologous catalyst and substrate deficiency forms of pellagra are postulated, the first contributing to the B vitamin deficiency epidemics of 50 100 years ago, the second to the more recent endemic "Diseases of Western Civilization" which express in certain genetic subgroups as the major mental illnesses of today. PMID- 7028147 TI - Control of disaccharidase activities in brush-border membranes of guinea pig fetuses: a role of pancreatic proteases? AB - The intestinal brush-border disaccharidases most resistant to pancreatic protease digestion in vitro are lactase and trehalase. When compared to maltase and sucrase, they are also those which showed the largest increase during development of guinea pig fetuses. These results suggest that pancreatic proteases may play a role in the control of brush-border disaccharidase activities during fetal development. PMID- 7028148 TI - X-ray scattering from randomly oriented superhelices. Circular superhelical DNA. AB - The scattering functions of randomly oriented filaments of finite length exhibiting two orders of helicity have been calculated. It is shown to a good approximation that each order scatters as if present alone as a first order helix of the same contour length and pitch angle. These results show that the measured scattering pattern from dissolved superhelical DNA molecules is consistent with the scattering pattern calculated for a coiled coil geometry. PMID- 7028149 TI - The effect of staphylococcal delta-haemolysin on the secretory activity of the pancreatic beta-cell. AB - The secretion of insulin from isolated rat islets of Langerhans was found to be stimulated by the surface-active staphylococcal exotoxin, delta-haemolysin. The response was dependent on the concentration of delta-haemolysin, was rapid in onset, and could be maintained for at least an hour in the presence of the agent. The rate of secretion rapidly declined on removal of delta-haemolysin and the islets remained responsive to glucose following toxin treatment. Further characterization of the interaction of this agent with the beta-cell plasma membrane may provide valuable information concerning the role played by this membrane in the regulation of insulin secretion. PMID- 7028150 TI - Improved technique for investigation of cell metabolism by 31P NMR spectroscopy. AB - 31P NMR studies on microorganisms have been carried out with the cells embedded in agarose gel. The novel use of the gel for the NMR studies has advantages over the usual liquid suspensions in terms of improved reproducibility of data and cell viability, with no net loss of spectral quality. Polyphosphate formation in Escherichia coli was monitored continuously for up to 24 h and metabolic changes in yeast for 6 h. Changes of the intracellular pH during glycolysis in yeast were determined from the chemical shift of the internal Pi. NMR titration curves of Pi in the presence of Mg2+ indicate uncertainties in internal pH values estimated by this technique. PMID- 7028151 TI - The measurement of membrane potential using optical indicators. PMID- 7028152 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to mammalian neurofilaments. AB - Hybrid cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against mammalian neurofilaments have been prepared. An improved protocol for the preparation of neurofilaments and methods for the identification and isolation of such hybridomas are presented. The antibodies produced specifically stain only neuronal cell types in both cerebellar sections and culture. PMID- 7028153 TI - Liposome accumulation in ischaemic intestine following experimental mesenteric occlusion. AB - Partial intestinal ischaemia was produced by ligation of selected primary laterals of the mesenteric artery in the rat. Both positively and negatively charged liposomes (multiply labelled with [99mTc]diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, [3H]methoxy-inulin, and [4-14C]-cholesterol), administered 24 h following ligation, were accumulated in ischemic (necrotic) intestine. PMID- 7028154 TI - Uptake of free and liposome-entrapped insulin by rat intestinal sacs in vitro. AB - Entrapment of insulin within distearoylphosphatidylcholine and cholesterol liposomes can protect the hormone from degradation in an in vitro gut-sac system and can increase the quantity of immunoreactive insulin that reaches the serosal fluid 26-fold. 95% of the insulin that reaches the serosal fluid is present within relatively intact liposomes. However, the presence of hydrolytic agents, probably enzymes, within the serosal fluid of everted gut sacs makes it necessary to separate the liposomes from the serosal fluid, by centrifugation, prior to release of the entrapped insulin with Triton X-100. This procedure prevents hydrolysis of the released insulin which can then be measured by radioimmune assay. PMID- 7028155 TI - DNA sequencing and gene structure Nobel lecture, 8 December 1980. PMID- 7028156 TI - Virally induced alterations in cellular permeability: a basis of cellular and physiological damage? AB - Virally induced permeability changes occur when haemolytic paramyxoviruses are added to cells; similar (though not identical) changes take place during infection of cells with viruses from several families (including paramyxoviruses). These changes occur in intact, viable cells, and precede subsequent cytopathic effects, to which they are likely to contribute. There is accumulating evidence to suggest that virally induced permeability changes may also underlie the physiological and clinical consequences of viral infection in certain situations. PMID- 7028157 TI - Recognition of base sequences by regulatory proteins in procaryotes and eucaryotes. AB - A model is described whereby (i) regulatory proteins recognize one face of the DNA double helix on non-adjacent DNA regions brought close together in space through folding around nucleosomes, (ii) regulatory sequences may occur inside gene structures, and (iii) the recognition of regulatory sequences might be modulated by short (4-6 base-pairs) insertions or deletions in introns or upstream from the transcription start site. This model might apply not only to eucaryotes but also to procaryotic organisms whose DNA is organized through interactions with histone-like proteins. Consequences of the model regarding the binding of regulatory proteins in procaryotes are suggested. PMID- 7028158 TI - Structure-function relationships in insulin. AB - A new interpretation of structure-function relationships in the insulin molecule is presented. Negative cooperativity is postulated to arise from a dimerization event occurring between two receptor-bound molecules. The receptor-binding surface of insulin can necessarily not involve residues involved in dimerization as has been generally accepted. Support for this interpretation is based on published data. PMID- 7028159 TI - Malate dehydrogenase: isolation from E. coli and comparison with the eukaryotic mitochondrial and cytoplasmic forms. AB - Escherichia coli malate dehydrogenase has been isolated in homogeneous form by a procedure employing chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, 5-'AMP-Sepharose, and Sephacryl-200. It is composed of two identical polypeptide chains each of Mr = 32 500. Like porcine mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, it is devoid of tryptophan, but otherwise it is not particularly more similar in composition to one of the eukaryotic isozymes than to the other. However, amino-terminal sequence analysis of the first 36 residues shows remarkable similarity of the bacterial and mitochondrial enzymes (69% identical residues) in contrast to the cytoplasmic form (27%). The two porcine heart enzymes are identical in 24% of the positions compared. These results clearly establish that all three forms of malate dehydrogenase have evolved from a common precursor and that the prokaryotic and mitochondrial forms have retained sequences that are much closer to the ancestral one than the cytoplasmic enzyme. These findings appear to further substantiate the endosymbiotic hypothesis for the origin of the mitochondrion. PMID- 7028160 TI - A low-molecular-weight RNA species in yeast mitochondria arising from a 3' end trimming of cytochrome b pre-mRNA. AB - Immobilization of yeast mitochondrial RNA on nitrocellulose filters without prior alkali treatment revealed a low-MW RNA species (integral of 300 bases) which hybridizes specifically to the RNA coding strand of a DNA fragment BglII-HinfI at the 3' end of the COB-BOX gene. This RNA species (often a doublet) was found in several independent preparations of wild-type mtRNA and even in box- mutants blocked in the earliest steps of mRNA maturation (e.g. box 8-1). It may, therefore, result from an endonucleolytic cut similar to that which precedes the addition of a poly-A tail in other systems. PMID- 7028161 TI - Direct measurement of absolute suppressor efficiency. AB - We have devised a system for measuring the degree of translational readthrough past a nonsense mutation which is based upon the quantitation of the two translation products, the suppressed polypeptide and the nonsense fragment. The absolute efficiency of four different amber suppressors (Su1, Su2, Su3, and Su7) has been determined at two unique amber sites in the structural gene for the beta subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. PMID- 7028162 TI - [Mechanisms of metaplasia of the ductal epithelium of organs of the pancreatico biliary system]. AB - It has been established in experiments on young rats that during induction of canalicular hypertension or introduction into the ducts of a little tube made of aluminium foil, the ductal epithelium undergoes metaplasia of the intestinal type in the absence of marked inflammatory lesions. In the process of metaplasia there appear loci of proliferation due to the involvement of precursor cells and prolongation of the phase of DNA synthesis. Such mechanisms are likely to underlie the development of precancerous conditions. PMID- 7028163 TI - [Immunohistochemical localization of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver during phenobarbital induction]. AB - Rabbit antisera against cytochrome P-450 were obtained. Cytochrome P-450 was isolated from the liver of rats preliminarily treated with phenobarbital (PB). Antiserum depleted by microsomal fraction of the normal liver was made use of to obtain antibodies for localization of P-450PB in liver tissue using the unlabeled antibody immunoperoxidase technique. Subject to study were paraffin liver slices from rats sacrificed 2-48 hours after intraperitoneal administration of PB. In the majority of intact liver cells, the staining was not seen, slightly exceeding the control level only in the narrow zone adjacent to the central veins. The intensity of staining increased and the zone of stained cells got larger during PB induction. This process reached the maximum after 24 hours. By that time the staining around the central veins was fairly intensive and progressively diminished towards lobule periphery, while only 1-2 cell layers around the peripheral vessels were slightly stained. PMID- 7028164 TI - [Use of whole loose connective tissue preparations in immunofluorescence studies]. AB - Evidence has been obtained for potential use of total loose connective tissue film preparations during immunofluorescence studies of antinuclear antibodies of serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, antibodies to cytoplasmic components of fibroblasts of serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, antibodies to the surface fibroblast antigen fibronectin, and of certain regularities in IgG binding with mast cell components. As compared with other preparations (cryostat, paraffin sections) used in immunomorphology while applying the methods of labeled antibodies, the total preparations have the following basic advantages: simplicity of preparation and possibility to eliminate the denaturative effects on tissue structures. PMID- 7028165 TI - [Role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of ulcer development]. AB - The method of Okabe was used to induce experimental gastric ulcer in rats. The content of serotonin and histamine was determined in gastric mucosa extracts. The spectrum of proteolytic enzymes and proteolytic activity in gastric mucosa extracts were determined by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis at varying pH. It was found that in "acetate" gastric ulcer the rats had the increased content of serotonin in the gastric mucosa followed by the elevated histamine content. In the early stages of "acetate" ulcer the proteolytic activity was detectable at pH 6.5-7. At the same time there took place a reconstruction of the spectrum of proteolytic enzymes. Analogous changes in the spectrum of proteolytic enzymes of gastric mucosa extracts and occurrence of the proteolytic activity at pH 6.5-7 were also recorded after serotonin administration (30 mg/kg) to intact rats. Thus it has been demonstrated that the increased serotonin output is implicated in the changes seen in the enzymatic spectrum and in the occurrence of proteolytic activity at high pH (6.5-7). The latter might be related to the release of lysosomal proteases responsible for intratissular proteolysis in the gastric mucosa and for ulcer formation. PMID- 7028166 TI - [Animal analogs of human embryonal prealbumin-2]. AB - Immunochemical analogs of human embryonal prealbumin-2 (EPA-2) were found in blood sera and amniotic fluid of the cow, sheep and pig fetuses. Meanwhile they were not detected in blood sera of adult animals. Analogs of animal EPA-2 produced the reaction of complete immunochemical identity with human EPA-2. Moreover, they have similar physicochemical properties and electrophoretic mobility of prealbumins. The indirect immunofluorescence technique was used to locate EPA-2 in collagenic fibres of fetuses and in adult animals' connective tissue. It is suggested that EPA-2 might be the protein contained by procollagen or by non-collagenic components of collagenic fibres. PMID- 7028167 TI - [lymphoid organ pulsation]. AB - Intact mice showed circadian rhythms of changes (pulsations) in the weight of the lymphoid organs, in the number of nuclear cells, as well as in the activity of serum factor(s) modifying lymphocyte migration in vitro. The pulsations were manifested by a short-term (over 1-4 h) twofold increase in the weight of the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes and in the number of cells contained by these organs. Sera from the animals with the enlarged organs inhibited the migration of thymocytes and spleen cells in vitro. The increased migration followed the maximal weight and the maximal number of cells of the lymphoid organs. It is suggested that pulsations seen in the lymphoid organs might reflect the mechanism of lymphocyte recirculation monitored by humoral mediators. PMID- 7028168 TI - [Utilization of mononuclear DNA by regeneration epidermis]. AB - In four series of experiments on random-bred mice, ten animals received 3H thymidine in a dose of 1 micro Ci/g. An hour later 10 intact mice were subjected to cross allotransplantation of dorsal skin. The animals of both groups were sacrificed after 4 days. Twenty mice were injected with thymidine in the same way and sacrificed after one hour or after four days. The skin was subjected to histological examination using autoradiography. It has been found that proliferation of the epidermis around the allotransplant is not followed by substantial dilution of the label over the nuclei of its cells, so that in fact the total content of labeled thymidine in the allotransplant nuclei increases. At the same time the regenerating epidermis is infiltrated with mononuclears a quarter of which contain the label. It is suggested that mononuclears might be the source of additional thymidine for the regenerating epithelium. PMID- 7028169 TI - [Properties of E. coli adenine aminohydrolase]. PMID- 7028170 TI - [Compatibility of F-like genetic transfer factor pAP43 with F-group incompatibility plasmids]. PMID- 7028171 TI - [Dynamics of the phases of mitosis and the duration of cell division]. AB - A significant increase in the mean mitotic indices was found after adrenaline injection (2 micrograms/g) in the corneal epithelium of rat fetuses and in rats aged 3 to 4 days. This was accompanied by an appreciable rise in the number of metaphases, anatelophases and nucleus reconstruction, leading to an increase (by 3.7 times in fetuses; by 2.4 and 2 times in 3- and 4-day-old rats, respectively) in relative mitosis duration as compared to control animals. By the 10th day of postnatal development the differences in the magnitudes of the mitotic indices and relative mitosis duration completely disappeared. The method for appraising the relative duration of mitosis that occurs in response to varying exposures bases on a comparative analysis of the frequency of different mitotic phases was called "the time course of mitotic phases". PMID- 7028172 TI - [Polyclonal tolerance inbred mice]. PMID- 7028173 TI - [Effect of anti-thyroid antibodies on thyroid hormone secretion]. AB - Secretory thyroid function was studied in animals with experimental autoimmune thyroiditis and in rats with passive immunization by antithyroid antibodies. The lowering of colloid endocytosis and thyroglobulin proteolysis accompanied by complete suppression of total thyroxin secretion stimulation was shown to occur in autoimmune thyroiditis. Injection to the rats of antibodies in the form of IgG gamma 2 fraction led to the reduced colloid output from the follicles, diminished secretion of triiodothyronine and to a pronounced suppression of thyroxin secretion stimulation. It is concluded that the lowering of colloid endocytosis and proteolytic enzymes is caused by insufficient production of TSH. Antithyroid antibodies should be treated as responsible for suppressed thyroxin secretion into the blood. PMID- 7028174 TI - [Oxidative and antioxidative system of the blood in mechanisms of erythrocyte protection and damage upon invasion by Plasmodium berghei]. AB - In the course of experimental infection with Pl. Berghei, the mice demonstrated an abrupt lowering in the activity of blood enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and a rise in the concentration of the lipid peroxidation product (malonic dialdehyde) with the growth of parasitemia. The evidence obtained are discussed in the light of the defence and injury blood mechanisms of red cell membranes. PMID- 7028175 TI - [Mechanism of immune response inhibition during parabiosis of animals of different ages]. AB - Experiments were made of CBA mice aged 4-5 and 24-27 months under 2-months heterochronic parabiosis to determine the primary immune response to administration of sheep red blood cells. One and three months after parabionts separation the magnitude of the immune response did not significantly differ from that of non-separated parabionts and approximated the immune response in old mice. Splenectomy in old partners did not remove the inhibitory effect on young parabionts. X-Ray irradiation of old parabionts 3-5 days after coupling with young ones caused an appreciable recovery of immune function both in old and young partners. PMID- 7028176 TI - [Effect of thermal stress on the morphogenetic potencies of nephron epithelium]. AB - Experiments on 46 male rats aged 6 months have been carried out to study the effect of thermal stress on biological potencies of the nephron epithelium with the use of the F. M. Lazarenko's method for cultivating organs and tissues in the body. Acute hyperthermia was found to intensify the destruction of proximal parts and renal corpuscles, to activate and prolong the proliferative phase of the implantation growth. In the implants, the epithelium gives rise to the formation of lining layers, immersion growth bands and spongy structures. In the course of differentiation there form atypical renal corpuscles and epithelial tubules whose structure conforms to the proximal and distal parts, as well as to Henle's loop. Thermal stress initiates morphogenetic potencies of the nephron epithelium. The method of cultivation under consideration holds promise for elaborating objective criteria of the appraisal of the effect produced by extreme factors on biological properties of tissues. PMID- 7028177 TI - [Effect of bone marrow trypsinization on the efficiency of fibroblast colony formation in monolayer cultures]. AB - Stromal bone marrow mechanocytes responsible for microenvironment transfer during heterotopic transplantation of hemopoietic tissue from fibroblast clones in monolayer cultures. Fibroblast colony forming cells (FCFC) are readily released from tissue structures together with hemopoietic elements and are contained in bone marrow cell suspension at a concentration of 1 x 10(-5)-10 x 10(-5). Pretreatment with trypsin of bone marrow fragments increases the content of FCFC in bone marrow cell suspension. Trypsin releases from the bone marrow and additional fraction of FCFC (trypsin-dependent FCFC), which are more strongly bound to tissue structures and are likely to be injured in the course of routine suspension of hemopoietic tissue fragments. The ratio of the number of trypsin independent and trypsin-dependent FCFC is approximately 1 : 10. PMID- 7028178 TI - [Number of cell types in the pancreatic islets of rats]. PMID- 7028179 TI - Human alveolar macrophages express Ia-like antigens. AB - Monoclonal antibody to la-like antigens was used to demonstrate the presence of these antigens on human alveolar macrophages. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated the 27,000 and 34,000 molecular weight peaks that correspond to the la-like antigen subunits. Immunofluorescence confirmed the presence of la-like antigens on alveolar macrophages but not on other bronchoalveolar cells. The presence of alveolar macrophage la-like antigens may be important in cellular interactions. PMID- 7028180 TI - Cytogenetic conversion following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for advanced chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - We performed a pilot study to test the effectiveness of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Five patients in the advanced stages of chronic myelogenous leukemia (four in blast crisis, one in accelerated phase) with abnormal chromosomes underwent matched-sibling allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after preparation with busulfan, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and fractionated total body irradiation. Engraftment and conversion to normal chromosome patterns after transplantation occurred in all five patients. None of the patients reverted to an abnormal chromosome pattern of demonstrated clinical or hematologic evidence of recurrent disease during the course of this study; however, longest survival from transplant was 248 days. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation can eradicate the abnormal clone even in far advanced chronic myelogenous leukemia and can provide normal hematopoiesis. We suggest that clinical complications of chemotherapeutic toxicity and infection were responsible for the short survival in this group of patients, and that these complications could be decreased by performing transplantation in the chronic phase or early accelerated phase of the disease. PMID- 7028181 TI - Nodular mixed lymphoma: results of a randomized trial failing to confirm prolonged disease-free survival with COPP chemotherapy. AB - Fifty-two patients with stage III or IV nodular mixed lymphocytic-histiocytic lymphoma (NM) were entered on a prospective randomized trial comparing cyclophosphamide-prednisone (CP) to either COPP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) or BCVP (BCNU, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone). The COPP regimen utilized in this Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) trial was similar to the four-drug regimen C-MOPP reported by the National Cancer Institute to achieve prolonged relapse-free survival in this histology. No significant differences in complete response rates, response duration, or overall survival were noted among the three regimens. A pattern of continuous late relapse was observed for all three chemotherapy programs. Although 11 of the 18 (61%) COPP patients achieved a complete response, only 3/11 (27%) remain disease free with a median follow-up of over 3 yr. However, two of these three long-term complete responders have died with no clinical evidence of recurrent disease. The COPP patients received 84% of the calculated ideal doses of cyclophosphamide and 78% of the ideal dosage of procarbazine. Grade 3-4 hematologic toxicity was noted in 22% of the COPP group, 36% with BCVP, and 0% for the CP patients. We were unable to confirm the ability of COPP to achieve durable complete remissions in NM lymphoma. The cyclophosphamide-prednisone combination was equally effective when compared with COPP and BCVP, but produced minimal toxicity. PMID- 7028182 TI - Clonal origin of leukemia: site of origin in the stem cell hierarchy and the significance of chromosomal changes. AB - Human leukemias and related diseases appear to be clonal in nature. In certain diseases, the initial cell involved is most likely the totipotential hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), i.e., the stem cell capable of giving rise to all hematopoietic cells, lymphoid as well as myeloid. In other diseases, an HSC of more restricted potentiality may be the primary cell producing the disease but, alternatively, all could arise from the totipotential cell. Cells in the clone are often identifiable by the presence of morphologic or chromosomal abnormalities, but in a given clone all cells may not express the abnormalities. In some but not in all patients who have been studied, residual normal HSC have been detected that are not part of the clone. Our current therapeutic attempts designed to cure at least some of these diseases are based on the concept of "total cell kill.' In order to achieve this goal, the clone of tumor cells must be eradicated. To monitor this attempt and carry out therapy in a more scientific fashion, better means of identifying all cells in the clone are needed. If the disease involves the totipotential HSC, for which we assume there is no precursor cell in postfetal life, then there must be residual, normal HSC or the disease cannot be eradicated in this manner without also eradicating the patient. PMID- 7028183 TI - Exploitation of monoclonal antibodies: a "who's who" of haemopoietic malignancy. AB - A library of monoclonal antibodies plus "conventional' markers (e.g. anti-TdT) have been used to explore the detailed phenotypes of leukaemic cells in relation to normal haemopoietic differentiation. This analysis reveals that consistent, composite phenotypes of different subclasses of lymphoid malignancies closely mimic those of corresponding normal cells at equivalent levels of maturation. It is suggested that three major target cell populations are available for lymphoid malignancy: the pluripotential stem cell (e.g. "lymphoid' blast crisis of CGL), lymphoid progenitors or stem cells in the bone marrow (non-T ALL) or thymus (T ALL, T-NHL) and long lived, mature and immunocompetent T and B cells (T-CLL, PLL, Sezary and B-CLL, lymphoma respectively). The major phenotypes documented in different leukaemias represent the level of "maturation arrest' imposed on the dominant subclone; this is determined by, but not necessarily synonymous with, the "target cell' and associated clonogenic cell population in the leukaemia. No consistent major abnormalities of gene expression are revealed by this investigation and although they may exist (e.g. loss or acquisition of antigens with malignant progression) we suggest that they are irrelevant to the central issue of what alterations are essential and sufficient for the evolution of clonogenic leukaemic cells. We propose instead that subtle changes, which uncouple proliferation and differentiation, are all that is required. PMID- 7028184 TI - Karyotype and cell phenotypes in primary acute leukemias. AB - This paper reviews the chromosomal and cytological patterns in acute leukemias (AL) and attempts to establish a correlation with the FAB classification. In fact, these studies are useful in distinguishing different forms of AL and in understanding the nature of the cell from which the malignant clone originated. As shown by the results obtained from the study of acute promyelocytic leukemia, for instance, these studies also provide a likely explanation for the lack of chromosome abnormalities in certain cases of AL. PMID- 7028185 TI - Comparative studies of the indirect haemagglutination and the indirect fluorescent antibody tests in the diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis. PMID- 7028186 TI - The incidence and serotypes of group B-streptococci in dairy cattle. PMID- 7028187 TI - Salmonella and Escherichia coli strains isolated from poultry in Ibadan, Nigeria. PMID- 7028188 TI - Effect of ozonation and chlorination on the mutagenic potential of drinking water. PMID- 7028189 TI - Heavy metals in mammals from two unmined copper-zinc deposits in Wisconsin. PMID- 7028190 TI - A survey of trihalomethanes in the drinking water system of Murfreesboro, Tennessee. PMID- 7028191 TI - [Exercise-induced asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028192 TI - Teaching vowel articulation with the computer vowel trainer. Methodology and results. AB - The Computer Vowel Trainer (CVT) uses linear prediction to estimate and display the shape of the speaker's vocal tract during an utterance. The assessment of the CVT was carried out over a period of three years with 14 profoundly deaf children divided into an experimental and a matched control group. Two main results were obtained: (a) children learning to articulate with the CVT achieve consistently higher articulation scores than those trained with conventional methods; (b) the younger the children, the greater their progress in vowel learning, retention and generalization. PMID- 7028193 TI - Searching the MEDLARS file for information on the elderly. AB - As the elderly population in the United States increases, the consequences for the health care system are significant. The Veterans Administration (VA) has created a Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Centers program to provide care, support research, and train practitioners in geriatric medicine. Through the participation of the Wadsworth VA Medical Center library in this program, methodologies have been developed for searching National Library of Medicine (NLM) data bases for information on the elderly. These methodologies are described; terms and definitions in geriatrics are explicated; sample search requests are explored; and on-line strategies are indicated. Review and comparison of NLM data bases, as they relate to geriatrics, are offered. PMID- 7028194 TI - Plastic surgery in a large hospital. AB - It may be debated whether the interaction between plastic surgery and other specialties is important enough to justify the presence of a department of plastic surgery in a large teaching hospital. To provide some data on which to base such discussion we have analysed the interaction at the Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen over a ten year period (1970-1980). In the plastic surgery department almost 10% of all the operations were on patients from the wards of ther departments. One tenth of these operations were combined operations carried out in collaboration with surgeons from other specialties. Otherwise intractable conditions may be cured by such combined activity and a properly organised "skin grafting service" pays handsome dividends by shortening the healing time for ulcers within the hospital. PMID- 7028195 TI - Post-auricular split-skin grafts. PMID- 7028196 TI - The use of the secondary island graft-flap in reconstruction of the burned ear. PMID- 7028197 TI - Bone marrow grafting in the secondary closure of alveolar-palatal defects in children. AB - The material presented in this paper is a preliminary report on the use of bone marrow grafting in the secondary closure of alveolar palatal defects in young children with mixed dentition. A group of patients is presented in whom successful closure of an alveolar fistula was achieved with improvement of the eruption pattern of the teeth adjacent to the cleft due to new bone formation that allowed early orthodontic alignment. The concept of the formation of a dynamic growing bone from bone marrow grafting is discussed. PMID- 7028198 TI - Isoxsuprine and the rat abdominal pedicle flap: a controlled study. AB - In a controlled study of the rat abdominal pedicle flap the area of flap necrosis was not reduced by a course of treatment with isoxsuprine. Animals receiving placebo injections of saline showed significantly less flap necrosis than those treated with the drug. PMID- 7028199 TI - Stimulation of prostacyclin release from the epicardium of anaesthetized dogs. AB - 1 The generation of prostanoids in the hearts of anaesthetized dogs was studied by irrigating in situ the epicardial surface with Krebs solution. Prostanoids were measured by direct bioassay on smooth muscles and by radioimmunoassay of 6 oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-oxo-PGF1 alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the epicardial irrigation fluid. 2 The epicardial irrigation fluid contained a prostacyclin-like substance, as indicated by the bioassay tissues, and immunoreactive 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha; PGE2-like materials were also detected. By both methods the output of the prostacyclin-like substance, which decreased with time of epicardial irrigation, was increased by manipulating the heart and by adding arachidonic acid (3 microgram/ml), and decreased by adding indomethacin (1 microgram/ml) to the irrigation fluid. 3 Bioassayed prostacyclin and immunoreactive 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha in the epicardial irrigation fluid increased by about 3-5 ng/ml during and after infusion of isoprenaline (0.1 microgram kg-1 min 1). The substance was not released by isoprenaline when indomethacin was added to the irrigation fluid, or when propranolol (0.5 mg/kg) was given intravenously. 4 Aortic constriction, bilateral carotid artery occlusion and intravenous angiotensin infusion all increased output of the prostacyclin-like substance into the epicardial irrigation fluid. The output was abolished by treating the heart with indomethacin (10 mg/kg intravenously or 1 microgram/ml epicardially). 5 The prostacyclin-like substance was also released by all of the above stimuli after the parietal pericardium had been removed and replaced by a plastic sheet. 6 It is concluded that prostacyclin is continually released from tissues close to the epicardial surface and from the pericardium, and that prostacyclin generation increases when cardiac workload increases. Prostacyclin of epicardial or pericardial origin might therefore contribute to metabolic regulation of coronary blood flow. PMID- 7028200 TI - A study of naloxone with schizophrenic and manic patients. AB - Eleven schizophrenic and three manic patients were randomly administered 0.3 mg/Kg b.wt. of naloxone or placebo in a drug-free state using a double blind procedure. BPRS and CGI were employed for making periodic assessment of mental status; the MRS was additionally used for manic patients. The authors discuss their findings, which are essentially negative. PMID- 7028201 TI - Biofeedback and relaxation in anxiety. PMID- 7028202 TI - Total-body irradiation in advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Thirty-seven patients with advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who were treated by total-body irradiation (TBI) at the Royal Marsden Hospital are reviewed. Twenty four patients had received no previous therapy; 13 patients were in relapse. The overall response rate was 73% for nodular lymphomas and 80% for those with diffuse disease. THe duration of complete response ranged from two to 41 months (median 12 months). Subsequent chemotherapy was given successfully except in patients with prolonged thrombocytopenia which appeared to be related to an initially involved bone marrow. Hemibody irradiation (HBI) was the least myelosuppressive form of TBI and is now being used in complete remission following chemotherapy. PMID- 7028203 TI - Cerebral nocardiosis in renal transplant patients. PMID- 7028204 TI - The use of dermal antigen testing in predicting the outcome of renal transplantation. AB - The responses to dermal antigen testing to a variety of antigens were measured in patients on regular dialysis. Forty-eight patients have received renal allografts and graft survival was assessed at 6 months. The antigens used were mumps, monilia, streptokinase/streptodornase, tuberculin and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The responses to these antigens were recorded using standard methodology. The response failed to correlate with graft survival in these patients when compared singly or in combination. Matching at the HLA-B locus was also correlated with graft survival. Of 31 patients with a match at this locus, 22 (71 per cent) have functioning grafts at 6 months, compared with only 4 of 13 (31 per cent) of patients with no match at the B locus (P less than 0.05). When matching at the B locus and DNCB scores were taken in combination, it became evident that those patients with no match at the B locus and low DNCB reactivity all rejected their kidneys within 4 months of transplantation. PMID- 7028205 TI - Risk factors for breast cancer: a tabular summary of the epidemiological literature. PMID- 7028206 TI - Redox potential and survival of virulent Treponema pallidum under microaerophilic conditions. AB - A strongly reduced culture medium, capable of maintaining the virulence of Treponema pallidum (Nichols) for several days, was exposed to an atmosphere of 3% oxygen in nitrogen for 2-3 days before inoculation with T pallidum. By using various volumes of medium in uniform tubes a range of redox potentials (Ecal) from -94 mV to -325 mV was produced depending on the surface area-to-volume ratios of the medium. The anaerobic medium had an Ecal value of -387 mV. The medium was inoculated with T pallidum and incubated in an atmosphere of 3% oxygen. The survival of treponemes at different redox potentials was monitored by observing the retention of motility and by measuring the latent period of infection after inoculation of the cultures into the shaved backs of rabbits. Under these conditions T pallidum survived longest at low (electronegative) redox potential. An inverse linear relationship was observed between the redox potential of the culture medium and the survival of T pallidum, as measured by the time required for a 90% reduction of virulent organisms. No optimum redox potential was detected, the most electronegative medium (-325 mV, Ecal) giving the best survival. PMID- 7028207 TI - Analysis of serum IgG against Treponema pallidum protein antigens in experimentally infected rabbits. AB - Sensitive and highly specific radioimmunoprecipitation and gel electrophoreses fluorography were used to monitor the serum IgG response of experimentally infected rabbits against key protein antigens of Treponema pallidum. The sera from six rabbits challenged intradermally (ID) and six intratesticularly (IT) with T pallidum were examined over a period of four months. A specific antibody response to most treponemal surface proteins (including those ligands implicated as mediating host-cell-surface adherence) developed by about day 20 after inoculation. Maximum antibody concentrations against most of these immunogens were detected by day 50 in all animals irrespective of the route of inoculation. Differences as well as similarities in the IgG response to infection were observed among selected rabbits. Furthermore, the antibody reactivity of each animal was comparable to that of human sera from patients with secondary syphilis. Antibody directed against treponemal outer envelope proteins was detected by preferential agglutination of washed radiolabelled organisms with protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of syphilitic rabbit sera. PMID- 7028208 TI - Clinical and microbiological study of non-gonococcal urethritis with particular reference to non-chlamydial disease. AB - A double-blind placebo-controlled study of minocycline in 221 men with non gonococcal urethritis (NGU) was undertaken. Techniques were used which enabled diagnoses of chlamydial and mycoplasmal infections to be made within 24 hours of a patient attending a clinic. All patients from whom Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated were treated with minocycline, while patients from whom Ureaplasma urealyticum or Mycoplasma hominis was isolated, or from whom no micro-organisms were isolated, were treated on a double-blind basis with either minocycline or placebo. Chlamydia were isolated from 77 (35%) patients and were eradicated by minocycline from 76 (99%). Ureaplasmas were isolated initially from 96 (43%) patients. Treatment with minocycline eradicated them from 43 of 52 (83%) patients, and they disappeared from six of 31 (19%) patients who were treated with placebo. After one week significantly more patients had responded clinically to minocycline than to placebo. The response to minocycline was not influenced by the microbiological status of the patients, which suggests that ureaplasmas are playing a similar role to chlamydia in the pathogenesis of the disease and that an antibiotic-sensitive micro-organism may be producing disease in the isolate negative group. An immunological approach is required to resolve the problem of the persistent urethral inflammation which occurred despite eradication of the micro-organisms. PMID- 7028209 TI - Brain renin: localization in rat brain synaptosomal fractions. AB - The distribution of brain renin activity was determined in subcellular fractions of rat brain prepared by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. The highest amounts of brain renin activity occurred in both the light and heavy synaptosomal fractions, while the activity of choline acetyltransferase was elevated only in the light synaptosomal fraction. These results indicate an intraneuronal localization of brain renin. PMID- 7028210 TI - Effects of intraventricular norepinephrine on preoptic-anterior hypothalamic electrical activity in the freely-moving rat: modulation by ovarian steroid hormones. AB - In freely-moving female rats the effects of intraventricular infusion of norepinephrine (NE) on multiunit activity (MUA) were examined in the Diagonal Band of Broca (DBB), medial preoptic area (MPOA) and anterior hypothalamic area (AHA), regions containing neurons producing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). NE was infused at a dosage known to depress plasma LH levels in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and elevate plasma LH concentrations in OVX-estrogen progesterone-primed (EBP) animals. It was found that in adult OVX rats MUA in the brain areas listed above was almost invariably inhibited by NE (20 of 23 cases or 87%; the other three cases showed no change in electrical activity). However, after priming with estrogen and progesterone only about one-third of the OVX-EBP rats gave an inhibitory response, with another one-third showing no change in MUA and the final one-third of the cases actually giving an excitatory MUA response to NE--the DBB neurons being the most positive in the regard. Thus it appears that responsiveness of LHRH and/or adjacent neurons to the modulatory action of NE may itself be modulated by the influence of gonadal steroids. PMID- 7028211 TI - Origins of serotonergic projections to the spinal cord in rat: an immunocytochemical-retrograde transport study. AB - The origins of the serotonergic projections to the spinal cord in the rat were determined by employing the retrograde cell marker HRP coupled with the unlabeled antibody, peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method of Sternberger. Large numbers of stained neurons (greater than 70%) in the medullary raphe nuclear complex were found to contain both HRP retrogradely transported from the spinal cord and positive 5-HT staining. These serotonergic cell groups, including the nucleus raphe obscurus, raphe pallidus, raphe magnus, and the ventral parts of the reticular formation, project to all spinal cord levels. In addition, some neurons contained HRP granules, but were unstained for 5-HT, suggesting that they may contain other non-serotonergic neurotransmitters. More rostrally in the midbrain reticular formation, many 5-HT neurons were found to have projections exclusively to the cervical spinal cord. These findings indicate that the descending serotonin inputs to the spinal cord originate not only from the serotonergic neurons located in the medullary raphe complex, but also from other new sources located in the central gray and reticular formation of the midbrain. PMID- 7028212 TI - Assessment of immunological properties of neurofilament triplet proteins. AB - The relationship between mammalian neurofilament triplet proteins was studied immunologically using rabbit and guinea pig antibodies to bovine neurofilament triplet proteins. Neurofilament proteins were separated by preparative electrophoresis, each protein being isolated and re-electrophoresed to enhance purification. Antisera to 68,000 (P68), 150,000 (P150) and 200,000 (P200) dalton neurofilament proteins showed greatest activity with the corresponding protein immunogen but also revealed cross-reactivity with the other two neurofilament proteins when assessed by the ELISA method. The same antigenic inoculum elicited variable cross-reactivity, more in the guinea pig than in the rabbit. Rabbit antisera to P68 was specific in that it did not cross-react with P150 or P200. Rabbit antisera to P150 and to P200 were rendered specific by absorption with P200 and P150, respectively. By electron microscopy, isolated neurofilaments became decorated with an uniform coat of antibodies when exposed to specific antisera for each of the neurofilament proteins. By indirect immunofluorescence, each antisera showed identical patterns of tissue localization, corresponding to the distribution of neurofilaments in peripheral nerve, spinal ganglia, spinal cord, cerebellum and cerebrum. Neurofilament antigens were not detected in liver, kidney, spleen, lung, bladder, intestine, aorta, heart or tongue. PMID- 7028213 TI - A stereotaxic headholder for small birds. PMID- 7028214 TI - [History of psychiatry in Slovakia]. PMID- 7028215 TI - [Proteus mirabilis as the causative agent of septic condition (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028216 TI - A study on the toxicity and the biochemical effects of ethylene dibromide in the Japanese quail. AB - 1. The acute oral LD50 and chronic LC50 toxicity values for ethylene dibromide (EDB) were estimated for japanese quail. 2. Single sub-acute oral and intraperitoneal doses of EDB (1/2 LD50) and chronic oral doses of EDB (1/3 LC50) were administered to quail in order to characterise the sub-lethal effects of EDB residues. 3. At 24 h after sub-acute dosing, relative liver weight, plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AT) [EC 2.6.1.1] and L-iditol (sorbitol) dehydrogenase (SDH) [EC 1.1.1.14] were elevated and decreases were found in hepatic total lipid, total protein, AT and glutamic dehydrogenase (NAD (P)+) (GDH) and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) [EC 3.1.1.8] and total lipid. 4. Following chronic administration, elevations in relative liver weight, plasma ChE and total lipid, haemoglobin and haematocrit were found and hepatic AT, GDH and total lipid were decreased. 5. The changes in hepatic and plasma enzymes and constituents are discussed in relation to possible biphasic effects resulting from EDB exposure. PMID- 7028217 TI - Dr. Lucy Hobbs Taylor, first woman dentist. PMID- 7028218 TI - Hybrid aspartate transcarbamoylase containing cross-linked subunits. AB - The role of conformational changes and subunit interactions in the allosteric mechanism of aspartate transcarbamoylase was evaluated by studying hybrid enzyme molecules containing cross-linked subunits. Native enzyme was cross-linked with tartryl diazide in the presence and absence of substrate analogues. The two types of modified enzyme derivatives were each dissociated into catalytic (c3) and regulatory (r2) subunits. Hybrids were constructed with modified catalytic subunits and unmodified regulatory subunits of vice versa. Subunits from different derivatives also formed hybrids. All hybrids containing cross-linked catalytic subunits showed hyperbolic substrate saturation curves while cross linked in the regulatory subunit alone did not abolish cooperativity. The type of cross-linked in the catalytic subunit had a decisive influence on the substrate affinity of the hybrid as well as its response to the allosteric effectors ATP and CTP. However many effects were also dependent on the presence of regulatory subunits. The results implicate a substantial conformational change in the catalytic subunit upon substrate binding and suggest an important role for the c r interaction in the allosteric mechanism. PMID- 7028219 TI - Tissue distribution of sulfolipids in the rat. Restricted location of sulfatoxygalactosylacylalkylglycerol. AB - Eleven rat tissues (excluding brain) have been assayed for their ability to synthesize sulfatoxygalactosylacylalkylglycerol (SGG) from Na235SO4 in vivo. These tissues were also assayed for the presence of SGG by an indirect immunofluorescence procedure using rabbit anti-SGG and frozen tissue sections. By both procedures SGG was found to be restricted to the testis; several novel sulfolipids were detected during this study. PMID- 7028220 TI - David Rubinstein Memorial Lecture: the biochemical and clinical significance of the interrelationship between very low density and high density lipoproteins. PMID- 7028221 TI - Differential ontogeny of estrogen responsiveness in the chick embryo liver. AB - The development of estrogen responsiveness in embryonic chicken liver has been studied in terms of specific genomic responses to the hormone. Embryonated eggs were injected with estradiol at various stages of development, and after 48 h the hepatic synthesis of the apoproteins II and B of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was determined by incubation of liver slices with [3H]leucine and analysis of the tissue supernatant by specific immunoprecipitation. Significant estrogen induction of synthesis of apoprotein II of VLDL could be seen by the 11th day of embryonic development. The induction of apoprotein B, the other major apolipoprotein of VLDL, paralleled that of apoprotein II. It was reported earlier that the synthesis of vitellogenin did not become estrogen inducible until about the 15th day of embryonic development. The dissociation of the vitellogenin and apoprotein B responses can be confirmed by direct electrophoretic analysis of [3H]serine-labelled liver homogenates. The results are discussed in relation to the ontogeny of the estrogen receptor and the possible involvement of other controlling factors. PMID- 7028222 TI - The Ninth J. A. F. Stevenson Memorial Lecture: The many roles of the kidney in arterial pressure control and hypertension. PMID- 7028223 TI - Urinary zinc in relation to other cations and flow during volume expansion and intravenous chlorothiazide. AB - Urinary excretion of zinc, sodium, potassium, and calcium was studied in anesthetized dogs under conditions of volume expansion by saline infusion and volume expansion plus chlorothiazide administration. Zinc excretion was positively correlated to the fractional water excretion, as well as to th excretion of the other cations, during volume expansion. Chlorothiazide administration during volume expansion increased the zinc, sodium, and potassium excretion without changing that of calcium. The enhanced zinc excretion during chlorothiazide diuresis was equal to that expected on the basis of the increase in fractional water excretion alone. The urinary concentration of zinc appeared inversely related to the urine flow rate, reaching a minimum below that of the plasma ultrafilterable zinc concentration. The ratio of the clearance of zinc to that of sodium was 0.28, indicating a greater degree of net reabsorption for zinc than for calcium. These findings suggest that zinc and sodium reabsorption may be inhibited to a similar degree at chlorothiazide-sensitive sites in the tubule. Furthermore, the zinc reabsorptive mechanism seems capable of lowering urinary zinc concentration below that of ultrafiltrate and appears related in some way to sodium reabsorption. PMID- 7028224 TI - Effect of arachidonic acid and indomethacin on renal function of dogs with pericardial tamponade. AB - Previous studies revealed persistent sodium retention in dogs with chronic pericardial tamponade (induced by injection of Freund adjuvant into pericardial sacs) and pericardiocentesis, revealed in increased sodium excretion. Three groups of dogs were studied. Group 1 was treated with indomethacin (2.5 mg/kg, iv) prior to pericardiocentesis. Compared with experiments without indomethacin, sodium excretion did not increase flowing pericardiocentesis in animals treated with indomethacin despite similar changes in arterial pressure, venous pressure, hematocrit, plasma protein concentration, and renin activity. This effect of indomethacin was presumably mediated through prostaglandin (PG) synthesis inhibition. Group 2 dogs received an infusion of arachidonic acid (AA) (to increase PG synthesis) into the left renal artery (20 micrograms.kg-1. min-1). Sodium excretion increased after AA infusion during tamponade (11.2 to 30.9 mequiv.min-1) with a further increase occurring after pericardiocentesis (84.4 mequiv.min-1). Animals in group 3 were infused with both 20 and 80 micrograms. kg 1. min-1 doses of AA. Although sodium excretion following 80 micrograms.kg-1.min 1 AA(21 mequiv.min-1) was higher than that seen during 20 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 (14.2 mequiv.min-1), a further increase in sodium excretion to 45.6 mequiv.min-1 followed pericardiocentesis. During tamponade, AA did not change any of the measured parameters other than sodium excretion, a result compatible with the proposed distal tubular site of action of PG. Absolute but not fractional cortical blood flow distribution increased during the time sodium excretion increased following pericardiocentesis in all experiments. It is proposed that increased PG synthesis may be one possible mechanism involved in the natriuresis seen following pericardiocentesis. One cannot exclude the possibility that increased absolute blood flow to the superficial cortex also contributes to the observed natriuresis. Changes in arterial pressure, venous pressure, hematocrit, plasma protein concentration, and renin activity appear to contribute to the observed natriuresis but only when PG synthesis is not blocked. PMID- 7028225 TI - The pulsatile nature of luteinizing hormone secretion. PMID- 7028226 TI - Diuretic and cardiovascular effects of furosemide in rats. AB - Dose-response relationships of furosemide to its diuretic and cardiovascular actions and its effects on plasma renin activity (PRA) were evaluated in unanesthetized rats. A dose of 1 mg'kh-1 i.v. induced a small diuretic effect with no change in PRA. Furosemide at 5 mg'kg-1 provoked a clear diuretic effect (about 75) of the maximal effect) accompanied by a 20-25% plasma volume deficit but by only a twofold rise in PRA. Higher doses (10 and 40 mg.kg-1) induced a somewhat larger diuresis without further increases in plasma volume deficit or in PRA. Compared with the marked diuretic effect and plasma volume deficit, water intake increased only slightly (2 mL compared with the diuresis of 10 mL). Furosemide did not induce significant changes in blood pressure and heart rate, but it did alter the renin dependency of the blood pressure as assessed by Saralasin. These results indicate that furosemide has a steep dose-response curve for its effect on plasma volume and PRA; the relation is somewhat less steep for the diuretic action. Considering the large diuresis and plasma volume deficit, the changes in PRA and water intake induced by furosemide appear inappropriately small and suggest an inhibitory effect of furosemide on these parameters. PMID- 7028227 TI - Nutrient utilization in actinomycetes. Induction of alpha-glucosidases in Streptomyces venezuelae. AB - Streptomyces venezuelae contains intracellular alpha-glucosidases that are induced during growth on maltose, isomaltose, maltotriose, dextrin, starch, and other alpha-glucosides. Induction was prevented by rifampicin at 10 micron g.mL-1 and inhibited by chloramphenicol or streptomycin, indicating that de novo synthesis of messenger ribonucleic acid and protein was required. Glucose and other readily utilizable sugars did not repress induction of alpha-glucosidase activity whereas certain organic acids and amino acids effectively reduced enzyme synthesis. Extracts of mycelium grown in the presence of maltose as an inducer hydrolysed maltose and isomaltose rapidly. Sucrose and other alpha-glucosides were less suitable substrates whereas trehalose and starch were not hydrolysed. No activity was observed with Beta-glucosides, alpha-galactosides, or methyl alpha-mannoside. PMID- 7028228 TI - The influence of nutrition and temperature on the growth of colonies of Escherichia coli K12. AB - Growth of Escherichia coli was faster in liquid cultures than on the same medium solidified with agar. Colony profiles indicated a common basic structure with a size variation due to nutritional conditions. Radial growth rates were linear and height also increased approximately linearly, especially in the early part of the growth period. The ratio of rate of height increase to diameter increase depended on nutrition. Conditions favouring rapid growth led to faster radical growth relative to height increase. A rise in incubation temperature led to increases in height and in diameter: however, diameter increased relatively more than height. These results are discussed in terms of the structure of the colony. PMID- 7028229 TI - In vitro cultivation of Mycobacterium lepraemurium and its identification by animal inoculation. AB - The primary in vitro cultures from lepromata of mice or rats previously infected with the Hawaiian strain of Mycobacterium lepraemurium were obtained on Ogawa egg yolk medium at 34 degrees C in approximately 90 days of incubation. Optimal growth of subcultures was achieved in 40 to 60 days of incubation and such cultures were used to test their pathogenicity in animals. The in vitro grown subcultures provoked in mice subcutaneous lepromata identical to those produced by the in vitro grown M. lepraemurium. Also, mice infected subcutaneously and intravenously with the in vitro grown subcultures developed lesions in livers, spleens, and kidneys similar to those of mice infected with the mouse passage murine leprosy bacilli. Microscopically and histopathologically, the acid-fast bacilli derived from organs infected with the in vitro or in vivo grown cultures were indistinguishable from each other. PMID- 7028230 TI - The effect of temperature and other growth conditions on the fatty acid composition of Escherichia coli. AB - During exponential growth, strain AW405 of Escherichia coli K-12 did not regulate the fatty acid composition of its lipids in response either to temperature or to the addition of NaCl, KCl, or MgCl2 to the medium. Growth was severely restricted at temperatures below 21 degrees C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the isolated lipids from a culture with a typical exponential-phase composition yielded a broad transition, extending from approximately 0 to 33 degrees C, with a midpoint at 19 degrees C. During late stages of growth, the fatty acid composition changed. The percentage of palmitic acid increased and cyclopropane fatty acids replaced some of the equivalent unsaturated fatty acids. The increase in palmitate seemed largely independent of growth conditions, whereas the increase in the cyclopropane fatty acids was stimulated by the addition of salts or sucrose. Cultures grown in the presence of sucrose also had higher cyclopropane fatty acid levels during exponential growth. DSC of lipids from a sucrose culture, in which the compositional changes were most pronounced, yielded a much narrower transition with a midpoint at 27 degrees C. PMID- 7028231 TI - Radioimmunoassay for yeast killer toxin from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A radioimmunoassay was developed for the K1 killer toxin from strain T158C/S14a of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 125I-labeled toxin was made to a specific activity of 100 microCi/mg of protein (1 microCi = 37 kBq). Antibody to purified toxin was prepared in rabbits using toxin cross-linked to itself. These antibodies, partially purified by 50% ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography, produced one precipitation band with killer toxin and bound 125I-labeled toxin in a radioimmunoassay. The antibody preparation also bound with the toxins from another K1 killer, A364A, and three chromosomal superkiller mutants derived from it. PMID- 7028232 TI - A simple apparatus for measuring the Eh of anaerobic media. AB - A 22-mm outside diameter screw cap test tube was modified for measuring the redox potential (Eh) of samples of anaerobic media. The screw cap was fitted with a grey butyl rubber septum with a hole through which a platinum-calomel combination electrode was inserted. The tube was shortened in length and a small side arm that could be sealed with a serum stopper and an aluminium seal was attached. This device enabled the measurement of Eh of anaerobic media without the need for continuous flushing of the vessel headspace to maintain anaerobiosis. PMID- 7028233 TI - Immunofluorescent staining of rat brain glial cells with multiple sclerosis serum. AB - Antibodies directed against glial cells may be involved in autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis (MS). Using a tissue culture system, the presence of glial cell antibodies in MS-patient serum was detected through immunofluorescent technique. Thirty one of 73 MS-sera were strongly positive for anti-glial cells, 13 were equivocal and 29 were negative. The antibody staining was either cytoplasmic or associated with cell surface membrane, and involved IgG type of antibody. PMID- 7028234 TI - Polymyositis presenting with distal and asymmetrical weakness. PMID- 7028235 TI - Paul Flechsig's system of myelogenetic cortical localization in the light of recent research in neuroanatomy and neurophysiology part II. PMID- 7028236 TI - Institutional care of the mentally disordered in Canada--a 17th century record. AB - "General hospitals" for the care of the helpless poor, the aged and infirm, lunatics and idiots, which were developed in the mid-17th century by Louis XIV of France, soon spread to the colony in New France. Francois Charon, a wealthy businessman, built the Hopital General de Ville Marie, Montreal, which was opened in 1694 to care for impoverished and helpless men. The Hospital Register, discovered in the Archives of the Soeurs Grises, Montreal, provides details of the patients' names, dates of and reasons for admission and the dates of discharge or death. An analysis of the Register, covering the 45 years of the Charon period, reveals that among the 66 boys and men admitted, from 1694 to 1738, at least seven inmates suffered from some form of mental disorder or retardation. This suggests that the Hopital General de Ville Marie, together with the Hopital General de Quebec, were the first Canadian institutions to provide care for the mentally disordered. Pierre Chevallier, who was retarded, lived in the hospital for 44 years until his death at the age of 85. The length of stay in the hospital indicates that the early settlers of New France were men of robust constitution and that the regime provided by the Freres Charon was physically as well as spiritually sustaining. PMID- 7028237 TI - D. Ewen Cameron's Day Hospital and the day hospital movement. PMID- 7028238 TI - Responses to methylphenidate and varied doses of caffeine in children with attention deficit disorder. AB - Six children with the diagnosis of Attention Deficit Disorder were treated as day hospital patients, using different stimulant medication. They were studied in a double-blind crossover experiment in which they received caffeine in low dose or in a high dose. Methylphenidate was added to both dosages, as well as administered alone. Results indicated that caffeine in low dosage when added to methylphenidate was superior to all other treatment conditions. Caffeine in low dosage could not be differentiated from 10 mg of methylphenidate. High dosage caffeine was not different from placebo or no-drug conditions. This study offers evidence to support a curvilinear pattern of dose-response for caffeine, in attenuating the behavioural manifestations of this syndrome. PMID- 7028239 TI - Double blind study of lecithin in patients with Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 7028240 TI - King Saul: persecutor or persecuted? PMID- 7028241 TI - From Sappho to Stand: historical perspective on crossdressing and cross gender. PMID- 7028242 TI - Randomized trial of standard therapy with or without poly I:C in patients with superficial bladder cancer. AB - Thirty-two patients with superficial urinary bladder tumors were stratified for four variables and randomized after complete transurethral resection and/or fulguration of tumor to receive standard therapy with or without intravenous Poly I:C. Cystoscopies were performed at three- to four-month intervals for up to 48 months. While there was no statistically significant difference in the tumor recurrence rates in the two groups during the first year, a significant increase (P = 0.003) in survival at four years was observed between the Poly I:C group and the control group. The difficulties in evaluating the efficacy of anti-neoplastic agents in the treatment of superficial bladder tumors are discussed. PMID- 7028243 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for acute myelosclerosis. AB - Four patients with acute myelosclerosis were treated with chemoradiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. Three of the four had prompt engraftment with greater than 0.10 X 10(9) granulocytes/liter three weeks after transplantation. One patient continues in complete remission one year after transplantation. One patient experienced a partial remission and two patients died early in the post transplantation period. Marrow fibrosis disappeared in three of the four patients. The patient with residual marrow fibrosis died 22 days after transplantation. It is apparent that marrow fibrosis is reversible. In view of the absence of other effective therapy, intensive therapy with marrow transplantation should be considered as primary therapy for patients with acute myelosclerosis who have a suitable marrow donor. PMID- 7028244 TI - Follicular (nodular) lymphoma during the first two decades of life: a clinicopathologic study of 12 patients. AB - Twelve patients who developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a follicular pattern during the first two decades of life were studied. Eight had the poorly differentiated lymphocytic type; the remaining four had the "histiocytic" type. Eleven of the 12 patients were male. Nine were asymptomatic, and eight had lymphadenopathy in the head and neck region. Comparison of ages revealed the extent of disease tended to be localized (Stages I and II) in the pediatric (less than 16 years old) patients (83%) and generalized in the adolescent-young adult (16-19 years old) patients (83%). Of ten patients treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, eight achieved complete remissions that lasted 3-58 months (median, 17.5 months). Five are still in remission; three have relapsed. Seven are alive 12-120 months from diagnosis (median, 48 months); six have no clinical evidence of disease. The remaining five patients died two to 164 months after diagnosis (median, 13 months). Three of the four patients who died with lymphoma had diffuse "histiocytic" lymphoma demonstrated at autopsy examination. Poor prognostic factors included 1) failure to achieve a complete remission following initial therapy; 2) extranodal disease (with the exception of the poorly differentiated lymphocytic type involving the spleen and liver); 3) development of diffuse "histiocytic" lymphoma. Follicular lymphoma occurring in the second decade of life has a biologic behavior similar to follicular lymphoma in adults. PMID- 7028245 TI - Four-drug combination chemotherapy in advanced lung cancer: methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and CCNU. AB - One-hundred-twenty patients with advanced lung cancer were treated by the MACC (methotrexate, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), cyclophosphamide and CCNU) regimen. Ninety-eight patients were evaluated. Objective complete response occurred in one case for 27+ months. Partial response was observed in 20 patients lasting for a median of 4.7 months. The overall objective response rate was 21% and the median duration of response was 5.5 months. Stable disease was noted in 44 patients with a median time to progression of 4.7 months from the start of treatment. Tumor progression occurred in 33 cases. There was a significant prolongation of median actuarial survival of responders (11.2 months) vs. stable disease (6.2 months) or vs. non-responders (3.8 months, P less than 0.05). The median actuarial survival for the whole group was 7.3 months. Bone marrow toxicity including thrombocytopenia (less than 100,000 cells/mm3) occurred in 16 patients and leukopenia (less than 3000 cells/mm3) in 24 patients. Forty-seven patients had no hematologic toxicity. Other adverse reactions were nausea and vomiting (50%), stomatitis (16%), alopecia (5%), cardiotoxicity (1%) and fever during leukopenia (1%). PMID- 7028246 TI - A comparative study of smooth muscle tumors utilizing light and electron microscopy, immunocytochemical staining and enzymatic assay. AB - A comparative study of eight benign and eight malignant soft tissue spindle cells tumors was done utilizing light and electron microscopy, immunocytochemical staining, and enzymatic assay of tumor homogenates. The tumors were evaluated with two antibodies using both immunofluorescent (IF) and immunoperoxidase (IP) techniques. One antibody, purified rabbit antichicken gizzard myosin antibody (RAMA) delineated only smooth muscle tumors, both benign and malignant. IP was more sensitive than IF using this antibody. Nonmyogenic spindle cell tumors, which served as controls, gave uniformly negative results when stained with this antibody. The second antibody, human antismooth muscle antibody (HASMA), was not as sensitive or specific as RAMA by both IF and IP techniques. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzyme assay revealed that both benign and malignant smooth muscle tumors contain a high content of brain and smooth muscle (BB) isoenzyme (skeletal muscle isoenzyme (MM)/BB ratio less than 0.05). In contrast, control nonmyogenic spindle cell tumors exhibited MM/BB ratios of 0.1 or greater. While electron microscopy remains the major diagnostic tool to determine the histogenesis of difficult spindle cell tumors, IP staining methods with RAMA and CPK isoenzyme assay are useful in delineating tumors of smooth muscle origin. PMID- 7028247 TI - Subcategories of histiocytic lymphoma: associations with survival and reproducibility of classification. The Southeastern Cancer Study Group experience. AB - Five pathologists reviewed histologic slides from 134 cases of histiocytic lymphoma and subclassified these cases using Lukes-Collins classification system. Of 98 morphologically subclassifiable cases, 85 were distributed among three categories, each presumed to represent a lymphoma of follicular center cell origin. The remaining 12 cases were classified among three additional categories. The cases within the three follicular center cell categories, considered collectively, had a significantly better survival than did the cases within the other three categories considered as a whole. The pathologists classified cases generally as being of a follicular center cell type with a high degree of reproducibility, but their individual classifications varied significantly with respect to more specific morphologic categories. Suboptimal quality of histologic sections was a significant factor contributing to problems in morphologic classification. Ancillary immunologic techniques may be required for definitive subclassification of large cell lymphomas. PMID- 7028248 TI - Co-mutagenic effects of 2-aminoanthracene and cigarette smoke condensate on smoker's urine in the Ames Salmonella assay system. AB - Cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and cigarette smoker's urine (concentrated) (UC) were tested alone and in combination with direct and indirect mutagens for histidine reversion in the Ames Salmonella assay system. While both CSC and smoker's urine showed some mutagenic activity upon metabolic activation with S9 mix, each of them in combination with the aromatic amine 2-aminoanthracene (2AA) exhibited a synergistic effect on mutagenicity. Such a synergistic effect was not found when these agents were combined with the direct mutagens, ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) and methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), or the indirect mutagens, benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA), tested in this study, nor was the synergistic effect observed when 2AA was tested with urine from a non-smoker. The results, thus, reflected a specificity of the co-mutagenic action of factor(s) in cigarette smoke or smoker's urine and 2AA. The significance of co-mutagens in carcinogenesis has been discussed and the importance of investigating co-mutagenesis particularly in the case of suspected human exposure to multiple environmental agents has been emphasized. PMID- 7028249 TI - Mutagen formation during the cooking of fish. AB - Compounds mutagenic toward Salmonella typhimurium strains sensitive to frameshift mutation (1537, 1538 and TA98) were formed when fish flesh was fried at 190 degrees c. Four species of marine fish commonly consumed in the United States were cooked in an electric skillet and broiled beneath the elements of an electric oven. Organic extracts of the fish were tested in the Salmonella mutagenic assay using strains 1535, 1537, 1538, TA98 and TA100. Basic organic extracts of fried but not raw or broiled samples exhibited significant mutagenicity with metabolic activation. Mutagenic activity ratios ranging from 3.3 to 15.7 for the extract from 20 g of fish were observed. The mutagenicity produced during the frying of fish was dependent on time. Frying times of less than 6 min produced no mutagenic activity, while at 6 min or greater substantial mutagenicity was generated. PMID- 7028250 TI - Analysis of the clinical and biological significance of lymphoid phenotypes in acute leukemia. AB - Analysis of leukemic cell phenotypes using cell surface antigens and various enzymes indicates that acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a biologically heterogeneous disease consisting of four major subclasses with additional subsets existing within these subclasses. These different types of ALL appear to reflect sequential stages of early lymphocyte ontogeny. There is a strong association between cell phenotype and first remission duration in ALL (p trend less than 0.0001) and an equally strong correlation between remission duration and white blood cell count at presentation. If common ALL and thymic ALL (T-ALL) are compared after adjustment of white blood cell counts, then the prognostic differences between these two major subclasses almost disappear (p = 0.38). It is suggested, therefore, that an immunological (and enzymatic) phenotype of ALL subclasses may not be an independent correlate of prognosis but nevertheless is linked to other differentiation-linked features, especially growth rate and sites of clonal expansion (e.g., marrow versus thymus), which critically influence the size of the clonogenic leukemic population and its associated evolutionary status with respect to drug resistant mutants at the time of diagnosis and introduction of therapy. An extensive library of monoclonal antibodies has been used to further define the phenotypic heterogeneity of T-and non-T All. Several of the antigenic structures identified by these monoclonal antibodies have been isolated and characterized. T-ALL can be dissected into several subsets corresponding to stages of intrathymic differentiation. Non-T ALL (null-ALL, common ALL, and B ALL) all have a phenotype indicative of B-lineage affiliation indicating that "non-T, non-B" ALL may originate from B-cell precursors in bone marrow. A cell type is identified in normal bone marrow which has the same identical monoclonal antibody-defined phenotype as common ALL and may provide the target cell for this disease. PMID- 7028251 TI - Clinical utility of leukemia cell terminal transferase measurements. AB - Interest in the DNA-synthetic enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) has developed from two sets of observations: first, in normal animals, it occurs only in immature thymic lymphocytes and in a subpopulation of bone marrow lymphocytes; second, it is present in the blast cells of almost all patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A prospective trial to evaluate blast cell TdT as a predictor of responsiveness to vincristine and prednisone in 30 Philadelphia chromosome-positive patients with blastic chronic myelogenous leukemia was undertaken. Eleven of 16 TdT-positive patients responded, whereas only one of 14 TdT-negative patients showed improvement. Among TdT-positive patients under the age of 50 years, the response rate was 78%. Enzyme-negative patients under the age of 50 had an 11% response rate. Blast cell morphology (i.e., lymphoblastic versus myeloblastic) had no significant correlation with either responsiveness or TdT activity. These results suggest that blast cell TdT activity may identify leukemic patients who are likely to respond to vincristine and prednisone irrespective of their conventional classification. PMID- 7028252 TI - Chromosomal abnormalities in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Chromosome abnormalities in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and their possible clinical significance are briefly reviewed based upon the literature and 60 cases studied at the University of Minnesota. Almost all cases of ALL appear to demonstrate clonal abnormalities; the major abnormal clone is usually hyperdiploid or pseudodiploid. Among cases of non-T, non-B ALL, at least four translocations appear to be present with an increased frequency: t(9;22); t(4;11); t(11;14); and t(1;3). Patients with these translocations appear to have unique clinical and laboratory findings. Although the presence of abnormal clones does not seem to influence remission duration, the nature of the abnormality does. Patients whose leukemias demonstrate predominantly a pseudodiploid abnormal clone or a translocation have significantly shorter first remissions. Most importantly, among patients with non-T, non-B ALL, the presence or absence of translocations may separate poor responders from good responders. PMID- 7028253 TI - Doxorubicin and cisplatin therapy in children with neuroblastoma resistant to conventional therapy: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. AB - Fifteen children with metastatic neuroblastoma resistant to vincristine and cyclophosphamide were treated with two drugs which were known to be effective as single drugs against neuroblastoma. The drugs were given in courses every 3 weeks. Doxorubicin (50 mg/m2 iv) was given on Day 1 and cisplatin (50 mg/m2) was administered on Day 2 as an 8-hour infusion, using a forced diuretic-hydration program. Three of the 15 children achieved partial or complete remission. Three children showed improvement. The other children either did not respond to the therapy or had progressive disease. The combination of doxorubicin and cisplatin given in the sequence outlined is no more effective than either drug given singly. The side effects of the drug combination were tolerable and were in keeping with previously described toxicity. PMID- 7028254 TI - Nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma: changes in histology and survival. AB - Lymphoma patients with a nodular pattern have a better prognosis than those with a diffuse pattern. Histologic evolution from nodular to diffuse may occur during the course of the disease in the same patient. This change in pattern may be of prognostic significance. We reviewed 56 patients with an initial diagnosis of nodular poorly differentiated lymphoma seen over a 12-year period (1966-1978). Thirty-five patients had biopsies after initial diagnosis, and 28 of the cases could be classified as nodular or diffuse. Eleven of the 56 cases evolved from a nodular to a diffuse pattern. Forty-four of the 56 patients achieved a complete remission and were evaluated for survival. The median survival (66+ months) for patients who have never relapsed is similar to that for patients who relapsed with a nodular pattern (70 months) and patients who relapsed with a diffuse pattern (73 months). Relapse with a nodular pattern occurred at a median of 27 months after initial diagnosis and relapse with a diffuse pattern (73 months). Relapse with a nodular pattern occurred at a median of 27 months after initial diagnosis and relapse with a diffuse pattern occurred at a median of 49 months. Although overall survival in patients relapsing with nodular or diffuse disease is similar, median survival from relapse with nodular disease is longer (32+ months) than median survival with diffuse disease (17 months) (P = 0.068). PMID- 7028255 TI - Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced non small cell lung cancer. AB - Fifty-four patients with non-small cell lung cancer were treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (CAP). A 35% response rate was seen, with a median survival of 380 days for the responders, compared to median survival times of 150 days for the nonresponders and 229 days for the group. Twenty-four percent of these patients had received prior treatment. All of the nonresponding patients had died by 438 days, whereas eight of 19 responders lived greater than 425 days. The survival curve the nonresponders was similar to that for a historical control group not given chemotherapy. These data indicate that this drug regimen has some efficacy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. PMID- 7028256 TI - Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in the treatment of non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - One hundred and forty-three patients with unresectable non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (CAP). Objective responses were seen in 27.5% of 131 evaluable patients. Response rates for squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell anaplastic carcinoma were 30.2% (13 of 43 patients), 28.0% (14 of 50), and 32.1% (nine of 28), respectively. The median survival time for responders with extensive disease was 33.0 weeks compared with 29.3 weeks for patients with stable disease and only 9.6 weeks for patients with disease progression. The survival advantage of patients responding to CAP relative to those who had disease progression during treatment is highly significant statistically (P = 0.0005). However, patients whose disease remained stable also had longer survival than those who had disease progression (P = 0.001), and their survival was not significantly different from that of responders (P = 0.19). The CAP chemotherapy regimen was generally well-tolerated, although acute gastrointestinal symptoms were common. Our results indicate that CAP chemotherapy can cause tumor regression in patients with non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma and may extend the survival of responding patients. PMID- 7028257 TI - Combination cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (CAP) chemotherapy for extensive non-small cell carcinomas of the lung. AB - Fifty consecutive patients with extensive non-small cell carcinoma of the lung were randomized to one of two chemotherapeutic regimens. Twenty-three patients (group 1) received cyclophosphamide (600 mg/mg(2)), doxorubicin (40 mg/m(2)), and cisplatin (50 mg/m(2)) every 3 weeks; 27 patients (group 2) received cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m(2)), doxorubicin (40 mg/m(2)), and cisplatin (100 mg/m(2)) every 3 weeks. The objective response rates were 4% and 7% in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Median survival duration was 15.2 weeks (group 1) and 21.7 weeks (group 2; P greater than or equal to 0.3). Hematologic toxicity was minimal in group 1 and moderate in group 2. Renal toxicity was moderate in group 2 only. Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin as used in this study is not superior to previous studies in this institution using cyclophosphamide as a single agent. PMID- 7028258 TI - Chemotherapy for inoperable, non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma: EST 2575, generation II. AB - Between 1976 and 1978 the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group tested ten regimens in 415 patients with histologically documented, inoperable non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Most patients were ambulatory (69%) and had extensive disease (69%). Patients were stratified by cell type: squamous cell carcinoma (SQ), large cell anaplastic carcinoma (LC), or adenocarcinoma (AD). Ineffective single agents (including cell types tested and percent complete and partial responses) were dactinomycin (SQ, 6%), dianhydrogalactitol (SQ, 0), ftorafur (AD and LC, 3%), and piperazinedione (AD and LC, 7%), Ineffective combination regimens included the contemporary standard regimen cyclophosphamide (CYT) plus CCNU (SQ, AD, and LC, 9%), methotrexate plus doxorubicin (ADR) plus CYT plus CCNU (MAC) (SQ and AD, 12%), and mitolactol plus ADR (AD and LC, 8%). When compared to CYT plus CCNU the following regimens demonstrated significant activity: CYT plus bleomycin plus cisplatin (SQ, 23%; P = 0.02) and ADR plus 5-FU plus cisplatin (AD and LC, 24%; P = 0.006). Mitomycin demonstrated marginal activity in squamous cell cancer (19%, P = 0.06). Neither "active" regimen improved survival although responders to any regimen had a significant prolongation of median survival (31.6 vs 15.7 weeks, P = 0.002). The MACC regimen, piperazinedione, and mitomycin were substantially more toxic than the two effective regimens, which were adequately tolerated. Ambulatory performance status, limited disease, and prior surgery were significant positive prognostic variables whereas prior radiation and pretreatment weight loss adversely affected response or survival. PMID- 7028259 TI - Immediate versus postponed combination chemotherapy (CAMP) for unresectable non small cell lung cancer: a randomized trial. AB - A randomized control trial was performed in good performance status patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer to test a strategy of early aggressive combination chemotherapy (CAMP [cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, methotrexate, and procarbazine]) versus a strategy of delaying such treatment until clinical deterioration. Thirty-seven patients received immediate CAMP and 35 patients received initial low-dose single-agent CCNU (CAMP was postponed). Immediate CAMP therapy produced an objective response rate of 44% in patients with measurable lesions, and CCNU produced none. Median survival was 193 days for the immediate CAMP group and 175 days for the postponed-CAMP group (P = 0.26). Measures of quality of life were made and no difference emerged between the two treatment strategies. This trial failed to show substantial benefit from immediate combination chemotherapy in minimally symptomatic patients with non-small cell lung cancer. PMID- 7028260 TI - VP-16-213 in the treatment of stage III and IV diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma of the large cell (histiocytic) variety: an interim report. AB - A pilot study has previously demonstrated antitumor activity for the epipodophyllotoxin VP-16-213 in patients with diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma of the large cell (histiocytic) variety. To define this observation further, a prospective randomized trial was undertaken in patients with stage III and IV disease, comparing this agent used alone (group 1, 41 patients) to the response obtained when the same schedule of VP-16-213 was combined with either cyclophosphamide (group 2, 36 patients) or doxorubicin (group 3, 41 patients). The quantity of VP-16-213 given to patients in the three groups was equivalent. Of these 118 patients, three were lost to followup and thus were excluded from further study. Specifically included were 12 patients who died within 1 month of diagnosis while still receiving induction chemotherapy. For the three groups, complete remission rates were 39%, 26%, and 54%, and additional partial remissions were obtained in 20%, 11%, and 10% of the patients, respectively. The lower remission rates obtained in patients receiving cyclophosphamide combined with VP-16-213 are statistically significant (P less than 0.05), but no explanation for this is evident since the distribution of poor prognostic factors among the three groups was uniform. The higher percent of complete remission and the greater number of patients remaining free from disease in group 3 demonstrate the superiority of the combination of VP-16-213 with the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin. PMID- 7028261 TI - Capsular polysaccharides from a parent strain and from a possible, mutant strain of Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A. PMID- 7028262 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic effect of perhexiline]. PMID- 7028263 TI - [Review of recent investigations on platelet regulators following infarction]. PMID- 7028264 TI - Prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 formation in response to adrenergic stimulation in humans: a mechanism for local control of vascular response to sympathetic activation? PMID- 7028265 TI - The current status of cancer chemotherapy for selected human neoplasms. PMID- 7028266 TI - Immunofluorescent detection of angiotensin II in sarcoidosis epithelioid and giant cells. PMID- 7028267 TI - [Chances of finding HLA identical bone marrow donors among relations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028268 TI - [Vasodilators--"new" therapy in cardiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028269 TI - [Dr. Karel Chodounsky (1843-1931)]. PMID- 7028270 TI - Electron microscopic study of immunoreactive LHRH perikarya with special reference to neuronal regulation. AB - In early postnatal rats, immunoreactive LHRH perikarya in the preoptic area were studied by light and electron microscopy. Synaptic junctions were found between the immunoreactive perikaryon or its process, and the immunonegative nerve fibers. The significance of these synapses is discussed in relation to possible mechanisms by which the activities of LHRH neurons are regulated. PMID- 7028271 TI - Islet organ, blood glucose and glucose tolerance of lean and obese Mongolian gerbils. A quantitative study. AB - Gerbils were divided, on the basis of body weight, into obese (greater than 80 gms) and lean (less than 80 gms) groups. Fasting blood glucose estimations on all 31 gerbils, and glucose tolerance tests on 9 lean and 6 obese animals, were carried out. All lean and some obese gerbils were normoglycaemic and other obese were hyperglycaemic. All obese gerbils exhibited glucose intolerance. General morphological studies were undertaken as follows: (i) assessment of mesenteric fat deposits, (ii) measurement of anterior abdominal wall thickness, (iii) ratio of animal length to width at specified loci (index of shape). The degree of obesity was less than previously reported in this species though blood glucose abnormality was comparable. The index of animal shape showed a strong correlation with body weight. The following kinds of histological observation were made on pancreases from 4 lean and 4 obese gerbils: (i) % islet representation, (ii) islet size distribution, (iii) beta-cell granularity, (iv) islet vascularity, (v) islet/duct association, (vi) proportions of alpha- and D-cells, (vii) glycogen deposition in islet and duct cells. The pancreases of obese gerbils contained a higher proportion of islet tissue than those of lean due to generally larger islets: this hyperplasia was mainly attributable to beta-cell proliferation. Many obese gerbil islets exhibited hyperaemia and beta-cell degranulation. There was no evidence of glycogen deposition. PMID- 7028272 TI - Immunocytochemistry of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) and gonadotropic hormones in the sheep after anterior deafferentations of the hypothalamus. AB - Using the immunoperoxidase method, the effect of the anterior deafferentations on the (1) LHRH-neuronal system in the hypothalamus and (2) gonadotropic cells in the adenohypophysis of the ewe were investigated. Two kinds of the anterior deafferentations were placed in the hypothalamus of cycling ewes. The first was performed at the level of caudal border of the chiasma opticum (CB deafferentation) and separated the medio-basal hypothalamus (MBH) from the anterior hypothalamic area (AHA). The second, was place above the midline of the optic chiasma (MB deafferentation) and detached the AHA from the area praeoptica (AP). Estrous cycles and ovulation ceased in all CB-deafferentation. Immunocytochemical observations revealed a complete lack of LHRH-material both in the hypothalamic nuclei and in all parts of the median eminence (ME) and disappearance of LH-cells in the pituitary gland. In MB deafferented animals, only a diminished density of LHRH-material occurred in the rostral and central parts of the ME, but the ewes continued estrous cycles. Furthermore, numerous LHRH-axons and some LHRH-perikarya were visible in the regions of the AP and AHA. From these results the author is of the opinion, that in the ewe, principally AHA, but not MBH, retains the ability to produce LHRH. Difficulties in staining LHRH-perikarya suggest that in this species LHRH may be synthesized in an immunologically inactive (prohormonal) form. PMID- 7028273 TI - The ramification pattern of amacrine cells within the inner plexiform layer of the carp retina. AB - The morphology of amacrine cells in the retina of the carp is described using the Golgi technique. The ramification pattern of these cells was analyzed in flat mounts of retinas, Based on these observations classification into five groups was made. Cells possessing one principal process leaving the soma were subdivided into starburst A-neurons and radiate neurons. Cells having two or more principal processes were subdivided into starburst B-neutrons and spindle-shaped soma neurons. Small, diffuse amacrine cells form the fifth group. With respect to the shape of the field of arborization, the following cell types could be distinguished: (i) uniform cells, (ii) cells with a preferential direction, and (iii) cells with a marked edge, i.e., cells that lack processes in one direction. The latter form rarely occurs among starburst neurons; most of the spindle-shaped soma cells possess processes with a preferred direction, and cells with a marked edge are mainly found among the radiate neurons. All five cell types are found throughout the retina. The size of the cells varies within each group, and there is no correlation between size and distance from the optic nerve. The radial arborization pattern of each cell was examined in serial transverse sections. Starburst A-neurons ramify in the middle of the inner plexiform layer (IPL), radiate neurons in the inner half, and spindle-shaped soma neurons without overlapping processes (type B) as well as starburst B-neurons in the outer half. The ramification can be monostratified (narrow or broad), bistratified or multistratified. Small, diffuse amacrine cells and spindle-shaped soma neurons with overlapping process (type A) ramify throughout the entire IPL. PMID- 7028274 TI - Prevention of contrast-induced bradycardia during coronary angiography. AB - A double-blind study of 90 patients undergoing coronary angiography was performed to determine the safety and efficacy of 0.6 mg atropine sulfate in preventing contrast-induced bradycardia. Coronary angiography performed using the Sones technique resulted in ventricular pauses of greater than 2 seconds in 3 of 49 patients (6%) who received prophylactic atropine and 20 of 41 patients (49%) receiving placebo. Though the pauses were usually due to atrial asystole, 26% of those with greater than 2 second pauses did so because of transient complete heart block. Prophylactic atropine did increase resting heart rate but did not cause other arrhythmias or increase the frequency of angina pectoris despite the presence of severe coronary disease. Our data indicate that contrast-induced asystole is very common, cannot be predicted by consideration of "precatheterization data," and can be prevented effectively and safely by use of prophylactic atropine sulfate. PMID- 7028275 TI - The use of acid-etch metal retainers. PMID- 7028276 TI - The reduced localization of iv-injected lymphocytes into the lymph nodes, lungs, and small intestine of allogeneic hosts is a consequence of cell destruction. PMID- 7028277 TI - Macrophage-stimulating effect of a synthetic muramyl dipeptide and its adjuvant active and -inactive analogs for the production of T-cell activating monokines. PMID- 7028278 TI - High resolution light and electron microscopic localization of tubulin with the IGS (immuno gold staining) method. PMID- 7028279 TI - [30 years of the German Democratic Republic and its contribution to the international development of pharmacy]. PMID- 7028280 TI - [History of pharmacies in Tesin]. PMID- 7028281 TI - [Fibronectin and its role in cell interactions with extracellular matrices]. PMID- 7028282 TI - [Use of cell cultures in monitoring toxic and mutagenic effects of chemical substances present in the environment]. PMID- 7028283 TI - [Corneal surgery]. PMID- 7028284 TI - [Perforating keratoplasty under the microscope (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028285 TI - [Diary of Dr. Josef Ryba. Translated from German manuscript by Vera Kadlecova. Commentary by Vera Kadlecova and Otakar Malousek]. PMID- 7028286 TI - Non-random distribution of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea sensitive sites in a eukaryotic genome. AB - DNA released from Ehrlich ascites cells by lysis in the presence of 50 microgram X ml-1 of proteinase K contains long alkali-stable strands in the order of 50-100 X 10(6) daltons. In contrast, DNA released in the presence of 6 mg X ml-1 of autodigested pronase is significantly nicked. According to sedimentation rates the number of internal ends liberated during this procedure is 24/200 X 10(6) daltons. The number of alkali-labile sites introduced into DNA by incubation of Ehrlich ascites cells with 1 nM of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) followed by cell lysis in the presence of 50 microgram X ml-1 of proteinase K and alkali denaturation is 16.6/200 X 10(6) daltons. From this one should expect that denatured DNA released from cells pretreated with 1 mM of MNU which are subsequently lysed with 6 mg X ml-1 of pronase would have about 40 single-strand breaks/200 X 10(6) daltons. However, denatured DNA strands released by 6 mg X ml 1 of pronase either from MNU-treated or untreated cells cannot be separated by centrifugation through alkaline sucrose gradients. This phenomenon could be explained by a non-random distribution of MNU-inducible alkali-labile sites of DNA in vivo. PMID- 7028287 TI - A colorimetric determination of total glutathione based on its C-terminal glycine residue and its application to blood, liver, and yeast. PMID- 7028288 TI - Calcitonin increases serum glucose concentration independently of insulin secretion in rats. PMID- 7028289 TI - Synthesis of stereoisomeric Suc-Tyr-Leu-Val-pNA and their properties as substrate and inhibitor for human spleen fibrinolytic proteinase (SFP). PMID- 7028290 TI - Stereoisomeric alanine peptides as substrates for human spleen fibrinolytic proteinase (SFP). PMID- 7028291 TI - Health care in the Bible and the Talmud. PMID- 7028292 TI - The birth, growth and development and future dimensions of occupational health nursing. PMID- 7028293 TI - [A major event in the exciting life of Charles Nicolle: the Nobel Prize of Physiology or Medicine. Reminiscences by Pierre Nicolle]. PMID- 7028294 TI - [Endemic syphillis in Upper Volta. A peculiar aspect of the epidemiological profile]. AB - A seroimmunological survey was realised in Upper Volta using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. It showed that endemic syphilis also known as bejel is not exclusively encountered in Sahelian regions. So, in Kora village which is located in a savannah area prevalence was around 10.3%. The disease particularly affects males. Congenital syphilis is certainly exceptional for first cases of serological treponematosis were only detected after 5 years. Endemic syphilis distribution in microfocuses in the village area underlines that promiscuity acts as a contributing factor for contamination. PMID- 7028295 TI - [2 Breton cases of autochthonous malaria, in reality the first French cases of "airport malaria"]. AB - Two cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria encountered in Finistere in 1969 are regularly referred to in the literature as infections acquired in Brittany. In view of the extreme rarity of such an occurrence, it was decided to reexamine the data and consider in detail the biological and epidemiological factors for and against the possibility of infection occurring in Brittany. PMID- 7028296 TI - [Polyresistance of asiatic P. falciparum to chloroquine and pyrimethamine sulfadoxine combination. Apropos of a new case]. AB - The authors report a case of a multi-drug resistant Asiatic P. falciparum strain in a first non-immune man treated out of an endemic zone after failure of chemoprophylaxis by pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine. The authors compare this care with the lately published cases in Germany and Switzerland. They call again that I and II resistances were observed at the time of the drug's trials in and out of endemic zones. They ascertain that this resistances are often associated with chloroquino-resistance and that their number increases chiefly in certain areas. PMID- 7028297 TI - [Human cutaneous leishmaniasis in western Africa]. AB - The authors present a synthesis of all available data concerning cutaneous leishmaniasis in West Africa. After describing the natural biotope of the disease, they recall the first reported cases, then the systematic surveys and leishmanin skin tests which allowed a better knowledge of the disease in some West African countries. The census of the most important foci shows a typical belt distribution related to the bioclimatic conditions. Lastly, the authors report an epidemiological investigation of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Keur Moussa focus near Thies (Senegal), which allowed to describe the natural cycle of the disease and present an hypothesis on the focus dynamics. The possibility of extrapolating data obtained in Senegal to other West African countries is discussed. PMID- 7028298 TI - [Albendazole. Evaluation of tolerance and efficacy in oxyuriasis, trichocephaliasis, ankylostomiasis, ascaridiasis, anguilluliasis]. AB - Albendazole was given to some men for the first time. 131 patients (43 children) received different dosages, without clinical intolerance. Biological parameters were normal. Each study was made in two parts: - determination of the good dosage, - administration in a double-blind study (except for Strongyloides Stercoralis). Albendazole has a good efficiency against Enterobius Vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides and Necator americanus. Strongyloides Stercoralis seems to be killed by this drug, but complementary studies will be necessary. PMID- 7028299 TI - A controlled field trial of an aluminum phosphate-adsorbed cholera vaccine in Calcutta. AB - A controlled field trial to determine the efficacy of a single dose of an aluminium phosphate-adsorbed cholera vaccine was conducted in Calcutta during 1975-77. An aluminium phosphate-adsorbed tetanus toxoid was used as the placebo. Follow-up of the immunized volunteers for a period of two years showed that the adsorbed cholera vaccine provided 100% protection to children under five years of age for 6 months, 88.9% for 12 months, and 91.7% for 18 months (P<0.05). The overall protection for all age groups was 58.5% for 18 months. There were no serious side effects following the anti-cholera inoculations. PMID- 7028300 TI - [Mass chemotherapy with spaced doses of diethylcarbamazine: effects in Tahiti on microfilaraemia due to Wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica]. PMID- 7028301 TI - Use of the in vitro microtechnique for the assessment of drug sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in Sennar, Sudan. AB - In 1978, studies on the chloroquine sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum were carried out in the district of Sennar, Sudan. The results of the in vivo tests showed parasites resistant at the RI level only, but the mean clearance time of trophozoites from the blood was higher than for strains found in many other areas of tropical Africa. The in vitro tests, using the microtechnique, indicated a lower sensitivity to chloroquine in the local P. falciparum isolates than in those of most other African countries. However, similar results have been reported from Ethiopia. The chloroquine sensitivity of P. falciparum from Sennar is close to the critical level of resistance. The in vitro microtechnique was also used to test for the sensitivity to Dabequin, 4-aminobenzo-quinoline, and was generally found to be a suitable and reproducible method, with a greater potential than the standard macro method. At parasite densities of over 100 000 asexual parasites per microlitre of blood the effect of a given concentration of chloroquine was related to the parasite density owing to the selective uptake of the compound by the parasitized cells. PMID- 7028302 TI - The genetics of drug resistance in malaria parasites. AB - The available experimental data on the genetics of drug resistance in malaria parasites are reviewed. Seven possible mechanisms for the origin of drug resistance are considered, and it is pointed out that spontaneous gene mutation is probably the most important. Experiments on the production of pyrimethamine resistant and chloroquine-resistant strains of rodent Plasmodium species, and on the inheritance of such drug resistance, are reviewed. Relevant biochemical data are also considered in relation to the genetics of drug resistance. Studies on competition between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant parasites in mixed populations of rodent plasmodia are described. The implications of these findings for drug resistance in P. falciparum are discussed. PMID- 7028303 TI - Cyclophosphamide and diabetes. PMID- 7028304 TI - Metabolism of 1-nitropyrene and formation of DNA adducts in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - 1-Nitropyrene is slowly reduced by intact cells of Salmonella typhimurium to yield 1-aminopyrene and N-acetyl-1-aminopyrene plus six unidentified minor products. When the bacteria are exposed to tritiated 1-nitropyrene, increasing amounts of radioactivity become bound to DNA as the nitropyrene is metabolized. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the labelled DNA yields low molecular weight labelled compounds which probably represent nucleoside adducts formed by the reaction of nitropyrene metabolites with DNA. Results with appropriate mutant strains indicate that bacterial nitroreductases are involved in activating nitropyrene to a reactive intermediate that binds to DNA and that nitropyrene adducts in DNA are subject to excision repair. PMID- 7028305 TI - Mutagenesis of intact parvovirus H-1 is expressed co-ordinately with enhanced reactivation of ultraviolet irradiated virus in human and rat cells treated with 2-nitronaphthofurans. AB - The exposure of human or rat cells to non-toxic concentrations of two 2 nitronaphthofuran derivatives activated co-ordinately the transient expression of mutator and repair activities. These activities gave rise to both an increase in the mutagenesis (enhanced mutagenesis, EM) and survival (enhanced reactivation, ER) of unirradiated and u.v.-irradiated parvovirus H-1 used as respective probes. The kinetics of expression was the same for mutator and repair activities and for the two chemicals studied. The dose-responses of these activities were also parallel for a given chemical, but one of the furan derivatives exerted its inducing effect at concentrations 20-25 times lower than the other derivative. Both EM and ER were depressed by cycloheximide, and inhibitor of de novo protein synthesis. This is the first report which shows that chemicals can enhance the mutagenesis of undamaged DNA by activating the expression of mutator functions in mammalian, including human, cells. The ability of the two 2-nitronaphthofuran derivatives to trigger EM and ER was found to correlate with their reported mutagenicity in a conventional bacterial test system. PMID- 7028306 TI - Ethanol- or acetone-pretreatment of mice strongly enhances the bacterial mutagenicity of dimethylnitrosamine in assays mediated by liver subcellular fraction, but not in host-mediated assays. AB - The activation of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) to a bacterial mutagen in liver subcellular fraction and in intrasanguinous host-mediated assays was studied, in particular the effect of pretreatment of the animals with ethanol or acetone. Salmonella typhimurium TA 92 was much more sensitive to DMN mutagenicity than TA 100 and TA 1535 or Escherichia coli WP2uvrA and was used for the main part of the study. Noteworthy, in part already known, features of the in vitro activation are the relatively low pH optimum (pH 6-6.4), the non-linear dose-mutagenic response relationship and the relatively high doses of DMN required for activation with control preparations. Pretreatment of mice with ethanol or acetone greatly reduced the minimal mutagenically effective concentration of DMN in the in vitro assay. Pretreatment with Aroclor 1254, an inducer frequently used in mutagenicity research, showed little effect when used alone, but reduced the potentiation by acetone. The results of the host-mediated assays substantially differed from those of the in vitro activation assays (a) in the relatively low dose of DMN required for mutagenicity to occur and (b) in the lack of potentiation by acetone or ethanol-pretreatment. Acetone even led to a marginal decrease in mutagenicity. As a possible explantation for this apparent discrepancy were assume that with the in vitro system the activity of the dilute metabolizing system is limiting for the activation of DMN and induction therefore will increase the mutagenicity, whereas in vivo DMN is quantitatively metabolized in both induced and non-induced animals. The results show that caution has to be taken in the interpretation from in vitro results to the in vivo situation. In particular our in vivo experiments do not support the hypothesis that the induction by ethanol of an activating system with a low Km (which would strongly activate traces of DMN ingested with many foods) is one of the reasons for the increased risk of liver tumors in alcoholics. PMID- 7028307 TI - Investigations on the mutagenicity of primary and secondary alpha acetoxynitrosamines with Salmonella typhimurium: activation and deactivation of structurally related compounds by S-9. AB - alpha-Acetoxynitrosamines may serve as model compounds to study mechanisms of action of N-nitrosamines. They are readily cleaved through hydrolysis, or by esterases, to yield the same ultimate, reactive species presumably also arising after metabolic activation of N-nitrosamines, Structure-activity investigations on alpha-acetoxynitrosamines promise to aid in elucidating mechanisms involved during the activation of N-nitrosamines. A series of alpha acetoxyalkynitrosamines was therefore tested for mutagenicity with Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535. The compounds were readily cleaved, by hydrolysis, to mutagenic intermediates. When comparing compounds according to their proposed alkylating properties, unstable secondary alpha-acetates were considerably more mutagenic than the corresponding relatively stable primary alpha-acetates. Addition of S-9 mix caused both activation as well as deactivation in an unexpected structure-related pattern. This was so because an exactly opposite influence of S-9 components on the mutagenicity was observed for each pair of primary and secondary compounds containing the same alkylating spices. Furthermore, pairs of compounds with both methylating and ethylating properties were differently influenced by S-9 addition than those with propylating or butylating effects. This clearly demonstrates how different chemical properties of intermediate forms may strongly influence the biological activity of otherwise quite similar compounds. PMID- 7028308 TI - Characterization of the hepatic DNA damage caused by 1,2-dibromoethane using the alkaline elution technique. AB - The damage to hepatic cell DNA caused by i.p. administration of 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB) was studied in male Swiss Webster mice. Three hours after treatment, hepatic nuclei were isolated and damage to DNA assessed by the alkaline elution technique. The method for isolation of the nuclei preserved the integrity of the DNA and in addition it was found that the purified nuclei could be frozen for at least 1 week with no detectable damage to the DNA. EDB administration (25-75 mg/kg) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in DNA single-strand breaks. More DNA single-strand breaks were detected when lysed nuclei were preincubated in the alkaline eluting solution prior to analysis. The presence of these alkali-labile sites suggests that the DNA strand breaks result, in part, from the lability of DNA sites alkylated by EDB. There was no evidence of EDB induced DNA-DNA cross links or DNA-protein cross-links. The use of isolated hepatic nuclei as a sample for alkaline elution analysis may be a useful technique for studying the nature of DNA damage induced in vivo by carcinogens. PMID- 7028309 TI - Much of spontaneous mutagenesis in Escherichia coli is due to error-prone DNA repair: implications for spontaneous carcinogenesis. AB - The role of DNA repair genes (uvrA, uvrB, uvrD, recA, recB, lexA, and umuC) in spontaneous mutation rate per bacterium per cell division (micro) was determined for the reversion of UAA (his-4 and trpE65), UAG (lacZ53), and frameshift (trpE9777) mutations, and for the occurrence of forward mutations to valine resistance. Rich growth medium enhanced micro in a wildtype strain but not in a uvrB5 strain. In minimal growth medium, the uvrA and uvrB strains had the largest micro (1.9-6.2-fold greater than that for isogenic wild-type strains, depending on the mutation assay). The uvrB strains carrying lexA, recA, umuC, or both the uvrD and rec B mutations (in combination), i.e., mutations that inhibit error prone DNA repair, had the lowest micro values (approximately 10-fold less than the uvrB strain). Teh recA and lexA mutations also reduced micro (by approximately 2-fold) in uvr+ strains. The genetic control of the error prone repair-dependent sector of spontaneous mutagenesis was shown to be qualitatively similar to the genetic control for u.v. radiation mutagenesis. The umuC mutation, which drastically reduced spontaneous mutagensis, had no effect on genetic recombination. It is proposed that the low level of spontaneous mutagenesis observed in the recA, lexA, umuC, and the uvrD recB strains is due to errors made during DNA replication, while the enhanced level of spontaneous mutagenesis observed in the wild type, and especially in the uvrA and uvrB strains, is due to excisable lesions that are produced in the DNA by normal metabolic reactions, and that such unexcised lesions induce mutations via error-prone DNA repair. These results are discussed in terms of their relevance to spontaneous carcinogenesis. PMID- 7028310 TI - Comparison of the mutagenic activity of dialkylnitrosamines in animal-mediated and in vitro assays using an Escherichia coli indicator. AB - An intrasanguineous host-mediated assay was used to establish the mutagenic potential of a series of dialkylnitrosamines to E. coli K12/343/113 in the liver and spleen of mice. For calibrating purposes, dose- and time-dependent kinetics of mutation induction by the model compound diethylnitrosamine in this assay was determined. Comparison with the results of the same compound in vitro reveals that activation in the intact liver of living mice is more efficient and proceeds for a longer period of time than during incubation in the presence of a liver homogenate. The mutagenicity of five other dialkylnitrosamines (dimethyl-, diethanol-, diisopropyl-, methylethyl-, and methyl-n-propylnitrosamine) was also determined. The results of host-mediated assays in livers and spleens of mice indicate a good correlation with the carcinogenic properties of these compounds as far as the effect on the liver is concerned. The mutagenic activity in vitro shows, however, a poor correlation with carcinogenicity data, mainly because some of the carcinogenicity data, mainly because some of the carcinogenic nitrosamines are not detectable in those tests. It is concluded that, under the present experimental conditions, intrasanguineous host-mediated assays are more sensitive and more representative of the carcinogenic activity of dialkylnitrosamines than in vitro assays using S-9 liver fractions. PMID- 7028311 TI - Electrophysiological changes and ventricular arrhythmias in the early phase of regional myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7028312 TI - A double-blind trial of the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine, and the H1 receptor antagonist promethazine hydrochloride in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. AB - Twenty young adults with atopic dermatitis were allocated randomly in a clinical trial to compare the action of the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine (Tagamet) and the H1 receptor antagonist promethazine hydrochloride (Phenergan), singly and in combination. No significant differences were found, clinically or in the laboratory investigations, between the patients on either drug alone or the combination of the two. PMID- 7028313 TI - Prevalence of precipitating antibodies to different extracts of Aspergillus fumigatus in a North American asthmatic population. AB - This study was carried out to find the prevalence of precipitin reactions in the sera of 200 North American asthmatic subjects. Precipitins were detected by the double diffusion technique using different extracts of Aspergillus fumigatus, including a reference 'home produced' extract and five commercial extracts from three different suppliers. In addition, antigenicity of these extracts was assessed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (XIE). Of the sera, 13.5% reacted to the reference extract and from 2.5 to 12% to the different commercial extracts; 22.5% of the sera reacted to at least one extract. No one serum reacted to all the extracts. Two of fifty-one (4%) nonatopic patients with a negative immediate prick test to A. fumigatus, six of eighty-seven (6.9%) atopic patients with a negative immediate reaction to A. fumigatus, and thirty-seven of sixty two (59%) atopic patients with a positive immediate reaction to A. fumigatus had precipitins to at least one of the extracts used, the skin tests being performed using the A. fumigatus reference extract. The prevalence of precipitin reactions bore a strong correlation with the antigenicity of the extracts by XIE. The same reference extract was also used for specific IgE measurements (Brompton extract, Malo & Paquin, 1979). It was found that patients with precipitins had significantly (P less than 0.001) higher specific and total IgE values than patients without precipitins. In the group of patients with positive skin test, those with precipitins had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher specific IgE values than those without. The authors conclude that different extracts of A. fumigatus should be used to assess the presence of precipitins. The antigenicity of these extracts should also be assayed. PMID- 7028314 TI - Relationship between the results of skin, conjunctival and bronchial tests and RAST with Candida albicans in patients with asthma. AB - The results of the skin, conjunctival and inhalation tests and RAST with Candida antigen were compared with each other in patients with bronchial asthma. The correlation coefficient between the skin test and RAST was 0.50 (P less than 0.01). The correlation coefficient between the skin test, RAST and the inhalation tests was 0.36 (P less than 0.01) and 0.57 (P less than 0.01). The positive agreement of the inhalation test to the skin test, RAST and the conjunctival test was 77, 86 and 93% respectively. In this study the conjunctival test was thought to be the best method in place of the inhalation test. There was no significant relation between the serum IgE concentration and the endpoint of the skin titration testing, and a low correlation was noticed between the serum IgE concentration and RAST counts (r = 0.36). PMID- 7028315 TI - Human antibodies against antigens of the sparrow, blackbird, weaver finch, canary, budgerigar, pigeon and hen using the indirect immunofluorescent technique. AB - Detection of antibodies against various birds, particularly against exotic birds, can be facilitated using the sensitive immunofluorescent technique on avian fixed intestine cryostat sections. Different fluorescent patterns corresponding to different human anti-avian antibodies have been observed. Sixty of 100 human sera containing antibodies against one avian species, predominantly pigeon, reacted also with all other avian species intestines; the remaining forty were more specific and reacted with a few species only. Cross reactions with antigens in song bird intestines indicated the presence of a broad spectrum of antibodies in patients with bird fancier's lung. PMID- 7028316 TI - Evaluation and comparison of radio-, fluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunoassays for serum thyroxine. AB - We have compared three analytical systems for the measurement of serum thyroxine: enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA), fluorescent immunoassay (FIA) and a radioimmunoassay (RIA). These were evaluated with respect to their precision, accuracy, analytical sensitivity and sample throughput. The RIA is more sensitive than the EIA (10 microgram/L vs. 35 Ug/L. Both systems have excellent precision (X = 86 ug/L, C.V.RIA = C.V.EIA = 4.6%). Both the EIA and RIA demonstrate good accuracy with recovery of between 97-98% of added thyroxine. The FIA has an apparent sensitivity between that of the RIA and EIA (25 microgram/L), but a precision consistently lower than the other two systems (C.V. = 7.4%, X = 86 microgram/L). Patients' results by RIA compared well with those from EIA )r = 0.91, P less than 0.05), but a poor correlation was found with FIA (r = 0.865, P greater than 0.05). Although not fully automated, the EIA performed on the Abbott ABA-100 analyzer has a sample throughput equal to the automated RIA system (Micromedic, Concept 4). PMID- 7028317 TI - Monoclonal antibodies in clinical immunology. AB - Advances in clinical immunodiagnostics resulting from the application of hybridoma technology are starting to appear. Monoclonal antibodies are beginning to displace their antiquated progenitors, polyclonal antisera, in many facets of immunology. Their homogeneity, specificity, and availability make hybridoma derived antibodies the immunological reagents of the future in immunoassays, immuno-affinity chromatography, immunotherapy, and areas yet to be defined. PMID- 7028318 TI - 16 Alpha-[125I]-beta-estradiol compared with [3H]-beta-estradiol as the tracer in estradiol receptor assays. AB - We assessed the potential usefulness of 16 alpha-[125I]-beta-estradiol in estradiol receptor assays as compared with a long-used [3H]-beta-estradiol dextran-coated charcoal method, measuring 472 consecutive human breast-cancer cytosols by both procedures. Six different preparations of 16 alpha-[125I]-beta estradiol were used. Nonspecific binding in five batches was similar and comparable to [3H]-beta-estradiol. Although the sixth batch had increased nonspecific binding, this did not affect results. Dissociation constants were virtually identical (r = 0.94). Results were concordant for 98.5% of cytosols: 161 were negative and 304 positive by both methods and seven were positive by one method, negative by the other. Four were positive with the 125I procedure and undetectable with [3H]-beta-estradiol. Three were measurable by both methods, but were above the cut-off value in one and below it in the other. We find 16 alpha [125I]-beta-estradiol to be an adequate substitute for [3H]-beta-estradiol in estradiol receptor assays. PMID- 7028319 TI - Serum iron and total iron-binding capacity as measured radiometrically. PMID- 7028320 TI - Enzyme immunohistochemistry: review of technical aspects and diagnostic applications. PMID- 7028321 TI - An immunoperoxidase technique to aid in the differential diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma. AB - The unlabeled immunoperoxidase technique and antibody to human prostatic acid phosphatase was used to study a variety of normal and neoplastic tissues. The technique was found to be a useful adjunct in the differential diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma versus transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and rectal adenocarcinoma, but was not entirely specific, as cross-reactivity with rectal carcinoid tumors was documented. This study emphasizes the importance of controlled testing of these antibodies by pathology laboratories using immunoperoxidase techniques to assure accurate surgical pathologic diagnosis. PMID- 7028322 TI - Prolonged survival of a patient with Richter's syndrome. Report of a 10-year follow-up. PMID- 7028323 TI - A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous quantitation of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin), its para-hydroxylated metabolite and their stable isotope labelled analogs. AB - A stable isotope dilution method for the quantitation by GC-MS of 5,5 diphenylhydantoin, its major metabolite (5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin), and, simultaneously, their stable isotope labelled analogs (5,5-diphenyl-2-(13)C 1,3-(15)N2-hydantoin and 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-2-(13)C-1,3-(15)N2 hydantoin) is discussed and evaluated. 5,5-di-(pentadeuterophenyl)hydantoin and 5 (4-hydroxy-3,5-dideuterophenyl)-5-phenyl-2-(13)C-1,3(15)N2-hydantoin are used as internal standards. The chemical work-up procedure of serum (1.0 ml) and urine (0.5 ml) involves acid hydrolysis, extraction at pH 7.4 and permethylation of drug and metabolite analogs by extractive methylation. The mass spectrometric technique consists of repetitive scanning over the molecular ion region of the permethylated derivatives of the phenytoin and para-hydroxy metabolite analogs as they elute from the gas chromatograph. Molecular ion abundances are measured. Reproducibility, selectivity and linearity of the method are discussed in the light of the planned applications. PMID- 7028324 TI - A rapid and simple radiometric assay for thymidine phosphorylase of human peripheral blood cells. AB - A radiometric method is described for measuring thymidine phosphorylase activity in human peripheral blood cells. The substrates [14C]thymidine or [14C]thymine are converted to the base or deoxynucleoside, respectively, and two alternative chromatographic methods to isolate the products of the reaction have been employed. With the described methods the specific activity for thymidine phosphorylase in human lymphocytes is 0.21 +/- 0.08; monocytes 0.21 +/- 0.16 and granulocytes 0.17 +/- 0.02 mu mol.h-1.mg-1 protein. For human T- or null lymphoblasts, thymidine phosphorylase activity was found to be approximately 10% of that of B lymphoblasts. PMID- 7028325 TI - [Recent progress and present status of adrenal surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028326 TI - [Measurement of plasma renin activity using Phadebas angiotensin I test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028327 TI - The hydrolethalus syndrome: delineation of a "new", lethal malformation syndrome based on 28 patients. AB - We describe a lethal malformation syndrome in 28 newborn infants from 18 families. The main manifestations were hydrocephalus (often with an unusual structure of the brain and the occipital bone), very small mandible, polydactyly, congenital heart defect, abnormalities of the respiratory organs, and (different from the Meckel syndrome) normal kidneys. Polyhydramnios and stillbirth or neonatal death were the rule. Autosomal recessive inheritance is evident. This syndrome is another in the group of rare recessive disorders which are found in Finland. Because of the 25% recurrence risk and possibilities for prenatal diagnosis, this syndrome should be recognized by paediatricians and, because of the frequent stillbirths, also by obstetricians and pathologists. The name hydrolethalus syndrome (hydramnios, hydrocephalus, lethality) may be of help in this. PMID- 7028328 TI - An experimental geneticist looks at catecholamine metabolism. AB - The contributions of genetic variation, including that at unstable and duplicated loci, interactions between alleles at different loci and genotype-environment interaction to observable phenotypic variation in experimental animals are discussed with particular reference to catecholamine metabolism. The possibilities and complexities involved in extrapolating to human populations, and to behavioural consequences of biochemical variation, are outlined. PMID- 7028329 TI - A method for identification of dermatophyte antigens in situ by an immunoperoxidase technique in light and electron microscopy. PMID- 7028330 TI - Allergy and atopic eczema II. PMID- 7028331 TI - Spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen-induced plaque-forming cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7028332 TI - Prostaglandin E1 inhibits T-cell proliferation and renal disease in MRL/1 mice. PMID- 7028333 TI - Identification of cytoskeletal intermediate filaments of vascular endothelial cells as targets for autoantibodies in patient sera. PMID- 7028334 TI - Immediate hemodynamic response to SQ 14225 (Captopril) in hypertensive and normotensive hemodialysis patients. AB - The acute effects of 50 mg of SQ 14225 (Captopril) on arterial pressure, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance (TPR) and plasma renin activity (PRA) were studied in 14 chronic hemodialysis patients, six of whom were hypertensive. Before treatment, TPR index (TPRI) correlated significantly with mean arterial pressure (MAP) (r = 0.806, P less than 0.01). After Captopril, the reduction of MAP was 10% or more in hypertensive and normotensive subjects at 30 and 120 min. The percentage change in MAP correlated significantly with that in TPRI in all the patients at 30 (r = 0.872, P less than 0.01) and 120 min (r = 0.866, P less than 0.01). There was no correlation between either the changes in cardiac index or the basal values of PRA and the decrease in MAP. The result suggests that vasodilatation was primarily responsible for the fall in blood pressure in chronic hemodialysis patients. PMID- 7028335 TI - A four-year follow-up of schoolgirls with untreated covert bacteriuria: bacteriological aspects. AB - In 75 schoolgirls aged 5-11 with untreated covert coliform bacteriuria who were followed up to 4 years, infection cleared in 16 (21%), cleared and recurred in 37 (50%) and persisted in 22 (29%). Clearance of bacteriuria was significantly (P less than .05) more frequent in girls with normal radiological findings than in those with abnormal findings. In 31 (59%) of the 53 girls in whom bacteriuria cleared spontaneously, the urine became sterile within the first year after the discovery of the bacteriuria. Spontaneous clearance of bacteriuria was preceded by an increase of the sensitivity of the urinary pathogens to the cidal effect of human serum. Seven (10%) of the 75 untreated bacteriuric girls had shown progression of kidney damage (progression of scarring in 4 and failure of kidney growth in 3). In all of these 7 girls vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) was present and bacteriuria was persistent, but in 6 of them from one to three changes in the serotype of Esch. coli or bacterial species were noted during follow-up. These observations suggest that changes in bacterial flora may be a risk factor in the progression of kidney damage in girls with urinary tract infection and VUR. PMID- 7028336 TI - Wegener's granulomatosis with severe renal failure: clinical course and results of dialysis and transplantation. AB - Nine patients with Wegener's granulomatosis have developed chronic renal failure and undergone chronic hemodialysis and transplantation. These patients are all young (less than 43 years); all except one are male. They present with acute renal failure that resolves with hemodialysis and immunosuppression, but then slowly develop chronic renal failure in spite of adequate immunosuppression. On chronic dialysis no manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis occur despite low or no immunosuppression in most of them. After transplantation the usual post transplant immunosuppression regimen (azathioprine and prednisone) not only prevents rejection, but also controls the disease. In only one patient has it been necessary to change from azathioprine to cyclophosphamide because of recurrence. PMID- 7028337 TI - Hemolytic uremic syndrome with hypocomplementemia and deposits of IgM and C3 in the involved renal tissue. PMID- 7028338 TI - Fulminating anti-A autoimmune hemolysis with anuria in a renal transplant recipient: a therapeutic role of plasma exchange. AB - In this communication we present a case of fulminating anti-A autoimmune hemolysis with anuria occurring during the postoperative course after a successful renal transplantation. The patient was treated with repeated plasma exchange in an effort to remove antibodies directed against the red cells and also to eliminate the products of hemolysis known to cause acute renal failure. Subsequently the hemolysis receded and the patient regained graft function. Repeated plasma exchange, in addition to immunosuppression, appeared to have contributed to the ultimate recovery of the patient. PMID- 7028339 TI - Red blood cell volume in preterm neonates. AB - In the high-risk neonate, the direct determination of the red cell volume by radionuclide dilution technique appears to be the singularly definitive method of defining treatment efficacy, and is thus a useful evaluation and management tool for the pediatrician. For effective patient management, the red blood cell(RBC) volume of 69 preterm and term neonates was determined. The method utilized, Tc 99m-labeled RBCs, provided a fast and accurate answer with a large reduction in the absorbed radiation dose. In the population studied within a high-risk newborn ICU, the mean RBC volumes between the preterm and term neonates were without significant difference. Grouping and analysis of the RBC volume data with respect to birth weight, gestational ages, and 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores revealed on statistical difference. The mean value found in our population, 32.2 +/- 9.2 ml/kg, however, does differ from those previously reported in which the determinations were made using an indirect estimation from the plasma compartment. PMID- 7028340 TI - Diffuse extravasation of urine after renal transplant. PMID- 7028341 TI - Scintigraphic evaluation of dysphagia. PMID- 7028342 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid scanning. PMID- 7028343 TI - Nuclear medicine in gastrointestinal disease: new procedures. PMID- 7028344 TI - The role of nuclear medicine in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and well differentiated thyroid adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7028345 TI - Adverse effects of drugs in the first trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 7028346 TI - Drugs and breast feeding. PMID- 7028347 TI - Prophylaxis and treatment of anaemia during pregnancy. PMID- 7028348 TI - Prescribing in pregnancy. Bacterial infections. PMID- 7028349 TI - Prescribing in pregnancy. Infestations. PMID- 7028350 TI - Prescribing in pregnancy. Diabetes. PMID- 7028351 TI - Sex hormones in pregnancy. PMID- 7028352 TI - Prescribing in pregnancy. Immunization. PMID- 7028353 TI - Prescribing in pregnancy. Hypertension and renal disease. PMID- 7028354 TI - The Mongolian spot: a study of ethnic differences and a literature review. AB - Four hundred thirty-seven consecutively born full-term neonates, delivered at Jackson Memorial Hospital, were examined for the presence of mongolian spots (MS). The spots were found in 96% of the Negro children, 46% of the Hispanic children, 9.5% of the Caucasian children, and in both of the Asian children in the series. The sacro-gluteal region was the most frequent site of pigmentation, with the shoulders next in frequency. Almost all the spots on the extremities were located on the extensor surfaces. The color was most frequently blue-green, but was also commonly greenish-blue, blue-gray, or brown. In a concurrent review of 124 newborn records, MS was not described by house officers in any, although the probability of its occurrence would have been approximately 90 cases, based on the results of the study. A comprehensive review of the history of the description of MS and theories of its development, as well as a review of the clinical aspects, is presented. PMID- 7028355 TI - Eosinophilic cystitis. AB - Eosinophilic cystitis is an uncommon inflammatory disease of the urinary bladder characterized by irritative urinary symptoms and eosinophilia of the involved tissue and often of the peripheral blood. Parasitic bladder infiltration has been suggested as the etiologic agent, but review of the literature revealed only one case in which this was proven. A 3.5-year-old boy with eosinophilic cystitis was extensively investigated, but there was no evidence of parasitism. Several immunologic reactions may cause eosinophilia in both tissues and peripheral blood, but no specific allergen could be found in this patient. PMID- 7028356 TI - Long-term hemodynamic and metabolic effects of trimazosin in essential hypertension. AB - The long-term effects of trimazosin (TMZ) were studied in 26 male patients with mild essential hypertension. After a 2 wk single-blind placebo (P) period, 13 patients were randomly selected to receive TMZ and 13 P; they were followed for an additional 8 wk. TMZ was given in incremental doses of 25 to 50, 100 to 200, and finally 300 mg three times a day. The patients were seen at the clinic every 2 wk and their arterial pressures (AP) and heart rates (HRs) were measured in the supine (5 min) and upright (2 min) position. Blood chemistries, blood count, plasma volume (PV), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA), and cardiac output (CO) were determined by ultrasound at the end of P and TMZ periods. TMZ decreased the AP and total peripheral resistance (TPR) at the higher dosages, but had no effect on PV, PRA, PA, CO, HR, or blood chemistry determinations. No effects were observed on any of the above parameters after P. We conclude that (1) TMZ is an effective and safe antihypertensive, (2) it lowers AP through reduction of TPR, and (3) its effect is dose related. PMID- 7028357 TI - The scalping forehead flap revisited. PMID- 7028358 TI - Reconstructive surgery of the nose. PMID- 7028359 TI - Microvascular reconstruction of the nose. PMID- 7028360 TI - A new method for total reconstruction of the nose: the ears as donor areas. AB - The concha of the ear appears to be the best donor site for total nasal reconstruction, no matter what the cause of the loss of the nose. The advantages of the technique are as follows: (1) The skin is of the same color, texture, and thickness as that of a normal nose. (2) The osteocartilaginous framework is automatically provided by the conchal cartilage and a bony strut when required. (3) The lining is also an integral part of the flaps and does not require another source. (4) The nostrils are of good size and the patient breathes normally. (5) The ears from which the concha has been removed keep their normal shape, size, and appearance, and are only slightly flatter than normal. Replacement of the concha by a skin graft does not change its cosmetic appearance. PMID- 7028361 TI - Reconstructive surgery for nasal defects. PMID- 7028362 TI - Reconstruction of lateral nasal defects. AB - In planning reconstruction of a lateral nasal soft tissue defect, the surgeon should be aware of alternative methods and select the one most appropriate for the patient. Variables to be considered include the extent, depth, and location of the defect, the age, sex, and tissue laxity of the patient, and the availability of donor tissue. Surface defects are often best corrected with full thickness skin grafts: upper eyelid, preauricular, postauricular, or supraclavicular, depending on which portion of the nose is being treated. Anterior superior helix composite grafts serve quite nicely to restore full thickness alar losses, and other such defects are better reconstructed with a nasolabial flap. The midline forehead flap is quite useful but in certain situations has drawbacks. For larger skin and soft tissue defects, a transverse forehead flap based on the superficial temporal vessel provides appropriate reconstruction. PMID- 7028363 TI - Reconstruction of the nose with malignant disease. PMID- 7028364 TI - Why is myocardial ischaemia so commonly subendocardial? PMID- 7028365 TI - Contribution of stenosis resistance to the rise in total peripheral resistance during experimental renal hypertension in conscious dogs. AB - 1. Mild, moderate and severe renal artery stenosis was induced by uninephrectomized conscious dogs by inflating a renal artery cuff to lower distal pressure to 60, 40 or 20 mmHg respectively. The renal artery was narrowed progressively over the next 3 days by further inflation of the cuff to relower the distal renal artery pressure to the initial values. 2. Graded progressive stenosis produced graded progressive rises in blood pressure, plasma renin activity and total renal resistance to flow over the 3 day period, following by a return to control values 24 h after deflation. 3. The rise in total renal resistance to flow was almost entirely due to the stenosis, with only small changes occurring in renal vascular resistance. 4. In moderate and severe stenosis cardiac output did not alter significantly and thus increases in blood pressure were due to increases in total peripheral resistance. In these groups the resistance to blood flow of the stenosis accounted respectively for about 36 and 26% of the rises in total peripheral resistance. Vasoconstriction of the other non-renal vascular beds accounted for the remainder of the increase in total peripheral resistance. 5. In mild stenosis the changes in both cardiac output and total peripheral resistance was variable and not statistically significant. In this group the rise in stenosis resistance was compensated by vasodilatation of the non-renal vascular beds. 6. In all groups rises in plasma renin activity and blood pressure correlated with the haemodynamic severity of the stenosis. 7. Thus the resistance to blood flow of the moderate and severe renal artery stenoses accounted for one-quarter to one-third of the increases in total peripheral resistance. The remainder of the increase in total peripheral resistance was due to vasoconstriction of non-renal beds. PMID- 7028366 TI - A comparison of physical characteristics of active renin isolated from aorta, plasma and kidney of the rat. PMID- 7028367 TI - Isoprenaline-induced secretion of active and inactive renin in anaesthetized rabbits and by kidney cortex slices. AB - 1. The effect of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline on the secretion of active and inactive renin was investigated in two preparations. 2. In ten urethane-anaesthetized rabbits isoprenaline, given as a renal artery infusion, had relatively minor effects on renal sodium excretion (increased) and systemic arterial blood pressure (decreased). Urine volume, potassium excretion, creatinine clearance and serum electrolytes were all unchanged. Plasma active and inactive renin both increased immediately and returned to basal values after ceasing the isoprenaline infusion. 3. No significant changes in either plasma renin activity or renal function were observed in a group of ten control animals. 4. The magnitude of the isoprenaline-induced changes in plasma active renin was similar to that in a previous study of frusemide diuresis, but the time course was quite different. Inactive renin disappeared from plasma during frusemide diuresis. 5. Renin release by rabbit kidney cortex slices was also studied. Isoprenaline, added to the incubation medium, caused a dose-related increase in active renin secretion, but inactive renin release remained unchanged. This is in marked contrast to a previous study where reducing [Na+] increased active renin and inhibited inactive renin output. 6. These data support our previous suggestion that activation of inactive renin is regulated by a sodium-sensitive intrarenal mechanism. PMID- 7028368 TI - Homocysteine in the plasma of renal transplant recipients: effects of cofactors for methionine metabolism. PMID- 7028369 TI - Substrate oxidation shortly after accidental injury in man. AB - 1. Oxidative metabolism have been studied by indirect calorimetry in 42 patients within the first 6 h after accidental injury. 2. The level of energy expenditure bore no relationship to the severity of the injury and varied more widely from patient to patient than in normal subjects. 3. After minor and moderate injuries the respiratory exchange ratio (mean 0 . 86) was not different from that in normal subjects on a mixed diet. After severe injuries the ratio (mean 0 . 78) was significantly lower (P less than 0 . 005), indicating that the main substrate for oxidation in these patients was fat, despite their hyperglycaemia. PMID- 7028370 TI - Transmission and pathogenesis of tuberculosis. PMID- 7028371 TI - Epidemiology of tuberculosis and the role of BCG. PMID- 7028372 TI - Chemoprophylaxis against tuberculosis. PMID- 7028373 TI - Extrapulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 7028374 TI - Public health aspects of tuberculosis: supervision of therapy. AB - The public health objectives of tuberculosis control are to interrupt and to prevent transmission of tubercle bacilli and therapy ultimately eradicate tuberculosis. The methods used in tuberculosis control are "surveillance" and "containment." 56 Surveillance includes a variety of case-finding efforts, maintenance of tuberculosis registers, and the continued collection of epidemiologic data on frequency of disease and distribution through the community. Containment impose a responsibility on the professional to insure adequate and complete treatment for those individuals capable of spreading disease and preventive treatment for those individuals at high risk of developing contagious disease. Because modern treatment is curative and its administration so easily assured, there is no further need for prolonged follow-up of patients after chemotherapy has been completed. PMID- 7028375 TI - Problems of tuberculosis in developing countries. PMID- 7028376 TI - "Atypical" mycobacterioses. AB - Infections due to atypical mycobacteria appear to be growing in importance. In part, this may be due to enhanced recognition as tuberculosis recedes and laboratory identification improves. In a larger part, however, it is due to real increase in the incidence of infections and disease and to our appreciation of a wide spectrum of manifestations of common problems as in pulmonary disease due to MAIS, as well as newer diseases in unexpected places such as infected prostheses due to M. fortuitum complex. These organisms generally conform to a role as opportunists. The average case occurs when some type of host compromise is present and the disease course is chronic and indolent. However, otherwise healthy host can be affected and severe and progressive diseases also do occur. These mycobacteria are all more resistant to antituberculosis chemotherapy than is M. tuberculosis. Effective therapy has been found for some, especially M. kansaii. For most others, more predictable, effective, and safe therapy is greatly needed. PMID- 7028377 TI - Pulmonary problems encountered by the infant of the drug-dependent mother. PMID- 7028378 TI - The sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 7028379 TI - Pulmonary manifestations of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A report of eight cases and review. AB - Pleuropulmonary disease was seen in 4 per cent of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Roentgenographic abnormalities seen in association with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis include: transient pneumonitis, interstitial reticular and nodular infiltrates, pleural and pericardial effusions, and patchy pleural infiltrates. Pathologic abnormalities seen in association with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis include pulmonary hemosiderosis, lymphoid follicular bronchiolitis, and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis. Patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and pleural disease recover fully. In children with parenchymal disease, residual abnormalities include roentgenographic evidence of interstitial fibrosis and minimal abnormalities of pulmonary function. PMID- 7028380 TI - Antibiotics in pediatric respiratory diseases. PMID- 7028381 TI - Cystic fibrosis: overview and pulmonary aspects in young adults. PMID- 7028382 TI - Cystic fibrosis: current trends in research. PMID- 7028383 TI - Epidemiological recognition of occupational pulmonary diseases. PMID- 7028384 TI - Prevention and control of occupational lung disease. AB - Prevention is the ultimate purpose of efforts to identify and understand occupational lung diseases. A major challenge for this decade will be the effective implementation of preventive programs which allow utilization of the developing information base on incidence and pathogenesis. Much of the basic methodology for prevention has yet to be developed, and many basic social and philosophic decisions will be forthcoming. It is clear that prevention of occupational lung disease will require a cooperative effort among pulmonary physicians, occupational physicians, epidemiologists, industrial hygienists, basic researchers, toxicologists, government regulators and members of many other disciplines. PMID- 7028385 TI - Cell injury and repair. AB - Occupational lung disease results from a remarkably complex interaction of the inhaled material with the lung parenchyma and the worker's immune and inflammatory mechanism, (Fig 1). The past decade has seen a marked increase in our understanding of individual events involved in the pathogenesis of occupational lung disease, and has seen increased appreciation of the prominent role of lung inflammation in the production of lung disease following inhalation of a potentially injurious agent. Further work with isolated cells and tissue in culture and with experimental animal models will be required to assess the contribution of individual pathogenetic events to the total disease picture, and to better understand the ability of the lung parenchyma to repair itself following injury. PMID- 7028386 TI - Mechanisms of pollutant-induced airways toxicity. AB - The paper has focused on interactions of inhaled agents with airway surfaces. The respiratory mucosa is directly exposed to relatively high concentrations of inhaled substances and pollutant-related increases in incidence of infections and bronchospasm may reflect dysfunction of this barrier. Although the description of the mechanisms of toxicity to this surface are preliminary, it is clear that the challenge for the future will be to identify such toxic mechanisms. Too many environmental compounds are of concern and too many protocols are required to thoroughly study the toxicology and human health effects of individual compounds. An understanding of mechanisms is needed to categorize these compounds toxicologically to predict interactions between compounds in their effects on airways, and perhaps, to deal with the genetic variability of response demonstrated by individual subjects. A challenging need in future research will be to utilize observations on mechanisms made in animal models and in vitro to design well-focused experiments with human subjects. PMID- 7028387 TI - Environmental lung disease and the interstitium. PMID- 7028388 TI - Genome fusion. PMID- 7028389 TI - Kinetics and topology of homologous pairing promoted by Escherichia coli recA gene protein. PMID- 7028390 TI - [Conclusion of the translation of the "Life of Florence Nightingale"]. PMID- 7028391 TI - The use of thrombolytic therapy in venous thromboembolic disease. PMID- 7028392 TI - Donation of bodies or organs for transplantation and medical science. PMID- 7028393 TI - Low dose injectable contraceptive norethisterone enanthate 200 mg monthly clinical trials. PMID- 7028394 TI - Primary aldosteronism -- screening, diagnosis and therapy. AB - Criteria for the screening, diagnosis and therapy of primary aldosteronism (PA) were defined on the basis of its symptoms analysis in 40 PA patients. A diagnosis of PA was proved in 4.12% of 970 patients admitted for arterial hypertension. The presence of polyuria, nocturia, neuromuscular disorders, hypertension, hypopotassaemia, alkalosis, elevated urinary potassium excretion, improving after Spironolactone, was most valuable for the purposes of screening. High plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and suppressed renin activity (PRA) provided evidence of the presence of PA. The most successful technique to differentiate aldosterone producing adenoma (APA) from idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) proved to be adrenal phlebography combined with determination of PAC in the adrenal veins. APA was associated with a 5.9 fold higher PAC in the vein of the adenoma - affected adrenal in contrast with a symmetric PAC rise in both adrenal veins in IHA. A paradoxical decrease of PAC occurred in the peripheral blood of most patients with APA after standing up, but 23.8% exhibited the same orthostatic increase as IHA patients. In all APA patients, unilateral adrenalectomy eliminated the symptoms of hyperaldosteronism and improved or cured hypertension. Spironolactone was indicated preoperatively for all surgical candidates, for non-operated APA patients, and for all IHA patients. PMID- 7028395 TI - Continuous mechanical ventilation-Part I. PMID- 7028396 TI - The renal transplant patient. PMID- 7028397 TI - Inspiration: expiration ratio. Is mean airway pressure the difference? AB - Mechanical ventilation with different ratios of inspiratory to expiratory times (I:E ratio) and levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were applied to 9 dogs after the aspiration of fresh water and then were compared. The dogs were ventilated with an I:E ratio of 2:1 with 0 PEEP; an I:E ratio of 2:1 with 5 torr PEEP; and an I:E ratio of 1:2 with 5 torr PEEP. Peak airway pressures were regulated to maintain a mean airway pressure of 13 mm Hg. Arterial oxygenation was better with an I:E ratio of 1:2 with PEEP than with an I:E ratio of 2:1 either with or without PEEP (60 +/- 15 torr as compared with 42 +/- 11 torr and 43 +/- 10 torr). Cardiac index was depressed with all ventilatory modes, but oxygen delivery did not significantly differ among all the modes of ventilation. A ratio of prolonged I:E was not seen to benefit blood gas tension. PMID- 7028398 TI - The systems approach to diagnostic microbiology. AB - "Classical" and "conventional" methods for microbial identification are still utilized in clinical microbiology laboratories; however, significant advances in methodology have taken place in the last two decades. In the transition from classical to contemporary methodologies, the reference point has changed from multistep procedures to unitary procedures with marked emphasis on standardization, speed, reproducibility, and most recently, mechanization and automation. The most evident expression of this transition is the adaptation or streamlining of classical methods in the form of "miniaturized identification systems" and their commercial availability. This review analyzes the development of the underlining principles that make the systems approach to diagnostic microbiology possible. PMID- 7028399 TI - Collagens and non collagenous proteins in the human eye. I. Corneal stroma in vivo and keratocyte production in vitro. AB - Human corneal stroma in situ and keratocyte activity in vitro were studied by the indirect immunofluorescent technique using highly purified antibodies to the various types of collagens, fibronectin and laminin. Studying the localization of the various collagens in situ, it was observed that only type I collagen is present in the human corneal stroma. No positive immunofluorescence is obtained for type II or type III collagen. With type IV collagen, a bright immunofluorescence is observed at the level of Bowman's and Descemet's membranes. However, in vitro, the keratocyte cultures demonstrated the production of both type I and III collagens. No evidence for the production of type II or IV collagens was observed. Along with the collagens, human keratocytes in vitro also produced fibronectin. As for the non collagenous components of basement membrane (laminin), although a positive immunofluorescence was obtained the involvement of other cell-membrane glycoproteins in this reaction is not excluded. The possibility that a deregulation of type III collagen synthesis in vivo might be occurring also during certain pathologies and in corneal wound healing is postulated. PMID- 7028400 TI - Localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and neurotensin immunoreactivities in the avian retina. AB - The distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)- and neurotensin (NT) like immunoreactivities in the chicken retina was investigated by immunohistochemistry. VIP- and NT-positive cells were found throughout the chicken retina. The majority of them were located in the proximal portion of the inner nuclear layer and the processes from these cells directed to the inner plexiform layer where they ramified, suggesting that VIP- and NT-positive cells located in this region probably are amacrine cells. PMID- 7028401 TI - Epikeratophakia: the surgical correction of aphakia. I. Lathing of corneal tissue. AB - Epikeratophakia is a newly developed form of refractive corneal surgery for the correction of hyperopia. In this procedure, a piece of donor corneal tissue is lathed to a specific dioptric power. The epithelial cells are removed from the recipient cornea, and the donor tissue is sutured to the front of the eye. The resulting change in corneal curvature provides the visual correction, as, for instance, in the correction of aphakia. We describe here the computational analysis used to lathe human donor corneal tissue for use as epikeratophakia grafts. With these equations, the precision of the observed thickness of the lathed lenticule was +/- 0.05 mm and the precision of the observed diameter was +/- 0.25 mm. We found that, in a graft of a given diameter, the smaller the optical zone, the greater the maximal dioptric power of the graft, limited only by the central thickness of the donor cornea and the mechanical limitations of the cryolathe. In our case, the highest theoretical correction obtainable was 37 diopters. PMID- 7028402 TI - Epikeratophakia: the surgical correction of aphakia. II. Preliminary results in a non-human primate model. AB - We have developed a new form of refractive surgery, epikeratophakia, in which a disc of donor corneal tissue is lathed to a specific dioptric power and sutured on top of the recipient's cornea after the recipient epithelium has been removed. The optical correction obtained with epikeratophakia should be similar in quality to that of a contact lens, but would be permanent and would require no maintenance. A non-human primate model was used to test the predictability, stability, and clarity of epikeratophakia grafts. After surgery, the grafts did not always re-epithelialize readily; this problem has been solved with the use of a small, steep, soft bandage contact lens. For the nine month period of this study, the epikeratophakia grafts have remained clear and the curvatures of the anterior surfaces have remained constant. However, the actual visual potential of these grafts can be evaluated only by a controlled clinical study in humans. PMID- 7028403 TI - A new morphologic manifestation of Langerhans cells in guinea pig corneal transplants. AB - Langerhans cells are virtually never seen in the normal undisturbed corneal epithelium. They may be stimulated to migrate into the corneal epithelium by a variety of chemical and mechanical stimulation, including penetrating keratoplasty. We have found a previously undescribed morphologic manifestation of the Langerhans cell in guinea pig eyes undergoing corneal transplantation. These cells are found around the graft, and in high concentration around sutures. They may be a motile form of the typical Langerhans cell or a specialized form which captures or distributes antigen. PMID- 7028404 TI - The hepatitis spectrum. PMID- 7028405 TI - Surgery of the pituitary gland. PMID- 7028406 TI - Porphyria cutanea tarda as a cause of bullous dermatosis of hemodialysis. A case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7028407 TI - Relapsing polychondritis. PMID- 7028408 TI - Toxic epidermal necrolysis and mixed histiolymphocytic lymphoma. PMID- 7028409 TI - Dermatitis herpetiformis. Its relationship to gastrointestinal disease. PMID- 7028410 TI - Studies on the phagocytic activity of human and rat polymorphonuclear cells exposed to doxycycline in vivo. AB - Studies are presented on the in vitro phagocytic activity of rat and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes exposed in vivo to therapeutic concentrations of doxycycline. A 32P-labelled strain of Escherichia coli served as test microbe. No significant reduction of ingestion was observed although untreated AB leukocytes tested together with serum containing doxycycline showed a nonsignificant reduction in ingestive capability (p = 0.1). A similar pattern was observed when rat polymorphonuclear cells were tested omitting serum during the ingestion phase. In the presence of serum no effects were observed. During the elimination phase (3 h) both rat and human PMN eliminated breakdown products more extensively than controls, the effect observed on human PMN being most pronounced by the use of serum containing doxycycline. PMID- 7028411 TI - Cefuroxime and ampicillin compared in a double-blind study in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. AB - Cefuroxime and ampicillin were compared in a randomized double-blind trial in the treatment of severe lower respiratory tract infections. 750 mg of cefuroxime were given to 57 patients and 500 mg of ampicillin to 54 patients by intramuscular injection three times daily for 7-10 days. The patients had acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis with or without pneumonia, a few had bronchiectasis and an underlying bronchial carcinoma was present in nearly a quarter. By the end of treatment the sputum, initially always mucopurulent, had become mucoid in 87.7% of patients receiving cefuroxime in comparison to 48.1% of those receiving ampicillin. A satisfactory clinical response was observed in 94.7 and 68.5%, respectively. Both these differences between cefuroxime and ampicillin are statistically significant (p less than 0.001). PMID- 7028412 TI - A double-blind comparison of two different treatments for acute enteritis in adults. PMID- 7028413 TI - [Anatomical resection of bone cysts in children with simultaneous filling of the defect with fibular autotransplant]. PMID- 7028414 TI - [Wound healing of tracheal anastomoses]. AB - In an experimental study on 54 dogs wound healing of tracheal anastomosis under low tension was compared to tracheal anastomosis under higher tension. It was shown that after unproblematic wound healing a higher tension over the anastomosis led to an increased tensile strength in shorter time. Histologically it correlated to an increased and better alignment of collagen fibers in the direction of the tension. This effect became even more significant using resorbable suture material which proved to have better tissue compatibility. PMID- 7028415 TI - [Left sided ventricular rupture with pericardial-diaphragm injury]. PMID- 7028416 TI - [Calculi of the kidney and draining urinary tracts with special reference to organ saving kidney surgery]. PMID- 7028417 TI - [Antibiotic prophylaxis in colorectal surgery: is there a drug of choice?]. AB - It is possible to reduce the rate of septic complications following colorectal operations by a prophylactic antibiotic regimen. After the evaluation of 67 controlled clinical trials a combination of antibiotics disintegrating aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was recognized as an effective antibiotic prophylaxis. Clinically proved combinations are neomycin/metronidazole and neomycin/bacitracin. PMID- 7028418 TI - Studies of mammalian chromosome replication. II. Evidence for the existence of defined chromosome replicating units. AB - Sister chromatids of metaphase chromosomes can be differentially stained if the cells have replicated their DNA semiconservatively for two cell cycles in a medium containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). When prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC) are induced in cells during the second S phase after BrdU is added to the medium, the replicated chromosome segments show sister chromatid differential (SCD) staining. Employing this PCC-SCD system on synchronous and asynchronous Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, we have demonstrated that the replication patterns of the CHO cells can be categorized into G1/S, early, early mid, mid-late, and late S phase patterns according to the amount of replicated chromosomes. During the first 4 h of the S phase, the replication patterns show SCD staining in chains of small chromosome segments. The amount of replicated chromosomes increase during the mid-late and late S categories (last 4 h). Significantly, small SCD segments are also present during these later intervals of the S phase. Measurements of these replicated segments indicate the presence of characteristic chromosome fragment sizes between 0.2 to 1.2 micrometers in all S phase cells except those at G1/S which contain no SCD fragments. These small segments are operationally defined as chromosome replicating units of chromosomal replicons. They are interpreted to be composed of clusters of molecular DNA replicons. The larger SCD segments in the late S cells may arise by the joining of adjacent chromosomal replicons. Further application of this PCC-SCD method to study the chromosome replication process of two other rodents, Peromyscus eremicus and Microtus agrestis, with peculiar chromosomal locations of heterochromatin has demonstrated an ordered sequence of chromosome replication. The euchromatin and heterochromatin of the two species undergo two separate sequences of decondensation, replication, and condensation during the early-mid and mid-late intervals respectively of the S phase. Similar-sized chromosomal replicons are present in both types of chromatin. These data suggest that mammalian chromosomes are replicated in groups of replicating units, or chromosomal replicons, along their lengths. The organization and structure of these chromosomal replicons with respect to those of the interphase nucleus and metaphase chromosomes are discussed. PMID- 7028419 TI - [Goodpasture's syndrome (pulmonary haemorrhage with glomerulonephritis)--report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028420 TI - In vitro responses of sympathetic neurons to nerve growth factor and other macromolecular agents. AB - Cells in the dissociated state from the sympathetic ganglia (SG) of 11-day-old chick embryos, and monolayer cultures of these cells are used to illustrate some of th extrinsic influences that regulate neuronal performance. In culture, the survival of SG neurons can be measured, as an assay for survival-promoting agents. Among the requirements of the SG discussed are: (1) nerve growth factor and other trophic factors that can replace it, (2) serum, and a defined mixture (N1) that can substitute for it, and (3) a minimal presence of non-neuronal cells. Also reviewed are factors that confer neurite-promoting competence on certain culture substrata. Suspensions of SG cells permit analysis of "short latency" events triggered within minutes of the presentation of nerve growth factors and provide an insight into its possible mode of action. The most striking such event is its control over Na+/K+ pumps, since ionic control is a fundamental feature of living cells and may well mediate their regulation by trophic factors, hormones or mitogens. PMID- 7028421 TI - [Late results of auto-skin-grafting in treatment of deep burns of hand (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028422 TI - [Regional anatomy of internal iliac artery and its application in renal transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028423 TI - [Pedicle graft of omentum or pre-peritoneal fat in repair of vesico-vaginal fistula (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028424 TI - Genetic factors in South Africa blacks which predispose to essential hypertension. PMID- 7028425 TI - Simultaneous quantitation of Hoechst 33342 and immunofluorescence on viable cells using a fluorescence activated cell sorter. AB - The cytochemical stain Hoechst 33342 has been used to quantify DNA in viable cells and has been used under nonsaturating conditions to discriminate between lymphoid cell types. In order to correlate the quantitative emission from Hoechst 33342 with cell surface antigens, a fluorescence activated cell sorter was modified to simultaneously detect emission from the UV excited Hoechst dye and fluorescein attached to the cell surface by immunofluorescence techniques. A special set of laser mirrors was installed in an argon ion laser so that all the lines from 351-488 nm could be used to illuminate the cells. Appropriate emission filters were used to separate the light emitted by Hoechst 33342 from the fluorescein. An electronic cross-over circuit was used to compensate for special overlap between the two dyes. Analysis of murine lymph node cells stained both with Hoechst 33342 under nonsaturating conditions and anti-Thy 1.2 indicated that the cells that stained dimly with the Hoechst dye expressed the Thy 1.2 marker while the cells that were brightly stained with Hoechst 33342 lacked this differentiation antigen. The correlation of cell surface myeloma protein with cell cycle on an in vitro cell line indicated that the heterogeneity of cell surface antigen expression could not be accounted for solely by variations occurring during the cell cycle. PMID- 7028426 TI - DNA measurements of chromosomes 9 and 22 of six patients with t(9;22) and chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - More than 90% of the cases of chronic myeloid leukemia are characterized by the presence of a so-called Philadelphia chromosome. This Philadelphia chromosome has been shown to be a product of a translocation between chromosomes 9 an 22 in the majority of cases. It is present in the bone marrow and unstimulated blood cultures. Visual examination of this chromosome gave the impression that small differences in length might exist between patients. Therefore, DNA measurements were undertaken on six patients with t(9;22) and chronic myeloid leukemia. Metaphases obtained from unstimulated peripheral blood cultures were Q-banded for photography and identification of chromosomes 9 and 22. Feulgen staining was performed, and the preidentified cells were photographed again. Cytophotometry of the photographic negatives was done using a Hidacsys-Arrayscan computer program. Relative DNA contents were calculated for the normal chromosomes 9 and 22 and both chromosomes involved in the translocation. Between 7 and 17 cells were measured per patient. The results indicated that no differences existed between the patients regarding the amount of material translocated from chromosome 22 to 9. In all patients from the sum of the DNA contents of the normal chromosomes 9 and 22 was less than that of the translocation chromosomes. Possible explanations for this observation are discussed. PMID- 7028427 TI - Fecal fistula: a late complication of Marlex mesh repair. AB - Marlex mesh is an excellent prosthetic material for closure of major abdominal defects. Most of its complications are seroma and infections. We have used Marlex mesh intraperitoneally for closure of burst abdomen in a patient who had a gastrectomy for recurrent duodenal ulcer. A year and a half later, this patient developed a fecal fistula to the skin due to incorporation of the Marlex mesh into the splenic flexure of the COLON. The patient underwent a second operation during which the fistula was resected and the Marlex removed. We concluded that intraperitoneal placement of Marlex mesh is not recommended. PMID- 7028428 TI - Spontaneous appendicocutaneous fistula: report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 7028429 TI - Esophageal hematoma. Four new cases, a review, and proposed etiology. AB - We report four cases of esophageal hematoma and emphasize that endoscopically and radiographically it may simulate a neoplasm. After a review of 26 cases, we found that patients with normal hemostasis often had esophageal hematoma occur distally after vomiting. Most of these hematomas probably originated from a Mallory-Weiss laceration. In contrast, patients with impaired hemostasis had esophageal hematoma occur proximally or at multiple sites. Many of these hematomas occurred spontaneously, without a history of vomiting, and probably resulted from impaired coagulation. Regardless of etiology most esophageal hematomas were associated with a benign course. PMID- 7028430 TI - Typhlitis. Report of a case with long-term survival and a review of the recent literature. PMID- 7028431 TI - Lymph node calcification secondary to chemotherapy for histiocytic lymphoma. AB - The fifth instance of lymph node calcification secondary to chemotherapy is reported 4 months after the onset of treatment. The recognition of the presence of such calcification is of significance because it is felt to indicate a favorable response to therapy. PMID- 7028432 TI - [Carcinosarcoma of the lung--report of a case and review of literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028433 TI - [Isolation, purification and properties of adenine DNA methylase Eco dam]. PMID- 7028434 TI - Inhibitors of Cytochrome P-450s and their mechanism of action. PMID- 7028435 TI - Oxidative metabolism of foreign compounds by higher plants. PMID- 7028436 TI - Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of the antibiotic rifampin. PMID- 7028437 TI - Metronidazole (Flagyl IV, Searle). AB - Metronidazole is a narrow spectrum antibiotic with undoubted efficacy against common anaerobic bacteria; resistance is unusual. Therapeutic concentrations of the drug are attained throughout most body compartments after either oral or intravenous administration. The limited side effects of metronidazole are generally tolerable, transient, or reversible. Clinically, metronidazole is as effective as clindamycin and probably chloramphenicol against anaerobes. It has a definite advantage over clindamycin in CNS infections since clindamycin does not penetrate the CSF well. Metronidazole has no irreversible hematologic toxicities, nor has pseudomembranous colitis been definitely attributed to intravenous use of the drug. Metronidazole may replace chloramphenicol for use in anaerobic infections since it lacks the predictable hematologic toxicity of the latter drug. It should also be useful in patients who fail to respond to clindamycin or who develop pseudomembranous colitis while receiving clindamycin. Problems with metronidazole include a complicated preparation procedure, and the high cost of the drug. The single major drawback to the use of metronidazole is uncertainty about its carcinogenic potential in humans. Metronidazole is carcinogenic in animals and mutagenic in vitro, but has not increased the incidence of cancer in humans followed for relatively short periods. Thus, the risk appears to be small. Still, the question will not be resolved for years because of the long latency periods involved in carcinogenesis. Until that time, metronidazole should be used conservatively. PMID- 7028438 TI - Comparative evaluation of the aminoglycoside antibiotics for systemic use. PMID- 7028439 TI - Comparative trial of two sulfisoxazole regimens in acute urinary tract infection. AB - Many clinicians are utilizing a 2-g loading dose of sulfisoxazole in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Although some of these clinicians understand the theoretical reasons for not utilizing such a treatment plan, they may be reluctant to depart from the official recommendations for sulfisoxazole because of the lack of supporting clinical data. The findings of this study provide support for the theoretical considerations outlined previously. Also, considering the potential disadvantages of the loading dose employment, for example, source of patient misunderstanding and complicated patient instructions data supporting the omission of a sulfisoxazole loading dose should be most welcome. In conclusion, the study results suggest that the inclusion of a 2-g loading dose of sulfisoxazole in the treatment of this sample of acute, uncomplicated urinary tract infections did not offer any therapeutic benefit. PMID- 7028440 TI - Nutrition and the elderly. AB - Increasingly, it is being recognized that the nutritional status of an elderly person is highly significant to that person's health and well-being. Nutritional status is likely to be affected by diseases and the management of those diseases. It is important that both patient and provider become more familiar with nutritional requirements and the best means of meeting those requirements. PMID- 7028441 TI - Dermatologic hazards from hidden contacts with penicillin. AB - The unbridled use of penicillin after its discovery by Fleming has resulted in possible hazards to human health due to traces of the drug being present in food and other hidden sources. These hazards may include toxic effects, hypersensitivity reactions and possibly a raising of the frequency and duration of allergy to penicillin. PMID- 7028442 TI - [Patterns of allergic skin reactions during insulin treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Intracutaneous testing was done in 85 patients with allergic reactions during insulin treatment. Six patients showed immediate reactions (type I), 76 showed allergic late reactions (type IV) and three showed combined allergy (type I/IV) to intracutaneous undiluted insulin. Whereas immediate and combined allergies were exclusively pure insulin allergies, several allergens were shown to be responsible in late reactions: nine patients had pure surfen allergy, 34 patients pure insulin allergy (against all insulins) and 11 pure bovine insulin allergy. A further 22 patients reacted to various allergens, 16 of them to surfen and all insulins, and 6 to surfen and bovine insulins. Estimation of the diameter of the erythema showed a significantly better skin tolerance of neutral than of acid insulins. Intracutaneous pig insulin led to less erythema than bovine insulin. Neutral pig insulins thus have the least antigenicity. PMID- 7028443 TI - [Therapy of noncomplicated urinary tract infections in women]. PMID- 7028444 TI - [Emission computer tomography of myocardium using the 7 pinhole collimator]. PMID- 7028445 TI - [Effects of diabetes mellitus on intermediary metabolism]. PMID- 7028446 TI - [Common problems in the management of insulin dependent diabetes]. PMID- 7028447 TI - [Diabetes and exercise]. PMID- 7028448 TI - [Patient education in the treatment of diabetes]. PMID- 7028449 TI - Indications for cutaneous ureterostomies in children. PMID- 7028450 TI - The effects of tri-o-tolyl phosphate (TOTP) on the immune system of mice. PMID- 7028451 TI - [Clinical and scanning electron microscopy examinations of oral papillomatoses]. PMID- 7028452 TI - [Teeth and the beautiful over the course of time]. PMID- 7028453 TI - [Data and facts on the development of periodontics in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 7028454 TI - [Effect of the pontic form of veneer bridges on the gingiva and marginal periodontium]. PMID- 7028455 TI - [Clinical study to assess endosseous Al203-ceramic implants by periodontal criteria]. PMID- 7028456 TI - [Tubingen implant made of Frialit: 5 years of experience]. PMID- 7028457 TI - [Clinical experience with endosseous aluminum oxide ceramic implants]. PMID- 7028458 TI - [Single tooth implants made of aluminum oxide ceramic in the beagle lateral tooth area and for anterior tooth diastemata in the adolescent patient]. PMID- 7028459 TI - [Clinical trial experience with the Tubingen implant]. PMID- 7028460 TI - Degradation of pork insulin and biosynthetic human insulin in vitro and in vivo: a comparative study. AB - The clearance and the degradation of native pork insulin and human insulin prepared by recombinant DNA techniques (biosynthetic human insulin) were compared. Following intravenous injection in rats, biosynthetic human insulin was cleaved slightly more rapidly than pork insulin. Also in vitro, monoiodinated biosynthetic human insulin was degraded slightly more rapidly than pork insulin by the enzyme insulin protease. The apparent Km for pork insulin was 4.0 x 10-8 M and for the human product was 2.7 x 10-8 M. These results thus provide evidence for the integrity of the biosynthetic product. PMID- 7028461 TI - C cell activity during the prenatal and postnatal periods in the rat. AB - The high plasma calcitonin (CT) level found in suckling newborns and baby rats led us to hypothesize that thyroid C cells might be exhausted during the postnatal period. This prompted us to evaluate the CT concentration of the thyroid C cells during the prenatal and postnatal periods in the rat as the CT content to number ratio of C cells. The CT content of the thyroid gland increased exponentially from 17.5 (0.03 ng) to 21.5 (1.72 ng) days of gestation in the rat fetus; C cells were detected by immunofluorescence and counted from 19.5 days of gestation until term. A value of 600 + 90 C cells was obtained at 19.5 days, 1557 +/- 239 at 20.5 days, and 2602 +/- 536 at 21.5 days of gestation. Plasma CT concentrations were undetectable (less than 150 pg/ml) before 20.5 days of gestation, but increased to approximately 500 microgram/ml in 20.5- and 21.5-day old fetuses. After birth, both the thyroid CT content and the number of C cells increased progressively. In 3-day-old suckling newborns, 4298 +/- 412 C cells were found; 9679 +/- 1114 were found 7 days after birth, and 12202 +/- 1280 were observed 15 days after birth; at the same stages, the CT contents of the thyroid gland were 6.54 +/- 0.18, 8.59 +/- 0.19, and 19.49 +/- 0.79 ng, respectively. Thus, the CT concentrations of the C cells (approximately 1.0 pg/cell) were roughly similar during the prenatal and postnatal periods in the rat. These results suggest the presence of active C cells during fetal life in the rat. They also indicate a capacity of C cells during the prenatal and postnatal periods to increase their secretion of CT while maintaining their hormone content, since the CT concentration of the C cell remains unaltered in spite of the high CT secretion in suckling rats. PMID- 7028462 TI - Episodic release of luteinizing hormone in male mice: antagonism by a neural refractory period. AB - A refractory period of LH secretion follows both an internally generated and a female-induced, episodic release of LH in male mice. These experiments examined the duration of the refractory period and investigated its physiological basis. Plasma LH was measured in sequential blood samples that were withdrawn from chronically cannulated male mice. The males were exposed to two successive stimuli that were presented at 10-, 25-, or 45-min intervals; the two stimuli were a female both times, LHRH both times, or LHRH first and a female second. Males that were exposed to two successive females released LH in response to the second female only if 45 min had elapsed between exposures. All males in the LHRH LHRH treatment group released LH after both injections of LHRH at all three stimulus intervals. The female stimulus evoked LH secretion in the LHRH-female treatment group at all three times after LHRH administration. In a second set of experiments, testosterone capsules that maintained the seminal vesicle weights of castrated males at well above normal levels did not block their LH responses to a female stimulus. When taken together, these results indicate that a refractory period lasting between 25 and 45 min follows episodes of LH release that are socially generated, that this refractory period has its basis in altered neural rather than pituitary activity and, finally, that this neurally based refractory period is not a result of inhibitory hormonal feedback. PMID- 7028463 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) in guinea pig hepatocytes. AB - The nature of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)-producing cells was studied in guinea pig liver by immunoperoxidase cytochemistry in light and electron microscopies. In light microscopy, CBG was detected in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes from pregnant and nonpregnant guinea pigs. The CBG-stained hepatocytes were more numerous in the peripheral regions of the lobules and around the portal space. In electron microscopy, CBG was associated with the hepatocyte rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. Patches of dense deposits were occasionally seen in the perinuclear cisternae and in cisternae identified as part of the Golgi apparatus. No deposits were seen in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum or any other cell organelles. Kupffer and bile duct cells proved to be negative to CBG. These findings demonstrate that the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the site of CBG synthesis in the guinea pig hepatocyte and confirm the hepatic origin of CBG, previously shown by biochemical methods. The distribution of CBG was also studied by light microscopy in other tissues from pregnant guinea pigs. No CBG was detected inside cells from muscle, heart, lung, kidney, ovary, uterus, or placenta. CBG was only detected in vascularized zones (glomeruli in the kidney, perifollicular capillary network and corpora lutea of the ovary, and connective tissue separating the myometrium layers of the uterus). PMID- 7028464 TI - Target organs for avian pancreatic polypeptide. AB - The problem of the physiological function of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been approached by attempting to identify target organs. Avian PP (aPP) labeled with 125I at either the C-terminus (aPP-C) or the N-terminus (aPP-N) was injected into fasted chickens and allowed to circulate for 3-120 min. At the end of the equilibration period, the anesthetized bird was perfused first with saline, then with Buoin's solution. Samples of fixed tissue from various organs were collected, weighed, and counted. Control experiments consisted of coinjection of unlabeled aPP to compete for receptors. The rate of disappearance of aPP-N from plasma was greater than that of aPP-C. Binding of aPP-N by spleen, duodenum, ileum, pancreas, and bone marrow was markedly reduced by coinjection of unlabeled aPP. A similar but less marked reduction in binding was found in liver and proventriculus. aPP-C gave less conclusive results. The maximal competitive effect of unlabeled PP could be achieved in most cases with 30 microgram unlabeled aPP. It is concluded that pancreas, duodenum, ileum, spleen, and bone marrow, and probably liver and proventriculus, are target organs for aPP in the chicken and that the C-terminal region of aPP is involved in receptor binding. PMID- 7028465 TI - Glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance in vitro: evidence for both receptor and postreceptor defects. PMID- 7028466 TI - Effect of vasopressin blockade on blood pressure regulation during hemorrhage in conscious dogs. AB - The role of vasopressin in the regulation of blood pressure during nonhypotensive hemorrhage was assessed in conscious dogs. An antagonist of the vasoconstrictor activity of vasopressin was administered (10 microgram/kg) to four normal dogs five min prior to the commencement of a 15 min arterial hemorrhage (1 ml/kg/min). The withdrawn blood was reinfused 15 min after completion of the hemorrhage. In the absence of vasopressin blockade, blood pressure and heart rate did not change significantly, while plasma renin activity increased from 3.8 +/- 0.9 to 10.8 +/- 3.1 ng/ml/3h (P less than 0.005), and plasma corticosteroid concentration increased from 1.5 +/- 0.8 to 8.6 +/- 2.0 microgram/dl (P less than 0.001). Following vasopressin blockade, the same hemorrhage decreased mean arterial pressure from 96 +/- 264 +/- 7 mmHg (P less than 0.001), increased heart rate from 71 +/- 10 to 130 +/- 23 beats/min (P less than 0.05), increased plasma renin activity from 7.1 +/- 0.8 to 30.3 +/- 6.7 ng/ml/3h (P less than 0.005) and increased plasma corticosteroid concentration from 1.9 +/- 0.7 to 11.4 +/- 1.2 microgram/dl (P less than 0.001). These data indicate that vasopressin plays an important role in blood pressure regulation during mild hemorrhage in conscious dogs. PMID- 7028467 TI - LHRH inhibits [3H]thymidine incorporation by pituitary cells cultured in vitro. AB - The effects of two synthetic neuropeptides, LHRH and neurotensin, on tritiated thymidine uptake by dispersed anterior pituitary cells were investigated. It was found that LHRH but not neurotensin (at concentrations between 10(-7) - 10(-11) M) inhibits incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of pituitary cell nuclei, in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that LHRH can regulate not only secretory activity of the gonadotrophic cells but also can be involved in the control of anterior pituitary cell replication. PMID- 7028468 TI - Insulin binding and degradation by human erythrocytes at physiological temperature. AB - When evaluated at 15 C, insulin binding to human erythrocytes is similar to that of human adipocytes fibroblasts, monocytes and placental membranes. At 37 C, however, both insulin binding and degradation by human erythrocytes have a unique character. At this temperature, by the end of the first 30 minutes, erythrocyte specific insulin binding is 3 to 4% of the total available insulin. This percentage of binding remains until the end of the first hour, then for the next four hours, increases linearly to 24%. Intact erythrocytes had negligible degradation of the free 125I-insulin but 56% of the 125I-insulin associated with the erythrocytes was degraded after five hours of incubation at 37 C. The degradation of the bound insulin was determined to be an intracellular property of erythrocytes. This degradation may be the mass action driving force responsible for the increased association of 125I-insulin observed after one hour of incubation. On the other hand, erythrocyte ghosts reached a steady state with 2% of the 125I-insulin bound after 1.5 hours of incubation at 37 C. More than 94% of the bound and free insulins were intact after 5 hours of incubation. These observations indicate, for the first time, that erythrocyte insulin degrading activity is localized inside the cells, not in their membranes, and that the human erythrocyte with its insulin receptors may be one of the important cell types in the metabolism of insulin. PMID- 7028469 TI - Transport of protein-bound hormones into tissues in vivo. PMID- 7028470 TI - Parathyroid angiography: a review of current knowledge and guidelines for clinical application. PMID- 7028471 TI - The human major histocompatibility complex and endocrine disease. PMID- 7028472 TI - Insulin metabolism and degradation. PMID- 7028473 TI - Identification of cytochrome P-450 isozymes in nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) and alveolar type II cells isolated from rabbit lung. AB - Two forms of cytochrome P-450 (P-450I and P-450II) have been shown by several techniques to be present in both nonciliated bronchiolar cells (Clara) and alveolar type II cells isolated from rabbit lung. In contrast, the alveolar macrophage contains little or none of these cytochromes. Cross-reactivity between antibodies to cytochrome P-450I or P-450II and detergent-digested microsomes prepared from 80% type II or 70% Clara cell fractions was shown by Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion. The presence of both cytochromes was also demonstrated by histochemical immunofluorescence in smears of type II cells stained by a modified Papanicolaou procedure and Clara cells stained with nitroblue tetrazolium. However, this same fluorescent antibody technique used for localization of rabbit pulmonary cytochromes P-450I and P-450II in tissue sections showed most of the immunofluorescence in the Clara cells of the bronchiolar epithelium. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of microsomes from either the type II or Clara cell fractions produced bands which corresponded to cytochrome P-450I (52,000 daltons) and cytochrome P-450II (58,000 daltons). PMID- 7028474 TI - Occurrence of methylated mercury in a terrestrial food chain. PMID- 7028475 TI - In vivo measurement of liver and kidney cadmium in workers exposed to this metal: its significance with respect to cadmium in blood and urine. PMID- 7028476 TI - Some regulatory aspects of urea synthesis. PMID- 7028477 TI - Human carbamoylphosphate synthetase I. AB - Carbamoylphosphate synthetase (ammonia) isolated from human liver has been characterized. It is composed of monomers (constituted by a single polypeptide of 160,000 +/- 5,000 Mr) that can associate into dimers, although in the native state the monomer predominates. Physical and kinetic properties and amino acid composition are very similar to those found for the rat liver enzyme. There is extensive immunological cross-reactivity between the enzymes from both species. These results are discussed in the light of a possible regulatory role of carbamoylphosphate synthetase. The implications of these findings on a number of pathological states are also discussed. PMID- 7028478 TI - Regulation of ornithine metabolism. PMID- 7028479 TI - Hormonal changes associated with long distance exercise. AB - The alteration in plasma concentration of a number of hormones was investigated following an 80 km endurance ride. A marked rise in plasma cortisol levels occurred in all 17 animals investigated. Although decreased glucose levels did not occur in all animals, insulin levels fell in all horses examined. A high correlation (r = 0.89) was found between post ride glucose and plasma insulin concentrations. The plasma levels of both noradrenaline and adrenaline were significantly elevated post ride. PMID- 7028480 TI - 5-Methylnicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide. Kinetic investigation with major and minor isoenzymes of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and structural determination of its binary complex with alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - 5-Methylnicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide and 3-cyano-5-methylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide was prepared from 5-methylthionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide by chemical conversion. The 5-methylthionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide was obtained by enzymic transglucosidation. Model compounds ascertained the structure. None of the dinucleotides methylated at C-5 was active with the major isoenzyme EE of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, but activity with 5 methylnicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide was measured with the minor isoenzymes. The binding of 5-methylnicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide to liver alcohol dehydrogenase, investigated by X-ray diffraction methods to 0.37-nm resolution, occurs with the pyridinium ring away from the active site as previously described for 3-iodopyridine-adenine and pyridine-adenine dinucleotides. A general conclusion on the use of inhibitors as tools for exploration of the active site is drawn. PMID- 7028481 TI - Enzymatic catalysis in the affinity labelling of liver alcohol dehydrogenase with haloacids. AB - In this work, the inactivation at pH 7.0 of liver alcohol dehydrogenase by iodoacetamide and a series of six haloacids has been studied, and the kinetic constants determined. Enzyme inactivation was compared with the model alkylation of a metal-thiol and a thiolate anion free in solution. The following conclusions resulted. 1. Inactivation of liver alcohol dehydrogenase by iodoacetamide is a direct thiol alkylation, while inactivation by selective alkylation of Cys-46 by the haloacids is facilitated by reversible complex formation. 2. Inactivation half-time for the haloacids ranged over 4-190 min, a difference mainly caused by dissimilar chemical reactivities rather than diverse fitting in the active site. 3. The thiol of Cys-46 is alkylated as a zinc-thiol complex. It is, as such, not especially reactive; indeed it has a nucleophilic reactivity similar to that observed with the model compound free in solution. 4. Affinity labelling of liver alcohol dehydrogenase by haloacids compared with alkylation of the similar group free in solution illustrates enzymatic catalysis by reversible complex formation. With the present series of 'substrates' a rate enhancement of up to 58 000 is seen. PMID- 7028482 TI - Partial separation and biochemical characteristics of periportal and perivenous hepatocytes from rat liver. AB - Suspensions of enzymatically prepared hepatocytes from starved rats were separated according to their buoyant density at 12 degrees C in linear, isosmotic gradients of metrizamide, centrofuged at low speed for a relatively short time. The recovery of cell protein was 86%. Hepatocytes of high viability formed a single band around 1.10 g/cm3 and were recovered as four density populations (P1 P4) form low to high density, respectively. The content of protein was significantly lower in population P1, while the content of neutral fat or the averaged cell size was similar in the various populations. The specific activity of alanine aminotransferase increased in the order P1-P4. The distribution of this enzyme within the intact liver acinus obtained by others indicate that a partial separation of periportal and perivenous hepatocytes had occurred. The activity patterns of lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) and pyruvate kinase, also with known intra acinar distributions, supported this conclusion. The hepatocytes showed signs of shrinkage after separation, but since they retained a normal ultrastructure, most enzyme activities and viability, the present technique was regarded superior to previous procedures of hepatocyte separation by density. The degree of separation was calculated from an equation (see Appendix), and the periportal/perivenous ratio for parameters measured in density populations can be obtained. The specific activity of phosphofructokinase, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase showed no differences between populations. However, the ratio high Km/low-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase increased in the order P4-P1. PMID- 7028483 TI - The function of ribosomal protein S21 in protein synthesis. AB - The function of ribosomal protein S21 in protein synthesis has been examined by (a) inactivation of S21 in situ with specific antibodies and (b) the use of 30-S subunits reconstituted in the absence of S21. The results from the two approaches are consistent, 30-S subunits treated with anti-S21 or lacking S21 are still active in the translation of poly(U) or poly(A, G, U). They are also functional in fMet-tRNA binding when directed by poly(A, G, U) or the AUG triplet. They are not active in the translation of MS2 RNA or Escherichia coli mRNA. The defect of S21-deficient 30-S ribosomes can be traced back to their inability to bind MS2 RNA at the initiation step of protein synthesis. Addition of S21 to S21-deprived subunits restores the MS2-RNA-dependent initiation complex formation. PMID- 7028484 TI - Kinetic studies of the reduction of succinic semialdehyde by rat-brain aldehyde reductase. AB - Initial rate studies have been used to investigate the kinetic mechanism followed by the purified high-Km (AR1) form of rat brain aldehyde reductase at pH 7.0. The effects of varying the aldehyde and NADPH concentrations, together with the inhibition given by the products of the reaction, are consistent with the reduction of succinic semialdehyde and p-nitrobenzaldehyde following an ordered reaction mechanism involving the formation of an intermediate ternary complex and in which NADPH is the first substrate to bind to the enzyme. Both these aldehyde substrates inhibit the enzyme at higher concentrations. This inhibition, which is uncompetitive with respect to NADPH, suggests that many previous studies on the specificity of this enzyme, that have been based on the activity determined at a single arbitrary concentration of each substrate, may have given erroneous results. PMID- 7028485 TI - The cardiovascular disease programme of WHO/EURO. A critical review of its first 12 years. PMID- 7028486 TI - Clotting and other plasma factors in experimental endotoxemia: inhibition of degradation by exogenous proteinase inhibitors. AB - Endotoxemia in dogs was induced by a slow intravenous infusion of E. coli endotoxin for 2 h. Thereby, a significant decrease was observed in the plasma levels of several clotting, fibrinolysis and complement factors. The changes were studied over an experimental period of 14 h and checked for statistical significance by three-way analysis of variance. Application of the broad-spectrum proteinase inhibitor aprotinin (Trasylol) from bovine organs clearly lowered the endotoxin-induced decline of the plasma proteins studied. By intravenous application of a specific granulocytic proteinase inhibitor (Bowman-Birk inhibitor from soybeans), the endotoxin-induced reduction of the plasma proteins was prevented in a similar manner. It can be concluded that at least some of the pathobiochemical mechanisms observed in clotting, fibrinolysis and complement systems during endotoxemia are not only caused by a severe consumption reaction but also by unspecific proteolytic degradation due to neutral granulocytic proteinases. PMID- 7028487 TI - The in vitro mammary gland response to mammotropic hormones in mice with different mammary tumorigenesis. PMID- 7028488 TI - High dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemias, malignant lymphomas and solid tumors. A study of 23 patients. PMID- 7028489 TI - Regulation of antibody synthesis in the X-irradiated Mexican axolotl. AB - The effects of X-irradiation were studied on the Mexican axolotl antibody synthesis. To reduce the anti-horse red blood cell (HRBC) antibody titers, 150 rd and smaller doses are ineffective, 200-450 rd are increasingly effective, and 700 rd are maximally effective (and lethal). A significant enhancement of the anti HRBC titers was observed in low doses (50-150 rd X-irradiated animals). This enhancement was also observed when a low X-ray dose was applied only on the thymic areas. In whole body, but thymus area-shielded, 100 rd X-irradiated animals, the anti-HRBC titers were similar to those of the nonirradiated, HRBC immunized control group. To explain these phenomena, it is suggested that a radiosensitive, adult thymectomy-sensitive and hydrocortisone-sensitive suppressor T cell subpopulation regulates the antibody synthesis in the axolotl. PMID- 7028490 TI - Differences in the cell binding affinity of a cross-reactive monoclonal anti-Ia alloantibody in mice of different H-2 haplotypes. AB - The analysis of an Ia specificity was performed in several H-2 haplotypes by evaluating the affinity of the binding to mouse spleen cells of a monoclonal anti Ia alloantibody. We used the monoclonal antibody 10-2.16 (Oi et al., Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 1978. 81: 115.) which recognizes on I-A gene products a public specificity common to several H-2 haplotypes (f, ja, k, r, s and u). One parameter of the affinity (dissociation rate constant) was determined by the kinetics of the dissociation of cellbound 125 I-labeled Fab fragments in the presence of homologous antibodies. The dissociation rate constants thus obtained were different when the antibody reacted with cells from mice bearing different haplotypes and were similar for reactions with different mouse strains bearing the same haplotype. These data strongly suggest that the Ia public determinants involved are not strictly identical in different haplotypes, and support the concept that a serological cross-reaction does not necessarily mean structural identity between public antigenic determinants. PMID- 7028491 TI - Dental arch analysis: arch form. A review of the literature. PMID- 7028492 TI - Localization of phosphoprotein C23 to nucleolar structures and to the nucleolus organizer regions. PMID- 7028493 TI - Triphenylmethylphosphonium uptake by pancreatic islet cells. PMID- 7028494 TI - Cell growth factor activity. New quantitative method in cell culture assay. PMID- 7028495 TI - Ideal and non-ideal concentration gradient propagation in chemotaxis studies. PMID- 7028496 TI - Antigenic properties of large ganglion cells isolated from ox retina. PMID- 7028497 TI - Retinal reductase activity in rats with and without inherited retinal dystrophy. PMID- 7028498 TI - Prefrontal neuron activity during delayed-response performance without imperative GO signals in the monkeys. PMID- 7028499 TI - N-nitrosospermidine: the principal nitrosation product of spermidine. PMID- 7028500 TI - Stereological analysis of thyroid follicle structure. PMID- 7028501 TI - Modification of pulsatile pattern of basal insulin secretion in the dog by general anesthesia (Nembutal). PMID- 7028502 TI - The influence of synthetic DSIP (delta-sleep-inducing-peptide) on disturbed human sleep. AB - The effects of acute intravenous administration of synthetic DSIP, 25 nmoles/kg b.wt, on disturbed human sleep were tested in 6 middle-aged chronic insomniacs. The results were: longer sleep duration and a higher quality of sleep with fewer interruptions; slightly more REM-sleep, but no day-time sedation or other side effects though the sleep enhancing capacity was seen for up to 6 h of night sleep. Sleep-promoting effects occurred only in the second hour after injection, in the first hour a slight arousing effect was indicated. The study corroborates the findings of previous investigations in healthy subjects and shows that DSIP has a normalizing influence on human sleep regulation. PMID- 7028503 TI - Synergistic effect of rabbit specific antiserum and amikacin on the treatment of mice with lethal infection due to Klebsiella pneumoniae. PMID- 7028504 TI - Resistance to ultraviolet-induced mutagenesis in Proteus. PMID- 7028505 TI - Visualization of DNA in various phages (T4, chi, T7, phi 29) by ethidium bromide epi-fluorescent microscopy. PMID- 7028506 TI - The ferrichrome receptor protein (tonA) of Escherichia coli is synthesised as a precursor in vitro. PMID- 7028507 TI - Template-free ribosomal synthesis of polylysine from lysyl-tRNA. PMID- 7028508 TI - The mechanism of salt-induced stimulation of tRNASer aminoacylation by yeast seryl-tRNA synthetase. PMID- 7028509 TI - Assembly of functional b-type cytochromes in membranes from a 5-aminolaevulinic acid-requiring mutant of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7028510 TI - alpha- and beta-tropomyosin in typed single fibers of human skeletal muscle. PMID- 7028511 TI - On the role of glutathione in the transport of amino acid in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: contradictory results. PMID- 7028512 TI - Origin of phosphorylation coupled to the oxidation of extramitochondrial NADH. PMID- 7028513 TI - Decreased insulin sensitivity due to a postreceptor defect as a consequence of ATP-deficiency in fat cells. PMID- 7028514 TI - A novel N-terminal fragment of pro-gamma-melanotropin, not containing gamma melanotropin and generated from a cleavage site lacking the traditional two basic residues. PMID- 7028515 TI - Nucleotide sequence of a yeast mitochondrial threonine-tRNA able to decode the C U-N leucine codons. PMID- 7028516 TI - [Restoration of a split perineum by Shute's method]. PMID- 7028517 TI - [Feldsher G. P. Zadera, writer, publicist, publisher and public figure]. PMID- 7028519 TI - [Diagnosis of latent heart failure of a preserved transplant]. PMID- 7028518 TI - [Outstanding organizer of maternal and infant welfare in the USSR (on the centenary of the birth of V. P. Lebedeva)]. PMID- 7028520 TI - [Experimental cardiac tamponade as a model for studying interaction between the principal mechanisms regulating cardiac activity]. PMID- 7028521 TI - [Effect of insulin on smooth muscle cells of the femoral artery]. PMID- 7028522 TI - [Care plan of a child with spina bifida; trial according to Virginia Henderson's concept]. PMID- 7028523 TI - [Review: Ways of maintaining relatively steady concentrations of digestive gland enzymes in the blood]. PMID- 7028524 TI - Evidence for peripheral release of a lymphokine following transplantation in mice. AB - Mouse sera obtained 14-18 h after transplantation of skin or spleen cells from H 2-disparate donors contain a "lymph node activating factor". They activate the draining lymph nodes of syngeneic recipients or F1 hybrids of the mouse strains, which have served as graft donors and recipients, and give specific precipitation lines with the antibody against LNAF. LNAF can be determined in the sera of mice, which have been sensitized with spleen cells prior to transplantation, from 7 to 48 h after transplantation. PMID- 7028525 TI - Induction of immunological tolerance in the progeny of tolerant parents. PMID- 7028526 TI - Fast and easy multiple protective crowns. PMID- 7028527 TI - Genetic predisposition to glaucoma. PMID- 7028528 TI - Obstetrical care in future pregnancies after fetal loss in group B streptococcal septicemia. A prevention program based on bacteriological and immunological follow-up. AB - Among 22 mothers of infants infected with group B streptococci (GBS), 19 showed markedly low levels of antibodies against the infecting type. Three of the patients with low antibody levels went through a new pregnancy within 1 yr after they had lost an infant (2 patients) or experienced fetal death due to GBS (1 patient). They were still urogenital carriers of the type of GBS causing the previous infection, and their serum levels of type-specific antibodies remained low. All three went through a successful pregnancy following a prevention program comprising antibiotic treatment from the 28th wk of pregnancy. PMID- 7028529 TI - Treatment of primary dysmenorrhea with diclofenac sodium. AB - The efficacy of diclofenac sodium was investigated in the painful symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea and in reducing menstrual bleeding. Thirty-five nulliparous women (17-28 yr of age) were included in a double-blind cross-over study for four menstrual periods, two periods with diclofenac sodium and two periods with placebo. The diclofenac sodium treatment (total of 58 periods) reduced the pain significantly in comparison with placebo (57 periods), as evaluated by subjective rating (P less than 0.001) and by a 6-point scale of pain intensity (P less than 0.05). Also the amount of menstrual bleeding was significantly reduced as measured by subjective rating (P less than 0.001) and by counting the number of sanitary pads used (P less than 0.05). The results indicate that diclofenac sodium in low dose (about 75 mg daily) is effective not only in reducing the pain at menstruation, but also the bleeding. PMID- 7028530 TI - Glucose tolerance and hormonal changes in rats bearing a transplantable sarcoma. PMID- 7028531 TI - A comparison of slow Trasicor (oxprenolol 160 mg) and Trasidrex (oxprenolol 160 mg and cyclopenthiazide 0.25 mg) in the treatment of hypertension in general practice. PMID- 7028532 TI - A controlled trial with diclofensine, a new psychoactive drug, in the treatment of depression. AB - Diclofensine inhibits the uptake of serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine. In a controlled study, out-patients suffering from moderate to severe depression were treated with the objective of assessing the new drug's therapeutically effective dose range. Maprotiline was used as a reference drug: fourteen patients were assigned to receive diclofensine and thirteen to receive maprotiline in a double blind design. Depending on tolerance and efficacy, they were treated for periods ranging from 5 to 150 days. Doses were titrated to the optimum. Findings suggest that a 50 mg daily dose of diclofensine would be sufficient for the majority of the patients. The dosage can be safely increased up to 150 mg daily but this offers few therapeutic advantages. While the efficacy index of the two drugs was similar (approximately 60%), they differed greatly in their profile of side effects. No signs of abrupt dissipation of the achieved clinical effects were observed during continued treatment, and no withdrawal reactions were observed when the treatment was stopped. The new drug may be more effective in treating patients in whom a psycho-energizing and mood alleviating effect is desired. PMID- 7028533 TI - The use of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) suppositories as an antipyretic in children with fever due to acute infections: a double-blind, between-patient, placebo-controlled study. AB - In a placebo-controlled double-blind, between-patient trial the antipyretic effect of diclofenac sodium (voltaren) was studied in forty-three children ranging from 2-10 years of age. All patients were hospitalized because of acute illness associated with fever (38.5 degrees C-40.4 degrees C; mean 39.3 degrees C) due to viral or bacterial infections. The trial medication was given in the form of suppositories containing 25 mg of diclofenac sodium or as matching placebo to children aged from 2-5 years. The children aged from 6-10 years received a 50 mg diclofenac sodium suppository or placebo. Body temperature and pulse rate were measured at the time of administration and after 1/2, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours. The results showed a return to normal temperature values after 2 hours in all patients receiving diclofenac sodium, whereas in the placebo group only minimal changes were observed. No unwanted effects were reported. PMID- 7028534 TI - A controlled trial of amoxycillin with clavulanic acid (BRL 25000) against doxycycline in chronic bronchitis. PMID- 7028535 TI - Comparison of serum theophylline levels with plain and slow-release aminophylline in patient with airway obstruction. PMID- 7028536 TI - Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in man of acipimox, a new antilipolytic and hypolipemic agent. AB - Two separate studies were performed: in the first study for healthy male volunteers received three single oral doses (150, 250 and 400 mg) of 5 methylpyrazine carboxylic acid 4-oxide (acipimox) according to a randomized sequence. Plasma levels of the drug were determined by RIA and urinary excretion by HPLC. In the second trial the effect of food on the drug bioavailability and pharmacokinetics during repeated administration was investigated in six volunteers. The RIA method was adopted to measure plasma and urine levels. Acipimox was rapidly and almost completely absorbed after the three single doses. About 90% of the administered dose was recovered as unchanges drug in urine collected up to 24 h. Peak plasma levels, area under plasma levels curves and urinary excretion were linearly related to the administered dose. The presence of food in the gastro-intestinal tract did not adversely affect the bioavailability of the drug. No significant changes were noted in the rate of elimination after 6 days of treatment with 250 mg t.i.d. Plasma levels determined after the 19th dose were in good agreement with those predicted on the assumption of linear pharmacokinetics and a one-compartment open model, with a half-life of about 2 h. PMID- 7028537 TI - Iodination of thyroglobulin. An intracellular or extracellular process? AB - The location in the thyroid follicle of the iodination of thyroglobulin has been a matter of debate for several decades. This problem is not a question of mere academic interest. Knowledge of the locus--or loci--of iodination is necessary for a full understanding of the mechanisms involved in thyroid-hormone synthesis and release. In the discussion about this problem 3 fundamentally different views have been--and still are--advocated. The first view implies that the site of iodination is the follicle lumen, the second that iodination is an intracellular process restricted to some organelle(s) in the follicle cells and the third that iodination occurs at the interface between the follicle cells and the follicle lumen. Below I will survey the major observations on which these different opinions are based and discuss the validity of the interpretations. PMID- 7028538 TI - Effect of temperature on phospholipase C induced alterations in insulin binding. AB - Regulation of insulin-receptor affinity is at present poorly understood. In this study membrane structure was modified by exposing placental membranes to phospholipase C and the subsequent effect on insulin binding and dissociation was examined. As previously described, when insulin-receptor binding was performed at 4 degrees C, phospholipase C treated membranes showed an increase in the apparent number of insulin receptors. However, when binding was performed at 24 degrees C, the predominant effect of prior phospholipase C treatment was to increase the affinity of binding. At this temperature, phospholipase C pretreatment also increased membrane fluidity. Cytochalasin B, an agent which disrupts receptor aggregates, lowered average affinity at 24 degrees C. Phospholipase C treatment slowed the dissociation rate in 'infinite dilution' at 24 degrees C but the accelerating effect of 100 ng/ml insulin (negative cooperativity) was greatly enhanced. These studies suggest that in addition to its effect in unmasking receptor sites, increased membrane fluidity induced by phospholipase C may cause higher affinity binding by allowing greater receptor or receptor subunit aggregation. Receptor or subunit aggregation within a fluid membrane structure may determine in part the affinity of insulin-receptor binding and the kinetic phenomenon known as negative cooperativity. PMID- 7028539 TI - Diabetes and atherosclerosis: an overview. AB - Atherosclerosis is the most common complication of diabetes. Epidemiologic and pathophysiologic evidence suggest a number of possible reasons for this. They include alterations in lipoproteins, platelets, soluble clotting factors, the balance of prostacyclin-thromboxane, blood pressure regulation, and arterial smooth muscle cell metabolism and proliferation. Many of these alterations may accompany hyperinsulinemia and may account for the recent evidence that hyperinsulinemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Advances in this area will require the recognition that neither diabetes nor atherosclerosis are single disorders. Furthermore, new approaches are needed to study these disorders in which there may be many years of very subtle changes before any end point is apparent. PMID- 7028540 TI - Diabetic hypertriglyceridemia: evidence for three clinical syndromes. AB - Based on studies of both man and rat, it is proposed that at least three distinct syndromes of hypertriglyceridemia occur as the result of abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism. We believe that these syndromes are the predictable results of the changes in plasma insulin and/or free fatty acid (FFA) concentration that occur in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). In patients with IGT the basic defect is postulated to be loss of normal insulin sensitivity, leading to compensatory hyperinsulinism, increased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglyceride (TG) secretion, and hypertriglyceridemia. In contrast, patients with NIDDM have ambient insulin concentrations that are "normal" in absolute terms, and in these subjects we believe that the elevated circulating FFA concentrations increase hepatic VLDL-TG secretion, which, in turn, is responsible for the hypertriglyceridemia. However, elevated FFA levels do not stimulate hepatic VLDL-TG secretion in insulin deficient patients with IDDM, presumably because the livers of such individuals are not capable of responding to the increased FFA flux. In these subjects, the development of hypertriglyceridemia, when it does occur, is secondary to the existence of a profound defect in the removal of VLDL-TG from plasma. These generalizations are consistent with results in both man and rat, and provide models that account for the development of hypertriglyceridemia in the three major clinical categories of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 7028541 TI - Cholesterol metabolism in diabetes mellitus: the role of diet. PMID- 7028542 TI - High density lipoproteins in diabetes. PMID- 7028543 TI - Efficacy of the insulin pump in the home treatment of pregnant diabetics. AB - The efficacy and feasibility of the insulin infusion pump in pregnancy were examined in seven class D to FR diabetics, maintained on the pump at home from 10 to 29 wk gestation until delivery. An improvement in glucose control was achieved within the first month and sustained to term. Home monitoring demonstrated a fall in mean blood glucose levels from 135 mg/dl range 98-175, prepump) to 104 mg/dl (range 84-120) and a 25-30% reduction in standard deviations during pump treatment. Furthermore, glycosylated hemoglobin levels were normalized in each patient. During periodic inpatient evaluations, mean 24-h plasma glucose levels were slightly, but not significantly, lower after pump treatment (97 vs 86 mg/dl). However, glycemic excursions were strikingly diminished; MAGE values and standard deviations fell by 45% and 34%, respectively. The total daily insulin dose required at the start of pump treatment was 31% less than the conventional dose used before the pump (P less than 0.002). Thereafter the insulin dose increased by approximately 2.5 U/wk, with the basal infusion remaining at 40% of the total dose throughout the pregnancy. All infants were born at term, had no macrosomia or neonatal problems, and had normal intravenous glucose tolerance tests at 2 h of age. We conclude that the insulin infusion pump, managed at home, is a highly efficient way to achieve normal or near-normal glucose levels in the pregnant diabetic. PMID- 7028544 TI - Erythrocyte and monocyte insulin binding in man: a comparative analysis in normal and disease states. PMID- 7028545 TI - Metabolic characteristics of renal insulin uptake. PMID- 7028546 TI - Production of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1alpha by rat aorta: influence of diabetes, insulin treatment, and caloric deprivation. PMID- 7028547 TI - Insulin binding and insulin action in fibroblasts from patients with maturity onset diabetes of the young. PMID- 7028548 TI - Scope and specificity of acarbose in slowing carbohydrate absorption in man. AB - Fifty-gram carbohydrate tolerance tests were performed on healthy volunteers to test the activity and specificity of an alpha-glucoside hydrolase inhibitor, acarbose (BAY g 5421). Two hundred milligrams acarbose reduced the area under the blood glucose response curve by 89% (P less than 0.001) after sucrose by 80% (P less than 0.002) after starch, by 19% (N.S.) after maltose, with no effect on glucose. Breath hydrogen measurements indicated an almost complete malabsorption of the sucrose. At 50 mg acarbose, some reduction in blood glucose and insulin response to sucrose was still seen, but no significant hydrogen production. It is suggested that at lower doses, acarbose may prolong the time course over which carbohydrate is absorbed as does dietary fiber; as with fiber, it may be a useful adjunct to diabetic therapy. PMID- 7028549 TI - Meticulous control of diabetes during organogenesis prevents congenital lumbosacral defects in rats. PMID- 7028550 TI - The effect of insulin on renal sodium metabolism. A review with clinical implications. AB - Data are discussed which demonstrate that insulin plays an important role in sodium metabolism. The primary action of insulin on sodium balance is exerted on the kidney. Increases in plasma insulin concentration within the physiological range stimulate sodium reabsorption by the distal nephron segments and this effect is independent of changes in circulating metabolites or other hormones. Several clinical situations are reviewed: sodium wasting in poorly controlled diabetics, natriuresis of starvation, anti-natriuresis of refeeding and hypertension of obesity, in which insulin-mediated changes in sodium balance have been shown to play an important pathophysiological role. PMID- 7028551 TI - The regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion by pre-stimulus glucose level and tolbutamide in normal man. AB - The relationship between the pre-stimulus glucose level and immunoreactive insulin responses to a glucose challenge (20-g IV) was studied in normal subjects. When the steady-state pre-stimulus glucose concentration was lowered by a 0.33 mU.kg-1.min-1 insulin infusion or raised by a 900 mg/min glucose infusion, no effect on first phase insulin secretion (mean delta 3-5 min insulin level) was observed. In contrast, the second phase response (10-60 min insulin area after glucose pulse) to intravenous glucose fell during insulin infusion and increased during the glucose infusion. Overall, a linear relationship was found between the change of pre-stimulus glucose or level from the control to that during the insulin or glucose infusion and the change in second phase response (r = 0.65, n = 14, p less than 0.02). The effect of tolbutamide infusion (7 mg.m-2.min-1) when compared with saline control was to increase both first phase (+54 +/- 13 mU/l, n = 8, p less than 0.001, mean +/- SEM) and second phase (+972 +/- 256 mU. min-1.l 1, p less than 0.01) insulin secretion. It is concluded that the first phase response to a glucose pulse is independent of the steady-state pre-stimulus glucose concentration and is directly enhanced by tolbutamide; in contrast, second phase is related to both the steady-state pre-stimulus glucose level and tolbutamide. These findings suggest that changes in basal or pre-stimulus plasma glucose during therapy with sulphonylurea drugs may be expected to influence the second phase insulin responses to glucose challenge. PMID- 7028552 TI - Diabetic control in patients treated with once or twice-daily insulin injections, including a comparison of conventional beef and highly purified pork insulins. AB - Twenty patients were changed from a single daily injection of beef insulin (a mixture of soluble and protamine zinc insulin) to two daily injections (mixtures of soluble and isophane insulins). This was associated with a reduction, one month later, in the concentration of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) and in the degree of late evening glycosuria. A reduction was shown 6 months later in antibody binding of beef and pork insulin by serum. Subsequent conversion to a twice daily regime of highly purified pork insulin was not associated with further improvement in diabetic control, but was associated after 1 month with a reduction in daily insulin dose, and after 5 months with a further reduction in antibody binding of beef and pork insulin by serum. Patients failing to show a C peptide response to intravenous glucagon had a fall in HbA1 after conversion from a once to a twice daily insulin regime, which correlated inversely with insulin antibody binding estimated at the beginning of the study. PMID- 7028553 TI - The priming effect of glucose on insulin secretion from isolated islets of Langerhans. AB - Biphasic insulin secretion from perifused rat islets of Langerhans was enhanced if islets had previously been stimulated with glucose 16.6 mmol/l. The priming effect of glucose was reduced if mannoheptulose (16.6 mmol/l), deuterium oxide (D2O; 98% v/v) or adrenaline 10 mumol/l) was included in the medium during the initial stimulation period, or if Calcium was omitted. Glyceraldehyde (16.6 mmol/l) but not theophylline (5 mmol/l) could substitute for glucose during the initial stimulation and make islets more responsive to subsequent stimulation. The results suggest that the priming effect of glucose on insulin secretion may be related to 1) glucose metabolism and 2) Ca fluxes in the B cell and the consequent activation of the microtubular system. Neither the generation of intracellular cyclic AMP nor the release of insulin per se appears to be involved in the priming process. PMID- 7028554 TI - Oral glucose tolerance, insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion in patients recovered from acute myocardial infarction. AB - Ten male patients, recovered from acute myocardial infarction, and ten control subjects were investigated by a 50 g glucose tolerance test. All patients and control subjects had normal glucose tolerance, but the patients had increased fasting and integrated insulin response to oral glucose. Fasting gastric inhibitory polypeptide concentrations and integrated gastric inhibitory polypeptide response were normal in the patients. The exaggerated insulin secretion in patients recovered from myocardial infarction does not seem to be caused by increased secretion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide. PMID- 7028555 TI - Islet cell antibodies-theoretical and practical implications. PMID- 7028556 TI - The influence of glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia on renal glomerular function and circulating catecholamines in normal man. AB - The circulatory, renal, and hormonal responses to physiological elevation of plasma insulin induced with oral glucose have been studied in seven healthy subjects. glomerular filtration rate, urinary excretion rates of albumin and Beta2-microglobulin, haematocrit, pulse rate, blood pressure and plasma catecholamine concentrations have been measured. Physiological hyperinsulinaemia following glucose ingestion was associated with an increase in noradrenaline levels and brief tachycardia. No effect was noted on haematocrit, creatinine clearance, urinary albumin excretion, plasma adrenaline concentrations and arterial blood pressure. Urinary Beta2-microglobulin excretion rates fell shortly after the elevation of plasma insulin, probably indicating enhanced tubular reabsorption. Thus, glucose-induced physiological hyperinsulinaemia does not reduce glomerular filtration rate nor does it increase transglomerular passage of albumin, effects seen after the intravenous bolus injection of 6-8 U of insulin in diabetics. PMID- 7028558 TI - Improvement of metabolic control in insulin dependent diabetics treated with the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose for two months. AB - Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, delays starch digestion and inhibits intestinal sucrase and maltase activity. Twenty-eight insulin dependent diabetics were given Acarbose (3 x 100 mg daily) over a two month period, preceded and followed by a two month placebo period. Acarbose reduced post-breakfast and post dinner blood glucose values by 25% (p less than 0.001) and 24% (p less than 0.05) respectively. It also significantly reduced mean daily blood glucose by 18% (p less than 0.05) and mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions from 8.0 +/- 0.6 to 5.5 +/- 0.4 mmol/l (p less than 0.0005). Weight did not change significantly. Daily caloric and carbohydrate intake remained constant throughout the study while insulin requirements decreased slightly but significantly. Out of the 28 patients, 18 had absent while ten had slight residual B cell function as assessed by plasma C-peptide measurements. Treatment with Acarbose did not significantly affect residual B cell function. The beneficial effect of Acarbose on blood glucose control was seen in patients both with and without residual B cell secretion. The major side-effect was flatulence which was never severe enough to interrupt treatment, but led to a 50% reduction of the dose in one patient. It is concluded that Acarbose represents a useful additional means of improving metabolic control in insulin dependent diabetics. PMID- 7028557 TI - The gastro-entero-pancreatic hormone response to fasting in obesity. AB - A comparison of the metabolic and gastroentero-pancreatic hormonal responses of ten obese and eight lean subjects to 12 h and 36 h fasts has been made. Each subject was given a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test at the end of both 12 h and 36 h starvation. After the 12 h fast blood glucose and 3-hydroxybuty-rate were similar in each group but blood glycerol was 30% higher in the obese subjects. Plasma insulin and vaso-active intestinal polypeptide were also higher in the obese subjects after 12 h starvation. After 36 h starvation in the lean subjects blood glucose was unchanged but on refeeding with 50 g oral glucose, glucose tolerance was impaired. In the same group blood glycerol and 3-hydroxybutyrate rose after 36 h starvation. Plasma glucagon, secretin and vaso-active intestinal polypeptide rose after 36 h starvation in the lean subjects but plasma insulin was unchanged. Refeeding with oral glucose suppressed the increased plasma glucagon, secretin and vaso-active intestinal polypeptide. After the 36 h fast in the obese subjects, blood glucose was unchanged, blood glycerol fell, but blood 3 hydroxybutyrate rose although to a reduced level in comparison with the lean subjects. In the obese group there was no change in plasma glucagon, secretin or vaso-active intestinal polypeptide after 36 h starvation, although plasma insulin fell. The results show different metabolic and gastro-entero-pancreatic hormonal responses to fasting in lean and obese human subjects and suggest an important metabolic role of glucagon, secretin and vaso-active intestinal polypeptide during starvation. PMID- 7028559 TI - Dose-kinetics of pancreatic glucagon responses to arginine and glucose in subjects with normal and impaired pancreatic B cell function. PMID- 7028560 TI - Insulin degradation. XXVIII. Immunocytochemical localization of glutathione insulin transhydrogenase in the pancreas, kidney and liver of normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats and of lean and obese (ob/ob) mice. AB - Glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase catalyzed the inactivation of insulin by splitting the hormone into A and B chains. We have localized this enzyme immunocytochemically by light microscopy in the pancreas, kidney and liver of both lean and obese (ob/ob) mice and similarly in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats. Localization was achieved by an antibody to glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. In comparison with tissues from control animals, positive immunostaining for glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase was increased in the obese mouse but reduced in the diabetic rat. Different tissues showed considerable variation in the amount of glutathione insulin transhydrogenase which could be detected. In the pancreatic islets there was little or no evidence for the presence of the enzyme in peripheral cells. In the kidney, immunocytochemical staining was found only in the proximal tubules. In the liver there was a generalised distribution of the enzyme, but the greatest concentration was in the periportal region. These observations parallel the biochemical data relating to glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase, indicating that different amount of insulin degrading activity exist in different regions of tissues. PMID- 7028561 TI - A method for the simultaneous measurement of insulin release and B cell membrane potential in single mouse islets of Langerhans. AB - A method has been developed for the simultaneous measurement of insulin release and electrical activity in single micro-dissected mouse islets of Langerhans. The effects of D-glucose have been studied in individual islets. Each islet was exposed to 0, 5.6, 11.1, 16.7, 22.2, 27.8, and 33.3 mmol/l glucose in a stepwise fashion. The minimum glucose concentration required to elicit spike activity is lower than that required to stimulate insulin release above basal levels and the maximum spike frequency occurs at a lower glucose concentration than does maximum insulin release. Following a reduction in glucose from 27,8 (or 33.3) to 5.6 mmol/l, membrane potentials returned to resting values within 2 min whereas insulin returned to basal values after 20 min. Increasing glucose from 5.6 to 27.8 mmol/l induced spike activity within 10 s; the insulin response was detected within 40 s. Thus, it is possible to use the single mouse islet for simultaneous measurements of insulin release and electrical activity. PMID- 7028562 TI - Morphological changes in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal axis of male rats after twelve months of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. AB - The hypothalami, pituitaries and testes from streptozotocin-treated and control male Wistar rats were examined by light and electron microscopy 12 months after induction of diabetes. Light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical techniques were employed for the localization of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone in the hypothalami and the pituitaries. In the hypothalami of diabetic animals swollen neuronal processes containing anti luteinizing hormone-releasing-hormone positive material were frequent. In the pituitaries of the same animals a large number of small luteinizing hormone gonadotrophs was found. These cells contained numerous secretory granules and were deficient in endoplasmic reticulum. The average testicular weight of the diabetic rats was significantly reduced but with marked individual variations. Histologically, the testes with the highest weights appeared normal, those with the lowest weights atrophic with few degenerating Leydig cells. these hypothalamic-hypophyseal changes are probably responsible for the testicular lesions found in experimental diabetes mellitus and may have relevance to the problem of infertility in human diabetes. PMID- 7028563 TI - Exercise-induced proteinuria in children and adolescents with type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes. AB - The urinary excretion excretion of albumin and Beta2-microglobulin was measured by radioimmunoassay in 64 children and adolescents with Type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes and in 68 non-diabetic subjects aged from 9 to 19 years. At rest the albumin excretion of te diabetic subjects did not differ from that of te non-diabetic children and adolescents but during exercise the albumin excretion was significantly higher in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (p less than 0.02). the excretion rate of Beta2-microglobulin in diabetic subjects did not differ from that of the healthy subjects. Both at rest and during exercise the albumin excretion rate was highest in those diabetics with poorest metabolic control of their disease. PMID- 7028564 TI - [Splenosis. Review of 117 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028565 TI - An endomitotic effect of a cell cycle mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A recessive temperature-sensitive mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been isolated and shown to cause an increase in ploidy in both haploids and diploids. Genetic analysis revealed that the strain carrying the mutation was an aa diploid, although MNNG mutagenesis had been done on an a haploid strain. When the mutant strain was crossed with an alpha alpha diploid and the resultant tetraploid sporulated, some of the meiotic progeny of this tetraploid were themselves tetraploid, as shown by both genetic analysis and DNA measurements, instead of diploid as expected of tetraploid meiosis. The ability of these tetraploids to continue to produce tetraploid meiotic progeny was followed for four generations. Homothallism was excluded as a cause of the increase in ploidy; visual pedigree analysis of spore clones to about the 32-cell stage failed to reveal any zygotes, and haploids that diploidized retained their mating type. An extra round of meiotic DNA synthesis was also considered and excluded. It was found that tetraploidization was independent of sporulation temperature, but was dependent on the temperature of germination and the growth of the spores. Increase in ploidy occurred when the spores were germinated and grown at 30 degrees, but did not occur at 23 degrees. Two cycles of sporulation and growth at 23 degrees resulted in haploids, which were shown to diploidize within 24 hr when grown at 30 degrees. Visual observation of the haploid cells incubated at 36 degrees revealed a cell-division-cycle phenotype characteristic of mutations that affect nuclear division; complementation analysis demonstrated that the mutation, cdc31-2, is allelic to cdc31-1, a mutation isolated by Hartwell et al. (1973) and characterized as causing a temperature-sensitive arrest during late nuclear division. The segregation of cdc31-2 in heterozygous diploids was 2:2 and characteristic of a noncentromere-linked gene. PMID- 7028566 TI - [Escherichia coli K-12 mutants for the thymidine phosphorylase structural gene that retain the anabolic function of the enzyme]. AB - From the Escherichia coli thymine auxotroph carrying a constitutive mutation for deo-enzymes (thy deoR) mutants (tpp38, tpp39 and tpp40) for thymidine phosphorylase (catalyzing a conversion of thymine to thymidine) were isolated via selection for a low thymine requirement. In the thy deoR+ genome these mutations led to inability of bacteria to use thymidine as the sole carbon source for growth, though the ability to utilize thymine was retained at the level comparable to that of thy deoR+ tpp+ bacteria. In the thy deoR genome mutations obtained led to a more efficient utilization of thymine in comparison with the thy deoR tpp++ strain. At the same time, the thymidine phosphorylase activity, as determined by a degradation of thymidine in bacterial extracts was lower in thy deoR strains carrying tpp38, tpp39 and tpp40 by factors 5,25 and 22, respectively, in comparison with the thy deoR tpp+ strain. The mutations tpp38, 39, 40 were localized in the distal part of the tpp structural gene (tpp39 and tpp40 being in the extreme distal position), whereas the earlier described tpp leaky mutants incapable of using exogenous thymine for growth were mapped in the extreme proximal part of the tpp gene (Sukhodolets et al., 1971). It is proposed that the tpp-leaky mutations obtained enhance the thymidine phosphorylase affinity to deoxyribose-1-phosphate, a product in a reversible reaction of the thymidine phosphorolysis. PMID- 7028567 TI - [Effect of cyclophosphane on the bone marrow of redbacked voles]. AB - The paper presents the data on the effect of cyclophosphane on the bone marrow cells of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). The percentage of aberrant cells after injection of cyclophosphane was shown to be higher in experimental animals than in control at different intervals after injection, mitotic activity and the interphase death being decreased and increased, respectively. PMID- 7028568 TI - [Effect of alpha-tocopherol on the mutagenic repair pathways in Escherichia coli cells]. AB - It is shown in the present work that the antimutagenic effect of alpha-tocopherol is related to suppression of mutagenic repair controlled by the lexA gene. During this process mutations occur in chromosomal replication forks, provided cells are in the logarithmic phase of growth. Lesions in nonreplicating DNA resulting from the direct alkylation of nitrosoguanidine are apparently realized in the course of repair errors formation, the process being unaffected in any significant way by alpha-tocopherol. PMID- 7028569 TI - DNA sequence of the araBAD-araC controlling region in Salmonella typhimurium LT2. AB - The araB and araC genes of Salmonella typhimurium have been cloned onto the plasmid pBR322. Restriction analysis and subcloning of restriction fragments localized these genes to a 4.4 kb DNA fragment. Complementation analysis revealed that the cloned araB and araC genes from S. typhimurium complemented araB and araC mutant strains of escherichia coli. Conversely, cloned araB and araC genes from E. coli complemented araB and araC mutant strains of Escherichia coli. Conversely, cloned araB and araC genes from E. coli complemented araB and ara C mutant strains of S. typhimurium. The DNA sequence was determined for the S. typhimurium araB and araC controlling region and for the initially translated portions of these genes. The nucleotide sequence of the araB promoter was 87% homologous with the same region in E. coli and contained no deletions or insertions relative to the E. coli sequence. The presumed AUG codon corresponding to the amino terminus of the S. typhimurium araC protein was in the same location as in E. coli. There was, however, considerable divergence for the E. coli sequence preceding the translation start site. The nucleotide sequence of the initial 237 bp in the open reading frame of the S. typhimurium araC gene was 78% homologous with the same sequence in E. coli. By comparison, the amino acid sequence for this region was 91% conserved. PMID- 7028570 TI - Orientation of separated DNA strands of coliphage 186 relative to its genetic map. PMID- 7028571 TI - Characterization of a yeast replication origin (ars2) and construction of stable minichromosomes containing cloned yeast centromere DNA (CEN3). AB - A yeast DNA sequence (ars2), capable of supporting autonomous replication of plasmids, in yeast, has been characterized. The ars2 replicator occurs about 7 kb from the ARG4 gene on yeast chromosome VIII. Plasmids containing ars2 and the ARG4 gene transform yeast arg4 mutants to ARG4+ with high frequency (about 103 transformants/micrograms DNA) and replicate autonomously in the transformed cells. The ars2 plasmids are mitotically unstable and are readily lost from yeast cultures when grown under nonselective conditions. The addition of a DNA segment containing functional yeast centromere (CEN3) and an ars2 plasmid effectively stabilizes the plasmid against both mitotic and meiotic loss. The ars2-CEN3 minichromosomes replicate autonomously in controlled copy number while segregating in a typical Mendelian pattern (2+ :2-) during meiosis. The requirement for a separate replicator sequence for stable mitotic and meiotic maintenance of centromere-containing minichromosomes is equally satisfied by the presence of either ars1 or ars2. The centromere controls plasmid copy number to a low value (usually one) regardless of the type of replicator used. PMID- 7028572 TI - Nine unique repeating sequences in a region essential for replication and incompatibility of the mini-F plasmid. AB - The nucleotide sequence of a 2248 bp portion of the plasmid mini-F has been determined. This region includes the replication origin and all of the plasmid coded information required for replication. The same region is also capable of expressing incompatibility. A striking feature of the sequence is the presence of nine 19-bp repeating units. Four of these repeats, all arranged in one direction, comprise a cluster, and the remaining five, all arranged in the opposite direction, comprise another cluster. These clusters are separated by a region of about 850 bp that encodes a hypothetical 29-kd polypeptide. This region has sequences highly homologous to those found in the origin regions of the Escherichia coli (Sugimoto et al., 1979; Meijer et al., 1979) and Salmonella typhimurium (Zyskind and Smith, 1980) genomes. PMID- 7028573 TI - How effective is the artificial pancreas? PMID- 7028574 TI - [Evaluation of the role of acrylonitrile metabolism in the mechanism of its toxic action]. PMID- 7028575 TI - Induction and maintenance of mucosal enterokinase activity in proximal small intestine by a genetically determined response to mediated sodium transport. AB - Mucosal enterokinase activity was established at intervals throughout the small intestine in guinea-pigs; maximum activity was present in the duodenum and proximal jejunum in new born as well as adult animals. Transposition of 5 cm lengths of small gut from the high enterokinase containing proximal region to the distal intestine and vice versa showed that mucosal enterokinase activity in the transposed segments was little changed after several weeks of healthy life. Isolation of proximal jejunal loops from luminal continuity resulted in the fall of mucosal enterokinase activity to minimal levels within 16 hours. Low levels of mucosal enterokinase activity were identified in loops of both proximal and distal jejunum 12 weeks after isolation. Luminal perfusion studies in vivo in proximal jejunal loops 24 hours after isolation showed that mucosal enterokinase activity could be restored to near normal levels within four to six hours by luminal sodium in the presence of active pancreatic endopeptidases, oligopeptides, L-amino acids, or D-glucose but not D-amino acids or D-fructose. Near normal mucosal enterokinase activity persisted in the loops for as long as luminal perfusion with 144 mM sodium and L-lysine or trypsin was maintained (24 hours). The time course of the restoration of mucosal enterokinase activity was compatible with an initial precursor activation as well as biosynthesis. The requirement for luminal sodium appeared to be absolute regardless of the co substrate and supports the conclusion that mucosal enterokinase activity is dependent on mediated sodium transport. The ability of proximal intestinal enterocytes to respond to sodium flux with an increase in enterokinase activity is a property determined in intrauterine life: distal intestinal enterocytes may have functioning structural genes for enterokinase but appear to be unable to respond. PMID- 7028576 TI - Enumeration of Paneth cells in coeliac disease: comparison of conventional light microscopy and immunofluorescence staining for lysozyme. AB - By conventional light microscopy, a reduced number of Paneth cells per intestinal crypt was found in the jejunal mucosa of patients with untreated or gluten challenged coeliac disease as compared with histologically normal control specimens. A much better detection sensitivity was obtained when Paneth cells were counted by fluorescence microscopy after immunostaining for lysozyme with a rhodamine-labelled rabbit IgG conjugate. This method showed that there was no numerical reduction of Paneth cells in coeliac disease, but that the proportion of cells with a low lysozyme content was increased. Most of these cells were probably missed by conventional microscopy in which identification of Paneth cells is principally based on a substantial cellular complement of acidophilic granules. A reduced number of lysozyme-containing granules in coeliac disease may reflect increased discharge enhanced secretory activity, or a raised turnover of the Paneth cells. PMID- 7028577 TI - Abnormalities of neutrophil function do not cause the migration defect in Crohn's disease. AB - Skin window tests were performed on 60 patients with Crohn's disease, 20 with ulcerative colitis, 16 with peptic ulceration, and 40 healthy controls. The numbers of neutrophils that migrated into the skin window chambers were significantly lower in patients with Crohn's disease. This abnormality was unrelated to the activity of the disease, site of involvement, or treatment. No significant abnormalities were found in the patients with other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The abnormality of neutrophil migration in the Crohn's patients does not seem to be due to a cellular defect, as neutrophils from patients with Crohn's disease migrate and phagocytose normally in vitro. Sera from patients with Crohn's disease did not inhibit cell migration or contain inhibitors of chemotaxis. The addition of serum that had been activated with zymosan to the chamber enhanced the emigration of neutrophils from the skin of patients with Crohn's disease. These results suggest that the depression of neutrophil migration into skin windows that is normally observed in Crohn's disease is due to a deficient local inflammatory response. This defective inflammatory response in Crohn's disease and the consequent delay in the accumulation of neutrophils could explain granuloma formation, the high recurrence rate after surgery, and the clinical course of exacerbations and remissions. PMID- 7028578 TI - Electrical arrhythmias in the human stomach. AB - Myoelectrical activity was recorded from the human antrum on 136 occasions using a monopolar mucosal electrode in preoperative and post-vagotomy patients, and bipolar serosal electrodes in post-cholecystectomy patients, and the incidence of antral arrhythmias observed. Arrhythmias of long duration were observed in five out of 62 patients after vagotomy and one out of 10 patients after cholecystectomy, but not in preoperative patients. They were characterised by slow waves with increased frequency, variable period, amplitude, and wave shape and were associated with periods of slow wave inhibition. None of the patients with an arrhythmia had any symptoms of disordered gastric motility. Antral arrhythmias could also be induced in some patients by the administration of insulin, secretin, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin, glucagon, and pentagastrin. The appearance of antral arrhythmias is probably due to a relative increase of sympathetic over parasympathetic activity. The maximal slow wave frequency observed was 8.3 cycles per minute and it is probable that in vivo human antral smooth muscle has a maximum frequency above which it cannot be driven. PMID- 7028580 TI - [Cimetidine--up to date]. PMID- 7028581 TI - [New types of insulin produced by the pancreas]. PMID- 7028579 TI - Short chain fatty acids in the human colon. PMID- 7028582 TI - [Effect of Y-12, 141 on immune response of dd mice. Studies on anti-allergic agents, V. (author's transl)]. AB - Mice were immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) at day 0, and hemagglutinin (HA) titer of the serum, hemolytic plaque forming cells (HPFC) in the spleen cells and rosette forming cells (RFC) in both the spleen and thymus cells were assayed at day 5. The immune responses in the mice immunized with 1 X 10(8) SRBC intravenously were not affected by Y-12, 141 given orally for 5 days (0 approximately 4 days) at doses of 30 approximately 100 mg/kg, but were suppressed by cyclophosphamide (10 approximately 30 mg/kg p.o.) and D-penicillamine (100 mg/kg p.o.). The treatment of the mice with levamisole (1 approximately 30 mg/kg p.o.) resulted in the increase of RFC number in the spleen. Levamisole increased the number of RFC in the mice immunized with 5 X 10(6) approximately 10(8) SRBC. On the other hand, Y-12,141 (10 approximately 30 mg/kg p.o.) increased spleen RFC number in the mice immunized with 5 approximately 10 X 10(6) SRBC. Y-12,141 and levamisole given orally on day 0, 1 or 2 increased spleen RFC number in the mice immunized with 5 X 10(6) SRBC. D-Penicillamine given orally for 3 days (-2 approximately 0 days) also potentiated spleen rosette formation. The decreased number of RFC in the spleen and thymus by cyclophosphamide given orally in a dose of 20 mg/kg was restored by the treatment with Y-12,141 (3 approximately 30 mg/kg) and levamisole (1 approximately 30 mg/kg). In addition, these agents suppressed 19S HA titer, and elevated 7S HA titer in the cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Prednisolone given orally in a dose of 30 mg/kg also decreased the number of RFC in the spleen. This decrease was restored by the treatment with Y-12,141 and levamisole. These findings suggest that Y-12,141 has a capacity to potentiate the immune response in mice immunized with low doses of SRBC and to restore the decrease of immune response caused by immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclophosphamide and prendisolone. PMID- 7028583 TI - [Bioavailability and buffer capacity of antacids. A randomized double-blind study for the comparison of the most used antacid solutions]. PMID- 7028584 TI - [Epidemic history of central Mexico in the 16th century. A model for today's world-wide epidemic situation?]. PMID- 7028585 TI - [Surgical procedures and anesthesia in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7028586 TI - Comparison of 24-hour insulin requirements in IDDM patients during control by an artificial betacell and during conventional therapy. AB - Insulin requirements were measured over 24 hours during feed-back control by an artificial betacell (Biostator) in 25 lean insulin-dependent diabetics with no endogenous insulin secretion. The set of constants selected for the algorithms was that which resulted in the minimum insulin infusion consistent with normal glucose tolerance during an OGTT. The results were compared with the daily dose of insulin chosen, using standard clinical criteria, by physicians with no knowledge of the experimental results. Plasma IRI remained within the normal range during Biostator control, and the insulin dose given over 24 hours was almost identical - 101 +/- 9% with that selected on clinical grounds. The reproducibility of insulin requirements established with the Biostator was tested over two consecutive days in nine patients; all required an increased amount of insulin (mean + 6.9%, range + 0.5 to + 12.2%) on the second day. PMID- 7028587 TI - Regulation of A- and B-cell function by insulin and glucagon. AB - In monolayer cultures of pancreases from neonatal rats, glucagon added to the medium (5 or 50 ng/ml) stimulated insulin secretion. In contrast, exogenously added insulin (1.0 mU/ml) inhibited glucagon secretion when glucose was 1.7 or 5.5 mM, but not when glucose was 16.5 mM. This suggests that insulin may reduce glucagon release by enhancing glucose uptake by A-cells. Suppression of glucagon secretion by high glucose (16.5 mM) may be mediated by endogenously released insulin. These observations support the in vivo findings favoring a modulatory interaction between A- and B-cells. PMID- 7028588 TI - Effect of bicarbonate on the arginine-induced insulin and glucagon secretion in vitro. AB - The isolated perfused rat pancreas was used to investigate the effect of extracellular bicarbonate concentration (25 and 40 mmol/l) on the arginine induced insulin and glucagon release with or without 5.5 mmol/l glucose in the perfusate. In the absence of glucose, the insulin response to arginine was increased at 40 mmol/l bicarbonate, while no potentiation by glucose of the arginine-induced insulin release, at this bicarbonate concentration, was observed. At 40 mmol/l bicarbonate, glucose inhibition of basal glucagon release was abolished. In contrast, the glucagon response to arginine was not affected by the bicarbonate concentration in the perfusion medium. These results confirm that the bicarbonate concentration in the medium markedly influences the insulin release from the isolated perfused rat pancreas, while the glucagon response to arginine seems to be less sensitive to changes in extracellular bicarbonate concentration. PMID- 7028589 TI - Development of glucose intolerance and impaired plasma insulin response to glucose in obese hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice. AB - The development of glucose intolerance in Aston ob/ob mice showed a gross exaggeration of the age-related changes of glucose tolerance in lean (+/+) mice. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance in ob/ob mice was poor at 5 weeks, improved by 10 weeks, but markedly worsened by 20 weeks. A 24 hour fast further exaggerated the glucose intolerance of ob/ob mice. Unlike lean mice, tolerance improved in ob/ob mice at 40 weeks. Alterations of insulin sensitivity and the plasma insulin response to glucose accounted in part for these observations. Insulin sensitivity deteriorated until 20 weeks, but improved at 40 weeks in both fed and 24 hour fasted ob/ob mice. A positive plasma insulin response to glucose was lost after 5 weeks in fed ob/ob mice. The severity of this abnormality corresponded with the extent of the basal hyperinsulinaemia. A 24 hour fast reduced plasma insulin concentrations and restored a positive plasma insulin response to glucose in ob/ob mice. The results suggest that the plasma insulin response to glucose in ob/ob mice is related to the secretory activity of the B-cells prior to stimulation. Furthermore, it is evident that factors in addition to insulin insensitivity and the impaired plasma insulin response to glucose contribute to the development of glucose intolerance in these mice. PMID- 7028590 TI - Degradation of insulin in perfused liver and skeletal muscle and insulin secretion in perfused pancreas of liver injury rat. AB - To study the mechanism of hyperinsulinism and glucose intolerance in liver disease, insulin removal rate by liver and muscle, glucose uptake by muscle and insulin secretion from pancreas were measured using the perfusion in rats with injured liver induced by carbon tetrachloride (liver injury rat). In the perfused liver, insulin removal rate of liver injury rat decreased to 62% of that of normal rat, but it did not alter in the perfused muscle. Insulin response to arginine by the perfused pancreas of liver injury rat was similar to that of normal rat. Before insulin infusion, glucose uptake by the perfused muscle was similar in liver injury rat and normal rat. In contrast, during insulin infusion, glucose uptake by the perfused muscle was 1.5 times higher in liver injury rat than in normal rat. These results suggested that the peripheral hyperinsulinism was solely due to decreased hepatic insulin degradation, but not hypersecretion of insulin from pancreas and furthermore, might suggest that the insulin resistance was related to appearance of biologically inactive endogenous insulin, because of exogenous insulin completely acting on peripheral target tissue. PMID- 7028591 TI - Reduced mitogenic action of insulin evaluated as 3H-thymidine uptake in diabetic cultured fibroblasts. AB - As cultured diabetic fibroblasts have a shorter lifespan than normal subjects, the mitogenic activity of foetal calf serum (FCS) and insulin have been studied by taking skin biopsies from 5 patients with juvenile onset diabetes (JODM), 8 with adult onset diabetes (AODM) and 5 with chemical (latent) diabetes (CDM). In controls a high dose of insulin (20 microgram/ml) produced a tritiated thymidine uptake lower than 10% FCS. At lower doses (0.1 to 1.0 microgram/ml) a dose dependent uptake was observed. In diabetic fibroblasts 10% FCS produced a lower 3H-thymidine uptake than in controls, with p less than 0.005 in JODM, p less than 0.01 in AODM and p less than 0.01 in CDM. A high dose of insulin produced a lower uptake in patients with JODM (p less than 0.01), AODM (p less than 0.01) and CDM (p less than 0.05) when compared with controls. However, when lower doses of insulin were used, 2 out 5 cases of JODM and 4 out of 8 cases of AODM showed a similar response to controls, while 3H-thymidine uptake was low or absent in the remaining cases, including all those with CDM. This study indicates that a reduced mitogenic action of FCS and insulin exists in many patients affected by clinical or chemical diabetes. Our results suggest, however, that the sensitivity to the two mitogenic factors seems to be dissociated: in fact, while a reduced response to FCS is present in all patients, the response to insulin seems to be correlated to the patient's equilibrium at the time of skin biopsy. PMID- 7028592 TI - Effects of liver and kidney on high molecular weight immunoreactive insulin (HWIRI), proinsulin (PI) and insulin (I) in man. PMID- 7028593 TI - Effect of Anti-Insulin Receptor Antibody on Insulin Dissociation from IM-9 lymphocytes. AB - Although anti-insulin receptor antibodies mimic insulin in many of its actions, antireceptor antibodies in serum from a diabetic patient did not share the property of insulin to produce negative cooperativity as defined by the Demeyts experiment. In contrast, an inhibition of insulin dissociation from IM-9 lymphoblastoid cells was observed after exposure to the antireceptor antibody. The capacity of this particular antireceptor antibody to attach to cells whose insulin receptors have been saturated suggests that the antibody may trap insulin by molecular hindrance. PMID- 7028594 TI - Transient effect of glucocorticoids on red blood cell insulin receptors. AB - The effect of oral administration of dexamethasone or cortisone on circulating red blood cell (RBC) insulin receptors was evaluated in normal males before treatment and 24 h (day 1), 48 h (day 2) and 72 h (day 3) after the commencement of steroid administration. Dexamethasone induced a slight significant decrease of insulin binding (p less than 0.05) on days 1 and 3, whereas cortisone did not. Cortisone, on the other hand, produced transient reduction (i.e. insulin binding lower than mean -2 SD of control values) in six subjects out of eight on days 1, 2 or 3 varying from subject to subject. Binding impairment was due mainly to reduced receptor affinity, even if slight reduction of receptor concentration was detectable. Qualitatively the present data agree that impaired insulin binding is due mainly to reduced receptor affinity; however, the effect of steroids on RBC is not significant and persistent as that on monocytes. The less marked effect of dexamethasone and cortisone on RBC versus monocytes indicates that receptor modifications may be tissue specific. PMID- 7028595 TI - Abnormal insulin secretion in adult canines. AB - Insulin secretion after intravenous administration of glucose was studied in fourteen dogs, twelve of which were four years of age or older. Based on several characteristics of insulin secretion kinetics, normal and impaired insulin responses were defined in the experimental subjects. Among those, five exhibited a marked depression of the initial stage of insulin release which was followed by a stage of relative hyperinsulinemia. Similarities between canine and human insulin secretion patterns were noted, and the potential usefulness of the procedure for the early detection of canine diabetes mellitus discussed. PMID- 7028596 TI - Effect of corticosterone upon response to L (-) leucine of isolated rats Langerhans islets. PMID- 7028597 TI - Inhibition of insulin release by the aminoglycoside antibiotic sisomycin. PMID- 7028598 TI - 10 'lessons' point the way toward successful hospital planning. PMID- 7028599 TI - Nephrogenic adenoma of the urinary bladder and urethra. AB - The histologic and ultrastructural features of nephrogenic adenomas of the urinary bladder and urethra were studied in multiple specimens obtained from eight patients. Three of these were studied by indirect immunofluorescence for Tamm-Horsfall uromucoprotein. The lesions are uncommon benign metaplastic proliferations of urothelium, occurring most frequently in males as small cystic, papillary, or nodular masses and most often presenting with hematuria. Typically the metaplastic tubules resemble nephronic tubules. A florid atypical and pseudoinfiltrative proliferation of these tubules may led to an erroneous diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. Ultrastructural features of proximal convoluted tubules were identified in some of the tubules, but resemblance to specific segments of distal tubules was less certain. The ultrastructural features combined with the absence of Tamm-Horsfall protein in tubular lumina or cells suggest a mesonephric rather than metanephric homology. The lesions are appropriately treated by transurethral resection or fulguration, but persistent lesions were present in three patients up to 18 yeas after initial treatment. PMID- 7028600 TI - The relation of islet amyloid to the clinical type of diabetes. AB - Islets were evaluated for the presence of amyloid deposits in 169 pancreases removed at autopsy. Islet amyloid occurred in 17 of 142 (12 per cent) of nondiabetics and in 16 of 27 (59 per cent) of diabetics. When diabetics were divided into categories according to clinical severity of disease, the insulin treated diabetics had the highest prevalence (89 per cent), the most diffuse distribution, and the most severe degree of islet amyloidosis. Amyloid was not found in any pancreases from subjects under 40 years of age. Above the age of 40, there was no correlation between aging and prevalence of islet amyloid. There was a significant association between severity of diabetes and prevalence of islet amyloid. The low prevalence of amyloid seen in nondiabetics and the fact that all adult onset, insulin treated diabetics had islet amyloid indicate that a reaction to endogenous insulin may be the basis for the deposition of islet amyloid. PMID- 7028601 TI - [Comparison of in vitro methods for the determination of the activity of fosfomycin with the efficacy determined in experimentally infected mice (author's transl)]. AB - Effective doses of fosfomycin against 17 strains of bacteria were determined in therapeutic experiments using infected mice. The peak serum levels obtained after administration of these doses were compared with the minimum inhibitory concentrations determined in vitro. Reasonable minimum inhibitory concentrations were obtained only with Mueller-Hinton agar containing glucose-6-phosphate: 1. Correlation of in vivo and in vitro efficacy is much better in comparison with the use of media without glucose-6-phosphate. 2. Minimum inhibitory concentrations below the levels obtained after therapeutic doses were found only in Mueller-Hinton agar containing glucose-6-phosphate. 3. Minimum inhibitory concentrations are better reproducible when determined on solid media than in broth. PMID- 7028602 TI - Delayed-type hypersensitivity and acquired resistance to plague in mice immunized with killed Yersinia pestis and immunoregulators. AB - A simple reproducible footpad assay of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to Yersinia pestis was studied in mice immunized with 5 x 10(7) heat killed (HK) Y. pestis alone or in conjunction with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), cyclophosphamide (CY), BCG, or both CY and BCG. The footpad reaction elicited with 5 x 10(6) HK Y. pestis was shown to peak at 24 hr, was transferable with immune T lymphocytes but not with serum and had the classical DTH histology, The highest level of DTH occurred 6 or 8 days after immunization, according to the immunomodulator used, and immunized mice were therefore challenged with viable Y. pestis at this time. No correlation was found between DTH level and resistance of mice; only groups immunized under the potentiating effect of BCG used alone or with CY were significantly protected against Y. pestis. Control groups pretreated with BCG or BCG pretreated and immunized with a large dose of an unrelated gram negative bacterium were as susceptible to Y. pestis infection as normal mice. To promote this protective immunity, BCG and HK Y. pestis, must be injected in an area that drains to a common lymph node. No antibody to Y. pestis was found in immunized protected mice pretreated with BCG and CY and a very low antibody titre was found in immunized mice pretreated only with BCG. This serum was unable to confer resistance on recipient mice but immune cell transfer decreased the number of Y. pestis counted in the spleens of recipients 36 hr after challenge. PMID- 7028604 TI - Bacteriological examination of the lower respiratory tract. PMID- 7028603 TI - Cleavage of membrane bound C3bi, an intermediate of the third component of complement, to C3c and C3d-like fragments by crude leucocyte lysosomal lysates and purified leucocyte elastase. AB - Partial degradation of the biologically-active major fragment of the third complement component (C3b) to C3bi is catalysed by the endopeptidase C3b inactivator (I) and its co-factor, beta 1H globulin (H). Complete degradation to the fragments C3c and C3d requires an additional protease, which can be simulated in vitro by trypsin. This study was designed to identify the in vivo correlate of trypsin. Purified and 125I-labelled C3b bound to sheep erythrocytes was used as substrate. Release of label into the supernate served as an index of proteolysis. The chain structure of the peptides in the supernate or remaining bound to the erythrocytes was assessed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Significant cleavage of cell-bound C3b was obtained by treatment with I, H and extracts from human peripheral blood leucocyte azurophil granules. Purified elastase also removed label in the presence of I and H. The peptide remaining on the cell had the characteristic 33K molecular weight of C3d. The activity of elastase in cleaving was blocked by alpha-1-anti-trypsin, the chloromethyl ketone, MeO-Suc Ala-Pro-Val-Ch2Cl and by rabbit antibody to elastase. Thus, elastase purified from azurophil granules of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) is a potent catalyst of the cleavage of C3bi to C3c- and C3d-like fragments and may contribute in vivo to the control of complement-mediated inflammation. PMID- 7028605 TI - Transbronchofiberscopic bronchial aspirate in lower respiratory tract infection. PMID- 7028606 TI - Antigenic competition between minor (non-H-2) histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 7028607 TI - Isolation and activation of inactive renin from human kidney and plasma. Plasma and renal inactive renins have different molecular weights. AB - Inactive renin and active renin from human kidney and human plasma were prepared in highly purified forms by three steps of chromatography on Octyl-Sepharose, immunoaffinity chromatography, and pepstatin-amino hexyl Sepharose CL-4B. The inactive renin and active renin from human kidney had molecular weights of 51,000 and 44,000 as measured by a calibrated gel filtration column run with internal molecular weight standards. Molecular weights of plasma inactive renin and active renin were 56,000 and 51,000 respectively. Both inactive and active renins were found to be heterogeneous, consisting of several components with different isoelectric points. Renal inactive renin has higher pI values of 6.40, 6.10, 5.90, 5.61, and 5.40. Renal active renin has pI values of 5.73, 5.40, 5.25, and 5.13. The pI values of plasma inactive renin were 6.37, 6.08, 5.77, 5.36, and 5.25; of plasma active renin, 5.68, 5.40, 5.33, and 5.25. Trypsin activation and plasmin activation of plasma inactive renin produced an active enzyme with similar molecular weight but lower pI values. Acid activation of inactive renin did not change the molecular weight and pI values. PMID- 7028608 TI - Effects of bromocriptine on responses to stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Treatment of 2-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive controls with the dopamine agonist, bromocriptine, for 7 days significantly affected hormonal responses to immobilization stress in both groups. However, basal blood pressures and pressor responses to immobilization stress were significantly reduced only in SHR. Basal levels of catecholamines were similar in the two groups of rats, but catecholamine responses to immobilization stress following saline (vehicle) treatment were marked greater in SHR; following bromocriptine treatment for 7 days, catecholamine responses were similar in the two groups. Basal serum prolactin levels and prolactin responses to immobilization were greater in SHR after saline treatment; after bromocriptine, they were similar in the two groups. Basal plasma renin activity (PRA)and PRA responses to immobilization were significantly less in SHR following saline treatment; after bromocriptine treatment these responses were paradoxically greater in SHR without being significantly changed in WKY. Basal levels of plasma aldosterone and corticosterone following saline were significantly greater, but responses to immobilization less, in SHR. Bromocriptine treatment decreased aldosterone and corticosterone responses to stress in WKY but paradoxically increased these responses in SHR. These results suggest that increased pressor responses to stress are dependent on heightened sympathetic nerve activity, perhaps secondary to decreased central dopaminergic activity. Increased basal prolactin levels and stress-mediated prolactin responses may be related to decreased central dopaminergic activity. Paradoxical PRA, plasma aldosterone, and corticosterone responses to stress following bromocriptine suggest altered dopaminergic modulation of these hormones in the SHR. PMID- 7028609 TI - Angiotensin I, II, and III in sheep. A model of angiotensin production and metabolism. AB - The arterial and central venous concentrations of angiotensin I (AI), Val5 angiotensin II ([Val5]AII), and Val5-angiotensin III ([Val5]AIII(2-8)) were quantitatively determined in conscious sheep before and after sodium depletion. All three angiotensins were elevated in blood with progressive sodium loss. During sodium deficiency the arteriovenous concentration ratios (A:V) of AI, [Val5]AII, and [Val5]AIII(2-8) were found to be 0.48 +/- 0.03 (n = 9), 1.30 +/- 0.05 (n = 16), and 1.52 +/- 0.05 (n = 11) respectively. Intravenous infusion of [Val5]AII or [Val5]AIII(2-8) significantly elevated the A:V of respective angiotensins, being 2.09 +/- 0.28 (n = 5) for [Val5]AII and 2.2 +/- 0.37 (n = 6) for [Val5]AIII(2-8). The blood clearance rates of exogenous [Val5]AII and [Val5]AIII(2-8) in sodium-depleted sheep were calculated to be 135 +/- 15 liter/hr (n = 10) and 140 +/- 13 liter/hr (n = 10) respectively. Based on these experimental data, a steady-state model of angiotensin metabolism was constructed. If it is assumed that endogenous arterial blood [Val5]AII and [Val5]AIII(2-8) cleared metabolically at a similar rate as exogenous arterial blood angiotensins, it can be calculated that at steady-state 55% of the arterial [Val5]AII concentration was derived from the peripheral vascular bed. For [Val5]AIII(2-8), 63% of the arterial concentration was derived from the pulmonary circulation. The concentration of [Val5]AIII(2-8) in arterial blood was 42% of [Val5]AII. PMID- 7028610 TI - DOCA test for aldosteronism: its usefulness and implications. AB - Experience with the DOCA test (measurement of urinary excretion of aldosterone before and after 3 days of administration of 10 mg deoxycorticosterone acetate [DOCA] intramuscularly every 12 hours while on high sodium intake) is presented in 129 hypertensive patients to define its usefulness in discriminating between autonomous and nonautonomous production of aldosterone. All patients who did not have primary aldosteronism had a decrease in urinary excretion of aldosterone to values within the normal range, with a greater than 30% fall from control values. Patients with an aldosterone-producing adenoma had a 5.7% fall and those with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism had a 9.9% fall. Sodium retention was limited in these patients when compared with that in normal subjects. The least retention occurred in patients with an aldosterone-producing adenoma, whereas patients with low-renin essential hypertension retained more sodium than any other hypertensive group; the latter required greater sodium retention than those with normal-renin essential hypertension to produce a similar decrease in urinary aldosterone. Sodium retention correlated significantly with the percent fall in urinary aldosterone only in the low-renin essential hypertension group. Serum potassium levels fell in all groups. Changes in serum potassium levels and plasma renin concentration did not correlate with changes in urinary aldosterone excretion. The DOCA test is effect in discriminating between primary aldosteronism and other causes of hypertension. It also demonstrates that in hypertensive patients small changes in sodium retention reduce aldosterone excretion. PMID- 7028611 TI - Renin-like activity in the rat brain during the development of DOC-salt hypertension. AB - Levels and distribution of an angiotensin-forming enzyme, active at the physiological pH (isorenin), were determined in the central nervous system of 24 rats treated with 25 mg/kg of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) subcutaneously, twice a week, plus saline to drink during 30 days and in 14 control animals. Different areas of the brain were excised and homogenized. Renin activity and concentration were determined by incubation of the supernatant of each homogenate at pH 7.2 alone and in the presence of an excess of renin substrate. The angiotensin generated was measured by radioimmunoassay. Concentration of the renin-like enzyme was significantly higher in the posterior hypophysis and in the brain stem of the experimental group; isorenin activity was higher in the hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem of the DOC-salt-treated rats than in the control rats. Changes in the angiotensin-forming enzyme in the central nervous system of experimental animals, active at physiological pH, suggest that this isorenin system may play a role in the physiological response to DOC-salt in the rat. The significance of the brain isorenin system in the regulation of blood pressure requires further analysis. PMID- 7028612 TI - Role of the anteroventral third ventricle region and the renin angiotensin system in methylprednisolone hypertension. AB - Methylprednisolone (M, 10 mg/kg/week subcutaneously) was administered to cause hypertension in rats, and the role of AV3V region was assessed before and after development of the hypertensive state. Participation of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) was evaluated by changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) induced by administration of saralasin (S, 10 micron g/kg/min i.v.) or captopril (C, 20 mg/kg/p.o).aAnaAV3V lesion before M administration partially prevented and delayed the beginning appearance of M hypertension. Furthermore, a prior AV3V lesion abolished an angiotensin II (AII)-dependent pressor component normally identified by S and C administration in this type of hypertension. During the maintenance phase of the hypertension, an AV3V lesion caused a partial reduction in blood pressure. A spontaneous disappearance of a vasoconstrictor component mediated by AII was observed in the late phases of M hypertension. It is concluded that the AV3V region is essential to the full development and maintenance of M hypertension in the rat. Also in this model, integrity of the AV3V area is essential to the expression of the AII-mediated pressor component. Finally it is apparent tha M can cause hypertension even in the absence of the AV3V area or during chronic renin angiotensin blockade, indicating multiple pathogenetic mechanisms in this experimental model. PMID- 7028614 TI - Angiotensin I, II, and II tachyphylaxis in the mesenteric vascular circuit of the rat. AB - Angiotensin tachyphylaxis is rapidly induced in the mesenteric vascular circuit of the rat perfused with a saline solution. there is crossed tachyphylaxis among angiotensins (AI, AII, and AIII). The angiotensin antagonist Sar 1-Ileu 8-AII is ineffective when the vascular preparation is previously rendered tachyphylactic to AII, showing that the AII receptors are not available during tachyphylaxis. This finding supports the theory that angiotensin tachyphylaxis is caused by receptor occupancy by the agonist. By perfusing the vascular preparation with aII solutions that were too diluted to produce vasoconstriction, tachyphylaxis to AII was induced. Therefore, AII receptors can be slowly saturated without producing vasoconstriction. The recoveries of the vasoconstrictor effect of AII and AIII at 30 and 60 minutes after tachyphylaxis are similar; thus, the dissociation constants of the AII- and AIII-receptor complexes should be alike. After three bolus injections of AI, the vascular preparation is completely refractory to AI, AII, and AIII. When the conversion of AI to AII is inhibited with captopril, AI no longer induces tachyphylaxis to AII and AIII. Thus, tachyphylaxis to AII and AIII induced by AI seems to be due not to the occupancy of AII receptors by AI but to the AII formation from AI "in situ." PMID- 7028613 TI - Catecholamines and serotonin in the area postrema of normal and sodium-depleted dogs. AB - Sodium depletion, a maneuver that is accompanied by a 14-fold elevation of plasma renin activity (PRA), alters the norepinephrine concentration of the canine area postrema (AP), a circumventricular organ of the 4th ventricle known to be sensitive to circulating angiotensin II. The norepinephrine concentration of the AP after 3 weeks of sodium depletion decreased by 43%, whereas the concentration of epinephrine and dopamine and the activity of phenylethanolamine-N methyltransferase (PNMT) did not change. In the pyramidal tract (PT) and choroid plexus (CP) catecholamines were present in significantly lower amounts than in the AP; their concentrations were unaffected by sodium depletion in the PT, but in the CP the norepinephrine concentration was reduced. Serotonin was present in the AP but its concentration was unaltered by sodium depletion. These findings provide evidence that sodium depletion produced an alteration in the concentration of norepinephrine of the area postrema without any change in the concentration of epinephrine, dopamine or serotonin. PMID- 7028615 TI - Etiology of essential hypertension. AB - It is not possible to understand the etiology of hypertension without considering the role of inheritance. Epidemiological evidence indicates that the development of high blood pressure in the population at large depends on the interaction of different types of genes and several environmental influences. The sources of genetic variation in blood pressure distribution are polygenes, polymorphic genes, and dominant idiomorphic genes. The main environmental sources are weight gain, excess salt (Na) intake, and psychosocial stress. Only those individuals with a specific genetic predisposition may develop high blood pressure when exposed to excessive environmental influences. PMID- 7028616 TI - Dr. Hector Croxatto Rezzio, Researcher and Scholar. Honorary President of the IV scientific meeting of the InterAmerican Society of Hypertension. PMID- 7028617 TI - Antihypertensive effect of transplant of rat kidney or its unclipping. Hemodynamic effects and control mechanisms. AB - The acute transplantation of a normal kidney into a recipient rat with Goldblatt one-kidney, one clip hypertension (1K1C) results in a blood pressure (BP) fall toward but not below normal levels within 1 hour. Removal of the clip in a 1K1C hypertensive rat also normalizes the BP rapidly. These changes are not mediated by external fluid loss and occur after indomethacin pretreatment, but are associated with a fall in cardiac output. The mechanism of release of a depressor secretion from the kidney transplant appears to be under barostatic control. Thus, transplanting a kidney into a hypertensive recipient caused a prompt BP decline, whereas transplanting an SHR kidney into a hypertensive recipient did not lower the BP. The prompt BP fall seen after unclipping also indicates that abrupt exposure of the kidney to a high perfusion pressure initiates the release of some depressor agent. When the recipient rat was made hypertensive by injecting renin, the kidney transplant did not lower the BP. When angiotensin in subpressor dose was infused into the renal artery of the kidney transplant, the BP of the recipient did not fall, whereas infusion of norepinephrine in equiconstrictor doses did not prevent the depressor response. These experiments suggest that, in addition to a barostatic stimulus for depressor release, angiotensin acts as a specific inhibitor. PMID- 7028618 TI - Initial mechanisms in hypertension after bilateral renal ischemia in the rat. AB - Cumulative water- and electrolyte balance, plasma creatinine (PC), plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary prostaglandins (PGs) E2, and F2alpha and kallikrein (K) were studied in 40 male Wistar CHbb THOM rats (250 +/- 4 g SE). A solid silver clip (0.25 mm lumen) was applied to both renal arteries in 18 animals; 13 rats were sham-operated and nine remained intact. The analyses were performed during a control period and up to 10 days after surgery. Blood pressure (BP) recorded on the 10th and 12th day of the study increased significantly in clipped rats with respect to sham rats (p less than 0.001);PC and PRA measured on the 11th day were not significantly different. A positive cumulative water "balance" )p less than 0.01) and sodium balance (p less than 0.02) was found in clipped rats when compared with sham rats in the first 5 days of the experimental period. Significantly higher values of PGE2 urinary excretion were observed in sham rats vs clipped rats on the 2nd and 5th day after surgery (p less than 0.02). On the 2nd day after surgery, K urinary excretion was significantly lower in clipped rats than in sham rats (p less than 0.02). No significant changes were observed in PGF2alpha excretion. The absence of significant difference in PRA 10 days after bilateral renal artery stenosis points to a lack of any fundamental role of circulating angiotensin II at this stage of the development of hypertension. The significant water- and salt retention in the first 5 days after clipping suggests that it might be involved in the pathogenesis of this model. Early changes in PGs E2 and F2alpha and K appear to be related more to intrarenal adjustments soon after surgery than to the increase in BP. PMID- 7028619 TI - Blood pressure and prolactin: effects of guanfacine. Three-year follow-up study. AB - Serum prolactin was measured in 76 patients with essential hypertension: 47.4% had elevated serum prolactin, and those with organ damage had presented higher prolactin than those with Phase I (WHO) hypertension. The effect of prolonged treatment (3 years) with guanfacine, an alpha-adrenoceptor stimulant drug, on blood pressure levels, heart rate, and prolactin was evaluated in 15 patients with moderate essential hypertension (WHO: Phase II) and hyperprolactinemia. Treatment produced a marked reduction in blood pressure levels and heart rate. Guanfacine decreased serum prolactin significantly (p less than 0.001), and the inhibition persisted during the 3-year follow-up. The daily dosage of guanfacine did not have to be changed during the 3 years of treatment. Side effects of guanfacine were only observed during the first 3-4 months of therapy. The hypotensive effect of guanfacine was increased by the administration of a diuretic, a vasodilator, or a beta-adrenergic blocking drug. The results indicate that guanfacine administered alone or in combination is an effective drug for treatment of patients with essential hypertension. The inhibitory effect of guanfacine on prolactin suggests that hypothalamic or extrahypothalamic adrenergic pathways may participate in the regulation of prolactin secretion. PMID- 7028620 TI - Control of renin release in isolated rat glomeruli. AB - Glomeruli were isolated from rat kidneys using a passive sieving technique to study the mechanisms of basal and beta-adrenergic stimulated renin release. Glomeruli were enclosed within glass chambers and continuously superfused with Krebs media, or modified Krebs as described below, at a rate of 0.3 ml/min. The chamber effluent was collected in 10-minute fractions and measured for renin concentration (ng angiotensin I (A-1 generated) by radioimmunoassay. Basal renin was approximately 3 ng AI/ml/hr. Beta-adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol (ISO), 178 micron M, increased renin concentration threefold (11 +/- 2 ng AI). The beta-blocker propranolol at 12 micron M halved ISO-stimulated renin, and at 120 micron M eliminated it. Doubling Krebs sodium concentration (280 mM) had no effect upon basal or ISO-stimulated renin release. Pretreating rast with DOCA and a high salt diet significantly reduced basal and abolished ISO-stimulated renin release. Increasing Krebs calcium (10 mM) did not affect basal but abolished ISO stimulated renin release. Calcium-free Krebs had no significant effects. Increasing Krebs potassium (50 mM) increased basal renin fourfold (14 ng AI) while the absolute increase from basal due to ISO remained the same (23 ng AI). These results suggest that basal renin and ISO-stimulated renin are released via different mechanisms. PMID- 7028621 TI - Malignant hypertension: a syndrome associated with low plasma kininogen and kinin potentiating factor. AB - Plasma levels of kininogen, kallikrein, and prekallikrein were determined in patients with malignant hypertension (MH) and compared to normotensive controls (NC) and patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (EH). Also, a recently described kinin potentiating factor (KPF) was estimated by dividing the value of kininogen determined by trypsin (Kgn-Try) by that of kininogen determined by human urinary kallikrein (Kgn-HuUk). No significant alterations were detected among plasma values of pre-kallikrein and kallikrein of MH as compared to NC. However, Kgn-HuUK values were significantly lower in MH (1.9 +/- 0.3 micron gLBK/ml) as compared to EH and NC (2.7 +/- 0.1 micron gLBK/ml and 3.0 +/- 0.2 micron gLBK/ml respectively, p less than 0.05). Furthermore, KPF values were also low (p less than 0.05) in MH (1.6 +/- 0.3) when compared with similar values obtained in EH and NC (3.0 +/- 0.2 and 2.8 +/- 0.1, respectively). Adequate control of blood pressure levels for 90 days in MH group caused no significant alterations in plasma levels of kininogen and KPF. It is suggested that diminished kininogen levels as well as a decrease in a kinin potentiation KPF that is generated in plasma by trypsin may be involved in the pathogenesis of human malignant hypertension. PMID- 7028622 TI - Urinary kallikrein and plasma renin activity in normal human pregnancy. AB - Urinary kallikrein excretion (UK), plasma renin activity (PRA), and 24-hour urine volume, sodium, and potassium excretion rates were determined sequentially in 16 normal pregnant women. Throughout gestation, UK was significantly elevated as compared to values obtained in 13 control women (1466 +/- 152 vs 375 +/- 90 U/g creatinine). The highest level was observed in Period 2 of gestation, corresponding to Weeks 17 to 24. PRA was also significantly elevated during pregnancy (11.97 +/- 1,35 vs 1.06 +/- 0.90 ng/ml/hr), with the highest level in Period 2. Mean 24-hour urine volume, sodium, and potassium excretion rates were significantly higher during pregnancy. Nor correlation was found between UK and: PRA, urine volume, and sodium and potassium excretions. These findings indicate a consistent activation of the renal-kallikrein-kinin system during pregnancy. We postulate that this vasodilator system might play a role in the maintenance of normotension in pregnancy, counteracting tha effect of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system. PMID- 7028623 TI - Effect of intracerebroventricular captopril on vasopressin and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - In conscious, unrestrained spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) increased from a pretreatment value of 150 +/- 4 to 179 +/- 7mm Hg within 10 min (p less than 0.01) following an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of captopril (2 mg/kg body weight), and the plasma vasopressin concentration was increased eightfold (p less than 0.01). MAP than fell to 131 +/ 5 mm Hg at 120 minutes (p less than 0.01), and plasma vasopressin concentration returned to pretreatment levels. The initial increase in MAP was due in large part to increased plasma vasopressin levels since this increase was reduced 50% by pre-treatment with a specific antagonist of the pressor action of vasopressin. The reduction in MAP at 120 minutes in captopril-treated rats may been nonspecific, since a similar effect was observed in SHR given an i.c.v. injection of a control solution. In (Wistar-Kyoto) WKY rats, i.c.v. captopril was without a statistically significant effect on MAP, but the plasma vasopressin concentration increased three-fold (p less than 0.01). These findings may reflect an increased sensitivity of the control system for vasopressin release in the SHR. PMID- 7028624 TI - Possible mechanism of prostaglandin-induced renal vasoconstriction in the rat. AB - We studied the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the vasoconstrictor effect induced by prostaglandins (PG) on the renal microcirculation in 25 euvolemic Munich-Wistar rats. Infusions of subvasodepressor doses of PgE2 and PGI2 led to lower mean values for single nephron (SN) glomerular filtration rate (GFR), total kidney GFR, glomerular plasma flow rate, QA, and ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf) than were found in animals given vehicle alone (control group). On the other hand, the mean values for glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference, delta P, and total renal arteriolar resistance, RTA, tended to be higher in the experimental groups. The effects of PGI2 on the renal microcirculation were more pronounced than for PGE2. These increases in delta P and RTA and decreases in QA and Kf are typical of changes induced by angiotensin II (AII). To further explore this AII-like phenomenon, an infusion of saralasin, a competitive AII antagonist, was used. Indeed, when saralasin was infused together with either PGE 2 or PGI2 the previously noted effects on delta P, QA, RTA and Kf were largely abolished. Thus, saralasin transformed the renal action of PGE2 and PGI2 from vasoconstrictor (low QA, high RTA) to vasodilator (high QA and low RTA). Therefore, the effects of nonvasodepressor doses of PGE2 and PGI2 on the renal microcirculation appear to depend on an intermediate action of AII. PMID- 7028625 TI - Human neutrophil swelling induced by immune complexes and aggregated IgG. AB - Using a Coulter counter method, the effects of various types of IgG-dependent phagocytic stimuli on human neutrophil (PMN) swelling were determined. Human heat aggregated IgG, ovalbumin-antiovalbumin (OV-anti-OV) immune complexes, and opsonized latex particles all induced PMN swelling. The OV-anti-OV immune complexes were effective, whether prepared at antigen-antibody equivalence (insoluble) or at 4 or 9 times antigen excess (soluble). Swelling of PMN occurred at 37 degrees C, but not at 4 degrees C. Complement was not present in any of the experiments. In contrast to the above results, native IgG, OV-anti-OV F(ab')2 immune complexes and unopsonized latex particles did not induce PMN swelling. These results suggest that the PMN swelling observed in this study is due to Fc dependent, complement-independent membrane stimulation and/or phagocytosis. PMID- 7028626 TI - Diflunisal in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In an eight-week double-blind study comparing the new long-acting aspirin derivative, diflunisal, in doses up to 1 g/day with aspirin in doses up to 4 g/day in 16 patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis, diflunisal was more effective in reducing the total articular index (Ritchie) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate and in increasing grip strength. Diflunisal had an earlier effect on erythrocyte sedimentation rate than antiinflammatory doses of aspirin. Patients on diflunisal experienced fewer side effects than patients on aspirin. Ten patients with rheumatoid arthritis who previously participated in the eight-week study comparing diflunisal to aspirin (five patients from each group) were continued on 1 g diflunisal per day for six months. The efficacy of diflunisal therapy persisted during a six-month period, and there were no side effects. The switchover from 4g aspirin to 1g diflunisal a day was accompanied by further improvement in the Ritchie total score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and grip strength and by disappearance of side effects. Diflunisal 1 g/day proved to be an efficient and well-tolerated drug in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7028627 TI - [Adjusting the metallic partial denture on the master model]. PMID- 7028628 TI - Serum antibody and opsonic responses after immunization with pneumococcal vaccine in kidney transplant recipients and controls. AB - We immunized 31 renal transplant patients and 6 control subjects with a pneumococcal vaccine containing 14 capsular polysaccharides. Antibody levels to Streptococcus pneumoniae types 3 and 6A were measured by a radioimmunoassay, and opsonic activity to S. pneumoniae types 3 and 6B was determined by using a luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence phagocytic assay on serum samples obtained before and 1 month after immunization. There was a 10.2-fold and a 2.9-fold increase in antibody to S. pneumoniae type 3 (P less than 0.005) and type 6A (P less than 0.01), respectively, but only a 1.3-fold (P greater than 0.05) and 1.1 fold (P greater than 0.05) increase in opsonic activity. For S. pneumoniae type 3, changes in opsonic activity correlated well with antibody concentration (P less than 0.05). However, for S. pneumoniae type 6, these two tests correlated poorly (P greater than 0.05). This poor correlation suggests that concentrations of antibody to type 6A polysaccharide which are achieved after immunization may not be opsonically active in vitro against S. pneumoniae type 6B. PMID- 7028629 TI - Modified method for studying bacterial adhesion to isolated uroepithelial cells and uromucoid. AB - Several problems have been encountered with the application of published methods for the study of bacterial adherence to isolated uroepithelial cells. Of particular importance is the observation that urinary mucus traps some organisms but not others. Established techniques have been modified to overcome these difficulties and so allow a distinction to be made between adherence of bacteria to uromucoid and adherence to uroepithelial cells per se. The modified method was used to assess the ability of 34 urinary isolates of Escherichia coli to adhere to uroepithelial cells, uromucoid, or both after serial subculture in nutrient broth. The ability of the organisms to produce mannose-sensitive (MS) agglutination of guinea pig erythrocytes and mannose-resistant (MR) agglutination of human erythrocytes was tested simultaneously and taken to indicate possession of MS type 1 fimbriae andated MR fimbriae, respectively. Results revealed that only MS-positive organisms adhered to uromucoid (P less than 0.001), whereas MR positive strains showed significantly greater attachment to uroepithelial cells than did MR-negative strains (P less than 0.05). These observations demand that published data derived from the use of a methodology in which no differentiation can be made between adherence to uromucoid and adherence to cells should be interpreted with caution. PMID- 7028630 TI - In vitro production of an extracellular protease by Legionella pneumophila. AB - Extracellular protease activity was measured in liquid cultures of representative strains from six serotypes of Legionella pneumophila. A variety of substrates were degraded, including denatured casein, skim milk, gelatin, and hide powder azure, but not elastin. PMID- 7028631 TI - The Significance of the nitroblue-tetrazolium test in cerebrospinal fluid granulocytes in bacterial and abacterial meningitis. AB - The reaction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) granulocytes in the nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT test) was evaluated. In a previous study, methodological problems were resolved, and the method developed by Park et al, was modified to suit the special conditions of the CSF. Thirty-eight CSF specimens from 26 patients were analysed. It appears that NBT test results with CSF granulocytes are significantly positive--according to the criteria developed by Park for blood granulocytes--when bacterial meningitis is present. If the cause of the pleocytosis is not bacterial in nature, then the test results are negative in most cases, provided that the CSF sample contains little or no blood. The NBT test in bloody CSF may produce positive results no matter what the cause of the pleocytosis. Our results suggest that the NBT test is a general, non-specific indicator of granulocyte stimulation. It reflects the ability of granulocytes to react to a stress situation of the organism. Bacterial infection results in a conspicuously large number of stimulated (i.e. NBT positive) granulocytes. PMID- 7028632 TI - Disseminated aspergillosis treated with amphotericin B and surgery in a boy with chronic granulomatous disease. AB - A case of systemic infection caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in a seven-year-old boy suffering from chronic granulomatous disease is described. The fungus had infiltrated his lungs, his left foot and the popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes. Amphotericin B, 1 mg/kg daily, was given for three months via a central venous catheter, Progressive anaemia made amputation of his left leg necessary. The bone tissue was heavily infiltrated with fungal elements. The regional lymph nodes were also resected because of fungal growth. After six months no fungi were found in liver aspirates taken on account of liver abscesses due to Staphylococcus aureus. The combined medical and surgical approach resulted in complete eradication of the Aspergillus infection, as verified by the disappearance of Aspergillus precipitins. PMID- 7028633 TI - A new look at the aetiology of urinary infection. PMID- 7028634 TI - The antibacterial activity of hexamine (methenamine), hexamine hippurate and hexamine mandelate. AB - The antibacterial activity of hexamine and two of its organic acid salts was compared by continuous turbidimetric monitoring of static cultures exposed to the drugs and in an in vitro model of the treatment of bacterial cystitis. At pH 5.5, concentrations of 32 to 125 mg hexamine per 1 caused some inhibition of bacterial growth, but 250 to 500 mg/l were needed to suppress growth overnight. Hexamine hippurate was found to be less active than hexamine itself, whereas hexamine mandelate was as active as the parent compound. The antibacterial effect was not inoculum dependent over the range 10(6) to 10(8) bacteria per ml, but the activity observed in pooled urine was rather less than that found in broth at the same pH. When a dense bacterial culture was exposed to changing concentrations of hexamine compounds in the bladder model, a 1 g dose infused over a 12-hour period suppressed bacterial growth for 16 to 20 hours. No systematic difference was found in the activity of the three hexamine compounds, but a similar effect was achieved by a very much lower concentration of ampicillin. PMID- 7028635 TI - A combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in the treatment of respiratory tract infections caused by amoxicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae. AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a fixed combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in 33 patients with chronic or recurrent respiratory tract infections (R.T.I.), mainly bronchitis. In two patients bronchopneumonia was diagnosed, and in one cystic fibrosis. The patients were treated with 750 mg of the drug combination (500 mg amoxicillin/250 mg clavulanic acid) t. i. d. for seven or ten days. Good clinical success was obtained in 17 patients and a clear improvement in another eight. The most frequently isolated micro-organism was Haemophilus influenzae; of the 22 strains isolated, 20 were resistant to 2 mg/l amoxicillin but sensitive to the combination of 2 mg/l amoxicillin and 1 mg/l clavulanic acid. Side-effects were reported in nine patients; two patients discontinued treatment for this reason. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid is a useful therapeutic addition to the existing forms of treatment for amoxicillin-resistant respiratory tract infections. PMID- 7028637 TI - Neuromuscular problems in the orofacial region: aetiology and organic pathology. AB - Psychological factors play a significant role in the aetiology of functional disorders of the masticatory system but the pain-dysfunction symptoms can mostly be explained with musculoskeletal tissue changes. In the jaw muscles inflammatory responses are frequently caused by muscular hyperactivity. The temporomandibular joint may be affected by many diseases of which osteoarthrosis is probably the most common. A pathologic process in the temporomandibular joint proper is often a cause of pain and dysfunction of the masticatory system, and this may be true even without radiographic evidence of structural changes. PMID- 7028638 TI - Psychological stress in orofacial neuromuscular problems. AB - Several forms of treatment for orofacial neuromuscular problems are based on the hypothesis that muscle hyperactivity due to psychological stress is a key factor in the aetiology. This paper reviews the evidence for this belief and describes the results of a study of muscular activity over a prolonged period by means of a portable battery powered electromyographic recording apparatus. In earlier studies of nocturnal masseter muscle activity ther was found a correlation between nocturnal bruxism and reports of stress. More recent studies covering activity for 24 hours per day have suggested that periods of muscle hyperactivity are correlated with specific daily activities but that there is great variability between patients. It is not yet possible to determine whether the patient's report of anxiety is the result or the cause of the orofacial muscular pain problem. It is evident that other parameters require evaluation. PMID- 7028636 TI - Short-term treatment of lower urinary tract infections in children with trimethoprim/sulphadiazine. AB - In a prospective study, 43 children between three months and 16 years of age and suffering from an acute infection of the lower urinary tract, were treated for either three or ten days with 4/16 mg trimethoprim/sulphadiazine/kgBW/day in two doses. Twenty-three were allotted to treatment for three days, whereas 20 were treated for ten days. Irrespective of the duration of therapy, the urine of all patients was sterile when urinary cultures were made three to seven days after the cessation of therapy. An early recurrence within the two months following the completion of treatment occurred in two children in each treatment group. In no case of recurrence was the organism resistant to trimethoprim/sulphadiazine. During a mean follow-up period of 11 months, 21.7% of the children treated for three days and 35% of those treated for ten days experienced a recurrence. The results suggest that children with an uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection can be successfully treated with a three-day course of trimethoprim/sulphadiazine in a conventional dosage. PMID- 7028639 TI - Neuromuscular problems in the orofacial region: diagnosis-classification, signs and symptoms. AB - In the light of recent findings, it is clear that organic changes in the tissues of the temporomandibular joint commonly occur simultaneously with neuromuscular problems. It is suggested that the term "masticatory disorder' should be adopted in order that diagnosis will fully reflect this inter-relationship. Patients with masticatory disorders will exhibit one or more of the following signs and symptoms: (a) pain and tenderness in the region of the masticatory muscles and TMJ, (b) incoordination and sounds during condylar movement and (c) limitation of mandibular movement. Diagnosis which relies solely on subjective symptoms is incomplete and the progressive nature of the condition requires careful attention to the prognosis. A diagnostic classification of masticatory disorders is given in Table II and the characteristics of each of the conditions listed is described in greater detail in the text. PMID- 7028640 TI - The value of self-applied fluorides at home. AB - Dental research workers from several scientific disciplines have combined over the years to give much greater insight into the basic mechanisms whereby fluoride protects the teeth against dental decay. These basic investigations have enabled clinical research workers to test new fluoride delivery systems rationally rather than empirically, and it now seems that two entirely different modes need to be combined to form maximum protection. First, fluoride ions need to be introduced at the correct level into the forming enamel crystals during tooth development; secondly, fluoride ions need to be present at optimal concentrations at the plague-enamel interface during active carious attack. Both these situations require low levels of fluoride concentration to be delivered to the subject at very regular intervals. Water fluoridation is the best method of achieving this situation, but in the absence of this important public health measure, dental scientists have developed a battery of other vehicles which, when used on a daily basis at home, will have a considerable impact on caries activity. While further work continues to improve the effectiveness of these techniques, enough has been achieved already to encourage their use by the general public. What are required now are the necessary skills in health politics and behavioral science to gain public acceptance and application of these endeavours. PMID- 7028641 TI - Increased multiclonal antibody-forming cell activity in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE. AB - 21 patients with criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 12 normal controls were studied for their spontaneous circulating IgM and IgG plaque forming cells (PFCs) reactive against sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and against a panel of five haptens. Quantitatively defined active and mildly active SLE patients had significantly elevated IgM- and IgG-producing PFCs in their peripheral blood reactive with the panel of five chemically defined haptens. Those patients having inactive SLE also showed increased circulating IgM PFCs. Significant elevations in circulating hapten-reactive PFCs were found to correlate progressively with disease activity in the inactive, mildly active, and active SLE patient groups. Circulating IgM- and IgG-secreting PFC reactive against SRBC were both significantly elevated only in those patients with active SLE. The data support the concept that SLE patients have a generalized increase in B cell activity against a broad repertoire of determinants, even those ostensibly unrelated to natural tissue antigens. PMID- 7028642 TI - Migration of fluoresceinated pig lymphocytes in vivo: technical aspects and use in studies of autologous and homologous cell survival for up to three weeks. AB - Optimum conditions were determined for FITC and RITC labelling of pig blood lymphocytes with bright fluorescence and high viability and for their enumeration during their long survival after infusion in vivo. For at least 9 days, FITZ labelled autologous lymphocytes and lymphocytes from MHC-identical donors showed no detectable difference in patterns of survival in the blood. After initial equilibration with extra-vascular lymphoid tissues, the fall-off suggested the expected presence of populations with a variety of life-spans, with some autologous labelled lymphocytes surviving beyond 3 weeks. A trace of cytotoxic antibody specific for labelled cells developed in these pigs later and could be boosted by a further FITC-labelled cell infusion. PMID- 7028643 TI - Antibody responses in man after single or repeated treatment with intramuscular ampicillin. AB - Antibody responses to the penicilloyl moiety were recorded in patients treated intramuscularly with ampicillin for respiratory infections. For practical reasons this was performed at two clinics. At each clinic, two commercially available ampicillin preparations were used in a single-blind, randomised study. One of the preparations at each clinic was of high-grade purity and the other was slightly contaminated, according to a radioimmunoassay. There was the same heterogeneity in the patient material between the two clinics. The results showed a slight but significant (p less than 0.001) increase in IgM penicilloyl antibodies in the group of patients treated with the pure penicillin but not in those treated with the contaminated penicillin. When the patients in the two studies were analysed jointly, the increase in IgM antibodies was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) in the group treated with pure penicillin than in that treated with impure penicillin. The difference in antibody formation between the patient groups treated with pure or contamined ampicillin at each clinic was not significant, however. An immunological activity of the impurities suppressing the IgM antibody response is suggested. PMID- 7028644 TI - Radiation resistivity of frozen insulin solutions and suspensions. PMID- 7028645 TI - Operations research and nurse staffing. PMID- 7028646 TI - Double-blind study of glaucine in chronic cough. AB - Thirty-eight patients, affected by chronic cough and hospitalized in 14 different rooms, entered a double-blind cross-over trial aimed at evaluating efficacy and tolerance of single oral doses of glaucine (eo mg) versus single oral doses of codeine (30 mg) and placebo. Patients occupying the same room were administered on 3 consecutive nights, and an objective evaluation of efficacy was ensured by means of a tape recorded. The mean cough counts during the 8-h interval after drug administration were 269.3 after placebo, 241.8 after glaucine, and 201.9 after codeine (p less than 0.05). The antitussive effects of glaucine and codeine were practically superimposable up to the 6th h, when glaucine effect declined. Treatments were well tolerated by all the patients, they themselves were not able to detect any difference in cough suppression among the three treatments. PMID- 7028647 TI - Lymphotoxin: properties, role and mode of action. PMID- 7028648 TI - Levamisole--a general pharmacological perspective. PMID- 7028649 TI - Trends in occupational health and safety policy in Italy. AB - Experience with and reflections on the interaction among the workplace, the society, and various institutions in the area of occupational health have played an important role in the general political debate in Italy since the 1960s. This paper describes the emergence of the worker's model of investigation into health hazards, an element unique to the Italian experience, and analyzes its impact on the organization of work, government policies, health institutions, and scientific research. PMID- 7028650 TI - Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. Approaches to therapy. AB - Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina is caused by deficient activity of ornithine ketoacid aminotransferase, a pyridoxal phosphate dependent enzyme. Besides the typical eye findings, abnormalities have been found on muscle biopsy, electro-encephalography, electromyography and electrocardiography, establishing this as a generalized disorder. Ornithine is markedly elevated in plasma and other body fluids. Plasma lysine, glutamate, glutamine and creatine are reduced. The possible contributions of these biochemical disturbances to the pathogenesis of gyrate atrophy are discussed. The disease is one of the few examples of an inherited chorioretinal dystrophy whose underlying biochemical defect is known. It therefore offers a unique opportunity to develop and test rational approaches to therapy. These include lowering of the abnormally high ornithine by dietary restriction of its precursor arginine, facilitation of ornithine excretion by administration of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, replacement of deficient products such as lysine or creatine, or increasing residual enzyme activity by high levels of cofactor (vitamin B6). The results of several studies employing such approaches to therapy are presented as well as preliminary indications of possible benefit in a few patients. PMID- 7028651 TI - Retinitis pigmentosa and allied diseases: applications of electroretinographic testing. AB - Electroretinograms (ERGs) have provided criteria for establishing the diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa in early life even at a time when fundus abnormalities visible with the ophthalmoscope are minimal or absent. Patients with widespread progressive forms of retinitis pigmentosa have shown not only reduced amplitudes but also delays in cone or rod b-wave implicit times, or both, while patients with self-limited sector retinitis pigmentosa or stationary forms of night blindness have had reduced amplitudes with normal b-wave implicit times. In families with retinitis pigmentosa ERGs can be used not only to identify which patients are affected but also to establish which patients are normal as those patients, age 6 and over, with normal cone and rod amplitudes and normal cone and rod b-wave implicit times have not been observed to develop primary retinitis pigmentosa at a later time. ERGs from patients with retinitis pigmentosa and allied night blinding disorders are presented to show their usefulness in genetic typing, documenting natural; histories, and defining possible pathogenetic mechanisms. The potential application of the ERG in evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic trials is also considered. PMID- 7028652 TI - Conversion of potentially lethal damage to lethal damage in Escherichia coli inhibited by caffeine. AB - In E. coli cells with potentially lethal damage to their DNA are starved of amino acids they rapidly lose viability (Koukalova and Kuhrova 1980). This phenomenon is called secondary lethality (SL). In the course of secondary lethality there is a decrease in the molecular weight of DNA to a value on average three times lower (DNA fragmentation, and part of the DNA is reduced to acid-soluble fractions (DNA degradation). Caffeine inhibits SL, and both these processes of DNA decay, The lowest effective concentration 5 mg/ml, with maximum effect at a concentration of 10 mg/ml. SL is also inhibited by the absence of an energy source. The possible mechanism of SL is discussed on the basis of these results. PMID- 7028653 TI - Is the major part of the photoreactivable lethal damage induced in Escherichia coli by X-or gamma-rays due to Cerenkov ultraviolet radiation emitted by secondary electrons? PMID- 7028654 TI - Clinical, epidemiologic and microbiologic features of a persistent outbreak of amikacin-resistant Serratia marcescens. AB - This article describes a prolonged outbreak (January 1977 to February 1980) of amikacin-resistant Serratia marcescens (ARSM) urinary infections and the methods used for its control. Significant factors predisposing to ARSM urinary tract infection included an extended hospital stay, being in the urology ward, and undergoing urologic surgery. There had been on prior administration of amikacin or of other aminoglycosides in 20 of 27 patients with ARSM urinary tract infections. Chronically infected patients who required multiple hospitalizations represented a major reservoir for the perpetuation of the outbreak, overshadowing the importance of aminoglycoside use. Traditional control measures and even a major change in the inanimate environment were only partially effective in controlling the outbreak, but treatment of bacteriuric patients in the urology unit with "second and third generation" cephalosporins interrupted patient-to patient transmission. No new cases of ARSM bacteriuria appeared in the urology unit in the ensuing 12 months. PMID- 7028655 TI - Detection of bacteremia: technical aspects of the blood culture. PMID- 7028656 TI - Evaluations of loxapine succinate in the ambulatory treatment of acute schizophrenic episodes. AB - 138 acutely ill schizophrenic patients were treated with oral loxapine succinate for up to 4 weeks in nine studies, all of which shared an identical protocol. These nine, open-label studies were conducted primarily in outpatient settings. For most patients, loxapine, at daily dosages of 30-80 mg, was observed to provide safe, effective, and relatively immediate symptomatic relief and, in most cases, helped to keep acutely ill schizophrenic patients out of the hospital. Side effects, which occurred in 95 patients, were mostly mild and controllable and consisted mainly of extrapyramidal effects. PMID- 7028657 TI - Acute effects of disulfiram on anxiety levels of chronic alcoholics. AB - 30 male alcoholics, who were anxious by clinical research standards, received either disulfiram (250 mg) or placebo daily for 1 week. There are claims that disulfiram has a sedative effect and that this has some useful antianxiety action, but this had not been tested in a controlled manner. There were no significant differences in the mean changes between the disulfiram and placebo groups as determined by any of the tests used. Both the Zung self-rating anxiety scale and the anxiety scale of the profile of mood states indicated ( p less than 0.05) that those receiving disulfiram were extreme reactors as compared to the placebo group; those receiving disulfiram either became more anxious or experienced the most improvement. The study suggests that disulfiram may selectively relieve or increase the anxiety level of subgroups of subjects, but does not delineate a predictor response. PMID- 7028658 TI - The role of phosphorylated dolichols in membrane glycoprotein biosynthesis: relation to cholesterol biosynthesis. PMID- 7028659 TI - Mechanisms of intralysosomal degradation with special reference to autophagocytosis and heterophagocytosis of cell organelles. PMID- 7028660 TI - Membrane ultrastructure in urinary tubules. PMID- 7028661 TI - [Introduction to the topic: drug dosage in renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7028662 TI - [The dosage of important antibiotics and tuberculostatics in renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7028663 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of diuretics and antihypertensives in renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7028664 TI - [Digitalis glycosides and renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7028665 TI - [Altered pharmacokinetics and dosage of antirheumatics, corticosteroids, cytostatics and immunosuppressives in renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7028666 TI - [Pharmacokinetic of psychopharmaca, sleeping agents, analgesics, antidiabetics, uric acid- and lipid lowering agents]. PMID- 7028667 TI - [Therapy resistant meningeal syndrome with progressive intracranial pressure elevation in a 25-year-old patient]. PMID- 7028668 TI - [Alcoholic hepatitis, a disease spectrum]. PMID- 7028669 TI - [Iron overload and hemochromatosis]. PMID- 7028670 TI - [Differential diagnosis of acute cerebral disorders in alcoholism and cirrhosis]. PMID- 7028671 TI - [Clinical significance and diagnosis of liver fibrosis]. PMID- 7028672 TI - [Fever of unknown origin with arthralgia and exanthema, herpes labialis, encephalopathy with myoclonus, acute kidney failure]. PMID- 7028673 TI - [Reye's (or Reye-like) syndrome (encephalopathy and small droplet fatty liver) in adults. Polyetiologic or drug induced?]. PMID- 7028674 TI - On presentation of the Friedenwald Award in ophthalmology to Matthew M. LaVail. PMID- 7028675 TI - Analysis of neurological mutants with inherited retinal degeneration. Friedenwald lecture. PMID- 7028676 TI - Topical ocular immunization of rabbits. AB - New Zealand white rabbits were immunized by dropping ovalbumin (100 mg/ml) into the conjunctival sac four times daily for 3 weeks. Many rabbits developed detectable hemagglutinating antibody by day 7 and all had antibody by day 14. The serum antibody persisted for at least 6 months after the beginning of immunization. Plaque-forming cells were found in the lymph nodes, spleens, the conjunctiva, and limbal tissue. Fc receptor cells were found in all the tissues examined, but the numbers of Fc receptors cells did not seem to have any relationship to the numbers of plaque-forming cells in the same tissues. PMID- 7028677 TI - Ephraim McDowell (1771-1830). The President's lithotomist. PMID- 7028678 TI - Portraits of viruses: tobacco mosaic virus. PMID- 7028679 TI - Improved replication of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus in roller bottles: characterization of the progeny virus. AB - A reproducible growth curve was established for the propagation of Autographa californica (Speyer) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ACMNPV) In a continuous insect line from Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) during large-volume production. A newly developed method for quantitation of polyhedra inclusion bodies (PIB) by electron microscopy (EM) during the growth cycle was compared to hemocytometer counts. The virus particles (VP) ratio to PFU and VP per PIB were established by EM methods. Optimal yields of PIB and cell-free virus with biological activities were obtained in six consecutive production lots when the growth curve conditions were followed. The DNA of the viruses produced in the 1st and 8th passages in the S. frugiperda cell line was treated with restriction endonucleases and compared with that from the E-2 cloned variant of this virus. Data confirmed that the virus was the ACMNPV and also indicated that there were no detectable changes after 8 passages in insect cell culture. PMID- 7028680 TI - Malaria in Scotland and its presentation in a Glasgow hospital. PMID- 7028681 TI - [Crosti disease (reticulohistiocytoma type Crosti). Light microscopic, ultrastructural, histochemical and immunohistologic findings]. AB - Four patients with lymphoma-like skin diseases of a protracted course and dubious dignity are reported and reviewed together with similar cases of the literature. These cases correspond largely to the entity termed reticulohistiocytoma which was described by Crosti in 1951. The ultrastructural, histochemical, and immunohistological findings indicate tha the tumoral infiltrate consists of a cell population with close similarities to histiocytes. A possible explanation for the characteristic protracted evolution is an immunologic mechanism is causing an increased cell death rate. PMID- 7028682 TI - George Bugbee: a first-person profile (Part 1). PMID- 7028683 TI - Urokinase therapy in the early stage of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7028684 TI - Effect of the purified unsaponifiable fraction of soybean in combination with ursodeoxycholic acid on cholesterol saturation of bile and stone dissolution in gallstone patients. PMID- 7028685 TI - Studies of lysosomal enzymes in macrophages. III. Lysosomal enzyme activities in cultured macrophages infected with some species of mycobacteria. PMID- 7028686 TI - The effect of diabetes mellitus and its treatment on the lithogenesity of bile in man. PMID- 7028687 TI - Cytochemical and biochemical microanalysis of carcinogenesis. PMID- 7028688 TI - On Schiff's bases and aldehyde-fuchsin: a review from H. Schiff to R. D. Lillie. AB - In histochemistry aldehyde-fuchsin is widely regarded as an azomethine compound, though this hypothesis cannot explain the variety of reaction products. Infrared spectroscopy did not show a C = N bond. It was therefore deemed of interest to review chemical studies of aldehyde-fuchsin and other Schiff's bases by Schiff and his contemporaries. Schiff regarded reaction products of low molecular aliphatic aldehydes, e.g. acetaldehyde, and aromatic amines as diarylamines; aldehyde-fuchsin was assigned a 2:3 (dye:aldehyde) formula. These reactions were facilitated by alcohol and HCl. Others suggested condensation of two aldehyde molecules which carried a secondary and a tertiary amine respectively. Eibner proved that these compounds were ethylenes, not azomethines, and contained two secondary amines. Condensation of such bases produced ethylenic polymers, the Schultz's bases. Aromatic aldehydes readily yielded azomethines; aliphatic aldehydes formed --C = N-- bonds only during prolonged heating. These findings are in agreement with recent chemical data. Clearly, the term Schiff's bases is not synonymous with azomethines, but denotes any reaction product of aldehydes and amines. In 1962, Lillie's histochemical studies confirmed "the secondary amine nature of aldehyde aryl amine condensation". Thus, chemical and histochemical studies from Schiff in the 1860's to Lillie in the 1960's indicate that aldehyde-fuchsin is not an azomethine compound, but contains diarylamines and their derivatives. PMID- 7028689 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of renin in the mouse and rat kidney after adrenalectomy. PMID- 7028690 TI - The effect of zinc on wound healing: a collective review. PMID- 7028691 TI - Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis: report of three cases. PMID- 7028692 TI - Recent advances in coronary heart disease. PMID- 7028694 TI - The effect of fractionated versus unfractionated total body irradiation on the growth of the BN acute myelocytic leukemia. PMID- 7028693 TI - Evaluation of radiation therapy factors in prophylactic central nervous system irradiation for childhood leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Study Group. PMID- 7028695 TI - The pathogenesis of ovarian cancer--developmental aspects and modes of spread. PMID- 7028696 TI - Radiologic staging of ovarian carcinoma--necessary or redundant? PMID- 7028697 TI - The quest for a clearer understanding of ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 7028698 TI - Hyperfractionated total body irradiation for bone marrow transplantation: I. Early results in leukemia patients. PMID- 7028699 TI - Does hyperbaric oxygen have a future in radiation therapy? PMID- 7028700 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for carcinoma of the cervix--stages IIB, IIIA, IIIB and IVA: results of a randomized study by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. PMID- 7028701 TI - In memoriam: Silvano Arieti. PMID- 7028702 TI - Ralph M. Crowley: psychoanalytic pioneer: The 1980 William V. Silverberg Award presentation address. PMID- 7028703 TI - William V. Silverberg as teacher and colleague. PMID- 7028704 TI - Carbohydrate ingestion before exercise: comparison of glucose, fructose, and sweet placebo. AB - To examine the effect of various carbohydrates on the metabolic and hormonal response to exercise, 75 g glucose, fructose, or placebo were given to nine well trained males (VO2 max 60 +/- 1 ml . kg-1 . min-1) 45 min before cycle ergometer exercise performed at 75% VO2 max for 30 min. After glucose ingestion, the rise in plasma glucose was 3-fold (P less than 0.005) in plasma insulin 2.5-fold (P less than 0.01) greater than after fructose. During exercise, after glucose administration plasma glucose fell from 5.3 +/- 0.3 to 2.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/l (P less than 0.001) and after fructose from 4.5 +/- 0.1 to 3.9 +/- 0.3 mmol/l (P less than 0.05). The fall in plasma glucose was closely related to the preexercise levels of plasma insulin (r = 0.82, P less than 0.001) and glucose (r = 0.81, P less than 0.001). Both glucose and fructose ingestion decreased the FFA levels by 40-50% (P less than 0.005) and during exercise they remained 30-40% lower after carbohydrate than placebo administration (P less than 0.02). This study suggests that glucose ingestion prior to exercise results in hypoglycemia during vigorous exercise, this rapid fall in plasma glucose is mediated, at least in part, by hyperinsulinemia, and fructose ingestion is associated with a modest rise in plasma insulin and does not result in hypoglycemia during exercise. PMID- 7028705 TI - Assessment of alveolar-capillary membrane permeability of dogs by aerosolization. AB - We developed a method for measuring an index of alveolar-capillary membrane permeability (PI) by aerosolizing a mixture of 99mTc diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Tc-DTPA) and 125I-antipyrine (I-AP) and injecting 111In-DTPA (In-DTPA). The I-AP was used to compute the quantity of Tc DTPA delivered and the In-DTPA the quantity of Tc-DTPA in the body. The PI was the ratio of the uptake of Tc-DTPA per minute to the amount deposited at the end of aerosolization. In 14 anesthetized dogs we measured the volume of distribution of I-AP (0.54 +/- 0.034 l/kg body wt) and/or showed that the volumes of distribution of Tc-DTPA and In-DTPA were similar. We measured PI in four groups of dogs: control (n = 5), oleic acid (n = 5), hydrochloric acid (n = 6), and high left atrial pressure (n = 5). The PI increased significantly in both groups with acid-induced increased permeability compared with the control and high left atrial pressure groups, which did not differ from each other. We conclude that the aerosolization method is suitable for differentiating increased from normal permeability. PMID- 7028706 TI - Nutrition and the adolescent: an update. AB - This article reviews selected nutrition research pertinent to adolescent health care. Protein--calorie malnutrition affects 25% of hospitalized adolescents studied, which correlates, as in adults, with increased morbidity and mortality. Some subgroups of adolescents, notably Asian immigrants, have been shown to be at high risk for developing vitamin D deficient rickets. On the other hand, excessive vitamin D intake has been linked to arteriosclerosis in animal models. Calcium supplementation is not likely to be indicated in U.S. adolescents. Iron deficiency prevalence in adolescence is not well documented, owing to the confusion between anemia and iron deficiency. Serum ferritin and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin measures should help to clarify this issue. Zinc nutrition must be assessed in high-risk groups such as those with short stature or Crohn's disease. Oral contraception effects on vitamin B6 and on serum lipids need to be considered in the risk-benefit equation when prescribing this method of birth control for adolescents. PMID- 7028707 TI - Localization of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in the human kidney using immuno fluorescence and immuno-electron microscopical techniques. AB - Small pieces of tissue obtained from apparently normal areas of four surgically removed adult human kidneys were used in the present study. The results obtained by immuno-fluorescence and immuno-electron microscopical techniques show that Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) is present in the thick ascending limbs of the loops of Henle and the distal convoluted tubules. Within the cells concerned, the protein is associated with the luminal, lateral as well as basal, plasma membranes and their infoldings. The cells of the macula densa are completely negative as are those of proximal convoluted tubules, glomeruli and collecting ducts. The possible significance of these findings in relation to the process of urine dilution in the nephron is discussed. PMID- 7028708 TI - C-19393 S2 and H2, new carbapenem antibiotics. III. Mode of action. AB - Biochemical activities of new carbapenem antibiotics, C-19393 H2(H2) and C-19393 S2(S2), were examined in comparison with those of mecillinam using Escherichia coli. H2 showed remarkably high affinity for penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2, and high affinity for PBPs 1 and 3. S2 showed high affinity for PBP 2, moderate affinity for PBP 1 and low affinity for PBP 3. They induced ovoid cells at lower concentrations and cell lysis at higher concentrations. The inhibitory potency of H2 for peptidoglycan synthesis was similar to that of mecillinam at lower concentrations up to 0.1 micrograms/ml. At concentrations higher than 0.1 micrograms/ml, the inhibition rate by H2 gradually increased up to 100%, whereas that by mecillinam remained at 60% level. The MICs of H2, S2 and mecillinam corresponded to the lowest concentrations giving 60% of inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis at which concentrations the function of PBP 2 seemed to be prevented completely. These findings indicate that the primary targets of H2 and S2 are PBP 2 involved in cell shape determination in E. coli. PMID- 7028709 TI - Transit factors affecting shrink, shipping fever and subsequent performance of feeder calves. AB - Five shipments of feeder calves (965 head hauled in 11 drop-center trailers) were shipped 1,600 km by tractor trailer from Algood, Tennessee, to Bushland, Texas, during the fall seasons of 1976, 1977 and 1978. Shrink, incidence of shipping fever and subsequent feedlot performance of these feeder calves were analyzed. There were significant differences in shrink and subsequent feedlot performance between calves shipped on different dates. In only one instance was there a significant difference in shrink between trucks of steers shipped on the same date, and this was due to a difference of in-transit time between trucks. There were no significant differences in shrink, incidence of shipping fever of feedlot performance between calves shipped in different trailer compartments, nor were there any interactions between shipping dates and trailer compartments for shrink, incidence of shipping fever and feedlot performance. The number of calves treated for shipping fever did not differ significantly among trailer compartments, but did differ among shipment dates. Significant differences in morbidity between shipping dates indicate that the incidence of shipping fever is apparently affected by environmental conditions before, during and immediately after transit. The results indicate that multiple truckloads of calves, if traveling together, can be treated as a single unit for the statistical analysis of shrink, incidence of shipping fever and feedlot performance. PMID- 7028710 TI - Rapid identification and serotyping of 'Bacteroides fragilis' in clinical material by direct immunofluorescence. PMID- 7028711 TI - Liposome-trapped penicillins in growth inhibition of some penicillin-resistant bacteria. PMID- 7028712 TI - [Difference in infectivity of Mycobacterium leprae from patients in immunosuppressed mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028714 TI - Management of diabetics undergoing surgery. PMID- 7028713 TI - Current status of antithrombotic agents in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7028715 TI - L-arabinose transport systems in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Mutations in the arabinose transport operons of Escherichia coli K-12 were isolated with the Mu lac phage by screening for cells in which beta-galactosidase is induced in the presence of L-arabinose. Standard genetic techniques were then used to isolate numerous mutations in either of the two transport systems. Complementation tests revealed only one gene, araE, in the low-affinity arabinose uptake system. P1 transduction placed araE between lysA (60.9 min) and thyA (60.5 min) and closer to lysA. The operon of the high-affinity transport system was found to contain two genes: araF, which codes for the arabinose-binding protein, and a new gene, araG. The newly identified gene, araG, was shown by two dimensional gel electrophoresis to encode a protein which is located in the membrane. Only defects in araG could abolish uptake by the high-affinity system under the conditions we used. PMID- 7028716 TI - Methionine sulfoxide is transported by high-affinity methionine and glutamine transport systems in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Three lines of evidence indicated that methionine sulfoxide is transported by the high-affinity methionine and glutamine transport systems in Salmonella typhimurium. First, methionine-requiring strains (metE) which have mutations affecting both of these transport systems (metP glnP) were unable to use methionine sulfoxide as a source of methionine. These strains could still grow on L-methionine because they possessed a low-affinity system (or systems) which transported L-methionine but not the sulfoxide. A methionine auxotroph with a defect only in the metP system, which was dependent upon the glnP+ system for the transport of methionine sulfoxide, was inhibited by L-glutamine because glutamine inhibited the transport of the sulfoxide by the glnP+ system. Second, a metE metP glnP strain could be transduced at either the metP or glnP genes to restore its ability to grow on methionine sulfoxide. Third, the transport of [14C]methionine sulfoxide was inhibited by methionine and by glutamine in the metP+ glnP+ strain. No transport was detected in the metP glnP double-mutant strain. PMID- 7028717 TI - Regular segregation of composite plasmid Rms201. AB - Copy number mutants Rms201ts15 and Rms201ts16 were isolated at 30 degrees C from a temperature-sensitive replication mutant (Rms201ts14) of the conjugative plasmid Rms201. The numbers of plasmids per chromosome of ML1410(Rms201ts14), ML1410(Rms201ts15), and ML1410(Rms201ts16) grown at 30 degrees C were 2.2, 7.4, and 20, respectively. The synthesis of covalently closed circular plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid stopped in Rms201ts14, Rms201ts15, and Rms201ts16 immediately after a "shift-up" in temperature (42 degrees C). At 42 degrees C, antibiotic-sensitive derivatives appeared after a certain lag time: the lag times of ML1410(Rms201ts14), ML1410(Rms201ts15), and ML1410(Rms201ts16) were 2.5, 5, and 6.8 generations, respectively. After these times, plasmid-positive cells in the populations decreased at a rate of about 50% per generation in all of the mutants. From these results we conclude that plasmid segregation (partition) of Rms201 occurs by regular segregation (partition). PMID- 7028718 TI - New mechanism for post-translational processing during assembly of a cytoplasmic membrane protein? AB - Insertion of nitrate reductase into the Escherichia coli cytoplasmic membrane was examined by following the fate of pulse-labeled enzyme in both the membrane and cytoplasm during various times after the addition of an unlabeled chase. The polypeptide composition of this labeled enzyme was determined by autoradiography of immunoprecipitated material after separation on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. The data presented here indicate that immediately after appropriate insertion of the enzyme into the membrane, a post-translational event occurs which converts the cytoplasmically synthesized form of subunit B (B') to the form found in the completely assembled enzyme (B). B' is distinguished from B by its more rapid electrophoretic mobility. B' was found in the cytoplasm of all strains tested, in the membrane of strains with defects in enzyme insertion (hemA and chlE), and as a transient component in the membrane of wild-type cells. PMID- 7028719 TI - A third unlinked gene controlling the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex mutants of Aspergillus nidulans were obtained by ultraviolet treatment and enrichment procedures. Among 160 glycolytic mutants, 86 pyruvate dehydrogenase complex mutants (including some temperature-sensitive mutants) were found. In addition to genes pdhA and pdhB, which are described in previous studies, a third gene, pdhC, controlling the function of the enzyme complex, was identified. The three genes were not linked and were mapped in the following linkage groups: pdhA in group I, pdhB in group V, and pdhC in group VIII, where it was the first marker on the left arm. PMID- 7028720 TI - Cell wall modification resulting from in vitro induction of L-phase variants of Nocardia asteroides. AB - The chemical composition of the cell walls of several L-form revertants derived from Nocardia asteroides 10905 was determined at different stages of growth. It was observed that each L-form revertant had a cell well that differed from that of the parental strain when grown under identical conditions. In some strains the peptidolipid and mycolic acid components were affected the most, whereas in other strains the fatty acid, sugar, and mycolic acid moieties were altered. Shifts in mycolic acid size were prominent, whereas the basic peptidoglycan structure appeared to be affected the least. Both the method used to induce the L-form of N. asteroides 10905 and the length of time these organisms were maintained in the wall-less state affected the degree of cell wall modification during the reversion process. Thus, removal of the cell wall appeared to potentiate and select for mutational alterations within the cell envelope of N. asteroides, and these changes resulted in altered cellular and colonial morphology. PMID- 7028721 TI - Incision and postincision steps of pyrimidine dimer removal in excision-defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - cdc9, a temperature-sensitive mutant defective in polynucleotide deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ligase activity, accumulates low-molecular-weight DNA fragments (as measured by sedimentation of DNA in alkaline sucrose gradients) at the nonpermissive temperature after irradiation with ultraviolet light. This phenotype of cdc9 is a sensitive indicator of successful incision during excision repair of dimers. In strains containing excision-defective mutations in any of nine genes in combination with the cdc9 mutation, the absence of low-molecular weight DNA at the nonpermissive temperature after ultraviolet treatment suggests that these mutants are incision defective, whereas the presence of low-molecular weight DNA indicates that the mutants are defective in a step after incision. With rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4, and rad10 mutants, the molecular weight of the DNA remained unchanged after ultraviolet irradiation and incubation at the restrictive temperature, despite the presence of the cdc9 mutation; these mutants are therefore incision defective. Low-molecular-weight DNA was observed in rad14 cdc9 and rad16 cdc9 strains. With the rad16 strain, the accumulation of low molecular-weight DNA correlated with the amount of excision taking place, whereas in the rad14 mutant strain, no evidence of dimer removal was obtained. Therefore, rad14 is likely to be defective in a step after incision. PMID- 7028722 TI - Dominant spore color mutants of Aspergillus nidulans defective in germination and sexual development. AB - The ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans produces green conidia (asexual spores). Recessive mutants which produce yellow conidia have been previously isolated from haploid strains and have been shown to be deficient in laccase (diphenol oxidase), an enzyme that requires copper for activity. Using a diploid parent strain, we isolated dominant yellow conidial mutants which, in the haploid state, produced even less laccase activity than a recessive mutant. Three isolates of such mutants behaved similarly and define a single complementation group (yB) on chromosome VIII distinct from the yA locus on chromosome I defined by recessive mutants. Unlike yA mutants, whose only discernable phenotype is their conidial color, yB mutants are pleiotropic: conidial germination was delayed relative to the wild type, and sexual development was blocked at an early stage. The three phenotypes of yB mutants were expressed on yeast extract-glucose medium containing 1.6 microM of added copper. When copper was added to above 5 microM, all three phenotypes were remediated, and near wild-type levels of laccase were produced. We conclude that yB mutants have a reduced availability of copper. The dominance of yB mutants could result, for example, from an alteration in transport or storage of copper. Using an immunological assay, we detected no laccase antigenic cross-reacting material in yB mutants grown on medium of low copper content. We conclude that either the synthesis or the stability of laccase is copper dependent. PMID- 7028723 TI - Proteolytically induced changes in the molecular form of the carbamyl phosphate synthetase-uracil-aspartate transcarbamylase complex coded for by the URA2 locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - When a uracil-auxotrophic yeast strain is grown under uracil-limiting conditions, the aspartate transcarbamylase activity found in crude extracts shows a variation in sensitivity to feedback inhibition by uridine 5'-triphosphate. In this study we correlated this variation with changes in the molecular form of the carbamyl phosphate synthetase-uracil-aspartate transcarbamylase complex. Carbamyl phosphate synthetase-uracil (molecular weight, 240,000) and uridine 5' triphosphate-insensitive aspartate transcarbamylase (molecular weight, 140,000) were present separately in extracts from cells collected in the early exponential phase; this was in contrast to the presence of a single high-molecular-weight form (molecular weight, about 900,000) bearing both activities in extracts from stationary-phase cells. The lack of sensitivity to uridine 5'-triphosphate by aspartate transcarbamylase was delayed by adding uridine 5'-triphosphate before cell disruption and was prevented completely by adding phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. Thus, this event was attributed to a transient serine protease activity detected only in early exponential-phase cell extracts. However, even in the presence of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, a sucrose density gradient analysis in the absence of uridine 5'-triphosphate revealed a change in the aggregation state of the complex which might have occurred in vivo. None of these events was observed in extracts from cells that lacked protease B activity (strain HP232 2B). PMID- 7028724 TI - Comparison among patterns of macromolecular synthesis in Escherichia coli B/r at growth rates of less and more than one doubling per hour at 37 degrees C. AB - In Escherichia coli B/r, the relationship between the patterns of chromosome replication and of synthesis of envelope components differs at various growth rates. At growth rates greater than 1.0 doubling per h at 37 degrees C, the average mass and age at initiation of rounds of chromosome replication are similar to those at increase in incorporation of precursors into a major outer membrane protein and phosphatidylethanolamine. At growth rates less than 1.0 doubling per h at 37 degrees C the average mass and age at increase in the synthesis of these envelope components differ from those at initiation of chromosome replication. The average cell mass per chromosomal origin at initiation of rounds of chromosome replication is not a constant and varies between growth rates greater and less than 1.0 doubling per h. PMID- 7028725 TI - Role of lipopolysaccharide in the receptor function for bacteriophage TuIb in Escherichia coli. AB - Bacteriophage TuIb required lipopolysaccharide in addition to the OmpC trimer as a receptor component. Both the fatty acid and polysaccharide regions of lipopolysaccharide were shown to participate in the receptor function. The roles of lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane proteins in the receptor function for T even type bacteriophages are discussed. PMID- 7028726 TI - Temperature-sensitive mutation affecting synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in Escherichia coli. AB - A mutation has been characterized in Escherichia coli which results in temperature-sensitive expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity and antigen. The enzyme produced by the mutant strain at a permissive temperature or by cells treated with chloramphenicol at nonpermissive temperatures had normal activity and stability in extracts. Since phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase had a monomeric structure, the mutation probably affects the synthesis, rather than the structure or assembly, of the enzyme. PMID- 7028727 TI - Bilinear cell growth of Escherichia coli. AB - Recent electron micrograph measurements of bacterial dimensions in exponentially growing cultures of Escherichia coli support a model of bilinear increase in cell surface area and volume, with a sharp doubling in growth rate at a discrete age during the cell cycle. The results also indicate coordinate regulation of increase of surface area and volume. PMID- 7028728 TI - DSM-III: historical antecedents and presents significance. PMID- 7028729 TI - Interviewing with intravenous drugs. AB - Drug assisted interviewing is of demonstrated value in differentiating organic from functional delirious states. Its role in the differential diagnosis of major mental illness is unclear; but well-timed interviews may provide useful additional data. Unfortunately the data is usually difficult to interpret. It certain forms of amnesia, drug assisted interviewing may facilitate retrieval of otherwise unavailable memories, yet these memories are no more reliable than those obtained in conventional interviews. The use of intravenous drugs in psychotherapy has generated encouraging reports which have not, however, been subjected to controlled study. The use of drug interviews, similar to hypnosis, in the treatment of intractable conversion has been long known in clinical practice. The long-term benefit of such interventions is not known. Drug-assisted interviewing has a long, if controversial, history in clinical psychiatry. Its limitations and usefulness are often misunderstood. In addition, there is a deficit of well-controlled study of drug-assisted interviewing. Nevertheless, well-timed interviews, employing properly executed technique, may be helpful in a range of diagnostic and therapeutic situations. PMID- 7028730 TI - Post-proline cleaving enzyme from lamb brain. AB - A post-proline cleaving enzyme [post-proline endopeptidase: EC 3.4.21.26] was purified from lamb brain by a series of column chromatographies on DEAE-Sephadex, hydroxyapatite and Sephadex G-150. The purified enzyme appeared homogeneous on disc gel and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoreses. The enzyme was most active at pH 7.0 with carbobenzoxy-Gly-Pro-beta-naphthylamide (Z-Gly-Pro-2 NNap) as a substrate and catalyzed the hydrolysis of oxytocin, vasopressin, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), substance P, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH), and angiotensin at the carboxyl side of their proline residues, except for the Pro2-Lys3 bond in substance P. From the results of subsite mapping using synthetic peptides, five subsites, S3 to S2', for substrate interaction with the enzyme were deduced to be present, and high stereospecificity was observed at S2, S1, and S1'. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was at pH 4.9, and the molecular weights estimated by gel filtration and SDS gel electrophoresis were 74,000 and 77,000, respectively. The enzyme was markedly inhibited by diisopropylphosphoro fluoridate (DFP), carbobenzoxy-Gly-Pro-chloromethyl ketone (Z-Gly-Pro-CH2Cl), p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), Hg2+, and Cu2+ ions. These enzymatic and protein chemical properties of post-proline cleaving enzyme from lamb brain closely resemble those of the lamb kidney enzyme, except for the molecular weight. In the present work, however, we decided that the molecular weight of the enzyme from lamb kidney was also 74,000, which is different from that reported previously (J. Biol. Chem. 251, 7593 (1976) but is in accord with the value of post-proline cleaving enzyme from lamb brain. PMID- 7028731 TI - Biological and structural differences between tRNAVal species isolated from rat ascites hepatoma cells and normal rat liver. AB - On RPC-5 column chromatography, the main valine acceptor activity of tRNA (tRNA2Val) from rat ascites hepatoma cells was eluted later than that of normal rat liver tRNA (tRNA1Val). The tRNA2Val was aminoacylated by E. coli amino-acyl tRNA synthetase, while tRNA1Val from normal rat liver was not. Rat fetal liver tRNAVal was also aminoacylated by E. coli aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. tRNA1Val (rat liver) and tRNA2Val (ascites hepatoma) were each purified to a homogeneous state by RPC-5 column chromatography and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and their sequences were determined by post-labeling techniques. Ascites hepatoma tRNA2Val differed from rat liver tRNA1Val in that Gm18, C32 and an unknown modified nucleoside, N34, in the latter tRNA were mostly replaced by G, Cm, and inosine, respectively. In addition, 3'-terminal adenosine was not present in tRNA1Val (normal rat liver), but was in tRNA2Val (ascites hepatoma). Other modifications and the primary structures of the two tRNAValS were found to be the same. Thus it was concluded that the new iso-acceptor species of tRNA Val in ascites hepatoma cells is due to a change of post-transcriptional modification, not to a change of tRNA transcription. The unique feature of the change of post-transcriptional modification in tRNA2Val (ascites hepatoma) is that both hypo- and hyper-modification take place simultaneously in the tRNA molecule depending the locations of nucleotide residues. PMID- 7028732 TI - Up-regulation of insulin receptors in rat liver plasma membranes. AB - Kinetic experiments (uptake versus time) were utilized to examine the effects of occupancy on insulin receptor availability in rat liver plasma membranes in vitro. The following observations were made: 1) at 4 degrees C, a 3-h exposure of membranes to 100 nM native insulin, followed by removal of unbound hormone, resulted in a subsequent decrease of 125I-insulin binding at 4 degrees C. In a similar experiment at 23 degrees C, no decrease of 125I-insulin binding was observed. 2) At 23 degrees C, 131I-insulin (5 nM) was bound to membranes in a slowly reversible manner after a 3-h association. After removal of free hormone, the 131I-insulin-treated membranes displayed similar binding of 125I-insulin (1 nM) relative to controls despite persistent high level occupancy of receptors by 131I-insulin. 3) At 23 degrees C, phospholipase pretreatment of membranes enhanced 125I-insulin uptake (approximately 40%). Phospholipase-digested membranes exposed to 100 nM native insulin for 3 h bound more 125I-insulin (approximately 40%) than did nondigested membranes preincubated without native insulin. The results allowed speculation that rat liver membranes up-regulated insulin receptors after treatment with insulin and that this was mediated by exposure of cryptic binding sites. PMID- 7028733 TI - Kinetics of aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli for the reverse direction of reaction. AB - The reverse reaction of aspartate transcarbamylase in which phosphate or arsenate is first coupled to carbamyl aspartate, followed by elimination of aspartate, has been studied under conditions in which one product, aspartate, is removed. Aspartate is converted to oxalacetate by glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase, and the resulting oxalacetate is converted to malate by the NADH, NAD+ oxidoreductase enzyme malate dehydrogenase. Phosphate and carbamyl aspartate saturation curves are nonsigmoidal. The transition state analogue, N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate, activates this reverse reaction substantially. Reverse kinetic parameters of the Haldane type are characteristic of the T-state and correlated with the parameters of the usual forward reaction of the T-state. Phosphate and carbamyl aspartate do not alter the thiol reactivity or sedimentation coefficient of the enzyme. These five results indicate that, under the conditions of these experiments, the reverse reaction does not cause the allosteric transition. In a new assay for the forward reaction we couple phosphate production with NADP reduction using phosphorylase a, phosphoglucomutase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7028734 TI - Evidence for recycling of insulin receptors in isolated rat adipocytes. PMID- 7028735 TI - Specific cleavage of bovine parathyroid hormone catalyzed by an endopeptidase from bovine kidney. AB - Cleavage of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is catalyzed by an endopeptidase associated with a partially purified membrane preparation from bovine kidney cortex. This enzyme was found to have an acid pH optimum and to be easily extracted from the membranes by a single freeze-thaw cycle. The cleavage is remarkable in that it appears to be restricted to a small region of the PTH peptide chain, generating fragments which are not further degraded. The dominant products are a large fragment, COOH-terminal in origin, and a small fragment from the NH2 terminus. The small fragment is biologically active and its activity establishes that it contains at least the first 29 amino acids in PTH. The large fragment has no biological activity. The cleavage of PTH was demonstrated both with iodinated PTH and with unlabeled hormone by immunoassay and by labeling the large fragment after its production. Microsequencing of the large fragment showed that, in fact, two products are produced: one with its NH2 terminus at position 38 of PTH and one with its NH2 terminus at position 35. These fragments are remarkably similar to those generated in both the liver and the kidney in vivo. PMID- 7028736 TI - Identification and purification of tRNAs containing N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl) adenosine using antibodies specific for N6-(delta-isopentenyl) adenosine. AB - Antibodies specific for the modified nucleoside N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl) adenosine (i6A) were employed to identify the tRNAs containing i6A from an unfractionated tRNA mixture by a nitrocellulose filter binding assay. When radioactive aminoacyl-tRNAs were incubated with i6A-specific antibodies and filtered through nitrocellulose membrane filters, the tRNAs possessing i6A (tRNAtyr and tRNAser) remained on the filters. tRNAarg and tRNAlys which do not contain i6A showed no binding. This finding will be useful as a very simple and rapid assay of such RNAs under a variety of conditions. Purification of i6A containing tRNAs from an unfractionated tRNA mixture was achieved by affinity chromatography of the tRNAs on an i6A antibody-Sepharose column. Nonspecific binding of tRNAs to the column was avoided by the use of purified antibodies. PMID- 7028737 TI - Inducer and anti-inducer interactions with the lac repressor seen by nuclear magnetic resonance changes at tyrosines and tryptophans. AB - The effects of binding inducer and anti-inducer of the Escherichia coli lac operon to the lac repressor were examined by taking advantage of fluorine-19 NMR. The fluorine nucleus was biosynthetically incorporated into the lac repressor with either 5-fluorotryptophan or 3-fluorotyrosine. It is suggested that these small effector molecules influence the operator-binding properties of the tetrameric lac repressor by altering the intersubunit relationships in the protein. PMID- 7028738 TI - Stereochemistry of beta-, gamma-, and epsilon-ring formation in bacterial C50. AB - Cell-free systems from Corynebacterium poinsettiae and Micrococcus luteus incorporated labeled mevalonic acids into acyclic C40 and cyclic C50 carotenoids. When (3R,4R)-[2-14C,4-3H1]mevalonate was used as substrate, the 14C:3H ratios of C.p.450 and sarcinaxanthin showed that the hydrogen atoms at C-2 of both carotenoids, and that at C-6 of sarcinaxanthin, are derived from the 4-pro-R position of mevalonate. The 14C:3H ratios of C.p.450 and sarcinaxanthin synthesized from (2RS,3R)-[2-14C,2-3H2]mevalonate showed that both hydrogen atoms of C-4 are derived from those at C-2 of mevalonate. These results exclude epsilon and beta-rings as precursors of the gamma-ring. They also exclude the interconversion of the epsilon- and beta-rings. Sarcinaxanthin samples synthesized from (3R,4R)-[2-14C,4-3H1]- and (2RS,3R)-[2-14C,2-3H2]mevalonate by a cell-free system from M. luteus were found to undergo isomerization in strong alkali. The major product of isomerization (85%) was decaprenoxanthin (epsilon ring) with the beta-ring C.p.450 present in small amounts (3% yield). The 14C:3H ratios of these isomerization products were consistent with the loss of one C-4 hydrogen atom from each epsilon-ring of the former and one C-6 hydrogen atom from each beta-ring of the latter. PMID- 7028739 TI - Purification properties and biogenesis of Chlamydomonas reinhardii photosystem I reaction center. AB - A photosystem I reaction center was isolated from Chlamydomonas reinhardii chloroplasts. It consists of four different polypeptides with Mr approximately 70,000 (subunit I), 19,000 (subunit II), 10,000 (subunit III), and 8,000 (subunit IV). In the presence of salts, the purified reaction center was active in cytochrome 552 photooxidation. Short term labeling experiments with [35S]sulfate revealed that subunit III contains no cysteine or methionine. Subunits I and IV were shown to be chloroplast translation products, while subunit II appears to be synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes. The site of synthesis of the subunits to the proton-ATPase complex was studied. A differential effect of cycloheximide on the assembly of photosystem I reaction center and the proton-ATPase complex was indicated. PMID- 7028740 TI - Altered proteolytic cleavage of human growth hormone as a result of deamidation. AB - The major desamido form of human growth hormone (hGH) results from deamidation of asparagine 152. Peptide mapping and amino acid sequencing were used in the identification. This desamido form (hGHAsp152) could be produced by incubation of the undeamidated hormone in an alkaline medium. Another minor deamidated form which contained glutamic acid at 137 (hGHGlu137) also was identified in preparations of hGH. This form was not produced by alkaline treatment of hGH. Limited hydrolysis of hGH with subtilisin produced two cleaved forms, one with cleavages at positions 139 and 149 and another with cleavages at 139 and 146. hGHAsp152 underwent only one type of modification, cleavage at positions 139 and 146. Hydrolysis of hGHGlu137 resulted in cleavages in the region of 139 to 149 identical with those noted with hGH, but in addition, proteolysis had occurred in the region of 95 to 127, an area where hGH was not attacked by subtilisin. That Glu at 137 modified cleavage points was also indicated by the greater resistance of hGHGlu137 to hydrolysis by subtilisin as compared to hGH. The results demonstrate that deamidation can alter points of proteolytic cleavage. If proteolytic processing of hGH is found to be of physiologic significance, deamidation may be a way of directing specific cleavages. PMID- 7028741 TI - The crystallization of ribosomal proteins from the 50 S subunit of the Escherichia coli and Bacillus stearothermophilus ribosome. AB - Several individual intact ribosomal proteins purified from bacterial sources under mild conditions have been crystallized. A number of these are suitable candidates for three-dimensional structural studies by x-ray diffraction techniques. Data collection to 3 A resolution for one of these proteins is in progress. PMID- 7028742 TI - Purification and reconstitution of functional lactose carrier from Escherichia coli. AB - The lactose carrier protein of Escherichia coli was purified by a simple procedure employing differential solubilization and ion-exchange chromatography and reconstituted into liposomes by octylglucoside dilution. The proteoliposomes exhibited both membrane potential-driven lactose transport and lactose counterflow. Furthermore, the purified protein was identified as the product of the lac y gene. These and other results demonstrate that the lactose carrier is the only polypeptide species essential for energy-coupled lactose transport and counterflow. PMID- 7028743 TI - Partial purification of cytosolic proteins which control yeast mitochondrial protein synthesis. AB - Protein synthesis in isolated yeast mitochondria incubated in the presence of GTP is stimulated 2-fold by addition of dialyzed postpolysomal supernatant (S-150) at the start of the incubation. Incubation of the yeast S-150 with 5'-nucleotidase had no effect on the stimulatory activity suggesting that the increased protein synthesis does not result from guanine nucleotides. A partial purification of the protein factors which stimulate mitochondrial protein synthesis has been accomplished by chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. Stimulatory activity was eluted in two peaks, one in the 40,000 to 80,000 molecular weight range and a broad peak with a molecular weight of less than 10,000. Stimulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis by the low molecular weight activator fraction was proportional to the concentration of protein added and abolished by trypsin treatment suggesting that the low molecular weight activator is a protein(s). The rate of mitochondrial protein synthesis in the presence of activator, was linear for 40 min, while that in the presence of GTP was linear for only 20 min, suggesting that the activator and GTP stimulate protein synthesis by different mechanisms. Analysis of the products of the stimulated mitochondrial protein synthesis by gel electrophoresis revealed that the activator increased equally the labeling of all products. These results indicate that low molecular weight proteins present in the cytosol regulate mitochondrial protein synthesis. PMID- 7028744 TI - Tryptase from human pulmonary mast cells. Purification and characterization. AB - Tryptase, the predominant neutral protease in human mast cell secretory granules, was purified to homogeneity from dissociated and concentrated pulmonary mast cells by sequential chromatography on Dowex 1-X2, DEAE-Sephadex, and heparin agarose. Purified tryptase gave a single stained protein band on polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis at pH 4.3 in the presence of 4 M urea. The enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of 120,000 to 140,000 by gel filtration chromatography. Electrophoresis of purified tryptase under denaturing conditions revealed subunits with molecular weights of 37,000 and 35,000 in a molar ratio of 1:1, consistent with a tetrameric subunit structure for the holoenzyme of Mr = 144,000. Both subunits bind [3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate as assessed by the correspondence of radioactivity with the two stained protein bands in a polyacrylamide gel after electrophoresis of purified tryptase under denaturing conditions, indicating that all four subunits of the holoenzyme may have active site capacity. Purified tryptase has a specific activity for tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester of 97 units/mg (1 unit = 1 mumol of substrate cleaved/min at 22 degrees C). Human pulmonary mast cells contain tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester esterase at levels more than 100-fold higher than those of human neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. One million mast cells contain about 1.1 units, or 6 to 19 micrograms of tryptase, and have the capacity to contribute dominant levels of this enzyme at tissue sites of mast cell degranulation. PMID- 7028745 TI - Affinity purification of antibodies from diazotized paper blots of heterogeneous protein samples. AB - A method is described for the affinity purification of antibodies using protein samples that have been electrophoretically transferred to diazotized paper. Using differentiated neuroblastoma cells as the protein sample and a heterogeneous anti microtubule protein serum, antibodies were isolated that specifically bound only to tubulin on blots and that stained microtubule networks in cells. The general utility of this method for various types of applications is discussed. PMID- 7028746 TI - Synthesis and processing of in vitro and in vivo precursors of the vacuolar yeast enzyme carboxypeptidase Y. AB - The biosynthesis of carboxypeptidase Y, which is located in the lysosome-like vacuole of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been studied in vitro in a cell-free translation system from wheat germ and in vivo in intact spheroplasts. When a wheat germ system was programmed with yeast RNA, a translation product was immunoprecipitated by anti-carboxypeptidase Y antibodies, which had a slightly smaller molecular weight (Mr = 59,000) on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis than the authentic glycoprotein (Mr = 60,000). In the presence of dog pancreatic microsomal membranes, an additional cross-reacting translation product of Mr = 68,000 was formed, which in contrast to the 59,000 dalton form was not susceptible to digestion by externally added proteinases, suggesting its segregation within the microsomal vesicles. The observed increase in molecular weight may be consistent with a core glycosylation of the translocated protein. During a pulse-chase labeling of spheroplasts, the antibody initially precipitated a form of carboxypeptidase Y, which co-migrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels with the 68,000-dalton in vitro translation product. Following a chase of 60 min, this early labeled immunoreactive protein was completely converted into the authentic enzyme (Mr = 60,000) and is therefore coincident with the in vivo precursor of carboxypeptidase Y previously described (Hasilik, A., and Tanner, W. (1978) Eur. J. Biochem. 85, 599-608). These data suggest that a vacuolar yeast enzyme is synthesized via a cotranslational segregation of its nascent polypeptide chain within the endoplasmic reticulum giving rise to a proenzyme, which is further processed in vivo into the vacuole located mature enzyme. PMID- 7028747 TI - Reconstitution of sodium transport from purified oxaloacetate decarboxylase and phospholipid vesicles. AB - The Na+-pumping oxaloacetate decarboxylase, isolated from Klebsiella aerogenes membranes, was incorporated into the membranes of lecithin liposomes. Reconstitution of Na+ transport in this artificial system was achieved by the detergent dilution method with octylglucoside as the detergent. An optimum Na+ transport activity upon dilution was obtained in the presence of about 2.7% octylglucoside. With these reconstituted vesicles, a steady state internal Na+ concentration was established by oxaloacetate decarboxylation which was about 30 times higher than that of the external medium. The presence of low concentrations of the Na+-carrying ionophores nigericin or trinactin almost completely abolished the oxaloacetate-dependent Na+ transport, whereas the uncoupler, carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, was without effect. The results are in accord with the function of oxaloacetate decarboxylase as a primary active Na+ pump converting the energy of the decarboxylation reaction into a Na+ gradient. PMID- 7028748 TI - The reconstitution of binding protein-dependent active transport of glutamine in isolated membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli. AB - The reconstitution of binding protein-dependent glutamine transport in isolated membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli is described. The reconstituted glutamine transport is shown to be energy-dependent and does not involve the metabolism of glutamine or the trapping of liganded binding protein with the vesicles. The preparation of vesicles capable of transporting glutamine in a binding protein dependent manner required the incorporation of NAD into vesicles and the use of a binding protein point mutant as the source of the vesicles. PMID- 7028749 TI - A 56,000-dalton renin-binding protein in hog kidney is an endogenous renin inhibitor. AB - Renin-binding protein (RBP) in hog kidney was characterized and identified as a renin inhibitor. The molecular weight (Mr) of rBP is 56,000 when estimated by gel filtration. Its isoelectric point is 4.9. Upon binding to renin, it forms a renin.RBP complex with Mr = 113,000 as revealed by sedimentation equilibrium using an air-driven ultracentrifuge (Airfuge). The renin.RBP complex, formed by incubating hog kidney extract at 37 degrees C, is inactive when assayed with little dilution. On extensive dilution, however, this complex dissociates and acquires renin activity. The equilibrium between renin and renin.RBP complex and the equilibration rate were also studied by high performance liquid chromatographic gel filtration. The equilibrium was shifted to the complex, suggesting that RBP is present in an excess of renin in the kidney. The complex was shown to dissociate during the gel filtration due to rapid equilibration. Therefore, the elution position of the complex varied depending on flow rates, thereby making it difficult to determine the Mr of the complex by gel filtration. The renin.RBP complex is unlikely to occur in the normal kidney because renin and RBP are localized in the granule and cytosol fractions, respectively. RBP may provide security against accidental rupture of renin granules under abnormal circumstances. PMID- 7028750 TI - Characterization of detergent-solubilized membrane proteins. Hydrodynamic and sedimentation equilibrium properties of the insulin receptor of the cultured human lymphoblastoid cell. PMID- 7028751 TI - Primary structure of phycocyanin from the unicellular rhodophyte Cyanidium caldarium. II. Complete amino acid sequence of the beta subunit. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the beta subunit of phycocyanin from the unicellular rhodophyte Cyanidium caldarium, has been determined by automated sequential degradation of cyanogen bromide, tryptic, and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease peptides. The beta subunit contains 172 amino acids with methionine and glutamine the NH2- and carboxyl-terminal amino acids, respectively. The calculated molecular weight of the protein, based on the sequence, is 19,572. Two phycocyanobilin chromophores are covalently attached by cysteinyl thioether linkages to residues 82 and 153. A third cystine (residue 109) occurs in the beta subunit, but it is not attached to phycocyanobilin. Comparison of the complete amino acid sequence of the beta subunit of C. caldarium phycocyanin with the sequences of the phycocyanin beta subunits from two cyanobacteria, shows that the sequence homology previously noted at the NH2 terminus of phycobiliproteins from distantly related organisms extends along the entire polypeptide chain. The amino acid sequences of the alpha and beta subunits of C. caldarium phycocyanin are also similar, and by proper alignment of the sequences it can be shown that the beta subunit contains a 12-residue insertion where the second phycocyanobilin chromophore is covalently attached. A matrix comparing the alpha and beta subunits of phycobiliproteins for which the complete sequences are known has been determined, and based on these data, a scheme is proposed for evolution of the family of phycobiliproteins in living cyanobacteria and red algae from a protein precursor which gave rise initially to a beta-type allophycocyanin subunit. PMID- 7028752 TI - Covalent structure of the gamma chain of the A subunit of cholera toxin. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the gamma chain of the A subunit of cholera enterotoxin was determined: NH2-Met-Ser-Asn-Thr-Cys-Asp-Glu-Lys-Thr-Gln-Ser-Leu Gly-Val-Lys-Phe-Leu-Asp-Glu -Tyr-Gln-Ser-Lys-Val-Lys-Arg-Gln-Ile-Phe-Ser-Gly-Tyr Gln-Ser-Ile-Asp-Asp-Thr- His-Asn-Arg-Ile-Lys-Asn-Glu-Leu-COOH. This amino acid sequence was established in part by automated sequence analysis of intact gamma chain as well as of clostripain fragments and tryptic fragments generated from succinylated gamma chain. Smaller peptides from chymotryptic and Staphylococcus aureus protease hydrolyses provided the necessary overlaps. The gamma chain represents a segment of 46 amino acid residues (Mr = 5,395) from the carboxyl terminal region of the precursor single-chain A subunit of cholera toxin (Duffy, L. K., Peterson, J. W., and Kurosky, A. (1981) FEBS Lett. 126, 187-190). Alignment of the gamma chain region of cholera toxin to a comparable chain region of 36 residues previously reported for heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli revealed an identity of 31%. The chemical similarity between the gamma chain regions of these two enterotoxins was thus considerably less than that of their beta chains which were shown to be 79% identical. PMID- 7028753 TI - Desensitization of hepatoma cells to insulin action. Evidence for a post-receptor mechanism. AB - We have previously reported that incubation of rat hepatoma cells with insulin causes a complete and reversible loss of responsiveness to insulin. In order to determine the role of the insulin receptor in desensitization, we have examined the effect of insulin on insulin binding. Exposure of rat hepatoma cells to insulin causes a time-dependent decrease in insulin binding capacity which is detectable at 30 min and maximal at 4-6 h, after which time insulin binding remains 40-50% that of untreated cells. Scatchard analysis indicates that insulin causes a decrease in the number of receptors with little change in the binding affinity. Insulin-induced down regulation of receptors, observable at insulin concentrations as low as 3 ng/ml, is half-maximal at 10-20 ng/ml and is maximal at 100 ng of insulin/ml. When insulin is removed from the culture medium, the cells slowly recover insulin binding capacity; recovery is minimal at 2-4 h but nearly complete after 24 h. Recovery of insulin responsiveness, in contrast, is complete as early as 2 h after insulin is removed. The extent of down regulation of receptors (50-60%) is not sufficient to account for the complete insulin desensitization. In addition, recovery of maximal responsiveness to insulin occurs long before recovery of insulin binding. Therefore, insulin-induced desensitization to insulin is not caused by down regulation of receptors but must involve a post-receptor mechanism. PMID- 7028754 TI - L-Threonine dehydrogenase of chicken liver. Purification, characterization, and physiological significance. AB - L-Threonine dehydrogenase (L-threonine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.103) has been purified to apparent homogeneity from chicken liver mitochondria. The presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and glycerol is necessary for stabilizing the enzyme during purification and storage. The enzyme is a monomer and has Mr approximately equal to 88,000. The pH optimum is 8.6 to 8.7, and the isoelectric point of the enzyme is 5.9. The enzyme is specific for L-threonine and NAD+. The Km values for L-threonine and NAD+ are 8.4 and 0.98 mM, respectively. Kinetic studies indicate that the reaction proceeds through an Ordered Bi Bi mechanism where NAD+ is added first, followed by L-threonine. Chicken liver mitochondria contain aminoacetone synthase (acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.29)). The enzyme has been partially purified. In the presence of L threonine dehydrogenase and aminoacetone synthase, L-threonine is cleaved to glycine and acetyl-CoA via 2-amino-3-oxobutyrate. The result suggests that L threonine dehydrogenase and aminoacetone synthase have a physiological role in L threonine metabolism in vertebrates. PMID- 7028755 TI - Enzymatic and structural differences between usual and atypical human liver alcohol dehydrogenases. PMID- 7028756 TI - Thymidylate synthetase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purification and enzymic properties. AB - Thymidylate synthetase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified over 20,000-fold to apparent homogeneity by a procedure involving two new affinity methods and several precautions for avoiding proteolysis. Molecular weight of the native enzyme was about 65,000, as determined by gel filtration and velocity sedimentation. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate yielded a single band of molecular weight 30,000, suggesting that thymidylate synthetase is a dimer of very similar or identical subunits. The purified enzyme exhibited normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics toward both substrates, with apparent Km values for dUMP and for (--)-5,10-methylene tetrahydropteroylglutamate of 5 microM and 70 microM, respectively. When the pentaglutamyl form of the cofactor was used, its apparent Km was lower (7 microM), but Vmax was unaltered. Reaction kinetics and product inhibition studies were most consistent with an ordered mechanism, wherein dUMP is the first substrate to bind and 7,8-dihydropteroylglutamate is the first product released. Halogenated analogs of the nucleotide substrate were competitive inhibitors of the yeast enzyme, with apparent Ki values for 5-fluoro-dUMP of 5 nM and for 5-Br dUMP of 10 microM. Analogs of the cofactor were also competitive inhibitors, with apparent Ki values for both methotrexate and aminopterin of about 20 microM. Cibacron blue, a dye used as the ligand in an affinity adsorbent for one of the purification steps, was a potent competitive inhibitor with respect to either substrate, yielding apparent Ki values of 4 nM for the nucleotide binding site and 40 nM for the cofactor binding site. PMID- 7028757 TI - Renal transplant uptake of technetium-99m sulfur colloid in various time periods after transplantation. AB - The uptake of technetium-99m sulfur colloid (TSC) by transplanted kidneys undergoing rejection has been described. In this retrospective study, the value of TSC uptake in diagnosing renal rejection was studied in different time intervals after renal transplantation. Within 14 days after transplantation, increasing uptake was seen in 88% of 26 rejection episodes. In patients with acute tubular necrosis, 42% of their studies showed TSC uptake. TSC did not predict rejection within the three days prior to rejection. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 128 TSC studies were compared at different thresholds of TSC uptake; at best, accuracy was only 76%. In later time intervals, a much smaller percentage of patients had increasing uptake with rejection; this tendency was to remain unchanged. Many non-rejection studies showed some TSC uptake. In chronic rejection, persistently marked uptake dominated prior to one year after transplantation, but not beyond this. Thus, within 14 days after transplantation, TSC uptake may support the diagnosis of rejection. Thereafter its value becomes greatly limited. PMID- 7028758 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis in renal transplant recipients; plain film findings. AB - The plain abdominal film findings in nine renal transplant patients with pseudomembranous colitis were characteristic of but not specific for this entity and most commonly showed "thumb-printing" reflecting submucosal edema (five patients) and a persisting localized segmental ileus in the colon (five patients). Based on the plain film findings, the differential diagnosis will include the acute stages of ulcerative colitis, granulomatous colitis, ischemic colitis and other inflammatory colitides, but the radiologist is in a position to suggest the correct diagnosis in the appropriate clinical setting. A barium study of the colon is not indicated, as diagnosis is usually accomplished by endoscopy. The etiology of this colitis has recently been shown to be a cytopathic toxin of the anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium difficile. PMID- 7028759 TI - Multi-drug chemotherapy with and without radiation for carcinoma of the stomach and pancreas: a prospective randomized trial. AB - A prospectively randomized trial in advanced gastric and pancreatic carcinoma compared multi-drug chemotherapy, with and without radiotherapy to the local lesion, in terms of median survival and toxicity. Of 29 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, 14 were randomized to receive 5-FU and Methyl-CCNU, and 15 to receive 5-FU and local radiotherapy to a dose of 4600 rad, and then Methyl-CCNU. Thirty patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas were similarly randomized. There was no significant difference between the two arms of the gastric or pancreatic adenocarcinoma groups, with a median survival of 13 months and 11.5 months respectively in gastric carcinoma, and 7.8 months and 7.3 months in pancreatic carcinoma. Complications were minimal in both groups. There was more hematopoietic depression in the radiation-treated patients, but none had radiotherapy discontinued because of toxicity. PMID- 7028760 TI - Surface redistribution of 125I-insulin in cultured human lymphocytes. AB - The cultured human lymphocyte (IM-9) binds 125I-insulin by a receptor-mediated process; the receptor, in turn, is regulated by the ligand. In the present study we have examined quantitatively the morphologic events involved in 125I-insulin interaction with the surface of the lymphocyte. At 2 min of incubation of 15 degrees or 37 degrees C, the ligand localizes preferentially at the villous surface of the cell, whereas with longer periods of incubation, the ligand distributes indistinguishably between the villous and nonvillous surface. When rebinding is blocked, 125I-insulin localizes preferentially at the nonvillous surface of the cell. When the total cell surface is considered, there is little preferential association with coated pits; when only the nonvillous surface is considered, a preferential association with coated pits is found and is quantitatively increased in the absence of rebinding of the ligand. This cell has an abundant villous surface (approximately 55% of the total surface); and, as seen on freeze-fracture replicas, the plasma membrane of the villous surface contains a 60% greater density of intramembrane particles than the nonvillous surface. The data suggest an ordered pattern of insulin interaction with the cell surface (i.e., binding to villi followed by redistribution to the nonvillous portion of the cell containing coated pits). These events probably reflect the mechanism by which the cell segregates specific receptors and related proteins in the plane of the membrane so that they can be selectively removed. PMID- 7028761 TI - Degradation of proteins microinjected into IMR-90 human diploid fibroblasts. AB - Erythrocyte ghosts loaded with 125I-labeled proteins were fused with confluent monolayers of IMR-90 fibroblasts using polyethylene glycol. Erythrocyte-mediated microinjection of 125I-proteins did not seriously perturb the metabolism of the recipient fibroblasts as assessed by measurements of rates of protein synthesis, rates of protein degradation, or rates of cellular growth after addition of fresh serum. A mixture of cytosolic proteins was degraded after microinjection according to expected characteristics established for catabolism of endogenous cytosolic proteins. Furthermore, withdrawal of serum, insulin, fibroblast growth factor, and dexamethasone from the culture medium increased the degradative rates of microinjected cytosolic proteins, and catabolism of long-lived proteins was preferentially enhanced with little or no effect on degradation of short-lived proteins. Six specific polypeptides were degraded after microinjection with markedly different half-lives ranging from 20 to 320 h. Degradative rates of certain purified proteins (but not others) were also increased in the absence of serum, insulin, fibroblast growth factor, and dexamethasone. The results suggest that erythrocyte-mediated microinjection is a valid approach for analysis of intracellular protein degradation. However, one potential limitation is that some microinjected proteins are structurally altered by the procedures required for labeling proteins to high specific radioactivities. Of the four purified proteins examined in this regard, only ribonuclease A consistently showed unaltered enzymatic activity and unaltered susceptibility to proteolytic attack in vitro after iodination. PMID- 7028762 TI - Appearance of functional insulin receptors during the differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells. AB - The insulin-receptor binding activity and insulin-stimulated growth response of PC13 clone 5 cells were investigated for both the embryo carcinoma (EC) and retinoic acid-induced differentiated derivatives of this cell line. Whereas the EC cell was found to have very few, if any, receptors and showed no demonstrable dependence on insulin for growth, the differentiated derivative cell expressed a large number of insulin receptors and, when challenged with the hormone, showed stimulation of both DNA synthesis and cell division. The same data were obtained for five independent PC13 clones. These results, coupled with previous observations, lend weight to the suggestion that the appearance of specific receptors for growth regulatory substances may be a manifestation of a general change in growth-regulatory mechanisms accompanying EC cell differentiation and loss of malignancy. PMID- 7028763 TI - Central-pair microtubular complex of Chlamydomonas flagella: polypeptide composition as revealed by analysis of mutants. AB - Four mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii representing independent gene loci have been shown to lack totally (pf-18, pf-19, and pf-15) or nearly totally (pf-20) the central microtubular pair complex in isolated axonemal preparations. Analysis of 35S-labeled axonemal proteins, using two methods of electrophoresis, reveals that all four mutants lack or are markedly deficient in 18 polypeptides, ranging in molecular weight from 360,000 to 20,000, that are regularly present in wild type axonemes. Analyses of axonemal proteins labeled by cellular growth on 32P labeled medium indicates that a subset of 8 of the 18 polypeptides are phosphorylated. Mutant and wild-type axonemes and flagella have been analyzed for their content of tubulin subunits using a high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis system combined with agarose gel overlays containing either anti alpha or anti-beta tubulin sera prepared from Chlamydomonas tubulins. The immunoprecipitates identify two major alpha tubulins, a major beta tubulin, and a minor component which is also precipitated by the anti-beta serum. None of these tubulins shows a specific defect in mutant axonemes, nor do the tubulin polypeptides show altered two-dimensional map positions in the mutant flagella. The 18 polypeptides provide a useful signature for identifying other mutants affecting the central-pair microtubular complex. Such mutants could be useful in defining the structural or functional role of these polypeptides in the central microtubules. Efforts to obtain additional central-pair mutants based on the motility phenotype of the four mutants analyzed here have yielded mutants which are allelic to three of the four mutants. PMID- 7028764 TI - The serum-free growth of cultured cells in bovine colostrum and in milk obtained later in the lactation period. AB - Seven established cell lines, including both epithelial cells and fibroblasts (MDCK, Vero, CV-1, NRK, 3T3, F2408, and NIL8) and four early passage cell strains (bovine articular chondrocytes, bovine smooth muscle cells, human foreskin fibroblasts, and rat embryo cells) were cultured in serum-free medium supplemented with milk obtained 1 day after birth (colostrum) or 80 days after birth (older milk). MDCK, Vero, CV-1, NRK, and 3T3 grew readily in colostrum and attained saturation densities ranging from 22% to 63% of that in serum. There was no growth of F2408, NIL8, or the early passage strains in bovine colostrum. None of the 11 cell cultures grew in older milk. The temporal dependence of growth in milk was examined in detail using MDCK cells. Growth equivalent to that in serum occurred in 3% colostrum and in 15% milk obtained 2 days after birth. Milk obtained 3 days and 10 days after birth was not effective as a growth supplement for MDCK cells at any concentration. Those cells, unable to grow in colostrum or in older milk, could be induced to grow if culture dishes were precoated with fibronectin. In addition to fibronectin, it was necessary in some cultures to supplement colostrum or older milk with insulin and/or transferrin in order to achieve growth. In the presence of fibronectin and appropriate factors, the final saturation density attained in colostrum or older milk ranged from 25% to 100% of that in serum. The fibronectin contents of bovine colostrum and milk were determined. The fibronectin level of colostrum was found to be approximately 5% of bovine serum. There was no detectable fibronectin in the 80-day-old milk. PMID- 7028765 TI - [Value of anterior arthrodesis in the treatment of fractures of the pedicles of the axis (author's transl)]. AB - Many authors consider that satisfactory consolidation of fractures of the pedicles of the axis can be regularly obtained by conservative procedures. These lesions appear to be benign as far as their neurological complications are concerned, and yet a review of the world literature shows that 30 p. cent are treated surgically. In the limited number of cases where operation is justified, anterior arthrodesis through the sternomastoid with fixation by a plate appears to be less dangerous and more reliable than applying screws to the pedicles. Excellent functional results can be expected. Posterior arthrodesis appears to be less reliable, and gives poor functional results, and should be reserved for cases in which there is a combined fracture of both the odontoid and the pedicles. Anterior arthrodesis appears to be a logical choice, requiring no special surgical skills, as confirmed by the review of 257 cases reported in the published literature. PMID- 7028766 TI - [A technique combining a Collis gastroplasty and Nissen's fundoplication (author's transl)]. AB - A high rate of anatomical and symptomatic recurrence is frequently observed after surgical treatment of gastrooesophageal reflux, even when the classical methods described by Hill, Belsey, or Nissen are employed. A technique combining a Collis gastroplasty, which enables reconstruction of an intra-abdominal oesophageal segment, and Nissen's fundoplication, can effectively reduce the relapse rate. The various stages of the technique employed are described. PMID- 7028767 TI - Determination of some pyridinium aldoxime compounds by means of ion-pair reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography: application in biological material. AB - Two reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic systems are presented for the separation and assay of the pyridinium aldoximes benzyl-P2A, HI-6 and obidoxime in aqueous solutions and biological samples. The systems involve a 5 micrometer C18 silica gel stationary phase. The eluent consists of methanol, acetic acid buffer (pH 4.80), a counter ion (per-chlorate or n-octanesulphonate) and a surfactant. The compounds were detected spectrophotometrically at 304 nm. In the concentration range used, linear plots of concentration versus extinction were obtained, both in blood and in water. Detection limits plots of concentration versus extinction were obtained, both in blood and in water. Detection limits, even in blood are satisfactory (0.5-1 microM). Evidence of presented that, at least for HI-6, the addition of counter ions to the system does not lead to the formation of ion pairs to be retained by partition, but rather to a mechanism based on adsorption chromatography. PMID- 7028768 TI - Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis for chloroquine in body fluids. Application to studies of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the sensitive determination of chloroquine in body fluids. THe method has been applied to quality-control assay of World Health Organization (WHO) In-Vitro, Macro-Test Kits for the assessment of susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine. Experiments utilizing [14C] chloroquine demonstrated that water was not capable of efficiently desorbing chloroquine from the inside surfaces of kit vials. The addition of blood to the vials effectively desorbs chloroquine. Subsequent addition of the blood to aqueous base followed by hexane extraction permits quantitation by reversed-phase, ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography utilizing ultraviolet detection at 344 nm. The method is capable of determining as little as 20 ng of chloroquine per vial. This method, utilizing the methyl ether of 9-anthra cenemethanol as internal standard, can quantify chloroquine in 1 ml of blood or urine with a minimum detection limit of 20 ppb (ng/ml). Measurement of blood levels of chloroquine in persons contracting falciparum malaria while following a prophylactic regimen complements in-vitro drug susceptibility measurements in characterizing resistant strains of the parasite. PMID- 7028769 TI - Demonstration of the formation of renin and renin-binding protein complex using high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatograph equipped with the newly developed gel, TSK G3000SW, was used to study the interaction between renin and renin-binding protein (RBP). Previously, the interaction could only be demonstrated after overnight gel chromatography in the presence of a non-physiological sulfhydryl reagent. However, this new high-speed gel chromatography provided a clear separation of renin and renin--RBP complex within 40 min. It also demonstrated that the renin--RBP complex was formed at 37 degrees C in the absence of sulfhydryl reagent. Theses results indicate that the binding protein may play an important role in blood pressure regulation. PMID- 7028770 TI - Growth hormone-like material in normal human tissues. AB - We report herein the presence of extractable levels of immunoassayable (RIA) and receptor-assayable human GH (hGH)-like material in normal human liver, kidney, lung, striated muscle, colon, stomach, and brain. Levels of hGH by RIA were the highest in the liver (mean, 14.7 ng/g), followed by those in the kidney (mean, 11.3 ng/g) and lung (mean, 4.6 ng/g), but small amounts were detected in at least some specimens of all types of tissue. This material eluted in the region of monomeric pituitary hGH on Sephadex G-100 chromatography and showed parallelism in a RIA to pituitary hGH on log-logit plots of dose-response lines. Passage of the material through an anti-hGH immunocolumn greatly reduced its immunoreactivity. Assay of eight sets of extracts by receptor assay using a male rat liver membrane preparation showed the GH-like substance to have a receptor to immunoassay potency ratio of 3.8:1 relative to monomeric hGH standard. Scrupulous correction for acidity, osmolality, and possible protein and enzyme effects and extraction of the hGH-like material by immunoabsorption excluded the possibility of artifacts causing the appearance of hGH-like material in the extracts. PMID- 7028771 TI - Improved bioassay for insulin by continuous glucose monitoring. AB - The USP bioassay for insulin currently used by industry and government requires a sc injection of insulin to rabbits and multiple assays of blood glucose. One hundred and forty-four rabbits are usually assayed, each assay taking at least 2 weeks. A bioassay for insulin is described. The new assay is based on a continuous monitoring of blood glucose and repeated iv injection of insulin to dogs. The test is completed in 1 day and is carried out on one dog. The interassay variability of seven repeated tests of an off the shelf soluble insulin was +/- 8%. PMID- 7028772 TI - Alterations in circulating vitamin D metabolites in the young insulin-dependent diabetic. AB - To assess the relationship between the decreased bone mass observed in young insulin-requiring diabetic patients and vitamin D metabolism, we measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration in 45 white, insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, 7-18 yr of age. Metacarpal cortical thickness in 87% of these diabetics was below the mean for their respective ages, while 16% had a cortical thickness value greater than 2 sDs below the mean. Serum calcium and phosphate concentrations were normal, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone was in the low normal range, and total serum alkaline phosphatase was elevated compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Circulating 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations were significantly elevated, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was significantly decreased. The increase in 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D was greater in the diabetics with the most severe bone loss and was maximally increased during the first 5 yr of clinical diabetes. No apparent correlation was seen between metabolic control, as measured by hemoglobin A1C and urine and plasma glucose, and the circulating levels of the vitamin D metabolites. Despite appropriate insulin replacement, alterations in vitamin D metabolism occur in the young insulin-dependent diabetic and could relate to the decrease in cortical bone mass observed in these patients. PMID- 7028773 TI - Insulin receptors in the pregnant diabetic and her newborn. AB - To ascertain if changes in the diabetic state during pregnancy were mediated by alterations in insulin receptors, we studied insulin receptors on monocytes and erythrocytes from 18 pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) during the first and third trimesters. In the first trimester, insulin binding to both cell types was similar to that in normal nonpregnant women. Moreover, insulin receptor binding remained unchanged during the third trimester even in the face of the significantly increased insulin requirement and concomitant hyperinsulinemia. Our findings suggest that changes in insulin receptors are not primarily involved in alterations of diabetic control during pregnancy. Newborns of mothers with IDD have the appearance of fetal gigantism and often suffer from neonatal hypoglycemia. To determine whether altered insulin receptor binding might contribute to these phenomena, we studied insulin receptors on monocytes and erythrocytes in infants of normal mothers (n = 21) and mothers with IDD (n = 14). Compared to adults, insulin binding to both cell types from both categories of infants was significantly increased and to the same extent. The combination of fetal hyperinsulinemia and increased receptor binding in the presence of hyperglycemia may account, at least in part, for the accelerated growth of fetuses born of diabetic mothers. Finally, the enhanced neonatal glucose tolerance of these babies may be related not only to the hyperinsulinemia but also to increased insulin sensitivity mediated, in part, by the increased insulin receptor binding. PMID- 7028774 TI - Circulating diiodotyrosine: studies of its serum concentration, source, and turnover using radioimmunoassay after immunoextraction. AB - This report describes the application of a sensitive, specific, and reproducible RIA for diiodotyrosine (DIT) in human serum and metabolic studies on the source and kinetics of circulating DIT. Interference by cross-reactivity of T4 and other analogs was completely eliminated by isolation of DIT from serum with an efficient preparative immunoprecipitation technique. Mean (+/- SD) serum DIT levels were 161 +/- 133 pmol/liter (7.0 ng/100 ml) in 41 normal subjects, 64 +/- 30 pmol/liter in 46 pregnant women, 241 +/- 83 pmol/liter in the cord serum of 48 newborn infants, 542 +/- 494 pmol/liter in 22 hyperthyroid patients, and 101 +/- 71 pmol/liter in 15 hypothyroid patients. Mean values in pregnant, newborn and hyperthyroid subjects were significantly different from the normal mean. Very low DIT serum levels were found in four athyreotic patients during oral T4 substitution therapy, indicating that little DIT is formed by peripheral T4 degradation. In five normal subjects who received a single oral dose of 3 mg T4, serum DIT remained unchanged in one case and decreased in four cases. Radioimmunological measurements of DIT elimination from serum after the iv injection of 1 mg DIT in two normal volunteers gave MCRs of 103 and 133 liters/day and an average extrathyroidal DIT turnover rate of 19 nmol/day (8.2 microgram/day). These data indicate that circulating DIT arises predominantly from the thyroid, suggesting that peripheral formation of DIT is a minor metabolic pathway in the human. PMID- 7028775 TI - In vivo observations on the lipolytic effect of noradrenaline during therapeutic fasting. AB - To assess the influence of fasting on the lipolytic effect of catecholamines in vivo noradrenaline (NA) was infused to 15 obese subjects before and after 7 days of fasting. The infusion of 7.5 microgram/min NA for 10 min was associated with a greater lipolytic response during than before fasting, as judged from changes in the plasma FFA and glycerol levels. The hemodynamic effects of NA were similar in both conditions. NA sensitivity was tested by infusing the hormone at an increasing rate from 0.05-2 microgram/min. During fasting, there was a 10-fold increase in the sensitivity to the lipolytic effect of NA, and the NA infusion significantly reduced the mean serum insulin level. Before fasting, the insulin level was constant during NA infusion. The increments in the plasma NA concentration were similar in both conditions. When insulin was infused at a constant rate, and graded NA doses were infused simultaneously, no lipolytic effect of NA at rates of 1 and 2 microgram/min significantly increased the plasma glycerol level. Thus, fasting enhances the lipolytic effect of NA in vivo, and this effect is due to increased sensitivity to NA and also to NA-induced depression of the circulating insulin level. PMID- 7028776 TI - Differential effects of tolbutamide on first and second phase insulin secretion in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Immunoreactive insulin responses to a 20-g iv glucose challenge during a 7.5 mg/m2/min tolbutamide infusion were studied in 21 untreated noninsulin-dependent male diabetics. All data were analyzed by paired t tests. During the tolbutamide infusion, compared to the saline control period in the same subjects, glucose levels were lowered [217 +/- 17 vs. 196 +/- 16 mg/dl (mean +/- SEM); P less than 0.005], and there was an increase in both first phase (2 +/- 1 vs. 16 +/- 4 micro U/ml; P less than 0.005) and second phase insulin responses (296 +/- 71 vs. 499 +/- 101 micro U. min/ml; P less than 0.05; n = 21). However, when the prestimulus glucose level was lowered by an insulin infusion (214 +/- 20 vs. 145 +/- 17 mg/dl; P less than 0.001), no effect on first phase insulin secretion was observed, and the second phase response decreased (290 +/- 78 vs. 124 +/ 55 micro U. min/ml; P less than 0.005; n = 11; saline control vs. insulin infusion). In 8 subjects, the plasma glucose level during the tolbutamide infusion was kept constant by a concurrent variable glucose infusion. First phase insulin secretion was still increased, though no more than in studies were plasma glucose was not kept constant. However, there was further augmentation of the second phase response (tolbutamide alone, 443 +/- 142 micro U. min/ml; tolbutamide plus glucose, 802 +/- 232 micro U. min/ml; P less than 0.05). These findings indicate that tolbutamide augments first phase insulin secretion in untreated diabetics independently of the prestimulus glucose level. However, changes in the glucose level significantly modulate the sulfonylurea influence on the second phase insulin response to glucose. This effect of glucose level is an important consideration when evaluating the insulinotropic effects of a sulfonylurea. PMID- 7028777 TI - Dopaminergic stimulation and inhibition of growth hormone secretion in normal man: studies of the pharmacologic specificity. AB - We have previously reported that dopamine (DA) stimulates basal GH secretion, but blunts the response to hypoglycemia. Because the pharmacological specificity of these dual actions has never been determined, a four-part study was undertaken. Before the administration of regular insulin (0.1 U/kg), male subjects received saline, DA or the DA agonist bromocriptine either alone or during dopaminergic blockade with metoclopramide. DA and bromocriptine increased GH levels comparably, and pretreatment with metoclopramide abolished this response [control, 2.9 +/- 0.7 (+/- SE); DA, 12.8 +/- 3.2 (P less than 0.01); bromocriptine, 13.0 +/- 3.4 (P less than 0.05); bromocriptine plus metoclopramide, 4.8 +/- 1.4 ng/ml (NS compared to control; P less than 0.05 compared to bromocriptine)]. Both DA and bromocriptine significantly inhibited the GH response to hypoglycemia [peak increment: control, 35.2 +/- 4.8; DA, 7.5 +/- 1.8 (P less than 0.001); bromocriptine, 13.7 +/- 3.2 ng/ml (P less than 0.05)], while pretreatment with metoclopramide restored GH secretion to normal (24.5 +/- 6.8; NS compared to control). Similar results were obtained comparing the mean GH peaks and areas under the curve. While there was no correlation in the hypoglycemic GH responses between the control and dopaminergic studies, the blunting effects of dopamine and bromocriptine were highly correlated (r = 0.93; P less than 0.001). Consequently, under basal conditions, DA and bromocriptine stimulate GH to a similar degree and diminish the GH response to hypoglycemia comparably. Pretreatment with the DA antagonist metoclopramide returns GH secretion to normal by preventing the increase after bromocriptine and restoring the hypoglycemia-medicated rise. Therefore, the dual actions of DA on GH secretion are mediated by a dopaminergic mechanism, since they are mirrored by a specific DA agonist and prevented by a DA antagonist. PMID- 7028778 TI - [Recent advances in studies on amyloid and amyloidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028779 TI - [C-peptide immunoreactivity CPR), urine CPR, beta-cell function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028780 TI - [Studies on the increased capillary permeability by the intracutaneous administration of peptidoglycan fraction extracted from group A streptococcal cell walls (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028781 TI - [Effect of chemical mediators on the production of antigen induced migration inhibitory factors (MIF) of peritoneal exudate cells in the immune guinea pig, especially on the inhibitory effect of bradykinin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028782 TI - The health of workers. PMID- 7028783 TI - Raw milk and human gastrointestinal disease: problems resulting from legalized sale of "certified raw milk.". PMID- 7028784 TI - Anti-smoking legislation: the New Jersey experience. PMID- 7028785 TI - Replacement therapy of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Reversal of protease antiprotease imbalance within the alveolar structures of PiZ subjects. AB - The emphysema associated with the inherited serum deficiency of alpha 1 antitrypsin appears to result from an imbalance between neutrophil elastase and its major inhibitor within the alveolar structures. In the present study we assessed the feasibility of reversing this biochemical defect within the lung via parenteral replacement therapy with an alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrate of normal plasma. A 20--40% polyethylene glycol precipitate of pooled human donor plasma was used to obtain an enriched alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrate devoid of hepatitis B antigen and immunoglobulins. Using this material, five individuals with severe serum alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ phenotype) and advanced emphysema received 4 g of alpha 1-antitrypsin intravenously at weekly intervals for four doses. During this period of weekly replacement therapy alpha 1 antitrypsin serum levels were maintained at greater than or equal to 70 mg/dl, the level likely required for effective antielastase protection of the lung. In addition, assessment of lower respiratory tract antielastase activity by bronchoalveolar lavage demonstrated that parenteral replacement of alpha 1 antitrypsin resulted in establishment of effective antielastase activity within the alveolar structures. There were no untoward side effects consequent to this approach to the replacement therapy of alpha 1-antitrypsin. These results demonstrate that the parenteral replacement of alpha 1-antitrypsin provides a means of obtaining elastase-antielastase balance within the lung of individuals with this serum protease inhibitor deficiency. PMID- 7028786 TI - Estimated rate of prostacyclin secretion into the circulation of normal man. AB - The rate of secretion of prostacyclin (PGI2) into the circulation of normal man was estimated by measurement of the 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha (D) and 15-keto 13,14-dihydro-2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha (KDD) urinary metabolites of PGI2. Subjects received 6-h intravenous infusions of vehicle alone and PGI2 at 0.1, 0.4, and 2.0 ng/kg per min in random order. The fractional elimination of the metabolites was independent of the rate of PGI2 infusion. 6.8 +/- 0.3% of the infused PGI2 appeared as D and 4.1 +/- 0.4% as KDD. The regression of infused PGI2 upon the quantities of the two metabolites excreted in excess of control values permitted estimation of the rate of entry of endogenous PGI2 into the circulation corresponding to a given quantity of metabolite excreted. Using the quantities excreted in the 24 h from commencement of the infusions the estimated rates were 0.08 +/- 0.02 ng/kg per min from D and 0.10 +/- 0.03 from KDD. Studies with exogenous PGI2 suggest that infusion rates 2--4 ng/kg per min are required to achieve the threshold for inhibition of platelet function (ex vivo) in man. Although not precluding a role for PGI2 in local platelet-vessel wall interactions, the much lower estimates obtained in this study suggest that endogenous PGI2 is unlikely to act as a circulating antiplatelet agent in healthy man. PMID- 7028787 TI - Radioimmunological determination of insulinlike growth factors I and II in normal subjects and in patients with growth disorders and extrapancreatic tumor hypoglycemia. AB - Serum levels of immunoreactive insulinlike growth factors (IGF) I and II were determined by a modified IGF I and a new IGF II radioimmunoassay in normal children and adults, and in patients with acromegaly, isolated growth hormone deficiency, and extrapancreatic tumor hypoglycemia. Serum samples were gel filtered by a simple routine procedure at acidic pH to dissociate and separate IGF from the IGF carrier protein. Mean immunoreactive IGF I levels (+/- SD; corrected for crossreactivity of IGF II) were 193 +/- 58 ng/ml in normal adult subjects, 712 +/- 245 ng/ml in acromegalic patients and 24 +/- 14 ng/ml in patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency. The lack of growth hormone alone, irrespective of an otherwise normal hormonal status, appears to be responsible for the drastic decrease of IGF I levels. Oversecretion of growth hormone does not increase the levels of immunoreactive IGF II: mean levels (+/- SD; corrected for crossreactivity of IGF I) in normal and acromegalic subjects are virtually identical (647 +/- 126 and 641 +/- 189 ng/ml, respectively). Apparently, normal growth hormone levels stimulate IGF II production already maximally. However in growth hormone deficiency immunoreactive IGF II is significantly decreased (252 +/- 99 ng/ml). Thus, IGF II, like IGF I, is growth hormone dependent. But in contrast to IGF I, the growth hormone dependence of IGF II seems to become apparent only at subnormal growth hormone levels. In normal children IGF I is age dependent: it is low in newborn cord sera (51 +/- 20 ng/ml) and gradually rises into the adult range with increasing age. At the onset of and during puberty mean IGF I levels lie above prepubertal values. In contrast, IGF II levels in normal children are independent of age and pubertal stage beyond the first year of life, whereas newborns have significantly lower IGF II values. Hypoglycemia resulting from extrapancreatic tumors is not associated with increased immunoreactive IGF I or II levels. IGF I is decreased in most of the sera (mean level +/- SD:56 +/- 39 ng/ml) whereas IGF II lies in the normal range (556 +/- 195 ng/ml). PMID- 7028789 TI - Pitfalls in the assay of cortisol. AB - Many currently used cortisol assays, including commercially available kits, are validated only for adult serum and may give misleading results when applied to urine, fetal or neonatal serum or amniotic fluid. Evidence for such errors is presented to illustrate the danger and confusion which may result. PMID- 7028788 TI - Reactivity of a monoclonal antibody with human ovarian carcinoma. AB - A murine monoclonal antibody (OC125) has been developed that reacts with each of six epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell lines and with cryopreserved tumor tissue from 12 of 20 ovarian cancer patients. By contrast, the antibody does not bind to a variety of nonmalignant tissues, including adult and fetal ovary. OC125 reacts with only 1 of 14 cell lines derived from nonovarian neoplasms and has failed to react with cryostat sections from 12 nonovarian carcinomas. PMID- 7028790 TI - Protein radioiodination in a radioassay laboratory: evaluation of commercial Na125I reagents and related biohazards. AB - Three commercial Na125I solutions (Amersham, New England Nuclear, and Union Carbide) have been examined with respect to multiple parameters affecting their use in the radioiodination of three representative peptides (insulin, growth hormone, and gastrin): % of radioiodine incorporation in protein; immunoreactivity and non-specific binding properties of the radiolabeled proteins; pH, volatility, and radionuclidic purity of radioiodine solutions; and vial construction with respect to multidose use. All three commercial Na125I produced radioiodinated proteins of good quality for use in radioligand assays. The radioiodines differed with respect to the amount of iodine released during initial vial opening as a consequence of different pH levels: 15 nCi/mCi (pH 12.5) to 1.0 microCi/mCi (pH 7.5). Two of the three products were shipped in vials with poor construction with respect to multidose use. Selection of a radioiodine was therefore reduced to the secondary considerations of iodine volatility and vial construction. The volatilized radioiodine observed during the spill of millicuries quantities of unbuffered pH 7.5 Na125I was 14 microcuries per millicurie within the first 30 minutes. One thickness of rubber gloves reduced potential skin contamination from an accidental spill to insignificant levels: 20-30 picocuries per microcurie. Common good housekeeping procedures: i.e. rubber gloves, laboratory coat and a fume hood were found to be sufficient protection to eliminate most radioiodine volatility and contamination hazards associated with protein radiolabeling procedures. PMID- 7028791 TI - Evaluation of intramuscular levonantradol and placebo in acute postoperative pain. AB - Double-blind administration of a single intramuscular dose of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 mg levonantradol or placebo to 56 patients with moderate to severe postoperative or trauma pain showed significant analgesic effects of each dose of levonantradol as compared to placebo (P less than 0.05). However, no significant dose response was observed. Compared to 2/16 patients on placebo, 23/40 patients (57 per cent) on levonantradol reported one or more side effect. Drowsiness was most frequent. Dry mouth, dizziness, "weird dreams," mild hallucinations, nervousness, apprehension and confusion occurred less frequently. Changes in resting heart rate and blood pressure were minor and general acceptability was good. PMID- 7028792 TI - Hypnotic and antiepileptic effects of cannabidiol. AB - Clinical trials with cannabidiol (CBD) in healthy volunteers, isomniacs, and epileptic patients conducted in the authors' laboratory from 1972 up to the present are reviewed. Acute doses of cannabidiol ranging from 10 to 600 mg and chronic administration of 10 mg for 20 days or 3 mg/kg/day for 30 days did not induce psychologic or physical symptoms suggestive of psychotropic or toxic effects; however, several volunteers complained of somnolence. Complementary laboratory tests (EKG, blood pressure, and blood and urine analysis) revealed no sign of toxicity. Doses of 40, 80, and 160 mg cannabidiol were compared to placebo and 5 mg nitrazepam in 15 insomniac volunteers. Subjects receiving 160 mg cannabidiol reported having slept significantly more than those receiving placebo; the volunteers also reported significantly less dream recall; with the three doses of cannabidiol than with placebo. Fifteen patients suffering from secondary generalized epilepsy refractory to known antiepileptic drugs received either 200 to 300 mg cannabidiol daily or placebo for as long as 4.5 months. Seven out of the eight epileptics receiving cannabidiol had improvement of their disease state, whereas only one placebo patient improved. PMID- 7028793 TI - Antiemetic effect of intramuscular levonantradol in patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy. AB - Positive results of investigations of the antiemetic activity of delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy have led to the development of levonantradol, a synthetic derivative of THC. We assessed both the antiemetic activity and toxicity of intramuscular levonantradol in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy who were refractory to conventional antiemetic therapy. An open dose-finding study was conducted using initial doses of 0.5 mg. Doses were escalated by 0.5 mg when an incomplete response with no toxicity was observed. Of the 28 patients initially treated, 25/28 (89 per cent) achieved a complete or partial antiemetic response at doses ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg. There was no difference in response rate with respect to age or patient size. Of the 31 patients evaluable for toxicity, six reported none. Dysphoria, the dose limiting toxicity, occurred in five patients (16 per cent) at 1.0 to 1.5-mg doses. The most commonly reported side effects were somnolence (48 per cent) and dry mouth (32 per cent). We conclude that intramuscular levonantradol is an effective antiemetic at doses as low as 0.5 mg. PMID- 7028794 TI - A comparative review of the pharmacological and toxicological properties of disulfiram and calcium carbimide. AB - Disulfiram and calcium carbimide are widely used alcohol deterrents. Their safe use, however, requires a knowledge of their pharmacology, toxicity, and interactions with alcohol and other drugs. The absorption, metabolism, and elimination of these compounds are described, and elimination of these compounds are described, as is the mechanism of their reaction with ethanol. The effects and limitations of the interaction between ethanol and disulfiram and calcium carbimide are discussed. Four areas of concern regarding toxicity are discussed, including medical complications of the reactions with alcohol, toxicity associated with repeated doses of disulfiram or calcium carbimide, possible interactions with other drugs, and acetaldehyde-induce hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. PMID- 7028795 TI - Historical perspectives and current highlights on lithium treatment in manic depressive illness. AB - This article reviews the use of lithium from Roman times, when physicians first recommended alkaline springs in the treatment of mania, to the present. Serious interest in lithium began in 1949, with a report of improvement of mania in 10 of 10 patients. Since then, lithium has become increasingly popular both for treating acute mania and as a prophylactic agent. Its use in depression is also described. Finally, lithium's clinical spectrum is discussed, noting that its use extends far beyond the treatment of mania. PMID- 7028796 TI - Monitoring lithium dose levels: estimation of lithium in blood and other body fluids. AB - The theoretical basis and practical application of the analytical procedures used to quantitate lithium in biological fluids, i.e., flame emission and atomic absorption, are described in their most simple form in nontechnical language. The clinical relevance of the erythrocyte to plasma ratio, saliva, urine, and spinal fluid lithium measures is discussed. Other topics include acute treatment plasma lithium levels and maintenance treatment plasma levels, pitfalls in sample collection, availability of micro (finger prick) procedures, and laboratory accuracy and evaluation. PMID- 7028797 TI - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in bipolar endogenous depressives. AB - Clinical lore suggests that monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are not effective in endogenous depression. A review of previous placebo-controlled trials of MAOI in patients with endogenous depression neither refutes nor confirms their utility in this patient group. We present patients in the depressive phase of bipolar illness refractory to treatment with tricyclics who have responded to MAOI. These open trials require confirmation in controlled studies. Bipolar illness may be a heterogeneous disorder. Presence or absence of X-linkage, low platelet MAO, or response to MAOI may indicate different forms of the disorder. PMID- 7028798 TI - A controlled study of trazodone, imipramine, and placebo in outpatients with endogenous depression. AB - A 4-wk double-blind controlled study of the antidepressant efficacy of the triazolopyridine derivative trazodone, in contrast to imipramine and placebo, was carried out in 30 endogenously depressed outpatients. Trazodone was found to be equivalent in efficacy to imipramine and statistically significantly superior to placebo. Trazodone showed a significant antidepressant effect relative to placebo when outcome was measured after only 7 days of treatment. This antidepressant effect was sustained for at least 5 mo as indicated by an open study phase following the double-bind study. Side effects, particularly anticholinergic properties, were significantly less apparent on trazodone compared to imipramine. A limited study of the relationship of trazodone plasma levels to therapeutic outcome revealed no simple linear relationship and represents a direction for future research. PMID- 7028799 TI - Some thoughts on a new antidepressant and a marking of the death of John Cade, MD. PMID- 7028800 TI - Cholinergic challenges in affective illness: behavioral and neuroendocrine correlates. AB - The cholinergic-adrenergic balance hypothesis of affective disorders suggests that, in the areas of the brain that regulate mood, depression may represent a relative predominance of central cholinergic tone over adrenergic tone and that mania may represent the converse. Currently, converging lines of investigation from a number of independent groups suggest that affective disorder patients may have a central cholinergic receptor hypersensitivity that induces a vulnerability to affective and neuroendocrine disturbances. This article reviews the evidence for cholinergic mechanisms in the regulation of affective state and describes current research strategies using centrally active cholinomimetic agents to explore disturbances in affective disorder subjects. PMID- 7028801 TI - Noradrenergic challenges in the affective disorders. AB - The rationale for the use of noradrenergic challenges, i.e., administration of psychopharmacological agents that alter noradrenergic activity, is reviewed in relation to evidence implicating the noradrenergic system as important in the etiology of treatment of the affective disorders. Recent studies employing both central noradrenergic challenges (amphetamine and clonidine) and peripheral noradrenergic challenges (tyramine, norepinephrine, and phenylephrine) are examined in terms of their behavioral, physiological, biochemical, and neuroendocrine effects. The potential utility of these challenges for clinical diagnosis and treatment planning in the affective disorders as well as for understanding possible biological factors in their etiology and emphasized. Research strategies for the future are suggested in this context. PMID- 7028802 TI - The dopamine system challenge in affective disorders: a review of behavioral and neuroendocrine responses. AB - The authors review studies of dopaminergic agents in affective disorder patients. Although evidence from cerebrospinal fluid studies, from the pharmacology of the antidepressants, and from several clinical trials implicates the dopamine system in the regulation of mood or activity level, as yet, no replicated study shows that affective level disorder patients are different from normals and their neuroendocrine response to the dopaminergic agents L-dopa and apomorphine. Some possible reasons for this apparent normality of neuroendocrine response are discussed. PMID- 7028803 TI - Pharmacological challenges to the endogenous opioid system in affective illness. AB - The discovery of an endogenous opioid system has been rapidly followed by animal studies suggesting its importance in neuroendocrine regulation and behavior. Abnormalities of these functions in affective illness suggest that evaluation of behavioral and hormonal responses following the clinical administration of opiate agonists or antagonists might yield information pertinent to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of depression. However, initial double-blind controlled clinical studies have yielded little evidence to support this suggested involvement of the opioid system in affective illness. Acute administration of opiate agonists has sometimes yielded a mild antidepressant response in depression, and naloxone has occasionally been reported beneficial in mania. There is, however, little to suggest that these responses are specific to affective illness. A decreased prolactin response to morphine administration has been reported in depression, but is not direct evidence of opioid system dysfunction in depression since abnormal prolactin responses to other challenges in depression have previously been reported. The endogenous opioid system is actually multiple systems marked by distinct distributions of multiple endogenous opioid peptides and opiate receptor subtypes, as well as varying accessibility to drug administration. Future challenges in depression may rely upon the development of opiate agonists and antagonists with preferential binding to opiate receptor subtypes and preferential distributions to stress particular endogenous opioid systems. Opiate peptide challenges may well be administered intrathecally to overcome the blood-brain barrier. Opiate antagonist challenges will rely upon increasing doses of naloxone, up to 10 mg/kg, in order to increase the range of blocked endogenous opiate systems. Chronic administration of challenges has been a seldom used strategy but may be important in evaluation of the physiology of sensitization and tolerance to pleasure in affective illness. PMID- 7028804 TI - Involvement of the central serotonergic system in affective illness. AB - This paper reviews the neuroanatomy and neuropharmacology of the central serotonergic system. Clinical evidence implicating altered serotonergic function in patients with affective disorders is summarized, as are the attempts to uncover central serotonergic dysfunction in these patients using pharmacological challenges. The authors conclude that the function of the brain serotonergic system in patients with affective disorders is relatively unexplored and would be a fruitful area of study for both the clinician and researcher. PMID- 7028805 TI - Bullous pemphigoid and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - Both bullous pemphigoid (BP) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are suspected of being autoimmune disorders. Each disorder has been reported with other diseases associated with autoimmune phenomena. Thyroid disorders have been reported with BP, but never well documented HT with thyroid antibodies. We report a patient with hypothyroidism due to HT who subsequently developed BP. The importance of this association is discussed, particularly as it relates to autoimmunity. PMID- 7028806 TI - Blistering distal dactylitis. AB - Blistering distal dactylitis is a distinctive infection localized to the volar fat pad of the distal phalanx of the finger. The causative agent is a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. The organism can be identified by a Gram-stained smear and culture of the blister fluid. The infection responds readily to incision and drainage, compresses, and a course of an appropriate oral antibiotic. PMID- 7028807 TI - Graft versus host disease. AB - Graft versus host disease (GVHD) occurs in 50% to 70% of patients receiving bone marrow transplants. It can also develop in immunosuppressed patients with malignancies who receive nonirradiated blood transfusions. Most work indicates that the primary mechanism of GVHD is cell-mediated. It is likely that humoral factors are involved as well. Cutaneous manifestations are the earliest and most frequent sign of the disease. These may be morbilliform, scarlantiniform, lichenoid, or sclerodermoid lesions. In acute GVHD, the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and liver are commonly affected. In chronic GVHD, findings similar to collagen vascular disorders are present. A skin biopsy establishes the diagnosis. PMID- 7028808 TI - Renal cortex visualization and analysis of dynamic CT curves of the kidney. AB - Renal cortex visualization and dynamic renal computed tomography (CT) were carried out by bolus injection of contrast medium. In vivo renal cortex visualization showed that renal cortex volume and cortex thickness are both inversely correlated with age. The percentage volumes of cortex and columns of Bertin are correlated inversely in non renal-failure subjects. Percentage volumes of cortex tend toward low values in renal failure and status after renal transplantation. In analyzing dynamic renal CT curves, the corticomedullary junction time is a good index of mild impairment of renal function. PMID- 7028809 TI - Maternal-fetal relationships of copper, manganese, and sulfur in ruminants. A review. AB - Placental transfer and localization of copper, manganese, and sulfur in the ruminant are described. The fetus is completely dependent upon the dam for its supply of these minerals. Numerous studies have shown significant correlations between fetal and maternal tissue copper concentration. Because copper is essential for development of the central nervous system of the embryonic lamb, an acute maternal hypocuprosis can cause gross brain lesions in the fetal or neonate lamb. Manganese deficiency in the gestating ruminant has deleterious effects on the developing embryo; inadequate dietary manganese induces an abnormal development of the epiphysial fetal cartilage. This review provides information on partition of dietary sulfur between maternal tissues, fetus, and placenta. Sulfur may be transferred to the ruminant fetus in a variety of organic forms as well as in the inorganic form. PMID- 7028810 TI - Dietary fat effects on blood insulin, glucose utilization, and milk protein content of lactating cows. AB - Relationships among dietary fat, glucose and insulin in blood plasma, and milk protein were investigated to determine mechanisms by which high fat diets depress milk protein percentage of lactating cows. Glucose clearance, determined by intravenous glucose infusion tolerance tests, of cows fed high fat diets was lower and insulin release higher than of control cows. Negative relationship between glucose utilization rate and insulin release was linear (correlation .85), suggesting that fat feeding induced insulin resistance. Feeding lipid in a protected supplement did not change production of milk or milk protein but depressed milk protein percentage and increased quantity and concentration of milk fat. Concentrations of total lipids in blood plasma were increased whereas glucose and insulin were reduced by protected lipid supplement. Dietary fat may impair amino acid transport into the mammary gland and milk protein synthesis by inducing insulin resistance. PMID- 7028811 TI - Tongue position and open-bite: the key roles of growth and the nasopharyngeal airway. PMID- 7028812 TI - Why salt? how much? PMID- 7028813 TI - Pedodontic patients with functional speech problems of articulation. PMID- 7028814 TI - Nutrition and immunity. AB - Severe protein deficiencies such as kwashiorkor result in immunosuppression of humoral cellular and mucosal immune systems. These suppressions result in a greater incidence of disease in animals and humans and create increased risks of morbidity and mortality due to infectious disease or neoplasias. The effect of moderate protein-calorie deficiency on immuno-competence appears to be highly variable in studies with experimental animals. In young animals, some parts of the host-defense systems are stimulated while other are inhibited. These effects appear to result in long life-spans. This may be due to slower maturation and, hence, a slower decline of host-defense systems in the moderately malnourished animals. PMID- 7028815 TI - Experimental marginal leakage around Isocap and Compocap S restorations. PMID- 7028816 TI - The effectiveness of a primer (contact resin) in diminishing marginal leakage of a direct filling resin (Isopast). PMID- 7028817 TI - 30th year reunion of four scientists marks less tooth decay around the world--the monofluorophosphate story. PMID- 7028818 TI - Freeze-dried bone: an alternative for autogenous bone. PMID- 7028819 TI - Etching a framework for anterior pontics: a case report. PMID- 7028821 TI - [Role of direct bonding in orthodontic practice]. PMID- 7028820 TI - The effect of heat and compression on the behavior of flask press springs. PMID- 7028822 TI - A 30-month clinical evaluation of the influence of finishing and size of restoration on the margin performance of five amalgam alloys. AB - The influence of finishing and size of the restorations using five amalgam alloys (Aristaloy, Dispersalloy, Oraloy, Sybraloy, and Tytin) was evaluated at 30 mo. when size of the restoration was considered, Dispersalloy displayed the best margin performance. Oraloy, Sybraloy, and Tytin were inferior to Dispersalloy and were grouped together. Aristaloy was inferior to all other alloys in the study. When the aspect of finishing was considered, Dispersalloy and Sybraloy evidenced excellent margin performance when unfinished. Aristaloy showed the worst margin performance of all the alloys in the study when unfinished, but showed remarkable improvement in margin performance when finished. PMID- 7028823 TI - Repair of surgical defects. I. Circular defects on the forehead. PMID- 7028824 TI - Perry Robins, M.D. PMID- 7028825 TI - Reconstruction of defects following Mohs' surgery. AB - Repairs of surgically produced wounds require fore-thoughts and planning individualized for particular patients and particular original conditions. Nowhere is this more important than in patients treated by Mohs' methods for cutaneous cancers. Indications for early and late repair and methodology by a variety of grafts and flaps are explored and illustrated. PMID- 7028826 TI - Chemoimmunotherapy for melanoma with DTIC, ACNU, VCR and OK432: evaluation of new combinations for survival rates, side effects and cellular immunity. PMID- 7028827 TI - Organ culture of adult human skin; effect of culture temperature. PMID- 7028828 TI - Clinical and histological studies of the classification and the natural course of the strawberry mark. PMID- 7028829 TI - Pathogenesis of genetic human hair disorders. PMID- 7028830 TI - The phenomenon of halo-like disappearance of the Mongolian spot on lesions combined with cafe au lait spot or acquired pigmented nevus. PMID- 7028831 TI - Ultrastructural studies of vitiligo with inflammatory raised borders. PMID- 7028832 TI - Exacerbation of psoriasis induced by indomethacin. PMID- 7028833 TI - Geographical pattern of pemphigus in North India. PMID- 7028834 TI - Classification and framing: a sociological analysis of task-centred nursing and the nursing process. AB - Sections of the British nursing profession have recently become interested in the nursing process as a means of providing better patient care and increased job satisfaction for nurses. Bernstein's code theory is used in this article to analyse theoretically the change from a task-oriented to a patient-oriented mode of organization of nursing care, and to suggest hypotheses regarding the possible effects of the change. The new mode is analysed as a different and more pervasive form of social control of patients and nurses, and, although it appears to be a radical initiative, the fundamental power structure within which nursing care is given is shown to be unchanged. Whether patients will be more satisfied with their care and nurses will experience less stress in the new mode cannot be taken for granted; they are matters which call for empirical investigation. PMID- 7028836 TI - The philosophy of dental health service: its relation to the changing social order. Advice from 1934. PMID- 7028835 TI - Transition to fatherhood: literature review. PMID- 7028837 TI - The presidents. Matthew Whildin Foster, 1889-1890. PMID- 7028838 TI - The management of alveolar cleft defects. PMID- 7028839 TI - The presidents. James Truman, 1896-1897. PMID- 7028840 TI - Root banking to preserve alveolar bone: a review and clinical recommendation. PMID- 7028841 TI - Postgraduate course presentations. Mold-induced asthma. PMID- 7028842 TI - Bronchial responsiveness to histamine or methacholine in asthma: measurement and clinical significance. PMID- 7028843 TI - Role of cell-mediated immunity in Hymenoptera allergy. AB - Currently there is little information regarding the immunologic mechanisms responsible for large local reaction (LLR) after Hymenoptera stings. To investigate this question, we measured in vitro lymphocyte proliferation and delayed skin reactivity to venom antigens in 10 subjects with LLR (six with LLR only and four with LLR and systemic reactions), seven subjects with systemic reactions, and eight nonallergic controls. The lymphocyte response to venoms in the LLR group was greater than that in either the systemic reactor group (p less than 0.05) or the control group (p less than 0.001). In contrast, lymphoproliferative responses to Candida albicans, streptokinase-streptodornase, and phytohemagglutinin were comparable in the three groups. Forty percent of the LLR group had positive delayed skin tests to venom antigens, and none of the patients in the systemic reactor group had such responses. These findings suggest that cellular immune mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of LLR after Hymenoptera stings. PMID- 7028844 TI - Pneumonia in the later years. AB - This lecture presents an outline of early historical observations on pulmonary disorders in relation to age, as well as current studies on respiratory-tract defense mechanisms, with particular reference to pneumonia. Special attention is paid to the prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by means of vaccines. Although much remains to be learned about this vaccine and its efficacy in some segments of the population at high risk from pneumococcal infection, current knowledge regarding its safety and efficacy warrants it more extensive use. Included are interesting notes on Osler's ambivalent attitude toward pneumonia in old age and his stimulating ideas on retirement, patterned after Trollope's writings, which contain an early cost-benefit analysis for events set in 1980. PMID- 7028845 TI - Adverse drug reactions among the elderly: a reassessment. AB - The elderly are widely believed to be predisposed to adverse drug reactions, chiefly because of the large quantities of drugs they consume, combined with the effects of aging on distribution, metabolism, and the patterns of drug usage. These beliefs affect the physician's prescribing behavior. To study the validity of these concepts, the supporting medical literature was reviewed. Existing studies of the rates of adverse drug reactions have several methodologic limitations, including inadequate control for disease severity, the use of calculation denominators which overestimate incidence, and dependence upon definitions of medication error rates which do not adequately reflect the potential for adverse outcome. Further studies are needed for clarification of drug-use patterns and problems among the elderly. PMID- 7028846 TI - Office-based surgery in podiatry. PMID- 7028847 TI - A method for the estimation of amino acid radioactivity in biological samples. AB - A method for quantitative estimation of total radioactivity present in the free amino acid fraction of tissue samples has been described. Samples deproteinized with cold acetone were extracted, in acidic medium, with ethyl ether (peroxide free); after centrifugation, the aqueous phase was used for amino acid derivatization at 40 degrees C for 15 h with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in bicarbonate-buffered medium. Aliquots of the derivatized samples were acidified and extracted twice again with ethyl ether. The combined organic phases were placed in glass scintillation vials, dried, and used for the determination of its radioactivity, corresponding to the radioactivity present in the free amino acid fraction of the sample. Deproteinized samples of rat blood plasma, as well as hen egg white and yolk were tested after addition of known quantities of 14C-labelled amino acids or glucose, for validation of the method. No glucose radioactivity was found in any of the extracted samples. All radioactivity added to the samples in the form of 14C-labelled alanine, glutamic acid, leucine and phenylalanine was quantitatively recovered in the derivatized fraction; only a fraction of arginine radioactivity was recovered. PMID- 7028848 TI - Physical therapy before and after transplantation. PMID- 7028849 TI - A simple colour subtraction method for angiographic examinations: the photographic method. PMID- 7028850 TI - Medical illustration in the Far East. PMID- 7028851 TI - [Use of absorbable monofilament running sutures during cataract extraction (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report monofilament Polyglatin 910 running suture's experience in cataract extraction surgery. The security of this method is procured by:--an adequate wound closure with a complete absorption within eight weeks;--the running suture assured excellent imperviousness;--the physicochemical excellent tolerance of the monofilament. PMID- 7028852 TI - [Dysmorphic idiopathic dwarfisms and their ocular manifestations]. PMID- 7028853 TI - [Arabinosyladenine in ophthalmology (author's transl)]. AB - Arabinosyladenine (Ara-A) is an antiviral compound employed for ophthalmological lesions in the form of a 3 p. cent ointment. This purine nucleoside has been shown to possess antiviral activity against several ADN viruses, including herpes simplex virus, but it is ineffective against ARN viruses. Its action in superficial herpetic keratitis is comparable with that of idoxuridine, tolerance to the two compounds being almost identical. Ara-A is of value for treating superficial keratitis lesions not responding to idoxuridine. The weak intra ocular penetration of Ara-A explains its lack of efficacy in stromal keratitis and herpetic kerato-uveitis, forms in which certain analogues of Ara-A could be beneficial. PMID- 7028854 TI - [The radioimmunological assaying of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH RH) in human beings. A general review (author's transl)]. AB - The authors attempted to work out a synthesis of the known factors about the specifications required for the levels of LH-RH and for finding this hormone in different human biological milieux. Searching for endogenous LH-RH in women, men and children has given very different results. The disparity between the levels that have been found, which are often at the very limits of detection by the methods used, can be explained by the type of specification of the level and by the effects of the biological milieu used and by the breakdown of endogenous LH RH in the living organism. The conclusion is that the values that have been found up to now are not really reliable and of no great use in human clinical work. PMID- 7028855 TI - The relationship between plasma renin activity and renal electrolyte excretion in the fetal sheep. AB - In eight fetal sheep the factors influencing renal sodium excretion were determined and related to the activity of the renin-angiotensin system. There was a direct relationship between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the amount of sodium reabsorbed (P less than 0.001) suggesting that glomerular tubular balance plays an important role in regulation of fetal sodium excretion. There was also a direct relationship between GFR and urinary sodium excretion (P less than 0.05). Since the percentage of the filtered sodium load that was reabsorbed was inversely related to the urinary Na/K ratio, (P less 0.001), the distal convoluted tubule is actively involved in the regulation of renal sodium excretion. There was no relationship between plasma renin activity and plasma sodium, and plasma osmolality or mean arterial pressure. There was however an inverse relationship between urinary sodium excretion and plasma renin activity, similar to that seen in adult animals (Vander & Miller, 1964) and between log plasma renin activity and GFR (P less than 0.001). These experiments do not distinguish between a possible effect of angiotensin on GFR and hence renal sodium excretion, and the possible effects of a variable GFR on distal tubular sodium delivery and hence renin secretion. However they do show that the fetal renin-angiotensin system like the adult renin-angiotensin system is closely linked to those renal factors that influence renal sodium excretion. PMID- 7028856 TI - Laryngeal, vagal and intercostal reflexes during the early postnatal period. PMID- 7028857 TI - Lactoferrin: nuclear localization in the human neutrophilic granulocyte? AB - Conditions were established whereby nuclear or cytoplasmic immunocytochemical localization of lactoferrin was observed in the human peripheral blood granulocyte. A positive nuclear staining reaction was obtained when cells were either not fixed or treated with most fixatives. However, treatment of blood smears with formaldehydeacetone prior to the immunocytochemical localization gave a cytoplasmic staining reaction. A method was developed that allowed us to examine proteins obtained from granulocyte nuclei isolated from fixed cells. Only a trace amount of lactoferrin was detected in the electrophoretically separated nuclear proteins obtained from granulocytes treated for 1 min with formaldehyde acetone. However, lactoferrin was major protein component in nuclei isolated from untreated cells, cells treated with other fixatives, or cells preincubated in buffered saline prior to formaldehyde-acetone fixation. formaldehyde-acetone treatment of nuclear materials containing lactoferrin did not extract lactoferrin or mask it from detection, thus indicating that lactoferrin found in the mature neutrophilic granulocyte nucleus is most likely acquired from other cellular organelles during tissue processing. PMID- 7028858 TI - "Fast" isomyosins and fiber types in mammalian skeletal muscle. AB - Immunohistochemical procedures have been used to correlate antigenic differences among fast isomyosins with their specific localization in particular types of rat muscle fibers. Antisera were produced in rabbits against myosins isolated from guinea pig fast-white (tensor fasciae latae) and fast-red (masseter) muscles. After sequential cross-adsorptions on insolubilized heterologous myosins, antibodies mainly directed against heavy chain determinants were obtained. In indirect immunofluorescence assays, these antibodies selectively stained fast white (type IIB) and fast-red (type IIA) fibers, respectively. Slow-twitch (type I) fibers, which were reactive with antibodies against soleus muscle myosin, were unreactive with anti-fast-myocin antibodies. In addition to these major types of fibers, with unique immunoreactivity, two groups of fibers with double reactivity were identified: 1) fibers reactive with anti-slow-twitch and anti-fast-red antibodies (corresponding to IIC fibers with enzyme histochemistry) and 2) fibers reactive with anti-fast-red and anti-fast-white antibodies. We propose to identify these fibers with the symbols I in equilibrium with IIA and IIA in equilibrium with IIB, respectively, as they may be considered as intermediate and/or transitional stages between the major fiber types. No fibers were reactive with both anti-slow-twitch and anti-fast-white antibodies. Therefore, muscle fibers may change in a sequential manner, from I leads to IIA leads to IIB or in the reverse direction, suggesting an obligatory sequence of gene activation. PMID- 7028859 TI - Suppression of endogenous avidin-binding activity in tissues and its relevance to biotin-avidin detection systems. AB - As biotin-avidin systems continue to be developed for applications involving single cells, cell suspensions, and especially tissue sections, the need arises for a method of blocking endogenous avidin-binding activity. One such method is described and its proposed mechanism is discussed. Utilizing this method, endogenous avidin-binding activity was detected and suppressed in selected human and murine tissues, thus facilitating the interpretation of specific immunohistochemical staining utilizing hybridoma monoclonal antibodies in a biotin-avidin-horseradish peroxidase detection system. PMID- 7028860 TI - Sciatin: immunocytochemical localization of a myotrophic protein in chicken neural tissues. AB - A mytotrophic protein (sciatin) purified from chicken sciatic nerves has "trophic" or "maintenance" effects on cultured muscle. We have elicited a specific antiserum against purified sciatin in rabbits. Using this antiserum, we investigated the distribution of sciatin in embryonic and adult chicken tissues by an unlabeled peroxidase-an-tiperoxidase method at the light microscopic level. The antiserum stained adult chicken neural tissues in situ and cultured embryonic chick neurons. Staining was intense in the cell bodies of spinal cord neurons and the axoplasm of sciatic nerves. These was reaction product seen in the outer margins of myelin sheaths that corresponded to the Schwann cell cytoplasm. Cerebral cortical neurons were weakly stained by the antiserum. No staining was apparent in oligodendrocytes or astrocytes. Nonneural tissues, such as skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle, kidney, and liver, were also unstained by the antiserum. Cultured spinal cord neurons, cerebral cortical neurons, and sensory neurons were stained immunocytochemically by the antiserum. There was no reaction product seen in the glial cells that are usually present in neuronal cultures or cultured cells from liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Our results thus show that the myotrophic protein is localized in neuronal perikarya and their processes in vivo as well as in vitro. PMID- 7028861 TI - Epidermal growth factor and renin in mouse submandibular glands. AB - Epon sections of the submandibular gland of SWF/J male mouse were stained immunocytochemically for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and renin. Most cells of the granular convoluted tubules (GCT) contained both EGF and renin. However, examinations of adjacent semithin or thin sections stained for EGF and renin, respectively, revealed a small population of GCT cells that contained EGF but no renin. Within a cell all secretory granules contained both EGF and renin. The renin-negative/EGF-positive cells may represent a subpopulation of tubular cells that do not express, or carry, the renin gene. PMID- 7028862 TI - Presidential address to the American Association of Immunologists in Atlanta, Georgia, April 15, 1981. The era of the immunogeneticist. PMID- 7028863 TI - Activated T cells in human peripheral blood: quantitation with a reverse hemolytic plaque assay. AB - Rabbit antiserum to culture supernatant of concanavalin A-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells was used in a reverse hemolytic plaque assay to detect activated T lymphocytes in human peripheral blood. The number of plaque-forming cells in fresh, unstimulated lymphocyte preparations was approximately 400/10(6) cells, and increased 7- to 14-fold after stimulation with a variety of mitogens and antigens. The kinetics of the increase paralleled 3H-thymidine incorporation, with a maximum on day 3 of culture. Plaques were eliminated by treatment of cells with anti-Leu-I + complement or by depletion of E-rosettes. The activated T cells were not restricted to a given inducer, suppressor, or Ia+ T cell subset, however. Both mitogen-stimulated culture supernatants and mitogen-activated lymphocytes, but not resting lymphocytes, were effective in absorbing the capacity of the rabbit antiserum to develop plaques. This suggested that the predominant specificity of this antiserum was directed toward surface membrane determinant(s) of T cells actively shed into the medium. This process was shown to require ongoing protein synthesis, and, in mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte preparations, DNA synthesis as well. This approach has enabled detection of a surprisingly large number of endogenously activated T cells in normal human blood, and should be useful for the analysis of immunoregulatory events at the single-cell level. PMID- 7028864 TI - Immunosuppression in murine malaria: a soluble immunosuppressive factor derived from Plasmodium berghei-infected blood. AB - Mice infected with Plasmodium berghei have a depressed immune response to a variety of antigens. We report the extraction, purification, and characterization of a soluble immunosuppressive substance derived from P. berghei-infected mouse blood. A crude extract, prepared by solubilization of infected erythrocytes in a Parr cell disruption bomb, reduced the anti-DNP PFC response of mice injected with the extract 1 day before immunization. Purification of the immunosuppressant was accomplished by precipitation with 50% saturated ammonium sulfate followed by chromatography on Sephadex G-150 in the presence of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. The immunosuppressive activity was recovered in the last fraction eluted from the Sephadex G-150 column that contained low m.w. components. The activity was abrogated by trypsin digestion, but not by periodate oxidation. Volume for volume, the purified immunosuppressant had a 100-fold greater activity than the crude extract from which it was derived. It suppressed the response to the T dependent antigens DNP-KLH and SRBC, but not to the T-independent antigen DNP Ficoll. PMID- 7028865 TI - Moculating effect of the late-acting components of the complement system on the bactericidal activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes on E. coli 0111:B4. AB - The effect of complement (C) components on the intracellular killing of E. coli 0111:B4 by human PMN was studied. Various intermediate bacteria were prepared by opsonizing IgM-coated 0111:B4 with yeast cell-treated human serum (BAC1-3), a C6 deficient human serum (BAC1-5), a C8-deficient human serum (BAC1-7), a C8 deficient human serum, and with partially purified C8 (BAC1-8). All these bacterial preparations were phagocytosed by human PMN, but only BAC1-8 and, to a lesser extent, BAC1-5 were killed. Similar results were obtained when the 400 x G postnuclear supernatant (PNS) of PMN homogenate was used instead of intact leukocytes. The C9 nature of the killing factor in the PMN homogenate was ruled out by its inability to lyse EAC1-8 and by the finding that the killing of BAC1-8 by the PMN factor was not inhibited by the antiserum against human C9. The anti C5 and anti-C8 antisera were unable to inhibit the killing by the PNS of BAC1-5 and BAC1-8, respectively, suggesting that bound C5 and C8 do not provide a binding site for the killing factor. PMID- 7028866 TI - Monoclonal antibodies recognizing normal human T lymphocytes and malignant human B lymphocytes: a comparative study. AB - We have undertaken a direct comparison of 8 different murine monoclonal antibodies that recognize antigens shared by human T cells and certain malignant B cells. Immune precipitation, lysostripping, and competitive binding experiments indicate that the antigenic determinants detected by antibodies Leu 1, T101, 17F12, SC1, A50, OKT1, and 10.2 are closely associated on the same molecular species and may in fact be identical. The antigenic determinant recognized by antibody 12.1, which has properties similar to the 1 detected by other antibodies, is present on a distinct cell-surface molecule. Our results emphasize the importance of a quantitative direct comparison of different monoclonal antibodies in distinguishing newly reported antibodies from those already described. Such a comparison can resolve apparent discrepancies that arise either from methodologic variations or from differences in antibody avidity. PMID- 7028867 TI - Clonal assay for T helper cells (TH) and conditions for H-2-restricted linked cooperation between TH and hapten-primed B cells: application to the quantitation of hemocyanin or Leishmania tropica-specific TH in primed mice. PMID- 7028868 TI - Hemolytic plaque formation by cellular and noncellular elements of human colostrum. AB - The morphologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical characteristics of colostral elements that form indirect IgA hemolytic plaques were determined. Microscopic examination of hemolytic plaques revealed noncellular, globular elements at the center of 82% of the plaques formed by colostral cell preparations. Similar globules in colostral cell preparations contained IgA, IgG, IgM, SC, lactoferrin, alpha-lactalbumin, and lipid. Lysates of colostral cell preparations contained large amounts (500 ng/10(6) cells) of polymeric, SC associated IgA. These findings suggest that plaque formation by colostral cell preparations may be due to the release of passively acquired, preformed S-IgA from colostral elements, rather than active production of IgA by lymphoid cells. PMID- 7028869 TI - Transfer of lymphocytes of Peyer's patches between immunoglobulin allotype congenic mice: repopulation of the IgA plasma cells in the gut lamina propria. AB - Repopulation of the IgA plasma cells in the gut lamina propria was studied by lymphocyte transfers between histocompatible, immunoglobulin allotype congenic mice (CB-20 and BALB/cJ). Among the lymphocytes transferred, Peyer's patch lymphocytes showed the highest efficiency in the repopulation. The donor IgA plasma cells appeared suddenly in the gut lamina propria in substantial numbers at day 8, increased exponentially, and repopulated essentially tne entire gut lamina propria at days 12 to 14. By sequential transfer of lymphoid cells, lymphoid cell culture, splenectomy, and jejunum-shielded total body irradiation of the recipient mice, the majority of the patch IgA precursors were found migrating directly to the spleen rather than to the gut lamina propria. The patch IgA precursors resided in the spleen for at least 5 days and then migrated to the gut lamina propria, where they further divided and matured into IgA plasma cells. However, the spleen is not a completely obligatory tissue in the migration route because the repopulation was only partially reduced when patch cells were transferred into splenectomized recipients. In the splenectomized recipients, the patch IgA precursors did not migrate directly to the gut lamina propria either, which suggests that indirect homing to the gut lamina propria is a characteristic of the patch IgA precursor cells. PMID- 7028870 TI - Immunohistologic localization of "facteur thymique serique" (FTS) in human thymic epithelium. PMID- 7028871 TI - Lymphoid cell responses to bacterial cell wall components: polyclonal and immune responses of murine B cells to Streptococcus mutans carbohydrate antigens. PMID- 7028872 TI - Autoimmunity induced by type II collagen-coupled spleen cells. PMID- 7028873 TI - Monoclonal antibodies reactive with acute myelogenous leukemia cells. AB - Two cytotoxic monoclonal antibodies (D5D6 and C10H5) were raised to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells. One of them, D5D6, reacted with 100% of the cells from 44/50 AML patients. The second, C10H5, reacted with 100% of the cells from 13/39 AML patients. D5D6 and C10H5 were cytotoxic to 100% of the monocytes from all healthy donors tested. Apart from monocytes, these antibodies did not react with any other peripheral blood cells from normal donors or with cancerous cells either from cell culture lines or from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), lymphoid leukemias, or solid tumors. These antibodies inhibited the growth of the myeloid-monocytic stem cell, the CFU-C, and reacted with a minor population of normal bone marrow cells by immunofluorescence. Both D5D6 and CH5 have potential utility for the differential diagnosis of acute leukemia, for the detection of early leukemic relapse, and for enrichment of human stem cells. PMID- 7028874 TI - Binding of C-reactive protein to human lymphocytes. I. Requirement for a binding specificity. AB - Our laboratory previously reported that C-reactive protein (CRP) binds selectively to T lymphocytes and inhibits certain of their reactivities in vitro. However, these findings could not be repeated using more highly purified CRP preparations even under a variety of experimental conditions. Purified CRP alone did not bind to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL); however, in the presence of a ligand such as pneumococcal C-polysaccharide (CPS), CRP binding was readily detectable both by immunofluorescence and by a radioassay established for this purpose. The optimal concentration of CRP, ratio of CRP:CPS, and time and temperature for reactivity were determined using both assays. A markedly enhanced rate of binding was observed after pre-equilibration of CRP with calcium. A small percentage (mean 3.0%; range 0.5 to 8.0%) of PBL bound complexed CRP, and saturation was reached with 200 microgram CRP/ml. Reactivity of CRP with a multimeric form of phosphocholine (PC) (KLH-PC44) led to binding comparable to that observed with CPS, whereas monomeric PC inhibited the binding. Thus, in the presence of a multimeric binding specificity, CRP binds to a small fraction of peripheral blood lymphocytes, which are characterized in the accompanying paper. PMID- 7028875 TI - Binding of C-reactive protein to human lymphocytes. II. Interaction with a subset of cells bearing the Fc receptor. AB - In the preceding paper we reported that C-reactive protein (CRP) in the presence of a multimeric binding specificity such as C-polysaccharide (CPS) binds to a small percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). In the present paper additional methods for demonstrating this binding were developed and utilized to help characterize the CRP-binding cell. Heat-modified CRP and E-CPS-CRP each were found to bind to a similar percentage of PBL by microscopic visualization, and an identical degree of binding was observed by cytofluorimetric analysis. Multiple marker studies indicated that CRP-binding cells are found in the T cell, B cell, and null cell categories in a ratio of 2:1:1, respectively. Preferential overlap was seen with IgG FcR-bearing cells, which accounted for 70% of the CRP-binding cells; however, only 12% of the FcR cells bound CRP. These studies indicate that CRP-binding cells predominantly represent a subset of cells bearing FcR, and these cells have the morphologic characteristics of large granular lymphocytes. CRP in the presence of CPS bound to cells of multiple human and murine cultured lines shown to have IgG FcR reactivity, but showed lesser or no binding to cell lines negative for FcR. The precise morphologic and functional characterization of the CRP-binding cells and the nature of the binding site are yet to be established. PMID- 7028876 TI - Macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (MICG): a marker for embryonic prothymocytes in the mouse. AB - Adult thymocytes and peripheral T cells synthesize and insert a glycoprotein into their plasma membrane that is termed macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (MICG). This protein, in contrast to other T cell markers, was shown to be present in embryonic prothymocytes as soon as they appear in the thymic rudiment. Furthermore, some hematopoietic cells in the fetal liver were shown to contain MICG at a period in gestation before the completion of lymphocyte migration to the thymus. These results are discussed in terms of the requirements for embryonic cell migration. PMID- 7028877 TI - Endodontic-orthodontic-prosthetic therapy--a case report. PMID- 7028878 TI - Comparison of counter-immunoelectrophoresis with other tests in the diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. PMID- 7028879 TI - Leucocytic agglutination using Litomosoides carenii cuticular antigen and the serum of bancroftian filariasis. PMID- 7028880 TI - Treatment of rodent malaria with levamisole. PMID- 7028881 TI - A preliminary study of antibodies against Trichomonas vaginalis infection using the I.F.A.T. PMID- 7028882 TI - Leishmaniasis in rodents caught in Suez Canal Zone, Egypt. PMID- 7028883 TI - Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of diethylcarbamazine (Hetrazan) in Bancroftian filariasis using various techniques in Upper Egypt. PMID- 7028884 TI - Malarial antibodies and parasitaemias in immunosuppressed mice. PMID- 7028885 TI - An authentic case of pulmonary malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. PMID- 7028886 TI - [Definition and classification of the double-outlet right ventricle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028887 TI - [The prosthetic (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) aortopulmonary shunt for cyanotic heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028888 TI - [A case report of spontaneous rupture of esophagus and a review of 107 cases in literature from 1934 to 1980. --The significant role of positive-pressure breathing for rest and healing of the site of direct suture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028889 TI - [Chemical modification protein antigen and its immunoresponses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028890 TI - [Biosynthesis of characteristic flavours, "Green Odour" in plants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028891 TI - [Possible role of cytosol factors on the enzymatic conversion of squalene to cholesterol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028892 TI - [Physicomechanical nature of composite resins used for filling and abutment building]. PMID- 7028893 TI - [(35)S]sulfate incorporation into glomerular basement membrane glycosaminoglycans is decreased in experimental diabetes. AB - Isolated rat renal glomeruli incorporate radioactive sulfate into glycosaminoglycans, which are integral components of the glomerular basement membrane. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis and specific enzymatic sensitivities of glycosaminoglycans prepared after pronase digestion of purified glomerular basement membrane indicate the presence of heparan sulfate. We examined the effect of experimental diabetes on the incorporation of [(35)S]-sulfate into glycosaminoglycans deposited into newly synthesized glomerular basement membrane in vitro. Basement membranes were purified from glomeruli isolated from normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats after incubation for 2 hr with radiolabeled sulfate and then were subjected to pronase digestion for isolation of the glycosaminoglycans. [(35)S] incorporation into basement membrane glycosaminoglycans was significantly decreased in glomeruli from diabetic animals. The addition of insulin (100 micron U/ml) in vitro did not affect [(35)S] incorporation into glycosaminoglycans of the glomerular basement membranes in normal or diabetic glomeruli. High glucose concentration (5 vs. 20 mM) was without effect in short-term incubations of glomeruli from normal animals. The results indicate that experimental diabetes influences [(35)S] sulfate incorporation into glomerular basement membrane glycosaminoglycans and suggest that decreased heparan sulfate production and/or sulfation may contribute to the increased permeability of the glomerular basement membrane in diabetes. PMID- 7028894 TI - Subjective idiopathic tinnitus: a review. PMID- 7028895 TI - The history of masking as applied to tinnitus. PMID- 7028896 TI - A controlled trial of cotrimoxazole therapy in serous otitis media. PMID- 7028897 TI - S-carboxymethylcysteine in otitis media with effusion. (A double-blind study). AB - S-carboxymethylcysteine syrup (SCMC); brompheniramine, phenylephrine with phenylpropanolamine elixir (BPP); and a placebo were compared in a double-blind trial in 58 children with otitis media with effusion (OME). All patients underwent myringotomies after an initial period of medical treatment. SCMC, but not BPP, was significantly better than the placebo in speeding up resolution of the effusion after surgery, as judged by pure tone audiometry, showing this drug to be a useful adjunct to the surgical management of OME. It should also be considered as an alternative to surgery. PMID- 7028898 TI - Recent developments in paediatric otolaryngology (The Semon Lecture, 1980). PMID- 7028899 TI - A review of involvement programs for parents of learning disabled children. PMID- 7028900 TI - The WISC-R and learning disabilities assessment: state of the art. PMID- 7028901 TI - The relationship between auditory perceptual skills and reading ability: a meta analysis. PMID- 7028902 TI - Preparation, characterization, and insulin sensitivity of isolated swine adipocytes: comparison with adipose tissue slices. AB - The technique of Rodbell (J. Biol. Chem. 239: 375) was modified considerably in order to isolate swine adipocytes without rupturing large cells. Cell size and diameter distributions were the same for adipocytes fixed with OsO4 following isolation with collagenase and adipoctes liberated from OsO4-fixed adipose tissue slices. Lipogenic rates were greater for isolated adipocytes compared with thin adipose tissue slices at low (0.5 mM) and high (10 mM) glucose concentrations (cells = 307 and 1100; slices = 139 and 744 nMoles glucose leads to lipid/10(6) cells/hr for 0.5 and 10 mM glucose, respectively, P less than 0.001). Similar differences were found for glucose oxidation. Sensitivity to insulin was determined by measuring the stimulation of lipogenesis and glucose oxidation in the presence of 0, 1, 5, 25, and 100 ng/ml of purified porcine insulin at low (0.5 mM) and high (10 mM) glucose concentrations. Relative to basal incubations, the addition of insulin caused similar increases in glucose oxidation and lipogenesis for isolated adipocytes and adipose tissue slices when glucose concentration was 10 mM. These results indicate 1) that isolated swine adipocytes can be prepared without alterations in cell size or diameter distribution, and 2) that isolated adipocytes have higher rates of glucose oxidation and lipogenesis from glucose even though they retain a similar in vitro sensitivity to insulin. PMID- 7028903 TI - Incidence of autoantibodies in Thais. PMID- 7028904 TI - A high-affinity binding site for the antioestrogens, tamoxifen and CI 628, in immature rat uterine cytosol which is distinct from the oestrogen receptor. AB - A high-affinity, saturable antioestrogen binding site, which does not bind oestradiol, has been reported to exist in a number of oestrogen target tissues but not in the immature rat uterus. This study reports the results of a more thorough search for this site in immature rat uterine cytosol. When concentrations of uterine cytoplasmic receptor were selectively depleted by translocation of 90-95% of the cytoplasmic oestrogen receptor to the nucleus, saturation analysis studies revealed that the antioestrogens, tamoxifen and CI 628, were bound to high-affinity, saturable binding sites which were present at about 2.5 times the concentration of the residual oestrogen receptor sites. Oestradiol could only partially inhibit the binding of tritiated antioestrogens to their saturable binding sites in this material indicating that a significant proportion of these sites were distinct from the oestrogen receptor sites. This was confirmed in experiments where oestrogen receptor sites were saturated in vitro with oestradiol and high-affinity, saturable sites for CI 628 and tamoxifen were still present. The CI 628 and tamoxifen had high affinity for these sites with dissociation constants of 1.0-1.6 nmol/l. These specific antioestrogen binding sites were present at about 5% of the concentration of oestrogen receptors in normal immature rat uterine cytosol which probably explains their previous lack of detections in this material. PMID- 7028905 TI - Accumulation of luteinizing hormone, oestradiol and androstenedione by sheep ovarian follicles in vivo. AB - The temporal relationship between the levels of LH in peripheral plasma and in follicular fluid of ovarian follicles in anaesthetized sheep were investigated for a 10-h period after a single i.m. injection of LH releasing hormone (LH-RH; 100 microgram). The ovarian secretion rates of oestradiol and androstenedione and the levels of these steroids accumulating in different sized follicles at varying time-intervals after the LH-RH injection were also compared. The data show that the rates at which pituitary LH enters and leaves the intrafollicular fluid filled spaces are substantially slower than those of peripheral blood. Two hours after LH-RH injection the levels of LH in plasma had increased from 1 to 200 ng/ml, whereas in the follicle the levels remained at approximately 2ng/ml. Ten hours after the LH-RH injection, the levels of LH in plasma had returned to basal values (approximately 1.4 ng/ml) but in both small and large follicles the levels of LH (approximately 20 ng/ml) were comparable to those present in similar sized follicles 4h earlier. The data also indicate that more than 90% of the oestradiol produced by a large antral follicle (greater than or equal to 5 mm diameter) probably enters the bloodstream without first accumulating within the follicular antrum. Finally it is concluded that the clearance of the small amount of oestradiol which does accumulate in the follicular antrum is negligible compared with the clearance of this hormone from peripheral plasma. PMID- 7028906 TI - Influence of insulin and glucagon on secretion of growth hormone in growing ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). AB - An inverse age-related pattern of GH secretion has been identified in immature ducks between 2 and 9 weeks of age, the plasma level of GH falling progressively from 30-40 ng/ml at 2 weeks of age to the adult level (less than 10 ng/ml) by 9 weeks of age. This decrease in GH secretion was not accompanied by any age related changes in the concentrations of plasma immunoreactive insulin of glucagon-like immunoreactivity or in plasma glucose or free fatty acid level. In 4- to 6-week-old ducklings the intravenous infusion of insulin (2.5 or 10 mu./kg per min for 30 min) and glucagon (0.1 or 0.5 micrograms/kg per min for 30 min) induced some inhibition of GH secretion, independently of changes in blood glucose level. These results suggest that although insulin and especially glucagon have direct effects on GH secretion in the duck, maturational differences in pancreatic function are unlikely to be causally related to the decrease in GH secretion during growth. PMID- 7028907 TI - Long-term effects of leucine and arginine on B-cell function of cultivated pancreatic rat islets. AB - Leucine and arginine are well-known stimulators of insulin release, but they exert different actions on insulin biosynthesis in short-term incubations of isolated islets. In order to study their long-term effects of the B-cell, isolated rat islets were cultivated for 40 h in medium containing 0.5 or 3 mg glucose/ml supplemented with L-leucine (10 mmol/l) or L-arginine (10 mmol/l). After the culture the islets were incubated for 3 h with 2 mg glucose/ml without addition of the respective amino acid. Insulin biosynthesis was estimated from incorporation of [3H]phenylalanine or [3H]leucine into the (pro)insulin fraction of the islet proteins during this incubation. At the low concentrations of glucose, the leucine-cultivate islets released much more insulin than the control islets during cultures as well as during subsequent incubation. At both glucose concentrations cultivated together with this amino acid resulted in an enhanced insulin biosynthesis. The insulin-releasing effect of arginine with 0.5 mg glucose/ml was not as marked as that observed with an equimolar concentration of leucine. Islets cultivated with arginine showed no response to glucose during the incubation after culture. Hormone synthesis was found to be inhibited. Shortening of culture time to 20 h, followed by an additional 4 h cultivation without arginine did not result in an improvement of B-cell function after culture. It is concluded that leucine, in contrast with arginine, supports B-cell function, especially insulin biosynthesis, during long-term culture of islets. Stimulation of release of insulin with a concomitant inhibition of insulin biosynthesis caused by arginine during culture did not lead to a compensatory increase in hormone synthesis after culture. PMID- 7028908 TI - Ontogeny of the sensitizing effect of oestradiol and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on the anterior pituitary gland of the female rat. AB - The ontogeny of the facilitatory effect of oestradiol and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) on the responsiveness of the anterior pituitary gland to LH-RH has been studied in vitro using pituitary glands from female rats age 15, 17, 20, 31, 35 and 38 days. The facilitatory effect of oestradiol was already well established by day 15, while the facilitatory effect of LH-RH (priming effect) developed only after day 17. Although it increased the overall response of the gland to LH-RH, oestradiol did not selectively enhance the priming effect of LH-RH. Both the effect of oestradiol and LH-RH reached a peak on day 25, 7 days before vaginal opening in this colony, and, as assessed by measuring pituitary LH contents, were not dependent upon the synthesis of LH. These data show that different mechanisms may be involved in the facilitation of pituitary responsiveness by oestradiol and LH-RH, but that both mechanisms appear to depend more upon an increase in the sensitivity of the receptor/release apparatus rather than in the gonadotrophin content of the gonadotrophs. PMID- 7028909 TI - Evaluation of a new thermoplastic gutta-percha obturation technique using 45Ca. PMID- 7028910 TI - Anti-idiotypes to monoclonal anti-H-2 antibodies. II. Expression of anti-H-2Kk idiotypes on antibodies induced by anti-idiotype or H-2Kk antigen. AB - Anti-idiotypic antibodies were prepared against two monoclonal anti-H-2Kk antibodies, 11-4.1 and 3-83P. These reagents were used to examine idiotype (Id) expression on anti-H-2Kk antibodies induced by the in vivo administration of the anti-idiotypic antibodies and/or H-2Kk antigen. Treatment of BALB/c mice with anti-Id induced both antigen-binding and nonantigen-binding Id-positive molecules in the absence of antigen. The level of production of anti-Id-induced Id (Id') has been shown to be linked to VH genes using allotype congenic mice and backcross analyses. The idiotypes expressed on the Id' induced in anti-Id-treated mice were closely related or identical to those of the original monoclonal anti-H 2Kk antibody. However, the idiotopes were present on immunoglobulins of different subclasses and in some cases were not all expressed on the same molecules, as reflected by differences in their antigen specificities and isoelectric focusing patterns. In vivo administration of anti-Id had a marked influence on the subsequent humoral response to immunization with H-2 antigen. PMID- 7028911 TI - The vascular bed as the primary target in the destruction of skin grafts by antiserum. I. Resistance of freshly placed xenografts of skin to antiserum. AB - Rat skin grafted onto immunosuppressed mice is resistant to mouse anti-rat serum during the first 7-10 d after transplantation. It gradually acquires susceptibility, reaching a peak of sensitivity at 14-16 d after grafting. The grafts remain sensitive to antiserum, though at decreasing levels for an additional 3 wk, and grafts that persist beyond that time are resistant to antiserum for as long as they survive. In the study reported here, it is shown that the initial period of resistance to antiserum is due to factors acting locally within the graft and is entirely uninfluenced by the regimen of immunosuppression or the protective dressings that are used. After administration of antiserum, deposits of the injected immunoglobulin and of endogenous C3 are found on the luminal surfaces of graft vessels, although no significant tissue damage is observed. Rat skin that has become highly sensitive to antiserum 14-16 d after transplantation loses that sensitivity if it is regrafted to a new recipient, and then regains it 8-10 d later. Thus, the resistance of freshly grafted skin to antisera is associated with the process of healing into place, a conclusion that is supported by the observation that the intracutaneous administration of antisera to rats causes intense local inflammation and necrosis. The skin is therefore sensitive just before it is removed for grafting, but temporarily loses sensitivity thereafter. Resistance to antiserum during the first 3 or 4 d after transplantation is probably attributable to the fact that at that time grafts are vascularized poorly if at all. The state of resistance extends for several days after vascularization of the graft takes place and is then only gradually lost, a phenomenon that seems to be associated with the resistance of newly formed and regenerating blood vessels to vasoactive substances. This view is in accord with and, indeed, supports the idea that the induction of vascular injury is an essential step in antisera-mediated damage to tissue grafts. PMID- 7028913 TI - Aerospace Medicine, Central Florida, 1981. PMID- 7028912 TI - Expression of an idiotype (Id-460) during in vivo anti-dinitrophenyl antibody responses. II. Transient idiotypic dominance. AB - After immunization of mice with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-ovalbumin (DNP-OVA), it was shown previously that strains having Igh-Va genes and able to express light chains of the Vk1 group produce high levels of anti-DNP antibody bearing an idiotype (Id-460) associated with the combining site of the BALB/c DNP-binding myeloma protein MOPC 460. Expression of Id-460 in serum is transient; Id-460 levels peak early in the response and are regulated independently of total anti DNP antibody. In this paper, the transient dominance of Id-460 expression has been confirmed at the cellular level by inhibition of splenic anti-DNP plaque forming cells (PFC) with rabbit anti-Id-460 antiserum. Id-460+ PFC can account for 52-91% of anti-DNP PFC early after secondary challenge with DNP-OVA. Furthermore, Id-460 is represented at these high levels in IgM, IgG, and IgG1, and IgG2a, the three isotypes tested in the PFC assay, as well as in IgE, as tested by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Thus, there is no preferential association of Id-460 with a given isotype. We conclude from these studies that Id-460 is a dominant idiotype in the anti-DNP antibody response of BALB/c mice to DNP-OVA. This dominance is expressed transiently and is independent of isotype. A further conclusion from these studies is that regulation of isotype expression is independent of the regulation of idiotype expression in this system. We would suggest that regulation of Id-460 expression involves Ig-dependent helper T cells specific for Id-460 that induce Id-460+ B cells and also activate suppressor T cells, both events occurring via idiotype-anti-idiotype interactions. PMID- 7028914 TI - [Chromosome changes in a child with premorbid stage of Fanconi's anemia. A case report and review of literatures. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028915 TI - Molecular heterogeneity of hepatitis B virus e antigen in liver and serum. AB - Hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) derived from liver at autopsy or from the serum of asymptomatic carriers has been characterized. The liver-derived HBeAg consisted of two different molecules, one with a mol. wt. of 30 000 (monomer) and the other with a mol. wt. of 90 000 (trimer), in a ratio of 3:1. Both were free of IgG. The serum-derived HBeAgs were heterogeneous with mol. wt. of 30 000, 90 000, 240 000, 400 000 and 540 000. Among them, the so-called IgG-free HBeAgs consisted almost exclusively of the 30 000 and 90 000 molecular species, in a ratio of 1:9. The serum HBeAg of mol. wt. 90 000 was further differentiated into two molecular species, one trimer and the other associated with albumin. The large mol. wt. HBeAgs (240 000, 400 000 and 540 000) were associated with IgG in ratios of one molecule of HBeAg to one, two or three molecules of IgG respectively. The complete dissociation of the IgG molecule was not achieved by 5 M-urea treatment of such HBeAgs, suggesting that it was bound in an immune complex. A hypothetical model is proposed which describes the heterogeneity of the HBeAgs derived from both the liver and serum, and containing HBeAgs either in a free form or associated with serum IgG. PMID- 7028916 TI - Baculovirus bioassay not dependent upon polyhedra production. AB - An immunoperoxidase-based quantitative assay has been developed for infectious units of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus infecting TN-368 cells. Major benefits of this assay over existing quantitative assays for baculoviruses are that it is not dependent upon polyhedra production, it is clear cut and easy to score, and results are obtained within 24 h. PMID- 7028917 TI - Mumps-specific immunoglobulin M and G antibodies in natural mumps infection as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the demonstration of mumps immunoglobulin G (IgG ELISA) and immunoglobulin M antibodies (IgM ELISA) in serum was compared with complement fixation (CF), hemagglutination inhibition (HI), and hemolysis-in-gel (HIG) tests. The antibody levels measured by IgG ELISA had a high positive correlation with the CF and HIG tests, whereas only a moderate correlation was found between IgG ELISA and HI. Similar patterns of antibody response were observed with IgG ELISA, CF, and HIG: the antibody tires increased rapidly after the onset of symptoms and reached the maximal values in about three weeks. The HI antibodies developed more slowly during the first week of disease, after which the titres increased rapidly up to the fourth week. IgM antibodies measured by ELISA developed soon after onset of symptoms; most patients had IgM antibodies from the second day, and the highest titres were reached within the first week. The antibody response in mumps parotitis did not differ from that in mumps meningitis/encephalitis, while relatively higher antibody titres were found in patients with orchitis/epididymitis. The diagnostic efficiencies of the methods were compared with serum specimens from 33 patients who had a serologically verified mumps infection by at least one of the five methods used (rising antibody titres in paired sera or detectable IgM): IgM ELISA detected all 33 cases, IgG ELISA 29, HIG 28, HI 23, and CF 13. In 27 cases, IgM antibodies were already present in the acute phase serum specimens. It was concluded that mumps IgM ELISA is a more rapid and sensitive means for the serological diagnosis of mumps infection than the conventional tests. PMID- 7028918 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for mumps virus antibodies. AB - An ELISA for the detection of mumps virus-specific IgG and IgM antibodies was developed. Three different antigen preparations were compared. Equally good results were obtained with virus concentrated by ultracentrifugation and with virus that was further purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Crude infected allantoic fluid was unsuitable for use an antigen. The variability and reproducibility of the tests were satisfactory. When the ELISA was compared to conventional serological methods, a good correlation of IgG absorbance values with complement fixation (CF) antibody titers was found (r = 0.574), the ELISA being more sensitive in detecting antibodies in acute-phase sera. For the determination of immunity, ELISA IgG values were compared with results obtained in hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and hemolysis-in-gel (HIG) tests. Again there was a good correlation with both tests (rHI = 0.528, rHIG = 0.667). The ELISA was more sensitive than the HI and HIG test for the detection of low levels of antibodies. PMID- 7028919 TI - beta-Hydroxybutyrate as a precursor to the acetyl moiety of acetylcholine. AB - Rat brain cortex slices were incubated with 10 mM-glucose and trace amounts of [6 3H]glucose and [3-14C]beta-hydroxybutyrate. The effects of (-)-hydroxycitrate, an inhibitor of ATP-citrate lyase; methylmalonate, an inhibitor of beta hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase; and increasing concentrations of unlabeled acetoacetate were examined. The incorporation of label into lactate, citrate, malate, and acetylcholine (ACh) was measured and 3H:14C ratios calculated. Incorporation of [14C]beta-hydroxybutyrate into lactate was limited because of the low activity of gluconeogenic enzymes in brain, whereas incorporation of 14C label into Krebs cycle intermediates and ACh was higher than in previous experiments with [3H-,14C]-glucose. (-)-Hydroxycitrate (5.0 mM) reduced incorporation of [3H]glucose and [14C]beta-hydroxybutyrate into ACh. In contrast, slices incubated with methylmalonate (1 mM) showed a decrease in 14C incorporation without appreciably affecting glucose metabolism. The effects of high concentrations of methylmalonate were nonselective and yielded a generalized decrease in metabolism. Acetoacetate (1 mM) also produced a decreased 14C incorporation into ACh and its precursors. At 10 mM, acetoacetate reduced 3H and 14C incorporation into ACh without substantially affecting total ACh content. From the results, it is suggested that in adult rats beta-hydroxybutyrate can contribute to the acetyl moiety of ACh, possibly via the citrate cleavage pathway, though it is quantitatively less important than glucose and pyruvate. This contribution of ketone bodies could become significant should their concentration become abnormally high or glucose metabolism be reduced. PMID- 7028920 TI - Immunochemical characterization of antisera to rat neurofilament subunits. AB - Antisera raised to the 68,000, 145,000 and 200,000 molecular weight subunits of rat neurofilaments were used for immunochemical staining of polypeptides separated by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. It was found that each antiserum reacts intensely with its corresponding neurofilament subunit and weakly with the other two subunits. All the antisera also react with a polypeptide of molecular weight 57,000 present in neurofilament-rich preparations from both rat spinal cord and peripheral nerve. This polypeptide is different from either tubulin or vimentin and may represent a neurofilament breakdown product, since it varied in amount from preparation to preparation. The three antisera also reacted with the polypeptide subunits of chicken and goldfish neurofilament despite the considerable difference in molecular weight between these subunits and those of mammalian neurofilament. PMID- 7028921 TI - Effects of timolol and atenolol on benign essential tremor: placebo-controlled studies based on quantitative tremor recording. AB - Two different beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists, atenolol and timolol, were separately compared with a placebo in the suppression of essential tremor. In two week single-blind placebo-controlled studies with cross-over, timolol (5 mg twice daily) and atenolol (100 mg once daily) produced an equal reduction in sitting heart rate and sitting blood pressure. Timolol was effective in reducing tremor while atenolol failed to reduce tremor amplitude. These results indicate that essential tremor can be reduced but not blocked, by the adrenergic blocker timolol with both beta 1 and beta 2 blocking properties; but not by the relatively selective beta 1 blocking drug atenolol. Possibly, the tremor reduction is medicated by a peripheral effect on beta 2 adrenoreceptors. PMID- 7028922 TI - Glucose transport and oxidation in adipose tissue of patients with myotonic dystrophy. AB - The effect of insulin on the transport of 2-deoxyglucose and the oxidation of glucose in chopped adipose tissue was investigated in 14 myotonic dystrophy (MyD) patients and 28 age and size-matched control subjects. The transport of 0.55 mM 2 deoxyglucose was measured over 3 min at 37 degrees C both with and without 32 ng/ml of insulin. Oxidation was determined at 37 degrees C for 90 min by the measurement of 14CO2 released from a system containing 0.55 mM glucose with and without 50 ng/ml of insulin. Basal 2-deoxyglucose transport was not reduced in MyD subjects but insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose transport in MyD was significantly less at 0.512 +/- 0.220 nmole compared to control subjects with 0.906 +/- 0.160 nmole/100 mg tissue/3 min (P less than 0.02). Both the basal and insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation were significantly less in the MyD group. Insulin-stimulated oxidation was 2.92 +/- 0.21 nmole in the control subjects compared to 2.20 +/- 0.27 nmole/100 mg tissue/90 min in the MyD cases (P less than 0.02). Similar findings were obtained when calculations were based on nmoles of 2-deoxyglucose transport and glucose oxidation/100 mg lipid. The findings indicate that both glucose transport and oxidation are impaired in MyD. PMID- 7028923 TI - Glial fibrillary acidic protein in hepatic encephalopathy. An immunohistochemical study. AB - Basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebral cortex, and subcortical white matter were studied in ten cases of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), including three cases of acquired hepatocerebral degeneration (HCD), and in thirteen age-matched controls using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical staining technique for glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein. HE cases all had pronounced Alzheimer type II astrocytosis. The perikarya and processes of Alzheimer type II glia did not stain for GFA protein. Staining of perivascular endfeet was evaluated by first selecting blood vessels throughout the gray and white matter in hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides to eliminate bias. The vessels were then identified in sections stained for GFA protein and graded as to complete circumferential, partial circumferential, or absence of staining. Both the degree and frequency of staining in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebral cortex were significantly decreased in cases of HE; no statistically significant differences were found for the white matter. There were no significant differences in staining between HCD and other HE cases. These findings show that the Alzheimer II change is associated with a loss of immunohistochemically detectable GFA protein in cerebral gray matter. PMID- 7028925 TI - Plasma parathyroid hormone and insulin concentrations in cows administered potassium chloride and sodium citrate. AB - Two age group of nonpregnant cows were used to study plasma changes in parathyroid hormone, insulin, and glucose, and renal clearance rates of magnesium, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus after intraruminal administration of 1.5 g potassium chloride (KCl)/kg body weight (BW) or 1.5 g sodium citrate/kg BW. Magnesium (2.4 mg/kg BW) was simultaneously infused intravenously for 120 minutes to facilitate the measurement of changes in magnesium clearance rate and kidney tubular resorption due to the treatments. Elevated plasma concentrations of potassium from intraruminal infusion of KCl increased plasma parathyroid hormone, insulin glucose, and magnesium levels. Net tubular resorption of magnesium (TMg) was also increased after potassium dosing, and the old cows had lower TMg values compared with the young cows. Plasma magnesium and calcium clearance rates were increased only by citrate, while phosphorous was not influenced by either treatment. These results provide evidence for a relationship between potassium and the endocrine factors, parathyroid hormone, and insulin; citrate appears to antagonize tubular resorption of magnesium and calcium. PMID- 7028924 TI - Altered tissue content and cytosol distribution of trace metals in experimental diabetes. AB - An insulin-dependent diabetic condition was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by streptozotocin injection. Ten days after administration of the diabetogenic drug, tissue levels of copper, zinc, iron and manganese were determined and compared to control animals. Increased quantities of hepatic copper, zinc and manganese, renal copper and zinc and plasma zinc were observed in the diabetic group. Intestinal, muscle and spleen contents of the metals were similar in control and diabetic rats. Elevated levels of zinc- and copper-metallothionein were found in liver and kidney of diabetic rats. The distribution of zinc among soluble proteins in the diabetic liver was also content of tissues, intracellular distribution of zinc and the quantity of zinc-and copper-metallothionein to normal levels. Pair-feeding copper, zinc, iron and manganese to diabetic and control groups demonstrated that the enhanced food consumption of the diabetic rat was not a significant factor in the observed accumulation of trace metals in liver and kidney. These data suggest that the hormonal imbalance characteristic of the insulin-dependent diabetic condition influences trace metal metabolism. These studies also demonstrate the usefulness of the streptozotocin-diabetic rat as an animal model for investigations concerning hormone-mediated regulation of trace metal metabolism. PMID- 7028926 TI - Leaders in medicine--George H. Garrison, MD. PMID- 7028927 TI - Oral awareness and oral motor proficiency in retchers. AB - It has been suggested that hypersensitivity and awareness of dentures are causes of retching associated with dentures and dental treatment. Oral form recognition (OFR) and oral motor (OM) ability were examined in fifty-three pairs of retchers and controls. The retchers had all had problems with retching when wearing dentures or during dental procedures. The controls were the same sex as the retchers and were matched with them as closely as possible for age, remaining teeth and edentulous spaces. No difference in OFR and OM ability was found between the paired subjects which might indicate that increased oral awareness contributed to the retchers' symptoms. PMID- 7028928 TI - The role in masseter muscle activities of functionally elicited periodontal afferents from abutment teeth under overdentures. AB - Five overdenture wearers with a small number of remaining natural teeth were selected to evaluate the effect of the afferent input from periodontal mechanoreceptors on masseter activity in man. As a control, a full denture wearer was included. The subjects were instructed to chew a piece of gum, and/or tap their teeth. Surface EmG from the bilateral masseter muscles were recorded and analysed. When functional pressure was applied, during chewing, to the abutment teeth as well as to mucosa through the denture base, masseter activities were encouraged. Following application of anaesthesia to the periodontal membrane of the abutments, masseter activities were reduced. The duration of the silent period (SP) appearing in the EMG burst following tooth tapping was significantly increased with root support compared to mucosal support only. With topical anaesthesia of the periodontal tissues, SP duration decreased significantly. In conclusion, it has become apparent that the pressure sensibility of abutment teeth bearing functional pressure under an overdenture base is capable of facilitating masseter activity, as one of the sources of oral sensory input during mastication. PMID- 7028929 TI - Oregon Dental Association roster of members, 1981-1982. PMID- 7028930 TI - [Serratia septicemia following thyroidectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028931 TI - [Statistical analysis of nasopharyngeal malignant tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028932 TI - Differentiation of human breast carcinomas: an immunohistological study of appropriate and inappropriate protein production. AB - Secretory piece of immunoglobulin A, a product of normal breast tissue, and beta 1 pregnancy-specific glycoprotein, a product of syncytiotrophoblast of placenta, have been demonstrated in breast carcinomas by an indirect immunoperoxidase method. A close relationship has been found between the site of staining within cells and tumour structure for both secretory piece, the appropriate protein, and beta 1 pregnancy-specific glycoprotein, the inappropriate protein. The reaction was at the periphery of cells in areas of tubular differentiation and was diffusely intracytoplasmic in solid groups of tumour cells. The poorly differentiated carcinomas have a low incidence of detection for both antigens but the tumours showing good histological differentiation appear to be functionally heterogeneous with some being negative for both proteins, some staining for the appropriate secretory piece of immunoglobulin A and the inappropriate beta 1 pregnancy-specific glycoprotein and only one out of 12 producing the appropriate protein alone. PMID- 7028933 TI - Use of psychotropic drugs among the aged revisited. PMID- 7028934 TI - The childhood leukemias. PMID- 7028935 TI - The cardiovascular effects of dopamine in the severely asphyxiated neonate. AB - The cardiovascular effects of dopamine were evaluated in 14 severely asphyxiated neonates. After a period of stabilization, either dopamine 2.5 micrograms/kg/minute or placebo was infused in a randomized double-blind protocol. In seven dopamine-treated infants, echocardiographically determined shortening fraction and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening increased when compared to preinfusion values (P less than 0.05). There was no significant change in these echo indices of cardiac function in the placebo treated group. Systolic blood pressure rose in the dopamine group when compared to predopamine infusion values and to the postinfusion values of the placebo group (P less than 0.001 and 0.025, respectively). Diastolic blood pressure increased to a small degree in the dopamine group. There was no significant change in heart rate or echocardiographically measured systolic time intervals. Low doses of dopamine increase cardiac performance and raise systolic blood pressure in the severely asphyxiated neonate. PMID- 7028936 TI - Comparison of oral and aerosol adrenergic bronchodilators in asthma. PMID- 7028937 TI - Involvement of malarial proteases in the interaction between the parasite and host erythrocyte in Plasmodium knowlesi infections. AB - The effect of protease inhibitors obtained from the culture filtrates of actinomycetes (pepstatin, chymostatin, leupeptin, phosphoramidon and elastatinal) on the in vitro invasion of erythrocytes from rhesus and assamese monkeys by Plasmodium knowlesi merozoites was studied. The presence of these inhibitors had no effect on release of merozoites from schizonts but inhibited entry of the parasite into the red cell. Thus, at 50 micrograms/ml, chymostatin and leupeptin completely blocked the invasion whereas pepstatin and elastatinal showed 50% inhibition. Phosphoramidon at this concentration gave only 30% inhibition. Pretreatment of the erythrocytes with these inhibitors did not block invasion. Also, the intracellular development of the parasite was totally unaffected in the presence of these agents. These results suggested that proteases of merozoites might play some crucial role in the invasion process. PMID- 7028938 TI - A selective medium for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and the incidence of the organism in juvenile periodontitis. AB - A selective medium, malachite green bacitracin agar, was developed for the isolation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans from subgingival plaque of periodontally diseased patients. The medium consisted of Trypticase soy agar 40 gm/liter, bacitracin 128 micrograms/ml, malachite green 8 micrograms/ml and 5% defibrinated sheep blood. The medium, when incubated in an atmosphere of air plus 10% CO2 for 5 days, permitted greater than 80% recovery of pure cultures of A. actinomycetemcomitans when compared with a nonselective medium. The most frequent contaminant in plaque samples from different clinical conditions was Haemophilus aphrophilus. Decomposition of H2O2 was useful in differentiating these two species. Clinical studies employing the malachite green bacitracin medium revealed a significant association between the presence of the organism, A. actinomycetemcomitans and juvenile periodontitis. PMID- 7028939 TI - Tetracycline: levels achievable in gingival crevice fluid and in vitro effect on subgingival organisms. Part I. Concentrations in crevicular fluid after repeated doses. AB - The concentration of tetracycline in gingival crevice fluid and blood was determined using a sensitive bioassay after oral administration of repeated doses of tetracycline. Crevicular fluid was sampled by an intracrevicular technique from four gingival sites in each individual and blood was obtained by finger puncture. Four volunteers received doses of 250 mg of tetracycline-HCl either every 6 hours or every 12 hours and were sampled at hours 0 to 15, 21 to 36, 48 to 60 and 96 to 102. Volunteers given 250 mg every 6 hours had average crevicular fluid concentrations between 4 to 8 micrograms/ml and blood concentrations between 2 to 2.5 micrograms/ml after 48 hours. The levels in crevicular fluid and blood of volunteers who received 250 mg every 12 hours were 2 to 4 micrograms/ml and 0.3 to 1.4 micrograms/ml respectively after 48 hours. The results demonstrated that after repeated doses of tetracycline the crevicular fluid levels were typically 2 to 4 times the blood levels. PMID- 7028940 TI - Tetracycline: levels of achievable in gingival crevice fluid and in vitro effect on subgingival organisms. Part II. Susceptibilities of periodontal bacteria. AB - The sensitivity to tetracycline of 345 bacterial isolates from periodontal lesions was determined. Most species of bacteria, including those thought to be involved in the initiation and progress of destructive periodontal disease, were inhibited in vitro by tetracycline concentrations of 4 to 8 micrograms/ml. This concentration is equivalent to crevicular fluid levels of tetracycline at dosages of 1 gm/day. These data indicate that tetracycline is inhibitory at levels achieved in crevicular fluid for bacteria currently implicated in destructive periodontal disease. PMID- 7028941 TI - Four types of periodontal treatment compared over two years. AB - Results of various modalities of periodontal therapy were studied in 90 subjects (mean age 45 years) with moderate to severe periodontitis. Initial measurements of pocket depth and clinical attachment levels were compared with measurements obtained after the initial hygienic phase of the treatment and measurements of the same areas 1 and 2 years after four different types of periodontal treatment had been applied on a randomized basis to each of the four quadrants of the dentition. These treatments were: (1) surgical pocket elimination or reduction, (2) modified Widman flap surgery. (3) subgingival curettage, (4) scaling and root planing only. The patients were recalled for prophylaxis every 3 months, and rescored annually. One-way analysis of variance and Scheffe's method were used to test the hypothesis of equal treatment effects. The results were analyzed both with initial pocket depth as the baseline and with pocket depth at the hygienic phase as the baseline using a grouping of pockets 1 to 3 mm, 4 to 6 mm, and greater than or equal to 7 mm. For the 1 to 3 mm pockets there was a slight reduction in depth at the hygienic phase, with only minor changes after the various modalities of treatment over 2 years. However, significant losses of attachment after all modalities of periodontal therapy, including scaling alone, were observed at both the 1-year an 2-year intervals. For pockets 4 to 6 mm deep, the main reduction in pocket depth occurred at the hygienic phase, but the pockets also were reduced by further treatment, most by pocket elimination and modified Widman surgery. However, this reduction in pocket depth after surgery had no beneficial influence on maintenance of the attachment level, which actually was maintained best by scaling alone. For deep pockets greater than or equal to 7 mm, significant reduction in pocket depth occurred both at the hygienic phase and 1 to 2 years after treatment, with the greatest initial reduction after pocket elimination surgery. However, again there was no significant difference in attachment results among the four methods. PMID- 7028942 TI - The effect of marrow on the formation of "functionally" oriented collagen fibers. AB - It has been shown that "functionally" oriented collagen fibers will attach to cementum when a healthy root fragment is implanted subcutaneously along with decalcified autogenous bone. The purpose of the present study was to test the effect of a strong bone grower (marrow) on this inductive system. Twenty-six composite grafts of healthy root, decalcified autogenous bone and marrow were implanted in thirteen 200 gm, female, white, Sherman-strain rats. Sixteen composite grafts without roots were similarly implanted, as controls, into eight animals. Postoperative periods ranged from 1 week to 8 months. With the exception of one section, the results showed that the addition of marrow prevented the formation of "functionally" oriented fibers. It is further evidence that strong bone formers do not produce a periodontium. PMID- 7028943 TI - Clinical significance of gingival fluid measurement by "Periotron". AB - The accuracy of gingival fluid measurement with an electric device was compared with such clinical parameters as Gingival Index scores and pocket depths, and the treatment effect was evaluated by changes in the gingival fluid amount. After the initial examination 10 patients received oral hygiene instruction, scaling, root planing and soft tissue curettage. The operated areas were protected by a periodontal dressing for 1 week and all patients used a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse twice daily during that period and for the next week. Four weeks later the patients were reexamined for the same factors that were evaluated at the initial examination. The amount of gingival fluid correlated with the Gingival Index (r = 0.65), the pocket depth (r = 0.74) and the total amount of acid phosphatase in the gingival fluid (r = 0.92). Following treatment, a significant improvement in periodontal status was demonstrated by all of the parameters utilized. PMID- 7028944 TI - Therapy for urolithiasis with hydroxamic acids. IV. Prevention of infected urinary stone formation with N-(pivaloyl)glycinohydroxamic acid. AB - With the aim of finding a prospective therapeutic compound with a promising potential for the treatment of urolithiasis, we evaluated the effectiveness of a new potent inhibitor of urease, N-(pivaloyl)glycinohydroxamic acid. The present study revealed that N-(pivaloyl)glycinohydroxamic acid effectively inhibited the alkalinization of urine and the stone formation in vitro and in vivo, due to its strong inhibitory potency against the ureolytic activity of intact Proteus mirabilis. The possibility of the clinical application of this compound in the prevention of struvite stone formation caused by infection of urea-splitting bacteria awaits evaluation of the safety of this compound. PMID- 7028945 TI - Disposition of oxprenolol in spontaneously hypertensive rats as determined by an enzyme immunoassay. AB - Specific antisera against oxprenolol, a beta adrenoceptor blocking agent, were produced in rabbits immunized with oxprenolol hemiglutarate-bovine serum albumin conjugate. The antiserum, beta galactosidase labelled oxprenolol and 4 methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactoside as substrate were used to develop an enzyme immunoassay for oxprenolol. The assay can reliably detect as little as one ng of oxprenolol directly from plasma. The plasma concentrations of oxprenolol in spontaneously hypertensive rats were determined by an enzyme immunoassay after a single and multiple oral doses for 14 consecutive days. Oxprenolol was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and was quickly eliminated from plasma. Plasma concentrations-time data conformed to equations describing one-or two compartment open kinetic model. No significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters were observed between after a single dose and multiple doses. PMID- 7028946 TI - [Studies on the synthesis of (+/-)-lythranidine, an alkaloid of lythranine type (author's transl)]. PMID- 7028947 TI - Pharmacokinetics of captopril in dogs and monkeys. AB - [14C]Captopril was given as a priming dose, followed by constant intravenous infusion for 4 or 6 hr, to three anesthetized dogs and three anesthetized monkeys. Blood, urine, and bile samples were collected during and after drug infusion. Pharmacokinetic evaluations were carried out exclusively on data obtained for unchanged captopril. The average total body clearance (ClT) and the renal clearance (ClR) of captopril, in milliliters per kilogram per hour, were 605 and 341 in the dog and 1135 and 944 in the monkey. The biliary clearance of captopril was negligible in both species. The greater difference between the ClR and ClT values in the dog compared to that in the monkey was the result of more extensive metabolism of captopril by the dog. Since almost all of the radioactive dose was recovered in urine in both species, captopril and its metabolites were almost exclusively eliminated by the kidneys. One primary reason that body and renal clearance values of captopril were much greater in the monkey than in the dog was that the net tubular secretion fo captopril was about three times greater in the monkey (82%) than in the dog (28%). The volume of distribution of captopril was higher in the monkey (3.6 liters/kg) than in the dog (2.6 liters/kg); the volume of the central compartment was about the same (0.5 liter/kg) for both species. The terminal half-life value was slightly higher in the dog (2.8 hr) than in the monkey (2.2 hr). PMID- 7028948 TI - Acyclic Puromycin Analogs: 9-[(2-phenylalanylamidoethoxy) methyl] adenine and 9 (3-phenylalanylamidopropyl) adenine. PMID- 7028949 TI - Topical drug delivery to cattle and sheep. PMID- 7028950 TI - Pharmacological evaluation in conscious dogs of factors involved in the renal vasodilator effect of captopril. AB - The objective of this study was to examine the roles of the blockade of formation of angiotensin II and prostaglandins in the renal vasodilator effect of captopril in conscious salt-replete dogs. Blood pressure was recorded from an indwelling catheter and renal blood flow (RBF) was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter and an implanted flow probe. Plasma renin activity was measured by radioimmunoassay. The effect of captopril (0.2 mg/kg i.v.) on RBF was compared in dogs given either saralasin (0.5 micrograms/kg min i.a.) or indomethacin (5mg/kg i.v.) with that in dogs given saline vehicle. Control plasma renin activity in these groups of animals before drug treatment ranged from 0.74 to 1.18 ng of angiotensin 1 per ml/hr. Captopril decreased blood pressure from 102 +/- 4 to 92 +/- 4 mm Hg (P less than .01) and increased RBF from 278 +/- 23 to 345 +/- 29 ml/min (25%) (P less than .01) in saline vehicle-treated animals. In the presence of intrarenal infusion of saralasin, captopril did not increase RBF but decreased blood pressure slightly. Captopril still increased RBF by 18% in indomethacin treated dogs. These results suggest that the renal vasodilator effect of captopril in conscious salt-replete dogs is mainly due to the blockade of angiotensin II formation. Furthermore, the renin-angiotensin system appears to have an influence on renal vascular tone even under these basal conditions. PMID- 7028951 TI - Cosmetics and removable partial dentures--the class IV partially edentulous patient. PMID- 7028952 TI - Stress-relaxation testing. Part III: Influence of wire alloys, gauges, and lengths on clasp behavior. AB - Commonly used, commercially available dental wires have been evaluated and ranked through stress-relaxation testing to given the clinician a basis for determining their use as retentive clasp arms. Clinical laboratory principles relative to the use of wire clasp arms have been discussed. Clinical experience with the cobalt chrome-nickel wire retentive clasp arms used in the infrabulge approach over the last 8 years has been rewarding. These wire clasps have been every bit as effective as the cast bar clasps and have proven to be superior in terms of adjustability and resistance to fracture. The relation of active clasp length to retention and permanent deformation is a crucial one and should be a component of every philosophy of design and construction of removable partial dentures. PMID- 7028953 TI - Gingival tissue response to restoration of deficient cervical contours using a glass-ionomer material. A 12-month report. PMID- 7028954 TI - Effect of multiple axial grooves on the marginal adaptation of full cast-gold crowns. AB - Twenty-seven crowns were fabricated on the standardized ivorine dies to determine the effect of multiple axial grooves. No grooves were placed on the control (group I). In groups II and III, respectively, two and four grooves were replaced. The mean value of the occlusal cement film thickness was used to appraise the vertical discrepancy (lack of seating) of the crown on the die. This value was obtained by averaging seven measurements of the occlusal cement film thickness taken at different areas. These measurements were recorded from the photomicrographs at x 100 magnification. There were significant differences between the control group and both test groups. Results of this study show that the presence of the grooves has an adverse effect on the seating of full cast gold crowns. PMID- 7028955 TI - The tilted posterior tooth. Part I: etiology, syndrome, an prevention. PMID- 7028956 TI - Type III gold alloy complete crowns cast in a phosphate-bonded investment. AB - A phosphate-bonded investment and a calcium sulphate-bonded investment were evaluated for the surface smoothness and marginal fit they impart to type III gold castings. The phosphate-bonded investment was used with burnout temperatures of 900 degrees F and 1,300 degrees F. The results of this study lead to the following conclusions: 1. The marginal fit with the phosphate-bonded investment method was superior to that obtained with the calcium sulphate-bonded investment. 2. Surface roughness was greater for the castings made with the phosphate-bonded investment when measured with SEM photographs and visual observation. 3. The phosphate bonded-investment increased the incidence of nodules on the surface of the castings. 4. No correlation was demonstrated between marginal fit and surface roughness or the incidence of nodules on the castings. PMID- 7028957 TI - Influence of proximal retention on the fracture strength of class II amalgam restorations. PMID- 7028958 TI - Cranioplasty of the difficult frontal region. PMID- 7028959 TI - A comparison of three techniques for fabricating metal molds. AB - Investigation on the dimensional accuracy and techniques variability of metal molds and refractory casts for the construction of maxillofacial external prostheses have resulted in the following conclusions. 1. A relative comparison of the box-pour, open-cast, and wax-sprue techniques for constructing metal molds for external prostheses showed the open-cast technique to be the most accurate and easiest techniques. 2. The wax-sprue technique was the most complex and consumed maximum time and materials. This technique also offered the greatest possibility for introducing errors and obtaining inconsistent results because of multiple steps. 3. For all techniques the positive metal molds always demonstrated a poorer fit in comparison to the negative metal molds. The positive metal molds were larger castings. 4. Most metal molds were significantly larger than the standard brass die in length and width dimensions. 5. A direct comparison of a theoretic calculation and experimental measurements for dimensional accuracy shows the construction of metal molds to be very dependent on the manipulation of materials and reproducibility of methods. PMID- 7028960 TI - Influence of TMJ dysfunction on Bennett movement as recorded by a modified pantograph. Part I: Literature review. AB - This review has pointed out the difficulties in studying the lateral side shift of the mandible (Bennett movement) as well as the many contradictory results that have evolved from investigations. Based on the studies reported, it seems reasonable to conclude that Bennett movement accompanies most subject's lateral jaw movements, but its amount and "timing" varies between individuals and may be influenced by muscle incoordination and TMJ dysfunction. Furthermore, the axis around which all lateral movements occur may be oblique rather than vertical and perpendicular to the subject's hinge axis. The importance of Bennett movement has often been emphasized. Disagreement and controversy still exist regarding (1) the immutability of its magnitude throughout the occlusal therapy and (2) the possible relationship between TMJ dysfunction and Bennett movement. A clinical study has been completed and will be reported in subsequent articles to give insight into the possible influence of the neuromusculature on the lateral side shift of the mandible. PMID- 7028961 TI - Porcelain internal core pontics. PMID- 7028962 TI - Boxing technique for rubber base impressions. PMID- 7028963 TI - Constructing stable record bases for removable partial dentures. PMID- 7028964 TI - Two-dimensional study of the neutral zone at different occlusal vertical heights. AB - A new technique was developed to locate the neutral zone. The neutral zone was studied on two groups of patients with prominent or flat residual alveolar ridges. The neutral zone was determined for each patient at three vertical heights. It was studied both vertically and horizontally. The width of the neutral zone was measured at different regions with these conclusions: 1. The width of the neutral zone is minimum at the level of the occlusal plane and increases gradually as it goes up and down. 2. The width of the neutral zone is also minimum at the posterior (molar) region and increases gradually toward the anterior. 3. There is no significant difference in the width of the neutral zone in patients with prominent or flat alveolar ridges. 4. The width of the neutral zone increases as the vertical dimension of occlusion increases and decreases as the vertical dimension of occlusion decreases. PMID- 7028965 TI - The MGR clasp: an esthetic extracoronal retainer for maxillary canines. PMID- 7028966 TI - Functionally generated amalgam paths for complete dentures. PMID- 7028967 TI - Prosthodontic management of vertical root extrusion. AB - The treatment of teeth with subalveolar injury or pathology by vertical orthodontic extrusion technique and fixed prosthodontic restoration has been examined. A prosthodontic technique using a permanently positioned post and core for orthodontic anchorage has been described. This single-dowel technique precludes hazardous repetitive intracanal instrumentation and facilitates esthetic management throughout treatment. Further clinical research is necessary to explore directional force vectors and the treatment of difficult extrusion cases due to occlusal interferences. PMID- 7028968 TI - Simplified technique for the removal of a fixed partial denture. AB - A simplified method of removing a fixed partial denture has been described. The principle of the Class I or II lever systems is used to deliver force along the path of withdrawal. Carefully applied, this technique may permit removal of a restoration with minimal trauma to the prosthesis and supporting teeth. Where reasonable pressure fails to dislodge the restoration, it should be sacrificed rather than risk permanent damage to the abutment. PMID- 7028969 TI - Evaluation of the bonding of three porcelain repair systems. AB - 1. Fractured porcelain bars repaired with Fusion/Concise displayed significantly greater repair strength (p less than .05) than bars repaired with Den-Mat and Cervident. 2. Comparing mean strengths of all samples before and after repair with Fusion/Concise indicated that only 18% of the original strength was regained following repair. 3. The low repair strengths of the tested materials indicate that their use is a temporary clinical procedure. PMID- 7028970 TI - Dentin permeability: effects of smear layer removal. AB - The results of this study permit the following conclusions: 1. The use of dilute (6%) citric acid for very short time intervals permits sequential removal of the smear layer on human dentin. 2. Acid-etching for as little as 5 seconds removes much of the smear layer and exposes the orifices of dentinal tubules. 3. Dentin permeability increased rapidly during acid-etching with 6% citric acid, reaching a maximum value after only 15 seconds of etching. 4. The production of a smear layer on dentin during restorative procedures establishes a protective diffusion barrier. Removal of the smear layer by acid-etching increases the permeability of dentin which, under some conditions, must be regarded as a liability. PMID- 7028971 TI - Positioning dowel pins for removable dies. PMID- 7028972 TI - Try-in of the removable partial denture framework. PMID- 7028973 TI - Periodontal considerations in the overdenture patient. PMID- 7028974 TI - Pressures involved in making upper edentulous impressions. AB - A study was made of the pressures exerted on the upper denture-bearing area in three patients each with a different type of palatal vault. A method of measuring the relative pressures in different regions of the upper denture bearing area was devised. These pressures were registered with the use of manometers while making an impression in close fitting acrylic resin special trays. The results indicated that the main pressure regions during impression making were near the center of the palate and these pressures diminished toward the buccal borders. PMID- 7028975 TI - Conventional and microfilled composite resins. Part I: Color stability and marginal adaptation. PMID- 7028976 TI - The design of multiple pontics. AB - The "fused"multiple pontic design, previously described for the mandibular posterior segment, can be used in other parts of the mouth. The interpontic embrasures can be filled in the maxillary anterior segment using pink porcelain to improve the appearance of the fixed partial denture. The pink porcelain may also be used to solve the esthetic problems created by moderate ridge resorption and loss of the papilla between pontic and abutment. Patients with two or more missing maxillary incisors are frequently told that a fixed partial denture cannot achieve the same esthetic result as a removable prosthesis. However, patients can enjoy the advantages of fixed prosthodontics without sacrificing esthetics using the technique of pink porcelain application described. PMID- 7028977 TI - A method to prevent swallowing or aspiration of cast restorations. PMID- 7028978 TI - Development of a new endosseous dental implant. Part I: Animal studies. PMID- 7028979 TI - Fabricating crowns to fit clasp-bearing abutment teeth. AB - As with other direct-indirect methods, the Duralay index method has the advantage of not depriving patients of their dentures. The index takes very little time to fabricate since it is only necessary to obtain a Duralay mold of the internal surface of the clasp assembly and the external surface of the prepared tooth. In addition, the index will serve as a guide for the final waxup. In waxing, it will only be necessary to fill in the contours and margins without touching the index surfaces which contact the clasp assembly and occlusal stops. If occlusal stops were incorporated in the index, no opposing cast is necessary. This method may be used with full veneer and veneered crowns and any impression technique and die material providing that the expansion during investing and casting results in a passive fit of the crown. PMID- 7028980 TI - Aid to correct tongue position in the mandibular complete denture. PMID- 7028981 TI - Comparison of trimethoprim in combination with sulfadiazine or sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of urinary tract infections. PMID- 7028982 TI - [Critical evaluation of non-biological complementary examinations of the biliary tract before deciding on therapy (author's transl)]. AB - A critical evaluation of non-biological complementary examinations of the biliary tract was conducted to assess their value when deciding on therapy. The published literature was reviewed, and the sensitivity and specificity of the different methods presented, emphasis being placed on the primary investigations of ultrasonography and oral and intravenous biligraphy. Secondary exploratory procedures (transparietal cholangiography, retrograde endoscopy with cholangiography and pancreatography, scintigraphy, gallbladder infusion parietography, scanography, and arteriography) are defined and their value discussed. Published data suggest that ultrasonography should be the initial investigation, this often being sufficient to enable suitable therapy to be chosen. Only approximately 5 p. cent of patients are unable to benefit from gallbladder exploration, and these require conventional radiological examinations before deciding on therapy. PMID- 7028983 TI - [A study in dogs of micropellets for use in angiographic therapeutic procedures (author's transl)]. AB - A study was conducted in dogs to evaluate the effect on the organism of a new embolisation material: carnauba wax micropellets. The ultimate objective was to study the possible use of micropellets containing an active product for therapy in situ. Renal embolisation was performed by selective or highly selective arterial catheterisation in dogs. Pathological examination demonstrated that only mild foreign body reactions occurred at the embolisation site. Overall tolerance was good. The micropellets were shown to possess some biodegradation properties and to be susceptible to deformation. An attempt is made to define the ideal micropellet from the point of view of size, kinetic features, and biodegradation properties. PMID- 7028984 TI - Measurement of the sperm binding capacity of the mouse zona pellucida and its use in the estimation of anti-zona antibody titres. AB - Conditions have been defined under which the sperm binding capacity of the mouse zona pellucida can be measured. As a measure of the concentration of anti-zona antibodies the inhibition of sperm binding appears to be both repeatable and sensitive. Using this technique anti-zona antibody titres were monitored in 6 rats actively immunized with extracts of mouse ovarian tissue. These animals exhibited a rapid rise in anti-zona antibody titre following the induction of immunity, and an associated significant (P less than 0.05) decline in their fertility, both in relation to the proportions of animals exhibiting fertile matings and of matings resulting in conception. Three of the animals exhibited permanent sterility despite repeated exposure to fertile males. PMID- 7028985 TI - Examination of different preparations of human placental plasma membrane for the binding of insulin, transferrin and immunoglobulins. AB - Plasma membrane was prepared from human placental tissue by two standard methods. The preparations, termed PVM and PPM, examined by electron microscopy and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were characterized with respect to their binding properties for insulin, transferrin, alpha 2-macroglobulin and the immunoglobulins, IgM and IgG1. By means of sucrose density-gradient centrifugation, it was possible to fractionate the PVM into two distinct fractions. The first fraction, under the conditions used, was heavier (density greater than 1.080 g . cm-3) and was obtained as a pellet. It bound transferrin and IgM and had low specific activities for 5'-nucleotidase and for the binding of IgG1. The lighter fraction (density range 1.048-1.050 g . cm-3) had a high specific activity for 5'-nucleotidase and for IgG1 binding. Transferrin and IgM did not bind to this fraction. Insulin bound to both the fractions with comparable levels of specific binding activity, while alpha 2-macroglobulin binding was undetectable. The PPM preparation was found to have binding properties similar to those of the light fraction of PVM. PMID- 7028986 TI - Effect of progesterone on LH-releasing activity of the hypothalamus in non-laying hens primed with oestradiol. AB - LH-releasing activity of the hypothalamus in non-laying hens following the injection of progesterone was increased in hens that had been treated with oestradiol 4 h earlier. Short-term priming with oestradiol may be effective in increasing the responsiveness of the hen hypothalamus to progesterone. PMID- 7028987 TI - Sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus reactive with human endothelial cells. AB - Human endothelial cells (EC) cultured from umbilical cord veins were reacted with sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and normal persons. Immunofluorescent staining for IgG, IgM and IgA was then performed. Two types of control cells were also used, human foreskin fibroblasts and KB cells (a human carcinoma cell line). Sera from 9 of the 18 (50%) SLE patients showed cytoplasmic staining of EC for IgG. KB cells and fibroblasts did not stain. None of the RA or normal sera showed positive staining. In the 9 instances in which there was positive staining, 4 had evidence of cutaneous vasculitis. In contrast, none of the 9 patients without EC cytoplasmic staining had clinical evidence of cutaneous vasculitis. This data suggests that some SLE patients have an IgG antibody that reacts with EC cytoplasm which may be related to cutaneous vasculitis. PMID- 7028988 TI - Potential role of cyclosporin A in corneal grafting. AB - The immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A has been shown to be effective in preventing corneal allograft reactions in rabbits when administered by intramuscular injection. However, when used systemically in man, the drug may have potentially serious side effects and a series of experiments has therefore been performed in order to investigate the use of topically applied cyclosporin A in rabbit corneal transplants. Using a single set model of the corneal allograft reaction, two groups of rabbits treated with topically applied cyclosporin A for periods of four and thirteen weeks respectively showed significantly increased graft survival compared with untreated controls (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7028989 TI - James Neild (1744-1814) and prison reform. PMID- 7028990 TI - Application of morphometrical methods in studies of the mandibular condyle. AB - Two mandibular condyles of a growing monkey (Macaca fascicularis) were used for developing and testing a morphometrical model system suitable for generating quantitative data about the structure of and the growth activities in the articulating surface layers. The animal received 3H-proline (1 mCi/kg body weight) 24 h and 3H-thymidine (0.5 mCi/kg body weight) 3 h prior to killing. Using standardized conditions, 1-2 microns thick histological sections were processed for autoradiography. The morphometrical analysis was carried out using light microscopy at two levels of magnification. Sampling of tissue fields was performed at twenty-four (level I) and twelve (level II) different sites, respectively. These sites were distributed systematically in the anteroposterior and lateromedial dimension of the cartilaginous condylar covering. Using a multivariate analysis of variance, a parameter comparison revealed significant differences between single sampling sites in the anteroposterior as well as in the lateromedial direction, suggesting that the articulating condylar surface is inhomogeneous with respect to both structures and growth activities. The sampling mode eventually arrived at in this study was shown to be sufficient for the recording of gradients within the condylar surface layers. The model system presented permits simultaneous quantitative characterization of structure and growth activities such as mitotic cell division and extracellular matrix production of the condylar cartilage including the zone of its replacement by bone. PMID- 7028991 TI - Gene organization and primary structure of a ribosomal RNA operon from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7028992 TI - Isolated and distribution of myosin isoenzymes in chicken pectoralis muscle. PMID- 7028993 TI - The L7/L12 stalk, a conserved feature of the prokaryotic ribosome, is attached to the large subunit through its N terminus. PMID- 7028994 TI - Electron microscope observation of a fibre structure formed by non-specific binding of cAMP receptor protein to DNA. PMID- 7028995 TI - Phenotypic diversification of a cultured tumor line as a function of substratum. AB - We have found that a murine hepatoma displays a considerable phenotypic diversification in culture, which depends upon the substratum utilized, and is manifested by the formation of multicellular structures of differing geometry: Monolayer on glass and plastic, thick multilayer pads on Gelfilm, and spheroids on agar and agarose. These multicellular morphological phenotypes were assayed without disruption to ascertain their antigenicity in vitro and their tumorigenicity in vivo and to obtain quantitative information on the effect of the spatial arrangement of the hepatoma cells upon the ability of each multicellular structure to interact, as a whole, with molecules and cells in its surroundings. The antigenicity of the multicellular structures was determined with calibrated probes and a methodology that measures the total antigenicity, as well as antigenicity per unit of surface area. Antigenicity was found to differ in the following decreasing order: Monolayer on plastic greater than spheroids on agarose greater than spheroids on agar greater than multilayer on Gelfilm. At least part of these antigenic variants arise from different degrees of masking of the structures' surface determinants by a trypsin-sensitive material. The multicellular phenotypes also differed in tumorigenicity. When assayed in syngeneic hosts under comparable conditions, agar-grown spheroids produced the fewest tumors, whereas Gelfilm-grown multilayers produced the most. These two independent sets of data show that the various geometries that a tumor tissue is induced to acquire by the culture substratum are accompanied by a distinctive combination of surface and biological properties. PMID- 7028996 TI - Protease-insensitive sea urchin embryo cell adhesions become protease sensitive in the presence of azide or cytochalasin B. AB - To understand the nature of the cell adhesions that must be modified during sea urchin embryo primary mesenchyme formation, we are studying the adhesive components of the hatched blastula stage embryo of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Pronase treatment conditions have been defined that leave the cells intact and able to recover from the effects of the protease upon its removal. Under these conditions, adhesion of the cells to tissue culture plates is totally eliminated, but cell-cell adhesion formation is only partially inhibited. Analysis of iodinated cell surface proteins indicates that most are affected by the pronase. Further studies of pronase effects found that sodium azide-treated cells are slightly adhesive and that pronase treatment of azide-treated cells totally eliminates cell-cell adhesions. PMID- 7028997 TI - Sulfated glycoproteins and extracellular matrix of cultured human pulmonary endothelial cells. AB - Endothelial cells derived from human pulmonary arteries incorporate (3H) glucosamine and 35SO4 into glycosaminoglycans and into the carbohydrate side chains of glycoproteins. These 3H/35S-carbohydrate chains were isolated from cells and culture medium after Pronase digestion. The 3H/35S-glycosaminoglycans were separated from the 3H/35S glycopeptides by chromatography on Sephadex G-50. The distribution of cellular glycosaminoglycans and glycopeptides indicated that 30-60% of the cellular 35S-glycopeptides may be associated with the matrix components that are synthesized by the cell and attached to a plastic substratum. Human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells were grown on collagen or on a matrix derived from vascular smooth muscle cells in order to investigate how smooth muscle cell extracellular matrix components may regulate the synthesis of endothelial cell glycoconjugates. Endothelial cells grown on plastic release various proportions of the glycoconjugates they synthesize into the culture medium. However, these same cells, when grown on substratum composed of extracellular matrix materials, synthesized altered proportions of cell associated glycosaminoglycans and reduced the levels of total glycosaminoglycans they released into the culture medium. Thus the growth of endothelial cells on a matrix of smooth muscle cell components indicates that the glycosaminoglycan materials released into the culture medium by cells grown on a plastic substratum may not be an accurate reflection of the levels or composition of extracellular matrix materials made by endothelial cells in vivo. PMID- 7028998 TI - Genetics of receptors for bioactive polypeptides: a variant of Swiss/3T3 fibroblasts resistant to a cytotoxic insulin accumulates lysosome-like vesicles. AB - Recently we have isolated six variants of Swiss/3T3 mouse fibroblasts that are resistant to the cytotoxic insulin-diphtheria toxin A fragment. All of the variants proved to have greatly reduced or no insulin binding capacity, and several variants showed altered morphologies and growth characteristics. We now report on the further characterization of one of these variants, CI-3, which displays a massive accumulation of membranous vesicles in its cytoplasm. By electron microscopy these vesicles resemble lysosomes. They also appear to fluoresce bright orange after treatment of viable cells with acridine orange. However, the specific activity of several lysosomal enzymes is depressed in CI-3. Additionally, there is an apparent shift in the density of vesicles containing lysosomal enzymes in this variant. These alterations may be directly related to CI-3's resistance to the cytotoxic insulin and have some important bearings on the mechanism of insulin action. PMID- 7028999 TI - Expression of glial antigens C1 and M1 in developing and adult neurologically mutant mice. AB - The distribution of two glial antigens (C1 and M1) has been studied by indirect immunofluorescence during postnatal development of the cerebella of normal and neurologically mutant mice (weaver, staggerer, reeler, Purkinje cell degeneration, and wobbler). During the first postnatal week of normal development, C1 antigen is expressed in ependyma. Bergmann glial fibers (BG), and astrocytes of the internal granular layer and white matter. After day 10, C1 antigen is restricted to BG and ependymal cells. During the second and third week. BG undergo a transient loss of C1 antigen that starts in medioventral areas and spreads in a gradient dorsally and laterally. In reeler, weaver, and staggerer, C1 antigen expression is normal during the first postnatal week, and subsides in BG in a similar spatial gradient as described for the normal littermates. However, the loss of C1 antigen in BG occurs earlier (first in reeler, then in weaver, and last in staggerer) and is not reversible as it is in normal mice. In Purkinje cell degeneration, C1 antigen expression is diminished in BG after the onset of behavioral abnormalities. Wobbler is normal with respect to C1 antigen expression at adult ages. M1 antigen is detectable in white matter astrocytes from postnatal day 7 on, and persists in these cells into adulthood. Astrocytes if the internal granular layer and BG express M1 antigen only transiently in normal mice during the second and third weeks. The appearance of M1 antigen in BG occurs in a spatiotemporal gradient, matching the one in which C1 antigen disappears. M1 antigen expression is abnormally maintained in BG of reeler, staggerer, and weaver. In Purkinje cell degeneration. M1 antigen is expressed abnormally at the onset of behavioral abnormalities first in astrocytes of the internal granular layer and, with growing age, increasingly also in BG. In wobbler, BG do not express M1 antigen. However, astrocytes of the granular layer are abnormally M1 antigen-positive. PMID- 7029000 TI - Suppression of tumorigenicity in cybrids. AB - We investigated cytoplasmic control of tumorigenicity in cybrids. Cytoplasts derived from nontumorigenic cells were fused to the highly tumorigenic 984 C1 10 15 cell line derived from a murine teratoma. The resultant cybrids did not retain the tumorigenicity of the original cell line. In addition, the majority demonstrated the ability to differentiate into skeletal muscle. The results of these experiments indicate a heritable suppression of the tumorigenic phenotype by nontumorigenic cytoplasm. These findings are in contrast to our previous experiments in which we used a different experimental system and demonstrated a nuclear control of tumorigenicity in cybrids. PMID- 7029001 TI - Presence of trifoliin A, a Rhizobium-binding lectin, in clover root exudate. AB - Trifoliin A, a Rhizobium-binding glycoprotein from white clover, was detected in sterile clover root exudate by a sensitive immunofluorescence assay employing encapsulated cells of Rhizobium trifolii 0403 heat-fixed to microscope slides. Its presence in root exudate was further examined by immunoaffinity chromatography. The binding of trifoliin A to cells was specifically inhibited by the hapten, 2-deoxyglucose. Significantly higher quantities of trifoliin A were detected in root exudate of seedlings grown hydroponically in nitrogen-free medium than in rooting medium containing 15 mM NO-3, a concentration which completely suppressed root hair infection by the nitrogen-fixing symbiont. The presence of trifoliin A in root exudate may make it possible for recognition processes to occur before the microsymbiont attaches to its plant host. PMID- 7029002 TI - Glucose-dependent changes in growth hormone regulation associated with sepsis. AB - Major alterations in the glucose-mediated regulation of growth hormone are associated with sepsis; however, these alterations are not related to the rate of change in plasma glucose or changes in glucagon, epinephrine levels, or circulating levels of arginine. Alterations in the growth hormone regulatory mechanism occurred among septic patients who manifested severe glucose intolerance which was associated with suppression of insulin production. Inhibition of growth hormone release in these patients may have an adverse effect on amino acid movement, which lends further support to the concept that sustained hyperglycemia in the septic patient is undesirable. PMID- 7029003 TI - Comparative assessment of the early mechanical integrity of repaired tendon Achillis ruptures in the rabbit. AB - The effectiveness of closed versus open management of Achilles tendon ruptures was studied in a series of 40 adult rabbits. Tensile test data of tendon repair specimens excised after 10 weeks of equinus cast immobilization revealed stiffness and strength deficits, relative to uninjured contralateral tendons, ranging from 70 to 88%. Although no statistically significant differences in these early tensile properties were noted among groups managed conservatively versus those treated openly, the closed management group healed with length increases more than three times those which resulted from suture repair. Apposition of a small, longitudinal polytetrafluorethylene (Gore & Assoc., Newark, DE) patch graft in order to stimulate fibroblastic proliferation at the repair site had no biomechanical advantage over simple Kleinert suturing. The tensile test data were found to be consistent with the histological appearance of the repair sites and with detailed rupture dynamics patterns recorded by high speed cinematography. PMID- 7029004 TI - Comparison of simple sugar/salt versus glucose/electrolyte oral rehydration solutions in infant diarrhoea. AB - In a randomized double-blind trial, infants with mild or moderate diarrhoeal dehydration were rehydrated orally either with a simple solution containing table sugar and salt (without potassium or bicarbonate) or with a complete glucose/electrolyte formula. All 32 given glucose/electrolyte solution and 27 (93%) of 29 infants given sugar/salt were successfully rehydrated with similar improvement in metabolic acidosis and rapidity of rehydration. The drawbacks to oral therapy with simple sugar/salt solution were the frequent development of hypokalaemia and greater volume of vomiting during treatment. Carefully prepared sugar/salt solution, if accompanied by adequate potassium supplementation, may be used as an alternative to the preferred glucose/electrolyte formula when the latter is unavailable. PMID- 7029005 TI - Metastasis to the submaxillary gland from the breast - a case report and literature review. AB - Most series of submandibular gland tumors include a 50 per cent incidence of malignancy. However, very few reports of metastases to the submaxillary gland have appeared. This report documents a case of carcinoma of the breast which metastasized to the submaxillary gland 19 years following the appearance of the primary. Diagnosis was confirmed by immunofluorescence and estrogen and progesterone binding proteins. This report represents the eighth reported case of metastases to the submaxillary gland from a non head and neck primary. Although this occurrence is a rarity, those dealing with head and neck malignancies should be aware of its existence. The significance of the estrogen binding proteins and immunofluorescent diagnostic techniques is discussed. PMID- 7029006 TI - The leukocyte adherence inhibition assay as a measure of antitumor immunity in bladder cancer patients. AB - The leukocyte adherence inhibition test was used to assess antitumor immunity of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Patients and controls were tested against extracts of transitional cell carcinoma as well as extracts of renal cell carcinoma and normal bladder mucosa. Patients with transitional cell carcinoma had significantly greater reactivity compared to patients with other genitourinary disease or normal controls. With a pooled tumor extract from 6 different transitional cell tumors a positive response was obtained in up to 82 per cent of patients with other genitourinary disease. These results suggest that the leukocyte adherence inhibition test is a sensitive and fairly specific test of antitumor immunity in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. PMID- 7029007 TI - The bacterial flora of the vaginal vestibule, urethra and vagina in premenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections. AB - Gram-negative enteric bacteria, mainly Escherichia coli, form the predominant microbial flora of the introitus, vagina and urethra in women with a normal genitourinary tract but who are prone to suffer recurrent urinary infections. The infections in these women tend to occur in greater numbers and persist for long intervals, compared to normal control women who never experience urinary infections and in whom the main introital, vaginal and urethral microbial flora consists of lactobacilli and staphylococci. The appearance of gram-negative enterobacteria in the normal and control subjects usually is a rare and transitory event. The majority of urinary tract infections that developed in our population during this study was preceded by a persistent similar gram-negative vulvovaginal and urethral microbial flora. However, prolonged spontaneous intervals occurred occasionally during which the introital, vaginal and urethral cultures were free of gram-negative bacteria, with simultaneous intervals free of infection. Nevertheless, all of these intervals ended with documented urinary tract infections. The introital culture is a reliable mirror of the vulvovaginal and urethral microbial flora and, therefore, it is adequate in the study of urinary infections in women. PMID- 7029008 TI - Arterial embolization of renal allograft to control hemorrhage secondary to percutaneous nephropyelostomy. PMID- 7029009 TI - Aggressive management of bilateral renal cell carcinoma. AB - We review 4 cases of bilateral renal cell carcinoma. Treatment included extracorporeal surgery with subsequent autotransplantation in 2 patients and radical nephrectomy combined with contralateral partial nephrectomy in the remaining 2 patients. Absence of recurrence as well as length of patient survival supports this aggressive therapy. PMID- 7029010 TI - Maintaining diastemas with fixed restorations. PMID- 7029011 TI - Neuroscience takes the Nobel Prize. PMID- 7029012 TI - St. Hildegard. PMID- 7029013 TI - A survey of medical numismatics. Medicina in Nummis. PMID- 7029014 TI - Radiotherapy plus hyperthermia equals progress against cancer. PMID- 7029015 TI - Outcome of renal transplantation for end-stage reflux nephropathy. PMID- 7029016 TI - Schack August Steenberg Krogh. PMID- 7029017 TI - Lidocaine: antiarrhythmic panacea or cardiac cosmetic agent. PMID- 7029018 TI - Drug prophylaxis for arterial thromboembolism--1981. AB - Recent multicenter clinical trials using platelet-suppressive agents for the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction have yielded inconclusive results, although some of the data suggest possible benefits. For transient ischemic attacks, after carotid artery surgery has been eliminated as an option, aspirin is the drug of choice for men; for women, and for men in whom aspirin fails, warfarin sodium should be considered. Warfarin is indicated after insertion of cardiac prosthetic disk valves, and if systemic emboli occur, dipyridamole should be added. Patients with atrial fibrillation should be treated prophylactically with coumarin agents, but only if underlying organic heart disease is demonstrable. PMID- 7029019 TI - Michael Idvorsky Pupin. PMID- 7029020 TI - Mount St Helens eruptions, May 18 to June 12, 1980. An overview of the acute health impact. AB - Thirty-five known deaths were caused by the landslide and lateral blast of the May 18 eruption of Mount St Helens and at least 23 persons are missing. In 18 of 23 cases that reached autopsy, asphyxiation from ash inhalation was the cause of death. A rapidly established hospital surveillance system detected increases in the number of emergency room (ER) visits and admissions for asthma and bronchitis in communities with the heaviest ashfall after the May 18 eruption and the eruptions on May 25 and June 12. There were also increases in the number of ER visits for ash-related eye complaints in some areas. laboratory studies indicated that the May 18 ash was not acutely toxic, but the respirable portion contained 3% to 7% of crystalline free silica, a potential pneumoconiosis hazard to certain heavily exposed occupational groups. Continuing volcanic activity of Mount St Helens and future eruption of other volcanoes in the Cascade Range may pose a variety of health hazards, including blast, ashfalls, flooding, damage to public utilities, and possible psychosocial effects. PMID- 7029021 TI - Bartolomeo Eustachi. PMID- 7029022 TI - Lumbosacral skin lesions as markers of occult spinal dysraphism. AB - Early treatment of occult spinal dysraphism may prevent progressive neurological deficits. However, diagnosis is often delayed until the onset of irreversible neurological damage. A review of data from the literature and patients at Johns Hopkins Hospital suggests that lumbosacral skin abnormalities such as tufts of hair, hemangiomas, lipomas, skin tags, or pigmented nevi should alert the physician to search for occult spinal dysraphism. In the asymptomatic patient with a skin lesion, roentgenography of the lumbosacral spine is a useful screening procedure for identifying treatable underlying problems. PMID- 7029023 TI - Norwegian scabies in a renal transplant patient. PMID- 7029024 TI - Treatment of neurosyphilis. PMID- 7029025 TI - Richard Adolf Zsigmondy. PMID- 7029026 TI - Effects of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion on myocardial infarction and myocardial blood flow following experimental coronary artery occlusion. AB - To determine the therapeutic effects of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution, 5 control dogs and 5 GIK-treated dogs were investigated 24 hours after coronary artery occlusion by use of myocardial creatine phosphokinase (CK) activity and myocardial thallium-201 uptake. There was no significant difference in myocardial blood flow estimated by thallium-201 uptake between the control and the GIK group, but myocardial CK activity in the ischemic zone of GIK-treated animals was significantly higher than that of the control group. This suggests that administration of GIK solution is effective in protecting myocardial tissue in the central ischemic area and that this protecting action of GIK seems to be independent of myocardial blood flow. PMID- 7029027 TI - The effect of age on active and cryoactivatable inactive plasma renin in normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension. AB - The effect of age on active and cryoactivatable inactive plasma renin levels was examined in 58 normal subjects and 58 patients with essential hypertension during recumbency and after stimulation with furosemide and ambulation. Active renin levels declined with age in both supine subjects and patients. Inactive renin levels did not change with age in normal subjects, while in hypertensive patients they decreased with age. Following stimulation with furosemide and ambulation, the levels of active renin increased but its responsiveness to the stimulus decreased with age in both groups. In contrast, inactive renin was not significantly influenced by furosemide administration and ambulation. These data show that an acute stimulation with furosemide and ambulation affects mainly the active form of plasma renin, and that the effect of age on inactive plasma renin in normal subjects may be different from that in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 7029028 TI - Relationship between blood pressure and blood levels of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (SQ 14,225). AB - The time courses of mean blood pressure (MBP), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA), serum prostaglandin E (PGE), serum angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE), and blood levels of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (SQ 14,225) (captopril) were studied in 6 patients with essential hypertension (5 men and 1 woman, aged 44 +/- 5.6 (mean +/- S.E.) years) before and 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after administration of 25 mg captopril. MBP and ACE began to fall within 30 min and reached a significant minimum between 60 and 180 min after captopril administration. PRA was significantly increased 60 min after captopril administration and continued for 180 min. On the other hand, PA had begun to fall significantly 180 min after captopril administration. The blood levels of captopril were significantly increased 30 min after captopril administration, with a peak at 120 min. The levels at 180 min were half the peak. The levels of PGE were not significantly changed within 180 min after captopril administration. These results suggest a discrepancy between the changes in MBP and the blood levels of captopril. The blood pressure lowering effect may be due to inhibition of angiotensin II (Ang. II) during the short-acting effect, and due to decrease of PA, metabolites of captopril, increase of kinin in the blood, inhibition of the slow pressor effect of Ang. II, increases of other depressor hormones such as prostacyclin and other depressor mechanisms during the long acting effect. PMID- 7029029 TI - Reversibility of acid-activation and cryoactivation of inactive renin in human plasma. PMID- 7029030 TI - A circadian variation in the excretion of urinary kinin, kallikrein and prostaglandin E in normal volunteers. AB - The present study shows that there is a circadian variation in the excretion of urinary kinin, kallikrein and prostaglandin E (PGE) as well as urine flow, urinary sodium excretion and urinary potassium excretion in recumbent healthy volunteers. The present data, that the acrophase of urinary kallikrein excretion was 1.5 hr later than that of plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and that a significant positive correlation was found in circadian variations between urinary kallikrein and PAC, suggest that the circadian variation of urinary kallikrein excretion may be regulated by aldosterone. The pattern of circadian variation of average urinary kinin excretion coincided with those of average urine flow, urinary sodium excretion and urinary PGE excretion, suggesting that renal kinin and PGE may be involved in the regulation of water-sodium excretion. The present data that the phase of circadian variation of urinary kinin was delayed from that of urinary kallikrein and that there was a mirror image between the circadian variation in urinary kinin and kallikrein suggest that there may be a feedback mechanism in renal kallikrein-kinin system. PMID- 7029031 TI - Central and peripheral effects of dopamine on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in conscious rats. AB - To investigate the role of the central and peripheral dopaminergic systems in the control of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in conscious rats, dopamine or its antagonist, metoclopramide, was injected intravenously (i.v.) and intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). Dopamine (100 micrograms/kg), when injected i.c.v., decreased plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PA), while metoclopramide (50 micrograms/kg, i.c.v.) increased both of them. Intravenous administration of dopamine (1 microgram/kg/min) did not produce significant changes in either PRA or PA. In contrast, metoclopramide (500 micrograms/kg, i.v.) increased PA, which was not accompanied by any change in PRA. Blood pressure was decreased by i.c.v. administration of dopamine and increased by i.c.v. injection of metoclopramide, whereas no change in blood pressure was observed when these compounds were administered i.v. Dopamine and metoclopramide, injected i.v. or i.c.v., did not produce significant changes in plasma sodium, potassium and corticosterone concentrations. These results suggest that the dopaminergic system in the brain regulates renin secretion, thereby changing PA. In contrast, dopamine receptors of the adrenal glands may inhibit aldosterone secretion, which is not mediated by changes in the renin-angiotensin system, plasma potassium and ACTH. PMID- 7029032 TI - Correction of hypertension by partial nephrectomy in segmental renal artery stenosis and electron microscopic studies of renin. AB - An 18-year-old man had hypertension with hyperreninemia and marked difference in plasma renin activity between both renal veins after tilting. Selective renal arteriography revealed a stenotic lesion in a segmental artery to the upper pole of the left kidney with poststenotic dilatation. The upper pole of the kidney with abnormal arterial segment was resected and the blood pressure returned to normal. Electron microscopically, a large number of mature juxtaglomerular cell granules were associated with many protogranules in the epitheloid cell. These findings suggest that his hypertension was due to overproduction of renin from the upper pole. PMID- 7029033 TI - Brain lipids of a still-born 28-week-old fetus from a pregnant woman with severe hydramnion. AB - Some of the total brain weighing 370 g of a 28-week-old fetus who had been still born from a pregnant woman with severe hydramnion as used for the experiment. The fetal brain was dissected into the cortex and medulla of cerebral frontal, parietal and occipital lobes, and the cerebellum. Various lipids of them were analysed in detail. The total lipids constituted 2.1-2.8% of the tissue wet weight, respectively, in every portion of the fetal brain. The total cholesterol and total phospholipids constituted 19-25% and 72-80% of the total lipids, respectively, in it. Particularly, the fetal brain showed some characteristic features of lipids which are not observed in neonatal, infantile and adult brains; a trace amount of galactolipids, a presence of cholesterol ester constituting 0.4-0.9% of the total lipids and a large amount of phosphatidylcholine constituting 57-73% of the total phospholipids. This suggests that myelination was still not active in the brain of 28-week-old fetus. However, the medulla showed a higher ratio of ethanolamine-plasmalogen to phosphatidylethanolamine than the cortex. This indicates that the brain of 28 week-old fetus is at the primary stage of the differentiation into the gray and white matters. The total ganglioside contents were 0.9-1.0 mumol N acetylneuraminic acid/g wet weight of the cerebral tissues and 0.3 mumol N acetylneuraminic acid/g wet weight of the cerebellum. The molar percent distribution of gangliosides showed no difference between the medulla and cortex in the cerebrum, but a difference between the cerebral and cerebellar tissues. PMID- 7029034 TI - Serologic detection of inapparent Tyzzer's disease in rats. PMID- 7029035 TI - Colonization and pathogenicity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, MC16, in mice and cynomolgus monkeys after oral and intravenous administration. AB - Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an ascomycetous yeast and a candidate for a host-vector system in recombinant DNA experiments, was examined for its pathogenicity and colonization in mice and cynomolgus monkeys as the models of the biological containment level. Adult mice given perorally with 5.5 or 2.4X10(7) cells of MC16 strain S. cerevisiae excluded them rapidly and no colonization of the cells in the abdominal organs, lymph nodes or gastrointestinal wall was demonstrated. No change in the fecal flora was observed. Cynomolgus monkeys after peroral administration of 4.9X10(7) or 7.8X10(8) cells showed a similar tendency of rapid exclusion and the lack of colonization. Cortisone acetate treatment had no significant effect. Intravenous administration of 3.9X10(7) yeast cells had no pathogenic effect and no viable yeast cell was detected in the blood. The biological containment level of S. cerevisiae was suggested to be not lower than that of E. coli K12 B1 level, and the possibility of achieving the B2 level was also suggested. PMID- 7029036 TI - Encountering the recent influx of Cuban refugees in the emergency department. PMID- 7029038 TI - Analysis of emergency department nursing functions. PMID- 7029037 TI - Sudden death: survivors' perceptions of their emergency department experience. PMID- 7029039 TI - Interviewing ambulance personnel. PMID- 7029040 TI - Foreign object-induced sexual trauma. PMID- 7029041 TI - Trauma notebook: peritoneal lavage. PMID- 7029042 TI - Law and the emergency department nurse: Consent forms: who does what? When, where, and why? PMID- 7029043 TI - Motivation theory. PMID- 7029044 TI - Stab wound to the chest. PMID- 7029045 TI - Differentiation of chest pain in the emergency department. PMID- 7029046 TI - Prehospital care of a man with supraventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7029048 TI - Assessment of abdominal trauma. PMID- 7029047 TI - Aspects of emergency nursing in rural areas. PMID- 7029049 TI - Pediatric emergency services triage. PMID- 7029050 TI - Acetaminophen: its increasing popularity and inherent dangers. PMID- 7029051 TI - Sexual misuse of children: an emergency department nursing perspective. PMID- 7029052 TI - Emergency department of nurses' specific knowledge of emergency care. PMID- 7029053 TI - Ethics and the ED nurse: addressing ethical questions surrounding criteria for cessation of CPR in emergency departments. PMID- 7029054 TI - Law and the ED nurse: emergency department equipment and supply failure. PMID- 7029055 TI - Components of a motivation system: communication. PMID- 7029056 TI - Trauma notebook: differential diagnosis in cardiopulmonary arrest. PMID- 7029057 TI - Emergency care education: rural style. PMID- 7029058 TI - Clinical update: toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 7029059 TI - Caring for the urban American Indian patient. PMID- 7029060 TI - Ethics and the ED nurse: triage in emergency services. PMID- 7029061 TI - Incidentally: helpful hints in emergency nursing practice. PMID- 7029062 TI - Law and the ED nurse: "UFOs.". PMID- 7029063 TI - Components of a motivation system: staff involvement. PMID- 7029064 TI - Trauma notebook: A = airway. PMID- 7029065 TI - A young woman with shortness of breath. PMID- 7029066 TI - Management of radiation accident victims: a suggested protocol. PMID- 7029067 TI - Emergency services and nurse staffing: trauma center vs. suburban emergency department. PMID- 7029068 TI - Protection of the pregnant woman in the emergency department. PMID- 7029069 TI - The nursing crisis: opportunity and danger. PMID- 7029070 TI - You are "they". PMID- 7029071 TI - Copper sulfate overdose. PMID- 7029072 TI - Illinois Trauma Nurse Specialist Program: Cook County component. PMID- 7029073 TI - Heat stroke. PMID- 7029074 TI - Op-Site dressing: new approach to burn care. PMID- 7029075 TI - Golden rules for accurate triage. PMID- 7029076 TI - Changing emergency department use: nurses' perceptions and attitudes. PMID- 7029077 TI - Emergency nursing and the growing elderly population. PMID- 7029078 TI - Ethics and the ED nurse: nursing professionalism, ethics, and smoking. PMID- 7029079 TI - Law and the ED nurse: repeated narcotic administration. PMID- 7029080 TI - Components of a motivation system: leadership. PMID- 7029082 TI - Dues, dues. PMID- 7029081 TI - Trauma notebook: bites and stings. PMID- 7029083 TI - And more dues. PMID- 7029084 TI - A case of tetanus. PMID- 7029085 TI - Alcohol withdrawal syndromes. PMID- 7029086 TI - Helping the alcoholic patient on the road to recovery. PMID- 7029087 TI - Stigma management with the alcoholic. PMID- 7029088 TI - Gonorrhea in the emergency department. PMID- 7029089 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 7029090 TI - ED nursing SOAP notes. PMID- 7029091 TI - Ethics and the ED nurse: rethinking ethics for the incompetent patient. PMID- 7029092 TI - Law and the ED nurse: who's responsible for the ED record? PMID- 7029093 TI - Leadership: essential qualities. PMID- 7029094 TI - Trauma notebook: intravenous medications commonly used in the emergency department. PMID- 7029095 TI - Immunoperoxidase localization of carcinoembryonic antigen in normal human intestinal mucosa. AB - The indirect, labeled antibody and peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) methods were studied to determine their sensitivity in detecting carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in conventionally processed specimens of morphologically normal human colon mucosa. CEA-positive staining was demonstrated in 13 of 19 specimens reacted with the PAP method, whereas only 4 of these specimens stained positive with the labeled antibody procedure. Detection of CEA with either technique was unrelated to normal mucosa content of antigen as determined by radioimmunoassay. Tissue fixation in 95% ethanol 1% acetic acid (EA) resulted in an enhanced and defined cytoplasmic staining of the normal colon cell lining the mucosal surface and upper levels of the glandular crypts. Cytoplasmic localization in Formalin fixed specimens was absent or markedly reduced. Colon goblet cells and the small intestinal epithelium were CEA-negative in both Formalin- and EA-fixed specimens. These results show that the PAP immunoperoxidase method is more sensitive than the indirect, labeled antibody procedure in detecting CEA in morphologically normal colon mucosa. Furthermore, staining of tissues fixed in EA demonstrated that CEA is a product of the columnar epithelial cell and is not associated with goblet cells. PMID- 7029096 TI - Epithelial focus assay for early detection of carcinogen-altered cells in various organs of rats exposed in situ to N-nitrosoheptamethyleneimine. AB - The purpose of these studies was to determine a) whether epithelial cells with altered in vitro growth capacity occur not only after topical application of 7-12 dimethylbenz [a]-anthracene but also after systemic administration of a carcinogenic nitrosamine, and b) whether such cells can be isolated from tissues other than tracheal mucosa. AT 3 and 20 weeks following intragastric administration of 150, 300, or 600 mg N-nitrosohepatamethyleneimine (NHMI)/kg, cells were harvested from tracheas, esophagi, and lungs (target tissues for NHMI) of inbred F344 rats and seeded into culture dishes. Normal cells from nonexposed organs produced no proliferative epithelial foci (EF). Of those tracheas sampled 3 weeks following exposure to 150 and 300 mg/kg 10 and 20%, respectively, contained one or more EF that could be subcultured. Of these tracheas harvested 3 weeks post exposure to 600 mg/kg or 20 weeks post exposure to 150-600 mg/kg, 80 100% contained EF that could be subcultured. Twenty weeks after 600 mg NHMI/kg, the incidence of tracheas harboring cell populations with neoplastic potential (agarose-positive EF) was 80%, whereas the tracheal tumor incidence determined at 24 months was only 29%. Epithelial focus-forming units with various abnormal in vitro growth potentials were also detected in esophagi and lungs of NHMI-exposed rats. PMID- 7029097 TI - Enhanced lymphoma incidence in BALB/c mice after ultraviolet light treatment. AB - Following UV irradiation of BALB/c mice three times a week for 9 months, lymphatic leukemia or reticulosarcoma developed in 44 (12%) of 378 mice whose backs were shaved and whose ears were intact. Only 11 (5%) of 224 UV-irradiated mice whose backs were shaved and whose ears were removed developed lymphomas. Among 311 unirradiated mice whose backs were shaved, 9 lymphomas (3%) occurred. The diagnosis of leukemia or reticulosarcoma was confirmed by microscopy and transplantation. Among irradiated mice, ear tumors developed in 24% of the mice with intact ear, whereas skin tumors developed on the shaved backs in 4% of the mice whose ears were removed and also in 4% of the mice with intact ears. PMID- 7029098 TI - Carcinogen bioassay and mutagenicity studies with the hypolipidemic agent gemfibrozil. AB - Gemfibrozil, a novel hypolipidemic agent identified chemically as 2,2-dimethyl-5 (2,5-xylyoxy) valeric acid, was evaluated for mutagenic potential in in vitro assays with Salmonella typhimurium. For evaluation of tumorigenic potential, gemfibrozil was administered in the diet (0.30, and 300 mg gemfibrozil/kg) to groups of noninbred CD-1 mice (72/sex) and noninbred CD rats (50/sex) for 78 and 104 weeks, respectively. In the bacterial mutagenesis assays, between 100 and 2,500 microgram gemfibrozil/plate failed to induce a significant increase in revertant bacterial colonies. Neither was a mutagenic response in bacterial assays induced at concentrations up to 300 microgram of five in vivo metabolites of gemifibrozil isolated from rat urine/plate. In mice, gemfibrozil did not significantly increase the frequency or the mean latency period of tumors. In rats, the statistically significant increases in hepatocellular tumors and interstitial cell tumors of the testes were dose related. Adrenal medullary and pancreatic acinar tumors were increased in male rats but were inversely dose related. Under the conditions of this assay, gemfibrozil did not elicit a tumorigenic potential in mice and female rats. In male rats and related to the hepatocellular tumor response, the peroxisome proliferation seen did not occur in humans chronically administered hypolipidemics. PMID- 7029099 TI - Adjuvant effect of vitamin A palmitate and analogs on cell-mediated immunity. AB - The sc route was used to study the adjuvant effect of vitamin A palmitate (VA) and the retinoids isotretinoin (Ro 4-3780), etretinate (Ro 10-9359), and motretinide (Ro 11-1430) on cell-mediated immunity to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in outbred Mai:NIH(S) mice. The immune response was quantified by a sensitive assay procedure in which the antigen is injected intracutaneously into the pinna of the mouse, and the subsequent inflammatory swelling is measured with calipers. A single simultaneous injection of 150 microgram VA enhanced cell mediated immunity to SRBC as early as 3 days following immunization, and the enhancement persisted for at least 3 weeks. Administered as a single injection 1 day or more before or after SRBC or as an ip injection, VA was not effective. Single injections of 100 microgram isotretinoin and motretinide but not etretinate also enhanced the response. The effective agents possessed adjuvanticity comparable in magnitude to that of Bordetella pertussis vaccine. PMID- 7029100 TI - Spoken on the occasion of the memorial service for Dr. Mearl F. Stanton at St. Mark's Episcopal Church, Washington, D. C., on Wednesday, May 21, 1980. PMID- 7029101 TI - Mearl F. Stanton: Recollections. PMID- 7029102 TI - Fiber carcinogenesis: epidemiologic observations and the Stanton hypothesis. PMID- 7029103 TI - Extracellular protease production of various bacteria and the role of proteases on the pathogenicity of opportunistic pathogens. PMID- 7029104 TI - Studies on perinatal biodynamics of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone releasing factor. PMID- 7029105 TI - The way ahead: on the occasion of Florence Nightingale oration at the Perth Concert Hall--Australia, 24th October, 1979. "The way ahead". PMID- 7029106 TI - [Social position and evaluation of nurses in the modern nursing history in Japan]. PMID- 7029107 TI - [Mother Theresa visits Japan--drafting of "Declaration of dignity of human life"]. PMID- 7029108 TI - [Social positions and evaluation of nurses in the modern history of nursing in Japan. 14]. PMID- 7029109 TI - [Social positions and evaluation of nurses in the modern history of nursing in Japan]. PMID- 7029110 TI - [Results of prevention of second myocardial infarct with syncumar or aspirin]. PMID- 7029111 TI - [Insulinemia in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa and V]. PMID- 7029112 TI - [Insulinemia in hypertriglyceridemia caused by long-term carbohydrate-rich diet]. PMID- 7029113 TI - [Cardiac changes in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7029114 TI - [Value of drug tests in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 7029115 TI - [Disorders of rhythm and conduction associated with surgical correction of congenital heart defects]. PMID- 7029116 TI - [Comparison of the intensity of the effect of ethmozine and its diethylamine analog on the ectopic foci of excitation at the late stage of experimental myocardial infarct]. AB - The atrioventricular block was produced in dogs 24 hours after the occlusion of the left descending coronary artery by formalin injection into the atrioventricular node or the bundle of His. The intensity and duration of the ectopic foci inhibition produced by ethmozine and by its diethylamine analogue (ethmozine DAA) were compared. It was shown that intravenous infusion of 3 mg/kg ethmozine reduced the frequency of the ectopic ventricular excitations by 28% (n = 6), 0.5 mg/kg ethmozine DAA - by 46% (n = 7), and 1 mg/kg ethmozine DAA - by 78% (n = 8). In 50% of the animals 1 mg/kg ethmozine DAA completely suppressed the ectopic activity. Duration of the drugs action was determined by the time necessary for the attainment of 50% of the maximal effect in the inhibition of ectopic exitation frequency (for 3 mg/kg ethmozine it was 32.7 +/- 2.5 min, for 0.5 mg/kg ethmozine DAA - 5.1 +/- 7.2 min, and for 1 mg/kg ethomozine DAA - 55.0 +/- 9.8 min). The results obtained suggest that the ethmozine DAA action is more intensive and of longer duration than ethmozine, and effective at the late stage of experimental myocardial infarction. PMID- 7029117 TI - [Antibodies to polysaccharides of group A Streptococcus in the sera of patients with myocarditis]. AB - Antibodies to polysaccharide of streptococcus of group A (A-polysaccharide) were studied in the sera of 95 patients with myocarditis and 105 patients of the control group (congenital heart disease, angina pectoris of effort). In myocarditis patients were found in 51 (52.7%) out of 95 cases (group I); antibodies to A-polysaccharide were absent in 44 (46.3%) of cases (group II). In the control group antibodies were found in 32 (30.4%) out of 105 patients. The number of sera with high level of antibodies to A-polysaccharide is greater in the group of patients with myocarditis, than in the control group (50,98 and 37.5%, respectively). Determination of antibodies to A-polysaccharide can be used as one of the methods for aetiological diagnosis of myocarditis. PMID- 7029118 TI - Mechanism of the antimineralocorticoid effects of spirolactones. PMID- 7029119 TI - Acute hypercalcemic hypertension in man: role of hemodynamics, catecholamines, and renin. AB - The effect of acute hypercalcemia on blood pressure, blood volume, hemodynamic parameters, plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, renin, and aldosterone concentrations was investigated. After 1 hour of equilibration, 10 patients received an infusion of calcium gluconate in 5% dextrose (calcium 15 mg/kg of body wt in 3 hours). The calcium infusion increased the mean serum calcium from 8.7 to 13.0 mg/dl, the systolic blood pressure from 144 +/- 10 to 184 +/- (SEM) 12 mm Hg (P less than 0.001), the diastolic pressure from 78 +/- 4 to 93 +/- 5 mm Hg (P less than 0.01). The plasma volume was decreased by 9% (P less than 0.001), whereas the hematocrit was increased (P less than 0.05). Heart rate and cardiac output remained unchanged. Total peripheral resistance was increased from 1643 +/ 223 to 2256 +/- 387 dyne.sec/cm5 (P less than 0.05). The plasma epinephrine concentration rose from 4.5 +/- 0.7 to 6.9 +/- 1.2 ng/dl (P less than 0.01). The plasma norepinephrine concentration was unchanged after 2 hours and increased only slightly after 3 hours of calcium infusion. Plasma renin, aldosterone, and dopamine concentrations were not significantly changed. These findings demonstrate that acute hypercalcemic hypertension is mediated by an increase in peripheral vascular resistance. Hypercalcemic hypertension may be induced by a direct effect of calcium on blood vessels; calcium-mediated increase in adrenal epinephrine release may play a mild contributory role, and plasma volume contraction, an inhibitory role. PMID- 7029121 TI - [Effect of sulfonylurea compounds on insulin secretion and growth rate in children with hypothalamo-pituitary dwarfism]. PMID- 7029120 TI - Changes in plasma 1,25 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D after renal transplantation in children. AB - The purpose of this investigation is to analyze changes in plasma 1,25-(OH)2D and 24,25-(OH)2D after successful renal transplantation in 20 children and young adults. Studies were performed on 8 subjects between the 1st and 10th month and on 12 others between the 20th and 30th to 36th month. Samples were assayed for plasma and urinary calcium, inorganic phosphate, creatinine, plasma bicarbonate, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, 25-(OH)D, 24,25-(OH)2D, and 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations. Results showed the following: (1) All subjects had normal or high plasma levels of dihydroxyvitamin D metabolites. (2) In subjects with normal GFR's there was a significant inverse correlation between plasma 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations and tubular reabsorption of phosphorus. (3) These correlations were not found in subjects with subnormal creatinine clearances (50 to 100 ml/min/1.73 m2) even though plasma 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations in these subjects were similar to those with normal creatinine clearances. (4) In subjects with subnormal creatinine clearances, an increase in plasma 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations to very high levels was observed during the first months following renal transplantation. PMID- 7029122 TI - [Common bile duct drainage via an end-placed polyvinyl chloride tube]. PMID- 7029123 TI - [Use of the greater omentum and Pi-shaped sutures for preventing eventration in liver cirrhosis patients]. PMID- 7029124 TI - [Correction of post-burn cicatricial breast deformities]. PMID- 7029125 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 7029126 TI - [Single-stapling apparatuses SMT-3 and SB-2]. PMID- 7029127 TI - [Biological tissues in heart valve surgery. Achievements and trends (literature review for 1955-1980)]. PMID- 7029128 TI - [Chlamydial disease of the eye: a report on 27 cases. Clinical picture, differential diagnosis, treatment (author's transl)]. AB - During the past five years a presumptive diagnosis of ocular chlamydial disease has been made in 90 patients consulting the outpatient department of Freiburg University Eye Clinic. The diagnosis was confirmed by different methods (giemsa stains, chlamydia cultures and serology, electron microscopy and histology) in 27 cases. The clinical spectrum included inclusion blennorrhea in newborns as well as inclusion conjunctivitis, TRIC keratoconjunctivitis and sporadic trachoma in adults. Presumably the incidence of the disease is much higher than indicated by our figures. We suspect a very high number of undiagnosed cases. These patients usually do not receive proper therapy (tetracyclin or erythromycin for at least three weeks) and their disease may run a protracted course with the risk of permanent eye damage. PMID- 7029130 TI - Method for direct induction of serotonin fluorescence in a carcinoid tumor after embedding in hydroxyethyl methacrylate. AB - Tissue slices from a carcinoid tumor were fixed in formalin and after dehydration embedded in hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Sections, 5 micrometers in thickness, were cut with a D-knife mounted on a serial microtome. Some sections were stained with either hematoxylin and eosin or by azo-coupling with fast garnet GBC, whereas others were reacted for catecholamines and indolamines either by exposing them to formaldehyde vapor for 1 hour at 80 degrees C. or by dipping them into a sucrose phosphate buffer-glyoxylic acid solution followed by heating at 80 degrees C. for 15 minutes. Fluorescence intensities and the spectra of the fluorophores were recorded on 5-micrometers thick formaldehyde-reacted sections by microspectrofluorometry. With both the formaldehyde vapor method and the glyoxylic acid solution method, an intense yellow fluorescence was obtained from the carcinoid tumor cells, as well as from normal enterochromaffin cells. The excitation and emission maxima obtained by microspectrofluorometry from these cells indicated the presence of a fluorophore originating from serotonin. PMID- 7029129 TI - Current concepts of the molecular structure and metabolism of human apolipoproteins and lipoproteins. AB - During the last few years major advances have occurred in our knowledge of the structure, function, and metabolism of the plasma lipoproteins. Twelve human apolipoproteins have been isolated and characterized. The primary structure of apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, C-I, C-II, and C-III have been elucidated. The primary structure of these apolipoproteins contain no unique sequences, however the primary structure of several of the apolipoproteins contain segments which can be modeled into amphipathic helices. The helical segments may be important in protein-protein as well as protein-lipid interactions. The molecular properties of the apolipoproteins have been investigated and shown to undergo self association with major increases in conformation. The molecular organization of the plasma lipoprotein particle has been studied, and an iceberg-sea model has been proposed. This model emphasizes the micellar organization of the phospholipids, and the possibility of secondary, tertiary as well as quaternary structure of the apolipoprotein associated with the lipoprotein particle. The metabolism of plasma lipoproteins has been extensively analyzed over the last several years. Two general types of apolipoprotein-lipoprotein particle interactions have been recognized. The first type involves a "quasi-irreversible" interaction between the apolipoprotein and lipoprotein particle, and is exemplified by apolipoprotein b. The second type of interaction is a "reversible" apolipoprotein-lipoprotein particle interaction. Apolipoproteins a-I, A-II, C-I, C-II, C-III, and E are examples of the reversible interaction. Within this framework two major apoB-lipoprotein particle cascades have been proposed. ApoB triglyceride rich lipoproteins including chylomicrons and hepatic VLDL undergo sequential triglyceride hydrolysis. Following triglyceride hydrolysis chylomicrons are converted to remnants with hydrated densities principally of VLDL and IDL. Liver apoB-VLDL is converted initially to IDL and finally to LDL. Apolipoproteins which undergo reversible interactions are present in virtually all density fractions and the distribution of these apolipoproteins is determined by the laws of mass action. With these concepts rapid progress has been made in our understanding of apolipoprotein-lipoprotein biochemistry, physiology, and clinical disorders of lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. The next several years will undoubtedly provide further insights into the structure, function, and metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. PMID- 7029131 TI - Ultrastructural studies of tubulointerstitial immune complex nephritis in rats immunized with Tamm-Horsfall protein. AB - Rats immunized with Tamm-Horsfall protein, a surface membrane glycoprotein of cells of the ascending thick limb of Henle's loop, develop autoantibodies to Tamm Horsfall protein and a tubulointerstitial nephritis selectively involving the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. The localization of the immune deposits formed in this model was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The frequency, size, and distribution of electron-dense deposits closely paralleled that of granular and nodular deposits of rat IgG, C3, and Tamm-Horsfall protein at the base of the cells of the ascending thick limb of Henle's loop. The earliest electron-dense deposits were present in the extracellular space between basal infoldings of cell membranes and the tubular basement membranes. In the more advanced lesions, the larger electron-dense deposits were also present within the tubular basement membranes and between tubular cell membranes displacing tubular structures. Selective mononuclear cell infiltration around these tubules with deposits in this model of tubulointerstitial nephritis suggests that antibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein cross tubular basement membranes and form immune complexes in situ by combining with the Tamm-Horsfall protein molecules of basal cell surface membranes. PMID- 7029132 TI - Immunohistochemical characterization of renin-containing cells in the human juxtaglomerular apparatus during embryonal and fetal development. AB - Thirty kidneys from nine embryos, 20 fetuses, and one full-term baby were examined for their renin content by immunofluorescence and the peroxidase antiperoxidase method, using an antihuman renin antiserum. Renin-containing cells were found in the early metanephros (5-week-old fetuses). Most of them were located in the wall of well-developed renal arteries in the vicinity of the prospective vascular pole of the glomeruli. In the poorly differentiated peripheral renal cortex, intracellular fluorescence was seen in nearby arterioles of pocket-like s-shaped tubules. Rarely, labeled cells were found in the wall of major branches of renal arteries. In all locations, the renin-containing cells appear to be clearly linked to the development of the renal vascular system. PMID- 7029133 TI - Vascular responses during acute neutrophilic inflammation. Their relationship to in vivo neutrophil emigration. AB - Hyperemia, an increase in vascular permeability, and the emigration of leukocytes are the basic manifestations of the acute inflammatory reaction. Many previous studies have employed phagocytosable material to induce inflammation and neutrophil infiltration. In this study, we induced neutrophil infiltration into rabbit skin by injecting the soluble chemotactic stimuli, zymosan-activated plasma, C5adesArg, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, and factors released by Escherichia coli. During the evolution of the response, 51Cr-labeled leukocytes were used to quantitate neutrophil influx, 125I-labeled albumin was used to quantitate permeability, and 86Rb was used to quantitate blood flow. Simultaneous measurements showed a close correlation in time between the degree and peak rate of neutrophil influx and the degree of hyperpermeability and hyperemia. Dose-response experiments performed with 2 to 90 per cent (v/v) zymosan-activated plasma showed a direct correlation between the rate of neutrophil influx and the degree of vascular permeability in blood flow. No vascular responses were induced after injection of these chemotactic stimuli with neutrophil infiltration were inhibited by indomethacin or aspirin. It is concluded that the vascular hyperpermeability and hypermia accompanying neutrophilic inflammatory reactions may be induced by neutrophils during their migration across the microvascular walls and that prostaglandins may in part mediate these responses. Furthermore, phagocytosis by the neutrophils is not required to induce these vascular changes. PMID- 7029134 TI - Characterization of Langerhans cells by the use of monoclonal antibodies. AB - Intraepidermal dendritic cells react with the monoclonal antibody, anti-T6, which also reacts with a majority of cortical thymocytes but not with mature T lymphocytes. Application of a four-step peroxidase antiperoxidase technique and immunoelectron microscopy to normal human epidermis demonstrates that T6 antigen is present on the cell surface of Langerhans cells but not on keratinocytes or melanocytes. These data suggest that T6 antigen is an important marker for Langerhans cells. PMID- 7029135 TI - Graham-Kellogg, early American contributors to health education. PMID- 7029136 TI - Analysis and remediation of aphasia in the U.S.S.R: the contribution of A. R. Luria. AB - This paper surveys the contribution of A. R. Luria to aphasiology, emphasising the unique extent to which he integrated theory and therapeutic practice. The influence exerted by two prominent Russian figures, Pavlov and Vygotskii, is discussed. Luria's view of the primary defects underlying the main forms of aphasia is summarised; this is followed by a brief account of his application of certain notions of structural linguistics, including Jakobson's interpretations of the breakdown of language following brain damage. Examples are given of the wide range of simple tests included in Luria's neuropsychological investigations. The factual part of the article culminates in some examples of his methods of restoring higher cortical functions, in particular, verbal skills. The summary criticises certain aspects of Luria's analysis as being too mechanistic and simplistic, and cites criticisms of details from other workers, but considers many of his insights and the total coherence of his view of cortical functioning and cortical disturbance to be still of the utmost importance for clinicians undertaking aphasia therapy. The need for therapists everywhere to develop language rehabilitation with as systematic a basis as Luria's is stressed. PMID- 7029137 TI - Perception of spoken communication by elderly chronically ill patients in an institutional setting. AB - The purpose of this research was to investigate the perception of elderly and chronically ill patients regarding the spoken communication that occurs in a long term care institution. Twenty-four patients were given a focused semi standardized interview to investigate their perception of how much they talked, their communication partners, where they talked, their topics, their desire and enjoyment in talking, factors affecting communication, and suggestions for improving the communication atmosphere in this setting. Results indicate that communication is limited in quantity and scope, though elderly patients desire communicative interaction. The results of the study are explained from two perspectives-how the patients themselves contribute to the limited communication and how institutional life restricts interaction. Implications for the speech pathologist are given. PMID- 7029138 TI - Detecting nasalization using a low-cost miniature accelerometer. AB - A low-cost miniature accelerometer attached externally on the nose is as effective in providing an indication of nasalization as a more expensive accelerometer used in previous research. The more limited bandwidth of this low cost accelerometer does not restrict its ability to monitor nasalization because the vibratory energy of interest is below 2,000 Hz. The optimal placement of the accelerometer on the nose is over the lateral nasal cartilage, a position along the upper side of the nose, just in front of the nasal bone. PMID- 7029139 TI - Analysis of postburn insulin unresponsiveness in skeletal muscle. PMID- 7029140 TI - A random controlled trial of two forms of compression bandaging in outpatient sclerotherapy of varicose veins. PMID- 7029141 TI - Measurement of ethynyloestradiol by radioimmunoassay and by isotope dilution-mass spectrometry. PMID- 7029142 TI - Elevated 'free' 18-hydroxy-corticosterone excretion as a possible indicator for early diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. PMID- 7029143 TI - George Henry Alexander Clowes, PhD, DSc, LLD (1877-1958): a man of science for all seasons. PMID- 7029144 TI - An application of the segregation model for septation of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7029145 TI - The number of repeats expected in random nucleic acid sequences and found in genes. PMID- 7029147 TI - Absinthium: a nineteenth-century drug of abuse. PMID- 7029146 TI - Arrow poisons in China. Part II. Aconitum--botany, chemistry, and pharmacology. AB - The botany of Chinese Aconitum species is briefly reviewed. Five species have been identified as sources of arrow poison: A. carmichaelii, A. nagarum, A. ouvrardianum, A. stylosum, and A. episcopale. The most important one, A. carmichaelii, has long served, together with A. kusnezoffii, as the main source of the Chinese medicinal aconite drugs--ts'ao wu (wu t'ou), the parent tuber, and fu tzu (ch 'uan wu), the daughter tuber. Two other aconite drugs have now been accepted into the Chinese materia medica: hsueh shang i chih hao, from A. brachypodum, A. pendulum, and A. nagarum, and kuan pai fu, from A. coreanum. The folk-medicinal use of Aconitum species throughout China is also discussed. The alkaloid content and composition of Aconitum species known to occur in China are surveyed; and the effects of "processing", practised in order to diminish the toxicity of aconite drugs, are noted. Also the pharmacology of the aconites and their alkaloids is examined, in order to determine to what extent there may be a basis for the numerous medicinal properties attributed to the plants. Current understanding of the effectiveness of the drugs is incomplete and further study is required. PMID- 7029148 TI - Irish Ethno-botany by Michael Moloney--an early contribution to the concept of ethnopharmacology. PMID- 7029149 TI - Surgical adjuvant intrapleural BCG treatment for stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Preliminary report of the National Cancer Institute Lung Cancer Study Group. AB - The Lung Cancer Study Group (LCSG) has tested the efficacy of intrapleural bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) as surgical adjuvant treatment in a double-blind, randomized comparison against intrapleural saline. This clinical trial included specific anatomic and pathological staging requirements and careful follow-up monitoring. At this time, with a median follow-up of 516 days in 216 treated and 209 control patients, no evidence has yet been found that postoperative instillation of intrapleural BCG improves survival or extends the disease-free interval in patients with completely resected Stage I squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, or large cell carcinoma of the lung. There have been 93 recurrences and 77 deaths, which are remarkably evenly distributed in both arms of the study. An unexpectedly superior survival rate for the Stage I group has been observed, and the prognostic importance of cell type, TN status, and elevations in initial white cell count and alkaline phosphatase measurement has been confirmed. PMID- 7029150 TI - The first American clinical trial of nifedipine in cardioplegia. A report of the first 12 month experience. PMID- 7029151 TI - Subclavian flap angioplasty. Experimental study in growing piglets. PMID- 7029152 TI - Surgical anatomy and pathology of the conduction tissues in atrioventricular defects. PMID- 7029154 TI - Comparative effect of epinephrine and aminophylline in the treatment of asthma. PMID- 7029155 TI - Peripheral arterial disease:anatomy. PMID- 7029156 TI - Basic techniques in arterial surgery. PMID- 7029153 TI - The biochemical properties of the pulmonary circulation. PMID- 7029157 TI - Arterial trauma. PMID- 7029158 TI - Arterial aneurysms. PMID- 7029159 TI - Alternate routes for bypass grafts. PMID- 7029160 TI - Cerebrovascular insufficiency. PMID- 7029161 TI - Peripheral arterial disease: physiology and pathogenesis. PMID- 7029162 TI - Renovascular hypertension. AB - If only 1 per cent of the 23 million hypertensive patients in the United States had renovascular hypertension, many patients would be denied the chance for cure. Strong clinical suspicion plus arteriography are the mainstays of diagnosis. Positive renal vein renin studies provide the best preoperative evidence for cure by operation, but many patients with negative studies benefit from operation. Surgeons have been ingenious in devising methods of renal revascularization. Those we prefer are listed in Table 12-6. In most cases it should be possible to revascularize the kidney successfully without resorting to nephrectomy. About nine out of ten patients should benefit from operation; of these, some should be cured and others improved even though antihypertensive medication might be required. PMID- 7029163 TI - Mesenteric arterial disease. PMID- 7029164 TI - Extrinsic arterial compression syndromes. PMID- 7029166 TI - [Study of cipropride in the treatment of digestive disorders induced by anticancer chemotherapy. Double-blind study using metoclopramide]. PMID- 7029165 TI - Loss of organized fibronectin matrix from the surface of aging diploid fibroblasts (IMR-90). AB - Indirect immunofluorescence was used to investigate the production of a fibrillar fibronectin matrix by human diploid fibroblasts (IMR-90) as cells progress through their in vitro lifespan. Early and mid-passage cultures displayed a prominent fibrillar reticulum over the cell layer which formed within 24 hours of seeding. Even sparsely seeded early-passage cells exhibited fibrils of fibronectin on external surfaces. In contrast, fibrillar fibronectin was reduced or absent on surfaces of late-passage cells. However, the larger, non proliferating, late-passage cells were producing fibronectin, 1h determined by radioimmunoassay of the medium. PMID- 7029167 TI - [The value of adding an antispasmodic musculotropic agent in the treatment of painful constipation in functional colopathies with bran. Double-blind study]. PMID- 7029168 TI - Sulphydryl groups and diseases. PMID- 7029169 TI - [Clinical study of a new medication in the treatment of functional colopathies]. PMID- 7029170 TI - [Use of the immunoenzymatic method for detection of Newcastle disease virus in cell culture]. PMID- 7029171 TI - [Treatment of the injured spleen (author's transl)]. AB - Secure hemostasis in the spleen can be achieved by infrared contact coagulation, a simple, cheap and reliable method. The need for technical splenectomy during abdominal operations can be reduced to one fifth, in blunt abdominal trauma a substantial number of spleens can be saved. PMID- 7029172 TI - [Progress in human pancreas transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - Between July 1980 and March 1981, 7 simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplants were performed in patients with juvenile diabetes and renal insufficiency. A duct occluded (Prolamine) segmental pancreas was placed into the peritoneal cavity with vascular anastomoses to the left iliac vessels. Three transplantations were unsuccessful because of a damaged transplant, and one was lost because of venous thrombosis. Three patients with a maximal follow-up of 9 1/2 months have normal blood sugar despite lack of exogenous insulin and despite prednisone intake. PMID- 7029173 TI - Suturing techniques in endolaryngeal surgery. AB - In the past 15 years surgery of the endolarynx has been greatly expanded. This development has been the product of three main factors: technological advancements such as the microcautery, improved knowledge about the healing properties of the endolarynx, and new surgical techniques. These types of approaches are being increasingly used in the treatment of complex reconstructive procedures of the larynx. An integral part of these new procedures are special suturing techniques. At present suturing techniques are being used to fulfill a number of requirements, including approximation and lateralization of anatomical structures for operative or exposure purposes, intraoperative retraction of endotracheal tubes, closure of wounds and securement and fixation of skin grafts, intralaryngeal molds, and interfacing Silastic sheeting materials. With amazing simplicity the above requirements can be met if a few basic steps are comprehended and followed. PMID- 7029174 TI - Immunologic mechanisms in the production of food sensitivities. AB - Fifty-five test patients and ten control patients were selected for provocation of symptoms using the oral challenge test. The provoking food was selected with the use of the leukocyte cytotoxic test. The test patients developed adverse symptomatology clinically while the control patients did not. During the phase of symptomatology it was shown that IgE did not change in the blood and, therefore, the Type I, anaphylactic type of reaction, which is IgE dependent, did not participate in symptom production. It was shown that 2 components of the classical pathway of complement C3 and C4 were utilized in the test group and not in the control group. Complement is 1 of the 2 components of the humoral system of the human immune system. C4 is one of the components that is triggered by the classic complement pathway, whose stimulus is IgG and IgM, and not by the other complement pathways. It can therefore be hypothesized that all the components of the circulatory humoral system are participating in this reaction and that Type II, the cytotoxic, and Type III, th immune-complex type of immunologic reaction, are the major contributors in the production of symptoms. PMID- 7029175 TI - Surgical rehabilitation following anterior resection for oral cavity carcinoma. AB - Resection of large tumors located in the anterior aspect of the oral cavity is commonly complicated by problems of functional disturbance and esthetic aberration. Oral incompetence with defects in swallowing and inadvertent drooling are often major hurdles to overcome. The cosmetic deformity produced by the loss of support of the anterior floor of mouth and tongue due to the resected mandibular arch provides one of the most challenging reconstructive exercises facing the head and neck surgeon. Surgical rehabilitation is most adequately achieved by a consideration of each physiological defect produced by the surgical alteration of each anatomical entity in the lower third of the face. Reestablishment of mandibular arch continuity is the keystone of the reconstructive effort; however, procedures that improve lip support, lingual mobility, and alveolar ridge enhancement are vital features in the rehabilitation of a functioning esthetically acceptable oral and perioral region. PMID- 7029176 TI - [Pathogenesis of colon diverticular disease (author's transl)]. AB - The longitudinal musculature of the taenia of the colon does play an important role in diverticular disease (DD), as can be found by comparing light and electron microscopic pictures of the colon from healthy persons and patients with diverticulitis and ulcerative colitis. Already in the early stages histological changes can be found, which have to be interpreted as being due to maximal contraction of the longitudinal musculature and to increased metabolism. These morphological changes are accompanied by increased electrical and mechanical activity. Disturbed function seems to be myogenic, as could be shown by studies with different drugs. These results seem to indicate that it might be preferable to incise the longitudinal musculature of the colon transversally during surgery because of diverticulosis. PMID- 7029177 TI - [Isolated tumor of the rectum as primary manifestation of Burkitt lymphoma (author's transl)]. AB - Burkitt tumors are malignant lymphoblastic lymphomas occurring predominantly in Africa in children and young adults and involving in many cases the intestinal tract; these tumors occur rather seldom outside Africa. A case report is given of a white 21 old female suffering from this disease; that first manifestation was an isolated ulcerating tumor of the rectum without involvement of other organs of lymph nodes. Diagnosis was confirmed by rectum biopsy. X-ray therapy, cytostatic therapy and amputation of the rectum did not prevent a fast progression of the disease and final death, which is the usual course of the disease when it occurs outside Africa. PMID- 7029178 TI - [Postmortem findings in peritonitis (author's transl)]. AB - About 11 000 autopsies were done in Darmstadt from 1955 to 1977; 879 (8%) of the cases had had peritonitis. The incidence of acute peritonitis was highest (56,8%), followed by acute local peritonitis (26,6%), peritoneal abscess and covered perforation (11,4%) and strangulation ileus (3,8%). Peritonitis had been the cause of death in 56%; in 37% of the cases peritonitis was an essential finding, in 6,3% a minor finding. A comparison was made with statistics of peritonitis at postmortem in Berlin in 1908; total incidence of peritonitis was about the same, however peritonitis originating from appendicitis or female genital tract infection is much rarer - peritonitis originating from the biliary tract or from the intestinal tract is much more common nowadays. Morphological changes occurring during septic shock are described as well as the chronic sequels of peritonitis. Finally some special forms of peritonitis are discussed: Foreign body peritonitis, tuberculous peritonitis, peritoneal metastases, retroperitoneal fibrosis and peritonitis of the newborn. PMID- 7029179 TI - [Prognosis of patients with acute pancreatitis as predicted by clinical, laboratory and CT diagnostic data (author's transl)]. AB - A prospective study was performed in 59 patients with acute pancreatitis evaluating the following 11 diagnostic parameters in regard to prognosis quo ad vitam: clinical (ileus, age), laboratory tests (LDH, blood glucose, urea, creatinine, calcium), CT-scan (fluid in the retroperitoneal space, enlargement of the retroperitoneal space, air-fluid levels, ascites). These data were collected during the first 24-48 hours after hospitalisation of the patients and turned out to be of considerable prognostic value. 70-80% of the patients from groups in which 5 or more of these parameters were pathological died. 90% of all patients who died belonged to the aforementioned groups. PMID- 7029180 TI - [Physiopathology and clinical manifestation of cholestasis (author's transl)]. AB - Cholestasis means an alteration of bile secretion or transport on the way from the hepatocyte to the duodenum. A great spectrum of disturbances is seen in the various diseases producing cholestasis; the site of alteration may be (1) the hepatic organelles (2) the secretory bile apparatus (3) the bile ducts. The first part of this review will be concerned with the current concepts of mechanism and physiopathology of cholestasis. The second part deals with the clinical features of the various diseases and discusses new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. PMID- 7029181 TI - Recent hypotheses regarding the phosphatidylinositol effect. PMID- 7029182 TI - Mechanism of adriamycin cardiotoxicity: evidence for oxidative stress. PMID- 7029183 TI - Prostaglandins show marked differences when tested against early ischemic dysrhythmias in rat. PMID- 7029184 TI - Presence of alpha-neo-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. PMID- 7029185 TI - Cardiac lymph: monitor of myocardial membrane and vascular alterations. PMID- 7029186 TI - Turnover of protein in the nervous system. PMID- 7029187 TI - Calcium activated proteolysis of fibrous proteins in central nervous system. PMID- 7029188 TI - Bile salts promote the absorption of insulin from the rat colon. PMID- 7029189 TI - Dopamine-mimetic and antagonist drugs: diagnostic and therapeutic applications in endocrine disorders. PMID- 7029190 TI - [Radiation load in the use of radiopharmaceutical preparations]. PMID- 7029191 TI - [Clinical and pathogenetic problems of acute lesions by nuclear fission products]. PMID- 7029192 TI - [Always alongside the soldier]. PMID- 7029193 TI - [L. Kh. Popov, organizer of the Soviet Red Cross (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 7029194 TI - [New generation of suturing apparatus]. AB - For the last 20 years many varieties of suturing instruments for different branches of surgery have been designed. The main trend in the design of suturing instruments is the use of plate matrices, when the tissue to be sutured is placed between the matrix and the stapling part, as well as the use of needle-shaped matrices, when the tissue to be sutured is pierced with a curved needle having a groove on its inner surface for directing and bending staple ends. PMID- 7029195 TI - [Suturing apparatus for applying anastomoses in gastrointestinal surgery]. AB - The functional peculiarities of a model CK-60 instrument for suturing the large and small intestines end-to-end, end-to-side, side-to-side and a model CK-60 instrument for the application of gastrointestinal anastomoses are discussed. In contrast to the known suturing instruments, they allow application of anastomoses with a semiperimeter of any size (up to 60 mm). In case of end-to-end suturing organs with different diameters can be joined. The use of the model CK-60 and model CK-60 suturing instruments does not require the introduction of the working part into the cavity of the sutured organs. PMID- 7029196 TI - [Evaluation of a drug combination for antihypertensive therapy in general practice]. PMID- 7029198 TI - [Too much success for Avicenna?]. PMID- 7029197 TI - [Long term study (1 year) with a beta receptor blocker-diuretic combination in hypertension treatment]. PMID- 7029199 TI - [Advanced non-Hodgkin lymphomas in adults. Cytostatic chemotherapy]. PMID- 7029200 TI - [Improvement of venous insufficiency with oral dehydroergotamine]. PMID- 7029201 TI - Immunochemical techniques. Part B. PMID- 7029202 TI - Purification of peroxidase-conjugated antibody for enzyme immunoassay by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A. PMID- 7029203 TI - Antigen quantitation by a reverse hemolytic assay. PMID- 7029204 TI - Immunoassay methods for the detection of antigens and antibodies: the reverse plaque-forming cell assay. PMID- 7029205 TI - Use of protein A-bearing staphylococci for the immunoprecipitation and isolation of antigens from cells. PMID- 7029206 TI - Recovery of antigen from staphylococcal protein A--antibody adsorbents. PMID- 7029207 TI - Magnetic solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the quantitation of antigens and antibodies: application to human immunoglobulin E. PMID- 7029208 TI - The amplified ELISA: principles of and applications for the comparative quantitation of class and subclass antibodies and the distribution of antibodies and antigens in biochemical separates. PMID- 7029209 TI - Antibody quantitation using the unlabeled antibody enzyme immunoassay (UNLIM) method. PMID- 7029210 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for immunoglobulin E and blocking antibodies. PMID- 7029211 TI - Localization of the 3' end of 16S rRNA in Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunits by immuno electron microscopy. AB - The location of the 3' end of 16S rRNA in E. coli 30S ribosomal subunits has been determined by immuno electron microscopy. The 3' terminal adenosine of isolated 16S rRNA was oxidized with sodium periodate and reacted with N-gamma-(2,4 dinitrophenyl) aminobutyric acid hydrazide. Functionally active 30S subunits were reconstituted from DNP-16S rRNA and total 30S ribosomal proteins. DNP-30S subunits were complexed with DNP-specific IgG-antibody and examined in the electron microscope. The 3' end of the 16S rRNA was mapped at a single region located at the inner side of the large lobe of the 30S subunit. The location of the 3' end also provides information as to the topography of the binding domain of natural mRNA on 30S subunits, since a pyrimidine-rich sequence at the 3' terminal region of 16S rRNA participates in the correct alignment of natural mRNAs during initiation complex formation. PMID- 7029212 TI - The muc+ gene of plasmid pKM101 prevents respiration shutoff in far ultraviolet irradiated Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The plasmid PKM101 is known to protect Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium against killing by far UV irradiation and to enhance UV-induced mutagenesis. The muc+ gene of the plasmid is responsible for both of these effects. This paper shows that respiration of S. typhimurium shuts off about an hour after UV irradiation and that pKM101 prevents the shutoff. Plasmids which contained Tn5 translocatable elements, either in (and having produced a muc mutation) or flanking the muc+ gene, have been introduced into S. typhimurium. The muc mutant plasmid, which does not protect its host against UV killing and does not enhance UV induced mutagenesis, also does not protect against UV induced respiration shutoff. Likewise, plasmids in which the Tn5 translocatable elements flank the muc+ gene protect against shutoff of respiration. Thus the muc+ gene of pKM101 is responsible for protection against UV induced shutoff of respiration in S. typhimurium. PMID- 7029213 TI - Colicin Ib does not cause plasmid-promoted abortive phage infection of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - A 2.2 kilobase (kb) fragment of ColIdrd-1 cloned in pBR325 causes phage T5 and BF23 infections of Escherichia coli K-12 to abort. This abortive infection is associated with leakage of beta-galactosidase from the cell. A recombinant plasmid containing a 2.8 kb fragment of ColIdrd-1 encodes colicin Ib but fails to cause abortive infection. Tn5 and Tn10 insertions into ColIdrd-1 that abolish colicin Ib production have no effect on the abortive infection phenotype. These findings are inconsistent with a previously proposed role for colicin Ib in causing phage infections to abort. PMID- 7029215 TI - Studies on the antibacterial activity of phanquone: effect on metabolic activities of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Phanquone partically inhibited oxygen consumption by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus; its effect was more pronounced when succinate, rather than glucose, was used as an energy source. It also inhibited dehydrogenase activities when estimated by the TTC method with succinate, lactate or malate as substrate, but not with glucose or pyruvate. The uptake of 32 P-phosphate, 14C-glutamate and, to a lesser extent, 14C-proline was retarded in its presence. Both E. coli and S. aureus took up Phanquone in a Langmuirian fashion. Leakage of intracellular 32P-containing compounds was not observed even when high concentrations of Phanquone were used. PMID- 7029214 TI - Are pyrimidine dimers non-instructive lesions? AB - Published data from yeast and E. coli show that base substitution induced by UV in pyrimidine-pyrimidine sequences is not random, and suggest that fidelity of DNA replication is not entirely lost during transdimer synthesis. These observations question whether cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers are truly non instructive lesions. PMID- 7029216 TI - Plasmid-determined resistance to tetracycline. AB - A general concept is proposed to explain the mechanism of bacterial resistance to tetracycline, and is essentially based on experimental date and a review of recently of recently published studies. It is assumed that tetracyclines are accumulated in the bacterial cell by an energy-demanding, carrier-mediated influx mechanism, at a rate depending on the concentration of the antibiotic in the medium. Tetracyclines seep out of the cell by facilitated diffusion at a rate depending on the concentration inside the cell. At steady state, when no net alteration of the intracellular concentration is evident, the molecules of the antibiotic, inside and outside the cell, are exchanged by influx and efflux. In the resistant organism, an additional energy-demanding and carrier-mediated efflux-mechanism is assumed. The total efflux rate is therefore increased, and the steady state is obtained at a lower intracellular level of tetracyclines. It is possible that, in addition, the influx is decreased in the resistant organism. PMID- 7029217 TI - The surface properties of cells of Mycobacterium BCG. AB - The surface properties of cells of Mycobacterium BCG, M. phlei, M. Smegmatis and M. microti are identical, irrespective of the growth medium, the age of the cells, and the colonial morphology, and after various vigorous chemical treatments. The negative surface charge for cells of all these species arises from the phosphate groups of phosphodiester linkages between the peptidoglycan and the arabinogalactan of the basic cell wall structure which is common to all species of Mycobacteria. PMID- 7029218 TI - [Investigations on the conditions of scanning on cell images by means of a microscope-TV-system (author's transl)]. AB - One common method for determining the spatial resolution of a TV-microscope scanning system is to measure a sharp edge, differentiate the digitized response and calculate the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) using the Fourier transformation. The MTF provides a measure of the information content of a digitized picture as well as the resolving power of the whole system. Knowledge of this measure is prerequisite for understanding the capabilities and limitations of computer aided techniques for analyzing cellular structures as observed in the light microscope. The information content of a digitized image depends on the MTF of the whole measurement system. Results from this study show that the information content increases almost linearly up to a sampling rate of approximately 20 pixel/micrometer and saturates at 30--35 pixel/micrometer. The MTF and the signal/noise ratio is effected by averaged multiscans. The aliasing error is presented as a function of the sampling rate for the described system. The need for this resolving power of the cell image analysis system is demonstrated by an example in the haematology. Small granules with a diameter of 0.2 to 1.0 micrometer must be registered with a high sampling rate up to 30 pixel/micrometer. The analysis of the small granules is basic for automated detection and differentiation of many leukemic conditions. PMID- 7029219 TI - [Influence of embedding media on the fading of FITC-labelled coverslip cultures [author's transl)]. AB - The influence of embedding media on the fading of FITC-labelled coverslip cultures was tested. It was found, that the value of the fading depend on the pH value of the embedding media. In glycerin-PBS pH 8.5 as embedding media and immediate measuring the fluorescence intensity, the decrease of the fluorescence intensity after 300 seconds blue light excitation was 5%. PMID- 7029220 TI - The RCM--the first 100 years: some thing never change. PMID- 7029221 TI - Infection and the high-frequency fever. PMID- 7029222 TI - Investigation of the elderly patient. PMID- 7029223 TI - Multicentre evaluation of mianserin in depressive illness. AB - A multicentre evaluation of the effectivensss of mianserin in depressive illness was carried out. A total of 130 patients were treated with the drug, but useful data were collected on 55 patients; of these 36 responded to mianserin. A number of unwanted side effects were recorded. They were generally of mild to moderate severity, but occasionally were severe enough to warrant withdrawal of mianserin therapy. Mianserin was considered to be an effective antidepressant. PMID- 7029224 TI - Impact of immunization on disease patterns in Australia. PMID- 7029225 TI - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. AB - Twenty-eight (53%) of 53 hospital-acquired staphylococcal bacteraemias which occurred at The Royal Melbourne Hospital over a two-year period were due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Every patient with MRSA bacteraemia had a significant underlying condition predisposing to nosocomial sepsis, and each had an intravascular foreign body in situ at the time. Most were being nursed in special care areas of the hospital and had been exposed to multiple or broad-spectrum antibiotics during the month before development of bacteraemia. Patients acquiring MRSA infection should be isolated and, when the diagnosis of bacteraemia is considered, any potential primary focus should be removed. Vancomycin is the drug of choice in life-threatening MRSA infections. PMID- 7029226 TI - Malaria prophylaxis. PMID- 7029227 TI - Disposable insulin syringes. PMID- 7029228 TI - Vaginitis associated with vaginal malodour. AB - In two general practices in Perth, Western Australia, the most common microbiological causes of vaginal discomfort in 368 patients were Candida albicans. Gardnerella (Haemophilus) vaginalis, Trichomonas vaginalis and bacteroides fragilis. Amongst patients with abnormal vaginal odour, with or without vaginitis, the most common cause of odour was G. vaginalis. The writers advocate that heavy growths of group B streptococci, Escherichia coli, and enterococci should be considered to be the possible cause of vaginal discomfort. This reinforces the need for care in collection, transportation, and microbiological examination of swabs of the female genital tract. as well as in the clinical interpretation of these reports. PMID- 7029230 TI - Malaria in refugees from Indo-China as seen Australia in 1980. PMID- 7029229 TI - Nifedipine in medically refractory angina pectoris. AB - Nifedipine was administered to 21 patients with angina pectoris which was refractory to conventional medication. In no case had coronary artery spasm been demonstrated. The condition of 13 patients (62%) improved with nifedipine, and eight patients (38%) had a long-term response. Nitrate-type side effects were reported by seven patients (33%), all of whom were being treated concurrently with isosorbide dinitrate. We conclude that nifedipine is a promising drug in the management of angina pectoris, even in the absence of documented coronary spasm. PMID- 7029231 TI - Isolation of Campylobacter fetus from blood cultures. AB - Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus, previously known as Campylobacter fetus subsp. intestinalis, was isolated from two blood cultures taken from a 45-year-old man admitted with gastrointestinal symptoms and a history of lymphocytic lymphoma. Campylobacters are not common blood culture isolated but can be a cause of bacteraemia and septicaemia especially in the compromised host. The isolation and identification of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus by standard blood culture techniques is described and a literature review of 112 cases of campylobacter bacteraemia is presented. PMID- 7029232 TI - Conjugated equine oestrogen versus placebo in the management of menopausal symptoms. AB - One hundred women underwent a 10-week sequential double-blind/crossover to compare conjugated equine oestrogen (Premarin, 0.625 mg and 1.25 mg) with one and two placebo tablets in the management of menopausal symptoms. Sixty-one subjects completed each of in the four regimens. Thirty-one of these continued with their own choice of regimen for a further nine months. Premarin 1.25 mg proved to be significantly more effective (P less than 0.01) in ameliorating menopausal symptoms than Premarin 0.625 mg and both levels of placebo. Premarin 1.25 mg was also preferred as the treatment of choice by the 31 women (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7029233 TI - [Monitoring of subjects to noise risk. Proposed methods of audiometric classification]. PMID- 7029234 TI - Intranasal corticosteroid aerosols for noninfectious rhinitis. PMID- 7029235 TI - Amniotic fluid activity against Bacteroides fragilis and group B streptococci. AB - The antimicrobial capacity of amniotic fluid (AF) against B. fragilis, group B streptococci and Escherichia coli, the latter as a reference indicator, was investigated in samples from 30 patients. In order to study trimester as well as individual variations in the antibacterial activity, 10 individual samples from each trimester of pregnancy (AF1, AF2, AF3), were separately tested. With B. fragilis all trimester samples showed initial inhibition lasting for 8 h, the bacteria then regaining growth capacity in all AF1, and the majority of AF2 and AF3 specimens. However, 4 AF2 and 3 AF3 samples showed continued bacteriostatic activity for up to 24 h. Group B streptococci exhibited uninhibited growth in all trimester samples. The growth of E. coli in AF1 and AF2 was not inhibited, whereas in AF3 a temporary arrest was observed at 8 h, this being followed by growth to control levels at 24 h. The findings may explain the frequent isolation of B. fragilis from cases of septic abortions during the first trimester. Individual variation in the effectiveness of the antibacterial activity against B. fragilis in AF2 and AF3 may explain why this microorganism, which is often implicated in severe maternal and neonatal infections, is occasionally recovered from the mother's endocervix without signs of disease. The inefficacy of AF in defence against group B streptococci correlates well with the frequent isolation of these bacteria from cases of severe congenital infections associated with premature delivery. PMID- 7029237 TI - Marrow transplantation for children with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in first remission. AB - Thirteen children between the ages of two and 17 years with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in first remission were transplanted from HLA matched sibling donors. They were transplanted at a median of four months [2-8] following diagnosis. The preparative regimen of cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation was well tolerated. Two patients died of pneumonia 66 and 94 days following transplant. One patient relapsed at 431 days, and died of leukemia at 490 days. Ten are living in remission 20-53 months following transplantation. None are on maintenance chemotherapy, and all lead normal lives. As yet, growth is not impaired. PMID- 7029236 TI - The antigenicity of whole virus versus subunit trivalent influenza vaccines -- a field trial in the Israel Defence Forces, 1978. AB - A single dose of a commercial trivalent influenza subunit vaccine (SV) and two whole virus vaccines (WVV) were compared in a randomized, placebo-controlled field trial of subjects under 23 years of age in the Israel Defence Forces. Sixty percent of SV recipients and 29% and 37% of WVV recipients showed no measurable response to the H1N1 subtype (A/USSR). When the prevaccination titer to H1N1 was less than 10, SV did not differ significantly from the placebo, and when greater than or equal to 10, the SV was poorer than the WVV. Response to the H3N2 (A/Texas) component was excellent, but when the prevaccination titer was less than 10, SV appeared less immunogenic than WVV. All three vaccines performed equally against the B/Hong Kong strain. PMID- 7029238 TI - The abscopal effect: demonstration in lymphomatous involvement of kidneys. AB - A patient with bilateral involvement of the kidneys with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma associated with renal failure is presented. This case report provides an example of the abscopal effect. Although only one kidney received radiation therapy, both kidneys were shown to respond to this treatment. PMID- 7029239 TI - Low-dose adriamycin remission maintenance for advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Southwest Oncology, Group study. AB - A low-dose maintenance schedule of adriamycin was evaluated in children with advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Thirty-six evaluable patients who achieved two or more remissions were given adriamycin, 10 mg/m2/week, as a single maintenance agent. The median duration of second remission was 17 weeks, but only 5 weeks for third and fourth remission. Although the therapy was not found effective in more advanced disease, the median duration of second remission approached that obtained from various multi-agent treatment schedules. We conclude that the therapeutic efficacy of this treatment schedule makes it appealing for incorporation into multi-drug combination regimens. PMID- 7029240 TI - [Changes in the activity of blood and urine enzymes in cotton rats experimentally infected with larval alveococci]. PMID- 7029241 TI - [Praziquantel, a new broad-spectrum anthelmintic (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7029242 TI - [Immunochemical isolation and characteristics of polyribosomes synthesizing rat serum albumin]. AB - A novel one-step procedure is described for purification of a specific class of polysomes. The analysis of optimal conditions for immunoadsorption of albumin synthesizing polysomes was carried out. The native albumin-synthesizing polysomes were isolated. This preparation has the sedimentation coefficient similar to that of the class revealed amongst polysomes from rat liver with 125I- and peroxidase labeled antibodies. We translated albumin-synthesizing polysomes in oocytes. The analysis of the product of translation of the preparation of albumin-synthesizing polysomes shows that the albumin makes up 90% of the exogenous synthesis. PMID- 7029243 TI - [Study of affinity modification kinetics as an approach to demonstrating cooperativity between substrate-recognition centers of bicentric enzymes]. AB - The dependence of the initial rate of the affinity labelling of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from E. coli MRE-600 by an phenylalanyl-tRNA analog--N-Br-Ac-[14C]Phe tRNAPhe against reagent concentration was obtained. The curve runs through maximum therefore it is impossible to describe it by the traditional Kitz and Wilson scheme. The experimental results were treated in assumption of dimeric enzyme, cooperativity in the substrate analog binding and its conversion being taken into account. It was shown that such a treatment of kinetic data of the affinity labelling allows to estimate quantitatively the cooperativity arisen between substrate analog centers of the binding and conversion. The data obtained allow to assume that in the case of phenylalanyl-tRNA analog there is a slight negative cooperativity in the reagent binding (thermodynamic cooperativity) but strong negative cooperativity in reagent conversion (kinetic cooperativity). The results obtained testify the high sensitivity of the kinetic approach for elucidation of centers cooperativity. PMID- 7029244 TI - [Subjection of tetracycline resistance genes to cat promotor gene in plasmid pBR325]. AB - A series of plasmids with tetracycline resistance genes (Tcr-operon) subjected to transcription from chloramphenicol acetyl transferase promoter (Cmr-promoter) have been constructed on the basis of plasmid pBR325, AprCmrTcr. For this purpose, a 0.8 Md fragment in pBR325 DNA bordered by unique EcoRI and HindIII restriction sites was cut out and structural genes of Tcr-operon were fused to the cat gene nucleotides corresponding to Cmr-promoter and first 72 amino acids of cat (alton, Vapnek, 1979; Marcoli et al., 1980). These plasmids with molecular weight amounting to 3 Md confer AprTcr phenotype to host cells. Tetracycline resistance can be eliminated completely by the deletion of a) Cmr-promoter; b) part of the first Tcr-operon gene. PMID- 7029245 TI - [Nikolai Vladimirovich Timofeev-Resovskii (1900-1981)]. PMID- 7029246 TI - Immunochemical aspects of Fc-medicated binding of human IgG subclasses to group A, C and G streptococci. PMID- 7029247 TI - Differential susceptibility of human and guinea pig lymphokines to reduction and alkylation. PMID- 7029248 TI - Suppression of the in vitro immune response by isolated mouse IgG subclasses. PMID- 7029249 TI - Receptor-mediated endocytosis: review and overview. PMID- 7029251 TI - Surgical therapeutic approach to the management of full thickness burns. PMID- 7029250 TI - Ultrasonography of splenic infarct. PMID- 7029252 TI - Heterotopic heart transplantation in the rat. PMID- 7029253 TI - Anterior versus abdominoperineal resection for carcinoma of the rectum: a literature review. PMID- 7029254 TI - Plasmid pKM101-dependent repair and mutagenesis in Escherichia coli cells with mutations lexB30 tif and zab-53 in the recA gene. AB - Bacterial survival after UV irradiation was increased in E. coli K12 lexB30 and tif zab-53 mutants harboring plasmid pKM101. Mutagenesis in response to UV was observed in these bacteria which, in absence of pKM101, are not UV-mutable. The mutator effect observed in unirradiated wild-type cells containing pKM101 was higher than incubation at 30 degrees C with adenine than at 37 degrees C. This effect was still enhanced by tif mutation, even in the tif zab-53 strain, but it was abolished by lexB30 mutation. In the tif zab-53 (pKM101) strain, repair and mutagenesis of UV-irradiated phage lambda was observed, but not in the lexB30 mutant carrying pKM101. The pKM101 mutant, pGW1, was unable to protect tif zab-53 bacteria against killing by UV, whereas the protection of lexB30 was intermediate; moreover, it did not promote the mutator effect at 30 degrees C or enhance phage repair and mutagenesis in tif zab-53 cells. All UV-induced bacterial mutations in lexB30 (pKM101) strain were suppressors; in contrast, true revertants were found after UV irradiation of the tif zab-53 (pKM101) cells. We suggest that the constitutive activity of RecA protein is enough for the production of UV-promoted suppressor mutations, whereas true reversions require a more active form of this protein which could exert its effects directly or by acting at a regulatory level on other cellular functions. PMID- 7029255 TI - Photodynamic effects of dyes on bacteria. IV. Lethal effects of acridine orange and 460- or 500-nm monochromatic light in strains of Escherichia coli that differ in repair capability. PMID- 7029257 TI - Azido analogs of acridine: photoaffinity probes for frameshift mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - In order to identify a photoaffinity probe for 9-aminoacridine frameshift mutagenesis, 20 azido analogs of acridine were synthesized and tested in Ames' Salmonella tester strains, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538 and their corresponding excision-repair-coefficient strains TA1975, TA1977 and TA1978, to determine their mutagenicity and toxicity relative to 9-aminoacridine. The substituent mutagenicity patterns observed for these compounds agree very well with those obtained previously for non-azidoacridines. The results presented here show that the 2-azido-analog of 9-aminoacridine demonstrates biological activity similar to 9-aminoacridine prior to photolytic activation. With light activation, however, the 9-amino-2-azido derivative becomes more effective at producing frameshift mutations characteristic of 9-aminoacridine. Furthermore, this photolytic enhancement of mutagenesis appears to be due to the repairable lesion suggesting that covalent attachment of the drug occurs. PMID- 7029256 TI - Inhibitory effect of the ether extract of human feces on activities of mutagens: inhibition by oleic and linoleic acids. AB - An ether extract of normal human feces showed inhibitory effects on the activities of several mutagens in the Ames tests. By addition of the ether extract at an amount equivalent to 0.5 g of a sample of feces, the mutagenicity of 1.5 nmole of 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 was completely inhibited. No killing of the bacteria was detected during this treatment. Other mutagens also subject to the inhibition were 2-amino-6-methyl-dipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1), 2-amino-9H pyrido[2,3-b]indole (Glob-P-2), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-d]quinoline (IQ), benzo[a]pyrene and aflatoxin B1. Apart from these mutagens, which require S9 for their activation, the direct mutagen prepared from Trp-P-1 by treatment with S9 was also inhibited by the fecal extract. The inhibitory principles in the fecal extract were fractionated by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel and were identified as oleic and linoleic acids. Whereas these unsaturated fatty acids showed strong inhibitory activities, saturated fatty acids, i.e, stearic and palmitic acids, did not exhibit any inhibition. Although the physiological significance of these effects of oleate and linoleate is yet to be elucidated, this finding has indicated that care must be taken in screening mutagens by the Ames tests to avoid false negatives resulting from the presence of unsaturated fatty acids in the system. PMID- 7029258 TI - Induction of 6-thioguanine resistance in synchronized human fibroblast cells treated with methyl methanesulfonate, N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene and N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. AB - Chemical induction of 6-thioguanine resistance was studied in synchronized human fibroblast cells. Cells initially grown in a medium lacking arginine and glutamine for 24 h ceased DNA synthesis and failed to enter the S phase. After introduction of complete medium, the cells progressed to the S phase after 16h. DNA synthesis peaked 20 h after removal of nutrient stress and declined. Mutations were induced in S-phase cells by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), N acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NA-AAF) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG). Chemical treatments resulted in an increase in the absolute number of mutant colonies and in a dose-dependent mutation frequency. In this report, we show that NA-AAF evokes a temporal pattern of mutation in synchronized cells, with such mutations being induced only during the S phase. Evidence indicates that presence of S-phase cells in the treated cultures is a prerequisite for the induction of mutations. PMID- 7029259 TI - Modified fluctuation test for the direct detection of mutagens in foods with Salmonella typhimurium TA98. AB - A modified fluctuation test (Green) with the Ames' tester strain Salmonella typhimurium TA98 has been examined for sensitivity to histidine feeding and for detection of minimal concentrations of daunomycin and S9 activated benzo[a]pyrene. The fluctuation test was found operable over a range of histidine concentrations between 0.25 and 1.25 microgram/ml using 48 tube assays and microtitre plates with 120 wells. The agar plate method yielded a comparable operational range for histidine concentration. With daunomycin, the microtiter fluctuation test was 48-fold greater in sensitivity than the macroscale fluctuation test. With benzo [a] pyrene, the microtiter fluctuation test was 4.8 fold greater in sensitivity than the macroscale test. The microtiter assay was 2.4 and 2.5-fold more sensitive than the plate and treat method with daunomycin and benzo [a] pyrene respectively. PMID- 7029260 TI - Human saliva inactivates mutagenicity of carcinogens. AB - Mutagenicities of AF-2, MNNG, 4NQO, aflatoxin B1, benzo [a] pyrene and Trp-P-1, with or without metabolic activation, were inactivated by treatment with human saliva to a great extent in the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium test strains TA98 and TA100. Mutagenic activities of quercetin, pyrolysates of beef, salmon and sodium glutamate, and condensate of cigarette smoke were also decreased to some extent by saliva treatment, but no significant effect was found on the activity of MMS and pyrolysate of polypeptone. These effects showed individual variations. The inhibition of AF-2 mutagenicity by saliva varied with temperature in TA100 but not in TA98 cultures. Boiled saliva inactivated AF-2 mutagenicity in TA98 to some extent but not in TA100 cultures. Inactivation of AF 2 mutagenicity by saliva treatment was completed within 30 sec. Complex mechanisms may be involved in the inactivation of mutagenicity of carcinogens by saliva, including biochemical reactions with enzymes, vitamins, etc. and/or adsorption with high molecular weight substances in saliva such as proteins, bacterial cells, mucous materials, etc. PMID- 7029261 TI - Analytical and biological analysis of test materials from the synthetic fuel technologies. AB - Nitrogen-containing organic compounds from environmental sources are receiving increasing attention because of uniquely active mutagens which have been found in this class (Chrisp et al., 1978; Nagao and Sugimura, 1978: Guerin et al., 1980) Differences in mutagenic activities among the various organo-nitrogen compounds, i.e., pyrrole types, pyridine types and aniline types, have been noted consistently. Furthermore, differences among homologs of a particular compound type are often striking. Information in this paper engages the question of chemical structure/biological activity relationships. Activity data for several N heterocyclic, nitro-, amino- (primary, secondary and tertiary), and amino-N heterocyclic aromatic compounds are presented. The number of fused rings and the substituent type affect the mutagenic activities greatly. The trends observed are discussed generally with reference to molecular structural features. PMID- 7029262 TI - International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC publication no. 6: do treatments available for psoriasis patients carry a genetic or carcinogenic risk? PMID- 7029263 TI - International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC working paper 2/5: mutagenesis in mammalian cells. AB - Chemical mutagenesis in animal cells is a complex process. Whereas some chemicals are mutagenic in their original form, others such as the nitrosamines and polycyclic hydrocarbon carcinogens are mutagenic only when enzymatically activated. The active form, or ultimate carcinogen, can interact with proteins and nucleic acids, altering amino acids and producing modified bases in DNA. The modified bases do not usually constitute mutations as produced. Instead they are acted on by the DNA enzymes of the cell, which repair most damaged bases but occasionally insert incorrect base sequences at or near the sites of damage. The frequency at which mutant animal cells are recovered depends upon the selection conditions in culture, upon whether the mutation selected is in a gene present in single or multiple active copies, and upon whether expression is dominant or recessive. Many studies depend on selecting for 8-azaguanine- or 6-thioguanine resistant mutants, which are due to mutations in the HGPRT locus present in a single active copy on the X-chromosome. Other widely used systems depend on selecting for ouabain resistance, which is dominant and results from a change in the sodium/potassium ATPase activity, or on selecting for thymidine kinase mutants in heterozygous Tk+/Tk- mouse cells. Many other types of mutation including nutritional markers are recessive and express only in cells carrying a single active gene copy, as is sometimes the case in established cell lines. The types of base damage causing mutations have been identified in very few cases only, and little is known about the enzymatic mechanisms of mutagenesis. However, chemical mutagenesis in cultured animal cells provide a practical way of testing chemicals and radiations for mutagenicity directly in animal cells, and much has been learned about the mutagenicity of various carcinogenic substances. To date, there is reasonable qualitative agreement between these results and those obtained in the widely used liver microsome-activated bacterial mutagenesis test systems. PMID- 7029264 TI - The mouse specific-locus test with agents other than radiations: interpretation of data and recommendations for future work. AB - The mouse specific-locus test with visible markers (SLT) has been the only extensively used method for detecting and quantifying the induction of heritable point mutations (intragenic changes and small deficiencies) in mammals. Mutations are detected in first-generation offspring; and scoring is simple, objective, and rapid. Different germ-cell stages can be sampled, including those of greatest pertinence for genetic risk assessment. The differential probability of involving the various loci of the marked set makes the method capable of detecting qualitative (as well as quantitative) differences between the actions of mutagens. Control SLT frequencies for males reported by 4 sets of investigators are in excellent agreement and were summed as a "historical control" (801406 observations) for use in our calculations. Experimental results were classified as positive, negative, or inconclusive based upon a multiple-decision procedure produced by the testing of the following 2 hypotheses: (1) the mutation frequency (induced + spontaneous) of treated mice is not higher than the spontaneous mutation frequency, and (2) the induced mutation frequency of treated mice is no less than 4 times the historical-control mutation frequency. Each hypothesis was tested at the 5% significance level. Because of the low mutation frequency in a very large control, the SLT is capable of yielding positive results in relatively small samples. We reviewed 58 publications, SLT results have been reported for 25 chemical agents, of which 17 (representing 21 chemical classes) gave results that were positive or negative by our criteria. The frequency of positive agents was 6 of 14, 5 of 5, and 0 of 1 conclusively tested, respectively, in spermatogonia, post-spermatogonial stages, and unspecified male germ cells. Depending on the chemical used, post-spermatogonial stages can be of greater, less, or equal sensitivity relative to spermatogonia. The SLT was strongly positive for some chemicals that are not mutagenic (or only weakly so) in lower systems, and there are several examples of the reverse situation. Factors which presumably operated to cause these differences (e.g., metabolism, transport, repair in germ cells) are likely also to operate for transmitted point mutations in man. PMID- 7029265 TI - Use of the mouse spot test in chemical mutagenesis: interpretation of past data and recommendations for future work. AB - The mouse spot test, developed 23 years ago, is an in vivo assay capable of detecting genetic effects of several kinds, including intragenic mutations, minute deficiencies, deletions (through breakage or nondisjunction) of various amounts of chromosomal material, and somatic crossing-over. The method involves exposing embryos that are heterozygous for a number of coat-color markers to the test agent, and, 3 weeks later, looking for clones of mutant cells, i.e., spots of color expressing the recessive marker in an otherwise black fur. Spots having other causes may also be induced, specifically white midventral spots due to cytotoxic effects, and certain spots resulting from misdifferentiation. Spot-test results have, to date, been reported from 7 laboratories. Because the control results for any one cross and solvent were found to be reasonably consistent between the laboratories, we pooled these to develop a "historical" control with which experimental results for the same cross and solvent were compared. Experimental results were classified as positive, negative, or inconclusive on the basis of a multiple-decision procedure produced by the testing of the following 2 hypotheses: (1) the mutation frequency (induced + spontaneous) in treated mice is not higher than the mutation frequency in the appropriate pooled control, and (2) the induced mutation frequency of the treated mice is no less than 4 times as high as the observed mutation frequency in the appropriate pooled control. Each hypothesis was tested at the 5% significance level. To date, 30 substances have been employed in the spot test, including 3 that are solvents for some of the others. Of the remaining 27 (26 compounds and 1 mixture), 16 were positive, 6 negative, and 5 inconclusive. The 26 compounds fell into 27 chemical classifications (using a system provided for use by the GENE-TOX program). The inadequacies in the design and reporting of some past experiments indicate a need for a carefully specified protocol. When properly done, the spot test will fulfill a useful role in mutagenicity testing programs because (1) it is an in vivo mammalian assay, (2) it detects genetic effects of many kinds, and (3) it is relatively rapid. Since the test appears well suited to the identification of potent mutagens, its main value should be in screening large numbers of substances and singling out the potentially worst offenders to be further studied in germ-line mutagenesis tests. PMID- 7029266 TI - Frameshift mutagenesis of 9-aminoacridine derivatives in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - It has been noted that 9-aminoacridine reverts a his C frameshift but not one in his D in the Salmonella strains used in the Ames test, without metabolic activation. The 2 sites differ in the arrangement of G and C residues present. We show here that a series of 9-aminoacridine derivatives exhibits the same selectivity as 9-aminoacridine provided there is at least one exocyclic amino hydrogen at the central ring position in acridines, or the analogous site in aminoquinolines. The results are consistent with a model derived from NMR experiments on 9-aminoacridine binding to dinucleoside phosphates, in which the N H group is situated in the duplex so as to participate in a hydrogen bond with one base while excluding its complementary partner, thereby provoking mismatching. We also report a strong difference in the dose-response behavior of 9-aminoacridine, quinacrine and a bifunctional derivative of quinacrine. PMID- 7029267 TI - Nitrated fluorene derivatives are potent frameshift mutagens. AB - Nitrated derivatives if fluorene are potent frameshift-type mutagens. A reduction of the nitro function is required for the expression of mutagenicity. Hydroxylamines are the presumed key intermediates, which following esterification to electrophiles are capable of forming adducts with cellular DNA. Evidence in support of this mechanism is obtained by the use of tester strains having a functional uvrB gene product or lacking specific nitroreductases. The mutagenic potency of nitrated fluorenes increases upon successive addition of nitro groups reaching a peak at the trisubstituted state. Addition of a 4th nitro group leads to decreased activity. PMID- 7029268 TI - Frameshift mutations: relative roles of simple intercalation and of adduct formation. AB - The contribution of "simple" intercalation and of adduct formation on the expression of frameshift mutations in Salmonella typhimurium was investigated using 9-aminoacridine and derivatives capable of either only intercalating between DNA base pairs or of forming adducts with DNA as well. For a chemical capable of intercalating as well as of forming an adduct, only a small portion of the frameshift mutagenicity is due to "simple" intercalation. Analogs only able to induce frameshift mutations as a result of intercalation generally display only a fraction (approx. 1%) of the frameshift activity of the analog capable of forming DNA adducts. PMID- 7029269 TI - A procedure for the quantitative measurement of the mutagenicity of volatile liquids in the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay. AB - We have designed a closed, inert incubation system for testing the mutagenicity of volatile compounds. The containment properties of this system have been investigated using carbon-14 labelled 1,2-dibromoethane. The recovery of this solvent was about 95% following a 48-h incubation at 37 degrees. Using the Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay we have determined the mutagenic potency of 10 common halogenated alkane solvents. Of these 10 compounds, only 1,2 dibromoethane and 1-bromo-2-chloroethane give positive results in the standard test procedure, whereas 7 of the 10 give positive results in the closed system. The specificity observed for reversion of the tester strains and the lack of any significant effect of added rat-liver "S9" fractions suggest that these haloalkanes are direct-acting "base-pair" type mutagens. The mutagenic potencies of the 7 positive compounds range from 0.001 revertants per nanomole for 1,2 dichloroethane to 0.172 revertants per nanomole for 1,2-dibromoethane. A minimum or threshold response level for each material has been calculated. PMID- 7029270 TI - Mutagenicity of reaction products of sulpyrine with nitrite. AB - The mutagenicity of three N-nitroso compounds produced by the reaction of sulpyrine with nitrite, 1-diketobutyryl-1-phenyl-2-methyl-2-nitrosohydrazide hydrate (DPMN), 4-(N-methyl-N-nitroso) aminoantipyrine (MNAA) and 1-acetyl-1 methyl-2-nitroso-2-phenylhydrazine, was tested on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98. The mutagenicity of related compounds, 4-methyl-aminoantipyrine, 1 acetyl-1-methyl-2-phenylhydrazine, 4-hydroxyantipyrine, sulpyrine and sodium nitrite was also examined. DPMN and MNAA, which are main reaction products in the nitrosation of sulpyrine, and sodium nitrite were mutagenic to TA100, but not to TA98. The other compounds were not mutagenic to either strain. MNAA required metabolic activation with rat-liver microsomal preparation (S9 mix) for the mutagenic activity, while DPMN did not require S9 mix. The mutagenicity of DPMN was remarkably increased by the addition of L-cysteine or glutathione. The enhancing effect was proportional to the concentrations of cysteine (0.4-2.1 mumoles/plate) or glutathione (0.8-6.5 mumoles/plate) added. PMID- 7029271 TI - Bacterial mutagenicity and toxicity of cycloaliphatic epoxides. AB - The mutagenicity of 12 cycloaliphatic epoxides was investigated using the Ames Salmonella assay without the addition of liver homogenate fractions. Base-pair substitution mutagenic activity was detected for 8 members of this series of compounds, confirming our laboratory's previous observations of weak mutagenic response at high dose levels for cis-1,2-disubstituted epoxides. While mutagenicity decreased with expanding ring size, inhibition of bacterial growth increased for increases in ring size. Toxicity accompanying the required high doses for the demonstration of mutagenicity for these compounds prevented the establishment of meaningful dose-response ranges for the remaining epoxides tested. The volatility observed with these oxiranes also made dose-response establishment difficult but was countered by the use of petri dish sealing bands during incubation. Mutagenicity in this series was found to be generally more pronounced in TA1535 while toxicity was detected with greater sensitivity by TA100. The use of the less permeable strains TA92, TA1950 and TA2410, all having normal lipopolysaccharide cell wall coatings, failed to reduce this marked toxicity. The repair test compared results in TA1535 (repair-deficient strain) with TA1975 (repair-proficient strain) and demonstrated that the bacteria were not being killed by damage to DNA since toxicity was not reduced in TA1975. PMID- 7029272 TI - Detection of mammalian cell mutagens in urine from carcinogen-dosed mice. AB - Urine from drug-treated rodents was tested directly in the L5178Y TK+/-leads to TK-/- gene mutation assay for the induction of trifluorothymidine-resistant (TFTR) mutants. 18-h urine samples collected from male CD-1 mice which had been treated with either 2-aminofluorene, cyclophosphamide, or lucanthone were incubated with beta-glucuronidase, then added directly to cultures of L5178Y TK+/ mouse lymphoma cells for 3 h. All 3 urine sources produced significant, dose dependent increases in the frequency of TFTR mutants compared to normal urine or saline controls. When these same chemicals were tested directly as mutagens in L5178Y TK+/- cells, lucanthone and, to a lesser extent, cyclophosphamide were positive both with or without metabolic activation; and aminofluorene was only positive with activation. These results indicate that the urinary metabolites of aminofluorene, cyclophosphamide, and either the parental molecule or urinary metabolites of lucanthone can readily be detected as mutagens in a mammalian cell assay. PMID- 7029273 TI - The in vivo and in vitro action of 4-amino-5-imidazolecarboxamide in trypanosomatid flagellates. AB - 4-Amino-5-imidazolecarboxamide, but not its riboside or ribotide, is inhibitory to the growth of promastigotes of Leishmania donovani, L. braziliensis, L. tarentolae, and L. mexicana, eventually causing cell lysis. Conversely, it is not inhibitory to the growth of epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. This substituted imidazole proved to be an excellent inhibitor of guanine deaminase from all of the trypanosomatids used in this study, with Ki values in the microM range. PMID- 7029274 TI - Proteinases of Leishmania mexicana amastigotes and promastigotes: analysis by gel electrophoresis. AB - The proteinases of Leishmania mexicana mexicana amastigotes and promastigotes have been analysed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels containing denatured haemoglobin. Eleven bands of activity were detected indicating multiple proteinases. These were significant quantitative and qualitative differences between the proteinases of the two developmental forms. Four, B-E, were present in both forms but were of much higher activity in the amastigote. There were two major activities in promastigotes, A and D. The other proteinases, F-K, were of lower activity; I and K were not detected in promastigotes. All proteinases were active optimally at pH 4.0. Most of them, including the major proteinases A-E, were thiol proteinases since they were stimulated by 1 mM dithiothreitol and were sensitive to inhibitors such as HgCl2, leupeptin, antipain and iodoacetic acid. PMID- 7029275 TI - Retrolental fibroplasia: efficacy of vitamin E in a double-blind clinical study of preterm infants. AB - We performed a double-blind study in 101 preterm infants who weighed less than or equal to 1500 g at birth, who had respiratory distress, and who survived for at least four weeks, to evaluate the efficacy of oral vitamin E in preventing the development of retrolental fibroplasia. Weekly indirect ophthalmologic examinations begun when the infants were three weeks old revealed a significant decrease in the incidence of retrolental fibroplasia greater than or equal to Grade III (P less than 0.03) and greater than or equal to Grade II (P less than 0.05) (McCormick classification) in the 50 infants given 100 mg of vitamin E per kilogram of body weight per day as compared with 51 given 5 mg per kilogram per day (controls). When multivariate analysis was applied to the controls, five risk factors were identified: gestational age, level and duration of administration oxygen, intraventricular hemorrhage, sepsis, and birth weight. When multivariate analysis was applied to both control and treatment groups, the severity of retrolental fibroplasia was found to be significantly reduced in infants given 100 mg of vitamin E (P = 0.012). PMID- 7029276 TI - Propranolol for prevention of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis: a controlled study. AB - It has been suggested that because propranolol decreases portal venous pressure, it may prevent gastrointestinal bleeding associated with portal hypertension. We randomly assigned 74 patients with cirrhosis, who were admitted because of gastrointestinal bleeding, to either oral propranolol given in doses that reduced the heart rate by 25 per cent (38 patients) or to a placebo (36 patients). The proportion of patients free of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding one year after inclusion in this study was 96 per cent in the propranolol group and 50 per cent in the placebo group (P less than 0.0001). We conclude that continuous administration of propranolol by mouth is effective in preventing recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. PMID- 7029277 TI - Chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 7029278 TI - Nephrotoxicity of cyclosporin A after allogeneic marrow transplantation: glomerular thromboses and tubular injury. PMID- 7029279 TI - Retrolental fibroplasia: an unsolved problem. PMID- 7029280 TI - Oral morphine for relief of chronic pain from cancer. PMID- 7029281 TI - Campylobacter enteritis. PMID- 7029282 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to T-cell subsets in renal-allograft recipients. PMID- 7029283 TI - Drug therapy: cerebral vasodilators (first of two parts). PMID- 7029284 TI - Autopsies in mummies. PMID- 7029285 TI - Multidisciplinary treatment of advanced stages of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in children. AB - Twenty-eight previously untreated patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, stages II to IV, were treated with the T-6 induction protocol and maintained on the T-2 protocol. The T-6 protocol consisted of simultaneous administration of drugs and irradiation, given in 3 parts each separated by an obligatory period of rest. Twenty-four of the 28 patients (85.7%) survived 4 to 44 months, with a median follow-up of 24 months; 18 (64%) have been in continuous disease-free status. The immediate toxicity of the T-6 induction was severe and required intensive supportive care. To date, the results from the T-6 induction protocol were more effective than those achieved with the T-2 protocol. PMID- 7029286 TI - Multidisciplinary treatment of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in children: a progress report. AB - Fifty-nine patients under 21 years of age with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma were treated according to a multidisciplinary protocol (T-2). The protocol consisted of surgical removal of the tumor, if possible, determination of clinicopathologic stages of the disease followed by radiotherapy for stages IB to IV, and chemotherapy. Radiation therapy was given in the range of 4,500--7,000 rad. The chemotherapy given for 2 years consisted of cycles of sequential administration of dactinomycin, adriamycin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide. Forty-five of the patients (76%) are alive with no evidence of disease for 6 to 100 months (median follow-up of 57 ml). These include 19 of the 21 patients with stage IA (localized tumors, completely resected), 10 of the 10 stage IB (resected tumors, microscopic residual), 8 of the 9 stage II (unresectable tumors), 7 of the 14 stage III (unresectable tumors plus regional node involvement), and 1 of the 5 patients with stage IV (metastatic) disease. These results are superior to those achieved in 1960--70 at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. PMID- 7029287 TI - Surgical lessons from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. AB - The Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study, initiated in 1972, has admitted more than 700 patients with childhood rhabdomyosarcoma in a 6-year period. Although it was designed primarily to answer specific questions about various aspects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, some lessons have been learned concerning the surgical approach to this disease. Operative resection, which is not always feasible, is determined chiefly by the clinical stage and anatomic site. Thus far, data for some anatomic sites indicated that total gross resection at some point in the treatment schedule achieved better results than did incomplete resection. A possible exception to this occurred when the orbit is the primary site. The incidence of lymphatic metastases from lesions in some anatomic sites (e.g., paratesticular, pelvic genito-urinary, and extremity) was higher than was previously appreciated. This finding will influence decisions concerning surgical biopsy or dissection of regional lymph nodes for many of these lesions. Differences in histology, particularly those relating to the alveolar type, indicated the need for a more aggressive approach to selected lesions, but we need more data to confirm this determination. Lastly, patients who initially received radiotherapy or chemotherapy to pelvic sites have had striking benefits, and this finding should encourage the development of schedules that specify operative resection of these lesions later in the program rather than as the initial treatment. PMID- 7029289 TI - Pathology of rhabdomyosarcoma: experience of the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study, 1972-78. AB - A preliminary evaluation of histologic subtypes of rhabdomyosarcoma has shown that the alveolar pattern is associated with a significantly shorter survival when the patient has localized disease that has been completely excised at diagnosis. New histologic variants of undifferentiated sarcoma have been identified, but the clinical significance of these variants remains to be determined. Study of postmortem data of children placed on the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study has shown several important clinical facts: Patients with head and neck parameningeal primary sites have a high incidence of treatment failures because the tumor extended into the adjacent central nervous system, with or without spinal fluid spread. Primary sites in the extremities and genitourinary tract are associated with an increased rate of regional lymph node spread. Systematic study of more patients is required before this association can be fully evaluated. PMID- 7029288 TI - Immunology of sarcomas. AB - Tumor antigens have now been demonstrated for most experimentally induced tumors by in vivo transplantation techniques, but the demonstration of antigens unique to human tumors has depended on in vitro methods. We have reviewed 1) the evidence that experimental sarcomas express tumor-specific transplantation antigens and that responses against these antigens can be protective in vivo; 2) the in vitro evidence for the existence to antigens associated with sarcomas; and 3) the use of cell hybridization techniques to produce monoclonal antibody to define the distribution of cell surface antigens expressed by human sarcoma cells. PMID- 7029290 TI - Osteogenic sarcoma studies by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. PMID- 7029291 TI - Prophylactic irradiation of the lungs to prevent development of pulmonary metastases in patients with osteosarcoma of the limbs. AB - A controlled clinical trial conducted by the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer Radiotherapy Cooperative Group has shown that prophylactic lung irradiation is effective in preventing lung metastases in patients under 17 years of age. Recently, a new three-armed trial has started in which prophylactic chemotherapy and lung irradiation and chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy to the lungs will be compared for their ability to prevent the development of lung metastases. PMID- 7029292 TI - Treatment of soft tissue and bone sarcomas: review of studies at the National Cancer Institute. AB - The Surgery Branch of the National Cancer Institute conducted two prospective trials on the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with sarcomas. Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) appeared to improve significantly the disease-free survival of 55 current protocol patients with sarcomas of soft tissue compared with historical controls (P less than 0.001). The high incidence of drug-induced cardiomyopathy associated with this regimen led us to begin a prospective randomized trial of this adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with sarcomas of soft tissue. The use of high-dose methotrexate following surgery in 50 patients with osteogenic sarcoma was associated with a small increase in disease-free survival (P = 0.028) compared with historical controls. Little if any effect was seen in patients with high-grade lesions (P = 0.11). Overall survival of patients with osteogenic sarcoma was dramatically improved (P less than 0.001), probably due to the introduction of frequent screening for pulmonary metastases and the surgical resection of these metastases as soon as they appeared. PMID- 7029293 TI - Multimodal therapy for the management of primary, nonmetastatic Ewing's sarcoma of bone: an Intergroup Study. AB - A randomized study of 264 children and adults with previously untreated localized Ewing's sarcoma of bone was undertaken between 1973 and 1978 by 83 institutions of three national study groups: Children's Cancer Study Group, Southwest Oncology Group, and Cancer and Leukemia Group B. The Intergroup Study was designed to determine if the addition of adriamycin (ADR) or bilateral pulmonary radiotherapy (RT) to vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide (VAC therapy) would improve survival and reduce local recurrences and metastases. All patients received RT to the primary lesion, and the survival rate after 3 years was 65%. The most effective treatment regimen was VAC plus ADR; 74% of the patients were free of disease at 2 years. The lengths of disease-free status and survival of patients treated with VAC plus ADR or VAC plus RT did not differ. However, both regimens were significantly superior to treatment with VAC alone. The addition of ADR or bilateral pulmonary RT to VAC was highly advantageous to patients with nonpelvic primaries. Bone and lung were the major sites of distant relapse, but the addition of bilateral pulmonary RT showed no advantage over that of ADR in reducing the occurrence of lung metastases. These recent results should eliminate some of the pessimism that has accompanied a diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma, although distant metastases continued to be a major reason for failure in the control of this tumor. Survival of these patients can be improved through well controlled clinical trials designed to determine optimal adjuvant chemotherapy and treatment of the primary lesion. PMID- 7029294 TI - Radiation therapy in the multimodal management of Ewing's sarcoma of bone: report of the Intergroup Ewing's Sarcoma Study. AB - This paper is a progress report on the role of radiation therapy (RT) in local tumor control and the decreased incidence of pulmonary metastasis in 251 patients entered in the Intergroup Ewing's Sarcoma Study. All were followed for more that 1 year, and their RT records were reviewed. Doses to the primary tumor in the range of 4,500--6,500 rad were administered over approximately 5 to 6 weeks in combination with 4 drugs, i.e., vincristine (VCR), dactinomycin (DAC), cyclophosphamide (CY), and adriamycin, or only the first 3. One group of patients received the 3 drugs and bilateral pulmonary irradiation (approximately 1,500 rad in 2 wk). Preliminary analysis showed a local primary tumor control of approximately 90%. Patients with lesions in the pelvis and humerus had local failure rates of 13% (7 of 54) and 21.4% (6 of 28), respectively. The treatment groups differed significantly in the incidence of pulmonary metastasis. Patients treated with the 4 drugs (regimen 1) had a 14% incidence, whereas 42% of those treated with only 3 drugs (regimen 2) developed pulmonary metastases. Of all patients treated with 3 drugs and pulmonary irradiation (regimen 3), 18% showed lung metastases. The study indicated that intensive chemotherapy and RT significantly improved the local control and survival of patients with localized Ewing's sarcoma. However, the high incidence of metastasis indicated the need for more effective systemic chemotherapy for further improvement of treatment results. More studies are needed so we can define the volume to be treated and the optimal dose of irradiation to determine a therapeutic strategy that will yield optimal survival and tumor control with the fewest sequelae. PMID- 7029295 TI - Prognostic factors in children with Ewing's sarcoma. AB - Patient characteristics of 272 patients entered in a clinical trial conducted by the Pediatric Intergroup Ewing's Sarcoma Committee between June 1972 and November 1978 were examined for their relationship to prognosis. Prognosis was defined as disease-free survival time (time to local recurrence and/or metastatic disease) and overall survival time; all times were measured from the start of treatment. In a multivariate regression model, primary site of disease was the major variable that influenced prognosis, and patients with pelvic sites had the least favorable prognoses, followed by those with proximal and rib sites. The most favorable sites were distal and other. The median disease-free and survival times in weeks by primary site were, respectively: pelvis (69, 112), proximal (102, 141), rib (105, 109+), distal (226+, 240), and other (96+, 199+). Females had better prognoses than males; the median survival times were 197 and 147 weeks, respectively. An abnormal liver function as indicated by an abnormal serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase value (greater than 45 IU) was a bad prognostic sign, although only 8 patients had this finding; their median survival time was 94 weeks. Patients who had resections had a slight advantage in survival compared with those having biopsies, though the difference favoring resection patients was not consistent for both sexes in any primary site. Individual characteristics of the patients that were of prognostic significance were: blood lymphocyte counts (high counts favorable), polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts (high counts unfavorable), and time from symptoms to diagnosis (times less than 1 mol favorable). Patients who received treatment 2 had significantly poorer prognoses than those given treatments 1 or 3. The median disease-free and survival times by treatment were (in wk): 1 (134, 198+), 2 (81, 120), and 3 (123, 182). PMID- 7029296 TI - Multimodal therapy in metastatic Ewing's sarcoma: an Intergroup Study. AB - Multimodal therapy consisting of radiation therapy to all areas of gross disease and intensive combination chemotherapy was administered to 44 patients with Ewing's sarcoma. Seven of these patients had regional disease and the others had clinical evidence of distant metastases. The median duration of time on study for all patients was 75 weeks. A complete response occurred in 31 of the patients and 17 are currently free of disease. Four deaths resulted from complications of therapy; 2 were due to infection and 2 due to adriamycin-related cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7029297 TI - The Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study: update, november 1978. AB - Between 1972 and 1978, 780 patients were entered on the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. The results indicated that postoperative irradiation of the tumor bed was unnecessary when vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) were given in combination for 2 years after excision of a localized tumor (group I). This drug combination was no better than vincristine combined with dactinomycin given to patients with grossly resected tumors (group II) who also received postoperative irradiation. Intensive chemotherapy regimens, "pulse" VAC alone or VAC combined with adriamycin followed by irradiation, were equally effective in advanced stages and induced tumor regression in 85% of the patients who had gross residual disease after surgery (group III) and in 68--74% of the patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis (group IV). Two-year relapse free survival rates were projected to be 83% for group I, 72% for group II, 65% for group III, and 28% for group IV; the overall survival rates were higher for each group. Patients with local and distant recurrences had equally poor prognoses. PMID- 7029298 TI - Radiation therapy combined with systemic chemotherapy of rhabdomyosarcoma in children: local control in patients enrolled in the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. AB - The 524 children enrolled in the Intergroup Rhabdodomyosarcoma Study were the basis for our reviewing the effect on local tumor control by radiation therapy (RT) when combined with systemic chemotherapy. Of those who received RT, 291 were evaluated for dose and 317 for volume. No statistical differences of local control were observed at doses ranging between 3,500 and 6,000 rad, by extent of local disease, nor by adequacy of RT volume as long as the tumor mass and a 5-cm margin were in the RT portal. PMID- 7029299 TI - Prognostic factors in children with rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - The characteristics of 554 evaluated patients entered into a clinical trial conducted by the Pediatric Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Committee between November 1972 and September 1978 were examined for their relationship to prognosis. Prognosis was defined as disease-free time and overall survival time in clinical groups I and II and time on study and survival time in clinical groups III and IV; all times were measured from the start of treatment. The percentage of patients surviving 2 years differed significantly among the clinical groups: I, 92; II, 78; III, 64; and IV, 35. The percentage of patients free of disease at 2 years was significantly higher in group I than in group II (83 vs. 72%, respectively); P = 0.02. The patient characteristics of group I most related to disease-free and overall survival were histologic cell type (alveolar, unfavorable), lymphocyte count (low count, unfavorable), and primary site (disease in extremities, unfavorable). In group II, sex (male, favorable) and lymphocyte count (low count, unfavorable) were significantly related to disease free and overall survival times. Patients in the clinical subgroup with both microscopic residual disease and lymph node metastasis had poorer survival than patients in other subgroups. Primary site of disease was the only characteristic of group III related to length of time on study and to survival. Orbit and the genitourinary system were favorable primary sites, whereas the retroperitoneal area and extremities were unfavorable. In group IV, primary site (genitourinary, favorable) was related to length of time on study and survival. Sex (male, favorable) was related to survival experience. PMID- 7029300 TI - Contrasting epidemiology of childhood osteosarcoma, Ewing's tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - Marked dissimilarities in the epidemiology of osteosarcoma, Ewing's tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma indicate differences in their origins. A major clue to the genesis of Ewing's tumor comes not from defining persons at high risk but from the observation that blacks are at unusually low risk. The neoplasm does not aggregate in families and is not part of any known syndrome. No environmental causes have been identified. By contrast, osteosarcoma may be caused by external or internal ionizing radiation, and it aggregated in families with the same tumor or with dissimilar tumors and in certain genetic disorders of bone. In man and in dogs, the frequency of the neoplasm is related to bone mass and growth. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the upper versus the lower limbs seems related to muscle mass. Age peaks in the occurrence of the tumor elsewhere vary with the anatomic site; head and neck tumors develop in early childhood and urogenital tumors both in early years and in adolescence. The sex ratio (male to female) also varies with the site affected. Rhabdomyosarcoma aggregates with certain other tumors in families and overlaps with osteosarcoma in some of these relationships but is distinguished from that tumor by its excessive occurrence in neurofibromatosis. PMID- 7029301 TI - Treatment of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 1962--78. AB - Between March 1962 and December 1978, 153 children with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) received treatment at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. As of January 1979, 62 of these patients were still alive. Between 1962 and 1968, 20 patients were not treated by protocol, and, between 1968 and 1979, another 13 have been registered as "nonprotocol"; 6 of these 33 patients survive. Since 1968, 120 patients received treatment by 3 stage-related, multiple-modality programs. In the first protocol, chemotherapy consisted of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and dactinomycin; 14 of 34 patients have survived after 6 to more than 10 years. In the second treatment program, which used adriamycin in addition to the 3 drugs cited above, 20 of 56 subjects remain free of disease after more than 2 to 5.5 years; toxicity of the multiple agents given in combination with radiotherapy proved intolerable and led to a modified 4-agent protocol for patients admitted since early 1977. Of 30 in this latter group, 22 are alive. Forty of 44 patients who remained free of RMS for more than 2 years continue to survive. PMID- 7029302 TI - The man behind the name. James Syme, 1799-1870. PMID- 7029303 TI - Hemispheric modes of consciousness in the human brain. PMID- 7029304 TI - Visual machinery of the brain. PMID- 7029305 TI - Calmodulin localization during capping and receptor-mediated endocytosis. PMID- 7029306 TI - An 'internal' signal sequence directs secretion and processing or proinsulin in bacteria. PMID- 7029307 TI - Radiation-induced base substitution mutagenesis in single-stranded DNA phage M13. PMID- 7029308 TI - recA-independent general genetic recombination of plasmids. PMID- 7029309 TI - Tumour promoters induce mitotic aneuploidy in yeast. PMID- 7029310 TI - Intramolecular flexibility in phenylalanine transfer RNA. PMID- 7029311 TI - [Various observations on the results of the "Aspirin myocardial infarction study" and the "Persantine-aspirin reinfarction study" in the United States]. PMID- 7029312 TI - [The periodicals of Willem van Ranouw]. PMID- 7029313 TI - [Aleksei Alekseevich Ukhtomskii (based on personal reminiscences)]. PMID- 7029314 TI - [Peptides and behavior]. PMID- 7029315 TI - [Subunit chromatin organization]. PMID- 7029316 TI - Long-term survival of a renal allograft in a patient with primary hyperoxaluria (type I). PMID- 7029317 TI - Acute leukaemia, perspectives in diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7029318 TI - Left ventricular ejection fraction and its response to therapy in essential hypertension. AB - Left ventricular ejection fraction at rest and during treadmill and isometric handgrip exercise were determined in 16 patients with essential hypertension (mean age 47.4 years) before and after therapy. The untreated hypertensive patient showed a linear correlation between mean blood pressure and LVEF (r = 0.62, p less than 0.01). The relation of sitting, resting LVEF with systolic blood pressure was highly significant (r = 0.88, p less than 0.001). Prior to therapy no significant change in LVEF in response to exercise was noted. After therapy with captopril, a normal isotonic exercise response occurred consisting of a highly significant increase in ejection fraction (p less than 0.0025). Subjects receiving propranolol had a fall in LVEF with isometric stress (p less than 0.0025). These data suggest an increased ejection fraction in patients with essential hypertension when all other parameters of the heart are normal and an abnormal response to isotonic exercise which may be reversed with therapy. PMID- 7029319 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in glomerulonephritis. AB - Exogenous insulin sensitivity as well as the dynamics of blood serum levels of immunoreactive insulin and growth hormone (GH) after oral glucose loading were studied in patients with glomerulonephritis of different clinical manifestations and varying renal functions. A correlation between disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism on the one hand, and the degree of renal failure and protein depletion on the other, was established. Disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism were detected as early as in the preazotemic phase of the disease. The clinical significance of the disorders and methods for evaluation of insulin response to oral glucose are discussed. PMID- 7029320 TI - Circulating immune complexes after cadaver kidney transplantation. AB - 351 sera from 27 human recipients of renal allografts and 21 healthy blood donors were assayed for circulating immune complexes by the Clq solid-phase radioimmune assay. Increased Clq-binding activity (Clq-BA) was detected in pretransplant sera from 5 patients with chronic pyelonephritis (PN) and 3 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (GN). A significant decrease of Clq-BA immediately after transplantation could not be found. 6 weeks after transplantation only 2 patients of the PN group showed increased Clq-BA. Serial studies in 17 patients with rejection crises did not show any correlation between the level of serum Clq-BA and the occurrence of rejections. Furthermore, no correlation could be found between the occurrence of complement-dependent lymphocytotoxic antibodies measured by the 51Cr release technique and the level of serum Clq-BA. In contrast, our results show that the probability of graftectomy or graft failure is significantly higher, at least in the early phase after transplantation, when the serum Clq-BA is lowered for several weeks. PMID- 7029321 TI - Familial C1q deficiency in 3 siblings with glomerulonephritis and Rothmund Thomson syndrome. AB - Complete absence of C1q was demonstrated in the sera of 3 siblings in association with renal and cutaneous lesions. The serologic findings were consistent with an autoimmune disorder. Hematuria was the renal symptom present in all 3 patients; proteinuria was also present in 1. Renal biopsies showed mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with diffuse glomerular deposits of IgM and C3 in all cases. Clinical cutaneous manifestations and the histological picture were those of the Rothmund-Thompson syndrome. Three combined diseases, characterized by renal and cutaneous affection and serologic abnormalities, are presented in this paper. PMID- 7029322 TI - Clinical significance of urinary fibrinogen degradation products in renal disease: study with two methods and correlation with histological findings of intraglomerular coagulation. AB - The investigation of fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) in urine has been suggested as a reliable method to detect the glomerular deposition of fibrin. Urinary FDP were investigated in 246 patients with renal disease by means of a latex test in 100 of them (positive in 54%); in the remaining 146 patients the Merskey method was used which gave positive results in 26% of them. A significant correlation between urinary protein excretion and FDP was only observed in those patients examined with the latex test. In patients investigated with the Merskey method, the simultaneous determination of serum FDP showed no correlation between FDP values in serum and urine. In those patients studied by means of renal biopsy, a poor correlation was observed between immunofluorescence and electron microscopic evidence of fibrin deposition and urinary FDP. In conclusion, isolated urinary FDP detection is not an index of pathologic coagulation in the glomeruli. PMID- 7029323 TI - The effects of immunosuppression on the renal transplant patient. PMID- 7029324 TI - Genital herpes: a problem in renal transplant patients. PMID- 7029325 TI - Surgery may be the easiest part. PMID- 7029326 TI - Ernie: a case study of a renal transplant patient. PMID- 7029327 TI - Selection criteria for transplantation? PMID- 7029328 TI - The nurse-patient relationship when the kidney rejects. PMID- 7029329 TI - The nurse, the transplant patient and the family. PMID- 7029330 TI - [A simple radiological technic for the localisation of foramen of Monro in plain skull x-rays (author's transl)]. AB - The foramen of Monro has a remarkable constant anatomical situation. A method using only one basic line (bregma-dorsum sellae) for the stereotactic introduction of a canula in front or within the foramen of Monro for a stereotactic ventriculography is reported. The simplicity and safety of the technique as well as its advantages are emphasized. PMID- 7029331 TI - [Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. I. Clinical aspects, morphology and tissue pharmacokinetics]. PMID- 7029332 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of guanfacine in patients with renal insufficiency and in patients under chronic dialysis (author's transl)]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of guanfacine (GF, antihypertensive agent with central action) were studied in five patients with renal insufficiency (CCr less than 30 ml/min) after oral administration of a single 4 mg dose. GF was rapidly absorbed, the peak plasma levels (13.28 +/- 1.58 ng/ml) being reached within two hours. The plasma level decreased with a bi-exponential pattern, with a t 1/2 of the beta phase of 24.4 +/- 3.2 h. The plasma clearance was 212 +/- 40 ml/min and the renal clearance 13.9 +/- 5.2 ml/min. The comparison of these results with those observed in hypertensive patients with a normal renal function demonstrates a slower elimination (t 1/2 beta in the reference group of 16.7 h) and a decrease of the total and renal clearances (445 +/- 29 ml/min and 144 +/- 6 ml/min respectively of the reference group) which directly correlated with the decrease of the CCr. The volume of distribution, however, does not seem to be modified. In 5 other patients under chronic dialysis treated with GF for several months, the cumulation was not more improvement than in the chronic renal insufficient group. The dialysis did not appear to interfere with the elimination kinetics of the drug. PMID- 7029333 TI - [Cyclosporin A]. PMID- 7029334 TI - [Tuberous sclerosis with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis and transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - We report on a case of tuberous sclerosis in a 36-year-old female with chronic renal failure, who was treated by hemodialysis and transplantation. The diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis was ascertained by the association of typical cutaneous retinal and osseous lesions. On the contrary, the renal localisations were unusual. Early hypertension was exacerbated in the course of 2 pregnancies but was never severe. It preceded the late onset of renal failure which progressed slowly. The kidneys were small, with a peculiar angiographic aspect: the renal tissue was not invaded by hamartomas but the whole arterial bed was diffusely modified, with a cortical perfusion defect. Both kidneys were studied after bilateral nephrectomy. The lesions were far more complex than a simple replacement of the renal tissue by angiomyolipomas: they involved the vessels, the interstitium (with lipids inclusions surrounded by a macrophagic reaction) and the glomeruli (with focal and segmental sclerosis). This observation (which is the 11th case in the literature of tuberous sclerosis with chronic renal failure and the 3rd treated by transplantation) documents a particular variety of congenital and familial nephropathy with delayed revelation. PMID- 7029335 TI - [Editorial review: glomerulonephritis and renal transplantation]. PMID- 7029336 TI - [Immediate renal function after kidney transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - The postoperative course management of kidney transplant patients appears to be easier when a large efficient diuresis resumes without delay. A decreased hemodialysis rate is observed and diagnosis of rejection is easier. Immediate diuresis resumed in 180 out of 186 (97%) recipients who received a large fluid load, given under mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) monitoring. The purpose of fluid load is to provide the graft with an optimal blood flow immediately after vascular clamp release. The optimal filling pressure required varies according to initial PAP value. Fluid load aims to raise PAP to reach 25 mm Hg when the initial value is below this figure whereas it merely maintains the initial value when PAP is at 25 mm Hg or above. Mean peroperative fluid load reaches 3860 ml of water with 33 g of sodium chloride, 600 ml of 20% albumin and 3 units of packed red blood cells. During the immediate postoperative course a minimal 400 ml/h urine output is aimed at. Good hemodynamic tolerance is maintained through deliberate controlled ventilation during the first six postoperative hours. Application of this protocol was associated with general improvement of kidney transplantation outcome. PMID- 7029337 TI - [Kinetics of plasma and urine aluminium after renal grafting (author's transl)]. AB - Kinetics of plasma and urine aluminium (Al) were studied prospectively in 40 kidney recipients during 6 months following grafting, including 2 patients with dialysis encephalopathy. Two groups of patients were defined according to graft function outcome. Group I: successful grafting, either immediate (Ia), or delayed (Ib); group II: immediate and definitive graft failure. A control group was added including hemodialysis patients undergoing non-transplantation surgery (without steroid therapy). Recipients of group I excreted high amounts of A1 and progressively normalized their plasma A1 within 6 months (13 Micron g/1 +/- 7 versus less than 10 Micron g/1 in normal subjects). The average A1 excretion during the first month was 9539 Micron g +/- 12.233 Micron in group Ia and 9048 Micron g +/- 4445 Micron g in group Ib. In one encephalopathic patient (group Ia), it even reached 2166 Micron g per day and amounted to 44.727 Micron g during the first month. In all groups taken as a whole, an early period of increase in plasma A1 occurred which was moderate and observed mostly in patients with low initial plasma A1 values (less than 50 Micron g/1) in group Ia, but high and significant (p less than 0.01) in group Ib. This increase was present as well in group II (p less than 0.01) but to a somewhat lesser extent than in group Ib. The mechanism of this sharp increase of plasma A1 in the early period following grafting is not clear. Two major factors are discussed : steroid therapy or A1 (OH)3 ingestion, but there was no correlation between given doses and plasma A1 levels after grafting; persistent hyperparathyroidism which could enhance A1 intestinal absorption. PMID- 7029338 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative study of filtering technics in order to isolate homogeneous glomerular populations]. PMID- 7029340 TI - [The psychological effect of their handicap on spina bifida patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029339 TI - A light and electron microscopic histochemical study on the mechanism of DFP induced acute and subacute myopathy. AB - The histochemical changes occurring in association with the development of acute and subacute myopathy have been studied in the rat diaphragm 30 min-48 h after a single i.p. injection of 1.82 mg/kg of the irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor organophosphate, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). In addition to a considerable inhibition of the AChE activity of the motor end-plates, accumulation of ionic Ca2+ and an increase in neutral protease activity in the subjunctional sarcoplasm have been demonstrated. A temporal and causal relationship has been established between the histochemical changes and the development of the ultrastructural signs of myopathy. PMID- 7029341 TI - Hyperthermia for brain tumors: biophysical rationale. AB - Hyperthermia has great potential as an antineoplastic agent because: (a) it is effective against relatively radioresistant hypoxic cells and cells in S phase; (b) unlike most chemotherapeutic agents, it is effective against poorly vascularized and metabolically quiescent tissues; (c) as a physical agent, its biological effect is related to the duration and intensity of its application; (d) it seems to have no cumulative toxicity; and (e) it potentiates the effects of both chemotherapy and ionizing radiation at the cellular level. The use of hyperthermia for malignant brain tumors is constrained by a relatively narrow therapeutic index and the considerable thermal sensitivity of normal neural tissue. Glioblastoma multiforme, by virtue of its low growth fraction and heterogeneous cell populations, seems to be an ideal candidate for hyperthermia administered as part of a combined modality treatment program. Focal hyperthermia can be produced by a number of energy sources, including those utilizing ultrasound, microwave, and radiofrequency generators. The clinical safety and feasibility of a miniature microwave radiator/sensor system for direct implantation have been demonstrated. In comparison to normal feline brain, malignant brain tumors in humans are unable to dissipate heat efficiently. PMID- 7029342 TI - Diagnosis of acoustic neuroma. AB - The acquisition and application of new techniques in diagnostic screening have changed the approach to patients with suspected acoustic neuroma. In this paper, we review the extensive recent literature on acoustic tumors and present a critical analysis of the various diagnostic investigations. The older tests for cerebrospinal fluid protein, vestibular testing, and arteriography have been supplanted by modern audiometry with acoustic reflex testing, brain stem evoked responses, and computed tomography (CT). The various types of plain radiography are confirmed as an extremely useful screening modality. CT is insufficiently sensitive to serve as a primary screening procedure, but is a valuable confirmatory test. We propose a logical method of screening patients suspected of having an acoustic neuroma that can be applied by any practitioner in any clinical situation. PMID- 7029343 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Finland. PMID- 7029344 TI - Microanatomy of enkephalin-containing neurones in the developing rat spinal cord in vitro. PMID- 7029345 TI - Neuropeptides in dissociated cultures of hypothalamus and septum: quantitation of immunoreactive neurons. PMID- 7029346 TI - Characterization of anti-actin antibodies and their use in immunocytochemical studies on the localization of actin in adrenal chromaffin cells in culture. PMID- 7029347 TI - The role of nuclear procedures in the diagnosis of intracranial disease. PMID- 7029348 TI - Historical development of the classification of brain tumours and the new proposal of the World Health Organization (WHO). PMID- 7029349 TI - Reflections on the surgery of the pineal gland (a glimpse into the past). Gleanings from medical history. PMID- 7029350 TI - Maarten Vink: the man and the surgeon. PMID- 7029351 TI - Uremic escape of renal allograft rejection. AB - It is demonstrated in rats that, in the presence of early postoperative severe but transient uremia, the survival of first set Brown-Norway (BN) renal allografts in Lewis (LEW) recipients is at least three times prolonged when compared to non-uremic controls. This phenomenon is called "uremic escape of renal allograft rejection'. By means of lethal X-irradiation of donors of BN kidneys transplanted into transiently uremic and non-uremic LEW recipients, the presence of passenger lymphocyte immunocompetence is demonstrated to be obligatory for this phenomenon to occur. As a result of mobile passenger lymphocyte immunocompetence, a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction is elicited in the spleens of LEW recipients of BN kidneys which amplifies the host response. The splenomegaly observed in LEW recipients of BN kidneys is caused not only by this GVH reaction, which is shown to be exquisitely sensitive to even mild uremia. It is also contributed to by a proliferative response of the host against the graft (which latter response is equated with an in vivo equivalent of a unilateral mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR)), since the reduction in spleen weights caused by abrogation of mobile passenger lymphocyte immunocompetence brought about by lethal donor X-irradiation is increased significantly by early postoperative severe but transient uremia. It is concluded that in uremic escape of renal allograft rejection both reactions are suppressed by uremia during the early postoperative period. Prolonged survival is brought about, since on the one hand suppression of the splenic GVH reaction abolishes its amplifying effect on the host response, and on the other hand suppression of the splenic MLR equivalent interferes with the generation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and enhances the generation of suppressor cells. PMID- 7029352 TI - Historical notes on breast cancer, with emphasis on The Netherlands. II. Pathophysiological concepts, diagnosis and therapy in the 18th century. PMID- 7029353 TI - [Hypnosis in general medicine]. AB - Organic pathologies with psychoaffective aetiology are numerous, and in all diseases, mental and rational elements are concomitant with the organic situation. Aware of the psycho-dynamic mechanisms he sets in motion by his actions and appreciating those underlying the symptomatology he has to deal with, the hypnologist transcends the overspecialisation of medical science to restore the patient's psycho-physical unitary reality. This explains both the possibilities of hypnositherapy in general medicine and its impassable limits. The hypnositherapy that the general practitioner can (and most implement must be perfected by a qualified psychotherapeutist when symptomatology cannot be eradicated without tackling the aetiological factor with a serious analysis of the profound. Hypnosis is, therefore, an extra therapeutic possibility for the physician and this is why it can only be used with science, awareness and on the basis of ethics. PMID- 7029354 TI - [Septic complications in subclavian vein catheterization]. AB - Authors have studied the incidence of septic complications due to subclavian vein catheterization, According to literature, have considered that this is generally connected to the operating ability. Septic contamination, though of high incidence, only exceptionally is reason of a septic clinical condition. PMID- 7029355 TI - [Fenquizone in the medium term treatment of essential hypertension. Double-blind comparison with chlorthalidone and placebo]. AB - In a double blind study, tolerability and antihypertensive effect of fenquizone were compared with those of chlorthalidone and placebo. In both mild and moderately severe essential hypertension, fenquizone and chlortalidone showed a significant antihypertensive effect; moreover, fenquizone lowered the clinostatic arterial diastolic pressure in a more gradual and continuous way. Differently from chlortalidone, fenquizone had no effects on blood levels of potassium and cholesterol. PMID- 7029356 TI - [Rereading and comments on the work "De Mulierum passionibus" by Trotula de Ruggiero. or Trocta salernitana]. PMID- 7029357 TI - Nutritional implications of parasitic infections. PMID- 7029358 TI - The insulin secretogogue action of non-metabolizable amino acids. PMID- 7029359 TI - Behavior analysis and experimental pharmacology. AB - This paper provides an introduction to the field of behavioral pharmacology. A brief description of the main characteristics of behavior analysis is followed by a review of the contributions of experimental pharmacology to behavior analysis and vice versa. Finally, a section on new procedures in behavioral pharmacology outlines experimental situations in which complex kinds of behavior can to studied. These include: (a) temporal discrimination; (b) preference to be free and informed; (c) commitment, choice and self-control; and (d) high-order concept formation. PMID- 7029360 TI - An analysis of drug-seeking behavior in animals. AB - This article reviews the literature on the behavioral aspects of opiate dependence. Available data on the variables affecting drug-maintained behavior are presented. These variables are: (a) reinforcement variables, including parameters such as delay, magnitude, rate and duration of the reinforcing stimulus; (b) antecedent conditions, such as deprivation and satiation; (c) organismic variables, such as genotype, species, sex and age; (d) current environmental contingencies, such as the schedule of reinforcement in effect, or extinction; and (e) such experiential variables as pharmacological and behavioral history of the organism. The review ends with a discussion of the implications of these variables for the treatment of drug abuse. PMID- 7029361 TI - Adjunctive polydipsia as a model of alcoholism. AB - Schedule-induced polydipsia or adjunctive drinking as been proposed as an animal model of alcoholism. Procedures employed to modify adjunctive drinking are reviewed here in order to evaluate their usefulness in the control of schedule induced alcohol consumption. The major procedures employed to alter adjunctive drinking are: (1) physiological, such as pre-loading the animal with water, desalivating the animal, or adding a sweet solution to the water; (2) pharmacological, such as evaluating the effects of amphetamines or other drugs on adjunctive drinking; and (3) behavioral, such as changing the inter-reinforcement interval length, making an alternative response available, or giving the animal the option to terminate an extinction period. Altering the palatability of alcohol and utilizing behavioral methods to control drinking appear to be the most promising lines of investigation employing this animal model of alcoholism. PMID- 7029362 TI - Extrapolation of two-factor learning theory of infrahuman avoidance behavior to psychopathology. AB - This paper involves a theoretical attempt to extend O. H. Mowrer's two-factor theory of infrahuman avoidance behavior to the area of human psychopathology, Central to any such theoretical extrapolation is the need to explain why human fears and avoidance behavior manifest such strong resistance to extinction while the abundance of infrahuman findings suggests that the extinction of such behaviors is rapid. The position is advanced that this noted paradox can be resolved both theoretically and empirically by modifying and extending the Solomon and Wynne conservation of anxiety hypothesis to include complex, serial ordered cues. The model presented also provides the rationale for an extinction approach to psychotherapy, referred to as implosive therapy which is briefly described. Supporting data for the model as well as alternative explanations are provided and discussed. PMID- 7029363 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis in childhood: case report and review. PMID- 7029364 TI - Econazole treatment of fungal infections: an open trial. PMID- 7029365 TI - The oldest practitioner in the united states. PMID- 7029366 TI - Genetics and genetic counselling in neonatal hydrocephalus. AB - In the majority of cases, neonatal hydrocephalus is a genetic disease. The obstetrician's role in antenatal diagnosis of this disease is important. It is essential to take an accurate family history and to perform autopsies on affected infants if successful genetic counselling is to be pursued. Every woman, at her first antenatal visit, should be asked if she had a positive family history of hydrocephalus. Advanced experience in sonography will make the detection of hydrocephalus possible before the 20th week of gestation. PMID- 7029367 TI - Disseminated pelvic Echinococcosis simulating ovarian carcinomatosis: case report and review of pelvic hydatid disease. AB - Pelvic pathology due to the parasite Echinococcus is infrequent in industrialized nations. It, however, may involve multiple organs and can mimic virtually any disease process. The parasitology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hydatid disease is reviewed with particular emphasis on pelvic hydatid disease. PMID- 7029368 TI - Complete and partial uterine perforation and embedding following insertion of intrauterine devices. I. Classification, complications, mechanism, incidence, and missing string. PMID- 7029369 TI - Efficacy of mefenamic acid in patients with a complaint of menorrhagia. AB - Sixty-nine patients with a convincing history of menorrhagia completed a 4-cycle double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial of mefenamic acid taken during menstruation. Only 30 of these patients demonstrated objective menorrhagia with a measured menstrual loss greater than 80 ml during the placebo cycles, but the remainder reported passing clots and/or using 2 pads at a time. Fourteen of these women (20%) had a loss of less than 35 ml while taking placebos. This raises serious questions about the establishment of menorrhagia based on history alone. Overall, there was a mean reduction of 28.1% in menstrual blood loss between placebo and mefenamic acid cycles (P less than .001). The greatest reduction recorded was 80%, and most of the large percentage reductions were seen in patients with high loss during placebo cycles. Significant reductions in blood loss (P less than .001) were seen in patients with ovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding and menorrhagia that developed after tubal interruption. There was also an indication based on small sample sizes that mefenamic acid reduced blood loss in women with anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding, fibroids, intrauterine devices, and von Willebrand disease. No reduction was seen during the mefenamic acid cycle in the group with a loss of less than 35 ml during the placebo cycle. There was a significant shortening of duration of bleeding (P less than .003). Fifteen patients (21.7%) experienced no objective reduction in blood loss. PMID- 7029370 TI - Cervical ripening with combinations of vaginal prostaglandin F2-alpha estradiol, and relaxin. AB - The first of a 2-part trial consisted of a double-blind randomized pilot study in which 4 groups of 10 patients near term received 1 of the following hormonal combinations in a vaginal gel 15 hours before surgical induction of labor: 1) prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and relaxin; 2) relaxin and estradiol; 3) estradiol and PGF2 alpha; and 4) relaxin, estradiol, and PGF2 alpha. In each group the mean cervical score improved after treatment; the relaxin/PGF2 alpha combination was associated with the greatest improvement in cervical score (4.8). The highest incidence of subsequent labor was also seen in the relaxin/PGF2 alpha group (40%). However, with the exception of the latter group, the clinical effects of these hormonal combinations were neither greater nor smaller than the previously published effects of these hormones used individually in similar circumstances. The second part of the study further explored the possibility of an additive effect of relaxin and PGF2 alpha in combination as suggested by the pilot study, and an additional 40 patients were given this combination. Analysis of these larger numbers showed no additive effect when these hormones were used in combination compared with when they were used individually. Thus, in the circumstances described, there is no clinical advantage to the concurrent administration of any combination of relaxin, PGF2 alpha and estradiol with regard to cervical ripening and/or the initiation of parturition. PMID- 7029371 TI - Foreign body reaction to the intraperitoneal use of Avitene. PMID- 7029372 TI - [Fixation of wound margins in penetrating eye injuries]. PMID- 7029373 TI - [Use of MK-KAN glue in penetrating corneal injuries]. PMID- 7029374 TI - [Suture technic variants in penetrating corneal injuries]. PMID- 7029375 TI - [Effectiveness of combined operations in severe retinal detachment]. PMID- 7029376 TI - [State of the posterior epithelium of the cryopreserved and native cornea after partial penetrating keratoplasty]. PMID- 7029377 TI - [The need for orbital surgery in the 1st few hours after injury]. PMID- 7029378 TI - [Biological rhythms in the function of the visual analyzer]. PMID- 7029379 TI - [Correction of paralytic lagophthalmos in patients with anophthalmos]. PMID- 7029380 TI - [New method of partial transplantation of the iris]. PMID- 7029381 TI - [Tobacco condensate exposure and occupational history in female lung cancer patients]. AB - In a retrospective case-control study on female lung cancer 130 (65%) of 200 cases suffered from a tumor group Kreyberg I and 70 (35%) from a Kreyberg II tumor. Significantly more Kreyberg I cases (75%) than controls (22%) were smokers as well as significantly more Kreyberg I than Kreyberg II cases (29%). There was no difference in the proportion of ex-smokers, but the duration of nonsmoking was significantly shorter in Kreyberg I cases (4 years) than in controls (12 years) and in Kreyberg II cases (9 years). Patients with Kreyberg I (88%) and Kreyberg II (90%) tumors preferred significantly more often high-tar group III (greater than 24 mg/cigarette) cigarettes than controls (63%). Patients with a Kreyberg I tumor differ significantly from controls by longer smoking careers (40 years) and higher daily consumption of group III (18/day) and group I (18/day) cigarettes. Patients with a Kreyberg II tumor had a significant higher consumption (20/day) of group I cigarettes than controls. Female lung cancer patients (74%) more often than controls (64%) reported occupations other than housewives. There were no other significant differences in the occupational patterns between patients and controls. PMID- 7029382 TI - [Non-Hodgkin lymphoma with gastrointestinal manifestations]. AB - The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most frequent places of manifestation of an extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We have collected the dates of 27 patients- 14 men and 13 women--with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract. The age of the patients varied widely, the 7th decade being the most represented one. The stomach was the most frequent place of manifestation. In 2 cases the lymphoma spread over the whole gastrointestinal tract. At the time of diagnosis 12 patients had already reached stage IV. The histologic examination according to the Kiel-classification showed 11 lymphomas of low malignancy and 6 lymphomas of high malignancy. The prognosis was essentially determined by the stage, less by the histologic type of the lymphoma. Finally the possibilities of therapy are discussed. PMID- 7029383 TI - [Clinical studies and immunology in acute myeloid leukemia during chemo immunotherapy]. AB - 14 patients with acute myeloid leukemia were treated with intermittent chemo immunotherapy for maintenance of remission. At monthly intervals, they received 5 days of cytosine-arabinoside alternately combined with adriamycin or thioguanine or cyclophosphamide or CCNU. Two weeks later, 2 x 10(9) unirradiated allogenic blasts mixed with 5-50 units neuraminidase/ml were injected intradermally. Half the patients who had had many unfavourable prognostic factors at the time of diagnosis relapsed within 15 months (average duration of 1st remission 8 months). This result is comparable with the (past) results of chemotherapy alone. Seven of the patients still in first remission have at present reached an average remission duration of 17 months. Regular variations in the blood cell counts, which depended on chemo- as well as immunotherapy, were observed during the course of remission but not shortly before relapse. The extent to which peripheral lymphocytes could be stimulated varied noticeably from one patient to another and mostly increased with the progress of remission; however, to date no correlation to the clinical course was evident. PMID- 7029384 TI - [Prognostic factors in metastasizing melanoma]. AB - This paper evaluates the prognostic significance of various clinical parameters applied to 133 patients with advanced malignant melanoma, who were treated in two successive studies by the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK). All patients received poly chemotherapy. In the second study half of the cases were also randomly allocated to an additional unspecific immunotherapy with MER. The results of the combined chemo-immunotherapy are inferior to those achieved with chemotherapy alone. Patients achieving a partial remission live significantly longer than patients with a progressive disease. Further factors of significant prognostic importance are: the performance status, the sites of metastases, the localization of the primary tumor, and the sex. Based on the data, we propose new parameters for the stratification of patients in future Phase II and Phase III trials. PMID- 7029385 TI - [Value of beta-HCG blood levels in patients with malignant tumors of the testis]. AB - In 24 of 43 patients (56%) with malignant germ cell tumors of the testis, the serum was positive for HCG prior to ablation of the testis. We give a detailed account of the course of HCG levels in the serum of 7 patients with seminoma of the testis. Positive serum-HCG-findings 8 to 10 days after semi-castration and prior to retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy indicate tumor metastases. In two thirds of our patients, we observed a correlation between regression of metastases under chemotherapy and the pattern of serum-HCG-levels. PMID- 7029386 TI - Corneal decompensation in Chandler's syndrome. Clinical, histopathologic and ultrastructural study. PMID- 7029387 TI - Fitting of the dermis-fat grafted socket. AB - Anophthalmic orbits that reject conventional implants may accept the dermis-fat graft. The subsequent fitting of such a socket differs in many important ways from the fitting of sockets containing conventional implants. Before surgery, the ocularist should construct a custom-made scleral ring to be inserted after the operation. This replaces the standard conformer that can erode the underlying dermis. The socket must be observed carefully for any evidence of damage to the conjunctiva-dermis suture line by the ring, and the latter modified or replaced as necessary. Granulation tissue forming around the sutures uniting conjunctiva and dermis may have to be resected and cauterized. Impression molding of an artificial eye is performed five weeks after surgery. The artificial eye always requires modifications over the first six months as the graft recedes due to partial atrophy of the fat of the graft, thus deepening the socket. PMID- 7029388 TI - Incidence of aphakic cystoid macular edema with the use of topical indomethacin. AB - A prospective, controlled study utilizing topical 1% aqueous indomethacin was employed in an attempt to determine the incidence of aphakic cystoid macular edema (ACME) following cataract surgery. The incidence of ACME in the indomethacin-treated group was significantly less than in the control group five weeks after cataract surgery (36% vs 18%; P less than 0.02). There was no significant difference in the two groups ten weeks after surgery when studied by fluorescein angiography (34.6% vs 21%; P less than 0.10). The biochemical and pharmacological rationale for the use of the antiprostaglandin indomethacin in the management of ACME was reviewed. This revealed sufficient experimental and clinical evidence for continued research in the area of prostaglandin inhibitors for the possible prevention or treatment of this disorder. PMID- 7029389 TI - Muscle tendon release and transposition for enhancement of mandibular denture stability. PMID- 7029390 TI - [Centenary of the discovery of local anesthesia]. PMID- 7029391 TI - [60th anniversary of the founding of the Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Military Field Surgery of the Kharkov Medical Institute]. PMID- 7029392 TI - [Fasciitis necrotisans]. PMID- 7029393 TI - [R. Th. H. Laennec: father of auscultation, on the 200th anniversary of his birth]. PMID- 7029394 TI - [Hungarian anthropology is 100 years old]. PMID- 7029395 TI - [Incidence of retrolental fibroplasia in low birth weight infants receiving oxygen therapy]. PMID- 7029396 TI - [Surgical management of pulmonary embolism, caused by a foreign body, under extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 7029397 TI - [Geza Hetenyi: through the eyes of a disciple]. PMID- 7029398 TI - [Ferenc Medgyessy, born 100 years ago]. PMID- 7029399 TI - [Physiology in the early issues of the Orvosi Hetilap]. PMID- 7029400 TI - [Ferenc Toldy, the physician]. PMID- 7029401 TI - [Dr. Bela Trocsanyi (1880-1963)]. PMID- 7029402 TI - [Immunologic studies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Prognostic value of the studies]. PMID- 7029403 TI - [Jozsef Kudasz (1904-1981)]. PMID- 7029404 TI - [Janos Zsamboky, 1531-1584]. PMID- 7029405 TI - [The diseases of Babits preceding his tracheotomy]. PMID- 7029406 TI - Anesthesia in otolaryngology: historical overview. PMID- 7029407 TI - General anesthetic agents (what every surgeon should know about anesthesia, but has been afraid to ask). PMID- 7029408 TI - Neuromuscular blocking drugs. PMID- 7029409 TI - Local anesthetics: action, metabolism, and toxicity. PMID- 7029410 TI - The clinical use of cocaine. AB - Cocaine is an extremely useful drug for various otolaryngologic procedures, and as an anesthetic it is unrivaled for vasoconstriction and decongestion. Its use should not be restricted any more than any other controlled drug. In the majority of procedures 200 to 300 mg. of cocaine is sufficient to obtain adequate anesthesia, decongestion, and vasoconstriction. In cases in which this amount may be less than adequate, injections of lidocaine with epinephrine can be used to supplement the anesthetic action of cocaine. It is difficult to imagine a case requiring 1000 mg. of cocaine as some physicians have reported in the past. To prevent mistaken injections of cocaine solutions, we recommend that they be colored by the pharmacy. To prevent overdosing we recommend starting with a known amount and not exceeding this total dose. We have chosen 200 to 300 mg. as our total dose for most adult procedures. Some pharmacies prepare 250 mg. of cocaine base in saline for those who prefer a cocaine "slush"; this, too, would be acceptable. PMID- 7029411 TI - Pediatric anesthesia. PMID- 7029412 TI - Preoperative evaluation. PMID- 7029413 TI - Special anesthetic techniques in head and neck surgery. PMID- 7029414 TI - Drug interactions and drug reactions. PMID- 7029415 TI - Control of pain in the head and neck. AB - The patient with head or neck pain should be managed primarily with medication that will adequately prevent, rather than relieve, pain. The terminal patient should receive medication to which he will not develop tolerance and that will permit him to function in his normal environment. Although nerve blocks are not a panacea for all pain syndromes, in carefully selected subjects, chemical interruption of nerve pathways can provide significant relief for chronic pain sufferers. PMID- 7029416 TI - Special equipment in the operating room for otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. PMID- 7029417 TI - Anesthesia for endoscopic diagnosis and surgery. PMID- 7029418 TI - Anesthesia in otologic surgery. PMID- 7029419 TI - Anesthesia and pediatric endoscopy: the surgeon's view. PMID- 7029420 TI - Anesthesia for the elderly and debilitated patient. PMID- 7029421 TI - Physiologic basis and rationale for pulmonary function testing in patients undergoing head and neck surgery. PMID- 7029422 TI - General principles of airway management. PMID- 7029423 TI - Age-associated changes of responses to acetylsalicylic acid. AB - Aspirin can be an effective antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent, but unfortunately, its use in the elderly is often excessive [43]. In a survey by Gillies and Skyring, the overall prevalence of daily aspirin intake was greater in middle-age and older-age groups than for those of less than 40 years of age [16]. The elderly are susceptible to the advertising of non-prescription drugs and aspirin is frequently self-prescribed [8,31]. Age-related physiological changes modify the response to aspirin in the elderly. A higher incidence of drug reactions and interactions has been evidenced in this age group. The cases cited throughout this report substantiate the need for caution on the part of the geriatric patient and the physician in regard to aspirin therapy for the elderly. PMID- 7029424 TI - [Searching brain protective drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029425 TI - [A simple hemolytic plate method for complement activity estimation (author's transl)]. AB - The previous single radial haemolysis method is simplified for complement activity assay in human serums. The proceeding a "one point" test is described. This new technique is remarkable by its simplicity and rapidity. A study of the precision shows tha possibility of to make use of this simple "one point" hemolytic plate method. PMID- 7029426 TI - Quantitation of C2 by rocket immunoelectrophoresis in 120 pathological sera. AB - A potent monospecific anti-C2 was used for quantitation of serum C2 by rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIE). This ready procedure was compared to the one-step hemolytic titration utilizing C2-deficient human serum. RIE detected 4 nanograms C2 in 5 microliters samples. Using highly purified C2 as a reference, C2 concentration in pooled normal human sera was estimated around 50 micrograms/ml by both test systems. The reliability of RIE was assessed when immunochemical and hemolytic determinations were comparatively performed in 120 pathological sera. The correlation coefficient was significant (r = 0.69) and only 8 sera were found outside the expected range, exhibiting an abnormally high C2 protein. They were obtained from 6 patients with cryoglobulinemia associated connective tissue disease and 2 with acute glomerulonephritis. These occasional findings suggested the possibility of an activation of C2 hemolytic activity without simultaneous loss of C2 protein. In 16 sera of individuals with familial C2 deficiency (r = 0.83) and 29 sera of patients with angioneurotic edema (r = 0.72), RIE provided an extremely simple and reliable alternative to the time consuming hemolytic titration of C2. PMID- 7029427 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of serum digoxin levels. Technical aspects (author's transl)]. AB - This work analyses, in a first part, radioimmunoassay of serum digoxin levels in more than 4 500 patients during a period of 4 years using the same kit. A preliminary step of this work was to test the kits available 4 years ago i.e a kit using (3H) digoxin and 3 kits using (125I) digoxin. Results about this choice are summarized. The (3H) kit was finally chosen. It was used with slight modifications of the original protocol. This kit was as sensitive as 0.25 ng/ml and was specific for digoxin and its related derivatives. The reproducibility agrees with results in literature. Serum digoxin levels were assayed in the same samples, both with the (3H) kit and (125I) kits. Under these conditions, a lower average value was found with the former system. This result points out that the labelling protocol of the digoxin can modify the apparent normal therapeutic value observed when radioimmunoassay is done with different kits. PMID- 7029428 TI - [Comparison of two methods of evaluation of gentamicin in man : bioassay and enzyme immunoassay (author's transl)]. AB - This study compares two methods of gentamicin determination in blood : bioassay and enzyme immunoassay. Results for 145 patients serums showed a correlation coefficient of 0,895 between the two methods. The accuracy and reproducibility were tested on 10 known samples. Each sample was titrated 10 times. Values obtained and real values are near between 0 and 5 mcg/ml and significantly move away between 6 and 10 mcg/ml by the two methods. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed for each method. PMID- 7029429 TI - [Erythrocyte filtrability and cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029430 TI - [Schmidt's syndrome. Interrelationships between thyroid hormones and cortisol (author's transl)]. AB - An hypothyroidism is discovered. Secondary, a primary adrenal insufficiency is proved. Therefore, we can affirm the Schmidt's syndrome. The anti-adrenal and anti-thyroid antibodies are positive; when the glucocorticoid treatment is begun, the dose of thyroxine treatment must be decreased. That point allows us to discuss the interrelationships between thyroid and adrenals. PMID- 7029431 TI - [In vitro fertilization and embryo transfers in non human primates (author's transl)]. AB - In vitro fertilization and embryo transfers have been considered recently as a potential therapeutic approach for infertile women having irreparable tubal failure. This procedure includes aspiration of the preovulatory follicle for oocyte recovery, in vitro fertilization using capacitated sperm, embryo development in culture, and ultimately embryo transfer into the uterine lumen. Despite the increasing number of attempts in humans by recently formed medical teams in several countries, the overall results are very limited and the reasons for so many failures are not clearly identified. In the present paper are reviewed the results obtained in the development of an experimental model among non human primates. It is likely that only the detailed analysis of each step of the procedure, using this model, will clarify some of the problems encountered, and allow for improvements of further attempts in humans. PMID- 7029432 TI - [A rapid technique for extraction of urinary 17-keto and 17-hydroxy corticosteroids by chromatography (author's transl)]. AB - The extraction ot total urinary 17-keto and 17-hydroxy steroids has been effected by a rapid procedure involving pre-packed kieselguhr column chromatography. This work successively studies the correlation of this technique with the classical extraction by mechanical agitation (42 and 61 subjects), its reproducibility, repeatability and recovery of added internal standards. The proposed method seems convenient for routine clinical analysis. PMID- 7029433 TI - The development of glomerular crescents in sheep. AB - Renal allografts were transplanted into 10 sheep with pre-existing experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis. Serial biopsy samples were examined by light, electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. Sections were stained with naphthyl acetate to demonstrate non-specific esterase activity. Host antiglomerular basement membrane antibody was demonstrated in graft glomeruli only 30 min after transplantation, at which time up to 40% of glomeruli contained many intracapillary neutrophils. Three d after transplantation gaps in the glomerular basement membrane were evident and the urinary spaces contained polymorphonuclear leucocytes, red blood cells, large amounts of fibrin and occasional mononuclear leucocytes. These mononuclear cells had increased greatly in number by the 6th d and most contained phagocytic vacuoles. From the 7th to the 10th d the incidence of glomerular crescents increased to involve 80% of glomeruli, and the majority of cells within crescents showed phagocytic vacuoles. The number of cells exhibiting non-specific esterase activity increased markedly during the post operative period and most were located within the urinary spaces. These results suggest that the majority of cells in the glomerular crescents were macrophages which were probably derived from blood monocytes. PMID- 7029434 TI - Intestine-associated antigens in ovarian tumours: an immunohistological study. AB - The presence of 3 intestine-associated antigens, small intestine mucin antigen (SIMA), large intestine mucin antigen (LIMA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was studied in the female genital tract and ovarian tumours by immunofluorescence. These antigens could not be detected in normal ovary, benign cysts of ovary, fallopian tube or endometrium, but both LIMA and CEA were present in endocervical glandular tissue. The antigenic cross-reactivity of endocervical and large bowel mucin may indicate a close embryological relationship between these organs during the cloacogenic stage. The 3 antigens could be demonstrated in mucinous tumours of the ovary but were absent in serous or mesonephroid tumours. In one of the 2 endometroid tumours CEA was the only detectable antigen. These observations confirm the presence of intestinal type of epithelium in cystic mucinous tumours of the ovary and explain the cross-reactivity of mucin of benign tumours of the ovary and mucin from colonic cancer, normal colonic mucosa and gastric mucosa as reported by earlier workers. In the process of malignant transformation the columnar epithelium of ovarian cystadenoma seems to behave in the same way as superficial gastric and gall bladder epithelium by forming inappropriate intestine-associated mucin substances. Our technique may provide a specific means for studies on the histogenesis of female genital tract tumours, particularly ovarian tumours. It can also be used in differentiating between benign and malignant variants of these tumours. PMID- 7029435 TI - Demonstration of human antibodies to Pseudomonas pseudomallei by indirect fluorescent antibody staining. AB - A rapid, reliable immunofluorescent assay for human antibodies to Pseudomonas pseudomallei was devised. The method was found to be sensitive and specific by inhibition tests and by tests for cross reactivity with antisera and cells of closely related pseudomonads other than Pseudomonas mallei. Preliminary studies suggest that the technique may be useful as a screening test for the detection of melioidosis and that demonstration of specific IgM by immunofluorescence may be of value in differentiating active from inactive infection. PMID- 7029436 TI - [Effect of alpha-adrenoblockaders on blood glucose and insulin levels in experimental hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 7029437 TI - [Current concepts of the mechanism of the local Shwartzman phenomenon]. PMID- 7029438 TI - [Heterotopic heart transplantation with simultaneous implantation of the transducer of an electromagnetic flowmeter to monitor cardiac output and coronary flow]. PMID- 7029439 TI - Skeletal lesions in Hodgkin's disease. Review of literature and case reports. AB - Skeletal lesions in Hodgkin's disease can be due to different underlying causes. Reports on bone changes in Hodgkin's disease are reviewed and compared with two of our patients. The first patient, a fourteen year old girl with Hodgkin's disease, staged IV B, had skeletal involvement at the time of diagnosis. The other patient developed, three and a half years after the onset of the disease, bone lesions which might have been thought to be a manifestation of Hodgkin's disease. But by bacteriologic and histologic studies salmonella osteomyelitis could be proven. PMID- 7029440 TI - Presentation of the Howland Award to Dr. Saul Krugman. PMID- 7029441 TI - Increased 125I-insulin receptor binding to erythrocytes of hypoglycemic infants and children. AB - The measurement of 125I-insulin specific binding to erythrocytes obtained from seven infants and children with various hypoglycemic syndromes showed a significant increase in six patients with recurrent, documented, symptomatic hypoglycemia (percent specific 125I-insulin binding 9 to 14 versus 6.1 +/- 1.4% mean +/- 2 S.D. for 13 controls). The increase was due to an increased number of receptors sites per cell rather than to increased affinity for insulin. The patients included three children with nesidioblastosis, all after 90% pancreatectomy, two with leucine sensitivity, and two with glycogen storage disease type I. One of the patients with leucine sensitivity, who for 2 years before the study had no hypoglycemia, had normal insulin values (less than 10 microunits/ml). Thus, a symptomatic hypoglycemia correlated better with increased 125I-insulin binding than with plasma insulin values. Furthermore, Diazoxide therapy in two patients caused a mild but consistent decrease in the number of insulin receptor sites, and the institution of continuous nocturnal nasogastric feedings in a patient with glycogen storage disease type I was followed by amelioration of the hypoglycemia and a marked increase in 125I-insulin specific binding from 5.2 to 9.5%. PMID- 7029442 TI - Hyperviscosity in the newborn lamb produces pertubation in glucose homeostasis. AB - We studied the effect of hyperviscosity on plasma glucose concentration, endogenous glucose production, and plasma insulin concentration in 12 term mixed breed newborn lambs. After a 7-hr fast, 0.45% saline was infused at a constant rate for 6 hr during which time hourly plasma glucose and 3-hourly plasma insulin concentrations were determined. A glucose turnover determination by the prime constant infusion technique using 3H6 radiolabeled glucose was performed at a steady state. An exchange transfusion was then carried out using maternal packed red blood cells in six lambs to produce hyperviscosity and using maternal whole blood in six other lambs to maintain normoviscosity. After the exchange transfusion, a second study identical to that in the pre-exchange period was carried out. There was no significant difference in the mean plasma glucose concentration (mg/dl; mean +/- S.E.) between groups during the first turnover period (pre-exchange transfusion) [103 +/- 4.9 (normoviscous) versus 96 +/- 4.8 (Hyperviscous)], but during the postexchange transfusion turnover period, the plasma glucose concentration was lower in the hyperviscous than in the normoviscous group [89 +/- 4.3 (Normoviscous) versus 76 +/- 4.0 (Hyperviscous)] (P less than 0.05.) Endogenous glucose production declined from the first to the second glucose turnover determination in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the normoviscous and hyperviscous groups. Plasma insulin concentrations were similarly low in both groups suggesting suppression in the fasted state. The data suggest that the hyperviscosity acts as an independent variable to depress plasma glucose concentration, the mechanism of which is still undefined. PMID- 7029443 TI - Amniotic fluid concentrations of renin and aldosterone during development in the fetal sheep. AB - Simultaneous plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels were measured in the chronically catheterized fetal lamb and pregnant ewe between 100 days gestation and term (140 to 150 days). Amniotic fluid renin levels were not statistically different after the addition of sheep renin substrate [0.76 +/- 0.18 ng/ml/hr (mean and S.E.) under 120 days and 1.33 +/- 0.29 after 125 days]. Amniotic fluid renin levels were unmeasurable without the addition of renin substrate. Basal plasma renin activity levels increased from 4.27 +/- 0.66 ng/ml/hr (P less than 0.01) (mean and S.E.) between 95 to 120 days of gestation in the fetal lamb to 10.14 +/- 1.46 between 125 to 150 days; these levels were greater than the amniotic fluid levels (P less than 0.001). Basal plasma renin activity levels in the pregnant ewe increased from 2.61 +/- 0.40 ng/ml/hr under 120 days of gestation to 7.13 +/- 1.41 (P less than 0.01) after 125 days; these levels were greater than the simultaneous amniotic fluid levels (P less than 0.001). The basal amniotic fluid, fetal, and maternal aldosterone levels of 5.0 +/- 0.53, and 5.83 +/- 0.76 ng/dl (mean and S.E.) increased to 8.97 +/- 0.86, 6.67 +/- 1.21, and 12.28 +/- 2.87 ng/dl, respectively, (P less than 0.05). Neither the fetal nor the maternal levels were statistically different from the amniotic fluid aldosterone levels during development. These data suggest that active renin and renin substrate pass poorly into the amniotic fluid; however, aldosterone from both the fetus and mother pass easily and contribute to the level of this steroid in amniotic fluid. PMID- 7029444 TI - Primary hyperinsulinemia reduces surface active material flux in tracheal fluid of fetal lambs. AB - We sought to test the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia per se alters the flux of surface active material (SAM) into tracheal fluid by continuously infusing insulin (0.24 +/- 0.04 units/kg/hr, mean +/- S.E.) from 112 through 135 days gestation into five chronically catheterised fetal lambs, from which tracheal fluid could be collected. Serum insulin levels in these fetuses (95 +/- 10 microunits/ml) were greater than in five chronically catheterised control fetuses of the same gestational age (10 +/- 1 microunits/ml, P less than 0.001) and in the mothers (38 +/- 6 microunits/ml, P less than 0.001). Serum glucose levels in the insulin-treated fetuses (10 +/- 1 mg/dl) were lower than in the control fetuses (19 +/- 1 mg/dl, P less than 0.001) and in the mothers (60 +/- 3 mg/dl, P less than 0.001). Arterial blood gases (pH 7.37 +/- 0.01, PO2 23.3 +/- 0.05 mm Hg, PCO2 41.5 +/- 0.9 mm Hg) and hematocrit (33 + 1% at 127 days gestation and 31 +/- 1% at 135 days gestation) in the insulin treated fetuses were not different from the controls. SAM flux into the tracheal fluid of the insulin-treated fetuses was 1 microgram/kg/hr, coefficient of variation 373%. This was lower than SAM flux in the control fetuses (26 micrograms/kg/hr, coefficient of variation 28%, P less than 0.01). Moreover, among the control fetuses, SAM began to appear in tracheal fluid at 119 days gestation and was present in all five fetuses by 125 days gestation, whereas SAM did not begin to appear in the insulin-treated fetuses until 127 days gestation and did not appear at all in three of them. PMID- 7029445 TI - [Guido Fanconi (1892-1979)]. PMID- 7029446 TI - [Value of serological studies in the diagnosis of bacterial renal infections in children]. PMID- 7029447 TI - [Teratoid tumor of the sacrococcygeal region in children]. PMID- 7029448 TI - [Shigella appendicitis in young children]. PMID- 7029449 TI - [Hemostasis in newborn infants]. PMID- 7029450 TI - [Various problems of bile acid metabolism in the age aspect (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7029452 TI - [Literature retrieval with the aid of computers]. PMID- 7029451 TI - [Use of ADP in the health services - historical progress in Denmark]. PMID- 7029453 TI - [Are immunological studies of periodontitis of clinical value?]. PMID- 7029454 TI - [Trials - results - conclusions. Duraphat - Fluor Protector]. PMID- 7029455 TI - [In vitro culture of Plasmodium falciparum, a new contribution to the antimalaria campaign]. PMID- 7029456 TI - [Influence of metabolic control on peripheral diabetic neuropathy (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of metabolic control on peripheral neuropathy was studied in a population of adult insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Motor conduction velocity (MCV), measured on the common peroneal nerve, was used as electrophysiological index of neuropathy. Following control of hyperglycaemia, rapid and significant improvement in MCV was observed in diabetics without renal or ocular complications, but not in diabetics presenting with these complications. This would suggest that peripheral diabetic neuropathy is governed by two different mechanisms and that one of these is metabolic, as it can be reversed by reinstating glucide balance. PMID- 7029457 TI - [Plasmodium falciparum malaria resistant to polychemotherapy. Usefulness of pathogen culture (author's transl)]. AB - In a patients with P. falciparum malaria contracted in Thailand, the course of the disease under treatment suggested resistance to both chloroquine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine, as well as reduced sensitivity to quinine. This was confirmed by in vitro tests on continuous culture of the strain. Therapeutic success was obtained with a quinine-cycline combination. The problems raised by the emergence of P. Falciparum strains resistant to polychemotherapy are emphasized. PMID- 7029458 TI - [Non-ketotic hyperglycaemic coma with diabetic lipaemia and hyponatraemia (author's transl)]. AB - A 68-year old male patients without personal or family history of diabetes mellitus developed diabetic lipaemia with severe hyponatraemia and became deeply comatose. The low blood sodium level (110 mmol/l) was consecutive to hyperglycaemia (45 mmol/l), hyperlipaemia (65 g/l) and true sodium depletion. This rare form of type V hyperlipidaemia is attributed to deficiency of heparin activated lipoprotein lipase; it rapidly responds to insulin therapy. Hyponatraemia is a prominent feature of the syndrome, but it is partly due to blood dilution resulting from hyperglycaemia and therefore fictitious. For accurate measurement of sodium depletion blood sodium levels must be adjusted taking into account blood lipoprotein and glucose levels. PMID- 7029459 TI - [Prolonged fevers of unknown origin (author's transl]. PMID- 7029460 TI - [Salmonella enteritidis arthritis in an HLA-B27 patient]. PMID- 7029461 TI - [Early jaundice after orthotopic liver transplantation. The role of ischaemia (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this experimental study was to identify the cause of early cholestatic jaundice occurring after orthotopic liver transplantation. The role of ischaemia was investigated in dogs undergoing auto-transplantation of the liver preserved for two hours. The animals developed early cholestasis with lesions that were markedly different from the graft-rejection lesions observed in a control group, being restricted to the cells and canaliculi of the central lobular area. The results of this work have made it possible to avoid overdosage with immunosuppressive drugs in a patient who had recently undergone orthotopic liver transplantation. PMID- 7029462 TI - Selective in vitro transcription by purified yeast RNA polymerase II on cloned 2 micron DNA. AB - The in vitro transcription properties of purified yeast RNA polymerase II have been analyzed on prokaryotic plasmids (pBR322 and pBR313) and chimaeric plasmids bearing yeast 2 micron sequences (BTYP 1, BTYH 2 and BTYH 3). Conditions for selective transcription of the 2 micron DNA sequences in chimaeric plasmids have been determined. pBR322 and pBR313 are not transcribed by the purified RNA polymerase II when not bearing eukaryotic inserts. We show that the agarose gel electrophoretic analysis of ternary transcription complexes allows the localization of nascent RNA chains. The RNA produced has been visualized by electron microscopy (nascent RNA hybridization loops) and by gel electrophoretic analysis. All the observed properties are shared by RNA polymerase II purified by a conventional method (1) and by a rapid alternative procedure described herein. The peculiar properties of a partially purified form of RNA polymerase II are reported. PMID- 7029463 TI - Sequences at the 3' ends of yeast viral dsRNAs: proposed transcriptase and replicase initiation sites. AB - ScV is a double-stranded RNA virus of yeast consisting of two separately encapsidated dsRNAs (L and M). ScV-1 and ScV-2 are two dsRNA viruses present in two different yeast killer strains, K1 and K2. Our 3' end sequence analysis shows that the two sets of viral dsRNAs from ScV-1 and ScV-2 are very similar. Consensus sequences for transcriptase and replicase initiation are proposed. A stem and loop structure with a 3' terminal AUGC sequence, like that of several plant virus plus strand RNAs, is present at the putative replicase initiation site of one of the yeast viral RNA plus strands. PMID- 7029464 TI - Genetic recombination: recA protein promotes homologous pairing between duplex DNA molecules without strand unwinding. AB - The recA protein of Escherichia coli promotes pairing in vitro between covalent circular duplex DNA and homologous circular duplex DNA containing a single stranded region. We have used a filter binding assay to investigate the frequency of homologous pairing between gapped and intact duplex DNA when unwinding of the free 3' and 5' ends of the gapped molecules was blocked. In order to obtain DNA without free ends, the gapped DNA was treated with trimethylpsoralen and 360 nm light so as to introduce about 6 crosslinks per DNA molecule and the double stranded regions on either side of the gaps were then digested up to the first crosslinks with exonuclease III and lambda exonuclease. This treatment did not diminish the frequency of homologous pairing, an observation which is difficult to reconcile with models for recombination requiring strand unwinding before pairing. PMID- 7029465 TI - Destabilization of secondary structure in 16S ribosomal RNA by dimethylation of two adjacent adenosines. AB - Fragments comprising the 49 nucleotides from the 3'-end have been purified from 16S ribosomal RNA of wild-type Escherichia coli and from a kasugamycin-resistant mutant that specifically lacks dimethylation of two adjacent adenines near the 3' terminus. These fragments, obtained after treatment of ribosomes in vitro with the bacteriocin cloacin DF13, were used to study the effect of the methyl groups on the temperature dependent unfolding of double-stranded regions. Both fragments contain at least 3 independent melting transitions, of which the one with the highest Tm corresponds with the unfolding of a nine-basepair long central hairpin. Dimethylation of the adenines in the loop of this hairpin lowers the melting temperature (Tm) by approximately 2 degrees C at 0.2 M NaCl and by about 5 degrees C at 0.15 M NaCl. It is suggested that m6(2)Am6(2)A is more antagonistic to loop formation that ApA and that the function of the methyl groups is to help to destabilize the 3'-terminal hairpin in 16S rRNA in order to facilitate intermolecular interactions. PMID- 7029466 TI - Use of a synthetic DNA oligonucleotide to probe the precision of RNA splicing in a yeast mitochondrial petite mutant. AB - In some strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae the mitochondrial gene coding for 21S rRNA is interrupted by an intron of 1143 bp. This intron contains a reading frame for 235 amino acids: Unassigned Reading Frame (URF). In order to check whether expression of this URF is required for proper splicing of precursors to 21S rRNA, the precision of RNA splicing was analysed in a petite mutant, where no mitochondrial protein synthesis is possible anymore. We have devised a new assay to monitor the precision of the splicing event. The method is of general application, provided that the sequence of the splice boundaries is known. In the case of the 21S rRNA it involves the synthesis of the DNA oligonucleotide d(CGATCCCTATTGTC( complementary to the 5' d(CGATCCCTAT) and 3' d(TGTC) borders flanking the intron in the 21S rRNA gene. The oligonucleotide is labelled with 32p at the 5'-end, hybridised to RNA and subsequently subjected to digestion with S1 nuclease. Resistance to digestion will only be observed if the correct splice junction is made. The petite mutant we have studied contains a 21S rRNA with the same migration behaviour as wildtype 21S rRNA. In RNA blotting experiments, using an intron specific hybridisation probe, the same intermediates in splicing are found both in wild type and petite mutant. Finally the synthetic oligonucleotide hybridises to petite 21S rRNA and its thermal dissociation behaviour is indistinguishable from a hybrid formed with wildtype 21S rRNA. We conclude that expression of the URF, present in the intron of the 21S rRNA gene, is not required for processing and correct splicing of 21S ribosomal precursor RNA. PMID- 7029467 TI - Identification of modified nucleosides in intact transfer ribonucleic acid by pyrolysis-electron impact-collisional activation mass spectrometry. AB - A novel mass spectrometric method has been developed for the detection and identification of dihydrouridine, ribothymidine, 4-thiouridine, and 7 methylguanosine in Escherichia coli tRNAs. The method utilizes (a) Pyrolysis Electron Impact-Mass Spectrometry (PYEIMS), a procedure which releases the purine and pyrimidine bases from the intact, underivatized tRNA molecule. The mass spectrum exhibits intense peaks for the bases deriving from the common nucleosides in tRNA as well as peaks of much lower intensity at mass values expected for the bases from modified components known to be present in the tRNA; and, (b) Collisional Activation Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), a technique which permits the isolation of a single ion species from a complex mass spectrum. Subsequent fragmentation of that species yields a characteristic collisional activation spectrum. Such analyses of the ion species that were presumed to originate from H2Urd, rThd, 4SUrd, and 7MeGuo in the tRNA were used to define the structure and, thus, the identity of each component. Attributes of the PYEICAMS technique are that (a) precise structural elucidation of minor nucleosides present in tRNAs at the 1 - 4% level is obtained; (b) the high order of sensitivity allows the analysis to be done on microgram amounts of tRNA; and (c) there is no requirement for enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis of the tRNA or for subsequent chromatographic separation methods. PMID- 7029468 TI - Separation of the plus and minus strands of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus and human reovirus double-stranded genome RNAs by gel electrophoresis. AB - The complementary strands of most of the genome double-stranded RNA segments of insect cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) and human reovirus are separated for the first time by agarose gel electrophoresis in in the presence of 7 M urea. CPV (+) strands and most reovirus (-) strands migrate faster than the corresponding strands of opposite polarity. Glyoxal treatment, which modifies guanine residues and prevents G-C basepairing, results in a loss of strand resolution and concomitantly a significant decrease in electrophoretic mobilities. Reovirus mRNAs synthesized in vitro with ITP substituted for GTP show similar decreased electrophoretic mobilities as the glyoxalated mRNAs. These results clearly indicate that the basis for (+) and (-) strand resolution is the presence of secondary structure formed mainly by G-C(U) base-pairs that are maintained during gel electrophoresis in the presence of 7 M urea. When the plus and minus strands of CPV genomes were separated and compared for protein synthesizing activity, it was found that only the plus strands were able to form stable 80S ribosome-RNA initiation complexes in wheat germ cell-free extracts. PMID- 7029469 TI - Sequence of a putative promoter region for the rRNA genes of tobacco chloroplast DNA. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the segment of tobacco chloroplast DNA adjacent to and including the start of the 16S rRNA gene has been determined. The region just preceding this gene was found to contain a tRNAVal gene and promoter-type sequences similar to those which occur in E. coli were found before this tRNA gene. E. coli RNA polymerase can recognize these sequences and in vitro co transcribes the tRNA and rRNA genes. PMID- 7029470 TI - Determination of DNA cooperativity factor. AB - The paper presents measurements of the difference in the melting temperature of a colE1 DNA region when it is located inside the DNA helix and at its end. A direct comparison of calculations based on the rigorous theory of helix-coil transition with experimental data for .2 M Na+ (the conditions for fully reversible melting) yielded the value of 2.5-5x10(-5) for the cooperatively factor sigma. We discuss the reversibility of DNA melting and the possibility of applying the "all-or nothing" concept to the melting of DNA regions. PMID- 7029471 TI - Studies on the selectivity of DNA precipitation by spermine. AB - We have examined the selectivity of the precipitation of DNA by spermine. We have found that the intra- and intermolecular condensation of DNA induced by spermine is highly selective even in the presence of added protein or triphosphates. We have also investigated the influence of buffer components on the threshold concentration of spermine required for DNA precipitation. Representative applications exploiting the selectivity of the precipitation reaction are also described. PMID- 7029472 TI - Apparent association constants for E. coli ribosomal proteins S4, S7, S8, S15, S17 and S20 binding to 16S RNA. AB - We have previously reported the development of a technique utilizing nitrocellulose filters, which rapidly separates ribosomal protein-ribosomal RNA complexes from unbound protein. We have used this technique to obtain binding data for the association of proteins S4, S7, S8, S15, S17, and S20 with 16S RNA. With the exception of protein S17, the association behavior for each of these proteins exhibits a single binding site with a unique binding constant. The apparent association constants have been calculated and have been found to have a range from 1.6 x 10(6) M-1 for protein S7 to 7.1 x 10(7) M-1 for protein S17. The Scatchard plot for the protein S17 binding data is biphasic, suggesting that within the RNA population two different binding sites exist, each with a different apparent association constant. PMID- 7029473 TI - Synthesis of unnatural P-N-bond catalyzed with E. coli ribosomes. AB - The model substances 2'(3')-O-[N-acetylmethionylaminomethylene-(P methyl)phosphino] ester of adenosine-5'-phosphate, pA-(AcMetGlyP), and N acetylmethionylaminomethylene-(P-methyl) phosphinoamide of phenylalanine, AcMetGly P PheOH, were synthesised. They were used for the ribosomal catalysis studying. PMID- 7029474 TI - Substrate specificity of CTP-synthetase from E. coli. AB - The substrate specificity of CTP-synthetase from E. coli was investigated by means of UTP analogs. This study revealed that the three main structural elements of the UTP molecule were important for the substrate specificity of the enzyme. CTP-synthetase seems to possess an absolute requirement for the beta-D-ribose 5 triphosphate part in UTP. Substitutents in 5-position of UTP, exceeding the size of a tritium atom abolish substrate function. PMID- 7029475 TI - Mediaeval midwifery. PMID- 7029476 TI - Alcohol and pregnancy: a review of the literature 1968-1980. PMID- 7029477 TI - Treatment and nursing care of corneal disease. PMID- 7029478 TI - Chronic renal failure: past and future trends. PMID- 7029479 TI - Current strategies in the procurement of cadaveric kidneys for transplantation. PMID- 7029480 TI - Nutritional intervention in the treatment of chronic renal failure. PMID- 7029481 TI - Chronic renal disease in children. PMID- 7029482 TI - Health visiting: hope for the future. PMID- 7029483 TI - Diary of a VAD 1940-9: home again. PMID- 7029484 TI - The need for graduate education in operative dentistry. PMID- 7029485 TI - [Clinical evaluation of betamethasone depot]. PMID- 7029486 TI - [Corticoid therapy of allergic rhinitis]. PMID- 7029487 TI - Cell-matrix interactions in development and neoplasia. PMID- 7029488 TI - [Surgery, dental care and infection in diabetic children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029489 TI - [Evaluation of the consequences of an erroneous treatment of nephrosis]. PMID- 7029490 TI - [CA antibodies (Enterobacteriaceae common antigen) in the sera of domestic animals]. AB - Using the indirect hemagglutination test, antibodies against Enterobacteriaceae common antigen (CA) were tested in the sera of 123 horses, 142 cows, 108 sheep, 142 mature pigs and 60 piglets (3-4 weeks of age). Anti CA antibody level and antibody titers for somatic antigens (phenol-water extracts) various serogroups of E. coli (0149, 0138, 0115, 078, 09) and S. typhimurium were compared. Ca antibodies in titer equal or higher than 1:15 were found to occur in 100% of the examined horses and cows, while in the sera of 92% sheep, 80% of mature pigs and 60% of piglets antibodies to the common Enterobacterial antigen were present in titer equal or higher than 1:7.5. In all sera examined the antibody level to somatic antigens of E. coli and S. typhimurium exceeded that to Enterobacteriaceae common antigen. The influence of absorption of sera with CA preparation on the antibody level to heterologous antigens was also examined. It was found that the absorption caused a statistically significant decrease of the titers to O antigens E. coli and S. typhimurium in comparison with those found in unabsorbed sera. PMID- 7029491 TI - Estrogen and the subcellular distribution of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone: rate sedimentation studies. AB - Rate sedimentation of the 900 X G supernatants (S1) of hypothalamic homogenates from untreated male rats or ovariectomized rats with or without 5 micrograms estradiol benzoate (EB) revealed two populations of LHRH particles: a minor, slowly sedimenting one (peak 1) and a major, more rapidly sedimenting one (peak 2). Some LHRH-containing material also sedimented to the bottom of the gradient. The ovariectomized rats displayed more heterogeneity of particulate LHRH than did the male rats. Furthermore, the administration of EB to ovariectomized rats altered the relative sedimentation pattern of LHRH. In ovariectomized rats, hypotonic shock of S1 prior to rate sedimentation eliminated peak 2 and post-peak 2 LHRH and increased free LHRH at the top of the gradient. Peak 1 LHRH was still present and was elevated after EB treatment. Also, EB treatment lowered the free LHRH at the top of the gradient. These data demonstrate that the administration of EB to an ovariectomized rat alters the subcellular distribution of LHRH. PMID- 7029492 TI - LH-RH antagonists: further analogs with ring-substituted aromatic residues. AB - Although the systematic substitution of benzene and other aromatic ring systems with various atoms and groups has been a standard approach in conventional pharmaceutical research, it has only recently received the attention it deserves in peptide research. The observation that D-p-Cl-Phe inserted in position 2 of certain LH-RH (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone) analogs results in large improvements in antagonist activity led us to examine the effect of this and other substituents on position 1 and 2 D-phenylalanyl analog side chains. Analogs containing two D-p-Cl-phenylalanines were found to be particularly powerful competitive inhibitors when assayed in cycling rat for blockade of ovulation. Analogs with non-aromatic amino acids in the first position exhibited much lower activities. PMID- 7029493 TI - Peptidergic control of insulin-induced feeding. AB - Subcutaneous administration of insulin(10 U/kg) produced hypoglycemia in rats with a concomitant induction of feeding. The opiate antagonist naloxone failed to alter food ingestion following insulin administration when quantitated over a 3 hour period; however, naloxone (20 mg/kg) significantly suppressed eating during the first hour of the study. Starvation-induced feeding was markedly suppressed by relatively low doses of naloxone (1 mg/kg). The dopamine antagonist haloperidol, the cholinergic antagonist atropine, and the putative satiety factors CCK-8, bombesin, histidyl-proline diketopiperazine and calcitonin suppressed insulin-induced feeding. Naloxone, CCK-8 and bombesin significantly raised blood glucose levels following insulin induced hypoglycemia. PMID- 7029494 TI - The distribution of bovine pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactive neurons in rat brain. AB - Using the indirect immunofluorescent technique, bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP)-like immunoreactive nerve fibers and cell bodies were observed widely distributed in rat brain. A detailed stereotaxic atlas of BPP-immunoreactive neurons was prepared. Large numbers of BPP-containing perikarya were observed in the acute nucleus, with scattered cells in the cerebral cortex, nucleus olfactorius anterior, nucleus tractus diagonalis, olfactory tubercle, nucleus accumbens, neostriatum, nucleus interstitialis stria terminalis, nucleus preopticus medialis, area retrochiasmatica, zona interna of the median eminence, substantia grisea centralis, locus coeruleus, nucleus tractus solitarius, and in the region of the nucleus reticularis lateralis. Large numbers of varicose BPP like nerve fibers were observed in the following nuclei: accumbens, interstitialis stria terminalis, preopticus medialis, preopticus suprachiasmaticus, suprachiasmaticus, periventricular thalamic and hypothalamic, paraventricularis, dorsomedialis, ventromedialis, arcuatus, parabrachialis dorsalis, tractus solitarius and the substantia gelatinosa trigemini. The present findings suggest that a BPP-like peptide may be involved in significant neuronal circuitry, possibly in a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator role. However, the exact identity of this peptide and its physiological role remain to be determined. PMID- 7029495 TI - [Comparative evaluation of various antibiotics and Biseptol in the treatment of exacerbation of chronic bronchial diseases]. PMID- 7029496 TI - [Modeling and computer simulation as research methods in current biology and medicine]. PMID- 7029497 TI - [Scintigraphic studies in neurological diagnosis]. PMID- 7029498 TI - [Use of magnetic devices in medicine]. PMID- 7029499 TI - The clinical relevance of in vitro markers. PMID- 7029500 TI - Periodic paralysis complicating malaria. AB - Episodic muscular weakness, commonly associated with alterations of serum potassium, is the cardinal feature of periodic paralysis. The combination of transient hyperkalaemia and rigors occurring during febrile episodes of malaria is suggested as the underlying cause which precipitated the muscular paralysis. Three patients with malaria who developed a similar paralysis during the paroxysms of fever are described to illustrate this. PMID- 7029501 TI - Transient cerebral ischaemic attacks--management and prognosis. AB - Fifty patients who had recently had a transient ischaemic attack took part in a double-blind cross-over trial of sulphinpyrazone 200 mg 4 times daily against placebo. Each treatment was given for 4 months. The incidence of recurrences was much greater in the initial 4 months but there was no difference between the 2 treatments. A follow-up of 39 of the patients showed that 2 years later 90% of those who had not had a recurrence during the 8 months had suffered no further neurological events whereas of those who did have a recurrence during the study only 47% had no further neurological events. PMID- 7029503 TI - Lupus nephritis and lupus band test. AB - Twenty-seven patients with histologically confirmed lupus nephritis were studied to identify the incidence of lupus band and its significance to histological patterns of nephritis and complement levels. It was found that the kidney involvement is 2.5 times more frequent in lupus band positive patients. The association of a positive lupus and low C3 level signifies the presence of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis rather than membranous glomerulonephritis. The results, together with earlier reports, are discussed. PMID- 7029502 TI - Review of general surgery 1980. PMID- 7029504 TI - Severe hypertriglyceridaemia responding to insulin and nicotinic acid therapy. AB - A patient with unusually severe hypertriglyceridaemia (serum concentration initially 258 mmol/l or 22600 mg/dl) and hypercholesterolaemia is reported and discussed. The triglyceride elevation was found to reside within the very low density lipoprotein fraction and was probably attributable to the combination of diabetes mellitus and familial hypertriglyceridaemia. Treatment with insulin and restriction of dietary carbohydrate led to a 50% reduction in the triglyceride concentration, and the addition of nicotinic acid in modest doses led ultimately to a complete normalization of the patient's lipid values. A close correlation was noted between the falling triglyceride concentration and the rising serum sodium concentration during the course of successful therapy. Overall, it is felt likely that this patient's severe and reversible hypertriglyceridaemia was on the basis of excessively rapid lipolysis leading to high concentrations of very low density lipoprotein production. Combined therapy with insulin and nicotinic acid is recommended for other patients of this nature. PMID- 7029505 TI - Sampling of broiler carcasses for Salmonella with low volume water rinse. AB - The uneven distribution and low numbers of salmonella usually present on broiler carcasses make whole carcass rinsing the most sensitive sampling procedure for detecting this organism on the raw product. However, 270 ml of water or medium has been the smallest volume used in past published research. We found that 100 ml was adequate to recover Salmonella typhimurium, S. california, or S. montevideo from freshly processed broiler carcasses that had been inoculated with the organism at the rate of 50 cells/carcass. When carcasses were inoculated with 20 cells or S. heidelberg, then stored at -23 C for 3 or 6 months, sampling with 100 ml was adequate to detect the organism on all carcasses. The advantages of using the smallest volume of rinsing medium that will consistently lead to detection of salmonella present are: 1) less enrichment medium is required, 2) less incubator space is required, and 3) the concentration of cells in the selective enrichment medium at the end of incubation is greater; hence, the greater are the chances of salmonella detection when a drop is subsequently transferred to the selective plating medium. PMID- 7029506 TI - Is routine blood glucose estimation of value in diabetic clinics? PMID- 7029507 TI - An antihistamine-sympathomimetic combination in the treatment of hayfever. A report fom the General Practitioner Research Group. PMID- 7029508 TI - The treatment of chronic psoriasis a two-centre comparative study. PMID- 7029509 TI - Management of sprained ankles. A double-blind study. PMID- 7029510 TI - [Osseous lesions of an untreated osteomyelitis. Case report of a skeleton from the Middle Ages (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029511 TI - [Drug-induced nail disorders (iatrogenic nail diseases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029512 TI - 80 years of the FDI. PMID- 7029513 TI - Perfusion in vivo of the porcine placenta. Fixation for EM. AB - A method for vascular perfusion in vivo, especially for EM fixation, was developed with the porcine placenta. The effect of fixation at varying parameters was studied. Nine multiparous Danish Landrace sows ranging in gestation from 33 to 112 days and in body weight from 160 to 257 kg were used. After general and local anaesthesia laparotomy was undertaken on the left flank and the uterine horn was perfused through a. uterina with buffered glutaraldehyde. Local perfusion through a. umbilicalis was undertaken in one case, and installation of concentrated glutaraldehyde into the allantoic cavity was performed in five cases. Perfusion-fixed and fresh tissue samples were fixed in OsO4 and processed for electron microscopy. The osmolarity of the buffer was varied between 470 and 660 mOsm. At high tonicity cytoplasm was well preserved but the intercellular spaces of the uterine epithelium was dilated. At about 575 mOsm the preservation was still good and the spaces were occluded. At lower tonicity damage occurred in the cytoplasm. The trophoblast was generally better preserved than the uterine epithelium. A rapid perfusion flow was beneficial for fixation. PMID- 7029514 TI - Review article: Fc gamma receptors in the human placenta. PMID- 7029515 TI - Roles of nutrition, obesity, and estrogens in diabetes mellitus: human leads to an experimental approach to prevention. PMID- 7029516 TI - The association of alcohol consumption and hypertension. PMID- 7029517 TI - [Methods of obtaining L forms of tyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (a review)]. PMID- 7029518 TI - [Enzymolysis of microscopic and yeast-like fungi by an Actinomyces griseinus 11 preparations]. PMID- 7029519 TI - [Detection of the erythroblast antigen on the blast surface in some forms of acute leukemia]. PMID- 7029520 TI - [Experimental substantiation of restricted osteoplasty in tuberculous spondylitis]. PMID- 7029521 TI - Mary Harris Thompson--pioneer surgeon and hospital founder. PMID- 7029522 TI - [Formal genetic methods in human genetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029523 TI - Translational regulation: identification of the site on bacteriophage T4 rIIB mRNA recognized by the regA gene function. AB - The bacteriophage T4 gene regA encodes a protein that diminishes the expression of many unlinked early T4 genes. Previous work demonstrated that regA-mediated repression occurs after transcription. We report here on the identification of the target site on one regA-sensitive mRNA, the message encoding the phage T4 rIIB protein. The target for regA-mediated action overlaps the translational initiation domain of the rIIB messenger. The regA protein may be a repressor that operates translationally on a significant and interesting set of early phage T4 mRNAs. PMID- 7029524 TI - Streptococcal M protein: alpha-helical coiled-coil structure and arrangement on the cell surface. AB - The conformation and molecular dimensions of purified type 6 streptococcal M proteins establish the close structural relationship of these molecules to tropomyosin. Ultracentrifuge studies reveal that the M molecules exist as stable dimers; circular dichroism spectra indicate that the molecules contain about 70% alpha helix; and fiber x-ray diffraction diagrams show the characteristic reflections of the alpha-helical pattern. Electron microscopic images of M protein shadowed with platinum reveal rod-shaped molecules having the same width as tropomyosin. However, the lengths of the M molecules are about 30% shorter than lengths predicted by assuming a completely alpha-helical molecule. These findings indicate that the structure of the M6 protein is primarily alpha-helical coiled coil. Comparison of the lengths of the fibers on the surface of the streptococcus and the isolated M proteins suggests that each fiber on the cell wall consists of a single M-protein molecule approximately 500 A long. The structure determined for these fimbriae is the first alpha-helical coiled-coil conformation to be demonstrated for bacterial surface projections. PMID- 7029525 TI - Regulation of DNA replication: "target" determinant of the replication control elements of plasmid R6-5 lies within a control element gene. AB - The replication control system of plasmid R6-5 has been investigated by characterization of high-copy-number mutant miniplasmids, development of an in vivo assay for the site of action or "target" of the replication control elements, and sequence analysis of the replication control regions of the wild type plasmid and two copy-number mutant derivatives. These and other experiments have shown that three plasmid determinants--copA/incA, copB, and copT--are involved in DNA replication control. The products of the copB and copA/incA genes, a 9500-dalton basic polypeptide and either a 7200-dalton basic polypeptide or a short untranslated RNA molecule, respectively, are negative-acting elements that interact with the third element, their target, the copT DNA sequence, or its product to regulate the frequency of initiation of plasmid replication. The location of copT within the copA/incA gene and 1600 base pairs upstream from the origin of replication indicates that regulation is effected at a preinitiation stage of replication, such as the production of a primer or other initiation factor. PMID- 7029526 TI - Characterization of antibodies to smooth muscle myosin kinase and their use in localizing myosin kinase in nonmuscle cells. AB - Antibodies to myosin light chain kinase, purified from turkey gizzard smooth muscle, were developed in rabbits and purified by affinity chromatography on a myosin light chain kinase-Sepharose 4B column. The purified antibodies crossreact with purified smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase but not with a variety of contractile or cytoskeletal proteins. The antibodies inhibit the catalytic activity of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase and there is an inverse relationship between the kinase activity and the amount of antibody present in an assay. Half-maximal inhibition of myosin kinase activity occurs at an antibody/myosin kinase molar ratio of 10:1. The affinity-purified antibodies to smooth muscle myosin kinase were used to study the location of myosin kinase in a variety of nonmuscle cells. Immunofluorescence studies indicate that myosin light chain kinase is localized on microfilament bundles (stress fibers) in cultured fibroblasts. The stress fiber staining pattern is abolished when the antibodies are incubated with purified smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase prior to staining cells, while the staining pattern is unaffected when the antibodies are incubated with actin, myosin, alpha-actinin, or tropomyosin prior to staining. Moreover, the stress fiber staining pattern is periodic in well-spread gerbil fibroma cells and experiments have demonstrated that myosin light chain kinase appears to have the same periodic distribution as myosin but an antiperiodic distribution relative to alpha-actinin. These data indicate that myosin light chain kinase and its substrate, myosin, are in close proximity and are consistent with the hypothesis that myosin light chain kinase regulates actin-myosin interactions in nonmuscle cells. PMID- 7029527 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of albumin in the secretory apparatus of rat liver parenchymal cells. AB - The localization of albumin was investigated in rat liver, fixed by perfusion, with peroxidase-labeled monospecific antibodies against rat serum albumin purified by affinity chromatography. By light microscopy, albumin is present uniformly in all parenchymal cells with no difference in the intensity of reaction in the different parts of hepatic lobules. By electron microscopy, albumin is localized in the entire secretory apparatus including the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and secretory vacuoles. In the rough endoplasmic reticulum, focal negative segments are interposed between positive regions. In the Golgi region, albumin is found both in stacked cisternae and at the trans aspect in the portion called GERL (Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum- lysosome). Whereas albumin and lipoprotein particles are separated in terminal dilatations of the endoplasmic reticulum and in the cisternae on the cis face of the Golgi apparatus, they are usually intermixed in vacuoles of the trans face. Similarly, most secretion vacuoles below the sinusoidal lining contain albumin and lipoprotein particles together, although a few are also found with only one secretory product. These observations suggest that, after synthesis in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, albumin is segregated into smooth transitional elements and transported to the Golgi region where it is packaged together with other secretory products such as lipoproteins. These secretion vacuoles move up the sinusoidal surface, where they are discharged. The possible involvement of GERL in the proteolytic cleavage of proalbumin to albumin is considered. PMID- 7029528 TI - Cloning arg3, the gene for ornithine carbamoyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: expression in Escherichia coli requires secondary mutations; production of plasmid beta-lactamase in yeast. AB - The yeast arg3 gene, coding for ornithine carbamoyltransferase (carbamoylphosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.3), has been cloned on a hybrid pBR322-2-micrometers plasmid. The cloned gene gives a normal regulatory response in yeast. It is not expressed at 35 degrees C when a mutation preventing mRNA export from the nucleus at this temperature is included in the genetic make-up of the carrier strain. In Escherichia coli, no functional expression can be observed from the native yeast arg3 gene. The study of a mutant plasmid (M1) producing low levels of yeast carbamoyltransferase in E. coli has permitted the localization and orientation of arg3 on the plasmid. The mutation involved is a deletion that alters the regulatory response of arg3 in yeast. The plasmid bla gene produces detectable amounts of beta-lactamase (penicillin amido beta-lactamhydrolase, EC 3.5.2.6) in yeast: the data provide an estimate of the beta-lactamase activity associated with one exemplar of the plasmid expressing arg3 (0.6 units). PMID- 7029529 TI - Human trophoblast cell-surface antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - A series of monoclonal antibodies has been raised against the human choriocarcinoma cell-line, BeWo. Four antigens, Trop-1, -2, -3, and -4, are defined on normal and malignant trophoblast cells. Trop-1 and Trop-2 appear to be specifically expressed on syncytio- and cytotrophoblasts, whereas Trop-3 and Trop 4 are also detected on various tumor cell lines, normal lymphocytes, and monocytes. Anti-Trop-1 and anti-Trop-2 antibodies might prove useful for detection and isolation of fetal trophoblast cells circulating in pregnant women's blood and for diagnosis and therapy in patients having choriocarcinomas and other germ-cell neoplasms. PMID- 7029530 TI - A new hypothalamic substance, and not luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, is detected immunocytochemically by antibody to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - Adjacent paraffin sections of rat hypothalami fixed in Bouin's fluid were treated either with buffer or with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) before immunocytochemical staining with anti-LHRH. Upon buffer pretreatment, pituitary gonadotrophs were unstained and hypothalamic fibers were stained. Upon LHRH pretreatment, pituitary gonadotrophs were stained (receptor reaction) and hypothalamic fibers were unstained. Extension of washes and use of series of neutralizing antisera between LHRH application and immunocytochemical staining, as well as the absence of inhibiting concentrations of LHRH in the later washes and neutralizing antisera removed from the sections, excluded the possibility that the disappearance of visualization of hypothalamic fibers was due to blockage of anti-LHRH in immunocytochemical staining. The results suggested that LHRH removed from the sections an immunocytochemically stainable but as yet unknown analog of LHRH and replaced it with LHRH, which in turn became lost during subsequent immunocytochemical processing. This idea was confirmed by the isolation by high-pressure liquid chromatography of a peak, distinct from LHRH, upon treatment of hypothalami with LHRH. It is suggested that the new substance may be carrier-held and that this substance, rather than LHRH, is normally detected by immunocytochemistry with anti-LHRH. Added LHRH binds not only to high affinity pituitary receptors but also to low-affinity hypothalamic carriers. PMID- 7029531 TI - Immunofluorescence localization at the mammalian neuromuscular junction of the Mr 43,000 protein of Torpedo postsynaptic membranes. AB - Highly purified cholinergic postsynaptic membranes from Torpedo electric tissue contain, in addition to the acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR), major proteins of Mr 43,000 and Mr approximately 90,000 and minor proteins that can be removed from the membranes by alkaline treatment. We have prepared an antiserum to these alkaline-extractable proteins that reacts with the Mr 43,000 protein but not with any of the other major membrane proteins, including the AcChoR subunits. Immunofluorescent staining of sections of Torpedo electric tissue shows that this antiserum binds to the innervated but not the uninnervated surface of the electrocytes. In rat diaphragm muscle, the antigens recognized by this antiserum are highly concentrated at the synapse. Synaptic staining of muscle is eliminated by prior incubation of the antiserum with the Mr 43,000 protein but not by incubation with affinity-purified AcChoR. This antiserum stains end plates of muscles denervated for 7 days. Antiserum to AcChoR binds to the subsynaptic membranes of electrocytes and muscle but does not react with the Mr 43,000 protein. Purified AcChoR blocks staining of synapses by anti-AcChoR but the Mr 43,000 protein does not. These results indicate that the Mr 43,000 protein is located in the innervated membrane of Torpedo electrocytes and that an immunologically similar component is highly concentrated in the postsynaptic membrane of mammalian muscle. PMID- 7029532 TI - Three tRNA binding sites on Escherichia coli ribosomes. AB - The binding of N-acetyl-Phe-tRNAPhe (an analogue of peptidyl-tRNA), Phe-tRNAPhe, and deacylated tRNAPhe to poly(U)-programmed tightly coupled 70S ribosomes was studied. The N-acetyl-Phe-tRNAPhe binding is governed by an exclusion principle: not more than one N-acetyl-Phe-tRNAPhe can be bound per ribosome, although this peptidyl-tRNA analogue can be present either at the aminoacyl-tRNA (A) site or the peptidyl-tRNA (P) site. Two Phe-tRNAPhe molecules are accepted by one ribosome in the presence of poly(U). This aminoacyl-tRNA binds enzymatically (in the presence of elongation factor Tu and GTP) and nonenzymatically to the A site and is then transferred to the P site, if that site is free. If this elongation factor G-independent movement is hampered, either by using an incubation temperature of 0 degrees C or by the addition of the translocation inhibitor viomycin, only one Phe-tRNAPhe per ribosome can be bound. The effect of the peptidyltransferase inhibitor chloramphenicol on the binding is similar to that of viomycin. In the absence of poly(U), Phe-tRNAPhe cannot bind to the ribosome. Deacylated [14C]tRNAPhe can bind in three copies to one ribosome. The new third tRNA binding site is called the "E" site. The sequence of filling the sites is P, E, and A. The apparent binding constants for the P and the E sites are both approximately 9 X 10(6) M-1 and that for the A site is 1.3 X 10(6) M-1. In the absence of poly(U), only one deacylated tRNAPhe can be bound per ribosome. This tRNAPhe most likely occupies the P site. PMID- 7029533 TI - Role for membrane potential in the secretion of protein into the periplasm of Escherichia coli. AB - The leucine-specific binding protein of Escherichia coli is a periplasmic protein that is synthesized as a precursor and subsequently is processed during its secretion into the periplasmic space. The processing of both the leucine-specific binding protein and a plasmid-coded beta-lactamase is inhibited by phenethyl alcohol and by the proton ionophore, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). The levels of CCCP that inhibit processing also produce significant decreases in the membrane potential. Valinomycin, a potassium ionophore, also inhibits processing of the leucine-specific binding protein in spheroplasts. Processing can be restored in CCCP-treated cells and in valinomycin-treated spheroplasts by dilution of the treated cells in fresh medium. These results suggest a role for membrane potential in the secretion of periplasmic proteins. A model is presented which suggests that membrane potential plays a primary role in the proper orientation of the precursor signal sequence within the membrane, thus promoting processing and secretion. PMID- 7029534 TI - Biosynthesis and periplasmic segregation of human proinsulin in Escherichia coli. AB - A plasmid containing human preproinsulin cDNA inserted into the endonuclease Pst I site of the ampicillinase gene of plasmid pBR322 was modified by excision of large portions of the ampicillinase-coding region to produce a variety of gene fusion combinations, many of which generated proteins detectable with antisera to insulin or human C peptide. In one case a perfect hybrid of the NH2-terminal half of the leader sequence of ampicillinase (residues -23 to -12) with the human preproinsulin prepeptide beginning at residue -13 was formed; the result was the synthesis and secretion of human proinsulin into the periplasmic space. We have characterized this protein immunologically and also by labeling it biosynthetically or by iodination followed by immunoprecipitation and automated amino acid sequence analysis. It contains the A and B chain regions of insulin as well as specific human C peptide immunodeterminants and is convertible to an insulin-like component by tryptic digestion. These results demonstrate that human proinsulin can be produced by bacteria and that this biosynthetic approach should prove feasible for the production of adequate amounts of human proinsulin for a variety of clinical studies and human insulin for therapeutic purposes. PMID- 7029535 TI - Chemical synthesis of acyl thioesters of acyl carrier protein with native structure. AB - The acyl carrier protein (ACP) of Escherichia coli was converted to acyl-ACP by imidazole-catalyzed S-acylation with N-acylimidazole. The acylation was specific to the sulfhydryl group; no acylation of tyrosine or amino groups of the protein occurred. The acyl-ACP substrates synthesized had a native structure as determined by gel electrophoresis, hydrophobic chromatography, and enzymatic activity. N-Acylimidazoles are readily synthesized and permit preparation of those acyl-ACP substrates that cannot be produced enzymatically. PMID- 7029536 TI - Identification of the uvrC gene product. AB - We have constructed a multicopy plasmid that carries the uvrC gene of Escherichia coli. By inserting the transposon Tn1000 (previously designated gamma delta) into this plasmid, we obtained many derivatives that fail to complement uvrC34. The proteins synthesized by the original plasmid and the uvrC::Tn1000 derivatives were labeled in maxicells and analyzed on gels, demonstrating that a protein of Mr 70,000 encoded by the original uvrC+ plasmid was absent from the mutated noncomplementing derivatives; this protein is presumed to be the uvrC gene product. We found that this protein of Mr 70,000 binds to DNA and have partially purified the uvrC protein by DNA-cellulose chromatography. Because some of the uvrC::Tn1000 derivatives produce truncated polypeptides, the orientation of expression and the location of the promoter were determined by correlating the sizes of the truncated polypeptides with the sites of insertion of Tn1000. PMID- 7029537 TI - Total synthesis of a RNA molecule with sequence identical to that of Escherichia coli formylmethionine tRNA. AB - A RNA molecule has been synthesized that is identical in sequence to Escherichia coli tRNAfMet except that it lacks the base modifications present in the E. coli tRNA. This was achieved by enzymatic joining of chemically synthesized oligonucleotides with chain lengths of 3-10 which were synthesized by the phosphodiester or phosphotriester method. First, quarter molecules of tRNA were constructed by joining of chemically synthesized fragments with RNA ligase. The 5'-quarter molecule (bases 1-20) served as an acceptor in joining reactions with the 3',5'-bisphosphorylated donor molecule (bases 21-34). The 5'-half molecule thus obtained was treated with phosphatase and joined to the 3'-half molecule which was prepared by ligation of the other quarter molecules (bases 35-60, acceptor; bases 61-77, donor) followed by 5'-phosphorylation with polynucleotide kinase. The synthetic tRNA was characterized by oligonucleotide pattern and was partially active in aminoacylation with E. coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase. PMID- 7029538 TI - Localization of 3' ends of 5S and 23S rRNAs in reconstituted subunits of Escherichia coli ribosomes. AB - Periodate-oxidized 3' ends of 5S, 23S, and 16S rRNAs from Escherichia coli were allowed to react with fluorescein thiosemicarbazide, then labeled rRNAs were reconstituted into active ribosomal subunits. The fluorescein moiety on each of the rRNAs when reconstituted into ribosomal subunits was accessible to anti fluorescein IgG as determined by fluorescence quenching and by sucrose gradient centrifugation. The region at which an antibody molecule bond to the labeled ribosomal subunits was determined by immunoelectron microscopy. The 3' end of the 5S RNA was localized on the central protuberance of the 50S subunit. The corresponding region for the 3' end of the 23S RNA was below the stalk on the noninterfacing surface. The 3' end of the 16S RNA was localized to the upper edge of the large lobe of 30S subunits, as reported previously. PMID- 7029539 TI - Rapid clonal growth and serial passage of human diploid fibroblasts in a lipid enriched synthetic medium supplemented with epidermal growth factor, insulin, and dexamethasone. AB - A serum-free, hormone-supplemented medium, enriched with a mixture of lipids, has been developed that supports rapid clonal growth of human diploid fetal lung fibroblasts (Flow 2000, WI-38, MRC-5, and IMR-90) and of low-passage human foreskin fibroblasts. The medium, which contains less than 1 microgram of total protein per ml, also supports serial passage of Flow 2000 cells under totally serum-free conditions. It provides lipid at a total of 10 micrograms/ml as a liposome prepared from a mixture of soybean lecithin, cholesterol, sphingomyelin, vitamin E, and vitamin E acetate. The soybean lecithin, which contains a variety of naturally occurring phospholipids, can be replaced with a mixture of highly purified phospholipids. Except for possible contaminants in the substances used in its preparation, the serum-free medium is fully defined chemically. It consists of an optimized basal nutrient medium, MCDB 110, supplemented with insulin, epidermal growth factor, dexamethasone, prostaglandins E1 and F2 alpha, phosphoenolpyruvate, dithiothreitol, glutathione, and the lipids listed above. PMID- 7029540 TI - Fast responses of bacterial membranes to virus adsorption: a fluorescence study. AB - After collision with their host cells, virus particles may remain mobile on cell surfaces until they become attached at firm binding sites. We propose that a virion will arrive within a typical median time at such a site, generating a membrane signal such as an increased membrane fluorescence in cells labeled with the voltage-sensitive dyes 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonate (Mg-salt) (ANS), N phenylnaphthylamine (NPA), or 3,3'-dipentyl-2,2'-oxacarbocyanine (di-O-C5[3]). We found that the time span between virus adsorption and fluorescence response varies widely among phages and also depends on bacterial strain, metabolic state, and type of dye. di-O-C5[3]-labeled cells react within 1 sec to uncouplers such as carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Cells labeled with ANS and NPA react to CCCP in 4-6 sec. Bacteriophages T4, T5, chi, and BF23, added to ANS labeled cells, change the fluorescence in 9-15 sec. T-even ghosts cause a response at identical times. Baseplate-defective phage mutant T412- and isolated adsorption organelles of smaller viruses fail to cause an effect. di-O-C5[3] labeled cells respond to T4 at a multiplicity of infection greater than or equal to 40 within 1 sec. A longer time (8 sec) is required at lower multiplicities. The receptor-degrading phages epsilon 15, epsilon 34, c 341, and K29 need the longest time (1 min for ANS) to cause a fluorescence increase. We suggest that the delayed fluorescence response is concomitant with the surface "walk" of the virion, which is terminated at an injection site. T4 tail sheath contraction coincides with the onset of the membrane fluorescence response. PMID- 7029541 TI - Insulin immunoreactive sites demonstrated in the Golgi apparatus of pancreatic B cells. AB - Insulin immunoreactive sites were localized in the Golgi apparatus of pancreatic B cells by light and electron microscopy. Identification of the Golgi apparatus by immunofluorescence required the prior degranulation of B cells with glibenclamide to reduce the insulin immunostaining due to secretory granules. In such cells, insulin immunofluorescence revealed brightly stained, crescent-shaped strands with form and location super-imposable on that of Golgi complexes seen in thin sections of the same cells. With the electron microscope, the insulin immunoreactive sites revealed by the protein A/gold technique were localized in the cisternae and vesicles of the Golgi apparatus of glibenclamide-treated and control B cells and over maturing and mature secretory granules. The quantitative evaluation of the intensity of the insulin immunoreactive sites in the Golgi apparatus revealed a density of sites 4 times more than cellular background values. The demonstration of insulin immunoreactivity in the Golgi apparatus provides direct evidence for the involvement of this compartment in the transport and maturation of proinsulin into insulin. PMID- 7029542 TI - Growth control of prostatic carcinoma cells in serum-free media: interrelationship of hormone response, cell density, and nutrient media. AB - Two established prostatic carcinoma cell lines have been grown in long-term culture in a defined medium (PFMR-4) free of serum, hormones, or growth factors. Growth of both lines in serum-free medium was population dependent. This cell density requirement could be replaced by mitomycin C-inactivated feeder cells, homologous conditioned medium, or fetal bovine serum, but not by hormones or growth factors. The cells responded to these factors only at high density. The nature of this hormonal response was dependent on the kind of basal nutrient medium used. Growth in PFMR-4 with added insulin was more rapid than that in DME/F12 medium with any combination of hormones or growth factors and was substantially greater than growth in DME/F12 medium with insulin alone. The results demonstrate that whereas these two prostatic carcinoma lines (PC-3 and DU 145) do not require hormones for survival or growth, they do respond to certain hormones under appropriate conditions. These conditions include both the type of basal nutrient medium used and the population density. PMID- 7029543 TI - Insulin is essential for accumulation of casein mRNA in mouse mammary epithelial cells. AB - In the presence of cortisol and prolactin, insulin at concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml significantly stimulates casein synthesis in mammary explants from midpregnant mice; maximal synthesis occurs at 10 ng/ml. However, in the absence of insulin, no detectable immunoprecipitable casein is produced. Insulin also supports enhanced accumulation of casein mRNA in the presence of cortisol and prolactin; neither epidermal growth factor nor somatomedin C has this effect. These inductive actions of insulin are not secondary to a general maintenance effect on the mammary epithelial cell; insulin, epidermal growth factor, and somatomedin C can support the accumulation of RNA in rough endoplasmic reticulum equally well. In addition, these effects do not reflect a specific insulin requirement for prolactin sensitivity; epidermal growth factor can support prolactin-induced total RNA synthesis as well as insulin can. The results demonstrate that, although insulin, epidermal growth factor, and somatomedin C can all function as cell maintenance agents, only insulin, together with cortisol and prolactin, can induce casein mRNA accumulation. PMID- 7029544 TI - Inducibility of a gene product required for UV and chemical mutagenesis in Escherichia coli. AB - The product of the umuC gene is required for UV and chemical mutagenesis in Escherichia coli. By the use of the Mud(Ap, lac) bacteriophage, we have obtained an operon fusion of the lac structural genes to the promoter/regulatory region of the umuC gene. The strain containing the umuC::Mud(Ap, lac) fusion was identified on the basis of its UV nonmutability. Strains containing this putative null allele of umuC were (i) nonmutable by UV and other agents, (ii) slightly UV sensitive, and (iii) deficient in their ability to carry out Weigle reactivation of UV-irradiation bacteriophage lambda. The UV nonmutability of the strain could be suppressed by a derivative of the mutagenesis-enhancing plasmid pKM101. beta Galactosidase synthesis in umuC::Mud(Ap, lac) fusion strains was inducible by UV and other DNA-damaging agents. Genetic analysis of the regulation of beta galactosidase in umuC::Mud(Ap, lac) strains suggests that the lexA protein is the direct repressor of the umuC gene and that a function of the recA protein, probably its protease activity, is required for the removal of the lexA repressor at the time of umuC induction. PMID- 7029545 TI - Mitotic chromosome loss in a radiation-sensitive strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with mutations in the RAD52 gene have previously been shown to be defective in meiotic and mitotic recombination, in sporulation, and in repair of radiation-induced damage to DNA. In this study we show that diploid cells homozygous for rad52 lose chromosomes at high frequencies and that these frequencies of loss can be increased dramatically by exposure of these cells to x-rays. Genetic analyses of survivors of x-ray treatment demonstrate that chromosome loss events result in the conversion of diploid cells to cells with near-haploid chromosome numbers. PMID- 7029546 TI - Is acquired immunological tolerance genetically transmissible? AB - We have attempted to verify that acquired characteristics can be transmitted through the male germ line by using as a model system the vertical transmission of specific immunological tolerance to major histocompatibility antigens. Tolerant males were a tetraparental mouse and separated parabionts, in each case showing stable lymphoid chimerism. Tolerance in the progeny was assessed by two in vivo assays, rejection of cardiac allografts and clearance of 131I-labeled tumor cells. We were unable to find evidence for heritability of the tolerant state in tetraparental or parabiont males, with either assay system. PMID- 7029547 TI - Ovalocytic erythrocytes from Melanesians are resistant to invasion by malaria parasites in culture. AB - Ovalocytic erythrocytes from Melanesians in Papua New Guinea have been demonstrated to be resistant to infection by malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum) in culture by using a double-label fluorescence assay of merozoite invasion. That merozoites do not bind irreversibly to ovalocytes has been demonstrated by an assay that measures competition between ovalocytes and normocytes. Analysis of behavior on thermal deformation has demonstrated that ovalocytes are more more thermostable than normocytes, suggesting that there is a major difference in cytoskeletal structure. These findings with P. falciparum and epidemiological data demonstrating clinical resistance to P. vivax and P. malariae suggest that the membrane alterations(s) in these ovalocytes affect(s) invasion step(s) common to all three species of malaria parasite. PMID- 7029548 TI - Heterogeneity of newly inserted and preexisting murein in the sacculus of Escherichia coli. AB - In vivo studies of murein biosynthesis show that newly synthesized murein unexpectedly differs in its chemical composition from preexisting murein. New murein is loosely crosslinked with the preexisting sacculus; in a maturation process involving further transpeptidation, the final stage of crosslinkage in murein is achieved. Newly inserted murein initially carries pentapeptide subunits, which are the donor of the secondary transpeptidation reaction. In mutants with defective penicillin-binding protein 4 the secondary transpeptidation step is abolished. Uncoupling of the secondary transpeptidation reaction from crosslink formation during the initial insertion of new murein was also found in a mutant with a defect in lipoprotein biosynthesis. We conclude that the initial transpeptidation of murein and crosslink formation during the maturation of newly inserted murein are catalyzed by two different enzyme systems. PMID- 7029549 TI - Control of mineral absorption in ruminants. PMID- 7029550 TI - Some thoughts on dietary requirements of macro-elements for ruminants. PMID- 7029551 TI - A re-evaluation of recommended dietary allowances of calcium and phosphorus for pigs. PMID- 7029552 TI - Mass spectrometric assay of stable isotopic enrichment for the estimation of protein turnover in man. PMID- 7029553 TI - Emission spectrometric analysis of 15N. PMID- 7029554 TI - Protein metabolism and nutritional state in man. PMID- 7029555 TI - Properties of putative astrocytes in colony cultures of mouse neopallium. PMID- 7029556 TI - Glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein immunocytochemistry in development and neuropathology. PMID- 7029557 TI - Human nutrition--its scientific basis. PMID- 7029558 TI - Metabolic adaptations to starvation, semistarvation, and carbohydrate restriction. AB - The metabolic adaptation in man to starvation, semistarvation, and carbohydrate restriction is complex and involves a number of hormones, substrates, and tissues. In particular, however, the need for the ketoacids beta-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid to replace glucose as the primary fuel for the brain of fasting man appears to be the key to maximum protein conservation. That is, ketogenesis is necessary to provide the brain with a fat-derived, water-soluble, insulin-independent, glucose-equivalent fuel. This adaptation is associated with a small loss of the ketoacids into the urine (100-150 mM/day or 40-60 calories/day). The ketonuria, in turn, necessitates increased renal utilization of muscle-derived glutamine. Synthesis of glutamine by muscle requires muscle proteolysis. Administration of glucose in amounts needed to meet the requirements of the brain results in suppression of ketogenesis in fasting man and a significant diminution in nitrogen mobilization and utilization as well. PMID- 7029559 TI - Protein-energy interrelationships. PMID- 7029560 TI - Overweight, obesity, coronary heart disease, and mortality: the W.O. Atwater Memorial Lecture, 1980. PMID- 7029561 TI - Dietary restriction and its effect on immunity and aging. PMID- 7029562 TI - Obesity: does it modulate infectious disease and immunity? AB - Obesity, high-fat diets, or excess lipids interact with infectious agents and immunocompetent cells in the following ways: Some infections and autoimmune diseases are enhanced in inbred mice. In man, surgical wound infections are increased; the risk of tubercular death is decreased; no data exist on the interaction of lipids and autoimmune disease. Certain fatty acids and cholesterol are potent modulators of T lymphocyte and phagocyte functions in laboratory animals and in leukocyte cultures. However, in humans, the modulation of immune function by dietary lipids is still uncertain. Precisely how lipids interact with the immune system opens an important and exciting area for future research. PMID- 7029563 TI - Hypercholesterolemia: genetic, dietary, and pharmacologic interrelationships. PMID- 7029564 TI - Effects of diet on blood clotting and platelet aggregation. PMID- 7029565 TI - Exercise and lipid metabolism. PMID- 7029566 TI - Obstacles to success in nutrition intervention programs. Diversity of scientific opinion. PMID- 7029567 TI - Nutritional anemias: relationship to genetic and pharmacological factors. PMID- 7029568 TI - The Twinning and Fertility Paradox. PMID- 7029569 TI - Multiple and singleton pregnancy: differences between mothers as well as offspring. PMID- 7029570 TI - Malformations unique to the twinning process. PMID- 7029571 TI - Lessons from multiple pregnancies in mammals. PMID- 7029572 TI - Errors of Weinberg's difference method. PMID- 7029573 TI - The use of stable isotopes in pharmacological research. PMID- 7029574 TI - Sixteenth Mary McMillan Lecture. Progress is a relay race. PMID- 7029575 TI - 4,4'-Dimethylangelicin, a monofunctional furocoumarin showing high photosensitizing activity. PMID- 7029576 TI - Endotoxin-elicited fever and anorexia and elfazepam-stimulated feeding in sheep. PMID- 7029577 TI - Intracellular recording from spinal cord motoneurons in the chronic cat. PMID- 7029578 TI - Effect of exercise in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7029579 TI - [Florence Nightingale's concept of nursing]. PMID- 7029580 TI - Isolation of plasmid deletion Mutants and study of their instability. PMID- 7029581 TI - Incompatibility among group Y plasmids. PMID- 7029583 TI - The trifurcation headache. PMID- 7029582 TI - Munchausen's syndrome. PMID- 7029584 TI - Release of prostaglandins E2, I2, and D2 from perfused rabbit vascular tissue stimulated by ricinoleic acid. PMID- 7029585 TI - Effect of intravenous infusion of OKY-1581 (sodium-(E)-3-[4-(3 pyridylmethyl)phenyl] -2-methylacrylate) on circulatory thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin levels in anaesthetized baboon. PMID- 7029586 TI - [Comparison of the antidepressant effects of trazodon and imipramine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029587 TI - [The diagnostic and prognostic significance of disorders of conceptive thinking in schizophrenic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029588 TI - [The growth hormone and the activity of the central nervous system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029589 TI - [Psychotic syndromes in the patients with an initial diagnosis of neurosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029590 TI - [Coping mechanisms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029591 TI - [Dr Jerzy Borysowicz]. PMID- 7029592 TI - [Prof. Tadeusz Bilikiewicz]. PMID- 7029593 TI - In memoriam Marianne Kris 1900-1980. PMID- 7029594 TI - Insight as an embedded concept in the early historical phase of psychoanalysis. PMID- 7029595 TI - Psychoanalysis in America: 1930-1939. AB - During the 1930's in the United States the organizational structure for the growth of psychoanalysis was established: new institutes, requirements for membership, standards for training, and professional journals. As psychoanalysis in Europe was being destroyed by the Nazis, many emigree psychoanalysts found refuge here and were integrated into the development of psychoanalysis in America. PMID- 7029596 TI - Placebo-psychotherapy combinations: inappropriate representations of psychotherapy in drug-psychotherapy comparative trials. PMID- 7029597 TI - Results and cautionary implications of a randomized controlled trial of screening for risk indices and intervention. PMID- 7029598 TI - Food and drug administration celebrates 75 years of consumer protection -- an album from the archives. PMID- 7029599 TI - An outbreak of Nocardia asteroides infection in a renal transplant unit. AB - An outbreak of Nocardia asteroides infection occurred in the nephro-urological intensive care unit, St. Peter's Group of Hospitals, London in 1979. In is suggested that the outbreak has been due to patient-to-patient transmission. Five months before the outbreak. N. asteroides was first isolated from nephrostomy urine from an asymptomatic patient who had undergone several urological operations. Subsequently six of the seven patients admitted for renal transplant over a three month period developed proven infections. The first transplant patient had an abdominal abscess and the other five had only pulmonary disease with obvious radiological lesions. Bacteriological diagnosis was made in three patients by examination of sputum and in the other three from bronchoscopic specimen, pleural fluid and pus from an abscess respectively. Five of the six renal transplant patients were treated with amoxycillin and erythromycin. Clinical and radiological improvement was observed and no patient died as a result of the infection. In the intensive care unit air and dust samplings were positive for N. Asteroides. The unit was closed and fumigated with formaldehyde and when the air sampling continued to be negative the unit was then re-opened. PMID- 7029600 TI - Lipid relation ships in dialysis and renal transplant patients. AB - The relationship of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CHOL) to other lipid fractions and the factos influencing post-transplant hyperlipidaemia have been explored in 28 chronic haemodialysis patients and 20 stable renal allograft recipients. In both groups of patients mean triglyceride (TG) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol VLDL-CHOL) were elevated, but total CHOL and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CHOL) were elevated only in transplanted patients. HDL-CHOL was uniformly low in dialysis patients irrespective of TG, whereas after transplantation mean HDL-CHOL was normal and varied inversely with TG and VLDL-CHOL. Serum creatinine correlated with TG and VLDL-CHOL in transplant patients, and was inversely related to HDL-CHOL. No factors correlated with CHOL or LDL-CHOL in transplant patients, but these lipids were only moderately elevated. Hyperlipidaemia in dialysis and transplant patients is not invariable; its importance for atherogenesis remains to be determined. PMID- 7029601 TI - Life-shortening and carcinogenesis in mice irradiated neonatally with X rays. PMID- 7029602 TI - Toxicity of spleen cell suspensions from heavily irradiated mice--implications for CFU-S seeding. PMID- 7029603 TI - High-dose total-body irradiation and autologous marrow reconstitution in dogs: dose-rate-related acute toxicity and fractionation-dependent long-term survival. PMID- 7029604 TI - Shields Warren (1898-1980). PMID- 7029605 TI - [Formation and repair of gamma-induced DNA breaks in Micrococcus radiodurans cells]. PMID- 7029606 TI - [Postradiation DNA repair of peripheral leukocytes in rats under total gamma irradiation]. PMID- 7029607 TI - [Inhibition of gluconeogenesis processes in the perfused liver of irradiated rats]. PMID- 7029608 TI - [Formation of UV-induced DNA-protein cross-links in bacterial cells and the potentials for their elimination]. PMID- 7029609 TI - [Radioprotective properties of Shigella antigens]. PMID- 7029610 TI - [Interrelation of the basic reactions of the pentosephosphate pathway with glycolysis in the bone marrow of irradiated rats]. PMID- 7029611 TI - Computed tomography of the chest in infants and children: techniques and mediastinal evaluation. PMID- 7029612 TI - Computed tomography of the chest wall, pleura, and pulmonary parenchyma in infants and children. PMID- 7029613 TI - Computed tomography of the musculoskeletal system. PMID- 7029614 TI - Computed tomography of the pediatric spine: a protocol for the 1980's. PMID- 7029615 TI - Computed tomography of abdominal abscesses in children. PMID- 7029616 TI - [Osteonecrosis or spontaneous fractures following renal transplantation. Comparison of radiological changes (author's transl)]. AB - 31 renal transplant recipients with post-transplant development of osteonecrosis or spontaneous fractures were evaluated with regard to age, duration of dialysis before transplantation. Determination of metacarpal bone mass at the time of transplantation and registration of bone resorption and soft tissue calcification at the time of transplantation and at the time of onset of osteonecrosis and spontaneous fractures were made. Apart from the increased mean age in patients with spontaneous fractures no difference was seen between the groups. Osteonecrosis and spontaneous fractures occurred in areas of trabecular bone. It seems most likely that after renal transplantation the patients show bone complications of different localization. PMID- 7029617 TI - Echography of renal transplant patients. AB - Grey-scale echography has been found useful in the detection of rejection, dilatation of the renal cavity system and fluid collections around the renal transplant in 55 patients. Serial ultrasound examinations are essential for the diagnosis of acute rejection as demonstrated in 13 of 19 cases. Authors recommend the extension of ultrasonic examination to the upper abdominal organs and pelvis of renal transplant patients even in symptom-free cases, since in this way it is possible for early detection of occult abdominal diseases, which may jeopardize the success of surgery. PMID- 7029618 TI - [Myelography with amipaque in infants and children (author's transl)]. AB - The non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium Amipaque (metrizamide) shows a lowered neurotoxicity, and therefore it may be used in the entire spinal canal. The better visibility of fine structures compared with oily and gaseous contrast media allows an excellent diagnostic approach to all spinal affections. Our technique of myelography is described and typical examples are given. PMID- 7029619 TI - The role of angiographic hemostasis in salvage of the injured spleen. PMID- 7029620 TI - Hybrid subtraction for improved arteriography. AB - A hybrid subtraction method to reduce the motion sensitivity of temporal subtraction for intravenous arteriography is described. Hybrid subtraction uses dual-energy scanned projection radiography to provide pre- and post-contrast images with the soft tissues subtracted. These pre- and post-contrast soft-tissue cancelled images are then subtracted. Because involuntary motion (such as swallowing or bowel peristalsis) often affects soft tissues primarily, this hybrid technique provides better visualization of carotid and abdominal arteries than temporal or dual-energy subtraction alone. PMID- 7029621 TI - Exercise testing and ancillary techniques to screen for coronary heart disease. PMID- 7029622 TI - Analytical goals in clinical biochemistry. PMID- 7029623 TI - Progress in therapeutic drug monitoring: clinical laboratory considerations. PMID- 7029624 TI - Immunodeficiency diseases. PMID- 7029625 TI - Response of clinical chemistry quantity values to selected physical, dietary, and smoking activities. PMID- 7029626 TI - The application of contingency theory to organization and management in laboratory medicine. PMID- 7029627 TI - Statistical aspects of reference values in clinical pathology. PMID- 7029628 TI - Mathematical approaches to the analysis of laboratory data. PMID- 7029629 TI - [Recent developement and problems of experimental studies on acetylcholine receptor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029630 TI - [Acetylcholine receptor; structure and function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029631 TI - [Histamine receptors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029632 TI - [Storage and release of acetylcholine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029633 TI - [Intracellular mechanism for the release of adrenal catecholamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029634 TI - [Mechanism of release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029635 TI - [Biogenic amines involved in hypothalamic control over the pituitary (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029636 TI - [Nerve growth factor and ornithine decarboxylase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029637 TI - [Role of polyamines in expression of the differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes in culture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029638 TI - [Biogenic amines and sleep (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029639 TI - [Correlation between monoamine content in the brain and discriminative learning ability (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029640 TI - [Biogenic amines and reproductive behaviors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029641 TI - [Biorhythm in melatonin and biofeedback control (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029642 TI - [Biogenic amines and hyperphenylalaninemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029643 TI - [Catecholamines and cardiovascular diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029644 TI - [Hypertension and plasma catecholamines--analysis by radioenzymatic method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029645 TI - [Abnormalities of catecholamine metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029646 TI - [Mating type differentiation by transposable genetic elements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029647 TI - [Biosynthesis of cytokinins in higher plants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029648 TI - Prevention of aspirin-induced fecal blood loss with oral prostaglandin E2: dose response studies in man. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum effective protective dose of PGE2 given concurrently with ASA. Thirty-two adult male volunteers completed a double-blind placebo-controlled experiment. Fecal blood loss was measured by the 51Cr technique for 15 days. ASA (650 mg four times daily) was given for the middle 5 days and in addition subjects received PGE2 orally in doses of 0.04 mg, 0.25 mg or 0.5 mg or placebo four times daily. In the control group ASA caused a significant increase in fecal blood and this was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by the three doses of PGE2 employed. Serum salicylate was elevated similarly in all four groups. Four subjects receiving 0.5 mg PGE2 experienced mild transient side effects. It is concluded that concurrent treatment with oral PGE2 affords significant dose-dependent protection against ASA-induced gastrointestinal blood loss and that even a dose of 0.04 mg four times daily provided some protection. PMID- 7029649 TI - Clinical trials with prostaglandin E2. PMID- 7029650 TI - A therapeutic trial of 15 (R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 in rheumatoid arthritis patients with gastroduodenal lesions. AB - Thirteen patients who had rheumatoid arthritis and gastroduodenal lesion (erosions, ulcers) received 200 micrograms/d of 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 (MPGE2) for one month in a controlled, randomized, double-blind crossover study. The patients continued their usual arthritis medications. Serial assessments were made with endoscopy and multiple antral biopsies. Seven patients improved on MPGE2 and 3 improved on placebo. Two patients worsened on MPGE2 compared with 3 on placebo. No dramatic benefit was observed after one month of therapy with MPGE2, although a moderate benefit could have been missed in a small study of this type. Our experience with this study suggests that future studies in rheumatoid arthritis should first establish the natural history of lesions in a given group of patients, that a cross-over design may actually hamper interpretation and that therapy should be more prolonged. PMID- 7029651 TI - The role of prostacyclin (PGI2) in metabolic hyperemia. AB - We explored the possibility that prostacyclin might be the dilator metabolite of postprandial hyperemia. In canine free-flow preparations, effects of prostacyclin were compared with effects of actively absorbed nutrients on hemodynamic and metabolic parameters in the small intestine. Prostacyclin was infused directly into the superior mesenteric artery for 10 minutes at 1.0 nanograms/kg-min. In absorptive study an isosmotic solution of glucose (1.0 g/l) dissolved in 0.9% NaCl was perfused through the gut lumen for 20 minutes. Prostacyclin increased total blood flow to the intestinal segment and decreased oxygen extraction, while not significantly changing either oxygen consumption or PS-product. Active cotransport of glucose and sodium increased total blood flow, oxygen extraction, oxygen consumption and PS-product. In constant flow canine gut preparations, intraarterial prostacyclin infusion decreased arterial pressure, oxygen extraction, oxygen consumption and mesenteric vascular resistance but increased venous pressure. Absorption of glucose and sodium increased oxygen extraction but decreased mesenteric vascular resistance while not affecting other parameters significantly. Since responses to prostacyclin did not coincide with responses to metabolically dependent transport of glucose and sodium, we conclude that the dilator metabolite of postprandial hyperemia is probably not prostacyclin. PMID- 7029652 TI - The role of prostaglandins in the regulation of gastric mucosal blood flow. AB - It has been postulated that endogenous gastric prostaglandin activity contributes to the maintenance of non-stimulated gastric mucosal blood flow. Prostacyclin and PGE2 increase mucosal blood flow in the non-stimulated canine stomach. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by aspirin or indomethacin causes a reduction of 30% to 50% in nonstimulated gastric mucosal blood flow in dog and rat. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that endogenous prostaglandin activity within the gastric mucosa contributes to the maintenance of its blood flow. Also it has been postulated that endogenous prostaglandins may, in part, mediate the vasodilation associated with stimulated gastric acid secretion. Exogenous prostacyclin and PGE2 inhibit stimulated acid secretion while increasing mucosal blood flow. Indomethacin and aspirin-inhibited endogenous prostaglandin synthesis has been reported to increase stimulated acid secretion and reduce mucosal blood flow in anesthetized rat and dog. In gastric secretory fluid, prostaglandins have been detected during gastrin stimulated by some investigators and a dose response relationship between rate of secretion and fluid prostaglandin output has been observed. These observations may, in part, contribute to the regulation of mucosal blood flow during stimulated acid secretion. Further studies, directly measuring specific endogenous prostaglandin and their metabolic products within the gastric mucosa during stimulated and inhibited acid secretion will be necessary to prove or disprove this hypothesis. PMID- 7029653 TI - Current history of cytoprotection. PMID- 7029654 TI - Effect of bisenoic prostaglandins on the uterine vasculature of the nonpregnant sheep. AB - The effects of the bisenoic prostaglandins on the uterine vasculature and uterine contractile activity have been evaluated in an unanesthetized chronically catheterized nonpregnant sheep preparation. Changes in uterine blood flow were monitored with electromagnetic flow probes while uterine contractile activity and tone were determined via an intra-uterine balloon connected to a pressure transducer. Prostaglandins A2, D2, E2, and prostacyclin (PGI2) were all found to be vasodilators. PGD2 and PGI2 were much more potent than PGA2 and PGE2 in dilating the uterine vasculature. The prostacyclin breakdown product 6-keto PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, thromboxane B2, and the endoperoxide analogues U44069 and U46619 produced vasoconstriction of the uterine vasculature. Prostaglandins A2, D2 and F2 alpha increased while PGI2 decreased uterine contractile activity. PGF2 alpha also increased uterine tone suggesting that a portion of its vasoconstrictor activity may be due to mechanical compression of the uterine vasculature. PMID- 7029655 TI - Isolation of prostacyclin from whole blood. AB - A method was development for the isolation of prostacyclin (PGI2) from whole blood in a fraction suitable for high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of PGI2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-K-PGF1 alpha). Prostacyclin was stabilized in whole blood by rapidly raising the pH to 10 with Na2CO3 and cooling the samples to 0 degree C. Under these conditions, 2.9% hydrolysis was observed after 20 min. Reverse phase extraction columns were used to directly extract both PGI2 and 6-K-PGF1 alpha from the alkaline plasma with recoveries of greater than 95% using an acetonitrile/2mM Na2B4O7, pH 10, 40/60 elution solvent mixture. An additional 1.7% hydrolysis was found during the column extraction procedure. Final separation of PGI2 and 6-K-PGF1 alpha was performed with HPLC using an alkaline solvent system. This method is capable of rapidly and efficiently extracting and separating PGI2 and 6-K-PGF1 alpha from whole blood or plasma. It introduces less than 5% hydrolysis of PGI2, thus providing a means of applying highly sensitive 6-K-PGF1 alpha assays to the determination of PGI2 levels in physiological samples. PMID- 7029656 TI - Prostaglandins and renin release: III. Effects of PGE1, E2 F2 alpha and D2 on renin release from rabbit renal cortical slices. AB - We have investigated the direct effects of prostaglandins E1, E2, F2 alpha and D2 on renin release from rabbit renal cortical slices. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was the most potent stimulant of renin release, while PGE2 was 20-30 fold less active. PGF2 alpha was found not to be an inhibitor of renin release as reported by others, but rather a weak agonist. PGD2 up to a concentration of 10 microgram/ml had no activity in this system. That the stimulation of renin release by PGE1 is a direct effect is supported by the finding that PGE1-induced release is not blocked by L-propranolol or by delta 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor. The fatty acid precursor of PGE1, delta 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, also stimulated renin release, an effect which was blocked by ETYA. In addition to the above findings, ethanol, a compound frequently used to dissolve prostaglandins, was shown to inhibit renin release. PMID- 7029657 TI - Effects of various prostanoids on the in vitro metabolism of bovine articular chondrocytes. AB - The dose-dependent effects of 9 prostanoids (PGA1, PGA2, PGE1, PGE2, PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, PGD2, PGI2, 6 keto-PGF1 alpha) on metabolism of cultured bovine articular chondrocytes were investigated. Most prostanoids dose-dependently inhibited 35SO4= and 3H-glycine incorporation. At 25 microgram/ml, the inhibitory sequence was A2 greater than or equal to D2 greater than E2= E1 = A1 greater than 6 keto-F1 alpha greater than F1 greater than F2, but sensitivity (lowest dose eliciting inhibition) followed the sequence E2 greater than 6 keto-F1 alpha = F1 greater than A2 = D2 greater than E1 greater than A1. At 25 microgram/ml, PGA2 also inhibited incorporation of 3H-cytidine and 3H-thymidine, but had no significant effect on 3H-glucose or 14C-xylose incorporation. The inhibitory effect of PGA2 was apparent after 30 minutes exposure for 35SO4= and after 60 minutes for 3H-cytidine, and was still present up to 72 hours following incubation in fresh non-PG-containing medium. PGI2 had no significant effect on 35SO4= incorporation but at concentrations below 10 microgram/ml enhanced uptake of 3H-glycine. The PG-induced inhibitory effect was apparently not due to cell damage as indicated by measurement of 3H-glucose metabolism and lactate production. PMID- 7029658 TI - [Cause and methods of elimination of nonspecific immunofluorescence of Treponema pallidum. Role of human complement in the Treponema pallidum immunofluorescence reaction]. PMID- 7029659 TI - [Pemphigoid in a 4-year-old child]. PMID- 7029660 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the treatment of pemphigus with corticosteroids and corticosteroids combined with immunosuppressive agents]. PMID- 7029661 TI - [Results of treatment of complicated gonorrhea with cephalosporins]. PMID- 7029662 TI - [Pelvic inflammatory diseases as a sequel to gonorrhea]. PMID- 7029663 TI - [Studies on the Treponema reactions in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with syphilis]. PMID- 7029664 TI - [Mechanism of action and metabolism of androgens with particular reference to the skin]. PMID- 7029665 TI - [Amyloidosis and the skin]. PMID- 7029666 TI - [Freud's delusions of grandeur, his concept of the unconscious and the Vienna decadence]. PMID- 7029667 TI - ["Medial" psychotherapy in a depressive crisis. A curiosity from the years 1833/34]. PMID- 7029668 TI - Experiences in denture processing. PMID- 7029669 TI - Metal preparation of ceramic substructures. PMID- 7029671 TI - Problems in spruing: a student's approach (I). PMID- 7029670 TI - Shrinkage and warpage of denture base materials using the Ristau Platform and the Ristau Post Dam. PMID- 7029672 TI - Evolution of the NIH guidelines. PMID- 7029673 TI - A qualitative comparison of canine plasma gastroenteropancreatic hormone response to bombesin and the porcine gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP). AB - The effect on plasma gastroenteropancreatic hormone levels on infusing the porcine gastrin-releasing peptide and bombesin into dogs demonstrated no qualitative difference in the spectrum of activity of the two peptides. Sustained elevation in plasma immunoreactive gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide, enteroglucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, pancreatic glucagon and transient elevations in plasma insulin were seen during infusions of both peptides. The similar spectrum of activities and the structural homology between the two peptides suggests that the porcine gastrin releasing peptide is the porcine counterpart of the amphibian peptide bombesin. PMID- 7029674 TI - The response of plasma gastric-inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) to slow and fast glucose ingestion in Billroth II resected patients and normal controls. AB - Eight Billroth II resected patients and 8 normal controls were given two oral glucose loads, one ingested within 2 min, and the other ingested slowly over 80 min. In the Billroth II resected group, the integrated plasma GIP release was significantly higher after the fast than after the slow glucose ingestion. In this group the integrated plasma GIP release was also significantly higher than in the control group, but only after the fast glucose ingestion. These findings indicate that the rate of glucose delivery into the intestine may be of importance in the plasma GIP response to oral glucose. PMID- 7029675 TI - [Infections caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. Review of their clinical and bacteriological aspects]. PMID- 7029676 TI - [Ethical aspects of intervention studies (author's transl)]. AB - Since the Second World War international ethical codes have been developed which aim to protect the individual in relation to medical experimentation. It is in these codes, rather than in the provisions of different national codes, that the principles applicable to epidemiological intervention studies should be sought. Having recalled the main characteristics of such studies, and particularly those which distinguish them from clinical trials, the authors consider two specific aspects of the issue: the balance between risks and benefits, and informed consent. Concerning the risk/benefit relationship, it appears important to distinguish between primary prevention (the subjects involved are healthy but at risk), secondary prevention (the subjects involved have the disease in question but are asymptomatic) and tertiary prevention (the subjects involved are ill). The principles of informed consent in intervention studies may be drawn from those governing clinical trials, particularly where the intervention can be applied to individuals. When it cannot be individualized (for example, fluoridation of drinking water) the alternative suggested by some authors is that individual consent may be replaced by community consent or that of its representatives. Some implications of the observation of these two types of principles are considered. PMID- 7029677 TI - [Problems in designing a protocol for a leprosy vaccine trial. (author's transl)]. AB - Investigations carried out by the Scientific Working Group on Immunology of Leprosy (IMMLEP) have led to the planning of field trials of an experimental vaccine preparation to be carried out in few years' time. The objectives of these trials have been defined as follows: 1) The main objective should be the assessment of the protective effect of the vaccine against leprosy, its various forms and more particularly the lepromatous form. 2) Another important objective will be to determine the value and significance of the greatest possible number of immunological tests as indicators of sensitization and as preliminary indicators of protection against leprosy, its various forms and more particularly the lepromatous form. The protocol of the trials should take into account the following points: 1) In view of the uneven distribution of leprosy, the variations in the distribution of its various forms, as well as the unknown epidemiological factors, several trials should be planned with at least one in a country in Asia or Africa and one in a country in Latin America. 2) Because of the long incubation of leprosy and its occurrence at any age, all age groups should be included in the trials. 3) To take into account the low incidence of leprosy, the trials should involve a large population and the observation period should last about ten years. 4) In view of the low incidence of leprosy and its uneven distribution, the random sampling for allocation to vaccinated and control groups should be based on individuals. 5) Because of the absence of objective criteria for the diagnosis of leprosy, provision should be made in the protocol to minimize over- and under-diagnosis. 6) When the immunological tests to ber studied within the protocol itself may affect the results of the trial, special groups should be planned for these investigations. PMID- 7029678 TI - [Indications for intra-aortic balloon pumping in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7029679 TI - [Angiographic findings and selective intracoronary thrombolysis in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Preliminary study and review of the literature]. PMID- 7029681 TI - [Pneumothorax seen by Th. Laennec]. PMID- 7029680 TI - [Localizations of pleuro-pulmonary lupus. Analytical study. Discussion of aetiology and pathology. Guide to practical management (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029682 TI - Prospective and controlled studies on multidisciplinary treatment in gastrointestinal cancer. PMID- 7029683 TI - Recent results of clinical therapeutic trials for gastrointestinal malignancies conducted in the United States. PMID- 7029684 TI - A controlled prospective trial of adjuvant razoxane in resectable colorectal cancer. AB - Following resection of their tumour, 162 patients with colorectal cancer entered a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial of adjuvant oral razoxane. Thirty-one patients were Duke's group A; 49 group B; 61 group C; and 17 group D; an additional four patients were randomized in error. The adjuvant group received the usual clinical care and 125 mg razoxane twice daily for 5 consecutive days (monday-friday) every week indefinitely. Control patients received the same clinical care as the adjuvant group, but no razoxane. At 3 years, 134 patients (84%) are evaluable. The recurrence rate in the first 6 months was 20% and 28% respectively in the Duke's B and C controls compared with 4% and 9% in the corresponding razoxane treated patients. Most recurrences occurred within the first 6 months from randomization. When all patients as randomized are included in the analysis of survival, irrespective of whether they were cured by surgery (Duke's A), had advanced cancer (Duke's D), or took no razoxane when randomized to take it, then as might be expected any differences there may be between the razoxane-treated and control patients with minimal residual disease (Duke's B and C) are so distorted that the p value of the difference in survival was 0.93. If however only patients with Duke's group B or C are taken (49 controls and 47 treated), log-rank analysis reveals a difference in the cancer mortality curves (p = 0.07). If patients who had been randomized to take razoxane, but who had not taken it at any time (and therefore received the same treatment as controls) are analysed with the controls, the difference between the two groups increases further, with p less than 0.05. The razoxane-treated patients experienced no significant toxicity apart from a readily reversible mild leukopenia in 52% while gastrointestinal symptoms necessitated stopping the drug in only four patients. These four all took the drug for less than 4 weeks. Because there was no toxicity to subtract from any benefit razoxane adjuvant treatment produced and the quality of life was not impaired, the therapeutic benefit of surgery wsa increased to the extent that razoxane increased survival of patients with Duke's B and C tumours. PMID- 7029685 TI - Factors modulating the renal handling of phosphate. PMID- 7029686 TI - Effect of aging on single nephron renin content in rats. AB - To investigate the relation between renin content in each juxtaglomerular apparatus and reduction of plasma renin activity (PRA) with aging, the PRA and microdissected superficial or juxtamedullary single nephron renin content (SNRC) were determined in 5 young (3-6 months) and 5 aged (13-18 months) rats fed on a normal salt diet. The mean value of the PRA in the aged group was significantly lower than that of the young group. A highly significant correlation was found between the RPA and mean values of the superficial SNRC. The mean values of both the superficial and deep SNRC in the aged rats were significantly lower than those of the corresponding zones in the young rats. It is suggested that decreased synthesis of renin in each juxtaglomerular apparatus is an important factor in the decreased PRA observed with aging. PMID- 7029687 TI - The production of monoclonal antibodies against glomerular and other antigens of the human nephron. AB - During our studies on human kidney tubular antigens we have applied the technique of cell fusion for the preparation of monoclonal antibodies. For this purpose, plasma membranes were prepared from human kidney cortex by homogenization, fractionated on density gradients and selected according to brush border marker enzyme activity. Spleen cells from Balb/c mice hyperimmunized with plasma membranes were fused (PEG) with NS1 plasmocytoma cells by standard procedure. Culture supernatants were tested for presence of specific antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence with fluorescein-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse Fab antibodies on human kidney slices. In two fusions (210 wells), 70 positive hybrids were found secreting antibodies for a variety of antigens in the kidney. Most of them were directed against tubular antigens. In addition, as a by-product, we detected hybridomas which secreted antibodies specific for antigens in other parts of the nephron, such as glomeruli, blood cloning, and monoclonal antibodies were produced in large amounts from ascitic fluid. Some of these antibodies are specific for antigens of the basement membrane, others for antigens of the mesangium. Some recognize antigens present on glomeruli alone, others recognize antigens present on glomeruli and tubules or on glomeruli and blood vessels. We are convinced that the new immunological technique will yield better information on the antigenic microstructure of the nephron. In addition, the monoclonal and, by definition, monospecific antibodies might be useful for diagnostic purposes: recognition and quantitation of the corresponding antigens in the serum and/or urine of patients suffering from kidney diseases. PMID- 7029688 TI - Evolution and characterization of renal immune complexes deposition in mice bearing a syngeneic tumor. AB - Immune complex deposition along the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and in the mesangium in C57BL/6 mice bearing a transplantable syngeneic B16 melanoma is described. By immunofluorescence studies, IgG, IgM and C3 were found deposited along the GBM and the mesangium. Electron microscopy showed electron-dense deposits localized in GBM and mesangial matrix. The intensity of the immune complexes deposited in the glomeruli was correlated with progression of tumor size. In order to study the evolution of deposits, a monitoring protocol was designed. One group consisted of mice bearing B16 melanoma. They showed decreased immune complex deposition after tumor removal. Control mice inoculated with saline did not present immune complex deposition. Sham-operated mice bearing B16 melanoma showed progressive renal deposition of immune complexes. Immune complexes were made up of tumor antigen and antimelanoma antibodies and were partial characterized by elution, immunofluorescence and immunodiffusion procedures. Antimelanoma antibodies eluted from kidneys of tumor-bearing mice were of IgG class and reacted with a soluble product extracted from B16 melanoma cells. PMID- 7029689 TI - Concentration of renin in the renal interstitium, as reflected in lymph. AB - The relationship between renin activity in renal venous plasma and in renal interstitial fluid, as reflected in the hilar lymph, was observed. Control measurements in 28 dogs demonstrated that renin levels in the hilar lymph were 3.5 +/-- (SEM) 0.4 times higher than in renal venous plasma and 6.1 +/- 1.0 times higher than in arterial plasma. Renin activity was increased to varying levels by raising ureteric pressure and by the administration of different doses of furosemide. Under all conditions, the changes in renin activity in renal venous plasma and in the interstitium, as reflected in the hilar lymph, were in parallel although often marked in the hilar lymph. Thus, the study shows that under conditions of increased renin release, the interstitial renin activity rises in consort with increases in arteriovenous plasma differences. This increase in interstitial renin activity occurred even under circumstances when renal blood flow is known to increase, thereby suggesting that angiotensin generated in the interstitium may have little effect on the cortical arteriolar caliber. PMID- 7029690 TI - IgE bound to mast cells in bronchial mucosa and skin in atopic subjects. AB - In immune reactions of the immediate type, IgE bound to the membrane of mast cells plays an important role. In 45 patients with allergy and 12 patients without allergy the IgE load on mast cells in bronchial mucosa and skin was measured by an immunofluorescent technique. In the allergic patients a positive score was found in 38 bronchial biopsies and 31 cutaneous biopsies. The difference is significant in favor of the positive score of the bronchus biopsy. A correlation between the titre of IgE, bound on mast cells and the number of mast cells was not found. PMID- 7029691 TI - [Prof. Alejandro Garreton Silva 1900-1980]. PMID- 7029692 TI - [Granulocyte transfusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029693 TI - [Initial sanitary projects and antivenereal campaigns in Chile, after the independence (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029694 TI - [More organ donors must be recruited]. PMID- 7029695 TI - [Plastic surgery in regional hospitals (Moutier, Delemont, Porrentruy)]. PMID- 7029696 TI - [Comparative clinical study of the association of chlordiazepoxide-amitriptyline and maprotiline in patients suffering from depression with anxiety components]. PMID- 7029697 TI - [Money in the therapeutic relation]. PMID- 7029698 TI - Doctor Gelineau (1828-1906): narcolepsy centennial. PMID- 7029699 TI - [Changes in nasal breathing caused by maxillary expansion]. PMID- 7029700 TI - [Pustules]. PMID- 7029701 TI - [The bulla, a basic lesion]. PMID- 7029702 TI - Histological, histochemical and electron microscopic study on alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 7029703 TI - [Fiessinger-Leroy-Reiter syndrome associated with a positive serology for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis]. PMID- 7029704 TI - [Another case of aseptic arthritis during Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection]. PMID- 7029705 TI - [LAI test in pregnant women having EPH toxemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029706 TI - Indications for combining fixed and removable partial dentures. PMID- 7029707 TI - Chemotherapeutic activity of the combination of sulfachloropyridazine and trimethoprim against experimental colibacillosis of chickens and piglets and demonstration of the trimethoprim-induced potentiation of sulfachloropyridazine in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7029708 TI - [Comparative study of urine in dogs using Urotube vet. Roche, Bactrim-Urotube and standard bacteriological methods]. PMID- 7029709 TI - The primary structure of snake (Zaocys dhumnades dhumnades, Cantor) insulin. AB - Snake insulin is isolated and crystallized from the pancreas of non-venomous snake (Zaocys dhumnades dhumnades, Cantor). The crystalline form is not rhombohedral but dodecahedral. The primary structure has been determined with the aid of an LKB solid-phase sequencer. In the primary structure of snake insulin, the presence of B5 Arg, B29 Arg, B16 Phe, B25 Tyr and B18 Ile is unusual in comparison with insulins from mammals, birds and fishes. However, the snake insulin we studied is very similar to rattle snake insulin, with the exception that A15 is glutamic acid instead of glutamine and B30 is threonine instead of serine. These differences are consistent with the higher acidity of the snake insulin we studied and with the threonine and serine content in amino acid analysis. The B10 residue of the snake insulin we studied is still histidine. The formation of dodecahedral crystals of the snake insulin has been discussed in connection with the presence of this histidine. PMID- 7029710 TI - Tyrosine micro-region of E. coli L-asparaginase. AB - The relationship between conformation change and activity of E. coli L asparaginase has been studied with circular dichroism spectra and microcaloric methods. In many papers, it has been pointed out that the active site of L asparaginase is closely related to tyrosyl residues. The present authors have studied the effects of L-cysteine on the activity and the conformation of L asparaginase with UV difference spectra and kinetic methods. Moreover, we have studied the space arrangement of tyrosyl residues in the enzyme molecule. The results show that every enzyme molecule contains about 56 tyrosyl residues, 20 of which are in the hydrophobic core of the enzyme molecule, another 20 at the surface of the enzyme molecule, and the rest in the rifts and hollows of the enzyme molecule. Meanwhile, further study has also been made to determine the relationship between the changes of the enzyme activity and the ionization of tyrosyl residues as well as their chemical modification. By Zou Chenglu's graphical method we have proved that two tyrosyl residues at the surface of the enzyme molecule are the essential groups. PMID- 7029711 TI - Cousins' account of self-cure rapped. PMID- 7029712 TI - Correcting the phenotype of the epidermis from chick embryos homozygous for the gene scaleless (sc/sc). AB - Scutate scales are completely missing in the scaleless (sc/sc) mutant chicken. Organ cultures consisting of epidermis from sc/sc embryos combined with normal (+/+) scale dermis of the same developmental age produce the scaleless phenotype, but the same scaleless epidermis in combination with normal dermis from more differentiated embryonic scales forms perfectly normal scales. PMID- 7029713 TI - Vertebrate cell cycle modulates infection by protozoan parasites. AB - Synchronized HeLa cell populations were exposed to Trypanosoma cruzi or Toxoplasma gondii, obligate intracellular protozoan parasites that cause Chagas' disease and toxoplasmosis, respectively, in humans. The ability of the two parasites to infect HeLa cells increased as the HeLa cells proceeded from the G1 phase to the S phase of their growth cycle and decreased as the cells entered G2 M. Characterization of the S-phase cell surface components responsible for this phenomenon could be beneficial in the development of vaccines against these parasitic diseases. PMID- 7029714 TI - Novel peptide neuronal system in rat brain and pituitary. AB - Immunohistofluorescence studies of the rat central nervous system with antibodies to Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (molluskan cardioexcitatory peptide) revealed a widespread neuronal system in the brain, spinal cord, and posterior pituitary. Immunoreactive axons and cell bodies were mainly located in cortical, limbic, and hypothalamic areas. Immunostaining of serial sections of the brain and pituitary showed that the Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 immunoreactive neurons were different from neurons labeled by antibodies to either Met-enkephalin or the putative Met enkephalin precursor Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe, which is structurally related to Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2. Control staining by antiserum absorption and radioimmunoassay indicated that the antibodies that caused the specific immunofluorescence recognized peptides with an amidated Arg-Phe sequence at the carboxyl terminus. PMID- 7029715 TI - Autoimmune encephalomyelitis: simultaneous identification of T and B cells in the target organ. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to guinea pig T cells and antibodies to guinea pig immunoglobulin G were used in immunofluorescence studies to identify T and B cells in central nervous system tissue from guinea pigs with acute autoimmune encephalomyelitis. T cells appeared before B cells and were distributed within the white matter parenchyma, while B cells remained in perivascular spaces. PMID- 7029716 TI - Long-term outcome of premature infants treated with theophylline. PMID- 7029717 TI - Monitoring of serum theophylline concentrations. AB - When properly performed, analysis of serum theophylline concentrations can yield important data for management, whether one is dealing with premature babies being treated for apnea or older children being treated for asthma. Serum levels are not fault-free and must be interpreted in concert with historical and clinical observations. One day we will monitor serum levels of theophylline and a number of other drugs as frequently and as accurately as we currently monitor serum electrolytes. PMID- 7029718 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy for infective endocarditis. AB - A man with stenosis of the aortic valve acquired endocarditis after abdominal surgery. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were cultured from his blood. The blood cultures remained positive despite intravenous gentamicin and cephalothin to which the organisms were sensitive in vitro. Ultimately, the blood was sterilized by a combination of gentamicin and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole taken orally. The course of the patient was complicated by cardiac arrest and pericardial tamponade caused by a valve ring abscess and a dissecting mycotic aneurysm of the coronary sinus of Valsalva. Aortic valve replacement and right coronary artery bypass were performed. A prolonged course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was given postoperatively, and the patient has had no evidence of recurrent infection after five years. Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, in combination with other antibiotics, has been successfully used to treat other patients with bacterial endocarditis and thus may be an alternative for patients in whom conventional therapy has failed. PMID- 7029719 TI - Differential diagnosis of acute weakness. AB - Muscle weakness evolving rapidly over hours to days demands prompt diagnosis and proper treatment to prevent life-threatening respiratory insufficiency. Such weakness usually results from disease affecting some portion of the motor unit, such as poliomyelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, botulism, and dyskalemic myopathy. The differential diagnosis of these processes is discussed. PMID- 7029720 TI - Gram-negative sepsis in a patient with jaundice. PMID- 7029721 TI - Salmonella mycotic aneurysm after renal transplantation. AB - A 50-year-old renal transplant recipient had Salmonella sepsis. When antibiotic therapy failed to eradicate the infection, abdominal aortography revealed an unsuspected mycotic aneurysm. After ligation and aneurysmectomy the patient's blood stream became sterile. Mycotic aneurysm should be considered when Salmonella sepsis is unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7029722 TI - Failure of oral erythromycin therapy for Legionnaires' disease in a renal transplant recipient. PMID- 7029723 TI - Shigella sonnei and acute pelvic peritonitis. PMID- 7029725 TI - [Public and medical activities of A. N. Toliverova]. PMID- 7029724 TI - [N. S. Leskov on public health problems (on the 150th anniversary of the birth of the writer)]. PMID- 7029726 TI - [Great physician, scientist and thinker. On the centenary of the death of Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov]. PMID- 7029727 TI - [Views of physician and humanist F. P. Gaaz]. PMID- 7029728 TI - [The Hilandar Medical Codex]. PMID- 7029729 TI - [Health conditions in Belgrade during the occupation in World War I and the 1918 1919 Spanish influenza epidemic]. PMID- 7029730 TI - Psychological reactions of disaster victims. AB - A general review of psychological reactions to a disaster situation in four groups of people is presented. Adult reactions (and management thereof) vary according to the phase of the disaster, viz (i) the pre-impact phase characterized by underactivity, development of anxiety symptoms or involvement in adaptive activities; (ii) the warning phase typically manifested by overactivity; (iii) the impact phase characterized by bewilderment, confusion or hysteria; (iv) the turmoil-recoil phase manifesting in emotional expression relating to the immediate past; and (v) the emotionally wounded or post-traumatic phase featuring reconstructive activity with some elements of anger and resentment. Reactions in children are usually transitory but may be influenced by parental psychopathology, separation anxiety or previous emotional disturbances. Typical adult reactions seen in the elderly may be compounded by what has been termed a high sense of deprivation. Relief workers are exposed to psychic stress in the form of greater responsibilities and role identification and many also show delayed reactions to the death and destruction observed. PMID- 7029731 TI - Marburg virus disease. The diagnosis and management of suspected cases. AB - Marburg virus disease is an African disease of unknown epidemiology. The infection is pantropic and highly contagious. Haemorrhage and other features cause serious morbidity and high mortality, and early diagnosis is essential. Viral haemorrhagic fever is diagnosed clinically and confirmed by coagulation studies. Electron microscopy and serology are necessary for the identification of the virus, as Lassa and Ebola viruses (among other organisms) give similar symptoms, and Ebola virus is morphologically indistinguishable from Marburg virus. Treatment is essentially supportive. Patients and contacts must be isolated and monitored, and extreme precautions must be taken by hospital and laboratory staff to prevent their own infection. PMID- 7029732 TI - A comparison between oxaprozin and naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7029733 TI - Malaria 'breakthroughs' and resistance to chloroquine in Africa. Case reports. AB - Four cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria are presented. These cases are typical of chloroquine resistant malaria, with their pattern of 'breakthrough' malaria despite chloroquine prophylaxis, absence of response to therapeutic doses of chloroquine and recrudescence of the malarial parasites. These cases should alert physicians in other parts of the world, who may have to treat travelers from Central and West Africa, and particularly from the Ivory Coast, to the possibility that the malaria contracted in these areas may be chloroquine resistant. The most effective drug in these cases appears to be a combination of sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine. PMID- 7029734 TI - Fetal abnormality associated with the use of captopril during pregnancy. PMID- 7029735 TI - Metabolism and requirements of ascorbic acid in man. AB - The metabolism and absorption of ascorbic acid in man are reviewed. The daily requirement of ascorbic acid in male non-smoking volunteers was studied by following the kinetics of a single dose of (1-14C) ascorbic acid under steady state conditions. A diet low in vitamin C and daily supplements of ascorbic acid (30-180 mg) were given. The time course of elimination of radioactivity from plasma and urinary excretion data were used to calculate kinetic parameters. The overall half-life was calculated as 10 - 20 days and is dependent of plasma ascorbate levels. The body pool approached 20 mg/kg body weight at a plasma ascorbate concentration of 0.9 mg/dl and was maintained by a total turnover of 60 mg/d. The necessary daily intake of ascorbic acid to match this turnover is 70-80 mg, since absorption is incomplete (80-90%). Therefore, to cover at least 95% of the non-smoking male population a daily intake of 100 mg ascorbic acid is required. Similar studies have been carried out in smokers known to have lowered plasma ascorbate levels. Results suggest that the requirement of ascorbic acid is increased in smokers--a daily intake of 140 mg ascorbic acid is thought to be adequate non-smoking male population a daily intake of 100 mg ascorbic acid is required. Similar studies have been carried out in smokers known to have lowered plasma ascorbate levels. Results suggest that the requirement of ascorbic acid is increased in smokers-a daily intake of 140 mg ascorbic acid is thought to be adequate. PMID- 7029736 TI - Circulating immune complexes in normal blood donors of three races. AB - Circulating immune complexes were measured by means of a modified Raji cell assay in 50 blood donors from each of three race groups - Indian, Black and White. The results ranged widely and were, on average, higher in Blacks than in others. The difference is probably related to the hypergammaglobulinaemia commonly found in Blacks. For maximum clinical usefulness, results should be expressed so as to indicate the degree of variation from the appropriate normal mean. PMID- 7029737 TI - Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to lead with a zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) meter. AB - Recent literature dealing with biological monitoring of people exposed to lead at work is reviewed. The widespread trend to regard lower levels of lead in air or in the blood of workers as acceptable or as recommended upper limits is discussed. Based on practical experience over a 6-month period, it is concluded that the zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) test is an adequate, convenient and inexpensive screening method for monitoring workers exposed to lead in a motor care manufacturing plant. PMID- 7029738 TI - [The formulation of objectives in a medical faculty]. AB - As a starting point in a process of curriculum reevaluation, the Faculty of Medicine of the University of the Orange Free State prepared a document stating the objectives of its undergraduate medical training. Seventeen general faculty objectives stating the broad educational aims of the Faculty were formulated. From these general objectives intermediate objectives were derived. These intermediate objectives are intended to serve as a guide to departments in the planning of individual courses during the various phases of the curriculum. PMID- 7029739 TI - Symptomatology of temporal lobe epilepsy. AB - The numerous and varied symptoms of temporal lobe epilepsy are reviewed in detail. Partial elementary, partial complex, secondary generalized, post-ictal and predisposing aetiological symptoms are examined. PMID- 7029740 TI - A fixed combination of metoprolol and chlorthalidone in hypertension. A clinical trial in general practice. AB - Seventy-one patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension completed 14 weeks' treatment with a single daily dose of fixed combination of metoprolol tartrate 100 mg and chlorthalidone 25 mg (Logroton; Geigy). This represents 6958 patient-days of treatment. Mean blood pressures, both supine and standing, and pulse rates were reduced to and maintained at clinically acceptable levels during the trial period. No patient prematurely discontinued treatment because of insufficient therapeutic effect. Two patients discontinued the medication for drug-related reasons. Patient compliance was excellent and the preparation was well tolerated. The preparation was judged to be therapeutically effective in more than 80% of cases and is a valuable formulation for antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 7029741 TI - A clinical trial of a combination of amoxycillin and flucloxacillin in amputations for septic ischaemic lower limb lesions. AB - The incidence of sepsis after amputation with or without a proximal arterial reconstructive procedure in 24 patients presenting with septic ischaemic lower limb lesions and who received a parenteral combination of amoxycillin and flucloxacillin (Suprapen; Bencard) is compared with that in a similar control group of 22 patients who received antibiotics only if postoperative sepsis developed. There was no significant difference in the incidence of sepsis in the arterial reconstruction wounds. Amputation stump sepsis occurred in 33.3% of patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics compared with 72.7% of the control group. The difference is statistically significant. A similar significant difference was found among 32 patients submitted to primary amputation without an arterial reconstructive procedure. Bacteriological data are discussed. PMID- 7029742 TI - Diflunisal in rheumatoid arthritis. A controlled trial. AB - Diflunisal (Dolobid; Frosst-MSD) is an acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) derivative and has potential advantages over ASA, e.g. a longer half-life, higher potency and better tolerance. It has been shown to be effective as an analgesic in a variety of conditions. In a 12-week double-blind controlled trial diflunisal was compared with naproxen (Naprosyn; Syntex) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Suitable efficacy data were only available at week 4 owing to a number of withdrawals from the naproxen group. Both drugs, however, produced improvement in all the indices measured. At week 12 the initial improvement in the diflunisal group was maintained. Side-effects from diflunisal were mainly related to the gastro intestinal tract but were not of serious nature; tinnitus and deafness did not occur. Diflunisal is an effective analgesic and also has anit-inflammatory action. It is a useful addition to the range of aspirin derivatives available for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7029743 TI - [A clinical observation of marginal integrity of amalgam restorations by replication technic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029744 TI - [Paleontological view points on the morphological characteristics of human molar teeth. II (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029745 TI - [Miscellaneous records of medicodental and pharmacological history (20) -- Clinical Guidelines]. PMID- 7029746 TI - [Preformed crown for primary tooth (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029747 TI - [Clinical evaluation of Yamacillin 250mg in dental infections]. PMID- 7029748 TI - [Clinical devices for gothic arch tracing (2) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029749 TI - [Microscopic view of smeared dentin layer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029750 TI - [Gingival fluid measurement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029751 TI - Alcohol-related tetrahydroisoquinolines: pharmacology and identification. PMID- 7029752 TI - Reduction in voluntary ethanol consumption by treatment with alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors. PMID- 7029753 TI - Effect of castration and oral contraceptives on hepatic ethanol and acetaldehyde metabolizing enzymes in the male rat. PMID- 7029754 TI - Pharmacogenetic tools in the study of drug tolerance and dependence. PMID- 7029755 TI - A microcomputer administered neuropsychological assessment system for use with chronic alcoholics. PMID- 7029756 TI - Marihuana and male reproduction. PMID- 7029757 TI - Management of severe bleeding in fractures of the pelvis. AB - The successful control of severe hemorrhage secondary to pelvic fracture can be a difficult problem. This is not surprising considering the extensive vascularity of the pelvic sink with its collateral circulation of major vascular loops. Appreciation of this complex anatomy should alert physicians to sources of severe hemorrhage and guide their therapeutic decisions. Although many techniques are available for reducing hemorrhage, no one technique has universally produced successful results. Whatever method is initially used, surveillance to recognize a therapeutic failure is necessary. If bleeding continues, other methods should be used. A planned systematic approach based on the availability of various modalites to achieve hemostasis is suggested. PMID- 7029758 TI - A comparative study between Z-plasty and incision and drainage or excision with marsupialization for pilonidal sinuses. AB - Pilonidal sinuses are acquired in the natal cleft as a result of dead hairs being pushed into skin abrasions by the movements of the buttock. Traditional surgical approaches have resulted in high recurrence rates. To avoid this, plastic procedures, such as the Z-plasty, have been advocated but have not been generally accepted. In a randomized trial, we compared Z-plasty with incision and drainage or marsupialization and found that no further surgical treatment was required in the Z-plasty group; in the control group, 40 per cent had repeated surgical treatment. We support Z-plasty for pilonidal sinuses. PMID- 7029760 TI - A sliding suture technique for inaccessible arterial anastomoses. PMID- 7029759 TI - Vasopressin release during sepsis and septic shock in baboons and dogs. AB - Plasma vasopressin concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay in lightly anesthetized baboons and dogs before and during experimental Escherichia coli septic shock. Since vasopressin is a potent vasoconstrictor, and activator of clotting factors and a myocardial depressant, we postulated that, if found in substantial amounts in the plasma, vasopressin may contribute to the physiopathology of the septic shock syndrome. Quite high plasma vasopressin concentrations were found in both baboons and dogs. In the baboons, increased plasma vasopressin concentrations occurred, while mean arterial blood pressure was still within normal limits and remained elevated for as long as 12 hours during septic shock. Plasma vasopressin concentrations of this magnitude have been previously reported only with direct hypothalamic stimulation or after hypotensive shock secondary to hemorrhage. PMID- 7029761 TI - Assays of immunocompetence in the staging and prognosis of cancer. AB - There are definite immunologic abnormalities associated with the cancer bearing state which are apparent on both in vitro and in vivo testing. The weight of evidence presented suggests an increasing loss of immunocompetence with increasing disease stage and a degree of positive correlation of immunologic responsiveness with prognosis. Unfortunately the correlation is not absolute for any one individual, although it is often fairly well defined for a large group of patients. This is a failure of all other prognostic studies as well. The critical question as to whether or not this loss of immune integrity reported represents a cause or a result of cancer progression remains largely unanswered. The data suggests that the measured impairment of immunologic responsiveness stems from conditions brought about by the tumor bearing state. Regardless of which precedes the other, the cancer or the immunoincompetence, the additional question as to the effect of immune impairment on the disease progression also remains uncertain. Results of tests to monitor immunocompetence appear to be of some value if used as additional data on which to base prognostic conclusions. Dinitrochlorobenzene skin testing is an assay that is easily performed and probably yields the most easily obtained significant prognostic information. PMID- 7029762 TI - John R. Green M.D. PMID- 7029763 TI - Metabolic and endocrine effects of fasting followed by infusion of five-percent glucose. AB - Isotonic glucose is often the sole nutrient provided to hospitalized patients with varying degrees of protein calorie malnutrition. To study the effects of such diets uncomplicated by illness, normal human subjects were fasted (6 to 14 days) before receiving an infusion of 5% dextrose (5 to 7 days). Norepinephrine excretion rose steadily-to six times control values-during the first 6 days of the fast and changed little thereafter. It remained high during the first 3 days of glucose infusion and subsequently returned toward normal. The rate of NTau methylhistidine excretion changed little during the fast but decreased abruptly with glucose infusion. The magnitude of NTau-methylhistidine excretion indicated that undirectional muscle protein degradation was about equal to nitrogen excretion during the fast, and that the decrease in muscle protein degradation could account for the abrupt decrease in nitrogen excretion (from 91 to 30 mg N/kg . day) after glucose infusion. This suggests that the conservation of muscle protein caused by glucose infusion in this setting is affected by decreased degradation rather than by increased synthesis. Changes in NTau-methylhistidine excretion and total nitrogen excretion were more rapid than, and therefore not mediated by, changes in insulin concentration or norepinephrine excretion. PMID- 7029764 TI - Portal hemodynamics in dogs during mechanical ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure. AB - The effects of 10 and 15 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on portal vein flow (PVF), superior mesenteric artery flow (SMAF), and cardiac output (CO) were studied. Portal vein pressure (PVP) and the intraluminal pressure gradient between portal vein and intrathoracic inferior vena cava (PVP-CVP) were also measured. PEEP caused a fall in CO and SMAF, and the fall in each was proportionately the same. PVF also fell and a linear correlation between PVF and SMAF during PEEP was observed. Although PVP increased relative to atmosphere, no increase in transmural PVP and no change in PVP-CVP gradient was observed with PEEP. These data suggest that the major effect of PEEP on portal hemodynamics is a reduction in portal flow secondary to the reduction of arterial inflow into the gut. These hemodynamic changes do not appear to be the result of an increase in resistance to protal flow at the liver but rather the result of PEEP reducing cardiac output. PMID- 7029765 TI - Peritoneal responses to implanted fabrics used in operating rooms. AB - Fibers obtained from woven and nonwoven surgical fabrics were operatively instilled into the peritoneal cavities of rats to assess pathologic responses at 2, 8, 16, and 32 weeks postoperatively. Adhesions were found in 20% of the sham operated animals and in 22% and 29% of the animals with fibers from woven and nonwoven fabrics, respectively. These differences were not significant. The adhesions were not progressive with time and were not related to increased morbidity or mortality rates. Foreign-body granulomas were found in 8% of the sham-operated animals and in 96% and 89% of the animals with fibers from woven and nonwoven fabrics, respectively. Differences between the groups with fibers were not significant. There were no morphologic differences in the granulomas of woven and nonwoven materials; they did not increase in number of enlarge with time. We conclude that responses to cellulose fibers, whether from cotton or from nonwoven materials produced from wood fibers, are virtually identical. PMID- 7029766 TI - Proteolytic activity of blowfly larvae secretions in experimental burns. AB - Secretions of larvae of the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala digested experimental rat skin burn eschar in vivo and in vitro when applied topically in a vanishing cream base. Debridement was characterized by de-epithelialization and digestion of dermal collagen to a subfollicular level over a 3-day period. Analytic investigation of the secretions demonstrated the presence of enzymes with activities characteristic of trypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, and carboxypeptidases A and B. These were partially characterized. There was no evidence of chymotrypsin, elastase, or collagenase. Preparation of a suitable therapeutic form could result in a preparation useful for enzymatic debridement. PMID- 7029767 TI - Skeletal muscle insulin resistance during Escherichia coli bacteremic shock in the dog. AB - Skeletal muscle glucose uptake during close, intra-arterial insulin infusion was studied before and during live Escherichia coli bacteremic shock in the dog. An in vivo, constant-flow perfused gracilis muscle preparation was used. Insulin infusion before shock resulted in a 395% increase in muscle glucose uptake, which was independent of changes in muscle lactate production or oxygen uptake. At 1, 2, and 3 hours of shock, insulin infusion had no effect on gracilis muscle glucose uptake. This loss of responsiveness to insulin occurred with no change in muscle oxygen uptake, muscle venous PO2, or muscle blood flow (held constant). On the other hand, during nonshock control experiments, muscle glucose uptake in response to insulin infusion was maintained during the 3-hour protocol. These data demonstrate that skeletal muscle insulin resistance develops early during bacteremic shock. PMID- 7029768 TI - Skin autografts to cover exposed renal allografts. AB - Exteriorized renal allografts that protrude abnormally after dehiscence of transplant wounds pose a rare but formidable surgical problem. If good renal allograft function is present and wound sepsis is controlled, the renal allograft need not be removed even if the wound cannot be approximated. The exposed kidney behaves like other body soft tissues, and resurfacing the renal cortex with skin autografts can be performed successfully. We present four cases demonstrating that split-thickness autografts can be successfully utilized to cover an exposed renal allograft with salvage of allograft function. The incidence of this situation was 0.62% in a series of 641 consecutive renal transplants. We also observed, incidentally, that there was no apparent linkage between the HL-A complex and the tendency for keloid formation. PMID- 7029769 TI - [Can childbirth become a better experience?]. PMID- 7029770 TI - [Dental aspects of hepatitis B]. PMID- 7029771 TI - [Embedded identification markings in dentures]. PMID- 7029772 TI - [Types of accumulation of dust in dental laboratory]. PMID- 7029773 TI - [Radiotherapy of the patients with lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 7029774 TI - Modification of the mutagenicity and teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide in rats with inducers of the cytochromes P-450. AB - Cyclophosphamide must be enzymatically activated to be either mutagenic or teratogenic. This activation is thought to be catalyzed by the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system. To study the relationship between the mutagenic and teratogenic metabolites of cyclophosphamide, the mutagenicity and teratogenicity of this drug were compared after activation by rats pretreated with chemicals (phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone) inducing different cytochromes P-450. Activation of cyclophosphamide to mutagenic metabolites by enzyme fractions from rats on day 13 of gestation was measured with the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535. Teratogenicity was assessed in vivo by treatment of rats with cyclophosphamide on day 13 of gestation. Cyclophosphamide was activated to mutagenic metabolites to the same extent (on a tissue wet weight basis) by enzyme fractions from maternal liver, kidney and placenta, despite differences in cytochrome P-450 content. Fetal homogenates did not activate cyclophosphamide. Phenobarbital pretreatment increased the activation of cyclophosphamide to mutagenic metabolites by maternal liver microsomes 10-fold and liver cytochrome P 450 content 1.8 fold; however, this drug did not alter the activation of cyclophosphamide by maternal kidney, by placenta or by the fetus. Phenobarbital pretreatment increased the teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide in rats on day 13 of gestation (increased incidence of malformed embryos, decreased fetal weight). Pretreatment with beta-naphthoflavone did not induce liver cytochrome P-450 in the pregnant rat and did not change the activation of cyclophosphamide to mutagenic metabolites by liver, kidney, placenta or the fetus. Pretreatment with this polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon had no effect or decreased the teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide. Thus, these experiments suggest that the mother, rather than the fetus, is the site of activation of cyclophosphamide; after phenobarbital pretreatment the predominant site of cyclophosphamide activation is the maternal liver. There appears to be a correlation between the teratogenicity and mutagenicity of cyclophosphamide after induction of the cytochromes P-450. We can speculate that the "proximate teratogen" of cyclophosphamide may also be the "proximate mutagen". PMID- 7029775 TI - Immunological effects of antitestis antisera on the development of mouse fetuses. AB - Antimouse testis antisera (AMTAS) were prepared in rabbits by the injection of testis extracts of the adult mice. Administration of 35.6 mg of AMTAS into pregnant mice on day 12.5 of gestation resulted in 27.3% fetal malformations, while administration of 17.8 mg of the same antisera induced 6.0% malformations. Malformations such as limb anomalies, cleft palate, omphalocele, and spina bifida were often accompanied by hemorrhagic lesions. No malformations associated with hemorrhage were found in the control group in spite of the occurrence of hematomas. The immunofluorescent analysis revealed the localization of antitestis antibody (ATAb) in the basement membrane of the testis, in the spermatozoa, the mesometrial vessels, trophectroderm, and the Reichert's membrane. In contrast, there was no localization of IgG when normal rabbit sera were used. The results suggest that the antibody against the basement membrane or against the spermatozoa may be responsible for the occurrence of congenital malformations in the pregnant mice injected with rabbit AMTAS. PMID- 7029776 TI - Normal prostacyclin-like activity in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 7029777 TI - Degradation by thrombin of denatured collagen and of collagenase digestion products. PMID- 7029778 TI - Antithrombotic activity of a polydeoxyribonucleotidic substance extracted from mammalian organs: a possible link with prostacyclin. PMID- 7029779 TI - [The use of juvenile kidneys for transplantation in adults]. AB - In view of the shortage of cadaveric donors a retrospective study has been performed to determine the results of transplantation of paediatric cadaver donor kidneys into adult recipients. Graft- and patient survival and renal function in the 31 cases, analysed in this study, showed no adverse effect of the use of pediatric donor kidneys. No vascular complications were encountered. In only one case ureteric leakage occurred and was treated successfully. It is concluded that paediatric age is no criterion for donor exclusion and that paediatric donors are to be regarded as a valuable source of cadaveric kidneys for transplantation. Also the possibility to perform nephrectomies in anencephalic newborn infants is to be considered. PMID- 7029780 TI - [Kidney transplantation in childhood]. PMID- 7029781 TI - Experimental studies on a new hair dyeing ingredient 2-(2', 4'-diaminophenoxy) ethanol : lack of genotoxic properties. AB - A benzene metadiamine derivative, 2-(2', 4' diaminophenoxy) ethanol proved to be interesting in hairdyeing. Its genotoxicity was investigated in various tests. The ingredient showed no mutagenicity in the different assays which indicates a correlation among the battery of tests. It also appears that within a chemical category, similarity of structure does not always imply similar genetic response. PMID- 7029782 TI - Acute nephrotoxicities and hepatotoxicities of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane and 1,2-dibromoethane in male and female F344 rats. AB - Four consecutive intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections with 40 mg/kg of 1,2-dibromo-3 chloropropane (DBCP) reduced the in vitro accumulation of p-aminohippurate (PAH) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) by slices of renal cortex and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration in both male and female rats, but elevated serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activities in females only. Four consecutive treatments with 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB) reduced the accumulation of PAH in male rats, but failed to alter TEA accumulation, BUN concentration or GPT and GOT activities in rats of either sex. Single i.p. injections of EDB or DBCP (40 mg/kg, approximately one-half of the acute, i.p. LD50 values) were without effect on serum GPT and GOT activities, BUN concentration or the accumulations of PAH and TEA in male rats when measured 24, 48 or 96 h after treatment, except that PAH accumulation was reduced at 96 h. These results indicate that BUN and the accumulations in vitro of PAH and TEA by renal cortical slices are appropriate endpoints for studying DBCP nephrotoxicity. Measurements of serum GOT and GPT activities detected DBCP hepatotoxicity in female rats only. The nephrotoxicity of EDB was indicated by measurement of TEA accumulation only. PMID- 7029783 TI - Acute irreversible rejection after withdrawal of azathioprine in renal allograft recipients. AB - Azathioprine was withdrawn from five recipients after renal transplantation because of hepatic damage. In three out of five cases, clinical courses were uneventful for more than 1 year after withdrawal (Group A). In the other two cases, rejection episodes occurred 3 and 5 months after withdrawal (Group B). Differences in histocompatibility, the interval between the operation and withdrawal, and the maintenance dosis of prednisolone were not practically striking in either group, but rejection episodes occurred early in group B. We evaluated the results and considered the mechanisms of tolerance after withdrawal of azathioprine because of hepatic damage in renal allograft recipients. PMID- 7029784 TI - A rapid method for removal of the spinal cord. AB - Spinal cords from young (125 g) and adult (400 g) albino rats have been removed from the vertebral column by pressurized hydraulic ejection. Histologic examination of the spinal cords has revealed no structural damage to the tissue. In view of the rapidity and ease of performance, this technique is highly preferable to that of laminectomy in obtaining specimens for routine light microscopy. PMID- 7029785 TI - A simple screening procedure for evaluating central nervous system tissue sections showing structural and cytochemical alterations of the blood-brain barrier. AB - A simple method for rapidly screening and evaluating many areas of central nervous system tissue before and after flat embedding in Beem capsules is described. This method uses light microscopy to select regions surrounding needle track injuries of brain tissue for subsequent fine structural and enzyme cytochemical analysis of the blood-brain barrier. The mouse cerebral cortex was sectioned with a tissue chopper at 40-50 micrometers and reacted with diaminobenzidine to demonstrate the presence of exogenous horseradish peroxidase near an injured central nervous system site. Following the enzyme reaction, both osmicated and unosmicated tissue slices were processed for routine electron microscopy, infiltrated with unpolymerized resin, and evaluated on glass slides by light microscopy prior to flat embedding and polymerization. Numerous tissue specimens can be screened in this way for maximum information per tissue slice, and extra tissue samples can be polymerized on the glass slides and conveniently stored for future sectioning. PMID- 7029786 TI - Embedding plant tissue with plastic using high pressure: a new method for light and electron microscopy. AB - An embedding technique has been developed to overcome difficulties that confront light and electron microscopists working with so-called "hard-to-embed" plant tissue. The method was originally described for freeze-dried material. It uses a modified Quickfit Rotaflo Valve and low heat to generate high pressure to aid in the infiltration and embedding of tissue with propylene oxide and plastic. The technique is not too cumbersome and requires 6 days from the dehydration step to the end of the polymerization process. Thick sections (1-2 micrometer) obtained from material prepared by this method stain readily with toluidine blue, and thin sections for the electron microscope stain satisfactorily following standard treatment with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The thin sections are stable under the beam of the electron microscope. Results indicate that the quality of tissue preservation with this high pressure embedding technique is as good as tht observed using standard embedding methods for electron microscopy. PMID- 7029787 TI - Use of ethanol to facilitate trimming of tissue blocks embedded in Spurr's medium. PMID- 7029788 TI - Removal of freeze-fracture replicas from formvar-coated grids to allow recleaning. PMID- 7029789 TI - [Average values of the phonetic neutral zone for construction of an upper partial removable denture]. PMID- 7029790 TI - [A cleaning method of Plaster of Paris surfaces prior to isolation with water glass]. PMID- 7029791 TI - [Dosimetry in case of whole-body irradiations with a linear accelerator (author's transl)]. AB - The described whole-body irradiations are effected in order to prepare patients with acute myeloic leukemia for bone marrow transplantation. The patient is irradiated with equal doses from the right and the left side. So a dose of 10 Gy in the middle of the body is achieved which is determined individually by means of phantom measurements. In order to avoid the risk of an interstitial pneumonitis, the lung region is temporarily blinded in such a way that a dose of 8 Gy is obtained there in the middle of the body. During the irradiations, the accumulated dose is measured in different body regions with thermoluminescence dosimeters, a semi-conductor diode and, eventually, a ionization chamber. The scattering width is +/- 13%. We do our best to make the patient's position as comfortable as possible. PMID- 7029792 TI - Role of prostaglandin I2 and thromboxane A2 in recurring reduction of carotid and cerebral blood flow in dogs. AB - The roles of PGI2 and TXA2 in recurring reduction of carotid artery and cerebral blood flow induced by partial constriction of the common carotid artery and cerebral blood flow induced by partial constriction of the common carotid artery were examined in anesthetized dogs. The recurring reduction was eliminated by OKY 046 and 1580 which inhibit TX synthetase, acetylsalicylic acid which inhibits cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase, PGI2 and by papaverine which enhances PGI synthesis. But the recurring reduction was not eliminated by phentolamine. The recurring reduction was induced by epinephrine which activates phospholipase A2 and cyclo-oxygenase and causes platelet aggregation. It was also induced by tranylcypromine which inhibits PGE2 synthetase and, although infrequently, by TXA2. The recurring reduction was also induced by indomethacin that inhibits cyclo-oxygenase. The indomethacin-induced recurring reduction, however, was eliminated not by OKY 046 and 1580 but by PGI2. It is suggested that TXA2 acted as an inducer and PGI2 as an inhibitor in the recurring reduction of carotid artery and cerebral blood flow. PMID- 7029793 TI - Sensitivity of computer assisted radionuclide angiography in transient ischemic attack and prolonged reversible ischemic neurological deficit. Comparison with findings in radiographic angiography and transmission computerized axial tomography. AB - Computer assisted radionuclide angiography (CARNA) with 99mTc-DTPA was employed to study 143 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and 79 patients with prolonged reversible ischemic neurologic deficit (PRIND). The results of CARNA were compared with findings from radiographic angiography (RGA) in 173 patients and with findings in transmission computerized axial tomography (T-CAT) in 154 patients. In patients with TIA, CARNA showed a hemispherical perfusion deficit in 74.8%, and with PRIND 87.3%. This deficit, determined as the relative difference between the involved and the non-involved hemisphere, was significantly (p less than 0.0025) greater in PRIND (minus 23%) than in TIA (minus 17%). Sensitivity of CARNA was independent of the interval from ictus to examination for more than 4 months. RGA in TIA revealed true positives in 82.0%, in PRIND it was 89.5%. T-CAT was positive in TIA in only 16.8% but in PRIND it was 64.4%. Combined sensitivities in TIA (92.4%) and in PRIND (94.0%) were highest with the combination of CARNA and RGA. However, in PRIND the combination of non-invasive methods (CARNA and T-CAT) revealed 93.2% positive findings. Combinations of these evaluation methods may be used to detect cerebrovascular disease in patients with such dysfunction. PMID- 7029794 TI - Clinical applications of prostaglandins and their inhibitors. PMID- 7029795 TI - [Intracavitary contact radiation of cystic craniopharyngiomas by stereotaxic Y-90 application]. PMID- 7029796 TI - [Preliminary irradiation and tumor specific immune response in hypernephroid kidney cancers]. PMID- 7029797 TI - [Stereotaxic interstitial therapy of non-resectable intracranial tumors with iridium-192 and iodine-125]. PMID- 7029798 TI - Permeability of the intraocular blood vessels. AB - This paper reviews quantitative studies on the permeability of the ocular blood vessels. In the retina, where there are tight junctions between the endothelial cells of the microvessels, there is very low permeability even to sodium ions. Glucose is transported through the capillary wall by a carrier, net glucose extraction amounting to about 12 per cent. In the choroid and ciliary processes, where there are fenestrated capillaries, the permeability to plasma proteins is about five times that in the kidney (another tissue with fenestrated capillaries), and ten to thirty times that in heart and skeletal muscle, which has non-fenestrated capillaries without tight junctions. Capillary permeability to low molecular weight substances is high in the choroid; sodium permeability is probably about thirty times that in heart muscle and fifty times that in skeletal muscle. This high permeability results in a high glucose concentration in the tissue fluid enabling rapid glucose movement into the retina. PMID- 7029799 TI - Combination of techniques for concentration and identification of microfilariae from peripheral blood. AB - Human blood containing a known number of Dirofilaria immitis or Brugia malayi microfilariae was incubated with Giemsa-stain or methylene blue solution and then subjected to density gradient centrifugation in Percoll-solution at a density of 1.090 g/ml. This resulted in complete separation of microfilariae from cellular components. Subsequently the microfilaria-containing layer was altered through a polycarbonate membrane. The stained parasites are then easily recognized and identified on the completely transparent membrane. The average recovery was 80%. This technique proved useful as a preparatory method and as a diagnostic tool for the detection of microfilariae in patients with low microfilaraemia. PMID- 7029800 TI - Enzyme typing of Plasmodium falciparum from African and some other Old World countries. AB - Freeze-dried and freshly cultured isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from different countries have been examined for variation in six enzymes, GPI, PGD, LDH, GDH, ADA and PEPE, using starch gel electrophoresis. Variant forms of each enzyme occur. For most enzymes, similar forms occur in isolates from different parts of the world, although differences in frequencies of each form are found. LDH-2 has been found only in African isolates. PEPE variants vary markedly in their frequency between East and West Africa, although further work is needed to confirm this finding. PMID- 7029801 TI - Enzyme typing of some isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from Thailand. AB - One hundred and eighty nine isolates of Plasmodium falciparum collected in Thailand, and eleven originating from Cambodia, have been typed by starch-gel electrophoresis of six enzymes (GPI, LDH, GDH, PGD, ADA, PEPE). Substantial polymorphism was found only with GPI. Occasional variants occurred with ADA, while the other four enzymes appeared to be invariant by the tests used. The results are compared with those of similar studies on African isolates, and lead to the provisional conclusion that P. falciparum isolates from different different endemic areas constitute a single, world wide species, containing potentially interbreeding individual organisms. PMID- 7029802 TI - Resistance of ten Thai isolates of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and pyrimethamine by in vitro tests. AB - In vitro drug resistance tests of ten isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from three different collection points in Central Thailand have been carried out, and the results compared with those of similar tests with a drug-sensitive West African isolate. Judged by concentration of drug tolerated, the Thai isolates appeared to be about 10 times as resistant to chloroquine, and usually about 10(5) times as resistant to pyrimethamine, as the African isolate. A little variation amongst the Thai isolates was detected. PMID- 7029803 TI - Indirect fluorescent antibody test for the diagnosis of yellow fever. AB - The indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) test was evaluated for the serodiagnosis of yellow fever (YF) cases and for detection of antibodies after 17D YF vaccination. Results were compared with those of standard serological tests, reactions with heterologous flaviviral antigens were determined, and both IgM and IgG antibodies were measured. Spot slides of infected Vero cells were used as antigen substrate. In cases of primary YF infection, the FA test for IgG antibodies provided clear diagnostic results. Indirect FA tests with anti-IgG were more sensitive than the complement-fixation (CF) test and showed specificity comparable to the CF and neutralization (N) test. Cases of YF infection superimposed upon pre-existing heterologous flaviviral immunity developed broadly crossreactive IgG antibodies. IgM antibodies were highly specific in cases of both primary infection and superinfection but were not consistently present. Most individuals without previous flaviviral exposure who received 17D vaccine failed to develop detectable antibodies by the indirect FA test; of those with pre existing immunity, 79% developed IgG antibodies. The indirect FA test provides a simple, rapid diagnostic procedure which should be especially useful in one-site epidemiological investigations of YF outbreaks. PMID- 7029804 TI - A compact semi-automated continuous cultivation system for Plasmodium falciparum. AB - A compact inexpensive semi-automated continuous cultivation system for Plasmodium falciparum is described. The system is simple to operate and allows cultures to proceed unattended for several days. A particularly useful feature is a portable cultivation module that is freely transferable from the incubator to a tissue culture cabinet for manual operations such as sampling or addition of red cells. Each cultivation module holds plastic flasks which can give a combined culture surface area of up to 500 cm2. Parasitaemias of 12% are attained routinely at red cell densities of 1 to 7 x 10(8) per ml, if the medium is changed daily. PMID- 7029805 TI - Plasmodium falciparum gametocytogenesis stimulated by lymphocytes and serum from infected Gambian children. PMID- 7029806 TI - The rate of production of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes during natural infections. PMID- 7029807 TI - Association of cockroaches with an outbreak of dysentery. PMID- 7029808 TI - Prediction of cadaveric allograft survival based on pretransplant nonspecific immunocompetence. PMID- 7029809 TI - Detection of alloimmune memory cells by chemical modification of the cell surface with mitogenic oxidizing agents. PMID- 7029810 TI - Analysis of factors related to bone marrow graft rejection in aplastic anemia: usefulness of measures of broad alloimmunity as predictors. PMID- 7029811 TI - Positive crossmatch transplants--safe or not? PMID- 7029812 TI - Antibodies to endothelial antigens in eluates of 88 human kidneys: correlation with graft survival and presence of T- and B-cell antibodies. PMID- 7029813 TI - Studies of pre- and postgraft antibodies against endothelial cells (umbilical cord) in kidney allografts. PMID- 7029814 TI - Predictive value of measurement of cell-mediated immunity on outcome of renal transplantation. PMID- 7029815 TI - Pretransplant immunologic reactivity to donor lymphocytes--lack of correlation with posttransplant events. PMID- 7029816 TI - Value of pre- and posttransplant studies of antidonor antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). PMID- 7029817 TI - Correlation between ADCC resistance to in vitro steroid and renal allograft failure. PMID- 7029818 TI - Transplant aspiration cytology in diagnostic evaluation of renal allografts. PMID- 7029819 TI - Fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis of lymphocytes following renal allotransplantation. PMID- 7029820 TI - Immunologic monitoring with monoclonal antibodies to human T-cell subsets. PMID- 7029821 TI - Value of immunologic monitoring studies of human E, EA, and EAC rosetting lymphocyte subpopulations in renal and cardiac transplantation. PMID- 7029822 TI - CML nonreactivity after kidney transplantation. PMID- 7029823 TI - Natural killer activity in kidney allograft recipients. PMID- 7029824 TI - Unspecific cytotoxic capacities of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from transplant patients. PMID- 7029825 TI - Evaluation of cardiac allograft rejection with indium-111-labeled cells. PMID- 7029826 TI - Unique immunologic problems in human bone marrow transplant recipients. PMID- 7029827 TI - Interpretation of clinical events in the light of measured immune responses. PMID- 7029828 TI - The effect of immunosuppressive agents on T-cell subsets, as evaluated by use of monoclonal anti-T-cell antibodies. PMID- 7029829 TI - Improved graft survival following donor-specific blood transfusions. PMID- 7029830 TI - The beneficial influence of pretransplant blood transfusions on kidney graft prognosis in D/DR-matched rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7029831 TI - [Ultrastructure of the ductal epithelium in the human pancreas in chronic pancreatitis]. AB - Three different kinds of cells are distinguished within the epithelium of the pancreas ducts in patients with chronic pancreatitis: main ductal cells among which there are "light" and "dark" forms differing from each other in the level of their biosynthetic apparatus development and being in the state of different functional activity; endocrine cells with morphological features of chromaffin like and D-cells of the gastrointestinal tact; migrating cells (histocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes). Characteristic features of destruction in the pathologically altered epithelium are described. PMID- 7029832 TI - [Characteristics of the reaction of the embryonic hepatocyte to the effect of insulin and adrenaline]. AB - Adrenaline (10-6 g/ml) and insulin (10-6-8 IE/ml) cause changes of the acid DNase and phosphatase activity in hepatic cells of rat embryos on the 20th day of development. Adrenaline stimulates granular endoplasmatic reticulum development, increases the number and size of lysosomes, breaks their integrity. Insulin practically has no effect on the DNase activity, but labilizes the lysosome membrane. PMID- 7029833 TI - [4-(n-Dimethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium fluorescence in a living cell]. AB - A fluorescent compound 4-(p-dimethylinostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium (DSM) has been synthesized, having the absorption maximum about 450 nm and the fluorescence maximum about 590 nm in a water solution. A considerable increase of its fluorescence intensity is found in DNA solutions. The binding of DSM with membranes leads to a shift of its fluorescence maximum to 550 nm. Polychromatic properties of DSM (green fluorescence in membranes, rich yellow - in energized mitochondria, red-orange - in nuclei) are found in DSM stained cells. DSM fluorescence is sensitive to changes in the energized state of cells; the uncupler dinitrophenol or respiration inhibitors-cyanide and amital-cause a strong decrease in the DSM fluorescence intensity in mitochondria. It is ascertained that DSM itself has a low toxicity with respect to cell energy: it had no influence on the mobility of Tetrahymena pyriformis during 23 hours after staining. Thus, DSM may be used as a fluorescent probe for live cells. PMID- 7029834 TI - [Obtaining a primary mouse hepatocyte culture]. AB - A method of isolating and culturing mouse hepatocytes is described. The mouse liver was subsequently perfused in situ with Ca-free and collagenase containing solutions, mechanically dispersed and purified by centrifugation. The suspension obtained contained up to 10(7) parenchymal cells, whose viability being not less than 80-90%. In the suspension, the mean diameter of hepatocytes was 25 micron. On being plated on plastic Petry dishes in concentrations of 1-5.10(5)/ml and in the presence of serum, hepatocytes were attached to the substrate in 2-3 hours to form cell monolayers. The cultured hepatocytes maintained their viability for 5-7 days. PMID- 7029835 TI - Identification of mycobacteria by smear examination of the culture. AB - Mycobacteria can be tentatively identified by the arrangement of the bacilli on smears made from the growth and stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen method. The basis of this method is the presence or absence of cords with or without loose bacilli around. Agreement of a high degree (92.7% to 97.0%) was obtained between the identification of mycobacteria by this smear technique and by the niacin test. It is recommended that this simple procedure may be used for preliminary identification, especially in developing countries. PMID- 7029836 TI - Laennec: a great student of tuberculosis. PMID- 7029837 TI - Laennec. PMID- 7029838 TI - Clinical trial of six-month and four-month regimens of chemotherapy in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: the results up to 30 months. AB - In a study in Singapore, Chinese, Malay and Indian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis received 2 months of daily treatment with streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide followed by daily isoniazid, and rifampicin either with pyrazinamide (SHRZ/HRZ) or without it (SHRZ/HR), allocated at random. Both regimens were given for either 6 or 4 months by random allocation. All 330 patients with drug-sensitive tubercle bacilli pretreatment had a favourable bacteriological response during chemotherapy. After chemotherapy none of 78 SHRZ/HRZ patients and only 2 of 80 SHRZ/HR patients treated for 6 months relapsed bacteriologically, but 9 (11%) of 79 SHRZ/HRZ and 6 (8%) of 77 SHRZ/HR patients treated for 4 months relapsed. Of 33 patients with bacilli resistant to isoniazid, streptomycin, or both drugs pretreatment, only 1 had an unfavourable response during chemotherapy; none of 9 patients treated for 6 months and 2 of 22 treated for 4 months relapsed bacteriologically after stopping chemotherapy. PMID- 7029839 TI - [Bioavailability of 3 peroral potassium preparations]. PMID- 7029840 TI - [Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver. A review illustrated by a case report]. PMID- 7029841 TI - [The value of anticoagulant therapy in deep venous thrombosis]. PMID- 7029842 TI - [Placental sulphatase deficiency]. PMID- 7029843 TI - [The clinical value of analysis of serum bile acid concentration]. PMID- 7029844 TI - [Post-hepatic venous occlusion (Budd-Chiari syndrome)]. PMID- 7029845 TI - [Patients with symptoms of acute urinary infections treated with piromidic acid or sulfamethizole in general practice. A double-blind clinical controlled multicentre study]. PMID- 7029846 TI - [A device for the preparation of crushed cortical bone (author's transl)]. AB - The advantage of autologous cancellous bone grafts in sites of weak osteogenic potency has long been appreciated. It now needs to be tested whether crushed cortical bone can be used for bone induction in sites of strong osteogenic potency. The grinding device described here enables the preparation of bone dust of variable particle size under sterile conditions. PMID- 7029847 TI - [Parasitic uveitis in Quebec]. PMID- 7029848 TI - [Evolution of medicine and repercussions on medical education in North America]. PMID- 7029850 TI - Lipid metabolism of isolated mouse pancreatic islets maintained in culture at different glucose concentrations. AB - The lipid metabolism of isolated mouse pancreatic islets, which had been cultured for one week at 3.3 or 16.7 mM glucose, was examined in short-term experiments performed at the end of the culture period. It was found that: a) high-glucose cultured islets oxidized palmitate at a higher rate: and b) both groups of cultured islets increased the rate of incorporation of (U-14C)-glucose into triacylglycerols and phospholipids in response to an acute glucose challenge. This latter effect was, however, more pronounced after culture at a high glucose concentration. The present data suggest that long-term exposure to high concentrations of glucose leads to a general increase of islet oxidative metabolism. Moreover, high glucose culture seems to induce an increased conversion of carbohydrates into triacylglycerols and membrane phospholipids. PMID- 7029849 TI - The effects of alloxan diabetes, insulin and epinephrine on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from rat liver and brain. AB - The control of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity of the liver and brain were studied in normal and alloxan diabetic rats. Fasting decreased G6PD activity in brains and livers of normal rats significantly, but these decreases were reversed by placing the rats on a sucrose-rich diet. Injection of insulin were reversed by placing the rats on the sucrose-rich diet. Injection of insulin into normal 48h fasted rats had no significant effect on G6PD activity after 15 min. However, epinephrine significantly decreased liver G6PD activity by 17%, 7.5 min, after injection. Epinephrine had no effect on brain G6PD activity. In fed alloxan diabetic animals, the G6PD activity was found to be about 50% of that found in normal rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with protamine insulin partially reversed the decrease in G6PD activity caused by alloxan diabetes. It is concluded that insulin and epinephrine are important for the regulation of G6PD activity in vivo. PMID- 7029851 TI - Extensive small gut resection in the rat. Microbiological studies with a strict anaerobic technique. AB - The small intestinal microflora of the rat was examined 6 w after resection of the proximal half of the ileum. A comparison was made with animals where the ileum had only been transected and re-sutured. The study included a strict anaerobic culturing and an investigation of bacterial metabolites with a gas chromatography technique. In both groups the flora was found to be mainly facultative and there was no difference in the total number of bacteria. There was no difference between the groups or between the single animals in the proportional of aerobes-anaerobes. In spite of numerous adhesions between the ileal loops causing impaired intestinal motility and intraluminal stasis, there was no colonization of the small intestinal flora and the concentration of bacteria was too low to give a positive response for gas chromatography. It is stated that the low amount of intestinal bacterial flora is not likely to be a significant factor causing adaptive mucosal hyperplasia after gut resection. PMID- 7029852 TI - Evaluation of the continuous thermal dilution technique for measurement of coronary blood flow. AB - A continuous thermodilution technique has been used in a flow model. It has been difficult to determine the exact flow, but alterations of the flow have been reliably determined. For in vivo measurement the catheter is inserted into the vein of the actual organ. The indicator is injected against the bloodstream with a constant speed. The temperature of the indicator and the fall of blood temperature during the injection of indicator are measured with thermistors located at the catheter. The inability to measure the exact flow was mainly due to three factors; it turned out to be difficult to obtain the total and uniform mixing between the "blood" of the flow model and the indicator. Heat leakage occurs within the catheter as well as to ambient structures. The Wheatstone bridge was found not to be suitable, and a new type of instrument for determination of changes of resistance in the thermistors was used. PMID- 7029853 TI - Blood glutathione in various phases of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children. AB - Reduced glutathione (GSH) in whole blood was studied in 15 insulin-dependent juvenile diabetic patients at onset of diabetes (group A). In 5 of these patients the blood GSH concentration was followed during the first month after onset. The blood GSH content was also analyzed in 16 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with a duration of diabetes of more than 2 years (group B), and in a control group of 76 healthy children (group C). The GSH levels in groups A, B and C were 48.3 +/- 5.7, 47.1 +/- 4.6 and 47.6 +/- 4.3 mg/100 ml erythrocytes, respectively. Thus, there were no significant differences between the patients and the control group. In group A, there were no significant differences in blood GSH values at onset and 1 month later. PMID- 7029854 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course and treatment of pyelonephritis in a transplanted cadaveric kidney]. PMID- 7029855 TI - Anticancer drug sensitivity in vitro in the bladder cancer cell line, KK-47 and prophylactic use of carbazilquinone and urokinase in bladder cancer. AB - Using colony formation technique and KK-47 cell line established from a human bladder transitional cell carcinoma, the effect of 6 anticancer drugs, thio-TEPA, Bleomycin, mitomycin C, carbazilquinone, Adriamycin and cis-Platinum, were compared. On the results of tests performed to establish the drug concentration required to achive a 50% inhibition of cell survival, carbazilquinone was chosen for the prevention of recurrences of bladder cancer. The two groups studied consisted of 56 patients (previously untreated groups) who were rendered free of tumours by surgical intervention and of 19 patients (thio-TEPA failures group) who had experienced a persistent recurrence of tumours after prophylactic thio TEPA instillations and were presumed free of the recurrence of tumours after the next surgical intervention. The 2 groups were subjected to prophylactic combined intravesical instillation therapy with carbazilquinone and urokinase. In the previously untreated group, 6 of the 56 patients (10.7%) had a recurrence of tumours, and the recurrence rate after 21 months was 16.7%, using the actuarial method. In the thio-TEPA failures group, 12 of the 19 patients (63.2%) had a recurrence of tumours, a rate at 21 months of 76.1%. A considerable drop in the recurrence rate was obtained by the combined instillation therapy in the previously untreated group. The results in the thio-TEPA failures group suggested the presence of a cross-resistance between both alkylating agents, and of a persistent susceptibility to multifocal lesions. No bone marrow depression was observed but an episode of anaphylactic shock attributable to the use of carbazilquinone occurred in 1 out of a total 75 patients. PMID- 7029856 TI - Ventral bladder hernia facilitates study of urinary tract infections in rats. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that after intravesical inoculation of Escherichia coli, rats drinking 5% glucose-water remained bacteriuric for up to 21 days while rats drinking tap water became abacteriuric within a few days. To facilitate accurate monitoring of bacteriuria, we created a ventral bladder hernia for percutaneous aspiration of urine. After intravesical inoculation with 10(8) E. coli, rats with ventral bladder hernias demonstrated clearance of bacteria at a rate comparable to that observed in rats with intrapelvic bladders (p less than 0.01). Of rats drinking tap water, 6 of 7 (85%) with intrapelvic bladders and 8 of 9 (89%) with ventral hernias had less than 10 colony forming units per ml of urine within 9 days of inoculation. Of rats drinking 5% glucose water, 4 of 5 (80%) with intrapelvic bladders and 6 of 8 (75%) with ventral bladder hernias had greater than 10(5) colony forming units per ml of urine 9 days after inoculation. The results suggest that this technique does not alter the antibacterial response of control or polyuric rats to E. coli inoculated intravesically. PMID- 7029857 TI - [Astigmatism after cataract extraction]. PMID- 7029858 TI - [Use of apiculture products in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7029859 TI - [History of the world's first Chair of ophthalmology]. PMID- 7029860 TI - [Modern potentials of microlaryngoscopy and endolaryngeal microsurgery]. PMID- 7029861 TI - [S. F. Shtein as one of the founders of Soviet otorhinolaryngology (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7029862 TI - [Differential diagnosis of the asymmetric course of vestibular reactions in peripheral and central hemispheric lesions]. PMID- 7029863 TI - [Otolith apparatus in clinical practice]. PMID- 7029864 TI - [Vagotomy in the treatment of complicated stomach and duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7029865 TI - [Blood coagulation system in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7029866 TI - [Treatment of lactation mastitis with dioxidine]. PMID- 7029867 TI - [Method of tunnel replantation of the ureter into the bladder]. PMID- 7029868 TI - [Our experience in using autologous dermatoplasty according to the Krasovitov's method]. PMID- 7029869 TI - [Antibiotic iontophoresis in burn wound infection after autodermoplasty]. AB - The work presents the data of clinical and laboratory observations of 68 patients treated by electrophoresis of antibiotics in exacerbation of the suppurative process in burn wounds after autodermoplasty. It has been found that the antibiotic electrophoresis inhibits the microflora in the burn wound, results in the repair of the epithelial cover and makes the period of the hospital treatment 10-14 days shorter. PMID- 7029870 TI - The history and development of surgical tables for large animals. PMID- 7029871 TI - Clinical trial of xylazine with ketamine in equine anaesthesia. AB - One hundred anaesthetics were administered in a clinical trial to 95 equine patients, ranging in age from nine months to 19 years and in weight from 140 to 1270 kg, undergoing a variety of surgical procedures. Acepromazine maleate premedication (0.01 to 0.03 mg per kg intramuscularly) was given to seven animals, the remainder were not premedicated. Xylazine (1.1 mg per kg) was injected intravenously over a two minute period and after a pause of two minutes ketamine (2.2 mg per kg) was injected rapidly by the same route. For 30 procedures no other anaesthetic was given but in 59 cases anaesthesia was prolonged with halothane-oxygen while in 11 additional intravenous agents were administered. Recumbency followed one-and-a-half to two minutes after completion of the ketamine injection and limb movements occurring immediately after the animal lay down gradually subsided over the next 30 to 60 seconds. On 26 occasions when no other agent was given satisfactory operating conditions were produced for a mean (+/- sd) of 20 +/- 7 minutes and on four occasions when absence of complete muscle relaxation was observed surgery was still possible. When no other agent was given the onset of recovery was abrupt but recovery was always extremely quiet; the animals stood 33 +/- 10 minutes after induction of anaesthesia and showed a remarkable absence of ataxia. A similar recovery was seen in the 56 animals receiving halothane-oxygen and all stood 28 +/- 14 minutes after disconnection from the anaesthetic system. Heart block was observed during induction of anaesthesia bu otherwise cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were well maintained. It was concluded that the xylazine-ketamine combination had advantages over other current techniques of inducing anaesthesia in horses. PMID- 7029872 TI - Eradication of swine dysentery from closed pig herds. PMID- 7029873 TI - A history of the ARC's support of veterinary research. AB - The Agricultural Research Council on its creation in 1931 inherited, as it were, a substantial research service in the form of established institutes, many of long standing. The earliest identified research priorities were all related to animal disease at a time when the then four veterinary schools were ill-housed with minimal staff and with little or no research capability. The ARC's role was then essentially advisory. Although it established its first institute in 1937 against considerable opposition, it did not become financially independent, in England and Wales at least, until 1956. In the meantime, a reluctance on the part of certain universities to take advantage of opportunities to expand agricultural research activities did much to steer the Council's policy towards investing in its own institutes rather than by attempting to support research on any considerable scale in university departments. As a result of this policy, the universities in general and the veterinary schools in particular have fared much less well in comparison with the scientific disciplines supported by the other Research Councils. On the other hand, many aspects of agricultural research, which at one time were restricted to the universities and colleges, have progressed most notably in the institutes directly financed or grant-aided by the ARC. This applies especially to plant breeding and to animal health. PMID- 7029874 TI - The question of animal rights. PMID- 7029875 TI - Evaluation of single and double artificial insemination regimes as methods of shortening calving intervals in dairy cows treated with dinoprost. AB - Conception rates in 535 commercial lactating Friesian dairy cows on two farms were compared between treated animals after two injections of dinoprost at an 11 day interval, and untreated contemporary controls bred by conventional artificial insemination. The conception rate for a single insemination 75 to 80 hours after the second dinoprost injection was 46 per cent, for two inseminations 72 and 96 hours after the second injection was 47 per cent, and for untreated controls was 50 per cent. The differences are not statistically significant. Both dinoprost treated groups had a mean calving interval of 366 days compared with 378 for controls. The time advantage of 12 days in calving interval was principally due to the shorter calving-to-first-service interval of treated cows. This 10-day advantage in calving-to-first-service was increased to a 12-day advantage in calving-to-conception in treated cows, and applied also to cows which failed to conceive to the induced oestrus. The accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis was confirmed by calving data; pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpation was 94 per cent and by milk progesterone assay 81 per cent accurate, overall. Oestrus occurred in 3.8 per cent of pregnant cows, on the basis of stockmen's observations. The relevance of the information to herd sterility control is discussed. PMID- 7029876 TI - [Use of selective nutrient media for isolating the streptococci that cause mastitis]. AB - Studied was the diagnostic value of the liquid enriched nutrient medium - Streptococcus broth with kanamycin, used for the isolation of Sc. agalactiae and other mastitis streptococci in individual milk samples as well as that of blood dextrose agar with polymyxin + Staphylococcus toxin seeded after Koch for the isolation of Sc. agalactiae and other hemolytic streptococci in pooled cow milk. Direct seedings in thallium sulfate-crystal violet-B toxin blood agar (TKT agar) were used as a control. It was found that the enriched Streptococcus broth with kanamycin yields growth of 0.23 per cent more Sc. agalactiae organisms and 1.82 per cent other mastitis streptococci in individual milk samples as compared to the TKT agar. The blood dextrose agar with polymyxin seeded after Koch demonstrates fivefold more Sc. agalactiae in pooled cow milk as against the direct seedings in TKT agar, and it can be used to confirm the infection on the farms. PMID- 7029877 TI - [Method of obtaining concentrated and purified chlamydial suspensions]. AB - A method was worked out to obtain concentrated and purified chlamydial suspensions. Used were differential centrifugation and super-centrifugation, gel filtration on sepharose, and ultracentrifugation on saccharose substrate. The new method was successfully employed in electron microscopic, immunologic, and immunofluorescence investigations. As a result of its use in electron microscopy studies were carried out on the morphology of the purified chlamydial particles in ultra thin sections and negatively contrasting preparations. Immunologic studies led to the production of high-titer hyperimmune sera from guinea pigs. Such native sera were successfully used to obtain high-titer fluorescent sera. PMID- 7029878 TI - [Prof. Georgi Pavlov (scientist, university professor, public figure)]. PMID- 7029879 TI - Prof. Dr. George Pavlov (a centennial of his birth). PMID- 7029880 TI - [Prof. G. Pavlov, founder the history of veterinary medicine in Bulgaria]. PMID- 7029881 TI - [Social veterinary medicine of Prof. G. Pavlov and the modern problems of veterinary practice]. PMID- 7029882 TI - [Scientific work of Prof. Georgi Pavlov and modern veterinary science]. PMID- 7029883 TI - [Pure and applied scientific work of Prof. G. Pavlov in the field of zooprophylaxis]. PMID- 7029884 TI - [Publishing activities of Prof. G. Pavlov]. PMID- 7029885 TI - [Serological studies in bovine Q fever]. AB - A serologic study was carried out by means of the complement-fixation test (CFT) and the immunofluorescence titration method (ITM) of a total of 1250 blood samples from 13 farms, having records of abortions, retention of placentae, and endometritis. The comparison of CFT and ITM results showed that 44 (52.3 per cent) of the positive sera were altogether positive by the two methods, 24 (28.6 per cent) sera yielded positive reactions by CFT and negative ones by ITM, and 16 (19 per cent) sera proved positive by ITM and negative by CFT. In two cows that were experimentally infected with rickettsiae the complement-fixing antibodies appeared between the 8 h and 15th day, and persisted up to the 160th day, their titers reaching peak values of up to 1:160. Recorded was the dynamics of the complement-fixing antibodies in spontaneously infected cows that miscarried. In this case too the titers were not high--1:10 to 1:40. They persisted in the course of six months. PMID- 7029886 TI - Laboratory data on the experimental transmission of Creutzfeldt--Jakob disease in the guinea pig. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid samples collected from 3 patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease were inoculated intracerebrally to guinea pigs. After an incubation period of 4-14 months the animals developed a serially transmissible disease, characterized by loss of appetite, loss of weight, difficulty in movement, myoclonic convulsions and a fatal outcome within several days. The microscopic lesions caused by the experimental disease consisted in glial proliferation, spongiform change and vacuolation of the cytoplasm of proximal dendritic regions. PMID- 7029887 TI - Electron optic study of the lesions induced by Creutzfeldt--Jakob disease virus in the guinea pig. AB - An electron microscopic study was performed in brain sections from guinea pigs with experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Vacuolation of the neuropil, dilatations of the endoplasmic reticulum and lipid accumulations were observed in the grey matter, while the white matter exhibited intramyelinic vacuoles. PMID- 7029888 TI - [B-lymphocyte immunology. Present status of knowledge]. PMID- 7029889 TI - [Soviet public health in the years of the 1st Five-Year Plans]. PMID- 7029890 TI - [Bacteriological study of the arterial blood in diagnosing bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 7029891 TI - [Fundamental work on V. I. Lenin (on the publication of the 11th volume of the Biographical Chronicle)]. PMID- 7029892 TI - [Local treatment of deep burns]. PMID- 7029893 TI - [Microbiological diagnosis of streptococcal infection]. PMID- 7029894 TI - [Political workers of medical units and institutions in the World War II years]. PMID- 7029895 TI - [Biological action of neutron irradiation]. PMID- 7029896 TI - [Aleksandr Iuvenal'evich Zuev (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7029897 TI - [Therapeutic and prophylactic use of the sauna today]. PMID- 7029898 TI - [Surgical wound drainage after mastectomy]. PMID- 7029899 TI - [Multiple primary bilateral cancer of the breasts]. PMID- 7029900 TI - [Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogomolets (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 7029901 TI - [Effect of carbon disulfide on the blood sugar regulation]. PMID- 7029902 TI - [50 years of the Scientific Society of the Therapeutists of the Ukrainian SSR]. PMID- 7029903 TI - [Environmental health promotion: the way to community health (on the 50th anniversary of the Marzeev Kiev Research Institute of General and Communal Hygiene)]. PMID- 7029904 TI - [Effect of laser radiation on the human body (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7029905 TI - [Outcomes of acute dysentery]. PMID- 7029906 TI - [Immunodepressive therapy in bronchial asthma (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7029907 TI - [Interaction of viral particles and their replication productions with the plasma membranes of infected cells. New approaches to the chemotherapy of viral infections]. PMID- 7029908 TI - [Determination of arenavirus antigens and antibodies by solid-phase radioimmunological analysis]. AB - The necessary conditions of solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) have been developed for the detection of arenavirus antigens (Junin, Machupo, Tacaribe, Amapari, and LCM). The sensitivity of SPRIA is higher than that of the complement fixation test more than 100-fold. The antigens could be detected by this method in various materials. PMID- 7029909 TI - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in treating chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 7029910 TI - [Comparative evaluation of impedance cardiographic and dye dilution methods in determining hemodynamic indices]. AB - The norms of cardiac output and general peripheral resistance in 81 healthy subjects were determined by impedance-cardiography. The same hemodynamic indices were also studied in 150 patients with ischemic heart disease, idiopathic myocardiopathies, hypertonic disease and acquired valvular diseases in a state of compensation or cardiac insufficiency. The methods of impedance-cardiography and dye dilution were used. A high correlation dependence was found between the results, obtained by the two methods. Discrepancies in the individual results were observed only in the cases with mitral and aortic insufficiency combined mitral and mitral-aortic valvular defects. The author recommends the impedance cardiography as a reliable method for a wide application in the clinical practice. PMID- 7029911 TI - [Multicenter clinical trial of sinequan premedication in endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 7029912 TI - [Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase level as a possible risk indicator of susceptibility to lung cancer]. PMID- 7029913 TI - [Death of King Wladyslaw III of Varna]. PMID- 7029914 TI - [History of treatment of perianal fistula in Polish medical literature]. PMID- 7029915 TI - [Prostaglandins - selected clinical problems]. PMID- 7029916 TI - [Death of king Casimir IV]. PMID- 7029917 TI - [Arrhythmia in mitral valve prolapse]. PMID- 7029918 TI - [Immunological disorders and immunoglobulinemia in hematologic proliferative diseases]. PMID- 7029919 TI - [Illness and death of king Jan Olbracht]. PMID- 7029920 TI - [Comparison of the effectiveness of nystatin and kanesten in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis]. PMID- 7029921 TI - [Non-pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7029922 TI - [Cardiovascular system involution - pre-arteriosclerotic factors]. PMID- 7029923 TI - [Clinical problems of angioneurotic edema]. PMID- 7029924 TI - [The earliest history of Chinese acupuncture]. PMID- 7029925 TI - [Ferdinand von Hebra: the man and his work (author's transl)]. AB - Ferdinand von Hebra was the first well-known Austrian dermatologist and he belonged to the so-called IInd Viennese School of Medicine in the 19th century, of which he was one of the most prominent members. Both his life and his oevre are outlined on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his death (August 5, 1880). His monograph on scabies and his atlas on diseases of the skin are mentioned in particular. PMID- 7029926 TI - [Pathogenetic mechanism and clinical relevance of acquired anti-thrombin III deficiency in internal medicine (author's transl)]. AB - In three different disease entities associated with acquired antithrombin III (AT III) deficiency some of the pathogenetic mechanisms were studied. In liver cirrhosis (23 patients) the AT III level was closely correlated to the activity of hepatocellular synthesized clotting factors, indicating decreased AT III synthesis. In glomerular proteinuria (20 patients not on steroid therapy) the plasma level of AT III correlated inversely to the renal AT III clearance. In contrast to liver cirrhosis and proteinuria, in septicaemia (33 patients) the ratio between AT III antigen (radial immunodiffusion) and functional AT III (heparin cofactor assay using a chromogenic substrate) demonstrated an excess of AT III antigen probably due to inactive AT III-enzyme complexes. Therefore consumption of AT III appears to be an important cause of AT III deficiency in septicaemia. There was an inverse correlation between this ratio and the plasma AT III activity. It is well documented that congenital AT III deficiency predisposes to deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and sometimes to disseminated intravascular coagulation. A similar clinical relevance may be assumed for an acquired AT III deficiency, though so far a relationship between AT III deficiency and DVT has been only established in the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7029927 TI - [Influence of the venous wall--platelet interaction by dihydroergotamine (author's transl)]. AB - The incubation of rabbit venous rings (vena cava) is followed by the synthesis and release of prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2, PGI2), as measured by the inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. The incubation of the venous rings in dihydroergotamine leads to a stimulation of PGI2 synthesis and/or release. This effect of dihydroergotamine, apart from the vasoactive properties of this compound, might prove advantageous as a prophylactic measure in venous thrombosis. PMID- 7029928 TI - The metabolic fate of 1',2'-epoxyhexobarbital in the rat. AB - 1. In urine of rats treated with 1',2'-epoxyhexobarbital, unchanged compound and six metabolites were identified: 1,5-dimethylbarbituric acid, which is the end product of an epoxide-diol pathway, two stereochemically different 3'-hydroxy 1',2'-epoxyhexobarbitals, a hydroxyfuropyrimidine, 3'-hydroxyhexobarbital and 3' ketohexobarbital. 2. The analytical methods used were based on capillary g.l.c. with nitrogen-selective or mass spectrometric detection. Identification was by electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry. All the reference compounds needed for comparison were synthesized. 3. The mean plasma elimination half-life of 1',2'-epoxyhexobarbital after intra-arterial administration to the rat was 13.7 +/- 1.5 min (mean +/-S.D.; n = 3). A total body clearance of 35.2 +/ 9.6 ml/min (mean +/- S.D.) was calculated, which includes renal clearance of unchanged epoxide. 4. In rat liver microsomal preparations it was demonstrated that 1',2'-epoxyhexobarbital is hydrated by epoxide hydratase. With 1 mM 1,1,1, trichloropropene-2,3-oxide (TCPO) this enzymic reaction could be inhibited completely. 5. On administration of the individual metabolites of the epoxide to rats, no evidence was found for their possible intermediacy in the formation of 3'-hydroxy- or 3'-ketohexobarbital, which are major metabolites of hexobarbital. PMID- 7029929 TI - [Limits of resuscitation. I. Thanatophysiologic and therapeutic limits]. AB - Neither apodictic demands nor administration measures are suited to satisfy the various problems of the duty of treatment in the borderline region between life and death. An exact knowledge of the thanatophysiologic limits of the possibility of resuscitation during and after an anoxia and ischaemia is necessary. By effective cardiopulmonary measures of resuscitation, such as external heart massage with production of systolic pressure of 8-13 kPa as well as respiration with F1O2 1.0, the cardiac resuscitation time with immediate sufficiency (1. limit 4-41/2 min) may be prolonged to the cerebral resuscitation time from 8-10 minutes. Probably, the new concept of specific measures of cerebral resuscitation may definitively prolong also this 2nd limit. Furthermore, the fundamentals of the decision are discussed, for omitting or finishing a reanimation, or for reducing the intensive treatment. If the clinical syndrome of the dissociated cerebral death is present, without planned taking off an organ there is no necessity to render the finish of the intensive therapy dependent on legal regulations concerning the performance of organ transplantations. PMID- 7029930 TI - [Anniversary 1980 of the history of the Faculty of Medicine Wittenberg (II): education and research during Christian Vater's (1651-1732) and Abraham Vater's (1684-1751) duration of office]. AB - Fixed jubilees from the history of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Wittenberg gave rise to remember the work of some representative persons. We remind of the investigations of the hypophysis carried out by the professor in ordinary Konrad Viktor Schneider (1614-1680) who died 300 years age and of the clinical and theoretically significant achievements of Daniel Sennert (1572 1637). Christian Vater (1651-1732) and Abraham Vater (1684-1751) once more coin a profile of the medical science in the 18th century, whose details in teaching and research were to be illustrated in the present treatise. PMID- 7029931 TI - [The importance of serogenetics as a subspecialty of human genetics]. AB - Survey of development, positions and aspects of some of the most important fields of blood group genetics: serogenetic individuality of human blood, formal genetics, blood groups and diseases, linkage and localization on chromosomes, evolution. PMID- 7029932 TI - [Genetics of diabetes mellitus]. AB - Diabetes is genetically heterogeneous. The subdivision of idiopathic diabetes should better be performed according to the necessity of treatment (dependence on insulin) than according to the age in the primary manifestation. Up to now only few genetic entities are clinically defined, and a coordination to certain types is often difficult in the individual case. Altogether the genetic load is clearly smaller in the insulin-dependent diabetes. The risk for children of insulin dependent diabetics is only about 1-2%. Since the risk of disease for children of young non-insulin-dependent diabetics is about 50%, a clear clinical diagnostics of the mothers within the consultation is important. However, there are no reliable genetic markers for an exact subdivision into types in the individual case. The association of certain HLA-types with insulin-dependent diabetes is theoretically of great interest and refers to the participation of autoimmunological phenomena in the development of this type of diabetes. However, the estimation of HLA is not helpful for the consideration of individual cases, also within a genetic consultation. the existing heterogenias within the non insulin-dependent diabetes are not yet sufficiently clarified. This type is altogether much more genetically determined, particularly when it appears in younger age and when it is not associated with adiposity. PMID- 7029933 TI - [The value of growth hormone stimulation tests]. AB - In 142 test persons the insulin hypoglycaemia test as well as the glucagon propranolol test were performed under the interrogation of a hyposomatotropism. The combination of these tests proved as suitable for the answers to this inquiry. The insulin hypoglycaemia test led in 29%, the propranolol glucagon test only in 6% to the false indication of a hyposomatotropism. Thus the propranolol glucagon test has the higher diagnostic certainty. Insulin hypoglycaemia test and propranolol glucagon test seem to have a different effect. PMID- 7029934 TI - Pharmacological actions of calcitonin on the gastrointestinal tract and their therapeutical implications. AB - The role of calcitonin (CT) in the regulation of the calcium homeostasis in humans is doubtful, while the therapeutic use in various bone diseases gains increasing interest. Numerous investigations during the last eight years have indicated that CT affects a variety of gastrointestinal organs when CT is administered in pharmacological high doses: CT inhibits gastric acid and pepsin secretion, gastrin release, pancreatic enzyme secretion as well as the hormonally stimulated contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter and of the gallbladder. CT increases intestinal secretion. The therapeutic use of CT in gastric hypersecretory states appears to be inferior and less practicable compared to the histamine-H2-receptor antagonists. The benefit of CT in the clinical course of acute pancreatitis was observed in two controlled double blind studies but CT did not lower the mortality rate. CT does not influence increases in serum-amylase and -lipase occurring after ERCP. PMID- 7029935 TI - [Changes in kidney function and morphology in the aged]. AB - Increasing age of man leads to macroscopical and microscopical alterations in the kidneys. They cause a reduction of renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate and other renal functions. The characteristics of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid in old people up to hundred years and over are discussed with regard to vitality and sex. The result of the reduction of kidney function is only a fully compensated renal insufficiency without need of specific therapy, but with need of dose reduction of drugs excreted with urine. The radiological renal cortical index (Vuorinen) is higher in old age because of the involution of renal cortical parenchyma. The sonographic B-scan is able to show these findings as well and to delimit them from pathological ones. PMID- 7029936 TI - [Water-, electrolyte- and acid-base equilibrium in the aged]. AB - The functional capacity of the kidney decreases with advancing age. We not only find a reduced glomerular filtration rate but also disturbances in the functioning of the tubules which influence the capacity to dilute and concentrate the urine and the renal electrolyte excretion. In addition, the plasma-renin activity shows decreased response to stimulation; the aldosterone and vasopressin secretions are also decreased in old age. Disturbances of the water-, electrolyte and acid-base equilibrium often cause secondary renal failure. On the other hand, as the renal capacity is limited, renal disorders occurring in old age may lead to quicker decompensation. PMID- 7029937 TI - [Acute renal failure in the aged]. AB - Changes due to ageing appear increasingly during the last third of the lifespan, and the overall performance capability of the organism gradually declines. Loss of function of the kidney, a vital organ, in the form of acute renal failure represents a special hazard to older patients despite modern therapies including the use of the various forms of artificial kidney. In diagnosis, care must be taken to differentiate between functional renal insufficiency and genuine acute renal failure. To prevent the complications arising through acute renal failure, the water, electrolyte and acid/base balances must be extremely carefully monitored and promptly corrected where necessary. The elderly patient with acute renal failure must receive a high calorie intake (approx. 3000 kcal/24h) and must be continuously supplied with adequate quantities of amino acids (at least 1.2- 1.5 g/kg-body weight/24h). During treatment should be adjusted to the endogenous creatinine clearance which, in older patients, is often very much lowered at normal serum creatinine. With drugs whose therapeutic range is very narrow, blood level determinations are needed. To avoid uraemic complications as far as possible, it is advisable to apply, prophylactically, either conventional haemofiltration or continuous arterio-venous haemofiltration at a serum creatinine between 3 and 4 mg/dl and serum urea between 140 and 160 mg/dl. It is of decisive importance that malfunction of other vital functions is prevented, since the mortality for older patients (over 55 years of age) with acute renal failure and no other vital-function disturbance is around 30% but this figure rises to around 75% where acute renal failure and other vital-function disturbances are present. PMID- 7029938 TI - [Cardiac insufficiency in the elderly with particular reference to kidney function]. AB - Cardiac insufficiency in the elderly is not a typically age-induced phenomenon, but is rather due to pathological changes of the heart. Renal function, on the other hand, does show age-related deterioration without any apparent pathological changes occurring. For the treatment of cardiac insufficiency in the elderly three groups of drugs are used: diuretics, cardiac glycosides, and vasodilators. When sinusrhythm is still present diuretics should be primarily employed, and in uneffective glycosides, and finally vasodilators. If hypertension is the main cause of heart failure diuretics and vasodilators should be preferred, and glycosides only used in the last instance. Heart failure complicated by tachyarrhythmia should be treated primarily with glycosides, then diuretics and vasodilators. Powerfully as well as long acting diuretics may cause hypovolaemia, hyponatremia, and in particular hypokalaemia in the elderly. Digoxin accumulates with impaired renal function, Digitoxin is not affected by renal function but its half-life is extremely long. In the case of atherosclerotic changes of the vascular system, vasodilators should be employed with caution to prevent extreme drops in blood pressure. PMID- 7029939 TI - Interactions between tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli and derivatives of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. PMID- 7029940 TI - The effect of clotrimazole and triadimefon on 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase-[EC 1.1.1.34]-activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Clotrimazole and triadimefon are known as potent inhibitors of ergosterol synthesis in pathogenic yeast and fungi, respectively. As their mode of action generally the inhibition of sterol desmethylation reactions is accepted. We report about a second effect, a "feed-back" inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl (HMG)-CoA-reductase by accumulation of ergosterol precursors. Addition of lanosterol to intact cells leads to an inhibition of HMG-CoA-reductase as well, but not to fungistatic effects. From the reported data the influences of clotrimazole and triadimefon have to be considered as an inhibition of desmethylation reactions involved in ergosterol synthesis of yeast and fungi with a concomitant decreased production of mevalonate. PMID- 7029941 TI - [The neurovascular forearm island flap]. AB - We describe a neurovascular island flap of forearm skin based on the radial artery at the wrist level with reversed arterial blood flow. The flap may cover almost any skin and soft tissue defect of the hand. The flap is drained via venous anastomosis between one of the forearm veins and a suitable vein of the hand. Sensation is provided through a microneural anastomosis of one of the sensitive nerves of the forearm to a corresponding nerve of the hand. PMID- 7029942 TI - [Pedicle flap plastic surgery in the primary care of large skin and soft tissue defects of the upper extremity]. AB - Pedicle flaps from the chest or abdomen are still most suitable to cover large skin and soft tissue defects on the upper extremity. Compared to free tissue transfer with microvascular anastomosis, the conventional techniques ave advantages with regard to size, technical execution, technical differentiation and rate of healing in. Every skin and soft tissue defect on the upper extremity, however large it is, can be primarily treated by means of a pedicle flap. PMID- 7029943 TI - [The care of amputation stumps by osteo-myeloplastic according to v. Ertl]. AB - The osteo-myoplastic operation of stumps induces the formation of an osseous bridge between the tibia and fibula. The surgical procedure consists of using flexible cortico-periosteal flaps after subcortico-periosteal resection of the osseous stumps. At the same time a myoplastic operation is performed connecting the adductors with the abductors, the flexors with the extensors respectively. The operation technique is described in details. With this treatment a stump is formed that permits exposure to pressure. The stump can be used like a heel. Besides further advantages by this operation the neuro-vascular system becomes normalized. This always causes the preoperative pains to be passed. PMID- 7029944 TI - [Individual therapy of chronic terminal kidney failure]. PMID- 7029945 TI - [Experimental syphilis in white mice infected with different strains of Treponema pallidum]. PMID- 7029946 TI - [Principles of preparing clinical information on maxillofacial actinomycosis patients for computer processing]. PMID- 7029947 TI - [Characteristics of the course of foot mycoses depending on the time of year]. PMID- 7029948 TI - [Veniamin Mikhailovich Tarnovskii]. PMID- 7029949 TI - [Passive hemagglutination reaction for syphilis serodiagnosis]. PMID- 7029950 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of small and regular doses of delagil in porphyria cutanea tarda]. PMID- 7029951 TI - [Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the estrogenic stilbene derivative diethylstilbestrol (DES) (author's transl)]. AB - An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for diethylstilbestrol (DES) is described, which is based on the competitive reaction between DES and peroxidase-labelled DES for an antibody, which has been bond to an insoluble support. The preparation of the enzyme-labelled DES necessitates the use of highly purified 4-O-(carboxypropyl) diethylstilbestrol (CP-DES) to obtain a highly immunoreactive conjugate. CP-DES was synthesized from DES and ethyl-4-bromobutylate and was purified by a novel isolation procedure involving a simple solvent partition followed by hydrolysis of the ester. It was characterized by it's chemical and biological properties. The assay covers the range from 0.2 to 20 pmol/test (approximately equal to 0.05 5 ng/test). It has sufficient sensitivity and specificity compared with radio immuno assay to make it a potential method for controlling the misuse of this estrogenic substance in animal production. PMID- 7029952 TI - [Health policy - health economics - medicine and health. A current French bibliography (173 works)]. PMID- 7029953 TI - [Meinrad Schar and social and preventive medicine in Switzerland: an appreciation on his 60th birthday]. PMID- 7029954 TI - [Neural tube defects: epidemiology and early diagnosis in different countries]. PMID- 7029955 TI - [Prognosis in myelomeningoceles]. PMID- 7029956 TI - [Formation of bridge frameworks for metalloceramics using oxide annealing]. PMID- 7029957 TI - [Problems of liability in plastic and reconstructive surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029958 TI - [Primary suturing of fresh fibular ligament ruptures--technic and results of 500 cases]. PMID- 7029959 TI - [The electrophoresis mobility test (EMT) in the immunologic after care of patients with kidney transplantations]. AB - Of 80 recipients of kidney transplants 46 patients could after operation immunologically be controlled by means of the electrophoresis mobility test. Here a good correlation to the clinically observed or not established immune responses was shown. The method seems to be suitable for a postoperative immunological control, needs, however, a testing in a great number of patients. PMID- 7029960 TI - [Efficacy of a model surveillance system for juvenile urinary infections in the Sternberg district]. PMID- 7029961 TI - [Dentistry between magic and blacksmithy]. PMID- 7029962 TI - [Prosthetic treatment of occlusal gaps. Masticatory prophylaxis for the remaining teeth]. PMID- 7029963 TI - [Indirect bracket-bonding technic]. PMID- 7029965 TI - [Ceka-attachments]. PMID- 7029964 TI - [Bacterial numbers of a running water (author's transl)]. AB - Aerobic heterotrophic, pigment-producing lipolytic, coliform bacteria and E. coli were isolated at different sites of a small running water. After villages the bacterial numbers highly increased, whereas they decreased in the self purification reaches between the villages. Significant differences between the numbers of heterotrophs at adjacent locations were observed. At relatively low polluted sites high correlation coefficients between the numbers of heterotrophs and those of E. coli were found. PMID- 7029966 TI - Phage-typing of Klebsiella strains from Cologne and Wroclaw. AB - 276 strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca were phage-typed. 126 of these strains were isolated from clinical sources in the Institute of Hygiene in Cologne and 150 came from Wroclaw. The set of 19 phages used for phage-typing was chosen out of 46 Klebsiella specific bacteriophages. 80% of the isolates from Cologne were sensitive to the phages in comparison to 83% of the strains from the Wroclaw region. The phage sensitivity of the German strain differed from that of the Polish strains. 28 of the 67 phage-types were seen in Cologne and 35 in Wroclaw, only 6 phage-types were observed in both regions. The frequency and the spectrum of the phage-types were different, too. Phage-types denoted by the numbers 1, 17, 32, 36, 37, 59, 64 appeared to be most frequent (10 to 16 strains). No significant differences in the sensitivity to typing phages between strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca were demonstrated. PMID- 7029967 TI - Serotyping of Serratia marcescens: confirmation of five recently described new O antigens and characterization of an additional O-antigen. AB - Five new Serratia marcescens O-antigens (O16--O20) of Le Minor and Pigache were confirmed. An additional O-antigens (O21) was found and characterized. All six O antigens cross-reacted with previously established O-antigens of S. marcescens, necessitating the employment of cross-absorbed rabbit anti-O immune sera for definitive O-antigen analyses. PMID- 7029968 TI - [Biochemical characterization of haemophilus-strains by using the API 20 E- and API 50e-testsystem (author's transl)]. AB - The commercially available test systems API 20E and API 50E were used to characterize 74 reference strains and clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, H. aegyptius, H. parainfluenza, H. paraphrophilus and H. paraphrohaemolyticus The strains were grown on chocolate agar followed by suspending some colonies colonies in proteose pepton medium, pH 7.6, supplemented with the X- and V-factors. The alkaline suspension was used to inoculate the cups of the test kits. The alkali of the medium did not influence the biochemical reactions of the bacteria and enabled elimination of false positive reactions, particularly with the indicator phenol red. The API-systems proved efficacious for the diagnosis and characterization of the strains as compared with conventional biochemical tests. PMID- 7029969 TI - Mouse spleen cell-derived toxoplasma growth inhibitory factor: its effect on toxoplasma multiplication in the mouse kidney cells. AB - When Toxoplasma tachyzoites were inoculated into normal kidney cell monolayers, they multiplied in the cells and further causing cell rupture. However, when Toxoplasma immune lymphokines (LKs) was added to normal kidney cells, the intracellular multiplication of the tachyzoites was inhibited remarkably; particularly, in the case in which the tachyzoites were exposed to immune fresh serum prior to inoculation into the cells. Toxoplasma growth inhibitory factor (Toxo-GIF) in LKs, with a m.w. of 30,000 to 40,000 was found to be contained in LKs-II or MIF-I fraction after Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. LKs collected from Balb/c mice inhibited tachyzoite multiplication in ICR-JCL normal mice kidney cells, suggesting that LKs activity did not show mouse-strain specificity. In contrast, the addition of Toxoplasma immune serum to infected cells had no effect on the intracellular multiplication of Toxoplasma and also did not prevent cell to-cell spread. However, when extracellular tachyzoites were exposed to Toxoplasma immune fresh or heat-inactivated immune serum, especially to the former, at 37 degrees C for 30 min, their active penetration into the kidney cells were extremely inhibited and their subsequent multiplication in the cells were almost totally inhibited within 24 h as compared with those exposed to normal serum. PMID- 7029970 TI - [First isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from drinking water in Austria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029971 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica in drinking water (author's transl)]. AB - Yersinia enterocolitica was recovered from drinking water stemming from three different water supplies. The isolates were all biovar 1, subgroup V according to Winblad. Isolation of these strains was made at 37 degrees C on Endo- and Lorenz agar after enrichment in buffered nutrient broth supplemented with oxgall, lactose and dextrose. Y. enterocolitica was identified with the API 20 E-System. For grouping the strains, additional biochemical tests were done with the Minitek System. Y. enterocolitica would not have been identified with the routinely used IMVIC-scheme. Therefore, a more sensitive routine system in identifying waterborne bacteria seems to be necessary. Finally, to our knowledge this is the first report of isolations of Y. enterocolitica from drink water in Austria. PMID- 7029972 TI - [Hygienic quality of lakes which are used as open-air bath. 2. Communication: Comparison of biochemical typed Escherichia coli strains isolated from lake water and bird excrements (author's transl)]. AB - 368 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from lakewaters and bird excrements (mainly black-headed gulls) using mandatory methods for drinking water examination. All strains were further characterized by 43 biochemical physiological and 30 morphological features. Besides the API 30 E Enterobacteriaceae system and the Roche Enterotube system of biochemical testing were used comparatively. The analysis using numerical methods for taxonomy pointed out that a single biotop could be characterized by the small physiological variation of the strains. PMID- 7029973 TI - [Clinical problems of diagnostic conisation (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper are diagnostic and therapeutic results obtained from 424 cases of diagnostic conisation. The incidence of postoperative bleeding was as low as 2.1 per cent, provided skilled use of the technique and suturing without infiltration. Diagnostic statement "no reliable removal of carcinoma in situ from intact tissue" should be widely avoided and forestalled by careful surgical approach to diagnostic conisation. PMID- 7029974 TI - [Surgical anastomosis between cervix and corpus uteri (Metro-anastomosis, isthmico cervicalis) (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper is restoration of connection between cervix and corpus uteri by extirpation of a large isthmico-cervical myoma node. The good anatomic result was verified postoperatively by palpation and hysterography. PMID- 7029975 TI - [Problems of radiotherapy in radically removed cervix cancers in stages T1b NO MO. Preliminary results of a randomized clinical trial]. AB - A prospective controlled study was undertaken for the purpose of establishing the usefulness of postoperative radiotherapy following radical surgery of cervical carcinoma, Stage pT1b NO MO. A random selection was made of 120 patients who were either treated exclusively by radical surgery (Wertheim-Meigs) or in whom radical surgery was followed by postoperative telecobalt irradiation of the minor pelvis 50 to 52 Gy). No significantly difference were found to exist between the two therapeutic approaches, after an average period of follow-up observations of 33 months (between twelve and 60 months). The incidence of lymphoedema was increased with significance in those patients who had been irradiated. PMID- 7029976 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the immune adherence reaction of bacteria with erythrocytes]. PMID- 7029977 TI - [Pathology and physiology of microbes. I. General problems]. PMID- 7029978 TI - [Participation of serotonin in realizing the biological action of bacterial endotoxins]. PMID- 7029979 TI - [Analysis of data in the patent literature on methods of preparing the components of adsorbed DTP vaccine]. PMID- 7029980 TI - [Interaction of Bacteroides with pathogenic Escherichia in the intestines of gnotobiotic guinea pigs]. PMID- 7029981 TI - [Antigens of Shigella dysenteriae serovars 3-7. III. Chemical composition, toxic and physicochemical properties of exotoxins]. AB - The exotoxins of Shigella dysenteriae, serovars 3-7, were isolated. These exotoxins were found to differ from O-antigens in their chemical composition and resistance to heating, drying and the action of chemical substances. The toxicity of exotoxin was determined by its thermolabile component. Exotoxin formation varied in different strains. The preparations obtained from the cultures in the S form, isolated from patients with severe toxic forms of the infectious process, possessed the highest toxicity. The cultures (in the S- and R-forms), kept for a long time in culture media at the museum of the laboratory, completely lost their capacity for exotoxin synthesis. PMID- 7029982 TI - [Formation of L-forms of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei in vitro]. PMID- 7029983 TI - [Viral hepatitis--a world health problem]. PMID- 7029984 TI - [Dynamics of dehydration of aerodispersed microbial cells in air of different humidities]. PMID- 7029985 TI - [Use of the immunofluorescent microagglutination test for studying ornithosis. II. Diagnostic value of the reaction]. PMID- 7029986 TI - The primary immune response of brown trout (Salmo trutta) to cellular and soluble antigens: Enumeration of antibody-secreting and antigen-binding cells, and the production of antibody. AB - Significantly increased numbers (P less than 0.01) of antigen-binding (ABC) and antibody-secreting cells (ASC) were stimulated, in the spleen and the anterior kidney (AK) of the brown trout (Salmo trutta), by a single intraperitoneal injection of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS), keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH), sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or KLH- or LPS-coated SRBC. With the exception of the SRBC group, the spleens contained more AVC and ASC per 10(6) lymphoid cells than the AK. Fewer ASC were found when guinea pig complement was used than with salmon serum; with 3 exceptions the differences were significant. In both organs, ABC and ASC were detected between 2 and 4 days after injection and maxima were reached between day 14 and day 18 in most of the experimental groups. However, with fish immunised with SRBC, ABC and ASC first occurred on day 6 and peak counts were obtained on day 12. In all groups the counts had returned to background levels by day 28. The coupling of LPS or KLH tro SRBC, with one exception, significantly increased the numbers of ABC and ASC (p less than 0.02) compared to when uncoated SRBC, LPS or KLH were injected. There was no significant change when the ABC results for antigen-coated SRBC were compared to those obtained when LPS was injected by itself. Following antigenic stimulation there were significant increases (p less than 0.05) in most cases in both the spleen and the AK to body weight ratios. There were significant differences in both the spleen and the AK to bodyweight ratios. There were significant differences (p less than 0.001) between KLH and KLH-SRBC (spleen and AK), LPS and LPS-SRBC (spleen and AK) and SRBC and LPS-SRBC (AK alone). Antibodies were detected 2 to 8 days after sensitised cells were first found and reached maxima 5 to 16 days after the cellular responses. The titres obtained with experimental sera were significantly different (p less than 0.001) compared to the appropriate control groups. PMID- 7029987 TI - Hyperinsulinemia in patients with low fractional catabolic rate of triglycerides. AB - In non-diabetic persons whose serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations ranged from normal to very high levels, endogenous TG turnover was measured using the radioglycerol method of Farquhar and coworkers. Insulin, FFA, and glucose concentrations were estimated during an oral glucose tolerance test. Stimulated insulin levels were correlated positively to TG concentrations and absolute TG turnover rates, and negatively to fractional TG catabolic rates. FFA concentrations had similar relationships, also in non-insulin-dependent diabetics. A more detailed analysis showed that elevated insulin and FFA levels - as an expression of peripheral insulin resistance - are typical finding in the kind of patients whose fractional TG catabolic rate is low [less than or equal to 0.210 (h-1)], irrespective of actual serum TG concentration. Our data do not suggest a stimulatory role of insulin for TG production. PMID- 7029988 TI - Long-term administration of acetylsalicylic acid in impaired glucose tolerance in addition to the diet: effects and limits. AB - The effect of controlled long-term oral trial with 2 g/die of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in addition to diet in 14 patients suffering from impaired glucose tolerance (according to WHO criteria) was compared to diet alone plus placebo (PL). All patients were randomly assigned to ASA or PL, and then submitted to cross-over scheduling procedure (30 + 30 days). Plasma glucose levels observed after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 100 g) became normal in patients receiving ASA for 30 days (p less than 0.01 at x2 analysis). No change of abnormal OGTT data was observed when patients were treated with PL. Insulin secretin after OGTT and after i.v. glucose tolerance test (IVGTT, 5 g) was unmodified by ASA. Basal glucose levels and plasma glucose disappearance rate after IVGTT also remained unchanged after ASA. Only two subjects had to stop ASA treatment because of gastric discomfort. The oral administration of 2 g of ASA might possibly interfere with intestinal glucose absorption. The well known influence of ASA on prostaglandin synthesis and on insulin secretion could not be relevant in our own pharmacological approach. PMID- 7029989 TI - Effect of Calcitonin on plasma glucose, C-peptide, glucagon and growth hormone responses to arginine in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. AB - The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of calcitonin on plasma glucose, C-peptide, glucagon and growth hormone (GH) responses to arginine in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. For this purpose, 6 insulin-requiring diabetics were submitted to an arginine tolerance test twice, in basal conditions and during the simultaneous infusion of salmon calcitonin (100 MRC) plus arginine in random order. Calcitonin caused a clear inhibition of the plasma glucose rise triggered by the amino acid, without significant modifications of the plasma C peptide and glucagon responses. A significant rebound of plasma glucose was seen after calcitonin was stopped. Plasma GH rise following arginine administration was significantly inhibited by calcitonin. These findings suggest some positive interferences of calcitonin with the arginine-induced plasma glucose increase in insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 7029990 TI - Effect of indomethacin on the metabolic and hormonal response to a standardized breakfast in normal subjects. AB - We have investigated the influence of a single oral administration of indomethacin on blood glucose, plasma free fatty acids (FFA), alpha-amino nitrogen, insulin and glucagon concentrations in young healthy subjects. Two groups of 6 subjects were studied, the first received a standardized 500 kcal mixed meal without any previous drug administration (controls) whereas the second group received 50 mg indomethacin 2 h before ingesting an identical meal. Plasma indomethacin concentration reached its maximum (2.36 +/- 0.36 micro g/ml) 15 min after administration and declined to 0.45 +/- 0.04 micro g/ml after 2 h. Indomethacin ingestion was followed by a significant increase in blood glucose and plasma FFA reaching their maximum value at 45 min and returning to basal levels at 120 min. No simultaneous changes in plasma alpha-amino-nitrogen, insulin or glucagon levels were detected during this period. The meal was followed by a rise in blood glucose and plasma insulin as well as by a decrease in plasma FFA concentration. No significant differences were detected between the controls and the subjects receiving indomethacin. In controls, the meal was followed by a rise in plasma alpha-amino-nitrogen and a modest although significant increase in glucagon levels. In indomethacin-treated subjects, the increment of alpha-amino-nitrogen was less marked and the increase in plasma glucagon was not observed. Thus, indomethacin by itself can exert several metabolic effects; however, it does not deteriorate the blood glucose or insulin profile after a regular meal. The present work is the first to demonstrate that an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis inhibits the plasma glucagon rise occurring after a physiological stimulus such as a normal meal. On the basis of previous in vitro experiments, we suggest that this effect results from an inhibition of glucagon secretion by the PG synthesis inhibitor. PMID- 7029991 TI - Insulinotropic action of L-rhamnose in isolated rat islets. AB - L-Rhamnose at different concentrations stimulated incorporation of 3H-leucine both into islet (pro)insulin and that released into the medium. Maximum isotope incorporation with either glucose or rhamnose was seen at a concentration of 16.7 mM, although the glucose-induced effect was significantly greater. Like glucose, rhamnose also enhance the activities of acid phosphatase and cathepsin B in isolated rat islets. PMID- 7029992 TI - Glucose metabolism in rat hypothalamus. AB - In vitro glucose oxidation and glucose transport in the rat medial (MH) and lateral (LH) hypothalamic areas was measured. Glucose oxidation was calculated from the conversion of [U-14C]glucose to 14CO2 and glucose transport from 14CO2 produced from [1-14C]glucose in the presence of phenazine and methosulphate and NaF. Increasing glucose in the medium from 1 mM to 20 mM enhanced glucose oxidation two-fold in MH and 40% in LH. Addition of insulin, 100 microU/ml, to the medium decreased glucose oxidation 30% both in MH and LH at both 4 mM and 20 mM glucose. Fasting did not affect glucose oxidation in either of these hypothalamic areas. Glucose transport was not affected by insulin, but was increased significantly when glucose was raised from 0.25 mM to 1.0 mM. Fasting also increased glucose transport in both hypothalamic areas. In conclusion, extracellular glucose concentration seems to be the major regulator of glucose utilization by the rat hypothalamus. Insulin, rather than increasing, seems to decrease glucose oxidation while having no effect on glucose transport. PMID- 7029993 TI - [New theories on lymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 7029994 TI - [Experimental studies on the effects of psychic stress on the levels of blood sugar, IRI, NEFA and adrenal adrenaline (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029995 TI - [Effects of x-ray and neutron irradiation on spherical colonies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7029996 TI - Anesthesia for renal transplants. PMID- 7029997 TI - Washington scene: competition in the health care marketplace. PMID- 7029998 TI - [The dichotic listening test in the determination of cerebral dominance in normal subjects (author's transl)]. AB - The dichotic listening test is supposed to produce lateral differences in performance that would be in relationship with the functional asymmetry of the brain. Although the existence of this relationship is beyond doubt, the review of the literature shows that it may be affected by many uncontrolled factors and that cerebral dominance in normal people cannot be predicted on the basis of the test of dichotic listening. Some attempts to identify those uncontrolled factors are examined here. It appears, in addition, that the main contribution of the structural interpretation of the auditory laterality effect is that it provided a description of the neural course of auditory information. Regarding the hypotheses that inferiority of one ear would be due either to a delay in reaching the processing centers, or to a loss of information as a consequence of a longer pathway, it is claimed that the first is inconsistent with some empirical data and the second is, until now, entirely speculative. PMID- 7029999 TI - Progesterone action in mammalian uterus. AB - The present article describes some of the factors regulating progesterone action in mammalian uterus. The main emphasis is laid on the role of cytosol receptor concentrations in the ultimate expression of progestin action. In addition, recent findings on the regulation of uteroglobin (a progesterone-stimulated rabbit uterine protein) are dealt with, especially in the light of estrogen progestin interaction in this regulation. The current evidence suggests that estradiol is able to mimic and modify progesterone action in a dose-related fashion: small doses of estradiol potentiate the progesterone effect, whereas higher concentrations of this steroid almost completely block expression of progestational response. These actions of estradiol seem to occur via mechanisms distal to progesterone receptor synthesis, since the doses of estradiol which most markedly inhibit progesterone action on uteroglobin synthesis bring about a significant increase in uterine progesterone receptor concentrations. PMID- 7030001 TI - Peroral administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in advanced cancer of the breast. A preliminary report. PMID- 7030000 TI - Treatment of advanced breast cancer with progestins. AB - This paper reviews the theoretical background for the use of progestins in advanced breast cancer and the clinical experience obtained from 13 major studies. The average rate of response is about 30%, with somewhat higher rates when the dominant site of disease is localized to soft tissue and to bones, compared with viscera. Furthermore it seems that cross resistance between progestin therapy and other endocrine therapies is only partial. However, response rates related to previous therapy and to important prognostic variables such as age of the patient, disease-free interval and hormone receptor content of the tumor tissue are poorly elucidated. Only limited data are available concerning response rate in relation to dose and route of administration and data from prospective randomized trials to analyze these relations are still lacking. Considering the only modest side effects of treatment with progestins and the clinical and theoretical evidence favoring a mode of action different from that of other endocrine therapies, progestins are drugs with interesting qualities. Therefore future controlled studies with progestins alone or in combination with other systemic therapies should be carried out to establish the therapeutic efficacy of progestin therapy in primary and advanced disease. PMID- 7030002 TI - A new vaginal operation for recurrent and large rectocele using dermis transplant. AB - A new operation for large rectocele is described. The operation combines the method of posterior colporrhaphy with the principles of ventral hernia surgery using a submucosal dermis graft to reinforce the vaginal wall. Fifteen postmenopausal women were examined one to four years after treatment for rectocele with this method. All fifteen patients were cured of their symptoms. Only in one case was the anatomical result less perfect. On proper indications this operation is a good alternative to the existing methods of treating rectocele. The method is not difficult to perform for the surgeon familiar with colporrhaphy, and the operation it no more onerous for the patient than is a simple colporhaphy. PMID- 7030003 TI - Sacro-coccygeal teratoma with acute hydramnios. PMID- 7030004 TI - [Birth and development of otorhinolaryngology in the history of medicine (continued)]. PMID- 7030005 TI - Calcium blockade as a therapeutic principle in arterial hypertension. Clinical aspects and experimental studies on isolated vessels from spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive man. PMID- 7030006 TI - Subcellular distribution of inflammatory mediators in guinea-pig polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNL). AB - The experiments were performed for localizing the inflammation-inducing factors in the subcellular fractions of human and guinea pig PMNL. The magnitude of the induced inflammation tested on rats and guinea-pigs represented combined effects of all proteins extracted from PMNL. The isolation of PMNL subcellular components did not elevate the potency of the inflammatory response. The inflammation was completely abolished with SH-dependent protease inhibitor. The inflammation induced by PMNL factors is a complex phenomenon which could not be attributed to special subcellular components. PMID- 7030007 TI - Evidence for coexistence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and acetylcholine in neurons of cat exocrine glands. Morphological, biochemical and functional studies. PMID- 7030008 TI - [Testicular biopsy in male sterility. I-Technic, evaluation and interpretation]. PMID- 7030009 TI - R-plasmid study of an outbreak caused by multiresistant strains of Salmonella panama. AB - A salmonella panama outbreak was observed in the months May through July, 1979, in the newborn and intensive wards of a paediatric hospital. The isolates proved to be multiresistant to antibiotics. To clarify the presumed R-plasmid nature of the multiresistance, the transfer of the resistance to five antibiotics, viz. ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, kanamycin and tetracycline, was studied. Escherichia cole K12 Nalr, the strain used as recipient, acquired resistance simultaneously to four antibiotics, viz. ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and kanamycin. The minimum inhibitory concentration for the transconjugants agreed well with that of the original S. panama strain. Resistant and multiresistant E. coli. strains not belonging to serogroups associated with infantile enteritis were isolated from the intestinal flora of several patients and symptomless carriers. Elimination of the transmissible multiresistance was observed in 0.15-1.1% of the strains. PMID- 7030010 TI - Inulinase activity of Pichia polymorpha. PMID- 7030011 TI - E-UFA test in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7030012 TI - Vertebral artery surgery: historical development, basic concepts of brain hemodynamics, and clinical experience of 102 cases. PMID- 7030013 TI - RES and immune suppression in traumatic shock. AB - Stimulation of reticuloendothelial function was previously shown to protect against the consequences of traumatic shock, but paradoxically RE stimulation appeared to decrease the number of antibody-forming cells that developed from immunization with heterologous erythrocytes. A decrease in the number of hemolytic plaque-forming cells (PFC) was absent in trauma-resistant animals, whereas an increased number of cells was produced by impairing the phagocytic activity of RE cells. In order to determine whether phagocytic or adherent cells from rat spleen cell preparations were suppressing the PFC response, macrophages were removed with a magnet after incubating with carbonyl iron powder for one hour. Control cultures were prepared with mixed spleen cells. The hemolytic plaque-forming capacity increased 50-fold from control mixed spleen cultures as compared to those from which spleen macrophages were removed. The addition of an equal number of adherent phagocytic cells to cultures of macrophage-depleted spleen cells prevented this increase. Macrophages present in the spleen appear to be responsible for this low PFC response in the rat and may suppress the antibody forming cell response to TR rats. PMID- 7030014 TI - Reticuloendothelial system and neuro-endocrine stimulation in shock therapy. PMID- 7030015 TI - Prostaglandins in shock: to give or to block? PMID- 7030016 TI - Thromboxane, prostacyclin, and hemodynamic events in primate endotoxin shock. AB - Prostaglandins participate in the pathophysiology of septic shock; however, their exact role is unclear. In this study we investigated the possibility that thromboxane and prostacyclin, the most recently discovered prostaglandins, may be related to the pulmonary arterial hypertension (thromboxane) and systemic arterial hypotension (prostacyclin) during endotoxin shock in the baboon. There are no previously reported studies in the subhuman primate. In this study ten male baboons received an LD70 dose of E. coli endotoxin. Cardiac output, mean systemic arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, blood gases, WBC and platelet counts, and prostaglandins were determined at 0, 15, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Thromboxane and prostacyclin levels were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased after the endotoxin injection. Systemic arterial PGI values increased within 15 minutes, peaked at two hours, and was directly related to the fall in systemic arterial pressure (r = 0.93). In contrast, thromboxane values peaked at 15 minutes and directly related (r = 0.90) to the rise in pulmonary artery pressure. Thromboxane and prostacyclin are significantly increased in subhuman primate endotoxin shock. The temporal relationship of thromboxane and pulmonary arterial pressure suggests that thromboxane may mediate the effects of endotoxin on the pulmonary vasculature. PMID- 7030017 TI - Hypoglycemic depression of hepatic phagocytosis in vivo and in the in situ perfused rat liver. AB - Depression of the phagocytic function of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) during endotoxic hypoglycemia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of endotoxin shock. The present study evaluated the in vivo effects of hypoglycemia on RES function and assessed the effects of an vivo bout of hypoglycemia on phagocytosis in the in situ perfused rat liver. Hypoglycemia was produced in male Holtzman rats using either 1 U of regular insulin (RI) (ILETIN, Lilly) or 0.75 U of long-acting insulin (LAI) (85% LENTE/15% ULTRALENTE, Lilly). RES function was quantitated by intravascular clearance of 8 mg/100 gm body weight colloidal carbon (CC). Two hr after RI and 2.5 hr after LAI, the intravascular halftimes of CC clearance were 19 +/- 2 min (N = 22) and 18 +/- 1 min (N = 19), respectively, as compared to control, 11.3 +/- 0.4 min (N = 53, P less than 0.001). The corresponding plasma glucose (PG) levels were 95 +/- 2 mg/dl in control, 14.4 +/- 0.9 for the RI group, and 17 +/- 1 for LAI. Two hr after RI, livers were perfused for 10 min in situ with 50 mg/liter CC in saline 5% rat serum. PG for control liver donors were 90 +/- 3 mg/dl, while those for hypoglycemic liver donors were 15 +/- 2. CC uptake was decreased from 22 micrograms/min/gm liver in the control (+ serum, n = 19) to 11 +/- 2 in hypoglycemia livers (N = 6); no effect of serum on hypoglycemic depression of the RES was seen. There were no differences in flow rates in the 2 groups. These results indicate that hypoglycemia directly impairs RES function and that the in vivo depression of intravascular clearance is not related to either the presence or absence of serum factors or total hepatic blood flow. Thus, the characteristic hypoglycemia of endotoxin shock may contribute to RES depression and the lethal shock syndrome. PMID- 7030018 TI - [Ocular hypotensive effects of carteolol hydrochloride in primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertensive patients. A double-masked cross-over study for the determination of concentrations optimal for the clinical use (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030019 TI - [Current knowledge on the formation and structure of gingival fluid]. PMID- 7030020 TI - [Heterotransplanted bone (Kiel bone) for oroantral fistula closure]. PMID- 7030021 TI - [Pathological changes in the palatal mucosa of patients wearing inadequate prostheses]. PMID- 7030022 TI - Prostaglandin chemistry. PMID- 7030023 TI - Release of prostaglandin F2 alpha during the oestrous cycle. PMID- 7030024 TI - Practical uses of prostaglandins in sheep and goats. PMID- 7030025 TI - Practical uses of prostaglandins in pigs. PMID- 7030026 TI - Use of prostaglandins for synchronization of oestrus and treatment of prolonged dioestrus in mares. PMID- 7030027 TI - Prostaglandin production by the uterus during early pregnancy. PMID- 7030028 TI - The role of prostaglandins during parturition in the mare. PMID- 7030029 TI - Induction of parturition in cattle. PMID- 7030030 TI - Comparative trial with natural prostaglandin and an analogue (cloprostenol) in inducing parturition in sows. PMID- 7030031 TI - The treatment of ovarian cysts in cattle with prostaglandins-possibilities and limitations. PMID- 7030032 TI - Induction of abortion using prostaglandins. PMID- 7030033 TI - Therapeutic application of prostaglandins for post partum infections. PMID- 7030034 TI - Effects of prostaglandins on the genital tract. PMID- 7030035 TI - The identification of prostaglandin F2 alpha as a uterine luteolytic hormone and the hormonal control of its synthesis. PMID- 7030036 TI - The orally administered anti-allergic agent, ketotifen; efficacy in atopic and non-atopic bronchial asthma. AB - Ketotifen is a new chemical entity which has been shown pharmacologically to be both an anti-histamine and an anti-allergic agent. The oral activity of the compound has been investigated in a controlled study against placebo in 40 atopic and 38 non-atopic asthmatics. In atopic patients, ketotifen resulted in an improvement in asthma symptoms over the 12 week trial period. A significant number of patients on ketotifen were able to reduce concomitant bronchodilator therapy; there were no changes in the placebo group. The results from the non atopic patients showed that there was no improvement on ketotifen in either asthma symptoms of lung function tests. The atopic patients who had symptoms of rhinitis showed significant improvement on ketotifen over the treatment period. There was no laboratory evidence of any untoward effect of ketotifen. Thus ketotifen showed a benefit in treating atopic asthmatic subjects. Non-atopic subjects showed no response. This differential efficacy parallels the effect of ketotifen on immediate immune responses. PMID- 7030037 TI - [Evaluation of beclomethasone dipropionate in nasal allergy: double-blind crossover study]. PMID- 7030038 TI - A model for providing comprehensive speech services within a total communication program for the deaf. PMID- 7030039 TI - Drugs for urinary tract infections in women. PMID- 7030040 TI - Effects of prostacyclin on systemic and coronary hemodynamics in the dog. AB - The hemodynamic effects of intravenous and intracoronary prostacyclin (PGI2) were evaluated in anesthetized, open-chest instrumented dogs. Coronary artery and aortic blood flows, aortic and left ventricular (LV) diastolic pressure, and heart rate were measured continuously. With intravenous PGI2 both left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex (LCX) coronary artery blood flows remained unchanged; both arterial and LV diastolic pressures declined; coronary resistance declined progressively with increasing PGI2; peak reactive hyperemic flow following 10-second coronary artery occlusion declined progressively with increased PGI2; heart rate responses were variable at low doses but increased at high dose; and aortic blood flow increased consistently. With intracoronary PGI2 both LAD and LCX coronary blood flows increased promptly in dose-related manner. In dogs with critical coronary artery narrowing (loss of reactive hyperemia) created by an external plastic occluder, intravenous prostacyclin (0.5 microgram/kg/min) did not alter flow in narrowed coronary artery, but increased flow in the non-narrowed coronary artery (p less than 0.02) as both systemic arterial and LV diastolic pressure declined. These results show that PGI2 has potent direct coronary and systemic vasodilator actions. PMID- 7030041 TI - Evaluation of noncoronary sources of left ventricular perfusion to intercoronary collateral-dependent myocardium due to chronic major vessel occlusion: absent contribution of luminal and extracardiac channels. AB - Liminal contribution to perfusion of collateral-dependent left ventricular (LV) myocardium was evaluated in six dogs. A portion of LV free wall was rendered collateral-dependent by gradual occlusion of left circumflex artery with Ameroid constrictor. Eight to 10 weeks after implantation of constrictor, measurements of LV myocardial flow were made by left atrial injections of 9-10 micro radioactive microspheres. To measure total collateral flow, microspheres were injected under control conditions, and to measure luminal contribution to collateral flow, microspheres were injected after ligation of right coronary artery during extracorporeal perfusion of left common coronary artery (LCCA) with microsphere free arterial blood, and during stoppage of flow through LCCA. Under control conditions, myocardial blood flow in collateral-dependent region, 1.01 +/- 0.31 ml/min/gm, was not significantly different from that in normal region, 1.06 +/- 0.32 ml/min/gm. Flow from luminal collateral vessels was negligible (less than 0.005 ml/min/gm) in both collateral-dependent and normal myocardium, and was not affected by stoppage of flow through LCCA. These results indicate that luminal collateral vessels, as well as collateral vessels originating from other noncoronary sources, do not contribute significantly to perfusion of normal or collateral-dependent LV myocardium. PMID- 7030042 TI - Primary heart disease in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): advances in clinical and pathologic features, pathogenesis, and new therapeutic approaches. AB - Heart disease in SSCL may be primary or secondary. Primary involvement includes pericarditis, myocardial fibrosis, and contraction band necrosis with congestive cardiomyopathy, conduction system fibrosis, intramural coronary artery lesions and, rarely, valvular disease. Symptoms include those of left and right ventricular failure, chest pain, palpitations, syncope, and sudden death. Pathogenesis may be related to functional Raynaud's phenomenon of the heart and/or structural small vessel disease. Therapy at present is symptomatic; however, new therapeutic approaches are warranted. PMID- 7030043 TI - The industrial hygiene significance of small air ions. AB - A survey of small air ion levels at an electronic assembly production facility was made in response to symptoms of unknown origins. Some of the symptoms are common both to psychogenic and ion imbalance illnesses. A brief review of the literature of small air ion effects on biological systems and human health is presented. Results of sampling are presented and discussed. No ion associated illness was thought to be the cause of the symptoms found. PMID- 7030044 TI - John Hunter and angina pectoris. PMID- 7030045 TI - Nerve endings in human sympathetic ganglia. AB - Forty-eight human sympathetic ganglia from 22 sympathectomies were examined ultrastructurally after one of three different fixations: (1) glutaraldehyde + osmium tetroxide, (2) glutaraldehyde + potassium dichromate + osmium tetroxide, or (3) potassium permanganate. Three different kinds of synapsing nerve ending could be identified after all fixation schedules. Type 1: "Cholinergic," containing small, agranular vesicles 40-60 nm in diameter (75% of all vesicles) and some large granular vesicles (100 nm in diameter). The number of type 1 profiles decreased with increasing age. Type 2: "Adrenergic," containing small granular vesicles 40-70 nm in diameter (over 90% of the vesicles). Type 3: "Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic," characterized by large opaque vesicles 80 -160 nm in diameter (over 50% of all vesicles). The frequencies of the types were counted after potassium permanganate fixation: type 1 - 71%, type 2 - 23%, and type 3 - 6%. In addition, at least two types of nerve profiles were observed which did not form synapses: (1) profiles entirely filled with mitochondria (mitochondrial accumulation), and (2) large nerve profiles full of different kinds of vesicles, myelin figures, and mitochondria (axonal dilatation). It is concluded that the sympathetic ganglion cells receive cholinergic and adrenergic innervation and also a third type of innervation, the possible peptidergic nature of which is discussed. PMID- 7030046 TI - Freeze-fracture studies on the thin limbs of Henle's loop in Psammomys obesus. AB - The thin limbs of short and long loops of Henle of the desert rodent Psammomys obesus were studied by freeze-fracture techniques. Intercellular junctions and internal membrane characteristics of thin-limb epithelia are of interest with regard to the high urine-concentrating capacity of this animal. The epithelium of the descending thin limbs of short loops is remarkably undifferentiated and equipped with multistrand tight junctions. In the descending thin limb of long loops, two segments are to be distinguished. The upper parts are characterized by an extensive cellular interdigitation and single-strand tight junctions. Thus, the paracellular pathways are prominent from two aspects: the junctional belt is elongated by interdigitation, and its apico-basal depth is shallow. The transition from the upper to the lower part appears to be abrupt, as indicated by the change in intramembrane particle density. The lower parts are characterized by a noninterdigitating epithelium with junctions consisting of few, but always more than two, strands. In addition, this thin-limb segment is characterized by regularly distributed infoldings of the basal cell membrane. The ascending thin limbs are established by an interdigitation epithelium, with junctions generally consisting of one strand. Once again, the elongated junctional belt is shallow. This study presents further evidence that remarkable species difference occur among thin-limb epithelia, especially concerning the descending thin limbs of long loops. Those differences may well explain discrepant functional findings concerning the transport properties of this segment in various species. PMID- 7030047 TI - Decreased prostacyclin synthesis in vitamin E-deficient rabbit aorta. AB - Rabbit aorta predominantly synthesizes prostacyclin (PGI2), a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and a strong vasodilator. We report here the effect of vitamin E depletion and repletion on endogenous release of PGI2 by rabbit aorta. Serum pyruvate kinase was monitored for myopathy. The endogenous release of PGI2 by the aorta, detected as its stable metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, was inhibited by indomethacin and was inversely related to the size of aorta sections. Deficient aorta synthesized significantly less PGI2 than those from control animals. Repletion of deficient animals for 48 h completely restored the PGI2 release to a level comparable to the control values. The data showed that PGI2 synthesis by aorta can be influenced by dietary vitamin E. PMID- 7030048 TI - Serum insulin and glucose in hyperinsulinemic subjects fed three different levels of sucrose. AB - Twenty-four adult men and women, classified as carbohydrate-sensitive on the basis of an exaggerated insulin response to a sucrose load, consumed diets containing 5, 18, and 33% of calories as sucrose for 6 wk each in a cross-over design. The diets contained identical natural and processed foods except for a patty containing 2, 15, or 30% of the calories as sucrose at the expense of wheat starch. Carbohydrate, fat, and protein provided 44, 42, and 14% of the calories, respectively. Of total calories, 25% were consumed at breakfast and 75% at dinner. Initial body weights of the subjects were essentially maintained. Fasting serum insulin levels increased with the sucrose content of the diet and were significantly higher in men than in women. Mean fasting glucose was significantly higher on either 18 or 33% sucrose than on 5% sucrose. The sucrose content of the diet did not affect fasting serum glucagon. When compared to the insulin response to a sucrose load (2 g/kg body weight) after consuming the 5% sucrose diet, serum insulin was significantly higher at 1 h after the 18% sucrose diet and at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 h after the 33% sucrose diet. Except after 2 h, the glucose response was significantly greater after the 18 and 33% sucrose diets than after the 5% sucrose diet. These results indicate that sucrose intake by carbohydrate sensitive individuals, even at levels approximating the average United States intake, can produce undesirable changes in several parameters associated with glucose tolerance. PMID- 7030049 TI - Effects of an oral load of partially hydrolyzed wheatflour on blood parameters and substrate utilization in man. PMID- 7030051 TI - Tai Chi Chuan. AB - Tai Chi Chuan, a mind-body relaxation exercise, was devised by Chang San Feng for meditation and self-defense in the thirteenth century A.D. The 108 forms are performed in a slow relaxed manner, taking 30 minutes altogether. Practitioners of Tai Chi claim that it promotes health and cures certain illnesses but this has not been substantiated and therefore further research into its health benefits is warranted. PMID- 7030050 TI - A simplified approach to lipoprotein kinetics and factors affecting serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. AB - Serum lipoproteins have received considerable notoriety as risk factors for atherosclerotic disease, yet the kinetic factors that determine serum concentrations are often unappreciated. Simple compartmental models for lipoprotein kinetics are herein presented which integrate key features of lipoprotein metabolism and allow prediction of very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein levels in a wide variety of clinical circumstances. Possible changes in kinetic parameters responsible for hyperlipidemia in obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, carbohydrate (sugar)-induced hypertriglyceridemia, alcoholic type V hyperlipemia, polyunsaturated fat diets, and several pharmacological interventions are discussed. Key features of lipoprotein metabolism are briefly reviewed. PMID- 7030052 TI - The tradition of alchemy in India. AB - The Aryan of ancient times was a nomad who lived mainly by hunting. The aged, incapable of partaking in such activity, were considered parasites and were exiled as lonely ascetics to the forest. The ascetic began searching for a strength-giving drug so that he could collect edible plants from the forest. He discovered ephedra or the soma plant as an energizer-cum-euphoriant. Feeling stronger and happier he entertained the idea of a drug of rejuvenation. The Aryan nomad as a hunter often over-exerted himself and became exhausted. He then took soma juice thrice daily to prevent exhaustion. With such benefits soma became a popular drink in the Aryan community as a whole. When the Aryans entered India soma became unavailable. Its need persisting, the ascetic substituted ephedra with a mixture of other drugs. If soma was Rasa, or the juice, the substituted medicament was called Rasayana, signifying "juice-incorporate". Rasayana again was geriatric medicine which promised rejuvenation. Later came contact with the Chinese and their use of mercurials. These proved to be efficient energizers and were accepted as Rasayana. Then Aryan medicine first extolled ephedra, next some herbal drugs, and finally mercurials. As energizers-cum-euphoriants, both ephedra and mercurials are anti-somnolents, a feature absent in intoxicants and nacrotics. PMID- 7030053 TI - A neuropathologic approach to human disease: the intracranial mass effect. AB - This review describes insults to the brain which result in either an increased or decreased mass effect. These mechanisms produce certain derangements in the central nervous system, which can lead to the patient's death. Increased intracranial mass effect characterized by brain tumors may produce lethal brain stem ischemia. On the other hand, decreased intracranial mass effect as seen in Alzheimer's disease leads to aspiration pneumonia and terminal sepsis. PMID- 7030054 TI - The Whitechapel murders: the case of Jack the Ripper. AB - Between August 31 and November 9, 1888, in the Whitechapel section of the East End of London, the murders of five women came to be referred to as the notorious Jack the Ripper murder cases. Each victim was a woman of the streets who was a heavy drinker and apparently heavily intoxicated when she was killed. All except one were strangled, had their throats cut, and were mutilated after they were killed. The victim who was not mutilated was strangled and saved from desecration when the killer was startled and interrupted before carrying out postmortem mutilation. The last victim was killed indoors, and all deaths occurred late in the evening or in the early morning hours. Forensic science laboratories were not yet developed, so the only truly forensic examinations were made on the bodies and of the notes which the killer was alleged to have sent to the police and others. After the last crime there were no further communications with the murderer, and no one was ever charged with these crimes. This case has become the standard to which similar cases have been compared for the past century. It has been the subject for many fictionalized works written in many languages, including cinema and television productions. This case is reviewed and evaluated as to how a similar case may be investigated using modern forensic techniques. PMID- 7030055 TI - History of the methods of detecting murder. PMID- 7030056 TI - Applications of clinical laboratory tests to the autopsy: a practical guide for specimen collection. PMID- 7030057 TI - Dr. Harrison Stanford Martland (1883-1954). AB - A brief profile of Harrison Martland is not enough to judge the totality of his impact on American medicine. His scholarly study of the occupational exposure of the radium watch dial painters is a classic in epidemiological application of the tools of the pathologist to the study of a community problem. It serves as an excellent example of how knowledge derived from study of the dead can be applied to the benefit of the living and present similar problems from occurring. PMID- 7030058 TI - Advances in American forensic sciences. California's role. AB - The forensic sciences in the United States, specifically forensic medicine, have benefited primarily from the advances made by the New York Medical Examiner Office pioneers and the philosophy developed in the Massachusetts medicolegal structure as begun in 1877. California's pioneering role is directly related to the development of criminalistics which in turn served as a stimulus for the improvement and development of forensic medicine in that state. Historically many private practitioners were involved in general criminalistics in California before the system of state criminalistic laboratories and criminal investigations was well established. Any report on the growth of the forensic sciences must include mention of the earlier pioneers including Heinrich, Kirk, Kytka, Crossman, Abernethy, Pinker, Helsel, and Noxley. A review of the current state of the art in the forensic sciences is presented, as is a review of the contributions of California to the development of American forensic sciences. PMID- 7030059 TI - Sir Bernard Spilsbury. PMID- 7030060 TI - Septicemia as a complication of liver biopsy. AB - Although bacteremia is a common accompaniment of needle liver biopsy, septicemia is an extremely rare complication and normally occurs within the first eight hours after the procedure. A case of late onset septicemia, caused by E. coli and B. fragilis, secondary to bowel perforation during liver biopsy, is presented with a brief review of the recent literature. PMID- 7030061 TI - Cancer link to magnetic field exposure: a hypothesis. PMID- 7030062 TI - The epidemiologic importance of psychosocial factors in longevity. PMID- 7030063 TI - Arbovirus subtyping: applications to epidemiologic studies, availability of reagents, and testing services. PMID- 7030064 TI - An outbreak of salmonellosis involving multiple vehicles. AB - A biphasic outbreaks of salmonellosis affected customers and employees of a restaurant in Maine, in October and November, 1979. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from 27 customers and nine employees. Ten other individuals were ill but did not have specimens taken for culture, and there were four secondary cases including one affecting a laboratory technician. Fourteen individuals (28%) were hospitalized for up to 45 days, and a total of 416 days of work were lost as a result of the outbreak. Two different food items served at the restaurant at separate times were identified as vehicles. In the first part of the outbreak, 37 persons who consumed either egg-based foods (p = 0.003) or salad (p = 0.006) became ill. In the second phase of the outbreak, in late October and November, nine cases were associated with consumption of inadequately refrigerated salad (p = 0.008), but not with egg-based foods. An infected symptomatic food handler prepared the incriminated salad for some members of this latter group. Use of antacids was also associated with illness (p = 0.03). The occurrence of illness over a seven-week period, the implication of several vehicles, and the demonstration of secondary cases suggest that "sporadic" cases of salmonellosis in the community may be linked. PMID- 7030065 TI - Power considerations in epidemiologic studies of vinyl chloride workers. AB - Nine retrospective mortality studies of workers exposed to vinyl chloride were reviewed to determine whether differences in their hypothesis testing results might be due to differences in statistical power. Where possible, the power of each study was calculated for cancer of the lung, brain and liver. When power was taken into consideration, the results for liver and brain cancer were found to be consistent with an etiologic role for vinyl chloride. For lung cancer, the data were not consistent with an etiologic role in that two studies with very high power yielded negative results. PMID- 7030066 TI - Effect of endotoxin on arachidonic acid release and thromboxane B2 production by human platelets. AB - Plasma thromboxane A2, which is elevated during endotoxemia, has previously been shown to be a major factor contributing to the mortality and morbidity that occurs in endotoxin shock in the experimental animal. Using a minimal dose of Escherichia coli endotoxin (1 microgram/ml), we have demonstrated that the preincubation of human platelets with endotoxin induces changes in platelet arachidonic acid release and the subsequent conversion of the released arachidonic acid to thromboxane B2, and stable end product of thromboxane A2. In paired experiments, in the presence of endotoxin, the addition of the aggregating agent thrombin (0.5 U/ml) caused human platelets to release 29.1 +/- 3.4% of 14C arachidonic acid from prelabeled platelet phospholipids. This value was significantly elevated (p less than 0.02) when compared with the release of 14C arachidonic acid from platelets in the absence of endotoxin (21.9 +/- 3.6%). Similarly, comparison of the results of the conversion of the released arachidonic acid to platelet thromboxane B2 (TxB2) revealed that TxB2 production was significantly increased (P less than 0.01) when human platelets were preincubated with endotoxin prior to the addition of thrombin (6.1 +/- 0.6%) when compared with TxB2 formation observed in the absence of endotoxin (3.4 +/- 0.5%). The absolute amount of released arachidonic acid that was converted to TxB2 in the presence of endotoxin (1.8 +/- 0.3%) was also significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than the value observed in its absence (0.8 +/- 0.2%) was also significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than the value observed in its absence (0.8 +/- 0.2%). This study suggests that one of the tissue sources of the proaggregatory vasoconstrictor thromboxane A2 during endotoxemia is the platelet. PMID- 7030067 TI - Successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after reversion of chronic phase of blast crisis in chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - A female with chronic myeloid leukemia (XX Ph 1 +) in blast crisis (localized to pleura and lymph nodes) was treated by polychemotherapy. After reversion to the chronic phase, and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, (BMT) was performed. Sixteen months after BMT, no sign of the disease was present (XY Ph 1-). PMID- 7030068 TI - Bone marrow transplantation followed by normal pregnancy. AB - A full-term normal male child was delivered using forceps fifteen months after successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a woman who presented with severe acute aplastic anemia. The uneventful course of this pregnancy demonstrates that the high-dose cylcophosphamide administration used to prepare the patient for the procedure need not irreversibly suppress ovarian or endocrine function. This observation has relevance for the increasing numbers of young patients with aplastic anemia or acute leukemia undergoing bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7030069 TI - A response to termination of skilled nursing facility Medicaid provider agreements: procedural due process requirements. PMID- 7030070 TI - Pathophysiology and treatment of endometriosis. AB - The pathophysiology of endometriosis and its treatment are discussed. Endometriosis is a gynecological disorder characterized by the growth of the ectopic endometrium. The usual plaque looks like a small blood-filled cyst that is surrounded by a puckering scar. This tissue responds to fluctuating levels of hormones just as the normal endometrium does, and monthly bleeding of the cysts occurs followed by inflammation and scarring. Endometriosis may cause infertility, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and other menstrual problems. Therapy is chosen based on extent of disease, tolerance of side effects, and desire for pregnancy. Surgery is usually reserved for more extensive cases of the disease or if fertility is no longer desired. Induction of "pseudopregnancy" with estrogen-progesterone combinations has been used frequently; however, weight gain, initial exacerbation of pain, and the possibility of thromboembolism are limiting factors. Pseudomenopause, induced by danazol therapy, is an alternate method of treatment that causes a static endometrium. It offers rapid relief of symptoms to the majority of patients, and its most common side effects of weight gain and edema are reversible. Fertility rates after treatment are difficult to compare, but they appear to be similar for both hormonal therapies. Danazol has emerged as an effective alternative to the estrogen-progesterone combination treatment of endometriosis. Danazol may be prescribed before surgery to reduce lesions, following surgery to ablate any remaining lesions, or as the sole therapy for endometriosis. PMID- 7030071 TI - Pharmacokinetics service for ambulatory patients. AB - The use of an EMIT-based serum analysis and clinical pharmacokinetics service at a family practice medical group was evaluated. The baseline level of serum drug concentration (SDC) requests per month was determined in a six-month analysis. After the purchase of the EMIT equipment and the initiation of the service, records were maintained to evaluate the cost of providing the service and its effect on the number of assays performed. This study also determined: (1) how often the pharmacist's recommendations were followed by the physicians, (2) whether the pharmacist's predicted SDC corresponded with the actual concentration, and (3) the effect of an inservice pharmacokinetics educational program on physicians' knowledge, as determined by pre- and post-testing. The requests for SDCs were found to increase from monthly average of 18 to 47 during the first year of the program's operation. The service was found to be financially self-supporting. Family practitioners concurred with the pharmacists' recommendations 97% of the time. Through the use of pharmacokinetic equations and compliance data, the pharmacists were able to predict SDC, with 91% accuracy for compliant patients. The physicians' test scores improved from 59% to 79% after the educational program. The SDC assay service (independent of the consultation service provided by faculty members and students) was self-supporting. Assessment of compliance appears to be a necessary part of an ambulatory pharmacokinetics service in accurately predicting SDC values. PMID- 7030072 TI - Warfarin-induced skin necrosis: report of four cases. AB - Four cases of warfarin-induced skin necrosis are reported, and previous reports of this adverse drug reaction are summarized. A 53-year-old man experienced two episodes of skin necrosis on his left flank and buttock, following the initiation of warfarin therapy for acute thrombophlebitis and after a dose adjustment. The lesion formed multiple hemorrhagic bullae that ruptured, and an eschar formed that did not heal and eventually required skin grafting. Seven days after the initiation of warfarin therapy, an area of erythema surrounded by a halo was noted on the left thigh of a 79-year-old woman. Following the typical pattern, the erythematic area turned to a blue-black color and rapidly formed an eschar deep into the subcutaneous tissue that required debridement. A 70-year-old man was given a warfarin dose of 10 mg daily that was reduced to 2.5 mg daily. It was discontinued when bullous violaceous lesions were discovered on his lower left leg and foot. His prothrombin times never exceeded 20 seconds with a control of 10.6 seconds. A 37-year-old woman was admitted with an erythematous area on her right thigh that turned blue-black and subsequently formed an eschar. Her prothrombin time was 21 seconds with a control of 10.6 seconds. Of the 50 reports of warfarin-induced skin necrosis in the literature (including the four here), 74% of the cases involved women. The mean age of the patients was 54 years, and 60% of the lesions occurred on the thigh, breast, or buttock. Usually the onset of the lesion was noted on days 3--5 of warfarin therapy. Sixty percent of the patients were hypocoagulated. The etiology of warfarin-induced skin necrosis has not been definitively established. In the event of this unusual complication, warfarin therapy should be discontinued, vitamin K should be administered to reverse the effects of warfarin, and heparin should be used to provide anticoagulation. PMID- 7030073 TI - Duration of treatment of urinary tract infections. AB - This review was stimulated by the current interest in use of single-dose therapy for uncomplicated "lower tract" infection in females and the potential benefit of long-term prophylaxis for patients with recurrent infections. Duration of therapy is only a tactic. It is dependent on understanding the natural history of urinary tract infections in relation to risk factors and the predictable response to treatment. Based on the pertinent literature, a series of elements are presented that define the current consensus concerning the definition, natural history and risk of renal damage from urinary tract infection. These are then considered in relation to the current diagnostic measures and procedures to localize infection. Single-dose therapy combined with bacteriologic monitoring appears to be a useful method to localize infection. Although it defines individuals who may require more prolonged treatment, it has not yet been shown to predict risk of renal damage or identify a subpopulation requiring further study. The major predictors of renal injury are anatomic and neurologic lesions that alter urine flow and host factors that decrease resistance to infection. These are currently better defined by individual patient characteristics and clinical observation than by localization studies. Long-term low-dose prophylaxis has been shown to be an effective means of management of highly recurrent episodes of infection. It does not, however, appear to prevent recurrences, after therapy has been discontinued, even after periods of prophylaxis as long as six months. Treatment should be based on reasonable expectancy of reduction in morbidity and/or renal damage. PMID- 7030074 TI - Rapid methods in microbiology: III. Rapid methods for the identification of gram negative organisms. PMID- 7030075 TI - Rapid methods in microbiology: II. Rapid identification of gram-positive organisms. PMID- 7030076 TI - Medical genetics in China. PMID- 7030077 TI - In memoriam: Dr. P. J. Waardenburg (1886--1979). PMID- 7030078 TI - Mary Breckinridge: a pioneer who made her mark. PMID- 7030079 TI - Endophthalmitis complicating neonatal group B streptococcal septicemia. PMID- 7030080 TI - Primary familial amyloidosis of the cornea. PMID- 7030081 TI - The Frankel appliance (FR-2): model preparation and appliance construction. PMID- 7030082 TI - Dentofacial orthopedics: fifty years of concern. PMID- 7030083 TI - Persistent increase in glucose uptake by rat skeletal muscle following exercise. AB - The effect of a bout of exercise on glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle was examined using a perfused rat hindlimb preparation. Rats were subjected to a bout of swimming. The exercise stress was moderate as reflected in a reduction of muscle glycogen concentration of only 50%. Glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis were measured in perfused hindlimb muscles for a 30-min period beginning approximately 60 min following the exercise. The rate of glucose uptake in the absence of insulin was 10-fold higher in hindlimbs of exercised animals than in the controls. The rate of glucose uptake was also higher in exercised than in control muscles in the presence of 50 microunits/ml or 10 mU/ml of insulin, but these differences were smaller than that found in the absence of insulin. Conversion to glycogen was the major pathway for disposal of the glucose taken up by muscle. The rate of glycogen accumulation in the exercised plantaris muscles was greater than in the control muscles both in the absence and presence of insulin. PMID- 7030084 TI - Muscle proteolytic enzyme activities in diabetic rats. AB - Proteolytic enzyme activities were measured in skeletal muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes [tail vein injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg), under ether anesthesia]. Assay of rat muscle homogenates from diabetic rats revealed a significant increase in alkaline serine protease activity as compared to untreated control rats and diabetic rats given insulin. There were no significant changes in lysosomal cathepsin activities in diabetic muscle as compared to controls. Gel studies of myofibrils isolated from the three groups of rats, subjected to autolysis, revealed that the serine protease had copurified with the myofibrils. Treatment of rats with compound 48/80, which degranulates mast cells, abolished the alkaline protease activity. There was no serine protease activity associated with the myofibrils isolated from compound 48/80-treated rats. Results from this study indicate that serine proteases are not involved in muscle protein breakdown in diabetes and are of mast cell origin. PMID- 7030085 TI - Hypotensive effect of water restriction in the two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rat. AB - In two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rats we evaluated the effect of water restriction on the development and maintenance of severe hypertension (systemic blood pressure 200-230 mmHg). After application of renal arterial clips in rats allowed access to water for 1 or 2 h daily, BP stabilized at 180-190 mmHg. No increase in water intake occurred and plasma renin activity(PRA) (measured before the drinking period) was significantly below the levels observed in ad libitum drinking hypertensive rats. In rats administered 4 ml water/100 g body weight twice daily by gavage, development of hypertension was more clearly suppressed. Blood pressure increased slowly and reached levels of only 150-170 mmHg. Furthermore, PRA was significantly lower in this group compared with ad libitum drinking hypertensive animals. In rats with established (4-5 wk) renal hypertension, restriction of water intake to 1 or 2 h daily resulted in a rapid decrease in BP of about 30 mmHg. Daily administration of Pitressin tannate to hypertensive rats allowed free access to water induced a similar decrease in BP as well as suppression of PRA. These results indicate that the hypotensive effect of water restriction in the two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rat model may be mediated, at least in part, through elevated circulating levels of vasopressin that subsequently inhibit renin release. PMID- 7030086 TI - Prostaglandin control of plasma and platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine in normal and embolized animals. PMID- 7030087 TI - Comparative physiology of insect renal function. AB - Transport mechanisms and their control in various segments of insect excretory systems are reviewed and compared to those of vertebrate nephrons, exocrine glands, and hindguts. Formation of the primary urine in most insect Malpighian tubules (MT) is by isosmotic secretion, which is driven by an apical cation (K+) pump rather than by Na+-K+-ATPase. Unlike the glomerular filtrate of vertebrates, insect MT fluid is very different from the blood in composition, often having very high K+-to-Na+ ratios, and urine-to-plasma values much less than unity for most other solutes. The total surface area of insect MT is some 20 times that of vertebrate glomeruli per unit body weight. Secretion of MT fluid is regulated by neuropeptides over a wide range of rats, similar to glomerular filtration rate values for many vertebrate kidneys. Several secretory mechanisms for selected solutes are probably common to insect and vertebrate tubules. Unlike vertebrates, insects usually reabsorb most of the filtered water, ions, and metabolites in the rectum, which has a small surface area relative to the MT. The rectum is also where ionic and osmotic composition of the excreta is finally adjusted, under the control of neuropeptide hormones. In the rectum, insect excreta can become as hyperosmotic as mammalian urine, even though a countercurrent multiplier system is not present. Active transport of Cl- predominates in both locust rectum and the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, but the characteristics of the anion transfer process are quite different in these two epithelia. PMID- 7030088 TI - Glucoregulation and simulated diving in the harbor seal Phoca vitulina. AB - Plasma glucose, glucagon, and insulin concentrations were measured in the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina, during a 6-min dive and a 30-min recovery period. Studies were performed in the fasting state and following intravenous glucose. During diving in the fasting state, values of plasma glucose, glucagon, and insulin are not significantly different from prediving values, presumably because of the loss of perfusion to the pancreas. In the postdiving period, plasma glucagon increases significantly. The increased glucagon levels reach a peak at 6 min into the postdiving period. By 4 min postdiving, plasma glucose values increase. The hyperglycemia appears to be at least partially related to hyperglucagonemia. Despite hyperglycemia, insulin levels do not change significantly. The net effect is to increase glucose availability, particularly for non-insulin-requiring tissues (brain). Preadministration of glucose eliminates the postdiving increase in glucagon. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations also show no significant changes during the diving and postdiving periods. These results suggest that hormonally mediated glucose conservation serves to maintain brain glucose supplies and to restore peripheral carbohydrate stores during the postdiving period. PMID- 7030089 TI - Rats with lateral hypothalamic lesions do eat following acute cellular glucoprivation. PMID- 7030090 TI - Social skills training compared with pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in the treatment of unipolar depression. AB - The authors contrasted four treatments for unipolar (nonpsychotic) depression: 1) amitriptyline, 2) social skills training plus amitriptyline, 3) social skills training plus placebo, and 4) psychotherapy plus placebo. They studied 72 female outpatients, 52 of whom completed the 12 weeks of treatment. The four treatments, conducted by experienced clinicians, were not substantially different from one another. Each treatment produced significant and clinically meaningful changes in symptomatology and social functioning. However, the authors identified several notable differences across groups: a significant difference in dropout rates (from a high of 55.6% for the amitriptyline group to a low of 15% for the social skills plus placebo group) and a significant difference in the proportion of patients who were substantially improved. The social skills plus placebo treatment was the most effective treatment on this dimension. PMID- 7030091 TI - Vascularity of gastrointestinal staple lines demonstrated with silicone rubber injection. AB - Gastrointestinal stapling devices were applied across canine small intestine, and then the blood supply of the stapled segments was immediately filled with silicone rubber. After tissue clearing and microdissection, the outstanding vascularity of the staple lines was clearly demonstrated. The B configuration of the closed staple allows blood vessels of substantial size to pass through it. This might make staple technique especially advantageous whenever vascularity is critical. PMID- 7030092 TI - Great opportunity: a binding summons to achieve. Musings upon surgical history. PMID- 7030093 TI - Respiratory assistance on surgical wards with continuous positive airway pressure (Turbo-PEEP-Weaner). AB - Based on our own experience, we introduce a new continuous positive airway pressure device. The patient can breathe continuously positive airway pressure through a tight face mask, and thus the postoperative reduction in functional residual capacity is counteracted. This is shown by the well-documented clinical course of a 62 year old man who had respiratory insufficiency after proximal selective vagotomy. PMID- 7030094 TI - [Potential clinical use of clomiphene and its analogs in endocrine sterility]. PMID- 7030095 TI - [Emotional stress as a cause of secondary amenorrhea in girls]. PMID- 7030096 TI - [Changes in the legislation regulating the legal status of artificial abortion in the world in the past 10 years]. PMID- 7030097 TI - [Diagnostic and treatment problems and prospects in precancerous and early stages of cervical cancer]. PMID- 7030098 TI - The immune system and the histiocytosis syndromes. AB - The histiocytosis syndromes consist of a heterogeneous group of disorders referred to as histiocytosis X or differentiated histiocytosis. Although a large proportion of cases of histiocytosis remains to be of an idiopathic nature, there are cases in which the etiologic mechanism appears to be a defect in the immune system. Provided is a brief review of the literature regarding the immune system in histiocytic disease and a review of the experience at the University of Minnesota with immunologic evaluation of children with histiocytic reactions. Two general hypotheses on the relationship between the immune system and histiocytosis syndromes are discussed. PMID- 7030099 TI - Chemotherapy of histiocytosis. PMID- 7030100 TI - The role of radiation therapy in the management of children with histiocytosis X. AB - Excellent results can be obtained with radiation therapy in the primary management of localized histiocytosis, usually found in bone. When the disease is more widespread, radiation therapy is an effective adjunct to systemic chemotherapy, particularly in control of local symptoms. Doses in the range of 600-1000 rads are effective in producing local control in most instances. PMID- 7030102 TI - Selling alcohol research. PMID- 7030101 TI - Immune thrombocytopenia in children. AB - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in the adult has a clearly established autoimmune etiology; IgG antiplatelet antibody is demonstrable on the patient's platelets and is frequently present in the serum. Platelet IgG is correlated inversely with the platelet count. In the acute childhood form of the disease, serum antibody is usually absent but increased IgG is present on the platelets, thus suggesting the immune nature of the childhood disease. The spleen acts as a significant source of antiplatelet antibody as well as the major reticulo endothelial site for destruction of antibody-coated platelets. The majority of children with idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenia recover completely and have normal platelet counts within 6 months of diagnosis. Some patients recover after a longer period of time. Ten to 15 percent have a chronic form of the disease which is indistinguishable from the adult disease; splenectomy benefits approximately 70% of these patients. PMID- 7030103 TI - Evaluation of alcoholism treatment. Introduction to the symposium. PMID- 7030104 TI - An epidemiologist views the evaluation of alcoholism treatment. PMID- 7030105 TI - A data-based examination of selection-bias in the evaluation of a job-based alcoholism program. AB - We describe the strategy of constructive confrontation present in most job-based alcoholism programs, and conclude that it is compatible with the major concepts and practices of discipline in the workplace. We review past evaluation studies of these programs, noting the rather remarkable positive outcomes often reported. We then review reasons for both accepting and rejecting these unusual findings. One of the major biases that could produce the favorable findings-selectivity bias-is then examined, using both field data and record data from a large national corporation. Samples from records in the review period 1964 through 1977 generated 377 case histories. The study also used field interviews in the same corporation in a national sample of 19 locations. We interviewed supervisors who had experienced an employee in the alcoholism program (A sample = 154) and a sample of all other supervisors (B sample = 351) who described a nonalcoholic problem employee and how he/she had been managed. The remainder of the report focuses upon two possible sources of selection bias: suspected but not referred cases in the field data, and incomplete, "lost," cases in the record data. In both instances, the selectivity seemed to be quite minimal, insufficient to damage the conclusion that the program intervention had produced significant positive changes in job performance. PMID- 7030106 TI - Outcome of alcoholism treatment among 5578 patients in an urban comprehensive hospital-based program: application of a computerized data system. AB - The Elmhurst Alcoholism Program data system relates fraction of time patients are in remission to length of time they are know, and permits a systematic search for groups of variables which predict greater abstinence rates. Our program (inpatient detoxification ward, multidisciplinary outpatient clinic, and halfway house) sets abstinence as a goal. After initial data collection (social and demographic variables, income, education, residence, drinking and drug history, legal problems, and prior treatment), we collect data at 30 days after admission and at 2- or 3-month intervals thereafter from all patients who remain in contact. Forty-five percent of all patients are lost before 30 days. Only 32% of those still under observation at 1 yr and 27% of those still under observation at 2 yr claim continual abstinence. From among many combinations of variables examined for predictive power, a group of five was chosen as best. Patients who at their first follow-up interview reported attending AA meetings and taking Antabuse and who in addition had a job at admission, were older, and were admitted through the clinic rather than through inpatient detoxification had a greater fraction of time abstinent. Nevertheless, the best cluster of predictor variables did not account for more than 25% of the variation in rates of abstinence. Many social variables are not independent, and some may merely be indicators of duration or severity of alcoholism. Contemporary alcoholism treatment is, at best, of limited effectiveness. PMID- 7030107 TI - Long-term follow-up of three siblings with fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7030108 TI - The disulfiram (Antabuse)-Alcohol reaction in male alcoholics: its efficient management by 4-methylpyrazole. AB - 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP), an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, rapidly abolished the accumulation of acetaldehyde following alcohol ingestion both in volunteers pretreated with the Antabuse analog calcium carbimide and in an antabuse-treated alcoholic. 4-MP also attenuated other typical symptoms, including facial flushing and tachycardia, thus suggesting its usefulness in the acute treatment of severe disulfiram-alcohol reactions. PMID- 7030109 TI - Association of cerebral infarction and chronic alcoholism: an autopsy study. AB - Central nervous system (CNS) infarcts were present at autopsy in 10 of 23 alcoholic patients and in 9 of 36 nonalcoholic patients. There were more males than expected in the infarct population and in the alcoholic population. Male subjects comprised the entire population of alcoholics with infarcts. In addition, a history of alcohol abuse was present in every case of cerebral infarction dying before age 75. The incidence of cardiomegaly was increased among the alcoholics. There were no differences between alcoholics and nonalcoholics in the incidence of diagnosed hypertension, moderate-to-severe coronary atherosclerosis, or adult onset diabetes. However, CNS infarction was more likely to occur at an earlier age in alcoholics than in nonalcoholics. Excessive alcohol consumption may be a risk factor in the premature development of cerebrovascular disease in males. PMID- 7030110 TI - Ethanol-induced changes in cardiac lipid metabolism. AB - The influence of ethanol on cardiac lipid metabolism has been investigated in the rat. Acute in vitro ethanol significantly stimulated the incorporation of 14C-1 acetate but not 14C-U-glucose into cardiac lipid in rats fed a diet free of ethanol for 3 weeks. Stimulation of incorporation was not uniform but was confined to the diglyceride and triglyceride fractions. This response of cardiac tissue lipid metabolism to acute ethanol was not observed in rats pair fed an isocaloric diet containing 36% of calories as ethanol. Chronic ethanol feeding significantly increased cardiac triglyceride content when compared with pair-fed controls. It also stimulated oxidation of labeled palmitate, but did not affect in vitro lipogenesis. PMID- 7030111 TI - Evidence of a reduced sialic acid content in serum transferrin in male alcoholics. AB - A qualitative change of the microheterogeneity of serum transferrin, demonstrated by isoelectric focusing, has previously been found to occur frequently and with high specificity in alcoholic patients during current abuse, and has been proposed as a new marker of alcoholism. Certain indirect evidence has supported the assumption that the basis for the altered transferrin heterogeneity would be a reduced sialic acid content. In this investigation serum transferrin from healthy controls and alcoholic patients was purified by affinity chromatography on antitransferrin Sepharose 4B. The sialic acid content in transferrin was thereafter determined directly. Transferrin from alcoholic patients showed a 22% lower sialic acid concentration than control transferrin, which was highly significant. These data together with results from experiments with neuraminidase and galactose-binding lectin provide evidence that in alcoholism at least two sialic acid residues are missing in a significant fraction of serum transferrin. This observation may indicate that sialic acid residues are missing in a significant fraction of serum transferrin. This observation may indicate that sialic acid metabolism is one important target of the biological action of ethanol. PMID- 7030112 TI - Ether inhibition of ethanol metabolism in isolated rat liver parenchymal cells. AB - The effect of diethyl ether on ethanol metabolism was studied in isolated rat hepatocytes and ether was found to inhibit ethanol oxidation in a dose-dependent manner. At ethanol concentrations of approximately 30 mM, diethyl ether inhibited ethanol oxidation by approximately 58%, 40%, and 20% at ether concentrations of 30, 20, and 10 mM, respectively. This inhibition was also seen at a low ethanol concentration (5.4 mM) and in pyruvate (5 mM)-stimulated hepatocytes which exhibited increased rates of ethanol metabolism closer to in vivo rates. Accumulation of acetaldehyde from ethanol in cyanamide (400 micron M)-treated hepatocyte suspensions was also reduced by approximately 16% by 30 mM ether. It was concluded that inhibition of ethanol metabolism by diethyl ether might be of practical importance in studies of ethanol metabolism in ether anesthetized animals. PMID- 7030113 TI - Utilization of medical services by alcoholics participating in a health maintenance organization outpatient treatment program: three-year follow-up. AB - IN a cumulative 3-yr follow-up study of utilization of medical services by alcoholics participating in a health insurance maintenance organization (HMO) outpatient alcoholism treatment program, expenditures of 59 alcoholics were compared with those of 78 alcoholics who chose not to participate. Results show significant differences in dollar cost per patient per year between groups in inpatient expenditures (p = 0.03). When alcoholism clinic costs were excluded from combined inpatient and outpatient expenditures, significance was maintained over the 3 yr (p = 0.02). In combined inpatient and outpatient expenditures including alcoholism treatment costs, the dollar differential between groups was substantial but not statistically significant. PMID- 7030114 TI - Altered development of brain by neonatal ethanol exposure: zinc levels during and after exposure. AB - Neonatal rats, exposed to ethanol by use of an artificial rearing technique during the first postnatal week, have been shown to have a 20% reduction in brain weight compared to littermate controls. The mechanisms responsible for this deficit remain to be determined. One hypothesis, which has been suggested that could be responsible for the microcephaly observed in the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is that human alcoholics have decreased serum zinc levels. It is well documented that zinc deficiency in rats results in microcephaly. Thus, ethanol administered in the diet could result in lowered zinc levels in serum and brain, and hence be the underlying factor for the brain growth deficiency reported. In these studies, serum and brain zinc levels were determined for animals exposed to ethanol using the artificial rearing procedure, and for their littermate controls, artificially reared on the same formula without ethanol. No differences at any time were found in either serum or brain zinc levels. This would suggest that zinc availability could not account for the effects found on brain growth. PMID- 7030115 TI - The effect of chronic poisoning with carbon tetrachloride on voluntary consumption of ethanol by mice. AB - Mice were chronically poisoned with carbon tetrachloride injected twice weekly, intraperitoneally, in doses of 0.05-0.80 mg/g over 10 to 16 weeks. The poisoned animals, as compared to vehicle-injected controls, showed marginally significant increases in voluntary consumption of ethanol in a three-bottle choice (water, 10% and 20% ethanol continuously available), but not to a degree than could be considered alcoholic. The average daily intakes of ethanol remained within the range of variation for normal animals of this strain; there was no consistent shift in preference from 10% to 20% ethanol, and the distribution of drinking times within the 24-hour cycle remained normal. The relevance of these findings to the clinical problem of alcoholism is that the appetite for alcohol, a potential hepatotoxin, persists despite serious damage to the liver. PMID- 7030116 TI - [The influence of cardiac output on arterial oxygenation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030117 TI - [Toxic labyrinopathies]. PMID- 7030118 TI - [Dr. Cesar Bertran Carrascal (1907-1981)]. PMID- 7030119 TI - Control of ventilation by continuous infusion of pancuronium bromide. AB - Certain groups of patients who require prolonged intermittent positive pressure ventilation in the Intensive Therapy Unit are difficult to manage with conventional sedative and narcotic drugs, and require muscle paralysis. In such cases, the authors have preferred a continuous infusion of a long-acting muscle relaxant using a syringe pump rather than intermittent injections. The technique and apparatus employed in the Intensive Therapy Unit at Northampton General Hospital are described. PMID- 7030120 TI - Dose-response relationship for disoprofol (ICI 35868; Diprivan). Comparison with methohexitone. AB - The duration of sleep following intravenous administration of three doses of disoprofol (1.2 and 3 mg/kg) was compared with that following methohexione 1 or 2 mg/kg. Disoprofol and methohexitone were shown to be approximately equipotent. Side-effects were dose-related for both drugs, but the incidence was significantly less following disoprofol than methohexitone 2 mg/kg. The most frequent side-effects were pain on injection, myoclonia and hiccup. Studies of blood concentrations of disoprofol show that the profile is dose-independent and conforms to a two-compartment model with a very short distribution phase (about 2 minutes) and short elimination phase (about 70 minutes). Waking blood levels gave no indication of acute tolerance. Disoprofol would appear to be particularly useful for induction of a short period of sleep using a small dose given quickly, or for maintenance of sleep by continuous infusion. PMID- 7030121 TI - The prevention of pain on injection. A study of the effect of intravenous lignocaine before methohexitone. AB - The effect of pre-injection of lignocaine 10 mg or physiological saline was assessed in a double blind trial on 100 unpremedicated day cases having a methohexitone induction. The incidence of pain was reduced from 64% to 22% using lignocaine. PMID- 7030122 TI - Fluorescence quenching studies with proteins. PMID- 7030123 TI - A method for the measurement of sulfur-34 abundance in bound cysteine and methionine. PMID- 7030124 TI - Enzyme purification using antibody crosslinked to protein A agarose: application to Escherichia coli NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7030125 TI - High-yield purification of small, single-stranded DNA. PMID- 7030126 TI - A rapid and sensitive assay for N-acetylglucosamine- 6-phosphate deacetylase. PMID- 7030127 TI - A highly sensitive fluorometric assay of bradykinin and its fragments released by a kininase. PMID- 7030128 TI - Synthesis of [ribose (NMN)-14C]nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide from D [14C]glucose. PMID- 7030129 TI - A radiometric microassay for cellulase activity. PMID- 7030130 TI - A sensitive, specific radioisotope assay for L-glutamine-D-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase. PMID- 7030131 TI - Quantitative analysis of two dinor urinary metabolites of prostaglandin I2. PMID- 7030132 TI - Measurement of human placental 5'-AMP deaminase activity by radiometric assay. PMID- 7030133 TI - A simple and sensitive method for assay of a ribonuclease reductase system. PMID- 7030134 TI - Purification of rat liver lysosomal alpha-glucosidase. PMID- 7030135 TI - [The nomenclatures of anatomists. A historical review (author's transl)]. AB - In this study the history of anatomical nomenclatures is described, the Basle Nomina Anatomica (BNA), Jena Nomina Anatomica (JNA), Paris Nomina Anatomica (PNA), the Nomina Histologica and Nomina Embryologica. The Anatomische Gesellschaft inaugurated the BNA and the JNA in cooperation with foreign anatomists. The Nomina Anatomica, Nomina Histologica and Nomina Embryologica are international nomenclatures, elaborated by I.A.N.C. and subcommittees. Problems of these nomenclatures are discussed. PMID- 7030136 TI - Abnormal development of the central nervous system. AB - Abnormal development of the neural tube occurs with a high frequency and produces a wide range of malformations of the brain and spinal cord. Most dysraphic conditions are severe and, with the exception of meningomyelocele, lead to early death. This review deals with the more common clinically important neural malformations from the standpoint of epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis based on both clinical and experimental observations. PMID- 7030137 TI - [Karl von Bardeleben -- the founder of the "Anatomischer Anzeiger" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030138 TI - [The brain anatomy reflected in the first 50 volumes of the Anatomischer Anzeiger (author's transl)]. AB - On the occasion of the edition of the 150th volume of the Anatomischer Anzeiger a survey is given on some important papers in neuroanatomy and especially brain research, published in the first 50 volumes of this journal. Such excellent workers in neuroscience as Albert Koelliker, Wilhelm His, Camillo Golgi, Carl Weigert, Aleksander Dogiel,Santiago Ramon y Cajal, Ludwig Edinger, Ferdinand Hochstetter, Fridtjof Nansen, Adolf Wallenberg, Theodor Ziehen, Stephan von Apathy, Michael von Lenhossek, Gheorghe Marinesco, Korbinian Brodmann, Max Bielschowsky, Oskar Vogt, Grafton Elliot Smith, Giuseppe Levi, Cornelius Ariens Kappers and many others are contributors to the Anatomischer Anzeiger during the first 32 years of its existence (1886-1918). In particular the long-lasting struggle for a general acceptance of the "neurone doctrine" (Neurohenlehre) is reflected by the Anatomischer Anzeiger before and after the turn of century. PMID- 7030139 TI - [In memoriam Philipp Stohr jr]. PMID- 7030140 TI - [Histological investigations on the thyroid gland of sand rats (Psammomys obesus) during the development of diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030141 TI - Uptake of radioiodine in follicles of dog C-cell complexes studied by autoradiograph and immunoperoxidase staining. AB - C-cell complexes are special cell groups consisting of a mass of C-cells associated with other epithelial elements and cysts. They are remnants of ultimobranchial bodies retaining fetal characteristics. In the C-cell complexes there are follicular cells in various stages of differentiation, i.e., the cell clusters not yet organized into follicles, primordial follicles with small lumens and comparatively enlarged follicles storing plentiful amounts of colloid. They have a morphology similar to follicular cells of fetal thyroid glands and react to antiserum to 19S thyroglobulin. In order to determine whether or not the follicles in these complexes have the ability to incorporate radioiodine, autoradiography after a single injection of 125I was combined with immunoperoxidase staining using specific anti-calcitonin, anti-C-thyroglobulin, and anti-19S thyroglobulin antisera. The 19S-positive cells not yet organized into follicles did not take up radioiodine. Primordial follicles showed a heavy accumulation of silver grains over their follicular lumens storing new 19S thyroglobulin as colloid. Comparatively enlarged follicles revealed a strong autoradiographic reaction and their labeling patterns were identical with those of typical thyroid follicles. These results confirm that the follicles in C-cell complexes, as well as thyroid follicles, can incorporate radioiodine and are related to thyroid hormone synthesis. That is, functional thyroid follicles can arise from the ultimobranchial bodies. PMID- 7030142 TI - Embryonic development of the rat pineal gland. AB - The embryonic development of the albino rat pineal gland has been studied from day 13 of development until birth. The first pineal anlage appears as a midline evagination of the diencephalic roof, which soon adopts a tubular morphology. At 17 days, the disappearance of the pineal recess begins, along with the transformation of the gland into a solid organ. The latter is mainly achieved by an infolding and thickening of the dorsal recess wall, from which derives most of the future pineal parenchyma. Blood vessels are mainly derived from the vessels found in the dorsal surface of the pineal gland. PMID- 7030143 TI - An interferometric analysis of nucleoli in cultured mesothelial cells. AB - Previous studies have indicated that total nucleolar area and volume remain constant regardless of the number of nucleoli. The question remains whether this relationship is valid for mass. To answer this, total nucleolar mass values were obtained from nuclei of living mesothelial cells in culture possessing one to four nucleoli. The nucleolar mass was calculated using interferometry. The mean total nucleolar dry mass for cells with one, two, three, and four nucleoli was 40 x 10(-12)gm, 38.4 x 10(-12)gm, 39.1 x 10(-12)gm, and 41.4 x 10(-12)gm, respectively. These data suggest that on the average, each cell had approximately the same total nucleolar dry mass regardless of the number of nucleoli. In an additional study, interferometry was employed to reveal changes in nucleolar mass and concentration during a seven-hour period. It was concluded that the nucleolus is a dynamic organelle, with its total mass varying in time from an average 40 x 10(-12)gm with a mean concentration of 22.2gm/100cm3. PMID- 7030144 TI - R. C. Truex memorial. PMID- 7030145 TI - A method of study of the pathology of the conduction system for electrocardiographic and His bundle electrogram correlations. AB - There have been advances in electrophysiology which have necessitated a more thorough semi-quantitative analysis of the entire conduction system to yield data useful for correlation purposes. Thus an attempt is made to modify and expand our previous method of studying in conduction system pathologically. This method thus includes the study of the sinoatrial (SA) node and its approaches, the atrial preferential pathways, the approaches to the atrioventricular (AV) node, the AV node, the penetrating and branching portions of the AV bundle, the bundle branches, the peripheral Purkinje nets, and the remainder of the atrial and ventricular myocardium. The SA node and its approaches are studied in a longitudinal manner. This gives a better insight into the pathologic changes than does a study in the transverse direction. The approaches to the AV node, bundle and bundle branches are studied in an oblique manner, rather than horizontally apicalward, or from the posterior to the anterior septal region. The horizontal manner does not give sufficient sampling of the AV node and bundle unless complete serial sections are made. Sectioning from the posterior to the anterior septal wall makes difficult an evaluation of the right bundle branch. In conduction system correlation with Wolff-Parkinson-White and Lown-Ganong-Levine syndromes complete serial sectioning of both AV rims is advisable. Where complete serial sectioning is impossible in large adult hearts, retaining every fifth section may be permissible. In the study of congenitally abnormal hearts, it is advisable to embed the entire heart as a unit. If that is impossible because of the size of the heart, then very careful judicious planning of the fashioning of the blocks is necessary, so that displaced SA nodes, and anterior AV nodes and bundles are not overlooked. PMID- 7030146 TI - A restudy of cardiac conduction pathways by techniques for visualization of cholinesterase reaction. AB - Histochemical reactions which demonstrate cholinesterase reactions in tissues were used for slides of serial frozen sections of hearts of pigs, dogs, and rats to determine whether there are special types of modified muscle cells in continuous pathways from the SA (sinoatrial) to the AV (atrioventricular) node. There were positive reactions for acetylcholinesterase with less reaction for butyryl cholinesterase in ganglion cells and nerve fibers. No continuous pathways of cholinesterase-reacting cardiac muscle fibers from the SA to the AV node were identified although the muscle fibers were in intimate relation with the nerve fibers. No cells of Purkinje type were demonstrated in the atria. PMID- 7030147 TI - The origin of the hippocampal commissure in the rat. AB - The present study was designated to determine the origin of commissural axons in the hippocampus. One hippocampus of 94 rats was pressure injected with 40% horseradish peroxidase (Sigma VI), or with 2-4% wheat germ agglutinin HRP (E-Y Labs). Injections (0.001 to 0.1 microliter) were made through glass micropipettes with fitted plungers. Pipettes were positioned stereotaxically, and by electrophysiological monitoring through the injection syringe. An ipsilateral stimulating electrode activated CA3 and CA1 cells via Schaffer collaterals. Population potentials were monitored as the recording pipette was advanced from the cortical surface into the hippocampus. Wave forms of monosynaptically elicited field potentials provided an accurate indicator of its position. Following survival periods of 24 hours, the brains were processed according to the Mesulam method. Forty-micron sections were serially mounted and counterstained. Injection sites and filled cells were plotted manually on a standard set of coronal sections. Our results indicate that field CA1 receives input from contralateral subfields CA1a and c, as well as from all CA3 subfields. In addition, rostral CA1 injections resulted in labeling of cells in the contralateral subiculum and entorhinal cortex. Homotopic connections exist between subfields CA3a and b; it appears that a major input to CA3c is from the contralateral polymorph cells of the dentate hilus. Commissural input to the dentate granule cells appears to be the giant polymorph and CA3c cells of the contralateral dentate hilus. With respect to the question of homotopicity, our results suggest that commissural connections are predominantly homotopic in the mediolateral plane, although CA1 and CA3 injections also resulted in contralateral labeling of hippocampal cells caudal to the levels of injection. PMID- 7030148 TI - A case of the left innominate vein passing behind the ascending aorta. AB - The authors observed the postaortic left innominate vein, which passed behind the ascending aorta, in the body of a 69-year-old Japanese male during dissection in 1979. In this case, no rudiment of the ordinary left innominate vein could be found in front of the arteries arising from the arch of the aorta. There are few reports of this anomaly and an extensive search of the available literature revealed only ten cases, including three in Japan. Adachi classified the postaortic left innominate vein into two types, types I and II, on the basis of the positional relation between the left innominate vein and the ligamentum arteriosum. Our case was of type I, in which the left innominate vein passed ventral to the ligamentum arteriosum and ran across from left to right behind the ascending aorta to join the right innominate vein. The embryological explanation which generally is accepted for the postaortic left innominate vein lies in the transposition of a transverse connection, which becomes the left innominate vein in a later stage of development, between the left and right anterior cardinal veins from the ventral to dorsal sides of the rudiment of the ascending aorta. PMID- 7030149 TI - [Blockade of renin secretion by epidural anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - In order to determine the rule of neurologic stimuli on the renin-angiotensin system, during surgery, plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured in two groups of patients submitted to either general (group I, N = 7) or epidural (group II, N = 5) anaesthesia during total hip replacement. Salt intakes were normal for all patients before the operation and the perfusion rate, of isotonic saline solution was 5 ml/minute during the surgical procedure. A significant rise in PRA was observed after the skin incision in the first group of patients under general anaesthesia. Epidural anaesthesia suppressed the renin response to surgery. The blockade of conduction along nervous pathways afferent from the surgical area and along renal sympathetic pathways explains the effect of epidural anaesthesia. The lack of increase in PRA despite a significant fall in blood pressure after epidural anaesthesia, also suggests an inhibition of the catecholamines secretion. PMID- 7030150 TI - Halothane reversibly inhibits human neutrophil bacterial killing. AB - The effect of halothane, at clinically relevant concentrations on the ability of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) to kill the most frequently isolated gram-negative organisms responsible for human bacteremias, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, was studied. Exposure of PMNL to 0.75 per cent halothane is air significantly inhibited the killing of E. coli (from 81 per cent to 65 per cent) but not K. pneumoniae. At 1.0 per cent halothane there was no killing of E. coli and the killing of K. Pneumoniae was reduced from 98 per cent to 82 per cent. With 1.5 per cent halothane, the killing of K. pneumoniae by PMNL was further reduced to 65 per cent. This inhibition of bacterial killing could be reversed after exposure of halothane-treated PMNL to air. The mechanism of inhibition may be due in part to a deleterious effect of halothane on the oxidative microbicidal activity of human PMNL. Although halothane reversibly inhibits the ability of PMNL to kill bacteremic culture isolates, the degree of susceptibility of bacteria to halothane-treated PMNL may vary. PMID- 7030151 TI - A salute to John P. McGovern, M.D., F.A.C.A. PMID- 7030152 TI - Current concepts in the natural history of allergic disease in children. PMID- 7030153 TI - Clinical effects of albuterol aerosol in the treatment of asthma. PMID- 7030154 TI - Tolerance to beta-adrenergics and results of rising dose studies of albuterol, isoproterenol and placebo. PMID- 7030155 TI - Cardiovascular toxicity: clinical evaluation of albuterol, isoproterenol and placebo in rising dose tolerance trial. PMID- 7030156 TI - [Effect of rheumatoid factors on results for determination of antitoxoplasms IgM antibodies by immunofluorescence and agglutination technics (author's transl)]. AB - Simultaneous presence of antitoxoplasm IgG antibodies and of rheumatoid factors gives rise to an IgM-type immunofluorescence reaction in 44 p. cent of cases. Three experiments showed that association of the two antibodies can give rise to false positives in the Remington test ; the mixture of the two antibodies renders the reaction positive in the majority of cases. On the other hand, after absorption of negative rheumatoid factors and separation of serum IgM and IgG, IgM fluorescence is no longer seen ; if they are again mixed, then a positive reaction will result. Interference of antitoxoplasm IgG antibodies and rheumatoid factors does not occur in direct toxoplasm agglutination tests. The presence of the rheumatoid factor is rare in the pregnant female. Nevertheless, it is necessary to test for rheumatoid factors using the latex test. If results are here positive, then serum should be absorbed on aggregated human IgG and the Remington test repeated. The probably rare simultaneous presence of antitoxoplasm IgG antibodies and of rheumatoid factors cannot be differentiated from these false positives without fractionation of the serum, separating IgM and IgG. PMID- 7030157 TI - Treatment of acute otohematoma with compression sutures. PMID- 7030158 TI - Blind nurse celebrates Year of Disabled by climbing mountain (Judith Oehler). PMID- 7030159 TI - Augmented neutrophil adherence in active and remote tuberculosis. PMID- 7030160 TI - Manifestations of Barotrauma in acute respiratory failure. PMID- 7030161 TI - Intestinal anastomosis with one-layer absorbable suture. PMID- 7030162 TI - Improved survival of pancreas transplants. PMID- 7030163 TI - Noninvasive assessment of the transplanted kidney: ultrasound vs. computerized tomography. AB - In our experience both ultrasound and CT are highly diagnostic in the identification of the posttransplant fluid collections and hydronephrosis. As is the case elsewhere in the abdomen, the two examinations appear to be complementary. Ultrasound should be the initial diagnostic modality due to the advantages mentioned before; CT is helpful in resolving questionable abnormalities noted on ultrasound or in difficult clinical situations. Combination of the two examinations in selected cases improves sensitivity and specificity in the detection of postoperative complications. PMID- 7030164 TI - Techniques for controlling hemorrhage after injury of the lower inferior vena cava and iliac veins. PMID- 7030165 TI - Drug therapy in the elderly. AB - Age-related biologic and physiologic changes in the elderly may lead to altered pharmacokinetics. Volume of distribution, half-life, systemic clearance, and receptor sensitivity have been shown to change with increasing age. Unique features of illness in the elderly may interfere with effective drug therapy more than changed pharmacokinetics in some patients. Physical, psychologic, and socioeconomic considerations often interfere with ability to obtain and comply with health care. Disease is often difficult to recognize in elderly patients. Multiple chronic conditions, many of which may be undetected, may be exacerbated by or alter drug therapy for other illnesses. Cognitive impairment and diminished vision and hearing may make patient education difficult, and compliance poor. The elderly are also more susceptible to adverse drug reactions. The recommendations for clinical practice and directions for future research that are presented should help make drug therapy in the elderly safer and more effective. PMID- 7030166 TI - The periodic health examination: genesis of a myth. AB - Although the periodic health examination was introduced over 80 years ago, it remains a controversy in internal medicine. There have been few data from controlled studies to document the examination's efficacy for adults; nevertheless, its popularity is increasing and health screening has become a multimillion-dollar industry in the United States. Conclusions drawn from poorly designed studies 65 years ago led to the acceptance of periodic examination as a means of detecting disease and reducing mortality. First, physicians associated with life insurance companies and, later, private practitioners began offering these examinations. By promoting the periodic health examination, the medical profession created interest among the general population. The impact of health screening is still unknown today, and well-designed studies are needed to resolve the controversy. PMID- 7030167 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis in acute leukemia. PMID- 7030168 TI - Serum phenytoin concentrations in uremia. PMID- 7030169 TI - Insulins for insulin resistance. PMID- 7030170 TI - [Ambulatory ECG recording Technics, methods and indications]. PMID- 7030171 TI - Isolation and metabolism of glycogen and poly-betahydroxybutyrate in Nocardia asteroides at different developmental stages. AB - Sudanophilic and iodine-staining cytoplasmic granules were isolated at various developmental stages during growth of Nocardia asteroides (strain 55) and identified as poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and glycogen granules, respectively. During growth in nutrient broth containing 1% glucose, maximal accumulation of PHB and glycogen granules, up to 10 and 20% respectively, of its dry-weight was obtained in the filamentous cells at 16 h just prior to the onset of cell fragmentation during the stationary phase. The decrease of the cytoplasmic granules was concomitant with fragmentation of the cells to rod-like and spherical cells, suggesting that the polymers may serve as carbon and energy source during morphogenesis. Both granules were detected in the three cell-forms. At higher concentrations of glucose (4%) more glycogen granules (9 times) accumulated than PHB (4 times) and glycogen hydrolysis was also faster than that of PHB, suggesting preferences of glycogen over PHB as energy and carbon source under this growth condition. Growth and biosynthesis of granules were significantly reduced by very high glucose concentration (10%) and the usual pleomorphic developmental stages were reduced to a dimorphic life cycle. Thus, biosynthesis of both granules and morphogenesis are under catabolite repression. Both polymers were also found in N. brasiliensis and N. otitidis-caviarum, indicating that cytoplasmic accumulation of multiple granules is common in the genus. PMID- 7030172 TI - [Studies on the lipids of "Mycobacterium gordonae" in comparison with those of "M. leprae" and of some other scotochromogenic mycobacteria (author's transl)]. AB - The mycolic acids were isolated from Mycobacterium gordonae (strain ATCC 14470), and purified by thin layer chromatography. Three species were studied by mass spectrometry. The analogy between M. gordonae and M. leprae, based on the lack of tuberculostearic acid, was supported by the comparison of the structures of their mycolic acids. Succinct analyses of the lipids of three other scotochromogenic strains of mycobacteria, using thin layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography, were performed. These strains were more remote from M. gordonae than is M. leprae, as far as the lipid content is concerned. PMID- 7030173 TI - ["In vitro" study of attachment to human enterocytes in "Escherichia coli" strains isolated from infants with diarrheal disease (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred and four Escherichia coli strains isolated in the Hospital Centre of Clermont-Ferrand (France) from faeces of 26 infants with diarrheal diseases and of 29 infants with non-diarrheal diseases were tested for their ability to adhere to intestinal villi of the human small intestine. The haemagglutination (HA) type (with human, bovine, chicken and guinea-pig erythrocytes) and the agglutination of adhering strains by anti-colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) serum and by anti-CFA/II serum were determined. Seventeen strains adhered to the brush border of the human small intestine. All these strains were isolated from infants with diarrhea; among these strains, only two possessed one CFA: one of them exhibited HA type I and was agglutinated by the anti-CFA/I serum; the second exhibited HA type II and was agglutinated by the anti-CFA/II serum. Six strains exhibiting HA type III and nine exhibiting other HA types were not agglutinated by anti-CFA/I or CFA/II sera. There were no relationship between the adherence and the serotypes or the antibiotic resistance of these strains. PMID- 7030174 TI - Identification of Bacteroides gingivalis by fluorescent antibody staining. AB - Reactivity with the conjugates to the 4 serogroups A, B, C and C-1 of the former taxon Bacteroides melaninogenicus and with antisera to B. gingivalis and to oral strains of B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius, was studied by fluorescent antibody staining (FAS) on strains representative of the black-pigmented Bacteroides: B. asaccharolyticus, B. melaningogenicus subsp. intermedius, B. melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus, B. melaninogenicus subsp. levii, B. melaninogenicus subsp. macacae and B. gingivalis. The strains of B. gingivalis only reacted with the homologous antiserum and failed to react with any of the other immunoreagents tested indicating that the oral strains of asaccharolytic black- pigmented Bacteroides belong to a serogroup distinct from those currently serogrouped. This serological characteristic corroborates the definition of the new species B. gingivalis which has been proposed on the basis of phenotypic and genetic characteristics different from that of B. asaccharolyticus and can be used for their discrimination. FAS appears to be a reliable method for identification of B. gingivalis, a suspected major periodontopathic organism. PMID- 7030175 TI - [Effect of age on permissive barrier effect against a strain of enterobacteria exerted by a complex bacterial flora in the digestive tract of mice reared in isolator (author's transl)]. AB - A permissive barrier effect against Escherichia coli was observed in the faeces of a first group of mice associated with a complex microbial flora. This effect was transmitted to 6 other groups of mice by inoculation of a fecal suspension originated from a mouse of group I. Although mice were kept in isolator in constant biotic and abiotic environmental conditions, the expression of the barrier effect was very variable during several days after inoculation, then became stabilized in every group, but more slowly in group I than in the others. The expression of this barrier effect was compared in male and female mice aged five weeks or 6 months. The barrier effect was significantly more efficient in older than in young mice whatever the sex. PMID- 7030176 TI - Role of chemotherapy in the multidisciplinary approach to advanced head and neck cancer: potentials and problems. AB - Chemotherapy as initial treatment for advanced squamous carcinoma has received much recent attention. Despite sparse experimental data supporting its usefulness, such chemotherapy is now used for a variety of advanced malignancies. This experience is conceptually reviewed, with special emphasis on squamous carcinoma of the head and neck. Factors which influence treatment results, such as drug dosage, radiation treatment planning, and surgical resection, will require careful analysis in the evolution of the multidisciplinary approach to advanced head and neck cancer. PMID- 7030177 TI - [REM syndrome. Reticular erythema with mucinosis]. PMID- 7030178 TI - [Generalized pruritus and bullous pemphigoid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030179 TI - [Pemphigus and thymoma: review and etiopathogenesis (author's transl)]. AB - The association of pemphigus and thymoma has been investigated in a recent personally observed case and data from nineteen further cases published in the literature have been reviewed. From these twenty cases several prominent features emerge. Clinically, pemphigus of Senear-Usher type (pemphigus erythematosus) is most commonly found (11/20 cases). There is a male preponderance (at least 13/20 cases) although associated myasthenia gravis which occurred in thirteen cases was more common in females. Thymoma probably preceded pemphigus in all cases, although this was certain in only nine. Evidence of autoimmunity was marked; in addition to antibodies to intercellular substance, anti-striated muscle antibodies were frequent and antinuclear factor was positive in ten out of twelve cases. The prognosis was usually good although thymectomy was generally ineffective or occasionally seemed to have an adverse effect. PMID- 7030180 TI - [Disseminated cutaneous herpes of the adult and Sezary syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030181 TI - [Lymphogranuloma venereum affecting simultaneously cervical and inguinal lymph nodes (author's transl)]. AB - Nicolas-Favre's disease, also called lymphogranuloma venereum, a venereally transmitted disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, is usually presenting as an inguinal lymphadenopathy or an anorectal syndrome. Cervical lymph node involvement is uncommon, and in a review of the literature the authors found about fifteen such cases. The mode of transmission frequently consists of oral sexual contact. In this report, the authors describe a case of simultaneous cervical and inguinal lymph node involvement. The inguinal localization secondarily appeared, and allowed to suspect diagnosis. PMID- 7030182 TI - [A comparative study of three antehypophyseal combined provocative tests, using insulin + TRH + LH.RH, insulin + arginine + TRH + LH.RH, or glucagon + propranolol + TRH + LH.RH (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030183 TI - [Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and temperate areas childhood diarrheas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030184 TI - [Hybridoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030185 TI - [Angiographic aspects and possibilities of therapeutic angiography in the digestive localizations of Rendu-Osler disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030186 TI - [Bone thesaurosis due to polyvinyl pyrrolidone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030187 TI - A review of fluoroimmunoassay and immunofluorometric assay. PMID- 7030188 TI - An improved fully automated continuous-flow system for immunoassays. AB - A modification to the Southmead continuous-flow automated immunoassay system enables the bound ligand fraction to be quantitated. The bound fraction is sequentially collected, washed, and then eluted from the separating device as a bolus. The misclassification error at separation is of the order of 0.6%, and sample-to-sample interaction is negligible. The application of the modified system to the radioimmunoassay for thyroxine at a rate of 60 samples per hour is described, and satisfactory assay characteristics and performance are documented. The application of the Southmead system to the enzyme immunoassay of thyroxine and to assays for other ligands is discussed. PMID- 7030189 TI - EMIT thyroxine assays on an LKB 2086 reaction rate analyser. PMID- 7030190 TI - [Reconstruction of the teguments of the heel with free and island flaps]. PMID- 7030191 TI - [Angiomas of the face. Surgical possibilities]. PMID- 7030192 TI - [Current status and prospects of human skin cultures]. PMID- 7030193 TI - The effect of dietary protein concentration and quality on the hormonal status, protein metabolism and milk protein concentrations of rats. AB - Lactating rats were fed casein or cereal protein at one of two concentrations. Milk volume was severely reduced by poor dietary protein quality. Milk fat, lactose and free amino acid nitrogen were unaffected by the diets, whereas total milk protein was reduced by 20% on the cereal diets. Lactalbumin concentrations showed a greater decrease than that of other milk proteins. Changes in maternal serum insulin, corticosterone, albumin and body weight suggest maternal metabolism changes to provide substrate for milk synthesis. Total milk protein and serum albumin synthesis show similar sensitivity to dietary protein adequacy. PMID- 7030194 TI - Evidence of H-Y antigen on human B lymphocytes. AB - H-Y antigen was studied in human peripheral blood lymphocytes from male and female subjects by indirect immunofluorescence. In males, 20% of lymphocytes were found to be H-Y+, compared with 9% in females. B- and T-cell-enrichment analysis showed a close correlation between the male B-lymphocyte count and the H-Y+-cell count. The method described is particularly applicable to the measurement of H-Y antigen in cases of ambiguous sex differentiation since it offers direct demonstration of H-Y antigen in the cells of the individual under examination. PMID- 7030195 TI - Detection and measurement of rheumatoid factor using a new immunoenzyme technique with peroxidase/anti-peroxidase complex. AB - A new, solid-phase enzymatic technique is proposed for the detection and measurement of rheumatoid factors (RF). A complex (PAP) consisting of peroxidase and rabbit IgG anti-peroxidase antibodies was used as antigen. The sensitivity of the technique is such that even "physiological" levels of RF may be detected in the majority of serum samples. The intra-assay and inter-assay repeatability (6 8% and 12%) is better than that for either of the traditional agglutination techniques (latex fixation test and Waaler-Rose reaction, or LWR) and this means that the serological evolution of the illness may be followed more accurately for each patient. The detection of non-agglutinating RF was also possible. The antigen used (i. e. rabbit IgG) was fixed immunologically to the enzyme, hence it was not denatured by chemically labelling. This antigen resembles that of the Waaler-Rose reaction. A variation of this method enabled the detection of RF immunoglobulin class, when only the IgM fraction of the sera tested could be fixed to the solid phase by means of anti-mu F(ab')2 antibody before introduction of the antigen. The affinity constant could be measured without antibody purification. In 211 cases of adult rheumatoid arthritis, abnormally high levels of RF were revealed in 78% of the subjects using the PAP technique and in only 53% with the agglutination (LWR) techniques. On the other hand, the RF levels were within normal limits in the 51 cases of other inflammatory rheumatisms lacking RF according to LWR techniques, in 62 cases of non-inflammatory diseases (hip osteoarthrosis, low back pain) and also in the 42 cases of other inflammatory diseases. PMID- 7030196 TI - [Chemoprophylactic and chemotherapeutic characteristics of the infectious complications in the early period following a kidney transplant]. AB - Antibiotic therapy was effective in the majority of cases with early identified infectious complications after the kidney transplantation. The treatment dose of the antibiotic should be individually corrected for every patient with a transplanted organ with an account of kidney transplant function. When immunodepressants are used in addition to the chemotherapy it is necessary to control the immunological indices. PMID- 7030197 TI - Antagonism of ampicillin and chloramphenicol for meningeal isolates of group B streptococci. AB - The increasing prevalence of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b has led to the recommendation that ampicillin and chloramphenicol be given as the initial therapy for suspected bacterial meningitis in infants and children. However, during the first 2 months of life, H. influenzae type b is a rare cause of meningitis, whereas group B streptococcus is the most frequently isolated agent. Since ampicillin and chloramphenicol have been shown to be antagonistic for other streptococci, an in vitro study of their effect on group B streptococci was performed. The effect of ampicillin and chloramphenicol, alone and in combination, on 18 meningeal isolates was determined for 2 different inocula of group B streptococci, using microtiter broth dilution and growth kinetic assays. Isoboles, fractional lethal concentration indices, or both indicated antagonism for all strains. Growth kinetic assays for two representative strains demonstrated inhibition of the early bactericidal activity of ampicillin by chloramphenicol. These findings of in vitro antagonism suggest that this combination may be contraindicated for the treatment of infants with group B streptococcal meningitis. PMID- 7030198 TI - Active uptake of tetracycline by membrane vesicles from susceptible Escherichia coli. AB - A major portion of tetracycline accumulation by susceptible bacterial cells is energy dependent. Inner membrane vesicles prepared from susceptible Escherichia coli cells concentrated tetracycline 2.5 to 5 times above the external concentration when the electron transport substrate D-lactate or reduced phenazine methosulfate was added. This stimulation was reversed by cyanide, 2,4 dinitrophenol, and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone. These vesicles data showed that proton motive force alone could energize tetracycline uptake. The lactate-dependent uptake had a pH optimum of 6.9 and a magnesium optimum of 1 mM and was not saturable up to 400 microM tetracycline. Although the vesicles were not as active as cells in concentrating tetracycline, they were less active to a similar extent in concentrating tetracycline, they were less active to a similar extent in concentrating proline, the transport of which is known to be solely proton motive force dependent. Therefore, we concluded that the active uptake of tetracycline in susceptible cells was largely, if not solely, energized by proton motive force. PMID- 7030199 TI - Mutagenicity of quindoxin, its metabolites, and two substituted quinoxaline-di-N oxides. AB - The quinoxaline-di-N-oxides carbadox, olaquindox, and quindoxin, which are potent antibacterial agents, were tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella microsomal system. They all induced base pair substitutions and frameshift mutations in Salmonella, and occurred independently of the presence of a rat liver microsomal fraction in the test system. Mutagenicity was dependent on the presence of their N-oxide groups, since quinoxaline, a completely reduced derivative of quindoxin, was not mutagenic, whereas the partially reduced quinoxaline-N-oxide exhibited a lower mutagenic activity than quindoxin. recA and uvrB Salmonella were found to be more susceptible to mutagenic quinoxaline derivatives than wild-type strains. The mutagenicity of quinoxaline-di-N-oxides was enhanced under anaerobic incubation as was the antibacterial activity. These results suggest that both the antibacterial and mutagenic activity of quinoxaline-di-N-oxides depend upon the same bacterial activation mechanism. PMID- 7030200 TI - Comparison of ceftazidime and cefamandole pharmacokinetics and blister fluid concentrations. AB - Eight healthy male volunteers received 1 g of either ceftazidime or cefamandole as an intravenous infection. Serial blood samples were taken over the next 8 h. Urine samples were collected over 24 h. Levels of these antibiotics were measured in the fluid of blisters resulting from application of cantharides. The concentration of ceftazidime in serum at 0.25 h after intravenous injection was 83.3 micrograms/ml. The serum half-lives for the respective drugs were 1.8 and 0.8 h. The mean apparent volume of distribution of ceftazidime (13.6 liters) was greater than that of cefamandole (9.8 liters). Plasma clearance was 111 ml/min for ceftazidime and 216 ml/min for cefamandole. The maximum blister fluid concentration of ceftazidime was 45.9 micrograms/ml, and that of cefamandole was 22.1 micrograms/ml. The relative availability of each drug in blister fluid compared with serum was similar. PMID- 7030201 TI - Conjugal transfer of an R-plasmid in Pasteurella multocida. AB - A strain of Pasteurella multocida isolated from turkeys during an outbreak of septicemic disease (fowl cholera) was shown to possess the ability to transfer streptomycin and sulphadiazine resistance to P. multocida and to Escherichia coli by conjugation. The genes necessary for the transfer of the resistance genes appeared to be associated with a plasmid of molecular weight 28.5 x 10(6). The resistance genes were shown to be associated with a second plasmid of molecular weight 7.2 x 10(6). PMID- 7030202 TI - Care of the neonate after cesarean section. PMID- 7030203 TI - Social validation in mental retardation. PMID- 7030204 TI - [Toxicity, carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic action of dichlorvos]. PMID- 7030205 TI - Reactive sulfhydryl groups of coenzyme B12-dependent diol dehydrase: differential modification of essential and nonessential ones. PMID- 7030206 TI - Microbial oxidation of methanol: properties of crystallized alcohol oxidase from a yeast, Pichia sp. PMID- 7030207 TI - Characterization of the two alcohol dehydrogenases of Zymomonas mobilis. PMID- 7030208 TI - Protein-deficient ribosomal particles obtained by reversible modification with dimethylmaleic anhydride. PMID- 7030209 TI - Transmembrane assembly of membrane and secretory glycoproteins. PMID- 7030210 TI - ATP stimulation of the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7030211 TI - Assay and properties of the enzyme catalyzing the biosynthesis of 1-O-alkyl dihydroxyacetone 3-phosphate. PMID- 7030212 TI - Ether lipid studies in mouse C3H/10T1/2 cells and a 3-methylcholanthrene transformed clone. PMID- 7030213 TI - Calcium-dependent proteolytic activity in rat liver: identification of two proteases with different calcium requirements. PMID- 7030214 TI - A kinetic and structural comparison of chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydratase from mutant strains of Escherichia coli K 12 defective in the PheA gene. PMID- 7030215 TI - The self-association of chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydratase from Escherichia coli K12. PMID- 7030216 TI - Purification and kinetic characterization of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase from Aspergillus niger. PMID- 7030217 TI - Limited proteolysis of antigens E and K from ragweed pollen. PMID- 7030218 TI - The effects of low temperature and chloroquine on 125I-insulin degradation by the perfused rat liver. PMID- 7030219 TI - Immunochemical study on bakers' yeast mannan prepared by fractional precipitation with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. PMID- 7030220 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of glucose-induced insulin release: enzymes of mannose metabolism in pancreatic islets. PMID- 7030221 TI - Assessment of a new device for delivering aerosol drugs to asthmatic children. AB - A new device, known as the aero-chamber, for delivering aerosol drugs was compared with a standard aerosol inhaler in asthmatic children aged between 5 years 3 months and 13 years 10 months. The study was conducted under double-blind conditions using fenoterol, a beta 2 stimulant, as the active agent and a placebo. Response to treatment was assessed by measuring the peak expiratory flow rate before and after each inhaler. Seven of 10 children had greater mean improvements in peak expiratory flow rates when receiving the active drug from the aerochamber. The aerochamber offers a method for administering a whole range of canistered packaged drugs to children unable to use the standard inhalers. PMID- 7030222 TI - Tracheal compression by an anomalous innominate artery. A report of 2 cases in a family. PMID- 7030223 TI - Child growth (0-5 years), and the effect of entitlement to a milk supplement. AB - Twelve hundred and fifty-one pregnant women were contacted and their infants followed to age 5 years. Nine hundred and fifty-one (76%) children completed the trial. Measurements were made of birthweight, length, head circumference, and triceps skinfold at 10 days, and of weight, height, head circumference, and triceps at 5 years. Throughout the entire period of the study half the families, selected at random, were supplied with milk tokens entitling the mother, while pregnant, and all children under age 5 years, to 1 pint of milk a day at half its current price. The tokens led to a small increase in milk purchases by the families and to a small increase in milk drunk by the children. However no effect was detected in any growth measurement either in the total group, or in a more "vulnerable" group of children from the largest families. PMID- 7030224 TI - Comparison of the intravenous insulin and oral clonidine tolerance tests for growth hormone secretion. The Health Services Human Growth Hormone Committee. AB - The plasma growth hormone response to intravenous insulin was compared with that of oral clonidine in a multicentre trial in 64 patients being investigated for short stature. Either test was judged to give a positive result if the maximum plasma growth hormone concentration was at least 20 mU/1. In 42 pairs of tests concordant results were obtained, 19 being positive and 23 negative. In 12 tests only the response to insulin was positive and 10 tests were positive only for clonidine. Clonidine caused symptoms due to hypotension in some patients but the incidence and severity of side effects varied greatly between centres. It is concluded that clonidine and insulin have similar reliability as test of growth hormone secretion, but that clonidine may be the safer. PMID- 7030225 TI - Automated analysis of morphological change in the duodenal mucosa of children with coeliac disease. PMID- 7030226 TI - New immunofluorescent blood test for gluten sensitivity. AB - A new test for the detection of antibodies to gliadin in the sera of children who are gluten sensitive is described. This test is based on the observation that wheat protein binds selectively to connective tissue fibres in cryostat sections of mammalian tissues. Sera containing antibodies to gliadin give a reticulin pattern of staining on section pretreated with wheat gliadin if tested by indirect immunofluorescence. Antibodies to gliadin were detected in this manner in sera fom all of 32 children with coeliac disease, in 16 of whom a provisional diagnosis had been given and in 16 an established diagnosis confirmed by gluten challenge. The incidence of reticulin antibodies detected on untreated sections (in the absence of gliadin) was only 28%. Gliadin antibodies were also present in sera from 15% of 152 children with gastroenterological disorders other than coeliac disease, but most of these non-positive results for coeliac disease were in patients with transient gluten in tolerance, cows' milk-sensitive enteropathy, or Crohn's disease. This new test, although not specific for coeliac disease, promises to be of value as an indicator of gluten sensitivity, and when negative excludes a diagnosis of coeliac disease. It may also be useful in monitoring diet, and in determining when rebiopsy after gluten challenge in appropriate. PMID- 7030227 TI - Umbilical care and cord separation. AB - Four different treatments for the care of the umbilical cord were compared in a randomised, controlled study. Triple dye was associated with a significantly earlier separation of the cord than either 1% neomycin or 1% silver sulphadiazine ointment, and it was nearly as effective as bismuth subgallate (an astringent powder) in causing rapid sloughing. If the mother is made aware that care of the umbilical cord may delay cord separation she may be spared unnecessary concern. PMID- 7030228 TI - A controlled trial of a regularly cycled oscillating waterbed and a non oscillating waterbed in the prevention of apnoea in the preterm infant. AB - Fourteen preterm infants spent a mean of 23 hours divided into 4-hour periods with and without regular oscillations, 10 infants also being studied for control periods, before and afterwards. Electrocardiogram and impedance pneumogram were recorded continuously and analysed blindly. The waterbed, with or without oscillations, had no effect on apnoea or bradycardia when compared with control periods. Infants had appreciably more episodes of severe bradycardia while on the oscillating than on the non-oscillating waterbed. PMID- 7030229 TI - Immunofluorescence in psoriasis: studies of immunoglobulins, complement deposits, and three membrane markers. AB - Sixteen psoriatic patients and 11 control subjects were investigated by immunofluorescence for skin immunoglobulins (IG) and complement (c) deposits and for keratinocyte membrane markers with anti beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2 m) antibodies (Ab), Con A, and pemphigus Ab. IG and/or c deposits were almost constant in involved epidermis. Three patterns were associated: (1) parakeratotic nuclear (dots-dashes), (2) stratum corneum (SC) intercellular (lamellar pattern), (3) vascular (granular or linear deposits in papillary dermal vessels). In uninvolved epidermis nuclear or vascular deposits could occasionally be present but intercellular pattern was never found in SC. Control specimens were always negative. The three surface markers investigated (beta 2 m, Con A receptor, Pemphigus antigen) could be demonstrated on psoriatic keratinocytes with only slight differences in distribution when compared with controls. Thus, by this methodology no important abnormality could be found in psoriatic keratinocyte membrane antigens. PMID- 7030230 TI - Secondary autoimmune phenomena in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. PMID- 7030231 TI - Screening for toxic effects on interspecies interactions: a mechanistic or an empirical approach? AB - The use of empirical and mechanistic approaches are possible in the development of tests to screen for a substance's potential to affect interspecies interactions. The advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches are discussed. An experimental study is presented, in which an empirical and a mechanistic screening test for effects on exploitative competition between bacterial species were established and perturbed with nalidixic acid. Comparison of test results indicates that the mechanistic test was faster, cheaper, more sensitive, and more quantitative. The empirical test attained similar sensitivity and quantification only if the dynamics of the competition event was continuously monitored; requiring even greater cost and time. PMID- 7030232 TI - [Effect of cyproheptadine (periactin) on serum gastrin levels in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030233 TI - [Reaction to foreign body and latero-vaginal mass. Cytological diagnosis. A case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030234 TI - Autoantibodies to cartilage and type II collagen in relapsing polychondritis and other rheumatic diseases. AB - Cartilage antibodies were demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) on human fetal cartilage in 6 out of 9 patients with relapsing polychondritis (RPC), in 4 out of 260 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and in only 1 out of 1016 patients with other disorders. The antibodies were specific for cartilage and evenly stained the whole cartilage matrix. They were predominantly of IgG class and varied in titres from 1:1 to 1:320. Follow-up studies in the RPC patients indicated that higher titres were present during the early acute phase of the disease. Five of the 6 positive cases had developed the disease within the past 12 months, and the 3 negative cases had had the disease for 3 to 7 years when tested. The RA cases showing positive cartilage IFL had no clinical evidence of RPC. Sequential measurements in 2 of the 4 cases showed that these antibodies became detectable some years after the onset of arthritis. Absorption studies with human type II collagen and purified porcine proteoglycan failed to remove the cartilage IFL. Antibodies to human native type II collagen were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The highest levels were found in the RA sera which also displayed cartilage IFL, but the 2 tests gave discordant results. RPC sera showed the same antibody levels by this method, as did cartilage-IFL negative RA sera, though both groups had higher mean levels than health controls. The findings that cartilage antibodies are detected in the majority of cases of RPC and only rarely in other diseases suggests these antibodies may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cartilage destruction in RPC. PMID- 7030235 TI - Strathpeffer Spa: Dr William Bruce and polymyalgia rheumatica. AB - The first description of polymyalgia rheumatica is attributed to Dr William Bruce working in Strathpeffer Spa, Scotland, in 1888. His career, the history of the spa, and the original article are briefly described. PMID- 7030236 TI - Results of surgical management in 92 consecutive patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. AB - Hospital records and follow-up information on 92 patients with surgically proven Zollinger-Ellison syndrome have been reviewed, and data relating to symptomatology, age and sex incidence, pathologic findings, and early and late results of surgical procedures have been summarized. The postoperative mortality rate was 15%, and was adversely affected by previous peptic ulcer surgery, by the necessity of urgent operation for complications of peptic ulcer, and by employment of a procedure that failed to control acid secretion. Thirteen patients were found to have primary gastrinomas of the duodenum and an additional 13 patients had islet cell hyperplasia without evidence of frank neoplasm; prognosis in these two groups appears to be particularly favorable. Despite the current availability of effective nonoperative measures for control of gastric hypersecretion, surgical exploration is warranted in all patients to determine location and extent of tumor and to attempt to control the ulcer diathesis by resection of tumor. Long-term therapy with H2 receptor antagonists is advised for patients whose hypersecretory state has not been alleviated by tumor resection or whose gastrinoma cannot be removed. Total gastrectomy is still indicated in patients whose tumors are not amenable to resection and who are resistant to, or cannot follow, a rigid medical regimen. PMID- 7030237 TI - Atypical reticulocytes in rats with malaria as a possible consequence of the pitting function of the spleen. PMID- 7030238 TI - Chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in Madagascar and Kenya. PMID- 7030239 TI - Malaria antibody and parasitaemia patterns in one immune and one non-immune population in a malarious area of northern Peru. PMID- 7030240 TI - Control of yeast contamination with 5-fluorocytosine in the in vitro cultivation of Leishmania spp. PMID- 7030241 TI - Chest wall reconstruction. PMID- 7030242 TI - The olderly control of multiple interrupted sutures: a new instrument. PMID- 7030243 TI - Captopril, alone and in combination with hydrochlorothiazide, on responses to upright tilt in conscious dogs. AB - Orthostatic hypotension occurs relatively frequently in antihypertensive therapy. Although vasodilators are usually not associated with this response, hydralazine and to some extent minoxidil produced marked orthostasis in conscious dogs in a prior series of experiments. Captopril also reduces blood pressure by a peripheral mechanism. Therefore, its influence on responses to upright tilt were evaluated. Oral administration of captopril reduced blood pressure of conscious normotensive dogs. Even greater falls occurred after pretreatment with hydrochlorothiazide. However, the increases in blood pressure and heart rate observed during upright tilting were not altered by captopril. PMID- 7030244 TI - Infection after kidney transplantation. PMID- 7030245 TI - A screening test to identify aldosterone-producing adenoma by measuring plasma renin activity. Results in hypertensive patients. AB - In an attempt to devise a screening test for aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) among hypertensive patients, the serum sodium and potassium levels, plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration, and aldosterone-PRA ratio were measured in 348 patients with hypertension. Nine patients with a substantially elevated aldosterone-PRA ratio were selected and hospitalized for further investigations. All nine patients were then recognized by scintigraphy with labeled cholesterol, venography, and surgical excision as having APA. The serum concentration of potassium was subnormal in three of nine patients with APA. In patients with APA, administration of diuretics and salt restriction significantly elevated PRA. However, even under notable diurnal and day-to-day variations of plasma aldosterone concentrations, the aldosterone-PRA ratio was always elevated inappropriately (more than 400) in patients with APA. In contrast, after administration of diuretics, both the PRA and aldosterone levels increased significantly in patients with essential hypertension, but the aldosterone-PRA ratio was less than 200. Since the renin-angiotensin system seems to be a major factor controlling aldosterone secretion in normal subjects, it is suggested that an elevation of aldosterone-PRA ratio more than 400 is a useful screening tool for the prediction of APA among hypertensive patients. PMID- 7030246 TI - Screening for surgically correctable hypertension caused by primary aldosteronism. PMID- 7030247 TI - Endogenous insulin secretion measured by C-peptide in maturity-onset diabetes controllable by diet alone. AB - Endogenous insulin secretion was quantified in patients with maturity-onset diabetes (MOD) whose diabetes was controllable solely by caloric regulation as primary therapy. Insulin was used adjunctively only and persistent attempts were made to withdraw it as weight loss occurred in response to diet. Insulin secretory capacity was measured by C-peptide response during a standard 100-g oral glucose tolerance test in 24 patients who achieved normalization of plasma glucose level as a result of dietary therapy alone. Summed C-peptide levels for the diet-controlled diabetic patients was 7.8 +/- 0.7 pmol/mL as compared with 6.1 +/- 0.45 pmol/mL for a group of ten normal-weight, nondiabetic volunteers. PMID- 7030248 TI - Impact of a cardiology data bank on physicians' prognostic estimates. Evidence that cardiology fellows change their estimates to become as accurate as the faculty. AB - To determine whether physicians would be influenced by the prognostic information in a large coronary artery disease data bank, cardiology faculty and fellows made initial estimates of the prognoses of their patients and then made revised final estimates after seeing the outcome of matched patients (OMP) from the data bank. The faculty cardiologists' original estimates proved to be as accurate as those of the data bank's OMP, and the faculty revised their estimates minimally in response to the data bank's OMP. Conversely, the cardiology fellows' original estimates were less accurate than the data bank's OMP, and under all observed circumstances the fellows responded more to the data bank's OMP than did the faculty. As a result, the accuracy of the fellows' final estimates was similar to the accuracies of both the faculty cardiologists and the data bank's OMP. Computerized data banks seem more likely to have impact when their information is provided to physicians who are relatively inexperienced with the disease in question. PMID- 7030249 TI - Response to pneumococcal vaccine in renal transplant and hemodialysis patients. AB - Because of the risk of serious pneumococcal infections in patients receiving a renal transplant, a study was undertaken to determine if pneumococcal vaccine could be administered before or after transplantation. Vaccine was given to recipients of transplants and to patients who were undergoing dialysis. Both groups responded to the vaccine, and although the mean antibody levels were lower than those reported for normal populations, the levels were in the range thought to be protective for most pneumococcal types. Antibody levels, both before and after vaccination, were substantially lower in patients with recent transplants than in patients who were undergoing hemodialysis. Patients who are awaiting renal transplantation can be immunized while they are undergoing hemodialysis. Further study is needed to determine how long antibody levels will persist after vaccination in both patients undergoing hemodialysis and those receiving a transplant. PMID- 7030250 TI - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy associated with chronic Plasmodium malariae infection. PMID- 7030251 TI - Serious infection in an adult due to penicillin-tolerant group B streptococcus. AB - This report describes a patient with group B streptococcal (GBS) bacteremia with pyelonephritis and septic arthritis whose condition failed to improve after two weeks of therapy with penicillin G sodium. The organism was found to be tolerant to penicillin (minimal inhibitory concentration, 0.06 IU/mL; minimal bactericidal concentration [MBC], 10 IU/mL). Antimicrobial synergy with gentamicin sulfate was demonstrated (MBC of penicillin was 0.07 IU/mL in the presence of 2.5 micrograms/mL of gentamicin). Addition of gentamicin to penicillin therapy was associated with clinical improvement. It is suggested that bactericidal rather than inhibitory susceptibility tests be employed as a guide to therapy in serious GBS infections. Where penicillin tolerance is found in association with a poor clinical response to penicillin, addition of an aminoglycoside should be considered. Antimicrobial synergy studies should be performed to demonstrate that a beneficial effect is possible at clinically attainable antibiotic concentrations. PMID- 7030252 TI - Verapamil therapy and blood glucose concentration. PMID- 7030253 TI - [Anatomy and function of the pylorus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030255 TI - Diagnostic interview schedule: reliability and validity. PMID- 7030254 TI - The influence of growth conditions on the synthesis of molybdenum cofactor in Proteins mirabilis. AB - Cell-free extracts of Proteus mirabilis were able to reconstitute NADPH-dependent assimilatory nitrate reductase in crude extracts of the Neurospora crassa mutant strain nit-1, lacking molybdenum cofactor. Molybdenum cofactor was formed in the cytoplasm of the bacterium even in the presence of oxygen during growth though under these conditions no molybdo enzymes are formed. As a consequence no cofactor could be released by acid treatment from membranes of cells growth aerobically. The amount of cofactor released from membranes of cells grown anaerobically under various conditions was proportional to the amount of molybdo enzymes formed. During growth in the presence of tungstate a cofactor, which lacks molybdenum, was found in the cytoplasm. For detection of this so-called demolybdo cofactor the presence of molybdate during reconstitution was essential. Moreover, the cytoplasmic cofactor pool in cells grown in the presence of tungstate appeared to be two to three times higher than in cells grown under similar conditions without tungstate. After anaerobic growth in the presence of tungstate, the inactive demolybdo reductases were shown to contain partly no cofactor and partly a demolybdo cofactor. The P. mirabilis chlorate resistant mutant S 556 did not contain molybdenum cofactor. In two other chl-mutants the cofactor activity was the same as in the wild type. PMID- 7030256 TI - Autoantibodies in lung cancer patients demonstrated on fixed tissue culture cells. An immunofluorescent study. AB - A panel of sera derived from 138 patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma, non-neoplastic lung conditions and from blood donors was tested for presence of autoantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence on fixed cells of established lung cancer cell line and lung fibroblasts as a substrate. Autoantibodies were detected in 87% and 64% out of patient sera respectively and in 9% of donor sera. Immunofluorescence patterns permitted to distinguish 3 antibody specificities: anti-nucleolar, anti-cytoplasmic and anti-nuclear ones. The major differences were noted in incidence of anti-nucleolar antibodies, which were present in 77% of lung cancer patients and only in 14% of patients with non-neoplastic lung conditions. The autoantibodies in question belonged to IgG and to lesser degree IgA class of immunoglobulin and were not apparently cancer specific because absorption with normal tissue homogenates removed their activity. PMID- 7030257 TI - Prof. Tadeusz Bilikiewicz, eminent historian of medicine, psychiatrist and neurologist (in memoriam). PMID- 7030258 TI - [An unknown autopsy report (visum repertum) preserved 1853 in the files of the National Archives in Lublin]. PMID- 7030259 TI - [Old medical manuscripts in the capitular library in Wroclaw]. PMID- 7030260 TI - [Bookplates in Polish medical books]. PMID- 7030261 TI - [First attempt at the elaboration of methodology in the history of medicine in Polish literature]. PMID- 7030262 TI - [The health situation in Podole in the writings of Jozef Apolinary Rolle]. PMID- 7030263 TI - The mammalian Harderian gland: morphology, biochemistry, function and phylogeny. PMID- 7030264 TI - Demonstration of B lymphocytes in rat thymic lymph follicles. PMID- 7030265 TI - Effectiveness of two-stage treatment of multiple myeloma with melphalan and with melphalan in combination with cyclophosphamide, carmustine, vincristine and prednisone. PMID- 7030266 TI - Syntheses and pharmacological analysis of new derivatives of tetrahydro-[1,3] thiazine and 2-thiobarbituric acid. AB - Three groups of compounds:1,3-thiazine derivatives, 2-thiobarbituric acid derivatives and noncyclic thioureide were obtained as a result of condensation of some N, N1-derivatives of thiocarbamide and malonyl dichlorides, depending on the reaction conditions and chemical character of reagents. It was observed that the substituents beside nitrogen atoms of thiocarbamides, the kind of acid chloride and reaction conditions influenced the course of reaction. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was proved by the analysis of PMR spectrum and the interpretation of IR spectrum. In the performed pharmacological examination immunotropic and anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was determined. Among 1,3-thiazine derivatives, 5,5-diallyl-2-phenylimino-3-phenyl-2,3,4,5 tetrahydro-[1,3]-thiazine-4,6-dione and 5,5-diethyl-2-phenylimino-3-naphtyl 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-[1,3]-thiazine-4,6-dione exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. The compounds also contained the immunotropic component, either stimulatory or suppressive, 2-thiobarbituric acid derivatives displayed stronger anti-inflammatory activity correlated mostly with the immunosuppressive activity. Some interdependence between chemical structure and biological activity in the group of the investigated 1,3-thiazines and 2-thiobarbituric acid derivatives was observed. PMID- 7030267 TI - The contributions of paleopathology to modern medicine. An update. PMID- 7030268 TI - The paleopathology of an Aleutian mummy. AB - A multidisciplinary team examined an Aleutian mummy from the collection of the Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnology of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. The mummy, dating from the early 18th century, was of a middle-aged woman who had suffered from pulmonary and ear infections, atherosclerosis, pediculosis, and degenerative joint disease. Another finding was anthracosis, common in ancient bodies and related to indoor heating and cooking fires. Skeletal lead was not found, in contrast with the high levels seen in modern persons. No neoplasms were identified, again consistent with the results of previous studies of ancient human remains. Such comparisons of ancient and modern morbidity and mortality provide a historical perspective on the evolution and cause of human disease. PMID- 7030269 TI - Paraplast-piccolyte double embedding. PMID- 7030270 TI - Immunohistochemistry of proliferative myositis. PMID- 7030271 TI - Biofeedback in rehabilitation: a review of principles and practices. AB - Modern biofeedback is the technique of using electronic equipment to reveal instantaneously to patients and therapists certain physiologic events and to teach the patients to control these otherwise involuntary events by manipulating the displayed signals (usually visual and/or acoustic). Diagnostic EMG and research on the fine control of motor units led to clinical EMG biofeedback. In rehabilitation it has gained a firm place in the treatment of upper motor neuron lesions, particularly in retraining muscles and inducing relaxation of spastic muscles of stroke patients. In cerebral palsy and musculoskeletal disturbances, additional feedback transducers (electrogoniometers, pressure-sensitive and position-sensing devices) are gaining wider use. Spasmodic torticollis has proved to be particularly suitable for behavioral methods of treatment including EMG feedback. PMID- 7030272 TI - Antigenic composition of different BCG substrains studied by rocket-line immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 7030273 TI - Preparation of a BCG substrain specific elicitin. PMID- 7030274 TI - The Mycobacterium smegmatis peroxidase, cross-reacting antigen with Mycobacterium leprae. PMID- 7030275 TI - [Pathological anatomy and the pathogenetic problems of acute pneumonias of varying etiology]. AB - Acute pneumonias comprise a group of infectious diseases of different etiology which determines many features of clinico-anatomic manifestations of some of their forms including the extension of inflammatory lesions in the lungs. Usually developing due to disorders in the draining function of the bronchi, disorders of the phagocytic activity of leukocytes and alveolar macrophages as well as the presence of immunodeficient conditions, acute pneumonias emerge as complications of other diseases. From 1962 to the present time the rate of their detection in fatal cases increased from 11.6% to 42.8%. Their most frequent causative agents are staphylococci resistant to most antibiotics used for treatment, less frequently Pseudomonas aeruginosa and pathogenic fungi. Also, an increased role in the etiology of pneumonias of conditionally-pathogenic flora (Proteus, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia) and frequent pneumonias caused by mixed microflora are observed. Pneumonias were the immediate cause of death in 19.2% of the fatal cases. PMID- 7030276 TI - [Morphology of the reparative processes after the arrest of gastric hemorrhages using various lasers]. AB - Morphological changes in the stomach of 40 heparinized dogs with acute gastric hemorrhages from experimental ulcers and 22 patients with acute gastrointestinal hemorrhages were studied immediately and at remote intervals after laser photocoagulations performed by continuous laser irradiation. After laser irradiation, typical changes in morphological structures developed and were accompanied by the appearance at the site of the bleeding ulcers of coagulation necrosis and coagulative thrombi of arrosive arteries conducive to hemostasis. Laser wounds healed with the formation of aseptic productive inflammation without considerable inflammatory infiltration and edema of the adjacent tissues. Reparation of the mucous membrane ends by 30--45 days after coagulation with regeneration of the muscular layer of the mucosa and without any scar in the submucous layer. PMID- 7030277 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in central nervous system cells due to arboviruses]. AB - The paper systematizes the data of the literature on ultrastructural changes in the central nervous system (CNS) of experimental animals infected with arboviruses of the Togaviridae family. The main site of virus reproduction in the CNS was found to be nerve cells in which the ultrastructural lesions typical for this group of viruses developed. The main features of these lesions consist in degeneration of rough membranes, ribosomes, and polysomes of the cell, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of smooth membranes, formation of various vacuoles and vesicles in the cell hyaloplasm. Mature virions accumulate in cisterns and cavities of the endoplasmic reticulum, lamellar complex, in vacuoles and vesicles. Each of arboviruses produces in the cells not strictly specific but typical ultrastructural lesions. In the CNS the viruses spread hematogenically, in intercellular and perivascular spaces and dendrites of the nerve cells. PMID- 7030278 TI - A short history of bloodletting. PMID- 7030279 TI - Selective plasma component removal: alternatives to plasma exchange. AB - Plasma exchange, the unselective removal of all plasma constituents, has been applied, with varying degrees of success, to an increasing number of disorders. Because of the high cost of plasma exchange, largely the result of expensive homologous replacement solution, and other reasons, alternatives have been sought. Selective removal of plasma components permits the use of autologous plasma as replacement which is less costly, more physiologic, and in some cases, a more efficient alternative to plasma exchange. The selective removal of plasma components whose presence is associated with a disease process can be accomplished presently by physical or chemical means with either on-line of off line systems. A state-of-the-art review of currently available alternatives to plasma exchange is described. This includes hemoperfusion and plasmaperfusion over affinity columns or filters with immobilized sorbents. On-line separation of macromolecules by membrane filtration and cryoprecipitation as well as off-line chemical precipitation and cryoprecipitation are also described. The potential and limitations of the techniques are emphasized. PMID- 7030280 TI - Plasma exchange and immunoadsorption for removal of antibodies prior to ABO incompatible bone marrow transplant. AB - ABO incompatible allogeneic bone marrow transplants can be performed successfully to treat patients with leukemia or aplastic anemia. These transplants carry no great risk of rejection or graft-versus-host disease, however, some method must be used to avoid acute hemolysis at the time of infusion of ABO incompatible marrow. We have used successfully large volume plasma exchange to remove anti-A or anti-B antibodies prior to marrow infusion. More recently we have used immunoadsorbent columns containing synthetic A or B antigen specifically to remove anti-A or anti-B antibodies in lieu of plasma exchange. These columns are better tolerated than plasma exchange where allergic reactions are common. PMID- 7030281 TI - Immunoabsorption in an extracorporeal plasma perfusion system: in vitro studies. AB - A rechargeable plasma perfusion system developed to remove IgG immunoglobulins is described. Partially purified protein A was covalently bonded on two separate carriers, Sepharose 6MB and carboxyl acrylic beads. Plasma from a patient with IgG multiple myeloma was perfused through the Sepharose-protein A column, and this resulted in a maximum removal of 177% of the estimated removal capacity of the column. Plasma from the same source was perfused through the acrylic bead protein A column and yielded an average of 220% of the estimated removal capacity of the column. In addition, plasma from a normal subject and from six patients with various autoimmune diseases was perfused through the Sepharose-protein A column, and varying percent removal was obtained. A detailed procedure for covalent coupling of purified protein A to carboxylated acrylic beads is also given. PMID- 7030282 TI - Auditory evoked potentials in bacterial meningitis. AB - Auditory evoked potentials obtained on infants and children recovering from bacterial meningitis are effective in early and reliable detection of sensorineural deafness, particularly in those who demonstrate absence of wave I. PMID- 7030283 TI - Anatomy of the lamina cribrosa in human eyes. AB - Light microscopy of specimens of human eyes cut in cross section at the level of the lamina cribrosa showed variation in structural anatomy, as demonstrated previously in certain primate eyes. Connective tissue and glial cell structural elements were greater in nasal-temporal as compared with inferior and superior quadrants of the disc. This regional variation suggests a hypothesis for the specificity of early patterns of optic nerve dysfunction characteristic of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. In glaucomatous eyes, nerve head regions with relatively less structural tissue elements may yield early to detrimental effects of persistent pressure elevation. PMID- 7030284 TI - Rational restoration of endodontically treated teeth. I. Principles, techniques, and materials. PMID- 7030285 TI - Marginal fracture of amalgam restorations. A review. PMID- 7030286 TI - Immediate bridgework. PMID- 7030287 TI - Structure-function relationships in the wall of the ovarian follicle. AB - This paper reviews current knowledge of the light and electron microscopic structure of the three layers of the mammalian follicular wall-follicular epithelium (membrana granulosa), theca interna and theca externa--and discusses correlations between structure and function. The ultrastructure of follicular epithelial cells in growing follicles emphasized their protein synthetic and secretory functions; features suggestive of a major steroidogenic function appear only at later stages. Regional differences in follicular epithelial cell function are probably important, although structurally these cells are relatively homogeneous. Structural diversity is more marked in the thecal layers: differentiation in the theca interna is towards fibrocytic and steroidogenic cell types, while that in the theca externa is towards fibrocytic and myoid types. Adherens and gap junctions are present between cells in all layers; however, tight (occludens) junctions have not been convincingly demonstrated between the cells in any of the three layers. Blood and lymph vessels are confined to the thecal layers. However, follicles possess no structural barrier comparable to that associated with the "blood-testis barrier', and show a correspondingly greater permeability to large molecules than seminiferous tubules. Interactions between the layers of the follicular function. To date, the best-documented interaction between layers is that described in the "two-cell hypothesis' of oestrogen production. some potentially useful directions for future research are proposed. PMID- 7030288 TI - Control of gluconeogenesis in the lactating sheep. AB - Ewes which had been lactating for 3--4 weeks and which had been milked by hand from the day of parturition were subjected to food restriction for 4 days. One group of three ewes was fed ad libitum and a second group of four ewes was fed to meet calculated requirements for maintenance and milk production. Over 4 days food intake was reduced by 80% in both groups of ewes. In response to food restriction, milk yields and body weight decreased. Blood amino acids, plasma glucose, glucose pool size, glucose irreversible loss, insulin, thyroxine and the insulin: glucagon molar ratio decreased. In contrast, plasma glucagon remained relatively unaffected and plasma free fatty acids and growth hormone increased. These changes were similar for both groups of ewes and were reversed when food intake was restored. The results suggest that the hormonal control of gluconeogenesis in the ruminant is similar to that in the non-ruminant. PMID- 7030289 TI - A summary of nurse training at the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne. PMID- 7030290 TI - International nursing Olive Anstey - a lady of purpose and achievement. PMID- 7030291 TI - Use of captopril in the diagnosis of renal hypertension. AB - 1. The effects of a single 25 mg oral dose of captopril on blood pressure, heart rate and circulating renin, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, bradykinin and catecholamine levels were examined in untreated patients with essential (n = 10, Group I), accelerated (n = 6, Group II) and renal hypertension (n = 8, Group III) studied on a normal sodium diet. 2. Mean blood pressure fell only slightly in Group I patients, (113 +/- 3 to 109 +/- 3 mmHg at 60 minutes) but a greater fall was observed in Group II (153 +/- 8 to 135 +/- 11 mmHg) and a marked fall in Group III, (136 +/- 3 to 114 +/- 5 mmHg). There were no significant changes in heart rate in any group. 3. Plasma angiotensin II levels were significantly reduced 30 minutes after captopril in all three groups and returned toward resting values after four hours. The falls in plasma angiotensin II levels were accompanied by reciprocal increases in blood angiotensin I and plasma renin, but blood bradykinin and plasma catecholamine concentrations remained unchanged. 4. Resting plasma renin levels showed considerable overlap in the three groups and the mean renin values were not significantly different in the three groups. After captopril a marked rise in plasma renin concentration (greater than 2.5 ng/ml/hr) was observed in seven patients in Group III, including all six patients with renovascular disease. In contrast, none of the patients with essential hypertension and only one patient with accelerated hypertension had such an increase. Determination of the acute renin and blood pressure responses to converting enzyme inhibition with a single oral dose of captopril appears to be useful in identifying patients with renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7030292 TI - The treatment of metastatic breast cancer with aminoglutethimide. AB - Thirty-eight patients with advanced breast cancer, resistant to prior endocrine therapy and in most cases prior chemotherapy, were treated with aminoglutethimide, 250 mg qds. Seven of 30 evaluable patients (23%) responded. Six have subsequently relapsed with a mean duration of response of 17 weeks, while one continues to respond after 50 weeks of therapy. Six additional patients (20%) had stable disease during aminoglutethimide therapy (mean duration of 16 weeks). Three of the seven responders had shown a partial response, two had stable disease and two had progressive disease on prior endocrine therapy (including tamoxifen); six of the seven patients responding to aminoglutethimide had received prior combination chemotherapy, to which all had responded. Aminoglutethimide was generally well tolerated, although three patients withdrew from treatment within the first two weeks because of intolerable drowsiness. Aminoglutethimide offers a useful alternative to surgical adrenalectomy for women with advanced breast cancer responsive to previous endocrine and cytotoxic chemotherapy. PMID- 7030293 TI - Glyoxalase phenotypes in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - Caucasian diabetic patients in Australian surveys showed a significant difference in the distribution of glyoxalase phenotypes. Insulin dependent diabetic patients with age of onset less than 40 years had a relative excess of glyoxalase homozygote 1-1 and a deficiency of types 2-1 and 2-2. Non-insulin dependent diabetic patients were not significantly different from non-diabetic subjects in the distribution of glyoxalase phenotypes. Insulin dependent diabetic patients without the complications of retinopathy or neuropathy also showed a significant excess of glyoxalase type 1-1 in relation to the control group. Genes controlling glyoxalase polymorphism appear to be associated with the variations of diabetes and its complications. PMID- 7030294 TI - Reducing the child accident toll: education concerning accidents risks, and their circumvention. PMID- 7030295 TI - Sir Lorimer Dods 1900-1981. PMID- 7030296 TI - Florence Nightingale memorial service. PMID- 7030297 TI - Occupational therapy with the burn patient -- a holistic approach. PMID- 7030298 TI - Orthopaedics--a brief historical overview. PMID- 7030299 TI - The U.S. flight nurse: an annotated historical bibliography. AB - The original concept of the specially trained flight nurse was first enunciated in 1932, but it was not until 1943 that the first group of such nurses graduated from training for U.S. Army air evacuation work in World War II. This is a brief history and extensive annotated bibliography for those who wish to delve further into flight nurse history. PMID- 7030300 TI - The platelet-perfused in-vitro heart: an alternative model for studying the role of endogenous prostacyclin and thromboxane in control of coronary perfusion. AB - A new experimental in-vitro model is described, which was used for studying prostacyclin (PGI2)-thromboxane A2 (TXA2)-interactions. Langendorff hearts of guinea pigs are perfused at constant volume with Krebs-Henseleit buffer and washed human platelets (4 x 10(8)/min). PGI2 and TXA2 release are measured by bioassay. The cardiac and coronary function and the myocardial oxygen consumption are continuously monitored. The platelet count in the cardiac effluent can be measured and the cAMP content has been estimated. This model might be a useful tool for studying the roles of PGI2 and TXA2 in platelet activation and coronary perfusion in terms of endogenously synthesized substances. PMID- 7030301 TI - [Comparison of enzyme immunochemical and gas chromatographic morphine determination in blood]. PMID- 7030302 TI - [Insulin determination using the radioimmunoassay of cadaver blood]. PMID- 7030303 TI - [Polymorphism of alcohol dehydrogenases and aldehyde dehydrogenases in human autopsy samples, blood and hair follicles]. PMID- 7030304 TI - Hanganutziu and Deicher type heterophile antigen expressed on the cell surface of Marek's disease lymphoma-derived cell lines. PMID- 7030305 TI - Impaired sensitivity to insulin of rat livers perfused with blood of diminished haematocrit. AB - 1. In livers from fed rats perfused with homologous whole blood of a haematocrit value of 37%, insulin decreased the perfusate concentrations of glucose and amino acids, production of ketone bodies (3-hydroxybutyrate + acetoacetate) and increased bile flow. 2. Perfusion with blood diluted with buffer to a haematocrit value of 17% decreased hepatic O2 consumption by 40-50%. Perfusate concentrations of glucose and lactate, the rate of ketogenesis and the ratios [lactate]/[pyruvate] and [3-hydroxybutyrate]/[acetoacetate] were all increased. 3. In livers perfused with blood of diminished haematocrit, effects of insulin on perfusate glucose an amino acids, ketogenesis and bile flow were abolished. PMID- 7030306 TI - Rapid inhibition of lipogenesis in vivo in lactating rat mammary gland by medium- or long-chain triacylglycerols and partial reversal by insulin. AB - An intragastric load of medium- or long-chain triacylglycerols inhibited lipogenesis in lactating rat mammary gland in vivo by 82 or 89% respectively. This inhibition was reversed partially by insulin administration. Long-chain triacylglycerols inhibited hepatic lipogenesis in vivo but medium-chain triacylglycerols increased it 2-fold. Glucose utilization in vitro by mammary gland acini from triacylglycerol-fed rat was normal. PMID- 7030307 TI - Evidence for polymorphonuclear-leucocyte-derived proteinases in arthritic cartilage. AB - 1. An enzyme that degrades proteoglycan at neutral pH was extracted with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride from the articular cartilage of rabbits with antigen induced arthritis. 2. The enzyme had an apparent molecular weight on Ultrogel AcA 54 of about 8000 and was optimally active at pH 7.5 in Tris/HCl buffer containing 0.2 M-NaCl. The partially purified preparation was totally inhibited by 0.01 mM-N acetyldialanylprolylvalylchloromethane, severely inhibited by 2 mM phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride and soya-bean trypsin inhibitor (200 microgram/ml) and slightly inhibited by 10 mM-EDTA. Marked inhibition was also obtained with a cytosolic fraction prepared from rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes. 3. All properties of the enzyme were virtually identical with those of an 'elastase-like' proteinase that was isolated from rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocyte granules. 4. The results are consistent with the idea that cartilage proteoglycan degradation in acute joint inflammation is due at least partly to the diffusion into the cartilage of proteinases derived from synovial-fluid polymorphonuclear leucocytes. PMID- 7030308 TI - Isolation and characterization of tryase, a serine proteinase from rat liver. AB - 1. A new serine proteinase, tryase, was isolated from the membrane fraction of a post-nuclear supernatant of rat liver homogenate. The enzyme was solubilized with 1 M-MgCl2 and purified to homogeneity by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and affinity chromatography with soya-bean trypsin inhibitor linked to Sepharose 4B. 2. The enzyme was identified on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels by reaction with radiolabelled di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate. Unreduced its molecular weight was 32 500, reduced it was 28 000. 3. The enzyme readily hydrolysed azocasein and tripeptide nitroanilide substrates with an arginine or lysine residue adjacent to the leaving group. D-Pro-Phe-Arg-NPhNO2 was used routinely (Km = 0.25 mM). Tryase showed little activity on blocked arginine esters or amides. 4. It was inhibited by di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate, benzamidine, aprotinin, soya-bean and lima-bean trypsin inhibitors, Ile-Leu-Arg CH2Cl and Phe-Ala-Arg-CH2Cl. It was not inhibited by Tos-Lys-CH2Cl. 5. Subcellular-fractionation studies showed that tryase was associated with particles similar in their sedimentation properties to lysosomes, but, since it was not present in tritosomes, it was not in the classical lysosome. 6. Rat liver contained other neutral proteinases; one of these was a serine proteinase with an apparent molecular weight of 90 000 on gel chromatography. PMID- 7030309 TI - Chemical properties of the functional groups of insulin. AB - The method of competitive binding [Kaplan, Stevenson & Hartley (1971) Biochem. J. 124, 289-299] with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as the labelling reagent [Duggleby & Kaplan (1975) Biochemistry 14, 5168-5175] was used to determine the chemical properties, namely pK and reactivity, of the amino groups, the histidine residues and the tyrosine residues of the dimeric form of pig zinc-free insulin at 20.0 degrees C. The N-terminal glycine residue of the A-chain has a pK of 7.7 and a slightly higher than normal reactivity. The N-terminal phenylalanine residue of the B-chain has a pK of 6.9 and is approximately an order of magnitude more reactive than a corresponding amino group with the same pK value. The lysine epsilon-amino group has an unusually low pK of 7.0 but has approximately the expected reactivity of such a group. In the case of the two histidine and four tyrosine residues only the average properties of each class were determined. The histidine residues have a pK value of approx. 6.6, but, however, their reactivity is at least an order of magnitude greater than that of a free imidazole group. The tyrosine residues have a pK value of approx. 10, but their average reactivities are substantially less than for a free phenolic group. At alkaline pH values above 8 the reactivity of all the functional groups show sharp discontinuities, indicating that insulin is undergoing a structural change that alters the properties of these groups. PMID- 7030310 TI - Kinetic studies of the mechanism of pig kidney aldehyde reductase. AB - Initial-rate measurements were made of the oxidations of pyridine-3-methanol and glycerol by NADP+ and of the reduction of the corresponding aldehydes by NADPH catalysed by pig kidney aldehyde reductase. In addition, a brief survey of the specificity of the enzyme towards aldehyde substrates and its sensitivity to the inhibitors ethacrynic acid, sodium barbitone and warfarin was made. The detailed kinetic work indicates a compulsory mechanism for aldehyde reduction, with NADPH binding before aldehyde. For alcohol oxidation, however, it is necessary to postulate the formation of kinetically significant amounts of binary complexes of the type enzyme-alcohol to explain the results. Thus, for alcohol oxidation random-order addition of substrates may occur. Inhibition studies of the kinetics of aldehyde reduction in the presence of the corresponding alcohol product provide further evidence for the existence of enzyme-alcohol complexes. Finally, detailed kinetic studies were made of the inhibition of pyridine-3-aldehyde reduction by sodium barbitone. The mechanism of the inhibition is discussed. PMID- 7030311 TI - The use of naturally occurring hybrid variants of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase to investigate subunit contacts. AB - 1. Hybrids of the tetrameric enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.28) were formed in vivo in a strain of Escherichia coli which harbours two different plasmids, each of which normally confers chloramphenicol resistance and specifies an easily distinguished enzyme variant (type I or type III) which is composed of identical subunits. Cell-free extracts of the dual-plasmid strain were found to contain five species of active enzyme, two of which were the homomeric enzymes corresponding to the naturally occurring tetramers of the type I (beta 4) and type-III (alpha 4) enzymes. The other three variants were judged to be the heteromeric hybrid variants (alpha 3 beta, alpha 2 beta 2, alpha beta 3). 2. The alpha 3 beta and alpha 2 beta 2 hybrids of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase were purified to homogeneity by combining the techniques of affinity and ion-exchange chromatography. The alpha beta 3 variant was not recovered and may be unstable in vitro. 3. The unique lysine residues that could not be modified with methyl acetimidate in each of the native homomeric enzymes were also investigated in the heteromeric tetramers. 4. Lysine-136 remains buried in each beta subunit of the parental (type I) enzyme and in each of the hybrid tetramers. Lysine-38 of each alpha subunit is similarly unreactive in the native type-III chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (alpha 4), but in the alpha 2 beta 2 hybird lysine-38 of each alpha subunit is fully exposed to solvent. Another lysine residue, fully reactive in the alpha 4 enzyme, was observed to be inaccessible to modification in the symmetrical hybrid. The results obtained for the alpha 3 beta enzyme suggest that lysine-38 in two subunits and a different lysine group (that identified in the alpha 2 beta 2 enzyme) in the third alpha subunit are buried. 5. A tentative model for the subunit interactions of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase is proposed on the basis of the results described. PMID- 7030312 TI - Mouse macrophage elastase. Purification and characterization as a metalloproteinase. AB - Macrophage elastase was purified from tissue-culture medium conditioned by inflammatory mouse peritoneal macrophages. Characterized as a secreted neutral metalloproteinase, this enzyme was shown to be catalytically and immunochemically distinct from the mouse pancreatic and mouse granulocyte elastases, both of which are serine proteinases. Inhibition profiles, production of nascent N-terminal leucine residues and sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of degraded elastin indicated that macrophage elastase is an endopeptidase, with properties of a metalloproteinase, rather than a serine proteinase. Macrophage elastase was inhibited by alpha 2-macroglobulin, but not by alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. Macrophage elastase was resolved into three chromatographically distinct forms. The predominant form had mol.wt. 22 000 and was purified 4100 fold. Purification of biosynthetically radiolabelled elastase indicated that this form represented less than 0.5% of the secreted protein of macrophages. Approx. 800% of the starting activity was recovered after purification. Evidence was obtained for an excess of an endogenous inhibitor masking more than 80% of the secreted activity. PMID- 7030313 TI - Isolation of an actin-binding fragment of fibronectin. AB - We have identified a specific actin-binding site in the adhesive glycoprotein fibronectin, isolated from chicken fibroblasts. Affinity chromatography of fragments, released from fibronectin by limited proteolysis with trypsin, chymotrypsin and subtilisin, on actin-Sepharose and other protein-Sepharose columns was used to locate the binding site. A 27 000-mol.wt. subtilisin-digest fragment bound efficiently to actin. The results suggest that the actin-binding site is close to, but not identical with, the reported collagen-binding site. PMID- 7030314 TI - Prosthetic groups of the NADH-dependent nitrite reductase from Escherichia coli K12. AB - A substantially improved purification of Escherichia coli NADH-dependent nitrite reductase was obtained by purifying it in presence of 1 mM-NO2- and 10 microM FAD. The enzyme was obtained in 20% yield with a maximum specific activity of 1.04 kat . kg-1: more than 95% of this sample subjected to sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis migrated as a single band of protein. This highly active enzyme contained one non-covalently bound FAD molecule, and, probably, 5 Fe atoms and 4 acid-labile S atoms per subunit. No FMN, covalently bound flavin or Mo was detected. The spectrum of the enzyme shows absorption maxima at 386, 455, 530 and about 575 nm with a shoulder at 480--490 nm. The Soret-band/alpha-band absorbance ratio is about 4:1. These spectral features are characteristic of sirohaem, apart from the maximum at 455nm, which is attributed to flavin. The enzyme also catalyses the NADH-dependent reduction of horse heart cytochrome c, 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol and K3Fe(CN)6. The presence of sirohaem in E. coli nitrite reductase explains the apparent identity of the cysG and nirB gene of E. coli and inability of hemA mutants to reduce nitrite. PMID- 7030315 TI - Nitrogenase of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Hydrazine is a product of azide reduction. AB - Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase reduced azide, at 30 degrees C and pH 6.8-8.2, to yield ammonia (NH3), dinitrogen (N2) and hydrazine (N2H4). Reduction of (15N = 14N = 14N)-followed by mass-spectrometric analysis showed that no new nitrogen nitrogen bonds were formed. During azide reduction, added 15N2H4 did not contribute 15N to NH3, indicating lack of equilibration between enzyme-bound intermediates giving rise to N2H4 and N2H4 in solution. When azide reduction to N2H4 was partially inhibited by 15N2, label appeared in NH3 but not in N2H4. Product balances combined with the labelling data indicate that azide is reduced according to the following equations: (formula: see text); N2 was a competitive inhibitor and CO a non-competitive inhibitor of azide reduction to N2H4. The percentage of total electron flux used for H2 evolution concomitant with azide reduction fell from 26% at pH 6.8 to 0% at pH 8.2. Pre-steady-state kinetic data suggest that N2H4 is formed by the cleavage of the alpha-beta nitrogen-nitrogen bond to bound azide to leave a nitride (= N) intermediate that subsequently yields NH3. PMID- 7030316 TI - Phosphatidylinositol metabolism in rat hepatocytes stimulated by vasopressin. AB - In isolated rat hepatocytes, vasopressin evoked a large increase in the incorporation of [32P]Pi into phosphatidylinositol, accompanied by smaller increases in the incorporation of [1-14C]oleate and [U-14C]glycerol. Incorporation of these precursors into the other major phospholipids was unchanged during vasopressin treatment. Vasopressin also promoted phosphatidylinositol breakdown in hepatocytes. Half-maximum effects on phosphatidylinositol breakdown and on phosphatidylinositol labelling occurred at about 5 nM-vasopressin, a concentration at which approximately half of the hepatic vasopressin receptors are occupied but which is much greater than is needed to produce half-maximal activation of glycogen phosphorylase. Insulin did not change the incorporation of [32P]Pi into the phospholipids of hepatocytes and it had no effect on the response to vasopressin. Although the incorporation of [32P]Pi into hepatocyte lipids was decreased when cells were incubated in a Ca2+ free medium, vasopressin still provoked a substantial stimulation of phosphatidylinositol labelling under these conditions. Studies with the antagonist [1-(beta-mercapto-beta, beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid),8 arginine]vasopressin indicated that the hepatic vasopressin receptors that control phosphatidylinositol metabolism are similar to those that mediate the vasopressor response in vivo. When prelabelled hepatocytes were stimulated for 5 min and then subjected to subcellular fractionation. The decrease in [3H]phosphatidylinositol content in each cell fraction with approximately in proportion to its original phosphatidylinositol content. This may be a consequence of phosphatidylinositol breakdown at a single site, followed by rapid phosphatidylinositol exchange between membranes leading to re-establishment of an equilibrium distribution. PMID- 7030317 TI - Alternative substrates for triacylglycerol synthesis in isolated adipocytes of different size from the rat. AB - The metabolic utilization of 14C-labelled acetate, pyruvate, lactate and glucose by isolated epididymal fat-cells was compared in two groups of rats fed ad libitum, one group young and lean (150-200 g body wt.), the other older and spontaneously obese (500-650 g body wt.). The influence of unlabelled glucose (6 mM) and insulin on substrate utilization by adipocytes was also studied. (1) Pyruvate and lactate were found to be good precursors for fatty-acid synthesis in small fat-cells, but not in larger fat-cells. On the other hand, lactate conversion into CO2 and the glycerol moiety of acylglycerols proceeded activity in both types of cells, and in some cases, it even exceeded the rates of glucose utilization. (2) The addition of glucose or glucose plus insulin, but not insulin alone, enhanced the metabolism of acetate, pyruvate and lactate in both types of fat-cells. (3) Fatty-acid synthesis de novo in large fat-cells was markedly decreased regardless of the substrate utilized. These findings point to lactate as a significant precursor for triacylglycerol synthesis in adipocytes. Furthermore, decreased fatty-acid synthesis de novo appears to be an acquired metabolic deficiency of enlarging adipocytes, independent of precursor substrate availability. PMID- 7030318 TI - Effect of carbon source on the accumulation of cytochrome P-450 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The appearance of cytochrome P-450 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae depended on the substrate supporting growth. Cytochrome P-450 was apparent in yeast cells grown on a strongly fermentable sugar such as D-glucose, D-fructose or sucrose. When yeast was grown on D-galactose, D-mannose or maltose, where fermentation and respiration occurred concomitantly, cytochrome P-450 was also formed. The cytochrome P-450 concentration was maximal at the beginning of the stationary phase of the culture. Thereafter the concentration decreased, reaching zero at a late-stationary phase. When the yeast was grown on a medium that contained lactose or pentoses (L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-ribose and D-xylose), cytochrome P-450 did not occur. When a non-fermentable energy source (glycerol, lactate or ethanol) was used, no cytochrome P-450 was detectable. Transfer of cells from D glucose medium to ethanol medium caused a slow disappearance of cytochrome P-450, although the amount of the haemoprotein still continued to increase in the control cultures. Cytochrome P-450 appeared thus to accumulate in conditions where the rate of growth was fast and fermentation occurred. Occurrence of this haemoprotein is not necessarily linked, however, with the repression of mitochondrial haemoprotein synthesis. PMID- 7030319 TI - Effects of lactation on L-leucine metabolism in the rat. Studies in vivo and in vitro. AB - 1. The turnover rate of L-[1-14C]leucine was increased by 35% in lactating rats compared with virgin rats. Starvation or removal of pups (24 h) returned the value to that of the virgin rat. 2. Incorporation of L-[U-14C]leucine into lipid and protein of mammary glands of lactating rats in vivo increased 7-fold and 6 fold respectively compared with glands of virgin rats. Lactation caused no change in the incorporation of L-[U-14C]leucine into hepatic lipid and protein. 3. The production of 14CO2 from L[l-14C]leucine (in the presence of glucose) was similar in isolated acini from glands of fed (chow) and starved lactating rats. Feeding with a 'cafeteria' diet caused a slight decrease, and removal of pups a large decrease, in the oxidative decarboxylation of leucine. 4. Oxidation of L-[2 14C]leucine to 14CO2 was increased about 3-fold in acini from starved lactating rats or lactating rats fed on a 'cafeteria' diet compared with rats fed on a chow diet. Insulin decreased the formation of 14CO2 in all three situations. 5. Incorporation of L-[U-14C]- and [2-14C]-leucine into lipid was decreased in acini from starved lactating rats and lactating rats fed on a 'cafeteria' diet. Insulin tended to increase the conversion of [2-14C]leucine into lipid, but this was significant only in the case of the acini from 'cafeteria'-fed rats. 6. Experiments with (-)-hydroxycitrate indicate that the major route for conversion of leucine carbon into lipid in acini is via citrate translocation from the mitochondria. 7. The physiological implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7030320 TI - Insulin inhibition of alpha-adrenergic actions in liver. AB - The effects of insulin on alpha-agonist (phenylephrine)- and [Arg8]vasopressin induced Ca2+ and glucose release and mitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes in isolated perfused rat livers were examined. Insulin (6 nM) inhibited the ability of phenylephrine (1 and 0.5 microM) to elicit Ca2+ and glucose release, whereas it was without effect on vasopressin (10 and 2.5 nM) actions. Correspondingly, insulin inhibited the action of phenylephrine to induce a stable increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, but it did not affect the alteration caused by vasopressin. Phenylephrine and vasopressin caused transient increases in hepatocyte respiration. Insulin inhibited the effect of phenylephrine on this parameter, but not that of vasopressin. Insulin added alone did not alter any of the above parameters. It is concluded from these data that insulin does not alter cellular Ca2+ fluxes and respiration themselves, but selectively inhibits alpha adrenergic stimulation of these processes. It is proposed that insulin acts either to inhibit binding of alpha-agonists to their specific plasma-membrane receptors or to alter generation and/or degradation of the putative alpha adrenergic 'second messenger'. If this latter possibility is the case, then the alpha-adrenergic 'second messenger' must be different from the 'second messenger' of vasopressin. PMID- 7030321 TI - Novel NADP-linked alcohol--aldehyde/ketone oxidoreductase in thermophilic ethanologenic bacteria. AB - An NADP-specific alcohol--aldehyde/ketone oxidoreductase was detected in cell extracts of Thermoanaerobium brockii and Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum, but not in Thermobacteroides acetoethylicus or Clostridium thermocellum. The enzyme was purified from Ta. brockii by differential procedures that included heat treatment and an affinity-chromatography step on Blue Dextran--Sepharose. The 44 fold-purified enzyme displayed one band (mol.wt. approx. 40000) after sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The enzyme had a broad substrate specificity that included linear and branched primary alcohols, linear and cyclic secondary alcohols, linear and cyclic ketones, and acetaldehyde. The NADP-specific alcohol--aldehyde/ketone oxidoreductase was considerably more active towards secondary alcohols than towards other substrates. The enzyme had remarkable stability to heating at 86 degrees C for 70 min, but was rapidly denatured on boiling. Secondary-alcohol dehydrogenase activity displayed a noticeable inflexion point at 50 degrees C in Arrhenius plots and a high Q10 value (greater than 2.0). The enzyme was inactivated by the thiol-blocking reagent p-chloromercuribenzoate, but was not significantly inhibited by common metal-ion-binding agents. The NADP-linked alcohol--aldehyde/ketone oxidoreductase of Ta. brockii appears to have properties distinct from those of previously described primary- and secondary-alcohol dehydrogenases. PMID- 7030322 TI - Characterization of human muscle myosins with respect to the light chains. AB - Isolated myosins from human predominantly fast and slow muscles, human neonatal and foetal muscle were examined for light chain composition by one- and two dimensional electrophoresis. The LC1F, LC2F and LC3F light chains were identical with their counterparts from rabbit fast myosin. Human LC1S was identified by correlative criteria as a single component having a molecular weight slightly lower than, but an electric charge similar to, that of rabbit LC1Sb. Consequently, human LC1S appears to be much less heterogeneous relative to LC1F than is the case with other mammalian species. A high immunological cross reactivity was likewise observed, with antibody specific to rabbit LC1F, between the isolated myosins from several human mixed muscles and rabbit fast myosin, though reactivity was highest with foetal myosin (having a pure-fast-light-chain pattern). PMID- 7030323 TI - The effect of insulin on plasma-membrane and mitochondrial-membrane potentials in isolated fat-cells. AB - 1. A recently developed technique for the measurement of plasma-membrane and mitochondrial-membrane potentials in intact cells by using the distribution of 86Rb+ and [3H]methyltriphenylphosphonium+ has enabled us to characterize a novel insulin effect on fat-cell mitochondria. For control cells the plasma-membrane and mitochondrial-membrane potentials were 75 mV and 152 mV respectively. Insulin (10 mu units/ml) caused a 9 mV hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane and a 19 mV depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. 2. The insulin-dependent mitochondrial depolarization was observed at physiological insulin concentrations (10 mu units/ml) and was apparent when the cells metabolized a wide variety of substrates. 3. Evidence from the uptake of the weak acid 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine 2,4-dione by fat-cells was interpreted as indicating that the mitochondrial pH gradient was increased by insulin. 4. Insulin alters the balance between the electrical and pH-gradient components that form the mitochondrial protonmotive force. A model is proposed. PMID- 7030324 TI - Identification of the AraE transport protein of Escherichia coli. AB - 1. Two arabinose-inducible proteins are detected in membrane preparations from strains of Escherichia coli containing arabinose-H+ (or fucose-H+) transport activity; one protein has an apparent subunit relative molecular mass (Mr) of 36 000-37 000 and the other has Mr 27 000. 2. An araE deletion mutant was isolated and characterized; it has lost arabinose-H+ symport activity and the arabinose inducible protein of Mr 36 000, but not the protein of Mr 27 000. 3. An araE+ specialized transducing phage was characterized and used to re-introduce the araE+ gene into the deletion strain, a procedure that restores both arabinose-H+ symport activity and the protein of Mr 36,000. 4. N-Ethylmaleimide inhibits arabinose transport and partially inhibits arabinose-H+ symport activity. 5. N Ethylmaleimide modifies an arabinose-inducible protein of Mr 36 000-38 000, and arabinose protects the protein against the reagent. 6. These observations identify an arabinose-transport protein of Escherichia coli as the product of the araE+ gene. 7. The protein was recognized as a single spot staining with Coomassie Blue after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7030325 TI - Antibody-mediated targeting of alpha-1,4-glucosidase-albumin polymers to rat hepatocytes. A model for enzyme therapy. AB - Chemically cross-linking alpha-1,4-glucosidase, homologous albumin and antibody (immunoglobulin G, IgG) molecules raised against isolated rat hepatocytes yields an active and stable soluble enzyme-polymer complex of mol.wt. approx. 10(6). After intravenous injection, the 125I-labelled complex is seen to be preferentially associated with hepatocytes when compared with labelled free alpha 1,4-glucosidase, enzyme-albumin polymers without IgG or polymer linked to a non specific IgG molecule, all of which are associated to a much larger extent with the Kupffer cells. The procedure offers several advantages for targeting of enzymes to specific tissues and cells and for the possible lowering of hepatocyte glycogen content in Type II glycogenesis (Pompe's disease). PMID- 7030326 TI - Guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate inhibits the in vitro synthesis of beta lactamase from pBR322 DNA. PMID- 7030327 TI - Rat testis immunoreactive LH-RH differs structurally from hypothalamic LH-RH. PMID- 7030328 TI - Replacement of the B protein requirement of the E. coli quinolinate synthetase system by chemically-generated iminoaspartate. PMID- 7030329 TI - Identical 110,000 dalton phosphoproteins in nuclei and polyribosomes of a rapidly growing rat hepatoma. PMID- 7030330 TI - A multicatalytic protease complex from pituitary that forms enkephalin and enkephalin containing peptides. PMID- 7030331 TI - Peptidoglycan synthetic enzyme activities of highly purified penicillin-binding protein 3 in Escherichia coli: a septum-forming reaction sequence. PMID- 7030332 TI - Production of antibodies that inhibit the binding of insulin to its receptor. PMID- 7030333 TI - Occurrence of a kinetoplast DNA-protein complex in Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 7030334 TI - Cysteine and growth inhibition of Escherichia coli: derepression of the ilvGEDA operon. PMID- 7030335 TI - Effect of insulin on acetylcholinesterase activity. PMID- 7030336 TI - Effect of E. coli endotoxin on the structure-function of fatty acid synthetase lipoprotein. PMID- 7030337 TI - A mutation affecting the valine sensitivity of the acetohydroxyacid synthase III isoenzyme in E. coli K-12. PMID- 7030338 TI - Evidence for the synchronous replication of mitochondrial DNA during the yeast cell cycle. PMID- 7030339 TI - The inhibition of eucaryotic protein synthesis by procaryotic elongation factor Tu. PMID- 7030340 TI - Membrane bound pituitary metalloendopeptidase: apparent identity to enkephalinase. PMID- 7030341 TI - Differential effect of neomycin on DNA dependent -DNA and RNA synthesis in vitro. PMID- 7030342 TI - Proteinase involvement in the solubilization of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. PMID- 7030343 TI - Tris (hydroxmethyl) aminomethane permits the expression of insulin-induced receptor loss in isolated rat adipocytes. PMID- 7030344 TI - Purification of the two complementary subunits of ribonucleotide reductase from calf thymus. PMID- 7030345 TI - Insulin stimulates the release from liver plasma membranes of a chemical modulator of pyruvate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7030346 TI - Rapid down regulation of insulin receptors in adipocytes artifact of the incubation buffer. PMID- 7030347 TI - Complementing S-peptide as modulator in enzyme immunoassay. PMID- 7030348 TI - Effects of glucose and fructose on conjugation of p-nitrophenol in hepatocytes of normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. PMID- 7030349 TI - Lack of inhibition of human renin by human des-angiotensin I renin substrate. PMID- 7030350 TI - Inhibition of growth rate of Escherichia coli induced by extremely low-frequency weak magnetic fields. AB - Cultures of Escherichia coli kept at 0 degree C in a phosphate buffer solution were exposed to a sinusoidal weak 60- or 600-Hz magnetic field of strength 2 X 10(-3) Tesla. A decrease of more than 40% in bacterial count was observed after a 60-h exposure to the magnetic field. Electron micrographs of exposed bacteria show ruptured cell walls, possibly due to the breaking away of flagella under the influence of the sinusoidally varying electromotive force. PMID- 7030351 TI - Contributions of Louis Gross. PMID- 7030352 TI - Localization of IgM in plasma cells in the iris of a patient with iridocyclitis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7030353 TI - Subcorneal pustular dermatosis and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7030354 TI - Clinical evaluation of GABA in the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders. Multi center double-blind study in comparison with pyrithioxine and placebo. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of GABA was compared with pyrithioxine and placebo in 432 patients with cerebrovascular disorders by a multi-center (50 hospitals) double-blind clinical trial. 12 tablets (3 g) of GABA and 3 tablets (600 mg) of pyrithioxine were given daily for 8 weeks. Subjective complaints, neurological and psychiatric findings, activity of daily living were checked at the 4th and 8th weeks after medication. The global improvement rates in GABA-treated groups were 59% and 70% each after 4 and 8 weeks of medication, and were significantly superior to the other two groups. Especially on cerebral arteriosclerosis GABA was more effective than the other two drugs, with statistical significance. As for improvement rates of symptoms there were significant differences between GABA and the other two drugs in subjective complaints and in psychiatric findings. The incidence of side effects was 5%, 20% and 8% in GABA, pyrithioxine and placebo, respectively. The incidence of abnormal laboratory data was 2% (3 cases), 8% (11 cases) and 4% (6 cases), respectively. Those in GABA group were transient and restored to normal values after the trial. It is concluded from these results that GABA is safe and effective in the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders. PMID- 7030355 TI - Determination of amezinium in body fluids. AB - Possible approaches to the determination in body fluids of 4-amino-6-methoxy-1 phenyl-pyridazinium methyl sulfate (ameziniummetilsulfate, LU 1631, Regulton), in this study briefly called amezinium, are investigated and the methods developed on the basis of results obtained in pilot experiments described. These methods, which are primarily based on radioactive tracer techniques, allow both labelled and unlabelled amezinium to be determined in urine, bile, blood, and plasma in concentrations down to about 2 n/ml. Relative standard deviations of 0.5%-9% and 96-102% accuracy are obtained. Advantages and disadvantages of individual methods for various types of samples are discussed. PMID- 7030356 TI - A synopsis of the therapeutic trials of amezinium. PMID- 7030357 TI - Studies on the mechanism of BCG activation for immunotherapy. PMID- 7030358 TI - [Serological tests and the diagnosis of infectious diseases]. PMID- 7030359 TI - Antitoxoplasma antibodies in mothers in labour and their newborn children. AB - A serological investigation on antitoxoplasma antibodies of women in labour and their newborn babies was carried out on a population sample representative of a defined geographical area. The relevant findings revealed: a) high titer antibodies in 21.2% of parturient-newborn pairs; b) slight or non-apparent toxoplasma infection, limited to 2.4% of newborns with high titer antibodies; c) quick drop of antibody titer in two thirds of seropositive women in labour observed 90 days from childbirth; d) a steady proportion of seronegative pregnant women - 40% ca. - detected in all age groups from 20 and 40 years and over. These findings are discussed, and assumptions on their meaning are put forward. PMID- 7030360 TI - A new complement fixation test for toxoplasmosis. Comparison with other serological methods. AB - A new complement fixation test for toxoplasmosis has been compared with the classical test indirect immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and indirect haemoagglutination test (IHAT). Neither false positive or negative results were obtained with LBCF-H100-TTE. Notably these values correlate well with IFA titers. Furthermore LBCF-H100-TTE shows the highest titers in acute cases and its time course is practically superimposable to IFAT. The differences obtained performing these different tests on the preferential detection of different antigen antibodies systems by these 3 tests are discussed. PMID- 7030361 TI - E.L.I.S.A. (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for diagnosis of human hydatid disease. PMID- 7030362 TI - [Quantitative standardization of the ELISA method in human hydatidosis]. PMID- 7030363 TI - Serum migration-inhibitory activity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. AB - Using an unidirectional leucocyte migration-inhibition (LMI) assay, we investigated the migration-inhibitory activity (LIF) in the sera of 25 infants who developed bronchiolitis following respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Blood samples for serum-LIF activity detection were obtained from patients the day after admission and two weeks later. The LMI assay revealed serum-LIF activity in 17 (68%) blood samples taken during the acute phase of the disease. In contrast, no inhibition was found in the convalescent blood samples with the exception of 5 (20%). This difference was statistically significant (chi2 = 9.82; P less than 0.005). As positive serum-LIF test is a good in vitro correlate of cell-mediated immunity, our results suggest that cell-mediated hypersensitivity reactions occur during the clinical course of RSV bronchiolitis. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that alterations of RSV specific cell-mediated immune mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of this illness. PMID- 7030364 TI - Survival of Salmonellae typhimurium and enteritidis in two different types of sterile soil. PMID- 7030365 TI - Insulin degradation in human erythrocyte. Effects of reduced glutathione on insulin degradation by hemolysate. AB - In this study the Authors have evaluated the effects of reduced glutathione on insulin-degrading activity of hemolysate. The GSH increases, in a manner proportional to its concentration, the insulin degradation and this effect is due to the increase the Vmax of the same enzymatic system responsible of insulin degradation observed in absence of exogenous glutathione. PMID- 7030366 TI - Insulin degradation in human erythrocyte. Effects of reduced glutathione on insulin degradation by membrane fractions. AB - In this study the Authors have evaluated the effects of reduced glutathione on insulin-degrading activity of erythrocyte membrane fractions. The GSH increases, in a manner proportional to its concentration, the insulin degradation by intact membranes, solubilized proteins and membranes treated with Triton X-100. The net increase of degradation is greater for intact and extracted membranes than for solubilized proteins. These data suggest that in human erythrocyte membrane exists an enzymatic system GSH-dependent for insulin degradation and that this system is only partially solubilized by Triton X-100 treatment. PMID- 7030367 TI - [An enzymatic method for the determination of Hg++ content]. AB - An enzymatic method for determination of Hg++ concentration is suggested. This method is based on the strong inhibitory effect of Hg++ on alcoholdehydrogenase (ADH). A correlation between per cent inhibition of ADH and [Hg++]/[ADH] was found. It was possible to determine [Hg++] in a range of values of [Hg++]/[ADH] from 1,58 to 72. A minimum Hg++ concentration of 3,3 X 10(-9) M was dosed. PMID- 7030368 TI - Marginal leakage associated with four inlay cementing materials. An in vitro comparison. PMID- 7030369 TI - Royal Army Dental Corps diamond jubilee (1921-1981). PMID- 7030370 TI - A method of strengthening aluminous porcelain jacket crowns. PMID- 7030371 TI - Effects of drugs on sodium metabolism. PMID- 7030372 TI - Penbutolol or hydrochlorothiazide once a day in hypertension. A controlled study with home measurements. AB - 1 The hypotensive effect of single daily dosing with 80 mg penbutolol was compared to 100 mg hydrochlorothiazide and placebo in a double-blind cross-over controlled trial with daily home measurements in ten hypertensive patients. 2 Penbutolol, 80 mg once a day, reduced significantly the supine and standing blood pressure. 3 This hypotensive effect was more potent than hydrochlorothiazide 100 mg particularly in the evening. 4 The hypotensive effect remained for 24 h as shown by the evening (14 h after dose) and morning (24 h after dose) blood pressure readings. 5 No relevant subjective or physical side effects were recorded. There was no significant change nor individual noticeable variation in biochemical data during penbutolol treatment. However, during hydrochlorothiazide treatment, the expected electrolyte changes were observed (symptom-free hypokalemia and hyperuricemia). 6 Penbutolol serum concentration showed no cumulation after one month of treatment. 7 Sudden withdrawal of penbutolol after 1 month of therapy resulted in a slow return to baseline blood pressures over a 2 week period without rebound. PMID- 7030373 TI - The combination of nifedipine and propranolol in the management of patients with angina pectoris. AB - 1 A double-blind cross over study was carried out to assess the effects of the combination of nifedipine and propranolol in 25 patients with chronic stable angina pectoris at beta-adrenoceptor blockade. 2 Efficacy was judged objectively by a standardized exercise protocol using a bicycle ergometer and subjectively by patient assessment of anginal attack rate. 3 The combination of nifedipine and propranolol was shown to be effective with an increase in exercise time to angina and an increase in physical work capacity expressed in terms of calculated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). There was an associated reduction in anginal attack rate. 4 The synergistic effect was even more pronounced after reduction in propranolol dosage to 50% of the beta-adrenoceptor blocking dose, reflecting the myocardial depressant effects of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs in these patients with coronary heart disease, some of whom had poor left ventricular function. PMID- 7030374 TI - Assessment of urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol as an in vivo index of mixed function oxygenase activity. PMID- 7030375 TI - A beta blocker-thiazide combination in the treatment of hypertension in diabetics. PMID- 7030376 TI - A placebo controlled trial of Tenavoid in the management of the premenstrual syndrome. PMID- 7030377 TI - Whither short-course chemotherapy? PMID- 7030378 TI - Treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. PMID- 7030379 TI - Prostacyclin-like, and kallikrein activity of amniotic fluid in pre-eclampsia. AB - Amniotic fluid from patients with pre-eclampsia was compared with samples obtained from normotensive controls with respect to the inhibiting effect on platelet aggregation (PGI2-like activity) and activating effect on the plasma kallikrein assay and Russell's viper venom test. After 39 weeks gestation, amniotic fluid from pre-eclamptic patients showed significantly less PGI2-like activity ( p less than 0.01) and significantly lower kallikrein levels (p less than 0.01) than that from normotensive controls. The study suggests that the biosynthesis and release of PGI2-like activity and kallikrein may be impaired in pre-eclampsia. In view of the association of pre-eclampsia with intravascular clotting, the highly significant reduction of PGI2-like activity seems important and appears to warrant a clinical trial of prostacyclin administration in this disorder. PMID- 7030380 TI - Treatment of skeletal class II deformity by mandibular osteotomy and bone grafting. PMID- 7030381 TI - Reversible inactivation of Escherichia coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase by covalent attachment of formylmethionine tRNA to the tRNA binding site with a cleavable cross-linker. AB - Protein affinity labeling groups have been attached to single-stranded cytidine residues in four structural regions of tRNAfMet. Modification of the tRNA with an average of one cross-linking group per molecule is achieved with retention of 75% of the original methionine acceptor activity. Incubation of the modified tRNA with methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) results in covalent coupling of the protein and nucleic acid by reaction of N-hydroxysuccinimide ester groups attached to the tRNA with lysine residues in the enzyme. In the presence of excess MetRS, approximately 30% of the input tRNA can be covalently bound to protein, indicating that lysine residues are appropriately oriented for reaction with cross-linking groups attached to certain sites in the tRNA but not to others. The cross-linking reaction results in loss of aminoacylation activity of MetRS equal to the amount of covalently bound tRNA. Enzyme activity is restored by release of bound tRNA following cleavage of the disulfide bond of the cross linker with a sulfhydryl reagent. The data indicate that cross-linking occurs at the tRNA binding site of the enzyme. In the presence of excess modified tRNAfMet, a maximum of 1 mol of tRNA is cross-linked per mol of MetRS, in keeping with the known anticooperative tRNA binding properties of the native dimeric synthetase. In addition, the coupling reaction is effectively inhibited by unmodified tRNAfMet, but not by noncognate tRNAs. PMID- 7030382 TI - Synthesis of a nitrobenzeneboronic acid substituted polyacrylamide and its use in purifying isoaccepting transfer ribonucleic acids. AB - Highly purified isoaccepting species of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) were prepared by use of a polyacrylamide substituted with nitrobenzeneboronic acid functional groups. This method exploits the well-known ability of boronic acids to complex with RNA cis-diols. tRNA isoacceptors were obtained by enzymatically acylating a mixture of tRNA species with a single amino acid and passing the mixture over a solid-state nitrobenzeneboronic acid at pH 6.5 or 7.0. Pure aminoacyl-tRNA eluted at the column liquid volume, and unacylated tRNA species were bound. The bound species were recovered by lowering the pH of the eluant to 4.5. This procedure is uncomplicated, rapid, and applicable to nearly all tRNA isoacceptors. It does not chemically modify the tRNA(s) of interest or adversely affect their ability to be aminoacylated. Since boronic acids must be ionized to complex with cis-1,2-diols, boronic acid derivatives were prepared which ionize at a pH compatible with the stability of the aminoacyl bond. Two isomeric benzeneboronic acids with pKas of 6.8 and 7.4 were synthesized by introducing electron-withdrawing nitro groups into the aromatic ring. The addition of succinyl side chains permitted the nitrobenzeneboronic acids to be coupled to aminoethylpolyacrylamide. The properties of the nitrobenzeneboronic acid substituted acrylamide were illustrated by enriching phenylalanyl-tRNA at pH 7.0 to greater than 95% purity (1.63 nmol of phenylalanine accepted per A260 unit of tRNA) and seryl-tRNA isoacceptors at pH 6.5 to essentially theoretical purity (1.58 nmol of serine accepted per A260 unit of tRNA. PMID- 7030383 TI - lac Repressor: a proton magnetic resonance look at the deoxyribonucleic acid binding fragment. AB - The DNA binding fragment from Escherichia coli lac repressor, the N-terminal 56 amino acid residue "headpiece", has been examined by high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy at 360 MHz. The aromatic region has been examined in detail along with the four headpieces of altered repressors that are each missing one of the tyrosines, respectively. The spectra here show more resolved resonances and correct errors in the resonance assignments that have been published by Ribeiro et al. (1981b) Ribeiro, A. A., Wemmer, D., Bray, R. P., Wade-Jardetzky, N. G., & Jardetzky, O. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 818-823]. These corrections allow an interpretation of the spectroscopic observations that is now consistent with the extensive genetic analysis that has been carried out with the lac repressor gene. In addition, nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements give a guide to the interresidue distances among the aromatic residues in this protein fragment. PMID- 7030384 TI - Unfolding of lac repressor and its proteolytic fragment by urea: headpieces stabilize the core within lac repressor. AB - Circular dichroism measurements were used to compared the urea-induced unfolding transition of the lac repressor with those of its separated tryptic fragments, the tetrameric core, and the N-terminal headpiece. The presence of the headpieces covalently linked to the core in the intact repressor leads to a stabilization against urea denaturation as compared to that for the isolated core. This results in a shift of the midpoint of the transition by about 0.5 M urea. When the inducer isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside is bound, the core is stabilized more than the entire repressor. The isolated headpiece is considerably more stable against urea denaturation than the tryptic core or the lac repressor. The reversible denaturation process of the headpiece was quantitatively analyzed, and the free energy of unfolding in the absence of urea was found to be 2.4 or 2.9 kcal/mol, depending on the method of calculation used. Comparison between the circular dichroism spectra of the lac repressor, the tryptic core of the lac repressor, and the headpiece supply further evidence that there are no major conformational differences between the structural domains (core and headpieces) before and after proteolytic cleavage of the lac repressor. These results are discussed with respect to the contacts between the different domains of the protein. It is concluded that relatively weak interdomain contacts are probably responsible for the stabilization of the core by the covalently linked headpieces and that these contacts might be weakened upon binding of the inducer. PMID- 7030385 TI - Thermal denaturation of streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor, subtilisin BPN', and the inhibitor-subtilisin complex. AB - The thermal unfolding of the microbial proteinase inhibitor Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI) [Sato, S., & Murao, S. (1973) Agric, Biol. Chem. 37, 1067-1074), the bacterial proteinase subtilisin BPN' (EC 3.4.21.14), and the complex formed by these two proteins has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal denaturation of SSI at pH 7.00 is fully reversible while those of subtilisin BPN' and its complex with SSI are not. The DSC data show that dimeric SSI remains dimeric as the temperature is raised until it unfolds and that it then dissociates during the unfolding process. The apparent specific heat of denatured SSI decreases rapidly with increasing temperature, a behavior not previously observed for proteins. The shape of the DSC curves observed with the enzyme-inhibitor complex suggests that the two components of the complex undergo their unfolding transitions more or less independently. The enthalpies of unfolding of mixtures of enzyme and inhibitor in various molar ratios indicate a substantially large enthalph of interaction than that deduced from fluorescence titrations (Uehara, Y., Tonomura, B., & Hiromi, K. (1978) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 84, 1195-1202). PMID- 7030386 TI - Nonrandom substitution of 2-aminopurine for adenine during deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in vitro. AB - The incorporation of the deoxyribonucleotide of 2-aminopurine [(AP)] for deoxyadenylate into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in vitro has been examined by using five highly purified DNA polymerases: calf thymus polymerase alpha, Escherichia coli polymerase I, and the polymerases induced by T4 phage mutant L56 (mutator phenotype), wild-type T4 phage, and T4 phage mutant L141 (antimutator phenotype). On a template of gapped salmon sperm DNA, the overall incorporation of (AP) relative to the incorporation of adenine decreases in this series of enzymes, in line with the increasing 3'-exonucleolytic activity associated with these polymerases. The nearest-neighbor distributions for (AP) and for adenine in the newly synthesized DNA were determined to test for potential sequence selectivity in the incorporation of (AP). In polymerizations in which d(AP)TP fully replaced dATP, the L141 polymerase, and to a lesser degree the wild type T4 polymerase, synthesized a DNA in which the distribution for (AP) was distinctly skewed compared to the nearest-neighbor distribution observed for adenine; incorporation of (AP) was relatively favored after guanine and disfavored after adenine and thymine. These sequence effects were less pronounced in syntheses in which both dATP and d(AP)TP were present. When dGTP was replaced by dITP, or dTTP by dUTP, adenine was still incorporated to the normal extent after the analogue, but the incorporation of (AP) was reduced after these analogues, which form weaker base pairs. The results indicate that incorporation of (AP) is disfavored with all polymerases tested and that a greater bias exists with those polymerases containing an active 3'-exonuclease. This bias against (AP) incorporation is alleviated after strong base pairs, and particularly following guanine, possibly due to stabilizing vertical stacking interactions. PMID- 7030387 TI - Spectroscopic studies of the nucleotide binding site of elongation factor Tu from Escherichia coli. An approach to characterizing the elementary steps of the elongation cycle of protein biosynthesis. PMID- 7030388 TI - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for the absence of a stable hydrogen bond between the active site aspartate and histidine residues of native subtilisins and for its presence in thiolsubtilisins. AB - The very low field proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) found in aqueous solutions of serine proteases and their zymogens is characteristic of the hydrogen bond between the imidazolium and aspartate groups of the catalytic triad: Ser-His-Asp [Robillard, G., & Shulman, R. G. (1972) J. Mol. Biol. 71, 507- 511]. According to 1H correlation NMR spectroscopic studies performed in 80/20 (v/v) H2O/2H2O, no such resonance is found in native subtilisins (even at -2 degrees C and pH 6.0), but it is present in thiolsubtilisins and in the phenylboronic acid derivatives of the serine enzymes. The resonance was not visible in the mercuric or carboxamidomethyl derivatives of the thiol enzymes or in the phenylboronic acid--serine enzyme complex if the serine enzyme was first acylated with phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride. The histidine at the catalytic site of thiolsubtilisin carries a positive charge between pH 5.6 and 8.4, in accord with previous data in favor of a mercaptide--imidazolium ion pair at the catalytic site. The charge distribution (- + -) at the active site of thiolsubtilisin and in the phenylboronic acid derivatives of the serine enzymes resembles that in the tetrahedral transition state formed between a serine enzyme and its substrate. Therefore, the stable hydrogen bond (found in the thiol enzyme and in the phenylboronic acid derivative of the serine enzyme) should be more important during catalysis than in the substrate-free enzyme. PMID- 7030389 TI - Assessment of the exposure and environments of tryptophanyl residues in ribosomal protein S1 by fluorescence quenching. PMID- 7030390 TI - Circular dichroism studies on the interaction of tryptophan synthase with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. AB - The interaction between the beta 2 subunit of tryptophan synthase and the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is characterized by induced circular dichroism (CD) in the near-UV (260-285 nm) and in the visible region (320-480 nm, extrinsic Cotton effect). Because of its high mean residue ellipticity ([theta] = 56 deg cm2 dmol-1 for the isolated holo-beta 2 subunit and 102 deg cm2 dmol-1 for the alpha 2-holo-beta 2 complex, respectively) the latter has been used to define different conformational states of the beta 2 dimer via CD titrations. Fitting the obtained binding parameters to the known data from equilibrium dialysis leads to the result that the low-affinity state of the isolated beta 2 subunit shows a 3 times greater rotational strength than the holoenzyme in the high-affinity state. The generation of the final CD amplitude is characterized by a rate constant intermediate between the values for the formation of the internal aldimine and for the regain of enzymatic activity. Interaction of the alpha 2-apo beta 2 bienzyme complex with the cofactor leads to a hyperbolic binding curve which is apparently free of contributions caused by unspecific PLP binding outside the active center. The determined dissociation constant of 9 x 10(-7) M is in good agreement with the value of 1 x 10(-6) M as obtained by equilibrium dialysis. Binding kinetics reveal a very slow process with a rate constant of 2.6 x 10(-4) s-1, significantly smaller than that for the regain of catalytic activity during reconstitution of the enzyme. PMID- 7030391 TI - Lactose carrier protein of Escherichia coli: interaction with galactosides and protons. PMID- 7030392 TI - In vivo assembly of newly synthesized histones. AB - Following a labeling period of 2 min, HeLa histones continue to accumulate in chromatin for 10 min, indicating the presence of a histone pool. During the accumulation period, H2A and H2B enter chromatin immediately, while entry of H3 and H4 is more prolonged. Association of newly synthesized core histones with chromatin does not necessarily indicate assembly. When 2-min [3H]lysine-labeled chromatin is exposed to 0.45 M NaCl, nearly half of the newly synthesized histones are dissociated, while mature core histones are stable. H2A and 70% of H2B are salt stable and remain with newly synthesized polynucleosomes. About 30% of H2B, 50% of H4, and all of H3 are salt labile; thus, both the new nucleosomal core histones and salt-labile new core histones are nonstoichiometric. Pulse labeled core histones are more trypsin-sensitive than mature histones. When the salt-labile, newly synthesized histones are removed, the remaining proteins have the same trypsin sensitivity as bulk core protein. Examination of the tryptic peptides indicated that the increased trypsin sensitivity was due to complete destruction of the loosely associated core histones which undergo a lag prior to assembly. The altered order of appearance of two peptides in stripped, newly assembled nucleosomes indicates that the conformation in these particles is different from that in mature chromatin. PMID- 7030393 TI - Direct determination of the protonation states of aspartic acid-102 and histidine 57 in the tetrahedral intermediate of the serine proteases: neutron structure of trypsin. AB - A neutron structure analysis at 2.2-A resolution has been performed on bovine trypsin covalently inhibited by a transition-state analogue, the monoisopropylphosphoryl (MIP) group. The unique ability of neutron diffraction to locate hydrogen atoms experimentally has allowed the determination of the protonation states of the catalytic site residues (Asp-102 and His-57). Since the bound MIP group mimics the tetrahedral intermediate structure, these correspond to the protonation states at the most crucial step of the hydrolysis. This has resolved a much debated mechanistic issue by showing conclusively that the catalytic base in the transition state of the reaction is His-57, not Asp-102. This finding has important implications for the understanding of the hydrolysis mechanism of the serine proteases. A detailed examination of the stereochemical interaction among the catalytic groups was also conducted to identify their individual roles in the mechanism. Besides functioning as the catalytic group, it was found that His-57 could effectively "steer" the attacking water toward the acyl group during deacylation. Other aspects of protein structure which are observable only by neutron diffraction analysis are also discussed. These include orientation of well-ordered amide side chains, which is made possible by the large scattering difference between nitrogen and oxygen atoms, location and orientation of water molecules, and hydrogen exchange properties of the protein. PMID- 7030394 TI - Physical characteristics of the reconstitution intermediates (RI30 and RI30*) from the 30S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli. AB - The isolated reconstitution intermediates (RI30 and RI30*) from the 30S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli were found to contain ten proteins. The sedimentation coefficients, diffusion coefficients, density increments, extinction coefficients, and molecular weights were determined for the reconstitution particles and compared with those obtained from the 16S rRNA under identical buffer conditions. The results show that the binding of the proteins on the 16S rRNA at 4 degrees C does not markedly affect the folding of the RNA molecule. However, upon heating the RI30 particle at 40 degrees C to form the RI30* particle, significant folding of the RNA took place, giving a structure considerably more compact than that of the 16S rRNA or the RI30 particle. PMID- 7030395 TI - Simian liver alcohol dehydrogenase: isolation and characterization of isoenzymes from Macaca mulatta. AB - Like human liver alcohol dehydrogenase, that of Macaca mulatta can be purified and separated into anodic and cathodic pyrazole-insensitive and cathodic pyrazole sensitive enzyme forms. Their inhibition by 4-methylpyrazole and their substrate specificities are analogous to those observed for the corresponding isoenzymes of human liver. However, on the basis of data available so far, the physiochemical and compositional characteristics, i.e., molecular weight, zinc content, and dimeric structure, of all simian alcohol dehydrogenase forms are virtually identical with those of other mammalian alcohol dehydrogenases studied up to now. Zinc is essential for their enzymatic function, as demonstrated by inhibition with chelating agents. PMID- 7030396 TI - The dynamics of myosin and actin in solution are compatible with the mechanical features of the cross-bridge hypothesis. PMID- 7030397 TI - The transport of NH3 and NH4+ across biological membranes. PMID- 7030398 TI - Monitoring of cellular metabolism by NMR. PMID- 7030399 TI - Identification of liver cell membrane galactoglycoproteins involved in the process of insulin binding. AB - The glycoproteinic nature of the insulin receptor was indicated using two different approaches: 1. [125I] insulin binding to soluble receptors from mouse liver was inhibited by digestion with beta-galactosidase or pretreatment with Ricinus communis I or concanavalin A. An other enzyme (neuraminidase) and lectins (wheat germ agglutinin, Dolichos biflorus) did not affect the binding reaction. These data confirmed that insulin directly interacts with the galactoglycoproteins of liver membranes. 2. The galactose oxidase-sodium boro[3H] hydride technique, previously used for labeling accessible membrane galactoglycoproteins, was again utilized to discern the components that interact with insulin. When liver membranes were equilibrated with 10-7 M insulin prior to labeling, the SDS gel radioactive profiles were specifically modified with two galactoglycoprotein of apparent molecular sizes 195 000 and 145 000, compatible with their participation in the insulin binding interaction. Membrane pretreatment with beta-galactosidase or Sophora japonica lectin reduced the labeling in most peaks, thus supporting the argument for labeling sensitivity. Preincubation of membranes with 10-7 M proinsulin slightly hindered labeling, while pretreatment with 10-7 M glucagon was ineffective, suggesting a specificity of the insulin effect. These data indicate that glycoprotein nature of the insulin receptor for two reasons: alteration of insulin binding after modification of the galactoglycoproteins, and alteration of galactoglycoprotein labeling after insulin binding. Two galactoglycoproteins, with apparent molecular weights 145 000 and 195 000, respectively, were identified and they are suggested to have insulin binding properties. PMID- 7030400 TI - Some properties of human blood monocyte cell lysate neutral proteinase(s). AB - The proteinase content of highly purified preparations of human peripheral blood monocytes was investigated. Monocyte cell lysates exhibited activity at neutral pH against azocasein, 3H-labelled elastin as well as several synthetic substrates used to detect serine proteinases (EC 3.4.21.-) of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The cell lysates also contain at least two acid proteinases. The levels of neutral proteinase activity in monocytes was considerably less than that found in polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The effect of inhibitors on the monocytes neutral proteinases showed them to be of the serine type. Monocytes also solubilized and degraded the type IV collagen found in human glomerular basement membrane at neutral and acid pH. The action of the monocyte proteinase on glomerular basement membrane indicated that their properties were similar but not identical to that of the polymorphonuclear leucocyte serine proteinases. Since monocytes infiltrate the glomerulus in certain forms of immunologically mediated glomerulonephritis, it may well be that monocyte serine proteinases make a contribution to the glomerular damage that occurs. PMID- 7030401 TI - Comparison of the essential arginine residue in Escherichia coli ornithine and aspartate transcarbamylases. PMID- 7030402 TI - Primary structure of an acidic ribosomal protein YPA1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isolation and characterization of peptides and the complete amino acid sequence. AB - The complete primary structure of an acidic ribosomal protein YPA1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined. YPA1 is composed of 110 amino acid residues and has the composition: Asp7, Asn2, Thr2, Ser9, Glu15, Gln2, Pro3, Gly15, Ala21, Val6, Met2, Ile4, Leu9, Tyr2, Phe3, Lys7 and Arg1. The molecular weight of YPA1 is 11,020. The amino acid sequence was determined by 4-N,N dimethylaminoazobenzene 4'-isothiocyanate degradation of the peptides obtained by digestions with trypsins, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, pepsin and Staphylococcus aureus protease of intact protein. A comparison of protein YPA1 from yeast with eL12 from Artemia salina shows a high sequence similarity. A considerable similarity is also shown with HL20 from Halobacterium cutirubrum. On the other hand, there is very little apparent sequence similarity between YPA1 and the eubacterial acidic protein L12 either from E. coli or B. subtilis. PMID- 7030403 TI - Proton NMR investigation of Ln3+ complexes of thymopoietin 32-36. AB - The pentapeptide Arg-Lys-Asp-Val-Tyr (TP5) is a biologically active fragment of thymopoietin, the thymic hormone that induces selective T-cell differentiation. The formation of lanthanide(III) complexes of TP5 is demonstrated through the observation of Tb3+ fluorescence enhancement. The equilibria, stoichiometry and solution conformation of the La3+, Pr3+ and Yb3+ complexes of TP5 have been investigated using NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the dissociation constants of two methyl ester analogs of TP5 have been studied. Evidence is presented supporting an interaction between the arginine guanidino N epsilon H and the aspartate carboxylate of TP5. Binding of Ln3+ appears to be accompanied by a disruption (or weakening) of this interaction and a concomitant increase in the 180 degrees rotamer population for the aspartate carboxylate group. The observed trends in the magnitudes of the dissociation constants and the rotamer populations appear to suggest that, although a significant amount of monodentate complexes may also exist, the metal ion binds predominantly to both carboxylates in a bidentate fashion. PMID- 7030404 TI - Fourier transform infrared absorption studies on the sulfhydryl groups in heavy meromyosin. AB - Infrared absorptions of heavy meromyosin solutions were studied in the frequency range of 2600 cm-1 to 1800 cm-1 with a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer. An absorption band characteristic of the stretching vibration of sulfhydryl groups was found at about 2565 cm-1. By comparison with the infrared absorption spectrum of a cysteine solution, the absorption band of sulfhydryl groups in heavy meromyosin showed that the absorption intensity is much stronger, the absorption peak shifts to a lower wavenumber and the width of the absorption band is much broadened. These results indicate that the sulfhydryl groups in heavy meromyosin are strongly hydrogen-bound. The additions of ATP and ADP increased the absorption intensity of the absorption band, suggesting the that hydrogen-bonded structure involving the sulfhydryl groups becomes more strengthened on the binding of ATP and ADP. This indicates that myosin heads change conformation around the sulfhydryl groups during ATP hydrolysis. PMID- 7030405 TI - Insulin binding and internalization in rat hepatocytes during prenatal and postnatal life. AB - Insulin binding to isolated rat hepatocytes was studied during prenatal and postnatal life. Results show that in hepatocytes isolated from prenatal, postnatal and adult rat there is a constant increase in the number of insulin binding sites per cell, whereas the affinity of plasma membrane receptors for the hormonal ligand remains unaltered from prenatal to adult hepatocytes. Autoradiographic studies indicate a greater internalization of hormone during prenatal life and, taking into account the increase of cell size, suggest an unchanged surface density of receptor sites before and after birth. PMID- 7030406 TI - Glucocorticoid regulation of two serine hydrolases in rat splenic lymphocytes in vitro. AB - A quantitative assay employing binding of [3H] diisopropylfluorophosphate ([3H]DFP) and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to measure serine hydrolases in cell-free extracts from rat splenic lymphocytes. After labeling with [3H]DFP at pH7, six major serine hydrolases are detected on 10% gels, having molecular weights of 78, 55, 34, 30, 28, and 17 (.10(-3)). When labeled at pH4, only four activities are measured, with Mr of 79, 55, 33 and 17(.10(-3)). Incubation of splenic lymphocytes for 8 h in vitro with 1 microM dexamethasone followed by [3H]-DFP labeling at pH 7 produces a 91% increase in the 17000 [3H]DFP. Hormone treatment for 8 h with subsequent labeling at pH 4 results in a 15% increase in the largest (78000) species, as well as 73% increase in the 17000 enzyme, compared with lysates from cells incubated without steroid. These effects are not observed after only 4 h of glucocorticoid exposure. Dexamethasone treatment for 8 h does not produce a decrease in any of these serine hydrolases, nor is there an apparent induction of new enzymes (i.e., having a molecular weight different from the preexisting species). Studies examining the effect of protease inhibitors on the [3H]DFP capacity of these proteins, show that the 17000 enzyme is sensitive to the protease inhibitor, pepstatin A, as well as the sulfhydryl reagents dithiothreitol and N-ethylmaleimide. These results suggest that this dexamethasone-responsive enzyme is a protease which requires a free thiol group for optimal activity. These findings are discussed with regard to the mechanism of glucocorticoid action in lymphocytes. PMID- 7030407 TI - Partial deproteinization of ribosomal subunits by treatment with high concentrations of sodium chloride: physical and chemical characterization of protein depleted particles. AB - Sedimentation of E. coli ribosomal subunits through sucrose gradients containing high concentrations of NaCl (0.1 - 1.0 M) brings about removal of a specific fraction of their proteins. The alterations in the structural properties of the subunits caused by dissociation of these proteins are studied. They appear to be, at least partly the result of removal of constraints on RNA conformation imposed by the released proteins. PMID- 7030408 TI - Effects of partial deproteinization on the functional properties of 50S ribosomal subunits of E. coli. AB - Sedimentation of E. coli 50S ribosomal subunits through sucrose gradients containing 10 mM Mg2+ and high concentrations of NaCl (0.1-1.0 M) leads to removal of proteins L16 and L25. Analyses of the structural and functional properties of the protein depleted particles shows that removal of L16 and L25 from the 50S subunit causes loss of its ability to bind tRNA, to associate with the 30S subunit and to catalyze peptide bond formation. Reassociation of both L16 and L25 with core particles lacking these proteins is necessary for recovery of peptidyl transferase activity. PMID- 7030409 TI - The regulation of eIF-2 function protein synthesis initiation. AB - The regulation of eIF-2 activity during protein synthesis initiation has been postulated to involve phosphorylation/dephosphorylation mechanisms and/or the participation of ancillary protein factors. Both mechanisms would affect directly the binding of initiator methionyl-tRNAi by eIF-2. Recent data concerning the phosphorylation state of eIF-2 in hemin-deficient lysates and other covalent modifications which alter the efficiency of eIF-2 utilization, however, suggest that modulation of eIF-2 activity is more complex, and involves alteration of its catalytic recycling. PMID- 7030410 TI - [Use of immobilization for investigation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Immobilized tetramers]. AB - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from yeast and rat skeletal muscle was covalently linked to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. When the activation was as high as 4-5 mg of CNBr per ml of Sepharose, the enzymes had their maximal activity and were linked to the carrier only by one of the four subunits. The specific activity of immobilized dehydrogenases makes up to 50-60% of that of soluble preparations, since the rate of the substrate diffusion into Sepharose granules is too low. The Km values for NAD and substrate and the pH dependence of the immobilized enzymes were determined. It was found that the enzymes used as adsorbents for isolation of specific antibodies reveal their maximal activity when CNBr concentration reaches 150-200 mg per ml of gel. No inhibition of activity of the immobilized dehydrogenase from yeast or stabilizing effect of antibodies on the enzyme structure were observed. PMID- 7030411 TI - [Cobalamins and tRNA methyltransferase activity in E. coli cells]. AB - The end of the logarithmic phase of growth of E. coli 113-3 cells in a mineral medium with methylcobalamin (MeCbl) occurs 60 minutes earlier than in the case of cells grown with cyancobalamin (CNCbl). Chromatography on a Sephadex - DEAE cellulose column of the 105 000xg fractions of cell-free extracts of the cells grown in the presence of MeCbl showed both quantitative and qualitative differences. The ability of individual protein fractions to transfer the 14CH3 groups from the Adomet to submethylated tRNA of E. coli K12W6 in the cells grown with MeCbl increases 1.5 - 3-fold in comparison with those grown with CNCbl. A chromatographic analysis of methylated bases of tRNA did not show any qualitative differences. In the presence of MeCbl the incorporation of the CH3-groups into m7G is increased by 50%. PMID- 7030412 TI - [Chitin formation by microscopic fungi. II. Chitin biosynthesis and its role in the cell wall of microscopic fungi]. PMID- 7030413 TI - Postimplantation abortion in pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) induced by strange males and pheromones of strange males. PMID- 7030414 TI - Dose response analysis of gnRH stimulation of hCG release from human term placenta. PMID- 7030415 TI - Uterine lysosomal cathepsin D activity, rate of synthesis, and immunohistochemical localization following initiation of decidualization in pseudopregnant rats. PMID- 7030416 TI - Influence of castration of the neonatal rat on the pharmacological reactivity of the isolated vas deferens. PMID- 7030417 TI - Inhibition of fertility and sperm-zona binding by antiserum to the rabbit sperm membrane autoantigen RSA-1. PMID- 7030418 TI - Macrophages in corpora lutea of mice: characterization and effects on steroid secretion. PMID- 7030419 TI - Genetic control of very early mammalian development. PMID- 7030420 TI - [Electron-probe X-ray microanalysis: techniques and recent applications in biology]. PMID- 7030421 TI - The molecular and cellular basis of preimplantation mouse development. PMID- 7030422 TI - Evidence that dimers remaining in preinduced Escherichia coli B/r Hcr+ become insensitive after DNA replication to the extract from Micrococcus luteus. AB - In Escherichia coli B/r Her+ irradiated with two separate fluences, dimer excision is prematurely interrupted. The present study was designed to follow tha fate of dimers remaining unexcised. The results imply that these dimers (or distortions containing dimers) are transformed on replication from the state of sensitivity to the state of insensitivity to endonuclease from Micrococcus luteus. This conclusion is based on the following findings: (a) dimers were radiochromatographically detectable in DNA replicated after UV, which indicated that they were tolerated on replication. (b) Similar amounts of dimers were detected radiochromatographically both in DNA remaining unreplicated and DNA twice replicated after UV, This along with the low transfer of parental label into daughter DNA, indicated that dimers remained in situ in parental chains. (c) Immediately after UV, all parental DNA contained numerous sites sensitive to the extract from M. luteus. 2 h after UV, a portion of parental DNA still contained a number of endonuclease-sensitive (Es) sites, while another portion of parental DNA and all daughter DNA were free of Es sites. (d) The occurrence of parental DNA free of Es sites was not temporally correlated with dimer excision, but with the first round of DNA replication. (e) The amount of DNA free of Es sites corresponded to the amount of replicated DNA. (f) Separation of replicated and unreplicated DNA, and detection of Es sites in both portions separately showed that the replicated DNA was almost free of Es sites, whereas unreplicated DNA contained a number of such sites. PMID- 7030423 TI - Semisynthesis and properties of some insulin analogs. PMID- 7030424 TI - Symposium on mass spectrometry: the search for zero. Dedication of the Joseph N. Damico Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and the celebration of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Food and Drug Administration, 15 October 1980. PMID- 7030425 TI - The search for zero. PMID- 7030426 TI - The history of mass spectrometry and the search for zero. PMID- 7030427 TI - The use of mass spectrometric data to predict biological activity. AB - The mass spectra of 75 analogs of trimethoprim were used in a study correlating mass spectrometric data with biological activity. Using pattern recognition techniques a correlation was obtained. Experiments to elaborate the basis of the correlation are described. PMID- 7030428 TI - The dynamic structures of proteins: short and long neurotoxins as examples. PMID- 7030429 TI - Current concepts of basement-membrane structure and function. PMID- 7030430 TI - In perfused rat hearts ischaemia promotes the reversible conversion of appreciable quantities of soluble adenine nucleotides to a stable trichloroacetic acid-precipitable form. AB - Radioactivity from [14C] adenosine was linearly incorporated into tissue nucleotides in perfused rat hearts. All the TCA-extractable 14C was confined to the purine nucleoside phosphates for up to 1 h of perfusion. Radioactivity was also incorporated linearly into the TCA-insoluble fraction, which by 40 min accounted for 24% of the tissue 14 C. Estimates based on precursor specific radioactivity suggest that at least 0.6 micro mol/g of the mononucleotide is in this stable insoluble form. Following 2 min total ischaemia, the tissue nucleotide content and soluble radioactivity decreased while the insoluble radioactivity showed a corresponding increase to account now for 35% of the tissue radiolabel. This redistribution was rapidly reversed by post-ischaemic reperfusion. A possible function for the rapid reversible sequestration of adenine nucleotides in ischaemia is proposed. PMID- 7030431 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against urokinase. AB - Hybridomas secreting antibodies against human urokinase have been produced by the cell-fusion technique (Kohler & Milstein, 1976). They belong to the IgG1 and IgG2 classes. Fixation and inhibition of the binding of 125 I-labelled urokinase, in radioimmunoassay, show that two of the monoclonal antibodies exhibit a high titer in ascitic fluids, a good sensitivity, and no cross reaction with other enzymes showing partial sequence homology with urokinase. Moreover, one of the monoclonal antibodies is able to inhibit the enzymatic activity of urokinase using a chromogenic substrate. PMID- 7030432 TI - The intracellular polymerization of sickle hemoglobin and its relevance to sickle cell disease. PMID- 7030433 TI - [Introduction to the study of embryonic stages in man]. AB - The internationally accepted Carnegie system of 23 developmental stages for the embryonic period proper (the first 8 post-ovulatory weeks) is outlined. At the end of this period the human embryo measures about 30 mm in C.-R. length. Some common misusages are noted, e.g., arabic numerals should be used for the states and the term "horizon" is obsolete; embryonic length is not a stage; STREETER's ages were based on the macaque and do not apply to the human. The introduction includes a discussion of the Carnegie Embryological Collection, the embryonic period, developmental stages, and finally a guide to embryonic staging in the human. An atlas of photographs of external views of embryos at the various Carnegie states is provided. Stages 1 to 8 (the presomite period, up to about 18 days) are described briefly and illustrated with photographs and photomicrographs. Stages 9 to 12 (the somitic period, about 20 to 26 days) and stages 13 to 23 (the postsomitic period, 4 to 8 post-ovulatory weeks) are summarized with reference to both external and internal development, and illustrated with photographs of the external appearances. In addition to (A) certain references cited in the introduction and in the text, the bibliography includes : (B) an annotated list of general works on staged human embryos, (C) an annotated list of selected examples of stages 1 to 15, and (D) an annotated list of references to information concerning staged embryos arranged according to the various systems of the body. PMID- 7030434 TI - Comparison of liquid-liquid extraction and resin adsorption for concentrating mutagens in Ames Salmonella/microsome assays on water. AB - The Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay (AMES et al. 1975) is a relatively simple, cheap and rapid test for mutagenic activity (GREIM et al. 1980, SOBELS 1980). Although there are uncertainties about the health implications of mutagens, the Ames test detects 85 to 93% of known chemical carcinogens and is considered an essential part of the minimal battery of bioassays required in studies on environmental compounds which may damage chromosomal material (GREIM et al. 1980, SOBELS 1980). Since water may play an important role in the transmission of environmental carcinogens, which are responsible for an estimated 50 to 90% of human cancer cases, the Ames test is being used to determine the incidence of potential carcinogens in water supplies and their removal or formation by water treatment processes (HOOPER et al. 1978, NESTMANN et al. 1979, RAPPAPORT et al. 1979, SAXENA & SCHWARTZ 1979, SCHWARTZ et al. 1979, DENKHAUS et al. 1980, GRABOW et al. 1980, LOPER 1980). In many waters, particularly drinking-water supplies, the concentration of mutagens is generally too low for direct detection by the Ames test, and a wide variety of methods are being used to concentrate mutagens from large volumes of water (HOOPER et al. 1978, NESTMANN et al. 1979, RAPPAPORT et al. 1979, SCHWARTZ et al. 1979, GRABOW et al. 1980, LOPER 1980, GRIMM-KIBALO et al. 1981). PMID- 7030435 TI - Depression of sperm counts among agricultural workers exposed to dibromochloropropane and ethylene dibromide. PMID- 7030436 TI - On the entire aspect of the enamel lamella in human tooth enamel examined by parallel grinding close to its location. PMID- 7030437 TI - [Academic eulogy for Prof. Alexander Haddow, Honorary foreign member. (1907 1976)]. PMID- 7030438 TI - [Hypertension and the arterial wall]. PMID- 7030439 TI - Parasitologic and immunologic diagnosis of American (mucocutaneous) leishmaniasis. PMID- 7030440 TI - Application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to the diagnosis of human hydatidosis. PMID- 7030441 TI - Malaria. PMID- 7030442 TI - Propranolol in schizophrenia. I. Comparison of propranolol, chlorpromazine and placebo. AB - Fifty-three hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients were treated with either propranolol, chlorpromazine or placebo in a double-blind randomized trials for up to three months. Propranolol in a usual dose of 640 mg/day, produced marked cardiovascular effects but no improvement in schizophrenic symptomatology relative to placebo. The effects of chlorpromazine were small and inconsistent. PMID- 7030443 TI - Propranolol in schizophrenia. II. Clinical and biochemical aspects of combining propranolol with chlorpromazine. AB - Ten hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients were given chlorpromazine alone and chlorpromazine plus high dose propranolol in two 7-week treatment periods according to a randomized crossover design. In the six patients who completed the whole study, plasma levels of chlorpromazine and chlorpromazine sulphoxide, total serum levels of neuroleptic and serum levels of prolactin were consistently and significantly elevated during treatment with chlorpromazine plus propranolol relative to levels during treatment with chlorpromazine alone. These effects are sufficient to explain previously reported clinical improvement in schizophrenic patients given propranolol in addition to neuroleptics. PMID- 7030444 TI - A trial of propranolol in chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 7030445 TI - Psychoanalysis. PMID- 7030446 TI - Psychiatric aspects of diabetes mellitus: diabetes and depression. PMID- 7030447 TI - Studies of depressive symptoms in schizophrenia. PMID- 7030448 TI - Self-report multiple mood instruments. AB - Some dozen mood measurement instruments are surveyed with an emphasis on multiplicity of mood measurement with applications reviewed under topic headings as follows: Mood scales, Group studies, Drugs and drug use, Alcohol and mood, Mood and smoking behaviour, Birth control and menstrual cycle, Mood and hypnotizability, Sleep and mood, Age, sex and mood, Mood and aesthetics, Mood state manipulation, Scale development and relationships, Recommendations. It is pointed out that any scale to be recommended to prospective users should (a) be relatively easy for self-administration, (b) have unambiguous scales, (c) be easy to score, (d) be quite short in administration time, (e) provide the maximum possible information. PMID- 7030449 TI - An assessment of intravenous urogram imaging using 100 mm and conventional films. AB - A clinical trial was designed to compare the amount of useful diagnostic information obtained from the ten-minute (24 x 30 cm) film of an IVU when using either indirect (100 mm) or conventional radiography. The films for 50 patients were independently examined by ten radiologists. Eight observers considered conventional radiography to be significantly better than indirect (100 mm) radiography, P less than 0.05, and two observers considered that there was no significant difference. Possible applications of indirect radiography are briefly described. PMID- 7030450 TI - Initial findings in the computer-aided diagnosis of cerebral tumours using CT scan results. AB - This paper describes the initial findings of computer-assisted diagnosis of cerebral tumours using Bayes' Theorem and CT scans. For various sets of signs, tables of accuracy and reliability have been constructed, and a computer versus radiologist analysis for three types of tumour has been made. Based only on the results of CT scans, the computer has produced diagnoses relatively quickly, and overall these are of reasonable accuracy when compared with the radiologists' reports. The worst results occurred in the prediction of meningiomas, the reasons for which will be examined in subsequent work. PMID- 7030451 TI - The importance of radiological monitoring after oesophageal intubation. PMID- 7030452 TI - Evidence for vagal involvement in the eating elicited by adrenergic stimulation of the paraventricular nucleus. AB - We examined the role of the vagus nerves in mediating the eating and preprandial drinking seen after injection of norepinephrine (NE) into the region of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus of satiated rats. Complete subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (confirmed by gastric secretion tests) abolished the NE-elicited eating response, whether the diet used was lab chow, milk, or a milk-chow misture, and attenuated, by 38%, the NE-elicited drinking response. These effects occurred independently of changes in body weight or daily food intake imposed by vagal surgery. The vagotomized rats retained the capacity to rapidly increase eating in response to food deprivation or insulin injection challenges, indicating that the effect of vagotomy on NE-induced eating was not due to some non-specific impairment. Efferent vagal blockade of intact rats with systemic injections of atropine methyl nitrate (0.4 mg/kg) prior to central NE infusions yielded similar results. Finally-selective section of the coeliac branch of the vagus produced a 49% reduction of NE, elicited eating, as compared with a 29% reduction in water intake, while selective section of the gastric plus hepatic vagal branches, leaving only the coeliac branch intact, did not significantly affect either ingestive response. Both of these selectively vagotomized groups displayed an unimpaired capacity to increase food intake in response to systemic insulin injections. These results suggest participation of efferent vagal mechanisms in the adrenergic feeding, and, to a lesser extent, drinking phenomena and are consistent with a particular role for some function under coeliac vagal control (perhaps insulin secretion) in modulating the effects of NE on feeding behavior. PMID- 7030453 TI - Oligodendrocytes of jimpy mice express galactosylceramide: an immunofluorescence study on brain sections and dissociated brain cell cultures. AB - Brain sections and dissociated brain cell cultures of jimpy mouse (jp) were investigated for the presence of galactosylceramide (GC) by indirect immunofluorescence. Optic nerve and corpus callosum sections of 26-day-old jp exhibited many GC-positive cells. The GC staining pattern was similar in jp and normal cultures of the same age. These data suggest that the previously observed decreased amount of GC in jp brain is due to the inability of jp oligodendroglia to properly deposit GC in the myelin, while its synthesis is possible. PMID- 7030454 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the central nervous system. I. The cerebellum. AB - The fine structure of the cerebellar cortex has been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The neuropil is revealed by careful tearing of aldehyde-fixed tissue specimens which are prepared by means of dehydration, critical point freeze-drying, and sputter-coating with gold-palladium. Specimens are subsequently viewed at magnifications of up to X 16,000 with capabilities for extension up to about X 40,000. The technique provides remarkable three dimensional views of neuropil including cell bodies and dendrites, details of presynaptic and postsynaptic morphology, axonal structure, neuroglia, and the microvasculature. It seems particularly powerful in demonstrating relationships between neuropil elements such as the terminal synaptic array on neuron somata and the arrangements of structures on membrane surfaces. PMID- 7030455 TI - Isolation and immunohistochemical localization of a "Purkinje cell specific glycoprotein subunit from rat cerebellum. AB - The indirect immunohistochemical method has been used to determine the cellular localization of a Con A-binding glycoprotein subunit insoluble in Triton X-100, isolated from a rat cerebellar membrane pellet by Con A-Sepharose affinity chromatography and preparative PAGE electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. This glycoprotein subunit (N-terminal amino acid Ala; MW 24,000 daltons) contains 24% carbohydrate (w/w) mainly mannose but also N acetylglucosamine, galactose and sialic acid. At the optical level, the antiserum raised against this glycoprotein stains the whole Purkinje cell (dendrite, cell body and even the axon) but not the other cerebellar neurons. This staining is not eliminated when the antiserum is absorbed by rat forebrain or brain stem homogenates but is, in contrast, completely abolished by absorption with rat cerebellum homogenates. Thus, this antigen appears to be in the central nervous system exclusive to the cerebellum, and in the cerebellum specific for Purkinje cells. This antigen is present throughout the postnatal development of the rat cerebellum and the staining is already very strong at the fifth postnatal day. PMID- 7030456 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of catechol-O-methyltransferase in circumventricular organs of the rat: potential variations in the blood-brain barrier to native catechols. AB - Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) was localized in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminals, subfornical organ, subcommissural organ and area postrema of rat brain using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. COMT immunofluorescence was apparent in neuroglia within the organum vasculosum and was most intense in the ependyma between this structure and the optic recess of the third ventricle. In both the subfornical organ and the area postrema, COMT was localized in a neuroglial network, but was noticeably absent in the ependymal layer. COMT immunofluorescence in the ependyma of the subcommissural organ was continuous with the more intense immunofluorescence of the cuboidal ependyma of the third ventricle. Each of the circumventricular organs studied, with the exception of the subcommissural organ, lies outside the blood-brain barrier. However, the unique pattern of COMT immunofluorescence in the area postrema and the subfornical organ suggests that these two structures, of all circumventricular organs, are most likely to permit the entry of peripherally circulating catechols to the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7030457 TI - The luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) neuronal networks of the guinea pig brain. III. The regulation of cyclic gonadotropin secretion. AB - The effects of selected CNS lesions on the ovulatory cycle as well as the distribution of LHRH terminals in the median eminence of the female guinea pig were examined. Radiofrequency lesions were placed in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) or suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Animals were studied for varying lengths of time (1-5 months) following lesion placement. The occurrence of at least two ovulatory cycles was determined by cyclicity in vaginal opening, the presence of viable corpora lutea and measurements of luteal phase elevations in serum progesterone. The distribution of LHRH immunoreactivity was determined by immunocytochemical procedures on Bouin's fixed, paraffin-embedded brain sections. Lesions of the MPOA or SCN resulted in different degrees of loss of LHRH fibers in the zona externa of the ventral and lateral aspects of the infundibular stalk as well as complete loss of terminals throughout the zona interna. Despite depletion of LHRH fibers, all animals with SCN (n = 8) and the majority with MPOA (4/6) lesions showed regular ovulatory cycles. Two females with MPOA lesions presented two different anovulatory syndromes. Anovulation appeared unrelated to the size or site of the lesions or in the degree of depletion of LHRH fibers in the infundibulum. It would appear that these brain areas and their LHRH projections are not essential for cyclic gonadotropic release. PMID- 7030458 TI - S-100 protein in the brain of hypothyroid adult rats: an immunochemical and immunocytochemical study. AB - The levels and the distribution of S-100 protein were studied in the brain of hypothyroid adult rats. The concentration of the protein was significantly increased in the soluble fraction of hypothyroid rat brain as compared with controls (P less than 0.001). This finding probably reflects the increased number of astroglial cells, which has been widely reported in hypothyroid adult rats. The immunocytochemical ultrastructural distribution of the protein in the cerebellar cortex was not affected by thyroid deficiency. The protein was thus confined to the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the astroglial cells both in treated and untreated rats. PMID- 7030459 TI - [Contribution to the treatment of climacteric syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030460 TI - [Contribution to the ultrastructural picture of adenoma of Langerhans'islet B cells of the pancreas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030461 TI - [Development of the Medical School of the Komensky University in Bratislava. 5. Mission of good will from Prague]. PMID- 7030462 TI - Simplified bleaching of discolored pulpless teeth. PMID- 7030463 TI - Root fracture management with calcium hydroxide therapy. PMID- 7030464 TI - Ocular immunology: a review (second of two parts). PMID- 7030465 TI - Treatment of acetaminophen poisoning. AB - Acetaminophen is an analgesic that is frequently used in Canada, and the occurrence of overdoses with this drug seems to be increasing. The most serious complication of acetaminophen overdose is hepatic failure. Because of pathophysiologic effects of acetaminophen poisoning and the mechanisms of its toxic effects are now better understood, a rational approach to treatment is possible. Several precursors of glutathione, acetylcysteine in particular, are effective in preventing liver damage if administered within 10 hours of acetaminophen ingestion. Plasma acetaminophen levels are a helpful guide to therapy. PMID- 7030466 TI - Outcome of renal transplantation in recipients with blood group A. PMID- 7030467 TI - Differential diagnostic problems in the radiologic evaluation of histiocytic lymphoma. AB - Medical records, pathologic records, an radiologic examinations of 112 patients with histiocytic lymphoma (HL) were reviewed. Peripheral lymph node enlargement was initially present in less than 50%, while HL presented as localized intraabdominal or intrathoracic lesions in 29% and 13%, respectively. Diagnostic problems encountered during the radiologic evaluation of patients with HL included the following: 1) Localized intraabdominal and intrathoracic lesions could mimic a variety of diseases, most often carcinoma. 2) Intercurrent (opportunistic) infections, which were commonly found in the lungs, and more rarely in the distal esophagus and bone, could easily be mistaken for HL manifestations. 3) Cytotoxic drugs and/or steroids produced pulmonary infiltrates, gastric ulcers, and collapsed vertebral bodies were often indistinguishable from an HL manifestation. 4) A second malignancy, found in 10% of patients either before or after HL was diagnosed, was difficult to differentiate from HL. 5) Aspiration biopsy of localized intraabdominal or intrathoracic HL under fluoroscopic control was unreliable in establishing the correct diagnosis. PMID- 7030468 TI - Case report of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the lacrimal glands demonstrated by computed tomography. AB - A case of bilateral lacrimal gland infiltration by diffuse, mixed histiocytic lymphocytic lymphoma demonstrated by computed tomography is reported. Non Hodgkin's lymphomatous involvement of the lacrimal gland is uncommon. Computed tomography provides precise delineation of perioccular neoplasia. PMID- 7030469 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as thyroid enlargement. AB - From 1969 to 1978, 11 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as thyroid enlargement were evaluated and treated in the Division of Radiation Therapy at Stanford University Hospital. All patients were staged with lymphangiogram and bone marrow biopsy. Eight patients had Stage I-II disease and three patients had Stage III-IV disease. The histologic pattern of the biopsies was diffuse in nine cases, and eight cases were classified as histiocytic lymphoma. All eight patients with Stage I or II disease were treated with irradiation. There is an 83.3% survival at three years and a 75% relapse-free survival at two years. No instance of local recurrence was observed in this group of patients. The three patients with Stage III or IV disease were treated by either irradiation or chemotherapy. Two relapsed within one year and died with disease; the third remained free of disease for nine years before relapse and died with disease six months later. High dose regional irradiation is the recommended treatment for patients with Stage I-II lymphoma of the thyroid. PMID- 7030470 TI - An enzyme immunoassay for the detection of human tumor nucleolar antigens. AB - An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed in which nuclear extracts were bound to the wells of polystyrene microtiter plates. The presence of various antigens in the extracts could be detected using antiserum raised against HeLa cell nucleoli. Normal human cell extracts, coupled to Sepharose as a solid phase absorbent, were used to remove antibodies directed against antigens present in normal cells, The resulting purified antibodies produced a linear EIA absorbance in the range of 100-500 ng tumor extract, but little EIA absorbance with nuclear extracts from human placenta and liver. PMID- 7030471 TI - Inhibition of spontaneous mutagenesis in yeast cultures by selenite, selenate and selenide. AB - Sodium selenite (1--15 mumol/plate) was found to completely suppress spontaneous mutagenesis at 2 independent loci in both wild (YO-300-IC) and mutator (mut 1-1, mut 2-2, mut 3-1, mut 4-1, mut 5-2, mut 6-1, mut 8-1, mut 9-1 and mut 10-1) isogenic strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The 2 loci which where studied were his 1-7, a missense mutation, and lys 1-1, a super-suppressible mutant of the amber variety. The degree of suppression of spontaneous reversion to prototrophy at these 2 loci depended on the concentration of sodium selenite present, the strain of yeast being studied, and the loci being studied. Greater concentrations of sodium selenite (up to 30-fold higher) were required to suppress the frequency of spontaneous reversion at the histidine locus compared to quantities necessary to elicit a similar inhibition of lysine spontaneous reversion rates. The 2 loci also responded differently to the presence of 2 other inorganic selenium derivatives. Spontaneous mutagenesis at the lysine locus for strain YO-800-1C (mu 1-1) was completely inhibited by sodium selenide at 3 mumol/plate with complete suppression of histidine reversion occurring at 30 mumol/plate. Sodium selenate suppressed the spontaneous mutagenesis at the lysine, but not the histidine locus. These results indicate that environmentally added components can have a significant effect on the genetically controlled predisposition of an organism to mutagenesis and suggest the complexity of such interactions. PMID- 7030472 TI - Mutagen production during pan-broiling compared with microwave irradiation of beef. AB - Segments of beef were cooked either by broiling on a hot plate or by irradiation at 2450 MHz in a microwave oven. Extracts of surface layers of the cooked meat were tested for mutagenic activity using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 with and without S-9 liver microsomal preparation. The broiled beef extracts with S-9 activation exhibited marked frame-shift mutagenicity, which increased with cooking time. No such activity was detected with beef cooked by microwave irradiation, with exposures ranging from normal to 3 times the normal cooking period. PMID- 7030473 TI - Polymorphic diffuse B-cell hyperplasias and lymphomas in renal transplant recipients. AB - The lymphoproliferative processes that developed in five renal transplant recipients were studied in an attempt to characterize and classify them morphologically. Nine surgical specimens, hematological material on all patients, and autopsy specimens from three patients were available. Studies performed included: conventional histopathology; evaluation of cell markers (immunoglobulins and sheep erythrocyte, complement, and Fc receptors) and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique); ultrastructural examination; and karyotype analysis. The lymphoid lesions in our patients shared marked cytological polymorphism (small and large cells, of both follicular center and "medullary" type) and polyclonal B-cell features, which indicated a common reactive nonneoplastic origin. However, other features, such as morphological atypia of the immunoblasts, extensive necrosis, chromosomal aberrations, and an incipient monoclonal component suggested the development of lymphoma in some of these lesions. In contradistinction, the abundance of typical immunoblasts was a feature that seemed to correlate with the clinical activity of the disease rather than with the biological malignancy. The multiplicity of B cell types and the presence of a follicular center cell component with diffuse distribution, as well as the extensive necrosis in the malignant forms, seem to differentiate morphologically the lymphoproliferative processes arising in transplant recipients from both the hyperplasias and the lymphomas developing in immunologically normal hosts. For the former, we propose the terms of "polymorphic diffuse B-cell hyperplasias" and "polymorphic B-cell lymphomas." PMID- 7030474 TI - Influence of microsomal and cytosolic fractions from rat, mouse, and hamster liver on the mutagenicity of dimethylnitrosamine in the Salmonella plate incorporation assay. AB - Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was mutagenic in the Salmonella plate incorporation assay (Ames test) at a level of 10 mumol/plate (3.7 mM) in the presence of hamster liver S-9. Mutagenicity of DMN at this level was not observed when the S 9 was derived from mouse or rat liver, although the mouse liver and hamster liver S-9 had similar DMN demethylase activities. Both mouse and rat liver S-9 inhibited the mutagenicity of DMN mediated by hamster liver S-9; the inhibitory factor was contained in the microsomal fraction. Mouse or rat liver microsomes did not inhibit the DMN demethylase activity of hamster liver S-9. The microsomal inhibitor from rat or mouse liver was stable at 60 but was inactivated at 70 degrees. DMN demethylase from both rat and mouse liver was inactivated at 60 degrees. Although the DMN demethylase activity of hamster liver S-9 was contained in the microsomal fraction, DMN mutagenesis under conditions of the assay required the presence of both microsomal and cytosolic (S-105) fractions; the cytosols from hamsters, mice, and rats were all effective. The cytosolic factor required for DMN mutagenesis was sensitive to trypsin and was not dialyzable. The presence of an inhibitor of DMN activation in rat and mouse microsomes may account for, or contribute to, the failure of liver S-9 preparations from these species to activate DMN to a mutagen under standard conditions of the Ames test. The requirement for the cytosolic fraction may indicate that DMN demethylase is not sufficient for the activation of DMN to a mutagen under the conditions used in these studies. PMID- 7030475 TI - Mutagenicity, tumorigenicity, and electrophilic reactivity of the stereoisomeric platinum(II) complexes of 1,2-diaminocyclohexane. AB - Without external activation, cis- and trans-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (DDP) and the cis, trans(-), and trans(+) forms of dichloro-1,2 diaminocyclohexaneplatinum(II) (DDCP) and sulfato-1,2 diaminocyclohexaneplatinum(II) (SHP) showed a 400-fold range of mutagenicity for Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98; they were 2 to 10 times more mutagenic for strain TA100 than for strain TA98. With strain TA100, trans-DDP was less than 0.5% as mutagenic as the cis isomer, which produced 180 revertants/nmol. For the diaminocyclohexane complexes, mutagenic activity was strongly dependent on the stereoisomer of the diaminocyclohexane in the complex. Thus, with strain TA100, the trans(+) forms of DDCP and SHP produced 220 and 66 revertants/nmol, respectively, while the cis and trans(-) isomers induced only 10 and 5% as many revertants as the trans(+) forms. The SHP complexes were the most reactive toward DNA and produced a greater reduction in the transforming activity of Bacillus subtilis DNA after 3-hr reaction times than did the DDP or DDCP complexes. With 20-hr reaction times, all of the platinum complexes showed similar extents of reaction with DNA and caused approximately equal losses of transforming activity. The stereoisomeric form of the diaminocyclohexane ligand of the DDCP or SHP complexes did not affect either the reactivity of the complex with DNA or its ability to reduce the transforming activity of DNA. Significant increases in the number of lung adenomas in A/J mice were induced by multiple i.p. injections of cis-DDP and each of the DDCP and SHP complexes (total doses, 21 to 108 mumol/kg body weight). Similar treatments with cis-DDP caused a significant increase in the number of skin papillomas in female CD-1 mice given promoting treatments with croton oil; the DDCP and SHP complexes had little or no activity in this system. At these levels, trans-DDP was not active for the induction of either lung adenomas or skin tumors. With the systems used for this study, the mutagenicities and tumorigenicities of the platinum(II) complexes did not correlate with their reported antitumor activities. Further studies appear warranted to determine whether there may be effective antitumor platinum(II) complexes that are not strongly mutagenic or carcinogenic. PMID- 7030476 TI - Roles of 2-haloethylene oxides and 2-haloacetaldehydes derived from vinyl bromide and vinyl chloride in irreversible binding to protein and DNA. AB - The metabolism of [1,2-14C]vinyl bromide (VBR) to products irreversibly bound to DNA and protein was examined in rat liver microsomes, reconstituted cytochrome P 450 systems, and isolated hepatocytes. A role for cytochrome P-450 was confirmed using inhibition and reconstitution experiments. The major form of cytochrome P 450 involved in VBR metabolism does not appear to be either of the major isozymes induced by phenobarbital or beta-naphthoflavone, as determined by induction, reconstitution, and antibody inhibition studies. 2-Bromoethylene oxide and 2 bromoacetaldehyde, suspected metabolites of VBR, were synthesized and found to be substrates for rat liver epoxide hydrolase and equine liver alcohol dehydrogenase, respectively. These enzymes were used to probe the roles of the two possible metabolites in the irreversible binding of products of VBR to protein and DNA. Alcohol dehydrogenase was more effective than epoxide hydrolase in inhibiting the binding of VBR metabolites to protein in microsomal incubations. Epoxide hydrolase was effective in inhibiting the binding of VBR or vinyl chloride metabolites to calf thymus DNA added to such systems, but alcohol dehydrogenase was not. Similar results were obtained for binding of VBR metabolites to DNA in a reconstituted enzyme system. Reduced glutathione blocked nonenzymatic binding of 2-bromo[1,2-14C]acetaldehyde to protein but not DNA. Binding of vinyl chloride and VBR metabolites to protein was blocked by reduced glutathione, but binding to DNA was not. These results are consistent with the view that 2-haloethylene oxides are the major alkylating agents bound to DNA, and 2-haloacetaldehydes are the major alkylating agents bound to protein in these experimental systems. Studies with labeled 2-bromoacetaldehyde indicate that the slow kinetics of DNA binding by this compound is responsible in part for this phenomenon. Studies with isolated rat hepatocytes suggest that a significant portion of the total and reactive metabolites are able to leave these cells. In these systems, binding of metabolites of vinyl chloride to DNA outside the hepatocytes could be partially blocked by epoxide hydrolase or by alcohol dehydrogenase, implying that, as target farther away from sources of reactive species are considered, the stabilities of these species become more important for reaction with nucleophilic sites. PMID- 7030477 TI - Differential response of premalignant epithelial cell classes to phorbol ester tumor promoters and to deoxycholic acid. AB - The effects of two agents, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and deoxycholic acid (DOC), which act as tumor promoters in the gastrointestinal epithelium of experimental animals, were compared using primary cultures of human premalignant colonic epithelial cells at different stages in tumor progression. Both DOC and TPA enhanced the size of the proliferative fraction in colonies of early-stage premalignant cells, with DOC providing more stimulation. TPA-treated intermediate- and late-stage premalignant cells elongated and then disrupted the monolayer by forming rills several cells in thickness and then multicellular clusters. This multilayering was reminiscent of the areas of carcinoma found within adenomas. DOC had no such effects on morphology. Cell clustering was concomitant with secretion of a protease with characteristics of a plasminogen activator. Premalignant cells secreted severalfold higher levels of protease in response to TPA than did either TPA-treated primary cultures of colonic adenocarcinomas or established colon carcinoma cell lines. These results suggest that (a) DOC and TPA act sequentially during tumor promotion and (b) cell clustering and protease release may be associated with the transition of premalignant epithelial cells to colonic carcinoma. PMID- 7030478 TI - Enhancement of N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene bacterial mutagenicity by the soluble protein fraction from rat liver and partial purification of the enhancement activity. AB - Bacterial mutagenesis from 2-aminofluorene mediated by washed rat liver microsomes was elevated 2- to 3-fold by addition of the hepatic soluble protein fraction. Enhancement was observed at 2-aminofluorene concentrations between 1 and 20 micrograms/assay but not at 30 to 50 micrograms/assay. The soluble protein fraction (without added microsomes) did not activate 2-aminofluorene for bacterial mutagenesis. However, mutagenesis by N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene or 2 nitrosofluorene was enhanced by the soluble protein fraction, but only when reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate was also present. On the basis of chemical assay, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced 2-nitrosofluorene to N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene and protected the hydroxylamine from oxidation, thus indicating that it was the mutagenicity of N hydroxy-2-aminofluorene (but not 2-nitrosofluorene) which was enhanced by the soluble protein fraction. Without the added soluble protein fraction, mutagenesis by N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene or 2-nitrosofluorene was unaffected by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. We succeeded in partially purifying a protein fraction with properties of the enhancement activity. The partially purified fraction, which represents a 14-fold increase in specific activity, was assigned a molecular weight of 33,500 by gel filtration through Sephadex G-100. This fraction was resolved into three components by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; the molecular weights of the three components were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel (10%) electrophoresis to be 33,000, 27,000, and 16,250. The mechanism of mutagenesis enhancement remains unknown. PMID- 7030479 TI - Clonal proliferation of cultured nonmalignant and malignant human breast epithelia. AB - We have developed a method for clonal growth of human mammary epithelial cells of both nonmalignant and malignant origin. Plating efficiencies of 1 to 50% were obtained by seeding second-passage mammary epithelial cells on fibroblast feeder layers in an enriched medium composed of various hormones and growth factors, as well as conditioned media from three specific human cell lines. Single mammary epithelial cells seeded sparsely onto the fibroblasts underwent at least eight population doublings to form large, readily visible colonies. Optimal colony formation required both feeder cells and the enriched medium. Epithelial colonies containing at least 16 cells were visible 5 days postseeding, and these colonies continued to grow progressively. Plating efficiency and colony size were similar on ultraviolet-irradiated or nonirradiated fibroblasts. The number of colonies formed was proportional to the number of epithelial cells plated. The colonies were identified as epithelial by the presence of human mammary epithelial antigens. PMID- 7030480 TI - Failure of estradiol immunofluorescence in MCF-7 breast cancer cells to detect estrogen receptors. AB - An indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to detect estradiol in MCF-7 breast cancer cells to determine if the estradiol-specific fluorescence observed represented estrogen receptor-bound estradiol. Appropriate controls were used to demonstrate the immunological specificity of our assay procedures. Initial studies of estradiol binding in MCF-7 cells were performed at 20 degrees for 1 hr with different concentrations of estradiol. Cytoplasmic and nuclear staining were observed following treatment with 10 nM estradiol, but not with lower concentrations which were nevertheless still sufficient to saturate estrogen receptor. The staining intensity increased with higher estradiol concentration, which is consistent with estradiol binding to lower-affinity binding sites. In order to further determine if estradiol binding by estrogen receptor was being detected, we pretreated MCF-7 cells with 5 nM diethylstilbestrol at 37 degrees for 1 hr to translocate all estrogen receptor to the nucleus and then administered estradiol at varying concentrations for 4 hr at 4 degrees. The estradiol was still primarily detected in the cytoplasm, although virtually all of the estrogen receptor was found to be present in the nucleus by standard [3H]estradiol binding assays. Additional immunochemical studies using sucrose gradient analysis to detect antibody-estradiol-receptor complexes clearly established that these complexes could not be detected. The present results suggest that, although immunocytochemical assays can specifically detect estradiol in MCF-7 cells, the estradiol is bound to lower-affinity binding sites rather than to estrogen receptor. Saturation analyses of intact viable MCF-7 cells performed at 37 degrees for 30 min using [3H]estradiol at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 93 nM revealed an additional lower-affinity estradiol-binding site besides the receptor, perhaps analogous to the Type II sites reported in the rat uterus and human breast cancers. PMID- 7030481 TI - The elusive goal: presidential address. AB - The advances in treatment of cancer which have taken place during the last 25 years are quite remarkable considering that therapists have had at their disposal only what has been called half-way technology. About 45% of serious cancers are now curable with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy or combined forms of these treatments, but prospects for developing curative therapy for the other half of cancer patients are not bright unless more selective forms of treatment can be developed. Recent advances in basic biology have opened doors to marvelous new research opportunities hardly imaginable a few years ago, and the time is opportune to make a concerted effort to develop more selective treatment. PMID- 7030482 TI - Separation and characterization of the neoplastic and stromal elements of the R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma. AB - The purification of the various types of cells in solid tumors is necessary for study of their biochemical and immunological functions. The R3230AC adenocarcinoma contains both a variety of stromal cells and well-differentiated neoplastic cells that possess many of the biosynthetic capabilities of normal rat mammary cells. Suspensions of cells from tumors weighing less than 1.2 g consisted of 70.4 +/- 7.2% (S.D.) malignant cells by morphology, 6.8 +/- 3.0% lymphocytes, 6.3 +/- 3.2% macrophages, 15.2 +/- 5.2% red blood cells, 0.8 +/- 0.5% granulocytes, and 0.5 +/- 0.6% unidentified cells. Sedimentation of the cells from the R3230AC tumor in a previously described isokinetic gradient resulted in a 5- to 6-fold purification of lymphocytes and macrophages. The modal fraction of malignant cells contained 95.3 +/- 2.9% malignant cells. Detection of alpha-lactalbumin by the direct peroxidase conjugate technique gave vacuolar staining of malignant cells, in contrast to the indirect and peroxidase antiperoxidase techniques which stained ducts from normal lactating mammary gland and a wide variety of cells without vacuoles in the tumor. The best fixative for frozen sections, paraffin-embedded tissue, and cell suspensions was 50% ethanol 50% acetone. The suspensions of tumor cells contained 14.4 +/- 9.4% cells with histochemically demonstrable alpha-lactalbumin. Squamous metaplasia was commonly observed in tumors than lactating rats. PMID- 7030483 TI - Basement membrane changes in breast cancer detected by immunohistochemical staining for laminin. AB - The distribution of the basement membrane glycoprotein laminin was studied by the immunoperoxidase technique in benign and malignant human breast tissue and in axillary lymph nodes from patients with breast cancer. An antiserum prepared against rat laminin was used. The specificity of this antiserum against human laminin was studied using the FL cell line of human epithelial-like cells derived from normal amniotic membrane. The antiserum reacted with these cells in immunoperoxidase staining and precipitated metabolically labeled secreted polypeptides which comigrated with polypeptides with molecular weights of 400,000 and 200,000 of rat laminin in sodium dodecyl sulfate:polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The neoplastic cells in malignant breast tissues showed strong cytoplasmic staining for laminin, and a positive reaction was aslo found in lymph node metastases. In some cases in which only micrometastases were present, these cells also stained strongly for laminin. In nonmalignant breast tissues, the epithelial cells of the duct were positive for laminin, but the staining was weaker than in the carcinomas. Pretreatment of the fixed tissue sections with trypsin markedly enhanced the staining of basement membranes for laminin. In trypsin-treated sections of normal breast tissue and benign lesions, the laminin staining delineated continuous basement membranes. In carcinomas representing the more differentiated types, basement membranes presumably produced by the tumor cells could be revealed by laminin staining, but they were thinner and discontinuous. The poorly differentiated carcinomas lacked organized basement membranes detectable by laminin staining. Our studies suggest that staining for laminin may be a useful adjunct test for detection of micrometatases in lymph nodes. The correlation of disintegration of the laminin-containing basement membranes of tumors with increasingly anaplastic appearance supports the notion that basement membranes may play a role in tumor invasion. PMID- 7030484 TI - Increased activity of a neutral protease in cytosol from rat hepatoma induced by N-2-fluorenylacetamide. AB - A protease active with N-alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide with an optimum pH of 7.3 has been found in the cytosol of rat liver. The activity of this protease increased in N-2-fluorenylacetamide-induced hepatoma as well as in fetal liver. It has been purified from normal liver and hepatoma about 200-fold. Its molecular weight is estimated by gel filtration to be about 200,000 in each tissue. The protease activity is unaffected by chymostatin, pepstatin, soybean trypsin inhibitor, and p-chloromercuribenzoate. Antipain, leupeptin, tosyl-L lysine chloromethyl ketone, and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride inhibit the protease activity. This protease appears to be a serine protease. PMID- 7030485 TI - The scientific basis for adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 7030486 TI - Experimental and clinical evaluation of cancer immunotherapeutics. PMID- 7030487 TI - Structural studies of the O-specific side-chain of the lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O 55. AB - The structure of the O-specific side-chains of the lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O 55 has been investigated, methylation analysis, specific degradations, and n.m.r. spectroscopy being the principal methods used. It is concluded that the O-specific side-chains are composed of pentasaccharide repeating-units having the following structure [where Col stands for colitose (3,6-dideoxy-L-xylo-hexose)].(See formula in text). PMID- 7030488 TI - A rheumatologist's view of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 7030489 TI - Treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia, types II and IV, with pirifibrate: one hundred observations. AB - A new drug, pirifibrate, was investigated in a multicenter study of 100 patients with type IIa, IIb, or IV hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP). After one month of dieting, patients completed six months of treatment with a dose of 1,500 mg/day of pirifibrate. An average fall of about 20% in plasma cholesterol was observed in type IIa and IIb HLP, and more than 50% in the triglycerides in type IIb and IV HLP. Both reductions were statistically significant (P less than 0.00005). Increases in the alpha-lipoproteins were observed in the three types of HLP. The pre-beta-lipoproteins showed a statistically significant fall in type IIb and IV HLP. Variations observed in beta-lipoproteins were significant only in some controls with type IV, HLP, who had low basal levels. PMID- 7030490 TI - Effect of NaF, TiF4 and APF solutions on root surfaces in vitro, with special reference to uptake of F. PMID- 7030491 TI - Effect of invert sugar on accumulation of Streptococcus mutans E49 on the teeth of rats. PMID- 7030492 TI - The place of the nurse in society. PMID- 7030493 TI - [Method for isolation of the immunosuppressive peptide fraction in human blood]. PMID- 7030494 TI - [Non-specifically positive TPHA test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030495 TI - [Priority of the discovery of specific immobilization of Treponema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030496 TI - [Tests for some enzymes of anaerobic glycolysis and pentose cycle in diseases of the pemphigus and pemphigoid types (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030497 TI - [Erythroderma ichthyosiforme congenitum (Brocq) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030498 TI - [Fetal respiratory movements]. PMID- 7030499 TI - [Role of the immune system in the regulation of ovarian function]. PMID- 7030500 TI - [Use of electrodense metals in transmission electron microscopy technology]. AB - Metalloboranes could serve perspectively as carriers of electrodense metals for electron microscopy, because they penetrate into tissues and are linked to them. The tested brominated cobaltacarborane anion, however, did not by far meet the demands of standard quality electronograms, as in combination with aldehyde fixation they give a low contrast of protein and nucleoprotein structures and contrary to osmium tetroxide they does not mark membrane lipids; it did not prove useful for contrasting of epoxide sections. The results, however, stimulate the seeking of more suitable boranes substituted with metals with a higher atomic number and a different molecular configuration. PMID- 7030501 TI - [Loopless fixed orthodontic appliances]. PMID- 7030502 TI - [Action of laser radiation on biological tissue and its use in medicine, especially in dentistry]. PMID- 7030503 TI - [New local anesthetic Ultracain]. PMID- 7030504 TI - [The 200th anniversary of the beginning of medical education in Olomouc (1782 1875)]. PMID- 7030505 TI - Effect of bridge heterologous combination on sensitivity in enzyme immunoassay for cortisol. PMID- 7030506 TI - [Experimental and clinical study of the use of an adhesive (Histoacryl-Blau) in intestinal anastomoses]. AB - Postoperative integrity of anastomoses in abdominal surgery is fundamental to secure a good result in reconstruction operations which involve the resection of several parts of the alimentary tract where afflicted by various pathologies. The Authors study this problem with an experimental work. These experiments illustrate the resistance of STPU stapler sutures and their capability to overcome pressures which are above physiological level; the application of histoacryl glue strengthens even more the sutured area increasing the level of pressure resistance. This procedure allows the patient to drink sooner and avoids the perforation of stomata which means a reduction of the patient's discomfort and a reduction of his confinement to bed. PMID- 7030507 TI - [7 cases of heterotopic pancreatic islands simulating gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7030508 TI - [The role of osteotomy in the treatment of gonarthrosis]. PMID- 7030509 TI - [Recurring anterior dislocation of the shoulder]. AB - The paper makes a pathogenetic study of habitual dislocation of the shoulder, an analysis of the surgical techniques most widely used, and a review of the case histories collected at the G. Pini Orthopaedic Hospital for patients operated by the Bankart-Delitala method. After a short introduction on the general features of the lesion, and on normal human anatomy, the paper sets out the pathological anatomy, aetiopathogenesis and the radiological and clinical picture. Lastly consideration is given to the most widely known and diffused procedures for treatment, divided into: --Operations on the anterior capsule and the glenoidal pad. --Arthroereisis operations. --Tendinous transposition operations. - Tendinous suspension operations. The case histories cover nineteen subjects treated by the Bankart-Delitala method and rechecked at a distance ranging from a year to six years after the date of the operation. Statistical data are presented on age, sex, side affected and final functional data. These results comprise fifteen perfect cases with total recovery of activity and absence of pain. Three cases reported occasional pain, and one a slight sensation of hindrance of movements. No fresh dislocation. The Authors conclude by stressing the complete efficacy of the Bankart-Delitala method, as regards both functional recovery and the capacity for preventing further dislocations. PMID- 7030510 TI - [Hypospadias : single stage repair (author's transl)]. AB - One stage hypospadias repair -- 66 cases. The authors used Devine and Horton's technique with some modifications : 1. If the meatus is located forward of the mid penile, a rectangular flap based on the urethral meatus is reflected anteriorly and sutured with the glans flap (Devine and Horton) but when the glans flap does not meet the hypospadic meatus a part of the new urethra, between the tip of the glans flap and the meatus, has a strip of skin as a roof, while the rest of the circumference is raw and unclosed. This strip will form a complete canal by epithelialization. 54 cases : 3 fistulas required further operation. 7 fistulas healed spontaneously, 2 meatal stenosis were treated by a single dilatation. The cosmetic result was excellent in 45 cases, good in 13 cases (the meatus remaining a little short of the tip of the penis). 2. Therefore the authors used a full-thickness skin graft tube only for the more posterior cases in which the meatus was behind the mid part of the penis. 9 cases : 1 good result - 8 fistulas. PMID- 7030511 TI - Domperidone as an antiemetic in paediatric oncology. AB - Domperidone was evaluated as an antiemetic in the control of nausea and vomiting associated with the administration of cytotoxic chemotherapy for various malignancies in a paediatric population. The results indicate that it is an effective agent for this purpose, control having been reasonable or good in 47 of 58 drug trials. The optimum dose would appear to be 0.7 mg/kg per dose. The only toxicity noted was of pain at the site of intravenous administration if domperidone was not adequately diluted. PMID- 7030512 TI - Is aldosterone secretion under dopaminergic control? PMID- 7030513 TI - Reversibility of diabetic cardiomyopathy with insulin in rats. AB - Diabetes appears to cause a cardiomyopathy independent of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and hypertension. Left ventricular papillary muscle function studies in rats made severely diabetic with streptozotocin have shown a slowing of relaxation and a depression of shortening velocity. However, the effects of insulin therapy on the myocardial mechanics of diabetic rats have not been studied. Therefore, rats diabetic for 6-10 weeks were treated with PZI insulin for 2, 6, 10, or 28 days and the mechanical performance of their left ventricular papillary muscles was compared to that of untreated diabetics and age matched controls; cardiac contractile protein enzymatic activity was also measured. Neither 2 nor 6 days of therapy had any effects on the depressed cardiac muscle performance of diabetic animals, although plasma glucose concentration was restored to normal. By 10 days of therapy, recovery of mechanical performance was nearly complete, and by 28 days of therapy, complete reversal of the altered myocardial mechanics was observed. Crystalline insulin added to the bath (9 mU/ml) had no effect on myocardial mechanics in either diabetics or controls. A gradual recovery of actomyosin and myosin ATPase activity in the hearts of insulin-treated diabetic animals was also found, complementing the mechanical studies. In addition to demonstrating a gradual but complete reversibility of the abnormalities in papillary muscle function in diabetic rats (although control of hyperglycemia was less than ideal), this study confirms that this model of a cardiomyopathy is not a result of streptozotocin induced cardiac toxicity. Additional data are provided indicating that depressed thyroid hormone levels in diabetic rats are not responsible for the mechanical changes observed. PMID- 7030514 TI - Myocardial composition and function in diabetes. The effects of chronic insulin use. AB - This study was undertaken in an animal model of mild diabetes to determine if provision of chronic insulin replacement during postprandial hyperglycemia may modify the abnormalities of myocardium. Group 1 served as controls with normal glucose tolerance by intravenous testing. Two additional groups were made diabetic with low doses of alloxan. Diabetic animals of Group 2 were untreated (n = 6). Group 3 animals (n = 6) received regular insulin daily to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia. After one year with maintained body weight, the animals were studied in the intact anesthetized state using the indicator dilution technique for left ventricular volume determinations. Basal left ventricular function and contractility were similar to normals in both diabetic groups. During intraventricular infusion of saline, end-diastolic pressure rose to higher levels in untreated diabetes (14.8 +/- 2 mm Hg) than normals (8.8 +/- 0.84), despite similar basal levels. Insulin treatment was associated with higher filling pressures than in group 1 as well as reduced end-diastolic volume response. Collagen concentrations were enhanced an average of 50% in layers from the inner to outer myocardium in both untreated and treated diabetics, associated with sodium and water accumulation. Since hypertrophy was not present, the diminished compliance appeared related to increased collagen levels. On electron microscopy, the subcellular organelles of the cardiac cell appeared normal in both diabetic groups. Thus, collagen accumulation and abnormal myocardial function in this model of diabetes is not affected by control of postprandial hyperglycemia, but a potential role for sustained hormone replacement is not excluded. PMID- 7030516 TI - Clinical trials. PMID- 7030515 TI - Harvey's 1651 perfusion of the pulmonary circulation of man. PMID- 7030518 TI - Calcium-entry blockers and vascular smooth muscle. AB - Calcium-entry blockers depress the myogenic activity and the responsiveness to vasoconstrictor stimuli of the smooth muscle cells of the precapillary vessels. Thus, they can reduce the afterload of the heart and have antihypertensive properties. Their inhibitory effect on the contractile responses of the vascular smooth muscle cells of large arteries also results in the reduction or the abolition of vasospastic episodes. By inhibiting the constrictor responses of the splanchnic capacitance vessels to the sympathetic nervous outflow, they reduce the preload of the heart. However, different calcium-entry blockers differ in their ability to affect different cardiovascular variables and in the onset and duration of their effect; they also have different degrees of tissue selectivity. This variability must reflect differences in pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. PMID- 7030517 TI - Highly localized in vivo measurement of myocardial perfusion with avalanche radiation detectors. PMID- 7030519 TI - The pathophysiology of angina pectoris and the effect of lidoflazine. AB - Angina pectoris results from a deficiency in myocardial oxygen supply. The rate pressure product is an important predictor of myocardial oxygen requirements in patients with ischemic heart disease and in normal persons. The rate-pressure product at the onset of angina pectoris is reproducible under a variety of circumstances with a suitable protocol. In some patients, coronary artery spasm may reduce myocardial blood flow and contribute to the development of angina pectoris. Lidoflazine is a synthetic drug that appears to be a calcium-entry blocker and results in symptomatic improvement in patients with angina pectoris. Lidoflazine reduces the exercising rate-pressure product by its effect on heart rate and by decreasing systemic vascular resistance. It decreases coronary vascular resistance and antagonizes processes leading to an increase in coronary vasomotor tone. PMID- 7030520 TI - Considerations in evaluating new antianginal drugs. AB - Diseases that cause symptoms incompletely relieved by available modes of treatment stimulate search for new therapies. Chronic disease processes, in which interventions are palliative rather than curative provide a particular challenge in determining the value of therapeutic intervention. Management of patients with angina pectoris is an example of this challenge. PMID- 7030521 TI - Internal sample attenuator counting (ISAC). A new technique for separating and measuring bound and free activity in radioimmunoassays. AB - I describe a new method for the separation and counting of bound and free activity in radioimmunoassays. Particles containing a radiation-absorbing (attenuating) material are added to the assay. They shield the radiation from either the antibody-bound or the free radioligand. This obviates such manipulations conventionally involved in the separation and counting steps of radioimmunoassays as centrifugation and decanting. Bismuth oxide is used as the attenuator. Particles with different properties are described. In one type, bismuth oxide is combined with active charcoal in an agarose matrix and serves as an adsorbant for the free radioligand. In another type bismuth oxide is trapped within a polyacrylamide matrix to which antibodies are coupled. This particle can be used with a first- or a second-antibody bound activity. Application of the technique is illustrated with radioimmunoassays for thyroxin, triiodothyronine, human choriogonadotropin, and lutropin (luteinizing hormone). PMID- 7030522 TI - Antibody selectivity of a quantitative immunochemical assay for serum lidocaine. PMID- 7030523 TI - Enzyme immunoassay of disopyramide in serum. AB - Disopyramide, an antiarrhythmic drug, was quantitated in serum by a commercially supplied enzyme immunoassay procedure. Replicate analyses of serum controls resulted in a within-assay coefficient of variation of less than or equal to 5% and a between-assay coefficient of variation of less than or equal to 7%. Regression analysis of 105 serum samples analyzed by this technique (y) and by gas chromatography (x) gave the equation y = 0.99x + 0.04 (r = 0.97). Clinical evaluation of the results indicates the enzyme immunoassay technique to be highly specific and sensitive for disopyramide. The selectivity of the assay vs other drugs has been determined. PMID- 7030524 TI - An enzyme immunoassay for serum tobramycin. AB - A heterogeneous enzyme immunoassay for serum tobramycin was developed using tobramycin-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate as the labelled antigen and 4 methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactoside as the fluorescence substrate. B/F separation was carried out using an immobilized second antibody, Immunobead. The minimal detectable level was 10 pg/tube or 0.2 microgram/ml of serum. Assay recovery was excellent and the intra-assay and inter-assay variances were 4.41% and 12.6%, respectively. The values from the enzyme immunoassay agreed well with those from radioimmunoassay and bioassay. This assay system is highly sensitive and can be easily applied to other drugs and hormones. PMID- 7030525 TI - Activity levels and properties of acid alpha-glucosidase from liver and neutral alpha-glucosidase from sera of cystic fibrosis patients and controls. AB - The average activity levels of acid alpha-glucosidase are comparable in liver supernatant fluids for 15 cystic fibrosis patients and 12 controls (401 +/- 131 and 347 +/- 109 nmol/h/mg protein, respectively) and no significant differences were found for the cystic fibrosis and control liver acid alpha-glucosidases in their (a) apparent Km values for the 4-methylumbelliferyl substrate (1.1 mmol/l), (b) pH optima (4.2) and thermostability curves and (c) isoelectric profiles (one form with an isoelectric point of 4.5 +/- 0.2). In contrast, average neutral alpha-glucosidase activity levels were significantly increased (p less than 0.0002) in sera from 21 cystic fibrosis patients compared to 15 controls (10.7 and 2.7 nmol/h/ml). This increased activity is not due to (a) different stability upon storage at --20 degrees C, (b) the presence of activators in cystic fibrosis sera or inhibitors in normal sera (as determined by mixing studies), (c) altered Km values or (d) altered pH optima curves. Cystic fibrosis serum neutral alpha glucosidase appears to be more thermostable and has a consistently altered isoelectric profile (greater percentage of activity above pI 4.8) when compared to the normal serum enzyme. This altered isoelectric composition may reflect changes in neutral alpha-glucosidase which contribute to its increased activity in cystic fibrosis sera. PMID- 7030526 TI - Sodium, potassium and age: possible determinants of plasma renin activity and aldosterone during childhood (age 4-16). AB - The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was studied in fifty healthy children aged 4-16 years under normal sodium and potassium intake. The plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone (PA) decreased with age: r = -0.30, P less than 0.05 for plasma renin activity and r = -0.33, P less than 0.05 for plasma aldosterone. Significant negative correlation was obtained between plasma renin activity and the 24-h urinary sodium excretion; r = -0.40, P less than 0.01. This relationship remained significant when the daily urinary sodium excretion was corrected for 1.73 m2 body surface area (BSA); r = -0.40, P less than 0.01. Using the multivariance analysis, plotting the plasma renin activity against the two combined parameters (24-h urinary sodium excretion and age), no improvement was obtained (r = 0.38, P greater than 0.05). This finding suggests that during childhood, sodium rather than age has a major modulatory role on plasma renin activity. With advancing age the plasma aldosterone showed a significant positive correlation coefficient with plasma renin activity(r = 0.29, P less than 0.05). Multivariance analysis between plasma aldosterone and the two combined parameters, Plasma renin activity and age, significantly improved the correlation coefficient (r = 0.42, P less than 0.05) suggesting that both plasma renin activity and age play a dominant modulatory role in the control of plasma aldosterone during childhood. Neither 24-h urinary sodium excretion, nor 24-h urinary potassium excretion, improved the multiple correlation coefficient with plasma aldosterone when added to plasma renin activity and age. PMID- 7030528 TI - Studies on oestrogen stimulated neurophysin in women with anovulation. PMID- 7030527 TI - Studies on the responses of plasma renin activity and aldosterone and cortisol levels to dopaminergic and opiate stimuli in man. AB - Evidence for a role of dopamine and endogenous opioids in the control of the secretion of renin and adrenal steroids was sought in man. The effects of L-dopa, L-dopa plus carbidopa, dopamine, domperidone and naloxone were studied on the renin and aldosterone responses to head-up tilt. L-dopa diminished the rise in renin following tilt and this effect of L-dopa was abolished by carbidopa. Aldosterone was not significantly affected by any of the compounds. Cortisol secretion was stimulated by carbidopa plus L-dopa more than L-dopa alone, and was also increased by both dopamine and naloxone. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7030529 TI - Cold urticaria with vasculitis: report of a case with light and electron microscopic, immunofluorescence and pharmacological studies. PMID- 7030530 TI - The role of sunlight in the aetiology of cutaneous malignant melanoma. PMID- 7030531 TI - Relation between HLA-DR-like antigens and secretory component (SC) in jejunal epithelium of patients with coeliac disease or dermatitis herpetiformis. AB - HLA-DR-like antigens and secretory component (SC) were localized immunohistochemically in adjacent tissue sections of ethanol-fixed paraffin embedded jejunal mucosa from control subjects and patients with coeliac disease (CD) or dermatitis herpetiformis (DH). HLA-DR-like antigens were found in a patchy distribution apically in the columnar epithelial cells facing the gut lumen and in the upper part of the crypt epithelium. The staining pattern was similar in controls and patients with CD or DH. SC was normally most abundant in the crypt epithelium but the concentration of SC in the surface epithelium increased with increasing villous atrophy both in CD and DH patients. Despite this sign of immaturity, the surface cells retained their capacity to express HLA DR-like antigens in the pathological mucosa. PMID- 7030532 TI - Ageing and immunity in outbred NMRI mice: lack of correlation between age-related decline of the response to T cell mitogens, the antibody response to a T dependent antigen and lifespan in outbred NMRI mice. AB - Responses to different mitogens and the primary in vitro antibody response to a T dependent antigen (SRBC) were tested in individual mice of various ages from an outbred strain (NMRI). Comparing mean values, an age-related decrease was found only for the responses to Con A and PHA but not for LPS nor for the primary in vitro antibody response to SRBC. The magnitude of the responses obtained in individual mice of the same age varied greatly. Some of the young as well as aged animals could respond very well to antigen, mitogen or both and there was a complete lack of correlation between the magnitude of individual responses to mitogen and the number of PFC produced in the in vitro antibody response to SRBC. Additionally, we investigated whether the magnitude of the immune responses measured in individual mice had any influence on their lifespan. The mitogen response and the in vitro PFC production of spleen cells from individual semi splenectomized mice were therefore compared with their lifespan. The lifespan did not appear to be influenced by any of the immune responses measured. PMID- 7030533 TI - Expression of Leishmania antigen on the surface membrane of infected human macrophages in vitro. AB - Resolution of leishmaniasis is associated with host immunological responsiveness to parasite antigens. In clinical disease, leishmania are found as amastigotes contained with macrophages. We investigated the possibility that Leishmania antigens are expressed on the infected macrophage surface by reacting infected macrophages with antibody to Leishmania. In vitro-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages were labelled with antibody to amastigotes when examined with immunofluorescent or immunoelectron microscopic techniques. Infected macrophages were poorly labelled by antibody to promastigotes (insect forms of Leishmania). Certain antisera that reacted with the surface membranes of amastigotes did not label the infected macrophage surface. These results indicate that human macrophages infected in vitro express Leishmania amastigote antigen(s) on their surface membranes, that such antigen(s) may not be present in large quantities in promastigotes, and that certain antigen(s) on the amastigote surface are not expressed on the surface membranes of infected macrophages. PMID- 7030534 TI - The haemolytic antibody isotope release (HAIR) assay: an efficient alternative technique to conventional plaque assays. AB - The haemolytic antibody isotope release (HAIR) assay quantitates antibody production by splenic antibody-producing cells by lysis of chromium-51-labelled sheep red blood cells. The amount of antibody quantitated by the HAIR assay directly correlates with the number of antibody-producing cells measured by a conventional plaque assay. The HAIR assay is an easy, sensitive, and reproducible technique that is especially useful when large numbers of animals are required for testing. PMID- 7030535 TI - Antibodies to Escherichia coli and serum immunoglobulin levels in epileptics on long-term anticonvulsant therapy. AB - Antibodies to 11 different Escherichia coli (E. coli) serotypes were determined by indirect haemagglutination in 53 epileptics treated with diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and in 53 matched controls. Agglutinins were found more often and at higher titres in epileptics (83 . 4%) than in controls (51 . 7%) (P less than 0 . 05). No correlation between the occurrence of E. coli agglutinins and the serum concentration or clearance of DPH, or abnormal biochemical liver tests could be established. E. coli antibodies were predominantly of the IgM classes, and the percentage of positive reactions was slightly, but not significantly, higher in epileptics with elevated serum IgM (88 . 2%) than in those with normal IgM (83 . 1%) (0 . 20 greater than P greater than 0 . 10). The increased incidence of E. coli agglutinins could not be explained by a low serum IgA concentration which may suggest an impaired secretory immune function. The incidences of positive reactions in epileptics with subnormal (less than 37 mg/100 ml), normal (37-285 mg/100 ml) and elevated (greater than 285 mg/100 ml) serum IgA values were 73 . 7, 84 . 7 and 93 . 7% respectively (0 . 01 greater than P greater than 0 . 001). It is suggested that DPH can both suppress and stimulate the humoral immune response in humans, and that genetic or acquired factors may be of importance for the development of modified immune responses. PMID- 7030536 TI - Role of macrophages in T lymphocyte response to Candida allergen in man with special reference to HLA-D and DR. AB - Activation of naturally sensitized human T lymphocytes to Candida allergen was studied using three HLA-D and DR heterozygote Japanese cells (Dw1.DR1/DYT.DR4, Dw12.DR2/DYT.DR4, DYT.DR4/DEn.DR blank) and four HLA-D and DR homozygote cells (Dw1.DR1, Dw12.DR2, DYT.DR4, DEn.DR blank). In vitro activation of T lymphocytes to Candida allergen was found to require the presence of autologous or allogeneic compatible HLA-Dw1.DR1 and Dw12.DR2 macrophages. PMID- 7030537 TI - Cyclosporin A applied topically to the recipient eye inhibits corneal graft rejection. AB - Corneal graft survival in rabbits was significantly (P less than 0 . 001) prolonged by topical treatment to the recipient eye with cyclosporin A 1% in arachis oil applied five times daily for 4 weeks. No graft was rejected whilst treatment was maintained but all grafts subsequently underwent rejection by the 64th postoperative day. All animals in a simultaneous control group in this fully masked study developed allograft reactions by the 23rd day. No local or systemic side-effects attributable to cyclosporin A were observed. It is believed that this is the first report of inhibition of an allograft reaction by cyclosporin A applied topically. PMID- 7030538 TI - Serum and blister fluid immune complexes in bullous pemphigoid: detection with C1q and monoclonal rheumatoid factor. AB - Eighty serum samples and 24 blister fluids from 51 patients with active bullous pemphigoid were tested for the presence of immune complexes by both a monoclonal rheumatoid factor (mRF) inhibition radioassay and a C1q-binding radioassay. Forty two of the 80 serum samples were positive by the mRF assay, while 27 were positive by the C1q-binding assay. Antibody titres to the basement membrane zone did not correlate with levels of circulating immune complexes. Thirteen of 24 blister fluids had detectable immune complexes by the C1q assay, while only seven of 24 blister fluids were positive by the mRF assay. Sucrose density-gradient ultracentrifugation studies suggest that the mRF- and C1q-reactive substances in both bullous pemphigoid sera and blister fluids are of a size compatible with immune complexes. Although immune complexes are detectable in a high percentage of bullous pemphigoid patients, their role in this disease may be epiphenomenal rather than pathogenetic, merely reflecting the presence of autoantibody and soluble antigen. PMID- 7030539 TI - Organ-specific IgM autoantibodies to liver, heart and brain in man: generalized occurrence and possible functional significance in normal individuals, and studies in patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - In this paper we use a sensitive, 125I-anti-immunoglobulin-binding assay, recently adapted for use with tissue homogenates as targets, to demonstrate autoantibodies to brain, liver and heart in the sera of normal persons. Quantitative absorption analyses demonstrated that the autoantigens detected were in each case organ-specific, and the brain autoantigen was shown to be present in equal amounts on cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter and cerebellar cortex. The autoantibodies were shown to be IgM in nature by gel filtration studies and experiments where IgM was reduced to monomers, and were found to bind equally well at 4, 20 and 37 degrees C. Cross-reactions with brain, liver and heart of rat and dog were unpredictable and usually weak. Parallel studies with kidney homogenates failed to detect anti-kidney autoantibodies, but immunofluorescence studies on frozen sections revealed large amounts of immunoglobulin in normal kidneys, mainly on glomerular and tubular basement membranes, raising the possibility that autoantibodies to kidney are present but that the autoantigen sites are situated in vivo. Sera from patients with multiple sclerosis were indistinguishable from normal sera in their binding to brain homogenate, and CSF from five patients with multiple sclerosis did not bind at all to brain homogenate. The theoretical and practical significance of multiple IgM autoantibodies in normal persons, and the organ specificity of the autoantibodies, is discussed. PMID- 7030540 TI - Surface-reactive antibodies to human adrenal cells in Addison's disease. AB - Organ-specific surface-reactive antibodies to viable human adrenal cell suspensions from adult or fetal glands were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) in 24 out of 28 idiopathic Addison's disease sera with adrenal cytoplasmic antibodies. Cell-surface reactions were also present in nine out of 10 cases of polyendocrine autoimmune disorders without overt adrenal failure but possessing adrenal cytoplasmic antibodies. None of 18 Addisonian patients, 25 cases with other autoimmune disorders and 10 normal individuals, all negative for adrenal cytoplasmic antibodies, showed positive surface reactions on viable cells. When the surface IFL was done on established monolayers, the positive sera gave variable staining suggesting that more than one antigen may be expressed under different conditions. These results suggest that adrenal-specific 'microsomal' antigens are also represented on the plasma membrane, and support the hypothesis that organ-specific autoantibodies reacting with the surface of living target cells may have a pathogenic role in the development of autoimmune adrenalitis. PMID- 7030542 TI - Rat myocardial protein degradation. AB - 1. Myocardial protein degradation rates were determined by following tyrosine release from rat isolated left hemi-atria in vitro. 2. After two 20 min preincubations the rate of tyrosine release from hemi-atria was constant for 4 h. 3. Skeletal muscle protein degradation was determined by following tyrosine release from rat isolated hemi-diaphragm (Fulks, Li & Goldberg, 1975). 4. Insulin (10(-7) M) inhibited tyrosine release from hemi-atria and hemi-diaphragm to a similar extent. A 48 h fast increased tyrosine release rate from hemi-diaphragm and decreased tyrosine release rate from hemi-atria. Hemi-diaphragm tyrosine release was inhibited by 15 mmol/l D-glucose but a variety of concentrations of D glucose (0, 5, 15 mmol/l) had no effect on tyrosine release from hemi-atria. Five times the normal plasma levels of the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine had no effect on tyrosine release from either hemi-atria or hemi-diaphragm. PMID- 7030543 TI - Failure of aspirin to modify the hypotensive action of captopril in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - 1. Oral administration of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril (30 mg/kg per day) to spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Okamoto strain progressively reduced arterial blood pressure by 60 mmHg over 4-5 days. 2. Oral treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with aspirin (200 mg/kg per day) for one week did not alter blood pressure, but it greatly reduced the vasodepressor effects of intravenous injections of arachidonic acid (3 mg/kg). 3. The fall in blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats treated concurrently with both aspirin (200 mg/kg per day) and captopril (30 mg/kg per day) was not different to the fall observed in rats treated with captopril alone. 4. The hypotensive action of captopril in spontaneously hypertensive rats does not appear to be due to stimulation of vasodilator prostanoid biosynthesis. PMID- 7030541 TI - Neutrophil function in chronic liver disease. AB - Neutrophil locomotion, phagocytosis and killing of Candida albicans, and plasma opsonization of brewer's yeast were studied in 44 out-patients with chronic liver disease. There were four diagnostic groups: alcoholic liver disease (ALD), chronic active hepatitis (CAH), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC). Results were compared with a control group of patients with non malignant disorders of the upper alimentary tract. Neutrophil locomotion induced by zymosan-activated autologous plasma was significantly depressed in patients with ALD and, to a lesser extent, in cryptogenic cirrhosis. With plasma from healthy donors, the patients' neutrophils showed normal locomotion. Plasma from patients with CAH gave slightly but significantly reduced phagocytosis of both Candida albicans and brewer's yeast, but the patients' cells had normal phagocytic and killing activity in the presence of normal plasma. Thus, no intrinsic abnormality in neutrophil function was found in these patients, but plasma defects, which differed in cirrhoses of different underlying aetiology, led to impaired neutrophil locomotion or phagocytosis. No correlations were found between these plasma defects and circulating levels of C3, C4, immune complexes or IgA. PMID- 7030544 TI - Prognostic significance of the glomerular changes in Henoch-Schoenlein nephritis. AB - Eighty-three children with Henoch-Schoenlein nephritis were studied to establish the prognostic significance of the glomerular changes. After a mean follow-up period of 6 years, 44 patients had no demonstrable abnormality, 21 had minor urinary abnormalities, 8 had heavy proteinuria and/or hypertension, and 10 had either died or developed chronic renal failure. Patients presenting with hypertension and/or acute renal insufficiency were more likely to develop chronic renal failure than those with milder presentations. A poor outcome was found to correlate with (1) crescents and segmental lesions affecting a high proportion of glomeruli, (2) the presence of subepithelial electron-dense deposits and (3) the finding of extracellular "lead shot" microparticles. While the clinical presentation is not a good means of predicting the outcome, an acute nephritic onset nevertheless appears to be the best available indication for renal biopsy, which should include both light and electron microscopy in order to increase the precision of prognostication. PMID- 7030546 TI - Hypercalcemia following renal transplantation: causes and consequences. PMID- 7030545 TI - Mesangial deposits of IgM in patients with the nephrotic syndrome. AB - Kidney biopsies from fourteen patients with the nephrotic syndrome were studied by light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Morphologically, all cases showed moderate diffuse mesangial cell proliferation. In all cases, immunofluorescent microscopy demonstrated diffuse and generalized deposits of IgM as the sole or predominant immunoglobulin. Electron microscopic examination showed electron dense deposits localized in the mesangium in seven cases. One nephrotic patient experienced spontaneous remission and eight others were steroid responsive. Only one of the five steroid resistant patients treated with chlorambucil showed clinical remission. Five steroid responsive patients relapsed. At present, four patients are healthy, having not relapsed for the past two years. Although deposits of IgM may be related to the renal pathology in cases of the nephrotic syndrome, immunofluorescence findings do not seem to be sufficiently consistent or characteristic to justify a possible subclassification of the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7030547 TI - IgA-mesangial nephropathy (Berger's disease) with rapid decline in renal function. AB - End-stage renal failure requiring dialysis treatment developed within 5 years in 11 patients with IgA mesangial glomerulonephritis (out of 94 affected by this nephropathy) whose serum creatinine levels were less than 2 mg/100 ml at the time of biopsy. We compared these patients (Group 1) with 10 patients (Group 2) whose serum creatinine was comparable at the time of biopsy (1.2 +/- 0.3 vs 1.4 +/- 0.3 mg/100 ml) but remained unchanged (1.1 +/- 0.4 mg/100 ml) at the end of a minimum post-biopsy follow-up of 5 years. The analysis of clinical findings, at the time of biopsy, showed that the mean duration of disease, from apparent onset, was shorter in Group 1. Recurrent macroscopic hematuria, never reported in this group, was present in 40% of patients of Group 2, whereas minimal urinary abnormalities, discovered by chance, were the only findings in 73% of patients of Group 1 and in 30% of Group 2. No difference was present between the patients in the two groups in the amount of proteinuria and in the incidence of high IgA serum levels, whereas hypertension was more frequent (45% vs 20%) in Group 1. The analysis of histological lesions demonstrated that in Group 1 there was a greater incidence of diffuse mesangial proliferation (82% vs 30%), of extensive glomerular obsolescence (64% vs 0) and of severe interstitial fibrosis (54% vs 0). Immunofluorescence findings were similar in the two groups. Although no single clinical or morphological parameter was characteristic of the patients with subsequent rapid decline of renal function, some features were more commonly observed, or more severe, in these patients, and therefore should be considered reliable predictors of an unfavourable outcome. PMID- 7030548 TI - Haematological genetics. Part 2: Oceania. PMID- 7030551 TI - Haemoglobinopathies including thalassaemia. Part 3. Sickle cell anaemia in tropical Africa. PMID- 7030550 TI - Haemoglobinopathies including thalassaemia. Part 1: Tropical Asia. PMID- 7030549 TI - Normal haematological values in tropical areas. PMID- 7030552 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Part 1: Tropical Africa. PMID- 7030553 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Part 2. Tropical Asia. PMID- 7030556 TI - Lymphomas and Leukaemias. Part 1: Tropical Africa. PMID- 7030555 TI - Nutritional anaemias. Part 2: Tropical Asia. PMID- 7030554 TI - Nutritional anaemias. Part 1: Tropical Africa. AB - A review of nutritional anaemia in Africa is presented above. It has been noted that nutritional anaemia, including iron-deficiency anaemia, megaloblastic anaemia due to folate deficiency or vitamin B12 deficiency, or both, and protein deficiency-anaemia, is widespread throughout Africa. It is particularly common in growing children, women of child-bearing age, pregnant women and lactating mothers. The anaemia is also especially common during the second half of the dry season and the first half of the wet season, when food supplies are limited. In all cases the anaemia is caused either by limited dietary intake, excessive loss of nutrients or excessive utilization. The anaemia is associated with a number of sequelae including both structural changes, like mitochondrial swelling and mucosal atrophy, and functional abnormalities, such as cardiac failure, decreased work output, increased pregnancy risks and increased susceptibility to infections. The evidence in favour of increased susceptibility to infections in megaloblastic anaemia and protein-deficiency anaemia is overwhelming, but in iron deficiency anaemia the available information argues in favour of reduced susceptibility to infections, except after initiation of iron therapy. The treatment of nutritional anaemia includes replacement of the deficient nutrients (and blood transfusion in severe cases), prevention of further nutrient losses and treatment of associated complications. PMID- 7030558 TI - Haemorrhagic disorders. Part 2: Tropical Asia. PMID- 7030560 TI - Tropical splenomegaly. Part 2: Oceania. PMID- 7030559 TI - Tropical splenomegaly. Part 1: Tropical Africa. AB - The emergence of tropical splenomegaly syndrome as a distinct entity in tropical medical practice has been briefly described, together with its link with malaria. The clinical and haematological aspects of the syndrome have been reviewed with some emphasis on local experience. No attempt has been made to give details of the immunological aspects, but the mechanisms by which the established immunological features of the disease help to understand the pathogenesis of the syndrome have been highlighted. PMID- 7030557 TI - Haemorrhagic disorders. Part 1: Tropical Africa. PMID- 7030561 TI - Haematological manifestations of malaria and other parasitic diseases. PMID- 7030563 TI - Vaginal odors and secretions. PMID- 7030562 TI - Etiology and prevention of coronary obstructive lesions in infancy and childhood. AB - It is now well established that coronary atherosclerosis should be considered as a problem from infancy or even from embryonal life. Its development, although genetically determined to some extent, is influenced by many factors, some of which may be beneficially modified. Such primary prevention should start in early childhood, and in some aspects, even during pregnancy. Nonatherosclerotic coronary obstruction may also be present in infancy and childhood, usually with severe consequences. PMID- 7030564 TI - Pharmacology of anesthetics. PMID- 7030565 TI - Paracervical and pudendal block. PMID- 7030566 TI - Conduction anesthesia. PMID- 7030567 TI - Effects of obstetric anesthesia and analgesia on the newborn: a select, annotated bibliography for the clinician. PMID- 7030568 TI - The treatment of nonunions without electrical stimulation. AB - In most cases of nonunions, healing occurs with rigid fixation of the fragments alone and without any electric stimulation. Most non-unions are programmed by nature to unite. In the majority of cases, the bone ends are well vascularized, much more so than in fresh fractures. Therefore, grafting after rigid fixation is generally unnecessary. Autologous cancellous bone transplant, however, is essential in avascular and infected nonunions. Rigid fixation not only has a very high rate of union, but also the advantage that malalignment and shortening can be corrected and that functional after treatment is possible. Nonsurgical treatments, including electrical stimulation, may also produce union but cannot correct concomitant deformity or other disabling lesions of the limb. PMID- 7030569 TI - A brief historical note on the use of electricity in the treatment of fractures. PMID- 7030570 TI - Asymmetrical slow-pulsating direct current. AB - Treatment with asymmetrical pulsating direct current in combination with external fixation on pseudarthroses offers encouraging results. Using a fully automatic stimulator continuously for six months appears to eliminate previous electrode problems. Since pseudarthrosis is not a well-defined condition and as the above treatment is multilateral, no conclusion can be stated as to the effect of electrostimulation. However, the noninvasive stimulator is reliable and the results appear promising. PMID- 7030572 TI - Scan demonstration of tumefactive splenic involvement in malignant lymphoma: an indication of histiocytic lymphoma. PMID- 7030571 TI - Treatment of pseudarthroses with electrodynamic potentials of low frequency range. AB - In 319 patients suffering from septic and noninfected pseudarthroses, bone consolidation has been achieved in 93.6% by a cancellous bone graft plus a semi invasive method of electrostimulation of nonunion using low frequency A.C. potentials, i.e., the electrodynamic procedure. By inductively coupled electromagnetic fields, the potentials are produced in inductable implants. There are no contraindications for the procedure and no side effects. PMID- 7030573 TI - Supraceliac aortic occlusion demonstrated by radionuclide aortography. PMID- 7030574 TI - Neurologic manifestations of congenital infection. PMID- 7030575 TI - Hematologic manifestations of congenital infections. PMID- 7030576 TI - Diagnosis of bacterial infections of the newborn infant. PMID- 7030577 TI - The treatment of bacterial infections in the newborn infant. PMID- 7030578 TI - Lofexidine and clonidine in moderate essential hypertension. AB - The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of lofexidine, a centrally acting imidazoline derivative, were compared to that of clonidine in a randomized double blind trial in 28 patients with moderate essential hypertension. The study consisted of a washout phase, a placebo phase, a drug titration phase (0.2 to 1.6 mg/day, with hydrochlorothiazide added at 0.4 mg daily for supine and erect diastolic blood pressure above 90 mm Hg), and a maintenance phase lasting 3 mo. During the titration phase supine systolic and diastolic pressures fell in lofexidine patients from 143 +/- 4/98 +/- 3 to 122 +/- 3/81 +/- 2 mm Hg and in clonidine patients from 154 +/- 6/101 +/- 2 to 124 +/- 4/81 +/- 2 mm Hg (P less than 0.01), and erect systolic and diastolic pressures fell in lofexidine patients from 143 +/- 3/105 +/- 2 to 116 +/- 3/85 +/- 2 mm Hg and in clonidine patients from 156 +/- 6/104 +/- 2 to 117 +/- 4/82 +/- 2 mm Hg (P less than 0.01). Maximal doses of lofexidine and clonidine in combination with hydrochlorothiazide had equivalent antihypertensive effects, but when the effects of lofexidine and clonidine were compared at each dose level, larger doses of lofexidine patients in either the supine or erect position during the titration phase but heart rate fell in the clonidine patients (P less than 0.05) over the same period. Dry mouth and drowsiness were reported in both groups but were both less frequent and less severe in the lofexidine group than the clonidine group. PMID- 7030579 TI - Short- and long-term therapy of mild essential hypertension with timolol. AB - The short and long-term antihypertensive action of timolol, a beta blocker, was assessed in 36 mild hypertensives in a 32-wk, double-blind, placebo-controlled study followed by an additional 96 wk of timolol in 17 responders. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) declined during the first phase from 103 to 93 mm Hg and from 73 to 61 bpm (P less than 0.01) but there was long-term timolol subjects (DBP 89 mm Hg at 32 wk and 88 mm Hg at 96 wk [NS] and HR 62 and 65 bpm [NS]). Although stimulated plasma renin activity in the entire group decreased from 1.08 to 0.28 ng/ml/hr (P less than 0.001), blood pressure reduction did not correlate with this decline (r = 0.29) or with serum timolol level (r = 0.29). In 20 patients who underwent treadmill was not altered. Thus, timolol is effective in reducing mild high blood pressure during short-term therapy and in maintaining this effect over the long term in responsive subjects. It is therefore potentially useful in chronic essential hypertension. PMID- 7030580 TI - Dihydroergotamine in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension: short-term intramuscular and long-term oral therapy. AB - The efficacy of dihydroergotamine (DHE-45) in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension due to deficient circulatory reflexes was investigated in 10 patients. Over the short term, intramuscular DHE-45 induced an increase (P less than 0.005) in supine blood pressure (137 +/- 8.9 to 158 +/- 8.1 mm Hg 15 min after DHE-45 and 142 +/- 9.9 to 183 +/- 7.5 mm Hg 60 min after DHE-45) associated with an increase in total peripheral resistance (TPR) (37 +/- 1.9 to 41 +/- 2.8 U . m2 and 34 +/- 2.2 to 41 +/- 2.3) and no change in cardiac output (CO), plasma renin activity (PRA), or plasma norepinephrine. Eight patients tolerated head-up tilt to a higher angle--the drop of mean arterial pressure at equivalent angles of tilt (pre- and post-DHE-45) was less. The other two patients did not improve. On the other hand, oral DHE-45 (1-mo therapy) did not induce a change in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, CO, or TPR; the only significant hemodynamic change was an increase in the ratio cardiopulmonary volume/total blood volume (12 +/- 1.9% to 16 +/- 0.7%, P less than 0.025). Changes in PRA, plasma aldosterone, and plasma catecholamines were not significant. Response to head-up tilt was variable after the first week of therapy. Blood level 2 hr after an oral dose was one order of magnitude lower (0.1 to 0.2 ng/ml) than after intramuscular injection (1.2 to 3.2 ng/ml). The discrepancy between the effects of intramuscular and oral DHE-45 for treatment of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension in this group of patients might be related to the nature of the disease (autonomic insufficiency) or to low bioavailability, suggesting that either another formulation of the drug or methods to improve absorption are needed for long-term therapy. PMID- 7030581 TI - [Controlled clinical study of tranexamic acid in the treatment of inflammatory otorhinolaryngological diseases]. PMID- 7030582 TI - [A new long-acting psychotropic substance in oral administration: penfluridol]. PMID- 7030584 TI - [Prevention and chemotherapy of toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 7030583 TI - [Activity of diclofenac after a single, evening administration as compared with naproxen, in ambulatory patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7030585 TI - [Changes induced with bromopride and metoclopramide in the kinetics of gastric emptying in patients with gastric motor hyposthenia. Comparison with placebo]. PMID- 7030586 TI - [Hypothalamic diabetes insipidus in aged patients: physiopathological aspects, diagnostic problems and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 7030587 TI - Nephrotoxicity of first generation cephalosporins: considerations on experimental and clinical pharmacology. PMID- 7030588 TI - [The relationship between lymphocyte sodium content and the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system in subjects with essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7030589 TI - [Diuretics. I]. PMID- 7030590 TI - [Techniques of methadone treatment: evaluation of the results and undesired effects]. PMID- 7030591 TI - [Urokinase in acute and chronic arterial diseases]. PMID- 7030593 TI - What infections occur in patients with occupational lung disease? PMID- 7030592 TI - [Recent acquisitions in therapy of Parkinson's disease]. PMID- 7030595 TI - Fever and new lung infiltrates in the immunocompromised host. PMID- 7030598 TI - Mechanisms of virus-induced bacterial superinfections of the lung. PMID- 7030599 TI - The relationship of viral infections to subsequent asthma. PMID- 7030594 TI - Legionnaires Disease. Infections caused by Legionella pneumophilia and Legionella like organisms. PMID- 7030596 TI - Invasive procedures for diagnosing pulmonary infection. A critical review. PMID- 7030600 TI - Chronic bronchitis. AB - Our understanding of chronic bronchitis has been hampered by the fact that the diagnosis is based upon historical evidence of recurrent cough and sputum without any requirement that certain physiologic or microscopic criteria be met. Despite the fact that epidemiological studies have implicated viruses, bacteria, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a varying percentage of exacerbations, in an individual case it is often difficult to establish a causal role for any agent. Antibiotics seem to reduce the morbidity of an infective exacerbation, but the widespread use of prophylactic antibiotics cannot be justified on the basis of the studies currently available. It would seem that the most sensible approach in the treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis would be to treat them on an individual basis, avoiding the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, but employing them on a trial basis in patients with a demonstrated proclivity for seasonal exacerbations. It is hoped that future clinical trials incorporating only patients meeting the classic criteria for chronic bronchitis and its exacerbations will develop treatments for this significant disease which are more successful than those currently available. PMID- 7030602 TI - An approach to patients suspected of having an occupational pulmonary disease. PMID- 7030603 TI - Asbestos-related diseases. PMID- 7030601 TI - Pseudomonas in cystic fibrosis sylph or sycophant? PMID- 7030604 TI - Lung disorders resulting from the inhalation of metals. PMID- 7030597 TI - Suppurative lung disease: old problems revisited. PMID- 7030605 TI - Occupational asthma. PMID- 7030607 TI - Lung cancer and occupational lung disease. PMID- 7030606 TI - Inhalation of irritant gases. PMID- 7030609 TI - Shock lung syndrome. PMID- 7030608 TI - Nonprotein neurotoxins. AB - Nonprotein neurotoxins are continuing to play a major role as molecular probes in studying nervous processes. They also have clinical importance as some of them, such as saxitoxin and its analogues, are the source of public health problems, or have potential use in therapy. This review covers clinical, biological, pharmacological, and chemical aspects of certain nonprotein neurotoxins, with emphasis on three well-known ones: tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin, and batrachotoxin. The distribution of the toxins is discussed as well as their symptomatology, treatment of affected patients, and effects of their structures on their physiological activity. With so many outstanding problems remaining in neuropharmacology, the study of nonprotein neurotoxins thrives as a fertile area of research. PMID- 7030610 TI - Tetanus prevention. PMID- 7030611 TI - Thoughts on irritant contact dermatitis. AB - An attempt is made to formulate some kind of working hypothesis concerning the pathophysiology, clinical appearance and treatment of irritant contact dermatitis. Acute irritant dermatitis may be caused by one single overwhelming external exposure of comparatively short duration. It is usually accidental and therefore recognized early as cause and effect. Chronic irritant dermatitis may be the result of a too early repetition of one impairing factor (chronic irritant dermatitis "traumiteration' type), but is more commonly the result of the influence of a variety of stimuli, each starting to be active before recovery from the foregoing stimuli has been completed (chronic irritant dermatitis 'summation' type.) By repetition of the same stimulus, or by a combination of varying stimuli, the degree of impairment surpasses a critical level, in consequence of which a clinical disease (irritant contact dermatitis) ensues. This clinical disease, however, is only 'the tip of the iceberg'. Such stimuli may be chemical, mechanical and/or climatic. To find out which are the harmful factors requires a detailed case history about the patient's work, habits and hobbies, thus enabling him to avoid as many damaging exposures as is practical, and hence reducing the sum of causative factors. A number of causative factors are enumerated. The article is intended to be a catalyst to promote discussion on this subject. PMID- 7030613 TI - The effects of an LH-RH antagonist ([N-Ac-D-Trp(1)(3), D-p-Cl-Phe(2), D-Phe(6), D Ala(10)]-LH-RH) during the preovulatory period of the rhesus monkey. AB - Seven regularly cycling rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were used in this experiment. The animals were followed during two consecutive cycles. During the first cycle (control), the animals did not receive any treatment and the date of ovulation was determined by using daily total serum estrogens and serial laparoscopies. In the second cycle, the animals received 1 mg daily of [N-Ac-D Trp(1)(3),D-p-Cl-Phe(2), D-Phe(6), D-Ala(10)-LH-RH by intramuscular injection from days 10-14. The date of ovulation was determined by using the same methodology as the control cycle. Blood samples were drawn daily from day 8 of the cycle until the onset of menses, and the serum was used to measure total estrogens, progesterone and LH. A significant delay of the preovulatory LH peak and ovulation occurred in 5 of the 7 animals resulting in a proportional increase in cycle length as compared to the control cycle. No changes in cycle length or date of LH peak occurred in the other 2 animals. One of them did not present signs of ovulation as determined by laparoscopy (no recognizable stigma or corpus luteum). Progesterone production and length of the luteal phase were not affected by the treatment. PMID- 7030612 TI - Polyurethane contraceptive vaginal sponge: product modifications resulting from user experience. AB - A preliminary study of a new contraceptive vaginal sponge containing the spermicide nonoxynol -9 (N-9), was undertaken to assess acceptability of the method among a group of sexually active volunteers in Mexico City. Numerous modifications of the product and its packaging resulted from user experience and feedback to the physicians and bioengineers conducting the study. Although determining efficacy of the sponge was not an objective, it quickly became clear that spermicide is a crucial component of the intravaginal sponge contraceptive system; a high incidence of pregnancies led us to increase the spermicide level from 10% to 20%, then to the current 30% of dry sponge weight, or about 1.0 gram per sponge. (It should be noted that the high pregnancy rates were consistent with our experience using other vaginal contraceptive methods in the same clinic population). This initial evaluation of the contraceptive sponge has resulted in significant modification which should increase its acceptability to a small but important group of contracepting women. The sponge is currently being evaluated by the International Fertility Research Program (IFRP) in multicentered comparative clinical trials to determine use-effectiveness and acceptability in various cultures. PMID- 7030614 TI - Access to data and the information explosion: oral contraceptives and risk of cancer. AB - This report describes a technically feasible method to deal with the enormous volume of literature published regarding oral contraceptives. This subject was discussed in 3735 publications during the period from November 1977 through October 1980. Our findings showed that those papers reporting original, numeric relationships involving risk of cancer and use of oral contraceptives were one percent of the total 3735 publications. However, only seven of the 27 articles involved were authored by individuals from departments of obstetrics and gynecology. Further, only four of the 27 were published in journals devoted to obstetrics and gynecology. The analyses suggest a form of censorship taking place, in that the obstetrics/gynecology specialists do not have ready access to the primary data. PMID- 7030615 TI - Anovulatory effect of a LHRH antagonist in women. AB - The antagonistic analog of LHRH, NAc-D-p-Cl-Phe(1),(2), D-Trp(3),D-Phe(6), D Ala(10)-LHRH was administered intramuscularly in a dose of 2 mg to ten normally ovulating women on day 12 of the menstrual cycle. Ovulation was inhibited in six patients, and two more presented an insufficient corpus luteum. No pregnancies were recorded in this series. In those patients who did not ovulate, it was demonstrated that the LHRH analog abolished the midcycle surge of both LH and FSH. Luteolysis evidenced by the rapid decline in progesterone levels was present in 2 cases. Bleeding pattern showed a tendency to delayed menses. The morphological findings in endometrial biopsies of 6 women exhibited mild proliferation. Further research along these lines is necessary for appraisal of this approach to birth control. PMID- 7030616 TI - Structural features of the phosphoribosyltransferases and their relationship to the human deficiency disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. AB - Similarities in the physical and chemical properties of the phosphoribosyltransferase family of enzymes suggest that they may share common structural features as observed in other functionally related proteins. The unusually high incidence of structural gene mutations of these enzymes in man are associated with several metabolic diseases of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. It is proposed that these disorders are the consequence of structural mutations to an architectural domain common to all of the phosphoribosyltransferases. PMID- 7030617 TI - The evolving tRNA molecule. AB - The study of tRNA molecular evolution is crucial to understanding the origin and establishment of the genetic code as well as the differentiation and refinement of the machinery of protein synthesis in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, organelles, and phage systems. The small size of the molecule and its critical involvement in a multiplicity of roles distinguish its study from classical protein molecular evolution with respect to goals and methods. Here, the authors assess available and missing data, existing and needed methodology, and the impact of tRNA studies on current theories both of genetic code evolution and of the evolution of species. They analyze mutational "hot spots", the role of base modification, synthetase recognition, codon-anticodon interactions and the status of organelle tRNA. PMID- 7030618 TI - Interactions between soluble enzymes and subcellular structure. AB - Soluble enzymes contribute significantly to the metabolic capabilities of living organisms, but it is becoming increasingly clear that the activities of these enzymes are significantly modified by their interactions with structural components of the cells, and that these interactions may make important contributions to metabolic regulation. In the past, specification of these interactions has been limited by the availability of suitable experimental techniques, but this deficiency is now being rectified and our understanding of these processes if advancing rapidly. Research in this area is moving into a second phase, with the emphasis no longer being focused on demonstrations of the biological reality of these interactions, but directed more towards quantitative aspects of binding, the determination of the characteristics of binding domains, and the theoretical basis of regulatory involvements. All of these aspects are discussed in the present review. PMID- 7030619 TI - Yeast enolase: mechanism of activation by metal ions. AB - Yeast enolase as prepared by current procedures is inherently chemically homogeneous, though deamidation and partial denaturation can produce electrophoretically distinct forms. A true isozyme of the enzyme exists but does not survive the purification procedure. The chemical sequence for both has been established. The enzyme behaves in solution like a compact, nearly spherical molecule of moderate hydration. Strong intramolecular forces maintain the structure of the individual subunits. The enzyme as isolated is dimeric. If dissociated in the presence of magnesium ions and substrate, then the subunits are active, but if the dissociation occurs in the absence of metal ions, they are inactive until they have reassociated and undergone a first order "annealing" process. Magnesium (II) enhances association. The interaction between the subunits is hydrophobic in character. The enzyme can bind up to 2 mol of most metal ions in "conformational" sites which then allows up to 2 mol of substrate or some substrate analogue to bind. This is not sufficient for catalysis, but conformational metal ions do more than just allow substrate binding. A change in the environment of the metal ions occurs on substrate or substrate analogue binding. There is an absolute correlation between the occurrence of a structural change undergone by the 3-amino analogue of phosphoenolpyruvate and whether the metal ions produce any level of enzymatic activity. For catalysis, two more moles of metal ions, called "catalytic", must bind. There is evidence that the enzymatic reaction involves a carbanion mechanism. It is likely that two more moles of metal ion can bind which inhibit the reaction. The requirement for 2 mol of metal ion per subunit which contribute in different ways to catalysis is exhibited by a number of other enzymes. PMID- 7030621 TI - Continuous mechanical ventilation - part II. PMID- 7030620 TI - Semisynthetic peptides and proteins. AB - Semisynthesis provides a flexible approach for using chemical synthesis to produce large, biologically active polypeptides and analogues. Currently developing improvements in the basic methods used, including polypeptide fragmentation, peptide synthesis, and reconstitution of synthetic and native components, make this overall approach applicable to a variety of species. Sequence modification through semisynthesis thus provides a flexible route to explore the code of rules whereby primary structure directs higher order properties of folded conformation and biological function of large peptides and proteins. The fruits of this endeavor, an understanding of how these macromolecules work, and therein, a basis for design of new structures that ultimately may be produced directly or by recombinant DNA methods, have begun to emerge. PMID- 7030622 TI - Stability of lyophilized S-9 preparations. PMID- 7030623 TI - The constituents of tomato fruit--the influence of environment, nutrition, and genotype. AB - It is proposed to describe briefly the rise in popularity of the tomato during the 20th century to become the world's fourth most significant fruit, making an important contribution to human nutrition. The grading standards for fruit used in various major tomato-producing countries will be outlined. A major part of the review will be devoted to describing changes in composition during the maturation, ripening, preservation, and storage of good quality tomatoes especially as regards carbohydrates, organic and amino acids, proteins, steroids, pigments, minerals, and the lipids, volatiles, and other minor constituents. A range within which composition should normally fall will be given. Additionally, the effects on composition of environment, cultivar, nutrition, and physiological disorders inter alia will be described. How new growing methods and genetic manipulation could influence the tomato of the future will also be considered. PMID- 7030624 TI - Wild rice: the Indian's staple and the white man's delicacy. AB - Wild rice (Zizania aquatica) is an annual aquatic grass which grows in shallow lakes, marshes and in sluggish streams in various parts of the world. The grain of wild rice has been harvested by the Indians of the United States and Canada for many centuries. Explorers entering the territories of the Northern Lake States of America a few centuries ago described wild rice as a spontaneous crop which does not require plowing or sowing providing an abundant harvest of palatable and nourishing grain. Natural propagation assured the Indians of a yearly crop. As time passed, wild rice lost its importance as a staple for the Indian population, but it became a white man's delicacy because of its unique color and flavor characteristics. In the U.S. a commercial wild rice industry developed. The grain is now found on supermarket shelves, but at a rather high price compared to prices for other cereal grains. Today, most of the wild rice in the world is harvested as a cultivated crop from paddies in the state of Minnesota. Smaller amounts are produced in Wisconsin and in southern Canada. Wild rice has some desirable nutritional attributes. Its protein content is relatively high compared to other cereal grains. Wild rice is a good source of the B vitamins, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin and contains common mineral elements in amounts comparable to those in oats, wheat and corn. Wild rice is used as a main meal ingredient in regular or quick cooked form and has numerous possible secondary usages. Because of its good nutritional balance wild rice could help to provide another source of energy and quality protein for the diet of man. PMID- 7030625 TI - Clinical hypoxia. PMID- 7030627 TI - Nursing care of the patient with ARDS. PMID- 7030626 TI - Hepatitis: current concepts. PMID- 7030628 TI - Shock, a clinical syndrome. Part I: definition, etiology, and pathophysiology. PMID- 7030629 TI - Shock, a clinical syndrome. Part II: the stages of shock. PMID- 7030630 TI - Shock, a clinical syndrome. Part III: the nursing care: prevention and patient assessment. PMID- 7030631 TI - Shock, a clinical syndrome part IV: nursing intervention. PMID- 7030635 TI - Comparative study of once and 3-times daily regimens of bezafibrate in patients with primary hyperlipoproteinaemia. PMID- 7030634 TI - Protease activities in human tears. AB - Several protease activities were measured in human tears by six specific substrates. The specific activity of cathepsin B-like enzyme was 7-fold higher in Orientals than in Caucasians. The trypsin-like and cathepsin C-like enzyme activities also showed 3 to 4-fold higher in Orientals than in Caucasians. However, the deviation in the activities of these two enzymes was high in both Orientals and Caucasians. Similar results were obtained when comparing the protease activities of tear collected by glass capillary and a filter-paper strip method. Since a surface-active small molecular weight fraction can be produced by incubation of freshly collected tears for 4 hours at 37 degrees C, the low molecular weight surfactant may be a proteolytic product. PMID- 7030633 TI - Further characterization of epiretinal membranes in human massive periretinal proliferation. AB - Periretinal membranes obtained at vitrectomy from three patients with massive periretinal proliferation were examined by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Immunofluorescent staining on fresh frozen sections showed positive stain with glial fibrillary acidic protein and a weaker stain with antibodies to actin, PBM-1 and laminin. Staining was negative for antibodies to actin, PBM-1 and laminin. Staining was negative for antibodies of collagen types I, III and IV. Electron microscopy revealed abundant glial cells arranged in a tubulo-acinar configuration with junctional complexes, apical microvillous processes and 9-10 nm cytoplasmic filaments. PMID- 7030632 TI - Tobramycin in external eye disease: a double-masked study vs. gentamicin. AB - A double-masked randomized study was conducted at four centers to compare the efficacy and safety of tobramycin and gentamicin ophthalmic ointment in the treatment of superficial external eye disease. Seventy-seven patients with blepharitis and/or conjunctivitis were evaluated for safety, and 56 of the 77 individuals also qualified for evaluation of drug efficacy. After a 10 day treatment regimen, 97% of the tobramycin treated patients and 91.3% of the gentamicin treated patients were clinically cured or improved. Antibacterial effectiveness studies in the conjunctiva showed that tobramycin eradicated or controlled 87.8% of the bacterial infections vs. 77.4% for gentamicin. There was also a 9.3% adverse reaction rate with tobramycin vs. 17.6% with gentamicin. Primary symptoms consisted of erythema, injection, discomfort and itching. All adverse reactions were mild and cleared upon discontinuation of the study drug. While the trends seem to favor tobramycin, no difference was statistically significant at the p less than or equal to 0.05 level. These results indicate that tobramycin is a clinically effective and safe topical antibiotic and that it is comparable to gentamicin for topical treatment of bacterial external eye infections. It also may be better tolerated than gentamicin. PMID- 7030636 TI - A double-blind crossover comparative study of the efficacy of single daily doses of conventional and slow-release metoprolol. AB - The antihypertensive effect of slow-release metoprolol was studied in 50 patients suffering from mild to moderate essential hypertension. In a double-blind crossover study, the effect of slow-release metoprolol was compared with conventional metoprolol for efficacy and tolerability in 40 patients. After a 2 week period on placebo, patients received either 200 mg slow-release metoprolol once daily or 200 mg conventional metoprolol once daily for 6 weeks before crossing over to the alternative dosage form for a further 6 weeks. The results showed that both slow-release and conventional metoprolol were equipotent and reduced significantly the pulse rate and also the supine, sitting and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Slow-release metoprolol also reduced the exercise blood pressure in 10 patients following 2-weeks' administration of 200 mg daily in a single dose. Good patient compliance with the medication was observed. No adverse effect attributable to slow-release metoprolol or conventional metoprolol was detected throughout the study. PMID- 7030637 TI - Assessment of the efficacy and acceptability of an acebutolol/hydrochlorothiazide combination in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension. AB - The efficacy and acceptability of single daily doses of a fixed combination of 400 mg acebutolol and 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide were assessed in an open study of 30 patients suffering from mild to moderate essential hypertension. Results from 20 patients who completed the 6-months' active drug period, and 9 patients whose treatment was terminated at various times before the end of this period, indicated significant reduction in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in supine, sitting and standing positions. This effect was apparent from the first month on drug therapy and was maintained throughout the 6-month trial. In no patient was withdrawal from this study attributable to side-effects of the drug. Results indicated good control of hypertension by a single dose of the combined drugs and good patient compliance was observed during the study. Potassium loss, frequently experienced during hydrochlorothiazide treatment, was not observed in the presence of acebutolol. PMID- 7030638 TI - Once daily flupenthixol in the treatment of elderly depressed patients: a multi centre trial in general practice. AB - Ninety-five elderly depressed patients were entered into an open trial of 0.5 to 1.0 mg flupenthixol dihydrochloride, as a single daily dose in the morning. Eighty-seven patients were treated and assessed for 14 days, 6 patients failed to attend follow-up appointments and 2 patients were withdrawn from the trial because of acute physical illness. After 14-days' treatment, a decrease in the severity of the illness was recorded on the Clinical Global Impression Scale in 77% of the patients, and statistically significant improvements were noted in the 5 individually rated symptoms of lowered mood, fatigue, tendency to weep, feelings of inadequacy and irritability. The number and severity of adverse effects recorded on a check-list decreased during the treatment period. The results suggest that flupenthixol is an effective antidepressant and is well tolerated by the elderly as a single daily dose. PMID- 7030639 TI - Genetics of Reovirus. PMID- 7030640 TI - The obese strain (OS) of chickens with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis: review of recent data. PMID- 7030641 TI - Nucleic acid independent synthesis of peptides. PMID- 7030642 TI - Retroviral gene expression. PMID- 7030643 TI - Humoral immunity in Cecropia pupae. PMID- 7030644 TI - Replication signals in prokaryotic DNA. PMID- 7030645 TI - A controlled comparison of amcinonide cream 0.1 percent and halcinonide cream 0.1 percent in the treatment of eczematous dermatitis. AB - A 2-week, double-blind clinical trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and cosmetic acceptability of amcinonide cream 0.1 percent and halcinonide cream 0.1 percent in the treatment of 29 patients with eczematous dermatitis. The dermatologic status of each patient was rated by improvement in clinical signs and symptoms, by the investigator's overall evaluation, and by two patient evaluations. Both medications produced statistically significant and equivalent improvement by Week 2. However, amcinonide was significantly favored in the efficacy evaluation of relief from burning pain at Week 2 and in patient acceptability evaluations in regard to the absence of burning, stinging, and itching on application. The role of propylene glycol in the formulation of the halcinonide cream as a contributing cause of irritation is noted. PMID- 7030646 TI - Alternative for sensitizing neomycin topical medicaments. PMID- 7030647 TI - Early syphilis morbidity in New York City: an analysis of trends and contributing factors. PMID- 7030648 TI - Hailey-Hailey disease. Report of a case treated surgically. AB - A 51-year-old man with Hailey-Hailey disease was treated with a split thickness skin graft of the left axilla. The dramatic improvement in the grafted area is contrasted with the continued disease activity in the untreated axilla and other intertriginous areas. Local excision and grafting, with a resultant decrease in sweating and maceration, is an effective form of therapy for Hailey-Hailey disease. PMID- 7030649 TI - Localized bullous pemphigoid with negative immunofluorescence. AB - We have reported two cases of localized BP without antibody or complement detectable at the BMZ. Several lines of evidence are discussed suggesting that the presence of immunoglobulin and complement at the BMZ serves as a convenient laboratory marker and does not play an etiologic role. This evidence includes the lack of production of a blister by BP serum in organ culture, the high incidence of immune complexes in BP patients, and the spontaneous increase in autoantibody in the elderly. It is suggested that autoantibody production (specifically anti basement membrane zone antibody) may occur in BP as a marker of this disease without etiologic significance. PMID- 7030650 TI - Robertsonian polymorphism in chromosomes of Oryzomys subflavus (Rodentia, Cricetidae). AB - Eighty-four specimens of Oryzomys subflavus, collected in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, were studied. A Robertsonian chromosome polymorphism, characterized by a varying diploid number of 50, 49, 48, and 46, was found. All specimens showed a chromosome arm number of 56. G-banding patterns in somatic cells allowed identification of the chromosome pairs (2, 3, 5, and 7) involved in centric fusion. C-banding revealed the presence of constitutive heterochromatin near the centromere the X chromosome and those of the autosomes. The Y chromosome presented a large heterochromatic block in the distal portion of its long arm. PMID- 7030651 TI - Swan-Ganz catheter location and left atrial pressure determine the accuracy of the wedge pressure when positive end-expiratory pressure is used. AB - In 43 percent of 30 consecutive open heart surgery patients, Swan-Ganz catheter tips lodged within 1 cm of or above the left atrium. When in this position the wedge pressure measured by the catheter was not an accurate estimate of left atrial pressure when positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was used, especially when left atrial pressure was low. Catheters located below the left atrium were accurate at all levels of PEEP tested. The position of Swan-Ganz catheters should be confirmed by a lateral chest roentgenogram when PEEP is used, and catheter tips not below the left atrium should be repositioned. PMID- 7030652 TI - Short-term double-blind evaluation of flunisolide aerosol for steroid-dependent asthmatic children and adolescents. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of flunisolide aerosol prescribed as .5 mg (two inhalations) twice daily and placebo in terms of oral steroid sparing ability in a population of 32 known steroid-dependent children and adolescents. Patients were stabilized on the lowest tolerated dose of daily AM or alternate AM oral corticosteroid for at least one month before entering the study. They were randomly assigned to either flunisolide or placebo treatment for the 12-week, double-blind trial. Patients were seen every two weeks for symptom assessment, physical examination, and pulmonary function testing. Tests of adrenal function were done initially and at the study's conclusion. The flunisolide group had improved asthma control compared with the placebo group. The daily oral steroid requirement decreased in 100 percent of the flunisolide group compared with 53 percent of the placebo group (P less than .01). Pulmonary function and endocrine function remained stable for both groups. There were no adverse effects. Flunisolide aerosol in doses of .5 mg twice daily appears to be topically active and to have oral steroid potential without apparent adverse effects. PMID- 7030654 TI - BTA short-course chemotherapy studies. PMID- 7030653 TI - High-frequency jet ventilation during the treatment of acute fulminant pulmonary edema. AB - High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) was used during the treatment of fulminant pulmonary edema in a 45-year-old man so that toxic levels of oxygen could be avoided when conventional methods of ventilation in combination with high levels of PEEP (20 cm H2O) were unsuccessful in raising PaO2. On each of four occasions, HFJV resulted in improved arterial oxygenation when compared with conventional modes. PMID- 7030655 TI - Short-course chemotherapy. The Arkansas experience. PMID- 7030656 TI - Hypothesis and provocations. What is the evidence for and the significance of spasm in acute myocardial infarction? PMID- 7030657 TI - Wegener's granulomatosis. Electron microscopic and immunofluorescent studies. AB - We report a case of classic Wegener's granulomatosis. Direct immunofluorescent study showed finely granular deposits of IgG and IgM in some of the alveolar walls, and of IgM in the maxillary sinus arteries. Electron-microscopic study of the lung and maxillary sinus showed intravascular fibrin, but failed to demonstrate electron-dense deposits in the blood vessel walls. Our patient also had circulating cryoglobulins, consisting of IgG, IgM, Clq, and C3, and evidence of circulating immune complexes as demonstrated by the Clq-binding test. These findings suggest that circulating immune complexes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the respiratory lesions of Wegener's granulomatosis. PMID- 7030658 TI - Studies on the removal of inhaled particles from the lungs by voluntary coughing. PMID- 7030659 TI - Effect of inhaled salbutamol on mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic bronchitis. AB - We investigated, in a double blind fashion, the acute effect of an inhaled beta 2 agonist drug (salbutamol) on mucociliary clearance in 20 patients with chronic bronchitis: ten treated with the drug and the remaining ten with placebo. Following inhalation of pre-sized human albumin microspheres with a mass median diameter of 1.5 micrometers, radioactivity was recorded for one hour (control period) with the patient in the supine posture with a large field computerized gamma camera collimated over the chest. At the end of the first hour, without moving the patient, either salbutamol (500 micrograms) or placebo was nebulized from a commercial canister and recording carried out for another two hours. At the end of the recording period areas of interest were selected and time activity curves generated, from which the percentage activity cleared in the first, second and third hour was calculated. Whereas no significant differences in clearance between the two groups were found in the control period, inhaled salbutamol significantly increased mucociliary clearance rate; particle removal in the second hour (test period) was 36.42 +/- 5.61 (SD) percent for the group treated with salbutamol, and 10.87 +/- 2.47 (SD) percent for the group receiving placebo. PMID- 7030660 TI - Effects of a beta adrenergic drug and a secretolytic agent on regional mucociliary clearance in patients with COLD. AB - The effect of clenbuterol, a beta adrenergic drug, and ambroxol, a secretolytic agent, on regional mucociliary clearance and pulmonary radioaerosol distribution was investigated in two groups of 15 patients with COLD in a double-blind cross over trial with placebo. Clearance rates of inhaled 99mTc-labelled human serum albumin minimicrospheres (HAMM) were determined over upper, middle, lower, central, and peripheral anterior lung regions. Additionally, an index was employed for quantitative analysis of initial pulmonary aerosol distribution in order to detect changes in the site of particle deposition caused by the drugs. Regional measurement of tracheobronchial particle clearance showed clenbuterol to have a significant (P less than 0.05) stimulating effect in 4 of 5 tested pulmonary zones resulting in significantly accelerated whole lung clearance. Ambroxol was effective in only 1 of 5 tested lung areas and did not prove to enhance whole lung clearance significantly. The secretolytic agent was associated with significant (P less than 0.05) improvement of lung aerosol distribution in obstructive emphysematous patients, whereas no significant change in lung deposition of the inhaled particles was encountered in the patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis after either drug regimen. PMID- 7030661 TI - Effect of terbutaline on mucociliary transport and sputum properties in chronic bronchitis. AB - A double-blind study with placebo control was carried out in 20 patients with chronic bronchitis to analyze the effect of oral terbutaline on mucociliary transport and sputum properties. Terbutaline (2.5 mg tablets) was given 3 times a day for 1 week. The clinical score, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) significantly improved after treatment with terbutaline and confirmed the bronchodilating action of this drug. The mucociliary clearance measured with a radioactive aerosol tracer did not significantly differ after treatment with terbutaline and placebo although the initial site of aerosol deposition was similar in the two groups before and after treatment. The viscoelastic properties of sputum and their in vitro transport rate on the frog palate were not modified by terbutaline. The decrease in sputum volume and serum albumin concentration suggests a bronchial anti-inflammatory effect of this medication. PMID- 7030662 TI - The effect of oral aminophylline on lung mucociliary clearance in man. PMID- 7030663 TI - [Trichomonas hominis: isolation and axenic cultivation (author's transl)]. AB - Recently we have isolated Trichomonas hominis from diarrheic stools of a patient and established it in an axenic culture medium. The procedures are as follows: Diarrheic stool containing numerous trophozoites was first inoculated into the TYM (Trypticase Yeast extract Maltose) medium of Diamond (1975) to establish a polyxenic culture. Antibiotics, containing penicillin (1000 U/ml), streptomycin (1000 micrograms/ml), and cephalosporin (20 micrograms/ml) were added to prevent overgrowth of bacteria and fungi. After several passages, a specially-designed culture-tube was employed to separate T. hominis from the contaminants. The isolated T. hominis was then introduced into the modified TYI-S-33 (Trypticase Yeast extract Iron-Serum-33) medium of Diamond (1978). The organism established itself readily to this axenic culture medium. Sterility tests employing fluid thioglycollate, nutrient broth, and blood agar plate gave negative results indicating the absence of contaminants. The axenic culture of T. hominis provides us with a source of pure flagellates for biological, biochemical, and immunological studies. PMID- 7030664 TI - [Early and late extensive deep excision of necrotic tissues in skin burns]. PMID- 7030665 TI - [Slocum procedure in the treatment of chronic anterior-medial instability of the knee joint]. PMID- 7030666 TI - [Observation of the level of antibodies for E. coli in serum and immunologic state of patients with chronic hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030667 TI - [Specific diagnosis of epidemic encephalitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030668 TI - [Continuing research on the diagnosis of schistosomiasis with enzyme-linked antigen counter immunoelectrophoresis---its value in estimation of therapeutic effect and application in the fields (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030669 TI - [The application of homologous bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030670 TI - [A report on severe diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli enterotoxin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030671 TI - [A preliminary analysis of the distribution characteristics of botulism in Shihezi District of Xinjiang (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030672 TI - [Surgical treatment of ruptured aneurysm of aortic sinus in 18 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030673 TI - [Clinical and histological observations on intermingled pig skin and auto-skin transplantation in burns (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030674 TI - 25 years of the Czechoslovak Society for Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Hygiene. PMID- 7030675 TI - Proctalgia fugax. AB - Proctaglia fugax is a sudden severe pain in the rectum lasting a few seconds or minutes. It seems to occur in about 14% of apparently healthy adults, and there is some evidence that it is associated with the irritable bowel syndrome. The pathogenesis of the pain is unknown. Attacks are usually too brief and infrequent to warrant treatment, and no prophylactic drug has been proven effective. It is incurable but harmless, and tends to become less frequent with age. PMID- 7030676 TI - Complex carbohydrates in the diabetic diet. PMID- 7030677 TI - [Exfoliative cytology of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma--a study of 100 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030678 TI - [The application of leukocyte adherence inhibition assay in cancer patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030679 TI - [Absence of a hunger reaction of the insulin receptors in a liver with disordered innervation]. PMID- 7030680 TI - [Topography of the interaction of bacterial RNA polymerase subunits with lac UV5 promotor]. PMID- 7030681 TI - [Cloning of hepatitis B virus DNA in Escherichia coli]. PMID- 7030682 TI - [A case report of fistula between subclavian artery and innominate vein (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030683 TI - [Modern variants of bloodletting]. PMID- 7030684 TI - [Serum cholesterol and cancer risk]. PMID- 7030685 TI - [Scheuermann's disease. Clinical picture and evaluation of spinal osteochondrosis of adolescents]. PMID- 7030686 TI - [Adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer]. PMID- 7030687 TI - [Blood-sugar-controlled insulin infusion systems for rapid adjustment of insulin dependent diabetics (author's transl)]. AB - Empirically obtained data could be verified and the basis for assessment of total insulin requirement, circadian distribution of insulin doses and contents of single insulin portions of old and delayed-action insulin could be established in a prospective study in 13 insulin-dependent diabetics. Assessment of insulin requirements was done after a 36-hour investigation period with the artificial endocrine pancreas using standardised conditions. Readjustment was complemented by dietary advice and rearrangement of total calory input and distribution of carbohydrates during the day. Therapeutic success in 55 patients justifies this procedure. Adjustment of insulin-dependent diabetics was thus obtained more rapidly, better and at less cost. PMID- 7030688 TI - [Senile amyloidosis]. PMID- 7030689 TI - [Stenoses and occlusions of the innominate trunk (author's transl)]. AB - Direct comparison with neuroradiologic and surgical data show that stenoses and occlusions of the innominate trunk may be recognized safely by Doppler ultrasound despite localisation close to the aorta. Formation of sonographically demonstrable and haemodynamically complicated vascular by-passes is the reason for the mainly asymptomatic or very uncharacteristic complaints of these cases (78%) among the relatively rare stenosing occlusions of the lumen (0,65%) of the innominate trunk (18 out of 2768 patients). Only in four cases were there focal neurological losses or symptoms of hypoperfusion of the arm. Invasive diagnostic measures should thus be used sparingly. The indication for vascular surgery should be limited to a few cases as long as the natural course of these extracranial vascular changes and the risk of cerebral injury have not been established with certainty. PMID- 7030690 TI - [Myopathy in fattened turkeys caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030691 TI - [Results of factor-analysis in cows with defects of their livers and leftside displacement of abomasum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030692 TI - [Prophylaxis and therapy of psittacosis in the canary-winged parakeet (Brotogeris versicolorus chiriri (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030693 TI - [The effect of hemolysis on the measurement of various blood components in the cattle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030694 TI - [The diagnostic significance of isoenzymes of creatine-kinase (CK) in pigs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030695 TI - [Hygienic problems by civilization-following synanthropic animals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030696 TI - [The effect of xylazine and disopyramide on the toxicity and biotransformation of methyl parathion in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030697 TI - [About a case of fibromatosis of a saithe (Pollachius virens) (Short communication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030698 TI - [Parvovirus infection of an Alsatian. (Brief report)]. PMID- 7030699 TI - [Tetanus in cattle caused by dehorning with rubber bands]. PMID- 7030700 TI - The induction of mutation and differentiation in mammalian cells by chemicals which initiate or promote tumor formation. AB - A cell-mediated mutagenesis assay was developed to predict the potential carcinogenic hazard of some environmental chemicals. In this assay, cells with appropriate markers for mutagenesis, such as the Chinese hamster V79 cells, are co-cultivated with cells capable of metabolizing chemical carcinogens. Use of this assay made it possible to demonstrate a relationship between the degree of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of a series of polycyclic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines and aflatoxins, and to establish means to study organ specificity of some chemical carcinogens. However, most shortterm in vitro assays are designed to detect mutagenic activity and therefore do not detect tumor promoting agents which are devoid of this activity. By analyzing various markers of terminal differentiation in cultured human melanoma and myeloid leukemia cells, we have established a relationship between the activity of a series of tumor promoting phorbol diesters in the mouse skin and their ability to induce terminal differentiation. We suggest that measuring alterations in the differentiation. We suggest that measuring alterations in the differentiation characteristics of some cultured cells may represent an approach by which environmental tumor promoting agents can be studied and detected. PMID- 7030701 TI - Problems associated with the metabolic activation of carcinogens and mutagens in short-term tests. PMID- 7030702 TI - Studies on the mechanism of the synergistic carcinogenic response reported between ethylene and disulfiram and the implications for short term predictive screening tests. PMID- 7030703 TI - Reaction with DNA and DNA-repair in chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 7030704 TI - Morphological correlates of irreversible tumour formation. PMID- 7030705 TI - Epidemiologic approach to subclinical effects of metals in long-term occupational exposure. PMID- 7030706 TI - Biological monitoring of exposure to chemical pollutants; exposure tests, biological limits and methods of analysis: a review. PMID- 7030707 TI - Minoxidil: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. PMID- 7030709 TI - Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from stools of acute gastroenteritis cases in Lagos, Nigeria. PMID- 7030710 TI - [Biomedical information networks: the experience of the United States National Library of Medicine]. AB - A rapid and intensive flow of biomedical information is perceived increasingly as a requirement for the advancement of research, professional training, and the delivery of health services to an ever-growing human population. This article examines the concept of a network of information and cooperative services among medical libraries and national, regional and international data banks to maximize the sharing and use of the available resources. The background and record of the National Library of Medicine of the United States, which established the MEDLARS System, are described as a model for guidance. Since the end of the 19th century, when J. S. Billings, the foresighted first director of the Library, devised the first system for the indexing of medical literature, new techniques have been introduced step by step to facilitate the dissemination of biomedical information: mechanization and automatization of the placement of requests and data retrieval, telecommunications and satellite links to the fifteen data banks currently accessible to the user by direct communication through MEDLINE. For such a network to operate successfully, there must be a shift from the idea of regional or national benefit to the plane of global cooperation, through which a higher degree of self-sufficiency can be achieved. Also, relations between the various levels of the system must be based on a collaboration in which each entity pursues its own function subject to the character and multifarious scope of the common purposes. The success of BIREME in Latin America is cited as an incentive to developing countries to participate in the use and distribution of vital information through activities based on individual priorities without forgetting that what is important is not ideals and abstractions, but the human being with his needs, problems and real situation. PMID- 7030711 TI - [Documentation in developing countries and related technological issues]. AB - While bibliographical referencing and indexing services have risen to a high level of efficiency-thanks to computers and other technical innovations-the same cannot be said for documentation in the form of texts and charts. However early an order is placed, it can take weeks for the final stage of the process to be completed. If even in developed countries the process can be slow and costly, in developing countries it is affected by the same socioeconomic conditions that impede the provision of health services. In the latter countries wide variations are apparent in the numbers of libraries, collections and lending library systems, and in the accessibility of books and journals on health. For physicians and nurses at some remote locations the only source of information on discoveries and new ideas may be the advertising supplied to them by traveling medical salesmen. There are grounds for optimism, however. In these countries more and more important books and journals are being published in the health field. In Latin America a number of areas of national interaction have come into view which promise to grow into a true network of biomedical and health information. PMID- 7030712 TI - [The Latin American network of biomedical and health information: experience and future development]. AB - One of the problems that have traditionally plagued the teachers and researchers of Latin America in their day-to-day work is a lack of adequate bibliographical information. In an attempt to remedy this situation, in 1968 the Pan American Health Organization set up the Regional Library of Medicine and Health Sciences (BIREME) in the Paulista Medical School in Sao Paulo under an agreement with the Government of Brazil. In this article the Director of BIREME discusses the present state of an outlook for biomedical information in the Region and summarizes the work done by the Library in recent years. BIREME is doing an outstanding job not only of searching for and disseminating scientific information and training specialized staff, but also of promoting the establishment of national biomedical information subcenters (there are already eighteen in Brazil). It is also the hub of the Latin American network of biomedical and health information. With the help of the National Library of Medicine of the United States, BIREME has succeeded in developing into a center of high prestige in its field. Its most notable accomplishments include the compilation of the Index Medicus Latinoamericano, which is published semiannually since 1979 and embraces the output of 250 scientific publications, thereby filling the major gap that had existed in this field. PMID- 7030713 TI - [Documentation programs and health information in Latin America and the Caribbean]. PMID- 7030708 TI - Clinical pharmacology of sulphonylurea hypoglycaemic agents: part 2. PMID- 7030714 TI - [COmparative pharmacokinetic studies of 5-nitrox and 5-NOK in volunteers]. AB - The authors carried out studies on 8 volunteers with normal renal function after a single dose of 5-nitrox of 200 to 250 mg (mean 3 mg/kg of body weight). The dynamics of concentrations in plasma and urine was discovered. On the basis of the obtained experimental data the therapeutic scheme of application was indicated. The comparative studies with the analogous preparation 5-nok (of the firm LEK-Lubliana), administered on the same contingent under the same conditions of the trial, showed similar results both in respect of plasma concentrations and in respect of its excretion in urine. PMID- 7030715 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies of 5-nitrox in kidney failure patients]. AB - The authors carried out initial pharmacokinetic studies of 5-nitrox on patients with compensated, first and second degree of decompensated renal insufficiency in view of determining dosage and intervals for application of the preparation. They found regular changes in the profile of the curves, manifesting the concentrations of 5-nitrox in plasma and urine for each interval of time-with advancement of renal insufficiency the peak levels diminished and were seen at later intervals as the course of the curves were of plateau character in patients with second degree of renal insufficiency. The analysis of the results showed that treatment of patients with decompensated renal insufficiency was not justified due to the retention of relatively high plasma level up to the 12th hour and rather low, unefficient concentrations of urine. 5-nitrox could be used in a single dose of 200 mg at 8-hour intervals in patients with compensated first degree of decompensated renal insufficiency. PMID- 7030716 TI - Dynamic time-course studies of the spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rat. I. Longitudinal profiles of plasma growth hormone, insulin, and glucose. PMID- 7030717 TI - Immunohistochemical identification of a novel substance with human growth hormone like immunoreactivity in rat brain. AB - Through use of an antiserum directed against hGH, an immunoreactive hGH-like material has been identified in the rat brain by peroxidase immunohistochemistry. Peroxidase-positive material was found in beaded, neuronal fibers in the external zone of the median eminence, lateral septum, and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and was unaffected by prior hypophysectomy. After pretreatment with intraventricular colchicine, numerous immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies were visualized within the parvocellular medial division of the paraventricular nucleus, periventricular nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, lateral hypothalamus, and preoptic area. Immunohistochemical staining was completely abolished by preincubation of the antiserum with 10(-6) M hGH, the 20,000 mol wt variant of hGH. hGH dimer, core peptide 20-64/135-167, proteolytically derived hGH fragments 1-134 and 147-91, and human placental lactogen. There was no diminution in staining after preincubation with hGH N-terminal fragment 1-43, hGH C-terminal fragment 171-191, rat GH, rat or human PRL, and numerous other neuropeptides and anterior pituitary hormones. Bilateral electrolytic ablation of the paraventricular nucleus area caused a loss of immunostaining in the median eminence. These results indicate the presence of a hitherto undescribed intrinsic neuronal system in rat brain that contains a substance bearing immunological similarity to the midportion of the hGH molecule and to human placental lactogen. It is proposed that this substance is part of a tuberoinfundibular neuronal system deriving from the parvocellular medial division of the paraventricular nucleus-immunoreactive perikarya and may, therefore, be involved in hypophysial regulation. It may also act as a neuromodulator of limbic lobe structures and other hypothalamic regions. PMID- 7030718 TI - Selective placental secretion of estrogens into fetal and maternal circulations. PMID- 7030719 TI - Specific insulin binding sites in rat testis: characterization and variation. AB - We have found high affinity binding of insulin not only in rat liver and kidney, but also in testis and male sex accessory tissues, prostate, seminal vesicle, and epididymis. We have studied particularly the characteristics of insulin binding in the testis. Membranes sedimenting at 100,000 X g showed the highest binding after 6-20 h of incubation at 0 C. Higher temperatures (15 and 25 C) resulted in lower binding. More than 90% of membrane-bound radioactivity after long incubations at 0 C was eluted at the same position as insulin by Sephadex G-50 chromatography. Membranes could be stored at -80 C for several weeks without loss of activity. Studies on binding specificity showed the following order of competition relative to insulin (100): desalanine insulin (84), proinsulin (2), and desoctapeptide insulin (1). Other peptidic hormones, LH, FSH, PRL, GH, glucagon, and ACTH-(1-24) were totally ineffective. Scatchard representation of the binding data could be resolved into two components with respective affinity constant (Ka) of 1.6 X 10(9) M-1 and 3 X 10(6) M-1. Testicular high affinity binding in adult rats did not vary after 3 days of starvation. However, it increased with age from 1-6 months. By contrast, in rat liver, this type of binding increased after starvation but decreased slightly at 6 months of age. These results show that testicular insulin receptors are similar to those of the liver but may have a different physiological control. PMID- 7030720 TI - Absence of prolactin surge during the period of premature ovulation induced by human chorionic gonadotropin or luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in diestrous rats. AB - The concentration of plasma prolactin during the period of premature ovulation induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) or luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) in diestrous rats was determined at 3 hr intervals from 1700 hr on the day of diestrus (day 0) to 2300 hr on the day of proestrus (day 1). Premature ovulation was induced by either a single injection of 10 IU HCG at 1700 hr on day 0 or three injections of 1 microgram LH-RH at 1 hr intervals from 1700 to 1900 hr on day 0. In saline-treated controls, the concentration of prolactin in plasma was low during diestrus but increased on the afternoon of proestrus with a peak value at 1700 hr, followed by an abrupt decline at 2300 hr on the same day. However, there was no significant rise in the plasma prolactin level throughout the period of observation in HCG-treated rats. In the LH-RH treated group, the prolactin level in plasma did not change until 1100 hr on day 1, but significantly increased at 1400 hr on the same day then declined by 2300 hr, though no significant difference was observed at any time when compared to HCG treated rats. These results indicate that no prolactin surge occurred during the period of premature ovulation. PMID- 7030721 TI - Effect of islet-activating protein (IAP) upon insulin secretion from human pancreatic islets. AB - A new protein termed islet-activating protein (IAP) has recently been extracted from the culture medium of Bordetella pertussis, and shown to enhance insulin secretion in vivo in rats or in vitro in isolated pancreatic islets due to activation of native calcium ionophores. However, it has not been clarified whether or not IAP enhances the secretion of insulin in human pancreatic islets. In order to examine the effect of IAP on human pancreatic islets, pancreatic tissues were obtained from seven patients who had appeared normal in a glucose tolerance test prior to pancreatectomy. Insulin secretion was significantly increased in IAP treated pancreatic islets by the glucose and the arginine stimuli. It is concluded that IAP enhances the insulin secretion in response to insulin secretagogues in human pancreatic islets, suggesting the possible clinical application of IAP to diabetic patients. PMID- 7030722 TI - Basic peptide with insulin-like activity in human serum. AB - A peptide with insulin-like activity was isolated from human plasma. In the purification, insulin-like activity (ILA) was monitored by radioreceptor assay for insulin, using human placental membrane and [125I]-insulin. ILA was extracted from Cohn fraction III with acid-ethanol and chromatographed on Sephadex G-75 in 1% formic acid. When the active fractions were subjected to ion-exchange chromatography with CM-cellulose, the ILA was adsorbed to the column at pH 5.0 and was eluted with a gradient of ammonium acetate. The chromatographic behavior of the ILA was not identical to that of somatomedin A as determined by radioreceptor assay (RRA) for the latter. On isoelectric focusing of the ILA from the CM-cellulose column, insulin-like activity was distributed over a wide pH range. The ILA that was focused at pH 7.5-9.0 was further purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 in 1 M acetic acid. The specific activity of the basic ILA was approximately 200 mU insulin equivalent /mg protein. The apparent molecular weight of the material was estimated to be 7,000. It stimulated [14C] glucose oxidation in rat epididymal fat cells and had sulfation activity in chick chondrocytes. Furthermore, the basic ILA had a potent mitogenic activity in Balb/c-3T3 cells. Thus, the basic ILA is qualified as an 'insulin-like growth factor' (IGF). It is obviously different from somatomedin A, and may be closely related to IGF-I or somatomedin C. Subsequently, RRA for the basic ILA was developed in serum concentration of the basic ILA were determined. The serum concentrations of the basic ILA were high in acromegalics and low in patients with hypopituitarism. Thus, the basic ILA is entitled to be one of the IGFs. PMID- 7030723 TI - Insulin binding to erythrocytes in diabetic patients. AB - Insulin binding to circulating erythrocytes was studied in 32 maturity onset-type diabetic patients with varying degrees of insulin response to oral glucose. Specifically bound-insulin fraction to erythrocytes ranged from 4.9 to 12.7% at a tracer concentration of insulin. A negative correlation was found between the binding and fasting serum insulin concentration (r = -0.45). When the binding was compared with sum of serum insulin concentrations at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the oral administration of 50 g glucose (sigma IRI), a better correlation was obtained (R = -0.63). Patients were classified into group A (sigma IRI less than or equal to 100 microunits/ml), group B (100 microunits/ml less than sigma IRI less than 200 muml) and group C (sigma IRI greater than or equal to 200 microunits/ml). Scatchard analysis of the competition data from each group indicated that erythrocytes from group a showed the highest concentration of receptors (60 sites/erythrocyte) while the lowest from group C (36 sites/erythrocyte). The receptor affinity was not significantly different among the groups. These results suggest that insulin receptors on human erythrocytes are regulated by the ambient insulin concentration as shown in receptors on insulin target cells. Therefore, erythrocytes seem useful for the study of insulin receptors in conditions associated with altered insulin sensitivity. PMID- 7030724 TI - No reduction of blood glucose in diabetic rats after oral administration of insulin liposomes prepared under acidic conditions. AB - Insulin liposomes (dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine or dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol = 7/2) were prepared under strongly acidic conditions maintaining the biological activity of insulin. Although these were apparently noncharged liposomes, the association of insulin with membrane of liposomes was unexpectedly very large, and the uptake % of insulin was high. The distribution of vesicle-size of liposomes was narrow; the average diameter was 9.1 micrometer and no multilayered structures were observed by electron microscopy. Oral administration of the insulin liposomes (15-30 IU/rat) in streptozotocin-diabetic rats did not result in any distinct tendency to reduce the level of blood glucose. PMID- 7030725 TI - Time course of content of insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide in human pancreatic tissue obtained by surgery. AB - In order to know the degree of the destruction of peptide hormones in pancreatic tissue of autopsied material, the time courses of the degradation of pancreatic insulin, glucagon and hPP were studied using surgically operated pancreatic pieces kept at room or low temperature. Amounts of insulin, glucagon and hPP in pancreatic tissue were determined by radioimmunoassay. Insulin in the pancreas just after resection was 2.58 +/- 0.33 U/g (mean +/- SE). At 3 hrs it decreased to 66.4 +/- 3.8%, at 6 hrs, to 68.5 +/- 5.1% and at 12 hrs to 51.7 +/- 11.4% of the initial value in the tissues kept at room temperature (20-22 degrees C) When the tissues were kept at 4 degrees C, 90.7 +/- 3.9% of insulin at 3 hrs, 88.5 +/- 7.0% at 6 hrs, and 80.3 +/- 2.6% at 12 hrs were preserved. 81.3 +/- 13.9% of the initial hPP was present in the tissues after 6 hrs at room temperature, and it decreased to 20.7 +/- 5.7% after 12 hrs, whereas no significant decrease in hPP was found even after 12 hrs at low temperature. Glucagon content at starting point was 16.85 +/- 4.05 micrograms/g and at 3 hrs in the room temperature it fell to 7.46 +/- 3.53 micrograms/g (41.5 +/- 9.8%) and at 6 and 12 hrs only 14.4 +/- 4.1% and 5.8 +/- 4.2% were left, respectively. At low temperature, at 3 hrs 79.3 +/- 8.9%, at 6 hrs 62.2 +/- 14.7% and at 12 hrs 53.5 +/- 16.6% was preserved. These findings indicate that special consideration should be taken from the viewpoint of the destruction of hormones in pancreatic tissues obtained at autopsy. PMID- 7030726 TI - [Metabolic clearance rate coefficient, half-life and urinary excretion of exogenous gonadotropin releasing hormone in healthy persons]. PMID- 7030727 TI - [Studies on the lipid metabolism indicators, glucose tolerance and insulin and glucagon secretion during conservative treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Summary of the thesis]. PMID- 7030728 TI - [Uncoupling of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in Cushing's syndrome]. PMID- 7030729 TI - A comparison of the ability of frog and rat S-9 to activate promutagens in the Ames test. AB - A mutagenesis assay employing the frog, Rana pipiens, is currently under development [McKinnell et al, 1979]. A question that must be answered is whether the frog is metabolically capable of activating a large number of promutagens. The Ames assay offers a simple means of comparing the metabolism of mutagens by different animal species. The Ames response obtained with frog-liver S-9 was compared to the response with rat-liver S-9, using the following compounds: Benzo(a)pyrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, 2-amino-fluorene, azobenzene, Sudan II, dibutylnitrosamine, hydrazine sulfate, hydroxyethylhydrazine, cyclophosphamide, 1,2-dichloroethane, tris(2,3 dibromopropyl)phosphate, diallate, quinoline, quercetin, aflatoxin B 1, emodin, and safrole. Of these compounds, activation by rat S-9 was observed for all except hydrazine sulfate and safrole. All except Sudan II, 1,2-dichloroethane, quinoline, and safrole gave positive Ames responses with frog S-9. In general, the responses with frog S-9 were quantitatively lower than those obtained with Aroclor-induced rat S-9; however, the optimum procedure for frog-liver induction has not been determined. The response to dichloroethane is very sensitive to the amount of activating enzyme present; it might be positive with optimally induced frog S-9. Thus, only two of the 15 compounds positive with rat S-9 were definitely missed when tested with frog S-9. We feel that the frog assay appears to be promising from the standpoint of false-negatives. PMID- 7030730 TI - The evaluation of the epoxide diluent, n-butylglycidyl ether, in a series of mutagenicity assays. AB - The epoxide diluent, n-butylglycidyl ether (n-BGE), was tested in vitro for mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium and for transforming ability in mouse embryo cells (BAlb/3T3-A31-1-13). The n-BGE produced base-pair type mutations in S typhimurium strains TA1535 and TA100. However, it failed to transform mouse embryo cells when assayed up to toxic levels. The mutagenic activity could not be detected in the urine of mice, although several doses, routes of administrations, and lengths of exposure were examined. Orally administered n-BGE did not produce any increase in micronuclei in mice, but when the diluent was administered intraperitoneally, either one or two times, dose-related increases in the number of micronuclei were observed. PMID- 7030731 TI - Genotoxic activity in microorganisms of tetryl, 1,3-dinitrobenzene and 1,3,5 trinitrobenzene. AB - N-Methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline (tetryl), 1,3-dinitrobenzene, and 1,3,5 trinitrobenzene were subjected to DNA repair assays using the Escherichia coli W3110/polA+, p3478/polA- system, reverse mutation assays with His-Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, and TA100, and mitotic recombinogenic tests with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae D5. Tests were carried out in the absence of an exogenous activation system and in tissue homogenate-mediated assays using Aroclor 1254-induced, male rat-liver-derived S9 mix. Mutagenic activity of tetryl was demonstrated with S typhimurium strains TA1537, TA1538, TA98, and TA100. The responses were particularly strong in the absence of S9 mix. Tetryl also induced increases in recombinant numbers and frequencies in the S cerevisiae test without the S9 mix, but not in its presence. 1,3-Dinitrobenzene was demonstrated to be mutagen with S typhimurium strains TA1538, TA98, and TA100. Slight activity was also seen with TA1537. The S9 mix reduced the magnitude of the responses. 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene was also demonstrated to be mutagenic with S typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, and TA100. Again, the S9 mix reduced the magnitude of the responses. In this segment of a programme initiated by military authorities, the genotoxic potential of three nitroaromatic compounds, which have found significant use in explosive preparations, has been demonstrated. Twelve other compounds used in ordnance were not active in any of the test systems. These were octahydro-1 acetyl-3,5,7-trinitro-S-tetramine (SEX), hexahydro-1,3-dinitro-5-acetyl-S triamine (TAX), ethyl centralite, 2-nitrodiphenylamine, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, diphenylamine, diethyleneglycoldinitrate, nitroguanidine, lead salicylate, lead resorcylate, red phosphorus, and zinc chloride. PMID- 7030732 TI - Surgical treatment of gunshot injuries of long bones, complicated by delayed union and non-union. PMID- 7030733 TI - Fragments of ribosomal protein S1 and its mutant form m1-S1. Localization of nucleic-acid-binding domain in the middle region of S1. AB - Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S1 and its mutant, shorter, form m1-S1 were cleaved at internal methionyl residues to yield, respectively, six and five fragments of Mr ranging from 1000 to 24000. Methods are described to isolate the fragments in pure form. Four of the fragments (designated F2a, F2b, F3 and F4) contain between 86 and 215 amino acids and are therefore as large as other ribosomal proteins. Fragment F2a, derived from the N-terminal region, has previously been shown to contain the major ribosome binding domain of S1 [S. Giorginis and A. R. Subramanian (1980) J. Mol. Biol. 141, 393--408]. Here we show that the RNA binding domain of S1 is essentially contained in F3 derived from the middle region of S1 and carrying the nonreactive--SH group. The reactive--SH group of S1, whose activity is modified by ligand binding, was localized in F2b, a fragment with little RNA binding capacity. The characteristic RNA binding domain and a weak ribosome binding domain of S1 have previously been localized in the large trypsin-resistent core S1-F1 [T. Suryanarayana and A. R. Subramanian (1979) J. Mol. Biol. 127, 41--54]. Together these data indicate that two of the key functional domain of S1 are located in two regions of the molecule separated by an open, exposed segment. The present study also revealed that the nonreactive -SH group of S1 becomes reactive in m1-S1 by the loss of the remote C-terminal region in the latter. PMID- 7030734 TI - Modification of tryptophanase with tetranitromethane. AB - Modification of apotryptophanase with tetranitromethane [C(NO2)4] resulted in a loss of enzymatic activity, whereas holotryptophanase was highly resistant against C(NO2)4-inactivation. The essential importance of the active-site-bound pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (pyridoxal-P) for the protection was confirmed by the agreement of K 1/2 (protection) (1.2 microM) for pyridoxal-P with Km (1.5 microM) in enzyme catalysis. Amino acid analyses and inactivation stoichiometry showed that modification of 1--2 tyrosyl residues per monomer caused complete inactivation. The appearance of 430-nm species upon incubation of C(NO2)4 inactivated apoenzyme with pyridoxal-P indicated that the C(NO2)4-inactivated apoenzyme could still bind the coenzyme, although an affinity of the enzyme for pyridoxal-P (Kd = 51 microM) was much lower than that of the native enzyme (Kd = 0.7 microM). A close relationship was observed between the cofactor activity of monovalent cations and their effectiveness in the protection by pyridoxal-P: in the presence of active monovalent cations (K+, NH+4 and Rb+) pyridoxal-P could provide the protection but not in the presence of inactive cations (Li+, Na+ and Cs+) as well as in the absence of inorganic monovalent cations. From the experimental results obtained it was suggested strongly that tryptophanase has essential tyrosyl residues near the active site. The tyrosyl residues were prevented from the attack of C(NO2)4 by the active-site-bound pyridoxal-P only in the catalytically active holoenzyme. PMID- 7030735 TI - Affinity labeling of horse-liver alcohol dehydrogenase by 3-chloroacetylpyridine- adenine dinucleotide. PMID- 7030736 TI - Stereospecificity and other properties of a novel secondary-alcohol-specific alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from the methanol-grown Methylcoccus sp. CRL M1 (type I membrane), Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b (type II membrane), Methylobacterium organophillum CRL 26 (type II membrane, facultative methylotroph). Pseudomonas sp. ATCC 21439, and Pichia pastoris Y-55 are secondary alcohol-specific and that from P. pastoris Y-7556 is not. This novel secondary alcohol-specific alcohol dehydrogenase (secondary-alcohol dehydrogenase) has been purified from methanol-grown Pseudomonas sp. ATCC 21439. Secondary-alcohol dehydrogenase shows a single protein band on acrylamide gel electrophoresis and has a molecular weight of 95000. It consists of two subunits of Mr 48000 daltons and two atoms of zinc per molecule of enzyme protein. It oxidizes secondary alcohols, notably 2-propanol and 2-butanol. Primary alcohols are not oxidized. The pH and temperature optima for secondary-alcohol dehydrogenase are 8--9, and 30--35 degrees C, respectively. The activation energy calculated is 82.8 kJ. Secondary-alcohol dehydrogenase also catalyzes the reduction of methyl ketones to their corresponding 2-alcohols in the presence of NADH (a reverse reaction). The Km values at 25 degrees C in the forward reaction for 2-butanol, (2R)-(-)-butan-2 ol, and NAD, and in the reverse reaction for 2-butanone and NADH are 2.5 x 10(-4) M, 1.6 x 10(-4) M, 11 x 10(-5) M, 1.98 x 10(-4) M, and 2.1 x 10(-6) M, respectively. The secondary-alcohol dehydrogenase activity was inhibited by metal chelating agents and by strong thio reagents such as p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The substrate specificity, and mobility on gel electrophoresis of secondary-alcohol dehydrogenase and primary-alcohol dehydrogenases are compared. Secondary-alcohol dehydrogenase oxidizes preferentially the (-)-2-butanol. This is different from primary-alcohol dehydrogenase from bakers' yeast which oxidizes only the (+)-2-butanol. This may be explained in terms of the structure of the enzymes. PMID- 7030737 TI - Comparison of the mannan structure from the cell-wall mutant Candida sp. M-7002 and its wild type. I. Characterization of the proteo-mannan from the mutant and the wild-type cells. AB - The cell-wall mutant of a hydrocarbon-assimilating yeast, Candida sp. M-7002 and its wild type have shown a significant difference in mannose content. Each mannan was isolated from the mutant and the wild-type cells by fractionation with Cetavlon and copper reagent. Both mannans contain D-mannose, D-glucose and phosphate. The mutant mannan has a relatively high content of protein (18% in weight bases) whereas the wild-type mannan has a low protein content (5.1%) with a high amount of carbohydrate (greater than 90%). Structural analyses by enzymatic and chemical methods showed that both mannans had a mannosidic (alpha 1 -6)-linked back bone substituted at O-2 by side chains of varying length. The side chains of the mutant mannan were shown to consist of single mannose units and disaccharide units whose linkages were predominantly alpha 1--2, while the wild-type mannan had two additional side chains of disaccharides. These additional side chains had alpha 1--3 linkages which were scarcely found in the mutant mannan. beta-Elimination reaction demonstrated that the mannans also contain mannosyl oligosaccharides linked to protein through O-glycosidic linkage. The chemical properties of the mannan of the Candida mutant indicates that the mutation might occur not only in the side chain structure but also in the (alpha 1--6)-linked mannan back bone. PMID- 7030738 TI - Comparison of the mannan structure from the cell-wall mutant Candida sp. M-7002 and its wild type. II. Immunochemical properties of the mannans. AB - The structure of the proteomannans from the cell-wall mutant Candida sp. and its parent strain was further studied by immunochemical methods. Alkaline titration showed that the phosphate is present in the form of diester and mild acid treatment released mannose from both of the mannans. In the wild-type mannan, the phosphorylated side-chain oligosaccharides gave 85% inhibition and a mannopentaose side chain having alpha 1--3 linkage in the nonreducing terminal also gave 40% inhibition in the homologous precipitin reaction. This indicates that the immunodominant side chain of the Candida sp. wild type mannan is the phosphorylated mannopentaose which has an (alpha 1--3)-linked nonreducing terminal. In the mutant system, a significant reactivity in the cross reaction between the mutant antiserum and Kloeckera brevis mannan indicates that the immunodeterminant of the mutant mannan may be a structural analogue of the side chain oligosaccharide from K. brevis, which has phosphorylated (alpha 1--3) linked mannotriose. However, no definite results were obtained in the inhibition studies. On the basis of the results from chemical, enzymatical and immunological experiments, the side-chain structure and macromolecular models of Candida sp. wild-type and mutant mannans are proposed. PMID- 7030739 TI - tRNA thiolated pyrimidines as targets for near-ultraviolet-induced synthesis of guanosine tetraphosphate in Escherichia coli. AB - Illumination with near-ultraviolet light triggers synthesis of ppGpp (guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate) not only in growing Escherichia coli cells containing the putative chromophore 4-thiouridine in their tRNAs [Ramabhadran, T. V and Jagger, J. (1976) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 73, 59--69], but also in nuv- cells which lack 4-thiouridine. The burst of ppGpp in nuv- cells is, however, induced exclusively by light of wavelengths shorter than 350 nm. Its maximum level is half that obtained in the parental strain. This ppGpp synthesis is also under the control of the relA gene, indicating that it is due to the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs. A candidate likely to trigger this effect is a 5 methylaminomethyl-2-thiouracil residues present in the first position of the anticodon loop of tRNAGlu, tRNALys and one tRNAGln isoacceptor. In conditions in vitro, this base is highly photoreactive at wavelengths shorter than 350 nm. Furthermore, near-ultraviolet-photomodified tRNAGlu and tRNALys become poor substrates of their acylation enzyme. PMID- 7030740 TI - Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from baker's yeast. 1. Purification and some kinetic and regulatory properties. AB - Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, for the first time, was highly purified from commercial baker's yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae). Proteolytic degradation was prevented by the inclusion of the protease inhibitors pepstatin A, leupeptin, and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride during the enzyme purification. The yield from 1 kg of pressed yeast was about 15--20 mg enzyme with a specific activity of 17--30 U/mg. Most of the kinetic and regulatory properties of the yeast enzyme were found similar to those of the mammalian mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes except that Km for pyruvate, when assayed at the pH optimum, was much higher than in the mammalian complexes and resembled the values reported for the complexes of gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, neither in yeast homogenates nor in the isolated yeast pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, was any evidence found for regulation by interconversion (phosphorylation-dephosphorylation) as occurs in mammals, plants, and Neurospora crassa. PMID- 7030741 TI - Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from baker's yeast. 2. Molecular structure, dissociation, and implications for the origin of mitochondria. AB - 1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is similar in size (s20,w 77 S) and flavin content (1.3--1.4 nmol/mg) to the complexes from mammalian mitochondria. 2. The relative molecular masses of the constituent polypeptide chains, as determined by dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis at different gel concentrations, were: lipoate acetyltransferase (E2), 58 000; lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3), 56 000; pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), alpha-subunit, 45 000, and beta-subunit, 35 000. Gel chromatography in the presence of 6 M guanidine . HCl gave a value of 52 000 for E2 indicating anomalous electrophoretic migration as described for the E2 components of other pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes. Thus, the organization and subunit Mr values are similar with the mammalian complexes and virtually identical with the complexes of gram positive bacteria but differ greatly from the pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes of gram-negative bacteria. 3. The complex was resolved into its component enzymes by the following methods. E1 was obtained by treatment of the complex with elastase followed by gel chromatography on Sepharose CL-2B using a reverse ammonium sulfate gradient for elution. E2 was isolated by gel filtration of the complex in the presence of 2 M KBr, and E3 was obtained by hydroxyapatite chromatography in 8 M urea. The isolated enzymes reassociated spontaneously to give pyruvate dehydrogenase overall activity. PMID- 7030742 TI - Spectral properties of cytochrome b-561 and cytochrome b-565 in mucidin-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The oxidation of NADH in submitochondrial particles isolated from MUC1, MUC2 and MUC3 mucidin-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is specifically resistant to mucidin. Extra reduction of cytochrome b-565 induced by mucidin is demonstrated in all tested mucidin-resistant mutants. Red shift of cytochrome b 561 is induced by mucidin in two independent MUC3 mutants. In MUC1 and MUC2 mutants, the red shift is not induced by mucidin, while that promoted by antimycin A and 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide are normal. It is concluded that the extra reduction of cytochrome b-565 and the red shift of cytochrome b 561 elicited by mucidin can be largely dissociated from the overall inhibition of the electron flow by distinct mucidin-resistant mutations in different exons of the split mitochondrial gene of cytochrome b. PMID- 7030743 TI - Structure and reactivity relationship in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Dinitrophenylation of cysteine residues of yeast and rabbit muscle enzymes. AB - Dinitrophenylation of rabbit muscle and yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases modifies only SH groups. The rabbit muscle apoenzyme loses 75% of its original activity upon dinitrophenylation of two SH groups per tetramer whereas the yeast apoenzyme is totally inactivated under the same conditions. Dinitrophenylation of the active-site cysteine-149 of rabbit muscle and yeast holoenzymes results in an loss of activity corresponding to a 'half-of-the-sites' and a 'full-sites' reactivity, respectively. Determination of the sulphydryl content of the modified enzymes shows an unmasking of the cysteine residues of the dinitrophenylated rabbit muscle apoenzyme which is not observed for the yeast protein. However, conformational changes are revealed for both dinitrophenylated apoenzymes by differential absorption spectroscopy or by limited proteolysis. Sulphydryl group unmasking is not observed after modification of the cysteine residues of the rabbit muscle holoenzyme but it does occur when dinitrophenylation is performed in the presence of two moles NAD+/mole rabbit muscle enzyme. Although the apoenzyme is sensitive to an induced conformational change, our results favour symmetrical structures for both yeast apo and holo enzymes. The bis-dinitrophenylated rabbit muscle apoenzyme presents all the characteristics of an asymmetrical structure; however, it is not possible to deduce whether this symmetry is due to the chemical modification or whether it preexists in the native apoenzyme. The results of the dinitrophenylation of the rabbit holoenzyme, however, indicate that this enzyme possesses an asymmetrical structure. PMID- 7030744 TI - The effects of high ethanol doses on rates of ethanol oxidation in rats. A reassessment of factors controlling rates of ethanol oxidation in vivo. AB - 1. Ethanol was oxidised more slowly by rats which were given an ethanol dose of 5.1 g/kg than by rats which were given an ethanol dose of 1.4 g/kg. 2. A positive correlation was found between [lactate]/[pyruvate] ratios and rates of ethanol oxidation. 3. Acetaldehyde concentrations varied widely between rats, but in some cases were high enough to influence rates of ethanol oxidation. 4. Liver alcohol dehydrogenase levels were just sufficient to account for ethanol oxidation rates observed in vivo. 5. Pre-administration of a large ethanol dose (6.5 g/kg) did not alter mean [lactate]/[pyruvate] ratios or ethanol oxidation rates during metabolism of test doses of 2.5 g/kg. 6. Injection of pyruvate did not increase rates of ethanol oxidation. 7. The results do not support suggestions that a high Km ethanol oxidising system plays an important role in vivo, that increased rates of ethanol oxidation can be induced by large, acute ethanol doses or that the rate of NADH reoxidation controls rates of ethanol metabolism. 8. The results support other evidence which has indicated that the level of alcohol dehydrogenase is the major factor limiting rates of ethanol oxidation in vivo. PMID- 7030745 TI - Hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma. AB - The authors report the case of a 12-year-old boy with hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma. Pathogenetic aspects and the HLA genotype are discussed. To reduce the hyperglycaemia, a continuous intravenous infusion of regular insulin at a low rate was used. The too rapidly infused sodium-bicarbonate overloaded tha body with sodium and caused intracellular sodium accumulation with edema. This could explain the disorientation after regaining consciousness. Much more important than the sodium-bicarbonate infusion is an accurate rehydration regimen. PMID- 7030746 TI - Circadian effect on carbamazepine kinetics in rat. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the time of day (24 h) at which carbamazepine is administered influences its pharmacokinetics in the rat. The pharmacokinetics of a single, 100 mg . kg-1 bodyweight per os, dose of carbamazepine were studied at four different fixed time points of a 24-hour period (i.e. 10.00, 16.00, 22.00 or 04.00 h) in Wistar AF-SPF adult male rats maintained under controlled environmental conditions (LD: 18.00 - 06.00h) during October 1978. The total plasma levels and the unbound fraction were measured according to an immunoenzymatic method (EMIT). The effects of fasting were also investigated. The data shows circadian variations of pharmacokinetic parameters: the maximum peak concentration and the maximum time to reach this peak was observed when the drug was given respectively at 16.00h and at 10.00h. The elimination half-life varied from 15.15 hours at 16.00h to 10.48 hours at 22.00h. The observed variations may be related to: daily fluctuations of absorption or binding of the drug; diurnal variations of the hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes responsible for the inactivation; and/or diurnal variations in excretion rate of the drug. PMID- 7030747 TI - The treatment of advanced testicular carcinoma with high dose chemotherapy and autologous marrow support. PMID- 7030748 TI - Role of various vasodepressor systems in the acute hypotensive effect of captopril in man. AB - The acute hypotensive effect of captopril 25 mg was investigated in 26 hypertensive patients (11 with essential and 15 with renal arterial disease). Intra-arterial blood pressure was recorded continuously and arterial blood was sampled for renin, angiotensin I and II, aldosterone, kininase II, catecholamines and prostaglandins. Captopril led to an increase in plasma renin activity, active and total plasma renin concentration and angiotensin I, a decrease in plasma kininase II activity, angiotensin II, aldosterone, prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha and no change in plasma (nor) adrenaline, dopamine and inactive renin concentration. The hypotensive effect of captopril was related to the changes in plasma angiotensin II level and inversely to the changes in prostaglandin E2; the correlation coefficients were low, respectively 0.61 and -0.44. It is likely that the acute hypotensive effect of captopril to some extent is related to changes in plasma angiotensin II and in prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha. There is no evidence for a role of the adrenergic systems in the hypotensive response. PMID- 7030749 TI - Effect of long-term beta-blockade with alprenolol on platelet function and fibrinolytic activity in patients with coronary heart disease. AB - In 14 patients with coronary heart disease the effect of long-term treatment (mean 16 months, range 12-33) with alprenolol on platelet function and fibrinolytic activity was studied. While on the beta-blocker and two weeks after gradual withdrawal of it, the patients performed a bicycle-ergometer test and blood samples were obtained before and following exercise. Pre-exercise fibrinolytic activity, assessed by the euglobulin clot lysis time, was 183 +/- 27 min (mean +/- SEM) while on alprenolol as compared to 111 +/- 18 min (p less than 0.01) after its withdrawal. Activation of fibrinolysis following exercise was not significantly influenced by alprenolol. In patients treated with alprenolol, the pre-exercise threshold level of ADP, producing platelet aggregation was 3.3 muM (geometric mean) and 5.1 muM after stopping treatment (p less than or equal to 0.05). In patients receiving the beta-blocker, the ADP- threshold value dropped from 3.3 muM before exercise to 2.3 muM immediately after exercise (not significant). The corresponding values after withdrawal of alprenolol were 5.1 muM and 2.7 muM (p less than or equal to 0.02). Adrenaline - stimulated aggregation was not significantly influenced by alprenolol. Serotonin release from platelets following maximal ADP- and adrenaline stimuli was not significantly changed by exercise in patients on beta-blockade. After stopping treatment, ADP-induced serotonin release was 22 +/- 4.1% before and 15 +/- 4.7% after exercise (p less than 0.02). the corresponding values using the adrenaline stimulus were 29 +/- 5.7% and 17 +/- 4.7% (p less than 0.05). It is suggested that during physical stress alprenolol may protect platelets against aggregatory stimuli. PMID- 7030750 TI - Correlation between propranolol in plasma and urine, renin-aldosterone system and blood pressure in essential hypertension. AB - Thirty patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension, and a fixed elevation of diastolic blood pressure, were randomly allocated to three groups and treated with propranolol 40 mg x 4 (Group 1), 80 mg x 4 (group 2) and 160 mg x 4 (Group 3). Blood pressure (BP), pulse rate (PR), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), total plasma propranolol (tPP), free plasma propranolol (fPP), and 24 h urinary propranolol excretion (UP) were determined at the end of four consecutive periods: (A) after four weeks without any treatment; (B) after two to three weeks during which the propranolol dose was gradually increased to the intended level; (C) after four weeks, and (D) after eight weeks of unchanged treatment. The maximum reduction in diastolic BP occurred after period B, and in systolic BP after Period C, for Groups 2 and 3, and for all groups together; for Group 1, however, the maximum diastolic BP reduction was first seen after period C. PR was reduced to the same level in all groups after period B. After period B, PRA an PAC fell in all groups, and remained reduced during C and D Group 1. After periods C and D, PRA and PAC in Groups 2 and 3 did not differ significantly from the levels after period A; tPP, fPP and UP were significantly correlated with the propranolol dose, and were lowest in Group 1 and highest in Group 3; UP was negatively correlated with systolic but not diastolic BP in Periods B, C and D. In contrast neither fPP nor tPP were correlated with systolic or diastolic BP. There was no significant correlation between PRA, PAC and changes in PRA or PAC on the one hand and tPP, fPP, UP, BP or changes in BP on the other. It was concluded that propranolol effectively reduced BP, but diastolic BP reduction was most rapidly obtained at 320 and 640 mg daily, that the activity of the renin -aldosterone system was initially suppressed in all group, but for unknown reasons it increased towards the control level after seven to eleven weeks of therapy with 320 and 640 mg/day, and that the reduction in systolic BP increased with higher doses of propranolol and with increasing urinary propranolol excretion. PMID- 7030752 TI - Nomarski differential interference contrast studies of murine lymphocytes. AB - Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC) of lymphocyte surface morphology was combined with immunofluorescence studies on T and B cell markers on the thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, peripheral blood lymphocytes and thoracic duct lymph of female CBA mice. DIC identified smooth cells and several categories of villous cells; more extreme forms were present in lymph. Most B cells seemed to belong to the smooth group and most peripheral T cells to the villous group. Thymus cells were almost entirely smooth, but treatment with cortisone increased the proportion of villous cells to 50%. The surface morphology of lymphocytes was highly labile preventing direct identification or separation of T and B cells. In vivo removal of T cells by adult thymectomy, lethal irradiation and bone marrow reconstitution caused the villous cells to decrease. During recovery from irradiation, T lymphocytes tended to parallel villous cells, B lymphocytes smooth cells, but were differences between the spleen and lymph nodes. Mice deprived of T1 cells by adult thymectomy showed a modest decrease of smooth cells in the spleen and blood; mice depleted of T2 cells by anti-lymphocyte serum, or which were naturally deficient in T2 cells, were markedly lacking in villous cells. Thoracic duct lymph, which is rich in T2 cells, had a high proportion of extremely villous lymphocytes. Exposure to lymph induced extreme villous features in lymph node cells, and it was found that the thoracic duct lymph was markedly hypertonic to serum, although varying in osmolarity throughout the day. It is suggested that the villous shape of T2 cells is a circulatory adaptation, necessitated by the peculiar character of the lymphatic system in mice. PMID- 7030751 TI - Effect of minoxidil on sympathetic nervous activity in clonidine-treated hypertensive patients. AB - The effects of clonidine and minoxidil on sympathetic nervous activity has been studied in 10 patients with accelerated or resistant hypertension. Clonidine 150 to 900 micrograms/day caused a significant decrease in blood pressure of 18.6 mm Hg, of heart rate 16.4 beats/min, of plasma renin activity 1.13ng/ml h, and of urinary noradrenaline excretion 11.55 micrograms/day, and a significant lengthening of the pre-injection period of 12.4 ms. Minoxidil 5 to 22.5 micrograms/day caused a further significant decrease in blood pressure of 24.2 mm Hg, and significant increases in heart rate 8.2 beats/min, plasma renin activity 1.68 ng/ml h and of urinary noradrenaline excretion 5.0 micrograms/day, and a significant shortening of the pre-ejection period of 20.6 ms. Neither clonidine nor minoxidil altered plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity or the cardiovascular responses to treadmill exercise. It is concluded that clonidine is a useful alternative agent to block a minoxidil-induced increase in sympathetic nervous activity. PMID- 7030753 TI - The strain A anti-p-azophenylarsonate major cross-reactive idiotypic family includes members with no reactivity toward p-azophenylarsonate. AB - The sera of immunized A/J mice contain low but detectable levels of immunoglobulin, bearing previously described cross-reactive idiotypic (CRI) determinants diagnostic of the strain A anti-p-azophenylarsonate (Ars) response. Such molecules from nonimmune sera cannot be adsorbed onto affinity columns coupled to a high density with Ars. After extensive immunization with Ars-coupled proteins, Ars-nonbinding CRI is found at the same low level, even though substantial Ars-binding CRI appears. On the other hand, immunization with a monoclonal rat anti-CRI, which was originally raised against Ars-binding CRI, elicits high concentrations of Ars-binding as well as Ars-nonbinding CRI immunoglobulin. Three hybridoma proteins produced from an A/J mouse immunized with the rat anti-CRI react with all tested anti-idiotypic sera from three species of animals, but show no reactivity toward Ars in several different assays. One hybridoma protein from the same fusion demonstrates Ars-binding capacity. PMID- 7030754 TI - Visualization of the 10-NM filament vimentin rings in vascular endothelial cells in situ: close resemblance to vimentin cytoskeletons found in monolayers in vitro. PMID- 7030755 TI - Fibronectin synthesis and surface expression is correlated with cell morphology and adhesiveness in a cold-sensitive, G1-defective mutant of CHO cells. PMID- 7030756 TI - Rates of protein synthesis through the cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7030757 TI - Cytochalasin B-induced alterations of insulin binding and microfilament organization in cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 7030758 TI - Epidemiology of Reye syndrome. PMID- 7030759 TI - Research issues and directions in the epidemiology of health effects of disasters. PMID- 7030760 TI - Epidemiology of pituitary adenomas. PMID- 7030761 TI - Bladder cancer epidemiology. PMID- 7030762 TI - Epidemiology and pathogenesis of zoonotic toxocariasis. PMID- 7030763 TI - Adult and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: current epidemiologic concepts. PMID- 7030764 TI - Infant botulism: epidemiology and relation to sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 7030765 TI - The role of histocompatibility antigens (HLA) in infection. AB - We have tried to describe and evaluate in epidemiologic terms what has been done in less than a decade to define the influence of a unique genetic system on susceptibility and response to infection. The extent of its influence on disease susceptibility has only begun to be measured, and our understanding of the mechanistic and functional aspects of HLA and disease association is in its infancy. We hope it is clear from the foregoing review that the immunogeneticist, the epidemiologist, and the biostatistician all have much to offer each other as the work progresses. PMID- 7030766 TI - Megakaryocytopoiesis in irradiated, splenectomized mice. AB - The hypomegakaryocytic state that develops after exposure to sublethal doses of ionizing radiation was evaluated in splenectomized and intact mice. The percentage reduction of marrow megakaryocytes was greater than that of platelets at comparable times post-irradiation. After initial recovery a secondary drop in platelet counts occurred earlier in intact than in splenectomized mice. The average size of mature megakaryocytes was found to be increased, due primarily to marked reductions in megakaryocytes of smaller size. These results indicate that the spleen acts more to reduce than to increase the platelet count after exposure to sublethal doses of whole body radiation and that megakaryocyte size may be increased by reduction in numbers of small megakaryocytes without an increase in large megakaryocytes. PMID- 7030767 TI - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic granulocytic leukemia. AB - Eighteen patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia underwent allogeneic marrow transplantation from HLA-identical sibling donors. The preparative regimen included cyclophosphamide and 1000-1500 rad total body irradiation in either single or fractionated doses. Eleven patients were transplanted in blast crisis. One died too early to evaluate. Five had recurrent leukemia, three died of interstitial pneumonia (IP), and two are living in remission after 20 and 39 months. One additional patient with blast crisis was transplanted while in remission after chemotherapy and is living in remission 28 months after transplantation. Two patients were transplanted in the accelerated phase; one died early of infection and one died of IP. Four were transplanted in the chronic phase; one died of IP, one with graft-versus-host disease, and two are living in remission 11 and 25 months after transplantation. PMID- 7030768 TI - Airways penetration of inhaled radioaerosol: an index to small airways function? AB - Several reports have claimed that inhaled radioaerosol particles show diminished lung penetration in subjects with impaired small airways function. Lung penetration may be estimated from the ratio of peripheral to central deposition, from the proportion of particles retained after 24 hours, from visual classification of gamma camera images or by computer analysis of the inhomogeneity of such images. Several approaches can characterise many young symptom-free smokers, or subjects with mild asthma, as "abnormal". Yet there is no convincing evidence from review of the literature and our own work that tests based on radioaerosol deposition are superior to other "small airways tests". Studies of particle deposition are, however, vital to the use of aerosols for investigating mucociliary clearance in the small airways. PMID- 7030769 TI - Stereotaxic surgery under X-ray guidance in the rhesus monkey, with special reference to the amygdala. AB - The anterior/posterior (AP) positions of three subcortical regions; the amygdala, supra-optic nucleus of the hypothalamus and mammillary bodies, were estimated with respect to the skull in 35 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The distances from the external auditory meatus, from which stereotaxic coordinates are typically derived, to these subcortical nuclei were found to be highly variable. In contrast the posterior tip of the sphenoid bone, which was visualized on lateral radiographs, provided a landmark at a remarkably constant AP distance from these nuclei. This landmark was used to guide a series of a amygdaloid lesions and injections. The accuracy of these operations strongly suggested that the posterior tip of the sphenoid bone could be used to predict not only the AP but also the height of the amygdala. It is proposed that this radiographic technique could be applied to other hypothalamic and basal forebrain regions. PMID- 7030770 TI - Characterization of insulin binding to skeletal muscle sarcolemma during the development of diabetes. PMID- 7030771 TI - Present state and future developments of experimental gerontology: a memorial to Fritz Verzar (1886-1979). PMID- 7030772 TI - Introduction: Fritz Verzar's impulse to experimental gerontology. PMID- 7030773 TI - Genetic variation in esteroproteases in the mouse submandibular gland. PMID- 7030774 TI - Degradation of type I collagen fibrils synthesized by human dental pulp cells in explant exposed to Actinomyces viscosus. Electron microscope immunotyping. PMID- 7030775 TI - Lung injury induced by mycobacterial cell walls: effects on connective tissue. PMID- 7030776 TI - [Study of the interrelations of ethmozine, cordarone and phenycaberan with heparin]. AB - Cordarone, etmozin and phenycaberan form complexes with heparin. Etmozin and phenycaberan form complexes insoluble in an aqueous medium and exhibit a pronounced antiheparin action in in-vitro experiments. Cordarone and heparin form a complex which is soluble in an aqueous medium. This complex potentiates the biological activity of the anticoagulant. In experiments on rabbits cordarone and phenycaberan increase plasma tolerance to heparin followed by its lowering as compared with controls in experiments with phenycaberan. Etmozin decreases plasma tolerance to heparin. PMID- 7030777 TI - [Development of pharmacology of Moscow University]. PMID- 7030778 TI - [Effect of glucocorticoids on striated muscles (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7030779 TI - [Metabolism of magnesium and its role in the mechanism of action of cardiovascular agents (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7030780 TI - The therapeutic use of cholinergic drugs acting on the vegetative nervous system. I - Direct, indirect and mixed agonists. PMID- 7030781 TI - Relationship between mutagenic effect and toxic effect in the Ames test. AB - This study concerns the relationship between spontaneous revertants and number of bacterial cells plated in the Ames test. These two parameters do not appear to bear a direct relationship: marked variations in cell input are attended by negligible variations in spontaneous revertants. However, a relationship, described by a quadratic equation that approximates a hyperbole, exists between the spontaneous revertants and the number of total cellular divisions permitted by the histidine concentration in the medium. Furthermore a direct linear relationship has been observed between cell input and diameter of the plate background microcolonies. The problem of the toxic effect in the Ames test performed with drugs or substances having high bactericidal activity is discussed. PMID- 7030782 TI - Pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of Escherichia coli: determination of the Mr of the lipoate acetyltransferase component. PMID- 7030783 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of glutaredoxin and thioredoxin in Escherichia coli cells. PMID- 7030784 TI - Giant culture cells by electric field-induced fusion. PMID- 7030785 TI - Biochemical basis of a species difference in sensitivity to alloxan. PMID- 7030786 TI - Inhibition of subtilisin by substituted arylboronic acids. PMID- 7030787 TI - Molecular rulers with 5 or 11 prolines intramolecularly crosslink to G45 of yeast phenylalanine tRNA. PMID- 7030788 TI - Effect of thyroidectomy on the distribution of the fast and slow forms of troponin I in rat soleus muscle. PMID- 7030789 TI - Increased synthesis of phosphoenolypyruvate carboxylase in a strain of Escherichia coli bearing a ColE1-ppc+ hybrid plasmid. PMID- 7030790 TI - The complete amino acid sequence of human muscle glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7030791 TI - The C3b inactivator of the human complement system: homology with serine proteases. PMID- 7030792 TI - Primary Translation product of mRNA coding for rat duodenal vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein. PMID- 7030793 TI - Characterization of lamB protein from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli that forms diffusion pores selective for maltose-maltodextrins. PMID- 7030794 TI - Pituitary prolactin cell hyperplasia with autonomous prolactin secretion and primary hypothyroidism. PMID- 7030795 TI - Menstrual dysfunction and hormonal status in athletic women: a review. AB - Since women have become more involved in physical fitness and competitive endurance sports, the incidence of menstrual dysfunction has increased. Long distance running and other sports may lead to alterations in gonadotropins, androgens, estrogens, progesterone, or prolactin, which in some women may directly or indirectly result in amenorrhea or infertility. The effects of running and strenuous exercise on the menstrual cycle and reproductive hormones remain controversial. Reported incidences of menstrual dysfunction vary widely, and many factors have been implicated in the onset of this problem. Exercise associated menstrual dysfunction seems to occur more frequently in nulliparous athletes, in athletes with delayed menarche, and in athletes with low body fat. It is important to realize that disruption of the menstrual cycle, ranging from mild changes in flow to amenorrhea, is a relatively common problem for the female athlete engaged in strenuous endurance sports. Yet no evidence exists at present to indicate conclusively that this menstrual dysfunction is harmful to the female athlete's reproductive system. PMID- 7030796 TI - [Difficulties in inserting bridges (model experiments)]. PMID- 7030797 TI - Blunt injury to the innominate artery: two case reports. PMID- 7030798 TI - Trends in total and marital fertility for black Americans, 1886-1899. AB - Total fertility rates and age-specific marital fertility rates are estimated for the urban and rural black populations during the last fourteen years of the nineteenth century. The data source is a 1-in-750 sample of households from the 1900 census manuscripts. The results show sharp differences in the levels of urban and rural reproduction, as well as differences in the timing of the well known black fertility transition. Calculation of Coale-Trussell m-values suggests that, up to 1899, rural blacks were essentially a "natural fertility" population while urban residents apparently had a history of family limitation. These findings support the inference that at least some segments of the black population were practicing birth control before the turn of the twentieth century. PMID- 7030799 TI - Social structure and U.S. inter-state fertility differentials in 1900. AB - This paper investigates the importance of agricultural land shortages versus modernization of the society in influencing inter-state differentials in fertility in 1900, when the United States was in mid-transition. Urbanization and manufacturing characteristics of states were the strongest correlates of variations in the index of total fertility because urban-industrialism depressed both the probability of marriage and marital fertility. Other modern characteristics of American states were also important in understanding variations in marital fertility. Low labor force employment of children and farm mechanization, integrally related characteristics, seemed to depress levels of marital fertility in many parts of the United States, independent of the urban industrial system. Agricultural land opportunity had little overall effect on marital fertility; however, it was quite important in understanding variations in patterns of marriage. PMID- 7030801 TI - [Individual attachments of non-precious metal castings]. PMID- 7030800 TI - Variations in infant mortality rates among counties of the United States: the roles of public policies and programs. AB - The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the causes of the rapid decline in the infant mortality rate in the United States in the period after 1963. The roles of four public policies are considered: Medicaid, subsidized family planning services for low-income women, maternal and infant care projects, and the legalization of abortion. The most striking finding is that the increase in the legal abortion rate is the single most important factor in reductions in both white and nonwhite neonatal mortality rates. Not only does the growth in abortion dominate the other public policies, but it also dominates schooling and poverty. PMID- 7030802 TI - [Metalloceramics--effect of technical processing errors]. PMID- 7030803 TI - [Problems in metalloceramics. The cervical third]. PMID- 7030804 TI - [Methods, tips and tricks in preparation of non-precious metal castings]. PMID- 7030805 TI - [Model preparation (1): an educational aim in vocational schools]. PMID- 7030806 TI - [Better casting quality with a spherical casting technic]. PMID- 7030807 TI - [What causes shrinkage and porosity? Super slow-motion: occurrences during pressure and centrifugal casting]. PMID- 7030808 TI - [Metal occlusive surfaces in mandibular teeth as guide-planes]. PMID- 7030809 TI - [How can errors in Co-Cr casting technic be avoided?]. PMID- 7030810 TI - [Preformed wax sections for bridge connectors]. PMID- 7030811 TI - [Problems of bite registration]. PMID- 7030812 TI - [The Inzoma technic: materials science and processing]. PMID- 7030813 TI - [A spherical hidden interconnector]. PMID- 7030814 TI - [Is the copper band impression technic still current?]. PMID- 7030815 TI - [INZOMA technic-system. A new way to process metalloceramics]. PMID- 7030816 TI - [Rudolph Leopold Mayer. Work and personality]. PMID- 7030817 TI - Biotyping and determination of protein A in Staphylococcus aureus strain of skin origin. AB - By means of biotyping we have investigated 150 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from people with dermatologic complaints. We have used six main and three additional biotyping tests. The strains under investigation did not form a closed biotype, on the contrary, they showed a certain biotype plurality. The determination of protein A in 150 strains of S. aureus isolated from dermatologic process of men, 15 strains of S. aureus of bovine origin and 50 strains of Staphylococcus with negative coagulase activity have brought the following results: all strains of S. aureus of skin origin (human strains) contain protein A in various quantities keeping within 2-64 U. Only 2 from 15 s. aureus strains of bovine origin contain protein A and there were none in 50 strains of Staphylococcus with a negative coagulase reaction. PMID- 7030818 TI - Mechanism of insulin-resistance in the adipose cell in the aging-rat model of obesity. PMID- 7030819 TI - The characterization of beta-cell-tropin and its relation to hyperinsulinaemia in obesity. PMID- 7030820 TI - Insulin-resistance in heart and skeletal muscles of genetically obese Zucker rats. PMID- 7030821 TI - The lactating rat as a model for the study of dietary obesity. PMID- 7030822 TI - Some observations on immunological status and immunodiagnosis in Bancroftian filariasis. PMID- 7030823 TI - Four new and unusual proteins from bovine seminal plasma. PMID- 7030824 TI - Microautoradiography: its scope in the study of selected cells. PMID- 7030825 TI - Muscle morphogenesis: Evidence for an organizing function of exogenous fibronectin. PMID- 7030826 TI - The effect of insulin on the disposal of intravenous glucose. Results from indirect calorimetry and hepatic and femoral venous catheterization. PMID- 7030827 TI - Triphenyltin fluoride (TPTF) as a diabetogenic agent. TPTF induces diabetic lipemia by inhibiting insulin secretion from morphologically intact rabbit B cell. AB - Recent work in our laboratory has shown that oral administration of triphenyltin fluoride (TPTF) evokes hypertriglyceridemia in rabbits. The present experiments were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of TPTF-induced hypertriglyceridemia in rabbits by a combined biochemical and ultrastructural approach. After a single TPTF administration, fasting blood glucose and plasma triglyceride levels increased significantly (P less than 0.02) for about 20 days. On the other hand, both plasma and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was markedly decreased (P less than 0.001) during this period, and triglyceride production rates on day 2 after TPTF administration was significantly decreased (P less than 0.01). Density-gradient ultracentrifugation showed a remarkable accumulation of chylomicron and VLDL in the composition of plasma lipoproteins. Insulin injection to the hypertriglyceridemic rabbits induced a significant recovery of the decreased plasma LPL activity with a concomitant decrease of plasma triglyceride levels, while abeyance of insulin injection resulted in a decrease of LPL activity again. A significant inhibition of insulin release in response to the loading of glucose, glucagon, or arginine was observed in the TPTF rabbits (P less than 0.02). Inhibition of glucagon release was also observed in the arginine loading test (P less than 0.01). Electron microscopic studies showed small abnormalities in the pancreatic islets of TPTF-treated rabbits. These findings suggest that TPTF inhibits insulin release from rabbit islets, subsequently inducing diabetic lipemia due to the insulin deficiency. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a new animal model for diabetes and diabetic lipemia by administration of TPTF to rabbits. PMID- 7030828 TI - The influence of genetic background on the expression of mutations at the diabetes locus in the mouse. III. Effect of H-2 haplotype and sex. AB - The expression of the mouse mutation, diabetes (db), was examined on eight different inbred genetic backgrounds. The influence of H-2 haplotype and sex was examined. Mice of both sexes in two diabetes (db) strains (C57BL/6J, 129/J) having the H-2b haplotype were resistant to the diabetogenic action of the mutant gene. On the contrary, two H-2d congenic diabetes stocks (C57BL/KsJ, DBA/2J) exhibited severe diabetes associated with beta-cell necrosis. However, diabetes resistance was not restricted to mice with H-2b haplotype since the congenic diabetes MA/J stock (H-2k) was also resistant. Similarly, diabetes susceptibility was not restricted to mice with the H-2d haplotype, since males, but generally not females, in the congenic CBA/Lt-db/db and C3HeB/FeJ-db/db stocks (both H-2k) also exhibited a severe diabetes. Males of the congenic SWR/J-db stock (H-2q) had a diabetes of intermediate severity. Female diabetes mice with H-2k and H-2q haplotypes exhibited a sustained hypertrophy and hyperplasia of beta-cells and were able to control hyperglycemia better than males. Thus, while the H-2b haplotype remains associated with resistance, and the H-2d haplotype with susceptibility to induction of genetic diabetes, the diabetes stocks with H-2k haplotype clearly illustrate the importance of non-H-2, but sex-associated, genetic modifiers. PMID- 7030829 TI - The influence of genetic background on the expression of mutations at the diabetes locus in the mouse IV. Male lethal syndrome in CBA/Lt mice. AB - To assess whether db-induced pathogenetic changes in beta-cells were restricted to mice with H-2d haplotype, the db gene from BL/Ks was transferred into the CBA/Lt subline (H-2k). A marked sexual dimorphism was observed in the diabetes syndrome in db/db animals. Young adult db/db males exhibited an early onset and completely lethal diabetes (100% mortality by 6 mo). At 3 mo db/db males were moderately obese (43 +/- 4 g) but severely hyperglycemic (475 +/- 69 mg/dl blood glucose) and hyperglucagonemic. Islets were atrophic, showing variable leukocytic infiltration. Although hyperinsulinemic at 2 mo, mutant males had only normal or below normal plasma insulin at 4 mo. Electron microscopic examination confirmed beta-cell necrosis and the appearance, in prenecrotic beta-cells, of numerous intracisternal type A (retrovirus) particles (IAP). In contrast, db/db females became increasingly obese with age but remained healthy, suffering no mortality in 6 mo. These mice were only transiently hyperglycemic and were able to sustain hyperinsulinemia. Light and electron microscopy revealed beta-cell hypertrophy that was not accompanied by increased numbers of IAP or by necrosis. Retrovirus infection therefore seemed a consequence rather than a cause of hyperglycemia. Ovariectomy coupled with testosterone injection failed to induce severe diabetes in females; castration failed to moderate male diabetes. Instead, biweekly injections of 25 micrograms each of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone effected complete diabetes remission in males. Experiments using cultured CBA/J islet cells did not support the hypothesis that ovarian steroids were directly protective at the beta-cell level. This study shows that db gene-induced pathogenesis is not restricted to mice with the H-2d haplotype, and that sex steroids are important modifiers of syndrome severity. PMID- 7030830 TI - A new genetically obese-hyperglycemic rat (Wistar fatty). AB - The fa-gene was transferred from the Zucker rat (13 M strain) to the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat. The survey, performed at the 10th generation of backcrossing, showed that Wistar fatty rats (fa/fa), a congenic strain of WKY, developed obesity and obesity-related features, such as hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipemia, in the same manner as Zucker fatty rats. Males, but not females, showed hyperglycemia, glucosuria, and polyuria as early as 8 wk of age. Tolerance and insulin response to oral glucose were decreased with advancing age in males. The diabetic changes appeared to be caused by an interaction between predisposition to develop diabetes in the WKY rat and fa-induced obesity. This is because WKY rats were found to be less sensitive to insulin than Zucker rats by both the glucose tolerance test and the steady-state blood glucose method which estimates overall insulin sensitivity. PMID- 7030831 TI - Complement-fixing Islet cell antibodies from some diabetic patients alter insulin release in vitro. AB - To explore humoral immunity in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients, we studied insulin release from isolated mouse islets stimulated by glucose + theophylline after incubation with the sera of these patients and complement. Eleven of 21 IDDM sera suppressed the stimulated insulin release while the arginine-stimulated glucagon release remained unchanged. Morphologic evidence and the trypan-blue exclusion test suggested that the suppression of insulin release was due to a cytotoxic effect of the sera. No beta-cell inhibition of morphologic damage was detectable in the presence of sera from 30 healthy subjects, 8 non insulin-dependent diabetic patients, and 5 nondiabetic patients with autoimmune diseases. Beta-cell inhibition by IDDM sera was not observed when complement was omitted. After serum fractionation, the cytotoxic potency of IDDM sera was located in the immunoglobulin G fraction. Using human islets, insulin release was suppressed by 3 of 6 IDDM sera. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity was found in 1 of 5 recent-onset IDDM patients and 11 of 16 IDDM patients with autoimmune phenomena. It was associated in all cases with the presence of islet cell antibodies as detected by immunofluorescence, and with the presence of circulating lymphocytes which suppressed insulin release in vitro. Complement fixing antibodies may contribute to the selective beta-cell damage in IDDM. PMID- 7030832 TI - Enhanced intestinal absorption of insulin in rats in the presence of sodium 5 methoxysalicylate. AB - Sodium 5-methoxysalicylate, previously shown to enhance the rectal absorption of several drugs, facilitates the absorption of insulin from the upper gastrointestinal tract, resulting in significantly elevated insulin levels and lowered glucose concentrations in the plasma of rats. Restricting the movement of insulin and adjuvant down the intestine by either ligation or use of a more viscous vehicle further increased the absorption of insulin. PMID- 7030833 TI - Glucose utilization during exercise in normal and diabetic subjects. The role of insulin. PMID- 7030834 TI - Mechanism and significance of insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - To determine whether receptor and/or postreceptor abnormalities of insulin action were responsible for insulin resistance in nonobese patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and to assess the role of insulin resistance in their impaired glucose tolerance, insulin dose-response characteristics, insulin binding to monocytes, and insulin secretion were compared in 10 nonobese patients with NIDDM and six age-weight-matched nondiabetic volunteers. The insulin resistance of the diabetics was characterized by a shift to the right of their insulin dose-response curve (Km 81 +/- 4 microunits/ml vs. 58 +/- 2 microunits/ml in the nondiabetics P less than 0.001) but a normal maximal response to insulin. Although monocyte insulin binding was decreased in the diabetics (P less than 0.01), their response to insulin was appropriate for the number of insulin receptors occupied indicating normal postreceptor function. Insulin secretion was markedly reduced in diabetic subjects (52 +/- 22 vs. 471 +/ 90 microunits . ml-1 . 10 min-1 in the nondiabetic subjects, P less than 0.001) and was more strongly correlated with fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.92, P less than 0.001) and intravenous glucose tolerance (Kivgtt) (r = 0.98, P less than 0.001) than was insulin sensitivity (Km) (r = 0.23, NS, and r = 0.57, P less than 0.05, respectively). We conclude that in nonobese patients with NIDDM, insulin resistance is characterized by a shift to the right of the insulin dose-response curve, which can be accounted for solely by an insulin receptor defect. However, in these patients, impaired insulin secretion rather than insulin resistance appears to be the predominant metabolic abnormality. PMID- 7030835 TI - Treatment of radiolucent gallstones with CDCA or UDCA. A multicenter trial. AB - Patients with radiolucent gallstones (diameter less than 1.5 cm) and functioning gallbladder were treated for 6-12 months with CDCA (38 patients, 12-15 mg/kg/day) or UDCA (78 patients randomly allocated to receive 5-6 or 10-12 mg/kg/day). Complete dissolutions and partial plus complete dissolutions were respectively 26 and 58% for CDCA, 14 and 58% for UDCA at the lower dose, and 29 and 71% for UDCA at the higher dose. Statistical analysis did not show any significant difference between the three different treatments. In patients with stones of 4-10 mm diameter treated with UDCA, complete dissolution occurred at the lower dose in 0 of 14 cases while complete dissolutions occurred at the higher dose in 5 of 18 cases, suggesting that the latter dose may be more effective (0.05 less than P less than 0.1). A highly significant correlation was demonstrated between gallstone size and number of dissolutions with both doses of UDCA. No side effects were observed with UDCA, while with CDCA diarrhea occurred in 28% and a transient increase in SGOT in a single patient. 1 patient on UDCA required emergency cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Dyspeptic and/or pain symptom atology improved in 65 and 85% of the patients treated with CDCA and UDCA, respectively. No variations in the blood lipids were observed. PMID- 7030836 TI - Trophic effect of protal blood in maintenance cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. AB - The hepatotrophic effect of portal serum was demonstrated in primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes: DNA synthesis in cultures incubated for 4 days with pooled portal serum of fed rats was significantly higher than in cultures with peripheral serum from the same animals. This difference was not observed when portal blood was treated with charcoal or obtained from fasting rats. Portal serum from diabetic rats stimulated DNA synthesis less than portal control serum. The trophic effect of portal serum from normal rats was enhanced after tolbutamide injection. The lost tropic effect of charcoal-treated portal serum was completely restored when insulin was added to reobtain a normal portal immunoreactive insulin concentration. Thus, insulin seems to be the main factor responsible for the hepatotrophic action of portal blood in vitro. PMID- 7030837 TI - A controlled trial of alternate day prednisolone as a maintenance treatment for ulcerative colitis in remission. AB - A double-blind crossover trial compared prednisolone, 40 mg given orally on alternate days, with placebo as a maintenance treatment for ulcerative colitis in remission. In each patient, the study was over two periods of 3 months. Of 24 patients who completed both periods, 11 relapsed while taking placebo but not while taking prednisolone, and 1 relapsed on prednisolone but did not on placebo (p less than 0.01). 1 patient had to stop prednisolone because of hyperglycaemia; other side effects noted were mild. Prednisolone, cautiously used in this way, could be justified for the few patients who relapse frequently despite sulphasalazine. PMID- 7030838 TI - Monocyte function in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. AB - Monocyte function as reflected by phagocytosis of Candida albicans and chemotaxis towards zymosan-activated serum has been assessed in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Phagocytosis and random movement were significantly increased to a similar degree in both diseases when compared with controls (p less than 0.001). There was no significant difference in chemotaxis between the disease and control groups, although there was a trend towards its being increased in ulcerative colitis. There was no correlation between the results obtained and disease activity or medication. PMID- 7030839 TI - Comparison of ASHA's immittance guidelines and standard medical diagnostic procedures. AB - Immittance procedures and medical evaluation based on case history and otoscopy were administered to 115 youngsters from a large pediatric practice. Using ASHA immittance guidelines, a reasonable 73% overall agreement was achieved between immittance and medical recommendations of "pass", "at risk", and "fail/treat". When using medical findings as the criterion, there were three definite cases of under-referral (false negatives) and five over-referrals (false positives) in this sample group. PMID- 7030840 TI - Lens differentiation in vertebrates. A review of cellular and molecular features. PMID- 7030841 TI - Expression of glial and vimentin type intermediate filaments in cultures derived from human glial material. AB - Several cultures established from biopsies of apparently normal adult human glial material showed no cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA) when examined after seven or more cumulative population doublings (CPD), although the established glioma line U251 MG showed approximately 3% GFA-positive cells, and U333 CG/343 MG clone 3 showed greater than 98% GFA-positive cells. Both the human glia delivered cultures and the glioma lines were positive when assayed with sera specific for vimentin. We therefore investigated the expression of GFA as a function of cumulative population doublings after the establishment of primary cultures. Under our experimental conditions, although GFA-positive cells were clearly present in the primary cultures accounting for some 3%-14% of the cells present, the GFA marker was subsequently lost, and the proliferating cultures expressed only the vimentin type of intermediate filament. Those cells that were GFA-positive also appeared to be vimentin-positive. GFA expression was not reinduced in cultures that had lost the GFA marker by treatment with dibutyryl cyclic AMP. We discuss two alternate hypotheses for the origin of the GFA negative cells: (1) the cultures area of astrocyte origin but lost the ability to express GFA on culturing; (2) the cultures originate from cells of nonastrocyte origin present in the primary material. PMID- 7030842 TI - Actin in Xenopus development: indirect immunofluorescence study of actin localization. AB - Actin was studied in Xenopus unfertilized eggs and early developmental stages. Immunochemical proof is given of structural differences between Xenopus laevis muscle actin and nonmuscle cell actin. Actin localization and changes of actin aggregation during Xenopus development were observed using indirect immunofluorescence. We have also tried to explain the presence of an actin shell around the yolk platelets that appeared in our experiments. PMID- 7030843 TI - [Antiviral activity of ARA-A]. PMID- 7030844 TI - [Current status of research on specific monoclonal xenoantibodies against human histocompatibility antigens]. PMID- 7030845 TI - [Preliminary serological analysis for identification of direct monoclonal antibodies against surface structures of HLA typed human lymphocytes]. AB - The following schedule has been applied to the selection and preliminary serological definition of monoclonal antibodies against HLA controlled antigenic structures of human lymphocyte surface: 1) identification of antibodies reactive against the immunizing cells by means of indirect radiobinding technique and complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity; 2) analysis of the pattern of reaction against a panel of T and B lymphocytes purified from peripheral blood of HLA typed donors. The reaction has been performed also against lymphocytes pretreated with anti-human-beta 2 microglobulin antibodies. Thus monomorphic and polymorphic monoclonal antibodies, directed against beta 2 microglobulin associated or not associated antigens, can be identified. The importance of the complement pool and of antibody avidity in the lymphocytotoxicity reaction mediated by monoclonal antibodies, is evaluated. PMID- 7030846 TI - [Biological aspects of the macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF)]. PMID- 7030847 TI - [Criticism of the current theories concerning the formation of the immunological repertory]. AB - Application of the probability calculus to the variational structure of the immunoglobulins leads to demonstrate the impossibility of the random production of the repertory's antibodies. Physical and Cybernetic considerations lead, instead, to demonstrate the necessary existence of aspecific recognition of the antigen, i.e. of the antigen's activity. Application of the theory of stochastic convergence, at last, leads to demonstrate that, if there would be a connection between this aspecific recognition and the antibody's production, the latter would be possible. This connection, as a consequence, must exist. PMID- 7030848 TI - [Seroconversion compatible with Legionnella pneumophila, serogroup 1, infection in a child: 1st case reported in Italy]. PMID- 7030849 TI - [Effects of subinhibiting concentrations of fosfomycin on the ultrastructure of E. coli K 126]. AB - In the present paper we have evaluated the ultrastructural effects of fosfomycin on E. coli K 126, after different exposure times with subinhibitory concentrations (1/2 MIC). After 3 hrs, the antibiotic acts on bacterial morphology. Population shows some elongated forms and lysed cells with abnormal divisions. At 6 hrs, on the other hand, the bacteria appear intact, though they present cytoplasmic disorganization and cell wall particularly undulated. In the presence of fosfomycin, the cells tend to clump together. PMID- 7030850 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica: critical review of literature]. PMID- 7030851 TI - [Hepatitis B: serological strategy and epidemiological aspects]. PMID- 7030852 TI - Taxonomic importance of immunocytochemical analysis of spores. PMID- 7030853 TI - [Double-blind comparative study of the hypotensive effect of combination therapy with chlorthalidone and metoprolol or alpha-methyldopa]. PMID- 7030854 TI - [Myocardial infarct or idiopathic coagulative myocardionecrosis? Epistemology of a crisis]. PMID- 7030855 TI - [Behaviour of serum CPK curves in acute myocardial infarction treated with digitalis, verapamil and combined verapamil-digitalis (author's transl)]. AB - In order to compare the effectiveness of different therapeutic regimens in reducing infarct size serial determinations of CPK activity (at 4 hourly intervals in the first 48 hours from the admission to CCU, at the 72th and at 120th hours) were performed in 100 patients with transmural AMI (53 anterior and 47 inferior) with no obvious evidence of LV failure and basal CPK levels lower than 50 U/L. 20 patients (control group) have been treated with glucose-insulin potassium (GIK). 20 patients have been treated with GIK plus Verapamil (GIK + V). Verapamil was administered at the dose of 50 mg in continuous drip. 20 patients received GIK plus digoxin at the dose of 0.25 mg b.i.d. (GIK + D). 40 patients received GIK, Verapamil and digoxin at the above doses (GIK + V + D). Different values of CKr and infarct size (IS.) show a statistically significant difference between the various regimens, which is more evident if we consider the whole series. Infarct size was greater in patients treated with digoxin with respect to controls, while it was smaller in patients treated with Verapamil. Combined Verapamil-digoxin therapy is associated to an enzymatic behaviour not different from controls. Authors emphasize that in uncomplicated AMI digoxin causes an increase in infarct size while Verapamil reduces significantly it. Association of Verapamil allows the use of digoxin, if clinically justified, without increase in infarct size. PMID- 7030856 TI - [Renal kallikrein-kinin system and arterial pressure]. PMID- 7030857 TI - [Commemoration of the discovery of the pathogenic germs of malaria. I. Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (1845-1922). His 1880 discovery]. PMID- 7030858 TI - [Commemoration of the discovery of the pathogenic germs of malaria. III. The contribution of science to the knowledge and control of malaria]. PMID- 7030859 TI - Increase of T cells in the liver during hepatocarcinogenesis with N-2 fluorenylacetamide in rats. AB - The localization of thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) was investigated in rat liver by the immunofluorescence method during hepatocarcinogenesis with N-2 fluorenylacetamide. In the early stage of carcinogenesis, the number of T cells never increased significantly in livers in which hyperplastic liver nodules (population I) were seen. On the other hand, in the late stage of carcinogenesis, T cells extensively invaded hyperplastic nodules (population II) as well as hepatomas. According to the concept of cell-mediated immunity, hyperplastic nodules in the late stage might have a neoantigen(s) which evokes the response of T cells. Therefore, it may be concluded that populations I and II are biologically distinct lesions in spite of their histological identity. PMID- 7030860 TI - Effects of anticancer platinum compounds on Escherichia coli strains with normal and defective DNA repair capacity. AB - The effect of anticancer platinum compounds on isogenetic strains of Escherichia coli with normal or defective DNA repair capacity were studied. Cisdichlorodiammineplatinum (II) causes DNA damage that is repairable by the repair systems of bacteria, and the DNA lesion becomes mutational when processed by the excision repair system. Dinitrato (1R, 2S-cyclohexanediamine) platinum (II) exhibits similar killing activity on E. coli strains with both normal and defective DNA repair capacity. Thus, this compound may cause DNA damage that cannot be repaired by bacteria, or its killing activity may be due to effects other than DNA damage. PMID- 7030861 TI - [Evaluation of esophageal tests in the diagnosis of gastro-esophageal reflux in adult (author's transl)]. PMID- 7030862 TI - Obstructive jaundice as a long-term complication in a patient with liver transplantation. AB - Obstructive jaundice related to stricture and stone in cystic duct was found in a patient 6 years after liver transplantation and cholecystojejunostomy. Complications with biliary drainage following liver transplantation are discussed. In the presence of dilated ducts seen by ultrasound, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography performed immediately can lead to surgical correction, thus preventing failure of the liver transplant. PMID- 7030863 TI - Rectal mass caused by Treponema pallidum: confirmation by immunofluorescent staining. AB - A 37-yr-old homosexual man presented with mild anorectal symptoms, a diffuse maculopapular rash, constitutional symptoms, and a reactive serologic test for syphilis. Sigmoidoscopy revealed a 2 x 2-cm indurated rectal mass 5 cm above the anal verge. Darkfield examination of rectal exudate revealed motile treponemes and rectal biopsy of the mass showed diffuse infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes. Large numbers of spirochetes were present on silver stain of the rectal biopsy specimen and these were shown to be Treponema pallidum by indirect immunofluorescence. The rectal mass and symptoms resolved following penicillin therapy. This case and a review of previously reported cases of anorectal syphilis emphasize the significance of these often neglected and misdiagnosed lesions of syphilis. PMID- 7030864 TI - Complications of esophageal dilation and guidelines for their prevention. PMID- 7030865 TI - Glycopyrrolate. PMID- 7030866 TI - [Disturbance of the tandem promotor functioning of the Escherichia coli K-12 deo operon in the genome of the rho15(ts) mutant for the transcription termination factor]. AB - The effect of the rho15(ts) mutation on the expression of Escherichia coli deo operon's genes is studied. In relation to the regulatory deoR and cytR genes, the rho15 mutation causes in wild type genome 2,5-fold increase in both thymidine phosphorylase (deoA gene) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (deoD gene) activity, while the deoxyriboaldolase activity controlled by the proximal deoC gene almost does not differ in the rho+ and rho15 strains. The effect of rho15 for the expression of the deo genes in constitutive deoR genome depends on the allele of crp gene: in the crp+ bacteria rho15 leads to a decrease, while in the crp bacteria - to an essential increase in the activity of deo enzymes. These data suggest a possible role of CRP protein as an inhibitor of transcription initiated from deoP promoter. The presence of rho15 in a bacterial genome leads to the complete block of the cytP promoter activity under conditions of both induction of deo enzymes by cytidine and their depression in cytR genome. Based on these data, it is proposed that proximal to cytP promoter, i. e. between deoP and ctyP a Rho-dependent attenuator is located which is usually responsible for termination of the deoP-initiated transcription. An activity of the inner deo operon OP3 promoter is possibly also inhibited in the rho15 genome as shown by the data on the absence of induction of purine nucleoside phosphorylase by inosine in the rho15 bacteria. PMID- 7030867 TI - [Regulation of the activity of the Escherichia coli K-12 uridine phosphorylase gene. I. Mapping of the structural gene mutations and a determination of the direction of transcription]. AB - A fine genetic mapping of some point and deletion mutations for uridine phosphorylase (udp) gene, including deletions covering simultaneously the udp and the adjacent metE gene was carried out. Deletions of the latter type do not recombine with the udp promoter mutations isolated previously (Mironov, Sukhodolets 1979) thus suggesting that the udp promoter is situated at the site adjoining metE. PMID- 7030868 TI - [50th anniversary of the A. N. Sysin Institute of General and Communal Hygiene of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR]. PMID- 7030869 TI - [Unity of hygienic science and practice: the basic principle of the activities of the Institute (on the 50th anniversary of the A. N. Marzeev Kiev Research Institute of General and Communal Hygiene)]. PMID- 7030870 TI - [Public hygiene problems at congresses of Russian naturalists and physicians]. PMID- 7030871 TI - [Assessment of the degree of population health hazard of environmental factors]. PMID- 7030872 TI - [Use of the gas chromatographic method for environmental analysis (a review of papers from 1978-1980)]. PMID- 7030873 TI - [In memoriam Prof. Izrail' Grigor'evich Gel'man]. PMID- 7030874 TI - Early seriatim research on human somatic growth. AB - Biological knowledge is synthesized from human longitudinal data on individuals measured between 1759 and 1915. The variables treated are stature, body weight, head girth, and chest girth. Seriatim records are assembled from early studies in Austria, Belgium, England, France, Germany, Russia, Switzerland, and the United States. Analyses are made for somatic size and gain during infancy, childhood, adolescence, and the postnatal span from birth to early adulthood. Findings pertain to differences among individuals during small and large portions of ontogeny, sex differences in body dimensions and growth rates, and differences among variables in the pattern of size-on-age curves for the period between birth and early adulthood. PMID- 7030875 TI - Adipose cellularity, serum glucose, insulin and cholesterol in polygenic obese mice fed high-fat or high-carbohydrate diets. AB - Polygenic obese (M16) and nonobese (ICR) mice were fed ad libitum either a high fat (FAT) or high-carbohydrate (CHO) diet from 6 to 10 weeks of age. After this four-week period, M16 exceeded (P less than 0.01) ICR mice and FAT-fed exceeded (P less than 0.01) CHO-fed mice in body energy percent, body fat percent, and weight and proportional weight of epididymal and subcutaneous fat pads. Fat cell size and number in both fat depots were greater (P less than 0.01) in the M16 than in the ICR line. Mice fed FAT had larger (P less than 0.01) fat cells in both depots compared with CHO-fed mice, but fat cell nuber was not altered significantly. M16 mice were hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and hypercholesterolemic, Dietary treatment did not affect glucose or insulin levels, but cholesterol was greater (P less than 0.01) on FAT than on CHO diet. Lipoprotein lipase and fatty acid synthetase activities were greater in M16 than in ICR mice, while fatty acid synthetase activity was greater in mice fed CHO than in those fed FAT. Genotype by diet interactions were not important for the traits studied. Polygenic obese mice, developed by selection for increased growth rate, share many of the characteristics of the single gene obesity syndromes in rodents. The development of obesity in polygenic obese mice may be due, in part, to an acceleration of the normal developmental process of growth, in addition to hyperphagia and increased energetic efficiency. PMID- 7030876 TI - [Cryosurgery of trachea and bronchi (literature review)]. PMID- 7030877 TI - Role of mucosal prostaglandins and DNA synthesis in gastric cytoprotection by luminal epidermal growth factor. AB - This study compares the effect of epidermal growth factor and prostaglandins (PGE2 or PGI2), applied topically to gastric mucosa, on gastric secretion and formation of ASA-induced gastric ulcerations in rats. Epidermal growth factor given topically in non-antisecretory doses prevented dose-dependently the formation of ASA-induced ulcers without affecting prostaglandin generation but with a significant rise in DNA synthesis in the oxyntic mucosa. The anti-ulcer effect of topical prostaglandins was also accompanied by an increase in DNA synthesis. This study indicates that topical epidermal growth factor, like PGE2 or PGI2, is cytoprotective and that this cytoprotection is not mediated by the inhibition of gastric secretion or prostaglandin formation but related to the increase in DNA synthesis in oxyntic mucosa. PMID- 7030878 TI - In vitro diagnosis of coeliac disease: an assessment. AB - Jejunal biopsies from controls and coeliac patients were maintained in organ culture for up to 48 hours. The in vitro effect of gluten fraction III during the period of culture was assessed by measurement of the activity of the brush border enzymes alkaline phosphatase and alpha-glucosidase. Mucosa from controls and treated and untreated coeliacs behaved similarly and no reproducible in vitro effect of gluten was demonstrated. These results cast doubt on the in vitro diagnosis of coeliac disease by monitoring brush border enzyme activity. PMID- 7030879 TI - Appropriateness of cervical cancer screening. PMID- 7030880 TI - Ongoing clinical trials in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by the Gynecologic Oncology Group. PMID- 7030881 TI - Etiological concepts in cervical carcinogenesis. PMID- 7030882 TI - Role of hormones including diethylstibestrol (DES) in the pathogenesis of cervical and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. PMID- 7030883 TI - The automatic staple versus the conventional gastrointestinal anastomosis in gynecological malignancies. PMID- 7030884 TI - [Whole body electron therapy in mycosis fungoides]. PMID- 7030885 TI - [Independent ventilation of each lung with synchronized ventilators in unilateral pulmonary hyperinflation]. PMID- 7030886 TI - Genetic and nongenetic events in neoplasia. PMID- 7030887 TI - Review of the hepatic response to hypolipidaemic drugs in rodents and assessment of its toxicological significance to man. PMID- 7030888 TI - The impact of air-lead on blood-lead in man--a critique of the recent literature. PMID- 7030889 TI - Safrole: its metabolism, carcinogenicity and interactions with cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7030890 TI - Thoughts on in-toeing and out-toeing: twenty years' experience with over 5000 cases and a review of the literature. AB - We are reporting over 5000 cases of children presenting with toeing-in or toeing out problems. Patients were seen over a period of 20 years. The toeing-in and toeing-out gait patterns are discussed in terms of the relationship to the hip joint and the tibiofibular unit. It is concluded by the authors that most of these problems represent normal variants in the development of the child and require no treatment. The necessity and modalities of therapy for the remainder are discussed in detail. The current literature on the subject is also reviewed. PMID- 7030891 TI - Technique tips: footings. PMID- 7030892 TI - [Results of a controlled comparative study between cimetidine and pirenzepin in 60 patients with ulcera ventriculi or duodeni]. PMID- 7030893 TI - [Proof of eftapan in comparison to bromhexine in children in ambulatory care]. PMID- 7030894 TI - [Dilzem: a new alternative to the therapy of angina pectoris and hypertension]. PMID- 7030895 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of hydropic heart insufficiency. Results of a multicenter field study]. PMID- 7030896 TI - Excerpts from "Healing Family Relationships with Breath, Thought, and Love Miracles" (new book pak). PMID- 7030897 TI - Breathing - anyone? PMID- 7030899 TI - Plasma concentrations of glucose, corticosterone, glucagon and insulin and liver content of metabolic substrates and enzymes during starvation and additional hypoxia in the rat. AB - The plasma levels of corticosterone, insulin and glucagon, and the concomitant changes in the levels of several liver enzymes and metabolites were measured in intact rats in the basal state during 24 hours and under conditions of food deprivation and hypoxia. The levels of the following enzymes and metabolites were examined: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, glycogen, fructose-6-phosphate, hexokinase, tyrosine amino-transferase and tryptophan oxygenase. During food deprivation, the increased gluconeogenesis is possibly a result of glucagon activity. In contrast, however, during hypoxia the increase in gluconeogenesis seems to be a result of the higher plasma level of corticosterone. During starvation, the insulin concentration dropped steadily and came close to zero. PMID- 7030898 TI - Relationship of glycosylated haemoglobin to C-peptide secretory status and antibody binding of insulin in insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - Diabetic control, assessed by measuring the concentration in venous blood of total glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1), endogenous insulin secretion, as estimated by the C-peptide response (delta C-P) to intravenous glucagon, and serum beef insulin antibody binding were measured in 50 juvenile onset insulin dependent diabetics (IDDM) receiving a single daily injection of soluble and protamine zinc insulin. The delta C-P correlated inversely with duration of diabetes (tau = 0.27, p less than 0.01) and daily insulin requirement (tau = -0.22, p less than 0.05) in the 50 IDDM studied of whom 28 exhibited a measurable delta C-P. In C peptide nonresponders, but not in the C-peptide responders, and inverse regression (t = 2.19, p less than 0.05) was observed between beef insulin antibody and HbA1. In the 25 IDDM having the lowest insulin antibody binding, and inverse correlation (tau = 0.36, p less than 0.02) was observed between delta CP and HbA1, which was not found (tau = 0.05) in the remaining 25 IDDM who had the highest insulin antibody binding. These findings suggest that, in the absence of endogenous insulin secretion, diabetic control in IDDM receiving a single daily injection of conventional beef insulin is better in patients with high beef insulin antibody binding. Conversely, in patients with low beef insulin antibody binding, diabetic control appears to be better in those with persisting endogenous insulin secretion. PMID- 7030900 TI - Comparison of metabolic effects of glucagon and calcitonin and assessment of direct effect of glucagon on calcitonin level in athyroid man. AB - The effect of intramuscular administration of glucagon (Glg) and calcitonin (Ct) on the pattern of serum calcium (Ca), in organic phosphorus (P), blood glucose (BS), immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and growth hormone (GH) was investigate in 14 patients after total thyroid ablation during replacement therapy. In seven patients the pattern of Ct after Glg administration was assessed in the same conditions. Both hormones induced a prompt and marked decrease of Ca with out any differences between effect of Glg and Ct. The decline of P due to Glg is more rapid and marked than the due to Ct, the difference being significant from 60 to 120 min. Glg caused a rapid and marked rise of BS and IRI with a tendency toward normalization up to 180 min, GH rose significantly from 120 to 180 min. The changes of BS and IRI due to Ct were slow and less marked, but prolonged: level of BS increased and that of IRI decreased. No effect of Ct administration on GH was recorded. In general, neither the effects of Glg nor those of Ct were influenced by hypothyroidism. This fact may be of importance for use of Glg in testing GH reserve in hypothyroidism. Ct after Glg administration in athyroid patients failed to exhibit any significant changes. Thus our results support the assumption about similar and independent action of Glg and Ct on calcium and phosphate homeostasis and different effects of both hormones on glucose metabolism. PMID- 7030901 TI - Effect of calcium infusion on post-reactive hypoglycemia. AB - In normal subjects, the continuous infusion of calcium during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) did not improve both glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. In diabetics, an improvement in OGTT was observed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium on reactive hypoglycemia. Nine normal controls and fourteen non obese, non diabetic patients with reactive hypoglycemia plasma glucose, less than 2.8 mmol/l during 5 hours OGTT, 75 g glucose, were studied. The protocal included two five hours OGTT with an interval of eight days, with a randomized infusion of normal saline or calcium (35 mEq/5h). An highly significant increase in plasma calcium was observed throughout the calcium infusion, in all subjects. In normal subjects, this infusion did not affect insulin secretion and OGTT, contrary to all patients with reactive hypoglycemia in whom calcium infusion produced significant increase in plasma glucose with p less than 0.05, p less than 0.02 at 120, p less than 0.01 at 180 min. Simultaneously the symptoms of hypoglycemia disappeared. Continuous infusion of calcium suppressed reactive hypoglycemia. PMID- 7030902 TI - A controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccine (Heptavax B): a final report. AB - A controlled, randomized, double-blind trial in 1,083 homosexual men from New York confirmed that a highly purified, formalin-inactivated vaccine against hepatitis B prepared from HBsAg positive plasma, is safe immunogenic, and highly efficacious. Over 95% of vaccinated subjects developed antibody against the surface antigen. Vaccine-induced antibody persisted for the entire 24-month follow-up period. The attack rate of all hepatitis B virus infections (excluding conversions of anti-HBc alone) was 3.2% in vaccine recipients compared with 25.6% in placebo recipients (p less than 0.0001). In those who received all three doses of vaccine, of 40 micrograms each, the protective efficacy rate was close to 100%. The vaccine protects against acute hepatitis B, asymptomatic infection, and chronic antigenemia. There is reason to assume that the vaccine is also partially effective when given postexposure. PMID- 7030903 TI - Hepatitis B virus DNA in the sera of HBsAg carriers: a marker of active hepatitis B virus replication in the liver. AB - Sera and liver biopsies from 30 Italian patients, carriers of HBsAg for at least 3 years, were examined for markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection by serological assays and immunofluorescence. Biopsies were analyzed for HBcAg, HBsAg, and delta antigen by immunofluorescence; sera were assayed for HBsAg/anti HBs, HBcAg/anti-HBc, HBeAg/anti-HBe, delta/anti-delta, HBV-specific DNA polymerase activity and the presence of HBV DNA. HBcAg, HBeAg, and DNA polymerase tests were positive in the sera of 71, 86, and 57%, respectively, of carriers with intrahepatic HBcAg. HBV DNA was detected in 100% of patients expressing HBcAg in the liver with a strong correlation between the concentration of serum DNA and the intensity of HBcAg immunofluorescence in the liver. HBV DNA was detected in the sera of 63% of carriers with intrahepatic delta where the other markers of HBV replication (HBeAg, DNA polymerase) were undetectable. The assay for serum HBV DNA appears to be an excellent noninvasive method for detecting active replication of HBV in HBsAg carriers. PMID- 7030904 TI - The hepatocellular uptake and biliary excretion of endotoxin in the rat. PMID- 7030905 TI - Hepatocyte and Kupffer cell functions during liver regeneration in streptozotocin diabetic rats. AB - The insulinoprivic influence of acute severe streptozotocin diabetes on liver regeneration in rats was evaluated by determining liver weights as well as hepatocyte and Kupffer cell functional capacities. Functional capacities were assessed by bromosulfophthalein uptake for hepatocytes and carbon phagocytosis for Kupffer cells. Evaluation immediately after partial hepatectomy revealed a 66% reduction of liver mass, a 63% decrease in hepatocyte bromosulfophthalein removal, and a 65% decline in Kupffer cell carbon phagocytosis. Per cent recovery at 48-hr posthepatectomy was considerably greater for carbon phagocytosis than for bromosulfophthalein removal by regenerating livers. This apparent difference in functional recovery was likely due in part to enhanced non-Kupffer cell carbon phagocytosis. No significant differences of the three regeneration indices were noted for untreated streptozotocin-diabetic rats compared to nondiabetic animals. However, insulin administration to fasted streptozotocin diabetics significantly stimulated liver regeneration above that of untreated fasted rats and almost equivalent to that of pair-fed animals. Fasted rats had in general slower liver regeneration than pair-fed animals as expected. Furthermore, insulin administration to fasted nondiabetic rats after partial hepatectomy caused severe hypoglycemia and resulted in a further depression of liver regeneration. PMID- 7030906 TI - Endotoxin, reticuloendothelial function, and liver injury. AB - The concept that relates intestinal bacteria and their toxins as a common pathway of liver injury by toxic agents has interested investigators for a long period. Recently, a number of studies in experimental animals and in patients with liver disease support this contention, and are reviewed. Evidence is presented to suggest that: (a) function of the sinusoidal cells is critical to integrity of the hepatocyte; (b) damage to these lining cells by several agents may be the initial injury leading to decreased ability of the liver to detoxify endotoxin (LPS); (c) following this primary injury to Kupffer and endothelial cells, LPS causes damage at amounts which are ordinarily innocuous and may represent a final pathway of liver necrosis; (d) "spillover" of LPS may lead to systemic manifestations of liver disease, and (e) modification of endotoxin toxicity or absorption may protect against several acute and chronic liver injuries. PMID- 7030907 TI - Experimental HBV and delta infections of chimpanzees: occurrence and significance of intrahepatic immune complexes of HBcAg and delta antigen. AB - The occurrence and pathogenetic role of intrahepatic deposits of immunoglobulins in experimental viral infection have been evaluated by determining with immunofluorescence their capacity to fix complement in vitro [in vitro complement fixation (VCF)]. Liver biopsies from chimpanzees chronically or acutely infected with hepatitis B virus or the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-associated delta agent were used in the study. VCF was observed in each animal expressing hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) or delta antigen in the liver and concurrently circulating the homologous antibody in the blood. In acutely infected animals, VCF appeared at the same time that the homologous serum antibody appeared, and the intensity of VCF staining was proportional to the antibody titer in the serum. In animals expressing sequentially the HBcAg/antibody system and then delta antigen and antibody to delta, VCF was first observed in HBcAg-containing nuclei and then in nuclei expressing delta antigen. There was no relationship between VCF and intrahepatic expression of HBsAg or serologic expression of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). A positive VCF reaction appears related to the formation of intrahepatic immune complexes between HBcAg or delta antigen and the homologous antibody. Although acute hepatitis developed in parallel with the occurrence of VCF in two animals, strong VCF fluorescence was also observed in each of the asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg, and, in one of them, preexisting VCF staining of HBcAg disappeared in parallel with development of acute hepatitis. In experimentally infected chimpanzees, the finding in liver biopsies of immune complexes detectable by VCF appears to be a common epiphenomenon without pathogenic significance. PMID- 7030908 TI - Alcoholic liver disease: I. Interrelationships among histologic features and the histologic effects of prednisolone therapy. PMID- 7030909 TI - Hepatic schistosomiasis. PMID- 7030910 TI - Effects of pH and NaCl concentration on binding of covalently-linked insulin dimers to liver plasma membranes. AB - The effects of NaCl concentration and pH on binding to purified rat liver plasma membranes were compared for labelled insulin and two covalently-linked insulin dimers. Specific binding of both dimers and insulin increased as NaCl concentration increased from 0 to 1M in 0.05M Tris/HCl buffer. The initial rise in binding was much greater for dimers than for insulin. Specific binding of dimers was sensitive to pH changes in 0.029M barbital sodium acetate buffer, but this effect was more marked with insulin, which reached a sharp binding peak at pH 7.7 to 8.0. Both total and non-specific dimer binding were approximately 2 fold greater at pH 5.0 than at pH 8.0. Specific-binding fraction determinations of both dimers relative to insulin have been shown to be critically dependent on the experimental conditions of Na+/Cl- ion concentration and pH. These observations allow a better understanding of the nature of ligand-receptor interaction. PMID- 7030911 TI - [Insulin-like effects of agmatine derivatives in vitro and in vivo (author's transl)]. AB - The synthesis and insulin-like effects of two new groups of agmatine derivatives are described. We prepared the N omega-isopropylagmatines (1-[omega (isopropylamino)alkyl]guanidine) and the N omega-formylagmatines (1-[omega (formylamino)alkyl]guanidine with the alkyl chain lengths varying from C4 to C8. For determination of glucose oxidation, we used isolated fat cells from rat epididymic adipose tissue; mice were used for in vivo determinations of blood glucose level and lactate concentration. Glucose oxidation is considerably increased by isopropylagmatines, hypoglycemic effects could not be observed. The lactate concentration of the serum is lowered. At agmatine chain lengths of C6 and more, subtoxic doses of formylagmatines depress the blood glucose level; the values were definitely hypoglycemic (20 to 30 mg/100 ml). Glucose oxidation is unaffected, or, in some cases, decreased. Lactate concentration is increased by formylagmatines. We did not succeed in finding an alkylated agmatine derivative with hypoglycemic activities which does not affect the production of lactate. PMID- 7030912 TI - Inhibitory mechanism of sericystatin, an intracellular proteinase inhibitor, reacting with cysteine proteinases. AB - Studies are reported on the inhibitory mechanism of an endogenous inhibitor, which has the ability of inhibiting both cysteine and serine proteinases. On the basis of this unusual inhibitory property, we propose the name "sericystatin". The cysteine proteinases (cathepsin B and papain) can be reactivated from their complex with sericystatin by the action of oxidized glutathione or by chymotrypsin-like neutral proteinases. The inhibitory activity of sericystatin can be inactivated by treatment with oxidized glutathione. The results indicate that sericystatin inhibits these enzymes by a reversible thiol-disulphide exchange mechanism. PMID- 7030913 TI - ADP-ribosylation of proteins--a multifunctional process. PMID- 7030914 TI - Synthesis of leupeptins and inhibition of proteinases. I. Inhibition of acrosin and trypsin. AB - A series of leupeptin analogs R-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-argininal with variable N terminal substituents has been synthesized using N alpha-tert-butyl-oxycarbonyl NG-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-arginine-delta-lactam as the starting material. The modified leupeptins proved to be strong competitive inhibitors of the endoprotease acrosin from mammalian spermatozoa. Inhibition constants were found in the range of 4.7 X 10(-7)M (R = H) to 9.7 X 10(-9)M (R = tert butyloxycarbonyl). N alpha-tert-butyloxycarbonyl leupeptin represents the strongest acrosin inhibitor synthesized so far. Two of the leupeptin derivatives (R = trifluoroacetyl, R = tert-butyloxycarbonyl) were more effective than the natural leupeptins from microbial sources (Ki = 5.9 X 10(-8)M). The potential use of synthetic leupeptins as antienzymatic contraceptives is discussed. PMID- 7030915 TI - Uptake, metabolism and excretion of orally and intravenously administered, 14C- and 3H-labeled N-acetylneuraminic acid mixture in the mouse and rat. AB - N-Acetyl-D-[2-14C,9-3H]neuraminic acid, enzymically prepared from sodium [2-14C] pyruvate and N-acetyl-D-[6-3H]mannosamine by N-acetylneuraminate lyase in 75% yield, was orally administered to 20 day old fasted mice. 90% of the administered neuraminic acid was absorbed from the intestine in the course of 4 h, at a rate depending on the retention time of neuraminic acid in the intestine and the mental conditions of the animals. Between 60 and 90% of the neuraminic acid was excreted in the urine without chemical alteration within the first 6 h. Four hours after administration 10% of the 3H- and 1.3% of the 14C-radioactivity were recovered in the whole blood and in liver, spleen, kidney and brain. After 3 days 0.5% of 3H- and 0.01% of 14C-radioactivity still remained in these tissues. The discrepancy of the 14C-amount relative to the 3H-quantity was accounted for by exhaled 14CO2. After intravenous injection of N-acetylneuraminic acid into rats, 90% of the radioactivity corresponding to the original substance was excreted in the urine within 10 min. Four hours after administration only 5% of the applied 3H- and 1.2% of the 14C-radioactivity were left in the blood and in liver, spleen, kidney and brain. The experiments show that neither orally nor intravenously applied N-acetylneuraminic acid can penetrate cell membranes to a large extent, with the exception of the intestine. The isotopic ratio and N acetylneuraminate lyase activity suggest that the small amount of the neuraminic acid retained in tissues was largely cleaved by the lyase, followed by metabolism of the reaction products. It may be concluded from these observations that neuraminic acid occurring in food cannot directly be used for the biosynthesis of glycoconjugates on a large scale. PMID- 7030916 TI - The language of Psychiatry. AB - The knowledge explosion of recent years has generated a language explosion in every field, especially in the behavioral sciences. In addition, existing terms are often used in new, jargonistic, or contradictory ways, and some words have become so popularized that they no longer have validity for scientists. The editor of the fifth edition of the Psychiatric Dictionary tells how terms gain entry into its pages, why some are eliminated, and why some definitions are revised. He discusses how the new categories and nomenclature of the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders were handled, particularly since clinicians throughout the world have been accustomed to the terminology of DSM-II. PMID- 7030917 TI - Biting the bullet: the states begin funding cutbacks. PMID- 7030918 TI - Medicaid's unanswered questions. PMID- 7030919 TI - Promising future predicted for digital subtraction angiography. PMID- 7030920 TI - Current concepts in the diagnosis of human soft tissue sarcomas. AB - The surgical pathologist is often called upon to make a rapid decision about the malignant potential of a soft tissue tumor. These tumors have specific stromas that support growth and endow the tumor with unique qualities, as well as being manifestations of the phenotypic expression of tumor cells. Collagen, the major protein of the stroma of tumors, is now recognized as a family of proteins, each a different gene product. Immunofluorescence microscopy studies using antibodies directed against purified stromal components, particularly the different type specific collagens, may soon be available in large quantities. These are potentially useful tools for the surgical pathologist not only in making that important decision, but also for developing a classification scheme for human sarcomas. This scheme will inevitably have a more sound biological basis than those currently used. PMID- 7030921 TI - Ultrastructural lesions of bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis. A comparison with the lesions observed in graft versus host disease. AB - Intrahepatic bile duct destruction is a characteristic feature of primary biliary cirrhosis and hepatic graft versus host disease. Lymphocytotoxicity against antigens on the surface of biliary cells is one of the cell mediated immune mechanisms debated in the pathogenesis of persistent bile duct destruction during primary biliary cirrhosis. Immune complex injury has also been hypothesized. In graft versus host disease, damage to bile duct cells is also believed to be due to a cytotoxic reaction of the grafted lymphoid cells against the host histocompatibility antigens, and immune complex deposition is likely to occur. The aim in this comparative ultrastructural study of intrahepatic bile ducts in 10 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and six patients with hepatic graft versus host disease was to investigate whether identical or different ultrastructural lesions were detected in both diseases. Features of conspicuous necrosis of biliary cells, including cytolysosomes, apoptosis, and basement membrane disruption, were observed in both diseases. Numerous lymphocytes established close membrane contacts with biliary cells, especially with the necrotic ones. They had cytoplasmic pseudopods, and some of them displayed a uropod or contained lysosomal vesicles. Abnormalities of the bile duct basement membrane, also observed in both diseases, included thickening or multilayering and numerous lucent areas of rarefaction often containing osmiophilic inclusions. The striking similarity of the ultrastructural lesions in both diseases provides an additional morphological argument to suggest that certain common pathogenic mechanisms might be involved in the destruction of bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis as well as in hepatic graft versus host disease. PMID- 7030922 TI - Human T lymphocyte antigens as defined by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 7030923 TI - Incomplete tolerance to MHC antigens in irradiation chimeras: implications for MHC restriction and self tolerance. PMID- 7030924 TI - Development and loss of virus-specific thymic competence in bone marrow radiation chimeras and normal mice. PMID- 7030925 TI - Polymorphism of the mouse H-2 loci. PMID- 7030926 TI - Breakthrough to nursing: the Black nurse's story. PMID- 7030927 TI - Technique for measuring picomolar amounts of bound and unbound amino acids obtained from myogenic cell cultures of skeletal muscle. AB - A procedure is described that compares the isotope dilution method of measuring picomolar amounts of amino acids obtained from cellular extracts with a direct method of analysis. Evidence is provided that shows that the direct method is at least as accurate as the isotope dilution method. In addition the direct method is as expedient an requires but a single isotope and fewer chromatograms for analysis. A procedure also is described for selecting the appropriate conditions for dansylation and for measuring the loss of dansyl amino acid due to decomposition. PMID- 7030928 TI - Macrophage growth inhibitors derived from the murine peritoneal cavity. AB - The murine peritoneal cavity contains factors that inhibit the in vitro growth and colony formation of macrophages. The inhibition of macrophage growth is not due to cell death. In the presence of inhibitors, the growth of colony-forming macrophages is suppressed, and small clusters are formed as a result of limited proliferation. The more mature mononuclear phagocytes (blood monocytes and peritoneal exudate macrophages) are more sensitive to the overall inhibitory effect of the peritoneal inhibitors than the less mature bone marrow mononuclear phagocytes. Furthermore, using dialysis and Amicon ultrafiltration, at least two inhibitors with differential inhibitory effects can be demonstrated. The colony formation of bone marrow mononuclear phagocytes is suppressed mainly by a protease-resistant, small molecular weight (less than 1,000) dialyzable inhibitor. In contrast, peritoneal exudate macrophages are sensitive to both the small molecular weight inhibitor and a protease-sensitive, large molecular weight (greater than 12,000), nondialyzable inhibitor. The data suggest a possible existence of a dual inhibitor control on the proliferation of mononuclear phagocytes in vivo. In addition, the in vitro cultured peritoneal exudate cells are capable of producing inhibitors that mimic the activity of the in vivo inhibitors. PMID- 7030929 TI - Surgery in angina. PMID- 7030930 TI - Characterization of a colitis phage specific stable mRNA. PMID- 7030931 TI - Characteristics of proline transport in the spheroplasts isolated from Candida albicans cells. PMID- 7030932 TI - Observations on enbloc resection and reconstruction of malignant bone tumours. PMID- 7030933 TI - Recent resurgence of scabies. PMID- 7030934 TI - Mutagenic activity of isoniazid & its metabolites in different test systems. PMID- 7030935 TI - Effect of testosterone on inhibin metabolism in male rats. PMID- 7030936 TI - Transfection assay for deoxyribonucleases. PMID- 7030937 TI - Effects of chronic renal denervation in uni-nephrectomized rats. PMID- 7030938 TI - Probable mode of action of cortisone on the preen gland of the pigeon Columba livia gmelin. PMID- 7030939 TI - Intracellular potassium variations during growth of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7030940 TI - Control of glycolysis in isolated hepatocytes by insulin & glucagon. PMID- 7030941 TI - A comparative evaluation of two proteocine typing schemes. PMID- 7030942 TI - Potential anti-leprosy vaccine from killed ICRC bacilli--a clinicopathological study. PMID- 7030943 TI - Enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from hospital food. PMID- 7030944 TI - Haemagglutination and buccal epithelial cell adherence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from infants with acute diarrhoeal disease. PMID- 7030945 TI - An outbreak due to multiple drug resistant Serratia marcescens in a children's hospital. PMID- 7030947 TI - IgG-dependent human eosinophil-mediated adhesion and cytotoxicity of Litomosoides carinii larvae. PMID- 7030946 TI - Micro-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of amoebiasis. PMID- 7030949 TI - Dynamics of cellular and humoral immunity to liver cell membrane antigens in acute viral hepatitis. PMID- 7030948 TI - Antibiotic resistance of enterobacteria isolated from hospitalized diarrhoeal patients. PMID- 7030950 TI - Role of the renal nerves in the pathogenesis of one-kidney renal hypertension in the rat. AB - Increased sympathetic nervous system activity has been demonstrated in established one-kidney one clip hypertension in the rat. To determine the importance of the renal nerves in this model of hypertension, renal denervation or sham operation was carried out 2 weeks after clipping. Systolic blood pressure (BP) after clipping the renal artery in 27 uninephrectomized male Charles River rats increased significantly from 125 +/- 3 mm Hg to a stable level of 185 +/-7 mm Hg by 2 weeks, in association with a positive sodium balance. Renal denervation in 13 animals resulted in a significant decrease in BP to 137 +/- 7 mm Hg, while no change in BP was seen after sham operation in 14 animals. There was no difference in mean daily water intake, mean daily sodium intake, mean daily urine volume, or mean fractional urinary sodium excretion between sham operation and renal-denervated animals during the 2 weeks after operation. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and creatinine clearance were not significantly different at sacrifice 2 weeks after operation. Six of the renal-denervated rats were followed for 11 weeks after surgery. The BP rose again to hypertensive levels (187 +/- 8 mm Hg) by 5 weeks after renal denervation. Repeat renal denervation resulted in a significant decrease to 142 +/- 8 mm Hg. Renal denervation in eight rats with established one-kidney Grollman hypertension (185 +/- 8 mm Hg) also resulted ina significant decrease in systolic BP (143 +/- 8 mm Hg). The data demonstrate the importance of intact renal nerves in the maintenance of hypertension in the one kidney renal hypertensive rat. The depressor effect of renal denervation is not mediated by alterations in sodium intake or excretion, water intake or excretion, creatinine clearance or PRA. PMID- 7030951 TI - Role of reactive hyperreninemia in blood pressure changes induced by sodium depletion in patients with refractory hypertension. AB - Sixteen patients with refractory hypertension were submitted to vigorous sodium depletion while cardiovascular homeostasis was monitored with measurements of hormonal and hemodynamic parameters and repeat saralasin tests. This regimen resulted in a negative sodium balance by an average of 300 mEq. The loss of sodium closely correlated to the decrease of body weight (r = 0.70, p less than 0.005). Blood pressure (BP) decreased from 176/166 +/- 8/3 to 155/109 +/-6/3 mm Hg. There was a significant correlation between percent increments in plasma renin activity (PRA) and the rise in plasma norepinephrine (r = 0.68, p less than 0.05) and a close negative correlation between percent increase in PRA and the ratio of fall in mean blood pressure (MAP) per unit of weight loss (r = -0.73, p less than 0.005). Thus, patients with the least percent increase in PRA demonstrated the greatest fall in BP per unit of weight loss, indicating that relative rather than absolute elevation of renin may be the factor limiting antihypertensive efficacy of sodium depletion. Sodium depletion induced increase in peripheral resistance and decrease in cardiac output, both mostly attributable to relative hyperreninemia. Indeed, the adverse hemodynamic changes were reversed by angiotensin inhibition, during which BP normalized. It is concluded that vigorous sodium depletion complemented by angiotensin blockade or suppression with sympatholytic agents improves management of otherwise refractory hypertension. PMID- 7030952 TI - Blood concentration and urinary excretion of captopril (SQ 14,225) in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Blood concentration and urinary excretion of captopril following 50 mg oral administration were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography in normal subjects and patients with chronic renal failure. In normal subjects, the maximum blood concentration of the free form of captopril was obtained within 1 hour and was not detectable after 6 hours; 41% of administered captopril was excreted into the urine as free form and metabolites within 2 hours, and 58% within 6 hours. In chronic renal failure patients with an average serum creatinine of 5.1 mg/dl, the absorption constant (Ka), maximum concentration (Cmax), and area under the blood concentration curve (AUC) were not significantly different from those in the normal subjects, but the elimination constant (Ke) and biological half-life (T1/2) showed a significant delay in the disappearance of captopril from the blood (p less than 0.01 respectively). The cumulative amount of urinary excretion of either free-form captopril or its' metabolites was significantly decreased at 2, 4, and 6 hours in chronic renal failure patients (p less than 0.01 or less, respectively). Impairment of kidney function is suggested to be an important factor in the promotion of blood retention of captopril. PMID- 7030953 TI - Clinical use of captopril. PMID- 7030955 TI - [Historic landmarks in the development of the relationship of dentistry to psychology]. PMID- 7030954 TI - Hypertension among Blacks. An annotated bibliography. PMID- 7030956 TI - [Interaction between buccal root torque and expansion using Goshgarian's palatal bow]. PMID- 7030957 TI - [Mechanical measurement of the turning force generated by palatal bow torque and the expansion force generated by torque application]. PMID- 7030958 TI - Effects of proteases on the structure and activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. AB - The effects of various proteases on the enzymatic or biological activity and structure of exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa were systematically studied. The toxin was extremely resistant to treatment with various enzymes. The lethality of the toxin disappeared upon treatment with P. aeruginosa protease and elastase, thermolysin, and trypsin with a long incubation time (5h) in the presence of a high enzyme concentration (molar concentration of enzyme to toxin, 1:10 or 1:20), but was little altered by either alpha-chymotrypsin or subtilisin. The decrease of adenosine diphosphate ribosylation activity was moderate when the same treatment was used, regardless to the protease source, except in the case of papain, which was tested in the presence of reducing agents. The increase in activation of the treated toxin determined in the presence of a denaturant and a reducing agent was less than that of the intact toxin, except in the case of trypsin. The differences in disc and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electropherograms of the toxins treated with these proteases, except for those treated with papain, suggested that the toxins had been nicked by the protease, which resulted in their degradation by sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment. Papain degraded the toxin into fragments and caused the disappearance of lethality or a marked decrease of adenosine diphosphate ribosylation activity. PMID- 7030959 TI - Correlation between the production of extracellular substances by type III group B streptococcal strains and virulence in a mouse model. AB - Twelve strains of serotype III group B streptococci (8 isolated from cases of neonatal disease, 3 isolated from asymptomatically colonized infants, and 1 laboratory reference strain) were examined for the vitro production of three potential extracellular virulence products: type-specific antigen, neuraminidase, and protease. In addition, virulence in a mouse model, expressed as 50% lethal dose, was determined for the 12 strains to determine whether a relationship existed between the production of any of the three extracellular products and virulence. Only production of extracellular type-specific antigen showed a correlation with virulence in the mouse model. The high producers of extracellular type-specific antigen were an average of 166-fold more virulent for mice than low producers of the same component. There was no correlation between virulence and either neuraminidase or protease production, nor was there a correlation between either of these two extracellular products and the levels of extracellular type-specific antigen. When levels of group B streptococci of each type (a high and low producer of extracellular type-specific antigen) in organs of infected mice were examined, comparable levels of organisms were found in the brain, spleen, and lungs of mice near death regardless of the initial inoculum. However, the high producer of extracellular type-specific antigen caused death in mice with a 2 to 3 log lower inoculum than the low producer, suggesting that these strains may be more invasive. PMID- 7030960 TI - Purification and characterization of a major cytoplasmic antigen of Candida albicans. AB - In previous work (Jones, Infect, Immun. 30:78-89, 1980) a major cytoplasmic antigen of Candida albicans was identified. In both humans and experimental animals, this antigen is released from C. albicans during the course of an invasive C. albicans infection and elicits a specific antibody response. In this study, we used diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography and concanavalin A Sepharose chromatography to obtain purified preparations of the major cytoplasmic antigen from crude cytoplasmic extracts of C. albicans. Column chromatography yielded a purified preparation of the major cytoplasmic antigen, which produced a single line in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using crossed immunoelectrophoresis, we detected small concentrations of contaminating antigens in the purified preparations. We found that the major antigen was a single polypeptide chain containing about 435 amino acid residues and had a molecular weight of 54,300. This antigen did not possess any of 19 common activities. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays are being developed to detect this antigen in serum and to detect antibody against the antigen. PMID- 7030961 TI - Accelerated lesion development in experimental syphilis. AB - In experimental syphilis, lesion development changes when different numbers of treponemes are injected. Lesions at sites inoculated with lower concentrations frequently exhibit delayed incubation periods, less tissue degradation, and more rapid healing. In this report I describe an unusual finding, namely, that accelerated rather than delayed incubation period occurred after intradermal inoculation of different dosages of Treponema pallidum. When rabbits were injected with only one inoculum containing 10(6), 10(5), 10(4), or 10(3) treponemes per rabbit, the corresponding incubation periods were 4.2, 7.5, 11.0 and 15.3 days, respectively. When each rabbit was injected with all four inocula on the back, the incubation periods were shortened to 3.9, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.9 days, respectively. More pronounced differences were observed with more divergent ranges of treponemal inocula. I discuss these findings in terms of the histopathology of syphilitic lesions. PMID- 7030962 TI - Enhanced immunoglobulin, A release from human colostral cells during phagocytosis. AB - Human colostral leukocytes were investigated for their ability to release immunoglobulin A during phagocytosis of latex particles, heat-killed Candida albicans, or live Escherichia coli. Leukocytes readily phagocytosed latex or serum-opsonized candida or the E. coli. Colostral fluid was also opsonic for yeast and bacteria. Immunoglobulin release, which consisted mainly of secretory immunoglobulin A, began during the first 15 min of incubation with latex, opsonized yeast, or opsonized bacteria. Release was significantly increased from control levels by 30 or 60 min. The release of immunoglobulin A could be inhibited by incubating leukocytes at 4 degrees C. We conclude that phagocytosis and immunoglobulin A release by human colostral leukocytes are related. The data support the hypothesis that colostral leukocytes may play an active role in protecting infants from pathogenic microorganisms. PMID- 7030963 TI - Bactericidal capacity of newborn phagocytes against group B beta-hemolytic streptococci. AB - The bactericidal capacity of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear phagocytes obtained from normal newborn infants and from healthy adults was evaluated in vitro, using two group B beta-hemolytic streptococci (GBBHS) serotypes (GBBHS-Ia SS-615/28 and GBBHS-III-SS-620/50) and uniform opsonic conditions. No intertype differences in bacteriolysis of these two serotypes were observed among leukocytes from newborns or adults. As group, only polymorphonuclear phagocytes from newborns disclosed a significantly lower mean bactericidal capacity than their adult cellular counterpart, and only with respect to GBBHS-III-SS-620/50. On the other hand, 4 or 16 polymorphonuclear samples from newborns tested revealed significantly low bactericidal capacities against both GBBHS serotypes, and an additional sample revealed a bactericidal capacity against GBBHS-III-SS 620/50 alone. Interstrain variations in the intrinsic bactericidal capacity of polymorphonuclear phagocytes from newborns against GBBHS-III may exist, as suggested by a single observation made by using four clinical isolates of GBBHS III. Such deviant phagocytic capacities of polymorphonuclear phagocytes from newborns may constitute an additional selective risk factor in the genesis of GBBHS sepsis of the newborn. PMID- 7030964 TI - Protection in rats immunized with Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. AB - Rats immunized with a semipurified preparation of the Escherichia coli heat stable (ST) enterotoxin conjugated with a protein carrier were protected against challenge with semipurified or purified ST and viable organisms of multiple heterologous serotypes that produce only ST (LT-/ST+), but they were not protected against heal-labile (LT) toxin or viable strains which produce LT either alone (LT+/ST-) or together with ST (LT+/ST+). PMID- 7030965 TI - Long term clinical assessment of direct pulp capping. AB - Appropriate definitions, history and success rates of direct pulp capping procedures are reviewed. Two of the disadvantages of this form of treatment are infection of the pulp, either preoperatively or postoperatively due to a non sterile procedure or bacterial leakage at the capping site. Past results of directly capping potential inflamed pulps have been unsatisfactory, but now an increasing number of endodontists advocate capping when conditions are favourable. Direct capping should only be used on vital pulp which has been accidentally injured and shows no other symptoms. Direct capping with calcium hydroxide should not be used on pulp which has been exposed as a result of penetrating caries. Clinical studies 2338 cases have shown that the risk of failure is increased if the pulp is diseased before capping, but that the age of the tooth does not have an adverse effect. It also appears that capping performed by skilled practitioners is more successful than that performed by students. The results of a re-examination of 110 patients, a minimum of 4 years after they had received direct capping treatment from students, showed a success rate of 80 per cent. In skilled hands, the success rate for direct capping with calcium hydroxide is now 90 per cent provided that a hermetic seal is obtained. PMID- 7030966 TI - Platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether): molecular aspects of its release and pharmacological actions. PMID- 7030967 TI - The role of T cell subsets and Ia antigens in delayed-type hypersensitivity. PMID- 7030968 TI - Cellular and molecular aspects of lymphocyte macrophage interactions. PMID- 7030969 TI - Loss of IgE receptors and shedding of a protease during purification of mast cells. PMID- 7030970 TI - Combined effects of natural resistance and chemotherapy against a murine lymphoma in lethally-irradiated mice. AB - Lymphoma EL-4 of B6 origin was inoculated into lethally-irradiated syngeneic B6 or resistant BD2F1 hybrid recipients. Marked impairment of lymphoma cell proliferation (i.e. hybrid resistance, HR) occurred in the spleen but not in the liver or lung of BD2F1 hosts. Treatment with DTIC at the optimal dose of 80 mg/kg i.p. produced inhibitory effects in spleen, liver and lung of young BD2F1 mice, that were much greater than those observed in syngeneic B6 hosts. Increased anti lymphoma effects for HR and DTIC chemotherapy were not detectable in the liver or lung of old BD2F1 mice or in the spleen, liver or lung of young hybrid recipients depressed for HR by pretreatment with cyclophosphamide. This is the first report on combined antileukemic effects of the host's anti-tumor natural resistance and chemotherapy. PMID- 7030971 TI - Natural killer cell activity in reticulum-cell sarcomas of SJL/J mice. III. Characterization of the effector cells within RCS that mediate NK lysis. PMID- 7030972 TI - Clinical pharmacology of antiarrhythmic drugs: a review and overview, Part III. PMID- 7030973 TI - A comparative clinical study of dioxonium and pancuronium as muscle relaxants in small children. AB - Dioxonium (30, 40, and 60 microgram/kg i.v.), a new depolarizing agent, weas compared with pancuronium (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg i.v.) as a muscle relaxant in combination anesthesia during general surgical operations in small children. Generally, the conditions during intubation, maintenance of anesthesia, and in the recovery room were comparable after both drugs. There were no differences in the cardiovascular responses either. However, a wider intra- and interindividual variation in the drug response was observed after dioxonium, especially after repeated administrations. PMID- 7030974 TI - A double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of (dl)-3,7-dihydro-1,8-dimethyl-3 (2-methylbutyl)-1H-purine-2,6-dione in exercise-induced bronchospasm. AB - The investigational drug, (dl)-3, 7-dihydro-1, 8-dimethyl-3-(2-methylbutyl)-1 H purine-2, 6-dione, has been proven to be an active bronchodilator and antiallergic compound in animal and clinical studies. Adult asthmatic patients who demonstrated greater than or equal to 20% improvement in FEV1 after inhalation of aerosolized isoproterenol or its equivalent and greater than or equal to 20% reduction in FEV1 after a graded treadmill exercise received theophylline (3, 6 mg/Kg, every 6 h) for 4 days. Further selection of patients was made by demonstrating that theophylline effectively blocked exercise-induced reduction in FEV1 and was effective in increasing FEV1 by 20% when measured 2 h after oral administration. Thus, these adult asthmatics entered a double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-dose cross-over study with the investigational drug at dosage 0.075 mg/kg twice daily and 0.125 mg/kg twice daily. At both dosages studied the investigational drug was found to be an effective bronchodilator in blocking exercise-induced reduction in FEV1 by improving asthma disability scores and increasing FEV1 2 h after oral administration. The incidence and severity of the side effects observed were less than those observed with theophylline. PMID- 7030975 TI - Guanfacine in the treatment of hypertension: two years' experience with low dose monotherapy. AB - The results of one year's treatment of 243 hypertensive patients with guanfacine, given alone in a variety of doses and dosage schedules, were analyzed in terms of antihypertensive efficacy and incidence of side effects. The study comprised 111 women and 132 men with a mean age of 53.7 years and a mean pretreatment blood pressure of 185/105 (+/- 23/11) mmHg. After one year's treatment the mean blood pressure was 146/89 mmHg for patients receiving guanfacine once a day (mean dose 2.2 mg), 153/90 mmHg for patients on a twice-daily dosage schedule (mean daily dose 3.5 mg), and 159/92 mmHg for patient on a thrice-daily schedule (mean daily dose 4.9 mg). There were no differences between the three groups as regards sex, age, body weight, previous treatment, or pretreatment blood pressure. Normalization of blood pressure occurred in 75% of the patients treated with guanfacine given once daily and in 52% of those given guanfacine thrice-daily. The incidence of sedation and dryness of the mouth was lowest on the once-a-day schedule and highest on the thrice-daily schedule. The possible interpretations and general consequences of these findings are discussed. The results reflect the long duration of action of guanfacine and justify the recommendation of low, single daily doses averaging 2-3 mg for long-term treatment. They also demonstrate the value of guanfacine monotherapy in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7030976 TI - Interaction between proxyphylline and salbutamol. AB - Salbutamol increased significantly the bronchodilating effect of proxyphylline both in experimental animals and in asthmatic patients. In guinea pigs (modified Konzett-Rossler method) the reduction in response to metacholine caused by increasing doses of proxyphylline and salbutamol significantly exceeded that of either drug alone. In a double-blind, randomized cross-over study conducted on 3 consecutive days, asthmatic patients received 500 mg proxyphylline orally three times daily. On the 2nd or 3rd day a significantly greater improvement in the peak expiratory flow was found after the combination of proxyphylline and salbutamol (3 mg p.o.) in comparison with proxyphylline and placebo. Salbutamol had no significant effect on the plasma concentrations of proxyphylline, which varied between 14 and 22 microgram/ml. The combination of oral proxyphylline and salbutamol is clinically useful in increasing drug response without increased adverse effects. PMID- 7030977 TI - Comparison of captopril (SQ 14225) with hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of essential hypertension. AB - Captopril, a newly developed, orally active inhibitor of the angiotensin converting enzyme, and hydrochlorothiazide were given alone or in combination to 39 patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension. After a placebo period the patients were randomly allocated in the proportion 3:2 to treatment with captopril (n = 23) or hydrochlorothiazide (n = 16) for dose titration over 4 weeks. The alternative test drug was added thereafter during an 8-week maintenance period if the supine diastolic blood pressure was more than 90 mmHg. The average supine BP reduction in the captopril group was 29/21 mmHg and in the hydrochlorothiazide group 18/15 mmHg. Only one patient who started on captopril had to have hydrochlorothiazide added. Four of those who started on hydrochlorothiazide had to have captopril added. The antihypertensive effects of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide appear to be additive. Among the side effects due to captopril, there were two patients with taste disturbances and another two with rashes. PMID- 7030978 TI - Comparative study of oxdralazine and dihydralazine in essential hypertension. AB - Thirty-one patients with moderate and severe essential hypertension completed a comparative study of oxdralazine and dihydralazine. Treatments were administered for a 6-month period. The therapeutic regimen also included diuretic and a beta blocking agent given at a constant daily dose. After a 4-week run-in period on diuretic plus beta blocker, which caused a mean blood pressure reduction of 17/7 mmHg, the administration of the vasodilators produced a further, more marked decrease of pressure values. After 1-month treatment mean blood pressure reductions were 26/18 mmHg on oxdralazine and 16/11 mmHg on dihydralazine. After 6 months, 10/15 patients on oxdralazine and 7/16 patients on dihydralazine had achieved a stabile diastolic pressure below 95 mmHg. These results were confirmed by an additional phase of the study, in which 21 patients had the vasodilator cross-over and were observed for a second 6-mont period. Oxdralazine and dihydralazine therapy were well tolerated: only a few patients complained of side effects that were of mild intensity and never required any change in treatment. At the first visit after the cross-over, those patients changing from oxdralazine to dihydralazine complained of side effects with a higher frequency than the patients changing from dihydralazine to oxdralazine. In one patient from the former group it was necessary to stop dihydralazine treatment. PMID- 7030979 TI - Propranolol treatment in chronic alcoholic outpatients. PMID- 7030980 TI - The group psychotherapy literature: 1980. PMID- 7030981 TI - An update of clinical, pathologic, and biochemical aspects of amyloidosis. PMID- 7030982 TI - Eosinophilic granulocytes and skin disorders. AB - The eosinophilic granulocytes remain intriguing cells. At the moment there are several skin disorders such as incontinentia pigmenti (Siemens-Bloch), pustulosis of the newborn, etc, in which the presence of eosinophils has not yet been studied. Basic aspects of the function of the eosinophils and their relationship with other inflammatory cells are being eliminated gradually. In the near future it will become clearer why, in certain circumstances, eosinophils are necessary or undesirable. These new data will be of great significance for clinical dermatology and skin pathology. In what circumstances do the eosinophils modulate inflammatory reactions and when do the cytotoxic capacities come to the fore? Other chemotactic factors will be detected, especially those related to the local inflammatory cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. With the aid of these findings it will be possible to understand better why eosinophilic granulocytes are present in different skin disorders. Finally, regulation and influence of their behavior may become a possibility. PMID- 7030984 TI - Bibliography of secondary sources on the history of dermatology. I. Journal articles in English supplemented through 1980. PMID- 7030983 TI - Bullous pemphigoid family of autoimmune diseases. PMID- 7030985 TI - Antinuclear antibodies in scleroderma. PMID- 7030986 TI - Viral hepatitis. PMID- 7030987 TI - Recent advances in psoroptic acariasis and demodectic mange of domestic animals and sarcoptic scabies of humans. PMID- 7030988 TI - A comparison of single and multiple applications of halcinonide cream. AB - A double-blind paired comparison was made of once daily and three times daily regimens of 0.1% halcinonide cream in 149 patients with atopic dermatitis and 194 with psoriasis. In a simultaneously conducted study once daily application of 0.1% halcinonide was compared to the cream base alone (placebo) in 48 patients with atopic dermatitis and 78 with psoriasis. Results show that a once daily regimen can be an effective treatment in both conditions, and can be recommended as a starting regimen in certain circumstances such as the treatment of young children or pregnant women, or where long-term treatment is likely. The three times daily regimen, however, was superior overall, and is still recommended as the treatment of choice, at least in severe psoriasis. PMID- 7030989 TI - Appetitive behavior after jejunoileal bypass. AB - There is now extensive evidence that jejunioleal bypass (JIB) surgery reduces food intake in obese patients, and that in most cases this is the primary cause of their postoperative weight loss. Associated with the reduced food consumption are other behavioral changes, including alterations in meal patterns, appetite ratings, taste responsiveness, and food-related attitudes. Experimental animal research indicates that JIB surgery also reduces food intake in obese rats and alters their feeding patterns. The hypophagia and weight loss produced by the surgery in rats is dependent upon both the degree and type of obesity. The exact mechanism(s) by which JIB surgery suppresses food intake remains to be determined, although recent animal research implicates both visceral malaise and overstimulation of the lower ileum as contributing factors. PMID- 7030990 TI - Cholecystokinin as satiety signal. AB - Already in 1910 Pavlov suggested that appetite was regulated by signals from the gut to hypothalamus. Since Gibbs et al. in 1973 demonstrated that cholecystokinin (CCK) - in contrast to other gut hormones - decreased food intake in rats, great interest has focused upon this substance. A major question now is the significance in man of large doses of CCK administered intraperitoneally in rats. We now know that CCK can act as a signal both via blood (as hormone) or via nerves ( as transmitter). We have recently shown that CCK in man and pig circulates in low concentrations (a few pmol) making blood-borne CCK an unlikely satiety signal. However, we have also shown that CCK nerves are abundant in the gut. This observation raises the possibility that afferent CCK nerves from the gut may transfer satiety signals to the hypothalamus. The recent demonstration that gastric vagotomy abolishes the satiety effect of CCK may support the idea that afferent vagal nerves containing CCK or the related peptide, gastrin, are crucial in appetite regulation. PMID- 7030991 TI - Renal damage after intestinal bypass. PMID- 7030992 TI - Bile acid metabolism after intestinal bypass operations. AB - Intestinal bypass operation for obesity results in substantial weight loss only if the small bowel segment left in function is 50 cm or less. The anatomical changes induce interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, which result in bile acid malabsorption. This review discusses the various aspects of the disturbed bile acid metabolism. A small number of controlled prospective studies have focused on the problems of the jejunoileal ratio (JIR) of the functioning segment in relation to the changes induced on the bile acid metabolism. 1:3 JIR results in a significantly: (1) lower bile acid pool size; (2) lower postprandial concentration of bile acid in the jejunum: (3) lower ratio of glycine to taurine conjugates; (4) higher cholesterol saturation index in bile, compared to 3:1 JIR. Thus, the studies mentioned have not only elucidated the changes in bile acid metabolism after jejunoileostomy, but also given support to a new hypothesis that a functioning upper jejunum is necessary for the bile acid synthesis as such. This hypothesis is further supported by the finding that 1:3 JIR at follow-up has a three fold higher rate of gallstones than 3:1 JIR (p less than 0.05). PMID- 7030993 TI - Amino acid absorption after intestinal bypass procedures. AB - A review of some investigations about amino acid absorption before and after intestinal bypass operations for obesity is presented. One common complication following the operation is hepatic damage. Several studies report a relationship between protein malnutrition and liver dysfunction. Hence, determination of amino acid (and peptide) absorption is of particular importance in order to improve our understanding of this complication. A constant finding in several investigations is the postoperative reduction in plasma concentrations and absorption of branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine). However, the absorption of dipeptides containing the branched chain amino acids does not seem to be affected to the same extent. The changes in the uptake of the branched chain amino acids before and after intestinal bypass operation are correlated with the plasma levels of two proteins with a known sensitivity to protein depletion (thyroxine-binding pre-albumin and retinol-binding protein). Plasma concentrations of some amino acids increases following the operation but there is no evidence so far that this could cause any damage to the liver. The significance of the impaired uptake of the branched chain amino acids is discussed. PMID- 7030994 TI - Obituary: Georg Lammler. PMID- 7030995 TI - Subtilisin: fast and slow proteolysis of peptide bonds of oxidized A chain of insulin. PMID- 7030996 TI - Thermal perturbation spectrophotometry of luliberin and model His-Trp peptides. AB - Thermal perturbation (TP) spectra of luliberin were measured at pH 5-8, and compared with the model chromophores N-Ac-Tyr-NH2, N-Ac-Trp-NH2, t-Boc-His-Trp NH2, H-His-Trp-OH, Ac-His-Trp-OH, tryptophan and cyclo-[His-Trp] (all L-isomers). Between pH 5 and neutrality, the major TP extremum of the Trp3 residue of luliberin increases by about 50%. A similar effect is seen for luliberin acetylated on Tyr5. The effect with luliberin is attributed to the protonation of the His2 residue. One proposed explanation is that the protonated imidazole orients water around the nearby indole in a different way than does unprotonated imidazole. The Tyr5 residue of luliberin behaves like N-Ac-Tyr-NH2, and is considered to be well exposed to solvent. The TP spectra of N-Ac-Trp-NH2, t-Boc His-Trp-NH2, Ac-His-Trp-OH, and cyclo-[His-Trp] are pH-independent from pH 5 to 8. The TP spectrum of H-His-Trp-NH2 has a bell-shaped pH dependence, rising from normal at pH 3.5 to above normal at pH 6, and returning to normal at pH 8. Luliberin and model peptides show that fluorescence and TP spectra of His-Trp sequences can respond differently to pH. PMID- 7030997 TI - Synthesis of substrates specific for human spleen fibrinolytic proteinase (SFP). PMID- 7030998 TI - Synthesis of thymosin beta 4. PMID- 7030999 TI - Short-term longitudinal effects of the transcendental meditation technique on EEG power and coherence. AB - EEG alpha coherence and slow alpha power were recorded from frontal and occipital derivations during relaxation or the Transcendental Meditation (TM) technique in fifteen subjects. Subjects were tested before and after a two-week baseline period in which half practiced twice daily relaxation and half did not change their schedule. All subjects were then instructed in the TM technique and retested after a two-week period of twice daily practice of the technique. During the first two-week period there were no group differences or group by session interactions, but there was a significant effect of repeated measurement, indicating a decrease in occipital power independent of group. After the two-week TM technique period, subjects showed a significant increase in frontal alpha coherence above a 0.95 threshold. Frontal alpha coherence was found to be a more sensitive discriminator of the TM technique than alpha power, which may clarify previously reported nonsignificant EEG differences between the TM technique and general relaxation. PMID- 7031000 TI - Frontal EEG coherence, H-reflex recovery, concept learning, and the TM-Sidhi program. AB - This study investigated the relationship between frontal bilateral EEG coherence, H-reflex recovery (an index of CNS flexibility), and solution of a concept learning problem on which the correct concept is reversed during the task. It also assessed the longitudinal effect of the TM-Sidhi program on concept learning among the same sample of college students. Frontal EEG coherence and H-reflex recovery were significantly correlated with flexible performance on the concept learning task following the reversal. Instruction in the TM-Sidhi program significantly improved efficiency of concept-learning performance before the concept was reversed, although not afterward. PMID- 7031001 TI - Addition to stannous fluoride to acid etchant in direct bonding procedure. PMID- 7031002 TI - Eye injuries in hockey. PMID- 7031003 TI - [Pro and con: etiology of arteriosclerosis. Essential significance of circulating blood, especially of thrombocytes and the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis systems]. PMID- 7031004 TI - [Pro and con: etiology of arteriosclerosis. Significance of vascular wall factors]. PMID- 7031005 TI - [Pro and con: non-invasive or invasive diagnosis in cardiology. Arguments for a non-invasive procedure]. PMID- 7031006 TI - [Pro and con: non-invasive or invasive diagnosis in cardiology. Arguments for an invasive procedure]. PMID- 7031007 TI - [Clinico-pathologic conference. Chronic diarrhea in a 43-year-old female]. PMID- 7031008 TI - [Criteria for the selection of antibiotics in the empirical therapy of gram negative infections]. PMID- 7031009 TI - Serum and tear antibodies to Chlamydia after reinfection with guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis agent. AB - Repeated inoculation of th eyes of guinea pigs with the naturally occurring Chlamydia psittaci agent, guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC), showed that animals gradually become susceptible to reinfection with the passage of time after primary infection. Higher levels of serum IgG antibody had a significant association with resistance to challenge inoculation only with a high dose (250 ELD50) but not with a low dose (25 ELD50) inoculum. With each inoculum, however, some animals with high serum antibody were susceptible. the presence of antibodies in tears did not correlate with resistance to the first low-dose challenge inoculation, but both tear IgG and secretory antibody did have a significant association with resistance on the second rechallenge with a high dose inoculum. Topical treatment of the eye with immune serum or tears during primary infection reduced the amount of agent in the conjunctiva only during the period of application. Local treatment of the eye with heat-killed vaccine prior to primary infection did not produce detectable antibody or protect animals against challenge inoculation; this local immunization did "prime" the animals, however, so that they had an accelerated antibody response after infection. Although there is abundant evidence that local immunity has an important role in resistance to challenge inoculation with GPIC, serum and tear antibody levels correlate equally well with resistance to repeated ocular challenge inoculation. Effective immunization procedures for this chlamydial infection then would involve stimulation of both local and systemic immune responses. PMID- 7031010 TI - Distribution of pemphigus and pemphigoid antigens, laminin, and type IV collagen in corneal epithelium. AB - Dog corneas were studied by indirect immunofluorescence with antibodies specific for pemphigus and pemphigoid antigens, laminin, and type IV collagen. The distribution of these antigens was similar to that observed in other squamous epithelia and skin. This study provides further evidence for close immunochemical similarities between these tissues. PMID- 7031011 TI - Biographical sketches no. 11 - Cushing. PMID- 7031012 TI - Precocious puberty. Three cases and a review of current treatment. PMID- 7031013 TI - Of Pickwick and Ondine. PMID- 7031014 TI - Conservative treatment for breast cancer of limited extent. Results of a randomized trial. AB - From 1973 to 1980, a controlled clinical trial was carried out at the National Cancer Institute of Milan to compare the Halsted mastectomy with breast quadrantectomy and axillary dissection followed by radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer of less than 2 cm in size. Cases of breast cancer classified as T1N0 were randomized into the two treatment procedures: 349 cases were treated with the Halsted mastectomy and 352 with the quadrantectomy technique. The two series were comparable with regard to age distribution, size, site of primary tumor, menopausal status and frequency of axillary metastases. Three local recurrences occurred in the Halsted group and one in the quadrantectomy group. Actuarial curves showed no difference in the two series with regard to disease free and overall survival. In view of these results, mastectomy appears to be an unnecessary mutilation for patients with breast carcinomas less than 2 cm in size and no palpable axillary nodes. PMID- 7031016 TI - A double-blind placebo-controlled prophylactic study of flunarizine (Sibelium) in migraine. PMID- 7031015 TI - Molecular basis of steroid hormone action in breast cancer and its clinical implications. AB - The measurement of steroid hormone receptors in tumors from patients with breast cancer is now well established. Data have accumulated that seem to indicate that breast cancer patients may be selected for endocrine or adjuvant therapy on the basis of the presence or absence of estrogen receptors. Furthermore, patients without detectable estrogen receptors seem to have a greater likelihood of early recurrence following mastectomy. We describe recent findings on the mechanism of action of both estrogens and antiestrogens at the normal target cell level. Evidence for a similar mechanism of action for estrogens and antiestrogens in the hormone-responsive mammary tumor cell is presented on the basis of studies in hormone-dependent, dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma in the rat, and the cell line MCF-7 derived from a human breast carcinoma. The interaction of estrogens and antiestrogens with their receptors in the cytoplasm and nucleus in solid human breast tumors is discussed and analyzed in terms of the potential clinical application to breast cancer management. PMID- 7031018 TI - Health physics in the People's Republic of China. Partial list of titles published in the People's Republic of China by members of the Chinese Radiation Protection Society. PMID- 7031017 TI - Invited paper delivered at the 25th Annual Meeting of the Health Physics Society. Protection programs of the Plutonium Project. PMID- 7031019 TI - Recent advances in paranasal sinus surgery. AB - Recent advances in paranasal sinus surgery have occurred in the treatment of trauma and neoplasia, rather than in the more traditional management of inflammatory disease. Cranialization of the frontal sinus in severe penetrating trauma was first described in 1978. By removal of the sinus posterior wall, excision of the mucosa, and preservation of the anterior wall fragments, the forehead contour can be preserved and the cavity ablated by the forward expansion of the frontal lobes. Craniofacial surgery for malignancies of the paranasal sinuses has vastly improved the survival rate for these patients. Simultaneous en bloc resection, done transcranially to establish the margins of resection of the superior-most extent and transfacially to ablate the site of origin of the neoplasm, has produced five-year survival rates of 50%. Involvement of even the cavernous sinus can be handled, providing initial control of the internal carotid artery is achieved and an adequate cerebral circulation is ensured. Decompression of the optic nerve following facial trauma that results in fractures of the orbital apex remains controversial. Documented cases of progressively failing vision in such patients provides the clearest indication. Surgical decompression through the transethmoidal sphenoidal route provides excellent access to remove the maximum amount of bone from the optic canal. PMID- 7031020 TI - Systematic follow-up of newborns with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. Results in 197 patients born 1971 to 1976. AB - 347 patients with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, born 1971 to 1976, were included into a prospective follow-up study. 71 patients (20%) died in the neonatal period, 197 out of 276 survivors (71%) had a complete follow-up for the first year of life, 112 survivors have so far been investigated up to the age of four years. According to neurological findings the patients were classified as normal, doubtful (age 6-12 months) or minimal brain dysfunction (4 years), mild cerebral paresis (CP), or severe cerebral damage, respectively. At the age of one year 3 patients (1.5%) had severe cerebral damage, 14 (7%) showed mild CP and another 56 (28%) had doubtful findings. Very low birth weight of very short period of gestation increased the risk for abnormal neurological findings only slightly. The need for mechanical ventilation, especially for more than 14 days, increases the risk for CP. Serious complications during the neonatal period, particularly implicating cerebral stress, significantly reduces medium-term prognosis. Perinatal asphyxia, neonatal acidosis, hypoxia or hypercapnia did not correlate with impaired cerebral prognosis. Preliminary findings at the age of four years demonstrate good correlation with neurological findings obtained at the age of 12 months. One patient initially classified as normal (2%) and 5 doubtful babies (15%) had developed mild CP. Another initially doubtful baby had severe cerebral damage at the age of four years. 62 out of 78 children tested (79%) showed normal intelligence, 14 (18%) had an IQ of 70--90, and 2 (3%) less than 70. PMID- 7031021 TI - [Interest in pediatrics in the value of trypsin by the radioimmunologic method]. AB - The clinical value of plasma trypsin determination by radioimmunoassay has been investigated in children. In newborns (1-7 days), plasma trypsin levels are significantly higher than in older children, whose values do not differ from the adults' age. Variation between 15 days and 18 years is negligible. In ten cases of mumps without pancreatic symptomatology, results are within the normal range, even when amylase levels are high. In cystic fibrosis plasma trypsin has been found undetectable or very low in 13, normal in 2 and high in 1 of 15 cases. Plasma trypsin levels have also been found undetectable in 18 of 29 diabetic children, some of whom had been diagnosed for less than a year. We conclude that plasma trypsin determination by radioimmunoassay is of interest in pancreatic function testing of children. PMID- 7031022 TI - Treatment of cystinosis with cysteamine. A pilot study determining dose and form of application. AB - A pilot study with cysteamine treatment was performed in three children with the nephropathic form of cystinosis. Two children underwent renal transplantation shortly before treatment. The aim of the study was to find a practicable form of application and a corresponding effective dose. Cysteamine in gelatine capsules together with 0.2% silicic acid as a dessicator turned out to be the most acceptable galenic form, compared to sirup or suppositories. Among three dosage regimens, the dosage of 50 mg/kg/day is effective as judged by the leucocyte cystine content, even if given in only three doses per day. No side effects of the cysteamine treatment (even at a dose of 90 mg/kg/day) were noted. Whether this treatment is preventing progression of disease will have to be examined either in transplanted patients by measuring non-renal parameters or in very young infants with cystinosis whose kidneys are not damaged yet. PMID- 7031023 TI - Biology of polyene antibiotics: a generation of research. PMID- 7031024 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of GABAergic neurones at the electron microscopical level. PMID- 7031025 TI - Recent developments in aldehyde-induced monoamine fluorescence: the aluminum formaldehyde (ALFA) method applied to immature and adult central nervous tissue. AB - In this review, the new aluminum-formaldehyde (ALFA) histofluorescence method for the highly sensitive visualization of monoamine-containing neurones in adult and immature central nervous tissue is summarized. Animals are first perfused with a buffer containing high concentrations of aluminum ions and the brains are then freeze-dried, reacted with formaldehyde vapour and further processed according to the Falck-Hillarp fluorescence method. The ALFA technique applied to adult brains visualizes all known catecholamine neurone systems with a sensitivity comparable to, and for certain noradrenergic systems higher than, that of the previously published glyoxylic acid-Vibratome method. The catecholamine systems in immature brains are demonstrated with a sensitivity clearly superior to that of any other available method. If the ALFA method is combined with systemic injections of alpha-methylnoradrenaline into young animals (less than one week old), there is a dramatic increase in the intensity and number of catecholaminergic fibres. Many catecholaminergic systems which have too low concentrations of transmitter to be visualized in the untreated animal even with the ALFA method, can be demonstrated after administration of alpha-methylnoradrenaline. The use of freeze-dried, paraffin-embedded tissue in the ALFA method makes possible convenient storage and parallel processing of many specimens. This mode of processing also allows en bloc reaction, which is the only way by which consistent and reproducible fluorescence yields can be obtained throughout large series of sections and parallel-processed specimens. In animals pretreated with L-tryptophan and monoamine oxidase-inhibitor, the technique is also useful for studies on central indolamine-containing systems. PMID- 7031027 TI - Neural crest cells and skeletogenesis in vertebrate embryos. PMID- 7031026 TI - Intracellular and extracellular control of the differentiation of cartilage and bone. AB - This paper provides an overview of one aspect of the differentiation of cartilage and bone, namely, the degree of control provided by the extracellular matrix and microenvironment. A brief review of the diagnostic features of cartilage and bone is followed by a discussion of stem cells, emphasizing how to identify them using cytochemical, ultrastructural or experimental procedures. The role of extracellular matrices in the initiation of differentiation is discussed with reference to the initiation of chondrogenesis in the vertebral skeleton of the embryonic chick and of osteogenesis in the mandibular skeletons of embryonic chick and mice. The role of extracellular matrices in the maintenance of the differentiated state is discussed with reference to the ability of chondrocytes to compensate for depletion of their extracellular matrices and to the maintenance of altered differentiated states in achondroplasia. Some emphasis is placed on the notion that skeletal cells can neither be considered nor studied in isolation. The epigenetic approach used in studies of growth and morphogenesis needs to be applied to studies on both the initiation and the maintenance of cytodifferentiation. PMID- 7031028 TI - HLA antigens and islet cell antibodies in gestational diabetes. AB - The HLA antigens of 136 patients with gestational diabetes are compared with control populations. No significant variations are observed in their frequencies, particularly for those antigens associated with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Islet cell antibodies have also been studied in the serum of 52 of these patients and 20 of them were positive, whereas only one of 37 pregnant nondiabetic women had such antibodies (chi 2 = 15.2). A very high association between ICA and DR3 and DR4 was encountered (chi 2 = 17, with two df); half of the patients positive for either one of these antigens were ICA positive. These results indicate that ICA associates equally with DR3 and DR4, against the hypothesis that this expression of autoimmunity is more a characteristic of DR3- than of DR4-associated genetic susceptibility. These patients will be followed to determine if the ICA+ individuals are at increased risk for the development of insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 7031029 TI - Leaders in contemporary science (Stanley Krippner). PMID- 7031030 TI - beta-methylnorleucine, an antimetabolite produced by Serratia marcescens. AB - An amino acid was formed by alpha-aminobutyrate-resistant mutants of Serratia marcescens grown in a medium containing norvaline. This amino acid was identified as erythro-beta-methyl-L-norleucine [(2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid] by instrumental analyses. beta-Methylnorleucine inhibited the growth of several bacteria in synthetic medium. PMID- 7031031 TI - Biosynthetic pathway of beta-methylnorleucine, an antimetabolite produced by Serratia marcescens. AB - beta-Methylnorleucine biosynthesis was examined in Serratia marcescens using regulatory mutants of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. The accumulation of beta-methylnorleucine from norvaline in the wild-type strain was inhibited by the simultaneous additions of isoleucine, valine and leucine, although its accumulation in the derepressed mutant of isoleucine, valine and leucine biosynthesis was markedly increased and was not inhibited by additions of these amino acid. Accumulation of this compound was not observed in an isoleucine valine auxotroph, although its accumulation was not affected in an isoleucine or leucine auxotroph. Transaminase B catalyzed the conversion of alpha-keto-beta methylcaproate to beta-methylnorleucine. These results suggest that beta methylnorleucine is formed from alpha-ketovalerate, alpha-ketoacid corresponding to norvaline, by enzymes of the isoleucine-valine biosynthetic pathway. PMID- 7031032 TI - Effect of combination of cefsulodin and beta-lactam antibiotics against Serratia marcescens. AB - The effect of cefsulodin in combination with various beta-lactam antibiotics was examined against Serratia marcescens. In vitro, the optimum ratio for all combinations tested was almost the same (cefsulodin - other antibiotic = 1:1 approximately 1:4). The combinations of cefsulodin-cefazolin and cefsulodin cefotiam were found to have a synergistic effect and other combinations, such as cefsulodin-cefmenoxime, -ampicillin and -sulbenicillin, an additive effect with the checkerboard dilution and the fixed combination methods. The synergistic effect of cefsulodin-cefotiam was more potent than that of cefsulodin-cefazolin and the effect of both combinations was clearer with heavy than with light inoculum size. With the killing kinetic method, all combinations tested showed a synergistic effect. In vivo, the optimum combination ratios of cefsulodin cefazolin and cefsulodin-cefotiam were 1:2 and 1:1, respectively, the protective effect of the latter combination being much stronger than that of the former. With the fixed combination method (cefsulodin - other antibiotic = 1:1 approximately 1:4), the effect of the combination of cefsulodin with all antibiotics except cefazolin and cefotiam was additive. PMID- 7031033 TI - Effect of nalidixic acid and novobiocin on pBR322 genetic expression in Escherichia coli minicells. AB - The effects of two deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) gyrase inhibitors, nalidixic acid and novobiocin, on the gene expression of plasmid pBR322 in Escherichia coli minicells were studied. Quantitative estimates of the synthesis of pBR322-coded polypeptides in novobiocin-treated minicells showed that the synthesis of a polypeptide of molecular weight of 34,000 (the tetracycline resistance protein) was reduced to 11 to 20% of control levels, whereas the amount of a polypeptide of 30,500 (the beta-lactamase precursor) was increased to as much as 200%. Nalidixic acid affected the synthesis of the tetracycline resistance protein similarly to novobiocin, although to a lesser extent. The effects of nalidixic acid were not observed in a nalidixic-resistant mutant; those induced by novobiocin were only partially suppressed in a novobiocin-resistant mutant. The synthesis of one of the inducible tetracycline-resistant proteins (34,000) coded by plasmid pSC101 was also reduced in nalidixic acid- and novobiocin-treated minicells. These results suggest that the gyrase inhibitors modified the interaction of ribonucleic acid polymerase with some promoters, either by decreasing the supercoiling density of plasmid DNA or by altering the association constant of the gyrase to specific DNA sites. PMID- 7031034 TI - Proton translocation coupled to trimethylamine N-oxide reduction in anaerobically grown Escherichia coli. AB - Proton translocation coupled to trimethylamine N-oxide reduction was studied in Escherichia coli grown anaerobically in the presence of trimethylamine N-oxide. Rapid acidification of the medium was observed when trimethylamine N-oxide was added to anaerobic cell suspensions of E. coli K-10. Acidification was sensitive to the proton conductor 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile (SF6847). No pH change was shown in a strain deficient in trimethylamine N-oxide reductase activity. The apparent H+/trimethylamine N-oxide ratio in cells oxidizing endogenous substrates was 3 to 4 g-ions of H+ translocated per mol of trimethylamine N-oxide added. The addition of trimethylamine N-oxide and formate to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-treated cell suspension caused fluorescence quenching of 3,3'-dipropylthiacarbocyanine [diS-C3-(5)], indicating the generation of membrane potential. These results indicate that the reduction of trimethylamine N-oxide in E. coli is catalyzed by an anaerobic electron transfer system, resulting in formation of a proton motive force. Trimethylamine N-oxide reductase activity and proton extrusion were also examined in chlorate-resistant mutants. Reduction of trimethylamine N-oxide occurred in chlC, chlG, and chlE mutants, whereas chlA, chlB, and chlD mutants, which are deficient in the molybdenum cofactor, could not reduce it. Protons were extruded in chlC and chlG mutants, but not in chlA, chlB, and chlD mutants. Trimethylamine N-oxide reductase activity in a chlD mutant was restored to the wild-type level by the addition of 100 microM molybdate to the growth medium, indicating that the same molybdenum cofactor as used by nitrate reductase is required for the trimethylamine N-oxide reductase system. PMID- 7031035 TI - Feedback inhibition of nitrogenase. AB - No inhibition of nitrogenase activity by physiological levels of NH4+ or carbamyl phosphate was observed in extracts of Azotobacter vinelandii. All of the 15N2 reduced by cultures which received no NH4+ was found in the cells. By contrast, more than 95% of the 15N2 reduced by cultures which had been given NH4+ was found in the medium. Failure to examine the culture medium would lead to the erroneous conclusion that N2 fixation is inhibited by NH4+. Nitrogenase in a derepressed mutant strain of A. vinelandii was fully active in vivo in the presence of NH4+. The addition of NH4Cl to N2-fixing cultures resulted in no decrease in the N2 reducing activity of intact cells of Klebsiella pneumoniae or Clostridium pasteurianum and only a small (15%) decrease in A. vinelandii. Therefore, no significant inhibition of nitrogenase by NH4+ or metabolites derived from NH4+ exists in A. vinelandii, K. pneumoniae, or C. pasteurianum. PMID- 7031036 TI - Sexual agglutination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Treatment of either mating type of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the appropriate sex pheromone increased cell-cell binding in a modified cocentrifugation assay. Constitutive agglutination of haploids was qualitatively similar to pheromone induced agglutination. Regardless of exposure to pheromone, agglutinable combinations of cells exhibited maximal binding across similar ranges of ionic strength, pH, and temperature. Binding of all combinations was inhibited by 8 M urea, 1 M pyridine, or 0.05% sodium dodecyl sulfate. From alpha-cells we solubilized and partially purified an inhibitor of a-cell agglutinability. This inhibitor reversibly masked all a-cell adhesion sites and inactivated pheromone treated and control cells with similar kinetics. The inhibitor behaved as a homogeneous species in heat inactivation experiments. Based on these results, we proposed a model for pheromone effects on agglutination in S. cerevisiae. PMID- 7031037 TI - Molecular organization of heat-labile enterotoxin genes originating in Escherichia coli of human origin and construction of heat-labile toxoid-producing strains. AB - Recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid technology was employed to construct heat labile enterotoxin (LT) toxoids. A recombinant plasmid carrying both an LT promoter region and LT subunit A (LTA) gene, lacking as much as 0.25 kilobases of the region up to the C terminus, produced a peptide possessing immunological properties of LTA but lacking the ability to construct LT activity (designated as LTA*). A cloned LT subunit B (LTB) gene produced LTB when a promoter on a vector was available for the gene. Escherichia coli producing LTA* and LTB (LT toxoids) could be useful as a vaccine. PMID- 7031038 TI - Valine-resistant Escherichia coli K-12 strains with mutations in the ilvB operon. AB - Escherichia coli K-12 mutants resistant to growth inhibition by valine were isolated. These strains contained mutations in the ilvB operon effecting either the regulation of acetohydroxy acid synthase I or the sensitivity of the enzyme to end product inhibition by valine. PMID- 7031039 TI - Mesoridazine -- a pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile. AB - Available data on the clinical effectiveness and side effects of mesoridazine are reviewed, and an attempt is made to relate clinical efficacy to phenothiazine pharmacokinetics. Both controlled and open-label clinical studies have attested to the efficacy of mesoridazine in schizophrenia, as well as certain other psychiatric disorders. Clinical observations of the effectiveness of mesoridazine in patients refractory to treatment with thioridazine and other neuroleptics may be related to its slow rate of inactivation and to the relatively large proportion of free mesoridazine that is available for penetration to the target sites in the brain. PMID- 7031040 TI - Occurrence of thiol proteinases in the eggs of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. AB - In the crude extract of matured eggs of the silkworm (Bombyx mori), proteolytic activity was detected only in the acidic pH region with maximal activity at pH 3.5, and this activity was maintained throughout the development. No appreciable activity was observed in the neutral to alkaline pH region either in matured eggs or in eggs at early embryonic stages. Two molecular forms of proteinases active at pH 3.5 were obtained from matured eggs, and their molecular weights were estimated to be over 16,000 and about 68,000 respectively. An additional form of 40,000 molecular weight appeared in eggs just before hatching. They were strongly inhibited by thiol proteinase inhibitors, such as p-chloromercuribenzoate (pCMB), p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate (pCMPS), and N-[N-(L-3-trans-carboxyoxirane-2 carbonyl)-L-leucyl]agmatine (E-64), whereas pepstatin, diisopropylphosphorofluoridate, and EDTA were without effect, suggesting that they are thiol enzymes. They hydrolyzed casein, bovine serum albumin, egg albumin, and gamma-globulin. They could not hydrolyze alpha-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine p-nitroanilide, alpha-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine beta-naphthylamide, and several other synthetic substrates. These thiol proteinases are different from animal tissue thiol proteinases hitherto known. PMID- 7031041 TI - Three-dimensional image analysis of the complex of thin filaments and myosin molecules from skeletal muscle. III. The multi-domain structure of actin-heavy meromyosin complex. AB - Heavy meromyosin (HMM) prepared by chymotryptic digestion retains DTNB light chain and subfragment-2 (S2) in addition to the two subfragment-1 (S1) moieties. The electron micrograph of negatively stained rigor complex of HMM and actin showed some different features as compared with that of S1 and actin. The three dimensional image reconstructed from the electron micrograph of actin-HMM gave additional domains other than those observed in actin-S1 (Wakabayashi and Toyoshima, 1981). The differences between the images of actin-HMM and actin-S1 were attributed to the differences in protein composition. Further, the structural characteristics of actin-HMM are discussed in comparison with those of the actin-S1. PMID- 7031042 TI - Involvement of host cell gene products in conversion of bacteriophage S13 single stranded DNa to duplex replicative form DNA in vitro. AB - The single-stranded circular DNA of bacteriophage S13 was converted to the duplex replicative form DNA by soluble extracts from Escherichia coli strain H560 (polA, endA) in vitro. The maximal conversion required four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, Mg2+, exogenous S13 DNA and ATP, but not CTP, UTP, or GTP. The conversion was blocked by N-ethylmaleinimide but not by rifampicin. The product was identified as a gapped duplex replicative form DNA. Using extracts from some thermosensitive mutants of E. coli defective in DNA replication, we found that dnaB and dnaC gene products are involved in the conversion stage of single stranded DNA to duplex DNA in vitro. PMID- 7031043 TI - Characterization of estrogen receptor, estrogen receptor binding factors and a protease in the nuclei of gilt uterus. PMID- 7031044 TI - Calcium-dependent neural proteases, widespread occurrence of a species of protease active at lower concentrations of calcium. AB - A species of neutral protease having high affinity for Ca2+ in the 10(-5) M range, originally found in canine cardiac muscle (Mellgren, R.L. (1980) FEBS Lett. 109, 129-133), is detected in a wide variety of rat tissues when a sensitive assay with 125I-iodinated casein as substrate is employed. This species of protease absolutely requires Ca2+, and other divalent cations are practically inactive. Although the activity of this enzyme apparently shows striking diversity among tissues tested, the enzymes obtained from various sources reveal similar physical and kinetic properties, and are capable of activating as Ca2+ activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by limited proteolysis. The enzyme has a pH optimum at 7.5 to 8.0 and a molecular weight of about 8.8 X 10(4). The enzyme in its purified form is very sensitive to leupeptin and other thiol-protease inhibitors, but that in crude preparations is far less susceptible to the same inhibitors. PMID- 7031045 TI - Microsomal reductase for aromatic aldehydes and ketones in guinea pig liver. Purification, characterization, and functional relationship to hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - An NADPH-specific aromatic aldehyde-ketone reductase located in guinea pig liver microsomes can be effectively solubilized with nonionic detergents, but not with bile salts and hydrolytic enzymes. Destruction of microsomal membranes by nonionic detergents or acetone treatment leads to significant activation of the reductase, indicating that the enzyme is partly latent in intact microsomes. After solubilization with Triton X-100, the reductase has been highly purified. The purified enzyme catalyzes the NADPH-linked reduction of xenobiotic aromatic aldehydes and ketones as well as 3-ketosteroids, notably 5 alpha- and 5 beta dihydrotestosterones. The reductase activities for xenobiotic carbonyl compounds and for 3-ketosteroids are each inhibited by addition of the other type of substrate and show the same pH optimum, cofactor requirement, and heat stability, indicating the same enzyme is responsible for the reduction of the two types of substrates. Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, purified from guinea pig liver microsomes, acts as a more effective NADPH generator for the reductase than yeast and guinea pig liver cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Evidence has been obtained that hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase undergoes a functional interaction with the reductase, facilitating the provision of NADPH to the reductase activity both in the reconstituted system and in microsomes. PMID- 7031046 TI - Selective photooxidation of histidine residues in polypeptide chain elongation factor Tu from E. coli. AB - When EF-Tu was photooxidized for 20 min at 0 degrees C in the presence of 10 microM GDP and 5 microM rose bengal, the activity to promote the binding of [14C]Phe-tRNA to ribosomes was rapidly lost, while the activity to bind [3H]GDP remained intact. The activity of EF-Tu to interact with Phe-tRNA and ribosomes, as assessed by protection of [14C]Phe-tRNA against RNase A digestion and by methanol-induced uncoupled GTPase activity, respectively, was also inactivated under the above conditions. It was found, however, that these activities were fully protected in the presence of aminoacyl-tRNA and GTP, indicating that the active site(s) of EF-Tu for interaction with aminoacyl-tRNA and ribosomes could be protected against photooxidation in the ternary aminoacyl-tRNA . EF-Tu . GTP complex. Comparison of the amino acid composition of EF-Tu photooxidized in the form of EF-Tu . GDP with that of the intact EF-Tu revealed that only 1.4 residues of histidine were damaged. On the other hand, no histidine residue was lost when EF-Tu was oxidized in the presence of both aminoacyl-tRNA and GTP. The photooxidized EF-Tu . GDP was then partially degraded with trypsin and each of the resulting tryptic fragments, D, B, and C (Arai, Nakamura, Arai, Kawakita, and Kaziro (1976) J. Biochem. 79, 69-83), was analyzed for histidine content. The results indicated that fragments B, C, and D had lost 0.7, 0.5, and 0.2 residues of histidine, respectively. Since fragment B contains the cysteine residue which is essential for interaction with aminoacyl-tRNA and ribosomes, the above results suggest that a histidine residue in fragment B may also play an essential role in the interaction with aminoacyl-tRNA and ribosomes. PMID- 7031047 TI - Comments on Bishop and Gray's criticism of the streaming driven by acto-heavy meromyosin. AB - The recent communication by Bishop and Gray (J. Biochem. 90, (1981)) on the streaming in the circular slit of stream cells is probably based on observations under conditions where no active streaming can be produced because of a substantial lack of F-actin. According to our experience, these conditions are similar to those obtained when actins are partly denaturated. Hence, for the sake of their criticism, detailed comparisons should be added of the stability of streaming, the distribution of streaming velocities as well as their sizes, acto HMM ATPase activities under various streaming velocities and the amount of proteins fixed to the Millipore filter. PMID- 7031048 TI - Preparation of a new fluorescent analog of ATP, 2'-(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1 sulfonyl)amino-2'-deoxy ATP, and its interactions with myosin and actomyosin. AB - A fluorescent ATP analog, 2'-(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)amino-2' deoxy ATP (DNS-ATP), was synthesized. In water, the wavelengths of maximum excitation were 260 and 340 nm, and that of maximum emission was 554 nm. The fluorescence quantum yield with excitation at 340 nm was 0.052. In 80% dioxane 20% water solution, the wavelength of the maximum emission shifted to 527 nm and the quantum yield was about 5.4 times in water. When DNS-ATP was mixed with HMM in the presence of Mg2+ ions, the fluorescence intensity of DNS-ATP was enhanced by about 30%, and the wavelength of maximum emission shifted to 545 nm. The observed second-order rate constant for the change in fluorescence intensity after adding DNS-ATP to HMM was 1.6 x 10(-7) M-1 . s-1, while the observed first order rate constant for its recovery was 0.17 s-1. When the HMM DNS-ATPase reaction was measured in terms of the TCA-Pi liberation, 1 mol of initial burst of Pi liberation per mol of myosin was observed. In 50 mM KCl and at 20 degrees C, the rate of the HMM DNS-ATPase reaction was increased by F-actin from 0.4 to 1.15 s-1 (in 3 mg/ml F-actin). The observed dissociation constant for the binding of DNS-ATP with HMM increased from 1.2 to 20 microM in the presence of 5 mg/ml F actin. However, the extent of change in fluorescence intensity at infinite concentration of DNS-ATP was unaffected by the presence of F-actin. PMID- 7031049 TI - Effect of ubiquinone extraction on ubiquinol-1 oxidase activity in beef heart mitochondria. AB - Extraction of endogenous ubiquinone with different methods does not influence ubiquinol oxidase activity in lyophilized mitochondria in terms of KM, although a decrease of Vmax is sometimes observed. Experiments with submitochondrial particles from a UQ-deficient mutant of S. cerevisiae confirm the results with UQ depleted mitochondria and support the idea that endogenous ubiquinone is not required for the oxidation of exogenous ubiquinols by complex III. PMID- 7031050 TI - Staphylococcus aureus protease. A probe of exposed, nonbasic histone sequences in nucleosomes. AB - The digestion of histones in chicken erythrocyte nucleosome cores and chromatin by Staphylococcus aureus protease was examined. This protease cleaves specifically at acidic residues and prefers Glu-X bonds under the conditions used. Only 1 of 24 glutamic acids and 2 of 13 aspartic acids among all four core histones are located in basic, NH2-terminal tails; hence, the protease is a highly specific probe of exposed nonbasic sequences. The protease readily degraded H1, H5, and H3, moderately degraded H2b, and only slightly degraded H2a and H4 in nucleosomes and nucleosome cores. Electrophoresis of core histone fragments from limited digests showed that most glutamic acids were inaccessible, but at least five sites in nonbasic sequences were readily cleaved. Tentative assignments of these fragments based on comparisons with products from limited digests of pure histones suggested that most accessible sites in nucleosome cores occur in H3. The most probable sites of H3 cutting are glutamic acids at positions 51, 60, 73, 94, and 97. At least one site in H2b, probably the equivalent of glutamic acid 105 in the calf H2b sequence, was accessible. No sites in H2a and H4 appeared highly accessible. H5 was readily cleaved at a site near the NH2 terminus. These data substantiate other evidence that nonbasic core histone sequences are located primarily in the nucleosome interior, but that H3 binds to the ends of core DNA and thereby is partly exposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the disk-shaped core. PMID- 7031051 TI - Assembly of the mitochondrial membrane system. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence and transcripts in the oxi1 region of yeast mitochondrial DNA. AB - The region of yeast mitochondrial DNA between 10.7 and 17.9 map units has been characterized by restriction analysis and DNA sequencing. The DNA sequence was obtained from the partially overlapping genomes of the two rho- mutants DS200/A1 and DS302. Two tRNA genes have been found in the sequence upstream of the oxi1 gene. The deduced secondary structures indicate that the genes code for the methionine (5'-CAU-3') and the asparagine (5'-GUU-3') tRNAs of yeast mitochondria. The region between 10.7 and 17.9 units contains two reading frames. One of these corresponds to the oxi1 gene previously shown to code for subunit 2 of cytochrome oxidase (Coruzzi, G., and Tzagoloff, A. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254,. 9324-9330; Fox, T. D. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 6534-6538). The second reading frame can potentially code for a basic protein with 386 amino acid residues. It is not known at present if this putative gene is translated in vivo. Northern blots of wild type mitochondrial RNA were hybridized to single-stranded probes from the oxi1 gene and flanking regions. The results of these analyses indicate that the primary transcript of the oxi1 region is a high molecular weight RNA (larger than 3 kilobase pairs) which is processed in discrete steps to a mature 850-nucleotide messenger. The 5' leader of the messenger has been established to be 54 nucleotides long and to have a sequence identical with that of the genomic DNA immediately upstream of the oxi1 gene. PMID- 7031052 TI - A sensitive immunoblotting method for measuring protein synthesis initiation factor levels in lysates of Escherichia coli. AB - Protein synthesis initiation factor levels are measured in crude cell lysates of Escherichia coli MRE600 by use of a sensitive immunoblotting method. The method involves electrophoretic transfer of protein from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels onto nitrocellulose paper and subsequent incubation with a specific antiserum and radioactive iodinated second antibody. The measurement of iodinated antibody attached to known amounts of initiation factor is determined by densitometric scanning of autoradiographs or counting radioactivity in excised protein bands. Linear standard curves over the range 1 to 300 ng of factor are obtained by these methods. Unknown amounts of initiation factor in crude cell lysates are measured accurately; values agree with previous radioimmune assay data. The immunoblotting method serves as an alternative to the radioimmune assay in measuring small quantities of protein in complex mixtures. Immunoblotting enjoys three major advantages: it is simple and rapid to execute; it is sensitive; and it is capable of distinguishing multiple forms of the antigen which separate in the gel system employed. PMID- 7031053 TI - Identification of fatty acid ethyl esters as products of rabbit myocardial ethanol metabolism. AB - To characterize metabolic factors potentially associated with alcohol-induced heart disease, myocardial ethanol intermediary metabolism was studied in isolated, perfused rabbit hearts and whole heart homogenates. Results showed that intact rabbit hearts and homogenates of rabbit left ventricle incorporate carbon 14-labeled ethanol at 20 and 59 nmol/g/h, respectively, into a neutral lipid species that co-migrates with triacylglycerides in standard chromatographic solvent systems. After isolation and purification by thin layer chromatography in an apolar solvent system, the labeled species were identified by gas chromatographic-mass spectral analysis to be a family of fatty acid ethyl esters. Heat inactivation of incorporation and the kinetics of formation of products suggest that the process is enzymatic. Gas chromatography identified the fatty acid components as predominantly unsaturated moieties, especially oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids. These results provide insight into potential biochemical mechanisms contributing to the triacylglyceride accumulation, decreased beta oxidation of fatty acids, and other lipid abnormalities typical of effects of ethanol on the heart. PMID- 7031055 TI - An assessment of the specificity of sterol uptake and esterification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - By growing a sterol-requiring strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the presence of pairs of sterols differing by a single structural change, the in vivo specificity of sterol uptake and esterification was measured. Uptake specificity was demonstrated for the delta 5-, delta 7-, and delta 22- bonds as well as the 24 beta-methyl. Sterol uptake was shown to depend on the metabolic state of the cell, and the apparent Km of uptake for ergosterol (11.1 microM) was lower than that of cholesterol (66.7 microM). This difference in apparent Km can explain the preferential utilization of ergosterol. The selectivity for esterification showed that sterols lacking the delta 7- or delta 22- bond or the 24 beta-methyl were preferentially esterified. However, sterols lacking the delta 5-bond were not preferentially esterified. This specificity of uptake and esterification did not change significantly with alterations in the fatty acid source. These results suggest that both uptake and esterification are used to control the types of sterols in the free sterol fraction, resulting in the enrichment of ergosterol like sterols in cellular membranes. An additional finding was that cells supplemented with sterols which have a delta 5,7-diene (7-dehydrocholesterol and ergosterol) had much reduced levels of steryl ester. This may be attributable to inhibition by a breakdown product(s) of these sterols. PMID- 7031054 TI - The eup genetic locus of Escherichia coli and its role in H+/solute symport. PMID- 7031056 TI - The gcr (glycolysis regulation) mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - gcr is a mutation considerably decreasing the assayed amounts of most glycolysis enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Clifton, D., Weinstock, S. B., and Fraenkel, D. G. (1978) Genetics 88, 1-11). We show here that although in the wild type strain the amounts of these enzymes do not greatly differ between cells from different media, in the gcr mutant strain most of the enzyme amounts are 5% or less, relative to wild type, from cells grown without sugars, but 20-50% from cells grown with sugars. Lower relative values were found for phosphoglycerate mutase and enolase. A corresponding alteration in the mutant in the intensities of several major protein bands could even be seen in stained gels after electrophoresis of crude extracts: the profiles were otherwise normal. Results of titration of phosphoglycerate kinase with antibody accorded with activity. Transfer of cells between the two types of media did not lead to a more rapid adjustment of enzyme amounts than expected from the steady state levels. gcr is not allelic to GPM (the gene for phosphoglycerate mutase) or to RNA1 (which affects transport of RNA from the nucleus). Translation of total RNA in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate gave a pattern of polypeptides similar to the in vivo one. Thus, gcr is likely to affect somehow mRNA synthesis or lifetime for a discrete number of proteins. PMID- 7031057 TI - L-Arabinose-binding protein-sugar complex at 2.4 A resolution. Stereochemistry and evidence for a structural change. AB - The L-arabinose molecule (in the C1 pyranose chair conformation) has been fitted to the electron density corresponding to the bound sugar in the 2.4 A resolution Fourier map of the L-arabinose-binding protein. The sugar molecule is buried in the cleft between the two lobes of the bilobate protein. All sugar hydroxyls are hydrogen-bonded to side chain residues: beta-OH(1) to Lys-10 and Asp-90, OH(2) to Lys-10, OH(3) to Asn-205 and Glu-14 (possibly via a water molecule), and OH(4) to Asn-232. Lys-10, Glu-14, and Asp-90 are associated with one domain while Asn-205 and Asn-232 are lodged in the other. Protein structural change accompanying binding is indicated by the inaccessibility of the bound L-arabinose to the aqueous environment. PMID- 7031058 TI - The radius of gyration of L-arabinose-binding protein decreases upon binding of ligand. AB - The technique of small angle x-ray scattering has been employed to study the effect of sugars on the radius of gyration of the L-arabinose-binding protein, a component of the high affinity L-arabinose transport system in Escherichia coli. We find that the binding of L-arabinose to the "sugar-free" protein in solution causes a 0.94 +/- 0.33 A decrease in the radius of gyration while D-glucose, a nonbinder, produces no such effect. The radius of gyration calculated from the complete atomic co-ordinates of the crystal structure of L-arabinose-binding protein (solved with bound L-arabinose) corresponds to the experimentally determined value for the radius of gyration in the presence of L-arabinose. This reduction in radius of gyration can be best accounted for in terms of a substrate induced cleft closure in which one lobe rotates relative to the other lobe. A compute modeling study indicates that a rotation of 18 degrees about a hinge deep in the base of the sugar-binding cleft between the two domains would produce the observed decrease in the radius of gyration. The findings (Newcomer, M. E., Gilliland, G. L., and Quiocho, F. A. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 13213-13222) that the L-arabinose molecule embedded in the cleft between two domains is completely inaccessible to the solvent is consistent with a closing of the cleft between the two lobes. PMID- 7031059 TI - Insulin receptors convert to a higher affinity state subsequent to hormone binding. A two-state model for the insulin receptor. AB - Kinetic experiments were performed to determine the effects of insulin receptor occupancy on insulin binding. The following results were obtained: (a) the rate constant (k1) for uptake of 125I-insulin by liver plasma membranes was 2 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 and invariant at applied hormone concentrations of 7.5 to 100 X 10(-11) M. 125I-Insulin dissociated from membranes in a biphasic manner with rapid (k-1 = 2-4 X 10(-3) s-1) and slow (k-1 = 2-3 X 10(-4) s-1) components of release when dissociation was initiated by dilution into excess medium. Under all dissociation conditions employed, 125I-insulin was the radioactive species bound to and released from membranes. (b) Native insulin (100 nM) or 131I-insulin (5 nM) in the dissociation medium enhanced the dilution-induced dissociation of bound 125I insulin. In the latter experiment, total receptor occupancy (bound 125I-insulin and 131I-insulin) decreased during dissociation. The enhanced dissociation effect was therefore not necessarily due to increased site occupancy. (c) As association time prior to dissociation was increased, the dissociability of bound 125I insulin diminished. Decreased dissociability resulted from an increase in the slow component of hormone release at the expense of the rapid component. 131I insulin was bound to membranes to which 125I-insulin had been prebound. The dissociation of 131I-insulin had been prebound. The dissociation of 131I-insulin was unaffected by the presence of 125I-insulin dissociating at either rapid or slow rates. The data suggest that there are no cooperative interactions between binding sites and that the hormone-receptor complex converts to a higher affinity state subsequent to occupancy since KD = k-1/k1 and K-1 decreased. A two-state model for the hepatic insulin receptor is proposed. PMID- 7031060 TI - Isolation of a guinea pig macrophage glycolipid with the properties of the putative migration inhibitory factor receptor. AB - We have previously established that preincubation of guinea pig macrophages with crude preparations of macrophage glycolipids enhances their response to a mediator of cellular immunity, migration inhibitory factor. This biologically active moiety found in the extracted material was attributed to a single glycolipid component. This component was purified to homogeneity by phase partition, ion exchange, adsorption, and thin layer chromatography. It migrates in the ganglioside region on thin layer plates, contains sialic acid and sphingosine. There is no apparent identity with any of the common gangliosides possessing the gangliotetraose structure. Homogeneity was demonstrated by rechromatography in four additional solvent systems. These results are discussed in the context of their implications for a deeper understanding of the putative receptor function of this glycolipid. PMID- 7031061 TI - Genetic regulation of thermostability of mouse submaxillary gland renin. AB - Renin activity in the mouse submaxillary gland is under complex hormonal and genetic control. Basal and induced renin levels are regulated by Rnr, a gene located on Chromosome 1. Mice homozygous for Rnrs or Rnrb alleles have high or low levels of submaxillary gland renin, respectively. We have utilized inbred strain-specific differences in renin stability at 60 degrees C to determine the relationship between Rnr and the renin structural gene. Renin from 13 strains carrying the Rnrb allele is more stable (mean t1/2 = 13.6 +/- S.E. 0.9 min) than that from 24 strains carrying the Rnrs allele (mean t1/2 = 2.1 +/- 24 strains carrying the Rnrs allele (mean t1/2 = 2.1 +/- S.E. 0.04 min). Thermostability was not affected by purification or dilution of the enzyme, or by mixing labile and stable renin prior to heating. Fifty-five informative recombinant inbred mouse strains were also examined, and inactivation of renin at 60 degrees C in each instance resembled one or the other progenitor strain. Furthermore, when the Rnrs alleles is transferred to the genetic background of an Rnrb type strain, renin activity from the congenic inbred strain is both high and thermolabile. Thus, there is complete concordance between thermolability and Rnrs. Alloantibody elicited by submaxillary gland renin from an Rnrs/Rnrs strain blocks the activity of Rnrs but not Rnrb type renin. These results indicate close linkage or identity between a gene that regulates renin activity in the mouse submaxillary gland and a gene that influences the structure of the renin molecule. Such a relationship is compatible with several models for the genetic control of renin activity in this tissue. PMID- 7031062 TI - Role of superhelicity in homologous pairing of DNA molecules promoted by Escherichia coli recA protein. AB - In the presence of ATP and an excess of recA protein, superhelical closed circular DNA (form I DNA) and homologous single-stranded fragments paired to form D-loops in the early stage of incubation and dissociated during subsequent incubation. RecA protein that was not bound to single-stranded DNA ("free recA protein") was shown to be responsible for the dissociation of D-loops. Larger amount of free recA protein gave a lower final yield of D-loops. When the concentration of form I DNA was increased in the presence of a fixed amount of single-stranded DNA, larger amounts of free recA protein were required to produce a certain extent of dissociation. When form I DNA, excess recA protein, and ATP were incubated without single-stranded DNA, or with heterologous single-stranded fragments before the addition of homologous single-stranded fragments, formation and subsequent dissociation of D-loops were observed as in the case when all components of the reaction were added from the start. Therefore, the dissociation of D-loops is a result of the stoichiometric interaction between free recA protein and form I DNA bearing D-loops. In the process of formation and dissociation of D-loops, form I DNA was converted to an inactive substrate without any apparent damage to the DNA. The concentration of free recA protein appeared to decrease during the reaction. These observations revealed that formation and dissociation of D-loops are sequential reactions when form I DNA is the substrate and recA protein is present in excess. The dissociation of D-loops and the inactivation of form I DNA can be explained by a model in which recA protein cooperatively binds to form I DNA from the site of D-loop, resulting in stimulation of unidirectional unwinding of the double helix. PMID- 7031063 TI - Conformational and molecular weight studies of tetanus toxin and its major peptides. AB - Two forms of tetanus toxin have been purified from Clostridium tetani cultures. These forms, obtained from filtrate and cellular extracts, were characterized by analytical ultracentrifugation using both conventional and meniscus-depletion sedimentation equilibrium. The molecular weight of filtrate toxin was found to be 128,000 +/- 3,000, while the extract toxin, which tended to self-associate, appeared somewhat larger, 140,000 +/- 5,000. The heavy and light chains were prepared from filtrate toxin, and their molecular weights were estimated to be 87,000 and 48,000, respectively, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The circular dichroic spectra of the extract and filtrate toxins are quite similar between 200-300 nm indicating that no major conformational difference exists between the two. The toxins contain both alpha helicity and beta-structure. Interestingly, the isolated chains contain appreciable helicity (e.g., the sum of the chain helicities is over 80% of that found in filtrate toxin), but they appear to have relatively low contents of beta structure. The sum of the spectra of the chains in both the near- and far ultraviolet does not yield that found for filtrate toxin, although the similarity is far more striking than the difference. The prominent 293.5 nm negative circular dichroic band of tetanus toxin can be assigned to tryptophanyl residues almost exclusively in the heavy chain. The similarity in the magnitude of this band in the separated chain and toxin suggests that the microenvironments of the contributing tryptophans change very little when toxin is dissociated into its constituent chains. PMID- 7031064 TI - A unique class of compound, guanosine-nucleoside tetraphosphate G(5')pppp(5')N, synthesized during the in vitro transcription of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of Bombyx mori. Structural determination and mechanism of formation. AB - Two structurally different classes of oligonucleotides accumulate in vitro in cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) transcription mixtures in molar excess as compared to the completed RNA products. The first class consists of oligonucleotides which correspond to the 5'-terminal sequence of the virus mRNAs (referred to as initiator oligonucleotides). The major species of initiator oligonucleotides are (p)ppApG and (p)ppApGpN together with smaller amounts of homologous capped structures (Furuichi, Y. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 483-493). In addition to initiator oligonucleotides, CPV transcription mixtures yielded a second new class of compounds which were radiolabeled by [alpha-32P]GTP and resistant to phosphatase digestion. Their structures were identified as G(5')pppp(5')A, G(5')pppp(5')C, G(5')pppp(5')G, and G(5')pppp(5')U. With the exception of G(5')pppp(5')G, these compounds have not been observed previously. The mechanism of synthesis of these unique compounds was elucidated as pppG + pppN leads to GppppN + PPi. The reaction resembles, in principle, a guanylylation reaction which occurs during cap formation in CPV and other eukaryotic mRNA syntheses. It is likely that these compounds are formed in a similar way by a condensation reaction involving a viral guanylyltransferase-pG intermediate complex and ribonucleoside triphosphate. When the amounts of G(5')pppp(5')N were measured, it was found that G(5')pppp(5')N reached maximum concentrations (0.4 to 0.7 microM) shortly after the onset of RNA synthesis (1 h) and these levels were maintained or diminished gradually. By contrast, mRNA and (p)ppApG were continuously synthesized. The relative molar ratios of total G(5')pppp(5')N and (p)ppApG versus mRNA were comparable (74:24:1 and 30:27:1 during 1 to 4 h transcription, respectively). The results imply that these unusual compounds G(5')pppp(5')N as well as initiator oligonucleotides may be produced reiteratively during initiation when RNA chain elongation and capping are uncoupled. PMID- 7031065 TI - Mechanism of export of outer membrane lipoproteins through the cytoplasmic membrane in Escherichia coli. Binding of lipoprotein precursors to the peptidoglycan layer. AB - Upon treatment of Escherichia coli cells with globomycin, precursors of Braun's lipoprotein, a peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) and several new species of lipoproteins accumulated in the cell envelope (Hussain, M. Ichihara, S., and Mizushima, S. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 3707-3012; and Ichihara, S., Hussain, M., and Mizushima, S. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 3125-3129). The precursors of the Braun's lipoprotein and PAL thus accumulated were able to interact with the peptidoglycan layer. A considerable fraction of the precursor of Braun's lipoprotein was covalently bound to the peptidoglycan layer through its COOH terminal lysine residue in the same manner as in the mature form. The manner of interaction of the precursor of PAL with the peptidoglycan layer was also the same as that of its mature form in which the central to COOH-terminal region of the lipoprotein is important for the interaction. Both precursors were localized in the cytoplasmic membrane when the outer and cytoplasmic membranes were separated after digestion by lysozyme of the peptidoglycan layer. When the cell envelope fraction was incubated, these precursors were chased to the corresponding mature forms. These results indicate that these proteins can be exported through the cytoplasmic membrane while they still retain the signal peptide that is most probably held in the cytoplasmic membrane. PMID- 7031066 TI - Cerebroside sulfotransferase: preparation of antibody and localization of antigen in kidney. AB - This immunohistochemical study describes the localization of the enzyme cerebroside sulfotransferase (phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate: galactosylceramide sulfotransferase, EC 2.8.2.11) in rat kidney. The enzyme was purified from kidney and the preparation was used to raise antibodies for immunocytochemical investigations. In the kidney, the antigen was present only on the brush border of the epithelial cells of the proximal tubules, suggesting that sulfation of glycolipids occurs in the cytoplasm and plasma membranes of these specific cells. Moreover, biochemical and immunocytochemical studies of cerebroside sulfotransferase during development indicate that catalytic activity is correlated with the appearance of enzyme protein. PMID- 7031067 TI - Freeze-fracture cytochemistry: localization of wheat-germ agglutinin and concanavalin A binding sites on freeze-fractured pancreatic cells. AB - The combined application of thin-section and critical-point-drying "fracture label" is used to determine the pattern of distribution and partition of wheat germ agglutinin and concanavalin A binding sites on the membrane faces of freeze fractured exocrine and endocrine rat pancreatic cells. Whereas the exoplasmic face of plasma membrane is preferentially labeled by both lectins, the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope are strongly and uniformly labeled by concanavalin A but not by wheat-germ agglutinin. The results support current views in the glycosylation of membrane proteins and do not support the backflow of sialidated glycoproteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7031068 TI - Biosynthetic pathways of two polypeptide subunits of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex. AB - We have used an in vitro reconstitution system, consisting of cell-free translation products and intact chloroplasts, to investigate the pathway from synthesis to assembly of two polypeptide subunits of the light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex. These polypeptides, designated 15 and 16, are integral components of the thylakoid membranes, but they are products of cytoplasmic protein synthesis. Double immunodiffusion experiments reveal that the two polypeptides share common antigenic determinants and therefore are structurally related. Nevertheless, they are synthesized in vitro from distinct mRNAs to yield separate precursors, p15 and p16, each of which is 4,000 to 5,000 daltons larger than its mature form. In contrast to the hydrophobic mature polypeptides, the precursors are soluble in aqueous solutions. Along with other cytoplasmically synthesized precursors, p15 and p16 are imported into purified intact chloroplasts by a post-translational mechanism. The imported precursors are processed to the mature membrane polypeptides which are recovered exclusively in the thylakoids. The newly imported polypeptides are assembled correctly in the thylakoid lipid bilayer and they bind chlorophylls. Thus, these soluble membrane polypeptide precursors must move from the cytoplasm through the two chloroplast envelope membranes, the stroma, and finally insert into the thylakoid membranes, where they assemble with chlorophyll to form the light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complex. PMID- 7031070 TI - The movement of cell clusters in vitro: morphology and directionality. AB - The movement of cells in small groups, or clusters, was studied in vitro using epithelioid cells from Gordon-Kosswig melanomas (from poecelid fish) and time lapse cinemicrography. Tumour explants cultured on glass yield cell sheets from which groups of cells separate and become independently motile clusters. These clusters typically contain 3-30 cells, but may have as many as 50. They propel themselves at speeds of 0.2-4.0 micrometer/min by means of broad hyaline lamellae. The distribution of lamellae around the perimeter of each cluster correlates with both direction and speed of cluster movement, i.e. a cluster moves with its most lamellar region at its leading edge, and the greater the extent of the leading lamellar region the greater the speed. Also, a cluster tends to keep moving in the same direction. This persistence is due to a relatively constant distribution of lamellae. Cells on the trailing edge usually lack lamellae and most are very elongate and oriented perpendicular to the direction of cluster movement. In general, whenever a cell elongates, there is a loss of lamellar activity along its taut edges, parallel to the axis of elongation. Thus, any region with less lamellar activity would tend to be elongated by the outward pull of the more active regions to either side and would, in consequence, suffer a further reduction in lamellar activity. In this way, the distribution of regions of lamellar activity is self-reinforcing and the result is persistence of movement in a particular direction. This phenomenon could play an important role in giving directionality to certain morphogenetic movements, such as neural crest cell migration. PMID- 7031069 TI - 5-hydroxytryptamine-stimulated mitochondrial movement and microvillar growth in the lower malpighian tubule of the insect, Rhodnius prolixus. AB - Rapid initiation of ion transport occurs in the lower Malpighian tubule of the insect Rhodnius prolixus following feeding in vivo or stimulation with 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in vitro. Using the electron microscope, we have conducted a morphometric analysis of cells in the lowest one-third of the lower tubule, demonstrating that 5-HT also induces mitochondrial movement and microvillar growth simultaneously with, but independent of, the onset of ion transport. Mitochondria move from a position below the cell cortex to one inside the microvilli within 10 min of stimulation with 5-HT, resulting in an 8- to 10 fold increase in the volume of mitochondria within the microvilli. Previous findings indicated that mitochondrial movement is dependent on actin-containing microfilaments, but not microtubules. As the mitochondria enter the microvillus, the core microfilaments are reorganized into a sheath of microfilaments, which extends closely parallel to the outer mitochondrial membrane down into the cell interior. This sheath of microfilaments is also observed around mitochondria in the axopods. We suggest that the core microfilaments are responsible for mitochondrial movement into the microvilli and axopods. Stimulation with 5-HT induces a shift in mitochondrial configuration from orthodox to condensed, indicating a possible increase in oxidative phosphorylation. Following stimulation, the microvilli grow about 3 X in volume and 2.5 X in surface area. These increases are more than can be accounted for by mitochondrial invasion and must involve the addition of new membrane and microfilament polymerization. The observed changes - microvillar growth, insertion of additional membrane, activation and movement of mitochondria adjacent to the ion transport membrane - are described in the light of their significance in ion transport. A simple model is proposed which unifies the observed ultrastructural changes and known ion movements in the lower tubule. PMID- 7031071 TI - Binding of parbendazole to tubulin and its influence on microtubules in tissue culture cells as revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy. AB - We have shown that the benzimidazole carbamate, parbendazole, is a potent inhibitor of microtubule assembly in vitro and in vivo. Radiolabelled parbendazole was shown to bind to purified tubulin. Immunofluorescence studies using antitubulin antibody showed that parbendazole effectively depolymerizes cytoplasmic microtubules in animal cells leaving only one or two microtubules associated with one centriole. The usefulness of parbendazole and other benzimidazole carbamates as inhibitors of microtubule functions is discussed. PMID- 7031073 TI - The centriolar complex isolated from starfish spermatozoa. AB - Centrioles from spermatozoa of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera, were isolated and partially purified by solubilization of chromatin followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The ultrastructure of the isolated centriolar complex was investigated in whole mount preparations by electron microscopy. The complex unit was composed of a pair of centrioles and a pericentriolar structure, which associated with the distal end of the distal centriole by 9 spoke-like satellites extending radially to a marginal ring. Each satellite bifurcated at a dense node forming 2 fan-like shapes with a periodic striated pattern. The tubular structure of the centrioles easily disintegrated, leaving the pericentriolar structure or axonemal microtubules intact. The distal centriole in a spermatozoon served as an initiating site for flagellar microtubule assembly; that is, a number of "9 + 2' axonemal tubules were observed adhering just beneath the distal end of the basal body. In experiments in vitro, polymerization of microtubule proteins purified from porcine brain was initiated by the structure at the ends of both proximal and distal centrioles, but not from the satellites or the marginal ring. Also, few if any microtubules were formed from the sides of each centriole, even in the presence of a high concentration of exogenous tubulin. On the other hand, centrioles of spermatozoa, when they were in mature ooplasm, could initiate the formation of sperm asters by microtubules. Therefore, centrioles in spermatozoa seem to be able to initiate microtubules in a 2 ways. A possible explanation of the difference between the 2 types of microtubule organization in vivo, i.e. in the sperm cell itself and in the ooplasm, it discussed. PMID- 7031072 TI - Circus movements in dissociated cells in normal and hybrid frog embryos. AB - Circus movements, involving circumferential rotation of a hyaline cytoplasmic blister and endoplasmic flow, occur in EDTA-dissociated gastrula stage Rana pipiens embryos. Such cell movements occur in very few cells taken from pre gastrula stage embryos. During gastrulation, there is a progressive increase in the proportion of a population of cells that is engaged in circus movements. Circus movements do not occur in dividing cells. Individual cells in culture, as well as small clusters of cells in vitro, are jostled about in an apparently aimless fashion over short distances by circus movements, although the translocation of masses of cells over long distances is substantially greater than the translocation of isolated cells. In an early gastrula stage normal embryo, cells from around the site of blastopore invagination are most active in circus movements. Cells taken from different stages of arrested hybrid embryos show variable depression in the formation of rotating hyaline blebs. Aggregates of cells from arrested hybrid embryos are also relatively immobile in culture. The morphogenetic significance of circus movements in normal embryos and gastrula arrest hybrid embryos is discussed. PMID- 7031074 TI - The application of therapeutic-trial principles to improve the design of epidemiologic research: a case-control study suggesting that anticoagulants reduce mortality in patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 7031075 TI - Detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli colonization factor antigen I in stool specimens by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect and quantitate the fimbrial colonization factor antigen (CFA/I) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in stool specimens obtained from adult cases of diarrhea in which CFA/I-positive E. coli was the known causative agent. The inhibition method, or blocking technique, was used. In this method, a standardized dilution of human anti-CFA/I serum was preincubated with dilutions of stool extract before transfer to CFA/I-coated microtiter plate wells, and then ELISA was performed with alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-human immunoglobulin. CFA/I purified from E. coli strain H-10407 (O78:H11) was used. Acute-phase diarrheal stool specimens were found to contain approximately 3.0 mg of antigen (mean value) per g stool, whereas control (CFA/I-negative) specimens contained insignificant amounts (less than 0.03 mg/g) of antigen. Also, CFA/I was detected in culture fluids of CFA/I positive enterotoxigenic E. coli belonging to a variety of serotypes and was undetectable in similar preparations from P-strains (spontaneous CFA/I-negative derivatives) of the same test cultures. Equivalent results were obtained in ELISA tests by using bacterial cells taken from isolated colonies grown on CFA agar. These results indicate that the ELISA technique will be useful for the diagnosis of diarrhea caused by CFA/I-positive enterotoxigenic E. coli. PMID- 7031076 TI - Slide method for detection of antibody-coated bacteria in urine sediments. AB - An immunofluorescent slide method incorporating 0.1% (wt/vol) Evans blue as a counterstain was developed and compared with a recently described tube method. Seventy-one urine specimens were tested concurrently by both methods. Results of the two methods agreed in 70 specimens and disagreed in only 1. We found the slide method to be less costly and time consuming than the tube method. PMID- 7031077 TI - Value of passive immune hemolysis for detection of heat-labile enterotoxin produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. AB - The method of passive immune hemolysis of Evans and Evans (Infect. Immun. 16:604 609, 1977) for detection of heat-labile enterotoxin produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was modified. A total of 373 strains of E. coli were tested by this method using materials obtained by treating the cells with polymyxin B and rabbit antiserum against cholera enterotoxin, purified by affinity gel column coupled with purified cholera enterotoxin, in N-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2 ethanesulfonic acid buffer (pH 6.7). The results correlated very well with those obtained in an assay with Chinese hamster ovary cells. It is concluded that passive immune hemolysis is useful as a routine clinical method for identifying E. coli strains that produce heat-labile enterotoxin. PMID- 7031078 TI - Comparison of media and culture techniques for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in respiratory secretions. AB - We compared the relative efficacy of three methods for the isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae in lower respiratory secretions. Based on results from 294 clinical specimens, we found that S. pneumoniae was isolated at a frequency of 65% with 5% sheep blood agar or 5% sheep blood agar containing 5 micrograms of gentamicin per ml, both incubated in 5% CO2. Anaerobic incubation of 5% sheep blood agar enhanced the recovery rate of S. pneumoniae to 93%. The improved efficacy with anaerobic incubation is due to the greater ease of recognition of the larger and more mucoid colonies of S. pneumoniae, and to the suppression of the growth of other oral bacteria present in the respiratory sections. PMID- 7031079 TI - Rapid detection of Clostridium difficile toxin in human feces. AB - Fifty fecal specimens were tested by three methods, bacterial isolation, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, and tissue culture, for Clostridium difficile and its toxin. Ten specimens (20%) were positive by all three methods. An additional eight specimens were toxin positive only by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Although counterimmunoelectrophoresis and tissue culture are of equivalent sensitivity, the additional dilution necessary for tissue culture assay may be critical when only small concentrations of toxin are present. PMID- 7031080 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. AB - A new principle that uses anti-immunoglobulin M-coated polystyrene microtiter plates for the detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed. PMID- 7031081 TI - Single radial immune hemolysis test for detection of Escherichia coli thermolabile enterotoxin. AB - A single radial immune hemolysis test for the detection of thermolabile enterotoxin has been developed for routine purposes. Stationary cultures from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Casamino Acids-yeast extract medium may be used for the detection of this enterotoxin, and under the conditions of the experiment, the single radial immune hemolysis test was as sensitive as the passive immune hemolysis test. The results obtained in the single radial immune hemolysis test agreed entirely with those obtained in the passive immune hemolysis test, and no false-positive reactions were obtained when cholera antitoxin diluted 1:80 was used. The assay is easy to perform, inexpensive, and specially designed for less-equipped laboratories. PMID- 7031082 TI - Immunoglobulin M-immunosorbent agglutination assay for diagnosis of infectious diseases: diagnosis of acute congenital and acquired Toxoplasma infections. AB - An immunoglobulin M (IgM)-immunosorbent agglutination assay (IgM-IS-AGA) was negative in all sera from individuals negative in the Sabin-Feldman dye test, in sera from individuals with chronic Toxoplasma infection, and in cord blood samples from uninfected infants. In contrast, all sera that were obtained from individuals with a recent history of acute Toxoplasma infection and from infants with congenital Toxoplasma infection and that were positive in both the dye test and the IgM-indirect fluorescent-antibody (IgM-IFA) test were positive in IgM ISAGA. A total of 21 (67.7%) of 31 sera that were negative in the IgM-IFA test, despite being obtained from individuals with recently acquired Toxoplasma infection, and 8 (72.7%) of 11 sera that were negative in the IgM-IFA test and obtained from infants with congenital Toxoplasma infection were positive in IgM ISAGA. The presence of rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, or both did not cause false-positive results in the IgM-ISAGA but did so in the IgM-IFA test. Thus, IgM-ISAGA in both more sensitive and more specific than the IgM-IFA test for detection of IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and, therefore, for the diagnosis of acute congenital and acquired Toxoplasma infections. PMID- 7031083 TI - Production of antiserum to respiratory syncytial virus polypeptides: application in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - By use of crossed immunoelectrophoresis techniques, respiratory syncytial (RS) virus-specific precipitates were produced between RS virus cellular antigen [solubilized in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-glycine buffer, pH 9] and antiserum raised in rabbits against semipurified RS virus. When these precipitates were employed as antigens for further immunizations in rabbits, antibodies (anti-RSV-precip.I) were produced which reacted with only one RS virus antigen when tested by the crossed immunoelectrophoresis technique. Precipitates obtained between RS virus cellular antigen (labeled with L-[35S]methionine) and anti-RSV-precip.I were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which showed that anti-RSV-precip.I precipitated RS virus polypeptides of molecular weights 28,000 to 84,000. Anti-RSV-precip.I was employed as capture antibodies in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in which RS virus cellular antigen was used as the second layer. Determination of human RS virus immunoglobulin G antibodies by this enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique showed a high degree of sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. PMID- 7031084 TI - Preparation of polyvalent viral immunofluorescent intracellular antigens and use in human serosurveys. AB - A method is described for preparation of polyvalent antigens for use in rapid screening for immunofluorescent antibodies to Lassa, Marburg, and Ebola viruses. The technique uses mixtures of specifically infected Vero cells placed on Teflon templated microscopy slides. It was found to be as sensitive as the use of monovalent antigens for detection and quantitation of antibodies to these highly hazardous human pathogens. PMID- 7031085 TI - Comparison of new triton X-100- and tween-ether-treated split-treated vaccines in children. AB - Split-product vaccines (SPVs) combine the desirable properties of no systemic reactogenicity and adequate immunogenicity when two doses are given. We compared a new Triton X-100 SPV (Connaught Laboratories, Inc.) with the commercially available Tween-ether SPV (Parke-Davis & Co.) in 76 children and young adults 2 to 25 years old; there were 39 and 37, respectively, in each vaccine group. Both vaccines contained influenza A/Brazil/78, A/Texas/77, and B/Hong Kong/72 (7 microgram of hemagglutinin for each strain); two doses were administered 1 month apart. Among persons seronegative by the hemagglutination inhibition test, the geometric mean antibody titers rose to approximately 100 after the first vaccination for influenza A/Brazil/78 and A/Texas/77. For B/Hong Kong/72, however, seronegative recipients developed lower geometric mean titers of approximately 32 after one immunization. Against the new B/Singapore/79 strain neither SPV stimulated adequate cross-reacting hemagglutination inhibition antibody (geometric mean titers of approximately 10). In conclusion, the new Triton X-100 SPV appears to be comparable to the ether-treated SPV in primed subjects. Further studies in unprimed children should be done to confirm this impression. In addition, it would be advisable to study other dosage regimens in unprimed children with these SPVs. PMID- 7031086 TI - Rapid identification of material colonization with group B streptococci by use of fluorescent antibody. AB - To identify women colonized with group B streptococci during parturition, we used pooled type-specific fluorescent antibody to examine vaginal swabs enriched by preincubation in selective broth medium. In preliminary experiments, group B streptococcus strain III-Bell was reliably detectable with fluorescent antibody at concentrations of greater than 10(5) colony-forming units per ml, achieved after 6 h of incubation of small inocula (18 to 26 colony-forming units). Of the vaginal swabs from 924 parturient women examined prospectively by both fluorescent antibody and selective bacteriology techniques, group B streptococci were isolated in 154. The sensitivity of the fluorescent antibody technique increased with increasing incubation time and ranged from 49% (3 to 6 h) to 81% (7 to 12 h) to 83% (13 to 18 h) to 93% (greater than 18 h). Colonized mothers identified within 6 h by the fluorescent antibody technique had higher rates of vertical transmission to their newborn infants (61%) than colonized mothers whose fluorescent antibody examinations were negative within this time interval (32%; P = 0.027). However, because of the timing of their admissions, none of the colonized mothers of the four infants who developed early-onset group B streptococcal sepsis were identified with fluorescent antibody until after delivery. Although its sensitivity approaches selective culture methods after 6 h of incubation, fluorescent antibody examination of vaginal swabs does not appear to offer a practical approach to identifying colonized parturient women for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis of group B streptococcal infection. PMID- 7031087 TI - Mannose in body fluids as an indicator of invasive candidiasis. AB - Using gas-liquid chromatography, we measured five mannose in the serum of six nondiabetic patients with autopsy-proven invasive candidiasis. In all patients serum mannose concentrations were higher than mannose levels found in serum from normal adults and children or from patients with catheter-associated candidemia, mucosal candidiasis, and other mycoses. Spinal fluid from two patients with Candida meningitis showed increased free mannose as compared to seven non inflammatory spinal fluid samples. However, free mannose in the serum of poorly controlled diabetics (blood glucose of greater than or equal to 300 mg/dl) did overlap concentrations in patients with invasive candidiasis. In vitro culture of Candida albicans demonstrated increasing concentrations of mannose associated with growth of the organism. We conclude that physical and chemical assay for mannose in body fluids may be a useful technique to assist in the diagnosis in invasive candidiasis. PMID- 7031088 TI - Lack of requirement for blind subcultures of BACTEC blood culture media. AB - To determine the need for blind subculturing of BACTEC (Johnston Laboratories, Cockeysville, Md.) blood culture media, we compared results of radiometric readings, visual inspection, and blind subculturing for nearly 7,500 blood specimens. Visual inspection and radiometric testing were performed on day 1 through 7, and blind subcultures were made on day 3. In the first phase of the study, 402 of 3,896 aerobic bottles were positive by radiometric testing (growth index, greater than 25), visual inspection, or subculturing. Only six bottles were radiometrically negative but subculture positive on day 3. The second phase of the study was designed to determine if aerobic bottles eventually became radiometrically positive in those cases in which they were radiometrically negative but subculture positive on day 3. Two bottles were subculture positive but never gave a growth index of greater than or equal to 25 by day 7. One yielded Staphylococcus epidermidis, and one yielded viridans, Streptococcus sp. A total of 35 anaerobic organisms were isolated from 3,896 blood specimens. All of these anaerobes were detected by both radiometric testing and subculturing. We examined a total of 14,972 blood culture bottles. Twenty-nine bottles considered negative by visual inspection or radiometric readings were found to be positive by subculturing. Fifteen of these were shown, by chart review, to contain contaminants. Organisms in the other negative bottles would not have gone undetected because companion bottles from the same patients were radiometrically or visually positive. We concluded that it is necessary to perform blind subcultures of BACTEC 7B and 8B blood culture bottles. PMID- 7031089 TI - Variations in properties of Nocardia asteroides resulting from growth in the cell wall-deficient state. AB - Several revertants possessing a cell wall were obtained from L-forms of Nocardia asteroides 10905. These L-form revertants differed from the parent in respect to colonial and cellular morphology, pigmentation, metabolic, capacities, cell wall structure, and mycolic acid composition. These data suggest a possible mechanism for the taxonomic heterogeneity and phenotypic diversity observed among N. asteroides strains. PMID- 7031090 TI - Biochemical characterization of Haemophilus species with the minitek differentiation system. AB - Characterization of 102 Haemophilus strains by the Minitek differentiation system (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) was compared with that by the conventional method. The results obtained by the two methods were in good agreement (P less than 0.001; test of independence). Therefore, this system was found to be applicable for the identification of Haemophilus species in routine clinical bacteriology. PMID- 7031091 TI - Valuable of terminal subcultures from negative BACTEC blood culture bottles. AB - Terminal subcultures from 5,354 negative BACTEC blood culture bottles did not significantly improve the detection of positive cultures. Only 15 of the 545 total isolates were recovered from the terminal subcultures. All 15 of these isolates were either considered contaminants or had been previously detected. PMID- 7031092 TI - Evaluation of detection of positive blood cultures by pH changes. AB - We observed that the pH of positive blood culture broths was significantly lower than that of negative broths. However, significantly pH changes were generally not observed for subculture-positive, macroscopically negative blood culture broths. Therefore, although the pH of most positive blood culture broths was reduced significantly, this change was generally not useful for the early detection of positive cultures. PMID- 7031093 TI - Localisation of immunoglobulin on the liver cell surface in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Direct immunofluorescence studies were performed on isolated liver cells in order to detect surface localisation of IgG in acute and chronic hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. Membrane-bound IgG was demonstrated in nine patients. Six of eight patients with primary biliary cirrhosis showed granular fluorescence on their liver cell surfaces suggesting that an antibody or immune complex-mediated cytotoxicity might be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 7031094 TI - Evaluation of the Phadebact Gonococcus Test in the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a routine diagnostic laboratory. AB - The Phadebact Gonococcus Test, a coagglutination procedure for the confirmation of identity of presumptive N gonorrhoeae isolates, was evaluated under normal working conditions in a routine diagnostic laboratory and compared with an immunofluorescence technique. Of 166 isolates of N gonorrhoeae from urogenital, rectal, and pharyngeal sites, 164 gave a positive coagglutination reaction, and one of the two negative isolates gave a positive reaction on retesting after subculture. There were no cross-reactions with other organisms tested. This was in contrast with the immunofluorescence technique; with this method, three of 46 isolates of N meningitidis fluoresced brightly, and a further 17 isolates of N meningitidis gave reactions that were difficult to interpret. The coagglutination test is rapid, simple and a more specific alternative to immunofluorescence. PMID- 7031095 TI - Appraisal in the diagnostic laboratory of three commercially available anaerobic cabinets. AB - Three commercially available anaerobic cabinets are described and their performance in relation to one another and to a standard anaerobic jar technique are reported upon from a clinical laboratory. PMID- 7031096 TI - Contamination of the environment by special purpose centrifuges used in clinical laboratories. AB - The generation of aerosols and the contamination of surfaces arising from the use of a number of special purpose centrifuges have been measured. Except when sealed containers were used all the equipment tested generated airborne particles and contaminated surrounding surfaces. The magnitude of this contamination was shown to be associated with several factors, and it could be considerably reduced by the use of sealed containers, and by fitting air filters. The significance of these findings and their application are discussed. PMID- 7031097 TI - Simplified procedure for the routine isolation of Clostridium difficile from faeces. AB - The use of alcohol, at a final concentration of 50%, as a selective procedure for the isolation of Clostridium difficile was compared to a selective medium containing 250 microgram /ml of cycloserine and 10 microgram /ml of cefoxitin. Of 266 faecal samples 82 were shown to be positive by one or other method. Seventy seven (94%) of these were detected by the selective agar (SA) and 72 (88%) by the alcohol procedure (AP). Ten samples (12%) were positive only by SA and five samples (6%) by AP only. The AP was further modified so that all manipulations prior to incubation were performed on the open bench. Of 18 positive samples, 18 (100%) were detected by SA and 16 (89%) by AP. PMID- 7031098 TI - A technique for identifying areas of interest human breast tissue before embedding for electron microscopy. PMID- 7031099 TI - An automated technique for the rapid processing breast tissue for subgross examination. PMID- 7031100 TI - Chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid effects in endogenous hypertriglyceridemias. A controlled double-blind trial. AB - A double-blind controlled trial was carried out to compare the effects of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), and placebo on cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients with endogenous hypertriglyceridemias. The dose of both bile acids was four 150-mg capsules day. Total serum cholesterol levels did not show appreciable changes with any of the treatments. HDL cholesterol was significantly increased after CDCA but not after UDCA or placebo. CDCA feeding was associated with a significant decrease in serum triglyceride levels, whereas the other treatments failed to show an effect. It is concluded that UDCA does not affect serum lipid levels, whereas CDCA lowers serum triglycerides and may be useful in the treatment of endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. PMID- 7031101 TI - Postsurgical pain: zomepirac sodium, propoxyphene/-acetaminophen combination, and placebo. AB - Zomepirac sodium, a new, nonnarcotic analgesic agent, was compared with the combination of propoxyphene/acetaminophen in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, single-dose study in 196 hospitalized postsurgical patients with pain severe enough to require a prescription analgesic. Patients received 100 mg zomepirac sodium, 50 mg zomepirac sodium, 100 mg propoxyphene napsylate with 650 mg acetaminophen, or placebo. Total pain relief during the 6-hour observation period showed that 100 mg zomepirac sodium was significantly more effective than the propoxyphene combination. All active drugs were superior to placebo. Percentages of patients requiring remedication before the end of the study were: 77 per cent for placebo, 48 per cent for propoxyphene/acetaminophen, 43 per cent for 50 mg zomepirac sodium, and 29 per cent for 100 mg zomepirac sodium. The numbers of patients reporting side effects were not significantly different among the treatment groups. These results confirm those of other single-dose pain studies which showed 100 mg zomepirac sodium significantly more efficacious than the propoxyphene/acetaminophen combination. PMID- 7031102 TI - A computer program for distinctive feature analysis. AB - A computer program is described that will accomplish a distinctive feature analysis for speech misarticulations. The program, which is written in FORTRAN, is interactive in nature and is straightforward in design. It greatly facilitates the use of distinctive feature analysis in articulation training, as it reduces the time necessary to complete such an analysis from several hours to approximately 15 min. PMID- 7031103 TI - Atropine fails to block the overconsumption of sugar solutions by hypothalamic hyperphagic rats. AB - Adult female rats given bilateral parasagittal knife cuts in the medial hypothalamus (VMH group) were hyperphagic and became obese on a chow diet, compared with sham-operated controls. The VMH rats also overconsumed, relative to controls, sucrose and glucose solutions during 30 min/day tests. Pretreating the VMH and control rats with atropine methyl nitrate (1.0, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/kg) reduced their intake of the sugar solutions in three out of five experiments, and in all experiments it suppressed their 24-hr chow intake. However, the VMH rats continued to drink more of the sugar solutions than did the controls after all atropine treatments, and in three out of four experiments their hyperphagia on the chow diet was not blocked by the atropine. The results do not support the hypothesis that vagally stimulated insulin release or other cholinergically mediated cephalic responses of digestion are essential for the expression of hypothalamic hyperphagia and finickiness. PMID- 7031104 TI - Vagotomy blocks hypothalamic hyperphagia in rats on a chow diet and sucrose solution, but not on a palatable mixed diet. AB - Adult female rats were given ventromedial hypothalamic parasagittal knife cuts (VMH treatment) or control surgery (Con treatment), followed 10 days later by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (Vag treatment) or sham vagotomy (Sham treatment). The hyperphagia and obesity produced by the VMH cuts to rats on a chow diet was completely blocked by vagotomy (VMH-Vag group). Vagotomy also inhibited the VMH rats' overconsumption of a 20% sucrose solution during 1 hr/day and 24 hr/day tests, which contrasts with the effects of atropine treatment. However, when offered a selection of palatable foods (cookies, sweet milk, high-fat ration) in addition to chow, the VMH-Vag rats overate and gained considerably more weight than did the Con-Vag rats or the Con-Sham rats. The Con-Vag rats, on the other hand, gained less weight than did the Con-Sham rats on the palatable diet. The results indicate that intact subdiaphragmatic vagi are not essential for the expression of VMH hyperphagia and finickiness, and they therefore question the role of vagally mediated cephalic responses in the hypothalamic hyperphagia syndrome. On the other hand, the results indicate that in brain-intact animals vagotomy suppresses the development of diet-induced obesity. PMID- 7031105 TI - Using early assessment of prehomosexual boys as a counseling tool: an exploratory study. PMID- 7031106 TI - Changing college student norms on the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank. PMID- 7031107 TI - [Mechanisms of microorganism protection from the action of ultraviolet rays]. PMID- 7031108 TI - [Spontaneous lysis of bacteria in river water]. PMID- 7031109 TI - The presidents. Thomas Fillebrown, 1897-1898. PMID- 7031110 TI - Prosthodontic treatment of pendulous maxillary tuberosities. AB - Reduction of the maxillary tuberosities is not always possible when indicated, and it is sometimes necessary to solve the problem by modifying the construction procedures for the complete denture. Because of inadequate space between the maxillary tuberosity and the retromolar pad, acrylic bases of adequate thickness could not be used. Instead, gold shims 1-min thick were cast over the tuberosities. They had loops around the periphery and V-shaped recesses to allow for even finishing of the wax-up of the record base to the gold shims. Jaw relation records were made and the teeth were set in bilateral crossbite because of the discrepancy in arch size. The acrylic resin was then processed, the dentures finished and polished, and normal laboratory and clinical remount procedures observed. Because there was some space available, this technique worked well. Both tuberosities and retromolar pad areas may also be cast in gold to allow for even thinner base in this area; however, when surgical reduction is possible, it is still the preferable treatment. PMID- 7031111 TI - Effect of erythromycin on theophylline kinetics. AB - The effect of erythromycin base on theophylline kinetics was studied in eight informed, nonsmoking, adult males who received a 15-min infusion of theophylline (aminophylline) 5 mg/kg, prior to (control) and after (experimental) a 7-day course of 1 gm daily erythromycin base (E-Mycin). Each subject acted as his own control. Multiple serum samples were collected for 24 hr after each dose and were analyzed for theophylline by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The mean +/- SD pharmacokinetic parameters for each phase of study were as follows: apparent volume of distribution (L/kg) 0.45 +/- 0.05 (control), 0.41 +/- 0.05 (experimental); clearance (ml . min/kg) 0.83 +/- 0.17 (control), 0.60 +/- 0.11 (experimental); elimination half-life (hr) 6.65 +/- 1.88 (control), 8.10 +/- 1.58 (experimental). Erythromycin significantly affected the elimination half-life and clearance of theophylline (p less than 0.05). The apparent volume of distribution was unaffected (p greater than 0.05). Therefore patients being administered theophylline appear to be at added risk for the development of toxicity when erythromycin is added to the therapeutic regimen. PMID- 7031112 TI - Studies on allergoids from naturally occurring allergens. IV. Efficacy and safety of long-term allergoid treatment of ragweed hay fever. PMID- 7031113 TI - Clinical effects of amitriptyline in adolescent depression. A pilot study. PMID- 7031114 TI - Aging comes of age. W.O. Thompson, J. Am. Geriatrics Soc. 1: 1, 1953. PMID- 7031116 TI - Old age and the vices. Russell L. Cecil, J. Am. Geriatrics Soc. 1: 604, 1953. PMID- 7031115 TI - History of the American Geriatrics Society. Malford W. Thewlis, J. Am. Geriatrics Soc. 1: 3, 1953. PMID- 7031117 TI - Visceral afferents and the fastigial nucleus in vascular and plasma renin adjustments to head-up tilting. AB - A two min orthostatic stress of 30 degrees head-up tilting in alpha-chloralose anesthetized and paralyzed cats results in compensatory changes in cardiovascular parameters (systemic blood pressure, renal perfusion pressure) and renin release. The dynamics of the response leads to shifts in systemic arterial pressure characterized by 3 phases. The initial phase, a fall in systemic pressure, is followed by a rapid compensatory phase with a period that does not exceed 50 s. The near steady-state adjustment in blood pressure and renal vascular resistance represents the third phase, has a longer time constant and is adequately accounted for by both arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflex mechanisms. Indeed, fixing carotid sinus pressure in the vagotomized cat at high or low levels alters only the magnitude of the steady-state pressure obtained with tilt and not the early rapid compensation of the second phase. By contrast, bilateral lesions of the fastigial nucleus of the cerebellum abates the rapid phase of systemic compensation to tilting. Renin secretion significantly increased (greater than 2 1/2) with tilt and this increase was abolished by vagotomy. By fixing carotid sinus pressure at high or low levels in the vagotomized cat, tilt resulted in only a modest rise in renin secretion. Following fastigial lesions such as upwards trend was abated. Three neural components (cerebellar fastigial pressor, arterial baroreflex and cardiopulmonary baroreflex) appear necessary for the integrated response in cardiovascular adjustment to head-up tilt. The adjustments to orthostatic stress comprise both rapid neural as well as long-term humoral responses. PMID- 7031118 TI - Lecithin and memory training in suspected Alzheimer's disease. AB - Ten patients diagnosed clinically as having Alzheimer's disease (age range 54 to 73 years) were given 35 g/day of a 53% lecithin mixture for two weeks, in a double-blind crossover design. Patients received memory training during the lecithin condition and "placebo training" during the placebo drug condition. Repeated assessment with Buschke's Selective Reminding Procedure provided no evidence of a therapeutic lecithin effect either during the two week clinical trial or during longer follow-up trials. Noninvasive measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (nr CBF) by the 133Xe-inhalation method, and repeated EEG's also failed to demonstrate a therapeutic effect. These latter indices reflected a decline in cerebral function over the course of the study, a finding which paralleled clinical impressions in four of the patients. Follow-up trials of memory training under placebo and lecithin conditions provided some suggestion that memory training may lead to some immediate improvement in list-learning ability, but the improvement was not well maintained overtime. PMID- 7031119 TI - Bipartite hamulus with ulnar tunnel syndrome--case report and literature review. AB - Increasing reports of fractured hamate hooks have provided a sharper focus on causes, diagnosis, treatment, and associated anomalies such as ulnar neuropathy, bipartition, and accessory ossicles. This case report, presenting ulnar tunnel syndrome with bilateral hamulus bipartition, illustrates the relation between these anomalies. PMID- 7031120 TI - A simple method of obtaining bone graft by bone biopsy trocar. AB - A method is presented to obtain an autologous iliac bone graft which is technically simple, provides adequate bone quantity, and affords minimal morbidity to the graft source. PMID- 7031121 TI - Seasonal variation in microfilaraemia (bancrofti) density and filaria disease. PMID- 7031122 TI - Seasonal prevalence of filaria infection in Culex fatigans, from Dhanbad, Bihar. PMID- 7031123 TI - Comparison of four methods of differential typing of isolates of Shigella sonnei. AB - An epidemiological study of Sonne dysentery in Dundee during the years 1971-6 was made by examining, in respect of 1420 isolates of Shigella sonnei, the discriminating power of colicine typing, antibiogram testing, biotyping and resistotyping and the stabilty of the markers they provided. Colicine typing identified nine colicine types, including four not previously described. However, because types 4 and 4 var., determined by col Ib, and type U, producing no colicines, accounted for 96% of the isolates, discrimination with colicine typing was poor. In antibiotic sensitivity test, 13 different antibiogram patterns were noted. Less than 1% of the isolates were sensitive to all of the eight antibiotics tested; most were multiply drug-resistant. Resistance to kanamycin, neomycin and paromomycin (KNP) was apparently due to a single resistance determinant, widely distributed in a majority (53%) of the isolates. When definitive times were chosen for reading each biotyping test, only maltose and rhamnose of the 13 "sugars' tested differentiated isolates into prompt- and late fermenting types. Though the ability to ferment rhamnose was a stable property, it discriminated only 1.5% of the minority, late-fermenting type. Resistotyping with six chemicals discriminated eight epidemiologically valid resistotypes, including three new types. However, 93 of the isolates belonged to only three resistotypes. Analysis of the data for isolated from 286 epidemiologically distinct episodes showed that the variability of colicine and antibiogram characters, found among isolates within, respectively, 40 and 28% of the episodes, was generally associated with loss or gain of a plasmid ("col Ib-KNP') which determined production of colicine Ib and KNP resistance. These characters varied both in vivo and in vitro. Variability of resistotype characters, on the other hand, was observed in only 28 (9%) episodes, 14 of which possibly represented examples of mixed or sequential infections. For accurate epidemiological tracing of strains of Sh. sonnei in a community, resistotyping, the technique showing the greatest discrimination and least variability of the four tested, should be included as the principal typing method. PMID- 7031124 TI - Discrimination by multiple typing of isolates of Shigella sonnei in Dundee (1971 6). AB - Different strains of Shigella sonnei present in Dundee from 1971 to 1976 were identified by a "multiple typing' method in which resistotyping, used as the main method of differentiation, was supplemented by colicine typing, antibiogram testing and biotyping. At least 19 different "multiple types' (MTs) were identified by combining information from the four typing techniques. The relation of the different types and their possible derivation from each other are discussed. The practical value of multiple typing was demonstrated in a study of 247 isolates, of three distinct MTs, recovered from 178 persons involved in an extended outbreak centred primarily on day nurseries. A few episodes that yielded isolates of different resistotypes were analysed to determine whether the cultures were: isolates of the same strain different in resistotype as a result of in vivo or in vitro variation of resistotype characters, or isolates of distinct strains of different resistotypes. The multiple typing approach clarified the way in which different MTs emerged, persisted, disappeared or co existed in the community during the 6 years of the study. PMID- 7031125 TI - A comparison of confirmatory media for coliform organisms and Escherichia coli in water. By a joint committee of the Public Health Laboratory Service and the Standing Committee of Analysts. AB - Gas production by coliform organisms and Escherichia coli from lauryl tryptose lactose broth (LTLB) was compared with that from brilliant green (lactose) bile broth (BGB). These media were compared with lauryl tryptose mannitol broth (LTMB) with and without added tryptophan for both gas and indole production. At 37 degrees C, LTLB and BGB were both satisfactory for gas production, but at 44 degrees C, LTLB gave fewer false-negative results and was thus significantly less inhibitory than BGB. However when LTLB and LTMB were compared as single-tube confirmatory media, LTLB give a high proportion of false-negative reactions in the indole test at 44 degrees C. The substitution of mannitol for lactose and the addition of tryptophan yielded a satisfactory medium for both confirmation of gas production and the demonstration of indole at 44 degrees C. PMID- 7031126 TI - Escherichia coli in gastroenteritis of children in Auckland, New Zealand. AB - A study of stool Escherichia coli in 60 children with gastroenteritis and 18 control children was carried out in Auckland, New Zealand in 1977. Toxigenic strains, heat labile and heat stable, predominated in the stools of only three children, all of whom had concomitant rotavirus. Classical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) were found in patients and controls. Only one patient had many EPEC in the stool (086.H2), they were variably toxigenic and rotavirus was also present. No toxigenic serotype was isolated. Two potential pathogens were sometimes found. Overall there was no evidence for a substantial causative role for disease producing E. coli in these children. PMID- 7031127 TI - Observations on the antigenic differences between the so-called SC and LC strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. AB - The so-called SC (small colony) and LC (large colony) strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides are said to be indistinguishable by the in vitro serological tests of generally used in mycoplasmology. In mice the immunity given by a single dose of killed LC-strain vaccine against challenge with SC strains is - unlike that given by SC-strain vaccine - only partial. When multiple doses of killed or living vaccines were given, the majority of 13 LC strains still failed to immunize completely against a SC strain. This suggests that, although some protective antigens are shared between both types of strain, at least one of importance is present in the SC strains but absent from the majority of LC strains. The difference between the protective-antigen content of SC and most LC strains is thus qualitative, and not merely quantitative. PMID- 7031128 TI - Antigenicity in hamsters of inactivated vaccines prepared from recombinant influenza viruses. AB - Inactivated vaccines prepared form influenza virus strains obtained by the recombination of A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) or A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) viruses with A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2) virus, were tested for their antigenicity in hamsters. The parental origin of the genes of each cloned recombinant virus was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and vaccines prepared from each strain by concentration, purification on sucrose density gradients and inactivation with formalin. All the recombinant strains used in these studies possessed surface haemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens derived from the A/Victoria/75 parent strain. On inoculation into hamsters, at equivalent concentrations, these vaccines varied in their ability to induce haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies in the serum. This variation was not dependent on concentration and was observed using neutralization and single radial haemolysis, as well as HI. The possible reasons for the findings are discussed. PMID- 7031129 TI - Skin sepsis in meat handlers: observations on the causes of injury with special reference to bone. AB - Outbreaks of wound infection with Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus occurred in a abattoir and a pork-processing factory in Autumn 1980. Investigations showed that staff handling the meat before de-boning were particularly affected and that bone was the cause of 48% of the wounds which became clinicially infected. Of the total isolates of Strep. pyogenes and Staph. aureus from wounds of known cause 75% were from lesions caused by bone. In one outbreak streptococcal infection was seen principally in newly-employed staff. Group L streptococci were found in several sites in the pork factory and were isolated from infected lesions in two workers. Strep. pyogenes and Staph. aureus were cultured from tap handles in the lavatories. Sixty-six workers were examined in a non-epidemic period and 59% were found to have current wounds on the hand or wrists; 13% of wounds were infected but Strep. pyogenes was not isolated. Bone was the commonest of the many causes of injury, accounting for 31% of all wounds. Butchers had the highest rates of wounding and most bone-inflicted injury was seen in this group. Packers were the only group to wear protective gloves regularly. Damaged fingernails were found in 50% of workers, including a high proportion of nail-biters (33% of all workers). The epidemic strain of Staph. aureus was cultured from bitten fingernails. Three of four infected workers carrying epidemic organisms in the throat were examined and all were nail-biters. Sharp-edged bone was produced by rotary saws early in the production line and bone dust contaminated the carcasses and adjacent surfaces. It is suggested that bone fragments could contaminate wounds and that this might have implications for the initiation of infection and the development of outbreaks. PMID- 7031130 TI - Escherichia coli resistant to tetracyclines and to other antibiotics in the faeces of U.K. chickens and pigs in 1980. AB - A survey conducted in 1980, 9 years after the banning of the use of tetracyclines as feed additives in the U.K., indicated that table chickens and pigs were still a large reservoir of tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli; the incidence of transferable tetracycline resistance was greater in chicken E. coli strains (68%) than in pig E. coli strains (20%). Large amounts of sulphonamide-resistant and of furazolidone-resistant E. coli were found in the faeces of chickens; E. coli resistant to both sulphonamides and streptomycin were common in the faeces of chickens and pigs. E. coli with transferable or mobilizable trimethoprim resistance were present in the faeces of most pigs and in the faeces of 10% of chickens. PMID- 7031131 TI - Solid-phase selection of human T lymphocyte subpopulations using monoclonal antibodies. AB - This report describes a novel solid-phase technique for the positive selection of human T lymphocyte subsets labeled by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal anti-bodies. Fluorescein labeled normal human T cells or a T cell line were fractionated on plastic culture dishes precoated with affinity chromatography purified anti-fluorescein antibodies. Cell binding was specific for fluorescein, and was both time and temperature dependent. Bound cells were eluted at 37 degrees C with fluorescein-L-lysine. The eluted cells were enriched with highly viable and functional human T cell subsets. Thus Leu3 monoclonal antibody selected cells were shown to provide helper activity in the pokeweed mitogen induced IgM and IgG immunoglobulin secretory response of autologous B cells. The Leu2 antibody selected T cells suppressed both IgM and IgG secretory responses. In addition, studies with the monoclonal antibody 1G11, which binds to an antigen expressed on acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) cells and the T-ALL derived cell line RPMI-8402, demonstrated that this solid-phase technique can be used to select for cells which are present at low frequencies in a mixed population. It thus provides a simple and reproducible means for the preparative isolation of lymphocyte subsets associated with autoimmune and neoplastic disease for functional and biochemical analysis. PMID- 7031132 TI - A solid phase immunofluorometric assay for anti-lymphocyte antibodies. AB - A solid phase immunofluorometric assay for anti-lymphocyte antibodies was developed by using agarose beads to which partially purified HLA antigens were bound. Optimal conditions for the assay system was determined with respect to bead concentration, serum concentration, FTC-conjugate concentration and incubation times. This system detected non-complement fixing as well as complement fixing antibodies in antisera. It was approximately 20 times more sensitive than the microlymphocytotoxicity test or an indirect immunofluorescence test in which viable cells were used. The antigen bound to the bead was stable at least for 54 days at 5 degrees C or - 80 degrees C. When lyophilized, its antibody-binding activity was 80% of the original. By this system, pregnancy sera containing lymphocytotoxic antibodies and normal sera gave relative fluorescence intensities of 331 +/- 65 (X +/- S.D.; n = 8) and 188 +/- 54 (n = 9), respectively. PMID- 7031133 TI - Identification of a subpopulation of chicken B lymphocytes by the lectin from Lotus tetragonolobus. AB - Lectin-reactive chicken lymphoid cells were detected by agglutination. The lectin from Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinated cells from bursa and spleen and did not agglutinate cells from thymus or peripheral blood of 28-day-old chickens. The percentages of Lotus tetragonolobus reactive cells were also measured by assays of lectin-induced rosette formation, binding of lectin-labelled latex beads, and binding of rhodamine-labelled lectin. The distribution of lectin reactive cells varied with the age of the chicken. The lectin appears to identify a unique subpopulation of chicken B lymphocytes. PMID- 7031134 TI - TerELISA: the ELISA test performed in Terasaki plates. AB - The use of Terasaki (10 microliter samples) and microtitration (100 microliter samples) plates as the solid phase in enzyme immunoassays was compared. Various antigens were used for coating the plates and antibodies present in human sera were evaluated using the same anti-human Ig antibody labelled with either beta galactosidase, alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase or glucose oxidase. The results obtained, either by scoring with the naked eye or by absorbance reading with appropriate densitometers, showed that both plates were equally suitable and that the 4 enzymes were equally effective in detecting the same lowest quantity of antibody. A comparative evaluation using either Terasaki or microtitration plates for the quantitation of human anti-Echinococcus granulosus antibody ii 50 sera demonstrated that there was a good correlation between the two procedures (r = 0.8097). Finally, the use of glucose oxidase as the enzyme marked allowed a clear cut distinction to be made between positive and negative samples with the naked eye alone. PMID- 7031135 TI - Determination of protein primary structure by radiochemical techniques. PMID- 7031136 TI - The inactivation of horseradish peroxidase by a polystyrene surface. AB - Horseradish peroxidase conjugates are inactivated by reaction with plastic enzyme immunoassay reaction vessels (Gilford Cuvette Paks). The loss of enzyme activity is prevented by Tween. PMID- 7031137 TI - A convenient multipurpose mouse restrainer. AB - A convenient, inexpensive, easily constructed mouse restrainer is described and illustrated. The restrainer has the advantage over other models that while the animal is effectively immobilized, time-consuming and potentially injurious binding of extremities is avoided, and selected areas such as the back, extremities and tail remain accessible for manipulations. PMID- 7031138 TI - Usage of the flow cytometer-cell sorter. PMID- 7031139 TI - Simultaneous analysis of cell surface antigens and cell morphology using monoclonal antibodies conjugated to fluorescent microspheres. AB - A new method for simultaneous analysis of cell surface antigens and cell morphology using monoclonal antibodies conjugated to fluorescent microspheres ('immunospheres') is described. Wright's staining was performed on cells after reaction with immunospheres, and a direct correlation of cell surface antigen expression and cell morphology was made. Mild formalin fixation of cells inhibited phagocytosis of microspheres, which is a potential source of confusion in the analysis of cell surface binding. Rapid, accurate analysis of cell surface antigen expression in single cell suspensions of heterogeneous human hematopoietic and lymphoid cell populations was facilitated by this method. PMID- 7031140 TI - An immunofluorescence assay for complement activation by the classical pathway. AB - The functional integrity of classical complement pathway components was determined by an immunofluorescence (IFL) assay based on the capacity of cytoskeletal intermediate filaments (IMF) to bind C1q and to activate the complement pathway. The assay uses IMF-rich capillary endothelium of human term placentae as complement-activating substrate. IFL staining for bound C1q, C4 and C3 was demonstrated after incubation of the tissue sections with normal human sera in dilutions up to 1 : 80. Known inhibitors of C1q binding and inhibitors fo C3 convertase formation prevented binding of complement components. Eight of 100 sera from patients showed negative or reduced binding of complement whereas all of 100 control sera from healthy individuals were positive in the assay. Four negative patients' sera were studied further: 3 had markedly reduced hemolytic activity and normal levels of C3 and C4. The IFL assay for complement activation provides a simple method of evaluating complement deficiencies and of studying mechanisms and inhibitors of complement activation. PMID- 7031141 TI - Penicillin tolerance in group B streptococci isolated from infected neonates. AB - Four (4%) of 100 isolates of group B streptococci from the blood or cerebrospinal fluid of infected neonates were shown to be tolerant to penicillin by significantly slower rates of killing at penicillin levels that were 16 times greater than the minimal inhibitory concentrations. Different killing rates between nontolerant and tolerant streptococci were observed with penicillin only in the logarithmic phase of growth. Nontolerant strains in the stationary phase and tolerant strains in both the logarithmic and stationary phases were killed at similar rates, which were slower than the rates for nontolerant streptococci in the logarithmic phase. When incubated with [14C]lysine-labeled preparations of cell wall, freeze-thaw extracts of tolerant strains released less radioactivity than did those of nontolerant strains. This activity of nontolerant streptococci was maximal during logarithmic growth and was heat-labile, a result which presumably reflected the activity of autolytic enzyme(s). PMID- 7031142 TI - Comparison of larval antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for strongyloidiasis in humans. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for specific antibodies in patients with strongyloidiasis was developed using antigens extracted from the third-stage larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis and Strongyloides ratti. Sera from two groups of patients with strongyloidiasis proven by parasitologic methods, including one group of 29 coded positive sera, and from presumed normal subjects as controls were tested. Sera with optical density values greater than two standard deviations above the mean optical density value for the sera from control subjects were considered to be positive. Using this criterion 82%-84% of 51 positive patients had antibodies to S. stercoralis or S. ratti antigens. Immunosuppression and other factors that might influence antibody responses were associated with some patients who were negative for antibodies to Strongyloides. Antigen from an intestinal nematode of rats, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, was also evaluated and found to be unsuitable for serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis because of frequent false-positive as well as false-negative results. PMID- 7031143 TI - [Structure and function of the nuclear matrix (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031144 TI - [Regulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis in yeast (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031145 TI - [Chemiluminescence immunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031146 TI - [Inhibitors in polyamine biosynthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031147 TI - [Discovery of functionally distinct two long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetases and their roles in fatty acid metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031148 TI - [Membrane proteins in detergent solutions--with special attention to band 3 protein from erythrocyte membranes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031149 TI - [Micro-scale peptide mapping technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031150 TI - [Progress from I-bar to Konus crown]. PMID- 7031151 TI - [Study of chronic desquamative gingivitis. Application of fluorescent antibody technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031152 TI - [A study on cephalometric superimposition using subtraction technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031153 TI - "A Testament of Duty" revisited. PMID- 7031154 TI - Determinants of glomerular filtration and plasma flow in experimental diabetic rats. AB - GFR and, to a lesser extent, RPF are elevated soon after the onset of human diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms involved in these functional changes are unknown. Since the experimental diabetic rat has renal morphological changes similar to those observed in man, we investigated whole-kidney and superficial nephron glomerular function in this animal model early during the course of the disease. Alloxan-induced diabetes (50 mg/kg BW) is frequently characterized by severe hyperglycemia and retarded body growth. Supplemental insulin administration (6 U of NPH insulin daily) results in normal body growth, although hyperglycemia persists. As a result, we studied four groups of diabetic rats (1) after 1 month of untreated diabetes, (2) after 3 months of untreated diabetes, (3) after 3 months of untreated diabetes followed by 1 month of insulin supplementation, and (4) after 3 months of insulin-supplemented diabetes. After 1 month of untreated diabetes, GFR and SNGFR each declined by 20% compared to age matched control rats. RPF and SNGFR were both reduced by 33% as a consequence of a 41% increase in RT. Reduced SNGPF together with a 7 mm Hg reduction in PGC caused the fall in GFR and SNGFR. KWs were not significantly different from those of control rats. The functional changes that occurred after 1 month of untreated diabetes did not significantly deteriorate after 3 months of the disease. Insulin supplementation, when instituted for 1 month after 3 months of untreated diabetes, produced no significant improvement in either whole-kidney or superficial-nephron hemodynamics even though body and kidney growth were stimulated. In contrast, insulin supplementation initiated at the onset of diabetes increased both SNGFR and SNGFR to 23% above control values. GFR and RPF each increased in proportion to the 18% increment in kidney size. RT was reduced in these rats, and the pressures that govern glomerular ultrafiltration were not altered from control values. We conclude that in untreated diabetic rats, an increase in RT is the predominant hemodynamic alteration which produces reduced glomerular hemodynamic function. Once established, this defect may not be reversed with 1 month of insulin supplementation. In contrast, small doses of insulin initiated at the onset of diabetes result in renal hypertrophy and proportionate increases in GFR and RPF with a reduction in RT. PMID- 7031155 TI - The effect of prostaglandin inhibition on renin release. A comparison of furosemide and low-sodium stimulation tests. AB - Furosemide administration is considered comparable to sodium restriction and upright posture as a stimulation test of PRA. This view can be questioned if different mechanisms of renin release are involved. Prostaglandins appear to be an important mediator of renin release. Using a prostaglandin antagonist, indomethacin, we attempted to assess the relative role of prostaglandins in the two renin stimulation tests. Eleven healthy volunteers on a high-sodium intake had PRA and PA measured in response to furosemide stimulation before and during indomethacin administration and then in response to sodium restriction combined with upright posture before and during indomethacin. Supine PRA was 0.41 ng/ml/hr on high sodium and 0.19 after indomethacin (p less than 0.05). On low sodium, the supine PRA was 2.07 ng/ml/hr and 0.98 after indomethacin (p less than 0.05). The increase in PRA (delta PRA) was 3.26 ng/ml/hr with furosemide stimulation and 1.23 after indomethacin (p less than 0.025). The PRA was 3.71 ng/ml/hr with low sodium stimulation and upright posture and 2.53 after indomethacin (NS). PA paralleled PRA except that there was no suppression of supine values with indomethacin. We conclude that prostaglandins mediate baseline renin secretion and renin stimulation in response to furosemide. However, no comparable prostaglandin mediation could be demonstrated during renin stimulation secondary to sodium restriction. The two standard renin stimulation tests appear to involve different mechanisms of renin release. PMID- 7031156 TI - A prospective randomized trial of postoperative irradiation of stage I and II non oat cell carcinoma of the lung. A preliminary report. PMID- 7031157 TI - Hemorheology and peripheral vascular diseases: a new therapeutic approach. AB - New findings on the physiology of flow properties of blood are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to hemorheologic occurrences in the decompensated microcirculation in peripheral vascular disease. The therapeutic possibilities for obtaining functional compensation are discussed. Trental (pentoxifylline) largely satisfies the complex requirements of a hemorheologically active therapeutic agent. PMID- 7031158 TI - Thomas Wolfe: a psychiatric view. PMID- 7031159 TI - Graduate medical education in Mobile 1859-1981. PMID- 7031160 TI - The effect of tannic acid on the preservation of tissue culture cells for scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 7031161 TI - Has collagen a role in muscle pattern formation in the developing chick wing? 1. An immunofluorescence study. AB - We have used antibodies to three of the isomorphic forms of collagen, types I, III and V, in an immunofluorescence microscopy study of myogenesis in the embryonic chick wing, concentrating on the period between stages 27 and 30 (5 to 7.5 days incubation) which is when the dorsal and ventral muscle masses separate into discrete muscle. We have demonstrated the presence of all three collagen types at the ectoderm-mesenchyme junction from stage 27 onwards. Type I collagen and then type III collagen are found in progressively deeper layers of the dermis at the later stages. Both types I and V collagen are initially present in the cartilage elements, but type I collagen becomes restricted to the periphery of these structure at later stages. The developing muscle areas show a lack of staining at all stages and it is only at the latest stages that types I and III collagen first appear in the surrounding epimysium. We discuss possible mechanisms for the division of the muscle masses in the light of this information on the distribution of collagen types. PMID- 7031162 TI - Membrane sterols and the development of the preimplantation mouse embryo. AB - The role of membrane sterols in the compaction and subsequent development of the preimplantation mouse embryo was studied by incubating embryos in 7 ketocholesterol and other oxygenated sterols. These sterols have been shown to inhibit sterol synthesis and deplete membranes of cholesterol in a variety of ther cell types. Compaction and subsequent blastocyst formation were normal when embryos were incubated in physiological sterols but were inhibited by oxygenated sterols to a degree which depended upon the concentration of sterol, duration of incubation and developmental age of the embryos. Precompaction 8-cell embryos were most susceptible to the action of these sterols and failed to compact (as assessed by cell flattening and increased intercellular adhesion) but continued to divide, whilst later stage embryos developed normally, 7-ketocholesterol had a specific effect on the ultrastructure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of treated embryos. The developmental and ultrastructural effects induced by the oxygenated sterols could be reversed or prevented by the use of products of the blocked reaction (i.e. mevalonate, desmosterol or cholesterol). These results substantiate the evidence that preimplantation mammalian embryos are capable of synthesizing membrane sterols from the 8-cell stage onwards and emphasize the importance of the sterol composition of membranes for normal cytokinesis and compaction of the mouse embryo. PMID- 7031163 TI - In vitro development of inner cell masses isolated from t0/t0 and tW5/tW5 mouse embryos. AB - Inner cell masses (ICMs) isolated immunosurgically from mouse blastocysts segregating the homozygous lethal mutants t0/t0 and tW5/tW5 were cultured in vitro. Presumed t0/t0 ICMs fail to grow after three days in culture (equivalent gestational day 7.5) when they consist of an outer layer of endoderm cells surrounding about 30 epiblast cells. Presumed homozygous tW5/tW5 ICMs develop to a more advanced stage in culture and on the seventh day (equivalent gestational day 11.5) consist of an inner core of disorganized ectoderm cells with a small proamniotic cavity, surrounded by multiple layers of endoderm cells. PMID- 7031164 TI - Spatiotemporal patterns of fibronectin distribution during embryonic development. I. Chick limbs. AB - It has been suggested that an extracellular matrix - and cell surface - associated glycoprotein, fibronectin, plays a role in the positioning of cells in morphogenesis and in the maintenance of orderly tissue organization. In the present study the appearance and distribution of fibronectin during in ovo chick limb development has been investigated by indirect immunofluorescence techniques in H.H. stages 20-30. Fibronectin is not detectable until just prior to the transition from the morphogenetic to the cytodifferentiation phase of development. Beginning at H.H. stage 25, successive nonrandom patterns of fibronectin detection and distribution, which resemble the subsequent cartilaginous elements, precede overt chondrogenesis as detected by Alcian blue staining. This corresponds to the onset of the cytodifferentiation phase of limb development. As the accumulation of acidic proteoglycan increases in the cartilage matrix and the mesenchymal cells become more round in appearance, the presence of detectable fibronectin decreases and is ultimately seen only in the perichondria and basement membrane. However, predigestion of developed cartilage tissue with testicular hyaluronidase, prior to fibronectin staining, indicated that fibronectin remains a major constituent of cartilage matrix and is apparently masked by cartilage-specific proteoglycans. This study of chick limb development is consistent with the hypothesis that fibronectin may be a molecule that facilitates the spatial organization of cartilaginous primordia cytodifferentiation. PMID- 7031165 TI - Neural crest formation in the head of the mouse embryo as observed using a new histological technique. AB - A histological technique is described which results in the differential staining of neural crest cells. This is used to describe the formation and early migration of crest cells in the head of the mouse embryo. The first indications of crest formation are seen in the midbrain/anterior hindbrain at 3--4 somites where crest cells accumulate in the basal surface of the ectodermal epithelium near the future margin of the neural plate. Shortly thereafter (4--6 somites) these cells disrupt the basal surface of the epithelium and escape as mesenchyme. The apical epithelial cells in this region become the surface ectoderm adjacent to the neural plate. Subsequently, crest is formed from neural plate rather than surface ectoderm. In addition, mesenchyme is formed from presumptive surface ectoderm in a groove in the lateral portion of the fold between the forebrain and the midbrain. By 5--7 somites, crest mesenchyme is formed at all levels of the midbrain, hindbrain, and from the margins of the forebrain adjacent to the optic pits. Because of the bending of the embryonic axis, forebrain crest cells appear to migrate dorsally over the presumptive eye where they are met by ventrally migrating midbrain crest cells. Crest formation continues in the region of the midbrain and hindbrain during, and for an undetermined period after closure of the head folds at between 8 and 16 somites. These results demonstrate differences in the origin and timing of crest formation between chick and mouse. From this may be inferred different patterns of crest migration as well. In addition, the ability to directly observe early crest formation should aid in the analysis of the mechanisms by which epithelial cells are converted into mesenchyme. PMID- 7031166 TI - Secondary lens formation from the cornea following implantation of larval tissues between the inner and outer corneas of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. AB - Secondary lens formation from the cornea of larval Xenopus laevis has been used as a measure of the lens-inducing capacities of various larval Xenopus tissues. The experimental design employed involved implantation of selected body tissues between the inner and outer cornea of stage-50 tadpole eyes, in such a way that the integrity of the inner cornea and eye cup was not disrupted. Implantation of retina, pituitary, limb blastema or limb bud resulted in secondary lens formation from the outer cornea. Such lenses were similar in appearance to stage-5 lens regenerates described by Freeman (1963). No secondary lenses were observed in eyes receiving either heart or hind brain implants or in eyes which underwent corneal separation but which received no implant. It is concluded that the retina is the natural source of a stimulatory factor which initiates and maintains corneal transformation to lens during lens regeneration following lensectomy. Influences emanating from pituitary, limb blastema and limb bud, but apparently not from heart or hind brain, are able to act on cornea in a way similar to the retinal factor. Furthermore, our findings support the contention that in the normal eye, the inner cornea is a barrier to the passage of retinal factor and so maintains the single lens structure of the eye. When this barrier is by-passed by lens-inducing tissue, as in the present experimental design, lens formation from the cornea is able to take place. Electronmicroscopical studies have shown that the inner cornea, in the stage-50 tadpole eye, consists of a dense meshwork of collagen fibrils and a basal layer of cohesive elongated mesenchymal cells well suited for this barrier function. PMID- 7031167 TI - Continuous-suture technique in microvascular end-to-end anastomosis. PMID- 7031168 TI - Heart and spleen twin grafts in rats. II. Delayed host splenectomy. AB - Simultaneous auxiliary transplantation of the spleen has been shown to delay and attenuate the rejection of cardiac grafts in rats. In the experiments reported here, 144 such twin grafts in Lewis and ACI rats were explored in an attempt to determine whether removal of the host's spleen would further facilitate graft survival in this model. Thus, 87 rats were submitted to host splenectomy at various time intervals after implantation of the twin grafts. After considerable technical problems were overcome, it was found that this additional maneuver induced permanent (greater than 5 months) survival in 64% of Lewis-to-ACI twin grafts. The important requirement for this success was timing; delaying host splenectomy for 3 to 5 days after implantation of the twin graft was mandatory. PMID- 7031169 TI - The effects of storage media and perfusion on osteoblast and osteocyte survival in free composite bone grafts. AB - Twenty-two adult mongrel dogs were used to investigate the effects of storage alone and storage and perfusion in 3 different storage media on the survival of osteocytes and osteoblasts in free bone grafts revascularized by microvascular anastomoses. Evaluation of the grafts at 2 weeks demonstrated that storage in chilled (+ 5 degrees C) physiologic saline or Collins-Terasaki solution resulted in greater survival of osteocytes and osteoblasts than did storage in chilled BGJb solution or in room temperature air. No beneficial effect could be detected from perfusing the bone grafts with their storage media. On the contrary, deleterious effects were noted at the sites of the anastomoses, with thromboses of vessels secondary to endothelial damage. PMID- 7031170 TI - A simplified model for heterotopic heart transplantation in rats. PMID- 7031171 TI - Award of the Gabor Szasz Prize for Clinical Enzymology to Theodor Bucher. PMID- 7031172 TI - Nitrofurantoin pulmonary toxicity. AB - An elderly woman taking 50 mg of nitrofurantoin daily for six months for suppression of recurrent urinary tract infections developed increasing dyspnea and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. An open-lung biopsy confirmed diffuse interstitial fibrosis consistent with chronic nitrofurantoin pulmonary reaction. A chronic disabling respiratory illness persists in this person 10 months after discontinuing nitrofurantoin. Nitrofurantoin produces adverse pulmonary reactions more commonly than any other antimicrobial. There is an acute and a chronic form of pulmonary reaction to nitrofurantoin. Each is thought to result from a separate immunologic and/or toxic injury to the lung. Both the acute and chronic form can rarely result in fatal pulmonary reactions. Physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for adverse reaction to nitrofurantoin, particularly in the elderly in whom declining renal function may lead to inadvertent toxic accumulations. Use of alternative antimicrobial agents with higher benefit-to risk ratios for treatment of urinary tract infections should be considered. Persons suffering serious adverse reactions to nitrofurantoin should carry written warnings about reexposure. PMID- 7031173 TI - Children as patients: a communications process study in family practice. AB - To determine how family physicians divide their attention between children and parents, 115 videotaped pediatric encounters of children (aged 4 to 14 years) and parents with family physicians in a family medicine center were analyzed. It was learned that physicians tended to involve children actively in the diagnostic stages of interviews but much less so in discussions of treating or dealing with their problems. Physicians did not alter this pattern as they advanced in training. Older children were more likely to receive direct communication from physicians in all phases of office encounters. Though the family physicians in this sample had more direct communication with children than reported in previous research, it is argued that greater involvement of children in all phases of pediatric visits is warranted. A developmental framework indicates that children gradually evolve their attitudes, concepts, and behaviors around illness and health. Family physicians and family medicine programs are in an excellent position to explore and utilize the practice of actively incorporating a child in a medical interview. PMID- 7031174 TI - A curriculum in practical clinical skills for family medicine residents. AB - The teaching of practical clinical skills to medical students and residents has been traditionally taught on an unstructured basis. This has led to situations in which physicians have been expected to perform manual procedures without adequate prior exposure or instruction. As a result of this perceived deficit in training, a curriculum has been designed to prepare new family medicine residents for some of the procedures they will be expected to perform in their first year of training. These procedures include airway management and endotracheal intubation, orthopedic casting, use of outlet forceps, suturing, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 7031175 TI - Urine screening for drugs by EMIT. PMID- 7031176 TI - [Studies of plasma active and inactive renins in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Part I. Study of plasma renins in normal persons (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031177 TI - Histopathological and immunological studies on kidneys of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7031178 TI - [Cetraxate in duodenal ulcer, a double-blind clinical study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031179 TI - Renal prostaglandin E in normal Chinese adults: its relationship to renin activity, sodium and water excretion. PMID- 7031180 TI - Anti-GBM mediated rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis--a case report. PMID- 7031181 TI - [Studies on plasma active and inactive renins in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Part III. Effect of angiotensin II infusion and albumin infusion on plasma active and inactive renins in patients with nephrotic syndrome. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031182 TI - Entry of rabies virus into the peripheral nerves of mice. AB - Young adult mice were inoculated in the hind limb with rabies virus or Sindbis virus. Rabies 1820B virus antigen was detected in leg sections by immuno fluorescence at 1 h post-inoculation at sites comparable in form and distribution to cholinesterase-positive sites, which represent motor end-plates (MEPs). Sites which were rabies virus antigen-positive by immunofluorescence were also cholinesterase- positive on double-stained slides. Rabies CVS virus detected by autoradiography was similarly distributed at 6 h post-inoculation. Uptake of rabies virus at motor nerve endings was confirmed by the detection of rabies antigen by immunofluorescence in ventral horn cells in the spinal cord at 20 h post-inoculation before involvement of dorsal root ganglia. Rabies virus antigen could not be detected at MEPs if the virus had been inactivated by beta propiolactone or mixed with antibody prior to injection or if the sciatic nerve had been cut 7 days earlier, similarly treated groups of mice survived for the observation period of 6 weeks. Rabies virus antigen was found at MEPs in mice given antibody 24 h before virus injection, but virus antigen was not found in the spinal cord, and mice similarly treated survived. Sindbis virus strain Ar86, which like rabies virus is neurotropic in adult mice, was also found at MEPs and in peripheral nerves by autoradiography at 6 h post-inoculation. In contrast to results with rabies virus-infected mice, stimulation of the sciatic nerve for the first hour post-inoculation prevented mortality. Sindbis virus strain Ar339, which is not neurotropic in adult mice, could not be detected at MEP's by immunofluorescence or autoradiography and mice injected with virus survived. The results presented here suggest that rabies virus and perhaps other neurotropic viruses can use the motor axon terminal at the neuromuscular junction as a site of entry into the nervous system. PMID- 7031183 TI - The first Carmichael Memorial Lecture. Neurophysiology on man. PMID- 7031184 TI - Phenylethylmalonamide in essential tremor. A double-blind controlled study. AB - A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of phenylethylmalonamide, the major metabolite of primidone was performed in eight patients with essential tremor. Phenylethylmalonamide was given in a daily dose of 400 mg for one week and 800 mg for a second week. The compound had no statistically significant effect on the amplitude of tremor assessed by an accelerometric method, tests of performance, clinical evaluation and patient self assessment. No side effects occurred. Serum levels of phenylethylmalonamide on a daily dose of 400 mg were 11 27 micrograms/ml and on 800 mg daily were 16-48.5 micrograms/ml. PMID- 7031185 TI - Speech disorders of Parkinsonism: a review. AB - Study of the speech disorders of Parkinsonism provides a paradigm of the integration of phonation, articulation and language in the production of speech. The initial defect in the untreated patient is a failure to control respiration for the purpose of speech and there follows a forward progression of articulatory symptoms involving larynx, pharynx, tongue and finally lips. There is evidence that the integration of speech production is organised asymmetrically at thalamic level. Experimental or therapeutic lesions in the region of the inferior medial portion of ventro-lateral thalamus may influence the initiation, respiratory control, rate and prosody of speech. Higher language functions may also be involved in thalamic integration: different forms of anomia are reported with pulvinar and ventrolateral thalamic lesions and transient aphasia may follow stereotaxis. The results of treatment with levodopa indicates that neurotransmitter substances enhance the clarity, volume and persistence of phonation and the latency and smoothness of articulation. The improvement of speech performance is not necessarily in phase with locomotor changes. The dose related dyskinetic effects of levodopa, which appear to have a physiological basis in observations previously made in post-encephalitic Parkinsonism, not only influence the prosody of speech with near-mutism, hesitancy and dysfluency but may affect work-finding ability and in instances of excitement (erethism) even involve the association of long-term memory with speech. In future, neurologists will need to examine more closely the role of neurotransmitters in speech production and formulation. PMID- 7031186 TI - Comparative clinical trial of epsilon amino-caproic acid and tranexamic acid in the prevention of early recurrence of subarachnoid haemorrhage. AB - A comparative controlled clinical trial of epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA), 36 g/day and tranexamic acid (TEA), 6 g/day, was undertaken to assess their effectiveness in reducing early recurrence of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Of 90 patients treated with EACA recurrent haemorrhage was seen in 8% of these patients and 7% of the patients developed delayed ischaemic deficit. The total pre-operative mortality in EACA-group was 11%. Of 61 patients treated with TEA, 10% had recurrent haemorrhage and delayed ischaemic deficit occurred in 5% of the patients. The total pre-operative mortality in TEA-group was 11%. No difference was found between the effectiveness and side-effects of these drugs. PMID- 7031187 TI - Metoprolol and propranolol in essential tremor: a double-blind, controlled study. AB - Single oral doses of propranolol (120 mg), metoprolol (150 mg) and placebo were given in a randomised, double-blind fashion to 23 patients with essential tremor. Both beta blockers were significantly more effective than placebo in reducing the magnitude of tremor. The decrease in tremor produced by metoprolol (47, sem 9%, n = 23) was not significantly different from that observed propranolol (55, sem 5%, n = 23). Tachycardia on standing was antagonised by both drugs to a similar extent. These findings suggest that metoprolol may represent a valuable alternative to propranolol in the treatment of essential tremor. The data is consistent with the hypothesis that the tremorolytic effect of beta blockers in these patients may be unrelated to peripheral beta-2 adreno-receptor blockade, being possibly mediated by other central or peripheral modes of action of these drugs. However, it cannot be excluded that at the dose used, metoprolol had lost its relative cardio-selectivity and that the reduction in tremor was mediated by competitive antagonism at beta-2 receptor sites in skeletal muscle. PMID- 7031188 TI - Canine distemper virus infection of weanling mice. Pathogenesis of CNS disease. AB - Intracerebral inoculation of canine distemper virus (CDV) into weanling BALB/c, ICR an SJL mice produced acute encephalitis 2 - 3 weeks later. All animals that became ill exhibited lethargy an hind-limb paralysis followed by death. BALB/c mice were more susceptible to CDV than ICR or SJL mice. Pathologic changes were characterized primarily by meningitis and focal areas of parenchymal inflammation, necrosis and microglial hypertrophy. CDV was readily isolated from infected mouse brain 10 - 23 days after infection, and peak virus titers occurred at the height of neurologic disease 14 - 17 days after infection. CDV antigen was selected by immunofluorescence throughout grey and white matter of the brain and brain stem. CDV was rescued from explanted mouse brain tissue after it could not be isolated from brain homogenates. BALB/c mice which were inoculated intracerebrally with CDV one month after initial virus injection developed meningitis and a non-inflammatory degeneration of white matter. PMID- 7031189 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in an adolescent. AB - A 16-year-old boy was stricken with a progressive neurologic disorder characterized primarily by dementia progressing to severe neurologic debility in 12 months and death 28 months following the first symptoms. Pathologic examination showed a spongiform encephalopathy, consistent witha clinical diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). The noteworthy features of the case are the age of onset, the somewhat prolonged course an the amount of white matter change. These are discussed within the frame of reference of CJD and the spongiform encephalopathies of infancy and childhood. Animal inoculation studies employing post-mortem embalmed brain as inoculum are currently in progress to determine the transmissibility of this patient's disease. PMID- 7031190 TI - Three sets of actin filaments in sensory cells of the inner ear. Identification and functional orientation determined by gel electrophoresis, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. AB - Receptor cells in the ear are mechanically excited through displacement of sensory hairs, stereocilia, in relation to a sub-surface platform, the cuticular plate, into which rootlets of the stereocilia insert. The presence of actin in inner ear sensory organs and receptor cells was established by gel electrophoresis, by labelling with antibodies against actin, and by electron microscopy after decoration with subfragment-1 of myosin. The latter method was used to determine the functional orientation of actin filaments found to be present in the mechanosensitive region of the receptor cells. Actin filaments were demonstrated in the stereocilia and their rootlets, in the cuticular plate and in relation to the zonula adherens surrounding the top of the cell. Filaments which run parallel to the cell surface were found in the cuticular plate and zonula adherens. Some filaments associated with the zonula adherens had a functional orientation opposite to that of more centrally located filaments in the cuticular plate. A structural complex consisting of a solid filament surrounded by actin filaments in hexagonal packing was found in the periphery of the cuticular plate. The possibility is suggested that the central filament is myosin. PMID- 7031191 TI - Distribution of nerve growth factor in chick embryo sympathetic neurons in vitro. AB - The distribution of nerve growth factor (NGF) in chick embryo sympathetic neurons has been followed by two distinct procedures, that is, indirect immunofluorescence microscopy employing purified NGF antibodies and autoradiography after exposure of cells to [125I]NGF. This study shows that NGF bound to sympathetic neurons is not uniformly distributed but appears in spots over the surface of perikarya and along processes. If the same cells, after incubation with NGF and fixation, are treated with methanol-acetone to allow permeation of immunoglobulins across the plasma membrane, NGF antibody immunoreactive material is also found within the cytoplasm and notably in the paranuclear area only in sympathetic neurons. Analogous findings are obtained when sympathetic neurons are incubated in the presence of [125I]NGF, fixed, sectioned and processed for autoradiography. Also with this technique NGF appears to be localized in the cytoplasmic compartment and is found around the nucleus. These studies are discussed in connection with the results of similar experiments performed on a clonal line of NGF target cells known as PC12. PMID- 7031192 TI - Ultrastructural identification of noradrenergic axons and their distribution within the enteric plexuses of the guinea-pig small intestine. PMID- 7031193 TI - A marker for oligodendrocytes and its relation to myelinogenesis: an immunocytochemical study with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis serum and C.N.S. cultures. AB - To investigate a possible marker for oligodendrocytes and its relation to myelinogenesis, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) serum has been used to study C.N.S. cultures from the time of explantation to maturity at 26 days in vitro (DIV). Cultures of foetal mouse spinal cord were exposed for 1 h to heated (complement-inactivated), rabbit anti-bovine white matter (WM-EAE) or control serum, fixed and processed by an immunoperoxidase technique for demonstrating bound immunoglobulin (Ig) by light and electron microscopy. From 5 to 26 DIV, cells morphologically identical to oligodendrocytes displayed binding of Ig to the plasmalemma of the cell body and its processes. At 5 DIV, immunoreactive oligodendrocytes had a large nucleus and nucleolus, prominent Golgi apparatus, and microtubules but no filaments. Occasionally a centriole was present, suggesting an early stage of differentiation. In myelinated cultures (from 11-12 DIV onwards), reaction product was present on the oligodendroglial outer plasmalemma apposed to myelin and along the outer loop. Sometimes it extended into the external mesaxon, outer layer of myelin, inner mesaxon and periaxonal space. No other structures were reactive, and oligodendroglia did not bind control Ig. These findings indicate that WM-EAE serum can be used as a marker for oligodendrocytes in cultures from 5 DIV onwards. The findings that oligodendrocytes acquire the antigen(s) prior to myelination and that the antigen(s) is localized on the plasmalemma of the inner and outer loops of actively myelinating oligodendroglial processes suggest that the antigen(s) may have a role in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelinogenesis. The antigen(s) involved is not yet established, but it is probably not myelin basic protein. This marker should prove useful in studies of C.N.S. development and the demyelinating diseases. PMID- 7031194 TI - Bipolar neurons in rat visual cortex: a combined Golgi-electron microscope study. AB - Golgi-impregnated bipolar neurons in rat visual cortex have been examined by both light and electron microscopy. Bipolar neurons are encountered throughout layers II to V and are recognized by their spindle-shaped cell bodies and vertically elongate, narrow dendritic trees which may traverse the cortex from layer II to layer V. Although a single primary dendrite usually extends from each end of the cell body, two primary dendrites may extend from one pole, usually the lower one, and an additional short dendrite may emerge from one side. In the electron microscope gold-toned Golgi-impregnated neurons are seen to have folded nuclear envelopes and except at the poles of the cell body where the dendrites emerge, the nucleus is surrounded by only a thin rim of cytoplasm. Both the cell body and the dendrites form asymmetric and symmetric synapses. Usually the axon of a bipolar neuron arises from one of the primary dendrites and it soon assumes a vertical orientation, to either descend or ascend through the cortical neuropil. Some bipolar neurons have myelinated axons and only the initial portion is impregnated in Golgi preparations, but when they are unmyelinated the axons can be seen to form vertical plexuses and asymmetric synapses. Most commonly the terminals synapse with dendritic spines, some of which are derived from apical dendrites of pyramidal cells, but other terminals synapse with the shafts of apical dendrites, and with the cell bodies and dendrites of nonpyramidal cells. It is apparent that these bipolar neurons are the cells which others have shown to label specifically with antisera to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and it is suggested that the prime role of these cells in the cerebral cortex is to excite the clusters of pyramidal cells. PMID- 7031195 TI - Structure of the subsynaptic sarcoplasm in the interfolds of the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - After aldehyde fixation of frog muscles, complex organelles, which appear specific to the subsynaptic sarcoplasm, were observed at the neuromuscular junction. These organelles have a cylindrical shape; their diameter ranges generally between 150 and 300 nm, and their length between 500 nm and several micrometres. They are situated between the folds formed by the postsynaptic membrane beneath the nerve terminal branches, and, like these folds and the filament bundles of the interfolds, are orientated perpendicular to the axis of the terminal branches. The organelles are not limited by a membrane, but their cylindrical form is delimited by the interfold filaments which are applied to their surface and which constitute a sort of muff. The majority of the interfolds contain only a single subneural cylinder. On occasion two, three or more may be seen in the same interfold; in this case, the cylinders remain distinct, generally being separated from each other by filaments. Each of these cylinders contain an electron-dense axial strip from which radiate tenuous trabeculae. These trabeculae make contact with the filaments surrounding the cylinder. At both ends the axial strip connects with the plasma membrane. Tubules belonging to the sarcoplasmic reticulum can be seen on the surface of the cylinder: some of these pass through the cylinders, by-passing the axial strip. Several hypotheses concerning the possible functions of these cylinders and of the subneural filaments are discussed. PMID- 7031196 TI - Glycosaminoglycans and proteases of guinea pig basophilic leukocytes. PMID- 7031197 TI - Neutral proteases of the mast cell. PMID- 7031198 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing cells and processes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat: light and electron microscopic analysis. AB - The distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like (VIP) immunoreactivity in neurons and processes within the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the rat was investigated with light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical techniques. These studies utilized well characterized antisera directed to synthetic vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Specificity was established by absorption of the antisera with synthetic vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Neurons and dendrites exhibiting specific VIP immunoreactivity are concentrated in the ventral half of the nucleus, with the greatest concentration of immunoreactive perikarya occurring in the ventral SCN immediately adjacent to and within the optic chiasm (OC). Thin varicose axons containing VIP immunoreactivity are present throughout the SCN. A large number of immunoreactive axons leave the dorsal aspect of the SCN to reach the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus and continue dorsally to form an extensive plexus along the ventral border of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Other immunoreactive axons project upon the contralateral SCN via the OC. Ultrastructurally, VIP-containing neurons in the SCN are characterized by a spherical to slightly elongated soma and an invaginated nucleus that fills the majority of the cell body. In the soma, peroxidase reaction product is localized on the outer membrane of all cellular organelles. The reaction product of immunoreactive boutons is related primarily to vesicles, and some of these boutons establish axodendritic synaptic contacts in the SCN. The demonstration of VIP-containing neurons in the SCN provides further evidence that this nucleus is composed of a heterogeneous population of neurons which form distinct subfields within it. PMID- 7031199 TI - Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on intracranial pressure in dogs with intracranial hypertension. AB - Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is used to improve oxygenation in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Nevertheless, this treatment may increase intracranial pressure (ICP) and be detrimental to certain neurosurgical patients. This clinical situation was simulated by administering PEEP to dogs with normal and elevated ICP. Increases in PEEP increased ICP in all animals. However, the presence of intracranial hypertension diminished the increase in ICP seen at a given level of PEEP. Cerebral perfusion pressure also fell less in the presence of intracranial hypertension than it did in the absence, although in the former situation cerebral perfusion pressure was at the lower limits of the range of cerebral autoregulation. These findings suggest that PEEP is no more detrimental to patients with elevated ICP than it is to patients whose ICP is normal, assuming that their cerebral autoregulation is not impaired. PMID- 7031200 TI - Stereotaxic reconstruction of the aqueduct of Sylvius. AB - A stereotaxic technique has been developed to cannulate the cerebral aqueduct in patients with hydrocephalus resulting from occlusion of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Precise placement of a 15- to 20-mm long radiopaque prosthesis between the third and fourth ventricles can reestablish the normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathway. Since 1974, seven patients have undergone aqueductal reconstruction. The surgical goal in this series was to manage the hydrocephalus by creating and maintaining a patent aqueductal channel. The follow-up period ranged from 1.5 to 6.5 years. In four cases, aqueductal reconstruction alone resulted in control of the hydrocephalus, although two patients underwent revisions of their prosthesis. Three patients ultimately required shunts, despite initial symptomatic improvement after reconstruction. In these seven cases (13 stereotaxic procedures), no mortality and no significant operative morbidity were encountered. Although the technique is relatively simple to perform, technical difficulties remain. At present, no clinical or radiographic test adequately discerns the ideal candidate for stereotaxic aqueductal reconstruction. Four patients required stereotaxic revision because of malposition or malfunction of the prosthesis. This approach should be reserved for patients with a short aqueductal occlusion, and normal distal CSF pathways and dynamics. The rationale, technique, problems, and results of stereotaxic reconstruction are presented. PMID- 7031201 TI - Revival of clinical nuclear medicine brain imaging. PMID- 7031202 TI - Setting priorities for nursing research. PMID- 7031203 TI - Effects of locust bean gum on glucose tolerance, sugar digestion, and gastric motility in rats. AB - Effects of selected undigestible gel-forming complex carbohydrates, including locust bean gum, guar gum, and pectin, on glucose tolerance and food motility were studied in rats. Addition of 2.5% of guar gum or locust bean gum to an oral glucose tolerance test solution significantly altered the postprandial serum glucose response. Although all three complex carbohydrates tested did not reduce the initial rise in serum glucose, locust bean gum and guar gum significantly reduced its subsequent rebound hypoglycemia. Further tests with locust bean gum showed that these effects were dependent on the concentration of the gum added to the test solution or diet. Addition of locust bean gum to test diets reduced the rate of gastric emptying and thus slowed down the passage of food from the stomach into the upper small intestine. The study suggests that addition of locust bean gum to the diet can flatten the postprandial serum glucose curve by slowing the rate of food passage from the stomach into the small intestine. It is probable that locust bean gum and other similar materials may be useful as an adjunct dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus in humans. PMID- 7031204 TI - Clinical evaluation of high copper amalgam restorations. AB - A comprehensive clinical investigation of amalgam restorations was undertaken to evaluate the performance of "high copper' amalgams and the methods used to examine the marginal integrity of restorations. Six alloys, Aristaloy CR (A), Dispersalloy (D), Indiloy (I), an experimental "high copper' amalgam (E), Tytin (T), and New True Dentalloy (N) as a control, were randomly placed by four operators in 435 Class 1 and Class II restorations. Black and white 1 x photographs were taken at baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months and evaluated using the method described by Mahler & Marantz (1979). In addition, the U.S. Public Health Service system (Cvar & Ryge, 1971) was used at each recall. An analysis of variance based on photographic scoring indicated significant differences (P less than 0.05) among alloys at each recall. The use of Duncan's multiple range test resulted in two homogeneous subsets at 18 months: D, I, E and T, N, A. Six and 12 months recall data showed a close similarity in the rank order of the six alloys. The U.S.P.H.S. system showed no statistically significant differences between the alloys using the chi-square test, however, at each recall the rank order was comparable to that obtained with the photographic method. PMID- 7031205 TI - Experimental microleakage around ageing dental amalgam restorations: a review. AB - In vitro and in vivo experimental microleakage around ageing dental amalgam restorations has been reviewed. The methodologies, materials and results were examined and discussed. The initial experimental microleakage which occurred around unlined/unvarnished dental amalgam restorations and the development of leakage around lined/varnished dental amalgam restorations underlines the problem of attaining a permanent effective seal around dental amalgam restorations. The limitations of microleakage studies have been outlined and the importance of an understanding of the chemical changes which occur in the microcrevices stressed. This understanding may facilitate the production of a lifelong successful dental amalgam restoration and perhaps the development of an anticariogenic amalgam type fissure sealant. PMID- 7031206 TI - Propionic acidemia: a clinical update. PMID- 7031207 TI - Factors affecting glycosylated hemoglobin values in children with insulin dependent diabetes. AB - In 477 children with IDD treated by conventional methods, GHb (microcolumn chromatography) and a simultaneous random blood glucose concentration were measured over an 18-month period as indicators of metabolic control (once in 61 children, twice in 99, three or more times in 317). The data were analyzed to assess the effects of patient's age, sex, disease duration, and, in a random subgroup of 273, the number of daily insulin injections and insulin dose (U/kg). The mean +/- SEM percent GHb over this period was 11.8 +/- 0.2% and blood glucose concentration 237 +/- 9 mg/dl. Only seven children (1.4%) had a normal GHb value. There was a highly significant correlation between GHb and both age and blood glucose concentration but not with disease duration greater than one year. The correlation with age was present only in the girls. In 416 children evaluated more than once, with a mean duration between initial and most recent evaluations of 11.3 months, GHb remained within +/- 1% of the initial value in 40.5%, decreased in 32.3%, and increased in 24.2%. These data indicate a closer relationship between metabolic control in children with IDD and age of the child, particularly in females, than with disease duration. In our clinic, using conventional therapeutic methods, the ability to improve control over the short term as measured by changes in percent GHb has been quite limited. This study helps to target those IDD children, especially adolescent girls, requiring a more aggressive therapeutic approach. PMID- 7031208 TI - Comparison of single- and split-dose insulin regimens with 24-hour monitoring. AB - It has been asserted that twice daily injections of mixed insulin provide better blood glucose control than one. To compare the two regimens we conducted a random order, double-crossover trial in ten diabetic children. Each regimen lasted for six weeks, concluding with a hospital evaluation. Control at home was assessed by a urine log and determination of glycosylated hemoglobin. Control in the hospital was assessed with measurements of quantitative urinary glucose, serum lipids, and by 24-hour blood sampling for glucose, C-peptide, and counterregulatory hormones. For the group as a whole, none of the indices of control demonstrated a significant advantage for either regimen. Individually, several children did appear to achieve better control on one regimen than the other. Indices of control at home did not consistently predict control in the hospital. In the hospital, the largest increases in glucose concentration followed breakfast (mean rise 148 mg/dl), and standardized exercise invariably reduced plasma glucose values (mean decrement 60 mg/dl). C-Peptide concentrations were low, but higher values were associated with better control. Although a split insulin regimen may improve metabolic control in some patients, this study did not demonstrate a substantial advantage for the majority of subjects over the short period of the trials. PMID- 7031209 TI - Plasma free insulin concentrations: keystone to effective management of diabetes mellitus in children. AB - In patients with insulin-dependent diabetes, the therapeutic effect of prescribed insulin is routinely judged by the response of the blood glucose concentration. Measurement of both free and bound circulating insulin indicates that neither total nor free insulin concentrations correlate with the prescribed insulin dose. Errors of insulin administration may account for this discrepancy. Free insulin rather than total insulin values determine the plasma glucose concentration and the degree of long-term glycemic control as reflected by levels of hemoglobin A1C. Diabetic ketosis and ketoacidosis are strongly associated with absence of free-circulating insulin. Knowledge of plasma-free insulin values is useful in the management of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7031210 TI - Protective efficacy of a modified immune serum globulin in experimental group B streptococcal infection. AB - In spite of aggressive antimicrobial therapy and extensive support measures, the mortality rate in early-onset group B streptococcal infection continues to be exceedingly high. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that passive immunotherapy with fresh whole blood containing opsonic antibody-improved survival in human neonates with group B disease. Transfusion of whole blood, plasma, or other blood products has a number of drawbacks, however. In the present study, we have evaluated immune serum globulin and a preparation of ISG modified for intravenous use for levels of type-specific antibody, opsonic activity, and protective efficacy against type Ia, II, and III group B streptococci. Type-specific antibody was detected in most of the preparations tested. In general, the level in MISG was less than that in the comparison ISG lot. Opsonic activity was also detected in these preparations against the more antibody-sensitive group B strains but was not present for opsonin resistant strains of type Ia, II, and III. Both ISG and MISG provided protection in neonatal rats infected with group B streptococci; in most cases MISG was more efficacious than the ISG from which it was made. These studies suggest that passive immunotherapy with MISG may be a valuable adjunct to current regimens used in the management of early-onset group B disease. This would be especially so if donors could be selected whose serum or plasma contained high levels of opsonic and protective activity against both antibody-sensitive and antibody resistant group B strains. PMID- 7031211 TI - Management of juvenile diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7031212 TI - Lack of stimulation of isohemagglutinin antibodies by immunization with group B streptococcal (type III) vaccine. PMID- 7031213 TI - Recurrent infection associated with penicillin-tolerant group B streptococci: a report of two cases. PMID- 7031214 TI - Group G streptococcal colonization and sepsis in neonates. AB - Group G streptococci were isolated from the blood of seven neonates over a five year period at the New York Hospital. All but two were born near term. All presented clinically with signs and symptoms of neonatal sepsis. Only one case was associated with a major complication--epidermolysis bullosa; this patient died. Two presented as late-onset sepsis at 11 and 12 days of age. Six of the seven responded promptly to antibiotic therapy. A one-year survey was carried out of colonization with groups B and G streptococci at the time of discharge (day 3). Colonization with group G streptococci varied between 41 and 76% of babies each month. Group B streptococcal colonization ranged between 1 and 11%. Statistical analysis suggested that colonization with these organisms may be a mutually exclusive phenomenon. PMID- 7031215 TI - Three-day therapy of lower urinary tract infections with nitrofurantoin macrocrystals: a randomized clinical trial. AB - Forty-nine girls between the ages of 2 and 18 years with a symptomatic urinary tract infection documented by two clean-catch urine cultures completed a double blind study comparing the effectiveness of three days versus ten days of nitrofurantoin macrocrystal therapy. Localization of the infection to the lower urinary tract was presumed on the basis of clinical presentation. All patients had sterile urine on day two or three of therapy. In the ten-day group, two of 23 patients (8.7%) experienced a single relapse, and seven patients (30%) had 12 episodes of reinfection during a six-month follow-up. In the three-day group, two of 26 patients (7.7%) had a single relapse, and six patients (23%) had 12 episodes of reinfection. The rates of relapse and reinfection in the compared groups were not statistically significantly different (P greater than 0.05). Three days of treatment with nitrofurantoin macrocrystals is an effective regimen for symptomatic girls presumed to have uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections. PMID- 7031216 TI - Single-dose amoxicillin treatment of urinary tract infections. PMID- 7031217 TI - Three-day antimicrobial therapy of urinary tract infection. PMID- 7031218 TI - The posterior approach for bilateral nephrectomies in children with end-stage renal failure. AB - The posterior approach for bilateral nephrectomies in preparation for renal transplantation has not been previously described in children. Thirteen cases are presented. Ileus was strikingly absent in all cases. Morbidity was minimal. This approach is recommended in preference to subcostal or transperitoneal procedures for bilateral nephrectomies in selected children. PMID- 7031219 TI - Menetrier's disease in childhood: report of two cases and a review of the literature. AB - Two new cases plus 13 previously reported cases of Menetrier's disease in childhood are reviewed. The most common features of this illness are severe upper gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, hematemesis) followed by the onset of generalized edema and ascites. Significant laboratory findings include hypoalbuminemia, eosinophilia, and anemia. Gastrointestinal protein loss and decreased gastric acid secretion can be documented. Upper gastrointestinal radiographs demonstrate the characteristic hypertrophic gastric rugae. Histologic features include hypertrophic tortuous gastric glands, basilar cysts, and interstitial round cell inflammation. The natural course of this disease in childhood is usually benign and self-limited. Uncommonly, the course may be severe and require gastric resection. This is in contrast to the adult form, where chronicity and severity is the rule. The etiology of this problem remains unknown. Endoscopy and biopsy are the diagnostic procedures of choice, although laparotomy may be necessary in equivocal cases. Therapy should be supportive except for those few patients who require surgery to control hemorrhage. PMID- 7031220 TI - The megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome: report of a case. AB - An infant girl with the megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome is reported. The presence of polyhydramnios and the absence of upper urinary tract abnormalities, differentiate this patient from similar cases previously reported. Although the etiology of this disease is unknown, partial success with the use of bethanechol suggests that the deranged intestinal motility may be related to dysfunction of the autonomic nerve endings of the gut. PMID- 7031221 TI - Structure-activity relationships of phenethylamine hallucinogens. PMID- 7031222 TI - Absorption and bioavailability of captopril in mice and rats after administration by gavage and in the diet. AB - The absorption of captopril (I), a new antihypertensive agent, was studied in mice and rats at doses (50 and 1350 mg/kg) administered in the diet in chronic toxicological studies. 3H- or 35S-Labeled I was administered by gavage and in the diet to male and female animals in a two-way crossover study. Animals received daily doses of nonradiolabeled I in the diet for 25 days, except on Days 15 and 22 when radiolabeled I was administered either by gavage or in the diet. Absorption of the total radioactivity in 2-month-old mice averaged 49 and 48%, respectively, of the 50- and 1350-mg/kg doses given in the diet and 57 and 65%, respectively, of the doses given by gavage. The bioavailability of I in 2-month old mice averaged 48 and 39% (diet) and 44 and 59% (gavage) of the 50- and 1350 mg/kg doses, respectively. In 2-month-old rats, absorption of the total radioactivity averaged 41% of the 50-mg/kg dose given in the diet. In 2- and 15 month-old rats, minimum absorption of the 1350-mg/kg dose averaged 36 and 45% (diet) and 51 and 71% (gavage), respectively; the minimum bioavailability averaged 20 and 29% (diet) and 39 and 44% (gavage), respectively. These studies demonstrate adequate absorption and bioavailability of I over a wide range of doses from the drug-diet mixtures and by young and old animals and also illustrate a useful experimental design for the estimation of relative oral absorption of a drug administered continuously in the diet over several days. PMID- 7031223 TI - Circulating dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in the rat: importance of altered disposal pathways in experimental diabetes. AB - Circulatory dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was increased as much as 6 fold in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. The increased enzymatic activity correlated with increased DBH protein as assessed by neutralization with homologous antiserum. The high levels of circulating DBH activity induced by streptozotocin was associated with a markedly slowed disappearance of enzyme activity after the i.v. injection of exogenous bovine DBH or exogenous rat DBH. Treatment of streptozotocin-treated rats with insulin prevented the increase in circulating DBH activity and reduced the initial half time of disappearance of bovine DBH in a dose-related manner; the correlation between the initial half-time of disappearance of the bovine enzyme and the circulating DBH activity level was strongly positive. These results indicate that a reduction in the metabolic clearance rate of circulating DBH is a major factor accounting for the increase in serum DBH activity in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. PMID- 7031224 TI - Pancreatic endocrine responses to exogenous neurotensin in the conscious calf. AB - 1. Responses to neurotensin have been investigated in conscious calves 2-5 weeks after birth given continuous I.V. infusions of the peptide for 15 min (5 pmol. kg 1 . min-1). 2. In control calves the concentration of the peptide in the arterial plasma had risen by 160 +/- 10 pmol/l at the end of the infusion,. after which it fell exponentially (t1/2: 1.4 min). 3. This dose of neurotensin produced no significant change in mean heart rate, aortic blood pressure, plasma gastrin or glucose concentration. 4. It was found that neurotensin could produce a pronounced rise in the concentration of both insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in the arterial plasma, together with a much smaller rise in pancreatic glucagon concentration. 5. Each of these three pancreatic endocrine responses was found to be glucose-sensitive within the range ca. 5.0-9.0 mmol/l. Hyperglycaemia potentiated insulin release and inhibited release of PP and glucagon. 6. The results are discussed in relation to the findings of other workers in other species. PMID- 7031225 TI - Effects of anorexigenic peptide on gastric and pancreatic secretion. AB - 1. Gastric and pancreatic secretion as well as serum gastrin an insulin levels have been measured after sham-feeding, real feeding or exogenous hormonal stimulation in conscious dogs receiving (pyro) Glu-His-Gly, an appetite depressing peptide (AP). 2. Sham-feeding produced a marked increase in gastric acid and pepsin outputs accompanied by an elevation of serum gastrin and insulin concentrations. AP infusion before and after sham-feeding reduced the peak gastric secretion and suppressed gastrin and insulin responses to sham-feeding. 3. Liver extract meal administered into the stomach resulted in an increase in gastric acid and serum gastrin and insulin levels. AP inhibited acid response to liver extract without affecting serum hormonal levels. Pentagastrin stimulation produced similar acid secretion to that obtained with liver extract and AP infusion also inhibited this secretion. 4. Secretin infusion or feeding a meat meal produced a similar rate of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion in dogs with chronic pancreatic fistula. AP infusion inhibited the bicarbonate response to feeding or secretin without affecting serum gastrin or insulin levels. 5. This study demonstrates that pyro-Glo-His-Gly suppresses serum hormonal and gastric secretory response to cephalic stimulation and reduces gastrin and pancreatic secretory responses to ordinary feeding or exogenous hormonal stimuli. PMID- 7031226 TI - Developmental changes in pancreatic endocrine function in the young calf. AB - 1. Pancreatic endocrine responses to 2-deoxyglucose (1.2 mmol/kg I.V.) known to be mediated via the autonomic innervation, have been investigated in calves 24 h after birth and the results compared with those obtained previously in older calves (Bloom, Edwards & Hardy, 1978). 2. Neurally mediated insulin release was found to be defective in the calf at 24 h, whereas the capacity to release both pancreatic glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in response to 2-deoxyglucose appears to be fully developed at this age. 3. Both the release of glucagon and of PP from the pancreas which occurred under these conditions were suppressed by I.V. infusions of glucose (17 mumol . kg-1 . min-1) which raised the arterial plasma glucose concentration of unsuckled 24-h-old calves to the level normally encountered in suckled calves of the same age. 4. Closely similar changes in the haematocrit and plasma cortisol concentration occurred in both suckled and unsuckled 24-h-old calves in response to 2-deoxyglucose, suggesting that the intensity of the stimulus to the brain was equipotent and that glucose inhibits the release of glucagon and PP by a direct action on the alpha and PP cells respectively. 5. closely similar changes in plasma PP concentration were observed in suckled and unsuckled 24-h-old calves in response to 2-deoxyglucose, in spite of the higher plasma glucose concentration in the former group. It is concluded that the PP response is potentiated by some unidentified factor in suckled calves. PMID- 7031227 TI - The role of the parasympathetic system in the control of insulin release in the conscious calf. AB - 1. The effect of atropine (0.2 mg/kg) on the release of insulin from the pancreas, in response to both exogenous and endogenous hyperglycaemia, has been investigated in conscious 2- to 5-week-old calves. 2 The rise in mean plasma insulin concentration in response to infusions of glucose, which raised the concentration of glucose in the plasma by about 4.0 mmol/l, was significantly depressed in calves with cut splanchnic nerves by prior administration of atropine. 3. The rise in plasma insulin concentration, which normally follows stimulation of the splanchnic nerves in the conscious calf (Bloom & Edwards, 1980), was almost completely suppressed by prior administration of atropine. 4. These findings are discussed in relation to those of other workers with other species. The results indicate that the parasympathetic innervation to the pancreas plays an important part in the control of insulin release in response to hyperglycaemia. PMID- 7031228 TI - Regulation of 86Rb outflow from pancreatic islets: the dual effect of nutrient secretagogues. AB - 1. An increase in the concentration of extracellular D-glucose from zero to 1.7 mM or more (up to 16.7 mM) causes a rapid and sustained decrease in 86Rb fractional outflow rate (FOR) from prelabelled and perifused pancreatic rat islets. The 86Rb FOR also decreases when the concentration of D-glucose is raised from 1.7 mM or more (up to 5.6 mM) to higher values not exceeding 8.3 mM. 2. However, when the glucose concentration is raised from 8.3 mM (or 11.1 mM) to higher values, no decrease in 86Rb FOR is observed and, instead, a transient increase in 86Rb FOR now takes place. 3. Such a dual effect on 86Rb FOR is also observed when alpha-ketoisocaproic acid is used as the nutrient secretagogue or when the latter keto acid is used in combination with D-glucose. 4. The transient increase in 86Rb FOR evoked by D-glucose in islets already exposed to alpha ketoisocaproate is abolished by mannoheptulose, suggesting that it depends on the integrity of glucose metabolism. 5. The transient increase in 86Rb FOR evoked, under suitable experimental conditions, by D-glucose of alpha-ketoisocaproate is abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ and mimicked by theophylline and tolbutamide, suggesting that it is attributable to an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. The latter view is supported by the fact that the increase in 86Rb FOR coincides with an increase in 45Ca FOR, provided that Ca2+ is not removed from the extracellular medium. 6. It is concluded that, in contrast to the situation found when the concentration of the nutrient secretagogue is increased from a non-insulinotropic to a higher value, the stimulation of Ca2+ entry into islet cells and the subsequent increase in insulin secretion evoked by D-glucose or alpha-ketoisocaproate when the concentration of these nutrients is increased from intermediate (8.3-10.0 mM) to higher values is not attributable to a decrease in K+ conductance. PMID- 7031229 TI - Calcium dependency of the inhibitory effect of antidiuretic hormone on in vitro renin secretion in rats. AB - 1. Synthetic arginine-vasopressin (ADH or antidiuretic hormone) inhibited renin secretory rate of rat renal cortical slices. The response was concentration dependent and was maximal at 0.1 U . ml.-1. 2. Ca depletion (incubation of slices in medium containing Na2EGTA and no added CaCl2) stimulated renin secretion and eventually abolished the inhibitory effect of ADH. Both these effects were reversible. 3. The Ca antagonist D-600, at 0.5 microM, reversed the inhibitory effect of K depolarization on secretory rate but had no effect on secretory rate on on-depolarized slices. In the presence of 0.5 microM-D-600, ADH inhibited the secretory rate of either depolarized or non-depolarized slices. 4. These results confirm and extend previous observations suggesting that Ca plays an inhibitory coupling role in the control of renin secretion. Moreover they suggest that although Ca influx through voltage-sensitive Ca channels influences the secretory activity of juxtaglomerular cells, ADH activates an independent pathway for Ca mobilization. PMID- 7031230 TI - Pancreatic endocrine responses to stimulation of the peripheral ends of the vagus nerves in conscious calves. AB - 1. The effects of stimulation of the peripheral ends of both vagus nerves below the heart (10 Hz for 10 min) were investigated in conscious calves 2-5 weeks after birth. 2. Stimulation was invariably below behavioural threshold and caused a prompt increase in the concentrations of pancreatic glucagon, insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in the arterial plasma. Each of these responses was blocked by pretreatment with atropine (0.2 mg/kg). 3. Administration of exogenous glucose by continuous I.V. infusion (ca. 0.08 mmol kg-1 min-1) greatly enhanced the release of insulin in response to vagal stimulation without significantly changing that of pancreatic glucagon or PP. 4. Vagal stimulation also caused a significant rise in the concentration of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the intestinal lymph and this response was found to persist in the presence of atropine. PMID- 7031231 TI - Kinetics of the disappearance of endogenous plasma renin following nephrectomy in pregnant and non-pregnant rats. AB - 1. Plasma renin concentration was higher in pregnant rats than in non-pregnant female controls (43 +/- 5 vs. 12 +/- 1 ng/ml. per hr); 24 hr post partum, it was 8 +/- 2 ng/ml. per hr. 2. Twenty-four hours after bilateral nephrectomy, plasma renin concentrations in pregnant and non-pregnant rats were not significantly different from zero; the uterine venous minus arterial value in nephrectomized pregnant rts was not significantly different from zero either, and was not increased by haemorrhage. These observations suggest that neither the pregnant uterus nor any other extrarenal site of renin storage contributes to the elevated plasma renin concentration. 3. The disappearance of plasma renin following bilateral nephrectomy was resolved into fast and slow components. The half-time of the slow component, which is considered to reflect the metabolic clearance of renin was significantly higher in pregnant rats than in controls. It is concluded that the plasma renin concentration is elevated, at least in part, because of a decreased metabolic clearance of renin during pregnancy. PMID- 7031232 TI - Characterization of populations of promastigotes of Leishmania donovani. AB - Promastigotes of Leishmania donovani cultured for either 3 or 10 days in vitro and inoculated intracardially into golden hamsters with an equal number of organisms from either population showed a 7-fold difference in infectivity when compared at both 10 and 16 days post-infection. Reproducible histochemical staining for the promastigote enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and peptidase after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed two isoelectric variants of G6PDH (Bands 1 and 2) that displayed a 45% decrease (Band 1) and a 60% increase (Band 2) in total activity when 3- and 10-day-old promastigotes were compared. Peptidase activity, present in a single band, increased 7-fold in 10 day-old promastigotes. A decrease in the lectin-induced agglutination of promastigotes by castor bean agglutinin (RCA60), specific for D-galactose and N acetyl-D-galactosamine, was seen when 3- and 10-day-old promastigotes are compared. Antisera raised against sonicated 10-day-old promastigotes showed a unique precipitin band between the antiserum and sonicated 10-day-old promastigotes not found between the antiserum and sonicated 3-day-old promastigotes. PMID- 7031233 TI - Phagocytosis of Trypanosoma cruzi by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Phagocytosis of culture forms of Trypanosoma cruzi was assayed by a radioisotopic method. Purified polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were mixed with 3H-uridine labeled T. cruzi epimastigotes in the presence or absence of anti-T. cruzi antibodies. The reaction was stopped by adding N-ethyl-maleimide, and noningested parasites were lysed by complement. The percentage of radioactivity incorporated into the PMN pellet was recorded. The phagocytosis reaction was rapid, yielding maximum incorporation at 30 min at which point the radioactivity associated with the PMN cells decreased through release of the isotope to the supernatant. The degree of incorporation of radio-labeled parasites was a function of the effector/target cell ratio and the antibody concentration. The method is suitable for the quantitative determination of phagocytosis of T. cruzi by normal PMN. PMID- 7031235 TI - Marital bacterial urinary infection in men. PMID- 7031234 TI - Sir David James Hamilton Dickson, MD (1780-1850). PMID- 7031236 TI - Obituary: Brigadier Sir John Boyd. PMID- 7031237 TI - Leg ulcers in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. AB - Compared to today, ulceration of the legs was much more common in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and occurred in much younger people. The evidence for this, based mainly on the records of the hospitals, the dispensaries and medical records of the navy and army, is discussed. It is likely that the underlying pathology was much more varied in the past, with the possibility that ascorbic acid deficiency played a significant part in the high frequency of leg ulcers. PMID- 7031238 TI - The interrelationship between the catecholamines, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and the cardiovascular system. Vasomotor instability. PMID- 7031239 TI - The Mexican plant zoapatle (Montanoa tomentosa) in reproductive medicine. Past, present and future. PMID- 7031240 TI - Altered HLA antibody absorption capacity of lymphoblastoid cells persistently infected with measles virus. PMID- 7031241 TI - Passive protection against X-irradiation with serum from zymosan-primed and endotoxin-injected mice. PMID- 7031242 TI - Relapsing polychondritis - pathogenic role of anti-native collagen type II antibodies. A case report with immunological and pathological studies. AB - A patient with relapsing polychondritis and Sjogren's syndrome is reported. Diagnosis was confirmed by ear cartilage biopsy. Antibodies against rat costal cartilage were present in the patient's serum. Antinative collagen type II antibodies were detected using a passive hemagglutination technique and the titer grossly correlated with the clinical course. Direct immunofluorescence using the patient's ear cartilage as a target suggested that anti-collagen antibodies might play a major pathogenic role in the course of relapsing polychondritis. PMID- 7031243 TI - A quantitative immunofluorescence assay for IgM rheumatoid factor. AB - A quantitative immunofluorescence assay for IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) has been developed using the FIAX fluorometer. Two hundred and six (206) patient serum samples submitted for RF or antinuclear antibody testing were assayed by the fluorometric method and by the sheep cell slide agglutination test (Rheumaton, Wampole Laboratories) currently used in our clinical laboratory. There was an overall agreement of 95.1% between the 2 methods. The fluorometric RF assay is simple, sensitive, reproducible, and does not suffer from the subjectivity present in slide agglutination tests. PMID- 7031244 TI - Reiter's disease and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection. PMID- 7031245 TI - Endemic enteric disease in vervet monkeys. AB - Comprehensive bacteriological investigation indicates Shigellae as the probable aetiological bacteria in one endemic enteric disease situation. One species and four serotypes have been detected. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity spectra have been determined. Epidemiology, pathology and pathogenesis in relation to the experimental animal situation and experimental results are considered. A rationale for treatment and control is suggested. PMID- 7031246 TI - [The absorption of antimicrobial substances from the uterus of the cow]. AB - The influence of antimicrobial administration into the uterus of the cow are considered under 3 headings: (i) The influence on the oestrus cycle; (ii) The factors that may influence absorption through the endometrium; (iii) Contamination of milk with antimicrobial substances after intra-uterine administration. PMID- 7031247 TI - Inhibition of human acrosin by monosaccharides and related compounds: structure activity relationships. PMID- 7031248 TI - Synthesis of some novel amodiaquine analogues as potential antimalarial and antifilarial compounds. AB - Ten amodiaquine analogues, which are hybridized molecules of amodiaquine and diethylcarbamazine, were designed and synthesized. Six analogues, all bearing a basic tertiary amino function at their side chain, were active against Plasmodium berghei in mice and inhibited the mobility of adult worms and microfilariae of Breinlia booliati in vitro. They were inactive against Litomosoides carinii in Mastomys natalensis. The most active antimalarial compound, 7-chloro-4-[alpha-[[N (4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)carbonyl]amino]-4-hydroxy-m-toluidino]quinoline, had twice the activity of amodiaquine. O-Methylation and N-ethylation generally reduced antimalarial activity. Analogues which lack a basic tertiary amino function at their side chain were also lacking in both antimalarial and antifilarial activities. PMID- 7031249 TI - Transferable plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance in Bacteroides. AB - Plasmid-mediated resistance to chloramphenicol (Chlr), erythromycin (Eryr), tetracycline (Tetr) and clindamycin (Clindr) was transferred from three clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis and one faecal isolate of B. thetaiotaomicron to strains of B. fragilis, B. distasonis and Escherichia coli, and subsequently to B. fragilis and E. coli second-and third-stage recipients in series. Successful transfer was achieved by membrane-filter and centrifugation techniques that provide stable cell-to-cell contact but not by simple mixed broth culture. Chlr Eryr Tetr and Clindr Eryr were transferred at high frequency (1.9 x 10(-3)-1.8 x 10(-4)) but Tetr was transferred at low frequencies (1-1.6 x 10(-6)). Segregation of resistance markers was observed with selection for Tetr when donors were Chlr Eryr Tetr and Chlr Tetr. All transcipients were identical with the parent recipient strains but had the resistance markers of the donor strains. Resistance to antibiotics other than tetracycline was cured by growth with subinhibitory concentrations of aminoacridines and ethidium bromide for 24 h; cure of solitary Tetr required longer incubation (21 days). Identical plasmid DNA bands were demonstrated by agarose-gel electrophoresis in all the donor and corresponding transcipient strains but plasmids were not found in the recipient strains or in strains cured of resistance. Plasmid-mediated transferable antiobiotic resistance in Bacteroides spp. may compromise the treatment of infections and may provide a reservoir of antibiotic resistance in the intestinal flora. PMID- 7031250 TI - Escherichia coli antibodies in opsonisation and protection against infection. AB - The opsonic and protective capacities of rabbit antisera against Escherichia coli O, K and core-glycolipid cell-wall antigens were compared with specific antibody titres as measured by agglutination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-O antisera were opsonic and protective against two noncapsulate strains. Only anti K antisera were opsonic and protective against a K-antigen-containing strain. In a mouse model anti-core-glycolipid antiserum was not protective against challenge even by a strain bearing only core glycolipid. PMID- 7031252 TI - The ability of strains of Klebsiella aerogenes to survive on the hands. AB - The ability of Klebsiella aerogenes strains isolated from outbreaks of infection, from sporadic infections and from the environment to survive on hands were compared. Considered as groups, the outbreak strains survived best and the environmental strains least well. The possible importance of these observations in relation to outbreaks of Klebsiella infection in hospitals and to heterogeneity of pathogenic potential and transmissibility in Klebsiella aerogenes is discussed. PMID- 7031251 TI - Acquired immunity against mouse typhoid: genetic restriction and comparative efficacy of ribosomal and conventional vaccines. AB - Strains of mice immunised with a ribosomal preparation of Salmonella typhimurium varied in their ability to survive an intraperitoneal challenge of virulent S. typhimurium. Immunised nude (nu/nu), heterozygous (nu/+) mice, strain C57Bl/6J and strain CBA/J succumbed to lethal infection whereas strains C3D2F1/J, B6D2F1/J and A/J, and Swiss mice were fully protected. Strains DBA/2J and C3H/HeJ were partially protected. Enumeration of the systemic bacterial population after challenge with S. typhimurium indicated that all immunised mouse strains were able to reduce the infectious load. S. typhimurium was rapidly inactivated in the peritoneal cavity of immunised mice, effectively reducing the challenge and thereby limiting the number of organisms available to seed the systemic circulation. This response was also obtained in immunised athymic mice and was therefore attributed to a T-cell independent antibody response. Organisms that escaped destruction in the peritoneal cavity multiplied rapidly in the reticuloendothelial organs. Only mice from strains genetically capable of developing an effective cell-mediated immune response to the antigenic stimulus provided by the challenge organism itself survived infection. The efficacy of ribosomal immunisation was compared with immunisation by heat-killed bacteria, viable attenuated and viable virulent organisms by enumeration of the systemic bacterial population after intravenous challenge with S. typhimurium. Vaccination with ribosomal preparations or heat-killed organisms provided limited protection whereas immunity provided by viable organisms was far superior. PMID- 7031253 TI - Enhancement of gas production in a strain of Shigella flexneri serotype 6 by R plasmids. AB - The introduction of four different R plasmids into an aerogenic strain of Shigella flexneri serotype 6 resulted in changes in the amount of gas produced and in the range of carbohydrates from which this occurred. The possible causes of these changes and their implications for bacterial identification are discussed. PMID- 7031254 TI - Serotyping and bacteriophage typing of human and bovine group-B streptococci. PMID- 7031255 TI - The effect of body temperature and cell-mediated immunity on the growth of Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium leprae in mice. AB - Evidence is presented that the high susceptibility of armadillos to infection with Mycobacterium leprae cannot be explained solely in terms of body temperature because mutant mice maintained with a body temperature similar to that of armadillos do not become heavily infected with M. leprae. The depression of cell mediated immunity accompanying the low body temperature is not sufficient to produce an overwhelming infection. The results obtained with M. marinum suggest that whereas lack of cell-mediated immunity or a low body temperature result in a moderately enhanced infection in the mouse a combination of both of these factors is required to produce an overwhelming infection involving the internal organs. PMID- 7031256 TI - The president speaking: reaching goals through political action. PMID- 7031257 TI - Control of cell type in yeast by the mating type locus. The alpha 1-alpha 2 hypothesis. PMID- 7031258 TI - Misreading of the ribosomal suppressor SUP46 due to an altered 40 S subunit in yeast. PMID- 7031259 TI - Altered ribosomal protein S11 from the SUP46 suppressor of yeast. PMID- 7031260 TI - Chemical and genetic studies on L-histidinol dehydrogenase of Salmonella typhimurium. Isolation and structure of the tryptic peptides. PMID- 7031261 TI - Preliminary x-ray data for the galactose binding protein from Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7031262 TI - Regulation of the genes for proline utilization in Salmonella typhimurium: autogenous repression by the putA gene product. PMID- 7031263 TI - A positive regulatory gene is required for accumulation of the functional messenger RNA for the glucose-repressible alcohol dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7031264 TI - Improvement of the 2.5 A resolution model of cytochrome b562 by redetermining the primary structure and using molecular graphics. PMID- 7031265 TI - Restricted wobble in UGA codon recognition by glycine tRNA suppressors of UGG. PMID- 7031266 TI - Identification of araC protein and two-dimensional gels, its in vivo instability and normal level. PMID- 7031267 TI - Comparison of proteolytic cleavage patterns of alpha-tubulins and beta-tubulins from taxonomically distant species. PMID- 7031268 TI - Analysis in vivo of translational mutants of the rIIB cistron of bacteriophage T4. PMID- 7031269 TI - The subunit interface of the Escherichia coli ribosome. Identification of proteins at the interface between the 30 S and 50 S subunits by crosslinking with 2-iminothiolane. PMID- 7031270 TI - Cross-bridge movement and the conformational state of the myosin hinge in skeletal muscle. PMID- 7031271 TI - DNA ligase is required for encapsidation of bacteriophage T4 DNA. PMID- 7031272 TI - Electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction of a hexagonal net of light meromyosin. PMID- 7031273 TI - Endogenous lectins in chickens and slime molds: transfer from intracellular to extracellular sites. AB - Endogenous lectins in both cellular slime molds and chicken tissues have been localized primarily intracellularly, in contrast with the predominantly extracellular localization of the glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans with which they might interact. Here we present evidence that lectins in both of these organisms may be externalized and become associated with the cell surface and/or extracellular materials. In chicken intestine, chicken lactose-lectin-II is shown to be localized in the secretory granules of the goblet cells, along with mucin, and to be secreted onto the intestinal surface. In embryonic muscle, chicken-lactose-lectin-I is shown to be externalized with differentiation, ultimately becoming localized on the surface of myotubes and in the extracellular spaces. In a cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium purpureum, externalization of lectin is elicited by either polyvalent glycoproteins that bind the small amount of endogenous cell surface lectin, or by slime mold or plant lectins that bind unoccupied complementary cell surface oligosaccharides. These results suggest that externalization of endogenous lectin may be a response to specific external signals. We conclude that lectins are frequently held in intracellular reserves awaiting release for specific external functions. PMID- 7031274 TI - Monoclonal antibody covalently coupled to liposomes: specific targeting to cells. AB - We have evaluated optimal conditions for coupling monoclonal antibody to small unilamellar liposomes. Coupling of an IgG2 alpha monoclonal anti-beta 2 microglobulin antibody, which reacts with human cells, was examined in detail. Liposomes were composed of dipalmitoyl lecithin and cholesterol, and variable quantities of phosphatidylethanolamine substituted with the heterobifunctional cross-linking reagent N-hydroxysuccinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP). They were reacted with antibody derivatized with the same reagent at a 5- to 20-fold molar excess, and activated by mild reduction. This degree of SPDP modification had no effect on the capacity of the antibody to bind to its target antigen. More than 40% of antibody could be reproducibly bound to liposomes, resulting in the coupling of from 1 to 10 antibody molecules per liposome (mean diameter:580 A). The coupling reaction did not lead to loss of carboxyfluorescein encapsulated within liposomes. At least 80% of liposomes carried nondenatured antibody, as confirmed by precipitation of liposomes and encapsulated carboxyfluorescein by Staphylococcus aureus, strain Cowan I. The liposome-coupled antibody retained its immunological specificity: only cells expressing human beta 2-microglobulin bound liposomes in vitro, and the binding was inhibited by the free antibody in solution. Results with antibodies of different antigens specificity confirm that the technique can be generally applied. PMID- 7031275 TI - Modulation of one of three murine bone marrow stromal cell lines to adipose cells by serum and insulin. PMID- 7031276 TI - Man, the slow learner. PMID- 7031277 TI - Breast cancer: pros and cons of conservative vs aggressive management. AB - Cancer of the breast is the leading type of cancer in women in the United States (28 percent), and the leading cause of death from cancer in women (20 percent). More than half of the cases of breast cancer can be anticipated to exhibit recurrent disease. Most deaths occur within five years of discovery. There has been a minimum reduction in the mortality rate in the past 35 years. This failure is due to microemboli that spread via both the lymphatic and vascular systems in the early predetection state of the primary lesion. In Stage I and Stage II disease, modified radical mastectomy is the treatment of choice. In Stage III disease, radical mastectomy gives a higher incidence of local control of the disease without an increased chance of survival. Adjuvant chemotherapy offers a definite improvement in survival rates. PMID- 7031278 TI - Isolations of Salmonella from wild turkeys in Florida. PMID- 7031279 TI - Robert M. Zollinger, MD: Ohio's natural hormone. PMID- 7031280 TI - Gene therapy. PMID- 7031281 TI - Werner Korte. PMID- 7031282 TI - New findings in diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 7031283 TI - Lasker awards honor old and new research. PMID- 7031284 TI - Childhood myocarditis associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection. AB - Paired serum samples from six children with mild to fatal myocarditis have been studied in the microimmunofluorescence test for antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis. Two patients with other known causes of myocarditis had no antibodies. The other four patients each had C trachomatis antibody. Two had high titer rises, and two with onset one to three months before the first serum sample was taken had level antibody titers. The study of serum from myocarditis patients was unplanned; they were part of a group of paired serum samples from children that had been submitted to the laboratory for viral diagnostic studies during a 16-month period. While the association of C trachomatis antibody with myocarditis was unexpected, it is consistent with the known etiologic role of C psittaci in myocarditis and the widening spectrum of systemic diseases caused by C trachomatis. Since Chlamydia can be treated with antibiotics, the possible etiologic association with myocarditis has important therapeutic ramifications. PMID- 7031285 TI - Diagnosis of vascular disease by photoelectronic intravenous angiography. PMID- 7031286 TI - From the NIH: Study questions use of prophylactic granulocyte transfusions for patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 7031287 TI - Improvement of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. Ambulatory type I diabetics treated with the subcutaneous insulin pump. AB - Twelve ambulatory patients (six women and six men; mean age, 29 years) with type I diabetes were treated with a continuous subcutaneous open-loop insulin pump in an attempt to effect better glucose control. Hemoglobin A1, mean blood glucose, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and the cholesterol/HDL-C ratio were assessed monthly before and after glucoregulation from five to 14 months (mean, nine months). Mean HDL-C levels increased significantly (52 +/- 4 to 60 +/ 5 mg/dL); mean cholesterol/HDL-C ratios decreased significantly (4.46 +/- 0.43 to 3.89 +/- 0.39). Mean values for triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-C, all initially normal, did not change. Both mean Hb A1 levels and glucose levels fell from 11.2% +/- 0.5% to 9.8% +/- 0.5% and 177 +/- 15 mg/dL to 128 +/- 12 mg/dL, respectively. Insulin requirements decreased from 0.80 +/- 0.08 to 0.61 +/ 0.05 units/kg/24 hr. These results may favorably alter the prediction for development of accelerated atherosclerosis in type I diabetics. PMID- 7031288 TI - Obesity and hypertension. Mechanisms and implications for management. PMID- 7031289 TI - Influence of lipid infusion (0.4 g/kg/hr) and positive end expiratory pressure (8 cm H2O) on pulmonary function and hemodynamics in healthy anesthetized pigs. AB - Fat emulsions are used increasingly for parenteral nutrition in premature infants suffering from various disorders, including respiratory insufficiency necessitating artificial ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). Both PEEP and lipid infusions (LI) may alter pulmonary hemodynamics. The simultaneous effect of LI and PEEP were therefore investigated. Five adult anesthetized Gottinger minipigs were infused with a 20% LI at a high rate of 0.4 g/kg/hr for 30 min, followed by PEEP of 8 cm H2O for 15 min. Catheters were inserted into the upper vena cava, the pulmonary artery, the right and left atrium, and the aorta, and pressures recorded continuously. Ventilation volume, respiratory fractional gas concentrations of O2 and CO2 (mass spectrometer), and blood gases were measured. The following parameters were calculated: total peripheral resistance, pulmonary arteriolar resistance, right-to-left shunt (QS/QT) dead space ventilation (VD/VT) and effective compliance. Total peripheral resistance remained unchanged. Pulmonary arteriolar resistance increased significantly during PEEP, PEEP + LI, but not during LI alone. QS/QT increased significantly during LI and returned to normal when PEEP was applied. VD/VT and effective compliance did not change during LI. The increased right to left shunt, caused by LI, is reduced by means of PEEP, while the pulmonary arteriolar resistance increased with PEEP and LI. PMID- 7031290 TI - [Present status and future problems in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. III. On the chemotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031291 TI - [A new simple method for analysis of hemolytic reaction by automatic recording with continuous dilution device -- a micro-method for the measurement of erythrocyte osmotic resistance by continuous dilution procedure 1st report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031292 TI - [Pharmacological modulation of complement system: proposition of anticomplement therapy]. PMID- 7031293 TI - [Pharmacological modulation of leukocyte, macrophage and platelet functions]. PMID- 7031294 TI - [Specific immunosuppressive methods]. PMID- 7031295 TI - [Non-specific immunosuppressive methods and their problems]. PMID- 7031296 TI - [Immunomodulation and immunomodulators]. PMID- 7031297 TI - [Action mechanism of cell wall skeleton of BCG and Nocardia rubra as immunomodulator]. PMID- 7031298 TI - [Chemical synthesis and immunologic activities of the active unit of BCG-CWS]. PMID- 7031299 TI - [Effects of levamisole and D-penicillamine on immunologically responsible cells]. PMID- 7031300 TI - [Diagnosis and management of intrahepatic stone]. PMID- 7031301 TI - [Normal bacterial flora and its balancing effects, with some reference to germ free animal]. PMID- 7031302 TI - [Subacute viral infection in the central nervous system -- subacute sclerosing panencephalitis]. PMID- 7031303 TI - [Immunodeficiency]. PMID- 7031304 TI - [High performance liquid chromatography and its clinical use]. PMID- 7031305 TI - [Ultrasonic determination of cardiac output]. PMID- 7031306 TI - [Determination of cardiac output by electrical impedance]. PMID- 7031307 TI - [Ultrasonic determination of blood flow volume in ischemic heart diseases]. PMID- 7031308 TI - [Electrocardiographic determination of blood flow volume in ischemic heart diseases]. PMID- 7031309 TI - [Pressure-volume relationship in the determination of myocardial contraction]. PMID- 7031310 TI - [Bainbridge reflex]. PMID- 7031311 TI - [Study on the abnormal skin reactions of atopic dermatitis utilizing the skin window technique: macrophage and neutrophil migration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031312 TI - [Biotelemetry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031313 TI - [[Applications of biotelemetry for ecology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031314 TI - [Optical biotelemetry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031315 TI - [Telemetry of respiratory parameters (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031316 TI - [Telephone telemetry for cardiac patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031317 TI - [Biotelemetry for obstetrics and gynecology. (B) Biotelemetry of fetal signals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031318 TI - [Biotelemetry system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031319 TI - The present status of public health laboratory system in Japan with special reference to infectious diseases. PMID- 7031320 TI - [Effects of various anti-platelet drugs and defibrinating agents on experimental glomerulonephritis in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031321 TI - [Membranous glomerulonephritis associated with bullous pemphigoid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031322 TI - Effect of streptococcal lipids on Ehrlich ascite tumor cells. AB - The lipids extracted from group A hemolytic streptococci (strain Su, Blackmore and C203U) were examined for their antitumor effect against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. Total lipids were extracted from streptococcal cells according to the method of Folch et al, and separated into 9 lipid fractions by thin-layer chromatography, using various solvent systems. Three fractions were compound lipids (diphosphatidyl glycerols, monoglucosyl diglycerides and diglucosyl diglycerides), and the remaining 6 fractions were neutral lipids such as free fatty acids, glycerides, sterols and sterol esters. For biological testing, the lipid fractions suspended in physiological saline containing Tween 20 (0.02%) were incubated with Ehrlich tumor cells at 37 degrees C for 90 min, and the cell mixture was given intraperitoneally into mice thereafter. Among 9 lipid fractions, free fatty acids and monoglycerides from the streptococci examined were highly active in suppressing the depressing the development of ascites carcinoma in mice. Diphosphatidyl glycerols from two strains of streptococci (BLackmore and C203U) were also effective in suppressing the tumor growth in mice. However, the other lipid fractions had little effect on the tumor growth. PMID- 7031323 TI - Anti-inflammatory properties of a newly synthesized compound, 6-chloro-4-oxyimino 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (M-7074). AB - Anti-inflammatory properties of a newly synthetized compound, 6-chloro-4-oximino 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (M-7074), have been investigated. Anti-edema activities of M-7074 were more potent than those of phenylbutazone in carrageenin, bradykinin and mustard edema tests in rats. M-7074 showed an inhibitory effect on adjuvant arthritis, especially on the secondary inflammatory lesions in rats. Inhibitory effect of M-7074 on cotton-pellet granuloma formation was all but equal to that of phenylbutazone in rats. M-7074 also showed inhibitory effects on ultraviolet erythema in guinea-pigs and increased vascular permeability in mice, moderate analgesic activity in rats and mice, and antipyretic activity in rats. Furthermore, inhibitory effects of M-7074 on prostaglandin biosynthesis in guinea-pig lung homogenate and arachidonic acid induced aggregation of rabbit platelets were fairly equal to those of indomethacin. However, M-7074 showed no effect on humoral nor cellular immunity in mice. M-7074 possessed no ulcerogenic activity in rats and mice, and LD50 value of M-7074 was 8.01 g/kg, p.o. in mice. These data indicate that M-7074 is a novel anti-inflammatory agent with large margin of safety. PMID- 7031324 TI - Pressor action of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the rat. PMID- 7031325 TI - Study on blood levels of luteinizing hormone beta subunit and LH-releasing factor in pregnant women. PMID- 7031326 TI - Qualitative changes of drug resistant bacteria and their conjugative R plasmids isolated in hospitals in Tokyo area. PMID- 7031327 TI - [Ultrasonic Doppler-pulse location in the diagnosis of heart diseases]. PMID- 7031328 TI - [Valve prosthesis in the surgical treatment of acquired heart defects]. AB - The authors describe their experience with cardiac valve prostheses in 2446 patients with acquired heart diseases and hospital mortality of 21.7%. The surgical methods and the tactics in concomitant diseases are described. The methods of plastic operations on the tricuspid valve are presented. Late results of prostheses of the cardiac valve were studied in 1594 patients. Good late results were recorded in 65.9% of cases, satisfactory in 17.1%, unsatisfactory in 4.3%. The late mortality was 12.7%. Analysis of the late complications is given and the ways for increasing the efficacy of cardiac valve prostheses are suggested. PMID- 7031329 TI - [Annuloplasty of the tricuspid ostium in the surgical treatment of rheumatic heart defects]. AB - A new methodical variant of annuloplasty of the tricuspid ostium is described, consisting in placing two meeting semi-purse-string sutures on the external support teflon patches in the area of the antero-medial and postero-medial commissures. The method enables the authors to obtain good functioning of the tricuspid valve which is confirmed by 9 clinical observations lasting up to 3 1/2 years. PMID- 7031331 TI - [Surgical treatment of acquired heart defects]. PMID- 7031330 TI - [Thoracic aorta lesion in Marfan's syndrome]. AB - The authors describe their experience in 7 operations for aneurysm of the ascending aorta in Marfan's syndrome. They point to the necessity of radical operations in this group of patients and stress the importance of the intravascular method in this disease to prevent haemorrhagic complications. PMID- 7031332 TI - [Dynamics of the insulin, somatotropic hormone, glucose and free fatty acid content in the blood during a direct myocardial revascularization operation under neuroleptanalgesia]. AB - The dynamics of the content of insulin, somatotropic hormone, glucose and the free fatty acids were studied in 32 male patients with ischaemic heart disease subjected to direct revascularization on the myocardium under neuroleptanalgesia and artificial circulation with moderate hypothermia and haemodilution. It is established that during operations on the coronaries under these conditions insulin secretion is not depressed, despite stable increase of the somatotropic hormone in the blood. High concentrations of glucose and insulin in the blood prevent the rise of the free fatty acids. PMID- 7031333 TI - [Testing experience with an automatic ECG analysis system in the cardiology clinic]. AB - An original system of automated analysis of electrocardiosignals has been developed on the basis of computer EC-1022. The system consists of an appliance for the collection and recording of the electrocardiosignals (ECS), an arrangement for the input and output of ECS into the computer and the basic programs input, identification, measurement, rhythm, contour, formation, search, dispatcher. The system has been tested in a cardiological clinic. The computer and the medical conclusions coincided in 82% of cases. PMID- 7031334 TI - [Experience in developing and using telemetric computer systems in cardiology]. AB - A system of automated analysis of ECG consisting of subsystems of analysis of monitored ECG and subsystems of automated analysis of ECG in 12 leads is described. Both subsystems are united by the base data for preserving the results of analysis of monitoring and machine electrocardiographic data. The results of the use of the above systems for monitoring observations and mass examinations are presented. PMID- 7031335 TI - [P-terminal index based on the additionally amplified ECG in healthy persons and ischemic heart disease patients]. AB - To study the P terminal index a method of additionally fortified ECG (I mV-50 mm) has been used permitting more precise assessment of the low amplitude elements of the ECG curve. The values of P terminal index in the lead V1 ECG in the healthy individuals and the limits of its changes in the patients with ischaemic heart disease have been determined. The comparison of the parameters of the P terminal index in the lead V1 ECG and the degree of insufficiency of the left ventricle confirms the link between the increase of this index and the presence of congestion in the lungs. PMID- 7031336 TI - Interactions of human, cultured kidney cells with the complement system. AB - When heat-killed, cultured human kidney cells were incubated with normal human serum, complement (C) activation occurred with moderate consumption of C4, C2, C3, and C5 hemolytic activity. No loss of C1 activity and no, or only slight, reduction in C6 activity was detectable until high cell concentrations were reached. C4 and C2 consumption could not be prevented by blocking the primary C pathway through prior EGTA chelation of the serum. Both living and heat-killed kidney cells were incubated with normal serum and examined for surface-bound C components using immunofluorescent techniques. Heat-killed kidney cells were strongly positive for C3, which was distributed in a diffuse, speckled pattern over the entire cell surface. These cells were also weakly positive for IgG and Clq immunofluorescence, but were negative for surface albumin, C5, and beta 1H. In contrast, living cell suspensions showed only occasional cells positive for C3, IgG, or Clq and all cells were negative for albumin, C5, and beta 1H. Viability staining revealed that the few C3 positive cells in living cell suspensions belonged to a small, nonviable subpopulation. These data indicate that dead cells can initiate limited C activation, which can result in binding of C3 to the cell surface. PMID- 7031337 TI - [Hemodynamic status in the late periods after a pneumonectomy]. PMID- 7031338 TI - [Experience with using the new antimicrobial preparation decamethoxine in thoracic surgery]. PMID- 7031339 TI - [Comparative evaluation of invagination anastomoses of the large intestine]. PMID- 7031340 TI - [Needle, thread, suture: the technical bases of surgery]. PMID- 7031341 TI - [Liver transplantation in the GDR]. PMID- 7031342 TI - [Determination of the suitability of the liver for transplantation]. PMID- 7031343 TI - [Choice of the method for the reconstructive stage of pancreatoduodenal resection in reoperated patients]. PMID- 7031344 TI - [Depiction of chorio-retinal anastomoses with the help of computer-assisted fluorescent angiography (author's transl)]. AB - We recently had the opportunity of evaluating the technique of computer analysis of fundus photography and fluorescein angiograms. Two angiograms were obtained over a period of three months from a patient with senile macular degeneration. At this time we are applying two techniques: black and white photographs with differential contrast enhancement, as well as photographs made with false colours, with and without contrast enhancement. Both of these techniques enables us to confirm the presence of chorio-retinal anastomoses at the site of the macular degeneration. We assume that this was caused by two occlusions of a choroidal venule. PMID- 7031345 TI - [Astigmatis following perforating keratoplasty in keratoconus patients (author's transl)]. AB - Earlier studies of successful keratoplasties in keratoconus patients showed that despite clear healing of transplants, a high degree of regular astigmatism very often results. A series of 28 eyes operated with a double running corneal suture is critically analyzed. It can be seen that, even using this suture technique, the final result after removal of the two sutures is still accompanied by a high degree of astigmatism. The cause of the residual astigmatism is thus probably due to the weakness of the peripheral corneal rim. PMID- 7031346 TI - [Modified trabeculectomy with scleral wick (author's transl)]. AB - Scar formation at the edge of the scleral flap may cause insufficient pressure regulation in trabeculectomies. A scleral wick (modified after Kottow) could improve the success rate of fistulizing operations. In 24 eyes with glaucoma a modified trabeculectomy with scleral wick was performed. No re-closure of the scleral flap could be observed over a period up to 15 months (mean = 5.9). PMID- 7031347 TI - [Extraction of cataract after goniotrepanation (author's transl)]. AB - The author reports on the results of cataract extraction after fistulating operations in 20 patients with observation periods of between 3 and 71/2 years. The intraocular tension remained normal in 16 eyes; in 4 cases (one after epidemic keratoconjunctivitis) conservative antiglaucomatous treatment was recently necessary. PMID- 7031348 TI - [Sensory physiological research of Jesuit scientists of the 17th century]. PMID- 7031349 TI - [Comments on a hitherto unknown ophthalmological monograph by Jacob Ruff (ca 1500 1558)]. AB - Jacob Ruff challenges the representatives of academic medicine in a hitherto unknown and incomplete latin manuscript to oppose the decline in ophthalmology. This manuscript is the rough draft of an ophthalmological text-book of early modern times, never published but written at least 25 years before Bartisch's "Augentrost". It comprises traditional knowledge, the author's own discoveries, 85 prescriptions and 50 pen-and-ink drawings showing the anatomy of the eye and ophthalmo-surgical instruments. PMID- 7031351 TI - [Alpha-1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen levels in chronic renal failure and after kidney transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - In ten non dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure, 18 patients on regular dialysis treatment and 70 renal transplant recipients alpha-1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen levels were investigated. Alpha-1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen concentrations were highest in dialyzed patients with values of 314 +/- 98 and 485 +/- 127 mg/dl respectively. In renal transplant recipients a significant positive correlation between alpha-1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen concentration was found (p less than 0.001). High alpha-1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen levels seem to be a possible consequence of reactive processes due to underlying disease or complications. Our results seem to indicate that both alpha 1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen can be classified as "acute phase protein". PMID- 7031350 TI - [Etoposide VP 16--213)--a podophyllotoxinderivative with high antitumor activity (author's transl)]. AB - Etoposide is a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin derivative with a broad spectrum of antitumor activity and a relatively high therapeutic index. The synergism in animal with cis-platinum, cyclophosphamide, BCNU, and cytosinarabinoside is interesting for combination regimen. Mechanisms of action are inhibition of nucleoside transfer and of DNA and RNA synthesis, single stranded breaks, inhibition of protein synthesis and of microtubular assembly. While in lower concentrations etoposide is acting cell-cycle-dependent with accumulation of cells in the G2-phase it has, in high concentrations, also a cellcycle-phase unspecific lethal effect. Most suitable is the oral and i.v. application of etoposide in fractionated doses of 80--120 mg/m2 on 3--5 consecutive days and repetition after 21 [14--28] days. Side effects are dose-limiting bone marrow toxicity, nausea, vomiting, fever, hypotension, phlebitis, mucositis, neuropathy, cardiotoxicity, alopecia. Etoposide is one of the most active single agents in small-cell bronchus carcinoma with a remission rate of 37% (10% CR), and is very active in NHL (36%), testicular carcinoma (37%), AMML (35%), choriocarcinoma (35%), and neuroblastoma (29%). The role of etoposide in combination with other active drugs in these tumors is currently investigated in bronchus and testicular carcinoma and NHL, where etoposide will belong to the drugs of the first choice in the future. PMID- 7031352 TI - [The effect of PEEP ventilation on hemodynamics and regional blood flow (author's transl)]. AB - The beneficial effects of PEEP on lung function may be counteracted by its hemodynamic sequelae induced by a reduction of venous return due to the elevated intrathoracic pressure, and by an increased right ventricular afterload secondary to the rise of pulmonary vascular resistance. PEEP redistributes cardiac output in favor of brain, heart, adrenals and intestines, whereas the perfusion of stomach, pancreas and thyroid is diminished out of proportion to the fall of cardiac output. Total renal blood flow is relatively little affected; however, redistribution of intrarenal blood flow will result in a marked salt-water retention. Reduction of hepatic artery flow, at higher levels of PEEP, may jeopardize liver tissue oxygenation. - Under clinical conditions, individual differences regarding preexisting cardiopulmonary and peripheral-vascular diseases may modify the PEEP-induced hemodynamic alterations in a wide range. PMID- 7031353 TI - Spinal projections of the dorsal root fibers in the cat. PMID- 7031354 TI - [Physicians and medicine in the creative work of N. S. Leskov (on the 150th anniversary of the birth of the writer)]. PMID- 7031355 TI - [Portal hypertension in the absence of liver cirrhosis and extrahepatic circulatory blockade]. PMID- 7031356 TI - [New views on the indications for surgical interventions in internal diseases (on the 40th anniversary of the death of M. P. Konchalovskii)]. PMID- 7031357 TI - [Pneumoradiography in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7031358 TI - [Vasilii Konstantinovich Khoroshko (100th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7031359 TI - [L. Kh. Popov - physician and Bolshevik (100th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7031360 TI - [Hormonal disorders in patients with myotonic dystrophy]. PMID- 7031361 TI - [Redistribution of the blood in orthostatism]. AB - The concept of two interacting constituents involved in the redistribution of the circulating blood volume in orthostasis -- redistribution along the vertical (hydrostatic) and functional (metabolic) gradients -- is discussed. On this basis the possible mechanism responsible for orthostatic circulatory intolerance following an exposure to bed rest or weightlessness is described. PMID- 7031362 TI - [Hygiene principles of operational quality control of regenerated water in space flight]. PMID- 7031363 TI - [Ways and means for maintaining the thermal balance of pilots cosmonauts]. AB - Different principles used in systems ensuring thermal balance of pilots and cosmonauts are discussed. Physiological and hygienic characteristics of the passive thermal insulation, ventilation systems and liquid cooling (heating) suits are presented. A classification of the means and methods is proposed. PMID- 7031364 TI - Detection of Mycoplasma pulmonis antibody in rats and mice by a rapid micro enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. PMID- 7031365 TI - The blood glucose response to three prolonged duration insulins in canine diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7031366 TI - Canine giant axonal neuropathy; some aspects of its clinical, pathological and comparative features. PMID- 7031367 TI - Carbon fibre reinforced plastic applied to prosthetics and orthotics. AB - This paper describes the work carried out at the Rehabilitation Engineering Unit, Chailey Heritage Hospital, in applying carbon fibre reinforced plastic CFRP to prosthetics and orthotics. The prosthetic application relates to the construction of the Chailey Harness which was used to mount externally powered, upper limb prostheses to the torso of limb deficient children damaged by the drug Thalidomide. The application to orthotics was limited to Hip-Knee-Ankle-Orthoses (HKAO) as worn by severely handicapped children with spina bifida and led to the development of a shapable CFRP/aluminium alloy hybrid composite bar. The construction of the composite, its properties and the assembly and performance of the first orthoses are described. Some of the practical problems experienced with the use of carbon fibre reinforced plastic are identified. PMID- 7031368 TI - Hemodynamic responses to sepsis: hypodynamic versus hyperdynamic states. PMID- 7031369 TI - In vitro marginal leakage evaluation of a posterior composite resin. PMID- 7031370 TI - Diabetes clinical care conference--Exercise in insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 7031371 TI - Medical practice in early Nashville. PMID- 7031372 TI - Regulation of ovarian 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by gonadotropin releasing hormone and its antagonist in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7031373 TI - Primary gastric lymphoma following renal transplantation. PMID- 7031374 TI - The role of cytogenetic tests in detection and prevention of cancer. AB - Although simplified and improved techniques have increased at a fast rate in recent years, a great number of compounds released into our environment still remain untested. It has been estimated that between 80-90% of human cancer is a result of exposure to such compounds, and if by the application of short-term mutagenic tests, the use of many of these compounds can be severely restricted, an enormous impact can be made on the solution of human health problems. Batteries of mutagenic tests have established an empirical relationship between mutagenisis and carcinogenisis, and, in view of the cost in terms of time and money, short-term tests are playing an important role in first detecting, and second, eliminating potential hazards in our environment. The use of bacteria and other unicellular organisms in these assay systems has met with much criticism; due to the fact that the DNA materials affected do not directly relate to that of man. However, in conjunction with other tests, utilizing human and other mammalian cells, firm conclusions can be drawn regarding the potential hazards of certain chemicals. Recent advances in cytogenetic tests (e.g., banding chromosomes and sister chromatid exchange) have improved the sensitivity of chromosomal tests and, in so doing, have rendered them more usual in the selecting out process that can reduce substantially the mutagenic and carcinogenic hazards caused by chemicals and other deleterious agents in the environment. PMID- 7031375 TI - Conjugational chromosome transfer--complete or partial? Kinetics of chromosome transfer in bacterial conjugation. PMID- 7031376 TI - Reconsideration of the theory of oscillatory repression. PMID- 7031377 TI - Mushrooms and philosophers. PMID- 7031378 TI - Sir Thomas Lewis: the centennial of a medical human dynamo. PMID- 7031379 TI - Origins of the caduceus. PMID- 7031380 TI - Alva S. Baker, MD: a profile/interview of the chairman of the Faculty Program and Arrangements Committee. PMID- 7031381 TI - The contribution of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. PMID- 7031382 TI - Effect of age on myofibrillar protease activity and muscle binding of glucocorticoid hormones in the rat. AB - Age-related and muscle tissue-specific alterations in myofibrillar protease activity were observed in different muscles of the rat. Utilizing exogenous, denatured and 3 H-labelled hemoglobin as substrate, proteolytic activity of the myofibrillar enzyme was found to decrease with age in the gastrocnemius muscle while the same activity in the diaphragm and heart muscles increased with age. The extent of response of the enzymes to administration of the potent glucocorticoid triamcinolone was, however, found to be similar in young and old animals, and each muscle retained its specific mode of response to the exogenous glucocorticoid, for example enhancement of the activity in skeletal and diaphragm muscles and diminution of the activity in the heart. Development was associated with a marked reduction in the number of glucocorticoid-specific binding sites in the cytosol of both gastrocnemius and heart muscles, with only negligible changes in the affinity of hormone binding. It is concluded that while the ability of the enzyme to response to exogenous, pharmacological doses of glucocorticoids is not affected by development, development does modify the myofibrillar protease activity in a tissue-specific manner. PMID- 7031383 TI - Diverging trends in hospitalization: fact or artifact? AB - It has been noticed recently that hospital use by Blue Cross enrollees has fallen substantially in the last decade and that this decline is in marked contrast to relatively stable utilization reported by hospitals. The trends in length of stay in the two data sources are almost identical--all the differential is attributable to differing trends in admission rates: a sharp increase for all persons under 65 years of age in contrast to a moderate decline for Blue Cross members. These two trends are diverging at the rate of 2 per cent per year. Household survey data for the under-65 population with private health insurance also indicates an increasing admission trend, in contrast to the Blue Cross figures, even though Blue Cross covers half the insured population. About half of the differential trend can be accounted for by the increasing rate of duplicate coverage, which artificially increases the enrollments reported by carriers. The increased duplicate coverage is a reflection of more multiple-earner families, a shifting occupation mix, better fringe benefits, higher unemployment and smaller families. Part of the increased admissions for the total under-65 population is due to Medicare coverage for the disabled and to Medicaid. Most important, it is apparent that existing data provide an inadequate and potentially misleading picture of the most crucial measures of utilization. PMID- 7031384 TI - [Comparative study of antiemetic properties of clebopride and metoclopramide in vomiting produced by cis-platinum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031385 TI - [Effect of various chemical compounds on induction of the reversion of histidine mutants of Salmonella typhimurium]. PMID- 7031386 TI - [Human serological response to Enterobacteriaceae common antigen. III. Occurrence and levels of antibodies to CAE and the participation of IgM and IgG in antibody activity against the antigen]. PMID- 7031387 TI - [Infanticide, arsenic, phosphorus and probes used in abortion during past centuries]. PMID- 7031388 TI - The use of corticosteroids in leprosy. PMID- 7031389 TI - A brief review of experiences with short-term clinical trials monitored by mouse foot-pad-inoculation. PMID- 7031390 TI - Pharmacologically-active mediators of hypersensitivity reactions in the blood of lepromatous patients with erythema nodosum leprosum. PMID- 7031391 TI - Report of the Third Meeting of the Scientific Working Group on Chemotherapy of Leprosy (THELEP) of the UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, Geneva, 20-22 October 1980. PMID- 7031392 TI - [Transplantation immunology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031393 TI - [The one-hour d-xylose test in the postenteritic period. Its diagnostic and therapeutic significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031394 TI - [Estrogens and postmenopause (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031395 TI - The curly-tail mouse: an experimental model for human neural tube defects. PMID- 7031396 TI - Hypoxemia increases renin secretion rate in anesthetized newborn lambs. PMID- 7031397 TI - The pineal and melatonin in the regulation of pituitary-thyroid axis. PMID- 7031398 TI - Minireview. Kainic acid as a tool for the study of temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID- 7031399 TI - The prophylactic action of (-)-epicatechin against alloxan induced diabetes in rats. PMID- 7031400 TI - Age-related changes in biological parameters in Zucker rats. AB - Changes in a number of morphological and biochemical parameters were observed in genetically obese Zucker rats and in lean controls between 3 and 58 weeks of age. By 3 weeks, the genetically obese rats had higher proportional (wt/100 g body wt) and absolute amounts of adipose tissue, hyperlipemia affecting all the lipid fractions, and hyperproteinemia compared to lean controls. Obesity, hepatomegaly, high concentrations of hepatic lipids and hyperinsulinemia did not appear until the fifth week. In obese animals, liver lipid concentration reached a maximum at 17 weeks of age and then declined. During this time, the triacylglycerol concentration in the serum remained stable, whereas the cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations continued to increase. The glycogen concentration in obese animals increased, both absolutely and compared to lean controls, between the 12th and 43rd weeks of age. From weaning, the Zucker rats, compared to lean controls, exhibited characteristics of obesity (accumulation of adipose tissue, hyperlipemia and hyperproteinemia), which persisted to the age of 58 weeks. PMID- 7031401 TI - X-ray tubes and other historic memorabilia. PMID- 7031402 TI - [Plasmodium falciparum and drepanocytic gene in Popular Republic of Congo. I. Prevalence of malaria and drepanocytic trait among school children in Brazzaville area (author's transl)]. AB - From 1978 to 1979, 5 surveys, among schoolchildren, were carried out during the rainy season in the neighbourhood of Brazzaville (R.P. Congo): 3 in PK 45 village (northern part of the capital), 2 in Djoumouna village (southern part), and 1 in "Talangai" (a suburb of the capital). 868 exams (plasmodic and splenic index fitted with hemoglobin composition [Hb AA or Hb AS]) were done. It appeared that 19,6% of schoolchildren examined were heterozygous sicklers (AS). This percentage confirmed the previous results from other authors in different countries of Central Africa. On the other hand, in spite of an intense transmission, both plasmodic and splenic index were, on the average, relatively low (24,5 and 24,8% respectively). Plasmodium falciparum was largely predominant (95,3% of infections) but P. ovale and P. malariae were also found (1,9% for each species). From our study no obvious "protecting effect" can be attributed to sickle cell trait because plasmodic index of children AA and AS were similar (23,8 and 27,6% respectively). A slight decrease of splenic index was noticed in AS in regard to AA (19,4 and 26.1% respectively). It is difficult to consider this no significative regression as a definitive proof of a premunition stronger in AS than in AA. Effectively some splenic infarctus are well known to be a regular physiopathological process occurring in homozygous SS but often in heterozygous AS too. In such highly endemic and stable malaria area the problem of a suitable antimalaria strategy remains to be solved. PMID- 7031403 TI - [Plasmodium falciparum and drepanocytic gene in Popular Republic of Congo. II. Clinical aspects of malaria according to parasitemia and hemoglobin genotype (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031405 TI - [Physician and philosophy. The relationship of medicine and philosophy in its historical change]. PMID- 7031404 TI - [Evaluation of Neisseria meningitidis carriage in families where a case of cerebrospinal meningitis has occurred (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031406 TI - [History of abdominal incisions. Historical aspects and development tendencies]. PMID- 7031407 TI - [Current status of organ transplantation]. PMID- 7031408 TI - [Indication for kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7031409 TI - [The rejection reaction of the transplanted kidney, its early diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7031410 TI - [Historical observations in the weather and climate effect on diseases discussed from today's view]. PMID- 7031411 TI - [Suture technic in the surgery of the rectum]. PMID- 7031412 TI - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Report of 25 cases and review of the literature. PMID- 7031413 TI - Clinical-pathologic differentiation of common amyloid syndromes. PMID- 7031414 TI - [Effect of mercury on the sexual cycle and prenatal and postnatal development of progeny]. AB - Extensive use of mercury in various economic branches and its toxic properties as well as increasing number of exposed population make it necessary to elaborate the data on the relatively little known aspects of hazardous effects of this compound. Basing on the data from literature and our own studies we analysed the effects of mercury on the sex cycle in humans and animals, penetration of mercury from mother's blood to fetus, embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of mercury and influence of prenatal intoxication on postnatal development of progeny. Toxic effects of organic and inorganic effects of mercuric compounds, especially mercury vapours, were compared. A need was pointed out to decrease the value of the maximum allowable concentration of mercury vapour to 0.01 mg/m3 in case of women's occupational exposure to that element. PMID- 7031415 TI - Insulin binding and action in isolated rat hepatocytes: evidence for spare receptors. AB - An in vitro assay for insulin action on hepatocytes is described. The 125I insulin binding and the effects of insulin on net 14C-glucose incorporation into glycogen were studied in suspensions of isolated hepatocytes from fed, 250 gram adult rats. Insulin doubled the basal value (mean +/- SEM) of 9.0 +/- 1.0 nmoles glucose/10(6) cells/hr with a one-half maximal concentration of 3 ng/ml (75 microU/ml) and a maximum effect between 10 and 20 ng/ml (250 microU/ml). Insulin binding was half-maximal at 40 ng/ml and maximal between 100 and 300 ng/ml. Thus, maximal stimulation occurred at approximately 35% of maximum binding implying that hepatocytes have spare receptors for insulin action on net incorporation of 14C-glucose into glycogen. This assay was then used to investigate the time course of activation of insulin action. Isolated hepatocytes were preincubated at 37 degrees C in the presence or absence of 40 ng/ml of insulin for 2, 15, or 30 min, washed, and then tested for action in fresh insulin-free media containing 14C-glucose. No activation was seen after 2 min, a partial activation after 15 min and maximum activation was seen only after a 30 min preincubation. Therefore, insulin activation of glucose incorporation into glycogen in liver is a time dependent phenomenon that is reversible by early dissociation. PMID- 7031416 TI - Metabolic studies of adipose tissue in acute uremia. AB - The effect of acute uremia on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in rat adipose tissue and on the response of the isolated adipocytes to insulin was assessed. LPL activity in adipose tissue and in adipocytes of the uremic rats was decreased compared with values in sham-operated controls. Also, the adipocytes from uremic rats released significantly less than control amounts of LPL. In contrast, glucose oxidation by adipocytes isolated from uremic rats was not different from controls, and there was no difference in insulin binding or in insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation in the two groups. Triglyceride injected into the uremic rats was cleared at about half the control rate. Thus, the specific reduction in LPL activity in adipose tissue may be responsible, at least in part, for the defective removal of triglyceride. However, it is unlikely that the reduced LPL is due to a generalized toxic effect of uremia on adipose tissue since no significant alteration in insulin binding and glucose oxidation was found. PMID- 7031418 TI - Effects of pharmacologic hyperglucagonemia on plasma amino acid concentrations in normal and diabetic man. AB - Four normal and five insulin dependent diabetic men received a 2 h pharmacologic glucagon infusion (50 ng/kg/min) resulting in plasma glucagon levels (4400 pg/ml) similar to those seen in glucagonoma patients. In normal subjects in whom plasma insulin concentrations rose significantly (239 uU/ml) and the blood level of 15 of the 18 amino acids measured fell significantly. In contrast, in the diabetic men who secreted no insulin in response to glucagon (no rise in C-peptide levels), only 10 of 18 amino acid levels fell significantly. The branched chain amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucine, as well as tyrosine and phenylalanine were among the 8 amino acids which showed no change in response to glucagon in the diabetics. Thus, glucagon appears to have no acute affect on branched chain amino acid levels in man. PMID- 7031417 TI - Alkaline phosphatase activity in chronic streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency in the rat: effect of insulin replacement. AB - Alterations in circulating alkaline phosphatase have been described in both man and the experimental animal with chronic insulin deficiency. We evaluated plasma and tissue alkaline phosphatase levels in freely-fed control, streptozotocin induced diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats, seven weeks after the induction of diabetes. Circulating alkaline phosphatase activity was markedly elevated in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.001) and completely normalized following insulin administration. The elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase activity observed in the insulin deficient animals was heat-resistant and phenylalanine-sensitive, a pattern typical of the intestinal isoenzyme. Small intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the diabetic animals, but comparable in the insulin-replaced and control rats. The intestinal isoenzyme activity was found to be strikingly insulin sensitive; withholding insulin therapy for 36 hr prior to sacrifice resulted in an abrupt rise in both plasma and intestinal alkaline phosphatase values comparable to those observed in the insulin-deficient state. In contrast to these observations, skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased in the insulin deficient animal (p less than 0.01) and this abnormality was corrected by insulin replacement. Neither insulin deficiency nor insulin replacement resulted in any significant changes in the hepatic alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme. PMID- 7031419 TI - Preservation of glucose tolerance and insulin secretory response to repeated glucose levels by the feeding of minimal glucose during prolonged fasting. AB - The facilitation of glucose disposal (Staub-Traugott effect) and potentiation of serum insulin (IRI) concentration normally occurring after closely spaced intravenous glucose loads, are known to disappear after prolonged starvation. To study the effects of minimal amounts of glucose during fasting upon the insulin response and disposal of repeated intravenous glucose tolerance tests, obese volunteers were fasted for a mean of 25 +/- 2 days, while receiving either 8 or 16 gm of oral glucose every 6 hr, and compared to totally fasted subjects without glucose supplementation. Weight loss rate and the fall in basal IRI and glucose levels were similar to those of totally fasted subjects. However, the Staub Traugott effect and insulin secretory dynamics after stimulation by repetitive intravenous glucose loading were preserved by this glucose modified fast, while baseline serum glucagon levels (IRG) were significantly lower, and the basal IRI/IRG ratios were thus unchanged from the fed state. IRG and free fatty acid suppression were similar in the fed and glucose modified fasted states. Lactic acid levels increased as expected after the repeated glucose injections in the fed state, but failed to do so after the prolonged modified fast until the second and third repetitive glucose loads, in which a significant rise coincided with accelerated glucose disposal. It is suggested that minimal amounts of carbohydrate during fasting preserve the insulin potentiating action of glucose, preferentially sparing a delayed releasable pool of insulin, while protecting the glucose utilization mechanisms, including increased glycolysis, responsible for the Staub-Traugott effect. PMID- 7031420 TI - Measurement of carnitine and O-acylcarnitines. PMID- 7031421 TI - Assay of peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty acids. PMID- 7031422 TI - Measurement of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase in human postheparin plasma. PMID- 7031423 TI - Assay for lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase. PMID- 7031424 TI - Preparative enzymatic synthesis of acyl-acyl carrier protein. PMID- 7031425 TI - Synthesis of modified fatty acids and glycerophospholipid analogs. PMID- 7031426 TI - Cerulenin. PMID- 7031427 TI - 2-Bromooctanoate. PMID- 7031428 TI - Affinity labeling with omega-bromoacetamido fatty acids and analogs. PMID- 7031429 TI - Bacterial mutants for the study of lipid metabolism. PMID- 7031430 TI - Avian uropygial (preen) gland. PMID- 7031431 TI - Preparation and culture of mammary gland explants. PMID- 7031432 TI - Tissue culture of plants for studies of lipid metabolism. PMID- 7031433 TI - An alternative method of preparing radiolabeled photoactivatable fatty acids. PMID- 7031434 TI - Evaluation of non-invasive examinations of coronary artery disease using information theory. PMID- 7031435 TI - Screening for cancer: publications 1971-1980. PMID- 7031436 TI - On the uptake of nystatin by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 1 Basic considerations. AB - The uptake of nystatin by sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells has been studied as a function of temperature and nystatin concentration. Following analysis of the data, kinetic rate constants and a monolayer capacity are calculated. This shows that c 13 X more nystatin is taken up than can be supported by the cell surface. The process is accompanied by an activation energy of 41.6 kJ mol-1. It is suggested that these data support a rapid uptake process onto the cell wall followed by a slower diffusion process through the wall to the membrane. PMID- 7031437 TI - RNA synthesis during the germination of conidia of Aspergillus nidulans. AB - RNA accumulates most rapidly in germinating conidia of Aspergillus nidulans between 6 h and 14 h after the initiation of germination. 3H-adenine is incorporated into all classes of RNA before the emergence of the germ tube, but most of the label appears in rRNA. There is an increase in total RNA polymerase activity, which occurs in parallel with the increase in RNA synthesis. Three peaks of RNA polymerase activity were separated on phosphocellulose columns and their properties investigated. PMID- 7031438 TI - Microcalorimetric studies of Klebsiella aerogenes grown in chemostat culture. 2 C limited and C-sufficient cultures. AB - The enthalpy changes for the production of 1 g of cells during a doubling period, delta Hg, for cells of K. aerogenes growing aerobically in carbon-limited or carbon-sufficient media in continuous culture have been measured. Delta Hg varies with the dilution rate, but at a fixed dilution rate delta Hg is the same for growth in glucose, glycerol, pyruvate or acetate as the sole carbon and energy source; the molar growth yields are markedly different. Delta Hg values of cells growing in glucose-sufficient media (i.e. N- or Mg-limitation) are much higher than in glucose-limited media. This suggests the presence of a regulating system for the degradation of the energy source. Anaerobic growth in glucose-limited media results in a reduction of the molar growth yield and an increase in the heat output. From a consideration of the yield and delta Hg values it is concluded that the amount of energy lost (as heat) per mol of glucose during glycolysis is the same under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. PMID- 7031439 TI - On the uptake of nystatin by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2 Effects of pH, ionic strength, sterol concentration and "protecting" ions. AB - Uptake of nystatin by sensitive cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied as a function of pH and ionic strength. The pH was shown to affect radically uptake kinetics and extent, whilst ionic strength variation appeared not to modify uptake at all. The effects of variation in the sterol concentration of the cells employed showed a decrease in nystatin uptake as sterol concentration increased. This was not the anticipated observation. Calcium ions were shown to "protect" the yeast cells by associating with the cell and not the antibiotic. Possible explanations are discussed. PMID- 7031440 TI - On the proper use of point-counting and semi-automatic procedures in stereology. AB - The influence of shape and size of structures as well as the individual effect on accurate results and the speed of evaluation in point-counting and automated planimetry is investigated. The following statements can be made: 1) Planimetry is with the factor 2 to 5 more exact than point-counting. 2) The individual effect on the results is small in planimetry and therefore can be neglected in most cases. However, this is impossible in point-counting. 3) The evaluation error increases with the decrease of size. It goes over 5% below an area of 40 mm2 in planimetry. The comparable border-values of point-counting are much higher. 4) The shape has little influence on the results in structures with smaller deviations from the form of a circle (stretching-factor below 2.7), but with increasing complexity of the borders, the results show more variability. 5) The border-line examination in planimetry is 5 to 10 times more exact than in point-counting. 6) The time used for equal samplings including calculation of MW and standard deviation is similar for both procedures, but planimetry only needs few measuring steps for small confidence-limits and is able to estimate more parameters in one estimation. 7) The orientation of structures has a planimetry no influence of the results obtained for the single section, in contrast to point counting of intersections. 8) The psychic condition has influence on both procedures. PMID- 7031442 TI - Hospital performance measurement study shows wide variety in hospital use, costs. PMID- 7031441 TI - Does the new federalism mean more flexibility for the states? PMID- 7031443 TI - Stimulation of nonspecific host resistance to infection induced by muramyldipeptides. AB - The effect of muramyldipeptide (MDP), N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine [MDP(Ala)], and its analogs on bacterial infection was studied using the experimental model of sepsis infection in mice. Injection of MDP(Ala) gave mice definitive protection against E. coli infection, but only partial protection against P. aeruginosa or K. pneumoniae infection. Several factors influencing the protective activity of MDP(Ala) on E. coli infection were studied, and it was demonstrated that the activity was induced by various routes of administration of MDP(Ala), including the oral route, and was markedly influenced by the bacterial inoculum size. It was also shown that the effective dose of MDP(Ala) was 100 micrograms per mouse for intraperitoneal, intravenous or subcutaneous injections and 1,000 microgram per mouse when administered orally. Furthermore, the optimal interval between MDP-treatment and infection was 24 hr when the treatment was carried out before infection. Clearance of bacterial cells in blood was observed after E. coli infection in mice treated with MDP(Ala). The efficacy of MDP(Ala) and two analogs, N-acetylmuramyl-L-valyl-D-isoglutamine [MDP(Val)] and N acetylmuramyl-L-seryl-D-isoglutamine [MDP (Ser)], was evaluated for the E. coli infection; MDP(Val) was proven to be slightly less active than MDP(Ala), and MDP(Ser) to be the least effective, although MDP(Val) or MDP(Ser) was reported to have higher adjuvanticity than MDP (Ala) for the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity. PMID- 7031444 TI - Chemotaxis of Kupffer cells isolated from rodent liver. AB - Kupffer cells (KC) were isolated from the liver of guinea pigs, rats, and mice using enzymatic digestion with collagenase, followed by differential centrifugation and plastic adherence. Purity of the isolated KC was 96.0 +/- 2.2, 97.2 +/- 2.1, and 96.0 +/- 2.3 per cent in guinea pigs, rats, and mice respectively. These isolated KC were tested for migratory response to bacterial factor, which is one of the representative chemotactic factors for inflammatory macrophages, using a modified Boyden chamber technique. KC from the three animal species similarly migrated to the bacterial factor. The migratory response of the KC to the bacterial factor is due to chemotaxis but not chemokinesis. These results show the possibility that KC may recognize a chemoattractant and directionally migrate to it. PMID- 7031445 TI - Further Studies of the polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae possessing strong adjuvanticity. I. Production of the adjuvant polysaccharide by noncapsulated mutant. AB - In culture fluid, Klebsiella pneumoniae type 1 Kasuya strain produces polysaccharide exhibiting a strong adjuvant effect. The active substance responsible for the strong adjuvant effect of the polysaccharide isn ot its acidic polysaccharide fraction (the type-specific capsular antigen) but the neutral polysaccharide fraction. In the present study, a mutant which did not produce the type-specific capsular polysaccharide was isolated from ultraviolet irradiated cells of K. pneumoniae type 1 Kasuya strain which had been labeled with leucine-requiring marker by selecting unagglutinable cells with the antiserum to he type-specific capsular polysaccharide. Serological tests showed that the type-specific acidic capsular polysaccharide was present neither on the cells surface nor in the culture fluid of the mutant. Electron microscopically, the mutant did not possess any capsular material. On the other hand, nearly an equal amount of neutral polysaccharide antigen as produced in culture fluids of the noncapsulated mutant polysaccharide antigen was produced in culture fluids of te noncapsulated mutant and the parent strain. The neutral polysaccharide antigen produced by the noncapsulated mutant exhibited the same degree of strong adjuvant effect on antibody response to bovine gammaglobulin in mice as that produced by the parent strain. The relationship between the neutral polysaccharide antigen in culture fluid and the O antigen of K. pneumoniae was discussed. PMID- 7031446 TI - Proliferative and polyclonal plaque forming cell responses of CBA/N-defective spleen cells by staphylococcal protein A or killed organisms of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain. PMID- 7031447 TI - Hypertensive disease of pregnancy - some facts and a hypothesis. PMID- 7031448 TI - The Royal College of Midwives 1881 - 1981. PMID- 7031449 TI - [Growth characteristics of isogenous enterobacteria strains]. PMID- 7031450 TI - [Centenary of the birth of Alexander Fleming]. PMID- 7031451 TI - [Morphological characteristics of Oospora fragrans and Geotrichum asteroides, exolipase producers, under stab cultivation]. PMID- 7031452 TI - [Localization of vitamin B12-dependent ribonucleotide reductase in Propionibacterium shermanii cells]. PMID- 7031453 TI - Heterogenous dysfunctions of pancreatic A and B cells in diabetes mellitus: a study by consecutive hyper-and hypoglycemic stimulation. PMID- 7031455 TI - [Advancements in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7031454 TI - [Metabolism and energy requirements of the severely ill patient]. PMID- 7031456 TI - Amiloride--a potassium-sparing diuretic. PMID- 7031457 TI - [Nodular purpura in infants. Clinical and biohumoral findings. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 7031458 TI - [Results of a clinical trial of the use of a methoxyamine (cefuroxime) in respiratory tract infections in children]. PMID- 7031459 TI - [Acute complication of intraspinal administration of methotrexate. Report of a case and review of literature]. PMID- 7031460 TI - Trigeminal neuralgia and other facial pains. PMID- 7031461 TI - Immunocytochemical and autoradiographic localization of GABA system in the vertebrate retina. PMID- 7031462 TI - Alterations of central GABAergic activity in neurologic and psychiatric disorders: evaluation through measurements of GABA and GAD activity in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7031464 TI - Proteolysis of red cell membrane proteins by immunoglobulin G preparations. PMID- 7031465 TI - The anatomy of Norman Cousins" illness. PMID- 7031466 TI - Renal failure. PMID- 7031463 TI - The problem of the stability globular proteins. AB - The article gives a survey on protein stability. Starting out from approaches for stability measurement which are based on the determination of Gibbs energy change in protein unfolding by denaturants, protonation, heat, scanning calorimetry, and hydrogen exchange, their implications such as reversibility, completeness of unfolding and the two-state assumption are dealt with. A data compilation of Gibbs energy change in unfolding of different proteins is given. The data, which for the most part range between 25 and 60 kJ mol-1 are discussed in terms of protein functioning, turnover, and structural properties. Phase diagrams are proposed in order to realize a more comprehensive thermodynamic treatment of proteins. Factors which contribute to protein stability are summarized. The paper includes the thermodynamic principles of protein stability as well as special studies on proteolytic fragments, amino acid replacements, cross links, prosthetic groups, and ions which contribute to protein stability. PMID- 7031467 TI - Dynamic aspects of structural proteins in vertebrate skeletal muscle. AB - In this review, our current knowledge on the structural proteins of vertebrate skeletal muscle is briefly outlined. Structural proteins include the contractile proteins (actin and myosin), the major regulatory proteins (troponin and tropomyosin), the minor regulatory proteins (M-protein, C-protein, F-protein, I protein, and actinins), and the scaffold proteins (connectin, desmin, and Z protein). In addition, the relative turnover rates of the muscle proteins (M protein greater than or equal to troponin greater than soluble protein as a whole greater than tropomyosin not equal to alpha-actinin greater than myosin greater than 10S-actinin greater than actin) are discussed. The changes in the turnover of muscle proteins are compared in denervated and dystrophic muscles. The properties of the various proteases in muscle, including alkaline protease, calcium-activated neutral protease (CANP), and acidic protease (cathepsins), and the structural alterations of myofibrils by these proteases are also described. Finally, the role of proteases and their inhibitors in diseased muscle is summarized, with focus on CANP and its inhibitors, leupeptin and E-64. PMID- 7031468 TI - Cerebral vasodilators (second of two parts). PMID- 7031469 TI - In-hospital exercise after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7031470 TI - Current concepts in psychiatry: schizophrenic disorders. PMID- 7031471 TI - Recurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis after liver transplantation. AB - Three patients who had undergone orthrotopic liver transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis and were being maintained on immunosuppressive therapy were investigated 31/2 to 41/2 years later because of the redevelopment of pruritus and mild jaundice. In one patient pigmentation was again evident, and all three had a rise in the titer of serum mitochondrial antibody after an initial fall. Liver histology showed features of primary biliary cirrhosis with non-suppurative destructive cholangitis, lymphoid aggregates, and increased deposition of copper binding protein in the absence of cholestasis. None of these features was found in patients who had received grafts for other conditions and had lived for comparable periods, nor were they found in patients who had had rejection with bile-duct abnormalities. The overall findings indicate a recurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis in the donor organ. PMID- 7031472 TI - Thyroid-pituitary interaction: feedback regulation of thyrotropin secretion by thyroid hormones. PMID- 7031473 TI - Primary biliary cirrhosis and liver transplantation. PMID- 7031474 TI - Treatment of chronic granulocytic leukemia with chemoradiotherapy and transplantation of marrow from identical twins. AB - Twelve patients in the chronic phase of Ph1 (Philadelphia)-positive chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) received chemoradiotherapy and marrow from their normal, identical twins. All had a complete remission, with disappearance of all Ph1-positive cells. One patient died of pneumonitis while in remission. Three had a cytogenetic relapse 22 to 30 months after grafting; only one of these three entered blast crisis and died. Eight remain in complete remission 21 to 65 months (median, 30) after transplantation. Thus, the Ph1-positive clone can be ablated and blast crisis delayed or prevented. Of 10 patients with CGL who received transplants during the terminal phase, eight died soon after, one is in complete remission 11 months after receiving a second graft, and one remains in complete remission 71 months after transplantation. This experience suggests to us that every patient with CGL and an identical twin should receive a marrow graft, preferably in the chronic phase. On the basis of our results, trials of allogeneic-marrow transplantation for CGL seem justified. PMID- 7031475 TI - A corticosteroid binding protein and endogenous ligand in C. albicans indicating a possible steroid-receptor system. PMID- 7031476 TI - Complete in vitro maturation of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes. PMID- 7031477 TI - Promoters in the E. coli replication origin. PMID- 7031478 TI - Control of a mixed tRNA--protein operon. PMID- 7031479 TI - Anti-PGE antibodies inhibit in vivo development of cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 7031480 TI - Isolation and biogenesis of a new peptide from pancreatic islets. PMID- 7031481 TI - Hot spots of frameshift mutations induced by the ultimate carcinogen N-acetoxy-N 2-acetylaminofluorene. PMID- 7031482 TI - Mechanism of E. coli RecA protein directed strand exchanges in post-replication repair of DNA. PMID- 7031483 TI - Haemolysin contributes to virulence of extra-intestinal E. coli infections. PMID- 7031484 TI - Problem of light piping in immunofluorescence studies. PMID- 7031485 TI - [Chloroform anesthesia and a Dutch pioneer (S.N. Dentz Jr.)]. PMID- 7031486 TI - [Brittle diabetes]. PMID- 7031487 TI - [The first Dutch language periodical in the field of health education in the 19th century]. PMID- 7031488 TI - [Leg length inequality]. PMID- 7031489 TI - [Bataaf medicine from the periodical viewpoint; internal and external historical aspects of the Geneeskundig Magazijn (1801-1815)]. PMID- 7031490 TI - [Trimming of a working model for an immediate denture]. PMID- 7031491 TI - [Jan Swammerdam (1637-1680-1980), his cartesianism and the physiology of the masticatory system (II)]. PMID- 7031492 TI - Porphyrias and the kidney. PMID- 7031493 TI - Kidney transplantation in uremic children with cystinosis. AB - 10 children underwent cadaveric renal transplantation between the ages of 8.0 and 12.5 years for uremia secondary to infantile cystinosis. 6 children are doing well 6-62 months after-transplantation. 3 of the 4 other recipients required a second graft and eventually died of uremia or fulminant viral encephalitis, the other lost her first graft due to accelerated acute rejection and is now on maintenance hemodialysis. No further systemic complications of cystinosis have been observed in the patients with functioning grafts. Our experience confirms that kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for uremic children with infantile cystinosis. PMID- 7031494 TI - Renal phosphate wasting after successful kidney transplantation: 1-alpha vitamin D therapy in patients with normal parathyroid gland activity. AB - 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol was tried as a therapy for renal phosphate wasting in kidney allograft recipients with normal parathyroid gland activity. During a 3 week period of treatment we observed a significant rise in renal phosphate threshold concentrations and plasma phosphate levels paralleled by a significant decrease in serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels and a significant increase in intestinal calcium absorption. It is suggested that 1 alpha hydroxycholecalciferol acts on renal phosphate handling in a dual fashion: one is by suppression of parathyroid hormone and the other by restoration of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol levels to an appropriate level. PMID- 7031495 TI - Facility report: Kidney Transplant Service University of California, San Francisco. PMID- 7031496 TI - Effects of aging on luteinizing hormone release in different physiological states of the female golden hamster. AB - Effects of aging on estrous cycles and LH release in response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), castration, and estradiol benzoate were studied in the female golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). About 80% to 90% of female golden hamsters still cycled regularly when reaching 19-22 months of age. However, some animals showed age-induced irregularity of the estrous cycle which included an interruption or complete absence of estrous vaginal discharge. Young female hamsters (3-5 months) had significantly (p less than 0.01) higher basal LH concentration than old animals (19-22 months) in the morning of each stage of estrous cycle. LHRH elicited about 20-30 fold increase in serum LH concentrations in both young and old hamsters. No significant difference in LH release was observed between young and old hamsters in response to LHRH. In acyclic hamsters, the peak of LH release in response to LHRH was delayed. LHRH-induced LH release was greater in the morning of proestrus than during diestrus in both young and old hamsters. LH increase was significantly greater in the young than in old hamsters on the 13th and 15th day after castration. However, positive feedback stimulation of LH release by estradiol benzoate was the same in both young and old hamsters. These results indicate that in the female hamster, LH response to acute stimuli such as LHRH and estrogens is the same in the young as in the old animal and that circulating basal LH concentration may decrease or its degradation or clearance may increase during the aging process in female golden hamsters. Irregularity of estrous cycles in aging hamsters may be related to delayed responsiveness of pituitary LH to LHRH stimulation. PMID- 7031497 TI - [Methods of cerebral blood flow measurements]. PMID- 7031498 TI - [Egas Moniz (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031499 TI - Bibliography on the biology and pharmacology of lithium. 9. PMID- 7031500 TI - Effect of artificial pancreas treatment on peripheral nerve function in diabetes. AB - To determine whether the complete correction of hyperglycemia of diabetes can rapidly improve abnormal peripheral nerve function, eight hyperglycemic insulin requiring diabetics underwent 3 days of glucose control with an artificial endocrine pancreas, the BIOSTATOR Glucose Controller. Comparison of neurologic assessment before and after BIOSTATOR treatment showed improvement only in ulnar sensory conduction velocity (+ 3.2 +/- 1.4 meters per second, p less than 0.032) and no significant changes in 24 other nerve conduction measurements, computer assisted examination, and scored neurologic assessment. Any significant beneficial effect on nerve function resulting from correction of hyperglycemia probably requires more than 3 days to be manifested. PMID- 7031501 TI - Hypokalemic periodic paralysis exacerbated by acetazolamide. AB - Although acetazolamide usually prevents paralytic attacks in hypokalemic periodic paralysis, not all patients benefit from this treatment. We studied a father and two sons in whom attack frequency and severity increased on acetazolamide. Administration of triamterene virtually abolished attacks in three separate single-blind trials totaling more than 12 months. Spontaneous and glucose-insulin provoked occurred with only slight hypokalemia. Acetazolamide produced slight hypokalemia and provoked attacks of weakness whereas triamterene increased potassium levels significantly. Certain patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis are worsened by acetazolamide, perhaps because of its kaliopenic effect. Triamterene may be effective in some of these patients. PMID- 7031502 TI - Biosynthesized products of cultured neuroglial cells: I. Selective release of proteins by cells from human astrocytomas. AB - The proteins synthesized and released by human astrocytoma cells cultured with radiolabeled amino acids were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and by trichloracetic acid precipitation. A select group of extracellular proteins was released from the astrocytomas. The most abundant extracellular proteins were at least 250,000 daltons. Five other major proteins (P 175, P 125, P 60, P 47, and P 40) were 175,000, 125,000, 60,000, 47,000, and 40,000 daltons, respectively. The complement of proteins retained by the cells was considerably more complex than those released. Clinical efforts to enhance the immunologic response directed against human astrocytomas must distinguish between extracellular and retained antigens. The pattern of proteins released by gliomas might be diagnostically useful if present in cerebrospinal fluid or serum. PMID- 7031503 TI - Weekly drug holiday in Parkinson disease. AB - Patients with Parkinson disease and drug-related side effects entered an open trial study in which they stopped all dopaminergic medications for 2 consecutive days each week. Nine of 17 patients could tolerate the cessation of dopaminergic medication, and all of them showed improvement of side effects during the drug holiday and often throughout the week. Patients who could not tolerate withdrawal of medication were identified within 3 weeks by increased tremor or bradykinesia. This at-home drug holiday offers a potential therapy applicable to large numbers of parkinsonian outpatients who suffer progressive drug-related side effects. PMID- 7031504 TI - Lisuride combined with levodopa in advanced Parkinson disease. AB - Lisuride, a semisynthetic ergoline and potent central dopamine and serotonin agonist, was combined with levodopa in 20 patients with advanced Parkinson disease who were no longer responding satisfactorily to levodopa, including 14 patients with "on-off' phenomena. Every patient who completed the 8-week trial improved significantly (p greater than or equal to 0.01), with a decrease in all symptoms. The mean dose of lisuride was 2.4 mg per day. The dose of levodopa (mg of levodopa in Sinemet) was reduced from 1030 to 920 mg. Among the patients with "on-off' phenomena, there was a significant increase in the time in which they were 'on' (mobile) from 4.6 to 9.6 hours. In 5 of 10 patients who have been on lisuride for at least 1 year, there has been no decline in efficacy. PMID- 7031505 TI - [Possible effects of chronic lymphoproliferative diseases and pre-dialytic uremic states on cellular immunity. Their importance in anesthesiology]. PMID- 7031506 TI - [Our experience with intensive therapy of some cases of infantile encephalitis]. PMID- 7031507 TI - [Hemodynamic and blood gas analytic effects of apneic oxygenation in humans in normal and hypovolemic conditions]. PMID- 7031508 TI - [Nitrous oxide. Neurological, circulatory and cellular effects]. PMID- 7031509 TI - [Our experience with the Noble operation]. PMID- 7031510 TI - [Double-blind evaluation of the effectiveness of cimetidine in the arrest of hemorrhages due to gastroduodenal peptic lesions]. AB - 40 patients with an endoscopic diagnosis of bleeding gastric or duodenal lesions have been examined in a double blind study. The haemorrhages were subdivided into slight and serious on the basis of objective parameters. Cimetidine (1.2 g/die i.v.) or placebo in a preparation indistinguishable from the drug were administered to patients. Arrest of the haemorrhage was evaluated on the basis of clinical and endoscopic criteria, and the study was pursued up to 96 hours from the start of bleeding. The effect of cimetidine proved greater than that of the placebo in serious haemorrhage, particularly where due to gastric lesions, but no differences were seen between drug and placebo in the slight haemorrhages. PMID- 7031511 TI - [Splenosis. Description of a case and review of literature]. PMID- 7031513 TI - [Fantasy and reality in the history of medicine. The devil, the witch, and the physician]. PMID- 7031512 TI - [New trends in the treatment of trophic sequelae post-phlebitic syndrome]. AB - Authors analyses most recent concepts on pathogenesis of trophic changes in post phlebitic syndrome: particularly they consider the role of extravascular fibrin deposition, in patients with depressed plasmatic fibrinolytic activity. In this patients, according to recent reports, it seems useful a fibrinolytic therapy to improve trophic conditions of the post-phlebitic limb, particularly in respect to dermatoliposclerosis. Authors refer their experience on a double blind study with stanozolol an anabolizing steroid with fibrinolytic activity: in all treated patients good clinical results were obtained; however no enhancement of plasmatic fibrinolytic activity was demonstrated. PMID- 7031514 TI - [A little-known hymn of medical interest by Jacopone da Todi]. PMID- 7031515 TI - [Mycoplasma pneumoniae bronchopneumopathies]. PMID- 7031516 TI - [Changes in intestinal transit time induced by bromopride in functional diseases of the colon]. AB - Intestinal transit time was studied in two groups of 8 patients with irritable colon. In the first group, the time was longer than normal, whereas in the second it was accelerated. Three subjects in each group received a placebo, while the other five received 60 mg/day bromopride for 15 days. No change in transit time was noted in the controls. Two subjects in Group I displayed a significant reduction in transit time after bromopride, while deceleration and normalisation were observed in 4/5 patients in Group II. PMID- 7031517 TI - [Pyridoxine-sensitive sideroblastic anemias. Survey of the literature and study of a case]. PMID- 7031518 TI - [The role of prostaglandins in vascular and platelet homeostasis, with special reference to pregnancy]. PMID- 7031520 TI - [Action of MAP in adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Clinical results and ultrastructural and histochemical study]. PMID- 7031519 TI - [Therapy of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with synthetic progestogens]. PMID- 7031521 TI - [Applicators for intracavitary curietherapy of carcinoma of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 7031522 TI - [Subarachnoid anesthesia in cesarean section. Considerations on 763 cases]. PMID- 7031523 TI - On the pathogenesis and clinical expression of Menkes' kinky hair syndrome. PMID- 7031524 TI - Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. Volume 38, 1952: pages 405-416: Chemical studies on vitamin bt isolation and characterization as carnitine by Herbert E. Carter, P. K. Bhattacharyya, Katharine R. Weidman and G. Fraenkel. PMID- 7031525 TI - Role of carnitine in branched chain ketoacid metabolism. PMID- 7031526 TI - A perspective on food legislation. PMID- 7031527 TI - Nature. Volume 228, 1970: pages 764-766. Unique biosynthesis by kidney of a biologically active vitamin D metabolite. PMID- 7031528 TI - The Biochemical Journal. Volume 28, 1934: pages 917-925: CXXXI. Pyruvic acid as an intermediary metabolite in the brain tissue of avitaminous and normal pigeons. By Rudolph Albert Peters and Robert Henry Stewart Thompson. PMID- 7031529 TI - Bond strengths of glass-ionomer and polycarboxylate cements to dentine. PMID- 7031530 TI - The Rochette bridge-simple solution to a difficult problem. PMID- 7031531 TI - The dentist's role in fostering good dentist/laboratory/technician relations. PMID- 7031532 TI - Better communication for better service. PMID- 7031533 TI - Diagnosing and prescribing therapeutic attachment-retained partial dentures. PMID- 7031535 TI - Specialty nursing organizations: the list is growing. PMID- 7031534 TI - Medicaid dental reimbursement--New York State is low. PMID- 7031536 TI - Adverse effects of cardiovascular drug therapy on the fetus and neonate. AB - Possible adverse effects of cardiovascular medications on the fetus and the neonate have been reviewed. The major classes discussed were diuretics, antihypertensives, antiarrhythmics, cardiac glycosides, and anticoagulants. The recommendations given must not be considered definitive because they are based on flawed or incomplete information. It is to be hoped that further investigation will improve this situation and will also improve our understanding of the ways in which these drugs act. PMID- 7031537 TI - Pharmacologic considerations of drug use in the lactating mother. AB - The recent increase in the incidence of breast-feeding has given impetus to the study of the excretion of drugs and chemicals into human milk. It appears that the major route of drug appearance in milk is via diffusion from the maternal circulation. In general, maternal plasma levels of a drug dictate milk levels. Un ionized drugs with high lipid solubility and minimal binding to maternal plasma protein diffuse best. The amount of a drug excreted in milk is usually not more than 1 to 2% of the maternal dose. Most studies have been done with single-dose or short-term drug administration. Very few data are available for the mother who receives continuous drug therapy. Environmental chemicals such as insecticides are also a cause for special concern. They are highly lipid soluble and may remain in body fat for very long periods. Indeed, lactation may be the only route of elimination. The effect of even small amounts of these agents on the growing infant is unknown. Further studies are needed to determine the amount of these agents secreted and the possible risk to the nursing infant. PMID- 7031538 TI - Choice of anesthesia for labor and delivery. AB - Skillful administration of a well-chosen anesthetic can ease the birth process for the mother, and can possibly prevent such signs of stress in the fetus as bradycardia and asphyxia, which are caused by uterine vasoconstriction. The survey summarizes current knowledge of physiologic changes in pulmonary, cardiac, renal, and other functions during pregnancy and childbirth and the ways in which anesthesia may affect them. Indications and contraindications for the use of various types of anesthesia in normal and complicated deliveries are discussed, as are ways to prevent or minimize adverse reactions in mother and child. This summary facilitates the practicing obstetrician's understanding of the techniques, advantages, and problems involved with obstetric anesthesia and analgesia. PMID- 7031539 TI - In vivo assessment of the teratogenic potential of drugs in humans. AB - The difficulties in assessing the teratogenic potential of drugs used during pregnancy have been made evident by experiences with thalidomide and diethylstilbestrol (DES). In the case of thalidomide, the drug's ability to cause phocomelia tended to be species specific, and thus animal studies were unreliable indicators of teratogenicity in humans. With DES, the delayed appearance of injury, almost a generation after birth, indicates that short-term studies may fail to reveal serious effects. In both cases only the otherwise rare occurrence of the condition led to the suspicion of a cause-and-effect relationship. Although wide-spread use of drugs such as LSD, heroin, and marijuana has necessitated assessment of their teratogenic potential, a controlled investigation of their effects has so far been impossible to conduct. Both tobacco and alcohol have been associated with adverse effects on the fetus and neonate, but the precise mechanisms by which these effects occur are as yet unclear. There is also reason for concern about the teratogenic potential of environmental pollutants such as organic mercury compounds, lead, and radiation. Furthermore, the fetus may potentially be harmed if a particular drug is not administered (eg, insulin for diabetes during pregnancy). In the final analysis, any potential benefits of therapy for the mother must be weighed against known and unknown risks to the infant. Rational management requires an understanding of the physiologic and pharmacologic principles involved in each case and careful and judicious selection of drug therapy. PMID- 7031540 TI - Diethylstilbestrol and other sex hormones during pregnancy. AB - Intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) has been associated with ths subsequent rare development of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix in exposed female progeny. These tumors have been seen thus far in patients between the ages of 7 and 29 years. In addition, nonmalignant epithelial and structural genital alterations have been frequently observed. The epithelial changes of adenosis, ectropion, metaplasia, and potential neoplasia are considered. Thus far, no increased risk of squamous cell neoplasia has been demonstrated in DES-exposed subjects. However, increased pregnancy wastage, including premature birth, does appear to be more common among DES-exposed women; this increase may be related to the structural uterine and cervical changes that have occurred. DES-exposed men have been demonstrated to have anatomic genital changes, but the effects of these changes, if any, on male infertility are not known. Masculinization of the female external genitalia, including phallic enlargement and labioscrotal fusion, has been reported following intrauterine exposure to certain progestational agents and androgens. PMID- 7031541 TI - Fetal and neonatal effects of cytotoxic agents. AB - Cytotoxic drugs provoke teratogenic and mutagenic effects in animals and humans. Particularly at risk is the developing fetus, which in the first trimester of pregnancy undergoes rapid cell division and organogenesis. Systemic antineoplastic chemotherapy given to a pregnant women at this time may involve fetal risk of abortion, death, stunting, malformation, and systemic toxicity. Other adverse effects may include hematopoietic depression, infection secondary to leukopenia or immunosuppression, hemorrhagic phenomena, and hormonal alterations such as adrenal insufficiency. Although chemotherapy should be withheld during the first trimester unless the health and life of the mother are compromised, a review of the literature reveals that fetal malformation is not inevitable. Furthermore, the risk of fetal malformation following chemotherapy in the second and third trimester is minimal. However, investigators caution that fetal damage, including genetic impairment resulting from chemotherapy throughout pregnancy, may ot appear until much later in life. Most investigators agree that women who have recently recovered from or are being treated for a malignancy should not breast-feed their infants. PMID- 7031542 TI - Maternal and fetal effects of acetaminophen and salicylates in pregnancy. AB - Salicylates have been the most widely studied of the nonnarcotic analgesics in pregnancy, and in the last 20 years evidence has accumulated indicating that their ingestion in pregnancy may have adverse effects on the mother and her child. Salicylates have been found to reduce the mean birth weight of the offspring in animal studies and in 1 human study. In the third trimester of pregnancy the maternal and fetal effects are mediated through the antiprostaglandin properties of salicylates and include prolongation of gestation and labor, increased blood loss at delivery, and increased perinatal mortality. Bleeding manifestations and withdrawal symptoms in newborn infants are associated with raised fetal blood salicylate levels. These effects of salicylates warrant routine antenatal urinary screening for salicylates in communities known to use them heavily. Adverse maternal or fetal effects form acetaminophen use in pregnancy have not been reported, but formal clinical or epidemiologic studies of its use have not been conducted. PMID- 7031544 TI - The effects of chronic gastrointestinal medication on the fetus and neonate. AB - The adverse fetal and neonatal effects of chronic gastrointestinal medication have been reviewed. The major classes discussed are antiemetics, laxatives and antidiarrheal agents, antacids and cimetidine, drugs for irritable bowel syndrome, and drugs for inflammatory bowel disease. The evaluation given are tentative due to the lack of information on most of these drugs. It is hoped that research into the use of this diverse group of medications during pregnancy will be stimulated, so that the large gaps in our knowledge about them can be filled. PMID- 7031543 TI - Risks and benefits of nutritional supplements during pregnancy. AB - This review emphasizes the role of minerals and vitamins in pregnancy. Of the trace elements, iron, copper, zinc, and iodine have a fundamental role in human nutrition. Supplementation of iron, zinc, and iodine in the diet of all pregnant women, when dietary deficiencies exist, seems justified. The average diet in developed countries contains sufficient amounts of various vitamins, with the exception of folic acid, which may require supplementation. However, in developing nations and among poor populations in which the diet is inadequate, additional supplies of micronutrients are advisable. PMID- 7031545 TI - Antimicrobial therapy and the neonate. AB - The newborn is particularly susceptible to bacterial infection because of its underdeveloped immune system. The newborn's inability to localize infection can also delay diagnosis by altering the manifestations of infection. Anti-microbial therapy is complicated, however, by the immaturity and rapid changes in metabolic and physiologic functions during the first weeks of life. Diminished renal function and activity of some hepatic enzymes alter the half-lives of various drugs, making extrapolation from adult dosage impossible. For some drugs there is also a difference in the rate of intramuscular absorption in the newborn as compared with adults and older children. Disease itself may also alter physiologic processes involved in metabolism, bioavailability, and absorption of a drug. This study presents pharmacokinetic data and dose information for penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol in neonates and infants at different gestational and chronologic ages. PMID- 7031547 TI - Considerations of antibiotic therapy during pregnancy. AB - The use of antibiotics in pregnancy requires that the clinician consider both toxicity to and pharmacokinetics for mother and fetus. Although most adverse reactions to antibiotics in the adult are not modified by pregnancy, those to tetracycline and erythromycin estolate are the exceptions. Tetracycline is contraindicated throughout pregnancy because of fetal effects, whereas sulfa preparations, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol are contraindicated only at specific times during gestation. The pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in the mother are such that lower serum concentrations are achieved for a given dose, which may be important in serious or resistant infections. Fetal kinetics are such that transfer to amniotic fluid and distribution within the fetus may not provide adequate protection for the fetus in cases of chorioamnionitis. PMID- 7031546 TI - Pharmacokinetics of fetal and neonatal exposure to drugs. PMID- 7031548 TI - Illness, aging and health care costs. PMID- 7031549 TI - Van Gogh's illness. PMID- 7031550 TI - [Comparison of the level of epithelial cell proliferation in the liver, islands of Langerhans and pancreatic acini of mice from the age and individual viewpoints]. AB - The index of labelled nuclei (ILN) was determined in the mouse liver and pancreas epithelium within 24 hrs following five injections of 3H-thymidine. Five age groups were studied with the mean weight 15, 19, 20.4, 24.3, and 28.2 g. The ILN was equal in hepatocytes, respectively, to 5.2, 0.6, 0.03, 0.13 and 0.02%, in pancreatic islet cells to 4.6, 4.1, 1.7, 1.5, and 0.7%, and in acinar cells to 0.4, 1.1, 0.07, 0.30, and 0.10%. Marked individual ILN variations were observed. In hepatocytes the highest ILN in each age group correlated positively with maximal absolute liver weight and, in four groups, with its maximal relative weight. The maximal ILN indices did not coincide for the three cell types. A suggestion is put forward on relationship between ILN fluctuations and unequal character or organ growth and asynchrony of growth of different organs. PMID- 7031551 TI - Naloxone-associated morbidity and mortality. AB - Naloxone (Narcan) is generally considered to be a narcotic antagonist devoid of pharmacologic activity except for its reversal of opioid (narcotic) effects. Case reports indicate that naloxone in its role of narcotic antagonist may induce hypertension, pulmonary edema, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, or cardiac arrest in certain patients, particularly those with pre-existing cardiac abnormalities. These adverse effects of naloxone may be due to extreme sympathetic nervous system activity resulting from the reversal of narcotic analgesia, an effect of the drug on peripheral or central opioid receptors or a drug interaction with other anesthetic agents. Any patient given naloxone, particularly in the presence of surgical pain, should be closely monitored for adverse cardiovascular effects. PMID- 7031552 TI - Diagnostic use of immunoperoxidase techniques for plasma cell lesions of the jaws. PMID- 7031553 TI - Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity. A review of forty-nine cases. AB - Verrucous carcinoma is a distinctive, extremely well-differentiated, slow-growing variant of the squamous cell carcinoma. Forty-nine cases of this neoplasm were gathered from the Oral Pathology Service at the Emory University School of Dentistry from 1965 to 1979. The most common site of occurrence was the buccal mucosa, followed by the mandibular alveolar ridge and gingiva. The majority of our patients were between the ages of 50 and 80 years, and most of them were Caucasians. Although most other series of oral verrucous carcinoma show a male predominance, almost 60 percent of our cases occurred in females. The role of radiation therapy in treatment of oral verrucous carcinoma is controversial, and adequate surgical excision appears to be the treatment of choice. PMID- 7031554 TI - Evaluation of the apical seal obtained with endodontic implant stabilizers and different cementing materials. AB - Preliminary research was conducted to evaluate in vitro the apical seal obtained with endodontic implant stabilizers in conjunction with four different cement sealers. Standard laterally condensed gutta-percha cones and sealer were used as a control. Apical leakage was measured with the use of methylene blue dye solution. Gross leakage patterns resulted from endodontic implants cemented with both zinc phosphate and polycarboxylate. However, leakage appeared notably reduced when the implants were cemented with cyanoacrylate and Kerr Tubli-Seal. Statistical analysis showed that the lateral condensation of gutta-percha cones and sealer yielded the largest proportion of favorable results. Even so, none of the techniques employed was totally effective for obtaining a hermetic sealing of the root canal. PMID- 7031555 TI - [Transcutaneous buried suture of the Achilles tendon in fresh ruptures]. PMID- 7031556 TI - [Filling bone defects with osteo-periosteal-muscular transplant on the nutrient pedicle]. PMID- 7031557 TI - [Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov (on the 170th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7031558 TI - [L. Ollier and his role in the development of surgery and transplantology (on the 150th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7031559 TI - [Kidney function in gout patients based on N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase, human serum albumin and beta-2 microglobulin levels]. PMID- 7031560 TI - [August Forel (1848-1931)]. PMID- 7031561 TI - [Remembering Helmholtz...]. PMID- 7031562 TI - [Memorabilia of Ferenc Entz in Mezokomarom]. PMID- 7031563 TI - [Clinical experiences using free mucosal transplants with suture and fibrin adhesive technics in periodontology and prosthetics]. PMID- 7031564 TI - [Critical evaluation of alginate impression technics]. PMID- 7031565 TI - Physiology of the endocrine system. PMID- 7031566 TI - Medicare after 15 years. PMID- 7031567 TI - Medicare changes ease home health care financing. PMID- 7031568 TI - Low dose heparin prophylaxis for deep venous thrombosis in acute spinal cord injury patients: a controlled study. AB - Acute spinal cord injury patients were assigned alternately to a control and a heparin prophylaxis group to determine the effect of 5,000 micro sodium heparin subcutaneously every 12 hours on the incidence of venous thrombosis as detected by impedance plethysmography of the lower extremities. Venous thrombosis was unexpectedly uncommon in both the control (I of 17) and the heparinised (1 of 15) group, suggesting an unidentified, overriding prophylactic factor. PMID- 7031569 TI - [Findings on an epidemic of human trichinelliasis verified in Italy]. AB - The present article completes the information already given in previous papers (Mantovani et al., 1976; Bellani et al., 1977; Mantovani, 1978) and is connected with the research on the infection of horses by Pampiglione et al. (1978). In September 1975 an epidemic of Trichinellosis involving at least 89 people was reported at Bagnolo in Piano (Reggio Emilia). This present article describes the epidemiological investigations. In the introductory part, the Trichinellosis outbreaks are summarized which were reported in Italy during this century along with research on domestic and wild animals. The Bagnolo in Piano outbreak is described with special reference to: A) onset of the disease and symptoms; B) age and sex of the patients; C) serological tests; D) isolation of Trichinella and its classification as Trichinella nelsoni by S.N. Boev. In the epidemiological survey the following is reported: A) detection of the infection source, attributed to the meat from an imported horse; B) identification of the infection period; C) exclusion of possible adulterations; D) exclusion of possible infection sources, with the exception of horse meat; E) absence of Trichinella in domestic and synanthropic animals in the involved area. The Discussion and Conclusions stress that the outbreak presented some features in common with a similar outbreak in Paris. These features consisted of a series of conditions: 1) the exceptional infection of a horse, possibly by ingestion of an infected rodent; 2) the local habit of eating raw horse meat; 3) the occurrence of the outbreak in a Trichinella-free area, which required and permitted an accurate survey. PMID- 7031570 TI - [Multiple esophageal carcinomas and their association with primary carcinomas of other organs]. PMID- 7031571 TI - [Anatomo-clinical considerations on 2 cases of congenital listeriosis (1st reports in the Cagliari district) and review of the literature]. PMID- 7031572 TI - [Statistical evaluation of intraoperative histopathological diagnosis using cryostat microtome sections]. PMID- 7031573 TI - [Subcutaneous and intramuscular atypical lipoma and well differentiated retroperitoneal liposarcoma]. PMID- 7031574 TI - Adenomatoid tumor of the male genital tract: report of three cases, one associated with adrenal cortical rest. PMID- 7031575 TI - Allergic rhinitis. PMID- 7031576 TI - Acute upper airway obstruction: croup and epiglottitis. PMID- 7031577 TI - Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. PMID- 7031578 TI - The role of pediatric nurse practitioners in the tonsil and adenoid study. PMID- 7031579 TI - Radiologic imaging in otorhinolaryngology. PMID- 7031580 TI - Symposium on pediatric otolaryngology. Vascular abnormalities. PMID- 7031581 TI - Voice disorders in children: structure and evaluation. PMID- 7031582 TI - Cognitive and psychosocial development of 4-year-old children whose mothers were treated antenatally with betamethasone. AB - The present study was part of a larger study investigating the long-term development of children of mothers included in a controlled trial of betamethasone therapy in preterm labor, the purpose was to determine whether there are any benefits or hazards of treatment detectable up to the seventh year of life. The first 318 children of mothers included in the trial because of spontaneous premature labor were selected for study. Of 305 survivors, 258 (84.6%) were included in this phase of the study. Detailed tests of psychological development, together with assessments of psychosocial background, were made during the fifth year. Of the 258 children 144 were in the betamethasone group and 114 were control patients. Despite a heavy weighting of the betamethasone group with more prematurely delivered infants and more boys (resulting from improved perinatal survival of these children associated with betamethasone therapy), no significant differences emerged between the groups in measures of outcome. It was concluded that betamethasone therapy, under the conditions of the original trial, was not hazardous to cognitive development as measured in this study. PMID- 7031583 TI - Nature and rates of adverse reactions associated with DTP and DT immunizations in infants and children. AB - In 784 DT and 15,752 DTP immunizations given to children 0 to 6 years of age who were prospectively studied for reactions occurring within 48 hours following immunization, minor reactions were significantly more frequent following DTP vaccine. The ratio of reaction rates associated with DTP and DT immunizations (DTP/DT) for selected local and systemic reactions was as follows: local redness, 37.4%/7.6%; local swelling, 40.7%/7.6%; pain, 50.9%/9.9%; fever, 31.5%/14.9%; drowsiness, 31.5%/14.9%; fretfulness, 53.4%/22.6%; vomiting, 6.2%/2.6%; anorexia, 20.9%/7.0% and persistent crying, 3.1%/0.7%. Following DTP immunization nine children developed convulsions and nine developed hypotonic hyporesponsive episodes. No sequelae were detected following these reactions. PMID- 7031584 TI - Spectrum of Salmonella-associated arthritis. AB - Arthritis is an uncommon extraintestinal manifestation of Salmonella infection. Three patients with Salmonella-associated arthritis with varying manifestations were seen at Children's Hospital Medical Center in an 11-month period: (1) a 12 year-old girl developed suppurative arthritis due to Salmonella typhimurium that required surgical drainage and prolonged parenteral antibiotic therapy; (2) a 12 year-old girl had migratory polyarthritis following gastrointestinal infection with S typhimurium; the acute synovitis subsided after a six-month period following anti-inflammatory medications; (3) a 14-year-old girl developed conjunctivitis, urethritis, and polyarthritis (Reiter's syndrome) in association with Salmonella gastroenteritis. These patients illustrate the distinct types of arthritis associated with Salmonella gastroenteritis. These patients illustrate that distinct types of arthritis associated with Salmonella, and the association of this organism with both suppurative joint disease and reactive arthritis is reemphasized. PMID- 7031585 TI - [Alterations of fetal growth]. PMID- 7031586 TI - [Current aspects of bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 7031587 TI - [Function of the islands of Langerhans and the course of diabetes mellitus in children]. PMID- 7031588 TI - [Insulin secretion, glucose tolerance test and various indicators of lipid metabolism in children with hereditary diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7031589 TI - [Infections after splenectomy]. PMID- 7031590 TI - Baccalaureate education in nursing: key to a professional career in nursing 1981 82. PMID- 7031591 TI - Master's education in nursing: route to opportunities in contemporary nursing 1981-82. PMID- 7031592 TI - Doctoral programs in nursing 1981-82. PMID- 7031593 TI - Associate degree education for nursing 1981-82. PMID- 7031594 TI - Stress reduction: implications for personal and professional development. PMID- 7031595 TI - [Forerunners of uroscopy in times preceding laboratory diagnosis]. PMID- 7031596 TI - [Pleuropneumonia in pigs due to Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. I. A bibliographical review (author's transl)]. AB - During the last twenty years pleuropneumonia in pigs, caused by Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, has spread globally. The increasing importance of the disease within swine production is apparently connected with increasing industrialization and subsequent heavy concentration of a large number of animals in the individual production unit. Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae seems to be specific for pigs. Several more or less pathogenic serotypes of the bacterium are known. Serotype 2 as occurring in Denmark is primary pathogen for pigs which have not previously been in contact with the infection. Immunity of varying strength and duration is left after recovery. Prolonged immunity in an animal is presumably dependent on latent infection or on repeated infections. Normally there is a large number of latently infected animals in attacked herds. Such animals, especially sows and boars, represent a potential infection reservoir which might be the basis of new clinical outbreaks under conditions of reduced herd immunity or of compromised general resistance of animal groups. Clinical disease is most frequently seen in young pigs and fatteners, as piglets are generally protected by maternal antibodies. Acute pleuropneumonia is characterized by high temperature, lost appetite, light cough and often vomiting. Morbidity is high, especially by new infection where there may also be considerable mortality if adequate antibacterial therapy is neglected, however, normally the disease implies low mortality. The pathological lesions are localized to the respiratory organs. The lungs are the seat of fibrinous necrotising pneumonia (red, grey hepatization), more or less extensive, most frequently of the diaphragmatic part of the lung. Furthermore fibrinous, later on fibrous pleuritis and pericarditis may be seen. The fibrous pleuritis may be of decisive diagnostical value when established with high frequency in baconers. The disease causes losses as a consequence of increased use of medicine and reduced daily weight gain in fatteners. Optimum environment and feeding conditions will reduce such losses considerably. The use of commercially available vaccines makes it possible to fortify specific resistance against the disease in exposed groups of animals. In small herds with few infected animals the infection may be eliminated by discarding seropositive animals, combined with strategic medication. Elimination of the infectious agent in large herds can only take place by replacing all animals by an SPF-herd. PMID- 7031597 TI - [Immunity of autoantibodies to islands of Langerhans in diabetics]. PMID- 7031598 TI - [Islet cell antibodies in diabetic patients with other autoimmune diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The presence of antibodies directed against pancreatic islet cells was investigated in 18 insulin pendent diabetic patients with autoimmune disease (Group 1), in 8 insulin-independent diabetic patients with autoimmune disease (Group 2), in 42 non-diabetic patients with thyroid antibodies (Group 3), in 18 patients with antibodies against gastric parietal cells (Group 4) and in 100 healthy subjects (controls). Islet cell antibodies were found in 46% of group 1 patients and in only 1 patient of group 3 and 1 control. This would suggest the existence of a special form of autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes characterized by a high incidence of islet cell antibodies and associated with other autoimmune diseases. PMID- 7031599 TI - [Islet-cell antibodies and organ-specific antibodies in diabetic children and adolescents. Relationship with age, age at onset, duration of diabetes, residual insulin secretion and retinopathy (author's transl)]. AB - The prevalence of islet-cell antibodies and of 10 organ-specific auto-antibodies was determined in 71 diabetic children and adolescents whose mean duration of diabetes was 4 1/2 years. Forty-four p. cent of the patients had autoantibodies; 15% had islet-cell antibodies and 31% had organ specific antibodies. The prevalence of antinuclear, gastric parietal cell and striated muscle antibodies was significantly higher in diabetics than in controls. There was no relationship between prevalence of antibodies and age of the diabetics nor age at the onset of the disease. The frequency of circulating islet-cell antibodies tended to decrease with the duration of diabetes while organ-specific antibodies remained stable. The study failed to demonstrate any correlation between measurable C peptide and the presence of autoantibodies. Diabetic retinopathy, diagnosed by fluorescein angiography, was not related to the presence of autoantibodies. PMID- 7031600 TI - [Hypothermia: a new approach to the treatment of cancer (author's transl)]. AB - Hyperthermia has been known since the last century to be effective against cancer, but it has only developed into a new therapeutic method during the past 20 years. The authors review the theoretical and experimental backgrounds of fever therapy and discuss its local and general applications currently under study, including possible synergistic effects with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Particular attention is paid to systemic hyperthermia. PMID- 7031601 TI - [The blood of Altamira or the birth of hematology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031602 TI - Control of promoter utilization by bacteriophage T4-induced modification of RNA polymerase alpha subunit. AB - After infection of Escherichia coli cells, bacteriophage T4 induces several changes in the host DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. A well-characterized chemical change is a two-step ADP-ribosylation of the enzyme's alpha subunit (1). In order to investigate the effect of this change on RNA polymerase transcriptional properties in an in vitro system, we have reconstituted the enzyme from separated individual subunits which were obtained from normal or T4-modified RNA polymerases. It is demonstrated that the enzymes containing T4-modified alpha differ from the enzymes with normal alpha in two respects: (i) their overall activity on T4 DNA is reduced and (ii) they fail to utilize certain T4 promotors while efficiently utilizing other promoters. Among the promoters which are switched off by alpha modification are the two promoters of the D region and one of the two promoters of the T4 tRNA gene cluster. The differential effect of alpha modification on the expression of the tRNA and the D regions in vitro correlates with the previously established pattern of their transcription in vivo. It is suggested that the T4-induced ADP-ribosylation of RNA polymerase alpha subunit is involved in the shutoff of the early bacteriophage genes at the late stage of phage development. PMID- 7031603 TI - Yeast deRNA viral transcriptase pause products: identification of the transcript strand. AB - ScV-L is a double-stranded RNA virus of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The virus possesses a capsid-associated transcriptase activity the product of which is a single-stranded RNA complementary to only one strand of the double-stranded RNA template (L). We show that the U-rich 3' terminus of L is the initiation site of transcription and that a number of pause products are made. One prominent product has the sequence pppGAAAAAUUUUUAAAUUCAUAUAACUOH. PMID- 7031604 TI - Mapping tRNA structure in solution using double-strand-specific ribonuclease V1 from cobra venom. AB - A method for mapping all base-paired stems in both elongation and initiator tRNAs is described using double-stranded-specific ribonuclease V1 from the venom of the cobra Naja naja oxiana. 32p-end-labeled RNA is first partially digested with double-strand-specific V1 nuclease under near physiological conditions, and the resultant fragments are than electrophoretically fractionated by size in adjacent lanes of a polyacrylamide gel run in 90% formamide. After autoradiography, the base-paired nucleotides are definitively located by comparing V1 generated bands with fragments of known length produced by both Neurospora endonuclease and base specific ribonucleases. Using the substrates yeast tRNAPhe an E, coli tRNAfMet of known three-dimensional structure, we find V1 nuclease to cleave entirely within every base-paired stem. Our studies also reveal that nuclease V1 will digest paired nucleotides not hydrogen-bonded by standard Watson-Crick base-pairing. In yeast tRNAPhe cleavage of both wobble base-pairs and nucleotides involved in tertiary base-base hydrogen bonding is demonstrated. PMID- 7031605 TI - Fine mapping of secondary structures of fd phage DNA in the region of the replication origin. AB - A synthetic heptaribonucleotide, GACCCCC, which is complementary to a unique site on fd bacteriophage DNA, primes DNA synthesis of fd by T4 bacteriophage DNA polymerase. The rate of the GACCCCC-primed DNA synthesis was not uniform as reflected by the appearance of discrete DNA fragments as replication intermediates on an alkaline agarose gel. After 10 minutes of synthesis a significant fraction of the DNA product ran as a single band with a length of about 1960 nucleotides. We have isolated this DNA fragment, hybridized back to unlabeled fd DNA template, and mapped the Taq I restriction fragments by urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This fine mapping procedure has located two major pause sites at fd nucleotide positions 5575 and 5674. These sites reside in the stem of two very stable hairpin helices near the origin of DNA replication of fd. Models for the functional roles of these two hairpin helices are presented. PMID- 7031606 TI - Purification and characterization of a uracil-DNA glycosylase from the yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - An activity which releases free uracil from bacteriophage PBS1 DNA has been purified over 10,000 fold from extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzyme is active on both native and denatured PBS1 DNA and is active in the absence of divalent cation, and in the presence of 1 mM EDTA. The enzyme has a negative molecular weight of 27,800 as estimated by glycerol gradient centrifugation and gel filtration. Enzyme activity has been recovered after denaturation in SDS and electrophoresis in an SDS polyacrylamide gel. This analysis suggests that the enzyme consists of a single polypeptide chain of about 27,000 daltons. Normal levels of uracil-DNA glycosylase activity were found in partially purified extracts of the nitrous-acid sensitive rad18-2 mutant of yeast. PMID- 7031607 TI - A minimal mechanism for abortive initiation of transcription of T7 DNA. AB - A steady state kinetic analysis of product inhibition in abortive initiation of transcription at promoters A1 and A3 of T7 DNA was carried out. The obtained kinetic data are in agreement with a mechanism of ordered product release with pppApU being released first from the central complex. A minimal general mechanism for abortive initiation satisfying the kinetic results is given. The stimulation of transcription of T7 DNA by pppApU at low substrate concentrations was investigated. PMID- 7031608 TI - Secondary structure model for 23S ribosomal RNA. AB - A secondary structure model for 23S ribosomal RNA has been constructed on the basis of comparative sequence data, including the complete sequences from E. coli. Bacillus stearothermophilis, human and mouse mitochondria and several partial sequences. The model has been tested extensively with single strand specific chemical and enzymatic probes. Long range base-paired interactions organize the molecule into six major structural domains containing over 100 individual helices in all. Regions containing the sites of interaction with several ribosomal proteins and 5S RNA have been located. Segments of the 23S RNA structure corresponding to eucaryotic 5.8S and 25 RNA have been identified, and base paired interactions in the model suggest how they are attached to 28S RNA. Functionally important regions, including possible sites of contact with 30S ribosomal subunits, the peptidyl transferase center and locations of intervening sequences in various organisms are discussed. Models for molecular 'switching' of RNA molecules based on coaxial stacking of helices are presented, including a scheme for tRNA-23S RNA interaction. PMID- 7031609 TI - About the possibilities of registration of drug influence by means of radiocardiographic function analysis. AB - Changes in cardiac dynamics were analyzed by means of radiocardiographic function analysis under an infusion of epinephrine using the method of RAB. Typical changes in heart rate, stroke volume and blood pressure were observed after the application of epinephrine. Compared to examinations under physical exercise in case of healthy control subjects there was no typical decrease of enddiastolic volume dependent on the heart rate. Ejection time and ejection velocity was placed within the variation compared to values of a control group under physical exercise but there was a steeper increase of the curve under the effect of epinephrine. Under the influence of Solcoseryl no significant change could be observed in this series of tests compared to the basic values. The effect of epinephrine was changed by Solcoseryl in the way of an essentially smaller rise in heart rate and of a definite prolongation in diastolic time. A change in ejection time under the influence of epinephrine after the application of Solcoseryl could not be found. This allows the conclusion, that under the influence of Solcoseryl and after the administration of epinephrine better conditions for the metabolic restitution of heart muscle are given and consequently a direct effect of Solcoseryl on the heart muscle can be assumed. PMID- 7031610 TI - Interaction of fMet-tRNAfMet, Met-tRNAfMet, and Met-tRNAmMet with bacterial elongation factor Tu:GTP complex: discrimination against fMet-tRNAfMet. AB - Dissociation constant of aminoacyl-tRNA:EF-Tu:GTP complex into aminoacyl-tRNA and EF-Tu:GTP was estimated by the RNase-resistance assay developed by us. The experimental results showed that EF-Tu:GTP has a high affinity for Met-tRNAfMet (E. coli) and Met-tRNAmMet, but not fMet-tRNAfMet. The process of the formylation for Metm-tRNAfMet may provide a security against incorrect translation at GUG (valine) and UUG (leucine) codons in the elongation step. PMID- 7031611 TI - Oxanosine, a novel nucleoside from actinomycetes. AB - Oxanosine, a novel nucleoside, has been isolated from the culture filtrate of a strain of Streptomyces. The structure was determined to be 5-amino-3-beta-D ribofuranosyl-3H-imidazo [4,5-d] [1,3]oxazin-7-one by X-ray crystallographic analysis and chemical studies. Oxanosine showed weak antibacterial activity on peptone agar; for example, Escherichia coli K-12 (MIC 12.5 mcg/ml). The antibacterial activity was antagonized by addition of guanine, guanosine and 5' guanylic acid. Oxanosine inhibited the growth of HeLa cells in vitro (IC50 32 mcg/ml) and suppressed the growth of L-1210 leukemia in mice. The primary action of oxanosine appears to be inhibition of GMP-synthetase. Intravenous injection of 4 mg of oxanosine to mice does not show any toxic sign. PMID- 7031612 TI - Specificity in the interaction of 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole with polynucleotides. AB - The binding of a fluorescent dye, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) to polynucleotides was investigated by UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that there are two types of bindings. In a higher concentration of DAPI, where UV spectroscopy is a suitable means for detecting the binding, the association of DAPI is independent of base compositions and the types of sugar moiety in spite of the spectral difference between DNA and RNA complexes with DAPI. On the other hand in a lower concentration of DAPI, where only fluorescence is measured to detect the binding, the degree of association is dependent upon the sugar types as well as base compositions. PMID- 7031613 TI - What has become of the traditional nurse? PMID- 7031614 TI - Bilateral stereotactic amygdalotomy. PMID- 7031615 TI - The QA museum. PMID- 7031616 TI - The man who reformed hospital kitchens (Alexis Benoit Soyer). PMID- 7031617 TI - The role of the nurse clinical research associate in testing a new drug. PMID- 7031618 TI - Renal transplants: transplant to a better life. PMID- 7031619 TI - [Negative precipitin test after surgical treatment of pulmonary and pleural aspergillosis]. PMID- 7031620 TI - [Tuberculosis mortality in Lancut and environs 1786-1970. Study of the epidemic]. PMID- 7031621 TI - [Functional disorders of the cilia of the respiratory tract epithelium in the light of changes in their ultrastructure]. PMID- 7031622 TI - [Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin antibodies in urinary tract infection]. PMID- 7031623 TI - [Work capacity evaluation by the exercise tests]. PMID- 7031624 TI - [Historical traditions of the Warsaw Medical Academy. Lecture delivered on the inauguration of the 1979-1980 academic year on 2 October 1979]. PMID- 7031625 TI - [Depression as a general medical problem]. PMID- 7031626 TI - An electron microscopic and biochemical study of the effects of insulin on newborn rat hepatocytes. AB - Certain effects of insulin administration on newborn rat hepatocytes were studied using biochemical assays, electron microscopy and quantitative morphometry. Insulin produced an inhibition of postnatal hyaloplasmic glycogen breakdown, of lysosomal glycogen breakdown and of the development of the Golgi apparatus. The insulin-treated animals showed a low activity of the enzyme, acid alpha 1,4 glucosidase (maltase). The results support the postulate that the catabolism of lysosomal glycogen is controlled by those agents that regulate the catabolism of hyaloplasmic glycogen (Am. J. Path., 63: 1-17 and Am. J. Path., 63: 23-36, 1971). Control could be mediated through changes in the activity of the lysosomal acid alpha 1,4-glucosidase. PMID- 7031627 TI - What to do until the FDA arrives. AB - The need for clinical monitoring to assure drug safety despite reliance on Food and Drug Administration testing is illustrated. The need to temper theory with clinical experience is exemplified by the recent examples of swine flu, resistant gonorrhea, and resistant pneumococcal infection. The potential for adverse effects to escape detection in animal studies and small-scale human trials is illustrated by the examples of ticrynafen, chloramphenicol, and diethylstilbestrol. The potential for unexpected side effects when established drugs are used in new ways is demonstrated by the examples of retrolental fibroplasia and vitamin D toxicity. The responsibilities of the medical profession and the individual practitioner include a healthy skepticism of newly introduced treatments, active participation in clinical monitoring, and maintenance of a system for chart retrieval when drugs are recalled or new effects reported. PMID- 7031628 TI - Urinary tract infections. 2. Therapeutic approach. AB - Acute urethral syndrome is effectively treated with a standard course of an appropriate oral antibiotic. Cystitis can be treated similarly but, because it is regarded as benign in normal hosts, may be better treated symptomatically. Acute pyelonephritis requires a parenteral antibiotic because of its frequent association with bacteremia. In chronic pyelonephritis, an oral antibiotic is chosen for long-term use on the basis of its ability to penetrate damaged renal tissue. When urinary tract infection recurs, reinfection must be differentiated from relapse. Reinfection usually requires long-term antimicrobial therapy, but relapse often has a potentially reversible underlying cause and merits extensive diagnostic workup. Chronic prostatitis constitutes a greater therapeutic problem than acute prostatitis because of difficulty with antibiotic penetration. PMID- 7031629 TI - Replacement therapy for end-stage renal failure. PMID- 7031630 TI - Aminophylline suppositories and sustained-release tablets compared in bronchospasm. PMID- 7031631 TI - The three royal doctors of Betchworth. PMID- 7031632 TI - Kidney transplantation. PMID- 7031633 TI - Behaviour therapy in general practice. PMID- 7031634 TI - Prazosin and methyldopa in hypertension. PMID- 7031635 TI - Fenbufen in arthritis. A report from the General Practitioner Research Group. PMID- 7031636 TI - From medicine to President [Sun Yat Sen]. PMID- 7031637 TI - [Relation disorders and functional relaxation therapy]. PMID- 7031638 TI - [Stroke--neuroradiological diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031639 TI - [Treatment of benign essential hypertension with an association of spironolactone and thiabutazide: an open multicenter study in general practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031640 TI - [Centenary of the birth of Prof. N. G. Stoiko]. PMID- 7031641 TI - Reinitiation of translation from the triplet next to the amber termination codon in the absence of ribosome-releasing factor. AB - Ribosome releasing factor (RR factor) releases ribosomes from mRNA at the termination codon in Escherichia coli. In the absence of this factor, polypeptides with molecular weights very close to the molecular weight of bacteriophage R17 coat protein were synthesized in vitro under the direction of a mutant R17 phage RNA having an amber mutation at codon 7 of the coat cistron. The major coat-protein-like product shared all the R17 coat protein sequence except that the seven NH2-terminal amino acids were missing. The minor product had the complete coat protein sequence starting from formylmethionine except for a probable amino acid substitution at codon 7 (UAG). Addition of RR factor inhibited the synthesis of the major protein. These results indicate that, in the absence of RR factor, the ribosome that has released the NH2-terminal hexapeptide at the amber codon stays on the mRNA and subsequently reinitiates translation "in phase" immediately after the amber codon without formylmethionine. PMID- 7031642 TI - tif-1 mutation alters polynucleotide recognition by the recA protein of Escherichia coli. AB - The requirements for polynucleotide-dependent hydrolysis of ATP and for proteolytic cleavage of phage lambda repressor have been examined for both the wild-type (recA+ protein) and the tif-1 mutant form [tif(recA) protein] of the recA gene product. The recA+ and tif(recA) proteins catalyze both reactions in the presence of long single-stranded DNAs or certain deoxyhomopolymers. However, short oligonucleotides [(dT)12, (dA)14] stimulate neither the protease nor the ATPase activities of the recA+ protein. In contrast, these short oligonucleotides activate tif(recA) protein to cleave lambda repressor without stimulating its ATPase activity. Moreover, both the ATPase and protease activities of the tif(recA) protein are stimulated by poly(rU) and poly(rC) whereas the recA+ protein does not respond to these ribopolymers. We have purified the recA protein from a strain in which the tif mutation is intragenically suppressed. This mutant protein (recA629) is inactive in the presence of (dT)12, (dA)14, poly(rU), and poly(rC) for lambda repressor cleavage and ATP hydrolysis. These results argue that the tif-1 mutation (or mutations) alters the DNA binding site of the recA protein. We suggest that in vivo the tif(recA) protein is activated for cleaving repressors of SOS genes by complex formation with short single-stranded regions or gaps that normally occur near the growing fork of replicating chromosomes and are too short for activating the recA+ enzyme. This mechanism can account for the expression of SOS functions in the absence of DNA damage in tif mutant strains. PMID- 7031643 TI - 32P-labeling test for DNA damage. AB - Covalent adducts formed by the reaction of DNA with chemical carcinogens and mutagens may be detected by a 32P-labeling test. DNA preparations exposed to chemicals known to bind covalently to DNA [N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, dimethyl sulfate, formaldehyde, beta-propiolactone, propylene oxide, streptozotocin, nitrogen mustard, and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea] were digested to a mixture of deoxynucleoside 3'-monophosphates by incubation with micrococcal endonuclease (EC 3.1.31.1) and spleen exonuclease (EC 3.1.16.1). The digests were treated with [gamma-32P]ATP and T4 polynucleotide kinase (ATP:5' dephosphopolynucleotide 5'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.78) to convert the monophosphates to 5'-32P-labeled deoxynucleoside 3',5'-bis-phosphates. These compounds were then separated on polyethyleneimine-cellulose thin layers in ammonium formate and ammonium sulfate solutions. Autoradiograms of the chromatograms obtained by this high-resolution procedure showed the presence of nucleotides derived from chemically altered, as well as normal, DNA constituents. Maps from DNA exposed to any of the chemicals used exhibited a spot pattern typical for the particular chemical. This method detected a single adduct in 10(5) DNA nucleotides without requiring that the compound under investigation be radioactive and thus provides a useful test to screen chemicals for their capacity to damage DNA by covalent binding. PMID- 7031644 TI - Fibronectin-like protein in Porifera: its role in cell aggregation. AB - Experiments were carried out on a freshwater sponge (Ephydatia mulleri) in order to demonstrate the presence of fibronectin in Porifera. By using antibodies to highly purified human plasma fibronectin, the presence of a similar or identical protein could be demonstrated in the membranes of E. mulleri cells such as epithelial cells, fibroblast-like cells, and choanocytes. The reaction was specific, could be abolished by the addition of excess fibronectin, and was not observed with nonimmune rabbit serum. The immune fluorescent reaction became stronger when the sponge cells were pretreated with acetone and could also be observed, although with a less intense staining, on the intercellular matrix. This shows the predominant presence of a sponge fibronectin-like protein in the cell membranes and also its presence to a lesser extent in the intercellular matrix. When dissociated sponge cells were led to reassociate under the microscope, reassociation could be completely inhibited by anti-human fibronectin antiserum up to a dilution of 1:120 and partially inhibited up to a dilution of 1:240. The reassociation of dissociated sponge cells could also be inhibited by the addition of purified gelatin but not with serum albumin or with a normal, nonimmune rabbit serum. These results clearly indicate that a sponge cell fibronectin-like protein may play an important role as the (or one of the) recognition site(s) of the aggregation factor(s) and can therefore be directly involved in cell association, morphogenesis, and differentiation. PMID- 7031645 TI - Effect of vinblastine on distribution of murine leukemia virus-derived membrane associated antigens. AB - The effect of vinblastine on the distribution of murine leukemia virus-derived membrane-associated antigens was examined by using the indirect immunofluorescence of 3.7% formaldehyde-fixed MJD-54 (Moloney murine leukemia virus-infected) cells. On fixed, non-drug-treated cells, p30 antigen was distributed homogeneously and diffusely over the cell membrane. When cells were incubated with 10 microM vinblastine for 1 hr before fixation, the distribution of p30 antigen was greatly changed, fluorescence now being collected into poles (cap-like formation). In contrast to this distribution pattern for p30 antigen, gp70 antigen was distributed in a micropunctate pattern on the cell surface, with or without vinblastine pretreatment. These observations indicate that the distribution patterns of p30 and gp70 membrane antigens are completely different and that they are differently controlled by cytoplasmic microtubules. In addition, because the p30 membrane antigen visualized in these studies most likely represents viral Pr65gag precursor molecules which are localized directly under and associated with the plasma membrane, these results suggest that, under special conditions of fixation, it is possible to obtain a cap-like phenomenon for cytoplasmic (internal) membrane-oriented proteins. PMID- 7031646 TI - pH homeostasis in Escherichia coli: measurement by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance of methylphosphonate and phosphate. AB - The intracellular pH of Escherichia coli cells, respiring on endogenous energy sources, was monitored continuously by 31P NMR over an extracellular pH range between 5.5 and 9. pH homeostasis was found to be good over the entire range, with the data conforming to the simple relationship intracellular pH = 7.6 + 0.1(external pH - 7.6) so that the extreme values observed for intracellular pH were 7.4 and 7.8 at external pH 5.5 and 9, respectively. As well as inorganic phosphate, we employed the pH-sensitive NMR probe methylphosphonate, which was taken up by glycerol-grown cells and was nontoxic; its pKa of 7.65 made it an ideal probe for measurement of cytoplasmic pH and alkaline external pH. PMID- 7031647 TI - Structured habitats and the evolution of anticompetitor toxins in bacteria. AB - We demonstrate that in liquid cultures, defined in this study as a mass habitat, the outcome of competition between Escherichia coli that produce an antibacterial toxin (colicin) and sensitive E. coli is frequency dependent; the colicinogenic bacteria are at an advantage only when fairly common (frequencies in excess of 2 X 10(-2)). However, we also show that in a soft agar matrix, a structured habitat, the colicinogenic bacteria have an advantage even when initially rare (frequencies as low as 10(-6)). These contrasting outcomes are attributed to the colicinogenic bacteria's lower intrinsic growth rate relative to the sensitive bacteria and the different manner in which bacteria and resources are partitioned in the two types of habitats. Bacteria in a liquid culture exist as randomly distributed individuals and the killing of sensitive bacteria by the colicin augments the amount of resource available to the colicinogenic bacteria to an extent identical to that experienced by the surviving sensitive bacteria. On the other hand, the bacteria in a soft agar matrix exist as single-clone colonies. As the colicinogenic colonies release colicin, they kill neighboring sensitive bacteria and form an inhibition zone around themselves. By this action, they increase the concentration of resources around themselves and overcome their growth rate disadvantage. We suggest that structured habitats are more favorable for the evolution of colicinogenic bacteria. PMID- 7031648 TI - Potential for selection among nearly neutral allozymes of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli. AB - Six gnd alleles coding for naturally occurring allozymes of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [6-phospho-D-gluconate:NAD(P)+ 2-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.43] have been transferred by transduction into the genetic background of Escherichia coli K-12 and examined for their selective effects in chemostats in which gluconate was limiting. Four of the alleles are evidently neutral or nearly neutral, inasmuch as their selective effects, if any, fall below the limit of resolution of the procedure--0.5%/hr or about 1% per generation. One allele is detrimental in limiting gluconate but not in limiting glucose or fructose. Another allele has a detrimental, density-dependent, epistatic interaction with tonA. We suggest that all six alleles are neutral or nearly neutral in natural populations but that they are not functionally equivalent; their functional differences are potentially important because they can become expressed as differences in fitness under the appropriate conditions of environment or genetic background. Under these conditions, otherwise neutral alleles can become subject to selection. PMID- 7031649 TI - Genetic control of insulin receptors. AB - Insulin-binding activity was measured in hepatocyte suspensions and liver membrane preparations from newborn mice homozygous for a perinatal-lethal deletion at and around the albino locus in chromosome 7. Cell suspensions and membrane preparations from the mutant mice exhibited only 20-25% of the specific hormone-binding activity observed in comparable preparations from their homozygous normal and heterozygous littermates. The decrease in insulin-binding activity appears to be attributable to a decrease in the number of insulin receptor sites per cell rather than to a change in receptor affinity. Gene sequences deleted at and around the albino locus are therefore instrumental in the regulation of insulin receptor concentration rather than in coding for the insulin receptor itself. The results of the present studies extend the identification of the regulatory functions exerted by the genes around the albino locus of the mouse. PMID- 7031650 TI - Selective loss of antigen-specific Ir gene function in IA mutant B6.C-H-2bm12 is an antigen presenting cell defect. AB - Immune responses to several soluble antigens were compared between B6.C-H-2bm12 mutant and wild-type B6 mice by using a lymph node T-cell proliferation assay. B6.C-H-2bm12 mice failed to respond to beef insulin whereas other IA gene controlled responses, such as response to poly(L-Tyr, L-Glu)--poly(DL-Ala, L-Lys) and collagen, were indistinguishable between mutant and wild-type mice. The responses to multideterminant antigens such as ovalbumin and purified protein derivative of tuberculin were also found to be comparable in B6.C-H-2bm12 and B6 mice, thus indicating that this mutation resulted in a selective loss of the ability to respond to a certain antigen(s)--e.g., beef insulin. Populations depleted of adherent cells have been used to examine the mechanism by which Ia molecules mediate Ir gene control of antigen recognition. We show that the nonresponsiveness to beef insulin in the mutant mouse is the result of defective antigen presentation. In addition, we find that F1 hybrids between two nonresponders--B6.C-H-2bm12 and B10.A or B10.AKM (IAk) mice--become responders to beef insulin, thus demonstrating gene complementation. These findings taken together with other serologic and biochemical studies in the B6.C-H-2bm12 present convincing genetic evidence for the direct association of the A beta polypeptide chain of the Iab molecules with the expression of immune responsiveness to beef insulin. Study of the B6.C-H-2bm12 mouse should provide new insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which Ir genes determine the nature of the immune response. PMID- 7031651 TI - Characterization of T-cell surface proteins bound by heterologous antisera to antigen-specific T-cell products. AB - Heterologous antisera specific for murine T-cell antigen-recognition molecules were prepared by immunization of rabbits with dinitrophenyl-specific murine T cell suppressor factors that had been purified by hapten-affinity chromatography. The antisera (i) bind to antigen-specific T-cell products that differ in their antigen-recognizing specificity; (ii) absorb the specific suppressor activity in preparations containing suppressor factors; (iii) stain all Lyt2+ T cells brightly in indirect immunofluorescence examination, stain some Lyt1+ cells (with low intensity), and do not stain B cells; (iv) precipitate cell membrane proteins from T cells that bear striking structural resemblance to the antigen-specific molecules used for immunization. These results suggest that, like B cells, there is a commonality between antigen-specific effector molecules released by T cells and their membrane-associated receptors. PMID- 7031652 TI - Suppression of a "recurrent" idiotype results in profound alterations of the whole B-cell compartment. AB - The progeny of BALB/c female mice actively immunized with the trinitrophenyl binding myeloma protein MOPC460 and producing anti-idiotypic antibodies during pregnancy were compared with mice born of normal mothers for several characteristics of B lymphocytes and their precursors. In all cases, maternal anti-idiotypic immunity resulted in the suppression of the expression of that idiotype by immunocompetent cells in the progeny, as shown by limiting-dilution analysis in single clones of mitogen-reactive IgM-secreting cells. At critical concentrations of circulating maternal antibodies, suppression of the antibody idiotype was found to be accompanied by a large increase in the total number of mature small B lymphocytes. This increase can be accounted for by the selective expansion of B cells bearing nonimmunoglobulin surface structures crossreactive with a MOPC460 idiotope recognized by a monoclonal antibody. In addition, the large majority of newly formed mature B lymphocytes, as well as a large fraction of immunoglobulin-negative cells in the bone marrow of suppressed mice, bear such nonimmunoglobulin MOPC460 crossreactive determinant(s). These results suggest that the suppression of a given "recurrent" idiotype has profound consequences for a large part of the immune system. PMID- 7031653 TI - Expression of major histocompatibility antigens on pancreatic islet cells. AB - Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is often accompanied by manifestations of autoimmunity and is frequently associated with certain HLA haplotypes, predominantly DR3 and DR4. Because the major histocompatibility antigens are important determinants of the immune response in various tissues, we have investigated their expression on the pancreatic islet cells. Human, mouse, or rat islets of Langerhans, as well as lymphocytes or other differentiated cells, were biosynthetically labeled with radioactive amino acids, lysed in detergent, and immunoprecipitated with several antisera specific for major histocompatibility antigenic groups. The immunoprecipitates were analyzed by NaDodSo4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions followed by autoradiography. The major histocompatibility antigens corresponding to the H-2 K,D molecules in mice, the H1-A in rats, and the HLA-A, -B, and -C in humans were precipitated from both islet and lymphocyte lysates and were accompanied by beta 2-microglobulin. Binding of H-2 antibodies to islet cells was also confirmed by a radioligand assay using 125I-labeled protein A and by indirect immunofluorescence. Analyses in the fluorescence-activated cell sorter revealed that greater than 95% of the cells in the beta-cell-rich fraction were fluorescent, providing further evidence that the pancreatic beta cells express the major histocompatibility antigens. Monoclonal antibodies or mouse alloantisera against HLA-DR or Ia antigens did not react with labeled pancreatic islet cell proteins. PMID- 7031654 TI - Adult T-cell leukemia: antigen in an ATL cell line and detection of antibodies to the antigen in human sera. AB - Indirect immunofluorescence of certain human sera demonstrated an antigen(s) in the cytoplasm of 1--5% of the cells of a T-cell line, MT-1, from a patient with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), which is endemic in southwestern Japan. The antigen was not detected in other human lymphoid cell lines, including six T-cell lines, seven B-cell lines, and four non-T non-B cell lines. The antigen did not show cross antigenicity with that of herpesviruses, including Epstein--Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, herpesvirus saimiri, and Marek disease virus. The proportion of antigen-bearing cells was increased by a factor of approximately 5 on culture in the presence of 5-iodo-2' deoxyuridine. Antibodies against the antigen in MT-1 cells were found in all 44 patients with ATL examined and in 32 of 40 patients with malignant T-cell lymphomas (most of them had diseases similar to ATL except that leukemic cells were not found in the peripheral blood). The antibodies were also detected in 26% of the healthy adults examined from ATL-endemic areas but in only a few of those examined from ATL-non-endemic areas. On electron microscopy, extracellular type C virus particles were detected in pelleted MT-1 cells cultured in the presence of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine. PMID- 7031655 TI - Monoclonal antibody against a Burkitt lymphoma-associated antigen. AB - A monoclonal antibody, referred to as 38.13, was obtained by fusing murine myeloma cells with Lewis rat splenocytes sensitized with Daudi cells (human Burkitt lymphoma containing Epstein--Barr virus genome but lacking HLA-A, -B, and -C and beta 2-microglobulin molecules at the cell surface). 38.13 antibody was demonstrated to be a rat IgM. By complement-dependent microcytotoxicity and indirect immunofluorescence assays, 38.13 antibody was shown to react specifically with cells derived from Burkitt tumors, including both Epstein--Barr virus genome-carrying and Epstein--Barr virus-negative Burkitt lymphoma. By contrast, Epstein--Barr virus-containing lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from normal B lymphocytes were not recognized by 38.13 antibody. Fresh malignant cells from patients affected with various lymphoproliferative disorders were negative, except 4/8 having abdominal Burkitt-like lymphomas. Normal lymphocytes from peripheral blood, spleen, lymph node, tonsil, and bone marrow and mitogen (phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and concanavalin A)-activated blasts were also negative. Thus, 38.13 antibody apparently recognized a Burkitt-associated antigen that is not related to Epstein--Barr virus. The pattern of reactivity of 38.13 antibody with various Burkitt lymphoma cells appeared quite heterogenous and some Burkitt cells were consistently negative. 38.13 antibody thus defines a subset of Burkitt lymphomas. PMID- 7031657 TI - Arrangement of the subunits in the ribosome of Escherichia coli: demonstration by immunoelectron microscopy. AB - The three-dimensional locations of Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins S13, L1, and L7/L12 on the surface of ribosomal subunits and 70S monomeric ribosomes were determined by electron microscopy of antibody-labeled ribosomal particles. A new approach to orient the subunits within 70S ribosomes was developed that used 30S.70S.50S triples that were prepared by simultaneous combination with one antibody directed against a 30S protein and another directed against a 50S protein. Electron microscope studies of triples obtained with the antibody combinations anti-S13/anti-L1 and anti-S13/anti-L7/L12 showed that, in 70S monomeric ribosomes, the head of the 30S subunit is proximate to protein L1 and the peptidyl transferase center but far from the rod-like appendage containing proteins L7 and L12. PMID- 7031656 TI - Clones of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum obtained by microscopic selection: their characterization with regard to knobs, chloroquine sensitivity, and formation of gametocytes. AB - A culture line of Plasmodium falciparum (FCR-3/Gambia) was used to select and place in culture cells containing a single parasite. The method depends on examination of minute droplets of dilute cell suspensions with oil immersion phase-contrast microscopy. Droplets found to contain a single parasite were maintained under appropriate culture conditions until detectable numbers of parasites were present (generally by day 21). Of nine clones that grew up, seven were knobless and two were knobby. The clones differed somewhat in chloroquine sensitivity. Their 50% inhibition point under one set of conditions in vitro ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 micrograms of base per ml, compared with only 0.003 micrograms for the highly sensitive line FCR-8/West Africa. All three tested clones formed gametocytes under appropriate in vitro conditions. PMID- 7031658 TI - Purification of a membrane-bound metalloendopeptidase from porcine kidney that degrades peptide hormones. AB - A porcine kidney microsomal metalloendopeptidase has been enriched 3900-fold. Gel filtration on a calibrated Toyo-Soda G-3000 SW column indicated an appropriate molecular weight for the endopeptidase of 88,000 +/- 2000. The purified enzyme is inhibited by a number of synthetic inhibitors of thermolysin. The endopeptidase hydrolyzes the succinyl (Suc)-containing fluorogenic peptide substrate Suc-Ala Ala-Phe-(7-amino-4-methylcoumarin) at the Ala-Phe position with a Km of 2.9 X 10( 4) M. The endopeptidase also hydrolyzes a variety of peptides including corticotropin, substance P, angiotensin I and II, neurotensin, somatostatin, bradykinin, and the renin tetradecapeptide substrate. The endopeptidase hydrolyzes both [Leu]- and [Met]enkephalin at the Gly-Phe bond. PMID- 7031659 TI - Prolactin induces release of a factor from membranes capable of stimulating beta casein gene transcription in isolated mammary cell nuclei. AB - Crude microsomes from lactating rabbit mammary gland were incubated with prolactin. The incubation mixture was centrifuged and the supernatant was incubated with isolated mammary cell nuclei from lactating rabbits treated for 4 days by bromocryptin to antagonize prolactin and to deinduce casein gene transcription. Nuclei were incubated with HgCTP, and the newly synthesized mercurated RNA was isolated on SH-Sepharose columns. The content of beta-casein mRNA sequences in the fraction eluted with 2-mercaptoethanol was estimated with a [(3)H]cDNA probe obtained from partially purified beta-casein mRNA. The supernatant markedly stimulated beta-casein gene transcription but not 28S rRNA transcription. The same effect was obtained with other lactogenic hormones such as human growth hormone and ovine placental lactogen but was not observed with bovine growth hormone, insulin, parathyroid hormone, luteotropic hormone, or epidermal growth factor. Prolactin and human growth hormone were totally inactive when added directly to nuclei. The factor stimulating beta-casein gene transcription was also generated by membranes containing prolactin receptors such as those from liver, ovary, adrenals, and brain but not by membranes from heart, lung, and muscle, which do not bind prolactin. The factor stimulated beta-casein transcription when added to mammary nuclei from pseudopregnant or bromocryptin treated lactating rabbits, in which the transcription rate is submaximal, but was ineffective on mammary nuclei prepared from untreated fully lactating rabbits. The factor was unable to induce beta-casein gene transcription in nuclei isolated from rabbit liver and reticulocytes. The factor did not stimulate the transcription of globin genes in nuclei isolated from reticulocytes or the transcription of mammary "housekeeping" genes evaluated by a cDNA probe prepared from total mRNA isolated from an unstimulated mammary gland. The transcription of beta-casein genes was abolished by adding alpha-amanitin to the medium in the presence or in the absence of the factor, indicating that the generation of mercurated beta-casein mRNA sequences depended upon the transcriptional activity of RNA polymerase II. The addition of the factor to the incubation mixture did not enhance total and alpha-amanitin-sensitive RNA synthesis. These data suggest that the binding of prolactin to its receptor in vitro induces the formation of a second messager, which specifically stimulates the transcription of prolactin sensitive genes. PMID- 7031660 TI - Changes in the hydrogen exchange kinetics of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase produced by effector binding and subunit association. AB - Large changes in solvent accessibility to aspartate transcarbamylase (aspartate carbamoyltransferase, carbamoylphosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2), as monitored by tritium exchange, result from binding of substrates and substrate analogs to the catalytic subunit (c3), binding of nucleoside triphosphates to the regulatory subunit (r2), and subunit association. Rates of exchange are reduced in each of these cases, although to different degrees. Succinate, in the presence of carbamoyl phosphate, retards exchange from c3 no more than carbamoyl phosphate alone, and less than N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate, a bisubstrate analog. Larger changes in rates of exchange from r2 are produced by CTP than by ATP; however, both CTP and ATP accelerate exchange from c3 to the same extent. The changes in the kinetics of exchange that result from binding of both substrate analogs and nucleoside triphosphates to the native enzyme (c6r6) are much smaller. Carbamoyl phosphate, with or without succinate, retards exchange only slightly, while the bisubstrate analog has a somewhat larger effect. Experiments with reconstituted enzyme, in which only c3 is tritium labeled, indicate that changes in solvent accessibility produced by active site ligands are largely confined to c3. Neither CTP nor ATP alters the overall rate of exchange from c6r6 significantly. The possibility of opposing changes in the two types of subunits was ruled out in experiments in which only one subunit was labeled. The nonadditive effects of ligation and subunit association imply a set of responsive protons common to both processes and suggest that they are linked not only thermodynamically and functionally but also dynamically. PMID- 7031661 TI - Cloning and sequence of cDNA coding for alpha 1-antitrypsin. AB - Recombinant plasmids containing human and baboon cDNA have been screened for alpha 1-antitrypsin, a major serine protease inhibitor present in blood. One plasmid, designated pBa alpha 1a2, was found to contain a cDNA insert of 1352 base pairs coding for the baboon inhibitor. It included 45 nucleotides that code for 15 amino acids present in the amino-terminal signal sequence of the protein, 1182 nucleotides that code for 394 amino acids in the mature protein, a stop codon, and a noncoding region of 76 nucleotides. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of baboon alpha 1-antitrypsin, human antithrombin III, and chicken ovalbumin indicated that these three proteins are about 230% homologous. A second plasmid, designated pH alpha 1a1, was found to contain a human cDNA insert of 306 base pairs. This plasmid coded for 69 amino acids present in the carboxyl terminal region of human alpha 1-antitrypsin. The human and baboon cDNAs and their amino acid sequences are greater than 96% homologous. PMID- 7031662 TI - Insulin-induced receptor loss in cultured human lymphocytes is due to accelerated receptor degradation. AB - We have measured the turnover rate of the polypeptide subunits of the insulin receptor in cultured human lymphocytes (IM-9 line) and have investigated the mechanism of insulin-induced receptor loss. To estimate the rate of receptor degradation, lymphocytes were either pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine or surface labeled with Na125I and lactoperoxidase. The insulin receptor was isolated by immunoprecipitation with anti-receptor antibody, and the rate of loss of radioactivity from each receptor subunit was determined after sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two major (Mr 135,000 and 95,000) and one minor (Mr 210,000) subunits were found. By both labeling methods, the half lives of the major insulin receptor subunits were 9--12 hr in normal media. When the cells were cultured in media containing 1 microM insulin the turnover was accelerated 2.5- to 3.5-fold (half-life approximately 3 hr). The increase in degradation rate was dependent on the insulin concentration and correlated well with the ability to "down-regulate" the receptor. Guinea pig insulin was about 2% as active as porcine insulin in accelerating degradation, and human growth hormone was without effect. The acceleration of receptor degradation induced by insulin was partially blocked by 100 microM cycloheximide. The rate of biosynthesis of the insulin receptor did not appear to be altered in the presence of 1 microM insulin after correction for the change in degradation rate. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that insulin-induced receptor loss in cultured lymphocytes is due to accelerated receptor degradation. PMID- 7031663 TI - Microtubules and microfilaments during cell spreading and colony formation in PK 15 epithelial cells. AB - We have studied the distribution of microtubules and microfilaments during the cell spreading and subsequent colony formation in PK 15 pig kidney epithelial cells using indirect immunofluorescence. During the cell spreading on a solid substratum, microtubules grew out from the region around the nucleus, and a collar of microfilament bundles formed around the cell periphery. Although virtually all well-spread cells showed a complex microtubular network, distinctly different patterns of stress fibers were observed. In small colonies, the most commonly observed pattern was a ring of microfilament bundles that appeared to be in register between adjacent cells and encircled the entire colony in a fashion similar to that seen in single cells. In large colonies (more than 50 cells), approximately 60% of the cells displayed clearly stained microfilament bundles, either at the cell periphery or throughout their cytoplasm, whereas in the remaining 40%, no microfilament bundles were observed and only the outline of the cells was delineated by interaction with anti-actin. Such "negative" cells were seen in groups alongside "positive" cells (i.e., cells possessing extensive stress fiber networks) within the same colony. Independent of their stress fiber phenotype, all cells maintained a flattened shape and an extensive network of microtubules. We suggest that dense microfilament bundles are not a uniform feature of well-spread PI 15 cells in culture and that a loss of microfilament bundle occurs in some cells. PMID- 7031664 TI - Direct effect of insulin on the synthesis of specific plasma proteins: biphasic response of hepatocytes cultured in serum- and hormone-free medium. AB - Monolayers of chicken embryo hepatocytes. cultured in chemically defined medium, retain the ability to synthesize a wide spectrum of plasma proteins for several days in the absence of added hormones. Addition of insulin to the medium elicited a biphasic stimulation of plasma protein synthesis: a rapid response of the synthesis of a limited number of plasma proteins (e.g., albumin and alpha 1 globulin "M"), then, after prolonged exposure to the hormone, the involvement of additional plasma proteins (e.g., fibrinogen and lipoproteins). Synthesis of transferrin and a few other plasma proteins was not affected by the presence of insulin. The degree of stimulation for the most response plasma proteins ranged between 2- to 4-fold during the early phase and 10- and even 30-fold during the late phase of the cells' response t insulin. Stimulated synthesis in the early phase was detected within 1 hr and was rapidly reversible. Plasma protein synthesis in culture was sensitive to concentrations of insulin below 0.35 nM, well within the physiological range. The delayed response was elicited only at higher hormone levels. Parallels between the control of synthesis of plasma proteins in this system and that observed in diabetic animals suggest that the embryonic chicken hepatocytes may be a useful model for studying liver function in diabetes as well as insulin action in general. PMID- 7031666 TI - Alternate pathways of DNA replication: DNA polymerase I-dependent replication. AB - We have previously shown that some Escherichia coli [derivatives of strain HS432 (polA1, polB100, polC1026)] can replicate DNA at a restrictive temperature in the presence of a polCts mutation and that such revertants contain apparent DNA polymerase I activity. We demonstrate here that this strain of E. coli becomes temperature-resistant upon the introduction of a normal gene for DNA polymerase I or suppression of the polA1 nonsense mutation. Such temperature-resistant phenocopies become temperature-sensitive upon introduction of a temperature sensitive DNA polymerase I gene. Our results confirm that DNA replication is DNA polymerase I-dependent in the temperature-resistant revertants, indicating that an alternative pathway of replication exists in E. coli. HS432 contains a transducible locus (which we term pcbA) that can support an alternate pathway in other E. coli strains, so the effect of suppression of polCts is a general one. PMID- 7031665 TI - Base-pair substitution hotspots in GAG and GCG nucleotide sequences in Escherichia coli K-12 induced by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II). AB - Cell killing and mutation induction by cis- and trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 in Escherichia coli were examined by studying forward mutagenesis in the lacI gene in cells with different repair capacities. Survival experiments showed that repair-proficient cells were slightly more sensitive for the cis isomer than for the trans isomer, whereas repair-deficient RecA and UvrB cells were extremely sensitive only for the cis compound. cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 induced mutagenesis in both wild-type cells and RecA cells but not in UvrB cells; whereas no detectable mutagenesis was induced by treatment with the trans compound. Examination of the nature of the mutations induced by cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2, by using the LacI system, revealed that base-pair substitutions leading to nonsense mutants are only induced in wild-type cells, suggesting that the intact products of both the uvrB and the recA gene are necessary for the repair responsible for this type of mutagenesis. Investigation of the nonsense mutants reveals that 70% of these mutations result from GC leads to TA or GC leads to AT substitutions at sites where the guanine is part of a GAG or GCG sequence. These results are discussed in relation to existing theories on the interaction between Pt compounds and DNA. A model for Pt--DNA adducts, leading to base-pair substitutions, is proposed. PMID- 7031667 TI - Chi activity during transduction-associated recombination. AB - Chi is a genetic element that stimulates phage lambda recombination by the Escherichia coli recBC pathway during lytic infection [Stahl, F. W. (1979) Annu. Rev. Genet. 13, 7--24]. Herein we show that chi in lambda prophage influences exchange distribution in P1 phage-mediated transduction and in conjugation. This demonstration encourages the view that chi may influence genetic exchange in E. coli in the total absence of lambda. PMID- 7031668 TI - Anti-K562 cell monoclonal antibodies recognize hematopoietic progenitors. AB - The K562 leukemia cell has properties of self-renewal and pluripotency similar to those of the hematopoietic stem cell. Monoclonal antibodies to K562 cells have been produced by using hybridoma technology. By radioimmunoassay, some anti-K562 cell antibodies also bind to erythrocyte antigens or peripheral blood mononuclear cells; others are more specific for K562 cells. Antibody binding to hematopoietic progenitors was assayed by using the ability of these cells to form colonies in vitro. After exposure of human bone marrow cells to anti-K562 antibodies and complement, myeloid or erythroid colony formation was inhibited. Some of the inhibitory antibodies showed little binding to mature blood cells by radioimmunoassay, immunofluorescence, and complement cytotoxicity, suggesting that they recognize antigens specific to undifferentiated cells. With the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, one inhibitory antibody was shown to stain only 3% of bone marrow cells. Inhibitory anti-K562 antibodies also bind to myelogenous leukemia cells and virus-transformed lymphocytes. Thus, these antibodies appear to recognize antigens shared by normal hematopoietic progenitors, leukemic cells, and transformed lymphocytes. PMID- 7031669 TI - H-2 antigen expression on teratocarcinoma cells passaged in genetically resistant mice is regulated by lymphoid cells. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that resistance and susceptibility to the 402AX testicular teratocarcinoma are under genetic control in the mouse. Under normal culture conditions or when passaged in genetically susceptible hosts, the nullipotent 402AX cells do not express H-2 antigens. However, when passaged in genetically resistant animals, the tumor cells become strongly positive for H-2 antigens in the absence of other indications of differentiation. These studies suggested that H-2 antigen modulation on teratocarcinoma cells is mandatory for an effective host cell-mediated immune response against this tumor. The present studies further examine the role of H-2 antigen modulation on teratocarcinoma cells and determine which host cell populations are mediating H-2 modulation on the tumor cells. Reconstitution of lethally irradiated susceptible hosts with resistant bone marrow extends the mean survival time of the host but does not confer complete resistance. Teratocarcinoma cells passaged in such reconstituted hosts do not express H-2 antigens. Two lines of evidence suggest that H-2 antigen modulation is mediated by lymphoid cells: (i) sublethal irradiation of genetically resistant hosts inhibits H-2 antigen modulation on teratocarcinoma cells passaged in vivo and (ii) immunological priming can overcome the loss of H 2 modulation that is normally associated with aging in genetically resistant hosts. Genetically susceptible mice can be fully reconstituted for tumor rejection and H-2 antigen expression on teratocarcinoma cells by reconstitution with genetically resistant bone marrow plus lymphoid cells from tumor-primed resistant hosts. These results: (i) imply the necessity for H-2 antigens on tumor cells for an effective host cell-mediated immune response against the tumor, and (ii) indicate that host lymphoid cells regulate H-2 antigen expression on tumor cells passaged in vivo. PMID- 7031670 TI - Serotonin receptor-mediated stimulation of bovine smooth muscle cell prostacyclin synthesis and its modulation by platelet-derived growth factor. AB - Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 0.5 microM and above) stimulated the synthesis of prostacyclin (as measured by radioimmunoassay of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha) by bovine aortic smooth muscle cells in culture. This effect was structurally specific; a similar response was not elicited by the other indoles (tryptophan, n acetylserotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan, melatonin, or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid) or by the amines phenylephrine, isoproterenol, dopamine, or histamine). The response was reversible and was saturable at serotonin concentrations of 10 microM or higher. An increase in prostacyclin synthesis was elicited by the addition of a serotonin agonist, quipazine (1 microM and above), and antagonized by the serotonin receptor blockers cyproheptadine, methysergide, or methiothepin but not by other aminergic receptor-blocking drugs (e.g., phentolamine or propranolol). This effect was selective for cell type because serotonin or quipazine (100 microM) did not increase prostacyclin synthesis by bovine aortic endothelial cells. The addition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to cultures of smooth muscle cells dramatically enhanced prostacyclin synthesis in response to the coadministration of serotonin. PDGF greatly increased the maximum response to serotonin without altering the half-maximal effective concentration for serotonin. This synergistic interaction was blocked by the addition of a serotonin-receptor blocking agent. Taken together, these data suggest that serotonin stimulates smooth muscle prostacyclin synthesis through a specific receptor-mediated mechanism that can be modulated by PDGF. PMID- 7031671 TI - Recovery from prolonged abnormalities of canine myocardium salvaged from ischemic necrosis by coronary reperfusion. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the biochemical, functional, and ultrastructural abnormalities produced by brief temporary coronary occlusions (unassociated with necrosis) ever resolve and, if so, when they do. Anesthetized open-chest dogs were subjected to 15 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 72 hr, 7 days, or 14 days of reperfusion. Serial in vivo myocardial biopsies were performed for measurement of ATP and for ultrastructural analysis. Regional function was evaluated by sonomicrometry. Mean (+/- SEM) myocardial ATP concentration was 36.6 +/- 1.2 nmol/mg of cardiac protein in nonischemic subendocardium and 18.9 +/- 1.5 in ischemic subendocardium after 15 min of ischemia. ATP remainede performed for measurement of ATP and for ultrastructural analysis. Regional function was evaluated by sonomicrometry. Mean (+/- SEM) myocardial ATP concentration was 36.6 +/- 1.2 nmol/mg of cardiac protein in nonischemic subendocardium and 18.9 +/- 1.5 in ischemic subendocardium after 15 min of ischemia. ATP remainede performed for measurement of ATP and for ultrastructural analysis. Regional function was evaluated by sonomicrometry. Mean (+/- SEM) myocardial ATP concentration was 36.6 +/- 1.2 nmol/mg of cardiac protein in nonischemic subendocardium and 18.9 +/- 1.5 in ischemic subendocardium after 15 min of ischemia. ATP remained depressed in the reperfused previously ischemic subendocardium at both 90 min (68% of nonischemic value) and 72 hr (78% of nonischemic value) but returned to normal at 7 days. Regional systolic function and cardiac ultrastructural abnormalities required 7 days for full recovery. Histologic and histochemical analysis did not reveal necrosis at any time. Therefore, biochemical, functional, and ultrastructural abnormalities induced by brief periods of transient coronary occlusion not associated with necrosis do resolve completely but the recovery period is prolonged. PMID- 7031672 TI - Qualitative abnormalities in insulin binding in a patient with extreme insulin resistance: decreased sensitivity to alterations in temperature and pH. AB - Cultured lymphocytes transformed by Epstein--Barr virus were employed to study insulin receptors from a patient with extreme insulin resistance associated with the syndrome of leprechaunism. With cultured lymphocytes from normal subjects, insulin binding to its receptor is exquisitely sensitive to changes in temperature and pH. In cells from normal subjects, insulin binding was increased by approximately 250% as the temperature was decreased from 37 degrees C to 12 degrees C. In contrast, with cells from the leprechaun, insulin binding was only approximately 30% higher at 12 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. Similarly, insulin binding to cells from the leprechaun was markedly less sensitive to changes in pH, as compared to cells from normal subjects. Binding studies suggested that the number of insulin receptors per cell was within the normal range in this patient. Despite the unusual characteristics of insulin binding in cells from this insulin resistant patient, the receptors were typical in at least two respects: (i) binding was inhibited normally by antibodies to the receptor; and (ii) the specificity for insulin analogs was normal (chicken insulin greater than porcine insulin much greater than guinea pig insulin greater than porcine proinsulin). This patient has an inborn error affecting insulin receptor function. The receptor's binding function was abnormal in having decreased sensitivity to alterations in temperature and pH. However, the level of insulin binding to cells from the leprechaun was within normal limits. Consequently, the hormonal resistance probably results from a decreased ability of the receptor to couple insulin binding to insulin action. PMID- 7031673 TI - Pathogenesis of BVD virus infection in adult bulls, a factor in production of BVD virus free semen. PMID- 7031674 TI - A review of selected references dealing with Leptospira interrogans serovar (serotype) Hardjo. PMID- 7031675 TI - Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies in monkeys infected with Mycobacterium bovis. PMID- 7031676 TI - Environmental sources of Mycobacterium avium for infection of animals and man. PMID- 7031677 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7031678 TI - Effects of sex steroids on ethanol pharmacokinetics and autonomic reactivity. AB - Several lines of evidence indicate that female sex steroids, especially estrogen, interact with ethanol pharmacokinetics. Both animal and human studies are consistent in indicating that voluntary intake of alcohol decreases with increasing estrogen concentrations. Such effects are equivocal with progesterone and nonexistent with testosterone. There is some suggestion that estrogen modulates monoamine oxidase activity and via that mechanism alters sympathetic nervous system tone. Alterations in sympathetic nervous system tone, in turn, can alter gastric motility and absorption of alcohol from stomach and intestines. Several types of studies, both animal and human, indicate that high estrogen concentrations also impair ethanol metabolism. At present the exact mechanism of action for this effect is not known. Future studies investigating this aspect are indicated. At present the effect of sex steroids on performance and its interaction with alcohol do not show a clear relationship. There are contrary pieces of information both for and against the view that menstrual cycle, performance and alcohol interact. PMID- 7031679 TI - Subcellular fractionation of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase in the rat testicles. AB - The subcellular distribution of the enzymes primarily involved in the metabolism of ethanol and acetaldehyde were made in the rat testis and in the epididymis. The enzymes measured were alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). They were NAD-dependent, temperature sensitive and displaying maximal activity in the presence of pyrophosphate buffer at pH 9.8. Both enzymes were readily measurable in the 10% (w/v) testicular and epididymal homogenates. The ADH activity was mainly localized in the nuclear and in the cytosolic fractions of the testis compared to the absence of measurable ADH activity in the epididymis. Testicular ALDH was measurable in all subcellular preparations, i.e. in the nuclear, in the mitochondrial, in the cytosolic and in the microsomal fractions. Maximal testicular ALDH activity was determined in both the nuclear and the cytosolic components compared to a lower microsomal ALDH activity. Determination of Km shows that cytosolic ALDH possesses the lowest apparent Km as contrasted with a high value for the mitochondrial ALDH. Testicular cytosolic ADH but not ALDH was noncompetitively inhibited by 3-methoxytyramine, histamine and d amphetamine in vitro. PMID- 7031680 TI - Steroidal actions and voluntary drinking of ethanol by male and female rats. AB - The effect of certain steroidal compounds with estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties on voluntary intake of ET by rats with preference to ET of both sexes was studied. The effect of a nonsteroidal antiandrogenic compound and its biologically active metabolite (SCH-16423) on these parameters was also evaluated. The observed behavioral drinking profile of ET was studied in conjunction with determination of L-ADH and L-ALDH as a function of drug treatment in both sexes. Acute administration of estrogenic compounds, estradiol and ethinyl estradiol, decreased voluntary drinking of ET by male and female rats, respectively. Short-term administration of the antiestrogenic compound TMX resulted in aversion to ET consumption in the male but not in the female rat. Acute administration of the SCH-16423 but not its parent nonsteroidal antiandrogen compound FL decreased ET drinking from predrug treatment. The biochemical results show an inhibitory action by the steroidal compound on hepatic L-M-ALDH with a lack of biochemical effect of FL and SCH-16423 on these enzymes. The results are discussed in conjunction with those available in literature to propose a hepatic-gonadal link in the preference to ET drinking and indicate that the underlying mechanism is probably related to the inhibitory action of estrogenic compounds used on L-M-ALDH. PMID- 7031681 TI - Alcoholism and reproduction. AB - A brief overview of the reproductive capacities of both men and women in alcoholism is presented. A historical evaluation indicates a resurgence of interest in this area. The effect of chronic alcohol consumption on both male fertility and potency is reported in conjunction with alcohol-mediated effects on the female subject. Emphasis is placed on pharmacokinetics, metabolism and drinking behavior of the alcoholic female. The adverse actions of some therapeutic drugs and chronic alcohol consumption is discussed in relationship to fetal alcohol syndrome and the accompanied mental and somatic abnormalities. PMID- 7031682 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome: neurochemical and endocrinological abnormalities. AB - From clinical and experimental studies it is evident that maternal alcohol intake produces deleterious effects on the development of offspring. In infants, these effects can range from lowered birth weight, general retardation of growth and development with functional deficits, to mental retardation with fetal alcohol syndrome. In animals, exposure to alcohol at a level not associated with classical teratological effects can still cause alterations in neural/synaptic development and hormonal secretion. Growth deficiencies and behavioral alterations have also been observed in pups exposed to ethanol in utero. The mechanisms underlying these actions of alcohol are not yet known because the factors that regulate normal growth and development of the central system are still poorly understood. PMID- 7031683 TI - Neuroendocrine effects of fetal alcohol exposure. AB - While the actions of alcohol on endocrine function in adults are well-documented, the effects of fetal exposure to alcohol on neuroendocrine function in neonates and adults are only beginning to be investigated. Recent reports are reviewed which demonstrate effects of fetal alcohol exposure on pituitary-adrenal function, GH secretion, thyroxine levels and sexual differentiation in newborn rodents. Our studies of the long-term effects of fetal and early postnatal exposure to alcohol on pituitary-adrenal and body temperature responses to a challenge dose of ethanol in adult rats are described. Both responses are enhanced in prenatally, but not in postnatally exposed rats, indicating that the effects of fetal alcohol exposure on physiological systems, such as the endocrine and thermoregulatory systems, persist to adulthood. Based on apparent similarities in the somatic and cerebral deficits which occur following fetal alcohol exposure and neonatal corticosteroid treatment, a hypothesis is developed for the role of alcohol-induced activation of the HPA axis during gestation in the adverse effects of fetal alcohol exposure. PMID- 7031684 TI - Multiple sites of methylation in the methyl accepting chemotaxis proteins of Escherichia coli. AB - The methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP) of E coli show at least five bands when subjected to SDS-gel electrophoresis. The intensity of the individual bands varies depending on the environment of the cells before solubilization. The faster migrating bands are enhanced following attractant stimulation, whereas the slower migrating bands are enhanced following attractant dilution or repellent increase. The time scale of these intensity changes is similar to that for adaptation of the behavioral response in these cells suggesting that methylation of the MCP is involved in producing these bands. Peptide mapping experiments show three methylated peptides in both MCP I and MCP II. These results suggest multiple sites of methylation, which are responsible, at least in part, for the observed multiple bands of the MCPs. PMID- 7031685 TI - Molecular aspects of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. AB - Structure and function studies on acetylcholine receptor (AChR) were attained by studying various derivatives of the receptor molecule, by analysis of monoclonal antibodies, and by investigating the possible structural relationship between AChR and the thymus. Pharmacologically inactive denatured AChR preparation does not induce myasthenia in rabbits, although it elicits antibodies that cross-react with the intact receptor. Denatured AChR has both preventive and therapeutic effects on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Mild tryptic digestion of AChR does not abolish the pharmacological specificity and myasthenic activity of the receptor. Trypsinated AChR, which on SDS gel electrophoresis shows one major band with a molecular weight of 27,000, represents an active receptor derivative with a relatively low structural complexity. Monoclonal antibodies against defined determinants of AChR were elicited and characterized. One monoclonal antibody line is directed against the cholinergic binding site. Experiments demonstrating that thymic lymphocytes bear a surface antigen that cross-reacts with AChR are described. PMID- 7031686 TI - On deciding which factors regulate cell growth. AB - Many conditions affect the growth of animal cells in culture. Some, such as essential nutrients, are necessary for growth as precursors of macromolecules. Other substances appear to have regulatory functions. Their presence or absence determines whether the cell will continue to grow or move into a resting, quiescent state. In particular certain factors (usually provided by serum) are thought to have regulatory roles. To decide which factors are regulatory is a difficult problem. We propose here that no single criterion is sufficient to permit a decision and that the best course at present is to apply several criteria. Three such criteria are proposed. To the degree that the tests are satisfied we can tentatively decide whether or not a given factor is regulatory. PMID- 7031687 TI - Results of a monozygotic cotwin control study on a treatment for myopia. PMID- 7031688 TI - Effects of sex hormones on some T and B cell functions as evidenced by differential immune expression between male and female mice and cyclic pattern of immune responsiveness during the estrous cycle. PMID- 7031689 TI - Age-related impairments in rodent pregnancy functions in relation to the maternal immune system. PMID- 7031690 TI - Immunoassay in reproductive medicine. PMID- 7031691 TI - Some immunological similarities and differences between normal and diabetic pregnancies. PMID- 7031692 TI - The immunologic concept of EPH-gestosis. AB - Edema proteinuria hypertension gestosis represents a disease syndrome that is defined by its occurrence in association with pregnancy and by its patient population. Although the difference between true and superimposed EPH-gestosis remains poorly defined clinically, a clearer definition seems feasible if epidemiological data, which have been developed in long-term follow-up studies, are utilized. These circumstances permit the identification of a well-defined, young, primiparous population that is afflicted during pregnancy with a disease syndrome of unknown etiology. Among many suggested theories, the immunologic concept of EPH-gestosis has attracted increasing attention over the recent past. Assuming an immunologic etiology for this disease syndrome, EPH-gestosis is understood to represent a partial or total malfunction or maladaptation of the immune system of the mother and/or the fetus. According to this concept, EPH gestosis is considered to represent partial rejection of the fetal allograft. In the present review evidence for an immunologic etiology of EPH-gestosis has been summarized. It may be concluded that, in spite of a large body of available information, no definitive proof for an immunologic etiology of EPH-gestosis has yet been presented. Only the further clarification of the immunologic processes involved in the tolerance of normal pregnancy will allow the detection in those mechanisms of abnormalities associated with EPH-gestosis. Until then, EPH gestosis will remain a condition of unknown etiology. The immunologic concept, similar to other concepts, needs further clarification until the "concept" can become an etiology. PMID- 7031693 TI - An immune dependency of trophoblastic growth implied by the antithetic difference in immunology between spontaneous abortion and hydatidiform mole. AB - It may be difficult to demonstrate clearly an immune dependency of trophoblast growth in vivo. The author's standpoint, however, is that comparative study of the immunology of SpA and HM must attempt to demonstrate it. In this chapter, before entering the main topics, the genesis of HM in relation to early SpA, the dependency of trophoblastic cell growth on the presence of an embryo or fetus, as evidenced by animal experiments, and the pathology and cytogenetics of SpA were outlined in a summarized form. This summary was provided to stress that the comparative immunologic study of SpA and HM may be a very useful experimental model in the elucidation of an immune dependency of trophoblastic cell growth in vivo. Many immunologically antithetic differences between SpA and HM were found and the important role that BA plays in trophoblastic cell growth was strongly suggested by the considerations of immune injury to the trophoblast in SpA and of the immune survival of the trophoblast in HM. Thus, we have come to believe that our clinical and experimental model described here might illustrate a new aspect of reproductive immunology, while contributing to the elucidation of SpA and HM genesis. Further studies along these lines may be useful and, needless to say, should be performed. PMID- 7031694 TI - Lupus erythematosus, the placenta, and pregnancy: a natural experiment in immunologically mediated reproductive failure. PMID- 7031695 TI - Common denominators of pregnancy and malignancy. AB - Antigenic tissue is paradoxically tolerated by a seemingly intact immune system in two biological situations, pregnancy and malignancy. Increasing evidence in recent years supports the idea that similar or identical immune mechanisms may be responsible for the tolerance of antigenic tissue in these two systems. What is apparently essential for the immunologic survival of the fetal allograft is detrimental for the patient with malignancy. This evidence is based on a number of common denominators, including such general observations as depression of cellular immunity, the presence of suppressive and/or blocking substances, embryogenization of neoplastic tissue, common lymphocyte populations and activities, and some specific in vitro observations, such as leukocyte migration enhancement (LME) and red cell immune adherence (RCIA). These common denominators of pregnancy and malignancy have been reviewed in detail and it is suggested that further understanding of one system will also contribute to our knowledge of the other. PMID- 7031696 TI - Immunotherapy for gynecologic malignancies. PMID- 7031697 TI - Gynecologic aspects of malignancies following immunosuppressive or cytotoxic therapy. PMID- 7031698 TI - Local immunologic defenses in the genital tract. PMID- 7031699 TI - Immunology of infertility. PMID- 7031700 TI - Etiology of immune infertility. AB - Semen of mammalian species contains a built-in system to prevent immunologic sensitization of females against antigens of sperm and seminal plasma in spite of repeated coitus. This prevention of sensitization is likely to be due to the presence of a potent immune response inhibitor originating from one of the sex accessory glands of the male. The inhibitor has been only biologically characterized so far. Failure of this built-in system in the male results in immune response to seminal antigens in the female. This seminal immunity, when of the right kind and magnitude, results in clinical immune-fertility. PMID- 7031701 TI - Immunologic interruption of pregnancy. PMID- 7031702 TI - Immunologic effects of vasectomy in men and experimental animals. AB - Vasectomy is a widely accepted surgical procedure for male sterilization, with the unique characteristic of eliciting immune responses to self-antigens. Persistent humoral autoimmune responses to spermatozoa and transient responses to other antigens have been demonstrated in vasectomized men. Little information is available on delayed hypersensitivity reactions to spermatozoa, as well as histopathology and immunohistopathology of the testes and other organs in vasectomized individuals. Overall, the data obtained in men do not point to any immediate cause for concern and seem to justify the optimistic view that vasectomy is a safe procedure. A review of the studies performed in experimental animals similarly shows that vasectomy is followed by humoral and/or cell mediated immune responses to spermatozoal antigens. In some species, such as rabbits and guinea pigs, it is also followed by testicular lesions, mediated by in situ immune complexes and/or delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Other sequelae may be glomerulonephritis and an increased severity of atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, the rather encouraging picture emerging from the human studies is to a certain extent offset by the findings in experimental animals. Additional research on the effects of vasectomy is obviously necessary, as well as caution in advising this procedure to individuals who may be genetically predisposed to autoimmune disease. PMID- 7031703 TI - Fetal synthesis of immunoglobulins. PMID- 7031704 TI - The biology of immune complexes and their possible role in pregnancy. PMID- 7031705 TI - [Biochemical and pharmacological aspects of the thrombin inhibitor hirudin]. PMID- 7031706 TI - Effects of alpha-methylnoradrenaline and alpha-methyldopamine in reserpine induced ulcers in rats. AB - alpha-Methyldopamine and alpha-methylnoradrenaline administered intraperitoneally afforded significant protection in reserpine-induced ulcers in rats. The optimal doses were 2 and 4 mg/kg. Lower and higher doses were less effective. alpha Methyldopamine and alpha-methyl-noradrenaline probably act by reestablishing the normal adrenergic tone which is diminished in reserpine-induced ulcers. PMID- 7031707 TI - Nitroimidazole radiosensitizers: approaches to their chemical synthesis. PMID- 7031708 TI - Methods for Quantifying the transport of drugs across brain barrier systems. PMID- 7031709 TI - Pyrimidine dimers induced in Escherichia coli DNA by ultraviolet radiation present in sunlight. AB - Escherichia coli DNA was irradiated with various wavelengths of monochromatic UV light from 254 to 320 nm, and the relative yields of the different cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers determined. Cytosine-thymine dimers (C mean value of T) were more frequent than thymine dimers (T mean value of T) at low fluences of 300 and 313 nm light, whereas the reverse was true at either longer or shorter wavelengths. Thus, in the solar UV range deemed responsible for skin cancer (i.e. 295-315 nm), C mean value of T are probably more important than T mean value of T. PMID- 7031710 TI - Photodynamic action of hematoporphyrin on yeast cells--a kinetic approach. AB - By a technique which combines rapid mixing of cells and hematoporphyrin (HP) with a short duration of illumination, the photodynamic inactivation of yeast cells was investigated, particularly, in seeking for the information of the location of HP at the time of action. The fluence-survival curves obtained under the conditions where the reaction mixture was kept in the dark for 1 s, 60 s and even 35 min before illumination were indistinguishable from each other, indicating no interaction between cells and sensitizers took place in about 30 min in such a way that the photodynamic efficiency could be modified. It is unlikely tha HP acted intracellularly, since the protective effect of N-3 was observed at concentrations as low as 0.5 mM. Furthermore, the rate constant kp related to the protective effect of N-3 was estimated to be 1 x 10(8) M(-1)s(-1) under the assumption that (1) O2 was the active intermediate and had a lifetime of 12 microseconds under the present conditions. This value of kp is rather close to that of kq' the quenching rate constant of N-3 for (1)O2, of which the accepted value is 2 x 10(8) M(-1)s(-1) in the homogeneous aqueous system. This information, together with the absence of uptake of HP by cells and a well response of survival upon illumination to the D2O fraction of the reaction mixture, provide strong bases for the argument that direct interaction of HP with yeast cells is of minor importance in the photodynamic processes, and the photodynamic action is largely mediated by an intermediated ((1)O2) generated in bulk medium. PMID- 7031711 TI - Roles of the relA(+) gene and of 4-thiouridine in near-ultraviolet (344 nm) radiation inhibition of induced synthesis of tryptophanase in Escherichia coli B/r. AB - Near-ultraviolet radiation (near UV; 300-380 nm) is known to inhibit the induced synthesis of tryptophanase by tryptophan in Escherichia coli, showing an action spectrum similar to that for near-UV-induced growth delay. The present work shows that a relA mutant of E. coli B/r exhibits 50% as much monochromatic near-UV (334 nm) inhibition of tryptophanase induction as the wild type, and tht a mutant lacking 4-thiouridine, an unusual nucleoside in tRNA, exhibits greater than 10% as much inhibition of tryptophanase induction. These findings indicate that 4 thiouridine is almost the sole chromophore for this effect in E. coli B/r, but that only 50% of the effect operates by a mechanism utilizing the relA(+) gene product; growth delay appears not to be primarily involved. PMID- 7031712 TI - A second photoreactivation-deficient mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7031713 TI - Near-UV radiation effects on microorganisms. PMID- 7031714 TI - Some autobiographical thoughts of a blind physiotherapist. PMID- 7031715 TI - Use and abuse of inhalation equipment. PMID- 7031716 TI - F plasmid replication and the division cycle of Escherichia coli B/r. PMID- 7031717 TI - A method for securing vomerine flaps to the hard palate in the repair of a complete cleft palate. PMID- 7031718 TI - Use of a continuous suture for back wall repair of end-to-end or end-to-side anastomoses. PMID- 7031719 TI - John Bingham Roberts: Philadelphia plastic surgeon. PMID- 7031720 TI - Free vascularized bone grafts: factors affecting their survival and ability to heal to recipient bone defects. AB - Composite bone grafts revascularized by microvascular anastomoses with respect to bone cell survival, vessel architecture, and the grafts' ability to participate in healing toward a recipient bone were investigated in 21 adult mongrel dogs. Bone grafts with an intact medullary and periosteal supply were compared with bone grafts with only periosteal bone supply intact. It was demonstrated that bone grafts with both medullary and periosteal blood supplies survived completely but were partially resorbed with time. Periosteally supplied bone grafts demonstrated less resorption but showed, in some grafts, bone marrow necrosis and partial loss of osteocytes. The osteoblasts survived equally well in both groups. No difference in the ability to participate in healing to a recipient bone defect could be demonstrated, although microangiograms revealed significant differences in the medullary microvasculature and at the host-graft junctions in these two types of grafts. The question of whether to preserve the medullary blood supply when transferring whole bone segments by microvascular anastomoses is significant with respect to possible donor-site selection. This study has shown that bone grafts with an intact medullary and/or periosteal blood supply will survive transplantation and participate in healing to a recipient defect equally well. PMID- 7031721 TI - Frank McDowell, M.D. PMID- 7031722 TI - Reduction mammaplasty and correction of ptosis with a short inframammary scar. AB - The main sequelae of mammaplasties are scars, particularly visible when they trespass the breast limits. If the new inframammary fold is located higher than the original, the horizontal limb of the T-suture can be kept short and can be hidden beneath the breast. The glandular tissue is split vertically and overlapped for ptosis. For reduction, an inferior resection with medial or lateral remodeling is performed. The results are very satisfactory for ptosis and mild to moderate hypertrophy. High conical breasts with minimal scars are produced. PMID- 7031723 TI - The importance of arterial inflow in the distal side of a flap: an experimental investigation. AB - Using abdominal skin flaps in experimental rats, we created flaps that exhibited relatively constant necrosis in the distal side. The existence of arterial inflow had a marked effect on the survival of the distal part of these flaps. We postulate that the so-called delay mechanism produces the arterial inflow as a consequence, although how this occurs is still unsolved. We suggest the possibility that a large flap may be transposed in one stage with vascular anastomosis in the distal part--preferably artery and vein, or artery only. PMID- 7031724 TI - Bone grafts for nasal reconstruction. PMID- 7031725 TI - Effect of antihypertensive drugs on plasma renin activity and urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2. AB - Urinary prostaglandin (PGE2) and plasma renin activity (PRA) were determined in 3 groups of hypertensive patients before and following 5 days of treatment with different antihypertensive drugs. In all 3 groups studied a substantial decrease of blood pressure was noted following treatment. However, whereas administration of chlorthalidone and hydralazine initiated a significant rise of PGE2 and PRA excretion, treatment with propranolol was associated with a decrease of these two parameters. In view of these findings it seems therefore as if renal production of PGE2 (at least with regard to propranolol, a beta-blocking agent), is not related to the hypotensive effect of the drug. PMID- 7031726 TI - Prostacyclin effect on blood pressure in pig with aortic obstruction. AB - Cardiovascular effects of infused prostacyclin (PGI2) were investigated in hypertensive anesthetized pigs in the steady state and at 1,2,3,4,5,10,15,20 and 30 min after the beginning of the infusion. PGI2 were perfused at the rate of 2 microgram/Kg/min for 4 min before and after vagosympathectomy. We measured the mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, mean pulmonary wedge pressure and calculated total systemic resistance and total pulmonary resistance. Our findings suggest that prostacyclin lowers pulmonary and systemic blood pressure in hypertensive animal by vasodilatation. The decrease in mean arterial pressure does not produce any change in heart rate probably because the substance also has a vagal effect. Finally, it might reduce venous return by dilatation of capacitance vessels. PGI2 appears to be a powerful vasodilator agent acting both afterload and preload without influencing heart rate or stroke volume. PMID- 7031727 TI - Effects of PGI2 on pattern of breathing in the pig during aortic obstruction. AB - We studied the effects of prostacyclin on pattern in six anaesthetized pigs with aortic obstruction. PGI2 causes a rightward displacement of VT/TI relationship (Hering-Breuer threshold curve) without a corresponding change in inspiratory flow. With airways occluded at the end respiratory level, we analyze how PGI2 affects the central respiratory rhythm in the absence of the phasic lung volume related vagal loop. Infusion of prostacyclin causes leftward displacement of the TE/TI relationship and an increase in TTOTo correlated with the hypotensive action. The change in the bulbo-pontine pacemaker is caused by a marked increase in TEo and this suggests that PGI2 can modulate the central respiratory rhythm, independently of the blood pressure level. PMID- 7031728 TI - The role of cardiac enzymes in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7031729 TI - Noninvasive techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7031730 TI - The role of nuclear imaging in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7031731 TI - The management of arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7031732 TI - Rehabilitation of the patient with myocardial infarction. Responsibility of the primary care physician. AB - The goal of the rehabilitative approach to the patient with myocardial infarction is a rapid return to a relatively productive and/or an independent role in society. The ideal rehabilitation program is incorporated into the plan of care during the acute hospitalization, involves the patient's family and social environment as a support system, and continues in the office of the physician and/or in community facilities. PMID- 7031733 TI - The role of pacemaker therapy in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Atrial or ventricular pacing may be helpful during acute myocardial infarction to control drug-resistant arrhythmias. It may also reduce mortality from complete heart block or asystole in individual patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction even though statistical reduction in the overall mortality of a group of patients cannot be documented. Permanent pacing should be instituted in a patient who develops second-degree block of the Mobitz Type II or third-degree block during the course of acute anterior wall myocardial infarction to prevent sudden death from the reappearance of the heart block or asystole. The type of pacing and the timing of electrode insertion depends on the experience of the operator and the prevailing conditions. PMID- 7031734 TI - [The approaching eightieth anniversary of professor Tadeusz Bilikiewicz (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031735 TI - [Early premonition of schizophrenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031736 TI - [Remarks of the nosology of delirium tremens and acute alcoholic hallucinosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031737 TI - [Psychiatric problematics in Polish epileptology over the past 35 years]. PMID- 7031738 TI - [Borderline states and their interpretation in modern psychiatry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031739 TI - [Mental disorders in visceral erythemic lupus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031740 TI - [The role of victimology in forensic psychiatric certification (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031741 TI - Caution and conservatism in the use of a psychiatric day hospital: evidence from a research project that failed. AB - A randomized trial to evaluate day hospital care as an alternative to inpatient treatment in the acute phase of psychiatric illness was abandoned when too few patients were admitted to the trial to enable any valid generalization to be made concerning the total at-risk population. In accounting for the failure of the experimental design, attention is drawn to the inability of the research team to influence either the organization of the unit, whereby junior staff had no contact with the day hospital, or the prevailing belief among senior staff that the two treatment settings serve distinctive, not alternative, functions. The implications of our failure for the feasibility of conducting a successful and externally valid controlled trial in this research setting are explored. PMID- 7031742 TI - Physiological responses to clicks during Zen, Yoga, and TM meditation. PMID- 7031743 TI - 'Second generation' antidepressant drugs. PMID- 7031744 TI - Psychogenic amenorrhea: an integrative review. PMID- 7031745 TI - Psychiatric aspects of cancer. PMID- 7031746 TI - Physiologic changes with a simple relaxation method. PMID- 7031747 TI - DNA damage as the primary cause of aging. AB - DNA damage appears to be ubiquitous in the biological world, as judged by the variety of organisms which have evolved DNA-repair systems. Previously, it was proposed that germ-line DNA of multicellular organisms may be protected from damage, and consequently from aging, by efficient recombinational repair during meiosis. The somatic line, however, may be vulnerable to the accumulation of DNA damage, and hence undergo aging, owing to relatively less repair. Although the DNA lesions most important in aging are not known yet, there is evidence for serveral types of endogenous damage. DNA lesions have been shown to interfere with transcription and replication, and so lead to loss of cell function and death. In mammals, there is a progressive decline of function in many different tissues with increasing age. Deterioration of central nervous system functions appears to be a critical part of the aging process. This may be due to the low DNA repair capacity which is found in postmitotic brain tissue, and which could result in the accumulation of DNA lesions in this tissue. Also reviewed is evidence that species longevity is directly related to tissue DNA-repair capacity and that aging may be accelerated by treatment with DNA-damaging agents, or in individuals with genetically defective repair. Although it has been frequently postulated that somatic mutation may be cause of aging, current evidence suggests that it is probably less important than DNA damage. A prominent theory on the evolution of aging, which attributes special importance to genes that are advantagous in youth but are deleterious later on, is discussed in terms of regulatory genes that reduce DNA repair as cells differentiate to the postmitotic state. Finally, we hypothesize that the factors which determine maximum longevity of individuals in a population are the rate of occurrence of DNA damage, the rate of DNA repair, the degree of cellular redundancy, and the extent of exposure to stress. PMID- 7031748 TI - The development of sexuality and eroticism in humankind. AB - Sexuality includes eroticism. Though its determinants are multivariate and developmentally sequential, most current biological theories arbitrarily exclude social determinants, and vice versa. Developmentally, masculinization is not necessarily synonymous with defeminization, nor feminization with demasculinization. In the development of brain and behavior, behavior that appears to be either male or female may actually be sex-shared but sex-different in the threshold for its expression. Parent-child bonding is a precursor of subsequent erotosexual pair-bonding. Suppression of erotosexual rehearsal play in childhood is a precursor of postpubertal and adult erotosexual pathology. The criterion defining the heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual conditions is the sex of the partner with whom a limerent (falling-in-love) pairbond is possible; and there is no evidence that pubertal sex steroids, per se, are responsible for which of the three it will be. The phases of an erotosexual encounter are proception, acception, and conception. The disorders of proception, manifested in both imagery and practice, are the paraphilic syndromes (formerly known as perversions). The disorders of acception may be either hypophilic deficiencies, or hyperphilic increases. The disorders of conception are those of infertility. There is a nonsystematic relationship of erotosexualism to the hormonal cycle of the menses and to gerontological hormonal changes. PMID- 7031749 TI - The problem of missing links: today and yesterday. AB - The problems of "missing links" over the years since Darwin's On the Origin of Species is analyzed in the perspective of our increased knowledge of the fossil record and our changing concepts of evolution, geology, and biology. The history of application of evolutionary theory to the fossil record and the consequences of the conflict of categorical, essential classification and evolutionary continuity are examined, as they relate to the "naive" idea of "missing links". Transitions between taxonomic categories are treated at two levels: the infraspecies-species level, and the supraspecies level. In the latter category case analyses of transitions within and between the major groups of metazoans and metaphytes are made, with special attention to the evidence of origins of groups in the fossil record. Throughout, the impacts on evolutionary theory of changes in knowledge and interpretations of the record of the history of life are considered. The problem of the existence of linkages and phylogenies at the species and generic levels has been much reduced during the last one hundred and twenty years. How this reduction supports or denies Darwin's concepts of phyletic gradualism is still a matter of interpretation of the evidence. At familial and higher levels, the establishment of linkages between categories has been much less successful, and decreasingly so at each successive higher level. Under the very best circumstances, however, morphological and stratigraphically graded transitions between classes and subclasses have been found. At the level of phyla and higher categories, any information on transitions as far as the fossil record is concerned is essentially non-existent. Fairly standard patterns of transitions between high categories can be established on the basis of the optimal cases, and these point up the continuing problems in evolutionary theory as being the interrelationships and integration of micro-evolutionary and macro-evolutionary processes. PMID- 7031750 TI - [The hydrocortisone test (400 mg hydrocortisone test) for the study of the "recirculating" lymphocyte population. Tests of patients with lymphoproliferative diseases and solid neoplasms]. AB - The hydrocortisone test has been performed on 20 patients with lymphoproliferative disease (MH, LNH, CLL, MM, BMG) and 12 patients with solid neoplasm to study the "recirculating" lymphocytic population (mainly T lymphocytes with "helper" function). Therefore, as proposed by Fauci and Dale, we counted the basal venous blood lymphocytes in the morning after fasting and then 4 h after the administration of hydrocortisone 400 mg. While the test did not appear to be statistically modified in patients with solid neoplasms as compared to normal controls, it appears particularly compromised in lymphoproliferative diseases, but with different values in each disease. The results are discussed on the basis of lymphocytic kinetic data. PMID- 7031751 TI - [Usefulness and limitations of determination of lactate dehydrogenase enzymes in the diagnosis of liver diseases]. AB - Serum LDH isoenzyme electrophoretic pattern was evaluated in forty-four patients affected by acute or chronic liver diseases. Moreover, the correlation between LDH4, LDH5, and various parameters of liver function (particularly SGOT and SGPT) were examined. The authors believe that LDH4 and LDH5 are useful parameters for the differential diagnosis between chronic persistent hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 7031752 TI - Effect of aqueous free radicals and cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) on radiation induced base release from DNA. PMID- 7031753 TI - Evidence for DNA double-strand breaks as the critical lesions in yeast cells irradiated with sparsely or densely ionizing radiation under oxic or anoxic conditions. PMID- 7031754 TI - Effect of intestinal microflora on the survival time of mice exposed to lethal whole-body gamma irradiation. PMID- 7031755 TI - The effects of microwaves on cell survival at elevated temperatures. PMID- 7031756 TI - [Role of genome structural organization in realizing DNA repair processes]. PMID- 7031757 TI - [Repair of gamma-induced single- and double-stranded DNA breaks in escherichia coli cells]. PMID- 7031758 TI - [Theoretical bases for using modifying agents in the radiation therapy of malignant neoplasms (the Modifier program)]. PMID- 7031759 TI - Localized tension pneumothorax: unrecognized form of barotrauma in adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7031761 TI - A technique of scatter and glare correction for videodensitometric studies in digital subtraction videoangiography. AB - The logarithmic amplification of video signals and the availability of data in digital form make digital subtraction videoangiography a suitable tool for videodensitometric estimation of physiological quantities. A system for this purpose was implemented with a digital video image processor. However, it was found that the radiation scattering and veiling glare present in the image intensified video must be removed to make meaningful quantitations. An algorithm to make such a correction was developed and is presented. With this correction, the videodensitometry system was calibrated with phantoms and used to measure the left ventricular ejection fraction of a canine heart. PMID- 7031760 TI - 99mTc-DTPA and 131I-hippuran findings in liver transplant recipients treated with cyclosporin A. AB - The effects of cyclosporin A (CyA), an immunosuppressive agent that is potentially nephrotoxic, on the kidneys of 9 liver transplant recipients were studied with serial 99mTc-DTPA and 131I-hippuran scans. In addition, renal function was determined by measuring serum creatinine levels during the second postoperative week in the 9 unselected CyA-treated patients and, retrospectively, in a control group of 29 liver transplant recipients who had not been treated with CyA and who were selected because they had survived for at least 3 months postoperatively. The early postoperative creatinine level was significantly greater in the CyA group. Eight of the 9 CyA patients showed imaging abnormalities in all preoperative and postoperative studies. Five of the 8 patients showed a pattern similar to that of acute tubular necrosis (relatively preserved perfusion) in at least one study. Lowering the dosage of CyA permitted the continuation of therapy, and all 9 patients are alive after 8 to 14 months. PMID- 7031762 TI - Massive air embolism from the pulmonary artery. PMID- 7031763 TI - Clinical importance of cardiovascular drug interactions. PMID- 7031764 TI - The perinatal development of drug-metabolizing enzymes: what factors trigger their onset? PMID- 7031765 TI - Recent developments in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7031766 TI - Noninvasive pharmacodynamic and bioelectrometric methods for elucidating the bioavailability mechanisms of ophthalmic drug preparations. PMID- 7031767 TI - Adipose tissue, obesity and insulin. PMID- 7031768 TI - Medicinal chemistry of tetrazoles. PMID- 7031769 TI - Anti-rheumatic drugs: present deadlock and new vistas. PMID- 7031770 TI - [Possible control of gene expression by DNA methylation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031771 TI - [Structure and chain elongation mechanism of DNA polymerases from animal cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031772 TI - [On SOS functions with special emphasis on the early events leading to the induction of the functions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031773 TI - [Surfactant-induced conformation of polypeptides and proteins in relation to amino acid sequence (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031774 TI - [HMG-CoA reductase : mechanism of reaction and physiological role (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031775 TI - [Somatomedin-like growth peptides isolated from fetal bovine cartilage : cartilage-derived factor (CDF) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031776 TI - [Countercurrent chromatography : principle and application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031777 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies : application of B cell hybridomas to biochemical research (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031778 TI - [Pharmacology of calmodulin : calmodulin antagonist (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031779 TI - [Interpretation of the results of the serological tests in toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 7031780 TI - [Outbreak of Shigella sonnei dysentery epidemic in Szczecin and Szczecin district in 1979]. PMID- 7031781 TI - [Use of the hemagglutination test for evaluation of tetanus immunity in hospitalized elderly patients]. PMID- 7031782 TI - [Plunge into the unconscious. Construction of dreams and day dreams in Arno Schmidt's novel, "Kaff auch mare Crisium" (1960)]. PMID- 7031783 TI - [Coronary artery calcification fluoroscopy. A report on procedure of detection and clinical significance (author's transl)]. AB - The methodology of cardiac fluoroscopy and the clinical significance of the coronary artery calcification are judged on the basis of a study on the group of 396 normal persons, 22.72% of whom resulted to suffer from it, while the report says that 46.80% of a group of 94 patients with coronary artery disease suffer from the same. In normal people the coronary artery calcification has practically the same frequency in both sexes and increases with the age, while in patients with coronary artery diseases there is a higher frequency in the fifth decade and in male sex. The discovery of calcification in all cases always shows an advanced coronary atherosclerosis. In the patients with clinical coronary artery diseases, there are also evidence of significative obstructive lesion. The fluoroscopy of the heart is the most powerful tool for the diagnosis of coronary artery calcification in vivo, it is easy to be used and gives diagnostic information of great value in the study of a coronary artery disease. PMID- 7031784 TI - [Endosseous endodontic implants cemented with a glass ionomer cement. Preliminary experiments]. PMID- 7031785 TI - [Reimplantation of teeth treated with calcium hydroxide with and without previous acid etching. Histological study]. PMID- 7031786 TI - [Marginal leakage in restorative resins. Effect of the type of resin, time immersed in water and thermal cycling]. PMID- 7031787 TI - [Evaluation of diagnosis in orthodontics]. PMID- 7031788 TI - Mutagenicity of ozone relative to other chemical and physical agents in Escherichia coli K12. PMID- 7031789 TI - [Weight-height development in juvenile diabetics]. PMID- 7031790 TI - [Analysis of bacterial septicemia in newborn infants in the last 5 years in the Pediatric Service of the Leonardo Guzman Regional Hospital of Antofagasta]. PMID- 7031791 TI - [Insulin and its cellular receptors in changes in glucose metabolism]. PMID- 7031792 TI - [Comparative study of the effects of different routes of insulin administration on the blood glucose and blood insulin response in normal subjects]. PMID- 7031793 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in a patient with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, with reference to a case]. PMID- 7031794 TI - [Hemophagocytosis in acute brucellosis]. PMID- 7031795 TI - [Proximal gastric vagotomy; effect on parietal and non-parietal components of gastric secretion. Comparison with effects obtained with cimetidine]. PMID- 7031796 TI - [Physiopathology of anal continence]. PMID- 7031797 TI - [Effect of insulin on cardiac contractility (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of insulin on contractile activity of isolated heart muscle have been studied in the rat's right ventricle. The method of the isolated organ bath was used with Tyrode as perfusion liquid with constant carbogen bubbling. The addition of insulin to the bath (0.3 U/ml) increased the contractile power. Contractility increase, induced by adrenaline and CaCl2, was reduced by insulin. This decrease of adrenaline activity became clearer after partial blocking of beta-receptors with pindolol. Glucose determinations in the bath also showed an insulin-adrenaline antagonism. Insulin behaved as a partial agonist versus adrenaline at the beta-receptors site. PMID- 7031798 TI - [In vivo heat damage to the E. coli nucleoid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031799 TI - [Non-trophoblastic tumors of the placenta. I. Primary tumors]. PMID- 7031800 TI - [Non-trophoblastic tumors of the placenta. II. Secondary tumors]. PMID- 7031801 TI - [Risk factors in breast cancer]. PMID- 7031802 TI - [Bacteriology of Legionnaires' disease]. PMID- 7031803 TI - [Possible use of retinoids in the prevention and therapy of epithelial tumors]. PMID- 7031804 TI - [Current status of knowledge concerning the toxicity of ultrasonics in medical diagnosis. A hypothesis concerning theoretical physics and a critical review of literature]. PMID- 7031805 TI - [Non-suppurative recurrent febrile nodular panniculitis (Weber-Christian disease). Description of a case with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy]. PMID- 7031806 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica infections]. PMID- 7031807 TI - [Chemotherapy of multiple myeloma. Review of the recent trials]. PMID- 7031808 TI - [Clinical aspects of the study of insulin receptors]. PMID- 7031809 TI - [The immunobiological problem of senescence]. PMID- 7031810 TI - Altered magnesium transport in slices of kidney cortex from chemically-induced diabetic rats. AB - The uptake of magnesium-28 was measured in slices of kidney cortex from rats with alloxan-diabetes and from rats with streptozotocin-diabetes of increasing durations. In both forms of chemically-induced diabetes, magnesium-28 uptake by kidney cortex slices was significantly increased over uptake measured in kidney cortex slices from control rats. Immediate institution of daily insulin therapy to the diabetic rats prevented the diabetes-induced elevated uptake of magnesium without controlling blood glucose levels. Late institution of daily insulin therapy was ineffective in restoring the magnesium uptake to control values. These alterations in magnesium uptake occurred prior to any evidence of nephropathy (via the classic indices of proteinuria and increased BUN levels). The implications of these findings, together with our earlier demonstrations of altered calcium transport by kidney cortex slices from chemically-induced diabetic rats, are discussed in terms of disordered divalent cation transport being at least part of the basic pathogenesis underlying diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 7031811 TI - Factors influencing the outcome of Escherichia coli mastitis in the dairy cow. AB - Eight dairy cows at various stages of lactation were infected in a single mammary quarter with approximately 5 X 10(2) colony-forming units of serum-resistant Escherichia coli. The severity of the mastitis which followed depended on the speed at which neutrophils were mobilised in the gland and the opsonic activity of the whey within the gland. Newly calved cows tended to be refractory to the presence of irritants in the udder and hence were slow to mobilise defence mechanisms following infection. A capsulated strain of E coli (B117) appeared to cause a more severe mastitis because it was more difficult to opsonise than a non capsulated strain (P4). PMID- 7031812 TI - Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone and mycoplasma pneumonia infection. AB - A patient with chronic bronchitis and acute respiratory failure due to mycoplasma pneumonia received excess parenteral fluid and developed hyponatremia associated with generalized seizures. The low serum osmolarity and elevated urine osmolarity were consistent with SIADH. Treatment with erythromycin and water restriction resulted in the complete recovery of her acute respiratory condition and return of the serum sodium and osmolarity values to normal. PMID- 7031813 TI - [Impedance pneumography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031814 TI - [Coronary spasm: insight into mechanism based on experimental observations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031815 TI - [HFPPV (I). Definition, history and instruments (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031816 TI - [Bacterial endocarditis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031817 TI - [Stress registered by the tooth support of a partial denture using a photoelasticometric method]. PMID- 7031818 TI - [Richmond resin. Proposals for the improvement of its esthetics and retention]. PMID- 7031819 TI - The pathology of marginal renal function. PMID- 7031820 TI - Structure and function of phospholipase A2. PMID- 7031821 TI - President's annual address: to the Rhode Island Medical Society with love. PMID- 7031822 TI - Dreams in the Talmud: the prophets of yore had the noblest dream. PMID- 7031823 TI - [Nursing and society (notes for a social history of nursing)]. PMID- 7031824 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of cerebral vascular diseases]. PMID- 7031825 TI - [Nosographic and clinical aspects of the frontal syndrome]. PMID- 7031826 TI - [Chronic constitutional tetany. Clinical and electromyographic aspects of 50 cases]. AB - The authors present 50 cases of "chronic constitutional tetany" observed in the E.M.T. laboratory of the Ospedali Riuniti di Finale e Pietra Ligure in the last 7 years. We consider various parameters regarding the sindrome (sex, age, season, headache etc.). We have studied all the cases from the electromyographic point of view, with adequate method, to reproduce, in the periods of latency, the characteristic E.M.G. and clinical features. The "tetanigenic threshold" appears abnormally low in these patients. In the today etiologic and physiopathologic doubt, the clinical and electromyographic criteria, assume a fundamental relevancy in the study of these patients, often defined as "functionalis". PMID- 7031827 TI - [Cerebrovascular disease and pseudoxanthoma elasticum: apropos of a case]. AB - The authors review the case of a girl affected by pseudoxanthoma elasticum, that twice experienced at 11 and 14 years recurrence of stroke in the field of the right carotid artery. Angiographic examination disclosed hypoplasia of the right internal carotid artery, in it's extra-cranial tract. After having reviewed the literature about the subject, the authors debate the possible pathogenetic mechanisms and eventually favour a recurrent thrombo-embolic event. This statement might have surgical therapeutic implications. PMID- 7031828 TI - [Time of toxin appearance in relation to detectable changes in canned meat artificially contaminated with Clostridium botulinum B (preliminary report)]. PMID- 7031829 TI - [Maurice Raynaud, 1835-1881]. PMID- 7031830 TI - [Raynaud's phenomenon. History]. PMID- 7031831 TI - [Treatment of intervertebral disk sciatica by chemonucleolysis. Analysis of 56 cases]. AB - The authors report 56 cases of sciatica treated by chemonucleolysis with follow up ranging from six months to two years. All patients presented with manifest clinical symptomes of intervertebral disc herniation, and the diagnostic was verified by myelography. In all cases myelographic findings corresponded to clinical topography when the topography was precisely defined. This group of patients, therefore, was highly selected, and the authors attempted to eliminate excluded herniations when the myelographic anomaly appeared at a distance from the intervertebral space. Cases of sciatica caused by stenosis, paralytic sciatica, and pure lumbar pain were not treated in this study. At the end of the second month, 70 percent of patients obtained good results; the authors, believe, therefore, that failure of treatment can be ascertained by the eighth week. Thirteen of the fifteen treatment failures in this study were operated. Results of this surgery performed after chemonucleolysis were similar to results obtained from surgery performed as initial treatment. No serious complications were observed. Chemonucleolysis, therefore, appears to be an effective means of treatment for sciatica caused by intervertebral disc herniation. Based on their own experience and reports in the literature, the authors believe that chemonucleolysis is the ultimate stage of conservative treatment when classical measures have failed. In addition, the authors' experience and careful review of the literature has shown that serious iatrogenic accidents are exceptionally rare and can be avoided by the use of rigorous technique. PMID- 7031832 TI - [French Society of Rheumatology]. PMID- 7031833 TI - The action of epinephrine and norepinephrine on perfused rabbit liver. Influence of orthograde and retrograde perfusion. PMID- 7031834 TI - A method for the study of vascular reactivity of isolated perfused rabbit liver. PMID- 7031835 TI - Age dependence of human plasma renin substrate. AB - Renin substrate (angiotensinogen) was measured with an assay employing exhaustive incubation of plasma with purified human kidney renin and radioimmunoassay of the angiotensin I (AI) generated. Plasma renin substrate concentration was higher at the age of 3 days (females: 2028 +/- 551, males: 1951 +/- 565 micrograms AI/l, mean +/- SD) than in age group 0-15 years (females: 1513 +/- 555, males: 1263 +/- 392 micrograms AI/l). Plasma renin substrate concentration at the age over 15 years (females: 1780 +/- 464, males 1752 +/- 321 micrograms AI/l) was higher than in children 0-15 years. Expectedly, high concentrations of plasma renin substrate were found in pregnant women at term (4127 +/- 1961 micrograms AI/l). PMID- 7031836 TI - Scintillation camera renography with 99mTc-DTPA and 131I-Hippuran. AB - Two different indicators for scintillation camera renography, 99mTc-DTPA and 131I Hippuran, were compared directly in 37 patients. Quantitative data were obtained by means of a small digital computer. 99mTc-DTPA gave better kidney image quality, but also higher background than 131I-Hippuran. The two indicators gave renographic curves of slightly different shape, those after DPTA being flatter, but estimations of separate kidney function were not significantly different. Early kidney uptake of indicators was roughly proportional to glomerular filtration rate, but with a wide scatter. PMID- 7031837 TI - Lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of human diabetics during insulin deprivation and restoration. AB - Twelve insulin-dependent diabetic patients were deprived of insulin for 12 h, and thereafter given an 8-h i.v. infusion of insulin. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was determined from heparin eluates of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle before and after insulin infusion. In spite of development of marked hyperglycemia and hyperketonaemia during the insulin deprivation the LPL activity of the two tissues remained mostly within normal range. During the subsequent insulin administration the LPL activity of adipose tissue increased by 36% (p less than 0.05) whereas the skeletal muscle LPL remained unchanged. The result is compatible with the view that human adipose tissue LPL is more sensitive to insulin than the corresponding enzyme of muscle. PMID- 7031838 TI - Fluoroimmunoassay of pregnancy zone protein. AB - A specific and sensitive fluoroimmunoassay for determination of pregnancy zone protein in serum is described. One hundred and seventy-three apparently healthy subjects were investigated. The median concentration of pregnancy zone protein for apparently healthy males is 7 mg/l and for females 43 mg/l. The fluoroimmunoassay is compared with the electroimmunoassay. PMID- 7031839 TI - Insolubilized pure human intrinsic factor used for quantitation of cobalamins in serum. AB - The use of insolubilized pure human intrinsic factor as binding protein in an isotope dilution assay for quantitation of serum cobalamins is described. The reference interval was 200-600 pmol/l. The coefficients of variation were 0.05 to 0.13 and the equilibrium constant for association to cyanocobalamin was 2 x 10(11) 1/mol. The major advantage of the presented method is that intrinsic factor is kept saturated with cobalamin and is thereby stable until just prior to use. PMID- 7031840 TI - Antithrombin III concentrate: its catabolism in health and in antithrombin III deficiency. AB - The catabolism of purified radiolabelled antithrombin III (AT III) concentrate was studied in two normals and two patients with congenital AT III deficiency both alone and combined with warfarin. The radiolabelling with iodine monochloride did not change the quality of the concentrate. The half-life varied between 3.4 and 4.8 days. No difference between normals and patients with congenital deficiency in non-acute stage could be observed in the catabolic parameters; nor was there any influence with warfarin. PMID- 7031841 TI - Bond strength of porcelain to dental alloys - an evaluation of two test methods. AB - Two methods for measuring shear strength of the porcelain-metal interface, a rod/disk-push test and a cube/cube-push test, were compared using the same metals and porcelain material. Both types of specimen showed evidence of complex stress distribution at the interface during loading and a fracture line located mainly in the opaque porcelain layer. Both methods were thus mainly a test of the "strength" of the porcelain at the interface. The "bond strength values" obtained with the rod/disk specimen seemed to depend on the geometry of the specimen and the values obtained with the cube/cube specimen seemed to depend on the quality of the porcelain work. It seems questionable whether "bond strength values" as obtained with these two methods can be the basis for requirements in a standard for porcelain-metal systems. PMID- 7031842 TI - In vitro epithelial cell outgrowth from oral leukoplakia. AB - The appearance of an epithelial cell outgrowth in vitro from biopsies of oral leukoplakia is compared with the histologic appearance of the lesion. Tissue samples from oral leukoplakia of 20 patients were cultured to allow the outgrowth of populations of epithelial cells. Adjacent tissue within the lesions was fixed for routine histology. Epithelial cell outgrowth was successful from biopsies possessing the histologic characteristics hyperkeratosis (14 of 20 cases), altered epithelial thickness (14 of 19 cases) and increased mitotic activity (1 of 4 cases). No epithelial cell outgrowth was observed from leukoplakia tissue possessing signs of epithelial dysplasia (0 of 2 cases). PMID- 7031843 TI - Bond strength of new ionomer cements to dentin. AB - The bond strength of two glass ionomer and two polycarboxylate cements to dentin was compared in vitro. The results showed that a new luting type of the glass ionomer cements had an increasing bond strength with increasing storage time in water. After 3 d the values were comparable to those obtained for the polycarboxylate cements. It was also shown that the breakage of bond was due to a cohesive failure of the cement. The glass ionomer cements seem to be sensitive to moisture during setting. PMID- 7031844 TI - Increased bonding of a glass-ionomer cement to dentin by means of FeC13. PMID- 7031845 TI - Infectious agents in Crohn's disease-fact or artefact? PMID- 7031846 TI - The effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemia with and without atropine on plasma GIP in man. AB - Insulin-induced hypoglycemia caused a modest but significant (p = 0.031) increase in plasma GIP. This increase was significantly (p = 0.031) attenuated when atropine was given together with insulin, indicating that the vagal nerves play a major role in the release of plasma GIP during hypoglycemia. PMID- 7031847 TI - Trimipramine in the treatment of active duodenal ulceration. AB - Forty-five patients with endoscopically proven uncomplicated active duodenal ulcers were placed in a randomised double-blind trial. Six patients were lost to follow-up. Twenty patients received 50 mg trimipramine (Surmontil) at night, and 19 patients received placebo. Complete healing was defined as disappearance of the ulcer, with or without a scar; partial healing was defined as a reduction of ulcer size to 25% of its size, or a large deep ulcer that became flat, if erosions were present even if the ulcer had gone. After 4 weeks of trimipramine treatment 35% had completely healed and 50% had partly healed, compared with 21% completely and 21% partly healed with placebo (chi-square 7.9; p less than 0.025 in favour of trimipramine). There were no side effects. Trimipramine, 50 mg at night, is a safe and effective treatment for active duodenal ulceration. PMID- 7031848 TI - The effect of jejunoileal bypass on postprandial release of plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). AB - Five morbidly obese patients were studied with a liquid test meal before and 2 and 6 weeks after jejunoileal bypass. Before the operation the postprandial GIP release was similar to that seen in a group of eight normal control subjects, whereas after surgery the postprandial GIP release was almost abolished. On the other hand, in a group of eight patients operated on identically more than 2 years ago, mean plasma GIP increased significantly after the meal, reaching values half those seen in the control group. This indicates that compensatory changes, affecting the plasma GIP release, occur in th remaining functioning intestine. As compared with the preoperative values, the meal-induced rise in mean serum insulin was significantly reduced 2 and 6 weeks after the bypass operation, together with a flattening of the postprandial blood glucose curve. The postprandial serum insulin and blood glucose values seen in the group operated on more than 2 years ago were similar to those seen in the group studied shortly after the operation. PMID- 7031849 TI - Studies of intestinal lymphoid tissue: the cytology and electron microscopy of gluten-sensitive enteropathy, with particular reference to its immunopathology. AB - Knowledge of the cytology, ultrastructure and histochemistry of the small intestinal mucosa has advanced considerably over the last 20 years, particularly in regard to the changes associated with coeliac disease. Many of the known structural and cytological changes in coeliac mucosa are probably non-specific, and not directly related to its pathogenesis. It seems important to move away from purely descriptive images of mucosal abnormality such as "villous atrophy', and static measurements, such as crypt-villous ratios. Rather, the mucosa should be viewed as a dynamic, three-dimensional structure and evaluated in terms of total villous cell counts, crypt cell production rates, and so on. The organisation of the lamina propria is still poorly documented, and requires further exploration at the ultrastructural level. More thought should be given to the meaning of mucosal permeability and to its structural counterparts. The immunocytopathology of the coeliac lesion is far from understood; it is questionable whether local humoral activity is central to the pathogenesis of the condition. More needs to be learned of the role of T cells, not only in local mucosal reactions, but also in terms of possible regulatory effects on crypt cell kinetics, villous shape and hence mucosal structure. Increased mitotic activity of epithelial lymphocytes in coeliac disease appears to correlate exclusively with gluten-sensitivity and the use of this presumed immunological marker in the histological diagnosis, and thus prediction, of gluten-sensitised individuals is proposed in this paper. PMID- 7031850 TI - Inhibition of de novo IgM antibody synthesis by thalidomide as a relevant mechanism of action in leprosy. AB - Thalidomide is well documented to be an effective treatment for erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) occurring in lepromatous leprosy. To be beneficial, thalidomide must interfere with one or more of the several essential steps in the pathogenesis of this syndrome, which is presumed to be a clinical manifestation of an Arthur-type hypersensitivity. Since complexes of antigen and antibody would initiate these events, thalidomide could exert its most direct influence on reactants in this essential step. To determine whether thalidomide affected de novo antibody synthesis, the effect of the drug on the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes in mice was determined. Thalidomide significantly inhibited IgM antibody formation when fed to mice for 5 or 7 days before immunization with sheep erythrocytes. There was also a selective decrease in serum IgM concentrations among leprosy patients being treated with thalidomide for ENL. A clinically relevant site of action of thalidomide in ENL appears to be on the synthesis of IgM antibody. The target site of the drug among the macrophage, antibody-forming, and helper or suppressor lymphocytes remains to be elucidated. PMID- 7031851 TI - Isolation of a heat-stable antigen from Treponema Reiter, using an immunoadsorbent with antibodies from syphilitic patients. AB - It was attempted to isolate antigens from Treponema Reiter, relevant to syphilis serology, by immunoadsorption with patients' antibodies coupled to CNBr- Sepharose 4B. One antigen was desorbed by 2 M KSCN in 0.05 M Tris--barbital buffer, pH 8.6. The recovery was 3% and 7% in two experiments. A small amount of human antibodies in the isolate was removed on an immunoadsorbent column with insolubilized rabbit antibodies against normal human serum proteins. The antigen thus obtained was immunologically pure when analysed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. By electron microscopy of immunoprecipitates and by tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis it was shown that the antigen differed from the flagellar antigen of T. Reiter, but was identical to antigen d previously described in T. Reiter. Antigen d could also be isolated from supernatants of T. Reiter cultures. The d antigen was not denatured at pH 2.8, by 8 M urea or by 3 M KSCN, and it resisted heating to 100 degrees C for 30 min. No protein could be detected in a concentrated preparation, and the antigen might be a polysaccharide. Antigen d is probably present in the sorbent used in the fluorescence treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test and may constitute the active substance of this reagent. PMID- 7031852 TI - A new principle for prevention of diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) possessing colonization factor antigen (CFA/I). AB - The infant rabbit model, developed to study human ETEC with CFA/I (Evans et al., 1975), was used to evaluate agarose (Sepharose) gel substituted with a hydrophobic ligand for prevention of diarrhoeal symptoms. In a group of rabbits given 0.02 g of palmitoyl Sepharose 1 h after an oral infection with 10(9) ETEC organisms with CFA/I antigen, only 2/11 animals developed diarrhoea, while in control groups given the unsubstituted Sepharose (hydrophilic) gel or ETEC organisms alone, all animals developed diarrhoea. In groups of rabbit given the hydrophobic gel 6 h after the ETEC organisms, only 2/6 animals showed a short period of diarrhoea. The "hydrophobic principle" to prevent ETEC infections will be studied in other animal models and in human volunteers. PMID- 7031853 TI - Tinidazole as preventive treatment in elective colonic surgery. AB - Peroperative tinidazole and placebo treatment were compared with respect to incidence of postoperative infections in a double blind investigation on patients admitted for elective bowel surgery. Patients in the tinidazole group had a significantly reduced postoperative infection rate, compared with the placebo group (7.4% and 46%, respectively). Complications in general were fewer in the tinidazole group and costs for antibiotic treatment decreased. All tinidazole treated patients had clinically effective blood concentrations of the drug at the time of the operation. In contrast with the placebo-treated subjects, the individuals who developed postoperative wound infections from the tinidazole group had no growth of anaerobic bacteria and no antibody response to Bacteroides sp. The use of tinidazole may therefore be recommended for the prevention of postoperative anaerobic infections in patients undergoing bowel surgery. PMID- 7031854 TI - In vitro lymphocyte stimulation with specific antigen in congenital toxoplasmosis. AB - The development of specific cell mediated immunity was studied in children with congenital toxoplasmosis and the in vitro lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) evaluated as diagnostic test for congenital infection. The test was performed in 35 children, including 5 with a confirmed or suspected congenital toxoplasmosis and for comparison, in 19 dye test positive and 7 negative women. The development of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) seemed to follow approximately the same time course in children with congenital toxoplasmosis as in adults with toxoplasmosis. The lymphocyte responses to toxoplasma antigen were low during the first year, but increased markedly during the second and third years after infection. Chemotherapy during the first year of life did not prevent the later development of DTH. It is concluded that a positive LST during the first year of life may be an indication of congenital toxoplasmosis. A negative test is not decisive. PMID- 7031855 TI - Clinical trial of a subunit influenza vaccine. AB - A double-blind field trial was performed comparing a subunit influenza vaccine (A/Victoria/75 and B/Hongkong/73) with placebo. A good protection against influenza was induced by the vaccine. On the basis of serological determinations (enzyme immunoassay, EIA) the incidences of influenza A and B infections were reduced within a period from 3 weeks up to 5 months after the vaccination by 88 and 68%, respectively. Three weeks after the vaccination 79% of the vaccines had acquired protective serum antibody levels (greater than or equal to 32 x 10(2) by EIA) against influenza A and 62% against influenza B, while in the control subjects protective antibody levels were measured in frequencies from 4 to 13% in subsequent serum samples. With a few exceptions antibody levels were still present in 5-month samples. Side effects were recorded within the first 3 days following the vaccination. Some minor symptoms like redness and tenderness at the vaccination site and muscle ache were reported more frequently by the vaccines than by the controls, but no more harmful systemic reactions. PMID- 7031856 TI - Quantitation of antibodies against group B streptococci, Types Ia, Ib and III in sera from different groups of individuals: high antibody levels in sera from venereal disease clinic patients. AB - Sera from 3 groups of individuals were investigated for antibodies to group B streptococci (GBS) types Ia, Ib and III using radiolabelled protein A: 45 girls, aged 1 to 12 years; 123 non-pregnant gynecological outpatients, aged 15 to 42 years; and 96 female venereological disease (VD) clinic patients, aged 15 to 54 years. The two groups of adults had higher antibody levels against type Ia than the girls, while no difference was found between the two adult groups in this respect. On the other hand, the VD patients had higher levels of antibodies against type Ib than the girls and the gynecological patients; the gynecological patients did not differ from the girls as regards anti-Ib antibodies. The antibody levels against type III were higher among the VD clinic patients than among the gynecological patients, who in turn had higher levels than the girls. Thus, the adults showed higher levels of antibodies against 2 of the 3 GBS types than did the girls. Furthermore, the VD clinic patients had higher levels against 2 of the 3 GBS types than the gynecological patients. PMID- 7031857 TI - Epidemiological tracing of Escherichia coli by O antigen typing in a geriatric ward. AB - The nosocomial spread of Escherichia coli in a geriatric ward was analyzed with sampling at intervals of 2 weeks for 1 year. Specimens were obtained from patients, staff, and hospital environment and 5 239 E. coli colonies were O grouped into 49 O antigens. About 29% of the patients acquired bacteriuria during the hospitalization. In 75% of the bacteriuric strains the same O antigen was found in urinary and faecal samples from the same or the previous sampling round. Nosocomial spread of E. coli could be shown. Cross-infection as well as auto infection were considered to be the modes of spread. PMID- 7031858 TI - Controlled comparison of nalidixic acid or lactulose with placebo in shigellosis. AB - Nalidixic acid and lactulose, respectively, were compared with placebo in a controlled double-blind study in 43 patients with bacteriologically verified shigellosis. All the strains were susceptible to nalidixic acid. Treatment with nalidixic acid resulted in cure in 72%, which was a significantly better result than with placebo (cure in 21%). PMID- 7031859 TI - Treatment of trigeminal and thoracic zoster with idoxuridine. AB - A double-blind random selection comparison was made of the therapeutic effects in acute herpes zoster of 40% idoxuridine (IDU) dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) compared with DMSO and saline flavoured with garlic. Thoracic (80 patients) and trigeminal (42 patients) zoster were investigated separately. The patients were evaluated daily until skin healing and then at 1, 3 and 6 months by registering pain, paraesthesia and sensitivity disturbances as well as by clinical and photographic evaluation of the skin lesions. Duration of pain was positively correlated to age, to delayed healing and to elevated temperature in the acute phase of zoster. The period of pain before skin eruption was considerably longer in thoracic than in trigeminal zoster, while the latter was associated with a more severe inflammatory reaction, more neurologic sequelae, but also by a faster healing of the skin lesions. IDU was highly effective in shortening the period of pain and improving skin healing in trigeminal zoster, while no effect of IDU was observed in thoracic zoster. The reason for this difference is presently not understood. PMID- 7031860 TI - Comparison of specific immunoglobulin G, M and agglutinating antibodies against Legionella pneumophila. AB - Sera from 25 patients showing a 4-fold or greater rise in polyvalent IFA titer against Legionella pneumophila were examined for the presence of agglutinating antibodies and the titers of specific IgG and IgM immunoglobulins. Agglutinating antibodies were detected in 20 patients (80%) at titers paralleling and amounts of specific IgM present. In sera from the remaining 5 patients (20%), agglutinating antibodies and specific IgM were absent. In this study the class of antibody produced following infection with L. Pneumophila varied from patient to patient. Specific IgM or IgG only was produced or both classes of immunoglobulin appeared concurrently. IFA, using a polyvalent antihuman conjugate, detected both IgG and IgM but cross reactions among the L. pneumophila serogroups occurred in sera from 40.5% of the patients we examined. Tube agglutination measured mainly specific IgM and no cross reactions were evident with this technique. The value of a rapid tube agglutination test as an adjunct to IFA in the serodiagnosis of legionellosis was illustrated in this study. PMID- 7031861 TI - Bacampicillin in acute maxillary sinusitis: concentration in sinus secretion and clinical effect. A randomized, double-blind study of two dosage regimens. AB - The clinical effect and the penetration of ampicillin into sinus secretion after oral administration of bacampicillin was studied in 47 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis allocated at random in treatment with 400 mg bacampicillin 3 times or 1200 mg twice daily. The overall clinical effect was similar and was assessed as "good" in 23/25 patients treated with 400 mg doses and in 19/22 treated with 1200 mg. Adverse reactions were reported by 4 patients. The concentrations of ampicillin obtained in sinus secretion were proportional to the dose given. The highest values after 400 mg bacampicillin were approximately 0.6 mg/l and after 1200 mg about 2 mg/l. Both dosages are applicable to treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis. PMID- 7031862 TI - The relative potency of amoxycillin and ampicillin in vitro and in vivo. AB - The relative antibacterial efficacy of amoxycillin ampicillin was compared in vitro and in vivo against a strain of Escherichia coli in short-term experiments (hours). The quadratic fit to the growth curves in vitro in the presence of the antibiotic gave concentration dependent parameters. The concentration effect curves for both antibiotics showed that amoxycillin varied between equipotent (at 2 mg/l) and twice as potent (at higher concentrations) as ampicillin. The relative efficacy in vivo was determined in a thigh muscle infection in irradiated as well as normal mice. Numbers of colony forming units 3 h after infection were dose (or concentration) dependent, the slopes for amoxycillin and ampicillin being parallel. Slopes in irradiated and non-irradiated mice differed significantly. In both kinds of animals the average potency ratio was 1.5 in favour of amoxycillin. Thus, no difference was found between the in vitro and in vivo situation regarding relative efficacy. PMID- 7031864 TI - Overview of acylureidopenicillin pharmacokinetics. AB - The acylureidopenicillins which have been in man are azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, and furazlocillin (Bay k 4999). They exhibit dose dependent pharmacokinetics and accordingly upon increasing the doses have serum levels which are higher than the multiple of the dose, longer serum half-life (t1/2), and lower clearances (total serum clearance, renal clearance, and non-renal clearance). With doses of 1-2 g, t1/2 very between 0.7-1.1 h, and with 5.0 g 1.2 1.8 g. The elimination phase distribution volume corresponds to 10-30% of the body weight. The agents are excreted mainly through the kidneys. Referenced to the antibacterial activity of unchanged drugs, 50-80% of intravenous doses are eliminated in the urine. Only 25-35% of the dose of furazlocillin is excreted unchanged in the urine. The t1/2 is increased in reduced renal function, but mezlocillin is relatively little influenced by renal failure. With identical dose sizes, azlocillin appears to be subject to dose dependent pharmacokinetics to a higher degree than mezlocillin and piperacillin. Higher serum levels are also reached by azlocillin and the t1/2 of this agent is increased more in reduced renal failure than is the case for mezlocillin. The biliary levels of the acylureidopenicillins are high. A considerable biliary excretion occurs in reduced hepatic parenchymal function. The serum protein binding of these compounds decreases with higher concentrations varying between some 30% for 200 micrograms/ml and 50% for 2 micrograms/ml of azlocillin and mezlocillin, a mean of 16% for piperacillin in concentrations ranging from 20-300 micrograms/ml, and an average of 60% for furazlocillin. The acylureidopenicillins penetrate into tissues, cerebrospinal fluid and foetuses to produce therapeutic levels. The levels are rather low in bone tissue. PMID- 7031865 TI - [Use of the SR-56A TI pocket calculator in the immunology laboratory]. PMID- 7031863 TI - Resistance of Pseudomonas species to beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - Resistance of Pseudomonas species to beta-lactam compounds involves both drug exclusion and hydrolytic inactivation. Exclusion is effected by a permeability barrier in the cell envelope, whereas hydrolysis is effected by beta-lactamases, encoded either by the chromosome or by R-plasmids. Chromosomally-mediated beta lactamases are generally inducible and have a high activity against cephalosporins. They are virtually universally present in P. aeruginosa. Conversely, the generally infrequent R-plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases are constitutive, with substrate profiles specific to each enzyme type. Four Pseudomonas-specific R-plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases are responsible for high level resistance to carbenicillin. Resistance to carbenicillin may also be associated with isolates not possessing this type of beta-lactamase: the permeability barrier effect is probably highly significant in these isolates. PMID- 7031866 TI - [The significance of HLA antigens and HLA antibodies in the integrated dialysis and transplantation program]. PMID- 7031867 TI - [From the act to thought - a psychoanalytic understanding of aggression]. AB - The author lists the different positions of Freud with respect ot the comprehension of the aggressive impulse on a metapsychological as well as on a clinical level, resulting in the concept of the death instinct in 1920. From the cruelty of the child over the instinct for mastery to the comprehension of the economy of instincts in 1915 in "Instincts and their Vicissitudes", Freud demonstrates his hesitations polarized by the conflict with Adler in regard to the aggressivity. The Post-Freudians and in particular Melanie Klein have retaken the texts of Freud in order to go beyond the compulsion of the almost fetishistic instinctual duality in the Kleinian group, more or less disputed by the structural analysts who speak about the neutralization of aggressive impulse. PMID- 7031868 TI - [Historical comments on the problem of aggression in clinical psychiatry]. PMID- 7031869 TI - Hazards of heat exposure. A review. AB - The usefulness of the various heat stress standards recommended by occupational health authorities in the United States is discussed from the point of view of their effectiveness in preventing acute heat illnesses. In this connection, the findings from an investigation of four recent fatal industries heat casualties are described. A review is presented of the recent literature on acute occupational heat illnesses. Also reviewed is the information on chronic heat illnesses. Most of this latter data comes from studies performed in Europe and South America. However, a recent mortality study among steel workers in the United States contributed significantly to the knowledge of this problem area. This study found the primary targets of chronic heat illnesses to the cardiovascular and the gastrointestinal systems, although there was some evidence that the reproductive functions may be affected. A discussion on how to prevent heat illnesses is presented. PMID- 7031870 TI - [Treatment of severe aplastic anemia]. AB - 58 patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) were treated and evaluated in a prospective study either by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or by antilymphocyte globulin (ALG). 19 patients were treated with BMT; 9 are still alive 6 months to 5 years after BMT (47%). 39 patients were treated with ALG; 28 are alive 5 months to 5 years after ALG (72%). 24 of these 28 are self-sustaining and in remission. The results show that treatment with ALG is probably superior to treatment with BMT, and also demonstrate that most patients with SAA have a pool of hematopoietic stem cells able to repopulate the marrow after this type of treatment. PMID- 7031871 TI - [Bacterial infection and the regulation of in vivo granulopoiesis]. AB - The mechanism which regulates granulopoiesis was investigated in C 57 BL mice injected i.p. with E.coli. The positive and negative feedback arm of the regulation was studied by correlating the number of bacteria, the number of granulocytes, serum CSF levels and the number of CFU-C in the bone marrow. PMID- 7031873 TI - [100th anniversary of the founding of the school of dentistry at the University of Geneva (1881-1981)]. PMID- 7031872 TI - [Tolerance of large doses of oral zinc sulfate]. AB - The toxicity of oral zinc was investigated in patients hospitalized for chronic leg ulcers. Untoward effects were monitored by reference to clinical tolerance, hematological, hepatic and renal parameters, and serum concentrations of copper and iron. The investigation was conducted by comparing two groups of patients who initially did not differ significantly with regard to ulcer area, hemoglobin, leukocytes, copper, iron and zinc. Both groups had serum zinc concentrations in the lower normal range. One group was treated with 3 daily doses of 220 mg oral zinc sulfate and the other with placebo, and hence, untoward effects of zinc should have become manifest in the zinc-treated group. This was not the case. Therefore, oral zinc appears to be well tolerated clinically and does not cause hematological, renal or hepatic toxicity. In view of the increasing interest in and range of indications for zinc, particularly in conditions associated with cellular immunological hyporeactivity, this finding is a prerequisite for the institution of clinical zinc therapy. PMID- 7031874 TI - [100th anniversary of the founding of the school of dentistry at the University of Geneva (1881-1981). Summary analysis of its first century]. PMID- 7031875 TI - [A long gestation and a labored childhood: dentistry today in Switzerland]. PMID- 7031876 TI - [Clinical, macro- and microphotographic control of 4 composite resins]. PMID- 7031877 TI - [New reconstruction potentials in mandibular defects after tumor resection]. PMID- 7031878 TI - [Effect of epinephrine-containing retraction cords on pulse and blood pressure: a clinical study]. PMID- 7031879 TI - [Interdental restoration overhangs: effective removal with newly developed dental instruments]. PMID- 7031880 TI - [Single and compressive impression technic for removable distal-extension partial dentures]. PMID- 7031881 TI - [Clinical experiences with the ITI hollow cylinder implant]. PMID- 7031882 TI - [Amalgam superstructures in the area of the lateral teeth: a new method for an old problem]. PMID- 7031883 TI - [Restatement of the technic of intra-alveolar stabilizer pins]. PMID- 7031884 TI - [Some recent advances of iron metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031885 TI - [Progress in the mechanism of hypothalamic obesity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031886 TI - [Biochemistry of endorphins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031887 TI - [Some metabolic changes in human physical performance and introduction of ergogenic substances (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031888 TI - [Coding of complex sounds in the auditory system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031889 TI - [Cardiopulmonary-renal reflex (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031890 TI - [A simple method for recording beats of cultured myocardial cell (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031891 TI - [Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and its analogue investigation and application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031892 TI - [Research advances in central nervous system effects of scopolamine and related compounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031893 TI - Direct intercellular communication in health and disease: an overview. AB - Direct intercellular communication (cell to cell coupling) is a mechanism for the local transit of information between cells and supplements the endocrine and nervous systems. Electrophysiological, biochemical, histological and cell culture techniques have established the widespread existence of coupling in mammalian tissues, and the importance of the gap junction has been recognised. Information is carried in the form of ions and small molecules between cells, and sensitive apparatus exists within each cell for controlling the permeability of the junctional membrane. The system may be important in the control and co-ordination of cellular metabolism and growth in the embryo and in adult tissues. Disorders of direct intercellular communication may be important in the pathogenesis of some diseases, in particular cancer. PMID- 7031894 TI - Harvey's contemporaries--science and society. PMID- 7031895 TI - The Bramwells and neurology in Edinburgh. AB - An account is given of the life and work of Sir Byrom Bramwell (1847-1931), and his son Professor Edwin Bramwell (1873-1952). They were outstanding as clinical observers and teachers. Byrom Bramwell began his professional work in his father's practice in North Shields. After a brief period of hospital work in Newcastle he moved to Edinburgh. His early struggles in consulting practice were combined with prolific writing of papers and books. He became the leading physician in Scotland. Edwin Bramwell received extensive postgraduate training as a neurologist and returned to practise in Edinburgh. He became Moncrieff-Arnott Professor of Medicine, and was widely known as a clinician, lecturer, and writer on medical subjects. He was particularly active in postgraduate teaching. Both of the Bramwells became, in their turn, President of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. Edwin Bramwell was also President of the Association of British Neurologists. They shared an interest in angling which was their principal recreation. Their work is reviewed and considered in its historical perspective. PMID- 7031896 TI - Tracking genes in developing mice. PMID- 7031897 TI - Detection of mutagens in complex samples by the Salmonella assay applied directly on thin-layer chromatography plates. AB - A new technique is reported in which components in complex samples are separated on thin-layer chromatography plates and their mutagenic effect is registered directly on the plates by means of the Salmonella assay. The method is quick and simple and particularly useful for screening large numbers of environmental samples. Qualitative comparisons of mutagens in different samples can easily be made. REgistered mutagens can be identified by the chemical analysis of extracts from duplicate plates. PMID- 7031898 TI - Actin distribution patterns in the mouse neural tube during neurulation. AB - With the use of antibodies to actin and indirect immunofluorescent techniques regions of increased actin concentration were demonstrated first in basal and later in apical areas of mouse neuroepithelial cells. These patterns of staining corresponded to shape changes observed in cranial neural folds as they initially elevated from the neural plate and later moved toward the midline. PMID- 7031899 TI - Wound tissue can utilize a polymeric template to synthesize a functional extension of skin. AB - Prompt and long-term closure of full-thickness skin wounds is guinea pigs and humans is achieved by applying a bilayer polymeric membrane. The membrane comprises a top layer of a silicone elastomer and a bottom layer of a porous cross-linked network of collagen and glycosaminoglycan. The bottom layer can be seeded with a small number of autologous basal cells before grafting. No immunosuppression is used and infection, exudation, and rejection are absent. Host tissue utilizes the sterile membrane as a culture medium to synthesize neoepidermal and neodermal tissue. A functional extension of skin over the entire wound area is formed in about 4 weeks. PMID- 7031900 TI - Insulin stimulates the phosphorylation of the 95,000-dalton subunit of its own receptor. AB - Cultured human lymphocytes and rat hepatoma cells were labeled with [32P]orthophosphate and the insulin receptor subunits identified by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoreses. In both cell types the 95,000-dalton (beta) subunit of the insulin receptor was selectively phosphorylated. Phosphorylation was specifically stimulated by insulin in a dose dependent fashion after 1 and 15 minutes of hormone treatment, whereas human growth hormone was without effect. This phosphorylation may be a very early event in insulin action. PMID- 7031901 TI - Reduced sympathetic nervous system responsivity associated with the relaxation response. AB - Sympathetic nervous system activity was assessed in experimental and control subjects who were exposed to graded orthostatic and isometric stress during monthly hospital visits. After the first session, the experimental subjects practiced a technique that elicited the relaxation response. Their concentrations of plasma norepinephrine during subsequent graded stresses were significantly higher. No such changes were noted in the control group. These results were than replicated in the control group in a crossover experiment. The groups did not differ in their heart rate and blood pressure responses. These observations are consistent with reduced norepinephrine end-organ responsivity after regular elicitation of the relaxation response. PMID- 7031902 TI - Medical technology and the crisis of experience: the costs of clinical legitimation. PMID- 7031903 TI - "What is to be done? Burning questions of our movement". PMID- 7031904 TI - Godly medicine: the ambiguities of medical mission in southeast Tanzania, 1900 1945. PMID- 7031905 TI - [Mechanism of the action of allopurinol]. PMID- 7031906 TI - [Role of smoking in the occurrence of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7031907 TI - [Campylobacteriosis]. PMID- 7031908 TI - [Pseudosarcomatous lymphomatosis (pseudolymphomatosis) of the stomach and malignant gastric lymphoma]. PMID- 7031909 TI - [Possible approaches to the rational differentiation of diseases and syndromes combined under the heading "atherosclerosis"]. PMID- 7031910 TI - [Method of local clearance of 133Xe in evaluation of the tissue blood flow in patients with thromboobliterative diseases of the arteries of the lower extremities (literature review)]. PMID- 7031911 TI - [New drugs in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7031912 TI - [Lymphocyte blast-transformation in children with intestinal infections]. PMID- 7031913 TI - A law to last the century? PMID- 7031914 TI - [Serbian medical schools in the Middle Ages]. PMID- 7031915 TI - [Physicians and medicine in Pirot after liberation from Turkey]. PMID- 7031916 TI - [The contribution of Mihajlo Pupin to medical science]. PMID- 7031917 TI - [Indications for and surgical the technic of removal of transplanted kidneys]. PMID- 7031919 TI - [Diagnosis of rejection]. PMID- 7031918 TI - [Urinary fistula after kidney allotransplantation]. PMID- 7031920 TI - [Traction on nerve sutures. Preliminary report]. PMID- 7031921 TI - [Mycotic infection after allogenic kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7031922 TI - [Strength of bone and cartilage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031923 TI - [Theory and practice of casting defects in dental castings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031924 TI - The liver alcohol - and aldehyde dehydrogenases of rats with chronic alcohol intoxication after riboflavin administration. PMID- 7031925 TI - Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. AB - Since 1964 there has been a steady improvement in the management and survival of patients with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. The discussion focuses on the pathology; clinical, laboratory, and x-ray observations; supportive therapy; and surgical management of this problem. Intestinal malabsorption continues to be a significant problem in such patients, but in the author's experience it generally resolves within a month of reconstitution of gastrointestinal continuity. PMID- 7031926 TI - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. AB - Surgical intervention for congenital diaphragmatic hernia is urgent, but success depends more on preoperative and postoperative management of the associated physiologic derangements. Survival seems to depend on the condition of the lungs at birth. In the future, correction of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in utero may be possible. PMID- 7031927 TI - Developments in the care of patients with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. PMID- 7031928 TI - Appendicitis. PMID- 7031929 TI - Thoracic trauma in children. PMID- 7031930 TI - Diagnosis and operative management of chest wall deformities in children. PMID- 7031931 TI - Liver tumors. AB - Several different malignant and benign tumors of the liver are seen in children. They pose a significant challenge for the pediatric surgeon because they reach a very large size before discovery and hepatic resection is usually necessary for cure. Surgical mortality and morbidity are still significant. PMID- 7031932 TI - Current concepts in pediatric anesthesia with emphasis on the newborn infant. PMID- 7031933 TI - Surgical adjuvant therapy for malignant melanoma. PMID- 7031934 TI - Adjuvant immunotherapy or chemotherapy for malignant melanoma. Preliminary report of the National Cancer Institute randomized clinical trial. PMID- 7031935 TI - Surgical adjuvant therapy for lung cancer. AB - Many patients with lung cancer have disease disseminated beyond the thorax at the time of presentation. In patients with resectable disease, the first site of recurrence following surgery is frequently outside of the thorax. Therefore, the major problem in lung cancer is control of distant metastatic disease rather than failure to control local disease. For these reasons, adjuvant therapy has been directed primarily toward the microscopic systemic disease. Immunotherapy has shown some promise as a systemic agent in lung cancer, but it is clear from the early trials that the effect of immunotherapy is marginal. Newer types of immunotherapy are being developed, and at the present time, intralesional BCG immunotherapy holds considerable promise. However, the ultimate success of immunotherapy will reply on the development of better immunotherapeutic agents and a better knowledge of the immunologic relationship between the host and the tumor. Studies evaluating chemotherapy as a systemic adjuvant to surgery have not been promising in the past. However, new combination chemotherapeutic regimens that have a response rate of 40 per cent in advanced disease and that have acceptable toxicity offer considerable promise in the area of adjuvant therapy. Certainly adjuvant chemotherapy has been successful in sarcomas, germ cell tumors of the testes, Wilms' tumors, and breast cancer, as well as other solid tumors, and its reasonable to anticipate that effective combination chemotherapy will be developed that will be useful as a surgical adjuvant in lung cancer. Several trials are currently in progress evaluating preoperative chemotherapy in advanced resectable disease and also postoperative adjuvant therapy following total resection. These studies are now in progress and the preliminary results are encouraging, but the definitive statement cannot yet be made. PMID- 7031936 TI - Defining the needs for adjuvant therapy of rectal and colonic cancer. AB - Current trials concerned with the adjuvant therapy for large bowel cancer demonstrate for the first time that improvements in survival through the use of adjuvant therapy may be possible in rectal cancer. Similar results in well designed studies are not evident for colonic cancer. These trials deserve confirmation. In addition, they demonstrate the biologic difference in the behavior of colonic and rectal cancer despite similar requirements in defining curative surgical resection. A comparison of trials unique to individual institutions suggests that the lenient criteria for patient selection and the use of historical control groups make the data from these studies impossible to interpret for extrapolation to wide clinical use. The variations in the survival rates of historical groups, both among different studies and within the same study, suggest that the design of adjuvant therapy programs without concurrent surgically treated control groups will predictably produce a study of limited value, but one that is guaranteed to generate continued controversy. Uniformity of language, staging, and method of reporting is invaluable if individual trials of adjuvant therapy are to become comparable. The development and widespread use of an agreed-upon staging method is an important step in the preparation for further adjuvant trials. The definition of additional prognostic factors (beyond mural penetration and nodal involvement) in rectal cancer and stratification for these additional factors in the design of studies concerning adjuvant therapy in rectal cancer seems to be a target of importance for future studies of adjuvant therapy. Focusing attention on which patients with rectal cancer actually derived a benefit from treatment may assist in the development of a pattern in which surgical goals and radiation goals can achieve better definition in clinical use. PMID- 7031937 TI - Adjuvant therapy for large bowel cancer: update of Veterans Administration Surgical Oncology Group Trials. PMID- 7031938 TI - The current status of systemic adjuvant therapy in the management of primary breast cancer. PMID- 7031939 TI - Surgical adjuvant therapy for soft tissue sarcomas. PMID- 7031940 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with soft tissue sarcomas. PMID- 7031941 TI - Partition of the lesser curvature of the stomach in morbid obesity. PMID- 7031942 TI - The surgical practice of Dominique Jean Larrey. PMID- 7031943 TI - Necrotizing fasciitis. PMID- 7031944 TI - Digital video subtraction angiography: screening technique for renovascular hypertension. AB - Significant deterrents to the detection of renovascular hypertension are the unreliability of current screening methods and the widespread belief that the incidence of renal artery stenosis is too low to justify the expense and morbidity of routine angiography. We have developed a new imaging method, digital video subtraction angiography, suitable for screening outpatients for renal artery lesions. It involves injecting a 45 cc bolus of contrast medium through a venous catheter. Instead of exposing x-ray film, images are recorded directly on an image intensifier, digitized, and stored in a computer that electronically subtracts, reconstructs, enhances, and magnifies the images on a video screen. Renal parenchymal vessels less than 1 mm in diameter can be seen. So far, 45 studies have been performed in 39 hypertensive patients. Images of diagnostic quality were obtained in all except one. Renal artery stenosis was revealed in 15 patients, renal artery occlusion in two, diffuse intrarenal arterial narrowing in two, atrophic kidney with small renal arteries in two, and normal renal vessels in 23. Digital video subtraction angiography is an inexpensive, cost-effective, safe, and accurate method for renovascular hypertension screening and for evaluating patients after surgical correction of renal artery stenosis. PMID- 7031945 TI - [Acceptance program for metal alloys-fused-to-porcelain (MPB alloys) type 1 with a high content of precious metals (78% by weight)]. PMID- 7031946 TI - [The importance of J. J. Pindborg to research and education]. PMID- 7031947 TI - [Oral pathology--excerpts from a professional history (J.J. Pindborg)]. PMID- 7031948 TI - [J.J. Pindborg and Danish hospital dentistry. Various thoughts on State hospital separation of dental, oral and periodontal diseases]. PMID- 7031949 TI - [J.J. Pindborg and the Danish Dental Association. Political activity and the promise of future improvements and further improvements in dentistry]. PMID- 7031950 TI - [Quality assurance. Various facts and opinions about the editor of Tandlaegebladet for 20 years (J.J. Pindborg)]. PMID- 7031951 TI - [Bibliography of J.J. Pindborg]. PMID- 7031952 TI - [Caries-preventive effect of a fluoride-containing lacquer, Duraphat, evaluated in a clinical study]. PMID- 7031953 TI - [Toothache and loose teeth]. PMID- 7031954 TI - [Use of L-leucine and aminophylline tests in evaluation of the function of islands of Langerhans in patients with thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 7031955 TI - [Roentgenological changes in the bones in patients with chronic kidney failure after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7031956 TI - [Disorders of water-salt metabolism in chronic diffuse liver diseases]. PMID- 7031957 TI - [Clinical manifestations of mixed variant of pseudotuberculosis]. PMID- 7031958 TI - [Development of acute coronary insufficiency (myocardial infarction) in patients with bacterial food poisoning]. PMID- 7031959 TI - [Diagnostic value of determination of intragastric proteolysis in malignant stomach ulcer]. PMID- 7031960 TI - [Functional state of enteroinsular system in duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7031961 TI - [Over 30 years as a physician]. PMID- 7031962 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of vulvovaginal mycosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7031963 TI - Development of secondary polycythaemia in chronic airways obstruction. PMID- 7031964 TI - Operation for repair of obstructed substernocostal (Morgagni) hernia. PMID- 7031965 TI - Should corticosteroid aerosols be used in severe chronic asthma? PMID- 7031966 TI - Joseph Skoda 1805-81: a centenary tribute to a pioneer of thoracic medicine. AB - Joseph Skoda was born on 5 December 1805 in Pilsen, Bohemia, and studied medicine in Vienna, where he became professor of medicine in 1846. His clinical researches into cardiopulmonary disease at the Allgemeine Krankenhaus were complementary to the pathological anatomical studies carried out there by Karl von Rokitansky. Skoda had been stimulated by the pioneer work on percussin and auscultation of the Paris school of medicine, but his own researches simplified the classification of physical signs taught by the French masters, Laennec and Piorry. Skoda's findings were collected in his magnum opus, Abhandlung uber Perkussion und Auskultation (1839), in which he described his famous eponymous physical sign, "Skodaic resonance." Skoda was sceptical of the medical treatment then available and was labelled a "therapeutic nihilist." Together with Rokitansky, he helped to make Vienna, for a time, the focal point of medical teaching in Europe. He died on 13 June 1881. PMID- 7031967 TI - The pulmonary clock. PMID- 7031968 TI - Reception of the stethoscope and Laennec's book. AB - A study of contemporary book reviews and other notices enables us to trace the reception of the stethoscope and Laennec's book between 1816 and 1826. It is quite clear from these that the stethoscope was welcomed with enthusiasm by most people who saw it as the first major diagnostic tool medicine had ever had. Laennec's book was recognised as being the most important, interesting, accurate, and complete work on diseases of the chest that had ever been published. PMID- 7031969 TI - Progressive lung disease in a malt-worker. AB - We described a malt-worker whose initial symptoms suggested extrinsic allergic alveolitis. The ensuing cavitating lung disease, Aspergillus fumigatus infection with mycetomata, vigorous immune response, and granulomatous liver disease are unusual features. PMID- 7031970 TI - Moses Maimonides' Treatise on Asthma. PMID- 7031971 TI - Measurement of bronchial reactivity: a question of interpretation. PMID- 7031972 TI - Airway responsiveness to histamine and methacholine: relationship to minimum treatment to control symptoms of asthma. AB - We have prospectively examined in 51 patients the relationship between the level of airway responsiveness to histamine and methacholine and the minimum medications required to control asthma. First we determined the least medication that was required to control symptoms so that they did not disturb sleep, were not present on waking, and did not require use of inhaled salbutamol (200 microgram) more than four times daily. When baseline FEV1 was greater than 70% of predicted and when there had been no respiratory infection or allergen exposure for six weeks, histamine and methacholine inhalation tests were carried out on separate days to determine the provocation concentration causing a fall in FEV1 of 20% (PC20). There was a close correlation between the PC20 to the two agents. The patients were grouped into 1, those who required no medication; 2, those who required salbutamol (200 microgram) occasionally but not daily; 3, those who required daily salbutamol; and 4, those who required additional beclomethasone dipropionate. The mean PC20 was highest in group 1 and lowest in group 4; there was a significant difference between each group. The results indicate that airway responsiveness to vasoactive amines is either an important determinant of the severity of asthma and the medication requirements or a consequence of the severity of asthma. They raise the possibility that measurement of responsiveness may be useful in some patients with established asthma to substantiate or question medication needs. PMID- 7031973 TI - Effect of aerosol and oral fenoterol on histamine and methacholine challenge in asthmatic subjects. AB - In order to determine the effect of drugs on bronchial hyperreactivity in subjects with asthma, 12 atopic asthmatic volunteers underwent bronchial challenge with either histamine or methacholine on three separate days. Before the challenges no medication was given on the first day, on the second 400 microgram of aerosol fenoterol and on the third 5 mg of oral fenoterol were administered. The aerosol fenoterol caused the dose response curves to both histamine and methacholine to be shifted to the right in all subjects. The oral dose produced no significant change from the control values. The slope of the dose response curves was not altered by either the oral or the aerosol drug. It is concluded that aerosol but not oral fenoterol in the clinical dosage, causes a change in the sensitivity but not in the reactivity of the airway of patients with atopic asthma. PMID- 7031974 TI - Optimal dose of salbutamol respiratory solution: comparison of three doses with plasma levels. AB - Salbutamol solution is usually administered by nebuliser in a dose of 5 mg. Little evidence exists that this is the optimal dose for bronchodilatation or that this dose is without side-effects. Twelve patients with asthma were given increasing doses of salbutamol 1.5 mg, 3.0 mg, 7.5 mg, and placebo. Treatments were administered twice daily for four days in a double-blind manner. Measurements of ventilatory capacity, pulse rate, and tremor were recorded before and for three hours after treatment. There was a significant dose-related response for FEVI and peak flow rate. There was also a significant dose-related response in pulse rate and tremor. The incidence of palpitations was similarly related to dose. Plasma levels of salbutamol were measured before and after treatment with salbutamol and showed a dose related increase in salbutamol absorption which begins to be evident after the 3.0 mg dose. Three milligrams of salbutamol nebuliser solution may be an optimal dose, producing satisfactory bronchodilatation but fewer side-effects related to systemic absorption. PMID- 7031975 TI - Comparison of inhaled and intravenous terbutaline in acute severe asthma. AB - In patients with acute severe asthma, 5 mg of terbutaline by inhalation and 500 microgram intravenously in divided doses both produced equally effective but not maximal bronchodilatation. There was no difference in the production of side effects. These results support the view that inhaled therapy can be as effective in patients with acute severe asthma as injected treatment. In view of the risks of intravenous treatment, especially using high doses, inhaled bronchodilator therapy would seem advisable as initial treatment. PMID- 7031976 TI - The asthma syndrome: inciters, inducers, and host characteristics. PMID- 7031977 TI - Immunohistochemical study of collagen types in human foetal lung and fibrotic lung disease. AB - Highly purified type-specific anti-collagen antibodies (prepared in animals to types I, II, III, and IV bovine collagen) were used in an indirect immunofluorescence method for the study of human lung collagen. The tissue localisation of each collagen type, and the apparent type I:III collagen ratio was assessed in normal foetal and adult lung and in fibrotic lung lesions. In the latter, the relationship of the findings to the natural history of the lesion was considered. This method was compared with routine connective tissue stains. The following observations were made. (1) Foetal lung in the canalicular phase of development proved a useful substrate for validating and standardizing the procedure. (2) Collagen fluorescence was more sensitive than connective tissue stains in detecting collagen in foetal tissues and sites of early fibrosis. (3) On the basis of collagen-type fluorescence, two distinctive patterns of fibrosis were recognised. Areas of mature collagen surrounding vessels and bronchi and in established scar tissue, for example in asbestotic pleural plaques, were virtually exclusively type I collagen. By contrast, areas of early active fibrosis like sarcoid nodules and organising pneumonia, which usually contained variable numbers of fibroblasts and chronic inflammatory cells, were characterised by an increased proportion of type III collagen and a greater intensity of both types I and III collagen fluorescence. The possible significance of this change in type III:I collagen ratio is discussed. Determination of the stage of fibrotic lesions by this method might have applications in the prediction of disease progression, and influence management of some conditions. PMID- 7031978 TI - Antigen of Haemophilus influenzae in bronchial tissue. AB - Haemophilus influenzae antigen was detected in five of seven bronchial biopsies obtained from patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. Antibody against H influenzae antigens was obtained from a patient with bronchiectasis. Immunofluorescent techniques were used. This provides further evidence to support the pathogenicity of H influenzae in lower respiratory tract disorders. PMID- 7031979 TI - Is cough as effective as chest physiotherapy in the removal of excessive tracheobronchial secretions? AB - The relative value of chest physiotherapy (including cough) and cough alone for the removal of excessive tracheobronchial secretions has been assessed in six patients with stable chronic obstructive lung disease. After labelling with inhaled radioactive tracer particles, clearance of secretions from selected central and peripheral lung regions was followed with a gamma camera linked to a computer. Cough alone and chest physiotherapy (including cough) were equally effective in the enhancement of central lung clearance. Physiotherapy but not cough along accelerated peripheral lung clearance (p less than 0.05). Sputum yield was greater during physiotherapy than during cough (p less than 0.05). These findings confirm the value of chest physiotherapy and high-light the limitation of cough in patients with excessive tracheobronchial secretion and impaired mucociliary clearance. PMID- 7031980 TI - The in vitro inhibitory effect on thrombin by 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. AB - Thrombin incubated with 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (150 nmol 2,3-DPG/1 NIH thrombin unit) lost up to 70% of its clotting activity, whereas the esterase activity remained unchanged. No fibrinopeptide release by thrombin was observed in the presence of 2,3-DPG. The fibrin polymerization was normal. By chromatography on Amberlite IRC-50, alpha-thrombin was eluted at pH 8.0. In presence of 2,3-DPG, alpha-thrombin was not eluted. Likely, 2,3-DPG can interfere with thrombin. PMID- 7031981 TI - The effect of cod liver oil and corn oil on platelets and vessel wall in man. AB - Ten healthy male subjects on an ordinary diet were given daily dietary supplement of 25 ml cod liver oil (CLO) or corn oil (CO) for periods of 6 weeks in a crossover study. Significant changes were observed in the plasma total fatty acid composition. The main platelet phospholipids fractions were also significantly altered, particularly by CLO with an increase of the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA): arachidonic acid (AA) ratio. Both supplements reduced collagen induced platelet aggregation and TXB2 production, with CLO as the most potent one. No spontaneous release of an antiaggregatory substance or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha from vein tissues were found, and the total urinary excretion of prostaglandin metabolites (E and F series) remained unchanged. PMID- 7031982 TI - In vivo studies on the inhibition of coagulation by fractionated heparin and by a heparin analogue. I. Effects of heparin fractions. AB - High and low molecular weight heparin fractions obtained by gel filtration chromatography of sodium mucosal heparin were injected subcutaneously into six healthy volunteers and compared with the unfractionated substance in a cross-over trial. Equal doses of 5,000 U were administered twice daily over a period of three days and heparin activity was repeatedly controlled before and 2, 4, 8 hrs after injection by means of the APTT, the anti-Xa clotting test and a chromogenic substrate assay. In addition, the in vivo effect of subcutaneously administered fractionated heparin on platelet function was examined on three of the volunteers. The results show that s.c. injections of the low molecular weight fraction induced markedly higher anti-Xa activity than injections of the other preparations. At the same time, APTT results did not significantly differ. Unfractionated heparin and the high molecular weight fraction enhanced ADP induced platelet aggregation and collagen-mediated MDA production, while the low molecular weight fraction hardly affected these assays, but potently inhibited thrombin-induced MDA production. All heparin preparations stimulated the release of platelet Factor 4 in plasma. During the three-day treatment periods, no side effects and no significant changes in the response to heparin injections were detected. PMID- 7031983 TI - Stability of prostacyclin in human plasma and whole blood: studies on the protective effect of albumin. AB - The biological half-life of prostacyclin in Krebs solution, human cell-free plasma or whole blood was measured by bracket assay on ADP-induced platelet aggregation. At 37 degrees C, pH 7.4, plasma and blood reduced the rate of loss of antiaggregatory activity compared with Krebs solution. The protective effect of plasma was greater than that of whole blood. This effect could be partially mimicked by the addition of human or bovine serum albumin to the Krebs solution. The stabilisation afforded by human serum albumin was dependent on the fatty acid content of the albumin, although this was less important for bovine serum albumin. PMID- 7031984 TI - Development of nurse cell-oocyte interactions in the insect telotrophic ovary (Rhodnius prolixus). AB - The establishment of reorganization of intercellular bridges during larval-adult ovarian differentiation is the basis of the syncytial nature of the adult hemipteran telotrophic ovary. The formation, in the late differentiation phase, of groups of closely arranged nurse cell nuclei occupying a common cytoplasm results from membrane fusions. Oocyte-oocyte intercellular bridge systems later are modified to form the trophic cords. The trophic core, which undergoes a restructuring during the late differentiation phase, mediated nurse cell-oocyte interactions in this system. Material, transported to and accumulated by late differentiation phase pre-vitellogenic oocytes, originates from trophic core restructuring and zone III nurse cell production. PMID- 7031985 TI - Influence of pancreatic duct ligation on gastric acid secretion. AB - The influence of pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) on gastric secretion was investigated in dogs with a Heidenhain pouch. A test meal was given to the dogs before PDL, and following PDL the dogs were administered with the test meal mixed with pancreatic enzymes and with the test meal alone in succession. The responses to the test meal were examined in the control period and every one week for a period of 1 to 6 weeks following PDL to identify the changes in gastric acid secretion, serum gastrin levels, immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) levels and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels. Gastric acid secretion in response to food stimulations markedly increased after PDL. However, the acid secretion was significantly inhibited by the administration of pancreatic enzymes. Serum gastrin levels began to increase from the second week and continued to increase until the sixth week after PDL, revealing no effect of pancreatic enzymes. IRG levels also increased following PDL, particularly in cases administered with pancreatic enzymes. IRI levels were higher at the first week of PDL than before PDL, but tended to decrease thereafter. It is assumed that gastric hypersecretion after PDL would have complicated relations with IRG, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) as well as with antral gastrin. PMID- 7031986 TI - Indomethacin does not attenuate the hypotensive effect of captopril, a converting enzyme inhibitor in Goldblatt hypertensive rats. PMID- 7031987 TI - The endocrine pancreas in pyridoxine deficient rats. AB - Because the supplementation of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) improves the glucose tolerance in gestational diabetes and adult onset diabetes, pyridoxine deficiency has been considered to be one of the factors that cause diabetes mellitus. We produced pyridoxine deficient rats by giving pyridoxine-free food with deoxypyridoxine which competitively the activity of pyridoxal phosphate. In these pyridoxine deficient rats plasma insulin during the glucose tolerance test was significantly low as compared with controls. In vitro experiments of pancreas perfusion showed that secretion of insulin and glucagon was impaired in the pyridoxine deficiency. Since the restriction of diet-calorie caused a decrease in arginine-induced secretion of insulin and glucagon from the isolated pancreas, the impairment of the endocrine pancreas may depend on malnutrition. Pyridoxine deficiency is surely one of the factors that impair the endocrine pancreas by multifactorial derangement of metabolism besides the tryptophan-nicotinic acid pathway. PMID- 7031988 TI - Biosynthetic routes of molecular species of lung phosphatidylglycerol. AB - Rat lung phosphatidylglycerol contained about 21% of saturated species, a predominant of which was dipalmitoyl. The biosynthetic features of molecular species of the phospholipid were investigated by incubating rat lung slices with radioactive precursors. The labeling profiles of molecular species of phosphatidylglycerol by [2-3H]glycerol and [1-14C]palmitate were significantly different from that of diacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. Mono- and dienoic species of phosphatidylglycerol were shown to have extremely high reactivity with [3H]glycerol, but the labeling of saturated species were almost half of the saturated diacylglycerol. The rate of [14C]palmitate incorporation was significantly lower in the saturated species of phosphatidylglycerol as compared to that in diacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. It was also noted that the lung tissue can utilize 1-[1-14C] palmitoyl lysophosphatidylglycerol to form tetraenoic and polyenoic phosphatidylglycerol by the direct acylation and saturated phosphatidylglycerol probably by the transacylation. The data indicate that the saturated species of phosphatidylglycerol may be synthesized de novo via phosphatidic acid CDP-diacylglycerol route and also via transacylation pathway, but it may not be synthesized by the direct acylation pathway. PMID- 7031989 TI - Development of malignant hypertension in patients with uremia under hemodialysis: a case report and discussions on its etiology. AB - A woman, now 28 years old, was diagnosed 6 years ago as chronic glomerulonephritis by renal biopsy. From August 15, 1975 she complained of nausea, loss of appetite and weight (about 7 kg within 2 weeks). Severe hypertension (200/130 mmHg), hyponatremia (123 mEq/liter), anemia, elevated plasma renin activity (PRA), advanced azotemia, and eye ground changes of KW-II were found. Dialysis treatment was started on September 2, 1975. From November 1975 massive amounts of sodium (5,000 mEq or more monthly) and water (26 liters or more monthly) were removed by the dialysis. These intensive dialyses resulted in an elevated PRA with recurrence of severe hypertension. At the end of March 1976 she became almost blind with retinopathy of KW-IV. Potent hypotensive drugs including beta-blockers were administered, but no improvements were obtained. On March 31, 1976 nephrectomy was performed to save her life. Marked hyalinization of glomeruli and heavy thickening of intima in interlobular arteries were found in the removed kidneys. Renal artery stenosis was not recognized either macroscopically or histologically. In this patient, the amount of sodium removed by the dialysis was dependent on her diastolic blood pressure and sodium concentration of the dialysis. It may be concluded that too enthusiastic dialysis may develop malignant hypertension due to excessive renin release. PMID- 7031990 TI - Elevated urinary excretion of metallothionein due to environmental cadmium exposure. AB - Metallothionein, a low molecular weight cadmium-binding protein, has been determined for the first time in urine of "itai-itai" disease patients and other Japanese women environmentally exposed to cadmium. On a group basis, the urinary metallothionein levels of "itai-itai" disease patients and suspected patients were significantly higher than that of women living in a cadmium-polluted area. Women living in a non-polluted area excreted significantly less metallothionein than women living in a cadmium-polluted area. A similar trend was observed for urinary beta 2-microglobulin, a nonspecific index of renal tubular dysfunction. However, mean levels of urinary cadmium in the "itai-itai" disease patients, suspected patients and women living in the cadmium-polluted area were similar. It is suggested that if, in addition to beta 2-microglobulin and cadmium, metallothionein is used as another index of cadmium exposure, monitoring of renal tubular dysfunction caused by cadmium may be more effectively carried out. PMID- 7031991 TI - Effect of high helium and hydrostatic pressure on bacterial mutation and growth. AB - The mutagenic and toxic effect of high helium and hydrostatic pressure were assessed in an in vitro microbial assay using two histidine-dependent strains of Salmonella typhimurium. TA98 and TA100. Bacteria in the presence or absence of mammalian enzyme system were subjected to either 50 or 100 atmospheres absolute (ATA) helium or 300 ATA hydrostatic pressure. The number of revertant colonies, colony forming units and cell growth rates were measured. There was no mutagenic effect of decrease in number of colony forming units at any of the pressures tested. However, a statistically significant decrease in growth rate of exponentially dividing cells was seen at 300 ATA hydrostatic pressure and 100 ATA helium, but not at 50 ATA helium. PMID- 7031992 TI - The history of periodontology in South Africa. PMID- 7031993 TI - [Collagenolytic activity of the gingival fluid and the state of the periodontal tissues]. PMID- 7031994 TI - [Results of a free periosteal graft in replacing an experimentally modelled "congenital" jaw defect]. PMID- 7031995 TI - [Clinical evaluation of fillings made of polymeric materials]. PMID- 7031996 TI - [Local natural factors of body protection in periodontosis treatment using a formalinized allograft]. PMID- 7031997 TI - [Uranoplasty method based on the principle of the reciprocal folding over of the palatal flaps]. PMID- 7031998 TI - [Indications for using removable prostheses with cast metal bases]. PMID- 7031999 TI - [Reasons for gold losses at the separate stages of prosthesis preparation]. PMID- 7032000 TI - [Improvement in denture fixation on edentulous jaws]. PMID- 7032001 TI - [Experience with L. E. Frolova's method of palatoplasty at an early age]. PMID- 7032002 TI - [Bone alloplasty as a surgical treatment method of micrognathism in children]. PMID- 7032003 TI - [Orthodontic appliance for regulated transposition of the teeth]. PMID- 7032004 TI - Cortical blood flow: thermal diffusion vs isotope clearance. AB - A thermal diffusion flow probe incorporating a Peltier stack has been found to give a quantitative dynamic assessment of cortical blood flow in both the laboratory and clinical settings. Further calibration characteristics of the probe were evaluated by correlation with the fast component of Xe133 clearance in cats. The correlation has some linear characteristics but is better defined by the equation: CBFp = phi(1/delta V - 1/delta Vo) Where CBFp is flow in ml/100 g/min, delta V is the voltage difference of the thermocouples, and delta Vo is the voltage difference of the thermocouples with no flow, which was 342.8 +/- 12.9 microv. Phi describes the characteristics of the probe and was determined to be 52,431.2 +/- 4796.3. The average deviation of the calculated curve from the experimental data points was +/- 6.3. The calculated phi differed markedly from the mean when Xe133 fast component flows were less than 35 ml/100 g/min. This is evidence that CBF as measured by Xe133 clearance analyzed by the bicompartmental technique loses accuracy at lower flows. The thermal diffusion flow probe is a good device for evaluation of flow in acute ischemia models since it can delineate abrupt flow variations. Theoretically the flow probe can accurately measure flow at ischemic levels. PMID- 7032005 TI - [Basic achievements of the scientific activities of the Research Institute of Forensic Medicine over the past 50 years]. PMID- 7032006 TI - Composition and development of the bacterial photosynthetic apparatus. PMID- 7032007 TI - Tubulin and the microtubule system in cellular growth and development. PMID- 7032008 TI - Macromolecular organization of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. PMID- 7032009 TI - Amino acids from the moon: notes on meteorites. PMID- 7032010 TI - The effect of embryonal thymic calf extracts on neonatally thymectomized mice and on mice lethally irradiated with gamma rays. AB - The effect of embryonal thymic calf extracts (ETCE) on mice thymectomized at birth was investigated. ETCE was found to induce an increase in leukopenia and a decrease in the level of serum gamma globulins; it also reduced survival time in mice. The effect of ETCE on lethally irradiated mice was also examined. Only long term administration of ETCE prior to gamma irradiation at 750 rad prolonged the survival time of mice (40% permanent survival) as compared with irradiated controls; the leukocytes from mice retained mitotic capability. Neither long-term treatment with ETCE prior to irradiation at 1000 rad, nor short-term administration prior to 750 rad affected survival time. ETCE administered after irradiation of mice with 750 rad caused a rapid decrease in blood leukocytes and a significantly lowered survival time. PMID- 7032011 TI - Eccentric fixation and viewing and hemispheral dominance. PMID- 7032012 TI - Disorders of head and eye movements in children. AB - Disturbances of the normal relationship of head and eye movements occur in several pathological conditions, including disorders of rapid eye movements and various forms of congenital nystagmus. In disorders of rapid eye movements the abnormal head movements may be a learned response using various techniques to improve eye velocity and amplitude. In congenital nystagmus with head shaking, the head movements may be compensatory, of common genesis, or suppressive. The vestibulo-ocular reflex may be manipulated in certain circumstances to achieve eye stability or to increase eye movement velocity. In certain head tremors the eye movements observed may be normal vestibulo-ocular compensatory movements. PMID- 7032013 TI - The Montgomery Lecture, 1980. Endocrine ophthalmopathy. PMID- 7032014 TI - Monocyte-mediated erythrocyte destruction. A comparative study of current methods. AB - Three assay systems-EAIgG rosette formation, 51Cr release, and erythrophagocytosis-were used to quantitate interaction between antibody-coated human erythrocytes and normal blood monocytes. The three methods were compared in terms of time requirements and sensitivity. Erythrophagocytosis required more time to perform (2 hours) than did rosette tests (30 minutes) but less than minimum 51Cr release assays (5.5 hours). Erythrophagocytosis was 20-fold more sensitive than either of the other two procedures. Results obtained with purified IgG anti-D and with antibodies induced by transfusion or pregnancy were similar. PMID- 7032015 TI - Antibodies to heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxins in human milk and sera. A study of Ethiopian and Swedish mothers and their children. AB - Maternal serum and cord blood from 50 Ethiopian, 10 Costa Rican and 20 Swedish newly delivered mothers and their babies was examined for the presence of antibodies against heat labile (LT) enterotoxin from a human strain of E. coli. 96% of the Ethiopian, 80% of the Costa Rican and 30% of the Swedish mothers and infants had detectable antibody levels. The titres were significantly higher in the Ethiopian material. Furthermore, antibody titres to E. coli enterotoxin were determined in breast milk collected from Ethiopian mothers at 48 h and at 1 month after delivery. One third of these mothers had detectable levels of antibodies in samples from early lactation. Experiments performed with LT enterotoxin from another human and with LT from a porcine E. coli strain confirmed the results. Neutralization tests with cholera enterotoxin as antigen were all negative in sera and milk samples from all these groups. The material has been collected in three different geographical areas which are nonendemic for cholera. PMID- 7032016 TI - [Form of red and white human erythrocyte ghosts and the ultrastructure of the internal perimembrane layer]. AB - The shape of red and white ghosts and the ultrastructure of the inner perimembrane layers have been studied. The cytoplasmic perimembrane layer is proved to have a fibrous lattice-like structure. The ghosts with a great amount of hemoglobin have ellipsoid or deformed circular shapes. White, hemoglobin-free ghosts have an irregular shape. After their resealing with a following incubation in an isoosmostic (300 imomole) succarose solution they assume a shape of narrow arcous profiles containing fibrous lattice-like material. The organization of this material is variable and depends on the degree of ghost hydration. It is proposed that this spectrin-like material may account for the stability of the long-range membrane organization. PMID- 7032017 TI - [Primary culture of endothelial cells from the human umbilical vein: identification and characteristics of a growing and confluent culture]. AB - Endothelial cells (EC) were derived selectively from the intimal surface of human umbilical veins with a 0.1% collagenase solution, after Gimbrone et al. (1974) with some modifications. The plating efficiency to plastic was 70-75% for 24 hours in collagenase dispersed cells. A confluent monolayer with cell density 10(5) cells/cm2 as formed by 5-8 days. The optimal cell growth was obtained with seed density 5-8 X 10(4) cells/cm2. The EC were identified in culture using the following hallmarks: a) the presence of the Weibel-Palade bodies in the cytoplasm, b) VIII coagulation factor, c) silver staining of EC borders in monolayer. The EC doubling time in the log phase of growth was shown to be 48-56 hours. The contact DNA inhibition was demonstrated in confluent culture with 3H thymidine incorporation and by means of a cell flow-cytofluorometry method. The same methods were used for evaluating the homogeneity of EC in culture. PMID- 7032018 TI - A study of the characteristics and course of sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - A total of 302 Chinese patients were diagnosed on clinical and radiographic grounds by chest physicians from the Hong Kong Chest Service as having radiographically active pulmonary tuberculosis, but had sputum negative for acid fast bacilli on 5 recent microscopical examinations. They were not given antituberculosis chemotherapy until active disease had been confirmed by positive bacteriological findings, or by radiographic or clinical deterioration during close observation. Of the 283 patients assessed up to 30 months, 200 (71%) had active disease confirmed and had chemotherapy started during the 30 months. A further 42 (15%) had evidence of changing lesions on serial chest radiography, and hence of recently active disease. A number of characteristics of the patients and of their bacteriological and radiographic status were tested singly and in combination for association with the presence of active disease confirmed on admission or at any time during the 30 months. Patients with radiographic lesions which were larger and classified as "active" on independent radiological assessment, and with a history of blood-streaked sputum or frank haemoptysis were more likely to have unquestionably active disease on admission or at some time during the 30 months, than patients without these characteristics. PMID- 7032019 TI - An electron microscopy study of intra-cellular mycobacteria in experimental mouse tuberculosis. AB - Ultra-thin sections for electron microscopy (EM) were prepared from granulomatous lungs which developed in mice in response to experimental infection by a highly virulent strain of M. bovis. A subsidiary study was made of the EM appearance of mycobacteria separated from the lung tissue homogenate by differential centrifugation and trypsin-digestion. Examination of many micrographs showed that the phagosomal membrane may, at least partly, be in close contact with the cell wall of ingested mycobacteria. Such areas of contact often produce an electron dense granularity or a row of evenly-spaced minute granules, accompanying the damage to the inner structure of the bacterial cell. A variety of disintegrating bacterial figures were observed, characterized by inward detachment of the plasma membrane, shrinkage and digestion of the cytoplasm, and occasional rupture of the cell wall. Various forms of lamellated and osmophilic inclusion bodies were present in macrophages, but their relation to ingested mycobacteria was uncertain. PMID- 7032020 TI - Is BCG vaccination effective? PMID- 7032021 TI - [The systemic effects of anesthetic gases. An attempt to assess the risks to personnel exposed to gases]. PMID- 7032022 TI - [Self-determination of blood glucose by pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7032023 TI - [Combined treatment of angina pectoris with nifedipine and metoprolol]. PMID- 7032024 TI - [Presentation of the Barfred-Pedersen award (Gert Poulsen)]. PMID- 7032025 TI - [Operative management of fractures, its development, efficiency and results in comparison with conservative methods of therapy - a justification. Part 2]. PMID- 7032026 TI - [Bacteriological findings in open fractures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032027 TI - [Centenary of the birth of Prof. A.A. Chaika]. PMID- 7032028 TI - [Joaquin Albarran and his role in the development of urology]. PMID- 7032029 TI - [Peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of chronic kidney failure in children]. PMID- 7032030 TI - Renal bench surgery. AB - Eighteen patients undergoing bench surgery and autotransplantation are reported. The major indications for this procedure are renovascular hypertension and neoplasms affecting either both kidneys or a solitary kidney. The least satisfactory results were obtained when calculus disease was present. PMID- 7032031 TI - Perinephric abscess with renal cell carcinoma. AB - A case of perinephric abscess with renal cell carcinoma is presented. Hematuria is uncommon in cases of perinephric abscess. When hematuria is present in a patient with perinephric abscess further evaluation is necessary to rule out an associated malignant process. PMID- 7032032 TI - Focal angiographic findings in renal transplant rejection. AB - The angiographic signs of renal allograft rejection are usually diffusely seen throughout the kidney. Three cases of focal rejection are presented including one with histologic confirmation. Possible etiologic mechanisms are discussed. The presence of focal findings at angiography should not rule out the diagnosis of rejection. PMID- 7032033 TI - Spontaneous rupture of renal pelvis after renal transplantation. PMID- 7032034 TI - Diagnostic strategy in evaluation of renal abscess. AB - The diagnosis of renal abscess is still a challenging problem. Early manifestations are usually nonspecific and nonlocalizing. Clinical picture, laboratory data, and intravenous pyelogram do not always differentiate between inflammatory lesions and neoplastic processes. Two cases with bilateral, metachronous renal abscesses are presented. The use of 111Indium scan is probably the major recent advance used for unmasking this inflammatory lesion. Sonography, computerized tomography scan, and even arteriography are sometimes necessary to establish reliable preoperative diagnosis. The diagnostic strategy for a systematic approach to the lesion is outlined. PMID- 7032035 TI - Significance of vesicoureteral reflux in renal transplantation. PMID- 7032036 TI - Quantitative renal scintillation camera studies in renal transplantation. AB - Renal transplant recipients and donors were studied serially with quantitative renal scintillation camera studies utilizing 131I-Hippuran and 99mTc-Iron ascorbate. This study allows for determination of effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), filtration fraction (FF), and predicted return in ten minutes. A drop in FF occurred with, or preceded clinical rejection; whereas, an increase in FF occurred with acute tubular necorsis (ATN) caused by preservation injury, aminoglycosides, and following acute rejection. Combined with the other parameters of renal function determined by this technique, FF alterations proved useful in the differentiation of ATN from rejection and in predicting the prognosis of renal homografts. PMID- 7032037 TI - Circumcision incision for insertion of semirigid penile prosthesis. PMID- 7032038 TI - [Problems of technic and procedure in replantation of the fingers]. AB - The method and technique of operations of replantation of 22 fingers following their complete abruption fulfilled in order to recover the main blood flow and functions of the floating apparatus are analyzed. Details of osteosynthesis of the phalanges fragments, succession of the restoration of the vessels and other anatomic structures are discussed as well as specific features of the additional incisions providing closure of the skin wound. PMID- 7032039 TI - [Open injuries to the pancreas]. AB - All the open injuries of the pancreas observed by the authors were of the associated character. The clinical picture was determined by shock, internal hemorrhage and peritonitis. In none of the cases the diagnosis of injury of the pancreas had been made before operation. The authors recommend to suture injuries of the pancreas by an atraumatic needle with fixation of the omentum. The operation must be accomplished by drainage of bursa omentalis. Tamponage should be used only in continuing hemorrhage from the pancreas wounds or in a developing abscess. PMID- 7032040 TI - [Use of skin-muscle flaps in plastic and restorative surgery (a review of the foreign literature)]. PMID- 7032041 TI - [Surgical and traumatological problems in V. A. Manassein's journal Vrach (1880 1901)]. PMID- 7032042 TI - [Intramural esophageal abscesses]. AB - Intramural abscesses of the oesophagus resulting from nonpenetrating injuries of it with foreign bodies were observed by the authors in 12 of 377 patients. According to their data, 11 patients with small intramural abscesses showed good recovery after conservative treatment. One patient with an abscess occupying great part of the thoracic portion of the oesophagus was subjected to its resection with esophagoplasty which is considered to be the operation of choice in such situations. PMID- 7032043 TI - [Atypical liver resection method and technic using a hemostatic clamp]. PMID- 7032044 TI - Hematology of the normal dog and cat. PMID- 7032045 TI - Hematopoiesis. PMID- 7032046 TI - The leukocytes. AB - Dogs and cats respond to many diseases by changes in leukocyte numbers. Infectious diseases often cause leukocytosis due to neutrophilia. Left shift may accompany the leukocytosis, indicating that the marrow is mounting a response to the disease. Left shift also indicates that the marrow has fallen somewhat behind the needs of the animal. Degenerative left shift is considered a poor sign. Lymphopenia and eosinopenia also are found in infectious diseases. Lymphocytosis may occur during the recovery or if the disease becomes chronic. The nature and duration of the infection determine the magnitude of the monocyte response. It is erroneous to consider a disease chronic based only upon monocytosis. Trauma, autoimmunity, or any disease with significant tissue destruction can evoke a monocyte response. Leukopenias are relatively common in cats and are found with moderate frequency in dogs. Drugs, viral diseases (such as FeLV, feline enteritis, parvovirus), ehrlichiosis, and hereditary conditions may cause panleukopenias or single leukopenias. Occasionally leukocyte examination provides evidence of a specific etiology (such as with ehrlichiosis). Sometimes changes occur which, although not specific for a disease, may provide a strong evidence of a particular disease (such as in salmon poisoning). Leukocyte evaluation should include not only total count and differential count (with calculation of absolute numbers of the different cells) but also morphologic examination of the cells by qualified people. In many practices the only qualified person is the veterinarian. PMID- 7032047 TI - Hypoproliferative anemias and anemias caused by ineffective erythropoiesis. Depression or nonresponsive anemias. PMID- 7032048 TI - Hemostasis and disorders of coagulation. PMID- 7032049 TI - Lymphoproliferative disorders. Lymphocytic leukemia and plasma cell myeloma. PMID- 7032050 TI - Myeloproliferative disorders in dogs and cats. PMID- 7032051 TI - A case of feline mycotic rhinitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. PMID- 7032052 TI - [Pathomorphology of gastroenteritis in newborn calves]. AB - The morphologic changes were studied in the parenchymal and digestive organs of a total of 39 calves with gastroenteritis from which pathogenic Escherichia coli organisms were isolated. A correlation was established between the age of calves and the forms of gastroenteritis manifestation. In 1 to 3-day-old calves 63.6 per cent of the cases presented histologic changes of enteritis, and 36.3 per cent presented the septic form of the disease, while in 4 to 7 day-old calves these forms were presented in equal percent. In 8 to 12-day-old animals septic changes were seen in 71.4 per cent of the cases, and toxic changes-in 28.5 per cent. The same age group showed initial changes typical of catarrhal (28.2 per cent) and interstitial (37.7 per cent) pneumonia. With the advance in age the histologic changes of septicaemia showed a rising trend as against the enterotoxaemic and enterotoxic form. The coli infections in 90 per cent of the investigated cases were accompanied by degenerative changes in the kidneys. In calves with nervous symptoms there were hyperemia, perivascular and pericellular edema and status cribrosus of the brain, and occasionally - lymphocytic and leukocytic infiltrations in the leptomeninges. PMID- 7032053 TI - Replication and plasmid-bacteriophage recombination. I. Marker rescue analysis. PMID- 7032054 TI - The "steady state" of coliphage f1: DNA synthesis late in infection. PMID- 7032055 TI - Proteolytic activation of the influenza virus hemagglutinin: The structure of the cleavage site and the enzymes involved in cleavage. PMID- 7032056 TI - [100-year anniversary of the death of Josef Skoda]. PMID- 7032057 TI - [Epidemiological importance of Yersinia transmission routes and factors in pseudotuberculosis foci]. PMID- 7032058 TI - [30th anniversary of the Central Military Hospital of the Vietnam People's Army]. PMID- 7032059 TI - [Party political work in the evacuation hospitals of Caucasian Mineral Waters]. PMID- 7032060 TI - [In a mobile field hospital]. PMID- 7032061 TI - [High density lipoproteins of the blood plasma and dysalphalipoproteinemia (a review)]. PMID- 7032062 TI - [Isolation and purification of urokinase]. AB - An improved procedure is developed for isolation of urokinase from human urine by means of ion exchange on cyrboxyl cationite SMT at pH 4.7. with subsequent stepwice elution by phosphate buffer, rH7.0. Depigmentation of the urine was achieved by pretreatment with an anionite FAF. Chromatographically pure preparation of urokinase was obtained as shown by gel filtration through Sephadex G-100 and G-150. PMID- 7032063 TI - [Specific binding of 125I-insulin by fat cell plasma membranes in acromegaly]. AB - Insulin receptors from fatty cell cytoplasmatic membranes were studied in 8 patients with acromegalia, who did not exhibit distinct impairments in carbohydrate metabolism. Concentration of insulin receptors was decreased 1.5 fold in the patients as compared with healthy people. However, affinity of free and blocked receptors to insulin as well as the degree of negative cooperativity between them were not distinctly altered. PMID- 7032064 TI - [Use of DNA antibodies for detecting DNA radiation injuries in the bone marrow cell nuclei of irradiated animals]. AB - Impairments in DNA from brain stem cell nuclei of X-ray irradiated animals were studied at early steps after irradiation using antibodies to single-stranded DNA. A possibility was shown to detect by means of an immunochemical technique the irradiation-induced impairments of DNA in brain stem cells. Detection of the impairment was possible within 3 hrs after high doses of the irradiation (206.4 258 mCi/kg); after lower doses - within the first hour of the postirradiation period. The immunochemical procedure might be used for early biological detection of the irradiation impairments as well as for estimation of radio-sensitivity of nuclear cells to the effects of irradiation and radioprotectors. PMID- 7032065 TI - [Isolation, identification and quantitative determination of the ATP synthesized by a preparation of plasma membrane-enriched particles from rat skeletal muscles in the presence of insulin]. AB - ATP was synthesized in presence of insulin or insulin and prostaglandin E2 by rat skeletal muscle particulate preparation enriched in plasmatic membranes. Isolation of the ATP was carried out using column chromatography on Dowex 1 x 8/cl-form, 100--200 mesh). ATP was formed within 1 min in a medium containing Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.5, ADP, Mg2+, inorganic phosphate, NaF during NADH-related oxidation involving cytochrome c and O2 in amounts of 100--300 pmoles per mg of protein. Quantitative estimation of ATP in the lyophilized product was carried out by means of spectrophotometry at 340 nm of NADPH formed during a coupled enzymatic reactions involving hexokinase and glycose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This products identified by descending paper chromatography on Whatman NI in the system containing ethanol-ammonium citrate pH 4.4 and pH 7.5. Identification of ATP was also performed by thin-layer chromatography. The product was tested for content of ribose (orcinol method) and of inorganic phosphate after acid hydrolysis within 7.5 min at 100 degrees. In the product obtained adenine was identified by UV-spectrophotometry at 260 nm. A salt of ATP was synthesized from the product obtained. PMID- 7032066 TI - [Resistance of native and fixed fibrillar proteins of the blood vessel wall to the action of proteases]. AB - Resistance of fibrillar proteins from large arteria wall, fixed with formaldehyde to the effect of various proteases was studied. Fixation of these proteins using 4% formaldehyde within 14 days enabled to increase distinctly their resistance to the effect of specific and unspecific proteases. Separation of glycosaminoglycans resulted in a decrease of collagen structure resistance to influence of collagenase. PMID- 7032067 TI - [Immunological aspects of Resochin test and its use in diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7032069 TI - [Basic therapy of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 7032068 TI - [Pulmonary complications after treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with gold salts]. PMID- 7032070 TI - [Methods of estimation of vitamin D supply in humans]. PMID- 7032071 TI - [Contribution of physicians of Russian navy to the development of hygiene of nutrition in Russia (second half of XIXth century - beginning of XXth century)]. PMID- 7032072 TI - [Pathogenic free-living amoebae - a review]. PMID- 7032073 TI - [Current problems of epidemiology of giardiasis]. PMID- 7032074 TI - [Studies on the epidemiology of Taenia saginata infection and cysticercosis]. PMID- 7032075 TI - [Studies on "self-cure" in helminthiasis with reference to our personal observations]. PMID- 7032076 TI - [Immunological reactions to foreign bodies and harmful agents in various invertebrates]. PMID- 7032077 TI - [Effect of chronic effect of low-concentration insecticides on the developmental stages of helminths]. PMID- 7032078 TI - [Pathomorphology of rat muscle tissue in the course of Trichinella pseudospiralis infection]. PMID- 7032079 TI - [Studies of parasitic flagellata (Trypanosomatidae and Trichomonadidae) by scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 7032080 TI - The influence of some microorganisms on the in vitro multiplication of Histomonas meleagridis. PMID- 7032081 TI - [Selected aspects of the host-parasite relations during invasion and reinvasion of ticks]. PMID- 7032082 TI - [Sanitary and economic significance of black flies (Simuliidae, Diptera) and the current state of research on these insects in poland]. PMID- 7032083 TI - [Arthropods (Siphonaptera, Anoplura, Coleoptera, Acarina) collected from small mammals in Rumania]. PMID- 7032084 TI - [Leeches: haementeria costata (Fr. Muller) and Hirudo medicinalis L. (Hirudinea) in the Kopan lake]. PMID- 7032085 TI - [New sites of Haementeria costata (Fr. Muller) (Hirudinea) in salt-water lakes of the Baltic coast]. PMID- 7032086 TI - [The Viennese physician Ludwig Teleky (1872-1957) and his "History of factory and mine hygiene" (author's transl)]. AB - This article has the intention to show the merits of the Viennese physician Ludwig Teleky (1872-1957). A short introduction characterizes Teleky in the words of Prof. Dr. med. Heinrich Zangger (Zurich), the founder of the "Archiv fur Gewerbepathologie und Gewerbehygiene", as one of the most distinguished representatives of modern industrial medicine. His life-work comprises more than 350 treatises, monographs and papers of his pupils. It was realized--in collaboration with his wife--in practical and theoretical research--at three places: Vienna, Dusseldorf and New York. After the period of Vienna, where Teleky's interest was wide-spread to the whole field of social medicine, it focused (since about 1925) upon the problems of industrial medicine (factories, mining and trade). Finally the author analyzes shortly Teleky's latest book entitled "History of Factory and Mine Hygiene", which was written in New York (published 1950). It is mostly a historical review of the state of industrial reality in Germany, Great Britain and in the U.S.A., seen by a most experienced physician of public and industrial health. It also deals with the development in other countries (France, Italy etc.). PMID- 7032087 TI - [Medical oncology--an occupational and human challenge]. PMID- 7032088 TI - [Diffuse fibrosing alveolitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032089 TI - [Extra-aural effect of noise - a literature review on the current state of knowledge]. PMID- 7032090 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica infections in Hungary - bacteriological, clinical and epidemiologic experiences]. PMID- 7032091 TI - [Hygiene, preventive and accident medicine in the writings of Prof. Johann Heinrich Schulze (1687-1744) from Halle]. PMID- 7032092 TI - ["Soviet Medicine Week" in Berlin (28 November to 2 December 1932)]. PMID- 7032093 TI - [Current views on the concept of toxicology]. PMID- 7032094 TI - [Potable water in the popular medical enlightenment literature of Halle in the early 18th century]. PMID- 7032095 TI - [Pro memoria Alfred Grotjahn (1869-1931)]. PMID- 7032096 TI - [The blood coagulation system in liver diseases with special reference to liver transplantation]. AB - The central function of the liver as place of the formation of the most plasmatic coagulation factors in expressed by coagulation disturbances in severe liver diseases. Apart for intoxications, vitamin-K-deficiency and relatively rare congenital dysproteinoses the synthesis of the coagulation factors is apparently a relatively stable and rapidly recoverable function of the hepatocyte. On the other hand, however, the pathogenetic dominance of the accelerated balance in the sense of a disseminated intravasal coagulation and a secondarily increased fibrinolysis is emphasized for the severe disturbances of haemostasis in hepatopathies. In all kinds of shock, in tumours, inflammations, sepsis and intoxications as well as in portal hypertension of any reason the activation of the coagulation system up to the consumption coagulopathy develops. In the liver transplantation in addition to the operation shock deterioratingly comes the intensive blood contact with the often heavily damaged graft cells, the effectors of the immune system (rejection), the temporary disturbance of the clearance function of the liver RES and the basic disease of the recipient which in most cases disposes to the disseminated intravasal coagulation. The reduction of thrombocytes and coagulation factors extensively transgresses the changes which are to be expected by a weakness of the synthesis during and immediately after the anhepatic phase. For the therapy the demand of rapid removal of the coagulation-activating moments (minimum times of ischaemia, careful anastomoses) and of an adequate substitution with simultaneous prevention of the disseminated intravasal coagulation by heparinisation. PMID- 7032097 TI - Experience with immunological tests in drug-induced hepatitis. AB - Nine patients are reported who developed hepatic injury following the administration of therapeutic agents. The drugs incriminated were prajmalium bitartrate (4 patients), quinidine (3 patients), procainamide and nifedipine (one patient each). In all patients the clinical features indicated an allergic process, which in three cases was substantiated by positive response to reexposure. The detection of immunologic processes in our patients by various in vitro methods supports the assumption that immune mechanisms may be involved in the production of drug-induced hepatic disease and confirm allergy. PMID- 7032098 TI - [Homeostasis of glucose and gastric resection. The influence of the food passage through the duodenum (author's transl)]. AB - In 45 patients there was performed an oral glucose tolerance test after different types of gastric resection (Billroth I, Billroth II, total gastrectomy with a reconstitution with preservation of the food passage through the duodenum, total gastrectomy with exclusion of the duodenum). Additionally some patients with the same type of resection but with different types of stomach disease were investigated. The following results were achieved: 1. An increasingly reduction of the gastric remnant - 60% resection (B I), 75% resection (B II), total gastrectomy - leads after an oral glucose load to increasingly more rapid rise of blood glucose as well as to increasingly higher peak values of blood glucose concentration. 2. In patients with preserved food passage through the duodenum the oral glucose tolerance is significantly better and the secretory capacity of the beta-cells is significantly higher. 3. In spite of the same type of gastric resection patients with different types of stomach disease have as well as different patterns of oral glucose tolerance curve. Patients with Billroth II - gastric resection because of duodenal ulcer have significant more frequently a late postprandial hypoglycemia (without preceding hyperglycemia) than the patients with Billroth II because of ulcer/neoplasma ventriculi. PMID- 7032099 TI - [Early total occlusion of os uteri prevent habitual abortion and premature deliveries (author's transl)]. AB - Repeated late abortions and high-risk, low-chance premature births are among the problems of obstetrics and perinatal medicine still to be solved. It seems that a solution is on its way, through the early total occlusion of the os uteri introduced by us - a solution for at least some of these highly problematic cases. The special advantage of this measure is considered to be the avoidance of an infection ascending to the cervix and to the lower egg-pole resulting in abortion or premature birth. Early total occlusion of the os uteri has been performed on ten women; three have since been delivered of healthy children approximately at term. Six further pregnancies are proceeding normally, five without any phenomena worth reporting, so that further successes can be expected. In one case the external os uteri has become recanalized, and there are premature contractions. In one patient premature delivery occurred after 24/5 weeks of pregnancy with subsequent death of the highly immature newborn post partum. PMID- 7032100 TI - [Endometrial bacteriology in puerperal infections (author's transl)]. AB - From the third to the sixth day postpartum transcervical endometrial swabs were taken from 51 women with the clinical signs of endometritis, like fever over 38 degree C, uterine tenderness and purulent lochia using prereduced anaerobic transport-media. The specimens were cultured aerobically and anaerobically. 27 women had an endometritis following vaginal delivery, 24 following caesarian section. Following vaginal delivery aerobic bacteria were isolated in 85.2% of the cases and anaerobic bacteria in 62.9%, post caesarian section in 75.1% aerobic and in 83.3% anaerobic bacteria. A mixed aerobic/anaerobic infection was found in 48.1% following vaginal delivery and in 58.4% post caesarian section. The aerobes most frequently recovered were Staphylococcus epidermidis, E. coli, Enterocococci and Streptococci, the prevalent anaerobes were the grampositive anaerobic cocci, Peptostreptococcus and Peptococcus, and Bacteroides species. Our results suggest that anaerobic bacterial play an important role in the endometritis post partum and that frequently a polymicrobial aerobic/anaerobic infection is present. Therapeutically, anaerobes should be taken into consideration especially for the treatment of severer infections following caesarian section. In such cases the 5-Nitroimidazoles, such as Metronidazole or antibiotics effective against anaerobes as Clindamycin or Cefoxitin should be administered. PMID- 7032101 TI - [Sensitivity of yeasts against 5 fluorocytosine. Comparison of five methods (author's transl)]. AB - In our study we compared five methods of testing the sensitivity of yeasts against 5 Fluorocytosine. We examined these five methods with regard to their ability for the laboratory routine. We found, in accordance with other authors, the microtiter technique to be the most useful one. In the second part of our study we were able to show, that it is possible to induce in yeasts a secondary resistance to 5 FC in vitro. PMID- 7032102 TI - [Virulence of candida-like fungi, isolated from the urogenital tract (author's transl)]. AB - The virulence of candida-like fungi, isolated from the urogenital tract, was determined (enzymatic techniques, morphology, biologic tests in mice). A good correlation between the results of the various techniques and the clinical signs of the patients was found. PMID- 7032103 TI - [Serological differentiation of Ascaris suum and Toxocara canis infections in pigs (author's transl)]. AB - Groups of eight miniature pigs were infected either with 1,500 embryonated eggs each of Ascaris suum or Toxocara canis or with 1,000 eggs each of both nematodes. Sera were sampled before the infection as well as three and six weeks postinfection and then investigated in the ELISA on microtitre plates against antigens of various developmental stages. When extracts of adult Ascaris and Toxocara worms were used as antigens, distinct reactions were registered both in the infected and in the uninfected control groups. Antigens isolated from either embryonated eggs or larvae of both worms produced distinctly positive reactions with sera of the infected animals, including those pigs with heterologous infections but not with sera from uninfected controls. After saturation with heterologous antigens, the sera showed distinct antibody reactions against homologous antigen extracts and in this way infections with the two nematode species could be serologically differentiated. PMID- 7032104 TI - [The contribution to clinic, pathology and therapy of ossifying fibroma in the long tubular bones (author's transl)]. AB - The ossifying fibroma which rarely localizes itself in the long tubular bones is usually to be found in the face and skull. This contribution involves the therapie of such a case and its follow-up and its also shows you the differential diagnosis of this tumor in contrary to other bone tumors. This work led to the compiling of the publications of the world literature according to DOKDI-Bern and the references to the scientific works being used. PMID- 7032105 TI - [History of hygiene. Continuity and changes of hygienic ideas from antiquity to the 19th century]. PMID- 7032106 TI - [Spatial hearing: location of stationary and moving sources of sound]. PMID- 7032107 TI - [Neurophysiologic mechanisms of unconscious phenomena]. PMID- 7032108 TI - [Oxygen deficit in tissues and their blood supply]. PMID- 7032109 TI - [Process of formation of an anticipatory system for purposeful behavior]. PMID- 7032111 TI - [Guidelines for the evaluation of the therapeutic effects of peripheral vasoactive drugs in arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 7032110 TI - [The surgical treatment of venous injuries]. PMID- 7032112 TI - Some remarks on the complex behaviour of platelet function during and after prostacyclin treatment. PMID- 7032113 TI - [Protection of the myocardium during heart transplantation]. PMID- 7032114 TI - [Heart preservation in a cardiopulmonary preparation: methods, conditions, management]. PMID- 7032115 TI - [Problems of pharmacological protection of the kidneys during transplantation]. PMID- 7032116 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the preparations of different pharmacological groups used for pharmacological protection of the kidneys form ischemic damage]. PMID- 7032117 TI - [Methods of increasing the effectiveness of liver preparation for preservation]. PMID- 7032118 TI - [Immunologic monitoring in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 7032119 TI - [Use of inosine for kidney preservation. Effectiveness and possible mechanisms of action]. PMID- 7032120 TI - [Increasing the effectiveness of planning and coordination of medical research]. PMID- 7032121 TI - [Viktor Aleksandrovich Rakhmanov (on his 80th birthday)]. PMID- 7032122 TI - [Gastrostomy in the newborn - indication, technique, complications (author's transl)]. AB - Performing a gastrostomy is an easy operative procedure. Indications for this procedure include neonates and children with congenital deformities of the oesophagus, dysphagia for different reasons, small bowel atresias, exomphalos and diaphragmatic hernias. The gastrostomy is performed in the left upper abdomen through a small vertical midline incision. Between 1970 and 1979, gastrostomy has been performed in 143 newborns and children. In none of these cases did a serious complication occur. The main advantages are: decompression of the abdomen, improvement of the ventilation and early enteral quantitative feeding. PMID- 7032124 TI - [A life of dentistry (Prof. Dr. Dr. F. Schon)]. PMID- 7032123 TI - [Critique of different methods of prosthesis preparation]. PMID- 7032125 TI - [Technical and constructive aspects of ITI-hollow cylinder implants]. PMID- 7032126 TI - [Psychosomatic therapy of migraine]. PMID- 7032127 TI - [Object loss and creativity - a demonstration based on Ferdinand Hodler's work cycle on Valentine Gode-Darel]. AB - An attempt is made to present Hodler's cyclus of paintings on Valentine Gode Darel against the background of certain considerations on "object deprivation and creativity". The importance of object deprivation for Hodler is explained on the basis of his biography. Against this background it becomes clear that the ultimate question is not why Hodler was able but why he was compelled to paint in the presence of suffering and death. PMID- 7032128 TI - [Immunologic control of patients after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7032129 TI - [Microsurgery in urology]. PMID- 7032130 TI - [The Tubingen endosseous Al1O2 implant (Frialit). Developments after 6 years]. PMID- 7032131 TI - [Single results of follow-up investigations of removable partial dentures after long term use]. PMID- 7032132 TI - [Possibilities of metalloceramic bonding in cast attachment technology]. PMID- 7032134 TI - [Preservation of pulp vitality during the manufacture of fixed dentures]. PMID- 7032133 TI - [Periodontal hygiene aspects in therapy using cast removable partial dentures]. PMID- 7032135 TI - [Practical experiences in manufacturing cast fixed partial dentures]. PMID- 7032136 TI - [Procedures in the preparation of complete and partial dentures with a thermo plastic foil as definitive denture base]. PMID- 7032137 TI - [Melting and casting in the cast model technic]. PMID- 7032138 TI - [Experience with a rational imbedding technic for cast models]. PMID- 7032139 TI - [Work-related postgraduate qualification of dental technicians in specialized prosthetic dentistry and orthodontics for dental technicians in prosthetic and epithetic jaw surgery]. PMID- 7032140 TI - [Care of the difficult duodenal stump in stomach resection according to Billroth I]. PMID- 7032141 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (32)]. PMID- 7032142 TI - Serological evidence for a causative role of non-group A hemolytic streptococci in pharyngitis. AB - Non-group A beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from the throats of 30 adult patients with symptoms of pharyngitis. Grouping by counterimmunoelectrophoresis identified 7 strains belonging to group B, 5 to group C, 8 to group G, 1 to group K; 9 were no groupable. Convalescent sera were available from 17 patients and were assayed for antibody to streptolysin O (AO), deoxyribonuclease B (AB), hyaluronidase (AH), and to the patients' own group of steptococci as well as to group A streptococci by indirect immunofluorescence (IF). Control sera were employed as well. Elevated titres of antibody to the enzymes occurred in 3 (OA), 5 (AB), and none (AH) of the patients' sera. The titre of the patients' antibody (by IF) to their own isolates was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than that to streptococci of group A and that of normal controls to streptococci of similar groups. These data support a causative role for non-group A hemolytic streptococci in human pharyngitis. PMID- 7032143 TI - Measurement of specific multiplication of an oncolytic and a nononcolytic strain of Clostridium butyricum inside the tumour UVT 15264 of the mouse. AB - Clostridium butyricum was recultivated from tumour material after treatment of tumour-bearing mice with spores and counted by soft agar colony technique. The oncolytic strain Cl. butyricum H8 grows inside the tumour UVT 15264 up to 8 X 10(8)/g during 48 h. In this time part of tumour became lysed. Multiplication inside of this tumour by the tumour specific but nononcolytic strain Cl. butyricum CNRZ 528 could not be detected by application counting technique. Combination of spore treatment with antibiotic chemotherapy in dosage able to prevent oncolysis or in dosage to reduce them corresponds with loss of clostridial multiplication or with reduced vegetative multiplication respectively. PMID- 7032144 TI - [Serodiagnosis of syphilis (lues)]. PMID- 7032145 TI - [Investigation of the viability of radioactively labelled bacteria after adsorption on activated charcoal (author's transl)]. AB - A method for radioactive labelling of bacteria is described. [35S]-L-methionine labelled Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli used as model microorganisms were adsorbed onto the surface of acrylhydrogel coated charcoal. On the average 33% of S. aureus and 10% of E. coli supplied were bound. In both cases most of the pathogens (75-90%) could be desorbed by intensive washing, but about 3% of the bacteria provided remained fixed to the surface of the charcoal. Of these remaining bacteria 50% (in the case of S. aureus) or 1% (in the case of E. coli) could be detected in subsequent cultures. These experiments demonstrate that a modified technique of haemoperfusion may be useful in the diagnosis of septicaemia. Haemoperfusion charcoal in an extracorporal circulation of a patient serves as a matrix for adsorption of microorganisms from the circulating blood. This leads to an "in vivo" enrichment of circulating pathogens which may be cultured, identified and their antibiotic sensitivity tested in the usual manner. Thus, this procedure may provide a new diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of septicaemia (9). PMID- 7032146 TI - Simple method for isolation and presumptive identification of Clostridium difficile. AB - Clostridium difficile can be isolated from stools and presumptively identified by inoculating the stools onto CCCBA and the culture looked at under ultra violet light where the golden-yellow fluorescent colonies show up against a dark background. The colonies are then identified by testing them using the API ZYM system and the results further confirmed by testing the culture for toxin production using the tissue culture technique employing Cl. sordellii antitoxin. PMID- 7032147 TI - In situ microfluorometry of whole kinetoplast and nuclear DNA in a single cell of Trypanosoma gambiense and Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - In situ microfluorometry of whole kinetoplast DNA (K-DNA) and nuclear DNA (N-DNA) from a single trypomastigote cell of Trypanosoma gambiense (strain Wellcome) and Trypanosoma cruzi (strain Tulahuen) was attempted by using the microfluorometer combined with a photon counter. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The K-DNA value of 2K 1N (2 kinetoplasts and 1 nucleus) T. gambiense was about twofold as much as that of 1K 1N on. 2. The N-DNA value of 2K 1N T. gambiense was a little less than two times as much as that of 1K 1N T. gambiense, showing that the N-DNA had already bee increased nearly twofold before the nuclear division was initiated. 3. The K-DNA value of 1K 1N T. cruzi was about fivefold as much as that of 1K 1N T. gambiense. The N-DNA value was contrarily lower than that of T. gambiense, being approximately 70% of the latter. 4. Percent K-DNA/N-DNA value was, in average, about 7 in either 1K 1N or 2K 1N T. gambiense and about 50 in T. cruzi. 5. Percent K-DNA/N-DNA value in individual trypomastigote cell was variable, showing that the increase of K-DNA and N-DNA was not synchronized at least in the two species of trypanosomes used here. 6. The fact that K-DNA and N DNA values varied from cell to cell although they do not divide, suggested the possibility of DNA increase in the trypomastigote of T. cruzi. PMID- 7032148 TI - Primary and secondary skin leishmaniasis in experimental rodent hosts. AB - Pathological observations are described from experimental infections of Syrian hamsters, nude mice and bank voles with different Leishmania strains isolated from travellers returning to Germany from endemic areas. The main purpose of the paper was to demonstrate the changing patterns of parasite predilection sites within appropriate experimental animals. Despite the occasionally-occurring episodes of altered predilection sites the principal organotropic behaviour of given Leishmania strain was remarkably constant in in vivo passages. Here a genetic background seems evident which justified a legal use of such host related properties in taxonomic considerations. It was noted that humans appear to be poor indicators of the micro-ecological abilities of Leishmania spp. PMID- 7032149 TI - Further light microscopic studies on morphology and development of Pneumocystis carinii. AB - In order to add more advance in light microscopic investigation of P. carinii, phase contrast microscopy partly followed by wet giemsa stain and semiultrathin section of the lungs embedded in JB-4 plastic were studied. In phase contrast microscopy, small and large sized trophozoites of P. carinii were clearly recognized. Although movement of trophozoite was not found, rhythmic movement of intracystic bodies with filopodia was often seen in mature cyst. Those living organisms were then directly stained with Giemsa by infiltrating under the coverglass. Thus the organism could be investigated both in unstained and stained conditions. It is noticed with interest that 8 intracystic bodies seem to fill up the cavity of cyst when cell division is completed, then they liberate and become independent into spherical bodies, followed by banana-shaped or amoeboid forms with motility. An emphasis was done that semiultrathin section made from JB-4 plastic embedded lungs was quite useful for investigation of P. carinii infection. Several sizes of mononuclear thin-walked trophozoites, mature and immature cysts, and empty cysts were more clearly distinguished than any other light microscopical method ever reported. PMID- 7032150 TI - Fibrin-degradation products in falciparum malaria. AB - A fatal female case of cerebral falciparum malaria who was accidentally, artificially and directly infected in Japan through nursing an imported falciparum malaria was experienced. These observations raised a question as to whether the disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) would occur in falciparum malaria. Then, 84 Congolese patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria were studied on the coagulation. Serum fibrin-degradation products (FDP) levels were only slightly raised (10-40 microgram/ml) in 4 cases out of 84 (5%). Thrombocytopenia, elongation of prothrombin time and low fibrinogen concentration were found in 24 out of 57 (42%), in 11 out of 47 (23%) and in 11 out of 46 (24%), respectively. Relations between FDP level and the other observations were not significant. It is suggested that there is no evidence of intravascular coagulation at least in uncomplicated falciparum malaria. PMID- 7032151 TI - O and H serotypes of Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections. AB - Escherichia coli strains isolated from Christchurch women with symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria were serotyped for both their "O" and "H" antigens with a complete set of antisera. Although the "O" types found in this survey conformed in general with the prevalence of "O" types observed in other parts of the world some differences were also noted. The serotypes associated with symptomatic infection showed differences with those from asymptomatic patients. PMID- 7032152 TI - The lipopolysaccharide of escherichia coli C- studies on the anomeric configurations of the hexoses in the R1 core. AB - Lipopolysaccharide from E, coli C as well as lipopolysaccharides from submutants of E. coli with incomplete core structures in their lipopolysaccharides were isolated and quantitatively analyzed. Core oligosaccharides were isolated from lipopolysaccharides by acetic acid degradation and were purified by gel chromatography. The difference in molecular rotations of the core oligosaccharides from E. coli C and 6 submutants thereof with incomplete core structure were correlated to the differences in sugar compositions. The anomeric configurations have been deducted from the high or low contribution of each individual sugar to the molecular rotation of the core oligosaccharide from E. coli C. The primary structure of the hexose region of the lipopolysaccharide from E. coli C is primary structure of the hexose region of the lipopolysaccharide from E. coli C is, see formula in text. The anomeric configurations of glucoses I, II, and III were confirmed by precipitation reactions of alkali treated lipopolysaccharides from E. coli C, C23. 1, and C21 with Concanavalin A. The alpha-anomeric configurations of both the galactoses were confirmed by degradation studies with alpha-galactosidase (E.C.3.2.1.22) from green coffee beans with the isolated and purified core oligosaccharide from E. coli C71. PMID- 7032153 TI - [Comparison of two enrichment methods and five selective media for the isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from tonsils of slaughter pigs (author's transl)]. AB - 115 tonsils of healthy slaughter pigs were culturally examined for presence of Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica. For this purpose each sample was enriched both in phosphate buffered saline solution (pH 7.6; stored at 4 degrees C and plated every week, thrice all together) and modified Rappaport broth (plated after an incubation of two days at 22 degrees C). Each such enrichment was plated on 5 different selective media: Yersinia selective agar proposed by Wauters (1973), deoxycholate-citrate-mannitol agar (Saari and Jansen, 1979), pectin agar (Bowen and Kominos), MacConkey and Leifson agar as used in the routine, diagnostic of Enterobacteriaceae. Each agar plate was incubated at 28 degrees C for two days. By cold enrichment method were isolated 11 strains of human pathogenic Y. enterocolitica (9 X O-group I syn. serotype O:3; 2X O-group V syn. serotype O:9). With the modified Rappaport medium were recovered 33 strains (24X O-group I, 9 X O O-group V). The most recoveries were done over the Yersinia selective agar with 65.2%, then followed deoxycholate-citrate-mannitol agar with 57.6%, Leifson agar with 45.5%, MacConkey agar with 42.3% and pectin agar only with 18.2% of the isolations. Not only the type of enrichment medium has a marked effect in the recovery efficiency of Y. enterocolitica out of samples but also number and type of the used selective media on which the enrichment is plated. PMID- 7032154 TI - Human serum bactericidal activity against Serratia marcescens: failure of human, "natural," specific anti-O IgG antibodies to enhance serum bactericidal activity. AB - A commercial, low pH-derived, intravenously applicable human IgG immunoglobulin preparation (Sandoglobulin) revealed O-agglutinin activity against 16 of the 21 O antigens of Serratia marcescens, although at low titers; this IgG preparation lacked H-immobilizing antibodies against this microorganism. The bactericidal activity of 65 vol% of normal, fresh human serum was neither enhanced nor significantly antagonized following addition of 25 vol% of undiluted or 1:4 diluted. Sandoglobulin, as determined with test strains of S. marcescens that represented various human serum susceptibility categories. This indifferent effect was obtained despite documented O-agglutinin activity directed against several of the assay strains. It was concluded tentatively, that human, "natural" anti- S. marcescens IgG antibodies failed to augment human serum bactericidal activity in vitro against this opportunistic-pathogenic microorganism. PMID- 7032155 TI - [Microbiological diagnosis of upper respiratory tract, ear and eye infections]. PMID- 7032156 TI - Phagocytosis of Serratia marcescens by leukocytes of fresh defibrinated human blood: failure of "natural" human specific anti-O IgG antibodies to enhance phagocytosis. AB - Defibrination of fresh, peripheral, venous blood from three human adult volunteers resulted in the removal of from 1/5 to 1/2 of leukocytes, as compared with EDTA-anticoagulated aliquots from identical blood samples. However, differential white blood cell proportions were altered only marginally. Bacterial inocula (approximately 1.5 X 10(4) bacteria/ml at 0 time) of selected assay strains of Serratia marcescens were killed by 65 vol% of fresh, defibrinated human blood to the extent of greater than or equal to 97% within 2 hours after exposure, regardless of serum susceptibility or -resistance of the test strains. The addition of 25 vol% of either undiluted or 1:2 diluted commercially available, intravenously applicable, human IgG immunoglobulin preparations. (Gamma-Venin, Sandoglobulin) ot 65 vol% of fresh, defibrinated blood from all three human volunteers failed to enhance combined phagocytic and serum bactericidal activity against all assay strains of S. marcescens examined, despite documented O-agglutinin activity of the IgG immunoglobulin preparations against the majority of the test strains. It was concluded tentatively that "natural" human specific anti-O IgG antibodies failed to enhance phagocytosis in this in vitro system. PMID- 7032157 TI - [Experience from use of ultrasound B-scanning for exploratory examination of pelvis minor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032158 TI - [Methods of students' testing in epidemiology]. PMID- 7032159 TI - [Biological properties of synthetic glycopeptides stimulating immunogenesis and nonspecific resistance]. PMID- 7032160 TI - [Fusion of protoplasts in Escherichia coli]. PMID- 7032161 TI - [Mechanism of adhesion of Shigella to the intestinal mucosa]. PMID- 7032162 TI - [Comparative study of the fraction composition of the enzymatic and acid blood hydrolysates used for microbiological media]. PMID- 7032163 TI - [Headaches of vascular origin in children (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7032164 TI - [Risk of neuro-psychological disorders complicating pre- and perinatal pathology (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7032165 TI - [Creative career of Professor E. L. Venderovich (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7032166 TI - [In memory of Konstantin Nikolaevich Monakov (1853-1930)]. PMID- 7032167 TI - [Stereotaxic biopsy of brain tumor using computer tomography]. AB - The work discusses the results of the clinical application of a modified method of stereotaxic biopsy of deeply located brain gliomas according to the results of computer tomography. In some patients with gliomas of subcortical localization stereotaxic biopsy was combined with cryodestruction of the tumour. The method makes it possible to extend the possibilities for precise diagnosis of deeply located three-dimensional processes in the brain, to clearly define the limits of their operability and to cause an effect on them by means of the cryosurgical method. PMID- 7032169 TI - Localization of hexokinase in mitochondria from rabbit reticulocytes and its relation to mitochondrial ATP-formation studied by measurement of 32P-fluxes. AB - The submitochondrial distribution of hexokinase was studied by repeated specific solubilizations and by tryptic digestion of isolated rabbit reticulocyte mitochondria. Whereas most of the enzyme is dissociably bound to the outer side of outer mitochondrial membrane, a small tightly bound portion is localized more internally. Electrophoretic separations did not reveal a specific isoenzyme pattern of the internal mitochondrial enzyme. Relationships between mitochondrial hexokinases and the intramitochondrial ATP pool, generated by oxidative phosphorylation, were studied by measuring 32P-fluxes following gamma-32P-ATP pulses on phosphorylating and non-phosphorylating mitochondria. Under both conditions, the specific activities in deoxyglucose-6-phosphate correspond closely to that of total gamma-ATP, thus not supporting a preferential use of intramitochondrial generated ATP by part of the mitochondrial hexokinases. PMID- 7032168 TI - [Anterior cerebral commissure as a stereotaxic reference point (morphologic study)]. AB - The individual variability of the anterior commissure in shape, transverse section, size and extent of protrusion into the third ventricle was studied on 136 specimens of the human brain. Its center was localized 3.1 mm below and 2.8 mm to the front of the lower margin of Monro's foramen. The localization of the center of the anterior commissure on the ventriculograms may be exactly determined from the length of the "upper margin of Monro's foramen--posterior commissure" distance and the given angles. PMID- 7032170 TI - 2,3-Biphosphoglycerate, inorganic phosphate, pH and hemoglobin concentration in chronic renal failure of man. AB - In a group of 69 patients with chronic renal failure, 18 patients after renal transplantation and 8 healthy controls the influence of inorganic phosphate and pH of plasma and of the hemoglobin concentration in whole blood on the 2,3-DPG concentration in red blood cells was investigated. The data were treated by linear regression analysis as well as by multivalent correlation analysis with graph-theoretical methods. Hemoglobin and inorganic phosphate are the factors of renal importance for the 2,3-DPG concentration. The pH affects 2,3-DPG directly (positively) and indirectly via inorganic phosphate (negatively). Therefore, the influence of pH on 2,3-DPG usually observed is abolished in this group of patients. Determinations of inorganic phosphate and hemoglobin seem to be valuable for the diagnosis of the 2,3-DPG-dependent oxygen transport function during chronic renal failure. All the parameters studied were found to be normalized in the group of patients after renal transplantation. PMID- 7032171 TI - The effect of DNP-coupling and IgA binding to Salmonella typhimurium 395 MS on physicochemical surface properties and interaction with phagocytes. PMID- 7032172 TI - Comparison of periplasmic and membrane associated beta-lactamase. AB - Beta-lactamase encoded by a plasmid pBR 322 was produced during the active growth phases of Escherichia coli IA 199. The maximal specific activity was about 15 times higher in shock fluid than in the cells disrupted by sonic disintegration. beta-Lactamase activity found in the membrane preparations increased gradually parallel to the cell growth. The amount of beta-lactamase in the membrane fraction, however, was only 0.2-0.4% of that found in shock fluid. beta-Lactamase was purified to homogeneity from shock fluid by a one-step procedure in a DEAE Sepharose column. Most of the beta-lactamase activity present in the membrane fraction was released by salt extraction. beta-Lactamase solubilized treatment after salt extractions had the same molecular weight and immunological properties as beta-lactamase purified from the periplasmic space. Membrane associated beta lactamase did not contain any covalently linked phospholipid. PMID- 7032173 TI - Ketosis and nitrogen excretion in undernourished surgical patients. PMID- 7032174 TI - Nutritional implications of artificial liver support systems in fulminant hepatic failure. PMID- 7032175 TI - Quantification of monoclonal immunoglobulins by immunochemical and densitometric techniques. PMID- 7032176 TI - In memoriam: Abraham Edward Rakoff, 1913-1981. PMID- 7032177 TI - [Blood platelet proteases and their role in platelet protein degradation and platelet coagulation factor inactivation]. PMID- 7032178 TI - [Role of the spleen in the physiology and pathology of the thrombopoietic system and the effect of splenectomy on thrombocytokinetics]. PMID- 7032179 TI - [At the end of a medical career]. PMID- 7032180 TI - [Bone marrow grafts and acute leukemia]. PMID- 7032181 TI - [Relation between food and types of development]. PMID- 7032182 TI - Ventilation-perfusion distribution during inhalation anaesthesia. Effects of spontaneous breathing, mechanical ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure. AB - Ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) ratios were studied by means of an inert gas elimination technique in healthy subjects with an average age of 51 years in the supine posture (a) when awake, (b) during inhalational anaesthesia, spontaneously breathing, (c) during mechanical ventilation, and (d) when a positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was applied. In the awake subject a bimodal distribution of VA/Q was recovered in most patients, one mode centered around the ratio of 1 and another, smaller mode, within low VA/Q-regions. Any shunt was less than 3% of cardiac output. With anaesthesia and spontaneous breathing, the low VA/Q mode was reduced and the shunt increased to an average of 6.2%. With mechanical ventilation, the major VA/Q mode was widened while the shunt was further increased in 4 of 10 subjects (mean 8.6%). With PEEP, the shunt was reduced and a new mode within high VA/Q-regions appeared. The shunt and low VA/Q regions appeared. The shunt and low VA/Q-regions may be explained in terms of airway closure while the high VA/Q mode with PEEP may be attributed to the development of a zone I. PMID- 7032183 TI - Propranolol and femoxetine, a HT-uptake inhibitor, in migraine prophylaxis. A double-blind crossover study. AB - The prophylactic effect of the 5-HT uptake inhibitor femoxetine was compared with propranolol (Frekven R) in a double-blind crossover trial of 6 months duration. Forty-nine patients commenced the trial. Twelve patients withdrew because of drug failure or failure to attend checkups (6), side effects (4) or other non-drug related causes (2). In the 37 patients who completed the trial there was no significant difference between propranolol 160 mg and femoxetine 400 mg with respect to the number of headache days or the number of migraine attacks during the last 2 months of each treatment, Propranolol, however, was superior to femoxetine when the headache index was used (P less than 0.05). The study has shown that partial depletion of thrombocyte 5-HT by a 5-HT uptake inhibitor does not lead to a marked improvement in all patients contrary to what might be expected from the 5-HT hypothesis of migraine. Nevertheless, due to the infrequent subjective side effects associated with femoxetine treatment it may be a valuable prophylactic drug to a subgroup of migraine patients. PMID- 7032184 TI - Timolol and metoprolol. A diurnal study of the ocular and systemic effects in glaucoma patients. AB - A comparison of the diurnal effects of timolol 0.5% and metoprolol 3.0% eye drops on the intraocular pressure, blood pressure and heart rate in 10 glaucoma patients was performed in a double-masked cross-over study. Both agents produced a significant ocular hypotensive effect for more than 12 h. Timolol appeared to be more potent after 4 and 7 h. No significant difference in hypotensive action was present between timolol and metoprolol 1, 12 and 24 h after treatment. The mean arterial pressure was significantly lowered after 1 and 4 h with timolol and after 1 h during metoprolol therapy. Both agents reduced the heart rate after 1 h. Measurements of plasma concentration of ocular applied timolol and metoprolol showed in 4 patients levels of plasma timolol high enough to induce minimal systemic beta-blockade. PMID- 7032185 TI - Soft contact lens keratitis associated with Serratia marcescens. PMID- 7032186 TI - Fresh and cultured corneal grafts compared by post-operative thickness and endothelial cell density. AB - Thirty-nine corneas were removed within 6 h post mortem and stored in a moist chamber at 4 degrees C before grafting. The mean donor age was 33 years and the average time between death and grafting was 11 h. Thirty cadaver corneas were selected after trypane blue staining and cultured at 31 degrees C for 24 h before grafting. The mean donor age was 61 years and the mean time between death and culture was 18 h. During the first 10 postoperative days fresh grafts were thinner than cultured grafts. One year after the transplantation the two groups did not differ significantly in regard to the clinical result, corneal thickness, or endothelial cell loss. This indicates that corneas from old donors with extended post mortem time can be used for transplantation after individual evaluation and corneal culture. PMID- 7032187 TI - Osteonecrosis and spontaneous fractures following renal transplantation. A longitudinal study of radiological bone changes and metacarpal bone mass. AB - Seventy-seven renal transplant (RT) recipients were studied radiologically with regard to bone lesions and metacarpal bone mass, at the time of and after renal transplantation. An increased incidence of rarefaction of the spine, a reduced metacarpal bone mass and an increased frequency of subperiosteal erosions were found at the time of transplantation in RT patients who subsequently developed osteonecrosis or spontaneous fractures as compared with RT patients who did not develop these bone complications. During the years after RT an increase in rarefaction of the spine, in subperiosteal erosions, in soft tissue calcifications and a decrease in metacarpal bone mass were found in all patient groups. PMID- 7032188 TI - [Place of primary nerve repair using epiperineural sutures. Apropos of 22 cases of median nerve injuries]. PMID- 7032189 TI - Malignant hypertension in a child with hemolytic-uremic syndrome treated with captopril. AB - A 5-year-old boy is presented suffering from malignant hypertension due to hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Captopril, an oral angiotensin-1-converting enzyme inhibitor, was able to curb the natural course of the malignant hypertension. Haemodialysis could be discontinued after 2 months. The glomerular filtration rate recovered to 63 ml/min/1.73 m2 11 months after the acute phase. PMID- 7032190 TI - Cultural changes and psychopathology in children: with special reference to infantile autism. PMID- 7032191 TI - Some further comments on empathy. PMID- 7032192 TI - The diagnosis of child arsonists. PMID- 7032193 TI - [Certain aspects of language in cerebral palsy patients. Acquisition of "right side up", "upside down" and their opposite spatial position markers]. PMID- 7032194 TI - [Psychopathology of development during the formative years: case report]. PMID- 7032195 TI - Neuropathology of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Japan. With special reference to the panencephalopathic type. AB - Neuropathology of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), particularly of the panencephalopathic type and its additional findings, was described. The panencephalopathic type of CJD was characterized by extensive degeneration of the cerebral white matter which is diffuse in the deep and circumscribed and spongy in the digital white matter. This white matter lesion could not be explained simply as secondary to cortical deterioration. Most cases of the panencephalopathic type disclosed involvement of anatomically-interrelated systems in various combinations (inferior olivary nucleus-pontine nucleus cerebellar cortex, globus pallidus - subthalamus - substantia nigra, optic tract lateral geniculate body - optic radiation, and primary thalamic degeneration). These associated findings which could be paralleled as those of combined multisystemic degenerations have been found not only in the panencephalopathic type but also in other subtypes of CJD including Japanese cases of spongiform encephalopathy with multiple kuru plaques. They cannot be considered as coincidental to CJD. PMID- 7032196 TI - Experimental transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AB - Tissues taken from 10 patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) were inoculated to many species of small rodents and primates. Successful transmission was done from 9 patients with a varied incidence after different incubation periods. After the second passage, the incidence became high and incubation periods were reduced approximately to four months in mice. Squirrel monkeys needed the longest incubation period in our experiments. Intracerebral inoculation was the fastest route of transmission followed by other parenteral and oral routes. Spongiform change and gliosis in the CNS were common pathological changes, though their distribution was peculiar to each animal species. The distribution in mice differed with each inoculated material taken from the patients, suggesting the multiplicity of CJD agents. Unconventional properties of the causative agent disclosed through this animal model were discussed. PMID- 7032197 TI - Experimental transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease to guinea pigs. AB - Brain material used in this experiment was from a 47-year-old woman autopsied 5 hours after death. The brain was markedly atrophic weighing 750 g. Histopathologically, a spongy state was extensive from cortex to medulla with fibrous astrocytosis and neuronal loss. This brain tissue was aseptically removed at autopsy and a 20% emulsion was prepared. Intracranially 0.1 ml and intraperitoneally 0.2 ml of the emulsion were inoculated into each guinea pig. Five and three of them were killed 10 and 22 months later, respectively, nevertheless showing no clinical signs. The brains from these guinea pigs did not reveal any changes as seen in the human autopsy brain both macroscopically and microscopically. However, all the brains indicated ultrastructural changes characterized by vacuolation with curled membranes in dendrites and free membranes with cellular debris in extracellular space. These changes were not found in guinea pigs inoculated with material from normal guinea pig brain or uninoculated guinea pigs, but similar to those observed in the human autopsy brain used as inoculum. Therefore, it could be considered that Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease was transmitted from man to guinea pig to present an early stage of the lesion. Several organs were observed ultrastructurally after whole bleeding in monkeys. Curled membranes were generated only on the vacuoles of dendrite from 2 1/2 hours after bleeding and not in those of other organs. This may explain at least a part of the pathogenesis of spongiform changes restricted in the central nervous system. PMID- 7032198 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of type I, III and IV (basement membrane) collagens in the liver. AB - The tissue distribution of type I, III and IV (basement membrane) collagens in normal human and bovine livers was examined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, by using type-specific rabbit antibodies to individual types of bovine collagen. Type I and III collagens were found to distribute in the interstitium of portal tracts as thick fiber bundles and in perisinusoidal spaces as thin fibers like reticulin fibers, both in human and bovine livers. No significant distribution differences of type I and III collagens in the livers was observed under the experimental conditions employed, indicating that both collagens are involved in in vivo collagen, fibrillogenesis in the tissue, regardless of the sizes of collagen fibers, as in the skin (Conn. Tiss. Res. 7: 157-163, 1980). Type IV collagen, when examined with bovine liver, was located in hepatic arteries, portal veins and bile ducts of portal tracts, and was also distributed in the perisinusoidal spaces in a linear fasion. PMID- 7032199 TI - Immuno-cyto-chemical staining of mid-gut carcinoid tumours with sequence-specific gastrin antisera. AB - Twenty typical mid-gut carcinoid tumours were examined for the presence of gastrin immuno-reactivity to antisera specific to the C-terminal pentapeptide or to the mid-portion of gastrin-17. Pentagastrin immuno-reactivity was found in seven cases, and in one of these reactivity to antiserum against the mid-portion of gastrin-17 was also observed. The results are in accordance with the previous observation that argyrophil tumour cells are present in mid-gut carcinoid tumours and may explain why peptic ulcer disease is sometimes seen in association with the carcinoid syndrome. PMID- 7032200 TI - Identification of low levels of heat labile enterotoxin in Escherichia coli from children with diarrhoea. AB - Out of 40 children with gastroenteritis and massive growth of E. coli in faeces, 7 yielded growth of E. coli strains producing heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), as identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using anticholera toxin coated plates or ganglioside coated plates. The toxin production in vitro was low, and decreased upon subculturing for 3 months in the laboratory. Only two of the strains were identified as LT-positive by the YI adrenal cell test. In addition, an LT-producing strain was isolated from an adult who had recently returned from Jordan. Sonication of the strains after subculturing released cell bound LT. The clinical importance of such low toxin producing E. coli strains is not known. PMID- 7032201 TI - The Ibc protein fraction of group B streptococci: characterization of protein antigens extracted by HCL. AB - The Ibc protein fraction of group B streptococci was prepared by HCL extraction of the type Ic strains A909 and 335. The fraction from strain A909 contained two protein antigens (alpha A 909 and beta A909) that could be separated by ion exchange chromatography and isoelectric focusing. The 335 extract contained the alpha (alpha 335)-but not the beta antigen. The alpha 335 antigen was purified by similar procedures. The beta A909 antigen had a molecular weight of several hundred thousands, was immunogenic in rabbits and dissociated into several polypeptides on SDS-PAGE. Polypeptides with sub-unit molecular weights corresponding to 70,000 daltons showed antigenic activity. The alpha 335 antigen had a molecular weight of approximately 75,000 daltons as judged from gel filtration and SDS-PAGE. The antigen was immunogenic in rabbits. In contrast, the alpha A909 antigen showed neither protein lines on SDS-PAGE, nor immunogenicity in rabbits. However, the two alpha antigens showed serological crossreactivity in tests with the anti-alpha 335 serum. PMID- 7032202 TI - Rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection by immunofluorescence: a simplified procedure for the preparation of nasopharyngeal suction specimens. AB - A preliminary report on a simplified procedure for the preparation of nasopharyngeal suction specimens making direct smears of aspirated material is presented. The smears were examined by the indirect immunofluorescence (IF) technique for the presence of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus antigens. Specimens form 99 children with acute respiratory tract illnesses were collected during the winter season 1978-79, and RS virus was identified in samples from 45 of these patients. Serological investigations run in parallel showed fairly good correlation with the IF examinations of the smears. This simplified procedure for the preparation of nasopharyngeal suction specimens may be recommended when the conventional preparation cannot readily be performed. PMID- 7032203 TI - Occurrence and specificity of antibodies against group-specific polysaccharides in beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections. AB - We studied the possibility of detecting beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections by determining antibodies against the group specific polysaccharides from streptococci of groups A, A-variant, C and G. The methods used were radio immunoassay with these four polysaccharides and hemagglutination of group A polysaccharide sensitized erythrocytes. Significant increases in these antibodies were rare in tonsillitis patients, whereas high concentrations of antibodies could often be observed in association with severe systemic infections or rheumatic fever. Both strictly immunogen-restricted and crossreactive antibodies could be demonstrated by isoelectric focusing and inhibition of antigen-binding. Although previously considered nonexistent, group specific carbohydrate antibodies of IgM class could also be demonstrated. PMID- 7032204 TI - Class of serum antibodies towards Salmonella enteritidis in gastro-enteritis, as measured by mixed reverse passive antiglobulin haemagglutination (MRPAH). AB - Sera taken from a well-mapped epidemic of Salmonella enteritidis gastro-enteritis among school children and teachers have been tested for antibodies of the IgG, IgM and IgA classes by MRPAH (mixed reverse passive antiglobulin haemagglutination) and for IgG and IgM classes by ELISA. When suitable threshold titres were chosen all sera taken up to 10 days after infection were negative by MRPAH, whereas all samples but one taken between day 16 and 48 showed the presence of antibodies of each three immunoglobulin classes. IgG antibody titres often remained elevated one year after infection whereas IgM and particularly IgA antibodies returned to negative. Up to the 28th day the IgG antibody titre showed a logarithmic increase with time, whereas no simple relationship was observed for the IgM and IgA antibody responses. Estimation of the regression equations for the titres measured by ELISA and MRPAH shows agreement between the two methods. PMID- 7032205 TI - Screening for deficiencies in the classical and alternative pathways of complement by hemolysis in gel. AB - Two assays based on hemolysis in gel were assessed for screening complement (C) component deficiencies. In one assay sensitized sheep erythrocyte (EA) were incorporated in agarose gel containing Ca2+ and Mg2+, in the other guinea pig erythrocytes (GpE) were used in the presence of Mg2+and EGTA. With few exceptions, fresh samples from healthy individuals produced homogeneous areas of complete hemolysis in both assays. Clearly aberrant patterns were observed in approximately 4% of healthy blood donors. Sera from patients having complete deficiencies of Clq, C2 or C4 produced clear lysis of GpE only, whereas in sera lacking C3 or C8 lysis was grossly impaired in both assays. Properdin deficient serum produced very slight lysis of GpE but normal lysis of EA. Reconstitution of these C-deficient sera gave normal lysis. Together, the two assays supplement immunochemical C3 and C4 determinations for screening out C disorders. PMID- 7032206 TI - A modified leukocyte migration under agarose technique (LMAT). Technical aspects. AB - Variables influencing the cell environment were investigated and found to have a profound influence on polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration and chemotaxis, using the LMAT (leukocyte migration under agarose technique) as the test system. Temperature, pH, gas mixtures, time allowed for migration and storage of leukocyte suspensions were all found to be critical factors for the migration response. The presence of divalent cations and protein in the leukocyte suspension were found as well to be essential for cell migration. the influence of different chemo-attractants on cell migration in the LMAT was investigated, and a previously unreported limitation regarding the use of serum was delineated. Serum was found to behave satisfactorily as a chemotactic factor only in freshly made agar matrices, a consequence most probably due to the development of anti complementary activity in agar. The technical factors influencing the modified LMAT and problems concerned with the test variables are discussed. PMID- 7032207 TI - IgG F(ab')2 of rabbit anti-M sera but not the unfractionated sera are bactericidal for some group A streptococci with IgG Fc-receptor activity. Opsonic effect ascribable to anti-IgG. AB - We have earlier reported on a group A streptococcal strain, type M12, which upon serial mouse passage acquired IgG Fc-receptor activity but lost the M-antigen. The passaged strain, 12P, was highly virulent for mice and grew well in normal human blood. The present study particularly concerns the opsonic effect on 12P of rabbit anti-M3, anti-M12 and anti-12P sera, as well as the corresponding IgG F(ab')2. Indirect bactericidal tests showed that the homologous anti-12P seum and IgG F(ab')2 were opsonic. The anti-M3 and anti-M12 had no effect on 12P; surprisingly, however, IgG F(ab')2 isolated from these sera displayed a clearcut opsonic activity. Data are presented which indicate that these "paradoxical" results can be explained by the binding of IgG F(ab')2 with anti-IgG specificity to human IgG, linked to the streptococcal surface through Fc-receptors. Only anti 12P serum, or IgG F(ab')2, were protective for mice on challenge with strain 12P. PMID- 7032208 TI - Some characteristics of immunofluorescence tests for antibodies against gluten, using wheat grain sections or gliadin coated sepharose beads. AB - Antibodies against gluten and gliadin were determined by the indirect immunofluorescence technique, using frozen wheat grain sections or gliadin-coated Sepharose beads. The methodological characteristics and diagnostic usefulness of the two techniques were evaluated. The reproducibility of both was improved by introducing a fluorometric reading-off procedure. Antibody quantitations were preferably performed as end-point titrations. The two techniques had different dose-response relationships. The grain section technique was more discriminative for small variations in antibody concentration than the bead technique. The latter was, however, more reproducible. Besides antibodies against gliadin, a number of patients with gluten enteropathy had antibodies against the main septa of wheat grains. Fluorescence intensity was preferably expressed in multiples of background intensity. A reaction was visually perceived when the fluorometrically measured fluorescence intensity reached 2.5 times the background intensity. Using this value as the limit for positive reactions, antibodies were demonstrated in 81% of the cases with verified gluten intolerance, compared with 28% in cases with other intestinal allergies and 8% in normals. The diagnostic specificity of both the grain section and Sepharose bead technique for gluten enteropathy increased with increasing antibody concentration and was apparently 100% when the fluorescence intensity produced by a 1/10 serum dilution reached a value 7 to 8 times that of the background. Antibodies against reticulin were demonstrated in 1/4 of the cases having anti-gluten antibodies but in none of those with non gluten-induced gastro-intestinal symptoms. Antibodies of the IgG class against cow's milk were demonstrated more often and in higher titre in cases with anti gluten antibodies than in those without them. PMID- 7032209 TI - Secretory effects of cholecystokinins on the isolated perfused porcine pancreas. AB - Three different molecular forms of cholecystokinin (CCK-39, -33, and -8) were used in concentrations from 10(-11) to 19(-8) mol/l to stimulate the endocrine and exocrine secretion from the isolated perfused porcine pancreas. During perfusion with a glucose concentration of 7.5 mmol/l CCK-39 in the highest concentration increased the insulin secretion slightly. No significant effect was observed at lower glucose concentrations (5.0 and 3.5 mmol/l). CCK-33 and -8 did not stimulate the secretion of insulin significantly, and neither of the cholecystokinins increased the secretion of glucagon and bicarbonate. All three molecular forms stimulated the secretion of fluid and protein in concentrations above 10(-11) mol/l in a dose-dependent manner and with equal potency. We conclude that the effect of these three cholecystokinins on the endocrine pancreas is without physiological significance, whereas all three are sufficiently potent to play a role in the control of pancreatic protein secretion. PMID- 7032210 TI - Secretory effects of gastric inhibitory polypeptide on the isolated perfused porcine pancreas. AB - The effect of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) in physiological concentrations (250, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 pg/ml) upon endocrine and exocrine secretion from the isolated perfused porcine pancreas was studied at various glucose concentrations in the perfusate. GIP increased insulin release in a dose dependent manner. The sensitivity of the beta-cells to GIP was glucose independent. No effect was observed on glucagon or exocrine secretion regardless of the glucose concentration in the perfusate. We conclude that GIP is powerful insulin-stimulator even in low physiological concentrations in the presence of glucose concentrations comparable to those seen during an oral glucose load, which makes GIP to one of the strongest incretin candidates known, i.e. the factor(s) contributing to the augmented insulin response after ingestion of glucose. PMID- 7032211 TI - Aggressive behavior in mice provokes a marked increase in both plasma epidermal growth factor and renin. AB - The plasma concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in normal, nephrectomized and sialectomized mice is about 0.5 nmol/l. Aggressive behaviour results in a parallel increase in both plasma EGF and plasma renin for both normal and nephrectomized mice. The plasma concentration of EGF increases around 300- and 150-fold respectively; no increase is observed in sialectomized mice, suggesting that the submaxillary gland is an important source of liberated EGF. Virtually all the EGF is found in plasma as a low molecular species that behaves as pure EGF, when examined by radioimmuno- and radioreceptor assays. PMID- 7032212 TI - A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist stimulates oxygen consumption and maturation of follicle-enclosed rat oocytes in vitro. AB - Rat oocytes were induced to resume meiosis by incubating isolated preovulatory follicles with LH or a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist. Oocyte maturation was accompanied by a 32% increase in oxygen consumption by the denuded oocyte after incubation with LH and a 67% increase after incubation with the GnRH agonist. PMID- 7032213 TI - Effect of apomorphine on peripheral venous gastrin and insulin levels in conscious dogs. AB - Apomorphine 0.001, 0.005, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg were given i.v. to conscious dogs and gastrin and insulin levels were measured in peripheral venous blood. The lowest dose of apomorphine (0.01 mg/kg) did not change gastrin levels but some times caused a decrease of insulin levels, whereas the higher doses (0.005-0.1 mg/kg) induced a dose dependent increase of both hormone levels. The peak shaped release responses appeared within a few minutes and the basal values were reached again within 20 to 30 min. Apomorphine within the dose range which induced a response of insulin and gastrin also caused nausea and vomiting. After pretreatment with haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg) no signs of sickness were observed and the response of gastrin to 0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg of apomorphine was almost completely blocked, whereas the insulin response to both these dose was inhibited to approximately 50%. We conclude that the release of gastrin and insulin can be activated by stimulation of dopaminergic receptors, the anatomical location of which is not clear. Possible sites for the dopaminergic receptors are the hypothalamic region or the vagal centres in the medulla oblongata. PMID- 7032214 TI - Further studies on properties of renin granules isolated from rat kidney cortex. AB - The properties of renin granules isolated from rat renal cortex were studied. Renin granules were thermolabile since in 10 min at 0 degrees C twice as much renin was released as at +37 degrees C. Addition of Ca++ (10(-6) M - 10(-2) M) did not affect the spontaneous release at +37 degrees C, pH 6.5, during 10 or 30 min incubation. However, when pH was elevated to above 7, renin release was significantly increased by Ca++ (10(-3) M). Additions of various amounts of KCl, NaCl or MgCl2, which increased the osmolality less than 20 mOsm/kg, did not affect the stability of the renin granules. Mg-ATP (0.5 and 5 mM) as well as Mg GTP (5 mM) stabilized renin granules at +37 degrees C, pH 6.5, but the corresponding nitrogen analogues Mg-AMP-PNP and Mg-GMP-PNP (0.5 and 5 mM) were not effective. Neither did Mg-AMP (5 mM) nor ATP (5 mM) without Mg++ affect the renin release. No stabilization was observed by Mg-ATP and Mg-GTP in the purified granule preparations. The results suggest the importance of the cleavage of the terminal phosphate in the stabilization process. When the granules prepared at 300 mOsm/kg were first kept at hyperosmotic medium (range 300-1650 mOsm/kg) and then moved back to 300 mOsm/kg, the granules tend to lyse the more the greater was the reduction of the osmolality. The granules were more stable in isotonic sucrose than in isotonic ionic medium. PMID- 7032215 TI - Conversion of exogenous arachidonic acid to prostaglandins in the pulmonary circulation in vivo. A human and animal study. AB - The capacity of human lungs to synthetize prostaglandins (PGs) from exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) was investigated in healthy male volunteers. 14C-labelled AA was infused at a constant rate into the right atrium under simultaneous sampling of blood from the ascending aorta. The arterial content of 14C-AA metabolites was extracted, separated with thin-layer chromatography and quantified using fractionated liquid scintillation spectrometry. Conversion of exogenous AA to prostacyclin (PGI2) was also studied in the lungs of anaesthetized cats. In these experiments different doses of unlabelled AA were administered intravenously. Simultaneously PGI2-activity in the arterial blood was assayed using a technique for continuous measurement of platelet aggregation on blood superfused collagen strip. Radiochromatograms of the human arterial plasma revealed no clearly defined peaks corresponding to any of the unlabelled standards of PGD2, PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha or TxB2. The 14C-activity in the chromatograms materialized only in one (apart from AA) prominent peak in parallel to 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2. Neither in cats did significant amounts of PGI2 appear in the arterial blood after administration of AA in moderate doses. Only very high AA doses caused a slight increase in arterial PGI2 activity. The results demonstrate that human lungs do not convert exogenous AA to PGs under physiological conditions. In cats the reluctance of the lungs to utilize exogenous precursor can only be overcome with high, non-physiological AA doses. The data may suggest the existence of special regulatory mechanisms which control release of PGs from the lungs and promote utilization of endogenous precursor. PMID- 7032216 TI - Endocytosis and lysosomal enzyme activities in dystrophic muscle: the effect of denervation. PMID- 7032217 TI - [Radioimmunological method of determination of glucagon content in insulins of Polish production]. PMID- 7032218 TI - [Sensitivity of bacteria isolated from non-parenteral drugs to antibiotics. III. Evaluation of sensitivity of gram-negative strains]. PMID- 7032219 TI - [Behavioral treatment of chronic psychophysiological insomnia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032220 TI - [Use of biofeedback in the treatment of spasmodic torticollis. Behavior psychotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032221 TI - Doctor's versus patient's judgement in the assessment of mixed anxiety/depressive illness. Implications for measurement of therapeutic response. AB - The relationship of doctors' assessments to their patients' self-assessments was examined in a double-blind comparison of Motipress and Anafranil in patients suffering from mixed anxiety/depressive states. Significant differences between doctors' ratings were revealed which were largely parallelled by their patients' self-ratings done independently, suggesting differences between subgroups of patients within the whole population. Appropriate statistical analyses eliminated these factors in the data and showed that they did not affect the conclusions of a conventional statistical analysis of the two treatment groups as a whole; there were no significant differences between the major improvements associated with each treatment. PMID- 7032222 TI - Maintenance of therapeutic effects of total sleep deprivation by limitation of subsequent sleep. A pilot study. AB - In a previous study it was shown that in endogenous depression repeated sleep deprivation (SD) during clomipramine treatment resulted in rapid improvement after each SD. However, except after the first night, relapses were observed after all sleep nights following SD (the "recovery nights"). The present pilot study had a therapeutic aim, namely to prevent these relapses. We were interested in whether limitation of sleep during the recovery nights might prevent these relapses and whether different amounts of sleep would have different effects on the course of mood after recovery sleep. Ten endogenously depressed patients were treated with clomipramine and with three SD's. Five patients slept for approximately 2 h, and the other five for about 5 h during the second and third recovery nights. On average, no relapse was shown by these patients and, in fact, there was some additional improvement after these nights, in contrast to the findings in the previous study, where patients were allowed unlimited sleep. PMID- 7032223 TI - Mental health of 58 Swedish men living together with their wives and preschool children. AB - The mental health of the man was studied in a random sample ogf 58 Swedish unbroken families. Men with mental symptoms above an approximate median were compared to men with mental symptoms below the median. Thirteen of the men with mental symptoms were regarded as suffering from clinical psychopathology. Men reporting many mental symptoms more often than the others, had poor contact with their parents and poor mental health during childhood and adolescence, and also their parents' marriage had been disharmonious. Men with mental symptoms above the median more often tended to have a less satisfying relationship to their wives and children. This same group of men usually had low incomes and tended to be dissatisfied with their job and present dwelling. There was no relationship between the man's current mental health and the child's report of its emotional contact with its father in a projective play session. Nor was the number of mental symptoms related to the emotional and intellectual development of the child. PMID- 7032225 TI - Establishment of a local psychiatric service. AB - The Faroe Islands are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean between Norway and Iceland inhabited by about 42,000 people. They are considered a nation with home rule within the Danish Kingdom. A Psychiatric Department was not established on the islands until 1969. Before this, psychiatric patients were referred to the local General Hospital and about half of the patients in each diagnostic group were sent on the Psychiatric Hospital in Nykobing on Zealand, Denmark. Since the establishment of the department, admissions have increased in all diagnostic groups, especially in the group of senile psychoses. The total increase amounts to 2.4 times the admission rates of psychiatric cases to the General Hospital and 4.4 times the admission rates to the Psychiatric Hospital in Nykobing in the last years prior to the start of the local service. The outpatient department has grown steadily, the patients attending are distributed in diagnostic groups similar to Danish outpatient departments. PMID- 7032224 TI - A depot neuroleptic withdrawal study. A controlled study of the clinical effects of the withdrawal of depot fluphenazine decanoate and depot flupenthixol decanoate in chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - A double-blind withdrawal trial in 41 chronic schizophrenic outpatients on neuroleptics was carried out during 6 months. Long-acting neuroleptics (fluphenazine decanoate or flupenthixol decanoate) were used in comparison with placebo to determine the value in maintenance therapy. Most patients had a rather low maintenance dose, about 12.5-25 mg fluphenazine decanoate or 20-40 mg flupenthixol decanoate every third week. Relapse was often characterized by a return of the dame symptoms as the patient had during his first schizophrenic attack. Drugs were significantly more effective than placebo in preventing relapse and readmission to hospital. 62% relapsed in the placebo groups as compared with 27% in the drug group. All patients on active substance and without relapse during the controlled study had their treatment discontinued for 24 months in an open follow-up investigation. This resulted in relapse of all patients but one, i.e. a final relapse frequency of 97%. A significant weight decrease was observed in the placebo group. The risk of withdrawal is discussed. PMID- 7032226 TI - Single daily dose chlorpromazine therapy in psychosis. An evaluation. AB - A double blind study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of a single bedtime dose of chlorpromazine (300 mg) with divided doses of the same drug (100 mg, thrice daily). Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE) were administered to 80 acutely psychotic patients who took part in the study. Thirty-one patients in the experimental and 29 in the control group completed this 3-week trial. It was observed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two modes of treatment. Drowsiness was seen more often in the single bedtime schedule. Postural hypotension was observed in both patient groups. The implications of single night time medication in psychotics is discussed. PMID- 7032227 TI - Life events and schizophrenia: the "triggering" hypothesis. AB - The present paper reviews the life event research specific to schizophrenia with the goal of assessing the extent to which recent empirical studies have implicated life stress variables as precipitants of acute episode of the disorder (i.e. the "triggering" hypothesis). Different methodological strategies used in life event research are reviewed along with the substantive findings from quasi experimental and controlled studies of schizophrenic patients. It is concluded that stressful life events have been found to be part of the pool of factors associated with the onset of acute schizophrenic episodes, but evidence is still lacking to indicate that this association is necessary or direct one. Recommendations are made regarding the types of future studies required to fill the gaps in the existing literature. PMID- 7032228 TI - Measurement of coronary reactive hyperemia during clinical angiography by video dilution technique. PMID- 7032229 TI - Ultrasound findings in renal transplant rejection. AB - Ultrasound findings in 55 patients with kidney transplant were correlated with clinical course, laboratory tests and histology. In 48 patients acute or chronic rejection was present, in 8 of these associated with other parenchymal disease of the transplant (recurrent glomerulonephritis, tubular necrosis, pyelonephritis, cortical infarction, renal aspergillosis). One patient had acute postoperative tubular necrosis and six kidneys were normally functioning transplants. Of the diseased 49 kidneys, 7 had normal ultrasound appearances. In 44 kidneys (including 2 normally functioning transplants), the echogenicity of the renal parenchyma showed some abnormalities. The most frequent finding was either local or diffuse enlargement of hypoechoic medulla, associated with increased cortical echogenicity. PMID- 7032230 TI - [Double blind clinical trial on the use of ultra-levure in the prophylaxis of antibiotic induced gastro-intestinal and mucocutaneous disorders]. PMID- 7032231 TI - Personal reflections on the incidence of ischaemic heart disease in Oslo during the Second World War. AB - The dietary changes in Norway and especially in Oslo during the Second World War, with reduced fat intake and increased consumption of fish and fish products, was paralleled by a reduced incidence of and mortality from IHD. This was probably caused to a high degree by reduced platelet aggregability leading to a reduced tendency to thrombosis. We suggest that the mechanism behind this reduction was a changed balance between pro- and anti-aggregatory prostaglandins towards the anti aggregatory side, caused by eicosapentaenoic acid from fish lipids. Furthermore, hypocholesterolaemia due to reduced fat intake and increased consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids certainly contributed to this effect by reducing platelet aggregability. PMID- 7032232 TI - Pre- and postoperative studies in 72 hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis, with special reference to renin activity and aldosterone. AB - Seventy-two patients, aged 6-69 years, were operated on because of presumed renovascular hypertension and subjected to follow-up studies for 4-60 months (mean 28). Unilateral renal artery stenosis was present in 47 patients. Surgery was followed by normalization of blood pressure (BP) in 28 and improvement in 7, whereas 12 showed no response. Sixteen were below the age of 40 and only one failed to respond to surgery. Peripheral venous plasma renin activity (PRA) was increased in 32 and urinary aldosterone elevated in 22 of 35 patients responding favourably to surgery. Renal vein PRA was higher from the kidney with the stenotic renal artery as compared to the contralateral side in all patients responding to surgery. Preoperative peripheral PRA difference was also found in 7 of 12 patients not responding to surgery. Preoperative peripheral PRA was increased in 26 of the patients becoming normotensive after surgery. In 20 of these patients normalization of BP was associated with a fall in peripheral PR. Twenty-five patients had bilateral renal artery stenosis. Four of them had severe hypertension, renal insufficiency and generalized atherosclerosis. They died in immediate connection with operation. Unilateral operation, performed in 11 of the remaining 21 patients, was followed by normalization of BP in 3 and no response in 8. Bilateral reconstructive surgery, performed in 10 patients, resulted in normotension in 2 and improvement in 7. Our studies indicate that determination of peripheral PRA and/or urinary aldosterone can serve as a useful prognostic indicator after surgery in hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis. PMID- 7032233 TI - Diurnal levels of lipids, glucose and insulin in type IV hyperlipidemic patients on high carbohydrate and high fat diet: comparison with normals. AB - Diurnal levels of serum triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, free fatty acids (FFA), glucose and insulin were measured in three type IV hyperlipidemic patients on a fixed solid 65% carbohydrate and a 65% fat diet when in steady state conditions in a metabolic unit. The carbohydrate-rich food was divided into either three or eight equivalent portions, differently spaced over the day and night. The fat rich food was given in three equivalent portions only. The diurnal TG profiles on these diets showed the same characteristics as those found in normals, but increments and mean levels were considerably higher. On the carbohydrate-rich diet, mean TG levels decreased during the study. This was not seen either on the fat-rich diet or in normals. In contrast to our findings in normals, chylomicrons formed the major contribution to the serum TG pattern. FFA levels were markedly higher on the high-fat than on the carbohydrate-rich diet, but not different from those in normals. Postprandial glucose responses did not differ significantly between the diets. Insulin responses were markedly higher on the carbohydrate rich than on the fat-rich food. Glucose levels did not differ from those in normals. Insulin levels were significantly higher in the patients. Cholesterol showed minimal fluctuations, parallel to the TG pattern, which could be attributed to chylomicron cholesterol. PMID- 7032234 TI - IgM deposition in skin biopsies from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Immunofluorescence studies on skin biopsies from 14 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) showed granular papillary deposition of IgM in all. In addition, 6 patients had C3 deposition. Control patients with various other liver diseases, idiopathic high plasma levels of igM and extrahepatic cholestasis were only sporadically positive for IgM and not at all for C3. IgM deposition in dermal papillae in PBC does not merely reflect high plasma IgM levels or cholestasis but probably represents an immunochemically abnormal IgM population. PMID- 7032235 TI - Selection of mouse virulent non-motile strains of Escherichia coli by the soft agar technique. AB - Using strain SME-12 of Escherichia coli and its variants A and B showing large round, diffuse and compact-type colonial morphology, respectively, in soft-agar medium, their capsule showed that although these strains were similar in toxicity, the parent strain exhibited a large capsule, a large cell volume and a high mouse virulence. Variant A had no capsule, its cell volume was remarkably lower than that of the original strain, and was avirulent; variant B had no capsule and displayed the lowest cell volume and mouse virulence. With 193 fresh isolates of E. coli, the majority of colonies of 16, 152 and 25 strains were of large round, diffuse and compact types, respectively. Fifteen strains of pure growth type from each of the three groups were tested for mouse virulence. The majority of strains showing large round-type growth was virulent, diffuse-type strains displayed a low virulence, while no mouse was killed by compact-type strains. PMID- 7032236 TI - The luteinizing hormone releasing hormone-containing pathways and their co termination with tanycyte processes in and around the median eminence and in the pituitary stalk of the rat. AB - The origin, course and termination of two luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH)-containing pathways were studied in the brain of rats by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the joint termination of LH-RH-containing nerve terminals and tanycyte processes over a rostro-caudally elongated belt surrounding the median eminence (ME) is described. The preoptico-infundibular tract originates from neurons confined to a pyramid-shaped area between the anterior commissure, the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) and the most caudal level of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCH). The axons of these neurons form three fascicles. Fibres of the median fascicle run in caudal direction on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the optic chiasma. Fibres of the medial fascicle run along the lateral border of the SCH towards the retrochiasmatic area. Fibres of the lateral fascicle course laterally in close contact with the concave dorsomedial surface of the optic tract. These latter fibres gradually turn in medial direction and reach the lateral margin of the ME. The caudal LH-RH fibre tract was characterized only partially because the perikarya giving rise to these fibres were not identified. The fibres run rostrally among the ependymal cells of the mesencephalic aqueduct and form two fascicles. The fibres of the mammillary fascicle enter, and seem to terminate, in the medial mammillary nucleus, while the fibres of the tuberal fascicle course rostrally and join the fibres of the preoptico-infundibular tract. The surface areas of the brain along which LH-RH fibres terminate (retrochiasmatic area, inframammillary region, lateral margin of the ME) were found to display a special surface covering formed by tanycyte processes. The course of LH-RH fibre tracts described here is in good agreement with earlier experimental results on the localization of neural pathways controlling ovulation and the secretion of pituitary gonadotropic hormones. The significance of the joint termination of LH RH fibres and tanycyte processes, especially in areas where portal capillaries are absent, remains unclear. PMID- 7032237 TI - Research in neurosurgery. Introductory lecture to the Seventh European Congress of Neurosurgery, Paris, 1979. PMID- 7032238 TI - Decerebrate rigidity produced in cats by focal stereotactic radiofrequency lesions. AB - A method of producing decerebrate rigidity in cats by means of a radio frequency current was developed. Adequate control of the extent an shape of the lesions necessitated a preliminary investigation of the relationship between the intensity and duration of current, the size of the lesion, and the tissue impedance before and after destruction; this was performed on guinea pigs. The mesencephalic reticulum in cats was identified by depth microelectrode recording and electrical stimulation. Unilateral, midline, and combined stereotactic radiofrequency lesions were made. The anatomical location, the pathological characteristics, and the physiological significance of the lesions with regard to the production of decerebrate rigidity and of the other clinical reactions of the animals are discussed. PMID- 7032240 TI - [Evaluation of the Wittgenstein index]. PMID- 7032239 TI - Metallurgical evaluation of the compatibility of surgical clips with their appliers. AB - Five aneurysm clips and their respective appliers (Heifetz, Vari-Angle, McFadden, Scoville, and Yasargil) were tested for the production of small metal shards that could provoke a foreign body reaction or increase the risk of a stress-corrosion failure. Pivot and Vari-Angle-McFadden clips produced numerous large shards, the Scoville clip produced a few fine shards, and the Yasargil and Heifetz clips produced none. Metal shard production due to cold metal transfer is attributed to the abrasive mechanical interaction between clips and appliers made from metals with different degrees of hardness. PMID- 7032241 TI - [Medicine and the Andes]. PMID- 7032242 TI - [The Andes and medicine. II]. PMID- 7032243 TI - [Clinical trial with oxytryptan in depressions]. PMID- 7032244 TI - [Dermatologic corticosteroid therapy up-date. Corticosteroid administration in dermatology]. PMID- 7032245 TI - [Eosinophilic spongiosis. Report of two cases]. PMID- 7032246 TI - [Biographical sketch and remembrance of Prof. Jose Cabre Piera]. PMID- 7032247 TI - [Kaposi's angiosarcoma in a renal transplant patient]. PMID- 7032249 TI - The role of serotonin in modulation of nociceptive reflexes. PMID- 7032248 TI - [Herpes gestations. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7032250 TI - Roles for serotonin in neuroembryogenesis. AB - Possible non-transmitter roles for 5-HT in different phases of early neuroembryogenesis have been discussed based upon experimental evidence from the rat and chick. Fluorescence histochemical studies have demonstrated sites of uptake and synthesis of 5-HT in the chick embryo during the first few days of incubation. These sites are located in discrete regions of the notochord and floor plate of the neural tube as well as in extra-neural regions such as the somites and primitive gut. The 5-HT patterns are distinctly different from those observed for the uptake and synthesis of norepinephrine in embryos of the same age. Spatio-temporal changes in the distribution of these sites during closure of the neural tube suggest a role for 5-HT in various aspects of neural tube development. Moreover, the non-overlapping localization of 5-HT and norepinephrine raises the possibility that these two amines may exert different and perhaps cooperative influences on early neurogenic processes in the chick. In the rat, autoradiographic and biochemical studies concerning the consequences of 5-HT depletion in the embryo for development of different brain regions have provided evidence that 5-HT acts as a "differentiation signal" regulating the time of neuronal genesis in those cell populations which will eventually receive 5-HT innervation. Although the details of this system are as yet unknown, these studies suggest that 5-HT (and possibly the other monoamine transmitters) may actually "mold" the construction of their own circuitry during neurogenesis. Further, the ability of drugs and stress to interact with this process during that period of gestation when the monoamines are required as humoral signals suggests that maternal influences can interfere with ontogeny of this circuitry during pre- and possibly postnatal development. It is not yet clear whether the data in chicks and rats can be directly analogized from the one species to the other. Nevertheless, the evidence that sites of 5-HT uptake and/or synthesis are present during the earliest phases of neurogenesis in the chick and the observation that 5-HT depletion can alter the time of genesis of 5-HT target cells in the rat provide a new context for the consideration of possible actions of 5-HT prior to its role as a neurotransmitter substance. PMID- 7032251 TI - Localization of serotonin-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system and pituitary of the rat, with special references to the innervation of the hypothalamus. AB - The localization and distribution of serotonin (5-HT) has in the rat brain been studied with the indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coons (1958) using a newly developed, specific antibody to 5-HT. This paper contains a detailed description of the distribution of 5-HT in the hypothalamus and hypophyis and a brief report on the localization of 5-HT containing cell bodies. Principally, 5 HT perikarya were present in neuron systems with a distribution similar to that revealed by the mapping of Dahlstrom & Fuxe (1964) with the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence technique (FIF). However, in addition to the nine areas originally described, several other areas in the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon appeared to contain 5-HT cell bodies. In the hypothalamus no 5-HT positive neuronal perikarya could be observed. However, in the infundibulum and in the median eminence some 5-HT positive tanycytes and mast cells were observed. Serotonergic fibers and terminals are present throughout the hypothalamus. Particularly dense plexus of the fibers and terminals have been observed in the lateral hypothalamic area, nucleus mamillaris medialis, the nucleus perifornicalis, the nucleus suprachiasmaticus and the nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami. All remaining hypothalamic areas demonstrate various densities of 5-HT immunoreactive nerve fibers. In the pituitary 5-HT-like immunoreactivity have been found in the pars nervosa. PMID- 7032252 TI - Samuel Cate Prescott: -pioneer food technologist -gifted teacher -poet, humanist Mr.MIT -friend to many. PMID- 7032253 TI - Naturally occurring food toxicants: phenolic substances of plant origin common in foods. PMID- 7032254 TI - Formation of B lymphocytes in fetal and adult life. PMID- 7032255 TI - Structural Aspects and Heterogeneity of Immunoglobulin Fc Receptors. PMID- 7032256 TI - Indomethacin treatment following baboon endotoxin shock improves survival. AB - Baboons treated with one or two doses of indomethacin (1.5 mg/kg) after shock from endotoxin were randomly compared to untreated controls in an LD73 E coli endotoxin (6 mg/kg) model. Survival, systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, cardiac output, white blood cell and platelet counts, and blood gases were determined. Baboons receiving indomethacin had a significantly (P less than 0.05) better survival at 72 hours than did the controls. Circulatory function was improved with indomethacin treatment; however, white blood cell and platelet counts were similar. Arterial oxygen tension was significantly (P less than 0.02) better with indomethacin treatment. The mechanism by which indomethacin improves the survival in baboon endotoxin shock may be related to its effect on circulatory function. PMID- 7032257 TI - Influence of methylprednisolone on reticuloendothelial phagocytic and opsonic function during traumatic and septic shock. AB - Previous studies have indicated that resistance to shock is closely related to the phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). The present study examined the possibility that steroid treatment during shock might alter RES activity. RES phagocytic function was assessed by blood clearance and organ localization of gelatinized lipid colloid; opsonin activity by in vitro bioassay; serum concentration of the opsonic alpha 2-SB-glycoprotein (cold-insoluble globulin or fibronectin) by electroimmunoassay; and hepatic sinusoidal blood flow by the fractional clearance technique. Traumatic shock was induced in anesthetized male rats in a Noble-Collip drum while septic shock developed following cecal ligation and puncture. Both shock groups demonstrated depressed RE clearance function in association with diminished hepatic colloid localization and hepatic blood flow and augmented extrahepatic colloid uptake. The injection of methylprednisolone produced no further alterations in these parameters. Steroid injection resulted in enhancement of circulating opsonic activity in all groups compared to vehicle injection. The increased activity was not accompanied by increased levels of immunoreactive opsonic protein, nor could biological activity be enhanced by addition of steroid to plasma in vitro. It is suggested that the steroid acted either to preserve or to enhance the activity of the circulating protein. The relation of this finding to the suggested beneficial effects of steroids in shock remains unresolved. PMID- 7032258 TI - Differential subendocardial perfusion and injury during the course of gram negative endotoxemia. AB - This laboratory has been investigating the concept that a progressive state of global myocardial ischemia is a major precipitating factor in the etiology of the myocardial failure in endotoxin shock. To further test this hypothesis, endotoxin shock (E coli, B5, 4 mg/kg) was induced in the canine model, and coronary and systemic hemodynamics were monitored for five hours. Coronary flow decreased from 90.05 +/- 28 ml/min/100 gm left ventricle (n = 7) to 45 +/- 10 at five hours (n = 6), with two experimental deaths between four and five hours. Coronary vascular resistance increased from 61.82 +/- 2.5 X 10(3) dynes . sec . cm-5 to 128.6 X 10(3) +/- 18 X 10(3) dynes . sec . cm-5. Sham controls (n = 7) demonstrated no significant difference in either flow or resistance between zero to five hours. Gross examination of the shocked hearts demonstrated patchy to diffuse subendocardial hemorrhage not present in the sham preparations. Thioflavin S injection (4%, 1 ml/kg) demonstrated uniform perfusion under UV light (360 nm) in the sham preparations and marked nonuniform perfusion in the subendocardial surface of the shocked hearts. Histologic examination demonstrated diffuse intramyocardial hemorrhage, more marked in the subendocardium than the midmyocardium. Electron micrographs demonstrated swelling and distortion of the subendocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubules and dehiscence of the myofibrils. It is concluded that the decrease in flow and concomitant increase in intramyocardial resistance progresses to a state of global ischemia and ischemic necrosis at the more vulnerable subendocardial surface. PMID- 7032259 TI - Direct effects of endotoxin on the microcirculation. AB - Endotoxin (E Coli, Difco), 0.5 mg in 10 ml saline, or whole blood, was infused over a ten-minute period in the retrograde direction into a branch of a mesenteric artery in anesthetized dogs; control infusions were physiologic saline or whole blood without endotoxin. After infusion, the animal's blood was allowed to circulate through the microcirculatory field. Changes in the microcirculation were recorded by cine and still photography. After infusion of endotoxin there was coincident margination of leukocytes and thickening of endothelial cells, then formation of fibrin thrombi in small veins, followed by lyses of the thrombi and extravasation of erythrocytes. Systemic blood pressure did not fall until after endothelial cell thickening and leukocyte margination (five to 25 minutes after infusion). The mean pressure fell to between 30 and 50 mm Hg, even though the dose of endotoxin was less than 1/100 of that required to cause this blood pressure fall when given IV. It is hypothesized that intracellular hydration of endothelial cells causes increased leakage of fluids and extravasation of erythrocytes following endotoxin. If the internal volumes of hexahedron-shaped cells increase without an increase in their surface areas they must assume a more spherical shape, thereby permitting gaps to develop between adjacent cells. PMID- 7032261 TI - Hemodynamic effects of systemic or portal IV infusion of live E coli bacteria in the cat. A preliminary report. AB - The reactions in the series-coupled vascular sections of the small intestine and the changes in aortic blood flow, systemic arterial, and pulmonary arterial blood pressure were followed continuously in cats made septic by IV infusion of live E coli bacteria for 2 hours. Peripheral venous infusion initially induced systemic hypotension, pulmonary hypertension, and increased aortic blood flow, but decreased intestinal blood flow. These changes were normalized within 5-10 minutes. During the next 110 minutes systemic arterial blood pressure, aortic blood flow, and intestinal blood flow decreased continuously while intestinal blood flow resistance remained in the control range. Portal venous infusion induced a significantly less pronounced initial pulmonary arterial blood pressure increase. No initial intestinal vasoconstriction was noticed and intestinal blood flow resistance decreased during the bacterial infusion. In both series only small and insignificant changes of intestinal tissue volume were seen. The data suggest that the route of infusion is important to the response in experimentally induced sepsis. The constant intestinal tissue volume argues against intestinal pooling as being of importance to the development of low blood pressure in septic shock. PMID- 7032260 TI - Deleterious effects of leucine administration in endotoxin and superior mesenteric artery occlusion shock. PMID- 7032262 TI - Some metabolic and hormonal alterations in adipocytes isolated from septic dogs. AB - Glucose oxidation and catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis were studied in omental adipocytes isolated from overnight-fasted (control), septic (43 hours after appendiceal ligation), and 60-hour-fasted, nonoperated dogs. Plasma glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids (FFA) were also measured. Both basal and insulin stimulated glucose oxidation and norepinephrine-stimulated lipolysis were significantly elevated, and insulin sensitivity (ie, percentage stimulation above basal values) was reduced in septic adipocytes as compared with their own controls. Cells of sham-operated dogs exhibited the same pattern of metabolic changes and alterations in hormonal responsiveness as cells of septic animals. Plasma glucose and FFA remained unchanged in septic and sham-operated animals; plasma insulin levels increased significantly in septic dogs. Results of this study emphasize the important contribution of surgical trauma alone to some of the metabolic and endocrine alterations in the canine septic model. PMID- 7032263 TI - [The history of research in dentition, seen as a means of developmental diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - About 300 international publications from 18. till 20. century are examined in the relation of the beginning of the 2. dentition. Point of view is the shifting of succession in the beginning of eruption from the first permanent molar to the first permanent incisor. PMID- 7032264 TI - Metabolism of operated diabetic. PMID- 7032265 TI - Optimal management of patients with ischemic heart disease for noncardiac surgery by complementary anesthesiologist and cardiologist interaction. PMID- 7032266 TI - Clinical experience with glucose-insulin-potassium therapy in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7032267 TI - Surgical management of acute and chronic cardiac mechanical complications due to myocardial infarction. PMID- 7032268 TI - Acute aortic dissection: historical perspective and current management. PMID- 7032269 TI - Clonidine, a centrally acting sympathetic inhibitor, as monotherapy for mild to moderate hypertension. AB - Sixteen patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension were treated with 0.2 mg of clonidine three times daily as the sole antihypertensive drug. Blood pressure decreased from 167 +/- 4/105 +/- 2 to 139 +/- 3/89 +/- 2 mm Hg (mean +/- standard error of the mean) after 1 week (p less than 0.001) and remained at 140 +/- 3/90 +/- 2 mm Hg after 3 months of therapy. There were no significant changes in cardiac output, blood volume, renal blood flow or glomerular filtration rate during clonidine therapy. Clonidine significantly decreased plasma catecholamines and there was a linear correlation between the change in blood pressure and decreases in plasma catecholamine concentration (r = 0.61, p less than 0.001). There was also a significant correlation between the decreases in heart rate and blood pressure (r = 0.78, p less than 0.001). It is concluded that clonidine can be used effectively and safely as the sole agent in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. PMID- 7032270 TI - Techniques of intraoperative electrophysiologic mapping. AB - Cardiac mapping during sinus rhythm and during spontaneous or induced ventricular arrhythmias is a promising technique that offers a variety of potential strategies to improve our ability to locate abnormal areas in the heart that are the seat of arrhythmias. If surgical procedures are to become more limited in scope in an attempt to salvage myocardium, mapping will need to be used to a greater extent. However, it remains to be established which mapping technique will prove most sensitive and specific in detecting sites of arrhythmia, and whether the localizing method used allows a more directed surgical intervention to be successful. PMID- 7032271 TI - Histamine and the human heart: the other receptor system. PMID- 7032272 TI - The development of the lung in mammals: an analysis of concepts and findings. AB - To evaluate one model of mammalian-lung development, i.e., division into periods, pre- and postnatal lung development in the CPB-S mouse strain was divided into the currently distinguished periods: the pseudoglandular period, covering establishment of the air-conducting portion; and the canalicular, terminal-sac, and alveolar or postnatal periods, in which the respiratory portion develops. The last three periods would each cover the formation of a different component of the respiratory unit or pulmonary acinus (acinus pulmonaris) (nonalveolated respiratory bronchiole, nonalveolated duct and sac, and alveolar pouch). However, determination of the nature of the relevant structures on the basis of recent findings concerning the epithelia showed that these hypotheses are not tenable. Since the tubule with cuboidal epithelium (appearing in the pseudoglandular and following periods) is the basic structure in the genesis of the pulmonary acinus, the development of the respiratory portion must start in the pseudoglandular period. Likewise, since the definitive components of the acinus are derived from this acinar tubule, their establishment may not be restricted to one of the other periods. Because other postulated divisions of mammalian-lung development were based on similar histological interpretations, they cannot reflect the course of mouse-lung development either. Therefore, a developmental scheme based on the recent findings concerning the epithelia is given as well as a tentative scheme for the human lung. The respiratory portion proved to develop by budding of acinar tubules, the mode of budding being not restricted to any particular pattern. PMID- 7032273 TI - Effect of chromium chloride supplementation on glucose tolerance and serum lipids including high-density lipoprotein of adult men. AB - Chromium deficiency may cause insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and hyperlipidemia, recovered by chromium supplementation. The effect of chromium supplementation on serum lipids and glucose tolerance was tested in a double-blind 12-wk study of 23 healthy adult men aged 31 to 60 yr. Either 200 micrograms trivalent chromium in 5 ml water (Cr) or 5 ml plain water (W) was ingested daily 5 days each week. Half the subjects volunteered for glucose tolerance tests with insulin levels. At 12 wk high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in the Cr group from 35 to 39 mg/dl (p less than 0.05) but did not change in the water group (34 mg/dl). The largest increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreases in insulin and glucose were found in those subjects having normal glucose levels together with elevated insulin levels at base-line. The data are thus consistent with the hypothesis that Cr supplementation raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and improves insulin sensitivity in those with evidence of insulin resistance but normal glucose tolerance. PMID- 7032274 TI - Effect of differences in source of dietary carbohydrate on plasma glucose and insulin responses to meals in patients with impaired carbohydrate tolerance. AB - Two test meals, varying only in type of carbohydrate foods, were given to 12 volunteers with impaired glucose tolerance. The carbohydrate content of one meal was composed of potato and gelatin, while the other meals contained an equivalent amount of carbohydrate as rice and corn. The two meals were otherwise identical, and the additional constituents were turkey, green salad, and salad dressing. Plasma glucose and insulin responses were significantly lower after the meal containing rice and corn, with the change in the insulin response being the most dramatic. These results raise the possibility that variations in source of dietary carbohydrate may have therapeutic utility in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. PMID- 7032275 TI - Enzyme histochemistry on normal and pathologic paraffin-embedded lymphoid tissues. AB - So far, enzyme histochemical examination has been applied, with few exceptions, either to tissue imprints or to cryostat sections of freshly collected samples. This procedure is not easily applicable in routine histopathologic examination. In this study, a simplified tissue embedding procedure is presented which can be performed using an automatic tissue changer. The paraffin embedded samples can be used for both conventional histopathologic examination and for demonstrating enzymes in sections. The enzymes studied (alkaline phosphatase, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, acid phosphatase, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, ATPase, peroxidase, and chloroacetate esterase) gave comparable results in formalin-fixed cryostat sections and paraffin sections in both normal and pathologic lymphoid samples. The only exception was ATPase, which could not be demonstrated on paraffin-embedded material. The technic described has broad application in the analysis of lymphoid diseases. PMID- 7032276 TI - Histopathology of marine vibrio wound infections. AB - Although marine vibrio wound infections and septicemia are being reported with increasing frequency, description of the histopathologic changes has been scanty. The histologic alterations in three patients with primary marine vibrio wound infections are presented. The lesions are characterized by intense acute cellulitis of the subcutis with much tissue destruction and extension into the adjacent dermis. The superficial dermis is devitalized and lacks an inflammatory cellular infiltrate. Subepidermal noninflammatory bullae are formed. Many organisms are seen both within the areas of intense acute inflammation and in devitalized areas. Organisms and inflammation are especially oriented around vessels, with associated acute vasculitis. It is concluded that the morphologic picture in marine vibrio wound infections is nonspecific yet characteristic. PMID- 7032277 TI - Distribution of blood group substances in normal human colon. Use of the unlabeled antibody (PAP) immunoperoxidase technic to identify A and B blood group substances. AB - A modification of the unlabeled antibody immunoperoxidase technic, using human antisera to identify blood group substances A and B in normal human colon is described. Overall, staining for the blood group substances is strongest in the cecum and proximal colon; there is a progressive reduction of staining for the blood group substances in the distal colon with almost complete loss in the recto sigmoid area. The blood group substances are present in epithelial cells and in epithelial mucin, the most intense positive staining often being located in the supranuclear, Golgi region of the cells. PMID- 7032278 TI - Extrathoracic localization of Legionella pneumophila in Legionnaires' pneumonia. AB - Extrathoracic organs of 12 fatal cases of Legionnaires' disease from the 1977 Vermont epidemic were reviewed for the presence of Legionella pneumophila. The bacteria were identified by direct immunofluorescence microscopy of paraffin embedded spleen, liver, lymph node, and kidney tissue. Extrathoracic bacteria were demonstrated in six of the 12 cases (3/7 spleens, 2/9 livers, and 2/10 kidneys). In the liver and spleen, the legionellae were associated with cells of the reticuloendothelial system. In the kidney, the bacteria were restricted to the interstitium and renal tubules. There were no acute inflammatory lesions in any of these organs. The distribution of bacteria in the extrathoracic viscera is compatible with dissemination through the blood stream. PMID- 7032279 TI - Fatal group B streptococcal pneumonia in neonates. Effects of antibiotics. AB - Prophylactic penicillin has been suggested to prevent neonatal group B streptococcal infections (GBS). However, there is a concern that the antibiotics may conceal significant bacteremia if post-treatment blood cultures were used to recover the etiologic agent. To clarify this point, the autopsy records of 111 cases of fatal neonatal pneumonias is infants less than one week of age for the period 1974-1978 were reviewed. Nineteen documented cases of group B streptococcal infections were uncovered. Review of antibiotic therapy in these infants indicate that such therapy can indeed conceal the etiologic agent of pneumonia if one uses post treatment blood (or other normally sterile body fluids) cultures as the basis of diagnosis. On the other hand, review of 41 cases with morphologic evidence of pneumonia and no identifiable etiologic agent reveal that the majority of these were referral cases from outlying hospitals who received antibiotics prior to any diagnostic work-up. PMID- 7032280 TI - Toxin-producing bacteria in infants. Lack of an association with sudden infant death syndrome. AB - After finding enterotoxigenic (ET) Escherichia coli in two consecutive cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), we initiated a prospective search for ET E coli in SIDS in Manitoba; in addition, we looked for toxigenic Clostridium botulinum and C difficile. In a 21-month period, small- and large-bowel contents were obtained in 33 cases of SIDS, from 32 control subjects, and in ten suspected cases of SIDS. Neither C botulinum nor ET E coli was isolated from any of these; C difficile was cultured from postmortem bowel contents of two SIDS and seven control cases. The overall isolation rate of C difficile was 17%. Despite the fact that two of these cases had toxin detectable in the bowel contents, no evidence of colitis was found in any of the cases with C difficile. We conclude that C botulinum or ET E coli have only a small role, if any, in the etiology of SIDS, and that C difficile is found relatively commonly in the gastrointestinal tract of infants without apparent local or systemic effects. PMID- 7032281 TI - Bayes' formula. Conditional probability and clinical medicine. PMID- 7032282 TI - The atomic bomb survivors and the problem of low-dose radiation effects. PMID- 7032283 TI - Trace metals in hematopoiesis. AB - The trace metals represent an extremely small part of the total mass of the organism. In spite of this, these elements appear to play major roles in metabolism. At the level of the hematopoietic system, specific roles can be identified for iron, copper, zinc, and cobalt. Other trace metals appear to play less clearly defined roles in hematopoiesis but clearly are involved by virtue of a number of interactions at the level of absorption, intermediary metabolism, or modulation of toxicity. Still other trace metals, such as lithium, appear to have a therapeutic role in altering production of granulocytes, by an as yet unidentified mechanism. PMID- 7032284 TI - Termination of skilled nursing facility Medicaid provider agreements: procedural due process requirements. PMID- 7032285 TI - The Freedom of Information Act and Medicare costs reports. AB - Health care providers must submit cost reports to the Department of Health and Human Services or its designated intermediary before they can be reimbursed for their services by the Medicare system. These reports closely detail the financial operations of the provider. Whenever third parties have requested copies of the cost reports pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act and the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (now HHS) has declared its intention to comply with the request, the providers have sued to enjoin disclosure. This Note evaluates whether the cost reports are confidential and therefore exempt from mandatory disclosure under Exemption 4 of the Freedom of Information Act. It concludes that they should not be exempt, but that even if they are, disclosure is mandated by a validly promulgated HEW regulation. This regulation was enacted in compliance with the Administrative Procedure Act, and should not be considered on abuse of the HEW Secretary's discretion. PMID- 7032286 TI - Prostaglandins and ischemic heart disease. AB - There is an abundance of information suggesting that prostaglandins are involved in the development and clinical expression of atherosclerosis. Many studies demonstrate a relationship between prostaglandins and the risk factors for peripheral and coronary artery disease. Thus, part of the mechanism by which hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypertension, sex hormones, age, heredity, emotional stress and diet contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis may be through an imbalance between thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin I2. Recent studies show a temporal relationship between acute ischemic events (specifically, unstable angina) and a transcardiac increase in thromboxane B2, while others demonstrate a salutary effect of disaggregatory and vasodilatory prostaglandins in such patients. If prostaglandins and thromboxane prove important in ischemic vascular disease, attention will be directed at the correction of their pathologic imbalance. This may be accomplished by dietary manipulation as well as by the development of prostaglandin receptor antagonists or inhibitors of specific prostaglandin pathways. PMID- 7032287 TI - Effect of euglycemia on the outcome of pregnancy in insulin-dependent diabetic women as compared with normal control subjects. PMID- 7032288 TI - Laboratory evaluation of an outbreak of nocardiosis in immunocompromised hosts. AB - Seven patients in a renal unit were proved to have nocardiosis in an interval of nine months. Six of these patients had received renal transplants. Serologic investigation suggested that two additional cases of undiagnosed pulmonary disease were also nocardial, and that there were no subclinical cases in patients or staff. Clinical-serologic correlations indicate that serologic evaluation may be a useful adjunct in diagnosis of nocardiosis, if used early and repeatedly, and to follow response to therapy. Epidemiologic investigations yielded cultures of Nocardia asteroides from air and dust inside the unit and elsewhere in the hospital. Biochemical, metabolic, physical and immunologic characterization of the isolates indicated that those from patients and those from the unit environment were identical, whereas some from outside the unit could be differentiated from these. The "epidemic strain" had type III antigen, which surveys indicated is not the most common type in human nocardiosis (it occurs in association with a minority of human cases). The isolates were of subgroup B, which has been associated with virulence. The characterization methods employed could be useful in studies of nocardial epidemiology. The laboratory studies indicate epidemic spread within the unit of a single organism, and current epidemiologic guidelines, which do not recommend respiratory isolation of cases of pulmonary nocardiosis, may need reconsideration particularly when there are immunocompromised hosts in the environment. PMID- 7032289 TI - Nephrotoxicity of semustine (methyl-CCNU) in patients with malignant melanoma receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. AB - The nephrotoxicity of semustine (methyl-CCNU) has been studied in 45 adult patients with surgically resected Stage I or II malignant melanoma who received this drug as adjuvant chemotherapy. Abnormalities of renal function (including three cases of renal failure) were noted in seven of 45 patients (16 percent); all these patients received more than 1,400 mg/m2. This represents an incidence of 26 percent in patients receiving more than 1,400 mg/m2 of semustine. Two distinct patterns emerged. Abnormal serum creatinine levels developed in two patients while receiving semustine and later progressed to renal failure. Five patients had normal serum creatinine levels throughout their treatment courses but had abnormal creatinine values one month to two years following the completion of drug therapy. Renal failure developed in one of these patients, but the remaining four have had stable renal function for one to two years of additional follow-up. No clinical signs of renal insufficiency were detected in any patients receiving less than 1,400 mg/m2 of semustine. No changes unequivocally attributable to semustine were seen in eight patients at autopsy despite the fact that three had received greater than 1,900 mg/m2 of nitrosourea. This incidence of nephrotoxicity appears to be significantly lower than that previously reported in children. Guidelines for future therapy with semustine are described. PMID- 7032290 TI - High-dose combined-modality therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation in resistant cancer. AB - Fourteen patients with resistant cancers received high-dose chemotherapy and total body irradiation followed by rescue with autologous cryopreserved bone marrow cells. In seven patients, disease has remained in remission for periods up to two years. These data indicate that effectiveness of high-dose combined modality therapy and bone marrow autotransplantation in patients with resistant cancer. The high incidence of non-marrow toxicity may be reduced by the use of this modality before patients have received extensive therapy. PMID- 7032291 TI - Short-term efficacy of oral verapamil in rest angina. A double-blind placebo controlled trial in CCU patients. AB - To determine the efficacy and safety of oral verapamil in patients with rest angina admitted to the Coronary Care Unit (CCU), a double-blind placebo controlled trial was undertaken. Of the 65 patients with rest angina screened for the study, 15 met the inclusion criteria (at least two episodes of chest pain associated with ST-T segment changes per 24 hours) during single-blind placebo phase (Day 1). Patients were then randomized to receive either placebo or verapamil (80 mg every 6 hours) on Day 2. Protocol was designed such that those who did not respond to the placebo (nonresponders) received verapamil, 80 mg every 6 hours, whereas verapamil nonresponders received increased doses (120 mg every 6 hours) on Day 3. Those who did respond (responders) continued to receive their medication. Similar action was taken on Day 4, depending on chest pain frequency and clinical evaluation. The study drug was unblinded on Day 4. At the end of the four-day period, 13 patients were receiving verapamil (nine patients, 80 mg every 6 hours, and four patients, 120 mg every 6 hours) and all but one were responders. One patient received placebo all through the period of the study and was also considered to be a responder. In the remaining one patient evidence of myocardial necrosis developed after he received a single dose of verapamil (80 mg on Day 2). Except for the prolongation of PR interval in two patients while taking verapamil, no side effects from verapamil therapy were observed. These data demonstrate the efficacy of oral verapamil in reducing episodes of myocardial ischemia in the majority of all patients with rest angina. PMID- 7032292 TI - Hybridomas: Their role in the clinical and research laboratories. PMID- 7032293 TI - Laboratory variables in determining lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios. AB - The results obtained for amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios are method dependent. Some of the method variables which affect the assay are the presence of blood or meconium, the conditions of centrifugation, the spray reagent used for visualization following thin layer chromatography, and variations in the techniques used for quantitation of the spots. Control of these variables is necessary if the results are to be reliable and useful. PMID- 7032294 TI - ELISA: a tool for the clinical microbiologist. AB - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with its ability to detect both antigens and antibodies, is finding an increasing number of applications in the clinical microbiology laboratory. This paper describes the basic steps common to all ELISA procedures, as well as the specific variations in technique. Applications of ELISA techniques to the clinical microbiology laboratory are reviewed, and commercially available materials and systems for elisa are discussed. PMID- 7032295 TI - An ELISA method for detecting unexpected antibodies. AB - This paper reports a new horseradish peroxidase enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) to detect patient serum alloantibodies. The new methodology utilizes a water-soluble chromogen, O-dianisidine and a temporary solid antibody support, osmotically lysed reagent erythrocytes. In a double blind study the horseradish peroxidase ELISA was found to be as sensitive as the conventional antiglobulin test. In parallel dilution studies on serum samples containing anti-Kell antibodies, the horseradish peroxidase-ELISA was found to be substantially more sensitive than the conventional antiglobulin test. While the procedure is at present impractical for routine use, these results indicate a potential for improved sensitivity which warrants further research. Possible applications and prospective areas of research are discussed. PMID- 7032296 TI - Endocarditis due to group A streptococcus. AB - In a prospective 30-month study 85 cases of endocarditis were observed at Harlem Hospital Center. Seven were due to group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. Six of the seven were heroin users in whom solitary tricuspid valve infection occurred. Aortic valve infection occurred in the remaining patient. An incidence of 8% of group A streptococcal endocarditis was observed. An unusual local frequency of 14% of group A endocarditis among heroin addicts was noted. PMID- 7032297 TI - Prenatal assessment of fetal outcome by amniotic fluid C-peptide levels in pregnant diabetic women. AB - Amniotic fluid C-peptide (AFCP), insulin, and glucose levels were measured in 33 diabetic and 126 nondiabetic pregnant women at greater than or equal to 36 weeks' gestation. Levels of AFCP distinguished diabetic from nondiabetic patients more reliably than amniotic fluid (AF) insulin or glucose. Levels of AFCP in diabetic patients correlated well with infant birth weight adjusted for gestational age (large for gestational age greater than adequate for gestational age), degree of diabetic control (fair to poor control greater than good control), or diabetogenic infant morbidity, but did not correlate with classes of diabetes within the limits of the population studied. We conclude that AFCP is a useful prognostic index for predicting fetal outcome in diabetic pregnancies. A level of AFCP of greater than or equal to 1.0 pmoles/ml is associated with an increased risk of macrosomia in infants of diabetic mothers. PMID- 7032298 TI - Decidual arteriopathy in hypertension and diabetes in pregnancy: immunofluorescent studies. AB - Lesions of the uteroplacental vasculature may be involved in the pathogenesis of "placental insufficiency" in pregnancies complicated by hypertension, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, and idiopathic fetal growth retardation. The decidual arteries of the placental bed of normotensive, hypertensive, and diabetic women were studied by histologic examination and direct immunofluorescence for immunoglobulins and complement. Decidual tissue was obtained by curettage and snap frozen immediately after delivery of the placenta in 21 normal pregnant control subjects, 73 nondiabetic women with hypertensive disorders, and 41 women with insulin-dependent diabetes. Lesions of fibrinoid necrosis and/or atherosis were observed in some of the decidual arteries of 53% of women with preeclampsia (primary or superimposed) and also in a proportion of women with stable chronic hypertension or normotensive diabetes. Thus, fibrinoid necrosis/atherosis of the decidual arteries is not specific for preeclampsia. Immunoglobulins and complement were detected in arteries with lesions in subjects of all clinical groups. The findings do not support the concept that immunoprotein deposition in pathologic decidual arteries is related to a hypothetical immunologic reaction specific for preeclampsia. In preeclampsia, vascular deposition of immunoglobulin and complement may be related to local intravascular coagulation. PMID- 7032299 TI - Function-retaining or function-restoring gynecologic surgery. PMID- 7032300 TI - Experimental renal hypertension in pregnant sheep. II. Response to a one-kidney model. AB - Pelvic blood flow was serially determined in 19 pregnant ewes before and after the induction of one-kidney renal hypertension. The six twin gestations and 13 singleton gestations behaved similarly for all parameters, except renal blood flow. After the renal preparatory surgical procedure, there was a 19% increase in mean arterial pressure and an 18% increase in pelvic blood flow, with pelvic vascular resistance being unchanged. After right renal artery constriction, there was a 14% further increase in mean arterial pressure, whereas pelvic blood flow increased only 3.5% and pelvic vascular resistance increased nearly 9%. Thereafter, although the arterial pressure remained elevated, the pelvic blood flow decreased and pelvic vascular resistance increased. Statistical analysis by means of a general linear model and covariance before and after renal artery constriction revealed significant changes in arterial pressures, pelvic blood flow, and pelvic vascular resistance. PMID- 7032301 TI - Vaginal malformations. AB - Of 254 patients with vaginal malformations, 167 had total vaginal agenesis and 87 had lesser defects. Incidence, embryogenesis, etiology, and associated anomalies are described. Improvements in surgical management have diminished complications and improved results. Preoperative investigation and preparation of the patient and prolonged postoperative supervision and support are critical. PMID- 7032302 TI - Penetrating keratoplasty for adherent leukoma of smallpox. PMID- 7032304 TI - A clinical comparison of tobramycin and gentamicin sulfate in the treatment of ocular infections. AB - We evaluated the safety and efficacy of tobramycin and gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic solutions in the treatment of patients with bacterial infections of the conjunctivas. In this double-masked study involving 66 patients, the two aminoglycosides were found to be equally safe and effective, although the in vitro data suggested that tobramycin may be more efficacious against Pseudomonas infections. Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis were the most frequent isolates from the infected eyes (59.8% and 20.6%, respectively). PMID- 7032303 TI - Acyclovir and vidarabine in the treatment of ulcerative herpes simplex keratitis. AB - In a masked controlled study, we treated 41 patients who had active herpes simplex corneal ulcers with either 3% acyclovir of 3% vidarabine ointment five times daily for 14 days. There was no statistically significant difference between the two drugs with reference to mean healing time, efficacy of healing, development of stromal keratitis or iritis, post-treatment visual acuity, or adverse reaction. PMID- 7032305 TI - The use of rotating gratings for the treatment of amblyopia: a clinical trial. AB - The use of rotating gratings for the treatment of amblyopia was subjected to a controlled clinical trial. A treatment group (N = 19) observed rotating gratings for 15 min per week for 10 weeks and a control group (N = 19) observed a blank rotating disk for the same period. Both groups of amblyopes performed visually guided tasks to maintain their interest during treatment. Data were acquired in a double-masked manner. A second control group (N = 4) underwent weekly acuity evaluation without any form of treatment. Visual acuity was evaluated before and after each session and analyzed with a linear regression fit to a probit transform by a minicomputer. By using a criterion change in acuity of 10% Snell Sterling, we found no significant change of acuity in any group or between groups. These results demonstrate that rotating gratings are an insignificant variable in the treatment of amblyopia. PMID- 7032306 TI - Lowrie James Porter (1895-1981). PMID- 7032307 TI - Detection of terminal transferase in paraffin sections with the immunoperoxidase technique. AB - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is an early T-cell differentiation marker in a number of species, including man. We have demonstrated TdT in the nuclei of cortical thymocytes in paraffin-embedded sections of calf, rat, and human thymus by indirect immunoperoxidase techniques. In addition, these techniques have been used to verify and extend enzyme assay results by detecting TdT in blast cells from 10 patients with convoluted T-cell lymphoma/leukemia, 1 patient with acute granulocytic leukemia, 1 patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia in blast crisis, and 1 patient with non-T non-B acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 7032308 TI - BCL1, a murine model of prolymphocytic leukemia. I. Effect of splenectomy on growth kinetics and organ distribution. AB - BCL1 is a transplantable murine B-cell leukemia that closely resembles human prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL). Syngeneic mice injected with BCL1 cells develop massively enlarged spleens followed by leukemia. Splenectomy performed either prior to BCL1 transplantation or prior to the leukemic phase of transplanted BCL1 results in a markedly altered clinical syndrome: the onset of leukemia is delayed by about 2 months; the leukemia is low-grade; and the lymph nodes, which are not prominently involved in leukemic animals with intact spleens, are massively infiltrated in the splenectomized transplant recipient. The immunologic phenotype of the BCL1 cell is not altered by splenectomy and thus does not appear to account for the altered tissue distribution of BCL1 in the splenectomized host. However, the results indicate a striking dependence of BCL1 on microenvironmental influences of the host lymphoid tissues. PMID- 7032309 TI - In memoriam: Ernst Fischer, M.D., Ph.D., 1896-1981, member editorial board, American Journal of Physical Medicine 1952-1981. PMID- 7032310 TI - The official publication of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists 1930-1980: Jubilee Issue. PMID- 7032311 TI - The development of genetics and population studies. PMID- 7032312 TI - Habits, habitats, and heredity: a brief history of studies in human plasticity. AB - There has long been controversy concerning the relative importance of environment and ancestry in determining the characteristics of living creatures including members of the human species. At the beginning of the present century most biologists and anthropologists seem to have assumed that environment had little or no effect upon our bodily traits. We inherited them. The studies of Franz Boas on Changes in bodily Form of Descendants of Immigrants cast doubts upon this assumption, and provoked considerable resentment. Since 1911, however, quite a few scholars have confirmed and elaborated upon the findings of Boas. At the same time, many other studies have demonstrated secular changes in bodily size and shape within quite a few different populations. The idea of bodily plasticity has therefore, by this decade, become quite acceptable. This paper recounts the historical sequence of events leading to the change in anthropological assumptions, mentioning the scholars whose work contributed to this important advance in scientific understanding. PMID- 7032313 TI - Robert J. Terry, 1871-1966. PMID- 7032314 TI - History and development of paleopathology. AB - In the nineteenth century, accurate descriptive studies, often dealing with pre Columbian "syphilis," were made by Virchow, J. Jones, and Putnam. Hrdlicka, Moodie, Ruffer, and others in the early twentieth century carried out research on subjects ranging from trephination to schistosomiasis. However, it was not until Hooton, Williams, Stewart, Wells, and others (1930 to 1965) that paleopathology was combined with paleodemography to get a population perspective on health as an equilibrium with disease. Not until recently, with the creative summaries of Jarcho and Brothwell, have we had bone pathologists (Lent Johnson and especially Putschar) and others (Moseley in blood, Cockburn and Allison in epidemiology and mummies) working actively with physical anthropologists and historians. This cooperation has triggered a major revival in the study of bone physiology and responses to disease (Ortner), disease ecology, demography and health, and paleonutrition (Goldstein, Laughlin, Cook and Buikstra, Ubelaker, Angel). New techniques range from histology to immunochemistry and now involve a host of young investigators. PMID- 7032315 TI - The growth of growth. AB - Over a 40-year period, 1940 through the present, human growth research has increased for a minimal to a major part of physical anthropology. Such research, originally conducted at the major American growth centers, has become more diverse and more specialized, extending to National Probability Samplings, nutritional surveys, studies of twins, investigations restricted to the craniofacial complex, and studies of the growth and development of various primate species. Besides extending knowledge of growth and development in general and control mechanisms in particular, there has been major feedback into physical anthropology affording far greater understanding of human variability, ot taxonomic differences, and of changes previously believed to be phylogenetic in nature. To the larger extent, all physical anthropologists have some degree of growth awareness. PMID- 7032316 TI - Charter members of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. PMID- 7032317 TI - List of current members of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. PMID- 7032318 TI - Effect of liposome-adipocyte interaction on hexose uptake and insulin action. AB - The effect of unilammelar lipid vesicles composed of defined acyl chain phosphatidylcholines or binary vesicles comprised of dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and a variety of other lipid species on insulin action in isolated rat adipocytes was studied. Cells were treated with vesicles and subsequently analyzed for basal and insulin-stimulated hexose uptake. Of the different vesicles tested, only those containing DOPC and phosphatidylserine (PS) markedly inhibited the effect of insulin. The inhibition was a function of PS concentration in the binary vesicle. Basal uptake, on the other hand, was stimulated by PS-containing vesicles. The changes in insulin-stimulated hexose uptake following interaction of adipocytes with DOPC-PS vesicles were accompanied by alterations in the Vmax of the uptake process and in affinity of insulin binding, although the similar ED50 values of the control and vesicle-treated groups suggest that the observed effects on insulin sensitivity may be mediated by an uncoupling of the insulin receptor from transport activation. Several lines of evidence are consistent with vesicle-cell fusion as the pathway of DOPC-PS uptake under these conditions. Fluorescence microscopic analysis of fat cells following their interaction with vesicles filled with fluorescent dye indicated that the internal contents of the adipocytes became generally labeled. Biochemical studies of cell fractionation after the interaction of adipocytes with radiolabeled vesicles and effects of metabolic inhibitors and cell fixatives on vesicle uptake also support the fusion pathway. PMID- 7032319 TI - Importance of glucagon in mediating epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia in alloxan diabetic dogs. AB - In normal dogs epinephrine stimulates glucose production (Ra) independently of glucagon. To investigate the role of this interaction in diabetes, epinephrine (0.1 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1) was infused for 90 min in five alloxan-diabetic dogs in the presence or absence of somatostatin (0.1 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1). In response to epinephrine, glycemia rose by 40% reflecting a near maximal (122%) increase in Ra. Plasma glucagon (IRG) rose to 953 pg/ml, whereas insulin (IRI) increased minimally. When somatostatin was infused with epinephrine to prevent the rise of IRG and IRI, there was only a marginal increase of glucose concentration (12%) and production (38%). The effect of somatostatin was reversed by infusing glucagon (10 ng . kg-1 . min-1) together with epinephrine and somatostatin into five additional alloxan-diabetic dogs. Increments in IRG, glycemia, and Ra were fully reestablished. A 100% FFA increase was observed in all three groups, indicating that the lipolytic effect of epinephrine was independent of glucagon. In conclusion, in diabetic dogs, in contrast to normal dogs, epinephrine induced a marked and prolonged increase in glucose concentration and production mostly through a stimulation of IRG secretion. PMID- 7032320 TI - Dietary chloride modifies renin release in normal humans. AB - The effect of high and low chloride diets on the responses of plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (ANG II), and aldosterone (Aldo) to upright posture was studied in the same normal subjects in balance on constant sodium intake. Diet 1 consisted of 10 meq Na/day (low Na) and either 50 or 150 meq Cl/day. Diet 2 consisted of 200 meq Na/day (high Na) and either 20 or 200 meq Cl/day. The mean recumbent PRA level on the high Na-high Cl diet tended to be lower than on the high Na-low Cl diet but was not significantly different. However, the absolute peak upright PRA levels, 8.8 +/- 1.0 vs. 4.4 +/- 0.8 ng . ml-1 . h-1, and the incremental difference (delta PRA) between recumbent and peak upright PRA levels, 5.5 +/- 0.8 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.5 ng . ml-1 . h-1, were significantly less on the high Na-high Cl diet compared with the high Na-low Cl diet. Similar significant changes were seen in ANG II and Aldo levels. However, there were no significant changes in PRA, ANG II, and Aldo responses to upright posture on the low Na diet when the dietary Cl was varied. It is concluded that dietary Cl is another factor modifying renin release. However, Cl is probably less important than Na because Cl-induced changes in PRA were not seen in the low salt state. PMID- 7032321 TI - Barrier function of epithelia. AB - The ability of an epithelium to prevent permeation of noxious agents has not been well studied except in the gastrointestinal tract where exclusion of H+ has clinical significance. This article reviews the permeation routes across epithelia both as elucidated in the extensive electrophysiological work done in recent years and as demonstrated in morphological studies. We thus place concepts about gastrointestinal barrier function into the framework of transport physiology. Both the permeability and permselectivity of epithelial barriers are reviewed here. The effects of physical agents (pressure and electric current), polyvalent cations, organic compounds with both specific (channel blocking) and nonspecific (detergent) membrane properties, cyclic nucleotides, microfilament active agents, and particularly H+ on both the barrier function (permeability and permselectivity) and transport function of epithelia are considered. Based on the available data, an important role for active Na+ transport in the maintenance of the epithelial barrier function can be postulated. PMID- 7032322 TI - Pyloric pressure response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in humans. AB - The pyloric pressure response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was studied. Studies were performed in 102 experiments on 38 normal subjects. During insulin induced hypoglycemia, pyloric pressure increased from 5.5 +/- 1.2 to 10.8 +/- 1.1 mmHg (P less than 0.02). This increase in pyloric pressure ws not due to a direct effect of insulin, duodenal acidification, or the release of corticosteroids or growth hormone. Glucagon doses of 2 and 5 micrograms . kg-1 . h-1 increased pyloric pressure from 4.7 +/- 1.1 to 6.7 +/- 0.5 mmHg (P less than 0.05) and from 4.7 +/- 1.1 to 8.5 +/- 1.1 mmHg (P less than 0.02), respectively. Pyloric pressures were increased to 10.8 +/- 0.9 (P less than 0.01) and 13.0 +/- 1.4 mmHg (P less than 0.01) at 0.1 and 0.2 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 of epinephrine, respectively. Neither cholinergic blockade nor alpha-adrenergic blockade significantly affected the pyloric pressure response to insulin hypoglycemia. beta-Adrenergic blockade abolished the pyloric pressure responses to both insulin hypoglycemia and epinephrine. Neither beta- nor alpha-adrenergic stimulation altered the basal pyloric pressure. In contrast, the combination of isoproterenol and phenylephrine increased the pyloric pressure significantly from 4.2 +/- 0.8 to 12.0 +/- 1.7 mmHg ( P less than 0.01). These observations suggest that insulin hypoglycemia increases pyloric pressure by an adrenergic mechanism that requires stimulation of both alpha- and beta-receptors. PMID- 7032323 TI - Ionic activities in cardiac muscle cells and application of ion-selective microelectrodes. AB - Intracellular activities of K, Na, H, Cl, and Ca ions are kept at an optimal level for maintenance of normal cellular functions. Furthermore, many cellular functions are regulated directly or indirectly by these ion activities in cells. The use of ion-selective microelectrodes has emerged as the only method for measuring directly and continuously intracellular ion activities of intact cells. In recent years, they have been extensively used for measurements of intracellular ion activities in cardiac muscle and other tissues. This article concerns both intracellular ion activities of cardiac muscle and intracellular application of ion-selective microelectrodes. Intracellular ion activities in cardiac muscle cells have been measured under several experimental conditions, such as changes in ion composition of bathing fluid and exposure to certain drugs. This approach has provided significant information about electrochemical potentials of ions, membrane transport, and cellular functions related to ion activities. Relevant data and information is presented for K+, Na+, H+, Cl-, and Ca2+. Although ion-selective microelectrodes are widely used, this technique has certain assumptions, problems, and limitations that vary with the types of microelectrodes. The appendix of this article reviews basic principles for intracellular application of ion-selective microelectrodes and examines pertinent assumptions, problems, and issues. Particular features of K+-, Na+-, H+-, Cl--, and Ca2+-selective microelectrodes are described. PMID- 7032324 TI - The contribution of school health education to community health promotion: what can we reasonably expect? AB - Evaluative studies of outcomes of traditional school health education programs have shown that they are very effective in increasing knowledge, somewhat effective in improving attitudes, and, with few notable exceptions, generally ineffective in changing health practices. This paper discusses the previous reviews of the literature of outcomes of school health education programs, and discusses the constraints inherent in school-based activities; an emphasis on cognitive learning, lecture-oriented teaching methods, inadequate pupil assessment procedures, a captive audience, competing subject areas, competing behavioral influences, behavior change attempts directed at ingrained health habits, inadequate coordination with community resources, and lack of consensus regarding educational goals. The paper then examines several recent successful school health education programs emphasizing non-traditional approaches in self initiated care, pregnancy prevention, smoking prevention, and nutrition. It is concluded that school-based health education programs have three important roles in community health promotion: 1. the provision of a fundamental understanding of health and disease concepts to large segments of the population; 2. the reinforcement of positive health attitudes; and 3. the alteration of concurrent health behaviors for significant health problems. Although school health education may be helpful in enhancing decision-making and social interaction skills, little empirical evidence exists at this time to support this conclusion. PMID- 7032325 TI - Refugees, immigrants, and the public health. PMID- 7032326 TI - Transformation of defeat: the changing objectives of national health insurance, 1915-1980. PMID- 7032327 TI - Contributions to American history by physicians. PMID- 7032328 TI - Modification of the gastric partitioning operation for morbid obesity. AB - Two hundred patients operated on for morbid obesity were followed through the evolution and modification of gastric partitioning. Twenty-six patients (group I) were treated by complete TA-90 partitioning with a 1.2 cm gastrogastrostomy; only 23 percent had an excellent result. Fifty-nine (group II) were treated with a single TA-90 partitioning from which three staples were removed to form the stoma between the proximal and distal stomach; 44 percent had excellent results. One hundred fifteen patients (group III) were treated with TA-90 partitioning (three staples removed) using additional staple line reinforcement with 2-0 interrupted silk sutures and support of the stoma with a circumferential 1-0 silk suture reinforced with Teflon pledgets; all have had a good or excellent response. There have been minimal complications and no deaths. We encourage the adoption of this procedure as a safe and reliable surgical method in attacking the problem of morbid obesity. These patients must be treated by a team of surgeons, dietitians, nurses and office personnel who will provide the long-term support system necessary for the behavior modification induced by the surgery. PMID- 7032329 TI - Routine use of a shunt for carotid endarterectomy. AB - A temporary inlying shunt used during carotid endarterectomy is the ideal method of cerebral protection. The data presented suggest that if meticulous technique is used, the potential complications of a shunt may be avoided and excellent clinical results expected. When a shunt is used properly, carotid endarterectomy may be performed in a teaching situation with a high degree of safety. PMID- 7032330 TI - Management of central venous catheters using a wire introducer. AB - The wire introducer method is a satisfactory technique for management of central venous catheters if bacteriologic monitoring of the removed catheter is used to determine whether the introduced catheter should be allowed to remain. The data indicate that when central venous catheters become infected, they do so through the whole length of the catheter, from subcutaneous tunnel to intravascular tip. An intravenous catheter which produces negative cultures can be safely changed by the introducer method aseptically. An infected catheter must be removed as soon as the diagnosis is apparent, since the replacement catheter will be seeded by the colonized tract. Blood specimens drawn through central venous lines do not reflect the status of the line itself but rather the presence or absence of systemic bacteremia. PMID- 7032331 TI - Clinical and histologic indications for extensive pancreatic resection in nesidioblastosis. AB - Nine children with nesidioblastosis underwent pancreatic resection at St. Louis Children's Hospital. Four of these underwent 99 percent of near-total resection. Only one child required permanent insulin therapy postoperatively. Pathologic examination of the resected pancreases revealed a diffuse disturbance of the pancreatic architecture. Prolonged hypoglycemia can have devastating neurologic sequelae. Based on clinical experience and the pathologic demonstration of a diffuse process in the affected pancreas, it is advocated that near-total (99 percent) pancreatectomy is the primary procedure of choice for this disease. PMID- 7032332 TI - Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in high risk gastroduodenal operations. AB - A double-blind, prospective and randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in gastroduodenal operations was studied in 39 patients over an 18 month period. All patients had clinical features that placed them at high risk for the development of postoperative wound or intraabdominal sepsis. In the placebo group of 20 patients seven gastric-related infections developed, while 1 of the 19 patients who received perioperative cefamandole had one gastric related infection (p less than 0.01). The responsible microorganisms were those that are normal components of the oral or intestinal microflora. Nongastric related infections and deaths did not differ significantly in the two study groups. The results of this study confirm the efficacy of the use of short-term perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing gastroduodenal surgery for bleeding duodenal or gastric ulcer, obstructing duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer or malignancy. PMID- 7032333 TI - [Role of the cervical factor in human reproduction]. PMID- 7032334 TI - [Bacteriuria in pregnant women]. PMID- 7032335 TI - [Circadian rhythm of the female reproductive system]. PMID- 7032336 TI - [Elaboration of the methods for connection of artificial vagina with the functioning uterus]. PMID- 7032337 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the suture technics in cervical rupture]. PMID- 7032338 TI - [Results of treatment of isthmo-cervical insufficiency by using double II-shaped lavsan suture on the cervix uteri]. PMID- 7032339 TI - [Use of P-32 for express intraoperative diagnosis during gynecological operations]. PMID- 7032340 TI - A double-blind controlled trial of elemental diet in severe, perennial asthma. AB - In a double-blind controlled trial 41 hospitalized adults with severe, perennial asthma of unknown aetiology were allocated to either an antigen-free elemental diet (Vivasorb) or control diet, i.e. blended ordinary hospital food, for 2 weeks. At the time of entry into the trial all patients were in an active but stable phase of the disease. Medical treatment was given throughout the study as clinically indicated. Peak expiratory flow was measured hourly during the daytime and patients noted their symptoms daily on an assessment form. Validation of variables according to a scoring system indicated that the elemental diet resulted in an improvement of the patients asthma (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that elemental diet may serve as a diagnostic tool for disclosing alimentary intolerance in patients with perennial asthma. PMID- 7032341 TI - Grass pollen hyposensitization versus placebo therapy. I. Clinical effectiveness and methodological aspects of a pre-seasonal course of desensitization with a four-grass pollen extract. AB - The present work reports the results of a double-blind clinical trial, comparing the effects of hyposensitization treatment versus placebo in 33 patients with allergic rhinitis, sensitive to a crude extract of the pollen of four different grasses (Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Secale cereale, and Phleum pratense). The distribution of these patients in the two groups was done randomly and gave two comparable groups, as far as clinical and biological features are concerned. The treatment course included five low doses of the aqueous extract followed by 12 injections of Al(OH)3-adsorbed aliquots of the same extract. Evaluation of the clinical scores was based on diary cards on which symptoms and medications were recorded. A reevaluation of the significance of the symptom and medication scores is presented and the link between both scores is studied. Particular attention is given to the methodological and statistical problems raised during this study. The non-parametric tests reveal a significant difference (P less or equal to than 0.03) in the total clinical score between the treated and the placebo groups for the second half of the observation period, when the pathology was most intense. PMID- 7032342 TI - Grass pollen hyposensitization versus placebo therapy. II. Immunotherapy-induced changes in serum IgE and IgG levels. PMID- 7032343 TI - Budesonide - a new steroid for intranasal use. A double-blind clinical comparison between budesonide and placebo in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. AB - Twenty-nine patients with seasonal rhinitis completed a double-blind study comparing budesonide nasal spray 200 micrograms b.i.d. with placebo. The patients were randomly assigned into two parallel groups. Symptoms were assessed over a treatment period of 3 weeks. There were statistically significant differences in favour of budesonide on all measurements. Side effects were mild and the incidence was low. PMID- 7032344 TI - [Body constitution and alcoholism (Is alcoholism inherited?)]. PMID- 7032345 TI - [Scientific policy in Spain in relation to the university]. PMID- 7032346 TI - ANA's economic & general welfare program: a historical perspective. PMID- 7032347 TI - Treatment of stress response to laryngoscopy and intubation with fentanyl. AB - The cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and intubation was investigated in lightly anaesthetised patients admitted to hospital for elective intracranial surgery. One group of patients was given fentanyl 5 microgram/kg body weight before induction with thiopentone and suxamethonium. The other group served as controls. Fentanyl treatment caused a significant attenuation of the blood pressure and pulse response to laryngoscopy and intubation. Different techniques for induction of anaesthesia are discussed in relation to the demands of neuroanaesthesia. PMID- 7032348 TI - Nineteenth-century resuscitation apparatus. PMID- 7032349 TI - Respiratory and cardiovascular responses to PEEP in artificially ventilated patients after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. AB - The respiratory and haemodynamic effects of incremental levels of positive and expiratory pressure (PEEP) to 9 cm H2O were studied in ten adult patients 3--6 hours after uneventful cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Functional residual capacity was increased and deadspace-tidal volume ratio tended to fall, the latter approaching significance at +6 and +9 cm PEEP. Thus lung volume was increased and there was a tendency to improved gas distribution to the alveoli. However there was no significant change in PaO2, alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference or venous admixture. Cardiac index, and left ventricular strokework index were marginally depressed at 6 cm PEEP and further at 9 cm, while right atrial pressure and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure were raised at 9 cm PEEP. It would appear that low levels (3--6 cm) of PEEP do not improve gas exchange in the lungs to any worthwhile degree, and levels (6--9 cm) may impair cardiac performance. PMID- 7032350 TI - Pathophysiology and management of raised intracranial pressure. AB - The mechanism of cerebral homeostasis is reviewed, paying particular attention to the way blood-brain barrier, cerebrospinal fluid and cerebral blood flow contribute to the maintenance of normal intracranial pressure. The pathophysiology of raised intracranial pressure is outlined delineating the different types of cerebral oedema. Guidelines for the management of patients with raised intracranial pressure are presented as well as the techniques of intracranial pressure monitoring. PMID- 7032351 TI - Factors affecting an anaesthetist's work: some findings on vigilance and performance. AB - This paper reviews factors which may influence the vigilance tasks of an anaesthetist during an anaesthetic. Vigilance tasks are found to be unlike any other automatic, repetitive or monotonous tasks. While many factors affect vigilance and may result in performance decrements during psychological testing, little of this work has been done on anaesthetists. We suggest, however, that there are many parallels between findings related to vigilance in general and the type of work done by anaesthetists. Implications of major factors are discussed, and recommendations for further study are proposed. PMID- 7032352 TI - Etomidate: a foreshortened clinical trial. PMID- 7032353 TI - Sensitive detection of tritium in Southern blot and plaque hybridizations. PMID- 7032354 TI - An efficient technique for the isolation of yeast spores and the preparation of spheroplast lysates active in protein synthesis. PMID- 7032355 TI - Immunocapillarymigration with enzyme-labeled antibodies: rapid quantification of C-reactive protein in human plasma. PMID- 7032356 TI - Removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate from proteins and peptides by gel filtration. PMID- 7032357 TI - Isoelectric focusing of subtilisin inhibitors: detection and partial characterization of cereal inhibitors of chymotrypsin and microbial proteases. PMID- 7032358 TI - Enzyme activities of the primary and secondary metabolism of simultaneously permeabilized and immobilized plant cells. PMID- 7032359 TI - Immunoassay using 125I- or enzyme-labeled protein A and antigen-coated tubes. PMID- 7032360 TI - Analysis of mixtures of primary chiral alcohols: a kinetic configurational approach. PMID- 7032361 TI - Determination of selenium in biological materials by stable isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 7032362 TI - Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of nascent albumin topology: proposed cytosolic folding and membrane transit of the protein. AB - The relationship of nascent albumin and hepatocyte organelles was studied with the immunoperoxidase reaction in rats given various drugs to alter cellular albumin content. colchicine was used to increase intracellular albumin. Cycloheximide inhibited synthesis but allowed nascent albumin to remain with its ribosome of origin. Puromycin also inhibited synthesis but released albumin from its ribosome. There was no difference in the appearance of attached ribosomes in hepatocytes from saline-injected rats and those given colchicine or cycloheximide. In these cases, membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum were consistently decorated with ribosomes positive for the presence of albumin antigenicity on their cytosolic surface. The cisternal and cytosolic compartments were negative. The situation after puromycin was different. Here the membranes appeared to be denuded of ribosomes and reaction product, indicative of albumin, was present only on the lumenal surface. To determine whether puromycin had caused the release of ribosomes, sections from puromycin-treated cells were stained nonspecifically with uranyl acetate. This showed that the normal amount of ribosomes was still bound but that they could not be seen when a probe specific only for albumin was used. It appears that nascent albumin can associate with its ribosome within the cytosol. Also, apparently after albumin passes through the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, it remains attached to its lumenal surface. A model incorporating cytosolic folding of albumin followed by its entropic membrane transit is presented. PMID- 7032364 TI - American Association of Anatomists. List of members 1981. PMID- 7032363 TI - An improved method for processing single cells for electron microscopy utilizing agarose. AB - An improved method is presented for processing single cells for electron microscopy. Agarose, which has a low (30 degrees C) gelling temperature, was used as an initial embedding medium for single cells (spermatozoa and oocytes) and dissociated cell preparations (luteal cells and spleen cells). Dispersed cells of corpus luteum, spleen, and epididymal spermatozoa were placed in 1.5% agarose after aldehyde fixation. These fixed cells, embedded in agarose, were packed into a dense pellet by centrifugation, postfixed, then embedded in Epon. Mammalian eggs were not centrifuged; instead, they were embedded in agarose discs. Cells embedded in agarose were cooled below 30 degrees C to allow for gelling, then processed for electron microscopy. Because agarose has a low gelling temperature, some heat-labile substances were preserved, as demonstrated by retention of peroxidase activity using the DAB histochemical method. The agarose embedding procedure is both rapid and facile, and has proven to be of value in the handling of fragile single cells for electron microscopic studies. PMID- 7032365 TI - [Determination of hormones in andrology]. PMID- 7032366 TI - Effects of intrapartum maternal glucose infusion on the normal fetus and newborn. AB - The effect of maternal intravenous glucose infusion on the newborn's glucose, insulin, and neurobehavioral performance was studied prospectively in 56 normal mother-newborn pairs. Maternal blood glucose levels at the time of delivery, umbilical venous blood glucose and insulin levels, and neonatal blood glucose levels were measured. Neurobehavioral assessment of the newborns was performed at 4 and 24 hours of life. The median value for total amount of glucose infused to the mother was 32.5 g, the median rate of glucose infusion was 8 g/h, and the median maternal blood glucose concentration at delivery was 110 mg/dl. Median umbilical venous blood glucose concentrations were 104 mg/dl and median insulin concentration was 15 microunits/ml. Six babies were hypoglycemic at 1 hour of age. Umbilical venous glucose and insulin levels correlated significantly (p less than 0.001) with the rate of glucose infusion to the mother and her blood glucose level. The incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia was significantly related (p less than 0.05) to a maternal blood glucose level greater than 120 mg/dl, to a glucose infusion rate of 20 g/hr or greater and to an umbilical venous insulin level of greater than 40 microunits/ml. There were no major differences in neurobehavior that distinguished hypoglycemic neonates. It is recommended that the normal parturient be given less than 20 g/hr of intravenous glucose before delivery and have a blood glucose level less than 120 mg/dl at the time of delivery. Newborns delivered to mothers with hyperglycemia or excessive glucose infusion should be tested for hypoglycemia at 1 and 2 hours of age. PMID- 7032367 TI - A new improved double-lumen tube adaptor. PMID- 7032368 TI - The ribbon arch. Its influence in the development of orthodontic appliances. PMID- 7032369 TI - Confirmation of the F2 allele in the bovine F blood group system. PMID- 7032370 TI - Concurrent administration of flunisolide nasal solution with beclomethasone dipropionate bronchial aerosol in patients with both rhinitis and asthma. AB - Twenty patients with asthma controlled by oral inhalations of beclomethasone dipropionate (400 micrograms/day) were treated for concurrent rhinitis by the addition of flunisolide nasal solution (300 micrograms/day) and its placebo for three weeks each in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. Flunisolide produced a statistically significant benefit for each symptom parameter: sneezing (p = 0.013), runny nose (p = 0.027), stuffy nose (p = 0.005 and over-all severity (p = 0.005). More concomitant rhinitis medication was used during placebo treatment (p = 0.069). Seventy percent of the patients had "total" or "substantial" control of nasal symptoms with flunisolide vs. 45% with placebo (p less than 0.01). Eighty percent felt that flunisolide was either the only active drug or the more active (p less than 0.01). Three morning plasma cortisol determinations during the last week of each treatment period showed no drug related effect. No nasal cultures were positive for Candida; the incidence of positive pharyngeal; cultures did not vary significantly. Adverse reactions consisted primarily of nasal burning and stinging; none was serious. In this group of twenty patients using inhalations of beclomethasone dipropionate for asthma, accompanying perennial rhinitis was substantially controlled by 300 micrograms of flunisolide nasal solution per day without significant additive effect on plasma cortisol levels or the incidence of overgrowth of Candida. PMID- 7032371 TI - Antibodies to inhalant fungal antigens in patients with asthma in Israel. AB - Thirty-eight of 97 asthmatic patients, seven of 26 normal subjects and two of 39 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were found to have antibodies to one or more of the inhalant fungi and candida antigens assayed by both immunodiffusion and counterimmune electrophoresis. Atopy was demonstrated in 33 of the 38 asthmatic patients with antibodies. Eleven asthmatics had anti alternaria antibodies while only two reacted to aspergillus. PMID- 7032372 TI - [Comparison of two methods of insulin determination: Enzymun-Test insulin (Boering) and 125I insulin RIA-KIT (BioMerieux) used as a reference]. PMID- 7032373 TI - Cardiac arrest from gas embolism in scuba diving. AB - The case of a scuba diver who suffered a cardiac arrest is presented. The history of a short, lucid interval after surfacing followed by cardiac arrest, the finding of hemoptysis, and the characteristic response to recompression therapy are consistent with the diagnosis of gas embolism. The clinical presentation and pathophysiology of gas embolism are discussed, and an approach to emergency stabilization and definitive management of gas embolism is reviewed, with emphasis on cardiac arrest. PMID- 7032374 TI - Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on lung compliance in dogs after acute alveolar injury. AB - We studied the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on lung compliance (CL) in 17 dogs during the early phase of acute alveolar injury induced by the subcutaneous administration of N-nitroso-N-methylurethane (NNNMU). The acute phase of this injury is characterized by necrosis of the alveolar epithelium and by decreased CL, which is caused by abnormal surface forces and which correlates with decreased alveolar surfactant lipids. During the control period and after NNNMU both CL decreased significantly with increments of PEEP (p less than 0.001) and plots of FRC versus PEEP had a rising curve with a decreasing slope. Static volume-pressure curves obtained in vivo in 6 dogs showed a rightward shift of the curve without increase of hysteresis after NNNMU. these data suggest that in the surfactant-deficient lung, PEEP predominantly causes overdistention of patent alveoli rather than recruitment of closed air spaces. The physiologic response of the NNNMU-injured lung to PEEP differs from that of severely edematous lungs but is similar to that of surfactant-deficient lungs of premature lambs. PMID- 7032375 TI - Sublethal damage of Escherichia coli by lung lavage. AB - Incubation of Escherichia coli (10(4)/ml) in cell-free rabbit lung lavage for 30 min at 37 degree C resulted in a 70% reduction in microbial counts on deoxycholate agar but no decrease on blood agar. This effect was not due to agglutination, and the order of exposure was important, i.e., activity was seen only if lavage incubation proceeded deoxycholate treatment. After high speed centrifugation of lung lavage (50,000 X g), activity remained in the supernatant and not in the surfactant pellet, Ultrafiltration of the supernatant (UM to filter) yielded an active ultrafiltrate and an inactive retent. Ultrafiltrate activity was unaffected by heating to 95 degrees C but could be removed by treatment with trypsin or bentonite. Sephadex G-15 fractionation of lyophilized ultrafiltrate yielded three active peptide peaks. Electron photomicrographs showed that incubation with the initial G-15 peak followed by deoxycholate resulted in the disappearance of intracellular material in about half the cells, a finding not seen with deoxycholate or peptide along, and EDTA reversed activity of the G-15 peptide and ultrafiltrate. Rabbit lung lavage contains a complex antimicrobial system that facilitates bile acid destruction of bacteria. PMID- 7032376 TI - A controlled trial of the use of single versus combined-drug therapy in the treatment of acute episodes of asthma. PMID- 7032377 TI - Effect of cardiac output on extravascular lung water. AB - Extravascular lung water (EVLW) and cardiac output (CO) were determined in 21 mongrel dogs using the thermal-green dye double indicator dilution technique. In 12 of the animals the renal vessels were ligated bilaterally to increase peripheral resistance and reduce cardiac output without altering actual EVLW. Measurements before and after renal pedicle ligation revealed an average 47 per cent decrease in cardiac output with an 11 per cent increase in measured lung water. In the remaining nine animals an external arteriovenous fistula was constructed to reduce afterload and increase cardiac output. In the baseline state, opening the fistula caused a 63 per cent increase in cardiac output with a simultaneous five per cent decrease in measured EVLW. This second group of animals was then given intravenous acid sufficient to cause 30-50 per cent increases in EVLW. Measurements of EVLW and CO with the fistula open and closed were continued for three hours. The inverse relation between cardiac output and EVLW continued. The results of these experiments show that cardiac output does exert a small effect on the measurement of EVLW. PMID- 7032378 TI - Steroid response in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - We compared a 2-week course of 32 mg/d methylprednisolone with placebo in a double-blind crossover trial in 46 well-characterized patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Placebo and steroid trials were separated by 2 weeks when no tablets were given. Response was assessed by measuring forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1.0). Placebo responses were normally distributed (mean, 0.8% change in FEV1.0; range, -30% to 33%). Six patients showed a greater than 50% increase of FEV1.0 in response to steroid; a seventh showed a 36% increase and an eighth, a 29% increase. Because of these patients the group as a whole showed a significantly greater FEV1.0 after steroid than after placebo. The eight steroid responders did not differ from nonresponders in age, sex, smoking history, or duration and intensity of symptoms including wheeze. Baseline lung function and eosinophilia of blood or sputum did not differ between the two groups. Patients who responded to steroids also responded to inhaled beta agonists: Acute bronchodilator response averaged 25% in steroid responders and 13% in nonresponders, a difference that was statistically significant although there was overlap between the two groups. PMID- 7032379 TI - Ineffectiveness of aspirin and dipyridamole in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Platelet-inhibiting drugs have been used widely in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura. Nineteen consecutive patients received various treatments including platelet inhibitors, glucocorticoid drugs, whole blood or plasma exchange transfusions, and splenectomy. During treatment with aspirin and dipyridamole in 14 patients, five died, and only one had neither new neurologic signs nor worsening thrombocytopenia. Prostacyclin in one patient was not beneficial. Serious bleeding complications, including massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, epistaxes, or subarachnoid hemorrhage confirmed at autopsy, occurred in five of the 19 patients and only during treatment with aspirin and dipyridamole. We conclude that there is no evidence for the effectiveness of aspirin and dipyridamole in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and that these drugs may increase the risk of serious bleeding complications. PMID- 7032380 TI - [Experimental microsurgery in transplantation of skin preserved by cooling]. PMID- 7032381 TI - [Chronic urticaria and monoclonal IgM : 5 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032382 TI - [Sea urchin spines synovitis. A case report with positive pasteurellosis antigen intradermoreaction (author's transl)]. AB - A case is reported of a 53 years old woman who injured proximal interphalangeal joint of the right fourth finger on a sea urchin spine. She developed an extensive arthritis after synovial biopsy with sequellar fourth and fifth paw fashioned fingers and a palmar fibrositis. The originality of this observation with typical clinical symptoms and characteristic synovial histology (giant cells granulomatous synovitis) is the combination of a pasteurellosis infection. The diagnosis of the last one can be based on the inoculation in extra-aquatic condition, the extension of arthritis and particularly the positivity of pasteurellosis antigen intradermoreaction. PMID- 7032383 TI - [Gougerot-Sjogren's syndrome in two univitelline twin sisters (author's transl)]. AB - Two univitelline twin sisters developed Gougerot-Sjogren's syndrome at 30 years of age. Immunity disorders were more significant in the sister with the more severe disorder, as demonstrated by sialography and scintigraphy. Among the immunological tests practiced, emphasis is placed on antinuclear antibody assay in the saliva, the authors finding no mention of this test in the published literature. Of particular interest is the negative result of histological examination of the accessory salivary glands, this contrasting with the close relationship between immunity and sialographic disturbances. The identical nature of the two sisters was confirmed by a study of the HLA systems, but this did not demonstrate the presence of the B8 marker, classically correlated with Gougerot Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 7032384 TI - [Hemochromatosis]. PMID- 7032385 TI - [Doctor Leon Marchand. 6 May 1873 - 22 June 1976]. PMID- 7032386 TI - [Child psychiatry in developing countries]. PMID- 7032387 TI - [Evaluation of a new device for psychiatric care: the sector]. PMID- 7032388 TI - [Psychiatric research in France]. PMID- 7032389 TI - [Evaluation of psychotherapeutic methods]. PMID- 7032390 TI - The biological effects of mineral fibres. PMID- 7032391 TI - [Central tumours of the jaw bones. Considerations about one case of a giant-cell tumour localized on the upper jaw, followed up for eight years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032392 TI - [The physical and biological unitary theory of Jean E. Charon]. PMID- 7032393 TI - [A surgical instrument forgotten: Valtolini's operating scissors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032394 TI - [The collection of identifying photographs of Criminal Antropology Museum in Turin: the photography as document and evidence of Cesare Lombroso's work (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032395 TI - [Vicissitudes of the University of Ferrara in the second half of the nineteenth century (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032396 TI - [The physiognomical and phrenological atlas of Mr. Ysabeau among those of Lavater and Gall and that of Lombroso]. AB - Authors present the almost unknown work by Ysabeau, with particular regard to the Physiognomic and Phrenologic Atlas. The most important pages and the 24 tables are reproduced. The history of such collections, from Lavater and Gall to our days, is critically reviewed. PMID- 7032397 TI - [Lobular neoplasia of the breast (author's transl)]. AB - Lobular Neoplasia of the breast, a term which we prefer to that of Lobular Carcinoma in Situ, is a multifocal microscopic entity of uncertain and controversial clinical significance. Lobular Neoplasia is a incidental histological finding among otherwise benign breast biopsies (0.5%-3.5%) depending mainly upon the diagnostic intensity. Its extent is rarely so massive that it makes up a palpable tumor. Although this lesion may be demonstrated at all ages after puberty it occurs most often in premenopausal women. The multicentricity is not below 70% and bilateral occurrence not below 30-35%. Demonstration of Lobular Carcinoma in situ means a 7-12 times greater risk of later developing invasive breast carcinoma as compared with an age corrected general population. Both breast are at risk and about one half of these subsequent carcinomas will develop in the controlateral breast. Attempts at correlating the histological appearances in Lobular Neoplasia with the subsequent occurrence of invasive breast carcinoma have generally be negative. From this data it appears that ipsilateral mastectomy will protect only one half of women with lobular neoplasia who will eventually develop carcinoma and the only surgical approach would perform a bilateral mastectomy. As an alternative to mastectomy, a careful program of frequent follow up examinations, when possible is preferable. PMID- 7032398 TI - Medical treatment of tinnitus. PMID- 7032399 TI - [Mixed connective tissue disease: Sharp syndrome]. PMID- 7032400 TI - [Human cutaneous alternariosis. 3 cases. Review of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present 3 new cases of dermal alternariosis, associated with one Hodgkin's disease and 2 kidney transplants. Review of the other cases of literature demonstrates the pathogenicity of this saprophytic fungus which becomes opportunistic mostly in case of immuno-deficiency. Clinical aspect is usually that of papulo-nodular, ulcerative or vegetating, unique or multiple lesions of limbs and head. Its course is very capricious, not infrequently chronic and extensive. The treatment is not yet well established. PMID- 7032401 TI - [Immuno-pathologic study of 4 cases of Zoon's balanoposthitis]. PMID- 7032402 TI - Reconstructive surgery of the mental canthal region. AB - The complexity of the medial canthal area is discussed and the importance of complete tumor removal with microscopically controlled excision emphasized.. Immediate reconstruction is recommended in most instances. Defects to be reconstructed are divided into nasal and eyelid sides of the medial canthal region and subdivided into superficial and deep defects. The reconstructive modalities used in the various defects are illustrated and the advantages and disadvantages of each explored. PMID- 7032403 TI - The split latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. AB - Consistent proximal branching of the latissimus dorsi neurovascular anatomy permits surgical splitting of the myocutaneous unit into two flaps. Either or both branches of the split flap can be independently transferred. Experimental and clinical applications of this flap, which illustrate several of its uses and advantages, are presented. Applications include simultaneous provision of cover and lining flaps for head and neck reconstruction, motor transfers with split muscle branches, preservation of motor function in the flap donor site with one split muscle branch, and microvascular free tissue transfer of the branched flap or of individual branches. PMID- 7032404 TI - A composite hair-bearing and non-hair-bearing sideburn flap. AB - A versatile and dependable composite hair-bering and non-hair-bearing flap is described that allows for immediate reconstruction in the highly visible temple and preauricular areas. A combined hair-bearing and non-hair-bearing flap is transferred from the postauricular region to the area of the temple and laterally to the orbit. Modification of the flap by harvesting additional tissue from the posterior conchal region assures greater reconstructive potential and variability. PMID- 7032405 TI - The deepithelialized hinged flap. PMID- 7032406 TI - As I remember: Clarence R. Straatsma. PMID- 7032407 TI - A simple skin graft dressing allowing early graft inspection. PMID- 7032408 TI - [An efficacious prevention of the atherosclerosis and its complications. It is possible? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032409 TI - [What could be expected of Dopplerian exploration of limbs? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032410 TI - [Myxoma of tricuspid valve. Apropos of a surgical case with a review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032411 TI - Metronidazole prophylaxis against wound infection in patients undergoing appendicectomy. AB - The effect of a preoperative single intravenous dose of metronidazole was studied in a prospective trial of 203 patients. 17.5% of the patients in the control group developed a wound infection compared with 3.4% of those receiving metronidazole (p less than 0.001). The average length of hospitalization and convalescence was significantly reduced in the metronidazole group. The use of metronidazole in prevention of wound infection is recommended. PMID- 7032412 TI - Surgical management of acute injury of the ligaments of the knee joint. AB - Objective loss of stability is the indication for surgical reconstruction of acute knee ligament injuries. The final diagnosis is established under anaesthesia preceding the operation. This examination also determines the incision and approach. All structures of the knee joint are checked, lesions are precisely reconstructed. This is done by fine sutures in the case of interligamentary ruptures, pull-out sutures with cruciate lesions present, and fixation plate reinsertions of avulsions with or without osseous flakes. Menisci torn from their capsular base should be reinserted whenever possible. Lesions of the cartilage call for adequate primary management. Incisions are closed subsequent to suction drainage. The leg is positioned in a splint in elevation. Early functional therapy is indicated. PMID- 7032413 TI - Tinidazole in the prophylaxis of post-appendicectomy infections. AB - A total of 223 consecutive suspected appendicitis patients were treated preoperatively with parenteral tinidazole or physiological saline (control group). An infusion of 500 mg tinidazole was given to 110 patients over 30 minutes beginning about 30 minutes before the start of the operation, the control group comprised 111 patients. Postoperative infections were diagnosed in three patients in the group receiving tinidazole (3%) and in 17 patients in the control group (15%). The difference was statistically significant. There were no side effects due to the drugs. Tinidazole appears to be well suited to the prophylaxis of post-appendicectomy infections. PMID- 7032414 TI - Sequential versus single aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass techniques. AB - Operative techniques for sequential and single aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass are presented and compared. There were 2.1 distal anastomoses per patient in the sequential saphenous vein bypass graft (SVBG) group (36 patients) and 2.0 in the single SVBG group (40 patients). There were no differences in total operating time or in cardiopulmonary bypass time. There was a significant difference (p less than 0.05) in total ischaemic cross-clamping time and in cross clamping time per anastomosis between the two groups in favour of single SVBG. Graft flow in the sequential SVBG group was superior to that in the single SVBG group (p less than 0.001). The mean total graft flow per heart in the single SVBG group was superior to that in the sequential SVBG group (p less than 0.01). PMID- 7032415 TI - [Immunological aspects of auto-immune thyroid diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Sufficient evidence exists to relate auto-immune thyroid diseases (including both Graves-Basedow's disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis) to primary disturbances of the lymphatic system. Currently available data underline the importance of immunological factors, either humoral or tissular, in the physiopathological expression of these diseases, their basic genetic disorder appearing to be a specific lack of "suppressor" T lymphocytes. This results in the survival and multiplication of an unwanted clone, appearing by chance, of "helper" T lymphocytes directed specifically towards the thyroid. These lymphocytes then cooperate with groups of previously existing appropriate B lymphocytes, which then produce immunoglobulins directed against the thyroid. Subtle genetic differences determine the appearance of either Graves-Basedow's disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis with their typical clinical manifestations. In fact, these subtle genetic differences between the different groups of patients with Graves-Basedow's disease may result in the total absence of immunity control (thus preventing any immunological remission) whereas partial lack may occur with the possibility of remission. The role of stress in the development of hyperthyroidism may be related to the effects of an aggression on a T lymphocyte population already partially deficient. PMID- 7032417 TI - A cortical network for directed attention and unilateral neglect. AB - Unilateral neglect reflects a disturbance in the spatial distribution of directed attention. A review of unilateral neglect syndromes in monkeys and humans suggests that four cerebral regions provide an integrated network for the modulation of directed attention within extrapersonal space. Each component region has a unique functional role that reflects its profile of anatomical connectivity, and each gives rise to a different clinical type of unilateral neglect when damaged. A posterior parietal component provides an internal sensory map and perhaps also a mechanism for modifying the extent of synaptic space devoted to specific portions of the external world; a limbic component in the cingulate gyrus regulates the spatial distribution of motivational valence; a frontal component coordinates the motor programs for exploration, scanning, reaching, and fixating; and a reticular component provides the underlying level of arousal and vigilance. This hypothetical network requires at least three complementary and interacting representations of extrapersonal space: a sensory representation in posterior parietal cortex, a schema for distributing exploratory movements in frontal cortex, and a motivational map in the cingulate cortex. Lesions in only one component of this network yield partial unilateral neglect syndromes, while those that encompass all the components result in profound deficits that transcend the mass effect of the larger lesion. This network approach to the localization of complex functions offers an alternative to more extreme approaches, some of which stress an exclusive concentration of function within individual centers in the brain and others which advocate a more uniform (equipotential or holistic) distribution. In human beings, unilateral neglect syndromes are more frequent and severe after lesions in the right hemisphere. Also, right hemisphere mechanisms appear more effective in the execution of attentional tasks. Furthermore, the attentional functions of the right hemisphere span both hemispaces, while the left hemisphere seems to contain the neural apparatus mostly for contralateral attention. This evidence indicates that the right hemisphere of dextrals has a functional specialization for the distribution of directed attention within extrapersonal space. PMID- 7032416 TI - [Negative relation between sodium intake and prolactinaemia in the normal subject (author's transl)]. AB - The different effects of sodium regimens administered over a period of five days were studied in 18 normal men, aged 21 to 27 years. As the dietary sodium increased, there was a parallel increase in osmolality, plasma volume, reabsorption of free water, and secretion of antidiuretic hormone. However, there was a decrease in plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone and urine aldosterone. All of these parameters correlated significantly with the urinary sodium. Plasma prolactin did not appear to be influenced by low, normal or high sodium regimens; its values being 3.1 +/- 1.1, 2.9 +/- 1.7, 2.7 +/- 1.2 ng/ml respectively at 9 AM in an upright position. Once more, there does not exist any correlation between the plasma prolactin levels and the parameters mentioned above. In conclusion, variations in dietary sodium do not influence plasma prolactin levels in the normal human being. PMID- 7032418 TI - A note on Martin's method of hair microtechnique for preparing cross section. PMID- 7032419 TI - Source and extent of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the paper industry. AB - Three pulp and paper mill processing plants were evaluated for fecal coliform and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial concentrations. Freshwater consumed by paper industries contained minimum detectable levels of K. pneumoniae, less than 10 organisms per 100 ml. Elevated concentrations of K. pneumoniae could be traced from early pulping stages to water processing reuse systems. Concentrations of K. pneumoniae (thermotolerant and thermointolerant) ranged from 40,000 organisms per 100 ml to an estimated 3 x 10(6) organisms per 100 ml. K. pneumoniae biotyping provided evidence for the selective growth and persistence of K. pneumoniae from the initial wood washing stages through to the final effluent discharge. Wastewater treatment had limited effects in reducing K. pneumoniae concentrations. K. pneumoniae levels ranged from 40 organisms per 100 ml to an estimated 10(6) organisms per 100 ml. The presence of K. pneumoniae in water indicates degraded water quality, and its significance with regard to human health effects has yet to be examined. PMID- 7032420 TI - Conjugal transfer of R-plasmid R1drd-19 in Escherichia coli below 22 degrees C. AB - The conjugal transfer of R-plasmids is known to occur at temperatures above 22 degrees C. We found that R1drd-19 is transferable below 22 degrees C, and we discuss this finding in the context of plasmid transfer in environmental waters. PMID- 7032421 TI - Limulus amoebocyte lysate and direct sampling methods for surveillance of operating nebulizers. AB - The Limulus amoebocyte lysate test for detection of endotoxin (Pyrogent; Mallinckrodt Chemical Co.) and the Easicult method (Orion Diagnostica) for detection of bacteria were compared with direct dilution sampling, a standardized technique for respiratory therapy surveillance previously developed in our laboratory. Tests of 206 reservoirs of nebulizers were done in three hospitals in Georgia. Forty-five percent of all reservoirs sampled were contaminated. Gram negative, nonfermentative bacilli were the predominant contaminants. The results of the Limulus test and the Easicult system were in agreement with those of the direct dilution sampling tests approximately 84 and 90% of the time, respectively. Direct dilution of water samples onto blood agar plates was the most sensitive, reliable, and informative method for detecting viable bacteria. The Easicult and Limulus systems were sensitive enough to detect greater than or equal to 10(3) colony-forming units per ml. Positive Limulus tests and negative culture tests, reflecting detection of endotoxin but not of viable gram-negative bacteria, occurred in 20 of 206 (9.7%) instances. Positive cultures and negative Limulus tests were noted in 13 of 206 (6.8%) samplings. The Limulus test is a valuable procedure, for it can detect moderate-to-heavy microbial contamination within 1 h of testing and affords the opportunity to remove contaminated equipment from patients within minutes of a positive test result. These results demonstrate the potential value of the Easicult and Limulus tests for selective surveillance of operating nebulizers. PMID- 7032422 TI - Prolonged survival of Serratia marcescens in chlorhexidine. AB - During an outbreak of Serratia marcescens infections at our hospital, we discovered widespread contamination of the 2% chlorhexidine hand-washing solution by S. marcescens. Examination by electron microscopy of the sides of bottles in which this solution was stored revealed that microorganisms were embedded in a fibrous matrix. Bacteria, free in the liquid, were morphologically abnormal, showing cell wall disruption or cytoplasmic changes. Furthermore, bacteria adherent to the walls of the storage jugs and embedded in this fibrous matrix also had morphologically abnormal cytoplasm. Despite these changes, viable S. marcescens organisms were recovered from the fluid during a storage period of 27 months. The concentration of chlorhexidine required to inhibit these strains of Serratia was 1,024 microgram/ml; however, the organism could survive in concentrations of up to 20,000 micrograms/ml. Additional studies are needed to define the mechanism(s) that allows such bacteria to contaminate and survive in disinfectants. PMID- 7032423 TI - Gram-negative, aerobic, enteric pathogens among intestinal microflora of wild turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) in west central Texas. AB - The prevalence of gram-negative bacterial species in the intestines of 20 apparently healthy turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) was determined. Edwardsiella tarda, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Salmonella, and Arizona hinshawii (Salmonella arizonae) were each recovered from 15% of these birds. Turkey vultures may be important reservoirs of these bacterial pathogens. PMID- 7032424 TI - Coexistence of localized bullous pemphigoid, morphea, and subcorneal pustulosis. AB - A subcorneal pustular dermatosis and a vesicobullous eruption with the clinical ad histologic features of localized bullous pemphigoid(BP) were observed in a 44 year-old woman with morphea and a recent history of phenytoin sodium-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. Localized BP is rare and has been previously described in association with other cutaneous disorders. The coexistence of localized BP, morphea, and subcorneal pustulosis suggests that immunologic factors may play a role in all three conditions. PMID- 7032425 TI - Immunofluorescence microscopic studies of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. AB - Direct immunofluorescence microscopic techniques were used to identify immunoglobulins and complement in the oral biopsy specimens of 22 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Ten (45%) of 22 patients demonstrated fluorescence along the basement membrane zone, and vascular fluorescence was seen in seven patients. These findings are in agreement with those of previous immunofluorescence microscopic studies of RAS and suggest the possibility that circulating immune complexes may play a role in the tissue damage seen in this disease. PMID- 7032426 TI - Bullous amyloidosis. AB - The distribution pattern of amyloid deposition varies greatly in systemic amyloidosis. In primary and myeloma-associated amyloidosis, skin manifestations are common. Three patients with myeloma-associated amyloidosis had bullae or signs of increased skin fragility caused by cleavage in extensive dermal amyloid deposits. The bullae in bullous amyloidosis are, therefore, unique since they are intradermal, not subepidermal. PMID- 7032427 TI - Studies on the infectivity of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites in experimental hosts. PMID- 7032428 TI - Specific antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes and trypomastigotes. PMID- 7032429 TI - [Human schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium and S. japonicum. Serological diagnosis by ELISA, immunofluorescence and indirect hemagglutination]. PMID- 7032430 TI - Sustained-release implants in the chemotherapy of experimental rodent malaria I. A comparison of the effects of some antimalarials in polydimethylsiloxane matrices. PMID- 7032431 TI - Sustained-release implants in the chemotherapy of experimental rodent malaria II. The effects of sulphadiazine, pyrimethamine and cycloguanil in biodegradable polymer matrices. PMID- 7032432 TI - A method for the isolation of Trichomonas hominis in axenic culture. PMID- 7032433 TI - Which cytospecies of the Simulium damnosum complex did Blacklock incriminate in the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus? PMID- 7032434 TI - alpha, 1-4 Glucosidase activity in human seminal plasma from normal, vasectomized, and subfertile men. AB - Neutral alpha, 1-4 glucosidase activity was assayed by a spectrophotometric method using p-nitro-phenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as the substrate in the seminal plasma of normal, vasectomized, and oligospermic men. The latter groups showed lower values than the controls. These results suggest that the main source of the alpha, 1-4 glucosidase activity is between the vasectomy site and the tubule, and that the enzyme is related to sperm density or to a spermatogenesis factor. PMID- 7032435 TI - Subcellular localization and biochemical properties of rat testicular alcohol- and aldehyde-dehydrogenase. AB - The biochemical properties and the subcellular distribution of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the rat testis is reported. Both enzymes are NAD-dependent. Testicular ADH activity was found in the nuclear and in the cytosolic fractions. Measurable ALDH was determined in the nuclear, mitochondrial, cytosolic and in the microsomal preparations. The major activity of ADH and ALDH were assayed in cytosol fraction. Cytosolic ALDH possesses lower Km than that determined in the mitochondrial and in the microsomal fractions. The results suggest the presence of multiple active form of testicular ALDH, possibly isoenzymes. PMID- 7032436 TI - [Alphonse Laveran and Charles Nicolle]. PMID- 7032437 TI - [Immuno-pathology of autoimmunization 1900 - 1980]. PMID- 7032438 TI - [Tick bites and paraspecific serologic reactions to Rickettsia conori]. AB - During 1979 and 1980, 757 sera were tested for the presence of anti-R. conori antibodies by immunofluorescence; 99 sera were positive. The origin of 28 seropositive cases was outside of continental France, 45 cases come from Southern regions of France, but 26 cases from the North of France. Cases of the first two groups showed mostly symptoms of spotted fever and the titers of the sera were increasing or single high. Cases from North of France presented only cutaneous lesions resembling erythema migrant and serotiters were always low and invariable. Today such seroreactions must be considered as paraspecific but a working hypothesis is discussed. PMID- 7032439 TI - Diagnostic leg scanning for deep venous thrombosis in the recently heparinized patient. AB - Leg scanning with fibrinogen I 125, either alone on in combination with other procedures, has been proposed as an alternative to venography for diagnosis of deep venous thrombi. Clinical circumstances may necessitate anticoagulation before scanning can be performed, which could alter its reliability. We have compared the results of scanning with venographic findings in heparinized patients with venous thromboembolism. Different criteria for an abnormal leg scan gave different sensitivities and specificities. During the first four days of scanning with a requirement for a persistently abnormal result, five of eight criteria had high specificity (greater than 92%). However, sensitivities did not exceed 55%. With the use of transiently abnormal results and six days of scanning, higher sensitivities were obtained but specificities were reduced. No criterion gave results considered acceptable for a diagnostic test for deep venous thrombosis. Leg scanning should therefore not be used for this purpose in patients who have received anticoagulants. Our results also suggest that duration of symptoms has little effect on the sensitivity of leg scanning and that the test is more reliable for establishing the presence of thrombus than at defining its location. PMID- 7032440 TI - Clinical decision analysis by personal computer. AB - Decision analysis is a useful clinical tool, but the calculational burden placed on the physician is a major impediment to its application. We have developed a computer program, implemented on a personal computer, that guides the physician in constructing and analyzing decision trees and simplifies the performance of sensitivity analysis, the process that assesses the probability and utility data used in an analysis. Senior physicians, subspecialty fellows, house staff, and students have used this program to analyze complex patient treatment problems. Because the calculational burden is shifted from physician to computer, trade offs between one clinical variable (eg, the chance that a given disease is present) and another (eg, the risk of treatment) can be rapidly conveniently assessed. This capability provides clinical insights that can be obtained only with great difficulty by previously available methods. PMID- 7032441 TI - Pruritus: pathogenesis, therapy, and significance in systemic disease states. AB - Pruritus is a cutaneous sensation sharing neural receptors and pathways with pain but is characterized by its own precipitants, potentiators, and range of severity. Among patients with generalized pruritus, the prevalence of systemic disease has been reported as 10% to 50%, with renal, hepatic, hematopoietic, or endocrine causes most commonly identified. Malignant neoplasms, neurologic disorders, certain drugs, or advanced age also may be responsible. Although the pathogenesis of pruritus is unknown, clinically AG event potential mediators have been investigated in several settings. Therapy often fails when the underlying disorder cannot be corrected, but por pruritus associated with chronic renal failure or hepatic cholestasis, specific and usually effective treatments exist. PMID- 7032442 TI - Pathophysiology of acute and chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7032443 TI - Hypertension in a patient with hypercalcemia: captopril and verapamil. AB - A 38-year-old woman with hypercalcemia, severe hypertension, and high renin levels was treated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. This therapy, together with spironolactone, normalized blood pressure (BP), but even with three daily administrations of the converting enzyme inhibitor, intermittent rebound hypertension could not be avoided. The administration of only verapamil, an antagonist of calcium transport, did not induce BP control, but when verapamil therapy was combined with administration of captopril and spironolactone, BP could be normalized with only twice-daily administration of the converting enzyme inhibitor. Thus, high plasma calcium levels seem to sensitize the arterioles to the intermittent increase of angiotensin II levels that accompanies captopril therapy. PMID- 7032444 TI - Transfusion malaria: treatment with exchange transfusion after delayed diagnosis. AB - A 65-year-old woman was rehospitalized for increasing mental confusion 16 days after open heart surgery for mitral stenosis. A diagnosis of transfusion-acquired falciparum malaria was made from a routine peripheral blood smear 24 hours after admission. Because progressive encephalopathy developed while she was receiving antimalarial drugs, a therapeutic exchange transfusion was performed. Clinical improvement occurred promptly during the exchange, and the patient went on to complete recovery from her malaria. The putative blood donor involved met the currently accepted standards for blood donors. PMID- 7032445 TI - The use and abuse of diuretics. PMID- 7032446 TI - Neuroendocrine aspects of the olfactory function. PMID- 7032447 TI - [Histocompatibility reaction in repeated skin grafts in Triturus cristatus carniflex Laur]. PMID- 7032448 TI - The present status of immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy of cancer. AB - A number of immunodiagnostic procedures in cancer is clinically important in the sense that the tests may confirm the results of other cancer diagnostic investigations. However, each one of the tests has its own area of application. Immunodiagnostic tests are used for the detection of relapse or metastases as well as for the histological verification of the tumor. A mass screening for tumors in the population and most probably the early tumor diagnosis by immunological means is impossible due to biological variables among the tumor bearers and to technical difficulties. Immunotherapy of tumors is still at an experimental stage. Although immunization is possible to animal tumors convincing data on similar effects in the human tumor system do not exist as yet. This conclusion is based on immunization experiments with adjuvants as well as with tumor preparations, transfer factor, thymosin, or immune RNA. The fact that tumor cytotoxic and tumor cytostatic immunological mechanisms do occur even in the human tumor system is a stimulus for future approaches. PMID- 7032449 TI - Preliminary characterization of a colon tumour tissue preparation used in macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test1. AB - A 3M KC1-extract on nine samples of colon carcinomas was freed from human serum proteins by immunoadsorption. Both the KC1-extract and the immunoadsorbed preparation of this KC1-extract were used in MEM test and gave characteristic reaction patterns. The two preparations were compared and preliminarily characterized by immunological and electrophoretical methods. PMID- 7032450 TI - Clinical significance of leukocyte adherence inhibition assay in early detection of breast cancer. PMID- 7032451 TI - Lymphocyte sensitization detected by the macrophage electrophoretic mobility assay in patients with renal cell carcinoma: Theophylline increases the sensitivity of the assay. AB - An antigen-induced release of a macrophage slowing factor (MSF) by peripheral blood lymphocytes was used to evaluate lymphocyte sensitization to various antigens in 30 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and in 14 normal individuals. Twenty-three of 30 (77%) patients with RCC, but no healthy controls were found to be sensitized to a soluble antigen prepared from an allogeneic kidney tumor by 3 M potassium chloride extraction. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from some patients with RCC displayed sensitization to protein isolated from fetal kidney (6 of 24; 25%), control "normal" kidney (6 of 30; 20%) and urinary bladder carcinoma (3 of 21; 14%) tissues. It has been suggested that cyclic adenosine 3' ,5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) could play a role in the mechanism of the MSF action (24). In agreement with this idea, the presence of 10-4 M theophylline enhanced the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) reduction caused by MSF. Furthermore, the DNA synthesis in lymphocytes (monitored by measuring the uptake of tritiated thymidine) on contact with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was depressed in 9 of 21 (43%) patients with RCC as compared with healthy controls. PMID- 7032452 TI - Mode of proliferation of gonadotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary after castration--immunocytochemical and autoradiographic studies. AB - There are three possibilities concerning the mechanism of increase in number of gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary after castration: one is the cell division by mitosis of matured gonadotrophs, another is the differentiation of immature cells, and the third is conversion of some other cell types into gonadotrophs. In order to determine the above possibilities, light and electron microscopic examinations using a combination of immunocytochemistry and autoradiography were performed. Normal and castrated adult male rats were used. Morphometry indicated that a highly increased population of gonadotrophs reacted with anti-LH beta serum after castration. Increased numbers of mitoses and elevated incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the nuclear chromatin were observed in both anti-LH beta reactive cells and other pituitary cells after castration. Electron microscopic immunocytochemical observations demonstrated the presence of immature cells with a few immunoreactive secretory granules in the castrated pituitary. It is considered that mitosis is a major factor for proliferation of gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary after castration, but the possibility of differentiation from immature cells into gonadotrophs cannot be ruled out. The third possibility could not be proven in this study. PMID- 7032453 TI - Removal of extracellular materials by HCL-tween treatment. AB - Glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues were treated with HCl and tween 20 to remove such extracellular materials as collagen fibers and basal laminae. In the HCl treatment the collagen fibers were digested, while in the tween-treatment the basal laminae were removed. By this method the basal interdigitations of cells of the proximal tubule and the pericytes on th capillary wall were clearly demonstrable by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PMID- 7032454 TI - OKT 6-positive cells: their demonstration in human thymus, and the effect of fixation on the immunoperoxidase reaction. AB - Human thymocytes at an intermediate stage of differentiation were demonstrated in situ in tissue sections of thymus using the mouse monoclonal antibody OKT 6 THY (Ortho Immunobiology Ltd, Raritan, NJ) and the immunoperoxidase technique. These cells were found to reside mainly within the thymic cortex. The effects of on slide fixation on the ease of demonstration of the antigen involved were assessed. The choice of fixative was found to have a marked effect, acetone and paraformaldehyde producing the most satisfactory results. PMID- 7032455 TI - Delayed autogenous bone graft--experimental study in dogs. PMID- 7032456 TI - [The fixateur-externe-osteosynthesis without osseous support (external distance osteosynthesis) in the lower limbs. Biomechanic, surgical and osteoplastic basic principles (author's transl)]. AB - The stability of external distance osteosynthesis for complete tibia and femur defects rests solely on the rigidity of the external support. The rigidity of the external support is an function of the mechanical data of its individual elements, of the hold between the bone and the other system, as well as of the individually optimized construction form. The response of an osseous contact area which is not resistant to compression when external osteosynthesis is applied is mechanically similar to the response to distance osteosynthesis in the presence of a defect. The basic application rules for distance osteosynthesis of the lower limbs are given. The symmetric frame fixator applied in a three-dimensional arrangement is indicated for tibia defects. External distance osteosynthesis of femur defects can only be recommended when plate osteosynthesis alone or plate osteosynthesis in conjunction with a bracket fixator are out of the question. The various application forms for external osteosynthesis of femur defects are described and their indication with respect to knee function given. Although none of the construction forms for defects in the tibia and especially in the femur can eliminate mechanical interfragmental movement of the main fragments, their clinical use has been successfully established; however, surgical and osteoplastic measures must ensure more and more biological stability with time. The necessary surgical techniques and procedures are described. Whereas even extensive defects of the femur can be bridged exclusively with autologous cancellous bone, varied measures are required for the lower leg, depending on the various individual conditions. Should the direct bridging of the main tibia fragments not be appropriate, fibular-tibial synostosis is necessary. The various options for such fibular-tibial osteoplasty which may be required, depending on the individual case, are described. PMID- 7032457 TI - Intellectual function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: the influence of penicillamine. AB - No effect of penicillamine upon intelligence was found in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy when compared to placebo administered in a double-blind fashion. All children, however, showed a significant progressive decline in intelligence quotient. An analysis of mental age showed no change over a 24-month period, suggesting that a static intellectual deficit exists. These data support other findings of a central nervous system dysfunction in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7032458 TI - [Indications and long-term results of stereotactic operations in therapy resistant epilepsy (author's transl)]. AB - Stereotactic functional surgery was performed on 45 patients with predominantly temporal epilepsy. Results of up to 24 years (= 5.85 +/- 2.25 years) are reported. Depending on the type of seizure and after careful analysis of the EEG focus, the frequency and intensity of the various seizure types, as well as personality and behavior disturbances, can be improved in more than two-thirds of the cases. This improvement is achieved by combining different target points with coagulation of the subcortical motor and senso-motor centers and neuronal structures, thereby cutting off the mostly double-track corticosubcortical connections PMID- 7032459 TI - System degeneration of the thalamus. A clinico-neuropathological study. AB - A case of essential degeneration of the thalamus is reported. The patient was a 43-year-old Japanese male, who, a few weeks after mild head trauma, suffered from forgetfulness, psychomotor slowing, and Korsakoff's syndrome. Four to five months later, there were optical hallucinations and delirium and he died 19 months after the onset of symptoms. Neuropathological examination revealed symmetrical thalamic degeneration, whose distribution corresponded to phylogenetically younger subunits of the thalamus. In addition, there was olivovermian degeneration. These findings are identical to those of eleven cases hitherto reported. Five of these were Japanese, including the present one. The syndrome thalamic degeneration may now be classified as a special type of "system degeneration". PMID- 7032460 TI - [Hormone changes during the sirocco]. AB - The results of a study of 15 subjects on the occasion of a sirocco wind are reported. Behaviour of ARP, aldosteronaemia, cortisolaemia, Ht and serum electrolytes was assessed. A significant increase in ARP, aldosteronaemia and Ht was observed during the sirocco, while serum electrolytes went down. Cortisolaemia did not perform uniformly, increasing in some subjects and falling in others. PMID- 7032461 TI - [Current knowledge of the etiopathogenesis and classification of infantile rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7032462 TI - [Hemorheological factors and metabolic parameters in a group of diabetic subjects]. AB - Blood viscosity factors and some metabolic parameters were estimated in thirty eight insulin-treated diabetics. The evaluation was carried out on admission and after eight weeks of controlled therapy. From this study it follows that blood viscosity factors do not permit us to distinguish, at these two stages, diabetics with complications from diabetics without while there is this possibility at the initial observation in diabetics subdivided for sex. Furthermore there are no significant variations, except for the haematocrit, of the average of blood viscosity factors and metabolic parameters at the initial and final observation. Very interesting is the negative relation between the Vrbc, parameter which studies the erythrocyte deformability, and the red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) that seems more evident in diabetics with complications. Contrary to what has been reported in literature no relation between Vrbc and glycosylated haemoglobin (GHb) is present. PMID- 7032463 TI - [Sodium phosphocreatine and the cardiovascular and respiratory systems]. AB - In the dog, rat and chick, phosphocreatine-Na has not caused, from an experimental point of view, significative modifications of the cardiovascular- and respiratory-apparatus, of the reactivity of the cardio-regulator centers, of the baroreceptorial carotid-sinus and glomus reactivity, of the gangliar-, muscarinic-, histaminergic-, dopaminergic-, beta-adrenergic- and serotoninergic- vasomotor reactivity; only the vasomotor reactivity of a constrictive-type induced by epinephrine, nor-epinephrine, occlusion of the two common carotid arteries, hypertension and by BaCl2 is moderately reduced. It is interesting to note that the hypotensive response evoked by adenosine was augmented. PMID- 7032464 TI - Is homosexuality familial? A review, some data, and a suggestion. AB - This report summarizes evidence that sexual orientation is familial. Family studies report that homosexual subjects have more homosexual siblings than do heterosexual subjects and more than would be expected given population frequencies. Twin studies find in general a higher concordance in sexual orientation among monozygotic than among dizygotic twins. Evidence for associated psychopathology in homosexual subjects or their relatives is inconclusive. Possible sources of bias in these reports are discussed and a suggestion is offered that family studies should be undertaken in which the sexual orientation of relatives would be directly ascertained by interview. PMID- 7032465 TI - Saphenous vein interposition grafts in the microsurgical treatment of cerebral ischemia. AB - Saphenous vein interposition grafts of varying lengths have been used in 25 extracranial-intracranial bypasses since 1974. Indications for operation included transient ischemic episodes (13 cases), prophylactic augmentation of middle cerebral artery (MCA) collateral flow prior to surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysm (four), and traumatic occlusion of cervical or intracranial internal carotid arteries (eight). Vein grafts to cortical branches of MCA originated from superficial temporal or occipital arteries in ten cases, common or external carotid arteries in ten, and subclavian or innominate vessels in five. Twenty-one patients have been followed up for a minimum of 12 months. Immediate patency rate was 84%; one late graft occlusion decreased overall patency to 80%. There was one operative mortality. Early technical problems, including donor-recipient size disparity, anastomotic distortion, and inappropriate graft routing, have been overcome by the use of 2-mm veins, the avoidance of hydrostatic dilation, and the construction of retroauricular tunnels. It is reasonable to assume that long-term patency of these reconstructions will parallel that of extracranial-intracranial bypasses using autologous arteries. PMID- 7032466 TI - Will serum lipid lowering treatment reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease? AB - The question whether serum lipid lowering treatment will reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) has been a matter of intense debate during the last few years. When analysing the results from the major preventive trials, it can be concluded that there is no unequivocal evidence that lipid lowering treatment will reduce the death rate in CHD. However, the great majority of the trials performed have shown a reduced number of CHD deaths in the treatment group, compared with the control group. There is strong evidence that lipid lowering treatment of hyperlipidaemic patients will reduce the incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarctions. This reduction is directly proportional to the degree of cholesterol lowering achieved. PMID- 7032467 TI - [N. M. Iakubovich, 1st Russian histologist]. PMID- 7032468 TI - [Fixation of the lungs against a background of measured excursions]. PMID- 7032469 TI - [Statistical support for the optimal sampling volume in morphological studies]. PMID- 7032470 TI - [Changes in the structural heterogeneity of surviving nerve cells]. AB - Heterogeneity in distribution of the dry substance mass (protein) in normal and reactively altered isolated neurons has been studied in vital investigations by means of interference microscopy and microspectrophotometry. It has been demonstrated that at a reactive reconstruction neuroplasmic substances undergo rearrangement, resulting in increased heterogeneity. In peripheral juxtamembranous parts neuroplasmic colloids are divided separating the hydrated zone with a low content of protein and forming made that an increasing adhesion of the juxtamembranous proteins could result in their aggregation with protein complexes of the transmembranous ionic canals, that affects the specific electrogencic function of the neuron. PMID- 7032471 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of corrosion preparations]. PMID- 7032472 TI - [Various current questions concerning the history of morphology (in reference to the articles by V. Ch. Brzheskii and V. P. Mikhailov)]. PMID- 7032473 TI - [In memory of Aleksandr Anatol'evich Otelin]. PMID- 7032474 TI - [Cytoskeleton of endothelial cells, its functional significance and technics for studying it]. PMID- 7032475 TI - Recent advances in cancer cytogenetics. AB - Recent technologic advances in human cancer genetics may provide valuable new tools in the diagnosis and prognosis of human cancer. Two new techniques, premature chromosome condensation (PCC), and the cloning of human tumor stem cells in agar, are described. It is suggested that as substantial progress occurs in our understanding of chromosome structure and function, additional clinically useful insights into the genetic basis and nature of cancer will be gained. PMID- 7032476 TI - [Mitotic regimen of different histological variants of lymphosarcoma]. AB - Mitotic regimen of lymphosarcoma (75 observations), angiofollicular hyperplasia (5) and reactive hyperplasia of lymph nodes of the follicular type (34 observations--a group for comparison) was studied. The mitotic regimen values of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas were found to vary in accordance with the morphological variant of the tumor. A higher mitotic activity in combination with high frequency and diversity of forms of mitosis pathology was typical of lymphoblast and immunoblast lymphosarcomas only. Prolymphocytic lymphosarcomas showed a relatively low mitotic activity. Lymphosarcoma with nodular growth showed a considerable decrease in mitotic activity as compared with nodular reactive hyperplasia. The emergence of multipolar mitoses is a reliable diagnostic sign of nodular lymphosarcoma. PMID- 7032478 TI - [Jaroslav Hlava, founder of the Czechoslovak school of pathologoanatomists]. PMID- 7032477 TI - [Method of studying internal tissue structure under the scanning electron microscope with frozen and paraffin sections]. AB - Frozen and paraffin sections may be used for the study of the inner structure of organs and tissues in scanning electron microscope; this increases the value of this instrument and gives a lot of new information. The new method gives a good view of the alveolar (arch) structure of the heart valves which appears to be the morphological foundation of their durability and elasticity. There are reasons to believe that connective tissue in different parts of the body is characterized by the alveolar (cellular) structure which seems to be the morphological foundation of its supporting function. The dynamic loading forms and creates the organ specificity of the connective tissue stroma. Like honeycombs, the connective tissue consists of cells the formation of which is significantly affected by the features of dynamic loading on the tissue or and organ. PMID- 7032479 TI - [Tumor field]. AB - Data from the literature "pro" and "contra" the concept of tumor field of Willis are presented. The examples demonstrate the competence of regularities of formal genesis of certain tumors reflected by the concept of the field indicating the necessity of further studies of histo- and morphogenesis of neoplasia from the point of view of this concept. PMID- 7032480 TI - [Systems analysis in pathology and its potential use in studying the morphogenesis of infections]. AB - A total systems approach is necessary to draw in integral concept of the pathological process as exemplified by investigations of morphogenesis of the infectious process. For this purpose a concept of the Mm-system is introduced and analysed which helps to study the infectious process as a special object: a system of microbial population (m) and macroorganism cells (M). The ontogenesis of the Mm-system is suggested consisting of 3 stages: formation, existence, and death. Considering the infectious process from the systemic point of view the author found many microbe-host cell interactions observed in infections to be characteristic not for the infectious pathology but to the particular manifestations of well-known but frequently ignored general biological regularities. A number of models of infectious diseases demonstrate the earliest morphological changes of the disturbed homeostasis in tissues containing microbes and the associated features of the infectious process. Comparing the time evolution of the Mm-system with the course of real infectious processes, one may approach the solution of some disputable aspects of the pathogenesis of infections, in particular, to elucidate the importance of intracellular accumulation of microbes observed in enteric infections. The Mm-system concept may find practical application in explaining pathomorphosis of infectious lesions under conditions of current methods of intensive specific therapy as well as in evaluating the mechanism of action of drugs when tested on models. PMID- 7032481 TI - [Pathogenesis and pathomorphology of human leukodystrophies]. AB - A review of foreign literature on the pathogenesis and pathomorphology of hereditary diseases of the human nervous system with the myelin involvement is presented. Five forms of leukodystrophies are mainly dealt with: (1) metachromatic, with the defect of their deposition in the form of a metachromatic substance; (2) globoid, with deficiency of galactoceramide beta-galactase enzyme catabolizing cerebrozides and with accumulation of the latter, particularly in the forming "globoid" cells; (3) sudanophilic, with sudanophilic degeneration of the myelin and obscure defect of the enzyme; (4) Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease with insularly intact myelin; and (5) adrenoleukodystrophy with sudanophilic degeneration of the myelin and involvement of the adrenals. All the forms of leukodystrophies by the time of the onset of the disease are divided into prenatal, late infantile, juvenile, and adult. PMID- 7032482 TI - [Demyelinating processes of a viral nature]. AB - Demyelination processes due to viral infections (encephalomyelitis induced by mouse hepatitis virus, Theiler's encephalomyelitis, canine distemper, and marek's disease) were simulated in laboratory animals to study the corresponding human diseases (multiple sclerosis, multifocal leucoencephalopathy, Guillain-Barre's syndrome). The following mechanisms of tissue injury are discussed: (1) viral damage of myelin-supporting cells, (2) demyelination occurring as a side effect of specific and non-specific inflammatory reactions to the viruses persisting in the nervous system, (3) autoimmune reaction triggered by virus infection. Special attention is paid to the role of virus agents in the development of these processes. PMID- 7032483 TI - An immunofluorescence study of age-dependent changes in localization of epidermal growth factor in the submandibular salivary glands of mice. PMID- 7032484 TI - The prevalence and distribution of dental caries in a Romano-British population. PMID- 7032485 TI - Fatal meningitis due to Serratia marcescens after stapedectomy. AB - Meningitis and septicemia due to Serratia marcescens developed in a patient postoperatively after stapedectomy. The infection with this organism is rare but has to be considered in differential diagnosis of bacterial meningitis because the early treatment with intrathecal administration of antibiotics may be lifesaving. Most of the reported cases of meningitis due to Serratia were due to S marcescens. PMID- 7032486 TI - Immunofluorescence localizations of proteins in semithin 0.2--1 micron frozen sections of the ear. A report of improved techniques including gelatin encapsulation and cryoultramicrotomy. AB - The present work describes a high resolution technique for locating proteins in frozen sections of the inner ear by immunofluorescence. Dissected organs are encapsulated in gelatin, and sections 0.1--1 micron thick are cut at --100 degrees C in a cryoultramicrotome. These are labelled with antibodies against two cytoskeletal proteins, actin and tubulin. Actin, which had previously only been described in the sensory cells, is found in the supporting cells as well. Tubulin is identified in the supporting cells and in outer spiral nerve fibres. PMID- 7032487 TI - Breathing and power in nursing. PMID- 7032488 TI - The Archibald Watson Memorial Lecture: our honoured anatomists. PMID- 7032489 TI - The treatment of second degree haemorrhoids by injection, rubber band ligation, maximal anal dilatation, and haemorrhoidectomy: a prospective clinical trial. AB - One hundred and twenty patients with confirmed second degree haemorrhoids were randomly allocated to four treatment groups; injection, rubber band ligation, maximal anal dilatation, and haemorrhoidectomy. Each groups consisted of 30 patients. All patients were regularly followed up for at least one year. Assessment at one year showed that haemorrhoidectomy "cured" the haemorrhoids in 29 out of 30 patients. Rubber band ligation relieved 25 out of 30 and maximal anal dilatation 24 out of 30. Injection was the least effective treatment, and relieved 18 of the 30 patients, with a cure rate of 60% only. Haemorrhoidectomy caused pain in all cases, anal stenosis in two, postoperative haemorrhage in two, and the patients required an average hospital stay of 11.5 days and an average of a further 15.5 days off work. Rubber band ligation was painless in 26 patients out of 30, and maximal anal dilatation was painless in 25 our of 30. There were no postoperative complications in the latter two treatment groups. Haemorrhoidectomy is good in "curing" the disease, but the higher possibility of postoperative pain and complications and longer hospital stay would not justify its use in the treatment of second degree haemorrhoids. Both rubber band ligation and maximal anal dilatation are effective and relatively free from complications. Rubber band ligation has the additional advantage of not requiring hospital stay or anaesthesia and is therefore considered to be the most appropriate method of treatment for second degree haemorrhoids. PMID- 7032490 TI - Single-layer continuous colorectal anastomosis. AB - Since the first successful resection of a colonic neoplasm was carried out in 1823, many attempts have been made to find the ideal technique for bowel anastomosis, in respect both of the surgical technique employed and the suture material used. We have finally adopted a single layer anastomosis with a continuous polypropylene suture. To out knowledge, no series of such anastomoses has so far been reported, and we now review our technique, first described by Allen in 1979, and our very satisfactory experiences following our adoption of it for virtually all colorectal anastomoses above the peritoneal reflection. PMID- 7032491 TI - Primary histiocytic lymphoma of the bladder. PMID- 7032492 TI - The Founders of the College. PMID- 7032493 TI - Newcastle disease virus in Australia. PMID- 7032494 TI - Competitive exclusion of intestinal colonization of Escherichia coli in chicks. AB - A native gut microflora of chickens that protected chicks against Salmonella was evaluated against six pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli using similar methodology. Nalidixic-acid-resistant forms of the E. coli strains were derived for use in seeder-bird and individual-bird challenge tests. A substantial degree of exclusion of intestinal colonization of each of the six pathogenic strains of E. coli was secured in chicks that had been treated with native gut microflora. E. coli appeared to colonize chiefly the crop and cecum. Native gut microflora limited to a much lesser degree the "normal" E. coli present in the intestinal tract of test chicks. The mechanism of protection appears to be similar to that for Salmonella: native gut microflora and E. coli competed for sites of attachment. PMID- 7032495 TI - Some measurements of protection against paratyphoid Salmonella and Escherichia coli by competitive exclusion chickens. PMID- 7032496 TI - Aerospace Medical Association. Directory. PMID- 7032497 TI - Immunocytochemistry in diagnostic histopathology: its contributions and limitations. AB - Immunocytochemical techniques are highly sensitive and highly specific methods which demonstrate a wide variety of cellular and extracellular antigens in tissue sections. The techniques have been successfully applied to histopathological materials and have been an important tool for pathologists in understanding functional and/or histogenetic aspects of diseases. Two major limitations in immunocytochemistry are preservation of antigens in tissues sections and availability of highly specific primary antibodies. Further improvements, quality control and standardization are necessary in order to make these powerful methods more reliable and reproducible. PMID- 7032498 TI - [Attempts to colonize Enterobacteriaceae in the intestinal flora of granivorous birds]. PMID- 7032499 TI - [Determination of serum T4 content in turkeys by the "Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay" (EMIT)]. PMID- 7032500 TI - [Usefulness of Enterotube II for identification of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from animal specimen]. PMID- 7032501 TI - [Echinococcosis]. PMID- 7032502 TI - [Treatment of helminthiasis in ruminants--a review]. PMID- 7032503 TI - [Isospora infections in dogs and cats]. PMID- 7032504 TI - [Measures for prevention of endoparasitic diseases in stables]. PMID- 7032505 TI - The specificity of macrophage elastase on the insulin B-chain. AB - The specificity of macrophage elastase obtained from mouse peritoneal exudative macrophages was determined in the hydrolysis of the oxidized insulin B-chain. This elastase hydrolysed two bonds, namely Ala-Leu and Tyr-Leu. The rate of hydrolysis of the latter was two to three times greater than that of the former. The hexapeptide Glu-Ala-Leu-Tyr-Leu-Val, obtained by cleavage of the insulin B chain, was not hydrolysed by macrophage elastase. When EDTA was present, proteolysis of the B-chain was not observed. The macrophage elastase is therefore different from the neutrophil elastase in specificity and mechanism. PMID- 7032506 TI - The organization of formate dehydrogenase in the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli. AB - The arrangement of the proton-translocating formate dehydrogenase of the anaerobic respiratory chain of Escherichia coli within the cytoplasmic membrane was examined by direct covalent modification with non-membrane-permeant reagents. Three methods were employed, lactoperoxidase-catalysed radioiodination, labelling with diazotized [125I] di-iodosulphanilic acid and labelling with diazobenzene [35S] sulphonate. All three procedures yield consistent with the view that the two larger subunits of the enzyme, Mr 110000 and 32000, both occupy transmembranous locations within the membrane. In each case the modification of the Ca2+ or Mg2+-activated F1-ATPase was monitored, and all reagents employed correctly located this enzyme at the cytoplasmic face of the membrane. A procedure involving agglutination with specific antibodies is described which appears to fractionate membrane vesicles of mixed orientation into two populations, one with the same membrane orientation as that of spheroplasts and the other opposite orientation. PMID- 7032508 TI - The role of the arginine-B22 residue in insulin action. AB - We describe the modification of the side chain of the arginine-B22 residue of insulin by the N8N9-(1, 2-dihydroxycyclohex-1,2-ylene) group and by the adipoyl group. These are the first insulin derivatives described that contain a modified arginine residue in an otherwise unaltered molecule. When tested for their ability to lower blood sugar concentration, both modified insulins showed a specific activity indistinguishable from that of insulin. In view of the fact that the substituent groups involved are very bulky and in one case of opposite charge to that of the side chain, the retention of biological activity casts doubt on the idea, previously generally accepted, that the arginine-B22 residue is essential to the activity of the hormone. PMID- 7032507 TI - Intramolecular coupling of active sites in the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes from bacterial and mammalian sources. AB - A simple method was developed for assessing the intramolecular coupling of active sites in the lipoate acetyltransferase (E2) component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes from Escherichia coli, Bacillus stearothermophilus and ox heart and pig heart mitochondria. Samples of enzyme complex were prepared in which the pyruvate decarboxylase (E1) component was selectively and partly inhibited by treatment with increasing amounts of a transition-state analogue, thiamin thio-thiazolone pyrophosphate. The fraction of the E2 component acetylated by incubation with [2-14C] pyruvate, in the absence of CoA, was determined for each sample of partly inhibited enzyme and was found in all cases to exceed the fraction of overall complex activity remaining. This indicated the potential for transacetylation reactions among the lipoic acid residues within the E2 core. A graphic presentation of the data allowed comparison of the active-site coupling in the various enzymes, which may differ in their lipoic acid content (one or two residues per E2 chain). It is clear that active-site coupling is a general property of pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes of octahedral and icosahedral symmetries, the large numbers of subunits in each E2 core enhancing the effect. PMID- 7032509 TI - The rate-determining step in the liver alcohol dehydrogenase- catalysed reduction of acetaldehyde is an isomerization of the enzyme. PMID- 7032510 TI - Changes in membrane proteins associated with inhibition of the general amino acid permease of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). AB - The general amino acid permease ('Gap') system of the wild-type yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) strain Y185 is inhibited by the uptake and accumulation of its substrate amino acids. Surprisingly, this inhibition persists even after 'pools' of amino acids, accumulated initially, have returned to normal sizes. Recovery from this inhibition depends on a supply of energy and involves the synthesis of a membrane protein component of the Gap system. PMID- 7032511 TI - A comparative study of the regulation of Ca2+ of the activities of the 2 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase from a variety of sources. AB - Ca2+ was shown to activate oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase from heart and other rat tissues by markedly decreasing the Km values of the enzymes for their respective substrates [see Denton & McCormack (1980) FEBS Lett. 119, 1-8]. Similar effects of Ca2+ were observed in the present study with both enzymes from other vertebrate sources (pigeon, trout, frog and human heart), but not with the enzymes from blowfly or locust flight muscle, or potato or Escherichia coli. In contrast, the Km values of the oxoglutarate dehydrogenases were affected by ADP, ATP and H+ to a similar extent in every case, except for the enzyme from E. coli, which was not sensitive to regulation by these agents. PMID- 7032512 TI - Aspects of adipose-tissue metabolism in foetal lambs. AB - 1. The mean volume of adipocytes, the rates of fatty acid and acylglycerol glycerol synthesis from various precursors (in vitro), the rates of oxidation of acetate and glucose (in vitro) and the activities of lipoprotein lipase and various lipogenic enzymes were determined for perirenal adipose tissue from foetal lambs during the last month of gestation. 2. The fall in the rate of growth of perirenal adipose tissue during the last month of gestation is associated with a diminished capacity for fatty acid synthesis and lipoprotein lipase activity, but no change in the rate of acylglycerol glycerol synthesis was observed. There was no fall in the activities of cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthetase or the NADP-linked dehydrogenases, suggesting that the decrease in the rate of fatty acid synthesis was due to an impairment at the level of acetyl-CoA carboxylase or fatty acid synthetase. 3. The rate of fatty acid synthesis from acetate was greater than that from glucose. The rate of fatty acid synthesis from glucose per adipocyte of foetal lambs was similar to that of young sheep. The characteristic metabolism of adipose tissue of the adult sheep is thus present in the foetus, despite the relatively large amounts of glucose in the foetal 'diet'. PMID- 7032513 TI - Role of pyruvate dehydrogenase and insulin in the regulation of lipogenesis in the lactating mammary gland of the rat during the starved-refed transition. AB - Administration of insulin with glucose to starved lactating rats, which activates pyruvate dehydrogenase [M. A. Baxter & H. G. Coore (1978) Biochiem. J. 174, 553 561], restored lipogenesis in mammary gland in vivo to 50% of the value observed in refed (2.5 h) rats. The correlations between pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and the rate of lipogenesis persisted in isolated acini. Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in vitro with dichloroacetate increased lipogenesis from [6 14C]glucose in acini from starved and refed rats by 250% and 100% respectively. However, in the presence of dichloroacetate, only 70% of the increased flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase was converted into lipid in acini from starved rats, whereas all of the increase could be accounted for as lipid in acini from refed rats. Addition of insulin plus dichloroacetate was required to obtain maximal rates of lipogenesis in acini from starved rats. Similarly, insulin increased the incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into lipid only in acini from starved rats. Although the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase plays an important role in the control of mammary-gland lipogenesis, the evidence presented suggests a second regulatory site which is insulin-sensitive and is located after the generation of cytosolic acetyl-CoA. PMID- 7032514 TI - The precursor to animal cell messenger RNA. PMID- 7032515 TI - The composition and the structure of bacterioferritin of Escherichia coli. AB - Bacterioferritin isolated from Escherichia coli is of two kinds: a protein containing a polynuclear iron compound, the bacterioferritin proper and a protein free of the polynuclear iron compound, the apo-bacterioferritin. Bacterioferritin of both kinds is characterized by absorption maxima at 417,530 and 560 nm, contributed by protohaem IX. Single crystals of bacterioferritin of the space group I432 suggest that the molecule is made up of 24 identical subunits related by a cubic point symmetry. The molecular weight of the protein subunit, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, is 15000. In the electron microscope the bacterioferritin molecule appears to be a sphere of 9.5 nm (95 A) diameter composed of a negatively staining outer shell and an inner electron-dense core of 6 nm (60 A) diameter. PMID- 7032516 TI - The interaction of yeast hexokinase with Procion Green H-4G. AB - 1. A number of reactive triazine dyes specifically and irreversibly inactive yeast hexokinase at pH 8.5 and 33 degrees C. Under these conditions, the enzyme is readily inactivated by 100 microM-Procion Green H-4G, Blue H-B, Turquoise H-7G and Turquoise H-A, is less readily inactivated by Procion Brown H-2G. Green HE 4BD, Red HE-3B and Yellow H-5G and is not inactivated at all by Procion Yellow H A. 2. The inactivation of hexokinase by Procion Green H-4G is competitively inhibited by the adenine nucleotides ATP and ADP and the sugar substrates D glucose, D-mannose and D-fructose but not by nonsubstrates such as D-arabinose and D-galactose. 3. Quantitatively inhibited hexokinase contains approx. 1 mol of dye per mol of monomer of mol.wt. 51000. The inhibition is irreversible and activity cannot be recovered on incubation with high concentration (20 mM) of ATP or D-glucose. 4. Mg2+ protects the enzyme against inactivation by Procion Green H 4G but enhances the rate of inactivation by all the other Procion dyes tested. In the presence of 10 mM-Mg2+ the apparent dissociation constant between enzyme and dye is reduced from 199.0 microM to 41.6 microM. Binding of the dye to hexokinase is accompanied by characteristic spectral changes in the range 560-700 nm. 5. Mg2+ promotes binding of yeast hexokinase to agarose-immobilized Procion Green H 4G but not to the other dyes tested. Elution could be effected by omission of Mg2+ from the column irrigants or by inclusion of MgATP or D-glucose, but not by D-galactose. These effects can be exploited to purify hexokinase from crude yeast extracts. 6. The specific active-site-directed binding of triazine dyes to yeast hexokinase is interpreted in terms of the crystallographic structure of the hexokinase monomer. PMID- 7032517 TI - Specific one-stage method for assay of enterokinase activity by release of radiolabelled activation peptides from alpha-N-[3H]acetyl-trypsinogen and the effect of calcium ions on the enzyme activity. AB - We report a novel assay method for enterokinase capable of detecting approx. 1 fmol of enzyme. The method depends on quantification of the release of specifically radiolabelled activation peptides from bovine trypsinogen and is unaffected by trypsin inhibitors. The assay is applicable to biological fluids such as serum. The substrate was produced by selective epsilon-amidination of bovine trypsinogen followed by acetylation with [3H]acetic anhydride and deprotection. The assay has been used to study the effects of pH, Ca2+, ionic strength abd glycodeoxycholate on enterokinase activity. PMID- 7032518 TI - Effect of calcium on the net insulin secretion and the immunoreactive insulin response per unit of glucose. PMID- 7032519 TI - A new manganese-activated ribonucleotide reductase found in gram-positive bacteria. PMID- 7032520 TI - Effect of uncouplers on anaerobic adaptation of hydrogenase activity in C reinhardtii. PMID- 7032521 TI - Maintenance of 3T3-L1 cells in culture media containing saturated fatty acids decreases insulin binding and insulin action. PMID- 7032522 TI - Studies on the enzymic degradation of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone by rat pituitary plasma membranes. PMID- 7032523 TI - Involvement of cytochrome P-450 in delta 22-desaturation in ergosterol biosynthesis of yeast. PMID- 7032524 TI - Anomalies in the guanosine polyphosphate metabolism: effect of the hisU mutation. PMID- 7032525 TI - Sex-related difference in the effect of aspirin on prostaglandin metabolism in rat platelet and aorta. PMID- 7032526 TI - Initiation, elongation and termination of polypeptide synthesis in cell-free systems from polyamine-deficient bacteria. PMID- 7032527 TI - Formation of alpha-methylnorepinephrine as a metabolite of metaraminol in guinea pigs. PMID- 7032528 TI - Separation of prostaglandin E1 from its major metabolites. Application of the technique to measure first-pass clearance of PGE1 in the pulmonary and cerebral circulations of the anesthetized dog. PMID- 7032529 TI - The influence of disulfiram and other inhibitors of oxidative metabolism on the formation of 2-hydroxyethyl-mercapturic acid from 1,2-dibromoethane by the rat. PMID- 7032530 TI - Autoimmunity to collagen: a shared feature of psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7032531 TI - Bacterial mutation test on plafibride. AB - N-2-(p-Chlorophenoxy)-isobutyryl-N'-morpholinomethylurea (plafibride, ITA 104) was tested for mutagenic activity of the Ames Salmonella/mammalian microsome test. Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA 98 and TA 100 were employed. Two of these strains (TA 1535 and TA 100) are sensitive to base pair substitution mutagens, whilst the remaining three are sensitive to frame shift mutagens. No evidence of mutagenic activity of plafibride was observed either in the presence or absence of a liver microsomal supplement. PMID- 7032532 TI - Plafibride: clinical trial of a new platelet antiaggregating agent. AB - A clinical study with a new anti-aggregant preparation; N-2-(p-chlorophenoxy) isobutyryl-N'-morpholinomethylurea (plafibride, ITA 104), is shown in this paper. A double blind study, was carried out comparing its effects with those of a well known antiaggregant agent, dipyridamole. No clinical nor analytical side effects of importance were observed. PMID- 7032533 TI - Double-blind study on the activity of plafibride in the treatment of type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - The effects of a new drug, N-2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-isobutyryl-N' morpholinomethylurea (plafibride, ITA 104), were studied in a double blind study lasting four months on a group of 30 patients with a type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. In the patients treated with the active drug significant reductions in blood triglycerides were obtained, with a trend to normal. Reduction in blood cholesterol was inconsistent and not significant. As for the lipoproteinogram, a tendency towards a decrease in the pre-beta-lipoprotein fraction was observed and so was a non-significant tendency towards an increase in the alpha- and beta-lipoprotein fractions. Studies on the platelet functioning showed an obvious decrease in platelet aggregation in those patients treated with the active drug. This was very evident for the ADP and adrenaline inductors and rather less significant for collagen. Neither platelet adhesiveness nor aggregation rate changed. Tolerance of the drug was generally excellent. In one patient a decrease in some palpebral xanthelasmas was observed after two months of treatment with the active drug. In only one case there was heartburn and this was corrected with alkalines. In one other case an urticarial rash appeared, but disappeared spontaneously when the drug was temporarily stopped and did not reappear when it was administered again. During the trial no evidence of renal, hepatic or hematological malfunctions were observed. However, a slight tendency towards an increase in the GOT, GPT and LDH was observed, which was not statistically significant. The drug tested may be very useful in the treatment of type IV hyperlipoproteinemia, especially in those forms in which an increase in thromboembolic risk is suspected, either associated with, or secondary to, the actual atherosclerotic disease. PMID- 7032535 TI - [What did Laennec think of pathologic anatomy?]. PMID- 7032534 TI - Clinical research into the hypolipemic and platelet antiaggregant activity of plafibride, Carried out in double-blind conditions and in comparison with clofibrate. AB - The effects of N-2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-isobutyryl-N'-morpholinomethylurea (plafibride, ITA 104) were studied in a trial under double which an increase in thromboembolic risk is suspected, either associated with, or secondary to, the actual atherosclerotic disease. PMID- 7032536 TI - [The histologic extemporaneous examination in neurosurgery. About 1000 cases (author's transl)]. AB - One thousand extemporaneous examinations performed in the neurosurgical department over a nine years period have been reviewed. The purpose of these examinations was to deal with the following points: - presence or absence of a tumor, - primary or secondary nature of this tumor, - appreciation of the malignancy degree. It seems possible to draw the following conclusions: The frequency of false diagnoses was not significantly different from the one observed in out precedent series. On the other hand, with experience, the number of "approximate diagnoses" was strongly reduced. Some special diagnosis problems were discussed. The importance of the clinical data in establishing a correct diagnosis was emphasized. PMID- 7032537 TI - [Technical preparation of ocular globe for histopathological study (author's transl)]. AB - The ocular histopathology needs specific techniques: however new paraffin embedding medium gives satisfactory results. The orientation and opening of the globe followed by automatic or manual processing are described. The particularities concerning the cutting, the mounting and the staining are reported. The resulting sections are practically as free from processing artifacts as celloidin sections with the advantages attendant on thinness. Moreover the use of paraffin medium allows a great number of special staining procedures. Finally some special techniques as electron microscopy or flat mount studies for the retina are indicated. PMID- 7032538 TI - [Epidemiology of acute glomerulonephritis. Some answers and new challenges]. PMID- 7032539 TI - [Cerebellar abscess]. PMID- 7032540 TI - [Serum anti-dsDNA antibodies in lupus nephritis]. AB - Antibodies to native DNA (dsDNA), are frequently observed in sera from patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), particularly when a severe glomerular involvement is present. An uncomplicated immunofluorescent technique for measuring these antibodies employs the kinetoplast of "Crithidia luciliae" as a dsDNA substrate. We studied with this assay and with ANA-test, 16 patients with active lupus glomerulonephritis before therapy. In 6 cases both ANA and nDNA tests were positive. In 9 cases a positivity was observed only for ANA-test and in 1 for nDNA test. Twelve patients were restudied after therapy when the activity of the disease was reduced. A significant decrease of the titre of ANA test was observed in 9 out of 11 cases and a reduction of nDNA titre was seen in 4 out of 6 patients. In all cases a good correlation was present between clinical and biological features of the disease and degree and degree of positivity of the tests reported. PMID- 7032541 TI - [Cell wall skeletons of Candida albicans and micrococci as antitumor immunoadjuvants]. PMID- 7032542 TI - [The kidney in shock. A new experimental method for the induction of controlled shock. I]. AB - In this research we identify a new experimental model to study the shock-kidney, since this complication occurs with discreet frequency during high surgery operation. The model that better reproduce the surgical shock-kidney is the controlled hypovolemic shock. We used for this experiment five pigs of weight between 40 and 50 kg and were studied the following data: Ecg, arterial pressure, central venous pressure, diuresis (by incannulation of both ureters), renal arterial flow, levels of the renin in the renal vein. The measurements were made before, during and after the shock. The hypovolemic shock was induced by removing from carotid artery a sufficient quantity of blood to bring the pressure to 45-50 mmHg. This pressure level was kept constant for 120 min and then was reported to normal level by introducing the blood previously removed. During the experiment no kind of drugs were used. PMID- 7032543 TI - [The kidney in shock. Changes of some hemodynamic and bio-humoral parameters. II]. AB - In our experiments on 5 pigs of weight between 40-50 kg we've noticed changes of the parameters occurring precociously during the initial stage of the shock. Particularly we observed a sudden reduction of diuresis reaching total anuria in 15 min and persistence of this anuria for the entire time of the shock (120 min). Immediately after introduction of the removed blood the arterial pressure and the diuresis return to normal value. Concerning the blood flow in renal artery it was observed a gradual decreasing to 10-30 ml/min (normal value = 120-180 ml/min). After the restoration of the blood volume we did'nt notice a clean resumption of the flow although arterial pressure reached normal levels (flow value = 70% of the basal value). The hematic level of K+ undergoes a sudden increase that reaches. Maximal level compatible with animal's life. Within 45-60 min from the beginning of the shock and than decrease with restarting of the diuresis. Creatinine reaches 2 mg/ml in 60 min and remain constant during the following 120 min. The value of the plasma renin were precociously raised, reaching values particularly elevated after 90-120 min from the beginning of the shock and decreasing rapidly with the introduction of the removed blood (parallel behaviour of the arterial pressure). PMID- 7032544 TI - [Correlation between blood insulin response and blood potassium changes during oral glucose load (preliminary note)]. AB - Glucose, insulin, K+ and Na+ serum levels were measured at fixed intervals during OGTT. Na+ showed no significant changes, while K+ progressively decreased from 0 to 240 min. A good correlation was found between kaliaemic lowest levels and insulin peak (p less than 0,01): the former followed the latter by 60-120 min. No correlation seemed to exist between nadir K+/basal K+ ratio and insulin peak. The results and their clinical implications are discussed. PMID- 7032546 TI - [The structure of the cerebral ventricles (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032545 TI - [Influence of blood potassium variations on changes in electrocardiographic patterns during oral glucose tolerance test]. AB - In 45 apparently healthy subjects an OGTT was performed and glucose, insulin, potassium and sodium were measured at fixed intervals. A standard EKG was recorded at the beginning and at the end of the trial. K+ levels steadily decreased reaching their lowest value 60 to 120 min after insulin peak. Na+ levels did not change. In those subjects whose final EKG showed some worsening, the ratio final to initial K+ levels, unlike glucose levels, significantly decreased (p less than 0,01). The hypothesis is given that many clinical pictures of coronary heart disease, so often encountered during OGTTs, may depend on K+, rather than glucose, unbalance. PMID- 7032547 TI - [The structure of the choroid plexus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032548 TI - [Production and absorption of the cerebrospinal fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032549 TI - [The measurement of the intracranial pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032550 TI - [Distribution of intracraniospinal pressures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032551 TI - Infective endocarditis as a complication of dental treatment. PMID- 7032552 TI - The treatment of denture-induced stomatitis. Evaluation of two agents. PMID- 7032553 TI - Temporary soft lining materials. A review of their uses. PMID- 7032554 TI - Calcium antagonist drugs in chronic stable angina. Comparison of verapamil and nifedipine. AB - The relative efficacy of two calcium antagonist drugs, verapamil, 120 mg three times a day and nifedipine, 20 mg three times a day, was examined in a double blind randomised trial. Patients were assessed at the end of four week periods by a maximal treadmill exercise test, the frequency of anginal attacks, glyceryl trinitrate consumption, and side effects. Sixteen point praecordial maps were recorded at rest, immediately after exercise, and at minute intervals for 10 minutes. Total ST segment depression (epsilon ST) was used as a measure of myocardial ischaemia. Both verapamil and nifedipine increased maximal work capacity but epsilon ST at the termination of the test remained constant. Both drugs reduced the frequency of anginal attacks and glyceryl trinitrate consumption. Systolic blood pressure at rest and on exercise was reduced by both drugs. Verapamil and nifedipine were equally effective in treating angina, but side effects were more common with nifedipine. PMID- 7032555 TI - Effect of captopril on renal function in patients with congestive heart failure. AB - Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors can improve haemodynamics in patients with congestive heart failure and may enhance sodium excretion in hypertensive patients. In a metabolic unit we assessed the effects of one of these agents on renal function in nine patients with stable New York Heart Association functional class 3 or 4 congestive heart failure. Single blinded, the patients received placebo for three days, 25 to 100 mg of captopril three times a day for three days, and three more days of placebo. Mean blood pressure decreased during captopril, with little change in heart rate or respiration. Serum urea was slightly higher during captopril administration. The mean change in creatinine clearance during captopril was insignificant, but it decreased more than 25% in three of nine patients. Decreases in creatinine clearance correlated with lower blood pressure during captopril and were most obvious in patients with high baseline plasma renin activity. Urine output and both sodium and potassium excretion decreased during captopril. Thus captopril failed to improve natriuresis in patients with congestive heart failure and close monitoring of kidney function is necessary when using this agent in patients with congestive heart failure, particularly when blood pressure falls to lower levels. PMID- 7032556 TI - Haemodynamic effects of dobutamine in patients with congestive heart failure receiving captopril. AB - Treatment with captopril has proved effective in some patients with resistant heart failure. Since cardiac output responses to captopril treatment are generally small, we infused the positive inotropic agent dobutamine in six patients already receiving captopril to determine whether cardiac output could be augmented without concomitantly increasing myocardial oxygen demands. At low infusion rates of dobutamine (2.5 and 5 microgram/kg per min), a substantial rise in cardiac output was observed yet myocardial oxygen uptake remained well below baseline (pre-captopril/dobutamine) levels. At higher rates of infusion (10 and 20 microgram/kg per min) the rise in cardiac output was accompanied by a pronounced increase in myocardial oxygen uptake, and the appearance of chest pain or multifocal ventricular extrasystoles in three patients. These data indicate that captopril treatment combined with low infusion rates of dobutamine can augment cardiac output in the short term, without increasing myocardial oxygen demand. PMID- 7032557 TI - The Fleece Medical Society. PMID- 7032558 TI - Controlled-release morphine tablets. A double-blind trial in dental surgery patients. AB - We report a randomized double-blind comparison of controlled-release morphine tablets (MST-1; 2 x 10 mg) and oral morphine sulphate in solution (20 mg) in 28 patients (20 females) who had undergone removal of impacted lower third molars or a dental clearance under general anaesthetic. The response in both groups was very poor: eight of 15 patients in MST-1 group and six of 13 patients in the standard group required "rescue" analgesics and were withdrawn from the study within the first 2h. No threshold plasma concentration of morphine corresponding to a particular analgesic effect was apparent. MST-1 produced significantly greater plasma concentrations at 8h compared with the standard preparation. Controlled-release morphine, or any oral formulation of morphine, may not be suitable for the treatment of acute pain after operation. PMID- 7032559 TI - Closed-circuit halothane and enflurane using an in-circle Goldman vaporizer. AB - A closed-circle absorber system incorporating an in-circle Goldman vaporizer was used to administer halothane or enflurane in oxygen to adult patients. The attained inspired and end-tidal concentrations of volatile agent after a period of stabilization at each vaporizer setting were measured by mass spectrometry. During spontaneous respiration under halothane the ranges of inspired concentrations at settings 1, 11/2 and 2 were respectively 0.5-0.9%, 1.4-2.4% and 3.3-4.5%. corresponding inspired enflurane concentrations at the same settings were 0.8-1.4%, 1.9-2.8% and 3.7-5.0%. IPPV to 5% end-tidal carbon dioxide, although increasing the inspired concentrations slightly, produced considerable increases in end-tidal concentrations. Minimal pre-oxygenation was used to assess the problem of nitrogen accumulation within the circuit. The maximum nitrogen concentration was 56%. PMID- 7032560 TI - Pharmacokinetics of edrophonium in anephric and renal transplant patients. AB - The pharmacokinetics of edrophonium were determined in patients anaesthetized with nitrous oxide and halothane undergoing kidney transplant nephrectomy (n=6) or transplantation of a live related donor kidney (n = 6). Serum concentrations of edrophonium were assayed by high pressure liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetic variables computed using non-compartmental analysis. Patients undergoing transplant nephrectomy had a significant increase in elimination half life and a significant decrease (67%) in serum clearance when compared with kidney transplant recipients or patients with normal renal function. Pharmacokinetic indices for edrophonium in patients receiving a kidney transplant did not differ from those in patients with normal renal function. We conclude that absence of renal function decrease excretion of edrophonium to an extent similar to that of other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, neostigmine and pyridostigmine. PMID- 7032561 TI - Acetaldehyde: its role in alcoholic toxicity and dependence. PMID- 7032562 TI - A trial comparing the use of penicillin and streptomycin, and flucloxacillin and ampicillin prophylactically in patients undergoing major thoracic surgery. PMID- 7032564 TI - The thermographic assessment of inflammation and anti-inflammatory drugs in osteoarthritis. PMID- 7032563 TI - The effects of an adherent polyurethane film and conventional absorbent dressing in patients with small partial thickness burns. PMID- 7032565 TI - Ketoprofen and pethidine in the treatment of post-operative pain following synovectomy. A double-blind trial on rheumatoid arthritis patients. PMID- 7032566 TI - A comparative study of efficacy and tolerability of ketoprofen and piroxicam. PMID- 7032567 TI - Studies of the prophylactic use of a combination of ampicillin and flucloxacillin in patients undergoing major thoracic surgery. PMID- 7032568 TI - Trial of early detection of breast cancer: description of method. AB - A large-scale trial has been started in the United Kingdom with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of different methods for the early detection of breast cancer. Two populations, each of 25,000 women aged 45-64 are invited for annual screening by mammography and/or clinical examination. Two further populations, one of 25,000 and one of 40,000 women in the same age range, are invited for education sessions in breast self-examination, and 4 control populations, totalling 120,000 women, are offered no additional services beyond conventional diagnostic facilities. All breast histology, both benign and malignant, in all women in the study is recorded, as are the findings, management and follow-up of all breast cancers. Changes in the populations, and deaths from all causes, are also recorded. This is essentially a non-randomized trial, though in one of the screening centres, where an education programme about breast cancer is provided for the whole population, only women registered with certain randomly selected general practices are invited to be screened. The principal means of evaluation will be the comparison of the mortality rates from breast cancer in each of the study populations. Costs, in terms of use of health resources, unnecessary surgery and radiation hazard, will be assessed. Additional aspects of the trial include studies of women's attitudes to early detection, and of the aetiology of breast cancer. PMID- 7032569 TI - Interaction of nitroimidazole drugs with DNA in vitro: structure-activity relationships. AB - An electrolytic reduction system has been developed to model the cytotoxic action of a range of nitroimidazole drugs against DNA hypoxic cells or anaerobic microorganisms. THe degree of damage induced by these drugs (measured as the release of [14C]-dT from DNA) and their relative rates of reduction have been correlated with their redox potentials. The results show that the correlation of drug-induced damage and electron affinity is related to the amount of drug reduced, and supports the hypothesis that at the molecular level the cytotoxic mechanism of reduced nitroimidazoles is identical in hypoxic mammalian cells, bacteria and protozoa. PMID- 7032570 TI - T cell subsets and Langerhans cells in lichen planus: in situ characterization using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Skin biopsies from four patients with lichen planus were studied using monoclonal antibodies directed against T lymphocytes. Anti-TI and anti-T3 antibodies, which react with all peripheral T cells, stained most cells in the dermal infiltrates. The majority of infiltrating cells also stained with anti-T4 and anti-T4b antibodies, which react with helper/inducer cells, whereas a minority of cells stained with anti-T8 antibody, which reacts with cytotoxic/suppressor cells. Surface IgM was not identified on any infiltrating cells, providing evidence against B cell participation. Intraepidermal and dermal cells with long cytoplasmic extensions stained with any anti-T6 antibody in all cases, defining them as Langerhans cells or their precursors. T6-positive cells were seen in greater number than in normal control epidermis and dermis. The results indicate that well-developed lesions of lichen planus are characterized by an influx of helper/inducer T lymphocytes and increased numbers of Langerhans cells. These observations support the contention that cellular immunity is important in the pathogenesis of this disorder. PMID- 7032571 TI - The growth of vibrissa dermal papilla cells in vitro. PMID- 7032572 TI - Direct immunofluorescence on cytological smears in oral pemphigus. AB - Direct immunofluorescence was performed on washed oral epithelial smears from thirteen patients with pemphigus vulgaris, thirteen patients with other oral diseases and from ten subjects with clinically healthy oral mucosa. The intercellular deposition of IgG was observed on cytological smears from oral smears from oral lesions in all patients with other oral diseases and from healthy controls, did not show any fluorescence. Therefore, direct immunofluorescence on cytological smears may be of value in the diagnosis of pemphigus. PMID- 7032573 TI - Anti-gliadin antibodies and small intestinal mucosal damage in dermatitis herpetiformis. AB - Sera from forty-six patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) were examined for anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test and by a simple new immunofluorescent (IF) test. AGA were present in fifteen out of thirty-two patients taking a normal diet, but in none of the fourteen taking a gluten-free diet (GFD). The presence of circulating AGA was related to the severity of the enteropathy. AGA were present in all ten patients with a flat mucosa and in four of six with a convoluted mucosa, but in only one out of thirty patients with normal morphology of the small intestine. However, in those patients taking a normal diet and with a normal morphology of the intestine there was evidence of gluten sensitivity compared to those taking a GFD, as the intraepithelial lymphocyte count (IELC) was significantly raised in the peri nuclear and supra-nuclear positions. The study shows that the presence of AGA in the serum is a good indication of the degree of gluten sensitivity as expressed by severe mucosal damage in patients with DH. PMID- 7032574 TI - Retinol binding protein in normal human skin and in cutaneous disorders. AB - Circulating vitamin A is transported by a carrier termed retinol binding protein (RBP). Autoradiography and immunofluorescence studies showed that, in normal human skin, RBP is confirmed exclusively to the dermis. Following oral vitamin A loading, a large increase in dermal RBP but only a very small rise of serum RBP was found. Serum RBP was slightly decreased in eczema patients and markedly decreased in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda. Values in other dermatoses, including psoriasis, were normal. PMID- 7032575 TI - Prosper Baumes, dermatologist of Lyon 1791-1871 and the Willan-Alibert controversy. PMID- 7032576 TI - Assay and site of production of thrombopoietin. PMID- 7032577 TI - Sensitisation against environmental antigens and respiratory symptoms in swine workers. AB - Adverse effects caused by airborne material to the respiratory tract are due either to non-specific irritation or to hypersensitivity. In this study 20 people employed in swine barns and 18 controls were tested for sensitisation against dusts present in the barn. Immunoprecipitation and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) were used to test for IgG antibodies; IgE antibodies against swine epithelium were tested using solid phase radioimmunoassay. Precipitins against swine antigens were found in two swine workers; while ELISA found six to be sensitised. Sensitisation against swine antigens correlated with exposure but not with the presence of symptoms. No IgE antibodies were found. Precipitins against feed antigens were detected in 12 workers; in nine of the 12 with symptoms, and in three of the eight asymptomatic workers. No single antigen was of special importance as an inducer of sensitisation. Sensitisation against feed dusts in barns, as indicated by the presence of circulating antibodies, suggests an immunological background for persistent symptoms. A large antigen penal should be used in testing for sensitisation because of the many immunogenic dusts present in the air in swine barns. PMID- 7032579 TI - Equivalence of topical clobetasone and dexamethasone in experimental corneal allograft rejection. AB - We produced experimental immune reactions by exchanging peripheral corneal transplants between rabbits. Clobetasone butyrate 0.1% and dexamethasone phosphate 0.1% eye drops were equally effective in delaying corneal allograft rejection. PMID- 7032578 TI - Cotton bacterial endotoxin assessed by electron microscopy. AB - A piece of bale cotton was incubated in nutrient broth. Electron microscopic inspection of the cotton and the broth showed Gram-negative bacteria with long flagella, loosely attached to the cotton fibres. Large amounts of endotoxin liberating from these bacteria were visible in the growth medium. PMID- 7032580 TI - Steiger on refraction: a reappraisal. AB - Seventy years ago Steiger, a Swiss ophthalmologist, found the distribution of corneal powers to follow a normal (binomial) curve. He noted a wide range of values among emmetropes, and he also knew that their axial lengths varied significantly. He expected that normal distributions would be found for other components of refraction and also for refraction as a whole, and in seeking a controlling mechanism he recalled the multifactorial pattern of inheritance of such characteristics as stature. The present study employs modern mathematical techniques to test the validity of 2 related hypotheses: that the components of refraction are correlated and that a polygenic mode of inheritance is responsible for determining the refractive power of the eye. In the light of this study and of other modern knowledge about refraction Steiger's work is reassessed. Most of his views are vindicated, although his assumption of a normal distribution for refraction as a whole could not be justified. His contribution to the understanding of refraction establishes him among the great names in ophthalmology. PMID- 7032581 TI - Effects of octyl beta-glucoside on insulin binding to solubilized membrane receptors. AB - Octyl beta-glucoside (1%), a dialyzable detergent, was used to solubilize the insulin receptor of the turkey erythrocyte membrane. Insulin binding capacity was stable for at least 1 week when the receptor was kept in 1% octyl beta-glucoside at 4 degrees C. The binding properties of the solubilized receptor were examined at detergent concentrations above (1%) and below (0.6%) the critical micelle concentration. A reduction in insulin binding occurred when the detergent concentration was raised above the critical micelle concentration, due to an apparent decrease in the number of binding sites. The specificity of the receptor for insulin analogues was preserved, and the relative affinity of the solubilized receptor, desoctapeptide insulin greater than proinsulin greater than porcine insulin, was similar in 0.6% and 1% detergent. Addition of divalent cations increased insulin binding to a similar extent at both detergent concentrations, but there was a slightly greater stimulation of binding in 0.6% detergent as compared to 1% detergent. The pH optimum for binding was not affected by changes in the detergent concentration. These results indicate that the insulin receptor can be successfully solubilized by octyl beta-glucoside and that the binding activity is quite stable. Therefore, octyl beta-glucoside may be a useful detergent for purification of this receptor. In addition, the data indicate that the binding properties of the insulin receptor can be affected by changes in the physical state of the octyl beta-glucoside. PMID- 7032582 TI - Fluoride inhibition of yeast enolase. 1. Formation of the ligand complexes. PMID- 7032583 TI - Fluoride inhibition of yeast enolase. 2. Structural and kinetic properties of the ligand complexes determined by nuclear relaxation rate studies. PMID- 7032584 TI - Diffusion-driven mechanisms of protein translocation on nucleic acids. 3. The Escherichia coli lac repressor--operator interaction: kinetic measurements and conclusions. AB - The association and dissociation kinetics of the Escherichia coli lac repressor- operator (RO) complex have been examined as a function of monovalent ion concentration and operator-containing DNA fragment length in order to investigate the mechanisms used by repressor in locating (and dissociating from) the operator site. Association rate constants (ka) measured with an 80- or a 203-base-pair lac operator containing DNA fragment are 3--5-fold smaller than those determined with a 6700-base-pair operator fragment or with intact lambda plac5 DNA (50000 base pairs) at all salt concentrations tested. At salt concentrations less than approximately 0.1 M KCl, association rate constants to all operator-containing DNA fragments (except lambda plac5 DNA) are insensitive to variations in salt concentration, but the limiting low salt value of ka appears to depend upon operator-containing DNA length. The value of ka for lambda plac5 DNA decreases significantly from the approximately 0.1 M KCl maximum at low salt. Above approximately 0.1 M KCl, repressor--operator association rate constants for all operator-containing DNA substrates tested show a similar decrease with increasing salt concentration, which does not appear to depend upon the length of the DNA molecule (except for the very small DNA fragments). In contrast to the association reaction, kd, the dissociation rate constant, decreases linearly (on a log kd vs. log [KCl] plot) with decreasing salt concentration over virtually the entire salt concentration range studied (0.05--0.2 M KCl). These results are consistent with the explanation of the unusually fast association kinetics for this system in terms of a two-step model in which repressor initially diffuses to a nonoperator DNA binding site (forming an RD complex) and then rapidly "scans" (in a locally correlated fashion) adjacent sites until the operator is located or the repressor dissociates from the chain. Dissociation of the RO complex follows the same two-step process in reverse. Quantitative comparisons are made between these results and the theoretical predictions of the two facilitating translocation mechanisms (one-dimensional "sliding" along the DNA double helix and direct transfer between DNA segments) developed in the first paper of this series [Berg, O. G., Winter, R. B., & von Hippel, P. H. (1981) Biochemistry (first paper of three in this issue)]. We conclude that the experimental data for the "faster-than-diffusion-controlled" interaction of repressor and operator can be quantitatively modeled by a two-step process in which sliding is the dominant transfer mechanism. Molecular models of the initial nonspecific binding event (including "hopping") as well as sliding and interchain transfer are discussed, and the possible roles of facilitated translocation mechanisms of the diffusion driven type in this and other in vitro and in vivo protein--nucleic acid interaction processes are considered. PMID- 7032585 TI - Proteolytic specificity of hemorrhage toxin a isolated from western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) venom. AB - The proteolytic specificity of hemorrhagic toxin a from the venom of Crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake) has been investigated by using the oxidized B chain of bovine insulin and other peptides as substrates. The toxin appears highly specific for X--Leu bonds (cleaving the His10--Leu11, Ala14- Leu15, and Tyr16--Leu17 bonds), with no detectable activity against the Gly--Phe, Phe--Phe, Phe--Tyr, and Leu--Tyr bonds also present in the insulin B chain. The X -Leu bond of the peptides Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu, Phe-Ala-Leu, and Ala-Leu was also cleaved. The toxin seems to be a strict endopeptidase, in that the cleavage of the two most susceptible bonds, Ala14--Leu15 and Tyr16--Leu17, are mutually exclusive; i.e., cleavage of either bond results in the other being too close to either the amino- or carboxyl-terminal of its respective fragment for the enzyme to be effective against it. The X--Met bond of Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met was cleaved, although a dipeptide Gly-Met was not hydrolyzed after 16 h of incubation. The substrates not hydrolyzed are furylacryloylglycyl-L-leucinamide, carbobenzoxy-L glutamylglycine, carbobenzoxyglycyl-L-glutamic acid, benzoyl-L-arginine-p nitroanilide, L-lysine-p-nitroanilide, (L-Ala)3-p-nitroanilide, Gly-Met, Gly-Phe Phe, Gly-Gly-Ala, TAME, and ATEE. The absence of hydrolytic activity against the last two substrates indicates that hemorrhagic toxin a does not possess trypsin- or chymotrypsin-like activity. PMID- 7032587 TI - Semisynthesis of insulin: specific activation of the arginine carboxyl group of the B chain of desoctapeptide-(B23--30)-insulin (bovine). PMID- 7032586 TI - Stereospecificity of the enzymatic dehydrogenation in the biosynthesis of 3 ethylidene-L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid from isoleucine by Streptomyces cacaoi. AB - (2RS,3S,4S)-[2-14C,4-3H]Isoleucine and (2S,3S,4R)-[U-14C,4-3H]isoleucine have been prepared by stereospecific syntheses. The addition of these substrates to Streptomyces cacaoi led to the isolation of polyoxins from which 3-ethylidene-L azetidine-2-carboxylic acid was isolated by hydrolysis. The pro-R hydrogen at C-4 of isoleucine was lost and the pro-S hydrogen was retained in the biosynthesis of 3-ethylidene-L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid. These results indicate that the enzymatic dehydrogenation of isoleucine to form 3-ethylidene-L-azetidine-2 carboxylic acid involves the antiperiplanar elimination of the hydrogen at C-3 and the pro-R hydrogen at C-4. PMID- 7032589 TI - Optically detected magnetic resonance of the phosphorescent bases of Escherichia coli valine-specific transfer ribonucleic acid. AB - Phosphorescence spectroscopy and optical detection of triplet state magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy have been used to characterize bases that contribute to the phosphorescence emission of Escherichia coli valine-specific transfer ribonucleic acid. When it is excited with 335-nm light, a short-lived phosphorescence with an origin near 435 nm is observed and is assigned to 4 thiouridine (s4U) at position 8 of the tRNA sequence. With excitation at 290-300 nm, a structured, long-lived phosphorescence is observed with an origin near 380 nm, in addition to the s4U phosphorescence. Comparison was made of the phosphorescence and ODMR spectra between Mg2+-containing and Mg2+-free tRNA samples. The s4U phosphorescence of the Mg2+-containing sample is more structured, and the peak is blue shifted relative to the Mg2+-free sample. Both samples give a single low-frequency (ca. 2.9 GHz) ODMR signal, but the high frequency signal region (ca. 19-20 GHz) is structured. The Mg2+-containing sample has a partially resolved group of lines centered at 19.3 GHz, whereas the Mg2+ free sample has two broad bands centered at 19.2 and 20.0 gHz. The differences are attributed to effects of Mg2+ on the tRNA conformation. The ODMR signals observed by monitoring the long-lived phosphorescence are assigned to a pyrimidine nucleoside, possibly 5-(carboxy-methoxy)uridine in the anticodon. PMID- 7032588 TI - Discrimination between D- and L-tyrosyl transfer ribonucleic acids in peptide chain elongation. AB - D-Tyr-tRNA can take part in peptide bond formation with N-AcPhe-tRNA on ribosomes programmed with the hexanucleotide UUUUAC. None of the steps leading to peptide bond formation exhibit high stereoselectivity. Ternary complex formation with EF Tu.GTP favors L-Tyr-tRNA by a factor greater than 25. The complex formed with D Tyr-tRNA was not protected from hydrolysis, which suggests that the D-amino acid is improperly bound to the protein. The rate of EF-Tu-promoted dipeptide formation was 30-fold faster with L-Tyr-tRNA. The ratio of moles of GTP hydrolyzed to dipeptide formed was 1.4 for L-Tyr-tRNA and 4 for D-Tyr-tRNA. The excess of GTP hydrolyzed to peptide bonds formed is evidence for kinetic proofreading in AA-tRNA selection. The combined effects of the partial discrimination at each stage, from the aminoacylation to the peptide formation, favor L-tyrosine by a factor greater than 10(4) and would virtually exclude D tyrosine from being incorporated under conditions where L-tyrosine was also present. PMID- 7032590 TI - Characterization of a respiratory mutant of Escherichia coli with reduced uptake of aminoglycoside antibiotics. AB - A strain of Escherichia coli (NSW77) which is partially resistant to streptomycin was isolated by selecting for growth on plates supplemented with 12.5 micrograms/ml streptomycin, a concentration which completely inhibits growth of wild-type strains. The low-level resistance of the mutant appears to result from a reduced ability to accumulate streptomycin intracellularly. In addition, the mutant strain is unable to use succinate for growth because of a defective respiratory chain. Thus, membranes of the mutant strain were found to have approximately half the NADH and D-lactate oxidase activity of the parent strain. Moreover, membranes of the mutant were found to contain demethyl-menaquinone and, in place of ubiquinone, a structural analogue, 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy 1,4 benzoquinone. The mutation responsible for both the Suc-phenotype and partial resistance to streptomycin was found to be located near minute 15 on the bacterial chromosome. Both the biochemical and genetic evidence suggests the the mutation in strain NSW77 resides in the ubi F gene. Another previously characterized ubi F strain was also found to have a reduced capacity to take up an aminoglycoside antibiotic (gentamicin). These results suggest that the respiratory defects in ubi F strains are responsible for the reduced capacity of such strains to accumulate aminoglycosides. PMID- 7032591 TI - Characteristics of dipeptide transport in normal and papain-treated brush border membrane vesicles from mouse intestine. I. Uptake of glycyl-L-phenylalanine. AB - Papain treatment of isolated brush border membrane vesicles was carried out to study peptide transport in the absence of hydrolytic events associated with the brush border membrane. Such a treatment allowed a 70% decrease in the activity of membrane-associated oligopeptidases and the study of peptide transport in the complete absence of free amino acids up to 1 min of incubation. A comparison between the time course curves of glycyl-L-phenylalanine uptake by normal and papain-treated vesicles showed that the overshoots seen in the presence of Na+ and K+ gradients (extravesicular greater than intravesicular) when using normal vesicles were no longer evident after papain treatment. This result, together with the demonstration of uptake into an osmotically reactive intravesicular space and the analysis of uptake of free phenylalanine, allowed the conclusion that peptide transport was the result of two complementary mechanisms, uptake of free amino acids following hydrolysis by the membrane-bound oligopeptidases, and intact peptide transport down a concentration gradient by a non-Na+ (and non-K+) dependent process. These results also showed the non-involvement of gamma glutamyltransferase and the gamma-glutamyl cycle in peptide absorption. A linear relationship has been established between initial dipeptide uptake and glycyl-L phenylalanine concentration for the intact peptide transport process. However, this process can be inhibited to various extents by other di- and tripeptides but the inhibition never exceeded 43%. These results are consistent with both passive and facilitated diffusion mechanisms of intact peptide transport, the latter occurring by either a low affinity-high capacity or a high affinity-low capacity system. PMID- 7032592 TI - Inhibition of growth of Escherichia coli by lactose and other galactosides. AB - A study has been made of the inhibition of growth caused by the addition of lactose or other galactosides to lac constitutive Escherichia coli growing in glycerol minimal medium. The effect was greater at pH 5.9 and pH 7.9 than at pH 7.0. Inhibition of growth by lactose was observed also in the case of a beta galactosidase negative mutant. However, a lacY mutant, which has a defect in the entry of protons normally coupled with galactoside transport, showed only slight inhibition of growth on the addition of galactosides. In the case of the parental strain the addition of lactose resulted in a sharp fall in delta pH across the cell membrane and a reduction in intracellular ATP, and the recovery was slow. Under the same conditions the lacY mutant showed a smaller and only transient effect. It is postulated that the sudden entry of protons associated with lactose uptake lowers the protonmotive force, reducing the ATP levels and inhibiting growth of the cells. This hypothesis would account also for the selection of lacY mutants found when E. coli is grown in the presence of isopropyl-beta-D thiogalactoside. PMID- 7032593 TI - Counterflow efflux of thiamin in Escherichia coli. AB - A resting cell of Escherichia coli lacking thiamin kinase incorporated external thiamin with an energy-dependent counterflow efflux (C-efflux). This C-efflux could be separated frm an energy-dependent exit by a selective inhibition of exit by 2 x 10(-2) M NaN3. The extracellular thiamin could be replaced by thiamin diphosphate, resulting in the same rate of C-efflux, but the rate of C-efflux of intracellular thiamin diphosphate against the external thiamin was markedly low. This low rate of C-efflux of thiamin diphosphate could explain the higher accumulation of the compound than that of free thiamin in the thiamin-kinase defective mutant as well as in its wild-type parent. Basic characteristics of free thiamin uptake and exit in E. coli W mutant were compared with those reported in K 12 mutant: a marked difference existed in the rate of exit. The low rate of exit in E. coli W 70-23-102 was inferred as the reason for the absence of an overshoot phenomenon of thiamin uptake in this strain. PMID- 7032594 TI - Lactose-H+(-OH) transport system of Escherichia coli. Multistate gated pore model based on half-sites stoichiometry for high-affinity substrate binding in a symmetrical dimer. AB - A model is proposed for the D-galactoside-H+(-OH) transporter of Escherichia coli that accounts for essentially all the experimental observations established for this system to date. In this model, the functional unit is postulated to be a dimer (consisting of two copies of lac Y-specified polypeptide) which spans the membrane with a 2-fold symmetry axis in the membrane plane (Lancaster, J.R. (1978) J. Theor. Biol. 75, 35-50). The functional dimer is assumed to possess a single pore flanked by an inner gate (gi) and an outer gate (go) and encompassing two oppositely oriented galactoside binding sites, designated m and mu. When go is open and gi is closed under non-energized conditions, binding site m adopts a configuration defined as State A (i.e., moA) exhibiting high affinity toward Class Ga galactosides (thiodigalactoside, melibiose, alpha-p nitrophenygalactoside) but low affinity for Class Gb galactosides (lactose, beta o-nitrophenylgalactoside, beta-isopropylthiogalactoside), whereas binding site mu adopts State B (i.e., muoB) displaying relatively high affinity toward Class Gb galactosides but comparatively low affinity for Class Ga galactosides; further, each moA : muoB dimer contains one thiol group whose reaction with N ethylmaleimide inactivates the transporter unless blocked by galactoside binding at site moA, while the second homologous thiol of the dimer is unreactive toward thiol reagents. Translocation of the moA : muoB dimer involves closing of go followed by opening of gi, and causes the two thiols (as well as sites m and mu) to interchange roles in a symmetrical fashion: moA : muoB in equilibrium miB : muiA. In the presence of a substantial (negative) transmembrane delta potential of muH+, the m : mu dimer is postulated to undergo an electrogenic protein conformation change to a second form, *(m : mu), in which both sites m and mu possess low affinity toward internal Class Gb substrates; galactoside transport in both m : mu and *(m : mu) is assumed to be coupled to H+-symport (-OH antiport) with a stoichiometry of approximately 1 : 1. Finally, five characteristic predictions of the half-sites model are outlined for further tests of its validity. PMID- 7032595 TI - Differential stimulation by polyamines of phage RNA-directed synthesis of proteins. AB - The effect of polyamines on Q beta and MS2 phage RNA-directed synthesis of three kinds of protein in an Escherichia coli cell-free system has been studied. With both phage RNAs, the degree of stimulation of protein synthesis by spermidine was in the order RNA replicase greater than A protein, while the synthesis of coat protein was not stimulated significantly by spermidine. The synthesis of RNA replicase was stimulated by 1 mM spermidine approx. 8-fold. From the results of Q beta RNA direct alanyl-tRNA and seryl-tRNA binding to ribosomes and initiation dipeptide synthesis, it is suggested that the preferential stimulation of the synthesis of RNA replicase by spermidine is due at least partially to the stimulation of the initiation of RNA replicase synthesis. PMID- 7032596 TI - The effect of ATP on the incorporation of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. AB - The effect of ATP on Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I has been investigated as a function of the concentration of substrates and divalent metal ions in the presence of activated DNA as template. At saturating Mg2+ concentration 1.5 mM ATP stimulated 2.5-times the incorporation of [3H]dGTP when only one substrate (dGTP) was present, and had no significant effect in the presence of all four dNTPs, whereas under similar conditions, a saturating concentration of dATP increased the reaction rate only 1.5-times. At optimal Mn2+ concentrations ATP also showed a similarly marked effect only in the case when one substrate (dGTP) was present in the reaction. The optimal concentration of Mn2+ was shifted by ATP to higher concentrations both in the presence of one and of all four substrates. ATP did not influence the apparent Km for dGTP, while V was increased by a factor of about 2.5. The possible presence of dNTP in ATP, as inpurity, was ruled out by isotope dilution analysis. Thus, ATP stimulated the polymerization reaction only under limited conditions, i.e., when one substrate was present in the reaction. PMID- 7032597 TI - Comparison of in vitro chromatin transcription using E. coli RNA polymerase and wheat germ RNA polymerase B. AB - Use of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase for in vitro transcription of chromatin results in the formation of double-stranded RNA molecules, which consist of a strand of endogenous mRNA and a complementary strand of de novo synthesized RNA. Unless the duplex structures are dissociated prior to isolation of the in vitro transcripts on sulfhydryl agarose columns, the endogenous mRNA can result in over estimates of in vitro gene-specific transcription. Substitution of wheat germ RNA polymerase B for the bacterial enzyme overcomes this artifact. When mouse fetal liver chromatin is used as template, most of the mRNA synthesized by the plant enzyme is in a single-stranded form. More importantly, this synthesis is directed by a DNA template. Hybridization studies suggest that in vitro transcription of chromatin with wheat germ RNA polymerase B maintains some fidelity to genetic restrictions which operate in vivo. PMID- 7032598 TI - Purification and properties of fMet-tRNAf deacylase from Escherichia coli. AB - A formylmethionyl-tRNAf deacylase has been purified about 330-fold from a crude initiation factor preparation (1 M NH4Cl ribosomal wash) from Escherichia coli Q13. The enzyme was nearly homogeneous and had an apparent molecular weight of 24 000. Rat liver methionyl-tRNAf and E. coli methionyl-tRNAm were not hydrolyzed significantly by the enzyme under standard conditions. Q beta RNA- and AUG(A)n directed polypeptide synthesis was inhibited by the enzyme. The inhibition was at the level of initiation of polypeptide synthesis. The enzymatic activity was inhibited by various factors necessary for polypeptide synthesis. The activity was inhibited more by NH4Cl and spermidine than by Mg2+, GTP and ATP. The complex of formylmethionyl-tRNAf, initiation factor 2 and GTP was resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis, and the resistance was enhanced by the addition of AUG and ribosomes to the above reaction mixture. PMID- 7032599 TI - A latent thiol proteinase from ascitic fluid of patients with neoplasia. AB - Pepsin treatment of ascitic fluid from patients with neoplasia generated a cysteine (thiol) proteinase activity which resembles cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) in its requirements for thiol activators, susceptibility to inhibitors and specificity for synthetic substrates. As judged by gel filtration, pepsin reduced the molecular size of the latent enzyme from an Mr of 41,000 to 33,000 after activation. Both forms are larger than human liver cathepsin B. In addition to its presence in ascitic fluid, the pepsin-activated species was found in the medium of ascites cells maintained in culture. The latent enzyme may be an enzyme inhibitor complex or an inactive precursor of a cathepsin B-like proteinase. PMID- 7032600 TI - The effects of anions, substrates, metal ions and sulfhydryl reagents on the proteolytic susceptibility of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase. AB - With the aim of confirming our previous spectrophotometric binding studies ((1978) Eur. J. Biochem. 85, 345-350 and (1980) Eur. J. Biochem. 104, 249-254) and of ascertaining the full physiological significance of ion binding, we investigated the effects of ions and thiol reagents on the proteolysis of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase (ATP: 3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.2.3). The single non-essential thiol of the enzyme was modified with 5,5' dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) or 2-chloromercuri-4-nitrophenol. Both modifications greatly increased the susceptibility of the kinase to inactivation by trypsin or yeast proteinase A, when compared with that of the native kinase. Electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) revealed that limited proteolysis had occurred. The time courses for the proteolysis and loss of catalytic activity were followed and the active and inactive fragments identified. The molecular masses of the major proteolytic fragments differed with the two endopeptidases. Substrate and non-substrate anions in a concentration-dependent fashion, protected the native and mercurial-labelled kinase from inactivation by trypsin or yeast proteinase A. However, Zn2+, in a concentration-dependent fashion, increased the susceptibility of the native kinase to inactivation by each endopeptidase. The time courses for the inactivation and for the proteolysis allowed the active and inactive fragments to be identified. Zn2+ decreased the rate of inactivation of the mercurial-labelled kinase by proteinase A. The effects of these ions were detected at concentrations compatible with occupancy of an anion binding site and a low affinity Zn2+ binding site, both of which have been indicated from our previous binding studies. PMID- 7032601 TI - The effects of wheat germ agglutinin on the adipocyte insulin receptor. AB - Treatment of rat adipocytes with wheat germ agglutinin markedly enhances insulin binding by increasing the affinity of the insulin receptor. The structure of adipocyte receptor following wheat germ agglutinin treatment was studied by column chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine if aggregates of the insulin receptor are present. Solubilization of the receptor by Triton X-100 and passage of this material over Sepharose 6B revealed two insulin binding activities: a major peak which had a Strokes radius of 87 A and a minor peak with a Strokes radius of 47 A. Wheat germ agglutinin treatment produced an increase in the binding activity of both peaks, but their molecular weights did not change. In addition, 125I-labeled insulin was covalently attached to the adipocyte insulin binding sites by a cross-linking reagent. Column chromatography of the insulin-receptor complex again indicated the presence of two species with Strokes radii of 87 A and 47 A. Heterogeneity in these complexes was also demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of Triton X 100. Ferguson plots indicated that the peak of radioactivity had a molecular radius of 60 A, a size found both in the presence and absence of wheat germ treatment of adipocytes. These findings suggest that the increase in receptor affinity produced by wheat germ agglutinin treatment is not caused by the formation of receptor clusters. Instead, it appears that a simple interaction between the plant lectin and the receptor is sufficient to induce the changes in the insulin binding properties of adipocytes. PMID- 7032602 TI - Hormonal regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and alkaline phosphatase in cultured intestinal mucosa. AB - The endocrine regulation of the key enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) and of the brush border enzyme alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) was studied in short (2 h) and long term (24 h) organ culture of rabbit ileum mucosa. In contrast to the hepatic enzyme, intestinal reductase is not subject to regulation by insulin or glucagon even at a pharmacological level. This applies to both 'total' and 'active' reductase, prepared in the absence or presence of sodium fluoride, respectively. During culture, there is a gradual, time-dependent increase in the active, dephosphorylated enzyme form. This endogenous activation was found to be unaffected by all hormones tested. Similarly, alkaline phosphatase was not influenced by both pancreatic hormones. In contrast, triamcinolone significantly (P less than 0.05) suppressed reductase in a dose-dependent fashion to 38% of controls after 24 h, but not after 2 h culture. Alkaline phosphatase was induced after both periods, but the effect was more marked after 24 h. A parallel minor stimulation of both enzyme activities was noted in the presence of 10(-9)M triiodothyronine (P less than 0.05), lower and very high (10(-5)M) concentrations were ineffective. In view of the role of glucocorticoids as intestinal growth inhibitors and of thyroid hormones as growth stimulators, it is suggested that changes in reductase reflect alterations of crypt membrane cholesterol synthesis, whereas the induction of alkaline phosphatase is mediated through an enhanced enterocyte regeneration and/or maturation. PMID- 7032603 TI - Biosynthesis of vitamin B-12. Part I. Role of the ribosomal proteins in vitamin B 12 biosynthesis. AB - 1. 70 S ribosomes isolated from strains of Escherichia coli 113-3, K12 and B take part in vitamin B-12 biosynthesis from AdoCbi-GDP, NAD and dimethylbenzimidazole in the presence of enzymes of the cytosol fraction. 2. 70 S ribosomes from E.coli 113-3 bind Ado[58Co]Cbi-GDP. This reaction is independent of fusidic acid. 3. Proteins from 5 S RNA complex as well as l3 protein isolated from E.coli 113-3 ribosomes catalyze vitamin B-12 biosynthesis. The main catalytic function in this reaction is preformed by protein L18. 4. Vitamin B-12 biosynthesis proceeding in the presence of isolated ribosomal proteins is inhibited by fusidic acid, chloramphenicol and vernamycin but not by erythromycin. 5. Vitamin B-12 synthesized in the presence of isolated ribosomal proteins is biologically active. PMID- 7032604 TI - Studies on bonnet monkey cervical mucus. The effect of proteases on mucus glycoproteins of Macaca radiata. AB - The influence of proteinases on monkey cervical glycoproteins was investigated to assess their effect on cervical mucus and, thereby, on sperm penetration. The major component of periovulatory cervical mucus, a high molecular weight glycoprotein, was treated with Pronase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, and bovine seminal peptidase, and the enzyme-resistant glycoprotein was purified by gel filtration on Sepharose 2B. A macromolecular component in high yield was recovered containing carbohydrate and protein moieties. Asialoglycoprotein, on treatment with Pronase, trypsin, and bovine seminal peptidase released more than one glycoprotein fragment. The carbohydrate and amino acid components of the native and degraded glycoproteins were similar in composition with variations in proportions. The structure of the carbohydrate-rich, pronase-resistant glycoprotein, further purified on Sepharose 2B, was examined. Sequential Smith degradation and methylation of the degraded glycoprotein fragment established a structure that shows some differences to that of the native glycoprotein. The influence of proteinases on cervical-mucus glycoproteins and a possible mechanism of sperm penetration through Pronase-treated glycoproteins is discussed. PMID- 7032605 TI - [Independent functioning of the H+-K+ ion exchange systems in E. coli]. AB - Two systems of potassium accumulation inhibited by N,N1-diciclohexilcarbodiimide (DCCD) can operate simultaneously and independently in the strain E. coli TK 1001. These are the TrkA and TrkF systems. The strain E. coli TK 509 demonstrates only the TrkF system in the media with potassium concentrations higher than 1 meg. 1-1. The onset of K+-uptake via the TrkF is observed much earlier than that in E. coli TK 1001. Moreover the secretion of H+ increases considerably with the start of K+-uptake. DCCD-sensitive and counter-directed fluxes of H+ and K+ enhance proportionally both the increase of external potassium concentration and pH. Thus the E. coli cells possess at least two proton-potassium exchanging systems (TrkA and TrkF) sensitive to DCCD. The TrkA system operates a short time in response to an increase of the osmolarity in the medium and exchanges rapidly 2H+ for 1K+, whereas the TrkF maintains a slow exchange of H+ for K+ with the unstable ratio H+/K+ from 4 to 14. PMID- 7032606 TI - [The nucleolus as a possible site of endoplasmic reticulum formation]. AB - Complex investigations of plant and animal cells showed the nucleolus as a compartmental pulsatile system with the cycle of about one hour. Two main constitutions of the nucleolus are revealed by vital cytochemical methods: lipid positive and lipid-negative ones. A new model of transcription is suggested. According to this model the nucleolus is a place of endoplasmic reticulum formation. The programmed endoplasmic reticulum goes out to the cytoplasm through a special channel just as the nucleolus contracts. PMID- 7032607 TI - Effect of antibiotics on fatty acid composition of strains of E. coli K12 carrying R-plasmids. AB - A dynamic approach was employed for a study of the reaction of the fatty acid pool of sensitive and resistant strains of E. coli K12 in response to the introduction of antibiotics. Bacteria whose resistance is controlled by plasmids exhibited a specific reaction - a reversible increase in the concentration of cis 9,10-methyl-enehexadecanoic acid. Strains of E. coli K12 (C600, J53, CSH-2) carrying plasmids RP4, R6K, R1 drd 19, pMB9, R386, RP1, RtS-1, were studied. PMID- 7032608 TI - [Control of lipogenesis in rat liver by changing the enzyme activity of the citrate-pyruvate system of acetyl coenzyme A transport]. AB - The effects of insulin and tyroxin on the activities of pyruvate kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, ATP-citrate-lyase, NADP-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylase), lactate dehydrogenase and on that of pyruvate carrier in rat liver were investigated. Insulin increased the activities of all the enzymes tested. The total activity of lactate dehydrogenase was not altered thereby; however, a redistribution of isoenzymes towards an increase in LDH1 and a decrease of LDH4 was observed. No increase of the pyruvate kinase, ATP-citrate-lyase and NADP malate dehydrogenase activities took place, when actinomycin D was injected simultaneously with insulin. Tyroxin decreased the activities of pyruvate kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase and ATP-citrate-lyase and increased that of NADP-malate dehydrogenase. The role of induction by insulin and inhibition by tyroxin of the enzyme activity in the citrate-pyruvate system of CoASA transport in lipogenesis control in rat liver is discussed. It is assumed that when lipogenesis is stimulated by insulin, the malate oxidized by the malate dehydrogenase reaction is formed in the cytoplasm, while under tyroxin action it is produced by the mitochondria. PMID- 7032609 TI - [Polypeptide synthesis dependent on kinetoplast DNA from Crithidia oncopelti in a cell-free system of E. coli]. AB - The ability of a complex associate made up of maxi- and mini-circular molecules of kinetoplast DNA from C oncopelti to perform polypeptide synthesis in a cell free system of conjugate transcription and translation of E. coli was demonstrated. The coding function of maxi-circular molecules and genetic inertness of mini-circular molecules of kinetoplast DNA during polypeptide synthesis in vitro was found. Total RNA from the kinetoplasts was shown to undergo translation in cell-free protein-synthesizing system of E. coli to form 9 10 polypeptides. The molecular weights of many polypeptides, whose synthesis in this system is performed by DNA and RNA from Kinetoplasts were found to be similar. PMID- 7032610 TI - [Isolation and comparative properties of serine proteinases of the microscopic fungi Trichoderma lignorum and Trichoderma koningii]. AB - Using affinity chromatography on bacitracin-Sepharose combined with ion-exchange chromatography on aminosilochrome and isoelectrofocusing, individual serine proteases have been isolated for the first time from surface cultures of T. lignorum and T. koningii. The proteinases have pI values at 6.8 and 6.7 and pH optima of 10.5. Both proteinases are stable within the pH range of 4-11 and have molecular weight of 21 000. The amino acid composition of T. lignorum enzyme is Lys3His4Arg9Asx23Thr17Ser23Glx10Pro8Gly27Ala25Cys3Val13Met2Ile11Leu11Tyr7Phe6Tr p3, that of the T. koningii enzyme is Lys3His4 Arg9Asx23Thr16Ser26Glx10Pro9Gly29Ala26Cys3Val14Met2Ile9Leu11Tyr6Phe5Trp3. The enzymes are completely inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, diphenylcarbamoylchloride and trypsin inhibitors from beans, Actinomyces janthinus and potato tubers. The enzymatic and molecular properties of the enzymes are similar to those of subtilisins and previously described fungal serine proteinases, especially to those of proteinase K of the fungus Tritirachium album Limber. PMID- 7032611 TI - [DNA methylation in the cells of Escherichia coli MRE 600 in the presence of S methylmethionine]. AB - The effect of S-methylmethionine (SMM), a methyl group donor, on enzymatic methylation of DNA in E. coli MRE 600 cells was studied. It was found that SMM can be used as a donor of methyl groups during bacterial DNA methylation in vivo without changing the specificity of DNA methylation. PMID- 7032612 TI - [Neutral proteinase from brain, hydrolyzing serum albumin]. AB - The regional, cellular and subcellular distribution of neutral proteinase hydrolyzing serum albumin in the brain was studied. The enzyme was detected in soluble cell fraction. The neutral proteinase activity in the neuron cell enriched fraction from the cat cortex was 4 times as high as that in the glia. Neutral proteinase was isolated and purified from bovine cerebellum by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, gel chromatography and affinity chromatography on albumin-Biogel P-300. Two peaks of neutral proteinase activity were observed. The degree of purification was 3400 and 7700, respectively; the recovery was 6 and 4%, respectively. The enzyme was activated by 2-mercaptoethanol and was inhibited by EDTA and p-chloromercurybenzoate. Phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride and pepstatin had no effect on the enzyme activity. The inhibitory analysis demonstrated that the enzyme probably contains some proteinases capable to bind to immobilized serum albumin. PMID- 7032613 TI - Biphasic development of the postnatal mouse pancreas. AB - Conventional biochemical and histological methods along with DNA flow-cytometric analysis were used (1) to define development of the mouse pancreas from birth to day 90 and (2) to provide information critical for studies on isolated islets and their component cells. Pancreas development in the mouse followed a biphasic pattern. Phase one extended from birth through day 15 and was dominated by proliferation and growth of endocrine cells as most islets attained adult form by day 15. Phase two, from day 15 through 30, was dominated by proliferation and growth of exocrine cells which became maximal by day 20. These data provide evidence suggesting that the optimum age for islet isolation is toward the end of phase one and before phase two, between days 10 and 15, and the optimum age for isolation of endocrine cells for proliferation and growth in culture is during the early part of phase one before most islets have attained adult form, between days 5 and 9. PMID- 7032614 TI - Lack of effect on body weight and content of nitrogen and fat after insulin administration to fetal rats. AB - The effect of fetal insulin injection on body weight and carcass lipid and nitrogen content was studied in four groups of rat fetuses. In each litter, one fetus in each horn was randomly chosen for treatment with either insulin injection, saline injection, insulin solvent injection or sham operation. Injections were given subcutaneously to the fetuses on days 18 1/2, 19 1/2, and 20 1/2 of gestation. The experimental model and the statistical evaluation took into consideration the influence of the fetal position in the uterine horn as well as the variability of fetal size between different litters. Using this experimental model we found that insulin injections to the fetal rat had no effect on body weight and body composition. PMID- 7032615 TI - Localization of digoxin in sheep myocardium by immunofluorescent microscopy. AB - 6 newborn and 6 adult sheep were treated intravenously with digoxin for 2 weeks prior to sacrifice. Plasma and myocardial concentrations of digoxin were determined at steady state; the myocardial/plasma digoxin ratio was similar for the newborn and adult sheep. An immunofluorescent technique was used to localize digoxin within the myocardium. The pattern of fluorescence also did not vary with age. These studies show no age-related differences in the penetration or localization of digoxin within the heart. A simple immunofluorescent technique for the localization of digoxin within the heart is described. PMID- 7032616 TI - A comparative calorimetric study on tRNA unfolding. AB - The heat effects involved in thermal unfolding of five tRNAs with different primary structures have been determined by direct differential scanning microcalorimetry. The overall molar values of the transition enthalpy (delta Ht) are 1150 kJ/mol for tRNA Lys2 (yeast), 1250 kJ/mol for tRNA Phe (yeast), 1350 kJ/mol for tRNA Val (yeast), 1490 kJ/mol for tRNA Val (E. coli) and 1630 kJ/mol for tRNA Tyr (E. coli). The tRNAs differ in their melting behaviour as can be shown by a comparison of the calorimetric curves. The calorimetrically measured delta Ht values are about 350 kJ/mol higher than the transition enthalpy values for the cloverleaf arrangement, which were estimated using the known parameters for G.C and A.U base pairs. PMID- 7032617 TI - Unfolded 30 S ribosomal subunits. AB - The 30 S ribosomal subunit from Escherichia coli was unfolded into discrete particles upon which physical studies were carried out. These particles were found to be homogeneous and were characterized using sedimentation velocity, diffusion, density and viscosity measurements. The results of these studies clearly certify two distinct stages of unfolding, neither involving a significant loss of protein. However, the results also clearly show that the measurement of only one characteristic (e.g., the sedimentation coefficient) is not sufficient to suggest a structural change. The significance and importance of the apparent specific volume are stressed. PMID- 7032618 TI - The biological disposition and kinetics of lithium. PMID- 7032620 TI - [Effect of different transplant conditions on lipid peroxidation in the transplant and the recipient's tissues]. AB - This work analyses the change of LPO intensity in transplanted skin and in recipient tissue: in blood and skin adjoining the transplants during 27 days after auto- and homotransplantation. A conclusion is made that primary LPO strengthening of autotransplants and skin, adjoining the transplant during 9-14 days after transplantation, growing lesser, reaches the level of intact skin. Under homotransplantation the primary LPO strengthening not only reaches the initial level 9-14 days of the transplantation, but continues to increase. It was shown that the first maximum of LPO strengthening in the transplants (2-5 days after transplantation) were caused by ischemic lesions and the second maximum - by immunologic shifts. PMID- 7032619 TI - The metabolism of 125I-labelled insulin by isolated Zucker rat hepatocytes. AB - The metabolism of 125I-labelled insulin by hepatocytes isolated from 48-h-starved Zucker lean and obese rats was studied. Hepatocytes from the lean animals bound significantly more 125I-labelled insulin and had a greater receptor number per cell than did cells from obese littermates. Hepatocytes from the lean animals degraded and internalized more hormone than did those from obese ones. Increased degradation and internalization correlated with the increased receptor number. PMID- 7032621 TI - [Effect of prostaglandins on the conductivity of model membranes]. AB - The authors studied the properties of prostaglandins to increase the permeability of the model membranes from lecithin, ganglioside and proteolipids by ions of alkaline metals. The permeability was found to correlated with the concentrations of prostaglandins. It was also discovered that prostaglandins are capable of forming cation, primarily, potassium permeability. PMID- 7032622 TI - [Gamma- and beta-crystallin gene activation during lens morphogenesis in mice]. AB - Lens anlages from 10-day-old mouse embryos exposed to the treatment with actinomycin D during one hour were cultivated for 15, 18 or 20 hours. Expression of gamma- and beta-crystalline genes was studied by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. It is shown that the activation of gamma- and beta crystalline genes took place in the first stages of the formation of lens fibers, when the cells of the proximal wall of the lens vesicle were undergoing the last mitotic cycle. PMID- 7032623 TI - [Establishment of the endocrine function of cultured beta cells of the islets of Langerhans]. AB - Monolayer cultures of pancreatic islets obtained from the pancreas of guinea-pigs aged 10 days and 3-3.5-months pig embryos were studied at the 2d-3d, 5th-6th and 15th-16th days. These times corresponded with the stages of culture intense growth, stabilization and physiological dying off. The rate of insulin biosynthesis and secretory activity of beta-cells were evaluated from the intensity of 3H-uridine and 3H-leucine incorporation and from the magnitude of immunoreactive insulin secretion into the cultural medium. The proliferating and insulin-synthetizing beta-cells were detected by selective 3H-thymidine or 3H leucine incorporation. In the stages of culture intense growth and dying off the viable beta-cells were distributed into insulin-synthesizing and proliferating ones. During the transition to the stabilization stage the proliferative level of beta-cells drastically decreased, while the biosynthesis and insulin secretion rates increased. This manifested in the increased number of beta-cells which intensely incorporated 3H-thymidine into the nucleus, and 3H-leucin into the cytoplasm, as well as in the rise of immunoreactive insulin concentration in the culture. PMID- 7032624 TI - Utilization of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. AB - The generation of murine monoclonal antibodies reactive with human leukemia and lymphoma cells has recently led to clinical trials that have begun to evaluate the use of these reagents in the treatment of various leukemias and lymphomas. Several of these studies have demonstrated that infusion of monoclonal antibody can cause the rapid and specific clearance of leukemic cells from the peripheral blood. Intravenously administered antibody also rapidly binds to bone marrow lymphoblasts, and in one instance, has resulted in the partial regression of tumor cell infiltrates in lymph nodes and skin. Unfortunately, clinically significant responses have not in general been achieved, but these clinical studies have identified specific factors that result in the development of resistance to antibody-mediated lysis in vivo. These factors include the presence of circulating antigen, antigenic modulation, reactivity of monoclonal antibody with normal cells, immune response to murine antibody, and the inefficiency of natural immune effector mechanisms. Current research is now being directed towards developing methods to circumvent each of these obstacles. Future clinical studies utilizing antibodies in vitro or with different specificity may demonstrate greater therapeutic efficacy. In addition, monoclonal antibodies can be used as carriers of other cytotoxic agents and in conjunction with other agents that will reduce the total load. Monoclonal antibodies represent new and powerful reagents that may in the near future become an additional therapeutic modality for patients with malignant disease. PMID- 7032625 TI - A screening test for assessing iron status. AB - Intervention strategies to combat iron deficiency anemia in developing countries may hasten the development of iron overload in patients with an inherited defect in hemoglobin synthesis. This risk could be diminished if there was a rapid and simple method available for detecting iron overload in population screening programs. We have developed such a method, which is in effect a semiquantitative ferritin measurement based on a modification of a two-site enzyme-linked immunoassay. The assay requires only 2 drops of whole blood and a total incubation time of 90 min. The procedure, which can readily distinguish iron deficiency from even a modest increase in storage iron, has a potentially wide application in settings where a prompt assessment of iron status is required. PMID- 7032626 TI - Reversal of acute ("malignant") myelosclerosis by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. AB - A 28-yr-old woman with acute malignant myelosclerosis received, as primary treatment, ablative chemotherapy and total body radiation therapy followed by bone marrow transplantation from her histocompatible brother. The patient is now well more than 15 mo after bone marrow transplantation, with normal peripheral blood counts, a normal bone marrow, no evidence of graft-versus-host disease, and is on no therapy. In light of the poor results obtained with conventional chemotherapy in this disease, bone marrow transplantation may represent the treatment of choice for patients who have an appropriate donor. PMID- 7032627 TI - Specificity of autoantibodies in autoimmune thrombocytopenia. AB - In 42 patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP) and a positive direct platelet suspension immunofluorescence test (PSIFT), the antigenic specificity of the autoantibodies was studied. Because the autoantibodies were often not detectable in the serum and additional HLA antibodies may disturb the reaction pattern with the platelet panel, we used eluates prepared from the patients' platelets for this study. Thirty-five patients had antibodies equally reactive with normal platelets, irrespective of their antigenic make-up, but not with the platelets from two Glanzmann's disease patients. Absorption and elution experiments in two patients showed that his was probably not due to the presence of a combination of anti-Zwa and anti-Zwb antibodies. Thus, the majority of autoantibodies against platelets seems to be directed against antigenic determinants not present on Glanzmann's disease platelets, but perhaps located on the platelet-membrane glycoproteins IIb and/or IIIa. In ten patients, antibodies of no, or still unknown, specificity were detected. Three of these had additional antibodies not reactive with the platelets of the two Glanzmann patients. PMID- 7032628 TI - [Effect of pyrolysis products of polypropylene plastic on the defence mechanisms of the respiratory system (author's transl)]. AB - Since the use of plastic materials, a change in the pathology of fire victims has been observed. We studied the effects of a single short-term inhalation (30 min) of a sub-lethal dose of polypropylene pyrolysis products (one LD-0). Including control and test animals, 66 rats and 112 mice were used. The exposure provoked disturbances in the antixenic defense mechanisms of the respiratory system, chiefly in tracheo-bronchial defenses, since we observed a lowering of ciliary activity of 35 to 78% in test animals exposed a few hours before, compared with the controls. These changes provoked a significant increase in death-rate of test animals, following experimental airborne infection by Klebsiella pneumoniae. The combustion products of polypropylene plastic materials did not contain hydrocyanic acid nor hydrochloric acid, and neither the temperature of the inhaled air, nor the concentration of carbon monoxide could explain these effects. On the contrary, we can suspect the well known irritative properties of aldehyde compounds formed during smoldering combustion of polypropylene. PMID- 7032629 TI - [Effects of oral almitrine on the distribution of VA/Q ratio in chronic obstructive lung diseases (author's transl)]. AB - A double blind study of effects of a low dose of almitrine has been performed in patients with severe chronic obstructive lung diseases. Besides hemodynamic and ventilation data, ventilation-perfusion ratio distribution was measured by the inert gas method in order to try to explain the improvement in blood gases caused by this drug. At the dose of 1.5 mg/kg almitrine produces : 1) an increase in ventilation and PaO2, 2) no change in pulmonary vascular resistances compared to a rise on placebo, 3) a drop of 4% in the percentage of cardiac output perfusing low VA/Q lung units with a concomitant increase in lung units with VA/Q ratio between 0.1 and 10, and 4) no significant change in the distribution of ventilation. The change in the distribution of blood flow is one of the causes of the rise in PaO2, but its mechanism is at yet not clear. The present results suggest arterial vasoconstriction in units with very low VA/Q accompanied by diversion of blood flow towards lung units with higher VA/Q ratio. PMID- 7032630 TI - Reflexes concerned in the defence of the lungs. PMID- 7032631 TI - The significance of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue. PMID- 7032632 TI - Prostaglandins release plasma 'reciprocal coupling factor' in anaesthetized rats. AB - 1. Prostaglandins E1, E2, I2 and endoperoxide analogue U46619 injected intra arterially (i.a.) into anaesthetized rats at 2 micrograms/kg caused a substantial increase within 60 min of the plasma activity of prostaglandin 'reciprocal coupling factor' (RCF). RCF is the provisional name for the component(s) of plasma which inhibit microsomal prostaglandin synthesis and enhance cytosolic prostaglandin breakdown. 2. RCF is not released by inactive metabolite 13,14 dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin E2 (10 micrograms/kg, i.a.) or acetylcholine or histamine (2 micrograms/kg, i.a.). 3. We suggest that release by prostaglandins of RCF would provide the basis in vivo for a negative feedback mechanism controlling the activity of the prostaglandin system. PMID- 7032633 TI - The two manias. PMID- 7032634 TI - Sports medicine-health care information-supply and demand. PMID- 7032635 TI - Pheidippides and the Marathon run. PMID- 7032636 TI - Intravascular contrast media--the past, the present and the future. Mackenzie Davidson Memorial Lecture, April 1981. PMID- 7032637 TI - A comparison of iopamidol and diatrizoate in peripheral angiography. PMID- 7032638 TI - Avascular necrosis of metacarpal heads following renal transplantation. PMID- 7032639 TI - A controlled trial of bladder drill and drug therapy in the management of detrusor instability. PMID- 7032640 TI - A controlled trial of single dose intravesical adriamycin in superficial bladder tumours. AB - Sixty patients with recurrent superficial bladder tumours (Ta or T1) entered an open controlled trial of single dose Adriamycin. After transurethral resection of tumor recurrences, patients were alternately allocated to the control group or to the Adriamycin group, who received an instillation of 50 mg of Adriamycin in 50 ml of saline for 30 min. Six months later all patients were readmitted for endoscopy. In the Adriamycin group significantly more patients showed a decrease in the number of recurrent papillomas (72%) than in the control group (39%). This study shows that the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in the form of single dose Adriamycin is effective in reducing tumour recurrence. PMID- 7032641 TI - Prostatodynia--physiological characteristics and rational management with muscle relaxants. AB - Patients with a clinical diagnosis of prostatodynia were evaluated by bacteriological, urodynamic and psychological means. In a prospective study 27 patients were entered on a trial of phenoxybenzamine, baclofen and placebo. A 50% symptomatic response was reported with phenoxybenzamine. PMID- 7032642 TI - Reversal of vasectomy: the effects of sperm antibodies on subsequent fertility. AB - Antisperm antibodies were measured in serum and seminal plasma in 130 males before and after vasectomy reversal and the occurrence of pregnancy was analysed in the partners of 77 who were followed for more than one year. Sperm agglutinating antibodies were found in the serum of 79% of patients; seminal plasma antibodies were present in only 9.5% before reversal and this rose to 26% afterwards. Pregnancies occurred in the partners of 53% of those men who were trying to produce children. A pregnancy was significantly less likely when the pre-operative serum antisperm antibody titre was 512 or more, but no decrease in fertility was seen with titres below this. Several pregnancies were produced by patients with seminal plasma antibodies, but numbers and follow-up are too small to permit detailed analysis. A randomised controlled trial of per-operative steroids showed that they produced no benefit. The antisperm antibodies associated with vasectomy reversal appear to differ fundamentally from those occurring in naturally subfertile males. PMID- 7032643 TI - Benign oesophageal strictures: historical and technical aspects of dilatation. AB - A review of the different bougies used over the years confirms that the dilators presently available are adequate for the conservative management of oesophageal benign strictures. Most of these are of an old but well-tested design. Several additional techniques may have to be tried in difficult patients. Dysphagia can be relieved by the passage os size 39 FG bougies but many will wish to increase this to 60 FG, if it is possible. Failure of conservative management by dilatation only can be defined as (a) technical impossibility to dilate sufficiently to relieve the dysphagia, which is rare, or (b) when the patient or the surgeon considers the procedure is being done too frequently, which must be measured in FG for the bougie and weeks for frequency. The more expert the surgeon becomes at dilatation, the safer it will become, and the necessity for surgical intervention will be less frequent. PMID- 7032644 TI - Biometrical genetics and individual differences. PMID- 7032645 TI - The control of drinking. PMID- 7032646 TI - The physiology of appetite. PMID- 7032647 TI - Intracranial self-stimulation. PMID- 7032648 TI - Ontogeny of behaviour. PMID- 7032649 TI - Conditioning and associative learning. PMID- 7032650 TI - Control of internal activities. PMID- 7032651 TI - Brain mechanisms of mammalian memory. PMID- 7032652 TI - Visual perception and perceptual disorder. PMID- 7032653 TI - Neurological impairment of cognitive processes. PMID- 7032654 TI - Anxiety as a paradigm case of emotion. PMID- 7032655 TI - Psychophysiology of abnormal behaviour. PMID- 7032656 TI - Initial report on combined in vivo single cell recording and intracellular staining. AB - This paper reports preliminary data obtained from the combination of extracellular single unit recording, microiontophoretic testing and intracellular staining of single neurons in the diencephalon of the anesthetized rat. Sixty neurons were recorded extracellularly and iontophoretically tested with glass multibarrelled micropipettes. Thirty-four of these neurons were identified by antidromic invasion from median eminence stimulation. Seventeen of these antidromically identified neurons were subsequently impaled with the micropipette and intracellularly stained with the fluorescent dye lucifer yellow-CH. The average diameter of the antidromically identified neuronal cell bodies was 7.4 microns. The iontophoretic response profiles of these stained neurons were similar to the profiles of non-stained antidromically identified neurons. Four of the remaining 26 neurons were synaptically activated from median eminence stimulation and were successfully marked with lucifer yellow. Average soma diameters of these neurons was 12.8 microns. Twenty-two neurons were not antidromically or orthodromically identified from median eminence stimulation. Three of these neurons were intracellularly stained with lucifer yellow and their soma diameters averaged 6.9 microns. Approximately 50% of all staining attempts, subsequent to extracellular recording and iontophoretic testing, were successful. The combination of these techniques is therefore a feasible approach to the in vivo study of the physiologic, pharmacologic and morphologic properties of single neurons. PMID- 7032657 TI - [Increase in the total number of collective food toxi-infections in 1980]. PMID- 7032658 TI - [The danger of contact anesthetics in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7032659 TI - [Social medicine, professional secrecy and humanism]. PMID- 7032660 TI - [Current status of biology in medical practice and in health expenditures]. PMID- 7032661 TI - [Surgical management of myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 7032662 TI - [French medicine from 1790 to 1850]. PMID- 7032663 TI - [Limits of efficient ventricular defibrillation in myocardial ischemia (experimental documents)]. PMID- 7032665 TI - [Ethyl ether poisoning]. PMID- 7032664 TI - [Alcoholism and diseases of the pancreas]. PMID- 7032666 TI - [Poisoning by ether and other volatile solvents]. PMID- 7032667 TI - [Prevention of atherosclerosis and its complications]. PMID- 7032668 TI - [Social medicine, professional secrecy and humanism]. PMID- 7032669 TI - A sedation technique for the younger child. PMID- 7032670 TI - Intramural and mural ameloblastoma. PMID- 7032671 TI - Reversal of diazepam induced apnea with physostigmine. PMID- 7032672 TI - Differential effects of ethanol and the rpsL1 (strA1) ribosomal mutation on the synthesis of an unusual protein coded by bacteriophages R17 and MS2 RNA. AB - During translation of R17 and MS2 RNA, ethanol stimulates the synthesis of a coat related protein which has identical electrophoretic mobility to that of polypeptide 7 studied by Atkins and his colleagues. Streptomycin stimulates the synthesis of this polypeptide and broadens the protein band. In contrast the ribosomal protein S12 mutation rpsL1 (strA1) has no detectable effect on its synthesis. PMID- 7032673 TI - Effects of altered ribonucleotide concentrations on ribonucleotide reduction in intact Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - The effect of changes in ribonucleoside triphosphate concentrations on those of deoxyribonucleotides has been determined in Chinese hamster ovary K-1 cells. Ribonucleoside triphosphate concentrations were manipulated by the use of drugs or naturally occurring purines or pyrimidines. Changes in the concentration of each ribonucleoside triphosphate led to changes in the concentration of each corresponding deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate. The relationships between the concentrations of CTP and dCTP and between those of GTP and dGTP were linear over a wide range. The relationship between the concentrations of ATP and dATP was linear over the narrow range studied, while the relationship between UTP and dTTP concentrations was curvilinear. Overall, these results demonstrate that ribonucleotides play an important role in controlling deoxyribonucleotide concentrations but the exact mechanism of this control remains to be determined. PMID- 7032674 TI - Regulation of ribonucleotide reduction by deoxyribonucleotides in intact Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - The ribonucleotide reductase model of Thelander and Reichard, which is based on studies of the purified enzyme, has been tested in cultured Chinese hamster ovary K-1 cells. Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate concentrations were manipulated by the use of drugs or naturally occurring deoxyribonucleosides, and ribo- and deoxyribo-nucleoside triphosphate concentrations were measured. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that dTTP inhibits CDP reduction and stimulates GDP reduction, and that dGTP inhibits CDP reduction. However, the results are contrary to the hypothesis that dGTP inhibits UDP reduction and stimulates ADP reduction, and that dATP inhibits CDP reduction. It is concluded that the model of Thelander and Reichard applies only in part to intact CHO cells. PMID- 7032675 TI - Regulation of the activity of a calcium-activated neutral protease during differentiation of skeletal myoblasts. AB - A calcium-activated neutral protease activity appears concomitantly with myotube formation during the differentiation of a cell line of rat skeletal myoblasts. Other proteases such as cathepsin D and plasminogen activator, however, do not show any changes in their activities. The appearance of the protease is not fusion dependent, as judged by assays of fusion defective myoblast mutants. The formation of the protease is suppressed along with differentiation in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine. Undifferentiated myoblasts contain a potent inhibitor of the protease. The inhibitor, which is probably proteinaceous in nature, is lost during the differentiation of the cells into myotubes. This mode of regulation of an enzyme during differentiation seems so far to be an unique example of its kind. PMID- 7032676 TI - The coactivation of antagonist muscles. AB - Since Sherrington's convincing demonstration of the reciprocal innervation of opposing muscles, it has generally been thought that antagonist muscles are inactive during most voluntary movements. However, more recent evidence suggests that excitation of Renshaw cells may facilitate antagonist coactivation whereas excitation of Ia inhibitory neurons can induce reciprocal inhibition. A body of evidence has accumulated to indicate some of the circumstances which particularly favour the co-contraction of antagonist muscles. Isometric prehension, either in the precision grip or the power grip, can be shown to be one of the most important examples of antagonist coactivation. Studies of the discharge of single Purkinje cells of the intermediate cerebellar cortex in awake monkeys during performance of a maintained grip revealed that the majority of these neurons are deactivated during antagonist co-contraction. In contrast, other, unidentified neurons of the cerebellar cortex were as a group activated during grasping. It is suggested that the Purkinje cells act to inhibit antagonist muscles during reciprocal inhibition but are themselves inhibited during antagonist coactivation. These results support a suggestion made by Tilney and Pike in 1925 that the cerebellum plays an important role in switching between the coactivation and reciprocal inhibition of antagonist muscles. PMID- 7032677 TI - Detection of beta-lactamase in Haemophilus influenzae by immunofluorescence. AB - Beta-lactamase immunizing antigen was prepared from cells of an ampicillin resistant strain of Haemophilus influenzae by cold osmotic shock followed by DEAE column fractionation. Nonspecific antibodies were removed by cross-absorption with cells of an ampicillin-sensitive strain of H. influenzae. An residual nonspecific antibodies remaining after cross-absorption were effectively eliminated by dilution of the anti-beta-lactamase serum 1:50. Twenty strains were tested for presence of beta-lactamase by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. By this technique 91% of the strains in multiple smears were correctly identified as to the presence or absence of beta-lactamase in a blind study. The beta-lactamases of other gram-negative bacteria were not detectable by this technique. PMID- 7032678 TI - Extracellular virulence factors of Aeromonas hydrophila in fish infections. AB - Aeromonas hydrophila NRC 505 produced extracellular substances which were capable of causing pathological effects when injected into trout. Proteolytic activity and haemolytic activity of the extracellular products, and the effect on fish, were lost on heating. The extracellular substances from strain G35, a protease deficient mutant, were significantly more toxic to both rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and speckled trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) than the analogous preparation from the parental strain NRC 505. The response of speckled trout injected intraperitoneally with dilutions of the extracellular preparations implicates haemolytic activity as a significant lethality factor. PMID- 7032679 TI - Type III group B streptococcal infections in mice: bacteremia and meningitis following oral inoculation. AB - The successful production of disease in mice by a type III group B streptococcus is described in this report. When injected intravenously, 106 organisms produced a fulminating sepsis and resulted in 100% mortality within 48 h. Inoculation of 108 - 109 organisms directly onto the surface of the oropharynx progressed to bacteremia and meningitis in greater than 50% of animals. In a group of mice treated with penicillin immediately after oropharyngeal inoculation, the incidence of invasive bacteremia was reduced to 30%. The use of this animal model for studying the pathogenesis and treatment of experimentally produced meningitis and eradication of oropharyngeal colonization is discussed. PMID- 7032680 TI - Mapping of a new pan mutation in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - A previously unmapped pan gene was localized in an Escherichia coli K-12 strain using Hfr and F' matings and by transduction studies. This Pan- mutation was shown by supplementation studies to impart a block in pantoate biosynthesis. The pan gene cotransduced with rha, metB, and argE placing it at 87 min. PMID- 7032681 TI - Clinical trial of Corynebacterium parvum (intra-lymph-node and intravenous) and radiation therapy in the treatment of head and neck carcinoma. AB - Fifty-seven patients with previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region of all clinical stages were entered a trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Corynebacterium parvum combined with radiation therapy in improving local and survival results. Twenty-nine patients were randomized to receive radiation therapy alone, and 28 patients were randomized to receive radiation therapy combined with C. parvum. The C. parvum was administered into the tumor-bearing lymph nodes of the neck or into the cervical node region in non node-positive patients (4 mg/m2) and by intravenous routes (at 2, 2, 4, 4 and 4 mg/M2) at days -10, -7, and -3 before, and at +7 and +14 days after the start of radiation therapy. The study began in July 1975 and was terminated after 2 1/2 years of patient accession. The statistical analysis showed that those receiving C. parvum were not doing better than controls and, in fact, in some subgroups there was concern that they might be doing less well. Pertinently, analysis showed that those receiving C. parvum would not experience the 25% point improvement in disease-free survival frequency which had been stipulated in the design of the protocol. PMID- 7032682 TI - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in human cancer: characterization of patient leukocyte activity and treatment effects. AB - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), medicated by peripheral blood Hypaque-Ficoll separated mononuclear cells, was studied in humans using chicken erythrocytes (CRBC) incubated in a 1:1200 dilution of rabbit anti-CRBC and human B erythrocytes (HRBC) incubation in a 1:20 dilution of isoantibody. At the optimal target effector ratio of 3:1, ADCC to both CRBC and HRBC was significantly higher than normal in 27 lung cancer, 18 malignant melanoma, and seven colon cancer patients, but not in 20 breast cancer patients. Chemotherapy (single-agent or combination) in 12 patients did not effect ADCC in vitro but significantly suppressed ADCC to both targets after only four or five days of therapy in vivo (ADCC to CRBC, 47.4 to 24.1% lysis: ADCC to HRBC, 48.1 to 16.3% lysis). Immunotherapy with intravenous (IV) corynebacterium parvum or IV methanol extraction residue of BCG (MER) boosted ADCC to both targets within four to seven days of the first dose. It was found that ADCC to HRBC but not to CRBC was completely absent in three cases of active hairy cell leukemia but was present in two cases in remission. The ADCC to HRBC showed an age-dependent increase in both the 51 normal subject and the cancer patients. This was not observed for ADCC to CRBC. The ADCC to CRBC was mediated mainly by an Fc-receptor-positive, nonadherent, small lymphocyte, and ADCC to HRBC was mediated entirely by an adherent monocyte. The ADCC did not correlate significantly with the H3 thymidine incorporation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, cultured without stimulation for either one or seven days. It also did not correlate with the number of residual granulocytes in the mononuclear cell suspensions. Measurement of ADCC is a useful method of characterizing host defense in malignant disease and its modification by therapy. PMID- 7032683 TI - The influence of histologic type on the incidence and duration of response in non Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - A group of 227 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma included seven favorable and four unfavorable histologic classes with collective median survival times of 83 and 16 months, respectively. The favorable group included three follicular subgroups (cleaved, mixed, and large noncleaved) and four diffuse classes (small lymphocytic, cleaved, Burkitt's noncleaved, and convoluted lymphocytic). The unfavorable group consisted of four diffuse subgroups (plasmacytoid lymphocytic, mixed, and small and large noncleaved). There were significant differences in collective median survivals between patients in Stage I--II and those in Stage III--IV in both the favorable group (not reached, NR versus 62 months, P less than 0.001) and the unfavorable group (57 months versus 12 months, P less than 0.01). The incidence of complete response to primary treatment was higher in the favorable than in the unfavorable group (75% versus 56%, P = 0.002) and in those with limited as compared with advanced disease. Complete responders in both prognostic groups had longer survival times than did partial or minimal responders. A significant difference in median complete remission duration was found between responders in Stage I--II versus Stages III-IV in the favorable group (not reached versus 40 months, P = 0.001) but not in the unfavorable one (56 months versus 22 months, P greater than 0.05). The absence of relapses after 41 months among complete responders in the favorable but not in the unfavorable group suggests a potential for cure in a proportion of cases from the former group. The incidence of complete response was lower and median remission duration was shorter after secondary as compared with primary treatment. The results of this study confirm the prognostic value of the Lukes and Collins classification system and the importance of initial staging and of achieving a complete response to primary treatment in both the favorable and unfavorable lymphomas. PMID- 7032684 TI - Growth characteristics of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]-formamide (FANFT) induced mouse bladder tumor lines in a human tumor stem cell assay. AB - Four N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]-Formamide (FANFT)-induced mouse bladder tumor (MBT) lines were tested for their ability to form colonies in a tumor stem cell assay. Anticancer drug testing was done using this assay to determine whether reproducible colony survival curves could be be produced. All four cell lines produced colonies at 10--14 days, whether taken from culture or murine tumor. Cloning efficiencies ranged from 0.29% to 1.93% from culture and from 0.005% to 0.05% from the murine source. Growth characteristics were described. Cells from colonies were histologically similar to the original cells plated. A linear relationship existed between the number of cells plated and the number of colonies produced. In vitro drug studies were reproducible and correlated with in vivo data. Therefore, MBT lines can be used for in vitro drug testing in a tumor stem cell assay and may be useful in selecting active chemotherapeutic agents in the murine tumor model. PMID- 7032685 TI - Relationships between pancreaticobiliary ductal anatomy and pancreatic ductal and parenchymal histology. AB - To determine whether ductal or parenchymal histologic abnormalities were related to the type of openings of the pancreatic duct and common bile duct into the duodenum, 390 unfixed human postmortem en bloc pancreaticoduodenal specimens were examined anatomically, radiographically, and histologically. In 353 specimens, ductal openings were classifiable: 25% had a well-defined ampulla, 18% a long common channel, 31% a short common channel, 7% an interposed septum, and 19% had separate openings for the pancreatic and bile ducts. Ductal histologic abnormalities were present in 25% of the specimens and most (77%) were found in the pancreatic head. When ductal openings were grouped according to the presence or lack of a prominent common channel, ductal epithelial abnormalities were more common in the absence of a prominent common channel (30% vs. 19%, p less than 0.04). Papillary epithelial hyperplasia was associated only with the absence of a prominent common channel (P = 0.02). Histologic abnormalities were more common in the elderly (P less than 0.005) but were not associated with cause of death or the presence of the minor pancreatic duct. Lack of a common channel is associated with abnormal ductal epithelium. This anatomic arrangement may be a factor in pancreatic carcinogenesis. PMID- 7032686 TI - Significance of the Barr body in human female tumors. PMID- 7032687 TI - Oncogenic transformation and the reductions of insulin secretion and proliferative calcium dependence during repeated passage of pancreatic islet cells in vitro. AB - Islet cells were isolated from 2 fetal bovine pancreas glands and cultivated in vitro. During the course of repeated passage in vitro, the B-cells in these cultures retained the ability to synthesize insulin, but rapidly lost the ability to secrete it. The cells also became progressively more able to proliferate in calcium-deficient medium which did not support the proliferation of cells from primary cultures. The reductions of insulin secretion and proliferative calcium dependence were accompanied by the acquisition of the ability to produce tumors in nude mice. PMID- 7032688 TI - Immunocytological detection of AAF-DNA adducts in HeLa cell nuclei. AB - Acetylaminofluorene-DNA adducts (AAF-DNA) were detected in the nuclei of HeLa cells exposed to N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-Ac-AAF), using an immunocytological technique and specific antibodies directed against AAF modified DNA. The proportion of cells exhibiting specific nuclear immunoreactivity was dose-dependent. The time course of disappearance of adduct specific nuclear immunoreactivity was compared with removal of N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2 acetylaminofluorene (dG-C8-AAF) and other adducts. PMID- 7032689 TI - Fibronectin and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in normal human brain and anaplastic human gliomas. PMID- 7032690 TI - Hormonal regulation of zinc metabolism in a human prostatic carcinoma cell line (PC-3). PMID- 7032691 TI - Role of tumor cell membrane-bound serine proteases in tumor-induced target cytolysis. AB - The tumor-induced marrow and red blood cell cytolysis assays have been used to explore the mechanism of cancer cell destruction of normal cells. Previously, we suggested that tumor-induced cytolysis was caused by tumor cell membrane-bound serine proteases. In this study, we have shown that concentrations of the broad spectrum serine protease inhibitor diisopropylfluorophosphate that did not inhibit tumor cell DNA and protein synthesis completely abrogated tumor-induced red blood cell cytolysis. In addition, tumor cell membranes isolated by differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugation and characterized by electron microscopy and enzyme marker analysis were cytolytic for rat 59Fe labeled red blood cells. The specific activity expressed as release index (%) per microgram of protein was 1.620 for the tumor cell membrane preparations as compared to 0.002 for intact Walker 256 tumor cells. Tumor cell membranes solubilized in Triton X-100 had activity in the p-toluenesulfonyl-L-arginine methyl ester assay for trypsin-like enzymes and the N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester assay for chymotrypsin-like enzymes. The enzyme activities demonstrated in these assays could be inhibited by N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone HCl and L-1-tosylamide-alpha-phenyl-ethyl chloromethyl ketone, respectively. Using [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate affinity labeling of the tumor cell membrane proteins followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we have identified membrane-bound serine protease(s) that appear to be responsible for tumor-induced marrow and red blood cell cytolysis. PMID- 7032692 TI - Transferrin in the rat prostate Dunning tumor. AB - A major protein of the rat Dunning prostate tumor has been purified. It has physicochemical properties and an amino acid composition similar to that of transferrin. Furthermore, the isolated tumor protein reacts with antiserum to authentic rat transferrin. Immunoperoxidase staining with rabbit anti-rat transferrin localizes transferrin within tumor acinar glands. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis indicates that transferrin constitutes 30 to 40% of tumor fluid protein, but accounts for only approximately 9% of total serum protein. In normal rat prostate cytosols, the level of transferrin is at least 200 times lower than in tumor cytosol. Nevertheless, dorsal and lateral prostate show variable peroxidase staining indicating the presence of immunoreactive transferrin within acinar glands of these normal tissues. While intense staining for transferrin was found in the interstium of all regions of the normal prostate, transferrin was not detected within acinar glands of coagulating gland, ventral prostate, or seminal vesicle. Immunocytochemical localization of albumin indicates a distribution similar to that of transferrin in normal and neoplastic rat prostate. However, unlike transferrin, the albumin content was lower in tumor fluid than in serum. It is suggested that the high level of transferrin in tumor fluid may be due to selective uptake by the tumor from serum. PMID- 7032694 TI - Isolation of lung carcinoma-associated antibodies from immune complexes and production of heterologous antisera. AB - Immune complexes isolated from pleural effusions of lung carcinomas were dissociated by ion exchange chromatography in the presence of 8 M urea. The antibodies thus obtained from 2 lung adenocarcinomas and 2 squamous cell carcinomas were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence against a variety of target cells in fresh suspensions, tissue cultures, and paraffin-embedded sections. Strong cytoplasmic fluorescence was obtained with greater than 90% of the cell populations of all major histological types of lung carcinomas, and negative fluorescence was obtained with the cells of normal lung tissues and most of the nonpulmonary carcinomas. Antigen fractions prepared from the same lung carcinoma-associated immune complexes were used to immunize rabbits for the production of antisera directed against human lung carcinoma. The rabbit antibody preparations after proper absorptions were assayed in indirect immunofluorescence showing patterns of reactivity with normal and tumor cells of various derivations similar to those obtained with the human antibodies. Complete blocking of immunofluorescence staining with both allogeneic and xenogeneic antibody preparations was achieved by prior absorption with lung tumor tissue extracts or with various lung tumor antigen preparations. The present study demonstrates the isolation from lung tumor effusion immune complexes of antibodies with high affinity for lung carcinoma cells and of antigens that can be used to produce tumor-directed heterologous antibodies. The immunofluorescence staining of lung carcinoma-associated antigens in situ on paraffin-embedded sections provides new, topographical information. PMID- 7032693 TI - Alteration in spleen lymphoid populations associated with specific amino acid depletion during L-asparaginase treatment. PMID- 7032695 TI - Isolation of quiescent cells from multicellular tumor spheroids using centrifugal elutriation. AB - A quiescent (nonproliferating) subpopulation was identified by flow cytometric analysis using two-step acridine orange staining in the EMT6/Rochester, N. Y. subline multicellular tumor spheroid, an in vitro culture system which provides a cellular microenvironment which mimics that of many of in vivo tumors. To isolate a viable quiescent cell subpopulation, centrifugal elutriation which allows for cell separation mainly on the basis of size was used. This technique provided single cells of relatively homogeneous cell volume which varied over a wide range (approximately 100 to 5000 cu microgram). Though the relatively small cell volume fractions were the most enriched (82%) in quiescent cells, such cells were also observed in significant numbers (congruent to 20%) even in the largest cell fractions. The cell clonogenicity of the various elutriation constant in fractions was also assessed and shown to be lowest (plating efficiency congruent to 20%) in the small spheroid cells but relatively constant in fractions containing intermediate and large cells (plating efficiency congruent to 50%). Continuous [3H]thymidine labeling indicated a slower rate of accumulation of labeled cells in the small spheroid cells, which may result from the transition of proliferating spheroid cells to the quiescent compartment during the course of labeling. These finding indicate the utility of centrifugal elutriation for quiescent cell characterization in in vitro tumor systems. PMID- 7032696 TI - In vivo growth of tumor cell spheroids after in vitro hyperthermia. PMID- 7032697 TI - Effects of nifedipine, acebutolol, and their association on exercise tolerance in patients with effort angina. AB - The action of nifedipine (N), acebutolol (A), and their association (A+N) was studied in 16 patients suffering from effort angina with documented coronary artery disease. The therapeutic action was valued by bicycle effort stress test after oral administration of medications in comparison with placebo (P), following a double-blind random sequence of treatments. Working capacity significantly increased after A (507 +/- 450 mkp, p less than 0.05), after N (1,140 +/- 767 mkp, p less than 0.001), and after A+N (1,198 +/- 644 mkp, p less than 0.01). The increments of work after P administration were not significant. Moreover, fatigue instead of angina appeared as a stopping criterion in 8 patients after A+N, and in only 1 patient after P, A, and N. PMID- 7032698 TI - Isolated cardiac myocytes. II. Functional aspects of mature cells. PMID- 7032699 TI - Effect of glucose-insulin-potassium infusions on epicardial ECG changes and on myocardial metabolic changes after coronary artery ligation in dogs. AB - The effect of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion (GIK) on developing myocardial infarction in dogs was evaluated, commencing infusion 30 min after coronary artery ligation (CAL). The parameters studied were: early (60 min after CAL) and late (6 and one half h after CAL) epicardial ST segment elevation, the change in Q, R, and S waves and certain myocardial metabolic determinations (glycogen, sodium, potassium, dry-wet weight ratio, adenosine triphosphate, creatine phosphate, inorganic phosphate, and lactate). 6 and one half h after coronary ligation Q wave amplitude was less, the R wave amplitude was greater and the metabolic profile in hte infarct zone was less deranged; metabolic improvement was also found in the nonischaemic zone. Sites in which early ST-segment elevation was less with GIK did not predict all the sites in which there was eventual lessened Q wave formation. R wave fall and disturbance of myocardial metabolism. This study supports others showing an effect of GIK in improving the features of developing experimental myocardial infarction. Following the rate of Q wave development in relation to the early ST segment elevation may be of value in assessing GIK effects provided that a qualitative rather than quantitative relationship between the two parameters is accepted. PMID- 7032700 TI - Isolated cardiac myocytes. I. Preparation of adult myocytes and their homology with the intact tissue. PMID- 7032701 TI - [Pyroantimonate-bound cations in the beta-cells of spiny mice pancreas (Acomys cahirinus)]. PMID- 7032702 TI - Removal of the Schwann sheath from the giant nerve fiber of the squid: an electron-microscopic study of the axolemma and associated axoplasmic structures. AB - The axolemma is associated structurally and functionally with the axoplasm, forming an axolemma-ectoplasm complex. To study the structure of this complex, a new technique was developed for removing the Schwann sheath from a portion of the giant nerve fiber. An isolated fiber was treated, without loss of excitability, with trypsin dissolved in natural seawater. Next, the fiber was treated with a mild fixative and then was placed in a hypertonic solution of sucrose in seawater. The elevated sheath was transected and everted, thus exposing the surface of the axon. Desheathed axons were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The surface of the axon has a ridge-and-groove pattern, reflecting an underlying helical arrangement of filaments which bundle and unbundle. Both left and right axons of the squid possess right-handed helical twists with a tilt angle of 10 degrees. Hemispherical protuberances about 1.5 microns at their base are observed along the ridges. Thin sections of the desheathed axons reveal that the desheathing procedure leaves the axolemma intact. Desheathed axons display electron-dense bodies associated with the axolemma and with the filaments of the ectoplasm similar to the dense bodies observed in whole fibers fixed in the presence of 10 mM Co(II) ions. Axons perfused for 40 min with a solution containing 2 mM Co(II) ions retain their excitability and display a smooth inner ectoplasmic face. A portion of the axolemma, together with adhering ectoplasm, was removed from desheathed axons, mounted between folding double grids, stained, and critical-point dried. Through this novel method a network of 10 nm filaments spaced 40 nm apart and cross linked by filaments 5 to 7 nm in diameter was demonstrated. PMID- 7032703 TI - The second and third optic ganglia of the worker bee: Golgi studies of the neuronal elements in the medulla and lobula. AB - The gross morphology and the fine-structural characteristics of neurones of the second and third optic ganglia of the honeybee Apis mellifera were investigated light microscopically on the basis of Golgi (selective silver)- and reduced silver preparations. The second optic ganglion, the medulla, is ovoid in shape and has a slightly convex distal surface and a slightly concave proximal surface. The medullar outer levels are characteristically composed of neuronal arrangements showing strict precision of their geometrical spacing proximally as far as a pronounced layer of tangential fibre elements comprising the serpentine layer of the medulla. At the inner medullary levels retinotopic channels are again multiplied, and the arrangement of axons and dendrites contribute to a complex lattice. The third optic ganglion, the lobula, is interposed between the medulla and the protocerebrum. It is the site of termination of the third-order neurones. The lobula in hymenopterans appears, in contrast to dipterans, odonates and lepidopterans, as a single neuropilic mass. A short review of the electrophysiological data concerning these two ganglia has been tentatively correlated with some of the anatomical data. PMID- 7032704 TI - Coexistence of cholecystokinin and oxytocin-neurophysin in some magnocellular hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurons. AB - The existence of cholecystokinin in the posterior hypophysis and its hypothalamic origin have been unequivocally demonstrated. Immunocytochemical evidence is presented for the coexistence of gastrin-cholecystokinin and oxytocin-neurophysin I immunoreactivities in some magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei both in rat and bovine hypothalamus. PMID- 7032705 TI - Immunohistochemical study of the responsiveness of LH cells of fetal rats to synthetic LHRH in vitro. AB - Fetal rat pituitaries on days 17-19 of gestation were maintained in serum-free Medium 199 for 24 h in the presence of 1, 10 and 100 ng/ml of synthetic LHRH. Immunohistochemical examination of such stimulated tissue reveals a complete depletion of immunoreactive material in most of the LH cells, irrespective of the LHRH concentrations tested, though some cells remain weakly immunopositive in the pituitaries of later developmental stages. Once discharge has occurred, there is little reaccumulation of secretory material in LH cells during prolonged incubation for 48 h in LHRH-free medium containing 10% calf serum. The LHRH treatment causes no immunohistochemical change in TSH cells. It is concluded that in fetal rats recently differentiated LH cells can release the secretory product if they are stimulated by hypothalamic LHRH. PMID- 7032706 TI - Distribution of nerve growth factor in the submandibular gland of the male and female mouse. A re-examination by use of an improved immunohistochemical procedure. AB - Nerve growth factor (NGF) was localized in the mouse submandibular gland by means of indirect immunofluorescence applied to 0.5 micron-thick sections of freeze dried, plastic-embedded tissue. The antibody to NGF (IgG-fraction) was raised in rabbits immunized with pure 2.5 S NGF from submandibular glands of adult male mice. In the male gland anti-NGF bound selectively to the secretory granules was present in the cells of the granular ducts. Immunoreactive granules extended from the perinuclear region toward the apical pole. In the female gland immunoreactive cells and granules were considerably less abundant than in males. Immunofluorescence was confined to individual secretory cells located in the wall of the granular striated duct. In the present study no support was found for the hypothesis suggesting that immunoreactive NGF is formed within the secretory granules during their transport from the perinuclear region to the apical pole. PMID- 7032707 TI - Changes in acid proteolytic activity during differentiation of murine erythroleukemic cells. AB - Proteolytic activity was measured in murine erythroleukemic 745 cell line grown in culture, before and after the addition of agents which promote differentiation. The 36,000 X g soluble fraction of the cells degraded [14C]globin with maximal activity at pH 3.6, while the insoluble fraction failed to degrade [14C]globin within a pH range of 2.5-9.0. The acid protease activity in the soluble fraction of the undifferentiated murine erythroleukemic cells increased during the first 2 days in culture and remained constant during the following 4 days. We suggest that this activity resides in the lysosomes since it migrates together with the lysosomal marker alpha-mannosidase on colloidal silica gradients, shows maximum activity at acid pH and is sensitive towards inhibition by pepstatin. Induced differentiation of the cells by dimethyl sulfoxide, butyric acid or hexamethylene bisacetamide was concomitantly associated with a marked reduction in protease activity and the accumulation of hemoglobin within the cells. In contrast, in a non-inducible variant of 745 cell line DMSO failed to affect proteolysis. It is suggested that in murine erythroleukemic cells changes in acid protease activity are associated with the cellular triggered by chemical inducers. PMID- 7032708 TI - Increased resistance to Listeria monocytogenes following subchronic cyclophosphamide exposure: relationship to altered bone marrow function. PMID- 7032709 TI - Growth of SJL/J-derived transplantable reticulum cell sarcoma as related to its ability to induce T-cell proliferation in the host. III. Studies on thymectomized and congenitally athymic SJL mice. PMID- 7032710 TI - Release of soluble factors from lymph nodes containing mycobacterial granulomas and their effect on fibroblast function in vitro. PMID- 7032711 TI - [Salmonella typhimurium in the aetiology of acute pancreatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032712 TI - [Vitamin K and calcium-binding GLA-proteins]. PMID- 7032713 TI - [Carcinogenic potential in cell cultures]. PMID- 7032714 TI - [The beginnings of Soviet cooperation in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7032715 TI - [Diary of Dr. Josef A. Ryba, translated from German manuscript by V. Kadlecova]. PMID- 7032716 TI - [First psychiatric in-patient department in Bohemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032717 TI - [History of psychiatric facilities in the Eastern Slovakia]. PMID- 7032718 TI - [The importance of breast feeding in immunity against infections in the newborn infant. Antibody activity and immunocompetent cells in the mother's milk]. PMID- 7032719 TI - [Equipment for registering dilution curves]. PMID- 7032720 TI - Kinin-inactivating enzyme from the mushroom Tricholoma conglobatum. VII. Suppression of epinephrine-induced pulmonary edema in rats. PMID- 7032721 TI - Neural tube defects. PMID- 7032722 TI - [The care of our patient - reality (fact) or myth. An educational viewpoint]. PMID- 7032723 TI - [Intraocular implantation - implant with iris fixation of the 2 anterior prolene loops - technic - results]. PMID- 7032724 TI - [Keratoplasty and phako-exeresis. Apropos of 13 cases]. PMID- 7032725 TI - [Primary reticulosarcoma of bone with an orbito-cranial localization]. PMID- 7032726 TI - [Repair of canalicular injuries with monofilament - with or without intubation? Initial results]. PMID- 7032728 TI - [Cicatricial pemphigoid following long-term instillation of adrenaline]. PMID- 7032727 TI - [Complications caused by prolene]. PMID- 7032729 TI - [Drugs and opiates: an overview from anthropological, psychological, socio cultural, biochemical and medical perspectives]. PMID- 7032730 TI - Relationship between time to treatment failure and survival and between time to response and response duration in metastatic breast cancer. Implications for treatment. AB - The hypothesis that longer times to response (TTR) and times to treatment failure (TTF) are associated with a more chronic disease resulting in progressively longer response durations (TRTF) and times from treatment failure to death (TFTD) was evaluated in metastatic breast carcinoma. Data from 553 patients across two similar Eastern Cooperative Group combination chemotherapy trials was utilized to evaluate the relationship between TTR and TRTF, and TTF and TFTD. The TTR did not appear to predict for TRTF, which was approximately 7.6 months irrespective of TTR durations from 1 to 6+ months. The TFTD increased to approximately 8 months as the TTF increased to 6 months; thereafter, the TFTD remained stable up to at least 17 months of TTF. The discordance in the results of the two analyses suggests that the operational hypothesis is not necessarily true. However, these data, along with the subset analyses and previous animal and human studies, were taken as evidence that ultimate survival is selected by the response to the first regimen employed, that the primary therapeutic impact of a regimen is in the first 3-6 months, and that the regimen should maximize therapy early to achieve rapid complete remissions. PMID- 7032731 TI - The case for adjuvant CMF chemotherapy in breast cancer. Has it been made? AB - The utility of adjuvant CMF in the treatment of breast cancer has been reanalyzed. The actual percentage of patients who benefit from adjuvant CMF has been shown to be relatively small. The widespread use of adjuvant CMF must be further examined. PMID- 7032732 TI - Malaria parasite strain characterization, cryopreservation, and banking of isolates: a WHO memorandum. AB - There has been considerable progress in the biological characterization of malaria parasites in the past few years. Physiological parameters such as host adaptation, virulence, exoerythrocytic development, in vitro growth of erythrocytic stages, and drug sensitivity are of particular importance to epidemiologists. Advances in enzyme analysis, 2-dimensional protein electrophoresis, and nucleic acid analysis have produced several new techniques that can be applied to the malaria parasite. Similarly, antigenic characterization is expected to progress as a result of technical improvements. Many of the biological parameters are needed for the study of parasite genetics, a field which has expanded greatly through the development of cloning techniques. The latter also hold interest for the production, and the future use in research, of biologically well characterized standard clones. In this connexion, the cryopreservation and banking of malaria parasites deserve attention, in order to ensure the supply of well defined, viable isolates and clones to interested research workers. PMID- 7032733 TI - Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in rural South Indian children. AB - A preliminary pilot study of streptococcal infection and sequelae was initiated in 23 villages in 1973 using trained field workers for case detection. Part of the pilot programme, in 1974-75, involved 374 rural and 664 urban schoolchildren, and revealed that 14.9% of them had streptococcal pyoderma while pharyngitis was seen in 4.2%. The pilot study also revealed a high prevalence of rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in both rural (5.4/1000) and urban (6.0/1000) pupils. A long-term surveillance study was then undertaken in 3890 pupils attending 15 rural schools, from July 1975 to December 1978, when the prevalence of RF was found to be 0.5/1000 and of RHD, 4.4/1000, giving an overall rate of 4.9/1000. The incidence rate was found to be 1.7/1000 per year in 1976, 1.6/1000 per year in 1977, and 0 in 1978. The rate of compliance with primary prophylaxis was 90-100%, and with secondary prophylaxis was 92-93% of the 27 cases. PMID- 7032734 TI - Assessment of chloroquine sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in Choluteca, Honduras. AB - During an outbreak of urban malaria in Choluteca, Honduras, the response of local isolates of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine was assessed. The 7-day WHO alternative standard field test was used together with three in vitro tests: the Rieckmann macro- and micromethods and a new 48-hour test which underwent its first field trial in this study. No chloroquine resistance was found in in vivo tests in 10 patients or in the in vitro tests on blood samples from 6 patients. PMID- 7032735 TI - Diagnosis of syphilis. AB - The demonstration of Treponema pallidum in early specimens is still the most important procedure for definite diagnosis of the disease. Nonspecific lipoidal antigen tests, as well as assays using T. pallidum antigen, are used for the detection of antibodies in sera. The techniques, the interpretation of the results, the onset and limits of reactivity, as well as the sources of error of the VDRL (RPR), FTA-ABS, TPHA (MHA-TP, AMHA-TP), IgM FTA-ABS, I9S IgM-FTA-ABS, and IgM-SPHA tests are described. The presence of 19S IgM antibodies against T. pallidum indicates activity of the disease and their disappearance is evidence of cure. Positive results in the VDRL test are also strongly suggestive of active disease but are less precise. A TPHA index for CSF of more than 100 and a positive result in the IgM-SPHA test on CSF are indicative for neurosyphilis.A haemagglutination assay is suggested for screening, if possible combined with the VDRL test. The FTA-ABS test is recommended for confirmation of the diagnosis and the response to treatment can be assessed by the IgM-SPHA test or by changes in the VDRL titre. PMID- 7032736 TI - Use and abuse of eight widely-used diagnostic procedures in clinical immunology: a WHO memorandum. AB - This Memorandum assesses eight widely-used diagnostic procedures with the aim of establishing their usefulness in patient care. For each procedure, the main methods that can be recommended at present are outlined and their pitfalls discussed. For each procedure, recommendations are made as to the clinical conditions for which the test is essential for diagnosis, the conditions for which the test will help in assessing and monitoring disease activity, and the conditions for which the test is useful for research purposes only. PMID- 7032737 TI - Antibody determination in the diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in man. AB - The levels of IgG and IgE antibodies reacting with somatic antigens of adult Setaria digitata and Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae were determined in sera of 90 patients with Bancroftian filariasis and 379 non-filarial subjects. Antibodies reacting with adult antigens and with soluble microfilarial antigens were seen in both microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic patients. Antibodies reacting with surface antigens of W. bancrofti microfilariae were seen only in amicrofilaraemic subjects. IgE antibodies were detected with the adult antigen only in both microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic patients. The absolute levels of IgG antibodies were significantly higher than those of IgE antibodies. It is concluded that the determination of serum antibodies reacting with adult antigens is suitable for the diagnosis of both the microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic phases of infection, and the determination of antibody to microfilarial surface antigens is applicable in patients with clinically evident disease. PMID- 7032738 TI - Methodologic problems in clonogenic assays of spontaneous human tumors. AB - Colony formation in soft agar was used to investigate growth properties and drug sensitivity in 102 tumor specimens from 91 patients. Sufficient colony growth for sensitivity testing with various drugs was obtained in 36 of 67 specimens (54%) with adequate cell yield and pathologically documented malignancy. Room temperature (20-24 degrees C) is superior to both 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C for 12-36 h storage and transport of malignant effusions. By contrast, fine mincing in sterile saline or balanced salt solution, and refrigerated storage (4 degrees C) appear optimal in experiments with three solid tumors. The use of buffered NH4Cl to lyse red blood cells markedly reduced plating efficiencies, and also reduced the percentage of tumors in which drug sensitivities could be tested from 64% to 38%. Several combinations of potential growth factors and culture media have been tested. Insulin enhanced plating efficiency (PE) in all six adenocarcinomas tested. Drug sensitivity of tumors was not affected by varying plating efficiency up to five-fold in two tumors. In eleven cases tumor cells were exposed to combinations of two or more drugs, and results assessed for evidence of drug interactions. In almost all cases, these two-drug combinations produced additive cell killing than either antagonistic or greater-than-additive effects.U PMID- 7032739 TI - The soft agar clonogenicity and characterization of cells obtained from human solid tumors by mechanical and enzymatic means. AB - A two-step procedure for releasing cells from solid tumors has been applied to specimens of human melanoma, sarcoma, lung, colon, and breast carcinoma. The first population released mechanically has been compared with the population subsequently released enzymatically in tests of dye exclusion, ribonucleoside triphosphate pool sizes, intactness of DNA, and clonogenicity in soft agar. While greater numbers of dye-excluding cells are released in the enzymatic step, and these cells have higher ribonucleoside triphosphate pools and more intact DNA, both populations contain clonogenic cells in approximately equal numbers. Several semisolid media were employed in tests of clonogenicity, and all methods employing an agar underlayer appeared satisfactory and approximately equivalent in cloning efficiency. The methyl cellulose upper layer system facilitated implanting of pooled colonies into nude mice, which resulted in growth in the nude host and marked increase in cloning efficiency when the cells were replanted into soft agar-methyl cellulose plates. A comparison of four different areas of individual tumor specimens was made with cells released enzymatically and measuring cell yield, dye exclusion, ATP pool size, and uptake and metabolism of 5-fluoropyrimidines. Only relatively small variations were seen from one area to the next, with trypan blue exclusion exhibiting the least variation, and metabolism of fluorinated pyrimidines showing the most. PMID- 7032740 TI - Enhancement of S9 activation by S105 cytosolic fraction. AB - The addition of supplementary cytosolic fraction greatly enhances the activation of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) by uninduced 9,000 x g supernatant fractions (S9) in the Ames test. Uninduced S9 is poor at activating AAF in the Ames test (although it is effective in the liquid based fluctuation test) probably because cytosolic material diffuses into the bottom agar. An enhancing effect of cytosol supplementation was also observed with 2-aminoanthracene (AA) and 2-aminofluorene (AF) with uninduced S9. Using Aroclor-induced preparations, supplementation with cytosol enhanced the activation of benzo[a]pyrene and ethidium bromide. With AAF and Aroclor-induced preparations, supplementation with cytosol produces a slight but significant increase in activation, but interpretation is complicated by the fact that Aroclor 105,000 x g supernatant fraction (S105) alone efficiently activates AAF, AF and AA. Norharman potentiated the enhancing effect of Aroclor S105 on Aroclor-S9 activation of AAF but inhibited the activation of AAF by S105 fraction alone. The enhancing effect of S105 fraction may explain some, but not all, of the differences between liquid-based and agar overlay based activation. PMID- 7032741 TI - Histochemical findings suggesting that methylazoxymethanol, a liver and kidney carcinogen, is a substrate for hepatic and renal choline dehydrogenase. AB - Methylazoxymethanol (MAM) is a potent carcinogen and induces tumors predominantly in rat liver, colon and kidney. The findings reported in this paper suggest that MAM is a substrate for the enzyme choline dehydrogenase located in rat hepatocytes and in the terminal portion of the renal proximal convoluted tubule. As with the natural substrate choline, this reaction with MAM did not require NAD+, was not inhibited by pyrazole and was dependent on the electron transfer reagent, phenazine methosulfate. The product of this reaction is probably the same as that obtained from the metabolism of MAM by alcohol dehydrogenase, namely, an unstable aldehydic derivative which decomposes rapidly to carbonium ions. The reaction with alcohol dehydrogenase offered an explanation for the organotropic effects of this carcinogen in liver and colon and the current report provides a mechanism for the induction of kidney tumors as well as another possible means for production of liver tumors. PMID- 7032742 TI - Effect of methyl substitution on mutagenicity of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5 f]quinoline, isolated from broiled sardine. AB - 2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline [I] is a potent mutagen isolated from broiled sun-dried sardine. [I] and its seven of derivatives, (two isomers, one demethylated derivative and four methyl-substituted derivatives), were tested for mutagenicity on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 in the presence of S9 mix. 2-Amino-1,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline was the strongest mutagen of these 8 compounds on TA98, giving 159,000 revertants/nmol (750,000 revertants/micrograms). The demethylated derivative, 2-aminoimidazo[4,5-f] quinoline, had very weak mutagenicity, inducing only 55 revertants/nmol (200 revertants/micrograms). Compounds having a methyl group at position N-1 or N-3 of 2-aminoimidazo[4,5]f]quinoline were strong mutagens. The 1,5-dimethy-derivative was more mutagenic than 3,5-dimethyl-derivative. Introduction of a methyl group at position 4 and position 5 enhanced and reduced the mutagenicity, respectively. All the compounds tested were more mutagenic to TA98 than to TA100, but their relative orders of mutgenicity with TA98 and TA100 were the same. PMID- 7032743 TI - The genetic activity of dinitropyrenes in yeast: unusual dose response curves for induced mitotic gene conversion. AB - 1,6-Dinitropyrene (1,6DNP) and 1,8-dinitropyrene (1,8DNP) were tested for their ability to induce mitotic gene conversion at the trp 5 and his 4 loci in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae JD1. Both compounds were shown to be potent inducers of gene conversion in yeast, with 1,6DNP being somewhat more active than 1,8DNP. Unusual dose-response curves were obtained in that toxicity and genetic activity decreased at the higher concentrations examined. This reduction in genetic activity may reflect a decrease in the ability of yeast cells to convert the dinitropyrenes to their mutagenic forms when the concentration of the compounds exceeds a certain level. PMID- 7032745 TI - The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Overview 1980. The Director's Report to the NHLBI Advisory Council. PMID- 7032744 TI - Comparison of the adrenal and renal responses to angiotensin II fetal lambs and adult sheep. AB - The adrenal and renal responses to similar increases in plasma angiotensin II (AII) were studied in chronically catheterized fetal lambs (112-131 days gestation: term 145 days) and adult nonpregnant sheep. The rate of AII infusion was adjusted to compare the effect of similar rises in plasma AII concentration between fetuses and adult ewes. Increases in plasma AII were associated with a decrease in plasma renin activity (PRA) in both fetuses (5.55 +/- 1.53 to 2.11 +/ 0.59 ng/ml per hr, P less than 0.05) and adult ewes (1.28 +/- 0.34 to 0.62 +/- 0.16 ng/ml per hr, P less than 0.05), but the percent changes in PRA for similar increases in plasma AII were not different when fetuses were compared to adult ewes. Contrary to the effect of AII on PRA, the increase in plasma AII did not produce parallel changes in plasma aldosterone concentration when fetuses were compared to adult ewes. The percent changes in plasma aldosterone concentration for similar increases in AII concentration were significantly higher in adult ewes (+165 +/- 37%) than in fetuses (+58 +/- 15%)(P less than 0.01). Finally, there were no significant changes in fetal urinary excretion of PGE and PGF2alpha when a significant rise (P less than 0.05) was observed in adult ewes at the highest level of plasma AII concentration. In summary, the present results tend to suggest that there are differences between fetuses and adult ewes in the response to AII, the response being smaller in fetuses. PMID- 7032746 TI - Coronary bypass surgery for chronic angina--1981. A perspective. PMID- 7032747 TI - Adrenergic responsiveness in prehypertensive subjects. AB - To determine if alterations in adrenergic activity precede hypertension, we evaluated the pressor effect of an alpha agonist (phenylephrine) and the chronotropic effect of a beta agonist (isoproterenol) in prehypertensive young men. The subjects were selected from a 5-year follow-up of individuals in the upper ("high") and lower ("low") deciles of the blood pressure distribution in a high school population. At follow-up, the blood pressure differences between groups were maintained. The baroreflex slopes of the high (n = 13) and low (n = 10) blood pressure groups did not differ. The dose of phenylephrine required to increase systolic blood pressure by 20 mm Hg (PD20) was greater in the high blood pressure group than in the low blood pressure group (250 +/- 38 micrograms vs 167 +/- 35 micrograms, p less than 0.05). The dose of isoproterenol required to increase the heart rate by 25 beats/min (CD25) was also greater in the high than in the low blood pressure group (1.9 +/- 0.5 micrograms vs 0.9 +/- 0.2 micrograms, p less than 0.05). The increase in plasma renin activity in response to treadmill exercise was less in the high than in the low blood pressure group (1.8 +/- 0.6 ng/ml/hr vs 3.4 +/- 0.7 ng/ml/hr, p less than 0.03). Overall, systolic blood pressure correlated with PD20 (r = 0.52, p less than 0.01) and CD25 (r = 0.62, p less than 0.001). Plasma norepinephrine correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.44, p less than 0.04) and with PD20 (r = 0.63, p less than 0.001). We conclude that baroreflex sensitivity is not altered in young men with relatively high blood pressure. Insensitivity to alpha and beta agonists may be related to the positive correlation of systolic blood pressure with plasma norepinephrine concentration. PMID- 7032748 TI - Electrophysiologic characteristics of human ventricular and Purkinje fibers. AB - We studied the electrophysiologic characteristics of ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers from the hearts of five patients undergoing cardiac transplantation. All five patients had congestive failure and coronary artery disease before surgery and were receiving digitalis therapy. Ventricular muscle had a maximal diastolic potential (MDP) of -78 +/- 1 mV (mean +/- SEM), an action potential (AP) amplitude of 104 +/- 2 mV, a phase 0 upstroke velocity (Vmax) of 297 +/- 19 V/sec and an AP duration at 50% repolarization (APD50) of 190 +/- 4 msec. Purkinje fibers had an MDP of -80 +/- 2 mV, an AP amplitude of 107 +/- 2 mV, a Vmax of 388 +/- 25 V/sec and an APD50 of 195 +/- 9 msec. Fibers from infarcted sections of the heart had significantly longer APD than those from noninfarcted, which resulted in marked dispersion of APD in infarcted and adjacent zones. Both epinephrine and ouabain induced delayed after depolarizations in Purkinje fiber. This suggest that delayed after depolarizations and resultant triggered activity can occur in the human ventricle. PMID- 7032749 TI - Long-term results of surgery for congenital heart disease. I. Surgery of specific anomalies. PMID- 7032750 TI - Optimal resources for ultrasonic examination of the heart. Echocardiography study group. AB - This paper provides guidelines for the optimal, rather than minimal, performance of ultrasonic examination of the heart for current clinical applications using conventional echocardiographic equipment. Since the original report of this Inter Society Commission on Heart Disease Resources Committee in 1975, M-mode echocardiography has continued to be a valuable clinical tool, and two dimensional echocardiography has been developed. Guidelines are presented for optimal physician and cardiac sonographer training, case loads, space and support systems, equipment design features and performance testing, and administrative considerations. The developing area of Doppler ultrasound and the competitive technologies are noted. PMID- 7032751 TI - RAST, PRIST, IgG-RAST: suggestions for an improved terminology of in vitro IgE diagnostics. PMID- 7032752 TI - Human platelet phenolsulphotransferase: separate control of the two forms and activity range in depressive illness. AB - Human phenolsulphotransferase exists in two forms, one specific for dopamine and tyramine, termed "M" and one for phenol, termed "P". In this study we have shown that these two forms are under separate control by correlating their activities in different individuals using different substrates. There was a highly significant correlation between the activities with dopamine, p-tyramine and 4 hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol, but no significant correlation between the activities with any of these three substrates and that with phenol. Neither age nor sex had any effect on platelet phenolsulphotransferase "M" or "P" activities. Nor was there any significant correlation between platelet monoamine oxidase activity and phenolsulphotransferase "M" or "P" activities. Human platelet phenolsulphotransferase "M" was found to be unstable at temperatures above 35 degree C and it lost substantial activity when stored deep frozen in isotonic saline. However it was stable for up to four months when stored in isotonic sucrose or 10 mmol/l phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Phenolsulphotransferase "M" amd "P" activities were measured in platelets from depressed patients of a diagnostic type characterized by low output of tyramine-O-sulphate after oral tyramine loading but their enzyme activities were not different from those in two control groups. PMID- 7032753 TI - [Fundamental studies on the kit for the radioimmunoassay of C-peptide and its clinical applications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032754 TI - [Measurement of angiotensin I in the rat brain by radioimmunoassay--localization of renin activity in the rat brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032755 TI - A hearing survey in diabetes mellitus. AB - A sample of 50 diabetics was compared with a control group matched for age and sex. Twenty-two of the diabetics were insulin-dependent. Subjects and controls were examined otologically and then tested audiometrically using pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry and tone decay after the method of Owens. No significant difference was found between the two groups on pure tone audiometry and speech testing showed all diabetics and controls to be normal. A statistically significant incidence of type-2 tone decay was found in the overall group of diabetics at 2000 Hz. This may reflect early presbycusis. PMID- 7032756 TI - Classification of malignant lymphomas. PMID- 7032757 TI - Reflux oesophagitis. PMID- 7032758 TI - Intestinal mucosal injury. PMID- 7032759 TI - Physiological, pharmacological and pathological actions of glucocorticoids on the digestive system. PMID- 7032760 TI - Calcium homeostasis in digestive disorders. PMID- 7032761 TI - Biochemical mechanisms in congenital enzyme deficiencies of the small intestine. PMID- 7032762 TI - Molecular pathophysiology of small-intestinal sucrase--isomaltase. PMID- 7032763 TI - Iron absorption and iron overload. PMID- 7032764 TI - Chemical and Environmental agents in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. PMID- 7032765 TI - Benign chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood associated with coeliac disease. PMID- 7032766 TI - Macrophages: progress and problems. PMID- 7032767 TI - Infective endocarditis-associated glomerulonephritis in rabbits: evidence of a pathogenetic role for antiglobulins. AB - Serial studies of circulating immune complexes, serum complement, proteinuria and renal histology and immunofluorescence have been undertaken in infective endocarditis glomerulonephritis in rabbits. Eighteen of 24 rabbits developed evidence of glomerulonephritis and 13 of 18 had circulating immune complexes. Gel filtration studies showed the immune complexes to have a size range of ca 4.10(6) -3.10(5) daltons. Direct immunofluorescence staining of glomeruli showed that IgM was the predominant immunoglobulin present and that antiglobulin activity was associated with IgM deposition. Intraglomerular localization of antiglobulin was closely associated with evidence of glomerulonephritis. Streptococcal antigen(s) were not demonstrable in glomeruli, even after acid elution of sections. PMID- 7032768 TI - Characterization of polymyositis infiltrates using monoclonal antibodies to human leucocyte antigens. AB - Frozen serial sections of muscle from 15 patients with polymyositis and three normal controls were studied by indirect immunofluorescence with a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies to various human leucocyte components. The results showed good correlation with conventional histology. In addition, large numbers of T lymphocytes were identified in those cases with a marked inflammatory infiltrate. Many of the T cells probably bear HLA-DR antigen as the anti-HLA-DR antibody stained as many cells as the anti-leucocyte antiserum. This strongly suggests that the T cells present are 'activated'. In two patients HLA-DR-positive material was identified apparently diffusing from the infiltrates into muscle fibres suggesting its release as a soluble factor. In one case, structures with the appearance of giant cells were seen. The method promises to provide new information on the nature of infiltrating leucocytes which may provide more accurate diagnostic and prognostic information than conventional histology alone. PMID- 7032769 TI - Autoantibodies to a regulatory T cell subset in human ageing. AB - Anti-T cell autoantibodies were detected in some aged humans. Non-immunoglobulin bearing (Ig-) cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of normal human donors by negative selection through Ficoll, using sheep erythrocytes coated with rabbit anti-human Ig. The Ig- cells were then reacted with sera from 83 individuals ranging in age from 60 to 99 years; 36% of the serum samples were noticeably reactive with the Ig- cells (average reactivity 28%). The peripheral blood lymphocytes from some of the aged individuals were also tested for levels of Ig-secreting cells in a reverse haemolytic plaque assay; there was a six- to eight-fold increase in the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) from those individuals whose sera contained appreciable amounts of anti-T cell antibody, as compared with those whose sera contained little or no anti-T cell antibody. Isolated Ig- cells from these individuals were also examined for the presence of regulatory T cell subsets, using sera from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) patients. The Ig- cells from the subjects who had no detectable anti-T cell antibodies in their sera and near normal PFC levels were reactive with the JRA sera, whereas the Ig- cells from individuals with increased numbers of PFC and with serum anti-T cell antibodies were only slightly reactive with the JRA sera. These data suggest that a majority of the regulatory JRA+ subset of T cells had been lost in the latter group. When sera from aged individuals containing anti-T cell autoantibodies were reacted with JRA-, Ig- cells isolated from a normal human donor, little positive reactivity was seen, indicating that the autoantibodies in sera from aged humans and from some JRA patients are directed against similar T cell subsets. PMID- 7032770 TI - Spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis in the rat accelerated by thymectomy and low doses of irradiation: mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis. AB - Factors involved in the production of autoimmune thyroiditis in thymectomized and sublethally irradiated rats were investigated. The study suggested that a gene linked to RT1 of the rat major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a selective depletion of suppressor T cells and high radiosensitivity of the thyroid gland were required in varying degrees to initiate the autoimmune thyroiditis in these rats. K cells in the spleen markedly increased at the initial stage and subsequently decreased at the appearance of the thyroid lesion, suggesting the consumption of K cells by thyroid antigen--antibody complexes formed in situ and in the circulation. Our data generally support the three genes concept proposed by Rose et al. (1976, 1980) that at least three genetically determined defects participate in triggering the production of autoimmune thyroiditis--namely, Ir genes within the MHC of the species, diminished ability of T cells to suppress autoimmune responses and a genetic defect in the thyroid gland. PMID- 7032771 TI - Prolongation of murine skin grafts by FTS and its synthetic analogues. AB - Synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS) and several of its analogues have been examined for immunoregulatory properties in a murine skin graft rejection model, including a syngeneic male-to-female system and an allogeneic system. In the syngeneic system, control animals with and without placebo had a mean graft survival time of 29 +/- 2 and 24 +/- 2 days respectively. Administration of FTS [10 ng bound to a carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) vehicle three times weekly until rejection] significantly delayed rejection (49 +/- 3 days). Similar although less striking results were obtained across the H-2 barrier. Several FTS analogues with retarded degradation were tested in the same system without CMC. All of them were as immunosuppressive as FTS. Interestingly, an analogue accelerated or delayed rejection depending on dosage, indicating the multiplicity of action of thymic peptides on the various T cell subsets. PMID- 7032772 TI - Improvement of natural killer activity and of T cells after thymopoietin pentapeptide therapy in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency. AB - The case of an 18-month-old child, affected by malnutrition, severe interstitial pneumonia and immunological abnormalities is reported. Since the age of 10 months, the infant suffered from severe recurrent infections and failure to thrive. Immunological studies revealed a striking decrease of T lymphocytes and of natural killer (NK) function. Serum immunoglobulins, salivary IgA, natural isohaemagglutinins, Fc-IgG receptor-bearing cells and suppressor T lymphocytes were absent, together with an impaired de novo DNA synthesis after PHA, Con A, PWM and Cowan I strain from Staphylococcus aureus stimulation. In vitro incubation of the patient's lymphocytes with TP-5, a thymopoietin-derived synthetic pentapeptide, resulted in improvement of sheep rosettes, Fc-IgG receptor-positive lymphocytes and NK activity. The child was therefore treated with TP-5 for 8 months and his clinical condition improved as well as the number of T cells, Fc-IgG-positive lymphocytes and NK function. However, humoral immunity remained persistently depressed. We suggest that this child could be classified as affected by 'late-onset severe combined immunodeficiency'. In vitro assays with thymic hormones or synthetic drugs that mimic the action of thymic hormones should be performed and this therapy could be applied in the treatment of some of these heterogeneous syndromes, especially when an immunological reconstitution with bone marrow or fetal graft cannot be attempted. PMID- 7032773 TI - Induction of leucocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF) by stimulation with free hapten and water-insoluble epoxy resin. AB - The indirect leucocyte migration inhibition test was applied to the contact sensitivity to a hapten (dinitrofluorobenzene, DNFB) and a water-insoluble epoxy resin (Araldite). Sensitized guinea-pig leucocytes were pulsed with DNFB, which was not conjugated to a carrier protein, or with Araldite which was made particulate by ultrasonication. When these pulsed leucocytes were incubated for 24 hr, they released significant amounts of leucocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF). The optimal dose for pulse-stimulation was 10 microgram/ml. A correlation was observed between the degree of contact sensitivity and the production of LIF. PMID- 7032774 TI - A family with a dominant form of idiopathic Fanconi syndrome leading to renal failure in adult life. AB - Three members of a family previously reported by Sheldon, Luder and Web in 1961 as having a benign tubular renal disease have since developed renal failure. One received a renal transplant but died following this. This form of apparently primary, dominantly-inherited Fanconi syndrome is a mild disease in childhood, but leads to renal failure in adult life. PMID- 7032775 TI - The relative roles of sodium and renin in the hypertension of renal disease. An assessment based on the response to frusemide and propranolol. AB - Twenty-seven patients with hypertension and varying degrees of renal failure were studied before and during the administration of frusemide. In 15 patients studies were repeated following the addition of propranolol. Mean exchangeable sodium was increased before the introduction of frusemide or propranolol in patients with azotemia, possibly due in part to the administration of other antihypertensive drugs, and was reduced to normal during frusemide treatment increasing slightly but significantly following the addition of propranolol. Blood pressure fell significantly with frusemide but there was no further significant fall with propranolol. The relationship of change in blood pressure to change in exchangeable sodium with frusemide did not reach significance. There was no relationship between changes in blood pressure and changes in plasma renin activity with frusemide, suggesting that the blood pressure response to frusemide is not limited by the rise in renin. The fall in blood pressure following the addition of propranolol was proportional to the dose of the drug but inversely proportional to the change in renin suggesting that renin levels are to some extent determined by the blood pressure response to propranolol rather than themselves determining that response. Serum creatinine was significantly increased during treatment with frusemide probably due to a combination of the effects of sodium depletion and the natural progression of the underlying renal disease rather than to nephrotoxicity. The further slight increase in serum creatinine following the addition of propranolol is in keeping with the reported effect of this drug on renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate in patients without renal disease. PMID- 7032776 TI - Captopril (SQ 14225) clearance during hemodialysis treatment. AB - The clearance of Captopril (SQ 14225) was examined in six hemodialysis patients, using a newly developed method for the determination of Captopril in blood. At 30 minutes after the start of hemodialysis, the clearance of Captopril was 80 +/- 14.2 ml/min, whereas that of creatinine was 123.4 +/- 8.8 ml/min and that of BUN was 144.1 +/- 7.2 ml/min. The blood concentration of Captopril was found to be lower when taken in a postprandial state than in a fasting state. PMID- 7032777 TI - The role of haemostatic mechanisms. PMID- 7032778 TI - Endothelium and arteriosclerosis. AB - Endothelium, platelets and macrophages can each provide growth factors that may participate in atherosclerotic lesion initiation or progression, or both. These mitogens, coupled with alternations in endothelial integrity or function resulting from a variety of different risk-associated factors, such as hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, tobacco smoke, antibodies, infections, or homocystinaemia, may provide the basis for the intimal proliferative smooth muscle cell response of atherosclerosis. Platelets, endothelium or macrophages may be important in lesion initiation and progression in some circumstances but not in others, depending upon the extent and type of endothelial "injury'. PMID- 7032779 TI - The role of fibrinolysis. PMID- 7032780 TI - Blood rheology and thrombosis. PMID- 7032781 TI - Antithrombin III deficiency and thromboembolism. PMID- 7032782 TI - Risk associations in the thrombotic disorders. PMID- 7032783 TI - Heparin. PMID- 7032784 TI - Oral anticoagulants. PMID- 7032785 TI - Fibrinolytic agents. PMID- 7032786 TI - Antiplatelet therapy. PMID- 7032787 TI - Myocardial infarction. PMID- 7032788 TI - Thrombotic disorders associated with pregnancy and the pill. PMID- 7032789 TI - Cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 7032790 TI - Thrombosis and artificial surfaces. PMID- 7032791 TI - Eben Alexander, Jr., M.D.: a biographical sketch. PMID- 7032792 TI - Use of blood and its components. PMID- 7032793 TI - Posterior fusions of the cervical spine. PMID- 7032794 TI - The ideal shunt for hydrocephalus. PMID- 7032795 TI - Use of transplantable tissue in neurosurgery. PMID- 7032796 TI - Neurosurgical applications of the cyanoacrylate adhesives. AB - The cyanoacrylate adhesives are a biologically heterogenous group, some of which are potentially valuable additions to the neurosurgical armamentarium. The commercially available cyanoacrylates usually contain the more toxic methyl and ethyl monomers. The safe butyl monomer, isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate, is approved in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration for investigational use only. Isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate may prove to be useful for the extravascular reinforcement of intracranial aneurysms and for the intravascular occlusion of carotid-cavernous fistulae. Safe and effective alternatives exist for the management of these two problems. The sealing of certain cerebrospinal fluid fistulae and the intravascular occlusion of certain arteriovenous malformations may be more effectively accomplished with isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate than with other currently available techniques. The ultimate role of this and of other as yet untested cyanoacrylates in neurosurgery remains to be determined. PMID- 7032797 TI - Fertility and infertility statistics: their importance and application. PMID- 7032798 TI - Male reproductive endocrinology. PMID- 7032799 TI - Sperm-mucus interaction and artificial insemination. AB - Artificial insemination techniques form an important part of the spectrum of modern infertility treatment, and together account for nearly half (43.8 per cent) of the treatment-related pregnancies in our comprehensive infertility clinic. Disorders of sperm-mucus invasion and survival are not uncommon but have been very frequently overlooked in the past. Assessment by post-coital tests with a minimum six hour post-coital delay and mucus penetration tests for those with negative post-coital tests should be part of every clinic routine. We believe that these tests pick up a range of problems, the most important of which is antisperm immunological infertility, which can be treated with a fair degree of success by intrauterine AIH. The demand for AID has increased appreciably on a world-wide scale and provision of AID facilities in this and other countries is inadequate. An AID service should ideally be part of every organized infertility service. The future of AID probably lies with frozen semen banks serving satellite clinics within their area. PMID- 7032800 TI - Immunology of infertility. PMID- 7032801 TI - Progress in tubal surgery. AB - There is now established proof of the value of microscopic compared with conventional techniques in tubal surgery, to enable not only accurate anastomosis but also accurate dissection of adhesions to restore normal mobility and relations between tubes and ovaries. Microscopy has also highlighted the important need for adjunctive techniques such as wide exposure, careful handling of organs and peritoneum, low-power diathermy, the use of nonreactive suture material and proper peritoneal closure. All these techniques can and should always be used, not only in tubal reconstructive surgery but in all female pelvic surgery to protect the woman's future fertility. Use of the surgical microscope and details of the various tubal operations, including those for ectopic pregnancy and reversal of sterilization, have been described, together with an outline of research into future developments. PMID- 7032802 TI - Ovulation failure and induction. PMID- 7032803 TI - Understanding the dose-effect relationship: clinical application of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models. PMID- 7032804 TI - Expanding views on ischaemic heart disease: a perspective for the 1980s. PMID- 7032805 TI - Sulphydryl oxidation in the mechanism of molecular-weight conversion of renin in dog kidney. AB - 1. A high-molecular-weight renin (M(r) 60 000) was formed by the reaction of a low-molecular-weight renin (M(r) 40 000) with a renin-binding substance in canine renal cortical extract in the presence of the sulphydryl (SH) group oxidizing agent potassium tetrathionate; thus the reaction required SH oxidation. 2. Renin extracted from isolate renin granules was adsorbed on to thiopropyl Sepharose 6B, and then liberated with dithiothreitol (50 mmol/1), indicating that it possessed on SH moiety(s). 3. However, the renin was capable of reaction with the renin binding substance even after its SH moiety (or moieties) was protected with 5,5'- dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). 4. The high-molecular-weight renin was converted into the low-molecular-weight renin by incubation (37 degrees C, 15 min) with cytosol (soluble fraction) of renal cortex and liver. Such converting ability was diminished after the cytosol was treated with perchloric acid or potassium tetrathionate. 5. These results suggest that the reaction of renin with the renin binding substances does not require disulphide bond(s) and that an enzyme-like substance which is sensitive to SH oxidation is involved in the conversion from the high molecular-weight renin into the low-molecular weight renin. PMID- 7032806 TI - Effects of meclofenamate and captopril on renal and other regional vascular beds after mild haemorrhage in conscious rabbits. AB - 1. The role of prostaglandins and angiotensin II in blood flow regulation was studied in conscious rabbits subjected to mild haemorrhage. 2. Haemorrhage caused a 13% fall in arterial pressure and a 21% fall in cardiac output, responses which were unchanged by sodium meclofenamate, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, or captopril, an inhibitor of the angiotensin converting enzyme. 3. Haemorrhage doubled plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels. Plasma renin activity trebled after haemorrhage and was further elevated by captopril. 4. Renal blood flow was maintained after haemorrhage alone. Meclofenamate given immediately after haemorrhage caused a 31% fall in renal blood flow. Captopril given immediately after haemorrhage caused renal vasodilation, but when given after meclofenamate augmented renal vasoconstriction. 5. Splenic vasoconstriction was seen after haemorrhage and meclofenamate, and subsequently was augmented by captopril. 6. Results suggest that prostaglandins variably modulate regional blood flow in conscious rabbits subjected to mild haemorrhage. Enhanced sympatho-adrenal activity increases renovascular and splenic dependence on vasodilator prostaglandins, but not that of coronary, cerebral, hepatic or adrenal circulations. Renal and splenic vasoconstriction seen with meclofenamate are not due to circulating angiotensin II. PMID- 7032807 TI - Protection of prostacyclin-like activity in human plasma-a non-enzymatic mechanism? AB - 1. The rate of decay of the platelet antiaggregatory activity of prostacyclin in plasma and buffer solutions was investigated. 2. Platelet anti-aggregatory activity of prostacyclin was more stable in plasma than in buffer solutions at physiological pH. 3. The rate of decay of this activity increased with an increase in incubation temperature. 4. Preheating of plasma at 65 degrees C led to a marked but not total loss of its ability to "protect" prostacyclin. 5. Incubation of 6-keto prostaglandin F 1 alpha in plasma did not result in the appearance of platelet anti-aggregatory activity; nor did the decay curves of prostacyclin activity indicate the emergence of any new platelet anti-aggregatory activity. 6. Incubation of 6-keto-prostaglandin E1 in plasma did not lead to any loss of its platelet anti-aggregatory activity for prolonged periods. 7. We conclude that the marked prolongation of platelet anti-aggregatory activity of prostacyclin in plasma is not due to its enzymatic conversion into 6-keto prostaglandin E1 but due to 'protection' of prostacyclin itself. This 'protection' is probably due to an interaction with a plasma protein. PMID- 7032808 TI - Effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on urinary free dopamine excretion in women. AB - 1. The effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on urinary excretion of free dopamine, a catecholamine thought to act as a renal natriuretic hormone, was examined in six normal women. 2. The volunteer subjects were treated with indomethacin (2 mg day-1 kg-1) for 7 days. This regimen produced an immediate and significant but transient decrease in urinary sodium excretion, averaging about 80 mmol over a period of 3 days. 3. Urinary dopamine excretion during the control period was not different from that during the entire period of indomethacin treatment. 4. It is concluded that indomethacin does not affect urinary dopamine excretion. The change in intrarenal nervous release of dopamine in response to the sodium retention induced by indomethacin may have been too small to make a significant contribution to total urinary dopamine excretion. PMID- 7032810 TI - Adrenergic components of hypertension after renal transplantation. AB - 1. Blood volume, total exchangeable sodium and the effects of head-up tilt on plasma noradrenaline were studied in 10 normotensive and 11 hypertensive renal transplant recipients. The blood pressure and heart rate responses to infused noradrenaline and isoprenaline were measured. 2. Blood volume and total exchangeable sodium were significantly greater in hypertensive than in normotensive patients. 3. Resting plasma noradrenaline was significantly higher in both groups of transplantees than in normal subjects, but was similar in normotensive and hypertensive patients. 4. Plasma noradrenaline rose in normotensive but not hypertensive patients in response to head-up tilt. 5. The rise in blood pressure in response to infused noradrenaline was significantly greater in hypertensive than in normotensive transplantees. Both groups of patients showed similar responses to infused isoprenaline. 6. Extracellular fluid volume expansion associated with increased alpha-receptor sensitivity to noradrenaline may contribute to hypertension in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 7032809 TI - Abnormalities and drug-induced alterations of vasopressin in human hypertension. PMID- 7032811 TI - Effects of a low-salt diet and of acute salt loading on blood pressure and intralymphocytic sodium concentration in young subjects with borderline hypertension. AB - 1. Three groups of young patients with borderline hypertension were studied for a 12 months period. The first was on a free sodium diet while the second was on a low-salt diet. The third group of patients underwent acute salt loading. 2. After 12 months the group on free diet showed a significant increase of intralymphocytic sodium but no change in blood pressure was noted. Five patients who were re-checked after 24 months also had a significant increase in blood pressure. 3. Patients treated with a low-salt diet showed a significant decrease of both intralymphocytic sodium concentration and blood pressure. 4. After acute salt loading, borderline subjects with high intralymphocytic sodium showed a significant greater natriuresis whereas intralymphocytic sodium increased only in those subjects in whom it was initially normal. PMID- 7032812 TI - Role of dopamine in the regulation of blood pressure and the renin--angiotensin- aldosterone system in conscious rats. AB - 1. In conscious rats, intracerebroventricular injection of dopamine resulted in a decrease in blood pressure, whereas injection of metoclopramide, the dopamine antagonist, produced an increase in blood pressure. The central depressor effect of dopamine was attenuated by a subpressor pretreatment with intraventricular metoclopramide, but not by phentolamine. 2. Intravenous administration of dopamine increase blood pressure. This increase in blood pressure was almost completely abolished by intravenous phentolamine. Metoclopramide, when injected intravenously, did not reduce any change in blood pressure. 3. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were decreased by intraventricular injection of dopamine, and increased by that of metoclopramide. In contrast, intravenous administration of metoclopramide increased plasma aldosterone concentration without changing plasma renin activity. Plasma concentrations of potassium, sodium and corticosterone were not affected by these treatments. 4. These results suggest that the dopaminergic system in the brain, but not in the systemic circulation, is involved in the regulation of blood pressure. It is also suggested that the central dopaminergic system participates in the regulation of aldosterone secretion by changes in the renin--angiotensin axis, whereas the peripheral dopaminergic modulation of aldosterone secretion appears to occur independently of the renin--angiotensin system. PMID- 7032813 TI - Studies of the biosynthesis of renin with a cell-free translation system. AB - 1. Poly(A)+ mRNA from mouse submaxillary gland encodes a polypeptide of molecular weight 48 000 (48K polypeptide) which is abundant in the male. 2. This polypeptide is selectively absent in the translation products of mRNA from a strain of genetically renin-deficient mice C57 BL/10J. 3. The 48K polypeptide binds and co-elutes in identical fashion with pure authentic renin on pepstatin affinity chromatography. 4. Immunoprecipitation of translation products of male glandular mRNA with renin-specific antibody yielded this 48K band upon analysis by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Pure renin of molecular weight 37 000 blocked the binding of this polypeptide to antirenin antibody. 5. Mouse submaxillary gland synthesizes a renin precursor. The renin mRNA is androgenically regulated. PMID- 7032814 TI - Aggression-provoked renin release from an unknown source in male mice. AB - 1. An 800-fold increase in plasma renin occurs after aggressive behaviour in male mice without kidneys and submaxillary glands. 2. The aggression-provoked renin fulfils all the criteria so far studied for being identical with renin. 3. It is an acid proteinase which generates angiotensin I with the same Km and specific enzymatic activity as pure submaxillary renin and normal plasma renin. 4. It is immunologically identical with submaxillary renin in the direct renin assay and in crossed immunoelectrophoresis. 5. It is present in plasma as fully enzymatically active 40 000-mol. wt. renin. 6. It is not likely that it arises from an inactive precursor or binding protein in plasma, since there is no inactive renin present and the high-molecular-weight forms of renin are also present after the fighting. 7. None of many organs so far studied can account for the release. 8. Synthesis of renin de novo during fighting is not likely since it is released also after blockade in vivo of protein synthesis. 9. Origin of the renin is unknown. PMID- 7032815 TI - Blood pressure and the renin--angiotensin--aldosterone system. AB - 1. The relationships between blood pressure and the components of the renin- angiotensin--aldosterone system were studied in 49-year-old men (n = 120) who were selected at random from the total population so as to be representative of all blood pressure levels. 2. Only plasma aldosterone concentration was significantly correlated with blood pressure, both in the whole study group (r = 0.22; P less than 0.02) and in the hypertensive blood pressure range (r = 0.36; P less than 0.02). The hypertensive subjects had a significantly higher plasma aldosterone concentration than the borderline and normotensive subjects. 3. Multiple regression analysis including factors related to the renin--angiotensin- aldosterone system, showed that the 24 h urinary excretion of noradrenaline was the factor most strongly correlated to plasma aldosterone. 4. The findings indicate that aldosterone may be the most important component of the renin- angiotensin--aldosterone system in the development and maintenance of essential hypertension. PMID- 7032816 TI - Relationship between plasma renin and cortisol in hypertensive patients. AB - 1. Plasma cortisol at 08.00 hours was significantly higher (P less than 0.005) in patients with high-renin essential or renovascular hypertension (22.6 +/- 1.6 microgram/100 ml) than in patients with normal-renin (15.4 +/- 1.2) or low-renin (11.9 +/- 1.2) forms of hypertension. 2. Plasma cortisol at 12.00 or 16.00 hours did not differ significantly among the three groups; thus the diurnal swing in plasma cortisol was steepest in patients with high plasma renin. 3. Among all patients studied, there was a direct relationship between 08.00 hours plasma cortisol and ambulatory plasma renin activity (r = 0.65, P less than 0.001). 4. In patients with high-renin values, 08.00 hours plasma cortisol fell by 39 +/- 6% after 10 days treatment with the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. No consistent decreases were observed in the normal- or low-renin groups. 5. We conclude that the renin--angiotensin system may interact with the pituitary- adrenal axis to influence circulating levels of cortisol. This effect might conceivably contribute to the pathogenesis of certain high-renin states. PMID- 7032817 TI - Effect of angiotensin II and converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) on blood pressure, plasma renin activity and aldosterone in primary aldosteronism. AB - 1. Patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) show a response of aldosterone to posture which is not present in patients with aldosterone producing adenoma (APA). We have determined whether this could be explained by a different sensitivity to angiotensin II. 2. Angiotensin II was infused in gradually increasing doses in six patients with APA and in seven patients with IHA. No changes in aldosterone concentration were found at the end of each period in APA, whereas there was a significant increase in IHA; blood pressure rose by a similar extent in both groups. 3. In order to evaluate the role of endogenous angiotensin II, captopril, a converting enzyme inhibitor, was administered to six patients with APA and five patients with IHA at a dose of 75 mg/day for 1 week. There was a significant fall of mean blood pressure in IHA and only minimal changes in APA. Plasma renin activity and plasma in urinary aldosterone were unchanged in APA. In IHA there was a small increase in upright plasma renin activity and a slight decrease in both plasma and urinary aldosterone, but these changes were not significant. 4. These findings further support the idea that idiopathic hyperaldosteronism is a clinical state different from that occurring in primary aldosteronism due to adenoma, and may be more closely related to essential hypertension. PMID- 7032818 TI - Two forms of plasma renin after activation in vitro and their relation to natural plasma renin. AB - 1. Inactive renin in human plasma can be activated by pH 3.3-dialysis (generation of acid-activated renin), by clotting factor XII-mediated prekallikrein to kallikrein conversion after pH has been restored to neural (generation of acid kallikrein-activated renin) or by the addition of trypsin (generation of trypsin activated renin). 2. Natural active renin, acid-kallikrein-activated renin and trypsin-activated renin behave similarly during affinity chromatography on Blue Sepharose CL-6B and during gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. They also show similar reaction kinetics with similar pH-optimum curves when acting on sheep renin substrate. 3. Acid-activated renin is different. It is retained on Blue Sepharose columns and it is inactivated at neutral pH during incubation at 37 degrees C. This contrasts with the other forms of renin activated in vitro and with natural active renin. The pH-optimum curve of acid-activated renin, when acting on sheep renin substrate, is also different from that of the other forms of active renin. 4. It is to be proven that the renins generated in vitro by neutral serine proteinases are identical with natural active renin, but clearly they bear more resemblance to natural renin than acid-activated renin does. Our preliminary conclusion is that acid-activated renin is a 'laboratory renin', which does not circulate in normal peripheral venous plasma. PMID- 7032819 TI - Activation of renin in an anaplastic pulmonary adenocarcinoma. AB - 1. Biochemical characteristics of a renin-like enzyme secreted by a pulmonary adenocarcinoma have been studied. A very high renin content was revealed by both enzymatic (10.4 Goldblatt units/g of tissue) and direct radioimmunoassay of immunoreactive renin (23 Goldblatt units/g of tissue). 2. The higher value by direct radioimmunoassay suggested the presence of an inactive form of the enzyme. Indeed 40--100% activation occurred with treatment by trypsin or pepsin or prolonged dialysis at pH 7.4 with or without prior acid dialysis. This neutral activation was completely abolished by a serine proteinase inhibitor. 3. A large fraction of the renin in this tumour is inactive. In comparison with other prohormones produced in tumours the findings support strongly the proposition that renin passes through a proenzyme step in synthesis. PMID- 7032820 TI - Optimum tryptic activation of inactive renin in human plasma is independent of endogenous anti-tryptic activity. AB - 1. Plasma samples from 31 normal subjects were treated (at 4 degrees C, pH 7.0, for 2 min) with different concentrations of trypsin (500, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 microgram/ml) in order to assess which concentration yielded the maximum activation of inactive renin. 2. Endogenous antitryptic activity was also measured in all samples; the mean value +/- SD (in microgram of trypsin inhibited by 1 ml of plasma) was 953 +/- 550 microgram/ml (range 34-1800 microgram/ml). 3. In the entire group of subjects the values of trypsin-activated renin measured with trypsin at 2000 microgram/ml were significantly higher than those obtained with lower or higher trypsin concentrations. 4. With subjects divided into subgroups according to their endogenous anti-tryptic activity, the maximum yield of activation was reached with trypsin at 2000 microgram/ml. 5. No significant correlations were found between single values of active, inactive or trypsin activated renin and the corresponding levels of endogenous anti-tryptic activity. However, a weak but significant correlation (r = 0.39, P less than 0.05) was found between single values of anti-tryptic activity and the corresponding percentage of activation of inactive renin. 6. Thus the maximum activation of inactive renin at 4 degrees C for 2 min is obtained with trypsin at 2000 microgram/ml independently of the corresponding endogenous anti-tryptic activity. It is not excluded that the content of protease inhibitors in human plasma might affect the proportion in vivo of circulating active and inactive renin. PMID- 7032821 TI - Kallikrein and renin: molecular biology and biosynthesis. AB - 1. A cDNA clone library was constructed from male mouse submandibular gland poly(A)+RNA. 2. A 500 base-pair sequence consisting of a 3' untranslated region plus a 447 base-pair region coding for an amino acid sequence having 57% homology with the C-terminal 149 amino acids in the 230 amino acid chain of porcine pancreatic kallikrein was identified. 3. The sequence was strongly but not completely homologous with known mouse submandibular gland serine proteinase sequences and represents the first report of a DNA base sequence for a serine proteinase. It may be part of the gene coding for kallikrein. 4. The biosynthetic pathway for renin was established by continuous-labelling, pulse-chase and cell free translation studies of submandibular gland tissue from normal and testosterone-induced mice. 5. Renin was synthesized as a mol. wt. 46000 preprorenin which is likely to be hydrolysed before completion of the nascent chain. A prorenin of mol. wt. 44500, pI 6.4 was identified and shown to be rapidly converted into a mol. wt. 40000, pI 6.2 renin, which was then converted more slowly into forms of mol. wt 35500, pI 5.6 and mol. wt. 34000, pI 5.4. PMID- 7032822 TI - Influence of family history of hypertension on the relationships between blood pressure, body weight, electrolyte metabolism, renin, prolactin and parathormone. PMID- 7032823 TI - The influence of chronic high alcohol intake on blood pressure, plasma noradrenaline concentration and plasma renin concentration. AB - 1. Sixteen 44-year-old males with chronic high alcohol intake were investigated. Seventeen 44-year-old males with low alcohol intake from the same population served as controls. 2. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations did not differ significantly between individuals with high and low alcohol intake, neither at rest nor after acute stimulation induced by ambulation for 15 min. However, 63% (10 out of 16) of the individuals with high intake showed resting values within the upper quartile range for individuals with low intake. 3. Plasma renin concentration was twice as high (P less than 0.01) in the group with high alcohol intake as in the group with low intake. 4. Systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in the group with high intake compared with the group with low intake. 5. Sympathetic nerve activity, as defined from measurements of plasma noradrenaline concentration, is not uniformly increased in individuals with chronic high alcohol intake. The mechanism behind the increased plasma renin level as well as the possible role of the renin- angiotensin system in alcohol-induced hypertension remain unsettled. PMID- 7032824 TI - Hypertension in the elderly: haemodynamic, fluid volume and endocrine findings. AB - 1. Systemic and renal haemodynamics, intravascular volume, circulating catecholamines and plasma renin activity were measured in 18 patients with established essential hypertension who were older than 60 years of age. Each patient was matched with respect to mean arterial pressure, body surface area, race and sex with a patient that was younger than 42 years of age. 2. When compared with the younger group, elderly patients had a lower cardiac output, impaired myocardial reserve, lesser aortic elasticity, higher total peripheral resistance, more contracted intravascular volume and higher circulating noradrenaline levels. 3. Similar effects of age, although less pronounced, have been reported in normotensive subjects. We conclude that essential hypertension is a pathophysiological process that seems to accelerate the natural physiological haemodynamic, fluid volume and endocrine processes of aging. PMID- 7032825 TI - Does it matter how blood pressure is reduced? PMID- 7032826 TI - The hypotensive effect of propranolol in captopril-treated patients does not involve the plasma renin--angiotensin--aldosterone system. AB - 1. With a double-blind cross-over protocol, 20 hypertensive captopril-treated patients were studied by adding in a variable sequence a placebo and propranolol (80 mg three times a day) to their captopril regimen (200 mg three times a day), during periods each lasting 1 month. During captopril--placebo treatment their diastolic blood pressure remained elevated between 90 and 114 mmHg. 2. The additional administration of propranolol produced a significant hypotensive effect, but no alterations of the plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations and of the urinary aldosterone excretion occurred. The present data indicate that in captopril-treated patients the hypotensive effect of propranolol is achieved independently of changes in the plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone concentration. 3. The additional administration of propranolol also produced an increase in the serum potassium levels in the absence of any change in plasma aldosterone concentration or in the urinary aldosterone excretion. PMID- 7032827 TI - The effect of oral prazosin on blood pressure and plasma concentrations of renin and angiotensin II in man. AB - 1. We studied the effect of oral prazosin on blood pressure, plasma active renin and angiotensin II in 16 recumbent hypertensive patients between 09.00 and 12.00 hours. 2. In untreated patients there were no significant changes in blood pressure, plasma active renin or angiotensin II during the 3 h period. 3. After an initial dose of prazosin (2 mg) there was a significant fall in recumbent blood pressure with progressive increases in plasma active renin and angiotensin II concentrations. 4. After 3--4 weeks' treatment with oral prazosin only, recumbent blood pressure at 09.00 hours, 15 h after the last dose of prazosin, was significantly lower than before treatment, but plasma active renin and angiotensin II were not significantly different from untreated values. 5. After the usual morning dose of prazosin, blood pressure did not change, but there were significant rises in plasma active renin and angiotensin II, less marked than after the first dose of prazosin. 6. Prazosin therefore stimulates the renin- angiotensin system acutely, both after the initial dose and during long-term therapy; however, no effect on renin and angiotensin II is apparent 15 h after the last dose of prazosin. PMID- 7032828 TI - Antihypertensive effect of guanfacine: long-term 'once-a-day' treatment and sudden withdrawal. AB - 1. Twenty patients with essential hypertension were treated with guanfacine given in single daily doses of 1--5 mg over a period of 24 weeks. Compared with the initial values at the end of the first wash-out period, there was a significant decrease of blood pressure and heart rate. The most common side effect, dryness of the mouth, usually disappeared after 8--10 weeks of treatment. No changes in laboratory values were seen. In the post-treatment placebo period there were significant increases in blood pressure and heart rate compared with the last readings during the treatment period. However, these never exceeded the pretreatment values. 2. In a second trial guanfacine (1--5 mg daily) was abruptly discontinued in 11 patients after 6--20 weeks' treatment. Blood pressure was measured twice a day, in lying and standing positions, during the 4 days before abrupt withdrawal of guanfacine and for 7 days after discontinuation. Clopamide was given concurrently to two patients, and this was continued after withdrawal of guanfacine. Only in two patients did the blood pressure rise to values above the initial levels (30 mmHg systolic and 10 mmHg diastolic), but no clinical symptoms were observed during the withdrawal. A transitory increase of heart rate of between 10 and 30 beats/min was observed in five patients after abrupt discontinuation of the drug. PMID- 7032829 TI - The antihypertensive effects of ketanserin (R 41468), a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine blocking agent, in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 7032831 TI - [Open clinical trial of labetalol in ambulatory patients with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7032830 TI - Studies on the role of a humoral sodium-transport inhibitor and the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) in experimental low-renin hypertension. PMID- 7032832 TI - [Clinical trial of a new drug with gastrointestinal action: bromopride]. PMID- 7032833 TI - [Trends in antibiotic therapy in infections of the biliary tract]. PMID- 7032834 TI - Specificity of the EMIT drug abuse urine assay methods. AB - A investigation was conducted to determine the specificity of the EMIT DAU method of drugs of abuse analysis. Drug-free urine, from healthy volunteers, was individually spiked at 1000, 100, 10, and 1 microgram/mL concentrations with each of 162 different drug substances. These spiked samples were analyzed with the EMIT DAU assay for amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepine metabolites, cocaine metabolites, methadone, opiates, and propoxyphene. Although several of the test methods yielded positive results at a concentration of 100 micrograms/mL, many drugs will probably not reach that concentration in the urine. The number of drugs giving a false positive at a concentration of 100 micrograms/mL was very low. The assay for cocaine metabolites gave no false positive results at any of the concentrations studied while the assay for methadone gave the largest number of false positive results. When interpreting the results of this investigation one must consider that in many cases drug metabolites will exist in the urine, salt forms of the drugs studied were used, and ionic strength and pH effects can interfere with the lysozyme enzyme system used in the EMIT DAU assays. In summary, the proper utilization of specificity information may assist the analyst in explaining unusual values obtained in the laboratory, particularly when the subject is concurrently using prescription or nonprescription medication. PMID- 7032835 TI - A review of the toxicity of Lantana camara (Linn) in animals. AB - Lantana poisoning has been taking a heavy toll of livestock year after year. All aspects of the problem are reviewed. Lantana poisoning in cattle, sheep, buffalo, and guinea pigs caused obstructive jaundice, photosensitization, and rise in serum glutamicoxaloaetic transaminase activity. The symptoms could be reproduced in sheep by administration of purified Lantadene A. Liver and kidneys are the most affected organs during lantana poisoning. Intoxication of guinea pigs with Lantana camara leads to marked alterations in major tissue constituents in liver an kidneys. Hepatic and renal xanthine oxidase activity is also elevated during lantana poisoning. No antidote is available against the toxic section of Lantana camara. Symptomatic treatments have been proposed with limited success. Knowledge of the biochemical mechanism of lantana intoxication at the cellular, subcellular, and molecular levels is essential in order to evolve a successful antidote and more rational therapy during lantana intoxication. PMID- 7032836 TI - A program package for quantitative analysis of histologic structure and remodeling dynamics of bone. AB - Quantitative bone histology has become an increasingly valuable tool for the management and diagnosis of metabolic bone disease. A new computer-assisted method for quantitative analysis of bone histology which combines the advantages of discriminatory input by the investigator with a significant reduction of evaluation time is presented. These programs allow the analysis of a sufficient number of subjects from different populations for the establishment of normative data, and are useful in the diagnosis and documentation of the treatment of metabolic bone disease. PMID- 7032837 TI - A computer program for selection of variables in diagnostic and prognostic problems. AB - The computer program INDEP-SELECT has been developed for selection of an optimal subset from a set of possibly informative diagnostic or prognostic variables. But the program is equally useful for other discriminant analysis or pattern recognition problems involving variable selection. The approach is probabilistic; i.e., diagnostic probabilities are assigned to a patient on the basis of the values observed on the diagnostic variables. The statistical model used is largely based on the assumption of independency between the variables, but one model-parameter, the so-called 'global association factor', is added in order to take dependency into account. The stepwise forward selection strategy of adding in each selection step a new variable to the set of already selected variables, is used. The user may choose between a number of selection criteria. Such a criterion is used in order to decide in each selection step which variable should be added. All criteria are based on measures of diagnostic or prognostic performance. INDEP-SELECT is able to handle a large number of variables, also with missing data, and a large number of patients. The program is written in ANS Standard FORTRAN, and takes relatively little computation time. PMID- 7032838 TI - A computer program for transition life tables. PMID- 7032839 TI - Intrauterine contraception with Nova-T and copper-T-200 during three years. AB - A randomized comparative trial on the clinical performance of two copper releasing IUDs (Nova-T and Copper-T-200) was performed simultaneously in Denmark, Finland and Sweden. After three years the cumulative pregnancy rate was 1.9 for Nova-T and 5.0 for Copper-T. This difference in efficacy was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). Copper-T had a lower expulsion rate (p less than 0.05) in the total series but not in postmenstrual insertions. Differences between the two devices in other termination rates were not statistically significant. Analysis according to age and parity demonstrated that the pregnancy rate of Nova-T was lower than that of Copper-T in every age and parity group. The pregnancy rate of Nova-T was not effected by age or parity whereas the pregnancy rate and the expulsion rate of Copper-T decreased with increasing age and parity. The removal rate because of infection decreased markedly after the first year of use for both devices. The cumulative rate of removals for infection during the three years of use was not significantly correlated to age and there was no correlation to parity. The continuation rates increased with age and parity. The continuation rates of nulli- and primiparous women were almost identical with both devices and lower than continuation rates of women with 2 or three or more children. Only 11% of the women were lost to follow-up during 36 months. Nova-T had superior effectiveness in preventing undesired pregnancies when compared with Copper-T. The performance of Nova-T is less affected by age and parity then the performance of Copper-T. The silver core in copper wire gives a prolongation of the life-span for Nova-T. For these reasons, Nova-T appears to meet the requirements for an ideal IUD. PMID- 7032840 TI - Corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid treatments in equine degenerative joint disease. A review. AB - Degenerative arthrosis is perhaps the most common debilitating disease of performance horses. Treatment should be based upon a knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of normal joints and upon an understanding of the processes of degeneration and repair. These topics are briefly reviewed. Although rest is probably, the most beneficial therapy, physical and pharmaceutical treatments are often employed in an effort to speed recovery. The effects and relative benefits of intrasynovial injections of corticosteroids, hyaluronica cid, and Arteparon are considered in detail. Although local corticosteroid therapy is inexpensive and is effective in reducing lameness caused by degenerative joint disease, it is rarely indicated. Septic arthritis and "steroid arthropathy" are two serious sequelae. Whereas the incidence of the former may be avoided through careful technique, the latter effect is inherent in the action of the drug. The accelerated rate of joint destruction observed in steroid arthropathy is due to suppression of chondrocyte metabolism and thus the processes of cartilage maintenance and repair. Hyaluronic acid is present in the synovial fluid and within the matrix of cartilage. The commercial preparation is no approved for use in the United States, but it is commonly obtained from other countries. Although hyaluronate apparently does not function in the lubrication of cartilage surfaces, it may improve lubrication of soft tissues thus decreasing resistance to joint movement and lessening pain. Reports substantiate the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid in treating early cases of degenerative arthrosis despite the fact that the drug does not significantly promote cartilage healing. Arteparon, a polysulfated glycosaminoglycan, has been used in Europe for two decades in the treatment of degeneration joint disease and is currently being tested in this country. The drug is deposited within diseased cartilage and improves the functional properties of the cartilage as well as stimulates cartilage metabolism. PMID- 7032841 TI - Determination of plasma renin activity in renal veins of kidney graft recipients. AB - Renal vein plasma renin activity (PRA) was examined in 10 cadaver kidney recipients with graft artery stenosis detected by angiography in 8 of them. A significantly higher PRA in the graft versus the autologous renal veins occurred only in 1 patient: 4 patients showed significantly higher PRA values in autologous renal veins and 4 showed only insignificant differences. In 1 patient PRA could be determined only in the graft vein. Bilateral autologous nephrectomy was performed in 2 patients. The effect of surgery on hypertension agreed with the results of PRA determination. Renal Vein PRA is a valuable criterion in the indication for surgery. In some patients its determination does not help to decide whether the causative factor of hypertension is the graft or autologous kidneys. PMID- 7032842 TI - Creatine kinase isoenzymes: electrophoretic and quantitative measurements. PMID- 7032843 TI - Hemophilus influenzae infections: part II. PMID- 7032844 TI - Methods of evaluating fetal lung maturity. AB - Respiratory distress syndrome occurs in infants born with immature lungs. The immature fetal lung lacks an adequate supply of surfactant, a phospholipid-rich substance which is produced in the type II cells of the alveolar epithelium. In the fetus, surfactant is secreted into the potential air spaces of the lung and passes into the amniotic fluid as gestation proceeds. It is now clear that most methods currently in use for assessing fetal lung maturity depend on the detection of a sudden release of surfactant into the amniotic fluid as the lung reaches a critical stage of maturity. These methods, which include the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio, the lung profile, total phospholipid or lecithin concentration, fluorescence depolarization, lamellar body phospholipid concentration, and the "shake" test, are reviewed in the light of recent understanding of the nature of surfactant. In assessing each method, we have examined possible sources of error in performing the test in the laboratory, factors which could theoretically limit its ability to reflect the state of fetal lung maturity and current information regarding its reliability, in terms of clinical performance. Guidelines for future research in this area are also suggested. PMID- 7032845 TI - Effects of the respiratory cycle on cardiac output measurements: reproducibility of data enhanced by timing the thermodilution injections in dogs. AB - Cardiac output (Q) was measured with the thermodilution technique at 4 points during the respiratory cycle in dogs. Boluses of an ice-cold solution were injected at mid- and end-inspiration while the animals were on intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) or after induction of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), with and without induction of experimental respiratory failure. Values were mot constant at end-inspiration. During IPPV without respiratory failure, the standard error of 74 measurements at end inspiration was 5.1% and of 74 measurements randomly selected was 9.8%. Continuous infusion resulted in similar fluctuations in Q (r = 0.92). Values obtained during experimental respiratory failure were not significantly different. The authors conclude that timing the bolus injections with the respiratory cycle enhances the reproducibility of Q values obtained with the thermodilution technique. PMID- 7032846 TI - A practical procedure for measuring functional residual capacity during mechanical ventilation with or without PEEP. AB - The measurement of functional residual capacity (FRC) in patients receiving mechanical ventilation may provide valuable data in the assessment and management of acute respiratory failure. Previous descriptions of apparatus and techniques for FRC measurement have either been inapplicable to patients receiving positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), or insufficiently detailed to allow convenient duplication in the clinical setting. The authors describe a helium rebreathing method for bedside determination of FRC which can be performed during ventilation with PEEP and which is applicable in patients with prolonged equilibration times. The method is both reproducible in patients (variation from mean FRC: +/- 2.2%) and accurate (coefficient of variation from in vitro FRC of 3000 ml: +/- 1.7%). The apparatus and assembly are described in detail and require only components which are readily available commercially, so that they may be applicable to clinical use in a general hospital. PMID- 7032847 TI - Detection of pneumoencephaly secondary to mechanical ventilation in neonates. AB - Two newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome developed massive systemic air embolisms and pneumoencephaly. These complications occurred during positive pressure ventilation therapy. Intracranial gas was probably due to the rupture of cerebral vessels secondary to systemic gas embolism. The diagnostic features of plain radiographs, computed tomography, and ultrasonography in the evaluation of this unusual entity are described. The importance of early CT scans of the head is emphasized. PMID- 7032848 TI - CT appearance of long-term renal transplant rejection. PMID- 7032850 TI - Myocardial protection of the homograft II cold coronary perfusion. PMID- 7032849 TI - Cryopreservation and subsequent viability of human bone marrow in hematologic malignancies: comparison of two different methods of cell reconstitution. PMID- 7032851 TI - A brief review of lyophilization damage and repair in bacterial preparations. PMID- 7032852 TI - Efficacy and safety of triamcinolone acetonide aerosol in chronic asthma. Results of a multicenter, short-term controlled and long-term open study. AB - Triamcinolone acetonide aerosol (TAA) and a placebo aerosol were compared in a six-week, double-blind multicenter study. Ninety-six steroid-independent asthmatic patients were randomized into two parallel groups. Each patient was evaluated weekly. After four weeks of treatment, those patients treated with TAA showed highly significant (P less than 0.001) improvement from baseline in pulmonary function tests (FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75%) and in asthmatic symptoms, whereas no significant improvement was observed in those patients who received placebo aerosol. In the TAA-treated patients, 78 percent were rated wtih an excellent or good response, compared with 24 percent in the placebo patients. During the subsequent one-week washout period, mean pulmonary function test values of the TAA-treated group were significantly reduced (P less than 0.0001). Eighty-eight patients continued into the one-year, open-label phase of the study. Highly significant (P less than 0.001) improvement from baseline was observed in pulmonary function tests and in asthmatic symptoms at each bimonthly evaluation during the 12-month segment. Mean plasma-cortisol level changes were not statistically significant. At the end of the long-term study, the performance of TAA was subjectively rated by the investigators (excellent or good in 92 percent of the patients) and by the patients (excellent or good in 89 percent). Mild-to moderate adverse reactions (sore throat, hoarseness) were reported by six patients during the six-week phase and by ten patients during the 12-month phase. Thus, TAA was a safe and effective treatment in this series of bronchial asthma patients. PMID- 7032853 TI - [An hour with Prof. Jean Hamburger]. PMID- 7032854 TI - [Treatment of pseudarthrosis of the long bones with formalin-preserved bone transplants]. PMID- 7032855 TI - [Effects and significance of the electromechanical activity of bone]. PMID- 7032856 TI - [Sayre's tripod]. PMID- 7032857 TI - [Lengthening of the femur in children (considerations on 34 operated cases)]. PMID- 7032858 TI - [Lengthening of the tibia in children (considerations on 24 operated cases)]. PMID- 7032859 TI - [Obstetrical rupture of the pubic symphysis]. PMID- 7032860 TI - [Strephopodia in the fantasy and art of Gustave Flaubert]. PMID- 7032862 TI - [Modification of the Hegar needle for vascular surgery]. PMID- 7032861 TI - [Operative tactical procedure in esophageal lesions]. PMID- 7032863 TI - [Microvascular reconstruction of the bronchial artery in pulmonary autotransplant in the dog]. PMID- 7032864 TI - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. A new method of excising the two upper portions of the rectum and the lower segment of the sigmoid flexure of the colon -- by H. Widenham Maunsell. AB - H. W. Maunsell was born in Dublin in 1847 and obtained his degree from the College of Surgeons in 1867. He went to Melbourne the following year and became resident medical officer at the Melbourne Hospital. Following this appointment he took a similar post in Hokitika, New Zealand. After a short period of private practice he returned to Europe, receiving his M.D. degree at his old University in 1876. He returned to New Zealand, settling at Dunedin, and ultimately held the post of honorary surgeon to that hospital. In 1892 he reemigrated to the South Kensington section of London, devoting his efforts to writing, lecturing and illustrating. He was quite well known as a very fine artist and supplemented his surgical lectures with his own beautifully illustrated drawings. He was an innovative surgeon and is credited with original concepts in the technique of intra-abdominal hysterectomy. He was elected to the fellowship of the British Gynecological Society in 1889, and was appointed a Councillor in 1893. The article which is reproduced in this Classics section represents one of the earliest descriptions of the abdomino-anal pull-through procedure for carcinoma of the rectum. It was said that "the Maunsell Method will be at least more frequently employed, if it does not eventually displace the other procedure, i.e., Murphy's operation for intestinal anastomosis." Maunsell died on February 21, 1985, from bronchitis following influenza, at the age of 48. PMID- 7032865 TI - [Prodigiosin emission from Serratia marcescens during electroimmobilization]. PMID- 7032866 TI - [Ultrastructure of splenic immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes labelled with a peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex]. PMID- 7032867 TI - [Decrease in liver mitochondrial sensitivity to the regulating action of an insulin-dependent cytoplasmic regulator during glucocorticoid administration]. PMID- 7032868 TI - [Primary structure of Escherichia coli RNA-polymerase. The nucleotide sequence of the rpoC gene and the amino acid sequence of the beta'-subunit]. PMID- 7032870 TI - The digoxin index 1966-1981. Part I. PMID- 7032869 TI - [Atenolol, a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent, in treatment of hypertension: therapeutic effect and hemodynamic changes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7032871 TI - Research methodology. Needs assessment. AB - A review of the basic concepts in needs assessment and of the various ways in which needs assessment is performed with applications to clinical and health care programs is discussed in this article. PMID- 7032872 TI - Trazodone (Desyrel, Mead-Johnson Pharmaceutical Division). AB - Trazodone is the first triazolopyridine derivative to be used clinically for the treatment of depression. It has been shown to be equal in efficacy to the tricyclic antidepressants imipramine, desipramine, and amitriptyline in the treatment of major depressive episodes. Researchers have indicated that trazodone exceeds other antidepressants in relieving anxiety, but further study is needed to confirm this effect. Trazodone has been used successfully to relieve depression in schizophrenic patients without worsening their psychotic symptoms. Trazodone blocks serotonin reuptake into presynaptic neurons with little effect on norepinephrine or dopamine. It is rapidly absorbed orally and reaches peak serum levels within two hours. Trazodone is excreted primarily as metabolites by the kidneys and possesses a biphasic elimination half-life of 4.4 hours for the first 10 hours and 7.5 hours for the next 24 hours. Trazodone 200 mg is equal to imipramine 100 mg, and the therapeutic dosage range is 200-600 mg/d. Side effects are infrequent with trazodone; its anticholinergic activity is minimal. Trazodone appears to produce less cardiovascular toxicity than tricyclic antidepressants. To date, reports of fatal overdoses are rare. Trazodone equals available antidepressant drugs in clinical efficacy, and, because it has fewer cardiovascular and anticholinergic side effects, it should prove beneficial in the treatment of depression. PMID- 7032873 TI - Metallothionein: historical aspects of trace spectrochemical analysis. PMID- 7032874 TI - Renal toxicity of lithium. PMID- 7032876 TI - [Prostacyclin and thromboxane in thrombosing atherosclerotic diseases]. PMID- 7032875 TI - Resistance to diuretics: emphasis on a pharmacological perspective. AB - Resistance to diuretics occurs frequently in clinical settings. Most attention to this phenomenon has been directed toward the pathophysiology of the disease state, with little focus on the pharmacology of the diuretics themselves. This review summarises the pathogenesis and emphasises the pharmacological determinants of response to diuretics, including absorption, delivery to the kidney, and response to amounts of diuretic reaching the site of action. In normal subjects, overall response to organic acid diuretics such as frusemide (furosemide) is determined by the total amount of drug delivered into the urine (reflecting amounts of drug reaching the intraluminal site of action), the time course of delivery, and the relationship between amounts of drug reaching the urine and response (the dynamics of response). The conditions of azotaemia, inhibition of synthesis of prostaglandins, and the oedematous disorders of congestive heart failure, cirrhotic liver disease and nephrotic syndrome are examined in the above context. In azotaemic subjects, delivery of organic acid diuretics to their intraluminal site of action is inhibited by accumulated endogenous organic acids which compete for transport into the nephron at the organic acid secretory site of the proximal tubule. Whether the dynamics of response are changed has not been investigated. During inhibition of synthesis of prostaglandins, and in the oedematous disorders, there appear to be no changes in handling of frusemide; i.e. bioavailability, total drug delivered into the urine and the time course of delivery are comparable with that in normal subjects unless concomitant renal dysfunction exists. Resistance in these conditions is therefore due to a change in the dynamics of response. PMID- 7032877 TI - [P. E. Simola and the citric acid cycle]. PMID- 7032878 TI - [Timolol maleate in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7032879 TI - [Pain in the changing world]. PMID- 7032880 TI - Problems of Salmonella infections in a hospital in Kenya. PMID- 7032881 TI - [Dental preparation technic: principles, situational analysis, work concept]. PMID- 7032882 TI - [Clinical trial of 2 composite filling materials based on ISO (International Standardization Organization) requirements]. PMID- 7032883 TI - [Properties and compatibility of a new biocement after intraosseous implantation in an animal experiment (preliminary results)]. PMID- 7032884 TI - [Diagnosis of psychosomatic disorders in dental prosthetics practice]. PMID- 7032885 TI - [Design of intermediate bridge pontics]. PMID- 7032886 TI - [Effect of mechanical mixing on the setting behavior of elastic impression compounds]. PMID- 7032887 TI - [Analysis of controlled studies comparing mianserin and clomipramine (author's transl)]. AB - The analysis of three controlled studies comparing mianserin and clomipramine shows that none of them has elicited statistically significant differences between drugs, although populations were different: primary depression almost equally divided in endogenous and exogenous cases (de Buck), primary depression mostly neurotic (Pinder), involutional melancholia (Blaha). The only difference found as to efficacy was a more precocious onset of action for mianserin in the group of the endogenous depressions (de Buck). Mianserin causes significantly less side effects, above all as to hypotension, dry mouth, tremor and blurred vision. PMID- 7032888 TI - [Mianserin: review and discussion of its double-blind studies versus nomifensine]. PMID- 7032889 TI - [Organic illness and depression (author's transl)]. AB - Depression constitutes a major health problem. Its prevalence in any one year is about 3 per cent of the general population. Most depressed patients are seen by general practitioners, and represent approximately 10 to 18 per cent of their patients. Depression should be present in about 20 per cent of the inpatients in general medicine departments. Depression and organic pathology are very often associated, thus leading to diagnosis mistakes and delays in medical care. Depressions masked by somatic symptoms frequently provoked such mistakes. Depressions occurring during and after medical illnesses, and more specifically chronic illnesses, are often completely neglected. These depressions hinder the patient's readaptation and impair his recovery although they would, in the majority of cases, be accessible to chemotherapeutic and/or psychotherapeutic treatment. PMID- 7032890 TI - Digitalis-like biological activity and immunoreactivity in chromatographic fractions of rabbit adrenal extract. AB - Dichloromethane extract of rabbit adrenals was subjected to thin-layer chromatography (Kieselgel 60F-254, MERCK) and digoxin immunoreactivity and digitalis glycoside-like biological activity were determined in the fractions by homogeneous enzymoimmunoassay and by inhibition of 86Rb uptake by red blood cells in vitro, respectively. Both the immunoreactivity and the biological activity maximum were present in two fractions which moved (in chromatography) between the corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone and showed a different RF from the deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone. In association with previous findings on digoxin-like immunoreactivity in the serum of animals with a cardiac overload, the possible existence of a cardiotropic steroid of adrenocortical origin is suggested. PMID- 7032891 TI - Insulin receptors in isolated adipocytes from rats with different neonatal nutrition. AB - The influence of different neonatal nutrition on the properties of insulin receptor in isolated adipocytes was studied. The changes of neonatal nutrition were achieved by adjustment of the number of sucklings to 4, 8 and 14 per one litter. After weaning (at the age of 30 days) the animals were fed standard pelleted diet ad libitum. The isolated fat cells from male rats neonatally overfed (i.e. 4 per litter), underfed (i.e. 14 per litter) and control group (i.e. 8 per litter) aged 30, 60, 120 and 500 days were prepared and used for insulin binding studies. The results showed that the total number of insulin receptors is the same in small and large adipocytes from neonatally over- or underfed animals, but a negative correlation between insulin binding sites per unit of surface area and fat cell size was found. The smaller adipocytes from neonatally underfed rats apparently showed a higher binding affinity to insulin as compared to larger fat cells from neonatally overfed animals. PMID- 7032892 TI - The antiandrogenic action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its agonists on the mouse kidney. PMID- 7032893 TI - Stimulation of progesterone and prostaglandin E accumulation by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and LHRH analogs in rat granulosa cells. AB - The present investigation was performed to characterize the accumulation of progesterone and prostaglandin E (PGE) by rat granulosa cells exposed to LHRH and LHRH analogs in vitro. Granulosa cells were obtained from immature rats 48 h after the injection of 20 IU PMS gonadotropin and incubated for up to 5 h, followed by determination of the total progesterone and PGE accumulated in cells and medium. LHRH and several LHRH agonists, at concentrations of 10-2000 ng/ml, caused 2- to 3-fold increases in progesterone accumulation. This stimulation was consistently much less than the 15- to 30-fold increase produced by LH or FSH. A LHRH agonist also stimulated PGE synthesis by rat granulosa cells, but in this case the stimulation was similar in magnitude and time course to the effect of LH. In addition, the injection of a LHRH agonist into hypophysectomized, PMS gonadotropin-treated immature rats resulted in elevated ovarian PGE content 5 h later. The effect of LHRH on progesterone and PGE accumulation by rat granulosa cells was blocked by a LHRH antagonist. Lh stimulation of progesterone and PGE accumulation, on the other hand, was not affected by this antagonist. Incubation of granulosa cells with LHRH agonist did not reduce the progesterone or PGE response to LH or FSH, even at suboptimum concentrations of gonadotropin. The presence of 10(-7) M testosterone did not modify the effect of a LHRH agonist on basal or LH-stimulated progesterone and PGE accumulation. In acute incubations of granulosa cells from mature follicles, therefore, LHRH specifically stimulates progesterone and PGE accumulation when present alone, and does not modify the stimulation of progesterone accumulation by LH or FSH. PMID- 7032894 TI - Changes in Scatchard plots for insulin binding to mammary epithelial cells from cycling, pregnant, and lactating mice. AB - Insulin binding to its receptors was studied in collagenase-dissociated mammary cells prepared from mice that were cycling, pregnant, or lactating. Mammary cells (3 X 10(6)) were incubated in medium 199 (0.4 ml) supplemented with iodinated insulin (0.8-1 ng/ml) for 45 min at room temperature. The dissociation of iodinated insulin from its receptors was accelerated by the presence of native insulin. The specific binding of insulin at a physiological concentration (1 ng/ml) increased on day 0 of pregnancy and on day 3 of lactation. The Scatchard plots showed predominantly high affinity binding during estrous cycles and in early pregnancy, and low affinity binding in late pregnancy and lactation. Scatchard plots were further analyzed for evidence of negative cooperativity and of two independent receptors. The negative cooperativity model gave well fitted curves for unconstrained parameters. However, dissociation constants for insulin binding to empty sites were too high during lactation. The independent two receptor model gave also well fitted curves for unconstrained parameters at each stage. The dissociation constants for high affinity and low affinity receptors, which were optimal throughout the entire stage, were 1.0 and 20.0 nM, respectively. There was no significant difference between these dissociation constants and any of unconstrained constants at each stage. When dissociation constants were constrained throughout entire stages, the number of receptors for high affinity binding increased on day 0 of pregnancy and in early lactation, and the number for low affinity binding showed one peak on day 3 of lactation. Changes in these receptors were independent. From these results, we propose that at least two species of insulin receptors are present in mouse mammary epithelial cells; the high affinity receptor may be associated with the stimulation of DNA synthesis. PMID- 7032895 TI - Ovulation induced by a gonadotropin releasing hormone analog in hypophysectomized rats involves prostaglandins. AB - A potent analogue of gonadotropin releasing hormone [D-Ala6- Des-Gly10-NH2]-GnRH ethylamide (GnRHa) caused oocyte maturation and ovulation when injected in the afternoon of proestrus in immature PMSG-treated female rats, hypophysectomized on the morning of proestrus. This action of GnRHa was accompanied by a marked increase in ovarian PGE levels. Furthermore, the pretreatment of the animals with a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor (indomethacin) completely inhibited this PGE increase and ovulation. These data suggest a role for prostaglandins in GnRHa induced ovulation. PMID- 7032896 TI - Some effects of triamcinolone pretreatment on intravenous glucose tolerance test in patients with different thyroid function. AB - In 42 patients (17 hypothyroid -Hypo, 14 euthyroid -Eu and 11 thyrotoxic -TX) the intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed before and after triamcinolone sensitization. The blood sugar (BS), immunoreactive insulin (IRI), growth hormone (GH), inorganic phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and total proteins (TP) were assessed and glucose disappearance rate was calculated from absolute values (KGt) and from increments (KGi) of glucose. Triamcinolone caused a rise of BS in Eu an Tx subgroups and a decrease of KGt and KGi in Hypo and decrease of KGt in Tx. No differences were found in patterns of IRI, GH, TP and Ca, respectively, but a significant rise of P after triamcinolone was found in Hypo and Eu subgroup. When comparing the subgroups according to thyroid function, only mild differences could be demonstrated in BS pattern both during IVGTT and TIVGTT, but significant differences of KGt and KGi were found between Eu and Hypo subgroups. No differences were observed in patterns of IRI, GH and Ca (except fasting values in Eu and Hypo subgroups during IVGTT, but significant differences were found in the pattern of P and particularly of TP. Except of differences of TP and P, changes during TIVGTT were not more pronounced than those during IVGTT. The comparison of effects of triamcinolone pretreatment on IVGTT and on OGTT (as were described previously) demonstrated similar effects of triamcinolone in Eu subgroups (significant changes of BS, IRI and P), but different action in Hypo- and Tx subgroups (where the significant changes of BS, IRI and P during OGTT and IVGTT were not parallel). These findings may suggest a possible role of some gastrointestinal and/or hepatic factors in action of triamcinolone in impaired thyroid function, but not in normal persons. PMID- 7032897 TI - Changes of early insulin responses to glucose in obese subjects with normal and impaired carbohydrate tolerance. AB - We have studied changes in the sensitivity of the early insulin response to glucose by means of an intravenous pulse-stimulation of 1.0 g, 2.5 g and 5.0 glucose at intervals of 30 min in 24 non-obese healthy controls without a family history of diabetes and in obese subjects with normal (n = 7) and pathological carbohydrate tolerance (n = 23). All subjects were characterized regarding carbohydrate tolerance (CHT) by using a 2 h-glucose infusion test (GIT; 12 mg/kg/min), primed by an initial injection of 0.33 g/kg glucose. Compared with controls the early insulin response (delta IRI-area 0-5 min) during GIT was slightly increased in obesity with normal CHT and it was significantly reduced in obesity with pathological CHT. With regard to the late insulin response phase (delta IRI-area 30-120 min) both obese groups were characterized by a significant hyperinsulinemia. During staircase glucose stimulation a dose-dependent significant increase of the maximal IRI-response was observed in controls whereas this strong relationship was lacking in the two obese groups. The dose-response curve in obesity with normal CHT was displaced toward the left of the control curve whereas a right shift was found in obesity with pathological CHT. There was a significant correlation between early insulin response during GIT and maximal insulin response revealed by staircase glucose stimulation in obese subjects with pathological CHT. No close relationship of this type could be detected in the other groups so far studied. Our findings suggest an increased sensitivity of the beta-cells to glucose in the hyperinsulinemia stages of obesity with normal CHT. In contrast to this, a reduced sensitivity of the early insulin response to glucose is suggested in obesity with pathological CHT. A staircase glucose stimulation seems to be a useful tool in studying the early insulin response to glucose. PMID- 7032898 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for plasma renin activity: II. Clinical application. AB - The application of an enzyme immunoassay for plasma renin activity in clinical diagnosis was studied and the following findings were obtained: 1. In patients with primary aldosteronism, very low renin activities were found. On the other hand, increased renin levels were observed in patients with secondary aldosteronism (renal artery stenosis, malignant hypertension, Bartter's syndrome). 2. Plasma renin activity was found to be considerably increased in Addison's disease. Measurements of Plasma renin were a guide-line for appropriate mineralocorticoid substitution in those patients. In 6 patients with salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, the renin activity was also elevated and normalized after corticoid treatment. 3. During pregnancy, the renin levels showed an increasing tendency from the first to third trimester. Women with pre-eclampsia showed higher values than normal pregnant women. 4. An age-dependent change of renin activity was observed in newborns and children, especially markedly increased values during the first 5 days of life. 5. During the normal menstrual cycle the renin levels increased to a maximum in the mid-luteal phase. A significant increase of renin activity was found in women taking oral contraceptives. Previously, we reported on the determination of renin activity by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Hubl et al., 1980). In this study, we examined the clinical application of this EIA. PMID- 7032899 TI - Smooth muscle myosin in precursor and mature smooth muscle cells in normal pulmonary arteries and the effect of hypoxia. AB - Exposure to hypoxia increases pulmonary arterial muscularity-in the intra-acinar arteries "new" muscle appears in the normally nonmuscular regions and in the preacinar arteries, medial thickness increases. In the present study by immunofluorescence techniques, the myosin content of the pulmonary arterial walls at two levels of the circulation (intra-acinar and preacinar) were studied in control rats and those exposed to hypobaric hypoxia of 380 torr for 3,7, 10, or 14 days. In control animals, we show that the precursor smooth muscle cells, pericytes and intermediate cells normally present in the nonmuscular regions of the intra-acinar arteries, contain smooth muscle myosin. With exposure to hypoxia, smooth muscle myosin in the intra-acinar arteries increases to Day 10, both in area of staining and fluorescent intensity. This is in contrast to the preacinar arteries were only the area of myosin increases. Antihuman platelet (non-muscle) myosin shows a little faint staining in both control and hypoxic animals. Adaptations to hypoxia by the intra-acinar precursor and preacinar mature smooth muscle cells is different, and suggests that the functions subserved by the myosin filaments at each of the two levels differs. PMID- 7032900 TI - The anaerobe-mediated mutagenicity of 2-nitrofluorene and 2-aminofluorene for Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Anaerobic bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis, B vulgatus, and B thetaiotaomicron) possess the enzymic ability to convert 2-nitrofluorene and 2-aminofluorene to substances mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium. If it be assumed that the active intermediate for both chemicals is 2-hydroxylaminofluorene, then these bacteria possess reductive as well as oxidative capabilities. PMID- 7032901 TI - Mutagenicity of pesticides evaluated by means of gene-conversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Nine pesticides, Afugan, Atrazine, Benomyl, Captan, Daconil, Melthaumittel, Plantvax, Saprol, and Wepsin were tested for the induction of mitotic gene conversion in two different eucaryotic microorganisms, Saccharomyces cerevisae and Aspergillus nidulans. In S cerevisiae the pesticides were also tested after mouse liver microsomal activation; in A nidulans all tests were performed using both resting and germinating conidia. Among the tested pesticides, only Captan revealed a consistent genetic activity, three times greater than that observed with the standard mutagen methylmethansulphonate. This genetic activity of Captan is suppressed after mammalian metabolic conversion. The use of germinating conidia in A nidulans for scoring the induction of mitotic gene-conversion did not give any further information on the activity of the tested pesticides. PMID- 7032902 TI - Mutagenicity tests of fabric-finishing agents in Salmonella typhimurium: fiber reactive wool dyes and cotton flame retardants. AB - Thirty-nine fabric-finishing agents were tested for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium. Twenty-four fiber-reactive wool dyes and three acid dyes (not fiber-reactive) were screened by spot tests in strains TA100, TA98, TA1535, and TA1537. Among these dyes, seven bromoacrylamide dyes and one vinyl sulfone dye were mutagenic. Additionally, one of the three acid dyes was mutagenic in spot tests. The mutagenicity of the acid dye was due to an impurity or breakdown product rather than to the dye itself; the origin of the activities of the other dyes is unknown. No mutagenicity was observed among five chlorotriazine or four sulfonyl-ethane sulfonic acid dyes. Eight phosphorus-containing flame retardants (phosphonium, phosphine, phosphine oxide, and phosphonic acid derivatives) and methyl-N-methylolcarbamate, which is employed to obtain a flame-retardant finish on cotton, were tested for mutagenicity in strains TA100, TA98, TA1535, and TA1537, using quantitative incorporation assays. All were nonmutagenic. Two of three bromoalkyl-substituted triazine flame retardants were mutagenic in strains TA100 and TA1535. It is unknown whether this activity is due to impurities or to the parent compound. The flame retardants tested were either in actual commercial use or in experimental development for potential commercial processes. These results indicate the need for early testing of potential fabric-finishing agents and processes. PMID- 7032903 TI - Estimation of the weight-dependent probability of detecting a mutagen with the Ames assay. PMID- 7032904 TI - Effects of crude oil on swimming behavior and survival in the rice rat. PMID- 7032905 TI - Suppression of antibody response in mice by acute exposure to nitrogen dioxide: in vitro study. PMID- 7032906 TI - Equine immunology: an introductory review. AB - This article attempts to relate some of the more recently accepted concepts of immunology to an understanding of the mechanisms of immunity in the horse. The cellular mechanisms involved in the immune response are outlined, with an indication of their likely role in humoral and cell-mediated immunity. In describing the humoral immune response, the structure and function of the different equine immunoglobulins are reviewed. The significance of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses are considered in relation to actively and passively acquired immunity. PMID- 7032907 TI - Preliminary studies of the response of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in Nazareth town, central Ethiopia. PMID- 7032908 TI - Severe hypoglycaemic reactions in Ethiopian diabetics. PMID- 7032909 TI - Electron microscopic analysis of the interaction of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase with alkylated T7 DNA. PMID- 7032910 TI - Properties of sorbitol dehydrogenase and characterization of a reactive cysteine residue reveal unexpected similarities to alcohol dehydrogenases. AB - Sorbitol dehydrogenase was characterized as a homogeneous protein on affinity chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. Tests of stability, sensitivity to inhibitors, and protection by coenzyme suggest that the enzyme has essential cysteine, metal, and probably histidine. The native enzyme has a molecular weight around 140 000 and a subunit around 35 000--40 000, suggesting a tetrameric quaternary structure. Subunits are highly similar if not identical as judged by characterization of one unique 45-residue sequence containing a single reactive cysteine residue. Properties resemble those of mammalian and yeast alcohol dehydrogenases, and the sequence determined for the region around the reactive cysteine residue is homologous to that around one of the zinc-liganding cysteine residues at the active site of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Sorbitol dehydrogenase thus reveals an unexpected relationship to alcohol dehydrogenases, from which ancestral connections and functional mechanisms in this group of enzymes may be further elucidated. PMID- 7032911 TI - Immunochemical studies of factor V of bovine platelets. AB - Immunochemical techniques were employed to investigate the molecular properties of bovine platelet factor V. An antiserum prepared against purified factor V rapidly inactivated platelet factor V, indicating that platelet factor V is antigenically related to plasma factor V. A reaction of identity between factor V in plasma and purified factor V was documented by immunodiffusion against an antibody to platelet factor V. When platelet factor V was extracted with Triton X 100 in the presence of protease inhibitors and subjected to immunoelectrophoresis against the antiserum to plasma factor V, a single antigenic component migrating toward the anode was observed. In the absence of protease inhibitors, following release by collagen or solubilization, platelet factor V appeared close to the origin suggesting proteolytic alteration. Platelet factor V released by collagen or extracted with Triton X-100 was activated by thrombin 7.4-fold and 4.5-fold respectively, compared to a 17-fold activation of factor V in plasma under identical conditions. The ability of thrombin to activate platelet factor V as well as the close correspondence of factor V activity and antigen released by collagen indicates that the molecule is largely in the unactivated form after release. A single component of molecular weight 270 000 was seen when platelet factor V released by collagen was immunoprecipitated and subjected to dodecylsulphate gel electrophoresis. Factor V coagulant assays and immunoelectrophoresis of subcellular fractions showed that platelet factor V is localized primarily in the alpha granules. Platelet factor V appears to be similar to, if not identical with, plasma factor V by the criteria of immunologic identity, similar electrophoretic mobility and virtually identical molecular weights. PMID- 7032912 TI - Study of a zone highly sensitive to proteases in flavocytochrome b2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Flavocytochrome b2 from baker's yeast is a bifunctional tetrameric protein which carries two prosthetic groups, FMN and heme, per subunit of Mr 58 000. The amino terminus of the subunit is wrapped around the heme and constitutes the so-called cytochrome b2 core (Mr 11 000), homologous to cytochrome b5. It has been shown in the past that a number of proteases (yeast proteases, chymotrypsin) preferentially cleave the peptide chain at a point situated much further down the polypeptide chain than the C terminus of the heme-binding domain. Some enzymatic parameters are concomitantly modified, but not the quaternary structure. This paper describes the conditions for selective proteolysis of intact flavocytochrome b2 and of its various previously studied stable nicked forms by the protease from Staphylococcus aureus V8. Successive attack by a combination of two proteases is also described. We have established the amino acid sequence of the area where proteolytic attack takes places, and shown that chymotrypsin and S. aureus protease open only one bond, whereas yeast proteases remove five residues from the central part. The various nicked forms, some of which have lost up to 16 amino acid residues, have been enzymatically characterized. These and previous results lend support to, but do not prove, the idea that the flavodehydrogenase part of flavocytochrome b2 may be composed of two domains, linked by the region accessible to proteases. That area might constitute a hinge or rather a clasp between the domains. PMID- 7032913 TI - Active site of alpha-lytic protease: enzyme-substrate interactions. AB - The active site of alpha-lytic protease has been studied with a number of synthetic peptides and compared with similar data published for elastase. The kinetic data indicate that the active site of alpha-lytic protease extends over at least six subsites (S4--S2'). This extended active site has the effect of increasing kcat/Km by more than 10(6)-fold on going from an N-acetylated amino acid amide to a hexapeptide, due mainly to increases in kcat. There are major differences between alpha-lytic protease and elastase, both in terms of the kinetic parameters for a number of substrates and in terms of the tertiary structure of the active site. The ability of the S1 subsite to interact with various P1 amino acid side chains differs markedly between the two enzymes, and can be rationalized in terms of the tertiary structural differences. For alpha lytic protease, enzyme-substrate interactions made in subsite S2 appears to be of primary importance, whereas subsite S4 is most important for elastase. The tertiary structural homology of alpha-lytic protease with another bacterial serine protease, Streptomyces griseus protease A, has allowed detailed model building of a tetrapeptide Ac-Pro-Ala-Pro-Ala-OH at the active site. In this way, the subsites S1--S4 have been examined for alpha-lytic protease and compared to other serine proteases. PMID- 7032914 TI - The mechanism of tryptophan binding to tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli. AB - The kinetics of the binding of L-tryptophan to the alpha 2 holo beta 2 complex of tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli have been measured by rapid-mixing techniques under conditions where tryptophan release is mainly rate-determining in tryptophan synthesis. The dependence of the three observable rate processes on the concentration of L-tryptophan suggests a mechanism in which a rapid binding step is followed by two isomerizations. The effect of the substrate analogue indolepropanol phosphate on the kinetics of binding and synthesis from L-serine and indole supports a branched mechanism with an unproductive enzyme-ligand complex being the major species. The productive enzyme-ligand complex absorbs light at 473 nm but not at 500 nm. These observations, and binding studies with D tryptophan, suggest that at least two alterative modes of binding of L-tryptophan exist on the enzyme. The effects of protons, indole and indolepropanol phosphate on the three rate processes explain the dependence of kcat on the three non competitive ligands. PMID- 7032915 TI - Glutathione reductase from human erythrocytes: amino-acid sequence of the structurally known FAD-binding domain. AB - Glutathione reductase (Mr 2 x 52 500), a flavoenzyme of known three-dimensional structure, catalyses the reduction of glutathione disulfide by NADPH. This paper describes the primary structure of the FAD-binding domain which ranges from AcAla 1 to Gly-157. The three CNBr-produced fragments (69, 10 and 80 residues) of the domain were fractionated further by enzymatic and chemical methods; isolated peptides were sequenced mainly by automatic solid-phase Edman degradation. The tryptic peptides were overlapped by chymotryptic peptides. A fragment which results from cleavage at the acid-labile bond between Asp-135 and Pro-136 supplied peptides for overlapping the CNBr-produced fragments. In addition, many peptides were ordered and overlapped by computerized comparison with a complete sequence guessed from the electron density map. With one exception the computer method and the chemical alignment gave the same results. The sequence data are discussed in the light of the secondary and tertiary structure (Schulz et al. (1978) Nature (Lond.) 273, 120--124]. The 17 N-terminal residues are not visible in the electron density map. Consequently our numbering scheme differs from that of Schulz et al. by approximately 20 residues. Acetylation of the N terminus and an unusual composition of the following residues may serve to protect the loose N terminal section of the protein against proteolysis in situ. The four cysteinyl residues of the FAD domain are of special interest. Cys-2 at the tip of the N terminal extension is likely to be involved in the aggregation behaviour of glutathione reductase. Cys-58 and Cys-63 (formerly Cys-41 and Cys-46) represent the enzyme's redox-active dithiol. Cys-90 with its location at the twofold axis forms a disulfide bridge with Cys-90 of the other peptide chain of the enzyme. This might be related to the fact that both peptide chains contribute to each of the two active centers. In view of the interchain disulfide bridge glutathione reductase should be regarded as a monomeric protein. The sequence of the FAD binding domain was compared with the sequence of the NADPH-binding domain of glutathione reductase using a computer program. As discussed, the scarcity of sequence similarities does not argue against the assumption that the two nucleotide-binding domains of glutathione reductase originated by gene duplication. The pyrophosphate moiety of FAD binds to a part of the polypeptide chain which in geometric structure, in topology and in sequence resembles the phosphate loops of other nucleotide-binding proteins and of flavodoxin. Using the phosphate loop as a reference, the N-terminal sequence of five flavoproteins can be aligned. The results of Williams et al. on the sequence of lipoamide dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.4.3) and our data on glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) show clearly that these two mechanistically similar enzymes possess homologous structures. PMID- 7032916 TI - Impaired weight gain and renovascular hypertension. AB - An eight month old infant was admitted to hospital because of poor weight gain. During the hospitalization she became unconscious and had convulsions. On these occasions a high blood pressure (205/120 mm Hg) was measured. In further evaluation of the hypertension, high plasma renin activity (32.8 ug/l/h) with a high serum aldosterone concentration (13000 pmol/l) was measured. Because of these findings renal angiography was performed: this revealed a stenosis of the left renal artery. A reconstruction of the renal artery was performed by a microsurgical technique and nine months after the operation the child was only mildly hypertensive but still required antihypertensive medication (propranolol 10 x 3, hydralazine 5 mg x 2): with this treatment her blood pressure was 110/80 mm Hg. After the operation her weight rose from below 2.5 percentile to the 10th percentile. The importance of blood pressure measurement in all children and infants admitted to hospital, regardless of their symptoms, is stressed. PMID- 7032917 TI - Reminiscence and the second half of life. AB - The theoretical and empirical literature on reminiscence during the second half of life is reviewed. In general, the theoretical accounts suggest reminiscence to be an evaluative, private phenomenon involving large segments of one's past and serving an adaptive function. The unique set of problems and concerns of late life activates the process which involves the assessment of both positive and negative events and generally produces some adjustment-relevant insight in one's life or self. As a group, the empirical research has lagged behind theory and is in its earliest stage; procedural differences and methodological flaws render the findings unclear. However, it was tentatively concluded that reminiscence is a complex phenomenon varying along many dimensions--content, frequency, form, function, affect, outcome and eliciting stimuli. Suggestions for future investigations call for focused, rigorous examination of the dimensions of reminiscence, careful definition and measurement of key constructs and the amination of specific theoretical hypotheses. Also recommended for study was the relationship of critical life events to reminiscence and adaptation, and the likelihood of reminiscence being a life-long activity. PMID- 7032918 TI - Therapeutic effect of tamoxifen versus combined tamoxifen and diethylstilboestrol in advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. PMID- 7032919 TI - Scintigraphic methods in breast cancer. PMID- 7032920 TI - Alternating cyclical hormonal-cytotoxic combination chemotherapy in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. An EORTC trial. PMID- 7032921 TI - CMF versus CMF plus tamoxifen in advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. An EORTC trial. PMID- 7032922 TI - Hormono-chemotherapy versus hormonotherapy followed by chemotherapy in the treatment of disseminated breast cancer. PMID- 7032923 TI - A phase III study of prednimustine (LEO 1031) in advanced breast cancer. A preliminary report. PMID- 7032924 TI - Trials of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. The experience of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. PMID- 7032925 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy with chlorambucil and 5-fluorouracil in primary breast cancer (Cooperative Study Heidelberg). PMID- 7032926 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy with four drugs for stage 2 breast cancer. PMID- 7032927 TI - Adjuvant intermittent chemo-immunotherapy of breast cancer. A prospective study. PMID- 7032928 TI - Divergent effect of adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy on recurrence rates in node negative and node-positive breast cancer patients. PMID- 7032929 TI - Surgical adjuvant trials in the United States. PMID- 7032930 TI - Ovarian irradiation and prednisone following surgery and radiotherapy for carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 7032931 TI - Adjuvant endocrine therapy of primary operable breast cancer. Report on the Copenhagen breast cancer trials. PMID- 7032932 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy, anti-estrogen therapy and immunotherapy for stage II breast cancer. PMID- 7032933 TI - Biological markers as prognostic and clinical evaluation tools. PMID- 7032934 TI - A comparison of subjective responses in a trial comparing endocrine with cytotoxic treatment in advanced carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 7032935 TI - Selection of local therapy for primary breast cancer by lower axillary node histology. PMID- 7032936 TI - A reappraisal of radiotherapy in the treatment of operable breast cancer. The new light on the internal mammary chain role. PMID- 7032937 TI - Conservative treatment of minimal breast cancer. PMID- 7032938 TI - Chemotherapy before mastectomy may be a more effective therapeutic sequence than its reverse in primary operable breast cancer. PMID- 7032939 TI - Vindesine as a single agent and in combination with adriamycin in the treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma. PMID- 7032940 TI - Hydroxy-9-methyl-2-Ellipticinium (NSC 264-137) in 52 cases of osseous metastases from breast cancer. PMID- 7032941 TI - Trioxifene mesylate (LY 133314): a new antiestrogen which inhibits growth hormone secretion in the rat. PMID- 7032942 TI - The possibility of accurate prediction of recurrence rates after mastectomy. PMID- 7032944 TI - On the analysis of response rates in studies of advanced disease. PMID- 7032943 TI - The usefulness of steroid hormone receptors in the management of primary and advanced breast cancer. PMID- 7032945 TI - The tamoxifen trial - a double-blind comparison with stilboestrol in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. PMID- 7032946 TI - The response to the angiotensin antagonist saralasin in predicting therapeutic outcome in hypertension treated with frusemide. PMID- 7032947 TI - Cardioselectivity of atenolol in asthmatic patients. AB - This double-blind, randomised, within patient, placebo-controlled study set out to investigate the effect of a cardioselective beta-blocker, atenolol, at different oral doses (50, 100 and 200 mg) and a non-selective agent, propranolol (40 mg), upon 1. airways resistance (forced expiratory volume at one second = FEV1) and 2. the bronchodilator action of increasing doses of inhaled isoprenaline, in patients with co-existent hypertension and reversible airways obstruction. In 10 patients, two hours after drug administration, the 3 doses of atenolol caused a significantly greater (P less than 0.05) degree of B1-blockade than propranolol. In contrast the 3 doses of atenolol caused significantly less (P less than 0.05 to 0.01) B2-blockade as evidenced by a smaller fall in FEV1. The isoprenaline FEV1 dose response curves were displaced progressively to the right of the placebo curve with increasing doses of atenolol, but the greatest displacement was with propranolol. It was concluded that patients with reversible airways obstruction who require beta-blockade should be given a low dose of a cardioselective agent in conjunction with, if required, a beta 2 stimulant such as isoprenaline. Such a treatment will be less likely to cause a troublesome increase in airways resistance and the bronchodilator action of the beta 2 stimulant will be almost fully preserved. PMID- 7032948 TI - Comparison of the combination of cholestyramine/alginates with placebo in the treatment of postgastrectomy biliary reflux gastritis. AB - Postgastrectomy biliary reflux gastritis is quite common. Several drugs have been used in its treatment, including the bile acid-binding resin cholestyramine, which seemed ineffective, possibly because of its rapid disappearance from the gastric remnant. It was suggested that by using alginates, which form a raft floating on the gastric contents, cholestyramine would be retained in the stomach for a longer period. 32 patients received either placebo or cholestyramine/alginates/bicarbonate (CAB). Gastroscopy with biopsies, laboratory studies and physical examination were performed before and after the trial. A two week intervals patients were interviewed about the effect on symptoms. A detailed Y-ray study was made of 5 patients, in which a series of pictures was taken after ingestion either of placebo or CAB together with a novel contrast medium. There was no statistical difference between treatment groups with respect to symptoms, gastroscopy or histological findings, nor did the X-ray study show any difference in retention time between placebo and CAB. PMID- 7032949 TI - Pharmacokinetics of prednisolone and endogenous hydrocortisone levels in cushingoid and non-cushingoid patients. PMID- 7032950 TI - Intracerebroventricular infusion of N-acetyl-pepstatin attenuates the development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 7032951 TI - Formation and elimination of prostacyclin metabolites in the cat in vivo as determined by radioimmunoassay of unextracted plasma. AB - Using newly develop radioimmunoassay for 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and 6,15 diketo-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin F1 alpha, the plasma concentrations of these two prostacyclin derivatives were measured in anaesthetized cats. After the administration of angiotensin II, which releases prostacyclin into the circulation, concentrations of both derivatives rose simultaneously, the major immunoreactivity being 6,15-diketo-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin F1 alpha. Angiotensin II-induced prostacyclin release was not caused by vasoconstriction alone, since comparable vasopressor responses to noradrenaline and vasopressin were not accompanied by increases in prostacyclin plasma levels. Injection of exogenous prostacyclin resulted in a shortlasting peak of 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1 alpha, which rapidly declined (t 1/2: 1.29-1.52 min). 6,15-diketo-13,14-dihydro prostaglandin F1 alpha appeared with an t 1/2 of 0.48-1.38 min and was eliminated with a t 1/2 of 8.0-9.0 min. Due to its longer half-life in the circulation 6,15 diketo-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin F 1 alpha again was the predominant derivative after 3 min. These data suggest that in vivo prostacyclin is mainly inactivated by the 15-hydroxy-PG-dehydrogenase-, delta 13-reductase-pathway, rather than by hydrolysis. Therefore, 6,15-diketo-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin F1 alpha seems to be a better indicator of prostacyclin plasma levels than 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, although under certain conditions the additional determinations of this product of hydrolysis can be valuable. PMID- 7032952 TI - Propranolol and sotalol augment the coronary vasodilatory action of prostacyclin (PGI2) in rabbit isolated hearts. PMID- 7032953 TI - Immunogenetics and experimental animals. PMID- 7032954 TI - [Animal models for a deficiency of myelin formation of the central nervous system]. PMID- 7032955 TI - [Suncus (Suncus murinus) and cancer research]. PMID- 7032956 TI - Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens and Yersinia enterocolitica in colonies of laboratory mice, rats and rabbits: an attempt of isolation. AB - An attempt to isolate Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens and Yersinia enterocolitica was made in a total of 931 laboratory animals (mice, rats and rabbits) from five representative commercial breeders in this country and from our laboratory colonies. E. cloacae organisms were isolated from feces and other specimens of 15 mice and 17 rats between November 1979 and July 1980. Neither S. marcescens nor Y. enterocolitica was detectable in any specimen of feces, fur and skin, nasal discharge, lungs, urinary bladder or urine from the animals examined. PMID- 7032957 TI - Posterior polymorphous dystrophy of the cornea: cell culture studies. PMID- 7032958 TI - The effect of osmotic stress on the function of the human granulocyte. AB - Clinical investigations have shown that the transfusion of human granulocytes can protect the neutropenic patient against acute bacterial infection. The increasing utilization of granulocyte therapy plus an inability to store these cells in liquid media have created a requirement for a cryopreservation technique. However, the cryopreservation of human granulocytes has proven quite difficult to achieve. It is likely that one of the contributing factors is the lability of these cells under osmotic stress. The purpose of this paper was to precisely define the osmotic tolerance limits of the human granulocyte and thereby provide guidelines for the laboratory manipulation of this cell. To accomplish this, cells were exposed to hypertonic or hypotonic media and then tested for viability under isotonic conditions. Function tests included phagocytosis of particles, bacterial killing, migration in the Boyden chamber, and migration under agarose. The experiments revealed that granulocytes will tolerate a narrow range of osmolalities extending from 200 mOsm to 600-700 mOsm. The osmotic damage occurs in less than 30 seconds and appears to be irreversible. The hypertonic limit of the cell cannot be extended by reducing the temperature to 0 degrees C during the osmotic challenge. PMID- 7032959 TI - Graft-vs-leukemia and moderation of graft-vs-host reaction in transplantation therapy of viral leukemia. AB - In transplantation studies of Rauscher leukemic SJL/J mice longer median survival times (MST) were obtained with spleen cells from syngeneic donors than with marrow. These could be further extended by immunization of the donors to Rauscher virus (RLV) and Rauscher leukemia cells. This suggests that spleen cells exert a greater graft-vs-leukemia effect than marrow. Nevertheless, with syngeneic cells all recipients eventually died of leukemia relapse. In contrast, the use of RLV resistant C57BL/10J allogeneic marrow cells resulted in a substantial number of long-term survivors and a low incidence of GvH disease, while the use of pure allogeneic spleen cells resulted in early and fatal GvH response in all recipients. To determine if allogeneic spleen cells might have any demonstrably beneficial effect on survival of leukemic mice various small quantities of C57BL/10J spleen cells were mixed with marrow from the same donors and engrafted into normal and leukemic SJL/J recipients. Among the normal mice MST decreased as a function of spleen cell concentration. However, with the leukemics the use of 2.5 or 5% spleen cells resulted in later deaths than that found when leukemic mice were given only marrow. Also, for all allogeneic spleen/marrow mixtures tested, survival of leukemic recipients exceeded that of normal recipients given the same cell mixtures. These data suggest a possible beneficial effect of small amounts of allogeneic spleen cells in transplantation therapy for leukemia, and a possible competitive interaction of anti-host and anti-leukemic activities of the transplanted cells leading to a moderation of the GvH response. PMID- 7032960 TI - Parallelism between the effect of cortisone acetate on hybrid resistance and natural killing. AB - We have studied the effect of cortisone acetate (CA) on two important biological functions: (1) on NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity of B6D2F1 mice to T cell lymphoma, YAC-1 and (2) on hybrid resistance of mice to parental B6 bone marrow grafts. Results of our experiments have shown that 5 mg of CA administered i.p. was effective in significantly decreasing NK cell cytotoxic potential. The effect of CA was prompt, since a significant decrease in NK cell cytotoxicity was observed already 3 h after CA administration. This effect was, however, rather short-lasting since the NK cell cytotoxicity of CA-treated mice was comparable to that of control mice 120 h after treatment. As to the mechanism of NK cell decrease, it appears that CA affected NK cell cytotoxicity directly, since the attempts to identify suppressor cells in CA-treated mice failed. Because NK cells and bone marrow effector (BME) cells were shown to bear close resemblance, we have investigated also whether a decrease in NK cell cytotoxicity would be reflected by a decline in BME cells rejection potential. Indeed, when resistant B6D2F1 hybrid mice were pretreated with 5 mg of CA, 48 h before transplantation of 10(6) B6 parental bone marrow cells, the growth of B6 marrow cells was detected 7 or 8 days later in the spleens of B6D2F1 hybrid mice. These experiments indicated that bone marrow rejection potential was also weakened by CA treatment, and moreover, demonstrated further correlation between BME cells and NK cells. PMID- 7032961 TI - Plasmodium falciparum: synthesis of glycoprotein by cultured erythrocytic stages. PMID- 7032962 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: effect of insulin and a low-molecular-weight fraction of serum on schistosomula in chemically defined media. PMID- 7032963 TI - Leishmania donovani, Plasmodium berghei, Trypanosoma rhodesiense: antiprotozoal effects of some amidine types. PMID- 7032964 TI - The parent's Nazi past and the dialogue between the generations. PMID- 7032965 TI - Use of an intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic substrate for study of a thiol dependent acidic dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase in cellular extracts and in living cells. PMID- 7032966 TI - The proteins of donor tRNA-binding site of Escherichia coli ribosomes. PMID- 7032967 TI - Affinity labelling of yeast hexokinase with benzylamide derivatives of adenosine mono- and triphosphates bearing an alkylating group. PMID- 7032968 TI - Domain structure of bacteriophage fd adsorption protein. PMID- 7032969 TI - Effect of insulin on glucose transport and metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of hypophysectomized rats. PMID- 7032970 TI - Dissociation of proteins from Escherichia coli ribosomes after dimethylmaleic anhydride treatment. Effects of elongation factor G and antibiotics. PMID- 7032971 TI - Lysosomal origin of chicken erythrocyte nuclear protease. PMID- 7032972 TI - The influence of leupeptin, molybdate and calcium ions on estrogen receptor stability. PMID- 7032973 TI - Direct stimulation by glucose and insulin of glycogen synthesis in perfused rat liver. PMID- 7032974 TI - On the interaction between jatrophone and DNA. PMID- 7032975 TI - [N. I. Pirogov and military medicine]. PMID- 7032977 TI - [M. Ia. Mudrov in the control of the cholera epidemic in Russia (1830-1831)]. PMID- 7032976 TI - [N. I. Pirogov and the medical work of women]. PMID- 7032978 TI - [N. I. Pirogov: the greatest surgeon of the 19th century]. PMID- 7032979 TI - [N. I. Pirogov Museum-Residence (on the centenary of the death of N. I. Pirogov)]. PMID- 7032980 TI - [N. I. Pirogov memorial medals (on the centenary of his death)]. PMID- 7032981 TI - [Effect of glucose and lactic acid on the insulin-depositing function of erythrocytes]. PMID- 7032982 TI - [Prosthetic indications in root canal therapy]. PMID- 7032983 TI - [Review: orbito-caudate level of conditioned reflex organization]. PMID- 7032984 TI - [The effects of dexamethasone and captopril on plasma aldosterone response to exogenous angiotensin II in normal men (author's transl)]. AB - The response of plasma aldosterone to exogenous angiotensin II was evaluated in five normal volunteers on three occasions, once without endogenous ACTH or angiotensin II suppression (control), once with ACTH suppression (dexamethasone) and once with ACTH and angiotensin II suppression (dexamethasone and captopril). Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) fell from a control of 6.8 +/- 1.6 (mean +/- SEM) to 4.4 +/- 0.4 ng/dl with dexamethasone (p less than 0.05) and to 1.8 +/ 0.2 ng/dl with dexamethasone and captopril (p less than 0.001). PAC increased dose-dependently upon infusion rates of angiotensin II (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 2.5 and 5.0 ng/kg/min) on each occasion, but aldosterone responsiveness to infused angiotensin II (change and percentage from base line levels) was not altered by the suppression of endogenous ACTH secretion with dexamethasone with each incremental infusion of the octapeptide. However, change in PAC caused by angiotensin II in the suppression of ACTH and angiotensin II was greater than that in the control at an infusion rate of 0.2 ng/kg/min (p less than 0.05), 1.2 ng/kg/min (p less than 0.05) and 2.5 ng/kg/min (p less than 0.01), and it was also greater than that in the suppression of ACTH at an infusion rate of 0.2 ng/kg/min (p less than 0.05) and 2.5 ng/kg/min (p less than 0.01). These results demonstrate that in normal men, base line aldosterone levels are controlled not only by the renin-angiotensin system, but also, in part, by ACTH. The aldosterone response to angiotensin II, however, does not depend upon endogenous ACTH secretion, an action of angiotensin II on the pituitary to release ACTH. Simultaneous administration of dexamethasone and captopril may be a useful tool to assess the sensitivity of aldosterone production in the adrenal glomerulosa with exogenous angiotensin II since endogenous ACTH and angiotensin II can be suppressed by these medications. PMID- 7032985 TI - Dr. Alfred Rives Shands, Jr., 1899-1981. PMID- 7032986 TI - [Marginal closure in restorations using composites]. PMID- 7032987 TI - [Fixed prosthetics. 8. Nickel-chromium in dentistry: current data]. PMID- 7032988 TI - [Dentistry of the past. Bloodletting and toothache in the 17th and 18th century]. PMID- 7032989 TI - [Endosseous implants of ceramic on an aluminum oxide base]. PMID- 7032990 TI - [Fixed prosthetics. 9. Mounting on the articulator]. PMID- 7032991 TI - [Dentistry of the past. Odontogenic tumors]. PMID- 7032992 TI - [Dentistry of the past. Tumors of the tongue]. PMID- 7032993 TI - [Fixed prosthetics. 10. Problems of parallelism]. PMID- 7032995 TI - [Tumors of the salivary glands]. PMID- 7032994 TI - [Fixed prosthetics. 11. The framework or the intermediate portion of the pontic]. PMID- 7032996 TI - [Toothache]. PMID- 7032997 TI - [Endosseous self-threading screws: biomechanical principles, surgical technic and clinical results]. PMID- 7032998 TI - [Preformed metallic crowns in pedodontics]. PMID- 7032999 TI - [Fixed prosthetics. 12. Prevention of tissue injury]. PMID- 7033000 TI - [In memory of Enrico Lentulo]. PMID- 7033001 TI - [Vertical dimension in complete dentures]. PMID- 7033002 TI - [Institution and evolution of teaching of dentistry and the birth of the modern dentist]. PMID- 7033003 TI - [Fixed prosthetics. 13. Esthetics]. PMID- 7033004 TI - [Dentistry of the past. The bells of Loreto (Johann Peter Frank)]. PMID- 7033005 TI - University of Southern California School of Dentistry. PMID- 7033006 TI - Invertebrate lectins: II. Diversity of specificity, biological synthesis and function in recognition. PMID- 7033008 TI - Clinical trial with porcine des-Phe B1 insulin. A comparative study with unmodified insulin on therapeutical efficacy, biological activity and immunogenicity. AB - Studies have been carried out in insulin-dependent diabetics of porcine Des-pheB1 insulin, which is an insulin analogue obtained by removal of the N-terminal aminoacid of the B chain. The therapeutic activity of Des-phe insulin (regular and semilinte preparations) was tested in a group of 24 insulin-dependent diabetics and compared with the unmodified parent compound. Both types of insulin, Des-phe and unmodified were chromatographically purified preparations. The mean daily blood glucose profile obtained with Des-phe insulin was slightly higher than that of unmodified preparations, while the mean blood glucose and the "M" index of Schlichtkrull were similar. The biological activity of regular Des phe and its unmodified parent compound was evaluated in 6 further insulin dependent diabetics, with the aid of an artificial endocrine pancreas. The insulin requirement to achieve an optimal metabolic control was 10% less with Des phe insulin than with the unmodified preparation. The immunogenicity of Des-phe and unmodified insulins, tested by measuring plasma insulin antibody titres in diabetic patients either newly or already insulin treated, was comparable. However the binding capacity of 125I-Des-phe insulin to preexisting antibodies seemed to be less than that of unmodified 125I-insulin in patients previously treated with unmodified insulin. Finally Des-phe appeared able to correct promptly and completely the insulin-induced lipodystrophy of three insulin dependent diabetics. PMID- 7033007 TI - Rapid identification of diabetic patients with essential hypertension sensitive to acebutolol. AB - The antihypertensive effect of 2,000 mg of acebutolol investigated with an acute 48 hr test in 60 diabetic and 60 non-diabetic in-patients with essential hypertension. In hypertensive diabetic patients, acebutolol was induced a significant fall in blood pressure similar to that observed in non-diabetics. The acute antihypertensive effect of acebutolol was not uniform in hypertensive subjects: a significant decrease of blood pressure was observed in 34 diabetics and 31 non-diabetic patients. Fifteen out of the 34 diabetic responders to the 48 hr test were treated by acebutolol alone for six months; a highly significant correlation between the acute and the chronic antihypertensive effect of the beta blocker was observed. As long-term results paralleled those of the short-term experiment, acute acebutolol administration appears to be a rapid means to select hypertensive diabetics sensitive or resistant to betablockers. Plasma renin activity was not found to give, in hypertensive diabetics, a reliable predictive index of the response to acute administration of acebutolol. PMID- 7033009 TI - Development of diabetic microangiopathy and diabetic control. A study in non insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - The relationship between the development of microangiopathy and the degree of diabetic control was investigated in 61 noninsulin-dependent diabetics after 5-10 years of known duration of diabetes. The degree of diabetic control was assessed by fasting blood glucose (FBG) at the last assessment, haemoglobin A1 (HbA1) and by the mean of all the fasting blood glucose values throughout the follow up (MWFBG). The 29 patients who developed microangiopathy had higher FBG at last assessment (10.1 +/- 0.6 vs 8.2 +/- 0.5 mmol/l, p less than 0.02), HbA1 (13.4 +/- 0.8 vs 11.0 +/- 0.6%, p less than 0.02) and MWFBG (8.0 +/- 0.4 vs 7.5 +/- 0.4 mmol/l, p less than 0.05) than those without microangiopathy. The FBG values at each year of the follow-up were higher in the microangiopathy group. HbA1 determined in 1979 correlated with the mean FBG values of each one of the years 1975-1978 (r = 0.575, r = 0.646, r = 0.657, r = 0.631, p less than 0.001, respectively). These data support the hypothesis that in noninsulin-dependent diabetics the development of microangiopathy is related to the degree of diabetic control. PMID- 7033010 TI - [Insulin receptors in circulating blood cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033011 TI - Giles of Rome. PMID- 7033012 TI - Assessment of pharmacodynamics of a new "controlled release" form of diazepam (Valium CR Roche) by quantitative EEG and psychometric analysis in neurotic subjects. PMID- 7033013 TI - Sulphadiazine/trimethoprim once daily in maxillary sinusitis: a randomized double blind comparison with sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim B.I.D. AB - In a randomized double-blind study fifty-four patients suffering from acute maxillary sinusitis were treated for 10 days with daily doses of sulphadiazine/trimethoprim (1 g) and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (1.92 g), respectively. The efficacy was evaluated clinically at two follow-up visits. X ray investigations were performed at admission and after the therapy. Of thirty nine patients finally evaluated, thirty-seven showed a favourable result. After 6 8 days of therapy there was significant difference in cure rates in favour of sulphadiazine/trimethoprim (p less than 0.05) while the outcome as evaluated after treatment was similar for both drugs. PMID- 7033015 TI - A double-blind comparison of flurbiprofen and indomethacin suppositories in the treatment of osteoarthrosis and rheumatoid disease. AB - Forty patients with osteoarthrosis or rheumatoid arthritis were entered in a 4 week double-blind trial to compare the efficacy, safety and tolerance of a flurbiprofen 100 mg suppository formulation with indomethacin 100 mg suppositories. There were twenty patients each on indomethacin and flurbiprofen. Statistically significant improvements were reported for both treatments during the study with respect to morning stiffness, night pain and the overall progress of the patients. Both treatments were equally effective with respect to the amount of improvement shown for the parameters. No improvement was noted on either treatment with respect to grip-strength, functional capacity or the daily intake of analgesic therapy, while a marginally significant decrease in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was noted on indomethacin. Both treatments were well tolerated with only a few transient and mild side-effects being reported. On the basis of this trial, flurbiprofen and indomethacin suppositories have equal therapeutic effects in the treatment of night pain and morning stiffness. PMID- 7033014 TI - The treatment of hypertension in older patients: a double-blind, between-patient study, in previously treated patients comparing a diuretic, a beta-receptor antagonist, and their fixed combination. AB - Six hundred and forty-eight previously treated hypertensive patients, with a mean age of 64 years, were studied. In spite of treatment over a mean period of 18 months, their blood pressure was inadequately controlled, with an initial mean level of 180/108 mm Hg. Previous treatment which had consisted of either a diuretic alone, a beta-receptor antagonist alone or these two drugs in combination was discontinued and patients were randomly allocated, in double blind manner, to a 6-week treatment course of cyclopenthiazide (Navidrex) or sustained release oxprenolol (Slow-Trasicor) or a fixed combination of these two compounds (Trasidrex) with the aim of lowering the diastolic pressure to less than 100 mm Hg. Blood pressure was substantially reduced in each treatment group, with the lowest final pressures in the group treated with the fixed combination, where 87% of the patients completing the study reached the target level of a diastolic pressure of less than 100 mm Hg. Very few side-effects of treatment were reported with any of these compounds. The results from this study suggest that these compounds in their standard dosage range are useful and safe antihypertensive agents in older patients. In those patients where blood pressure control with a single agent was proving difficult, the transfer to one or two tablets daily of the fixed combination (Trasidrex) produced a very satisfactory outcome in the large majority of cases. PMID- 7033016 TI - Benzbromarone therapy in hyperuricaemia; comparison with allopurinol and probenecid. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the serum uric acid lowering effect of benzbromarone (Minuric), allopurinol, probenecid and placebo in patients suffering from confirmed hyperuricaemia. This was a multiple dose, placebo controlled, crossover study in six hyperuricaemic patients to compare the effects on uric acid of three different active treatments: benzbromarone 100 mg daily, probenecid 1000 mg daily and allopurinol 300 mg daily. Each patient was assessed clinically and biochemically before and after the study and blood samples for serum uric acid determinations were taken thirteen times during the study period. For the six trialists it was found that benzbromarone is superior to both probenecid and allopurinol in the lowering of serum uric acid, and that probenecid is also superior to allopurinol. PMID- 7033018 TI - Postcoital tests. PMID- 7033019 TI - Protein synthesis during maturation promoting factor- and progesterone-induced maturation in Xenopus oocytes. PMID- 7033020 TI - The mechanism for increased protein synthesis during Xenopus oocyte maturation. PMID- 7033017 TI - Mid-cycle contraception with LHRH in women. PMID- 7033021 TI - The temporal regulation of protein synthesis during synchronous bud or mycelium formation in the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans. PMID- 7033022 TI - Hatching in the pike Esox lucius L.: evidence for a single hatching enzyme and its immunocytochemical localization in specialized hatching gland cells. PMID- 7033023 TI - Analysis of glial cell differentiation in peripheral nervous tissue. I. S100 Accumulation in quail embryo spinal ganglion cultures. PMID- 7033024 TI - Analysis of glial cell differentiation in peripheral nervous tissue. II. Neurons promote S 100 synthesis by purified glial precursor cell populations. PMID- 7033025 TI - A 28K-dalton cell surface autoantigen of spermatogenesis: characterization using a monoclonal antibody. PMID- 7033026 TI - [Calcitonin and insulin formation]. PMID- 7033027 TI - [Antithrombin III: critical review of the methods used for its monitoring in thrombophilic states]. PMID- 7033028 TI - [Immunodeficiency and lymphomas]. PMID- 7033029 TI - [The Reynolds syndrome. Clinical case and review of the literature. Analogy with graft-versus-host disease]. PMID- 7033030 TI - [The diagnostic value of QRS and ST changes during exercise. A study in normal subjects and coronary patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033031 TI - [Myocardial revascularization. Central problem of cardiosurgery in the 1980's]. PMID- 7033032 TI - Combined treatment of syngeneic murine tumors and xenotransplanted human lung cancer by immunotherapy and radiotherapy. AB - The synergistic effect of nonspecific immunotherapy with cell-wall skeleton of BCG on radiotherapy against two syngeneic murine tumors, a methylcholanthrene induced tumor (MCA) and a spontaneous well-differentiated mammary adenocarcinoma (Br-1), was studied in (+/+) balb/c mice and (nu/nu) mice of BALB/c background. Single irradiation of tumors with a dose of 2000 rad induced complete shrinkage in about 18% of MCA and Br-1 tumors in (+/+) mice. Single irradiation did not induce complete shrinkage of tumors in (nu/nu) mice. When immunotherapy was combined with radiotherapy, the rates of complete shrinkage of MCA and Br-1 tumors increased to 82 and 61%, respectively. In contrast, such a strong synergistic effect was not observed in (nu/nu) mice. Moreover, human lung cancers (two squamous cell carcinomas and two small cell carcinomas) xenotransplanted to nude mice were treated with the combined therapy. The effect was stronger on squamous cell carcinomas than on small cell carcinomas. PMID- 7033033 TI - Protease resistance of transformed cells in culture: production of growth promoting factor(s) by protease-resistant cells. AB - The protease-resistant character of malignantly transformed cells was studied. Surface labeling experiments revealed that the cell surface of transformed cells treated with, or grown in the presence of a neutral protease (Dispase) was drastically altered by proteolytic digestion, and showed that transformed cells could be stripped of many of their cell surface components without losing cell viability and growth ability. The protease-resistant character depended upon the degree of cell-crowding and was not expressed unless transformed cells were seeded at a high cell density, suggesting that some conditioning factor(s) contributes to its expression. The protease-resistant cells (K-N7-8) could proliferate in serum-free, chemically defined medium and secreted growth promoting factor(s) that allowed serum-free propagation of 3T3 cells (protease sensitive cells). The test for protease resistance was presumed to discriminate between growth factor-secreting and non-secreting transformed cells. The ability of transformed cells to produce the growth factors that they need for continuous multiplication may be one of the mechanisms by which malignant cells escape from host growth control and become able to grow autonomously. PMID- 7033034 TI - [Changes in plasma glucagon, insulin, C-peptide and amino acids during the intravenous induced hyperammonemia test in the cirrhotic]. PMID- 7033035 TI - Core antigen-specific immunoglobulin G bound to the liver cell membrane in chronic hepatitis B. AB - The antibody specificity of immunoglobulin G bound to the liver cell membrane during hepatitis B virus infection and chronic liver disease has been studied in 8 patients after antibody elution with high molar urea. Eluted immunoglobulin G showed antibody specificity for hepatitis B core antigen by radioimmunoassay and by indirect immunofluorescence on positive liver tissue. On the contrary, no reaction could be detected against other viral antigens (i.e., hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen) or against liver-specific proteins. Furthermore, in 5 selected cases, after urea removal of cytophilic antibody, hepatitis B core antigen could be demonstrated by direct immunofluorescence in a granular pattern on the liver cell surface, thus suggesting a masking effect of immunoglobulin G on membranous hepatitis B core antigen in patients with persistent virus replication in the liver. PMID- 7033036 TI - Mesenteric venous thrombosis. PMID- 7033037 TI - [Gynaecological problems in women patients on dialysis treatment and in women following renal transplants (author's transl)]. AB - Women patients on permanent dialysis treatment or after transplants display on the whole an increased rate of malignomas; however, it has so far not been possible to assess the relevant incidence in a uniform manner. Hence, regular gynaecological examination should be the rule in order to detect and treat carcinoma risk changes in the genital region. Within the framework of a special gynaecological consultation for renal patients we found in 81 women patients under dialysis treatment one patient with carcinoma of the cervix and one patient with corpus carcinoma. In two cases a cystic ovarial tumour was operated on. To date the 21 patients who had undergone renal transplant surgery did not show any malignant change in the genital region. Choice of contraceptives should rule out the intrauterine device because of the increased hazard of infection under immunosuppressive treatment. Ovulation inhibitors with higher oestrogen doses represent an additional hypertensive risk. Treatment with low-dosage gestagens should produce the lowest rate of side effects. PMID- 7033038 TI - [Intrauterine foetal death of the one twin after polyhydramnios and spontaneous birth of the second surviving twin after a longer lapse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033039 TI - On becoming a doctor: a personal reminiscence. PMID- 7033040 TI - Current issues in general hospital psychiatry. Introduction: The evolution of psychiatry in the general hospital. PMID- 7033041 TI - [Plasmid pKM101 sensitization of Escherichia coli strains to the action of ionizing radiation: the effect of the plasmid on survivability and induced mutagenesis]. AB - The wild type Escherichia coli K-12 has been shown to be sensitized to inactivation by gamma-irradiation by the plasmid pKM101. The dnaA strains of E. coli are more sensitive to gamma-rays killing effect, as compared with the wild type E. coli, pKM101 plasmid showing only slight sensitizing effect. "Cis" or "trans" position of the plasmid in relation to the chromosome plays no role in sensitization, while the plasmid effect on UV-induced killing and mutability depends on "trans" position of the plasmid before irradiation. gamma-Rays induced mutability to prototrophy is completely dependent on the presence of pKM101 in "trans" in wild type and dnaA strains before irradiation. PMID- 7033042 TI - [Repair and mutagenesis in Escherichia coli cells on induction in the DNA of monoadducts and cross-links by light-activated 8-methoxypsoralen. Dependence on the uvrA and polA genes]. AB - Relative efficiency of (psoralen + near UV)-induced monoadducts and inter-strand cross-links of Escherichia coli cells has been studied, as well as the role of uvrA and polA genes in these processes. Inter-strand cross-links have been shown to be more effective, as compared with monoadducts both in cell inactivation and in mutagenesis. At least 3 ways for repair of DNA carrying monoadducts have been found, and only 2 for DNA carrying inter-strand cross-links, each of these being controlled by genes uvrA and polA in different modes. PMID- 7033043 TI - [Conjugation transfer of chromosome markers in an Erwinia chrysanthemi bacterial system. I. Construction of a strain capable of transferring the chromosome during conjugation]. AB - The donor strain Erwinia chrysanthemi VY1-10, capable of transferring chromosomal markers at a high frequency (4,7.10(-5)-1,8.10(-3) in crosses with the isogenic polyauxotrophic recipient strain E. chrysanthemi VY7 lac, thr1, leu1, pro1, his2, str-r, was obtained from the strain E. chrysanthemi ENA49 Flac+ (VY1) after growth at 28 degrees on the medium containing acridine orange. Furthermore, the cells of the donor obtained are characterized by stable inheritance of lac+ character. PMID- 7033044 TI - [New developments in cancer cytogenetics]. AB - Three topics are discussed in the review: 1) The non-random and specific chromosome changes in human and animal tumors, 2) prezygotic chromosomal mutations which specifically predispose to some human tumors, and 3) the role of cytogenetics in the discovery and study of a novel phenomenon for mammalian cells gene amplification which was revealed in a number of tumors and in cell lines resistant to some anticancer drugs. PMID- 7033045 TI - [Cloning and the expression of the DNA promotor fragments of Bacillus thuringiensis in Escherichia coli cells]. AB - The promoter-containing fragments of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleria 69-6 DNA have been cloned on the pGA24 vector in Escherichia coli cells. The recombinant plasmids make cells resistant to tetracycline in a wide range. The level of tetracycline-resistance does not depend on the length of a foreign insertion. New polypeptides are synthesized on the template of the recombinant plasmids in vitro. The data point out the presence in Bac. thuringiensis DNA of many genes which are able to express in E. coli cells. PMID- 7033046 TI - [Method of isolating auxotrophic aspergillus recombinants by using the polyene antibiotic amphotericin B]. PMID- 7033047 TI - Can aspirin prevent recurrence of heart attacks and strokes? PMID- 7033048 TI - Medicare and Medicaid: cuts and concerns. PMID- 7033049 TI - [Sergei Nikolaevich Stroganov (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 7033050 TI - [Results of research on the problem of child and adolescent hygiene during 1980]. PMID- 7033051 TI - [Physicochemical research methods in hygiene]. PMID- 7033052 TI - [Pathogenesis of the lesions due to exposure to beryllium and its compounds]. PMID- 7033053 TI - [Method of predicting the course of the pathological process and of establishing the priority of therapeutic measures in organophosphate insecticide poisonings]. PMID- 7033054 TI - [Current possibilities of the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy]. PMID- 7033055 TI - Intestinal uptake of macromolecules. Differences in distribution and degradation of protein antigen in control and immunised rats. AB - The present study examined intraluminal events in the in vivo processing of a protein antigen by the intestine of normal and orally immunised rats. One hour after the administration of 125I-bovine serum albumin (125I-BSA) and unlabelled BSA by gavage, the majority of the radioactivity was found in the distal small intestine of control and immunised rats but there was a difference in the distribution of radioactivity. In contrast with controls, immunised rats retained a lesser percentage of radioactivity in the proximal small intestine and a greater percentage of radioactivity in the distal small intestine. Radioactive substances present in intestinal rinse fluids and mucosal extracts were characterised by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE), density gradient ultracentrifugation, and by immunochemical methods. Rinse fluids and mucosal extracts from immunised rats fed 125I-BSA by gavage contained high molecular weight components with characteristics of antigen-antibody complexes. Rinse fluids and extracts of normal rats contained more intact BSA and less fragments of BSA than did rinse fluids and extracts from immunised animals. These findings suggest that oral immunisation alters the distribution of antigen administered into the gut and that immunisation enhances the intraluminal degradation of antigen. PMID- 7033056 TI - Clinical trial value of trimipramine versus placebo in duodenal ulcer healing. AB - Thirty-two patients with duodenal ulceration took trimipramine 50 mg or placebo. Fifteen patients on each treatment completed the study. Endoscopy at four weeks showed ulcer healing in seven (46%) patients on trimipramine, compared with only two (15%) on placebo (P less than 0.05). However, by eight weeks there were eight (53%) patients in both groups with healed ulcers. There were no significant differences between the two groups in ulcer symptoms. Drowsiness was reported by eight patients on trimipramine compared with only one on placebo. Trimipramine 50 mg appears to increase the rate of ulcer healing in the short term. Side-effects at the dose used may limit its long-term usefulness. PMID- 7033057 TI - Immunohistochemical analysis of HLA (A, B, C) antigens in liver disease using a monoclonal antibody. AB - The distribution of HLA class I antigens was studied in 42 liver biopsies and eight necropsies by an immunoperoxidase technique employing a monoclonal antibody which reacts with the heavy chains of class I (A, B, C) HLA antigens. In normal liver HLA class I antigens could not be detected on hepatocyte cell membranes or cytoplasm; these antigens were present on the cell membrane of bile duct epithelium, on sinusoidal lining cells, fibroblasts, and blood vessel endothelium. However, in all patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis, most cases of primary biliary cirrhosis and some cases of chronic active hepatitis HLA class I antigens were detectable focally or diffusely on the cell membrane of hepatocytes; in two cases of acute viral hepatitis (non-A, non-B) HLA class I antigens were present in granular form in the cytoplasm of all hepatocytes. These findings may be relevant to the prolonged survival of liver allografts in man and other species and in the pathogenesis of some liver diseases. PMID- 7033058 TI - On the biology and immunology of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7033059 TI - The concept of GvHD-suppression by in vitro treatment with antisera. PMID- 7033060 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of leukemia. PMID- 7033062 TI - The implications of nonrandom chromosome changes for malignant transformation. PMID- 7033061 TI - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in first remission. PMID- 7033063 TI - Surface characteristics of the U-937 human histiocytic lymphoma cell line: specific changes during inducible morphologic and functional differentiation in vitro. PMID- 7033064 TI - Assessment of human pluripotent hemopoietic progenitors and leukemic blast forming cells in culture. PMID- 7033065 TI - Proliferation and maturation of hemopoietic cells in adult patients with different forms of acute leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia in agar and liquid cultures. PMID- 7033066 TI - Cytological and cytochemical analysis of plasma clot cultures and peripheral granulocytes related to long term survival in childhood ALL and cancer patients under cytostatica therapy. PMID- 7033068 TI - Long-term culture of normal and leukemic human bone marrow. PMID- 7033067 TI - Chromosome studies in children and adults with leukemia. PMID- 7033069 TI - Surface antigens of pluripotent and committed haemopoietic stem cells. PMID- 7033070 TI - Glycophorin A as an erythroid marker in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. PMID- 7033071 TI - The use of bacteria as markers of leukemic lymphocytes and for the isolation of natural killer cells. AB - Human lymphocyte subpopulations as well as leukemic lymphocytes can be identified and enumerated in blood smears by using bacteria that bind spontaneously to lymphocytes or by using bacteria to which antibodies are chemically coupled. The mechanism of natural binding of bacteria to lymphocytes was shown to involve a lectin on the lymphocyte surface and a carbohydrate on the bacteria. Also, we found that natural killer (NK) cells can be separated by negative selection using monolayers of bacteria. A subpopulation of T cells, identified by their binding of B. globigii, was shown to be suppressors for NK cells. PMID- 7033072 TI - Progress in acute myeologenous leukemia. PMID- 7033073 TI - The long terminal repeat of Moloney sarcoma provirus enhances transformation. PMID- 7033074 TI - Treatment of early acute nonlymphatic leukemia with low dose cytosine arabinoside. PMID- 7033076 TI - [Pregnancy and diabetes]. PMID- 7033075 TI - Intensive therapy and prognostic factors in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood:CCG 141. A report from Childrens Cancer Study Group. PMID- 7033077 TI - [Diabetes and pregnancy]. PMID- 7033078 TI - [Evolution of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia]. PMID- 7033079 TI - [Histology of premalignant changes in the cervix uteri]. PMID- 7033080 TI - [Follow-up of dysplasias]. PMID- 7033081 TI - [Present status of conization in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia]. PMID- 7033082 TI - Dependence of phosphate transport in yeast of glycolytic substrates. AB - Preincubation of baker's yeast (wild strain, respiration-deficient mutant and a low-phosphorus culture) with glucose, trehalose, and other metabolic sugars increases the subsequent uptake of inorganic phosphate 3-5 times. The Kt is reduced by the preincubation from 3.5 to 1.6 mM. The process involves primarily the production of glycolytic energy sources (suppression by iodoacetamide, no effect of antimycin or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, negligible effect of ethanol, or respiratory mutation). The low-phosphorus yeast takes up phosphate anions about 1 20 times faster than the high-phosphorus (normal) culture. The stimulation is also accompanied by some (apparently nonessential) protein synthesis and has a halftime of 35 min; its decay has a t0.5 of 12 min but affects only less than one half of the stimulated capacity. PMID- 7033083 TI - Control of the cell cycle of Candida utilis by external conditions. AB - A mathematical model of the cell cycle of Candida utilis in a continuous culture was formulated with respect to dilution rate. It makes it possible to express the duration of morphological stages in minutes, separately for mother cells and daughter cells. These values were compared with equivalent parameters in batch cultures. Duration of the morphological stage with buds was much longer in batch cultures as compared with the same value determined for a continuous culture according to the mathematical model. When using cultivation apparatus with a higher aeration capacity the (S + G2) phase, i.e. the stage bearing the bud, was reduced also in the batch cultures and approached the values determined for the continuous culture by means of the mathematical model. PMID- 7033084 TI - Bilirubin inhibits the chemotactic activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. PMID- 7033085 TI - Treatment of the diabetic foot with exposed os calcis. AB - With improved methods of medical care, the survival rates in all types of diabetes are improving. There are increasing numbers of older diabetics with complicated soft tissue problems. This is a report of our experiences in treating 15 consecutive patients with soft tissue defects involving the hindfoot. Each of these patients had an intact forefoot. PMID- 7033086 TI - [Anaerobic infection]. PMID- 7033087 TI - A story of true devotion (Mary Breckinridge). PMID- 7033088 TI - [Restoration of immune functions in T-cell depressed spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by injection of neurotropin (author's transl)]. AB - A strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) showed a progressive decline in T-cell functions with aging. In order to restore the depressed immune functions, the effect of immunopotentiators such as Neurotropin, PS-K or thymus extract on immune responses of SHR was studied. The results presented here demonstrated that injection of Neurotropin completely restored the T-cell functions in SHR as detected by a rosette forming test, a plaque forming assay and blastogenesis. Administration of thymus extract also restored the immune functions except helper T-cell activity. However, administration of PS-K increased only numbers of rosetting cells in the thymus of SHR. Biological significance of Neurotropin as immunopotentiators was discussed. PMID- 7033089 TI - Effects of fully synthetic human insulin in comparison to porcine insulin in normal subjects. AB - Fully synthetic human insulin (CGP 12'831) was compared to porcine insulin in identical and non-identical formulation by intravenous insulin tolerance tests in 12 volunteers. The half-lives of the three insulins tested did not differ (t 1/2: 5.5 +/- 0.2 minutes), though acid porcine insulin exhibited lower serum peak values. The hypoglycemic effects of the three insulins were identical. Human insulin produced a significantly smaller decrease in serum potassium (2p less than 0.01). The secretion of serum C-peptide was less inhibited by human insulin (2p less than 0.05). The counter-regulatory hormonal response of cortisol and growth hormone was lower after hypoglycemia induced by human insulin (2p less than 0.05). It is suggested that the hormonal effects of hypoglycemia are modified by human insulin and depend in part on the molecular structure of insulin. PMID- 7033090 TI - Minor hemoglobin components in diabetic and uremic patients. AB - Hemoglobins A1c and A1a+b were measured by an automated chromatographic method in 11 control subjects, 100 diabetics and 30 subjects with renal failure not induced by diabetes. Hb A1c was higher in diabetics than in controls (8.26 +/- 0.31 versus 5.24 +/- 0.28, p less than 0.01) and strongly correlated with blood glucose values for the preceding 4 months. In poorly controlled diabetics, submitted to an intensive therapeutic program, Hb A1c decreased rapidly. Hb A1c was slightly but significantly elevated in the uremic, non-diabetic patients who were not submitted to periodic hemodialysis: 6.42 +/- 0.32, p less than 0.05. It returned, in hemodialyzed patients, to a level not significantly different from the control value. Hb A1a+b was elevated in diabetic subjects (2.43 +/- 0.04 vs. 1.55 +/- 0.01 in controls, p less than 0.001). It was also higher in the uremic patients (2.71 +/- 0.14, p less than 0.001). No decrease occurred in the hemodialyzed patients (3.27 +/- 0.31). Glycosylated hemoglobin values, as routinely estimated and expressed under the name of "Hb A1", should be interpreted with caution in patients with renal failure. Methods discriminating Hb A1a+b have to be used. PMID- 7033091 TI - Calcium-antagonistic effects on glucose response to glucagon in patients with non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and in normoglycemic subjects. AB - The current study was performed in order to investigate whether verapamil would affect the glucose response to glucagon differently in patients with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) compared with age-matched normoglycemic controls. For that purpose glucagon was injected intravenously on a background infusion of verapamil, and for comparison also on a background infusion of saline in these two groups. Verapamil was found to blunt the glucose response to glucagon in the patients with NIDDM, whereas it augmented the glucose response to glucagon in the controls. This discrepancy could not be explained on the basis of verapamil-induced changes in the release of insulin, since verapamil did not effect the serum responses to glucagon. However, it could reflect the differences in hepatic handling of glucose, which has been shown to prevail in patients with NIDDM compared with healthy controls. PMID- 7033092 TI - Lack of effect of hyperprolactinemia on glucose disposal and insulin secretion in patients with prolactinomas. AB - The role of prolactin as a diabetogenic hormone is still controversial. The present study examines intravenous glucose tolerance in six subjects with prolactin secretion pituitary adenomas. Testing was performed in each individual both in the untreated high prolactin state and again after prolactin was reduced by bromocriptine treatment for three months. Lowering serum prolactin failed to improve intravenous glucose tolerance or alter insulin release. It is concluded that prolactin has no significant effect on glucose disposal. PMID- 7033093 TI - Assessment of pancreatic and hepatic function in Yucatan miniature swine exhibiting impaired glucose tolerance. AB - A group of Yucatan miniature swine exhibiting impaired glucose tolerance (Kq = .91 +/- .04), were examined with respect to their portal and hepatic vein insulin levels following a fasting intravenous glucose tolerance test. The majority of these animals (9 of 11) were found to exhibit the expected portal vein insulin deficiency. This deficiency was found to encompass all phases of the insulin response and was not limited to the acute secretory phase. The remaining two animals were found to have normal portal vein insulin concentrations while exhibiting reduced hepatic vein insulin levels, and impaired glucose tolerance. An excessive rate of hepatic insulin extraction is proposed to explain the etiology of the insulin deficiency and glucose intolerance observed in these latter two animals. PMID- 7033094 TI - Effect of variations in islet size and shape on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. AB - The present study considers the effects of differences islet size and shape on in vitro glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Islets were obtained from young rats and rapidly sorted into different size categories before incubation with 16.7 mM glucose. Subsequently, the diameters of each islet were measured and estimates of surface area and volume, assuming various spheroidal or ellipsoidal shapes, were obtained for each islet. These various figures were correlated with the amount of insulin secreted from the same islets and a regression curve was generated for each different islet shape. The results indicate that insulin secretion rates increased directly as a function of islet size (volume or surface area), regardless of islet shape (r = 0.78, p less than .01); thus, islet size is of major importance in predicting insulin secretion and studies utilizing isolated islets should be normalized for this factor. Measurements of islet diameter provide an easy solution to this problem. PMID- 7033095 TI - Comparative effects of mono-, di- and trisaccharide on arginine-induced insulin and glucagon secretion in the isolated perfused rat pancreas. PMID- 7033096 TI - Vascular prostacyclin release and metabolic derangement in diabetes. AB - Diabetic patients have a high susceptibility to microangiopathy, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Platelet hyper-reactivity, possibly related to an imbalance in platelet/vessel wall arachidonic acid metabolism may be involved. Release of prostacyclin (PGI2) by aorta and renal cortex from diabetic rats and arteries from diabetic patients was significantly depressed. Blood glucose levels in rats at sacrifice did not correlate well with aortic PGI2 release, although in no case was a high rate of PGI2 production found in an animal with a high blood glucose level. Insulin treatment (8 days) restored PGI2 release in tissues from diabetic rats. PGI2 generation by arteries from diabetic patients taking oral hypoglycemic agents was significantly lower than that of diabetics treated with insulin. PGI2 stimulatory activity was increased in plasma from diabetic rats and patients, but diabetic rat aortas were less responsive than those of controls to diabetic plasma. This suggests that decreased values PGI2 release in diabetes is not due to lack of stimulatory plasma factors but may be due to a defect in the vessel wall. Impaired PGI2 release by tissues that develop angiopathy and its normalization in rats by insulin, suggests that depressed PGI2 production may play a role in the vascular complications of diabetes. PMID- 7033097 TI - Increased platelet prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis in diabetes mellitus. AB - Platelets obtained from some diabetic patients show enhanced in vitro platelet aggregation. These studies were designed to determine if platelets obtained from diabetic subjects manifest increased metabolism of arachidonic acid to labile aggregating substances, such as thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and if they play a role in the enhanced platelet aggregation. Arachidonic acid stimulated TXA2 synthesis, as determined via radioimmunoassay of its stable metabolite TXB2, was significantly greater (p less than 0.01, n = 12) in platelet-rich plasma obtained from diabetic compared to matched controls. Arachidonic acid stimulated TXB2 synthesis in the diabetic platelet-rich plasma was positively correlated with the ambient fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.61, p less than 0.02, n = 15). Platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (0.4-0.8 mM) was inhibited significantly less by 13 azaprostanoic acid (p less than 0.04, n = 14), an antagonist of the actions of prostaglandin H2 or TXA2 on platelets, compared to matched controls. We conclude that platelets obtained from some diabetic subjects manifest increased metabolism of arachidonic acid to labile aggregating substances which may contribute to the enhanced platelet aggregation. PMID- 7033098 TI - A review of HLA antigens in longstanding IDDM with and without severe retinopathy. AB - The hitherto published studies of HLA antigens in diabetic retinopathy are reviewed. The existence of HLA associated genes conferring susceptibility (or resistance) to the development of diabetic retinopathy has neither been proved nor ruled out. Possible explanations of the lack of unanimous conclusions are discussed. Further studies in caucasians and other ethnic groups are warranted: future studies should be internationally accepted, well-defined diagnostic criteria and classifications of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy, and study and control groups should be carefully matched for other genetic and nongenetic risk factors. Future studies should include HLA D/DR typing. PMID- 7033100 TI - Quantitative, microscopical, computer-aided diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma in individual patients. AB - There are many significant differences, but also considerable overlap between the quantitative histopathological features of mild and marked atypical endometrial hyperplasias and well and moderately differentiated carcinomas, thus preventing its application to individual patient care. To try to overcome this problem, a classification rule for the diagnosis in individual patients, using discriminant analysis has been developed. Utilizing nine quantitative features, all the above four groups can be adequately separated. None of the carcinomas was misclassified as hyperplasia, and only one case of marked atypical hyperplasia was erroneously classified as well differentiated carcinoma, but with a probability of carcinoma 0.75, hyperplasia 0.25. By contrast, the classification probabilities of all the confirmed carcinomas exceeded 0.90. Therefore, using 0.90 as a classification level ('threshold'), a reliable rule is obtained. A slightly more simple classification rule distinguishes between all the hyperplasias and all the carcinomas. In this way, all the cases of the test set were correctly classified. The classification rules can be used to select patients with benign disease for hormone therapy (Kistner 1973) as an alternative to hysterectomy, and can be programmed in an inexpensive microcomputer, The quantitative techniques are relatively easy, and are capable of being performed in most histopathological laboratories. PMID- 7033099 TI - Nonparenchymal cells cultivated from explants of fibrotic liver resemble endothelial and smooth muscle cells from blood vessel walls. AB - Tissue specimens from human fibrotic liver obtained by needle biopsy were cultured. Two cell types emerged from the tissue explants. From their morphology and biosynthetic products they resembled smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells from blood vessel walls. In the "endothelial" cells, factor VIII-associated protein was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. Synthesis of collagen types I and III, basement membrane collagen types IV and V, and fibronectin by both cell types was observed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Homogeneous cultures of "smooth muscle cells" were observed in subcultures. After incubation with [14C]glycine, collagen was isolated and characterized by CM cellulose chromatography, and consisted mainly of types I and III. These data suggest involvement of mesenchymal cells in hepatic fibrosis; they presumably originate from blood vessel or sinusoidal walls. PMID- 7033101 TI - The medical care of psychiatric patients. AB - Longitudinal and cross-sectional data have demonstrated a high incidence of physical illness among psychiatric patient populations. Problems involved in the treatment of medically ill psychiatric patients include the nonspecificity of psychiatric symptoms, the inadequacy of previous examinations by a nonpsychiatric physician to rule out the possibility of physical disease causing psychiatric symptoms, and the patient's lack of awareness of current or pre-existing physical disease when consulting the psychiatrist. The following review examines nine categories of medical disorders that are known to produce psychiatric symptoms, with discussion of the psychiatric manifestations. Implications for current practice and training are briefly considered. PMID- 7033102 TI - Daniel Blain: a reminiscence. PMID- 7033103 TI - Project and plan prepare community hospital for regional role. PMID- 7033104 TI - Oral and ophthalmic pathology of graft versus host disease in man: predictive value of the lip biopsy. PMID- 7033105 TI - False positive linear fluorescence in acute tubular necrosis. PMID- 7033106 TI - Effects of visual display units on the eyes: a bibliography (1972-1980). PMID- 7033107 TI - Comparison of algorithms for the closed-loop control of blood glucose using the artificial beta cell. PMID- 7033108 TI - The influence of cell shape on the induction of functional differentiation in mouse mammary cells in vitro. AB - To define more clearly the in vitro conditions permissive for hormonal induction of functional differentiation, we cultured dissociated normal mammary cells from prelactating mice in or on a variety of substrates. Cultivation of an enriched epithelial cell population in association with living adult mammary stroma in the presence of lactogenic hormones resulted in both morphological and biochemical differentiation. This differentiation, however, was not enhanced over that seen when the cells were associated with killed stroma, provided that the killed stroma had a flexibility similar to that of the living stroma. Cells cultured in inflexible killed stroma usually did not differentiate. Cells cultured within the flexible environment of a collagen gel, but removed from the gas-medium interface, differentiated in a manner similar to those cultured in flexible stroma. Cells cultured on the surface of an attached collagen gel were squamous, and their basolateral surfaces were sequestered from the medium; they did not differentiate. Cells cultured on floating collagen gels were cuboidal-columnar, with basolateral surfaces exposed to the medium, and showed good functional differentiation. Cells cultured on inflexible floating collagen gels were extremely flattened and had exposed basolateral surfaces, and showed no evidence of functional differentiation. We infer that assumption of cuboidal to columnar shapes differentiation in vitro. The additional requirement of basolateral cell surface exposure also is important. PMID- 7033109 TI - Requirement of hydrocortisone and insulin for extended proliferation and passage of rat keratinocytes. AB - A procedure for the preparation and cultivation of rat epidermal basal cells from full thickness skin resulted in greater than 99% viability and 90% plating efficiency. However, attempts to subculture monolayers of these epithelial cells grown in medium with serum as the only supplement were totally unsuccessful. When hydrocortisone and insulin were added to the medium, subcultivation of primary growth was obtained. It was demonstrated that hydrocortisone at concentrations as low as 0.1 micrograms/ml was necessary for at least the initial attachment of the cells to the substrate - an essential step in subcultivation. Increasing concentrations of insulin (0.1 to 50 micrograms/ml) caused the rate of proliferation and the cell density to increase, but insulin alone did not support subcultivation. PMID- 7033110 TI - Maintenance of adult hamster pancreas cells on fibroblastic cells. AB - The maintenance of primary cultures of adult hamster pancreatic cells on layers of irradiated C3H/10T1/2 cells was studied. Various types of pancreatic cells, acinar, islet and ductular cells could be identified in the cultures by light and electron microscopy. Morphologically the various pancreatic cells retained many differentiated characteristics of their respective in vivo cells types. Insulin production was maintained at near Day 1 levels for the 16 d in culture for which it was measured. Colonies of epithelial cells continued to grow during a 20 d culture period. It is believed that this procedure for maintaining functional and growing pancreas cells in culture may be a useful in vitro model for studying the initiation of pancreatic carcinogenesis. PMID- 7033111 TI - Regulation of endothelial cell DNA synthesis and adherence. PMID- 7033112 TI - A micro-culture system for cloning human T lymphocytes in agar. AB - A simple and reproducible single-layer micro-agar culture system for cloning of human T lymphocytes has been described. The system consists of an agar layer, in which mononuclear cells from peripheral blood were suspended, and a liquid overlayer containing the mitogenic substance. The advantages of the described method are a low incubation volume (0.5 ml) and the liquid overlayer. The addition of different test substances to the liquid overlayer is simple and easily controllable. Depending on the agar concentration a different number of formed colonies can be found floating in the liquid phase. The morphological, cytochemical and immunological characteristics of the cells from those aggregates could be easily studied. The T-cell characteristics of formed clusters and colonies was confirmed by immunofluorescence and E rosette formation. The effects of agar, serum and cell concentrations, as well as the mitogenic activation caused by three lectins on the development and number of colonies were studied on day 7, 10 and 14 of incubation. PMID- 7033113 TI - The human thymus microenvironment: in vivo identification of thymic nurse cells and other antigenically-distinct subpopulations of epithelial cells. AB - We have studied the human thymus microenvironment in order to identify subsets of cells that may be responsible for the induction of different aspects of T lymphocyte differentiation, education and MHC restriction. Using immunofluorescence on tissue sections and cell suspensions we have found MHC products (HLA-A, B, C and DR) to be present throughout the thymus epithelium whilst human T-cell antigens are absent from all non-lymphoid cells. In contrast, Thy-1 antigen (expressed on approximately 1% paediatric human thymocytes) has a differential expression amongst thymic epithelial cells, being confined to those in the subcapsular cortex and to 'thymic nurse cells' (TNC). The former represent the site to which thymocyte precursors first migrate upon entering the thymus. The latter are large epithelial cells, located within the cortex, whose plasma membrane totally enclose a number of thymus lymphocytes; these cells are therefore good candidates for the mediators of direct contact (stromal) induced thymocyte maturation. PMID- 7033114 TI - Senile cardiac amyloid: evidence that fibrils contain a protein immunologically related to prealbumin. AB - Antiserum specific for human prealbumin (HPA) was studied by indirect immunofluorescence on tissue sections of cardiac ventricles containing senile cardiac amyloid. The pattern of reactivity was identical to that previously reported for an antiserum specific for protein ASc1 (formerly designated ASCA present in these tissues. Anti-HPA failed to react with isolated atrial amyloid (IAA), primary amyloid (A lambda I, A lambda IV, A lambda VI), secondary amyloid (AA), amyloid associated with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (AEt), pancreatic amyloid associated with adult onset diabetes, cerebral amyloid present in Alzheimer's disease or lichen amyloid. THe reaction of anti-HPA was completely blocked by purified human prealbumin but was not influenced by absorption with purified human albumin or proteins extracted from any amyloid types tested. The anti-HPA reaction was also completely blocked by purified protein ASc1, and the reaction of anti-ASc1 was similarly blocked by purified HPA. These studies suggest that senile cardiac amyloid of the ASc1 type contains prealbumin or a protein antigenically closely related to this molecule. PMID- 7033115 TI - Characterization of immunogenic properties of haptenated liposomal model membranes in mice. V. Effect of membrane composition on humoral and cellular immunogenicity. AB - This paper describes the effect of altering liposomal membrane composition on humoral and cellular immunogenicity of haptenated liposomes in mice. Antibody formation was determined by enumeration of direct, plaque-forming cells in the spleen and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DH) was measured with a footpad swelling test. Humoral immunogenicity of haptenated liposomes was strongly influenced by membrane phospholipid, cholesterol and charged amphiphile composition. Haptenated liposomes prepared from phospholipids with a low (dioleoyl- and dilauroyl-phosphatidylcholine) or high (distearoyl phosphatidylcholine) phase-transition temperature were less immunogenic than those prepared from phospholipids with an intermediate phase-transition temperature (dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin). In general, increasing the amount of liposomal membrane cholesterol induced a higher humoral response. These results are discussed in relation to liposomal membrane fluidity. Induction of an optimal DH with haptenated liposomes did not occur in the absence of the adjuvant dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA). When DDA was used, alterations in membrane composition did not influence cellular immunogenicity. From these results it was concluded that 'intermediate' liposomal membrane fluidity is the most important requirement for induction of optimal antibody formation with haptenated liposomes and that a certain physicochemical configuration of the antigen, provided by the adjuvant DDA, is a prerequisite for induction of DH. PMID- 7033116 TI - The effect of delayed addition of antigen and 'E' rosetting on the proliferative response to mycobacterial antigens of peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal individuals or from patients with tuberculosis or leprosy. AB - Some suppressor cells are reported to lose their activity when precultured without stimulus in vitro. We have investigated the role of such suppressors in responsiveness to mycobacterial antigens of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from patients with leprosy or tuberculosis, or from normal donors. Delayed addition of mycobacterial antigens (Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium vaccae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis), but not of a fungal antigen (Candida albicans) caused enhanced responses using PBMNC from most normal donors, or tuberculoid leprosy (TT/BT) patients. However, the effect was less common using PBMNC from the lepromatous leprosy (BL/LL) group. (P less than 01.01, using M. leprae, relative to the TT/BT group), suggesting that this type of suppression reflects a normal mechanism, which is diminished rather than increased in anergic patients. Delayed addition of antigens to 'E'-rosetting cells did not result in enhanced responses. However, the different effects of 'E'-rosetting on the responses to the mycobacterial antigens of cells from normals, TT/BT and BL/LL patients, suggested that there may be two types of proliferative response to these antigens. PMID- 7033117 TI - Effect of soluble immune complexes of Fc and C3 receptor-dependent phagocytosis by human monocytes. AB - The capacity was studied of bovine serum albumin (BSA) rabbit anti-BSA and ovalbumin (OA) rabbit anti-OA immune complexes of different composition to inhibit the Fc receptor-dependent adherence and phagocytosis of sensitized sheep red blood cells by human monocytes. Parallel experiments were performed on the ability of the immune but complement-reacted complexes to inhibit the C3 receptor dependent phagocytosis of C3-coated yeast particles. The extent of inhibition of both the Fc and C3 receptor-dependent phagocytosis was proportional to the antibody avidity of the complex used. Immune complexes made at equivalence and at moderate antibody excess markedly inhibited both types of phagocytosis, whereas those made at moderate antigen excess had only a weak inhibitory effect. These findings can be explained by the correlation between the Fc receptor-binding and complement-activating capacities of immune complexes of different composition. An alternative explanation, however, is also discussed. PMID- 7033118 TI - Androgen sensitivity and autoimmune disease. I. Influence of sex and testosterone on the humoral immune response of autoimmune and non-autoimmune mouse strains to sheep erythrocytes. AB - Pre- and post-puberal NZB, DBA/2 and BALB/c mice showed no sex differences in primary IgM plaque-forming cell responses to sheep erythrocyte immunization. Orchiectomy increased and testosterone implants reduced antibody responses only if followed by sublethal irradiation suggesting that androgens may affect rapidly regenerating stem cells and/or their differentiating progeny. Strain differences in target organ sensitivity to androgen were not observed suggesting that NZB autoimmunity does not arise from a pathologic defect in androgen responsiveness. PMID- 7033119 TI - Co-operative cellular interactions in the generation of adoptively-transferred murine IgA responses. AB - The adoptive transfer system was initially used to document the requirement for co-operation between hapten-primed and carrier-primed lymphocytes in generating secondary IgA antibody responses. Studies employing anti-theta antiserum and complement to deplete T cells showed that carrier-specific theta-bearing cells are required for IgA responses. Furthermore, non-specific T-cell help could be provided by transfer of normal allogeneic spleen cells into irradiated recipients. When limiting numbers of 'educated' thymus cells were added to a constant number of spleen cells, depleted of T cells, IgM responses were not affected while both IgG and IgA antibody responses were shown to be dependent on the numbers of thymus cells injected. These results provide direct evidence for the participation of theta-bearing T lymphocytes in IgA anti-TNP antibody responses and suggest that IgA lymphocyte precursors may be inherently more sensitive than IgM B cells to the regulatory effects of helper T lymphocytes. PMID- 7033120 TI - Clinicobacteriological study of pneumonia. PMID- 7033121 TI - An immunogenetic analysis Skn antigens in mice. AB - Studies on the fate of Skn-incompatible grafts indicate that both the immune response to and the potency of these antigens are influenced by the MHC. Evidence is also presented that strains CBA, C3H, and A possess different Skn antigens. PMID- 7033122 TI - Two independent T-lymphocyte antigen loci in the chicken, Ly-4 and Th-1. PMID- 7033123 TI - Prevalence and sexual transmission of group B streptococci in male genital tract. PMID- 7033124 TI - Exfoliative cytopathological study in renal allotransplantation. PMID- 7033125 TI - A study of heat-stable enterotoxins of enteropathogenic coli: Part II. Chemical nature of toxic fractions. PMID- 7033126 TI - A study on heat-stable enterotoxins of enteropathogenic E. coli: Part I. Fractionation by agar gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7033127 TI - A simplified technique for demonstration of acid phosphatase activity in microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti. PMID- 7033129 TI - A study of beta-haemolytic streptococci isolated from cases of pyoderma. PMID- 7033128 TI - Immunological studies of toxoplasmosis in case of abortion. PMID- 7033130 TI - Fungal flora in the superficial infections of the skin and nails at Lucknow. PMID- 7033131 TI - T-typing & serogrouping of beta haemolytic streptococci in various human diseases in & around Chandigarh. PMID- 7033132 TI - Production of C2 toxin by Clostridium botulinum types C and D as determined by its vascular permeability activity. AB - Vascular permeability (VP) activity was demonstrated by intradermal injection of culture supernatants of Clostridium botulinum types C and D and strains producing only C2 toxin. The activity was enhanced markedly by treatment with trypsin. It was abolished by antiserum against C2 toxin and by antisera specific for components I and II of C2 toxin, but not by anti-type C or -type D neurotoxin serum. Of 14 strains examined, 10 had VP activity. No VP activity was demonstrated in the culture supernatants of C. botulinum type A, B, E, or F. These results indicate that VP activity is a function of the C2 toxin elaborated by C. botulinum types C and D and that the toxin possesses VP as well as lethal activities. These findings raise the possibility that VP activity of C2 toxin exerts synergic effect(s) with neurotoxin in the pathogenesis of botulism caused by type C and D strains. PMID- 7033133 TI - Response of CBA/N x DBA2/F1 mice to Nocardia asteroides. AB - Immunized and nonimmunized B-lymphocyte-deficient CBD2/F1 (CBA/N x DBA/2) mice were infected with Nocardia asteroides GUH-2 by different routes of inoculation. The 50% lethal dose, organ clearance, footpad response, and antibody titers were measured. It was observed that B-cell-deficient male mice were not significantly more susceptible to infection than normal female controls even though the female CBD2/F1 mice produced antinocardial antibodies while the deficient male animals did not. Preimmunized male and female mice were identical in their ability to clear N. asteroides from the adrenals, brain, kidneys, liver, lungs, and spleen. Both DBA/2 and CBD2/F1 female mice were more susceptible than their male littermates to intravenous challenge with N. asteroides GUH-2. This enhanced susceptibility of the female mice as compared to the male littermates appeared to be due to a decreased resistance to nocardial infections in the brains of the female animals. These data indicate that antibody and certain B-lymphocyte subpopulations are not essential components in host resistance to N. asteroides GUH-2 in these mice. PMID- 7033134 TI - Immunological activities of purified preparations of enterobacterial common antigen. AB - The immunological activities of three purified preparations of enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) obtained by different procedures were studied. ECA-Ma (method of A. Marx) was from Salmonella typhimurium TV149 (Ra mutant), ECA-My (method of H. Mayer) was from S. montevideo, and ECA-Ro (method of E. Romanowska) was from Shigella sonnei phase I. These preparations, on a weight basis, neutralized similar amounts of ECA antibodies, indicating that the serological activities were comparable. Neither ECA-My nor ECA-Ro elicited specific delayed type hypersensitivity skin reactions at 24 or 48 h in immunized guinea pigs. ECA Ma, as well as the nonpurified preparations of the antigens used for immunization, elicited reactions at 24 h but not at 48 h. Thus, ECA-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity was not detected in immunized guinea pigs. Striking differences were noted in the immunogenicity of these antigens, ECA-Ma being highly immunogenic in the rabbit in contrast to ECA-My and ECA-Ro. ECA-Ma was a potent mitogen for guinea pig spleen cells, stimulating high levels of DNA synthesis; ECA-My was only slightly active. The three antigens were mitogenic to spleen cells from both CBA/J and C3H/HeJ mice, although not to the same degree, indicating that this effect is not due to contaminating lipopolysaccharide, since the latter strain of mice is resistant to endotoxin. Since an ECA-Ma extract made from an ECA-negative mutant proved to be mitogenic to murine spleen cells, the mitogenicity is not due to the ECA haptenic determinant. The mitogenic effect is polyclonal in nature, ECA-Ma producing a maximum response on day 3. Thus, the ECA preparations are both B-cell mitogens and polyclonal activators in murine spleen cells. From these studies it is evident that the biological and immunological activities of these purified antigens depend not only on the haptenic determinant but also on associated or bound components of the preparations. PMID- 7033135 TI - Lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate protect bacteria from hydrogen peroxide. AB - Lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate were shown to protect Escherichia coli and three oral streptococcal species from the bactericidal effect of hydrogen peroxide under aerobic conditions. Lactoperoxidase in the absence of thiocyanate was also protective for two of the bacterial species in a dilution medium but potentiated hydrogen peroxide toxicity for the other two under the same conditions. The products of the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and thiocyanate in the presence of lactoperoxidase were not bactericidal except in the case of E. coli, and then only under special conditions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate in protecting living cells from hydrogen peroxide toxicity. Although the effect on human cells was not examined in this study, extrapolation of these results to the cells of the oral mucosa would suggest an important protective role of lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate against the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide in the oral cavity. PMID- 7033136 TI - Effects of compromising agents on candidosis in mice with persistent infections initiated in infancy. AB - Oral-intragastric inoculation of infant CFW mice with Candida albicans, leading either to lethality or to persistent infection of long duration, provides a useful model for study of the host-pathogen interrelationships in candidosis. Mice were most susceptible to the lethal effects of challenge when 4 to 6 days of age, increasingly resistant up to 10 to 11 days, and then resistant to doses of C. albicans lethal for the younger animals. Older mice harboring persistent infections of the gastrointestinal tract, originally initiated when the animals were 6 days old, were used to study the effects of agents which commonly are administered to cancer patients or which are known to predispose to candidosis. The broad-spectrum antibiotic chloramphenicol, cortisone acetate, X-irradiation, or single high doses of cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) resulted in markedly enhanced levels of C. albicans in the gastrointestinal tract without systemic spread. Repeated smaller doses of Cytoxan, or treatment with methotrexate or a combination of cortisone acetate and Cytoxan, produced gastrointestinal candidosis associated with invasion and systemic spread. The data indicate that the persistently infected animals provide a realistic model for studying treatments that precipitate candidosis in humans. PMID- 7033137 TI - Serum resistance among Escherichia coli strains causing urinary tract infection in relation to O type and the carriage of hemolysin, colicin, and antibiotic resistance determinants. AB - The sensitivity to normal human serum of 91 smooth strains of Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections was determined. Production of hemolysin, which was common and associated primarily with the types O4, O6, O18, and O75, was significantly correlated with high levels of serum resistance, both within the total population and within individual O types. In contrast, serum resistance was not significantly associated with antibiotic resistance (whether transmissible or not), with colicinogeny in general, or with colicin V production in particular. This indicates that the carriage of R and ColV plasmids, shown previously to be capable of conferring increased levels of serum resistance on individual strains of E. coli isolated from other sources, does not play an important part in determining the serum sensitivity of the E. coli population involved in urinary tract infection. PMID- 7033138 TI - Bacillus pumilus in the induction of clindamycin-associated enterocolitis in guinea pigs. AB - Antibiotic-associated enterocolitis was induced in guinea pigs by the intraperitoneal injection of clindamycin. The colonic and cecal mucosa and feces of acutely ill animals were cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions on 5% sheep blood agar plates and on a selective and differential medium for Clostridium difficile. All morphologically distinct colony types were isolated in pure culture and identified. A sterile cell-free filtrate of each isolate was tested for ability to induce morphological changes in cultured monolayers of mouse adrenal cells. The filtrate of a predominant isolate, Bacillus pumilus, induced an alteration of cellular morphology; the sterile filtrate of other isolates were unreactive. Toxin contained in cell-free filtrates of B. pumilus caused a syndrome identical to clindamycin-associated enterocolitis when injected intracecally into guinea pigs. The toxin had a molecular weight of 6,500 daltons as determined by molecular sieve chromatography and was inactivated with pronase, lipase, and trypsin. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of clindamycin and vancomycin for B. pumilus were 50 micrograms/ml and less than or equal to 0.4 micrograms/ml, respectively. PMID- 7033139 TI - Hemolysin plasmid coding for the virulence of a nephropathogenic Escherichia coli strain. AB - The nephropathogenic Escherichia coli strain P673 was shown to harbor two plasmids with molecular sizes of 70 and 41 megadaltons, respectively. The 70 megadalton plasmid, pCW1, coded for tetracycline resistance, whereas hemolysin production was coded by the 41-megadalton plasmid, pCW2. Plasmid pCW1 proved to be self-transmissible, in contrast to pCW2. Transfer of the hemolysin character was associated with the appearance of a 110-megadalton plasmid, pCW3. The incompatibility of pCW3 with both native plasmids and restriction enzyme analysis led to the conclusion that pCW3 is a cointegrate of pCW1 and pCW2, pCW2, carrying the hemolytic determinant, is involved in the nephropathogenic character of strain P673, because (i) elimination of pCW2 from P673 was associated with a loss of virulence and (ii) the nephropathogenicity of the avirulent mutant could be restored by reintroduction of pCW2 DNA as part of a cointegrate structure. PMID- 7033140 TI - Isolation of heart- and kidney-binding protein from group A streptococci. AB - Tritium-labeled, water-soluble components of Streptococcus pyogenes type M6 absorbed to cardiac tissue in vitro. Tissue binding was time dependent, saturable, and reversible. Chromatography of the crude bacterial extract on Bio Gel P-300 indicated a molecular weight greater than 300,000 for the heart-binding component. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) dissociated this aggregate into a protein of 18,000 to 20,000 daltons as determined by Sephacryl S-200 chromatography and SDS-polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The tissue-binding protein was also purified from streptococcal extracts by absorption to immobilized heart components. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the protein desorbed from tissue revealed a radioactive band of 19,000 daltons. Indirect immunofluorescence tests on cardiac tissue treated with streptococcal extract showed an accumulation of a bacterial antigen on the sarcolemmal sheaths. Streptococcal components also adsorbed to basement membranes of kidney. Antisera prepared to isolated cytoplasmic membranes and water-soluble extracts of S. pyogenes type M6 were the most sensitive reagents for the detection of bacterial components bound to tissue. Antisera prepared to isolated cell walls and to intact bacteria were weakly reactive in these assays. PMID- 7033141 TI - In vivo changes in complement induced with peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers from streptococcal cell walls. AB - In rats injected with an arthropathogenic dose of streptococcal cell wall fragments, serum hemolytic activity decreased over the first 24 h and was then elevated from days 2 through 6 after injection. Hemolytic activity was again elevated at days 16 and 40. Levels of activity of alternative complement pathway, C3, and factor D were also altered. PMID- 7033142 TI - Failure of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to elicit a cytostatic effect on Plasmodium vinckei petteri in C3H/HeJ mice. AB - Malarial parasites, Plasmodium vinckei petteri, taken from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) high-responder (C3H/HeJGiFWeHi) mice which had been injected 7 to 8 h previously with either Escherichia coli LPS B or LPS W incorporated the purine nucleotide precursor hypoxanthine more slowly in an in vitro assay than parasites taken from saline-injected controls. In contrast, malarial parasites taken from LPS low-responder C3H/HeJ mice after injection of either LPS B or LPS W did not show reduced levels of hypoxanthine incorporation. These differing results with LPS high- and low-responder mouse strains demonstrated that the cytostatic effect on the parasites seen in the high-responder strain was not due to the direct action of LPS and implied that the cytostasis was mediated via host lymphoreticular cells. Furthermore, the failure of LPS B, a lipid A-associated protein-containing LPS preparation, to elicit a cytostatic effect on P. vinckei petteri in C3H/HeJ mice suggested that the LPS-induced effector mechanisms acting against malarial parasites may be similar to those reported against bacteria and tumors. PMID- 7033143 TI - Evidence for mannose-mediated adherence of Candida albicans to human buccal cells in vitro. AB - Various lectins and sugars were used to study the possible role of saccharide containing moieties on the surface of Candida albicans and human buccal cells in the adherence of this yeast to mucosal surfaces. The lectins possessed affinities for several different sugar moieties and were used to pretreat C. albicans or buccal cells before mixing and incubating in the adherence assay. It was found that concanavalin A, a lectin that recognizes mannose and glucose, inhibited adherence of the pretreated yeasts to buccal cells and also inhibited adherence of pretreated buccal cells to nonpretreated yeast cells. Adherence was restored by preincubating the concanavalin A with a mannose derivative, but preincubation of concanavalin A with other sugars did not produce this effect. Lectins that do not recognize mannose had no effect on adherence. The presence of alpha-D-methyl mannopyranoside in the incubation medium during the assay inhibited adherence, whereas other sugars did not. Germinated yeasts adhered to buccal cells more effectively than nongerminated cells and were more susceptible to adherence inhibition by concanavalin A than were nongerminated yeasts. Thus, mannose containing moieties on the surface of C. albicans and buccal cells could mediate the adherence of this yeast to human epithelium. PMID- 7033144 TI - Effects of castration, sex steroids, LHRH and glucocorticoids on LHRH binding in the anterior pituitary of male rats. AB - In the present study we have examined the effects of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (LHRH), sex steroids and glucocorticoids on the binding of LHRH to receptors in the pituitary of male intact and castrated rats. In intact rats, LHRH (10 microgram/day) treatment for 11 days caused a significant increase in LHRH binding, whereas testosterone (500 microgram/day) or oestradiol (50 microgram/day) were inhibitory. 17-hydroxyprogesterone and dexamethasone were without effects. In castrated rats, LHRH caused a marginal decrease in LHRH binding. Much greater inhibition was observed with testosterone and oestradiol. 17-hydroxyprogesterone reduced binding to that of intact controls, whereas dexamethasone was ineffective. When different doses of sex steroids were tested, both oestradiol, testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone inhibited LHRH in a dose-dependent manner. The lowest doses of steroids causing significant inhibition of LHRH binding in castrated animals were 0.5, 50 and 500 microgram/day for oestradiol, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and testosterone, respectively. The present study shows that pituitary receptors for LHRH are regulated both by sex steroids and LHRH itself. PMID- 7033145 TI - Biphasic depression of macrophage function after tumor transplantation. AB - Tumor bearing produces a biphasic depression of macrophage inflammatory responses. Macrophage accumulation was measured on nitrocellulose filters in DA rats transplanted with a DMBA-induced fibrosarcoma and in SJL/J mice transplanted with a first-generation histiocytic lymphoma. The early phase defect was observed 2-5 days and 4-12 days after tumor transplantation in rats and mice respectively. Although transient, its duration could be prolonged by increasing the number of tumor cells injected. An interval of normal responses separated this early defect from a second or late-phase defect which began midway in the clinical course and persisted until death. Transplantation of syngeneic liver cells increased macrophage responses in DA rate but had no effect in SJL/J mice. The demonstration of a biphasic anti-inflammatory effect following tumor transplantation suggests that low doses of tumor cells are effective in inhibiting macrophages and that tumor bearing may alter macrophage responses by more than one mechanism. PMID- 7033146 TI - Immunohistologic evidence for the role of antibody and macrophages in regression of the murine T1699 mammary adenocarcinoma. AB - The regression or progression of the T1699 murine mammary adenocarcinoma was analyzed with histologic an immunohistologic techniques to determine the tissue distribution of both macrophages and anti-tumor antibody. Changes in integrity of tumor blood vessels were apparent during tumor growth and regression. Tumors at early stages of growth were invaded in the capsule by multiple vascular branches which later permeated tha tumor. Following the appearance of anti-tumor in the serum, these vessels often showed immune complex deposition which preceded vessel leakage, destruction and hemorrhage. After these changes, tumor cells appeared coated with antibody. Macrophages appeared predominantly in the tumor capsule during early stages of tumor growth, while at later stage they were observed within tumors most prominently near the edge of growing hemorrhagic and necrotic areas. As tumors regressed, connective tissue septation lined by macrophages became apparent. Phagocytosis of seemingly intact tumor cells was common and appeared to account for much of the loss in tumor cell numbers. In immunosuppressed animals (ATXBM,450R) in which tumor progression always occurred, the above features were markedly diminished or absent. This model emphasizes the interplay of many factors in tumor regression. These include immune complex deposition, blood vessel destruction, macrophage infiltration and connective tissue development, all of which are associated with tumor regression and seem to be infrequent and/or inconsequential during progressive tumor growth. PMID- 7033147 TI - Glycosphingolipids of K562 cells: a chemical and immunological analysis. AB - The K562 cell line, which was established from a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis, was thought to be myeloid, but recent data indicate that it is an undifferentiated erythroid cell line. We have found that the glycosphingolipid content of these cells differs considerably from that of mature erythrocytes. Globotetraosylceramide, the most abundant glycolipid of mature red cells, was not detected in K562 cells, and neither was globotriaosylceramide. The predominant neutral glycolipids of K562 cells are monohexaosylceramides, which are a mixture of glucosyl- and galactosylceramides, and lactotriaosyl- and lactoneotetraosylceramides were also detected. Secondly, gangliosides which contain N-acetylgalactosamine were much more abundant than those containing N acetylglucosamine in K562 cells, in contrast to erythrocytes. The most abundant ganglioside of K562 cells, GM2, is present in trace quantities in erythrocytes. A third major difference between these two cells lies in their relative proportions of neutral glycolipids and gangliosides. The molar ratio of neutral glycolipids/gangliosides is approximately 15:1 in erythrocytes and 1:1 in K562 cells. These striking differences between K562 cells and mature erythrocytes indicate that glycolipids may be useful cell surface markers of normal erythrocyte differentiation, and of erythroleukemias. PMID- 7033148 TI - Distribution and molecular characterization of a cell-surface and a cytoplasmic antigen detectable in human melanoma cells with monoclonal antibodies. AB - The monoclonal antibodies 225.28S and 465.12 to human melanoma-associated antigens have been tested with a large variety of surgically removed skin lesions and malignant tumors as well as with a panel of cultured cell lines in serological and immunochemical assays. The antibody 225.28S reacts with a plasma membrane antigen while the antibody 465.12 detects a cytoplasmic antigen. Both antibodies fail to react with melanocytes from normal skin as well as benign skin lesions but react with nevi, melanoma cells and some skin carcinomas. Analysis with surgically removed tumors and cultured human cell lines indicated that the plasma membrane antigen is restricted to skin lesions whereas the cytoplasmic antigen is synthesized by tumor cells of various histological origins. The plasma membrane antigen is composed of two glyco-polypeptides of 280,000 and greater than 440,000 daltons, while the cytoplasmic antigen consists of 4 glycopolypeptides of 94,000, 75,000, 70,000 and 25,000 daltons. None of these components are bridged by disulfide bonds. The cytoplasmic antigen was readily detected in the spent culture medium of melanoma cell lines in the form of a major 94,000 dalton and a minor 72,000 dalton structure, while the plasma membrane antigen was detectable only after vastly increasing the sensitivity of the assay system. PMID- 7033149 TI - Relationship between T-cell population in neonatally thymectomized Lewis rats and susceptibility to infection with mycobacterium leprae. AB - The neonatally thymectomized Lewis rat (NTLR) is highly susceptible to infection with M. leprae. However, a significant percentage of NTLR respond to infection with M. leprae in much the same way as do intact rats, yet show no evidence of residual thymus. To determine whether there was a correlation between the number of remaining T-cells and susceptibility to infection with M. leprae, a direct fluorescent antibody test was performed using a highly specific, absorbed antithymocyte globulin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Both total circulating white blood cells and T-cells were significantly depressed in all NTLR examined. Although the greatest numbers of M. leprae were found in NTLR from the groups having the lowest percentage of circulating T-cells, these groups also contained NTLR infected with small numbers of M. leprae. The groups containing NTLR with the highest percentages of circulating T-cells also contained animals with both moderate and severe M. leprae infection. The response of cultured splenic lymphocytes from NTLR and normal rats to the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A was investigated to determine whether there was any correlation between T-cell activity and susceptibility to M. leprae infection. The mean stimulation index for normal rats was five to ten times greater than indices for NTLR, but there were no significant differences between NTLR with a well developed, generalized infection and those with a poorly developed infection. it was concluded that since there was no apparent relationship between T-cell depletion and susceptibility to infection with M. leprae, an additional, unknown mechanism was also involved. PMID- 7033150 TI - Effect of in-vitro lifespan of 3T3-L1 cells on hormonal responsiveness of lipoprotein lipase activity. AB - The synthesis and secretion of lipoprotein lipase activity is one marker of the adipocyte state in cultured 3T3-L1 cells. Lipoprotein lipase in these cells is responsive to hormones (insulin and GIP); however, this has not been a constant feature. To determine if in-vitro lifespan or passage number contributes to this responsiveness, cells over an in-vitro lifespan of nine to 22 passages were examined for insulin- and GIP-mediated increases in enzyme synthesis and secretion. Differences in GIP responsiveness between the parent line and 3T3-L1 subclones were also tested. Insulin-mediated release of lipase into the culture medium (P less than 0.02) and the stimulation of heparin-releasable activity from cells by insulin (P less than 0.05) were inversely related to passage number. The responsiveness to GIP also decreased with increasing in-vitro lifespan. Differences between the parent cell and subclones were also seen for GIP. The loss of responsiveness in these cells appears to be associated with an increase in confluent density. There was no relationship between basal lipoprotein lipase activity and passage number. Therefore, the effect of insulin and GIP on lipoprotein lipase activity in 3T3-L1 cells is not a stable property and some caution is required before applying data obtained from these cells to the in-vivo situation. PMID- 7033151 TI - Effects of variable glucose and fat-cell concentration on glucose metabolism and insulin responsiveness by adipocytes of different sizes. PMID- 7033152 TI - Insulin and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in humans. AB - Insulin may be important in regulating adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase in the rat. Insulin appears to be necessary for the maintenance of enzyme activity in adipose tissue in humans since it is decreased in untreated diabetes and returns to normal with anti-hyperglycemic therapy. Other than this permissive role of insulin in maintenance of adipose tissue LPL activity in humans, there is little evidence that insulin, by itself, plays a primary role in the regulation of adipose-tissue lipoprotein lipase in man. PMID- 7033153 TI - Impaired regulation of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase in obesity. AB - Among the numerous alterations in adipose tissue metabolism in obesity is an increased activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the rate-limiting enzyme in triglyceride assimilation. The present paper summarizes a series of experiments demonstrating that the regulation of LPL activity is also impaired in obesity. In normal subjects, glucose intake leads to an increase in adipose tissue LPL activity; this phenomenon can also be demonstrated by incubation of adipose tissue in an insulin-containing buffer in vitro. In contrast, the initially high enzyme activity of adipose tissue from obese subjects is non-responsive to glucose and insulin in vivo and in vitro. However, incubation of adipose tissue from obese subjects in the absence of glucose and insulin led to a rapid decline in enzyme activity and elicited a normal response to subsequent exposure to glucose and insulin. These data indicate that the hyperinsulinemia of the obese tissue donor may be of importance for the abnormalities of LPL activity. However, experiments with VMH-lesioned rats demonstrated that insulin levels and LPL activities could be dissociated. In obese and normal-weight rats, standardized with regard to insulin levels by abolition of endogenous insulin production by streptozotocin treatment and substitution with identical doses of insulin, LPL activities and regulation differed markedly, indicating that factors other than insulin are also involved in the dysregulation of LPL activity in obesity. PMID- 7033154 TI - Inorganic tin: chemistry, disposition and role in nuclear medicine diagnostic skeletal imaging agents. PMID- 7033155 TI - Iodine-125 cytotoxicity: implications for therapy and estimation of radiation risk. PMID- 7033156 TI - Vitamins and alcoholism. X. Vitamin D, XI, Vitamin E, XII. Vitamin K. PMID- 7033157 TI - Prophylactic antibiotic therapy with cefamandole and tobramycin for patients undergoing renal transplantation. AB - The incidence of infections among patients undergoing renal transplantation has been reported as high as 83% during the first post-transplant year. In an effort to reduce the occurrence of such infections, we evaluated the role of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics in these patients. Thirty-seven patients undergoing transplantation were assigned randomly to treatment groups (N = 20, cefamandole, 1 gm IM every 6 hrs for 8 doses/tobramycin 1 mg/kg IM for 1 dose, starting 2 hrs prior to surgery) and control groups (N = 17, no antibiotics). A uniform infection surveillance system was used. Eighty-one percent (30/37) of patients became infected; 70% (14/20) of treated patients and 94% (16/17) of controls (p = 0.14). Since antibiotic prophylaxis might be expected to exert the greatest influence in the immediate postoperative period, we examined patient outcome data for both the first seven posttransplant days and for the entire hospitalization. Of the 38% (14/37) of patients who developed infections during the first posttransplant week, a statistically greater proportion came from the control group than from the treated group (10/17 vs. 4/20, p = 0.04). These data suggest that this regimen is effective in reducing the occurrence of infections during the first week following renal transplantation. PMID- 7033158 TI - Pseudoepidemic of endocarditis in patients undergoing open heart surgery. AB - Between July 2 and July 16, 1979, three patients were reported to have gram positive cocci as seen on Gram strain of excised, macerated heart valve tissue. No organisms were isolated in culture; however, our usual procedure for handling such valves is not adequate for isolation of strict anaerobes. The first patient was treated for presumed endocarditis; this resulted in three additional weeks of hospitalization. Review of the remaining 34 patients who had heart valve replacement surgery between February 1 and July 20, 1979 revealed three additional cases. Careful analysis revealed that nonviable, gram-positive cocci present in commercially prepared trypticase soy broth were being added to the tissue just prior to mortar and pestle grinding in the microbiology laboratory. The contaminated tubes were noted to have a visible sediment when carefully examined. The procedure for handling the broth has been revised; a simple screening procedure is used now to identify potentially contaminated broth. No further instances of false positive results on Gram-staining of heart valve tissue have occurred since this screening procedure was introduced. PMID- 7033159 TI - Klebsiella pneumoniae pseudobacteremia due to cross-contamination of a radiometric blood culture analyzer. AB - Blood isolates from 13 patients in one hospital were positive for Klebsiella pneumoniae over a two-week period. Vials of potassium chloride used in intravenous fluid admixture initially were suspected of being contaminated and thus causing the problem. However, a comparison of patients who had blood cultures positive for K. pneumoniae with control patients who had blood cultures negative for this organism during the same period identified no common features that would explain the increase in K. pneumoniae blood isolates. Careful evaluation of laboratory data suggested that six of the 13 culture-positive patients had probable pseudobacteremia, an explanation that would account for the increase in isolates above the endemic level of true K. pneumoniae bacteremia in the hospital. Epidemiologic data suggested that cross-contamination of adjacent and non-adjacent blood culture vials on the radiometric blood culture analyzer was the cause of pseudobacteremia; K. pneumoniae serotyping data supported this hypothesis. A mock trial using the analyzer demonstrated that cross-contamination of non-adjacent vials by the sampling needles could occur. Changing the sampling needles of the analyzer daily, in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, prevented further episodes of pseudobacteremia from the analyzer. PMID- 7033160 TI - Interval therapy with L-tryptophan in severe chronic insomniacs. A predictive laboratory study. AB - Interval therapy is the concept of intermittent applications with drug-free intervals, based on the observation that in many cases L-tryptophan has the best effects on disturbed sleep during the drug-free interval after-short-term application. This concept was formulated as an experimental hypothesis to be tested in the sleep laboratory in a predictive, double-blind design, comparing a 4-night placebo period following repetitive 3 X 2 g L-tryptophan application with baseline. All patients, severe chronic insomniacs, 5 males and 3 females (mean age 38.4 years) improved significantly at the predefined level of 0.05. Analyses of the polygraphic recordings proved highly significant sleep improvements in the parameters that are indicators of insomnia. No side effects were seen. It can be concluded that the interval therapy with L-tryptophan is a potent treatment for chronic primary insomnia. PMID- 7033161 TI - [Should chronic active viral hepatitis be treated with drugs or not?]. PMID- 7033162 TI - [What is safe in the therapy of porphyrias?]. PMID- 7033163 TI - [Effects and critical use of laxatives]. PMID- 7033164 TI - [What is safe in the therapy of purulent meningitis?]. PMID- 7033165 TI - [Does emergency endoscopy effect the prognosis of acute hemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal tract?]. PMID- 7033167 TI - [The full enzyme determination of urea in the serum]. PMID- 7033168 TI - [What is presently safe in cholesterol gallstone dissolution? Short report on the result of the US-American Multicenter Study]. PMID- 7033166 TI - [Late chronic serous-constrictive pericarditis after radiotherapy of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7033169 TI - Amipaque (metrizamide) in vascular use and use in body cavities: a survey of the initial clinical trials. AB - A review of the initial 76 clinical trials with Amipaque in vascular radiology and in examinations of the body cavities, mostly performed in the Scandinavian countries, is given. The clinical material presented comprises a total of 2,661 Amipaque examinations, 1,784 examinations performed intravascularly and 515 in body cavities. In addition, 362 vascular examinations with Amipaque in children are presented. Generally, no difference in visualization compared to ionic media was found. However, improved visualization was reported in some few angiographic studies and higher contrast density was indicated in the urograms. Compared to ionic media, Amipaque caused considerably less subjective reactions and less hemodynamic effects. A remarkable reduction in post-phlebographic thrombosis following leg phlebography was found with Amipaque. No death related to Amipaque occurred, and few contrast medium reactions have been recorded. Thus, the good tolerability of the non-ionic Amipaque shown in animal studies has also been confirmed clinically outside the subarachnoid space. PMID- 7033170 TI - Antibiotic resistance of faecal coliforms in hospital and city sewage in Galway. PMID- 7033171 TI - Biographical sketches No. 8--Fleming. PMID- 7033172 TI - Preventive and biomechanical aspects of overdentures. PMID- 7033173 TI - Effects of drugs on salivary secretion and composition. PMID- 7033174 TI - Budgeting in the nursing services area: management control, political and witchcraft uses. AB - Budgeting traditionally has been viewed as a separate form of management control used in planning, coordinating and controlling organizational activity. However, budgeting may also serve as a political and witchcraft tool, particularly in organizations with dwindling resources. PMID- 7033175 TI - Goal setting in hospital departments. PMID- 7033176 TI - Physician-administrator decision making for high-technology purchases: a model approach. PMID- 7033177 TI - Viewpoint: Impact of graduate student community planning studies. PMID- 7033178 TI - Guidelines for change in health care organizations. AB - The following guidelines are derived from an empirical analysis of actual change cases experienced by middle managers in hospitals. The resulting insights assist practicing managers to make better decisions regarding planning, direction, power, participation and support when implementing changes in their work settings. PMID- 7033179 TI - Reacting to surprises: hospital strategy, structure and ideology. AB - A physicians' strike in San Francisco caused a severe environmental jolt to hospitals in the area. A look at the responses of three of those hospitals reveals striking differences among them regarding their market strategies, administrative structures and ideologies. An analysis of these differences can help administrators prepare for and cope with unpleasant surprises. PMID- 7033180 TI - [Mastocytosis and the gastrointestinal tract]. AB - Gastrointestinal symptoms frequently occur in patients with systemic mastocytosis. The gastrointestinal tract, liver, and spleen may be involved in this disease. In addition to investigations of our own in patients with mastocytosis, gastroenterologica manifestations from the literature are reviewed. PMID- 7033181 TI - [Determination of carcinoembryonal antigens in the blood of bullous and genetically determined skin diseases]. AB - It was reported that increased levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in blood were observed in patients with epidermolysis bullosa. We tested a group of total 82 patients with bullous dermatoses (bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus, epidermolysis bullosa, dermatitis herpetiformis), vesicular dermatoses (herpes simplex und zoster) as well as hereditary dermatoses (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, dyskeratosis follicularis). The CEA levels were all within the range of healthy control persons (10.3-42.1 ng/ml). Our patients do not support the suggestion that certain dermatoses cause an increased production of CEA-like substances. PMID- 7033182 TI - [Award of the Alfred Marchionine Gold Medal to Dr. Marion B. Sulzberger in New York on December 1980]. PMID- 7033183 TI - Elda E. Anderson Award presented to Troyce D. Jones. PMID- 7033184 TI - Radiation dose to bladder wall following the administration of 99mTc-microspheres and 99mTc-DTPA. PMID- 7033185 TI - Does health visiting have a history? PMID- 7033186 TI - Dispersed and compact chromatin demonstrated with a new EM method: phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin block-staining. AB - Glutaraldehyde/KMnO4 double fixation and phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) block-staining, before dehydration were found to reveal, with great detail and sharpness, the nuclear distribution of compact heterochromatin masses as electron lucent patches. By contrast the areas of decondensed and dispersed chromatin acquired a high electron density due to the binding of the large PTAH molecule to basic groups in the loosened chromatin network. The method was tested on human blood leukocytes, on the thymus gland from immature rats, containing mitotic figures, and on mature avian erythrocytes. The results indicated that each cell type acquires a specific pattern of electron densities in the nucleus which depends upon the relative amounts of compact and dispersed chromatin present in that nucleus. Since the tissues are stained in-block immediately after fixation, artifacts of stain localization, due to alcohol dehydration, are avoided. Thus, PTAH block-staining "translates" the state of aggregation of the chromatin into characteristic and specific density patterns of the nuclei. This method may prove useful in differentiating active from inactive portions of the genome, at the ultrastructural level. PMID- 7033187 TI - Cytochemical detection of proteases in synovial fluid of arthritic joints. AB - A cytochemical method can be used to detect neutral proteases in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN cells) in synovial fluid smears obtained from arthritic joints. Using this method, incubation of fixed smears in NaCl-borate buffer causes release of neutral PMN proteases, the enzymatic activity of which id documented in the degradation of exudate protein in ring-shaped areas centered around the neutrophils(halo effect). Such halo formation can also be detected around certain large mononuclear cells, as well as around very small particles - which may represent thrombocytes. Application of trypsin inhibitors and various antirheumatic agents causes concentration-dependent inhibition of halo formation. PMID- 7033188 TI - The distribution of renin in the different segments of the renal arterial tree: immunocytochemical investigation in the mouse kidney. AB - The intrarenal distribution of renin in the mouse kidney was evaluated in a semiquantitative immunocytochemical study using an antiserum against pure mouse renin and the PAP technique. The bulk of renin positive cells was found in the media of the afferent arteriole. When examining the geometry of renin distribution about 35% of the afferent vessels were seen to be renin positive only over a distance of 20 micrometer, about 60% over a distance of 30 micrometer. In the remaining afferent arterioles, renin was also found upstream over distances up to 100 or even 200 micrometers. These results are discussed with regard to the stimuli for renin secretion, especially the macula densa signal. - At the vascular pole of the glomerulus, virtually 100% of the afferent, and 20%-40% of the afferent arterioles were found to be renin positive at an antiserum dilution of 1:1,000. As some efferent vessels - especially those of the juxtamedullar region - show scattered activity occasionally over a distance of more than 100 micrometer, it is suggested that the figure of 20%-40% should be taken as a minimal count for renin positive efferent arterioles. - To compare the renin content of superficial and juxtamedullary, afferent and efferent arterioles in normal salt and salt depleted mice, the fraction of positive renin reactions close to the vascular pole was determined at antiserum concentrations of 10(-3), 10(-4), 2 X 10(-4) and 10(-5). By this semiquantitative immunocytochemical method the afferent arterioles of superficial glomeruli could be shown to contain significantly higher renin concentrations than those of juxtamedullar glomeruli. This result was in agreement with biochemical renin estimations in mouse kidney slices taken from cortical and juxtamedullar sites. Sodium deprivation was followed by only a slight elevation of the fraction of positive superficial afferent arterioles (confirmed by the biochemical data). In contrast, sodium deprivation induced a highly significant increase of the number of positive superficial efferent vessels. This result is discussed with regard to (controversial) reports on a preferential efferent vasoconstrictor tone sustained by angiotensin II especially under the condition of sodium depletion. Juxtamedullar vasa afferentia and efferentia did not respond significantly to sodium restriction. - The Goomaghtigh cell field was found to be renin negative in superficial as well as in juxtamedullar glomeruli both in normal salt and salt deprived mice. Inspecting nearly 5,000 glomeruli, only 5 clearly renin positive mesangial cells were seen close to the glomerular stalk. In contrast, renin positive media cells could not seldom be seen in interlobular arteries and at the point of their branching into afferent arterioles. PMID- 7033189 TI - Therapeutic drug monitoring experience using theophylline as a model. PMID- 7033190 TI - Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia following bone marrow transplantation: the relationship with total body irradiation. PMID- 7033191 TI - The separation of a mixture of bone marrow stem cells from tumor cells: an essential step for autologous bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7033192 TI - Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on canine ventricular function curves. AB - Recent observations have been interpreted to suggest altered ventricular function during ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), apart from the effect of reduced preload. We constructed ventricular function curves in 14 anesthetized dogs as PEEP was varied under closed- and open-chest conditions. The systemic venous flow of the animal was diverted through an external circuit so that blood return to the right atrium could be varied stepwise from 1--4.5 l/min before and after 15 cmH2O PEEP was applied to the airway. Pressures adjacent to the heart were measured with thin fluid-filled water sensors to enable estimation of transmural pressure. Alterations in ventricular function were assessed by comparing tangential slopes as well as the atrial pressure differences separating the curves at high and low stroke volumes. Sensitivity of this method to cardiac depression was demonstrated by similar comparisons made before and after propranolol. Curves using transmural pressure on and off PEEP were statistically indistinguishable. We conclude that hemodynamic changes resulting from PEEP are attributable to the combined effects of reduced preload and raised juxtacardiac pressure, without ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 7033193 TI - Adaptation of fat cells to exercise: response of glucose uptake and oxidation to insulin. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise training alters the sensitivity and responsiveness to insulin of glucose uptake and oxidation in fat cells. Female rats were exercised by swimming 6 h/day, 5 days/wk for 12 wk. The swimmers' fat cells were smaller than those of sedentary controls of the same age and similar body weight. A larger amount of insulin was specifically bound by fat cells of the trained rats because of an increase in the number of insulin receptors. The rates of 2-deoxyglucose uptake and of glucose oxidation were higher in fat cells of trained compared with sedentary rats at all insulin concentrations. A maximal insulin stimulus resulted in rates of sugar uptake and oxidation that were about sixfold higher in trained than in sedentary rats' fat cells. This greater responsiveness to insulin could not be explained by the increase in insulin binding but appears to be mediated by adaptation/s) at a step(s) beyond the binding of insulin to its receptors. Our findings suggest that fat cells of exercise-trained animals are adapted for rapid replenishment of energy stores. PMID- 7033194 TI - Plasmid-mediated carbencillin hydrolyzing beta-lactamases of Proteus mirabilis. PMID- 7033195 TI - Fasting plasma hormones and metabolites in feral and domestic newborn pigs. AB - Newborn Yorkshire and Ossabaw (feral) pigs were examined under thermoneutral conditions to determine whether survival rate during fasting differs between these breeds and whether any blood-borne factors are associated with improved survival. Newborn pigs were removed from the sow before suckling. Body composition was determined on 10 newborn Ossabaw and 12 newborn Yorkshire pigs. Another group of animals (eight Ossabaw, 12 Yorkshire) was fasted for 72 hr, with blood samples drawn at birth and 12 and 24 hr into fasting. Glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), growth hormone (GH), insulin, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), cortisol and glucagon concentrations were measured in plasma of fasted pigs. Concentrations of carcass lipid, dry matter and ash were higher in newborn Ossabaw pigs than in newborn Yorkshire pigs. Survival through 72 hr of fasting was lower among Yorkshire pigs. Yorkshire and Ossabaw pigs had similar concentrations of metabolites and hormones at birth, with the exceptions of lower plasma GH and higher T3 concentrations in Ossabaw pigs. Higher plasma T3 concentrations would indicate a greater potential for fatty acid oxidation. During fasting, Ossabaw pigs had lower plasma GH and T4 concentrations and higher glucagon and FFA concentrations. Increased survival among newborn Ossabaw pigs may have been due to increased availability of FFA during fasting, and to a greater potential for gluconeogenesis through increased oxidation of fatty acids and higher plasma glucagon concentrations. This would suggest that maternal treatments that would increase storage of fat and(or) increase the capacity for oxidation of fat in utero would improve survival of newborn pigs. PMID- 7033196 TI - Influence of intrajugular administration of insulin, glucagon and propionate on voluntary feed intake of sheep. AB - The effect of intrajugular injections of insulin, glucagon and propionate, administered singly and in combination, as possible peripheral feedbacks in the control of feed intake in wethers was studied. A complete mixed diet (25% chopped hay: 75% cracked corn) was fed ad libitum. The treatments were saline, 6 mU insulin/kg body weight (BW), 9 ng glucagon/kg BW and 1.3 mg propionate/kg BW. In Exp. 1, five wethers were given the treatments at the beginning of each spontaneous meal over a 24-hr period, and total daily feed intakes were measured. The average number of injections per sheep for a 24-hr period was eight. In Exp. 2, the effects of the treatments on plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon, propionate and glucose at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after injection were measured in six other wethers. In Exp. 1, insulin (P less than .01), glucagon (P less than .01), insulin plus propionate (P less than .05) and glucagon plus propionate (P less than .05) decreased 24-hr feed intake by 18.5, 15.8, 11.0 and 11.8%, respectively, compared to the saline control. In Exp. 2, plasma insulin concentrations were increased (P less than .05) at 15 min after administration of insulin and insulin plus propionate, to 2.0 and 2.1 times the preinjection levels, respectively. Glucagon concentrations in plasma were increased (P less than .01) at 15 min after the injection of glucagon, to 2.0 times the pretreatment values. Insulin and glucagon concentrations in plasma were increased only slightly (P less than .10) after administration of glucagon plus propionate. No treatments affected glucose or propionate concentrations in the plasma. Increases in plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon and propionate may interact directly or initiate other mechanisms involved in the short-term control of feed intake by sheep on a concentrate diet. PMID- 7033197 TI - Aspects of in vitro fertilization and embryo culture in domestic animals. PMID- 7033198 TI - Diminution of the in vitro response to luteinizing hormone by corpora lutea induced by gonadotropin releasing hormone treatment of postpartum suckled beef cows. PMID- 7033199 TI - Regrowth of Escherichia coli after brief exposure to different concentrations of ampicillin and azlocillin. PMID- 7033200 TI - Bacampicillin twice daily in acute maxillary sinusitis: an alternative dosage regimen. PMID- 7033201 TI - Comparison of three different doses of bacampicillin given twice daily to patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in a clinical dose response study. PMID- 7033202 TI - Twice daily dosage of bacampicillin: a summary of clinical documentation. PMID- 7033203 TI - Phosphate exchange in the pit transport system in Escherichia coli. AB - The Pit system of phosphate transport in Escherichia coli catalyzes a rapid exchange between the external inorganic phosphate and internal phosphate pools, including some ester phosphates which are in rapid equilibrium with the internal Pi pool. Unlike net energized uptake, the Pi exchange proceeds in energy-depleted cells in the presence of uncouplers and is not accompanied by the movement of potassium ions. In the absence of externally added phosphate, the exit of Pi from the cells is insignificant. The apparent Km for external Pi in the exchange reaction is about 7 mM (2 orders of magnitude higher than that of energized uptake), but the maximal velocity is about the same. The exchange is temperature sensitive and is affected by thiol reagents. The combined observations suggest the operation of a facilitator which is part of the Pit system. The exchange is repressed in cells grown on glucose and other phosphotransferase system substrates, but not in cells grown on other carbohydrate sources. The repression can be reversed by the addition of cyclic AMP to the medium. PMID- 7033204 TI - Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli K-12 of the genes for major outer membrane protein OmpA from Shigella dysenteriae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Serratia marcescens. AB - The outer membranes of many gram-negative bacteria contain a major heat modifiable protein which shows serological cross-reactivity with the OmpA protein of Escherichia coli K-12. Using the cloned gene for the E. coli K12 protein as a DNA-DNA hybridization probe, we were able to identify the corresponding genes from Shigella dysenteriae. Enterobacter aerogenes, and Serratia marcescens. These were cloned in a phage lambda vector, and their expression in E. coli K-12 was studied. All three OmpA proteins were fully produced and correctly exported to the outer membrane. In several cases, complete or partial restoration of known function of the E. coli K-12 protein was observed. PMID- 7033205 TI - Relationship between the OmpC and LamB proteins of Escherichia coli and its influence on the protein mass of the outer membrane. AB - Cultures of Escherichia coli K-12 which possessed varied amounts of the LamB protein were found to contain reduced amounts of the OmpC protein. This process was regulated in part at the level of transcription. However, additional controls were inferred from anomalously high levels of the OmpC protein present at low levels of the LamB protein. Both proteins were present at increased levels, and this led to an increase in the total outer membrane protein mass per cell. The absolute amount of outer membrane protein per cell was found not to be a constant as had been tacitly assumed. PMID- 7033206 TI - Regulation of fatty acid composition in Escherichia coli: a proposed common mechanism for changes induced by ethanol, chaotropic agents, and a reduction of growth temperature. AB - Growth of Escherichia coli in the presence of ethanol and chaotropic salts resulted in the synthesis of lipids containing elevated levels of unsaturated fatty acids analogous to the effect of a reduction in growth temperature. Both ethanol and chaotropic agents acted at the level of fatty acid biosynthesis and altered lipid composition by decreasing the proportion of saturated acyl chains available for the synthesis of phospholipids. A reduction in temperature causes similar effects on fatty acid biosynthesis in vivo and in vitro. Ethanol, chaotropic salts, and a decrease in temperature all weaken hydrophobic interactions. Antichaotropic salts antagonized and effects of these treatments on fatty acid synthesis in vitro. These results are consistent with a common mechanism for the effects of chaotropic agents, temperature, and ethanol on fatty acid synthesis. The biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated acyl chains may be regulated by the strength of hydrophobic interactions. Changes in the strength of hydrophobic interactions could alter enzyme structure, substrate structure, or the equilibrium between the soluble enzymes of fatty acid synthesis and their respective acyl carrier protein substrates. PMID- 7033207 TI - Genetic regulation of the glyoxylate shunt in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The expression of the glyoxylate shunt enzymes is required for growth of Escherichia coli on acetate or fatty acids as a sole carbon source. The genes for the two unique enzymes of the glyoxylate shunt, aceA and aceB, are located at 90 min on the E. coli K-12 genetic map. Polar mutations in the aceB gene eliminate aceA gene function, suggesting that these genes constitute an operon and the direction of transcription is from aceB to aceA. Mu d (Ap lac) fusions with the aceA gene have been constructed to study the regulation of the ace operon. Expression of the ace operon is under the transcriptional control of two genes: the iclR gene, which maps near the ace operon, and the fadR gene, which maps at 25 min, and is also involved in the regulation of the fatty acid degradation (fad) regulon. Merodiploid studies demonstrated that both the iclR and fadR genes regulate the glyoxylate shunt in a trans-dominant manner. PMID- 7033208 TI - Kinetic evaluation, using 13N, reveals two assimilatory nitrate transport systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - A kinetic evaluation of initial rates of nitrate transport at concentrations between 1 microM and 1 mM indicated the presence of two transport processes. Analysis of the contribution of each process to the total activity permitted the determination of kinetic constants (Km) of 4.9 microM and 4.2 mM for the high-and low-affinity systems, respectively. The ratio of the maximal velocity of the high affinity system to that of an apparent low-affinity system was about 0.3. Both systems were inhibited by the presence of NH4+ in the transport assay. Growth in the presence of equimolar NO3- and NH4+ repressed the synthesis of both systems when compared with growth in NO3- alone. PMID- 7033209 TI - Transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid by Streptococcus pyogenes and its derived L-form. AB - We studied the uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) in Streptococcus pyogenes and its physiologically isotonic L-form. S. pyogenes cells starved for glucose or treated with carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone accumulated limited amounts of AIB. A high apparent K(m) value characterized the glucose independent transport of AIB. The rate and extent of AIB accumulation significantly increased in the presence of glucose. Two saturable transport components with distinct apparent K(m) values characterized glycolysis-coupled transport of AIB. A biphasic Lineweaver-Burk plot was also obtained for l-alanine transport by glycolyzing S. pyogenes cells. AIB seems to share a common transport system(s) with glycine, l- and d-alanine, l-serine, and l-valine. This was shown by the competitive inhibition of AIB uptake by these compounds and their ability to induce competitive exchange efflux of accumulated AIB. About 30% of the AIB uptake was not inhibited by a saturating amount of l-valine, indicating the existence of more than one system for AIB transport. p-Chloromercuribenzoate markedly inhibited the accumulation of AIB by both glycolyzing and glucose starved cells. In contrast, carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone affected only metabolism-dependent uptake of AIB, which was also sensitive to dinitrophenol, N-ethylmaleimide, iodoacetate, fluoride (NaF), arsenate, and N,N' dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. These results are interpreted according to the chemiosmotic theory of Mitchell, whereby a proton motive force constitutes the driving force for AIB accumulation. AIB was not accumulated by the L-form. However, a temporary accumulation of AIB by a counterflow mechanism and a saturable system with a low apparent affinity were demonstrated for AIB transport by this organism. We suggest that a deficiency in the coupling of energy to AIB transport is responsible for the apparent lack of active AIB accumulation by the L-form. PMID- 7033210 TI - Carbon monoxide metabolism of the methylotrophic acidogen Butyribacterium methylotrophicum. AB - The Marburg strain of Butyribacterium methylotrophicum did not grow on CO alone but did consume CO during growth on a variety of substrates in the presence of a 100% CO gas phase. We selected a strain (the CO strain) that grew vigorously on CO alone. The ability of the CO strain to grow on CO was stable through multiple transfers in the absence of CO. CO dehydrogenase activity was lower in the CO strain grown on CO (13.3 micromol/min per mg of protein) than in the Marburg strain grown on methanol-acetate (47.2 mumol/min per mg of protein); thus, the levels of this enzyme did not explain the growth on CO. CO was dissimilated to acetate and CO2 with the following stoichiometry: 4 CO leads to 2.17 CO2 + 0.74 acetate. We observed a growth rate of 0.05 h-1, a final optical density at 660 nm of 0.8, and a cell yield of 3.0 g of cells per mol of CO during growth of the CO strain. Growing cultures of the CO strain displayed a Ks for CO of 28 to 56 microM. The apparent thermodynamic efficiency of cell synthesis from CO was 57%. Energetic and biochemical aspects of CO metabolism are described. PMID- 7033211 TI - DNA sequence fine-structure analysis of ilvG (IlvG+) mutations of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Six ilvG (IlvG+) mutations of Escherichia coli K-12 were transferred to recombinant plasmids, and the DNA sequence of each mutation was determined. This analysis confirmed that expression of the ilvG gene product (acetohydroxy acid synthase II) requires the deletion of a single base pair or the addition of two base pairs within ilvG to displace a frameshift site present in wild-type E. coli K-12. This system should be useful in the analysis of potential frameshift mutagens. PMID- 7033212 TI - Fragmentation of colicins A and E1 by cell surface proteases. AB - Interaction of either colicin A or E1 with the surface of Escherichia coli cells resulted in extensive cleavage of the colicins into many peptide fragments in the molecular weight range of 10,000 to 30,000 released into the supernatants of colicin-cell mixtures. The protease inhibitor P-aminobenzamidine inhibited the cleavage of colicin A and enhanced colicin killing activity, suggesting that proteolysis is not required for the killing action of colicin. Fragments derived from the supernatants of the mixtures were inactive against sensitive cells. Proteolytic activity against both colicins was localized primarily in the outer membrane fraction of the cell envelope. At least two distinct protease activities appear to be present. Examination of the patterns of cleavage and inactivation of the colicins by a series of resistant mutants indicates that specific colicin receptors play no essential role in colicin proteolysis. In addition, evidence is presented that adsorption of colicin to specific receptors is a reversible process. PMID- 7033213 TI - The mistaken identity of colicin A. AB - In a series of published articles, colicin A has been mistakenly labeled as colicin K. PMID- 7033214 TI - Acetohydroxy acid synthase is a target for leucine containing peptide toxicity in Escherichia coli. AB - Acetohydroxy acid synthase from a mutant resistant to leucine-containing peptides was insensitive to leucine inhibition. It is concluded that acetohydroxy acid synthase is a target for the toxicity of the high concentrations of leucine brought into Escherichia coli K-12 by leucine-containing peptides. PMID- 7033215 TI - Genetic recombination in Nocardia asteroides. AB - Gene recombination between strains of Nocardia asteroides of diverse origins has been demonstrated. In particular pairwise combinations, recombinants made up 0.01% of the population. All nine selectable recombinant classes were recovered from a cross KK4-47 his-10 leu-1 and KK6-119 met-3 phe-3. Recombinants with an auxotrophic marker from each parent constitute 21% of the recombinants. PMID- 7033216 TI - Identification and localization of two membrane-bound esterases from Escherichia coli. AB - Hydrolytic activities of isolated membrane fractions of Escherichia coli against chromogenic substrates, p-nitrophenyl ester and beta-naphthyl ester derivatives of N-substituted amino acids, were investigated by spectrophotometric and electrophoretic methods. Although detergents were absolutely necessary for the solubilization of enzymes, the amount of solubilized activities was increased by adding salt, such as NaCl or KCl. Two esterases were identified and separated by PAGE and by chromatography of the solubilized proteins in the presence of detergent. One hydrolyzed the alanine derivatives preferentially, whereas the other was mainly active on phenylalanine derivatives. Only the first was inactivated by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, a serine hydrolase inhibitor. Whereas the chymotrypsin-like enzyme was equally distributed between the inner and the outer membrane, the alanine activity was only detected in the inner membrane. They were both resistant to extraction with high salt concentrations, indicating their integral association with membranes. A study of the accessibility of these enzymes to their substrate in membrane vesicles with known polarity suggests that both alanine and phenylalanine activities are localized near the external surface of the cytoplasmic (inner) membrane. However, the phenylalanine activity (chymotrypsin-like enzyme) appears to be deeply buried inside the outer membrane. Because of its insensitivity to diisopropyl fluorophosphate, this last esterase seems to be distinct from the previously isolated periplasmic endopeptidase, protease I, which is also a chymotrypsin-like enzyme. PMID- 7033217 TI - The fate of the hydrogens of phosphoenolpyruvate in the reaction catalyzed by 5 enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase. Isotope effects and isotope exchange. AB - The condensation reaction of phosphoenolpyruvate and shikimate 3-phosphate catalyzed by 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase is thought to proceed by an addition-elimination mechanism in which C-3 of phosphoenolpyruvate transiently becomes a methyl group in the enzyme-bound intermediate. Results obtained from reactions conducted in H2O, 2H2O, and 3H2O, using unlabeled, [3-2H2]-, or [3 3H,2H]phosphoenolpyruvate, are consistent with the addition-elimination pathway and show that the transient methyl group rotates rapidly. There is substantial discrimination against heavy hydrogen isotopes in both the protonation and deprotonation steps. These results demonstrate the feasibility of determining the stereochemical course of the synthase reaction. PMID- 7033218 TI - L-Aspartate oxidase, a newly discovered enzyme of Escherichia coli, is the B protein of quinolinate synthetase. AB - In Escherichia coli, quinolinic acid, a precursor of NAD+, is synthesized from L aspartate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. This synthesis requires two enzymes, a FAD-containing "B protein" and an "A protein." The B protein has been purified 500-fold from E. coli cells. The enzyme behaves as an L-aspartate oxidase. In the absence of A protein, it converts L-aspartate to oxaloacetate. To our knowledge, no enzyme with this activity has been described previously. The enzyme displays some unusual properties. In its role as B protein in quinolinic acid synthetase, product formation (quinolinic acid) is linear with protein concentration; however, when it functions as an L-aspartate oxidase, product formation (oxaloacetate) is a parabolic function of protein concentration. The L-aspartate oxidase activity also shows marked substrate activation at substrate concentrations above 1.0 mM. The L-aspartate oxidase and B protein activities of the enzyme are inhibited by NAD+, which is competitive with FAD. The immediate reaction product of the enzyme has the same characteristics (rate of decay to oxaloacetate, and condensation with dihydroxyacetone phosphate to form quinolinate) as the unstable reaction product (iminoaspartate) formed from D aspartate oxidase. A reaction mechanism for the A protein-catalyzed condensation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and iminoaspartate to form quinolinate is presented. PMID- 7033219 TI - Repair of mitochondrial DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Induction of cytoplasmic petite mutants in a nuclear mutant exhibiting thermosensitive mitochondrial deoxyribonuclease activity. AB - Four nuclear thermosensitive mutants have been obtained in which induction of up 100% cytoplasmic petite mutants (rho-) is observed upon cell incubation at 36 degrees C. For a given incubation time at 36 degrees C, the percentage of rho- is increased by preliminary gamma-ray irradiation. Under these conditions, the induction of rho- is a linear function of the irradiation dose. The retention of genetic information by rho- and of mitochondrial DNA synthesis in vivo and in vitro exclude that the mutants are deficient in the replication of mitochondrial DNA. The degradation of mitochondrial DNA labeled with [3H]dTTP in isolated mitochondria, has been monitored at 26 degrees C and at 36 degrees C after addition of 0.5% Triton X-100 in the presence or in the absence of ethidium bromide. In assays carried out at 26 degrees C, the degradation of mitochondrial DNA is similar in the parental strain and in the mutant gamma s rho 2. However, at 36 degrees C, the degradation of mitochondrial DNA is slower in the mutant. We have shown that a mitochondrial membrane deoxyribonuclease acting on double stranded DNA at acid pH is thermosensitive in the mutant. Analysis of the meiotic segregants of a tetrad issued from the cross of the mutant with an isogenic parental strain shows co-segregation of rho- induction and of nuclease thermosensitivity in a 2:2 Mendelian pattern. These results suggest that a mitochondrial deoxyribonuclease is involved in the repair of damages caused to mitochondrial DNA by elevated temperature and by x-rays. PMID- 7033220 TI - Genetic evidence for a role of hexokinase isozyme PII in carbon catabolite repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that was selected for resistance to carbon catabolite repression also had reduced hexokinase activity. Hexokinase isoenzymes were purified from mutant and wild type cells. The specific glucokinase and hexokinase isozyme PI were present at normal levels in mutant and wild type, but no hexokinase isozyme PII activity was detected in the mutant. Staining for enzyme activity after electrophoresis of crude extracts also indicated that hexokinase PII was absent in the mutant. Mutant and wild type segregants gained by tetrad analysis were investigated electrophoretically. Staining for enzyme activity confirmed that catalytically inactive hexokinase PII and the defect in carbon catabolite repression always co-segregated. The results support the hypothesis that hexokinase PII might mediate carbon catabolite repression. PMID- 7033221 TI - Structure of the insulin receptor of the cultured human lymphoblastoid cell IM-9. Evidence suggesting that two subunits are required for insulin binding. PMID- 7033222 TI - Peptide mapping of peroxisomal catalase and its precursor. Comparison to the primary wheat germ translation product. AB - To investigate possible structural modifications of catalase during its biogenesis and packaging into peroxisomes, we have labeled three species of catalase with [35S]methionine: the wheat germ cell-free translation product, the extraperoxisomal precursor made in vivo in rat liver, and mature peroxisomal catalase. These three species have identical mobilities in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels, when analyzed separately or in mixtures. Tryptic digestion yields 10 [35S]Met-labeled peptides from each, which are indistinguishable when mapped in two dimensions by electrophoresis and chromatography. Partial proteolyses of the three species in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels yielded identical fragmentation patterns. The primary translation product of catalase was labeled with formyl[35S] methionine; its size was indistinguishable from the subunit of mature catalase. Its radioactivity appeared in dansyl methionine if and only if it was deformylated prior to dansylation. These results demonstrate that within the limits of the methods, catalase undergoes no covalent modification during its uptake into peroxisomes and its subsequent maturation to a tetrameric hemoprotein. PMID- 7033223 TI - Genotypic characterization and clinical evaluation of the attenuated A/California/10/78 (H1N1) recombinant strain RIT 4265. PMID- 7033224 TI - Molecular size characterization of bacterial capsular polysaccharide vaccines with Sepharose CL-2B. PMID- 7033225 TI - Medicine and the media--vaccination against whooping cough. PMID- 7033226 TI - Clinical evaluation of a new live measles vaccine derived in chick chorioallantoic membranes. PMID- 7033227 TI - Determining amputation levels in peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 7033228 TI - Current Concepts Review: patellar pain. PMID- 7033229 TI - Anterior stabilization for acute fractures and non-unions of the dens. AB - The dens can be reached and directly stabilized from an anterior cervical approach, provided that x-ray image intensification is employed. Through this approach, twelve delayed unions and non-unions of the dens were treated with a bone graft impacted into a trough in the body of the second cervical vertebra and into a canal in the dens, together with a concomitant posterior arthrodesis. Fifteen additional fractures of the dens were stabilized with compression screws, introduced from the anteroinferior margin of the second cervical vertebra into the dens. Four of these fractures had delayed union, and an anterior onlay bone graft was added to the screw fixation. All of the delayed unions, non-unions, and acute fractures healed with bone union and without major complications. The acute fractures showed bone union in six to eight weeks after anterior fixation with compression screws alone. Delayed unions were found to need an anterior onlay bone graft in addition to the screw fixation. Established non-unions should be stabilized with a posterior arthrodesis of the first to the second cervical vertebra and inlay grafting of the non union itself to ensure both anterior and posterior healing. PMID- 7033230 TI - The measurement of proteoglycan in the mineralizing region of the rat growth plate. AB - Using a recently developed technique for measuring proteoglycan by x-ray microprobe analysis, we examined six-week-old rat growth plates. In the proliferating zone, the proteoglycan concentration was found to be relatively low in the transverse septa, but somewhat higher in the longitudinal septa between the proliferating chondrocytes. In the lower hypertropic zone, in the region of the degenerating hypertrophic chondrocytes, the immediate pericellular area had a very high concentration of proteoglycan, as was obtained. These results indicate that either proteoglycan concentrations fall to very low levels in fully mineralized cartilage, or that the mineralization of cartilage interferes in some way with the measurement of microprobe signals from proteoglycans. We speculate that high levels of proteoglycan are necessary for mineralization in the epiphysis of the rat. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The spot-to-spot analysis of proteoglycan by microprobe demonstrates the usefulness of this tool in analyzing minute volumes of cartilage for proteoglycan. It further demonstrates that mineralization of growth-plate cartilage is associated with changing patterns of concentration of proteoglycan. These normal patterns may constitute a basis for comparison in similarly evaluating concentrations of proteoglycan in diseases of growth disturbance. PMID- 7033231 TI - The treatment of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee by high tibial osteotomy with and without bone-grafting or drilling of the lesion. AB - High tibial osteotomy to correct a varus or valgus deformity was performed on thirty-seven knees (thirty-six patients) with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle (thirty-five medial and two lateral). Drilling or bone-grafting of the necrotic lesion was done concomitantly with the osteotomy in twenty-three knees. Follow-up periods ranged from two years to eight years and six months. Preoperative pain was relieved and walking ability was improved in thirty-five knees. The clinical results, as rated by a knee score, were better in those knees with osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle and a postoperative femorotibial angle (as measured on a standing roentgenogram) ranging from 164 to 173 degrees (7 to 16 degrees of valgus angulation). Postoperatively in seventeen knees. Roentgenographic improvement was greater in those knees in which tibial osteotomy was performed concomitantly with bone-grafting or drilling. Postoperative arthrotomy in eight knees showed that the necrotic lesion was covered with a white layer of fibrocartilage in three of the four knees that had had osteotomy more than one and one-half years previously. PMID- 7033232 TI - The surgical treatment of atherosclerotic occlusion of the innominate and subclavian arteries. Personal experience with longterm follow-up. AB - Among 78 patients operated on for occlusive disease of the supraaortic trunks in the period 1970-78, 34 patients who underwent carotid-subclavian bypass (64.7%), aortocarotid bypass (17.6%), endarterectomy of subclavian artery (5.8%) or endarterectomy of innominate artery, had follow-up studies of 3-10 years after surgery. All patients demonstrated originally a differential in systolic blood pressure in the upper extremities. The surgical indications were posed on the basis of neurologic symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency and the angiographic evidence of "subclavian" (79.4%) or "innominate" (20.6%) steal. Carotid-subclavian bypass has been the preferred surgical treatment technique in patients with "subclavian steal". This operation is indicated also in nearly asymptomatic patients in order to prevent the natural history of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. In our experience, operative risk in carotid-subclavian bypass is not present, unless an associated lesion of carotid bifurcation exists, which needs an endarterectomy with patch-graft angioplasty. Longterm results are considered satisfactory in surgically treated patients. PMID- 7033233 TI - Pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass. A review. AB - Pulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass has recently been introduced into clinical practice. In this paper the experimental basis for the superiority of pulsatile perfusion is reviewed. In particular, the haemodynamic and metabolic superiority of pulsatile perfusion is outlined. In addition, more practical aspects of pulsatile pump systems are discussed. The mechanism of pulsatile flow generation and the type of arterial wave form produced, are considered in relation to the pulsatile systems presently available for clinical use. Studies on haemolysis during pulsatile perfusion are also discussed and the overall suitability of current systems for routine clinical use is assessed. The author concludes that presently available pulsatile pump systems may confidently be incorporated into routine open-heart surgical practice without compromising the reliability or the safety of the perfusion credit. PMID- 7033234 TI - Introduction: recollections on the beginnings of the Journal of Cell Biology. PMID- 7033235 TI - Cell division and the mitotic spindle. PMID- 7033236 TI - Motility. PMID- 7033237 TI - Striated muscle-contractile and control mechanisms. PMID- 7033238 TI - Membrane structure. PMID- 7033239 TI - Mitochondria: a historical review. PMID- 7033240 TI - Microbodies: peroxisomes and glyoxysomes. PMID- 7033241 TI - A short history of tissue fractionation. PMID- 7033242 TI - Chromosome structure and the C-value paradox. PMID- 7033243 TI - The nuclear envelope and the architecture of the nuclear periphery. PMID- 7033244 TI - Ribosomes and protein synthesis. PMID- 7033245 TI - The discovery of lysosomes. PMID- 7033246 TI - The Golgi apparatus (complex)-(1954-1981)-from artifact to center stage. PMID- 7033247 TI - Anomalous preferences of cultured macrophages for hydrophobic and roughened substrata. AB - Peritoneal macrophages were plated out on a series of artificial haptotactic substrata consisting of grid patterns of vacuum-evaporated palladium metal alternating with hydrophobic untreated polystyrene and with hydrophilic sulphonated polystyrene. By their active locomotion the macrophages accumulated preferentially onto the less hydrophilic of either pair of these alternative substrata. This order of substratum preference is precisely the opposite to that shown by fibroblastic cells. Macrophages were also found to accumulate preferentially onto roughened culture surfaces as opposed to smooth ones, which is again opposite to the behaviour of fibroblasts. These opposite substratum preferences shown by macrophages may reflect physical as well as functional differences in their surfaces, and could serve as assay criteria for macrophages and cell types putatively equivalent to macrophages. PMID- 7033248 TI - Fine structure and behaviour of a pericentric inversion in the sand rat, Psammomys obesus. AB - In pachytene spermatocytes of the sand rat, Psammomys obesus, a long autosomal bivalent was observed, which was asynaptic for a large interstitial segment of its length in early pachytene. This bivalent also exhibited unaligned kinetochores. In late pachytene spermatocytes all autosomal bivalents were fully synapsed, but one of the shortest bivalents now possessed unaligned kinetochores. Evidence is presented in support of the proposition that the asynaptic interstitial region observed in early pachytene is due to the bivalent being heterozygous for a pericentric inversion. Using the maximum extent of homologous pairing, the break points were mapped at 26% from one end and 20% from the other. The unaligned kinetochores support the proposal that the aberration is an inversion and measurements of their positions confirm the estimated break points. In one cell a bivalent with interstitial (but no terminal) synapsis also confirms the inversion hypothesis. It is proposed that the bivalent is so small that topological considerations prevent the formation of the expected inversion loop. Evidence is also presented that complete synapsis of the bivalent during late pachytene can be attributed so 'synaptic adjustment', characterized by non homologous synapsis (heterosynapsis). The position of the aberrant bivalent in relation to the sex chromosomes also changes during pachytene. When the bivalent is incompletely synapsed it generally associates by its ends with the ends of the sex chromosomes, but when it is non-changes during pachytene. When the bivalent is incompletely synapsed it generally associates by its ends with the ends of the sex chromosomes, but when it is non-homologously synapsed it is not associated with them. PMID- 7033249 TI - Immunofluorescent histological studies of the role of fibronectin in the expression of the associative preferences of embryonic tissues. AB - The identity of the chemical factors controlling the spreading behaviour of sheets of cells was examined in organ culture. When aggregates of two dissimilar tissues are apposed in organ culture, one tissue spreads reproducibly over the surface of the second. The present study employed indirect immunofluorescent localization techniques to evaluate the hypothesis that the spreading behaviour of chick embryonic heart tissue in culture is dominated by the presence or absence of the cell-surface and extracellular matrix protein fibronectin in the surface layers of the aggregates. Specifically, the hypothesis proposes that aggregates that display surface fibronectin earlier after culturing and/or in higher quantities segregate internally to aggregates that are slower to develop a surface layer of fibronectin or in which this layer contains reduced amounts of fibronectin. The hypothesis has been supported for 3 categories of behaviour of chick embryo heart tissue: (1) myocyte aggregates spread over myocyte aggregates containing a 20% admixture of heart fibroblasts, which in turn spread over heart fibroblast aggregates; (2) 5-day embryonic ventricle-tissue fragments maintained in culture for 0.5 days spread over ventricle fragments cultured for 2.5 days; and (3) 2-day embryonic ventricle spreads over 5-day ventricle. In all these situations, the aggregate type that segregates to an internal position displays more fibronectin at its surface than aggregate types that spread to occupy an external position. Evidence is presented that the fibronectin in heart tissue aggregates is elaborated by heart fibroblasts. PMID- 7033250 TI - Reconstruction of complexes of histone and superhelical nuclear DNA. AB - When HeLa cells are lysed in solutions containing a non-ionic detergent and 2 M NaCl, structures are released that retain many of the morphological features of nuclei. These nucleoids contain all the nuclear RNA and DNA but few of the proteins characteristic of chromatin. Their DNA is supercoiled and so intact. Using a simple and rapid procedure we have reconstructed nucleohistone complexes from nucleoids and the 'core' histones without breaking the DNA. We have probed the integrity and structure of the reconstructed complexes using a non destructive fluorometric approach, which provides a general method for detecting agents that bind to DNA and alter its supercoiling. The superhelical status of the DNA in the reconstructed complexes is indistinguishable from that found in control nucleoids containing core histones. Experiments with micrococcal nuclease confirm that the DNA in the reconstructed complexes is organized into nucleosome like structures. These, however, are spaced 145 base-pairs apart and not 200 base pairs apart as is found in native chromatin. PMID- 7033251 TI - Fibonectin is a component of the surface coat of human neutrophils. AB - Although adherence to surfaces is central to neutrophil function many of the determinants of neutrophil adherence are still unknown. The possible involvement of cell surface material, fibronectin in particular, was therefore studied. Surface coat material was visualized ultrastructurally by the ferrocyanide- reduced osmium technique of Karnovsky (1971). Loosely attached surface coat material was seen distributed uniformly on cells in suspension. Indirect immunofluorescence indicated the presence of fibronectin on the neutrophil surface. Distribution of fibronectin as determined by indirect immunoferritin localization corresponded with the distribution of cell coat material. Some, if not all, of this fibronectin was synthesized by neutrophils themselves since metabolically labelled fibronectin could be obtained by immunoprecipitation after short-term culture with [36S]methionine. Neutrophils also adhere to Sepharose beads to which gelatin is covalently linked (GS) but not to plain Sepharose beads (PS). In the process they transfer surface coat material to GS but not PS. Similar transfer was seen when cells were permitted to adhere to glass or plastic coverslips. Indirect immunofluorescence showed that fibronectin-containing material was transferred from neutrophils to GS but not PS. Parallel studies with antisera to 2 other plasma proteins, factor VIIIR and alpha 1-antitrypsin showed that neutrophils did not transfer these to either GS or PS beads. The data suggest that material antigenically and functionally related to fibronectin is associated with the extracellular coat of neutrophils and is transferred with cell surface material to surfaces to which neutrophils adhere. PMID- 7033253 TI - Variability in individual cell cycles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The kinetics of cell proliferation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied at 4 growth rates using time-lapse cinephotomicrography. Cells were grown on media with a high refractive index to reveal greater intracellular detail under the phase-contrast microscope. The morphological cell-cycle events scored were: bud emergence, nuclear migration, nuclear division, onset of cytokinesis and cell separation. Cell size was measured at cell separation and at bud emergence. The daughter-cycle time was always longer than the parent-cycle time mainly due to the large difference in the lengths of the unbudded phases. Parent cells had a shorter budded period than daughter cells. The large variance in daughter-cycle times was accounted for by the large variance in the lengths of the unbudded phase of daughter cells. The duration and variability of the periods in the cyclc from nuclear migration onwards were equivalent for parent and daughter cells. Daughter cells were always smaller than parent cells at division. There was wide variation in cell size at both division and bud emergence. The results indicated that a modified deterministic model could best explain cell proliferation kinetics in yeast. The data were used to evaluate 2 different models. The 'sloppy size control' model of Wheals (1981 a) was more consistent with the data than the 'tandem' model of Shilo, Shilo & Simchen (1976). The distribution of unbudded periods of daughter cells suggested that there was an additional incompressible period not present in parent cells. PMID- 7033252 TI - The role of the cytoskeleton in the motility of coccidian sporozoites. AB - The sporozoites of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina show bending, pivoting and gliding motility. All these types of motility occur intermittently and with decreasing frequency during the life of a sporozoite. Gliding is the only locomotive action expressed by these sporozoites and is only seen when the sporozoites are in contact with the substratum. All gliding sporozoites adopt a set pattern of body 'attitudes', which suggests that locomotion involves a fixed body shape. The microtubule inhibitors, colchicine, griseofulvin, vinblastine sulphate and nocodazole, have no effect on sporozoite motility. Ultrastructural examination reveals, in addition, that they have no effect on the subpellicular microtubules. The microfilament inhibitor, cytochalasin B, completely, and reversibly, inhibits pivoting and gliding but bending is only slightly depressed by the drug. High magnesium ion concentration inhibits all motility completely. The cell membrane was readily labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated cationized ferritin, the label was rapidly capped and shed from the posterior of the sporozoite. This capping reaction takes place only during sporozoite locomotion. The membrane label was seen to 'move' backwards realtive to the sporozoite at the same rate as the sporozoite moved forwards relative to the substratum. The substratum and the leading edge of the cap remained static relative to each other. Both capping and locomotion are sensitive to low temperature and cytochalasin B. From these results a theory of sporozoite motility is postulated. The sporozoites adhere to the substratum by surface ligands. This ligand/substratum complex is then capped along the fixed spiral of the sporozoite body by a microfilament-based contractile system. This proposed model for motility of coccidia sporozoites is consistent with all current observations on cell invasion by the sporozoa and therefore suggests that locomotion is an integral component of host cell invasion in this group of parasites. PMID- 7033254 TI - Expression of intermediate filaments in cultured cells. PMID- 7033255 TI - BS I-B4 isolectin as a probe for an investigation of membrane alterations and transformation phenotypes of mouse L cells. AB - BS I-B4, an alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-binding isolectin from Bandeiraea simplicifolia seeds, was found to interact differently with transformed mouse L cells and non-transformed mouse 3T3 cells. The lectin induces detachment of 3T3 cells but increases adhesiveness and clustering of L cells. However, the induced cell aggregation does not lead to cell fusion. A variant clone of L cells, resistant to BS I-B4, which had lost the capacity for agglutination in the presence of the lectin, was isolated. Fluorescence binding studies of this variant suggest a lesion involving alpha and beta-D-galactopyranosyl units on its cell-surface structures. Although the variant cells form colonies in a methylcellulose medium, they do not produce tumours, as do the parental cells, when transplanted in athymic nude mice. The results demonstrate that alterations in cell membrane glyco-conjugates play an important role in tumourigenesis of animal cells, but anchorage-independent growth in vitro, as one of the transformation phenotypes, cannot be correlated absolutely with tumourigenicity in vivo. PMID- 7033256 TI - Contact-induced spreading in cultures of corneal epithelial cells. PMID- 7033257 TI - Specific rosette formation between fibroblasts and erythrocytes. AB - Fibroblast cells (BHK-21, Swiss 3T3, SV403T3, L929) will form rosettes by binding to erythrocytes of specific types. The specificity of binding varies with the cell line. Monolayer cultures of spread baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells also bind erythrocytes with the same specificity exhibited by suspended cells. Our studies have concentrated on rosette formation between trypsinzed-ox (TOx) erythrocytes and BHK cells. Extensive protease treatment of the BHK cells reduces their ability to bind TOx erythrocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner, suggesting the involvement of protein in the binding site. Simple saccharides, and glycopeptide isolated from ox erythrocyte ghosts, do not inhibit rosetting. However, neutral glycosphinogolipids from ox erythrocyte ghosts inhibit BHK-TOx rosetting, whereas neutral glycosphingolipids from non-rosetting rabbit erythrocytes have no effect on rosetting. Furthermore, incorporation of ox glycolipids into guinea-pig erythrocytes causes these non-rosetting erythrocytes to adhere to BHK cells. These experiments suggest that specific glycolipids of the ox erythrocyte act as receptors for binding sites on the cell surface of BHK cells. These cell-specific binding sites may play a role in cell-surface events involving carbohydrate recognition. PMID- 7033258 TI - High-resolution electron microscopy of glycoproteins: the crystalline cell wall of Lobomonas. AB - Lobomonas piriformis is a member of an order of green algae (Volvocales) that have crystalline glycoprotein cell walls. As part of a program of investigation of these glycoproteins and their architecture we have studied the cell wall of Lobomonas by a variety of chemical, electron-microscopical and image-analysis techniques. Lobomonas and Vitreochlamys incisa show a very similar structure in their cell walls and represent I of the 4 classes into which all the structures of the wall of these algae that we have so far examined fall. The 2 classes that we have previously studied in detail, represented by Chlamydomonas reinhardii and chlorogonium elongatum, have a crystalline component of the wall that is a more or less smooth continuous surface overlying an amorphous inner wall layer. Although Lobomonas also has this 2-layer structure, the crystalline layer consists of distinct plates, each of which is built around a single, very coherent crystal lattice. The polar nature of the architecture of the cell wall is shown by sectioning and by examination of the cell-wall surface by metal shadowing of carbon replicas, both of intact cells and of isolated cell-wall plates. There are great similarities in chemical composition between the glycoproteins of the cell wall of C. reinhardii and those of Lobomonas. Both has a large content of hydroxyproline in their amino acid composition and a sugar/hydroxyproline ratio of about 6.0, and both contain sugar sulphates. Lobomonas however has a large glucose content, whereas Chlamydamonas has almost none. Electron micrographs of walls stained with methylamine tungstate and shadowed specimens show that the Lobomonas crystal structure is entirely different from that of C. Reinhardii, and that there is a distinctly different structure in the centre of the plates from that at their edges, although the transition between the 2 areas occurs with no distortion of the crystal lattice. Computer image analysis has been used to calculate reconstructed images of the 2 areas, and by using minimal-dose techniques has yielded 2-dimensional maps of the negatively stained structure at a resolution of I.8 nm. The 2-sided plane group of both areas of the crystal is P2, and the centre area contains 2 distinct structural units, both centered on dyad axes, together with other more complex features. In the edge structure, one of the structural units appears unchanged, but the other unit has a considerably different appearance. The most likely interpretation of this is as a conformational or positional change in one of the subunits. However, because the underlying lattice is so accurately maintained across this transition, it seems probable that the basic structural arrangement that defines the lattice is common to the 2 areas. Some of the computational and mathematical techniques used in the image analysis have not been previously published and are described in detail and compared with published techniques in an Appendix. PMID- 7033259 TI - Freeze-fracture study of phagocytosis in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - The plasma membrane and its derivative, the phagosome membrane, were studied during and after ingestion of yeast of latex beads in Dictyostelium discoideum. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy, which provides information on the internal architecture of the membranes, and observation of thin sections of cells treated by cytochemical methods were used in parallel. For visualization of membrane sterols in the replicas, the cells were fixed in the presence of digitonin or the antibiotic filipin. No lateral phase separation occurred during yeast engulfment: the intramembranous particles (IMPs), phospholipids and sterols remained distributed at random in the forming phagosome membrane. In contrast architectural modifications of the membrane were observed upon phagosome internalization. Compared to the plasma membrane, the phagosome membrane displayed 2-3 times more IMPs a shift in the IMP size distribution and a higher sterol content. These changes were completed soon after phagosome closure; they were not related either to the nature of the ingested particles (yeast, latex beads) or to the pH in the membrane environment. The membrane changes too place when the phagosomes began to fuse with pre-existing digestive or autophagic vacuoles and lysosomes. Some of the experimental evidence suggests that the restructuring of the membrane may be related to the presence of hydrolases. PMID- 7033260 TI - [Advances in intestinal surgery in 1980 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033261 TI - Improved method of resolving nucleotides by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7033262 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of 5'-methylthioadenosine in rat tissues. PMID- 7033263 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of nucleotides, nucleosides and bases. PMID- 7033264 TI - Influence of sodium homeostasis on dopaminergic modulation of aldosterone, renin, and prolactin secretion in man. AB - This study examines the effect of sodium homeostasis on the plasma aldosterone, renin, and PRL responses to the dopamine antagonist metoclopramide in normal individuals. Responses to metoclopramide were evaluated after receiving a 10-meq sodium, 80-meq potassium diet for 5 days and after receiving a 200-meq sodium, 80 meq diet for 5 days. On both occasions, the subjects had reached sodium equilibrium states, as determined by urinary sodium measurements, at the time that they received metoclopramide. Maximum absolute incremental aldosterone responses to metoclopramide were considerably greater (P less than 0.001) in the subjects after 5 days on a 10-meq sodium intake (23.2 +/- 2.0 ng/dl) than after 5 days on a 200-meq sodium intake (6.6 +/-0.9 ng/dl). Greater PRL and PRA responses (P less than 0.05) were also noted with low (10 meq) daily sodium intake, although the influence of sodium intake was less than that observed on the aldosterone response to metoclopramide. PRA responses to metoclopramide occur late (45 min) compared to aldosterone and PRL responses, which were noted 5 min after drug administration, suggesting an indirect effect of dopamine in modulating renin secretion. The proportion of total renin which was inactive was greater with the higher sodium intake. These data suggest that sodium homeostasis may influence dopaminergic modulation of renin, aldosterone, and PRL secretion and may effect the interrelationship between active and inactive renin. PMID- 7033265 TI - Cortisol-induced insulin resistance in man: impaired suppression of glucose production and stimulation of glucose utilization due to a postreceptor detect of insulin action. AB - The present studies were undertaken to assess the mechanisms responsible for cortisol-induced insulin resistance in man. The insulin dose-response characteristics for suppression of glucose production and stimulation of glucose utilization and their relationship to monocyte and erythrocyte insulin receptor binding were determined in six normal volunteers after 24-h infusion of cortisol and 24-h infusion of saline. The infusion of cortisol (2 microgram kg-1 min-1) increased the plasma cortisol concentration approximately 4-fold (37 +/- 3 vs. 14 +/- 1 microgram/dl; P less than 0.01) to values observed during moderately severe stress in man. This hypercortisolemia increased postabsorptive plasma glucose (126 +/- 2 vs. 97 +/- 2 mg/dl; P less than 0.01) and plasma insulin (16 +/- 2 vs. 10 +/- 2 microU/ml; P less than 0.01) concentrations and rates of glucose production (2.4 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.1 +/- -0.1 mg kg-1 min-1; P less than 0.01) and utilization (2.5 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.1 +/- 0.1 mg kg-1 min -1; P less than 0.01). Insulin dose-response curves for both suppression of glucose production (half maximal response at 81 +/- 19 vs. 31 +/ 5 microU/ml; P less than 0.05) and stimulation of glucose utilization (half-maximal response at 104 +/- 9 vs. 64 +/- 7 microU/ml; P less than 0.01) were shifted to the right, with preservation of normal maximal responses to insulin. Neither monocyte nor erythrocyte insulin binding was decreased. However, except at near-maximal insulin receptor occupancy, the action of insulin on glucose production and utilization per number of monocyte and erythrocyte insulin receptors occupied was decreased. These results indicate that the cortisol-induced insulin resistance in man is due to the decrease in both hepatic and extrahepatic sensitivity to insulin. Assuming that insulin binding to monocytes and erythrocytes reflects insulin binding in insulin-sensitive tissues, this decrease in insulin action can be explained on the basis of a postreceptor defect. PMID- 7033266 TI - Biochemical and immunological characterization of ectopic tumoral renin. AB - Biochemical and immunological characteristics of renin secreted by two malignant renin-secreting tumors [pulmonary (PT) and paraovarian (POT)] were studied. They both contain inactive renin (IR), as renin activity of tumoral extracts was able to be increased after acid activation or trypsin treatment (10.1 to 20.8 Goldblatt units/g tissue for PT and 1.4 to 3.71 for POT). Renin activity after activation reached the value obtained by direct RIA of human renin (23 and 3.4, respectively), as both forms are recognized by renin antiserum. Both enzymatic activities could be completely inhibited by renin antiserum. Displacement curves for the two tumoral renins paralleled the MRC renin in the direct RIA. After chromatography on affigel blue, active renin was not bound to the gel, and inactive renin eluted only with 1 M NaCl. On pepstatin A Sepharose and CBL pepstatin Sepharose (an N-modified-pepstatin), a separation of the two forms of pulmonary renin was obtained; inactive renin eluted with breakthrough proteins, whereas active renin was strongly bound to the gel. After this affinity chromatography, the molecular weights of inactive and active renin, determined on Ultrogel, were very close (46,000 and 42,500). We conclude that 1) ectopic renin in these cases in similar to the renal enzyme; 2) renin can be secreted in an inactive form, supporting the hypothesis of an inactive initial state of renin; and 3) molecular weight differences between the two forms are very slight. PMID- 7033267 TI - Evaluation of pituitary gonadotropic function in men: value of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone response versus basal luteinizing hormone level for discrimination of diagnosis. AB - We examined the serum LH response to LRH in 40 normal men and 38 men with various forms of gonadal dysfunction in an attempt to determine whether the LH response to LRH was more useful than the basal LH level alone for categorizing pathophysiological subgroups of gonadal dysfunction. The subgroups studied included hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, delayed puberty, idiopathic oligospermia, and primary hypogonadism. Log transformation of all values was done in order to normalize the data. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that increased basal LH was associated with increased incremental LH responses. However, our preliminary analysis of LRH response data suggested that the changes in LH were smaller in the secondary hypogonadal and delayed puberty groups then could be accounted for by the differences in basal LH level. Accordingly, we used various statistical techniques to test whether, and under what conditions, LRH testing provides information beyond that evident from examination of basal LH values. We found that the relationship between basal LH and the LH response to LRH differs in men with and without hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction and that this difference can be exploited to improve the discrimination of men with pituitary hypogonadism from normals. PMID- 7033268 TI - Glucose enhancement of insulin action: elevated glucose levels increase insulin stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose uptake in cultured human fibroblasts. AB - Insulin stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose uptake in cultured human skin fibroblasts has been examined in the presence of varying concentrations of extracellular glucose. When cell monolayers were preincubated in glucose-free medium, insulin stimulation of hexose transport was small. Increasing glucose levels from 2.7 to 16.7 mM in the preincubation medium enhanced insulin-stimulation 2-deoxyglucose uptake (18-65% of basal uptake). Insulin stimulation of hexose transport in the presence of glucose was the result of an increase in the Vmax without a significant change in the Km of transport. Maximum enhancement of insulin action was achieved 18-24 h after glucose exposure. After 24 h, the insulin response decreased. Glucose did not influence the concentration of insulin required for half-maximal stimulation. Growth conditions also altered the magnitude of insulin stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose uptake; the response was maximal in confluent cells (5-10 days of culture) and decreased during senescence. These data demonstrate that extracellular glucose levels influence insulin action in cultured fibroblasts. This implies that insulin responsiveness in vivo may be regulated in some systems by ambient glucose levels. PMID- 7033269 TI - Comparison of insulin binding to cells of fed and fasted obese patients: results in erythrocytes and monocytes. AB - The erythrocyte (RBC) has received recent interest as a cell model to examine insulin receptor status in humans. In the present study we have compared the insulin receptors on mature RBCs and monocytes of four hyperinsulinemic obese patients in the fed state and after a 14-day fast (less than 50 cal/day). Insulin binding in the basal (fed) state was described in RBC and monocytes due predominantly to a decrease in the receptor concentration in both cell types. After a 14-day fast, insulin binding to both RBCs and monocytes increased significantly in each patient. Maximal binding of [125I]iodoinsulin to RBCs increased by 29% (range, 20-46%), and binding to monocytes increased by 116% (range, 46-321%). In response to the fast, the concentration of insulin needed to inhibit binding by 50% decreased from 5 to 2 ng/ml in RBC and from 3 to 1 ng/ml in monocytes. Conventional and computer-fitted Scatchard analyses demonstrated no change in the receptor concentration of RBCs of any patient, whereas the receptor concentration of monocytes increased by more than 50% in two of the four patients and by 40% for the group. Thus, in response to the fast, the direction of the change in insulin binding was similar in the RBCs and monocytes, whereas the magnitude and, in certain patients, the mechanism of the binding increase differed. PMID- 7033270 TI - Pancreatic polypeptide responses to hypoglycemia in chronic autonomic failure. AB - Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and catecholamine responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia have been measured in 15 patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Eight of the patients had idiopathic orthostatic hypotension, and 7 had multiple system atrophy, a condition characterized by the presence of central nervous system lesions in addition to the orthostatic hypotension common to both diseases. Eleven healthy subjects exhibited rapid and substantial elevations in plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and PP concentrations in response to insulin hypoglycemia. In contrast, patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension exhibited impaired catecholamine and PP responses to insulin hypoglycemia. There was no correlation between the catecholamine and PP responses in either the normal subjects or the patients, suggesting that PP release during hypoglycemia is independent of the sympathoadrenal medullary response. As PP release in response to insulin hypoglycemia is abolished by truncal vagotomy and unaffected by splanchnic nerve section, our results suggest that patients with chronic autonomic failure may have a diffuse autonomic dysfunction involving the parasympathetic as well as the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 7033271 TI - Comparison of the in vitro effect of biguanides and sulfonylureas on insulin binding of its receptors in target cells. AB - The in vitro effects of two biguanides (phenformin and metformin) and four sulfonylureas (tolbutamide, glyburide, gliclazide, and glisolamide) on insulin binding to its receptors were studied in four cultured cell lines: human skin fibroblasts, IM-9 lymphoblasts, MCF-7 human mammary carcinoma, and H35 rat hepatoma. After a 24-h preincubation with maximal stimulatory concentrations of phenformin, specific [125I] insulin binding to its receptors in the four different cell lines were increased over control by 67.2 +/ 17.0%, 101.3 +/- 11.5%, 65.1 +/- 8.0%, and 44.0 +/- 12.1%, respectively (mean +/- SE). Phenformin was effective in IM-9 cells that were down-regulated by unlabeled insulin, and the effect of phenformin on insulin binding was not affected by inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide. In concert with this observation. Scatchard plots indicated that phenformin increased the insulin receptor's affinity rather than the number of insulin-binding sites on IM-9 cells. Metformin was also effective in significantly enhancing insulin binding in both IM-9 and MCF-7 cells. In contrast to the effects of biguanides, none of the four sulfonylureas tested had any significant influence on insulin binding to any of the four cell lines. These agents were also ineffective in IM-9 cells that were down-regulated by insulin. Therefore, these studies suggest that: 1) in vitro, biguanides enhance insulin binding to its receptors in a variety of cell types; 2) this effect of biguanides doesn't depend on new receptor synthesis; it is a result of changes in the affinity of the insulin receptor; and 3) in contrast to the biguanides, the sulfonylureas do not have a major direct effect on insulin binding to its receptors in most cell types. PMID- 7033272 TI - Improvement of insulin secretion but not insulin resistance after short term control of plasma glucose in obese type II diabetics. AB - Insulin secretion and insulin resistance were examined in seven obese type II diabetics before and after control of plasma glucose levels without weight loss. Control was achieved by regular insulin injection (60-205 U/day in four doses). After 10 days of therapy, plasma insulin and C-peptide responses to oral glucose were significantly improved. Insulin-induced glucose rates, estimated by the glucose clamp technique, averaged 1.08 +/- 0.30 mg/kg. min (mean +/- SEM; n = 7) before treatment and were unchanged (1.08 +/- 0.25) after treatment. These indicate that short term control of plasma glucose improved insulin secretion but not insulin sensitivity. The impaired insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in type II diabetics appears to be, in part, secondary to metabolic abnormalities associated with hyperglycemia. PMID- 7033273 TI - Glucagon secretion in patients with hypoparathyroidism: effect of serum calcium on glucagon release. AB - The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of changes in the serum calcium concentration upon glucagon secretion in man. For this purpose, a group of subjects with either idiopathic (four cases) or secondary (two cases) hypoparathyroidism was submitted to an arginine test (0.5 g/kg) before and after the correction of hypocalcemia. In the presence of hypocalcemia, the glucagon response to the amino acid was modest and delayed (glucagon peak, 150 +/- 28 pg/ml). The acute correction of hypocalcemia produced a striking increase in basal glucagon levels (125 +/- 24 vs. 75 +/- 15 pg/ml; P less than 0.01) and restored the glucagon peak in response to arginine (270 +/- 50 pg/ml; P less than 0.01). The increase in plasma glucose triggered by arginine was augmented under normocalcemic conditions, while the pattern of plasma insulin response was quite similar. These results indicate that glucagon secretion in man is critically dependent on the serum calcium concentration. PMID- 7033274 TI - Insulin receptors and insulin resistance in human pregnancy: evidence for a postreceptor defect in insulin action. AB - Pregnancy is accompanied, in its later stages, by physiological resistance to the action of insulin. We studied the potential contribution of altered insulin receptors to this phenomenon in 12 healthy pregnant women during their third trimester. For comparison, we studied the same women again several weeks postpartum. We also used a group of randomly chosen nonpregnant subjects as a control population. Women in this control group were studied during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Plasma insulin and insulin to glucose ratios were significantly higher in the pregnant women. Insulin binding to peripheral blood monocytes was higher in pregnancy than postpartum in the majority of women, and as a group, the pregnant subjects showed significantly higher insulin binding than the nongravid subjects. This appeared to be due to a greater number of receptor sites per cell. We found no correlation between plasma insulin and insulin binding in pregnancy. We conclude that the insulin resistance of pregnancy is not attended by impaired binding of insulin to cellular receptors, at least in the monocyte. Our data suggest that the defect in insulin action lies at a site distal to the receptor. PMID- 7033275 TI - Relation of body fat distribution to metabolic complications of obesity. AB - The importance of body fat distribution as a predictor of metabolic aberrations was evaluated in 9 nonobese and 25 obese, apparently healthy women. Plasma glucose and insulin levels during oral glucose loading were significantly higher in women with predominantly upper body segment obesity than in women with lower body segment obesity. Of the former group, 10 of 16 subjects had diabetic glucose tolerance results, while none of the latter group was diabetic. Fasting plasma triglyceride levels were also significantly higher in the upper body segment obese women. The site of adiposity in the upper body segment obese women was comprised of large fat cells, while in the lower body segment obese subjects, it was formed of normal size cells. In both types of obesity, abdominal fat cell size correlated significantly with postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels. Thigh fat cell size gave no indication as to the presence of metabolic complications. Thigh adipocytes were also resistant to epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis, presumably due to an increase in alpha-adrenergic receptors. Thus, in women, the sites of fat predominance offer an important prognostic marker for glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. This association may be related to the disparate morphology and metabolic behavior of fat cells associated with different body fat distributions. PMID- 7033276 TI - Cell culture studies on patients with extreme insulin resistance. I. Receptor defects on cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 7033277 TI - A specific plaque-forming cell assay for human thyroglobulin antibody-secreting immunocytes. AB - As the initial step in the investigation of thyroid autoantibody-secreting immunocytes, we have identified such cells in vitro by the use of plaque-forming cell assays dependent on the lysis of antigen-coated sheep red blood cells. Human thyroglobulin antibody-secreting peripheral mononuclear cells were detected in six of seven patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, but not in normal control subjects. Our data indicated that 0.06-1.7% of immunoglobulin-secreting cells have the potential for human thyroglobulin antibody secretion in such patients and validated the specific plaque-forming cell technique for the investigation of thyroid autoantibody production. PMID- 7033278 TI - Analysis of steroids in urine for differentiation of pseudohypoaldosteronism and aldosterone biosynthetic defect. AB - The salt-losing syndromes in the neonatal period and early infancy due to adrenal disease can be differentiated by the pattern of excretion of steroids in urine. The presence or absence of metabolites of cortisol, aldosterone, and corticosterone as well as certain precursors can be established in a single analysis of steroids in urine by using gas chromatography with open tubular capillary columns. The profiles of steroid excretion in the urine of 8 infants with renal tubular insensitivity to aldosterone were compared with those in 5 infants with isolated aldosterone biosynthetic defects. The excretion in urine of 18 hydroxytetrahydro-compound A was elevated in all 13 children, but relative to the excretion of tetrahydroaldosterone, a high ratio was found for the biosynthetic defect and clearly distinguished the 2 conditions. Age-related changes in steroid metabolism are described. The diagnosis in each case was supported by clinical investigation together with determinations of PRA and aldosterone concentrations. PMID- 7033279 TI - Circulating catecholamine and glucagon responses to insulin-induced blood glucose decrement in a patient with pheochromocytoma. AB - In a gastrectomized woman with an adrenal pheochromocytoma we observed hypertensive crisis in association with postprandial hypoglycemic episodes. To assess whether hypoglycemia could be responsible for the hypertensive crises, we measured circulating catecholamines and glucagon during an insulin-induced blood glucose decrement carried out by an artificial endocrine pancreas. When the blood glucose level reached 36 mg/dl, a severe hypertensive crisis occurred. At this time, circulating catecholamines increased 2-fold (norepinephrine, from 2200 to 3568 pg/ml; epinephrine, from 950 to 1750 pg/ml), while no changes in glucagon were observed. Our observation suggests that in patients with pheochromocytoma, hypoglycemia may trigger a marked release of catecholamines independent of glucagon secretion. This response probably is mediated by activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Our results also suggest that the pancreatic A-cell response to blood glucose decrement is totally suppressed in patients with pheochromocytoma by the chronically high levels of circulating catecholamines. Thus, hypoglycemia may be added to the list of other well known factors which may provoke hypertensive emergencies in patients with pheochromocytoma. PMID- 7033280 TI - Monoclonal antibody against human somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor-I. AB - A monoclonal IgG3 antibody produced by mouse hybridoma shows high specificity for human somatomedin-C (SM-C) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). The apparent Ka for SM-C is 1.7 x 10(10) M-1. At 1:2000 final dilution, culture medium from antibody-producing cells binds 35-40% of radioiodinated SM and IGF-I tracers, while similar binding is seen with ascites fluid from tumor-bearing mice at 1:200,000 dilution. Rat SM, multiplication stimulating activity, IGF-I C-peptide and human insulin show little or no crossreactivity, while IGF-II has 7%, and IGF I 70%, of the potency of SM-C. Of a variety of species tested, acid-ethanol extracted guinea pig serum has the greatest immunoreactivity, and extracts of rabbit, rat and mouse serum have the lowest activity. Human plasma extracts give displacement curves parallel to purified SM, and vary in potency depending upon the GH status of the donor. These results suggest that this antibody will be of value for SM-C/IGF-I radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7033281 TI - Bone marrow transplantation only partially restores purine metabolites to normal in adenosine deaminase-deficient patients. AB - To delineate the extent to which bone marrow transplantation provides "enzyme replacement therapy", we have determined metabolite concentrations in two patients with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency treated with bone marrow transplants and rendered immunologically normal. 10 yr after engraftment of lymphoid cells, erythrocyte deoxy ATP was markedly decreased compared to the marked elevations of deoxy ATP observed in untreated patients, but was still significantly elevated (62 and 90 vs. normal of 6.0 +/- 6.0 nmol/ml packed erythrocytes). Similarly, deoxyadenosine and adenosine excretion were both markedly diminished compared to that of untreated patients but deoxyadenosine excretion was still clearly increased (20.1 and 38.6 vs. normal of less than 0.2 nmol/mg creatinine) while adenosine excretion was in the upper range of normal (7.0 and 8.1 vs. normal of 5.6 +/- 3.6 nmol/mg creatinine). Mononuclear cell deoxy ATP content was also elevated compared to normal (5.25 and 14.4 vs. 1.2 +/- 0.3). Separated mononuclear cells of bone marrow transplanted patients contain both donor lymphocytes and recipient monocytes. When mononuclear cells were depleted of the cells enriched for donor lymphocytes (i.e. monocyte depleted) was lower than that of the mixed mononuclear cells (2.2 vs. 5.26). Surprisingly, plasma adenosine was as high as in untreated ADA-deficient patients (3.2 and 1.5 vs. untreated of 0.3-3 microM). Consistent with the elevated plasma adenosine and urinary deoxyadenosine, erythrocyte S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase activity was diminished (0.88 and 1.02 vs. normal of 5.64 +/- 0.25). Thus, bone marrow transplantation of ADA-deficient patients not only provides lymphoid stem cells, but also partially, albeit incompletely, clears abnormally increased metabolites from nonlymphoid body compartments. PMID- 7033282 TI - Neutrophil-mediated endothelial injury in vitro mechanisms of cell detachment. AB - Neutrophil-mediated endothelial injury was assessed in vitro using assays of cell lysis and cell detachment. Activation of human peripheral blood neutrophils adherent to human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers by serum-treated zymosan produced dose-dependent endothelial cell detachment without concomitant cell lysis. This injury was inhibited by neutral protease inhibitors, but not by catalase or superoxide dismutase. Neutrophils from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease also produced endothelial cell detachment when activated by serum-treated zymosan similar to normal neutrophils. Endothelial detachment was also produced by cell-free postsecretory media from activated neutrophils or by partially purified human neutrophil granule fraction and was inhibitable by tryptic, elastase, and serine protease inhibitors, but not by an acid protease inhibitor. Analysis of iodinated endothelial cell surface proteins that had been exposed to partially purified neutrophil granule fraction showed complete loss of proteins migrating in the region of fibronectin by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This result was prevented in the presence of neutral protease inhibitors. We conclude that neutrophil-derived neutral proteases mediate endothelial cell detachment in vitro through digestion of endothelial cell surface proteins including fibronectin. PMID- 7033283 TI - Hemodynamics in diabetic orthostatic hypotension. AB - Hemodynamic variables (blood pressure, cardiac output, heart rate, plasma volume, splanchnic blood flow, and peripheral subcutaneous blood flow) and plasma concentrations of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and renin were measured in the supine position and after 30 min of quiet standing. This was done in normal subjects (n = 7) and in juvenile-onset diabetic patients without neuropathy (n = 8), with slight neuropathy (decreased beat-to-beat variation in heart rate during hyperventilation) (n = 8), and with severe neuropathy including orthostatic hypotension (n = 7). Blood pressure decreased precipitously in the standing position in the diabetics with orthostatic hypotension, whereas moderate decreases were found in the other three groups. Upon standing, heart rate rose and cardiac output and plasma volume decreased similarly in the four groups. The increases in total peripheral resistance, splanchnic vascular resistance and subcutaneous vascular resistance were all significantly lower (P less than 0.025) in the patients with orthostatic hypotension compared with the other three groups. The increase in plasma norepinephrine concentrations in the patients with orthostatic hypotension was significantly lower (P less than 0.025) than in the patients without neuropathy, whereas plasma renin responses to standing were similar in the four groups. We conclude that in diabetic hypoadrenergic orthostatic hypotension the basic pathophysiological defect is lack of ability to increase vascular resistance, probably due to impaired sympathetic activity in the autonomic nerves innervating resistance vessels; cardiac output and plasma volume responses to standing are similar to those found in normal subjects and in diabetics without neuropathy. PMID- 7033284 TI - Physiologic evaluation of factors controlling glucose tolerance in man: measurement of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell glucose sensitivity from the response to intravenous glucose. AB - The quantitative contributions of pancreatic responsiveness and insulin sensitivity to glucose tolerance were measured using the "minimal modeling technique" in 18 lean and obese subjects (88-206% ideal body wt). The individual contributions of insulin secretion and action were measured by interpreting the dynamics of plasma glucose and insulin during the intravenous glucose tolerance test in terms of two mathematical models. One, the insulin kinetics model, yields parameters of first-phase (phi 1) and second-phase (phi 2) responsivity of the beta-cells to glucose. The other glucose kinetics model yields the insulin sensitivity parameters, SI. Lean and obese subjects were subdivided into good (KG greater than 1.5) and lower (KG less than 1.5) glucose tolerance groups. The etiology of lower glucose tolerance was entirely different in lean and obese subjects. Lean, lower tolerance was related to pancreatic insufficiency (phi 2 77% lower than in good tolerance controls [P less than 0.03]), but insulin sensitivity was normal (P greater than 0.5). In contrast, obese lower tolerance was entirely due to insulin resistance (SI diminished 60% [P less than 0.01]); pancreatic responsiveness was not different from lean, good tolerance controls (phi 1: P greater than 0.06; phi 2: P greater than 0.40). Subjects (regardless of weight) could be segregated into good and lower tolerance by the product of second-phase beta-cell responsivity and insulin sensitivity (phi 2 . SI). Thus, these two factors were primarily responsible for overall determination of glucose tolerance. The effect of phi 1 was to modulate the KG value within those groups whose overall tolerance was determined by phi 2 . SI. This phi 1 modulating influence was more pronounced among insulin sensitive (phi 1 vs. KG, r = 0.79) than insulin resistant (obese, low tolerance; phi 1 vs. KG, r = 0.91) subjects. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the minimal model technique to determine the etiology of impaired glucose tolerance. PMID- 7033285 TI - Synergistic interaction between exercise and insulin on peripheral glucose uptake. AB - The interaction of exercise and insulin on glucose metabolism was examined in 10 healthy volunteers. Four study protocols were used: study 1: plasma insulin was raised by approximately 100 microunits/ml while plasma glucose was maintained at basal levels for 2 h (insulin clamp). Study 2: subjects performed 30 min of bicycle exercise at 40% of VO2 max. Study 3: an insulin clamp was performed as per study 1. Following 60 min of sustained hyperinsulinemia, however, subjects exercised for 30 min as per study 2. Study 4: subjects were studied as per study 3 except that catheters were inserted into the femoral artery and vein to quantitate leg glucose uptake. During the 60-90 min period of hyperinsulinemia (study 1), glucose uptake averaged 8.73 +/- 0.10 mg/kg per min. With exercise alone (study 2), the increment in peripheral glucose uptake was 1.43 +/- 0.30 mg/kg per min. When hyperinsulinemia and exercise were combined (study 3), glucose uptake averaged 15.06 +/- 0.98 mg/kg per min (P less than 0.01) and this was significantly (P less than 0.001) greater than the sum of glucose uptake when exercise and the insulin clamp were performed separately. The magnitude of rise in glucose uptake correlated closely with the increase in leg blood flow (r = 0.935, P less than 0.001), suggesting that the synergism is the result of increased blood flow and increased capillary surface area to exercising muscle. More than 85% of total body glucose metabolism during studies 1 and 3 was accounted for by skeletal muscle uptake. These results demonstrate that (a) insulin and exercise act synergistically to enhance glucose disposal in man, and (b) muscle is the primary tissue responsible for the increase in glucose metabolism following hyperinsulinemia and exercise. PMID- 7033286 TI - Sites of tissue binding and uptake in vivo of bacterial lipopolysaccharide-high density lipoprotein complexes: studies in the rat and squirrel monkey. AB - When gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are injected intravenously into the rabbit or rat, they bind to plasma lipoproteins, particularly high density lipoproteins (HDL). The present studies were performed to examine the mechanisms by which LPS-HDL complexes are removed from the circulation and taken up by various tissues. Our approach was to compare the sites of specific tissue binding and uptake of HDL and of LPS-HDL complexes in the rat and squirrel monkey. In the rat, binding of homologous 125I-HDL was demonstrated principally in the adrenal gland, ovary, liver, and spleen. [3H]LPS-HDL complexes (produced in vitro by incubating Salmonella typhimurium [3H]LPS with rat HDL and lipoprotein-free plasma) bound to the same tissues, but with apparently lower affinities. The specificity of binding of both 125I-HDL and [3H]LPS-HDL to these organs was demonstrated in two ways. First, tissue binding of both radiolabeled preparations was swamped out by raising the circulating levels of HDL-cholesterol from 32 to 140 mg/dl. Second, treatment of the animals with dexamethasone abolished specific binding of both HDL preparations to the adrenal gland while administration of adrenocorticotropin increased the specific adrenal binding of the two preparations. The steady-state plasma clearance rate for 125I-HDL equaled 774 +/- 29 microliters/h and was significantly lower (557 +/- 39 microliters/h) for the LPS-HDL complex, a finding that presumably reflected the lesser ability of the various tissues to bind the LPS-HDL complex. Binding studies were also done in the squirrel monkey, an animal that has the same level of circulating HDL cholesterol as the rat, but nearly three times more cholesterol in low density lipoproteins. Specific binding of homologous 125I-HDL and [3H]LPS-HDL was again found principally in the adrenal gland and liver. The results indicate that the sites of tissue uptake of bacterial LPS are strongly influenced by binding of LPS to HDL. In particular, LPS-HDL binding may be an important determinant of the extent to which LPS are taken up by the adrenal gland during bacterial sepsis. PMID- 7033288 TI - Involved and uninvolved skin from psoriatic subjects: are they equally diseased? Assessment by skin transplanted to congenitally athymic (nude) mice. AB - A highly significant, but unanswered, question in the pathogenesis of psoriasis relates to how normal appearing and diseased skin can coexist, undergo spontaneous flares and remissions, and yet appear to be genetically acquired. A plausible explanation for these disparate observations is that there is a basic defect in epidermal proliferation of skin of subjects with psoriasis and that disease expression is governed by other host factors. To address this question, we compared epidermal proliferation of skin involved and uninvolved with psoriasis with normal skin before and after transplantation to congenitally athymic (nude) mice, a biologic milieu free of humoral factors unique to the donor host. Results demonstrated that (a) before transplant, synthesis of DNA by the epidermal cells from skin uninvolved and involved with psoriasis is significantly higher than normal, 1.6 and 3.6 times, respectively; (b) 6 wk after transplantation, synthesis of DNA by epidermal cells is unchanged for normal skin, increased for uninvolved skin, and decreased for involved skin. These increases and decreases are of such a magnitude that at 6 wk the number of epidermal cells synthesizing DNA per 1,000 basal cells is identical, and is 2.2 times that of normal skin. When removed from the milieu of the afflicted host, skin involved and uninvolved with psoriasis appear equally "diseased." These data support the notion that there is aberrant epidermal proliferation in skin of patients with psoriasis and that host factors appear to play a role both in the expression and nonexpression of this disease. PMID- 7033289 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of Fc gamma-binding proteins of human leukocytes. AB - We isolated and partially characterized three Fc-binding macromolecules from human leukocytes. Mononuclear cells from normal individuals and from five patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and neutrophils from normal donors were surface radiolabeled by using 125I and lactoperoxidase. After detergent solubilization of the cells, Fc gamma-binding macromolecules were purified by repetitive affinity chromatography under a variety of conditions and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three radiolabeled macromolecules were isolated that retained specific ability to bind to Fc fragments. A 52,000-64,000-mol wt macromolecule was isolated from normal mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells. A 43,000-mol wt band was characteristic of mononuclear cells, particularly from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A 33,000-mol wt molecule could be obtained from normal leukocytes under conditions that suggest it might be a proteolytic fragment. PMID- 7033287 TI - Immunoglobulin production induced in vitro by glucocorticoid hormones: T cell dependent stimulation of immunoglobulin production without B cell proliferation in cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - The direct effects of steroid hormones on the production of immunoglobulins and DNA synthesis by human T and B lymphocytes was evaluated in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. As detected by a reverse hemolytic plaque assay, the addition of 0.1 mM to 10 nM hydrocortisone to lymphocytes in culture in the absence of other stimulants or mitogens, resulted in the dramatic induction of immunoglobulin production with responses comparable to those seen in similar cultures stimulated with pokeweed mitogen. Steroid-stimulated immunoglobulin production was first seen after 48 h and peaked at 8-10 d of culture. The production of IgG, IgA, and IgM was induced following incubation with steroid. Glucocorticoids, but not estrogens or androgens, were capable of mediating this effect, and only compounds with affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor were active. The induction of immunoglobulin production was dependent on both T cells and monocytes; cultures depleted of either cell type did not produce immunoglobulin when stimulated with glucocorticoid hormones. Proliferation of B cells or T cells could not be detected by [3H]thymidine incorporation or total cell recovery from steroid-stimulated cultures, even though such cultures demonstrated marked increases in immunoglobulin production. The mechanism responsible for this functional maturation of B cells to become high rate immunoglobulin producing cells is as yet undefined, although it appears to involve more than merely steroid mediated inactivation of suppressor T cells. PMID- 7033290 TI - 3,5-Dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-l-thyronine therapy in diabetic pregnancy: stimulation of rabbit fetal lung phospholipids. AB - Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy is associated with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome due to impaired synthesis of fetal lung surfactant. Pharmacologic agents that promote fetal lung maturity are diabetogenic and have limited use in the management of diabetic pregnancy for prevention of respiratory distress syndrome. Maternal administration of a thyroid analog 3,5-dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-L-thyronine (DIMIT) results in significant enhancement of fetal lung phospholipid synthesis and accelerated lung maturity. We therefore studied the effects of DIMIT (0.5 mg/kg per d, s.c.) administration to pregnant alloxan-diabetic rabbits on days 25 and 26 of gestation. DIMIT treatment of diabetic maternal rabbits (DD) was associated with reduction of maternal blood glucose (115 +/- 13 vs. 275 +/- 72 mg/dl, P less than 0.05) and fetal glucose (64 +/- 6 vs. 274 +/- 47 mg/dl, P less than 0.001) compared with saline-injected diabetic (D) mothers. Reduction of fetal insulin levels was also associated with maternal DIMIT therapy in diabetic rabbits (56 +/- 5 (D) vs. 24 +/- 4 microunits/ml, P less than 0.001). Maternal diabetes resulted in significant reduction of fetal lung weight (370 +/- 20 vs. 520 +/- 30 mg, P less than 0.005) and lung protein content (6.5 +/- 0.7 vs. 8.7 +/- 0.7 mg/gm, P less than 0.005), which were restored to normal in offspring of DIMIT-treated diabetic rabbits. Maternal DIMIT administration caused significant reduction in fetal lung glycogen content in control (62 +/- 5.8 vs. 25 +/- 5.9 micrograms/mg protein, P less than 0.001) and diabetic (56 +/- 7 vs. 34 +/- 5 micrograms/mg protein, P less than 0.02) offspring. Whereas maternal diabetes was associated with reduction of all major phospholipid species in fetal lung comprising surfactant, these were restored with DIMIT therapy. The results demonstrate that short-term maternal administration of DIMIT in pregnant diabetic rabbits not only promotes fetal lung phospholipid synthesis, but also appears to ameliorate maternal hyperglycemia. Thus, DIMIT is of potential benefit in the management of diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 7033291 TI - Identification and measurement of molecular variants of cholecystokinin in duodenal mucosa and plasma. Diminished concentrations in patients with celiac disease. AB - The amount and type of cholecystokinin (CCK) in duodenal extracts and plasma of celiac patients and normal subjects was studied by radioimmunoassay and gel filtration. In both groups there were similar patterns of molecular forms in extracts of duodenal biopsies, but concentrations in celiac disease were significantly depressed. In boiling water extracts of duodenal mucosa from both groups a factor with the properties of the COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin predominated, but there were also significant amounts of a larger molecular weight form. In acid extracts of mucosa a factor with the properties of the 33 or 39 residue form was identified in amounts that were approximately 25% those of CCK8; there were also similar amounts of an acid-soluble form that had an apparent molecular weight higher than CCK39. Plasma immunoreactive cholecystokinin was studied after concentration by immunoaffinity adsorption and fractionation by gel filtration. In normal subjects fasting CCK-like immunoreactivity was less than 0.8 pmol/liter, and after a light breakfast increased to 2.0 +/- 0.7 (range 1.0 to 4.8) pmol/liter; CCK8-like activity accounted for all the increased immunoreactivity. In five of six celiac patients the concentrations of both fasting and postprandial CCK-like immunoreactivity in plasma were undetectable (less than 0.8 pmol/liter). We conclude that diminished production and release of CCK could account for the impaired pancreatic and gall bladder responses to intraluminal stimuli in celiac disease. PMID- 7033292 TI - Evidence for a direct stimulatory effect of prostacyclin on renin release in man. AB - THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS INVESTIGATION WERE: (a) to characterize the time and dose dependence of the effects of prostacyclin (PGI(2)) on renin release in healthy men; (b) to define whether PGI(2)-induced renin release is secondary to hemodynamic changes; (c) to determine the plasma and urine concentrations of 6 keto-PGF(1alpha) (the stable breakdown product of PGI(2)) associated with renin release induced by exogenous or pharmacologically enhanced endogenous PGI(2). Intravenous PGI(2) or 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) infusions at nominal rates of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 ng/kg per min were performed in each of six normal human subjects; in three of them, PGI(2) infusion was repeated after beta-adrenergic blockade and cyclooxygenase inhibition. PGI(2), but not 6-keto-PGF(1alpha), caused a time- and dose-dependent increase of plasma renin activity, which reached statistical significance at 5.0 ng/kg per min and was still significantly elevated 30 min after discontinuing the infusion. Although combined propranolol and indomethacin treatment significantly enhanced the hypotensive effects of infused PGI(2), it did not modify the dose-related pattern of PGI(2)-induced renin release. Plasma 6 keto-PGF(1alpha) levels rose from undetectable levels (<7.5 pg/ml) in a stepwise fashion during increasingly higher infusion rates of PGI(2) or 6-keto PGF(1alpha). The threshold concentration of plasma 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) associated with a statistically significant stimulation of renin release was approximately 200 pg/ml. Upon discontinuing PGI(2) or 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) infusion, the disappearance of 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) from blood showed an identical biphasic behavior, the initial phase having an apparent t((1/2)) of 3.2 min. The intravenous infusion of furosemide, which is known to stimulate renin release via a cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanism, caused a three-to fourfold increase of urinary 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) excretion rate, concomitant with the elevation of plasma renin activity levels, in six healthy women. 6-Keto-PGF(1alpha) remained undetectable in peripheral venous plasma throughout the study. WE CONCLUDE THAT IN HUMAN SUBJECTS: (a) PGI(2)-induced renin release occurs with a dose and time dependence similar to its reported platelet effects; (b) PGI(2)-induced renin release is not mediated by adrenergic stimuli or cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanisms secondary to hemodynamic changes; (c) furosemide-induced renin release is associated with increased renal PGI(2) formation; and (d) PGI(2) appears to act as a local modulator rather than a circulating hormone in controlling juxtaglomerular function. PMID- 7033293 TI - The neuroanatomic basis of early motor development: a review. PMID- 7033294 TI - Self-hypnosis and biofeedback in the management of juvenile migraine. PMID- 7033295 TI - Within-subject analysis of autogenic training and cognitive coping training in the treatment of tension headache pain. PMID- 7033296 TI - New ideas on the anatomy of the kidney. PMID- 7033297 TI - New ideas in the pathogenesis of nephritis. PMID- 7033298 TI - Blood pressure and the kidney. PMID- 7033299 TI - Osteomalacia and chronic renal failure. PMID- 7033300 TI - A simple washing technique for solid-phase radioimmunoassays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. PMID- 7033301 TI - Comparative antibody titers to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in juvenile periodontitis, chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects. AB - Circulating antibody levels to four strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) were determined by means of an indirect immunofluorescent technique in three groups of 21 subjects each, including one with juvenile periodontitis (JP), one with chronic periodontitis (CP) and one free of periodontal disease (N). Mean levels of antibody to Aa were significantly elevated in the JP group as compared to the CP and N groups with respect to strains Y4, 29522 and 29524, but not strain 29523. Since strains Y4, 29522 and 29524 contain a leukotoxin that is missing from strain 29523, the results suggest that the leukotoxin could account for the difference in the immune response among the three groups of subjects. Varying the end-point considered to represent positive fluorescence did not significantly affect the results, although discrimination among the three groups appeared to be somewhat better at lower intensities of fluorescence. Because of wide variations in antibody titers recorded in individual subjects, elevated levels of antibody to certain strains of Aa may not be useful as a primary diagnostic test for JP, but may be of value in confirming an otherwise uncertain clinical diagnosis. PMID- 7033302 TI - Measurement of prostaglandin E in crevicular fluid. AB - A method for the detection of prostaglandin E (PGE) in crevicular fluid has been developed which provides a sensitive, noninvasive technique for measurement of local concentrations of this mediator of inflammation. Assay sensitivity sufficient for the detection of 4 picograms of PGE2 was achieved by utilizing a high-affinity anti-PGE2 antibody, a solid-state second antibody and low isotope concentrations. The method permits detection of concentrations equivalent to 10( 8) M PGE2 in 1 microliter of crevicular fluid. Crevicular fluid PGE (CFPGE) concentrations were determined in samples from 12 patients with periodontal disease. Patients with periodontitis had significantly higher mean CFPGE concentrations than patients with gingivitis (179.5 +/- 51.4 pg/microliter vs 32.1 +/- 15.5 pg/microliter, mean +/- SEM). Periodontitis sites were selected on the basis of clinical and radiographic evidence of periodontal destruction. Some sites displayed low CFPGE levels, while others had CFPGE concentrations which were elevated tenfold, suggesting the presence of both inactive and active periodontal lesions. CFPGE levels greater than 100 pg/microliter were positively associated with gingival erythema and pain on probing. PMID- 7033303 TI - The potassium thiocyanate extract of Pasteurella multocida: electron microscopy and susceptibility of its immunogenic activity to some physical, chemical and enzymatic treatments. PMID- 7033304 TI - In vivo leukocyte migration assay in rainbow trout with a flexible silicone coverslip. PMID- 7033305 TI - Pancreatic islet cell hypertrophy in the Syrian hamster. PMID- 7033306 TI - The peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique for the demonstration of immunoglobulin G in rat livers infected with Fasciola hepatica. PMID- 7033307 TI - Immunofluorescence in psoriasis: a clinical study of sixty patients. AB - Direct immunofluorescent microscopy was positive on skin biopsy specimens in thirty-one of sixty patients with various forms of psoriasis. Patients with positive immunofluorescence were classified into five main clinical subgroups: (1) psoriasis vulgaris with decreased tolerance to sunlight or ultraviolet light B (eight patients), (2) psoriatic arthritis (seven patients), (3) guttate psoriasis (five patients), (4) pustular psoriasis (four patients), and (5) "uncomplicated" psoriasis vulgaris (seven patients). Various patterns of deposition of immunoglobulins, complement, and fibrin were seen in the five subgroups, the most consistent being granular C3 at the basement membrane zone in specimens from five of the seven patients with guttate psoriasis. Direct immunofluorescent microscopy was usually negative in psoriasis vulgaris, but positive results may be anticipated in special forms of psoriasis. PMID- 7033308 TI - The histopathology of lupus erythematosus panniculitis. AB - Lupus erythematosus panniculitis is a clinical variant of lupus erythematosus in which the main pathologic process involves the deep corium and subcutaneous tissue. We reviewed twenty-nine cases of lupus panniculitis, as well as the cases previously reported in the literature. The histopathologic changes in lupus panniculitis are characterized by a lymphocytic panniculitis, hyaline degeneration of the fat, hyaline papillary bodies, and lymphoid nodular structures in the lower dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Direct immunofluorescence can be important in supplementing the histopathologic study of lupus panniculitis. Lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus are seen in 21% of cases. When this disorder exists in the absence of other typical cutaneous or systemic lesions, the diagnosis of lupus erythematosus has been questioned. We believe that the histopathologic findings of this entity are alone sufficient for a diagnosis of lupus panniculitis, even in the absence of cutaneous or systemic lesions. PMID- 7033309 TI - The clinical spectrum of parathyroid disease. PMID- 7033310 TI - The mechanobullous diseases. Hereditary epidermolysis bullosa and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. PMID- 7033311 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in vivo studies: known thresholds for health effects. AB - Three sources of harmful health effects from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in vivo techniques have been examined with the following conclusions: (a) Static magnetic fields. Harmful effects on humans and reproducible cellular, biochemical, or genetic effects have not yet been observed at fields less than 2 Tesla (20,000 gauss). (b) Changing magnetic fields. The threshold for effects of induced currents is above that produced from less than 1 to 100 Hz sinusoidal field changes with a maximum field of 5 mT (50 gauss). Waveform, repetition rate maximum B field, and duration of exposure are parameter requiring further study. (c) Radiofrequency (RF) heating. A practical upper level for absorbed power is 4 W/kg in medically important studies of short duration (less than 10 min). For long-term studies, 1.5 W/kg is a reasonable level in low humidity environments. The power absorbed by the subject can be estimated by measuring the RF coil Q before and after the subject is placed in the NMR instrument. Large metal objects will absorb power in proportion to the conductivity of the device or prosthesis. PMID- 7033312 TI - Case report. Steroid exophthalmos. PMID- 7033313 TI - Evidence of penetration of the bovine teat duct by Escherichia coli in the interval between milkings. AB - In 3 consecutive experiments, each using 20 cows, the application of Escherichia coli to teat ends after milking led to high rates of intramammary infection. These infections were not prevented by disinfection of the teats before milking, by the installation of shields in the short milk tubes of th milking cluster or by the use of an individual quarter milking cluster. Rates of infection were significantly lower when teat contamination was applied 1 h before milking compared to contamination applied immediately after milking. These data suggest that penetration of te teat duct by the E. coli occurred in the period between contamination and milking. Seventy four percent of infections occurred in hindquarters and there were variations in the susceptibility of cows to infection. PMID- 7033314 TI - Review of the progress of dairy science: human and artificial milks for infant feeding. PMID- 7033315 TI - Dental materials: 1979 literature review. Part II. PMID- 7033316 TI - The investigation of dental disease in exhumed remains. PMID- 7033317 TI - The use of magnetic forces in prosthetic dentistry. PMID- 7033318 TI - The nature of the interface between polymethyl methacrylate denture base materials and soft lining materials. PMID- 7033319 TI - Root canal-simulating experimental model for evaluation of tissue responses to chronic influx of foreign fluid substances. PMID- 7033320 TI - Porcelain-metal thermal compatibility. PMID- 7033321 TI - Voluntary heart rate control and perceived affect. PMID- 7033322 TI - Helplessness and depression in end-stage renal disease. PMID- 7033323 TI - History of air pollution legislation in the United States. PMID- 7033324 TI - Perspectives on college health in the 80's: a president's view. PMID- 7033325 TI - The presidents. Harvey Jacob Burkhart, 1898-1899. PMID- 7033326 TI - Maintenance of diastemas by a cast lingual loop connector and acid-etch technique. PMID- 7033327 TI - Quality control of allergen extracts. PMID- 7033328 TI - A novel double-isotope technique for the enzymatic assay of plasma histamine: application to estimation of mast cell activation assessed by antigen challenge in asthmatics. AB - The concentration of plasma histamine may provide an index of mast cell activation (degranulation) and can be measured by a sensitive radioenzymatic assay based on its specific conversion to (3H)-methylhistamine in the presence of histamine-N-methyltransferase and (3H)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine. In this assay, the separation of excess (3H)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine from (3H)-methylhistamine requires several steps, for which a correction factors is necessary to maintain precision. In the present modification, duplicate 50-microliters aliquots of each plasma sample were incubated with histamine-N-methyltransferase and (3H)-S adenosyl-L-methionine. A further aliquot, with an added standard of 200 ng/ml histamine, was incubated with histamine-N-methyl-transferase and (14C)-S-adenosyl L-methionine. This standard was converted to (14C)-methylhistamine, and its recovery at the end of the assay corrected both for varying efficiency of methylation among plasma samples and for losses during the subsequent extraction and separation stages. The sensitivity of the assay was 25 pg/ml. The intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation were 7.2% and 11.6%, respectively. In five asthmatics, antigen challenge caused a 28% fall in FEV1, and this was associated with a twofold to threefold rise in plasma histamine concentration. This assay may thus prove a useful method for assessing the role of mast cell release of mediators in vivo. PMID- 7033329 TI - Factors affecting the bioavailability of zinc. AB - Host factors and dietary factors determine the absorption of zinc by an individual. There is evidence that the entrance of zinc into the body is regulated at the level of the intestinal mucosa by the adequacy of the host's zinc nutriture. Moreover, a variety of gastrointestinal diseases that interfere with the digestion of food, the secretion of zinc-binding ligand, or transmucosal absorption, per se, reduce the efficiency of zinc absorption. Zinc appears to be more available from breast milk than from cow's milk, and, in general, from foods of animal origin than from foods of plant origin. The task of nutrition researchers is to unravel further the mechanisms involved in normal absorption of dietary zinc in human beings and to pursue the identification of foods and to pursue the identification of foods andars to be more available from breast milk than from cow's milk, and, in general, from foods of animal origin than from foods of plant origin. The task of nutrition researchers is to unravel further the mechanisms involved in normal absorption of dietary zinc in human beings and to pursue the identification of foods and chemicals that enhance or inhibit zinc absorption. PMID- 7033330 TI - High heels. The agony and the ecstasy. PMID- 7033331 TI - The concepts of attachment and bonding. PMID- 7033332 TI - CAPD and transplantation. PMID- 7033333 TI - Pedal morbidity in the dialysis/kidney transplant patient. PMID- 7033334 TI - [Louis Paufique (1899-1981)]. PMID- 7033335 TI - hyperthermia for lower extremity neoplasms: a review of the literature. AB - Hyperthermia appears to be an important adjunct to present day cancer therapies. A literary review indicates that at least 60 of the patients studied showed improvement-primarily relief of pain. Radiographically, approximately 50% of the patients demonstrated a remission or decrease in the size of the tumor (4-7, 9, 10). Although further research in hyperthermia continues, amputation of a limb because of osteogenic sarcoma or malignant melanoma may no longer be the primary treatment of choice. PMID- 7033336 TI - The terminal Syme procedure. PMID- 7033337 TI - Tarsal coalitions: an instructional review. AB - Tarsal coalitions, the majority of which are congenital, are abnormal unions between two or more tarsal bones. Acquired tarsal coalitions may result from trauma or from rheumatic conditions. Tarsal coalition may cause peroneal spastic flatfoot or rigid valgus foot without peroneal spasm. Surgery is not always essential in the treatment of tarsal coalitions; some patients will respond to conservative treatment. PMID- 7033338 TI - Ruptured anterior talofibular ligament: a simplified procedure for late repair. AB - The author has described a simplified procedure for late repair of a ruptured anterior talofibular ligament. This procedure has been utilized in 14 patients (20 feet) and all results have been good. Complications have included 1) restriction of motion (inversion) at the ankle joint (two cases, probably resulting from overly short grafts); 2) chronic edema, exceeding 4 months (three cases, probably resulting from poor subcutaneous closure of tissue planes); and 3) failure to correct presenting complaint (one case, most likely resulting from spontaneous rupture of graft). The remaining 14 feet have all functioned well with proper biomechanical control from the shortest follow-up of 11 months through the longest follow-up of 3 years. PMID- 7033339 TI - Deep vein thrombosis: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. AB - Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a dangerous complication that may present after elective foot surgery. Because of the frequency with which DVT occurs in the elderly patient, as well as in the podiatric surgical population, the podiatrist should be acquainted with this entity. A review of the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and the role of podiatry in the management of DVT is discussed in this paper. PMID- 7033340 TI - Sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - We have developed a sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), in which antibody Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase complex and an antibody-immobilized silicone rubber solid phase were used. Despite the fact this assay system crossreacted about 40% with human luteinizing hormone (LH) that contains an immunologically very similar subunit to that of hCG, it proved to be highly sensitive with hCG measurable at levels as low as 0.3 mIU per assay tube. Using 25 microliter of urine sample, hCG levels in serum (10-1000 mlU/ml) or in urine (3-300 mlU/ml) could be determine with the same degree of precision as in radioimmunoassay without sample interference with the assay. The coefficients of variation in within-run, and between-run were 9.2-13.3%, and 4.2-18.8%, respectively. Values obtained with enzyme immunoassay correlate well with those of radioimmunoassay (r = 0.961, slope = 1.129, y-intercept = 3.7 mlU/ml for 35 serum samples) and hemagglutination assay (r = 0.954, slope = 0.951, y-intercept = 1.8 mlU/ml for 88 urine samples). PMID- 7033341 TI - [The regulation of the hypothalamo-hypophyso-ovarian fuction during the menstrual cycle in the normal woman. A scheme to explain the coordination and control of the secretion and release of gonadotrophins by LH-RH and oestrogens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033342 TI - [Anti-Candida albicans serology. A study carried out on 178 pregnant women in labour (author's transl)]. AB - The serological study of 178 women investigated during labor shows that the number of patients with a significant titer of Candida albicans antibodies is 161 % higher in those suffering from vulvovaginitis due to this fungus as compared to patients without current infection. Among the 30 patients having vaginitis, 73 % harbor the yeast in the gastrointestinal tract. Precipitins were present in 6 patients : all of them also have a high titer of fluorescent antibodies. From the results of this work, it can be concluded that Candida albicans serology, although still difficult in its interpretation, is an interesting tool for the clinician and for the study of the physiopathology of candidosis. PMID- 7033343 TI - [The 'lost' intra-uterine contraceptive device (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report five cases of lost intra-uterine devices, which means that the threads were not visible at the external os of the cervix. This gives them an opportunity to review the literature and to conclude the following: 1. Ultra sound is the treatment of choice to find the position of the IUD that has been lost, whether is is intra- or extra-uterine. 2. In doubtful cases an antero posterior and a lateral hysterogram makes it possible to determine the relative position of the IUD to the uterine cavity. Laparoscopy gives useful complementary information. 3. If the IUD is intra-uterine, either totally so or partially, the treatment of choice is to remove it under hysteroscopic control. 4. Where perforation has occurred and the IUD has only entered incompletely into the pelvis, it is possible to pull it out under hysteroscopic control through the vagina if laparoscopy has demonstrated that there are no local adhesions attaching it to neighbouring organs. 5. Where perforation has been complete, laparotomy is preferable to laparoscopy as a technique to recover the lost IUD, in particular when this is a copper one. 6. Perforations occur particularly when the IUDs are inserted post-partum. PMID- 7033344 TI - [The placenta and malaria. A morphologic, parasitologic and clinical study (author's transl)]. AB - In 115 consecutive placentae from an unselected population living in a high malaria endemic region (Franceville, Haut-Ogooue, Gabon, 40 (35%) have the peculiar lesions of maternal plasmodium infection. The lesions show considerable histological variation but the following features are constant: a) deposits of variable amounts of malarial pigment and b) excess of perivillous fibrinoid. Accumulation of maternal erythrocytes with parasites, concentration of macrophages in intervillous spaces and villities are inconstant. In addition, splitting and segmental thickening of the trophoblast basal membrane with occasional aggregations of dense fibrillary structures are found at ultrastructural level. 56% of the mothers have Plasmodium falciparum (94%) or Plasmodium malariae in their peripheral blood. Placental lesions have been found only in 65% of the cases with peripheral parasitemia. Although Plasmodium are present in 35 (87%) placentae, no parasites have been found in the cord blood. The difference between the mean birth-weight of full-term neonates from mothers with placental lesions (n = 38) or with normal placenta (n = 54) is 220 g. This difference is statistically highly significant (p less than 0,001). It appears that the low mean birth-weight is not related to the high percentage (39%) of primipare in the infected group but, in all probability, to the placental lesions. PMID- 7033346 TI - [How Kergaradec listened to the fetus (author's transl)]. AB - Laennec wrote in the second edition of his Treaty on Auscultation (1826, II, 457) : "I never thought of applying auscultation to studying the phenomena of pregnancy. This fortunate idea came to my compatriot and friend Monsieur le docteur de Kergaradec." It was in fact on the 26th December 1821 that Kergaradec read his "Memoire on Auscultation as applied to the study of pregnancy" and posed the vital question : "Would it not be possible to judge the state of health or illness of the fetus from the variations in the strength and frequency of the fetal heart beat?" The answer 160 years later, after so much work has been done by innumerable authors is : yes, the fetal heart does make it possible to judge as to the vitality or the distress of the fetus! It is right that today obstetricians should stop a little and think about Kergaradec's existence on earth and on the everlastingness of his inspired prophecy, for he was the first to think of it. PMID- 7033345 TI - [The value of estimating the levels of amniotic insulin which come from the fetus in looking after diabetic pregnancies in the last trimester (author's transl)]. AB - The authors carried out 49 estimations of amniotic fluid levels of insulin in 41 patients. 25 of these patients were non-diabetic and they were a control group, and 16 patients were diabetic (24 estimations). The liquor was collected by amniocentesis between the 32nd and the 42nd week of amenorrhoea. The mean of the control levels was 3.17 micro-units per ml. The mean of the values in diabetic pregnancies was 9.97 micro-units per ml. The difference between the two groups is statistically significant. We have studied this insulinaemia in relationship to the duration of the diabetes, the maternal weight increase, the levels of insulin used therapeutically, the blood glucose level, the rise in arterial blood pressure, the weight of the infant, the date of delivery, the presence of fetal distress and the control of blood sugar. There is a statistically significant difference between the insulinaemia of patients in whom the diabetes is well controlled (mean level of 7.08 micro-units per ml) and the patients in whom the diabetes is badly controlled (31.7 micro-units per ml). This new parameter for supervision of the third trimester of pregnancy in diabetics gives rise to the possibilities of a better approach to materno-fetal blood sugar regulation and to an adjustment of the therapeutic doses of insulin that are given which will result in lengthening of the duration of pregnancy, with the aim of achieving a spontaneous vaginal delivery at term. PMID- 7033347 TI - Implementation and Service error: Veterans Administration health care and the commercial market option. AB - As government has attempted to deal with complex social problems, the inevitability of error has become increasingly apparent to students of public policy and implementation. This essay focuses on errors of service, initially drawing on the experience of the Veterans Administration (VA) medical system to explore problems of defining, detecting and correcting such errors when government directly delivers care. It probes the complex blend of errors of liberality and stringency that appeared to be present in the VA during the 1970s, the formidable barriers to error correction, and the steps taken by the VA in response to the problem. Second, the essay examines whether a commercial market strategy, as embodied by Medicare or Medicaid, offers certain advantages in dealing with service errors similar to those confronted by VA. The experience of Medicare and Medicaid casts doubt on whether a commercial market model yields superior results in coping with these kinds of error. Finally, the study points to some more general implications of the VA's experience for discussions of service problems in the health policy arena. PMID- 7033348 TI - Nurse practitioner reimbursement. AB - The Rural Health Clinics Act demonstrates the current trend in reimbursement of nurse practitioners: Congress intends to move slowly and continuously with mid level practitioner reimbursement, limiting NP practice first to rural underserved areas, and reimbursing at a cost-related rate to avoid unnecessarily inflating costs. The Act's recognition of the NP as a reimbursable provider of traditional medical services, needing only indirect supervision, is important, especially with regard to the mandatory Medicaid coverage of "rural health clinic services." All states which do not explicitly prohibit NPs have been affected by this mandate, precipitating state legislative efforts to more clearly define NP scope of practice. There is still a need to clarify the ambiguity surrounding NP Medicaid reimbursement policies; Medicaid plans are frequently not well coordinated with nurse practice statutes. Altering third-party payor practices to permit reimbursement for services of nurse practitioners would alleviate some of the current restrictions on NP practice. However, medical society opposition also plays a significant role in such restriction. Antitrust courts, free of the tremendous lobbying power of medical interest groups, may be able to provide remedies which will facilitate greater competition and innovation in the health care industry. Legal test cases are necessary to begin contesting obstacles to the implementation of the Rural Health Clinic Services Act. The aggregate surplus of physicians projected for 1990 will continue to be an issue in the development of new financial programs concerning NP services. Demonstration projects which utilize various reimbursement strategies should evaluate the effect on health manpower of reimbursement for medical services provided by nurse practitioners. PMID- 7033349 TI - Kidneys, ethics, and politics: policy lessons of the ESRD experience. AB - This article examines the policy lessons to be learned from the American experience with the End-Stage Renal Disease program. This program was instituted in 1972 as an amendment to the Social Security Act to provide reimbursement for the costs of therapy to those persons suffering from renal failure. The article tries to debunk certain common myths that have arisen concerning the ESRD program, by examining the history and evolution of renal dialysis technology as well as the social policies concerning dialysis pursued in England and Sweden. It argues that while the ESRD program is not a genuine instance of a 'mini' national health insurance program, there are important moral, social, and policy lessons to be learned from this unique effort to provide renal therapies to those Americans in need. PMID- 7033350 TI - Kidneys for transplantation. AB - A profound kidney shortage compromises the effective care of renal failure patients in the United States and other nations. This article discusses the need for kidneys, the procurement of live donor and cadaver organs, and strategies to increase organ donation. It suggests that the kidney shortage can be minimized and perhaps eliminated through the use of living related donors whenever appropriate, and through more efficient procurement of volunteered cadaver kidneys. Two other strategies to increase the supply of kidneys-the sale of organs and "contracting out" laws-are rejected. The first is unacceptable in the Western world. The second is fraught with constitutional and ethical problems, and may not lead to more kidney procurement. PMID- 7033351 TI - A multicenter, double-blind trial of sucralfate and placebo in duodenal ulcer. AB - The safety and efficacy of sucralfate (an aluminum salt of sucrose sulfate) in duodenal ulcer treatment were assessed in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Out-patients received two 500 mg sucralfate tablets or placebo tablets after meals and at bedtime. Endoscopic examinations were performed in 216 patients, either after 2 weeks or 4 weeks, or both, to evaluate healing. After 2 weeks, 35% (37 of 105) of th sucralfate patients had complete healing, compared to 25% (26 of 106) of the placebo patients (p = 0.0225, Mantel-Haenszel). After 4 weeks, the sucralfate and placebo rates were 75% (82 of 109) and 64% (68 of 107), respectively (p = 0.0383). Patients in the sucralfate group reported greater reduction in both diurnal and nocturnal pain each week than those in the placebo group. No serious side effects were reported with sucralfate use; the most common complaint was constipation in 2.6% of the sucralfate patients assessed. Laboratory tests--conducted pretreatment, after 2 weeks, and after 4 weeks- revealed no evidence of adverse effects. The nonsystemic agent appears to represent a unique, safe, and effective mode of treatment for duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7033352 TI - Efficacy of sucralfate for duodenal ulcers: a multicenter, double-blind trial. AB - Sucralfate, a new drug for the treatment of duodenal ulcer, was tested in a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Fifty-five patients with endoscopically documented duodenal ulcers completed the trial successfully. Patients were treated four times daily with 1 g of sucralfate or placebo identical in appearance and taste. They were seen weekly for reinforcement of instructions, assessment of compliance, and clinical evaluation. The patients were reevaluated endoscopically at the end of the second and fourth weeks of therapy. After 4 weeks, 22 of 24 (91.7%) sucralfate-treated patients and 18 of 31 (58.1%) placebo-treated patients showed complete healing of duodenal ulcers (chi 2 = 7.70; p less than 0.01). Relief from ulcer discomfort paralleled the results of healing. We conclude that sucralfate is an effective agent for the treatment of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7033353 TI - Ulcer healing and relapse rates after initial treatment with cimetidine or sucralfate. AB - Ulcer healing and relapse rates after treatment with cimetidine and sucralfate in 112 subjects with endoscopically proven gastric and duodenal ulcers were compared in a randomized trial. Four grams of sucralfate were administered in four divided doses each day; 200 mg cimetidine was administered three times during the day with the fourth dose of 400 mg given at night. The subjects were divided into four treatment groups: (1) subjects with duodenal ulcers treated with sucralfate; (2) subjects with duodenal ulcers treated with cimetidine; (3) subjects with gastric ulcers treated with sucralfate; and (4) subjects with gastric ulcers treated with cimetidine. Endoscopy was repeated at 6 weeks after treatment was initiated; subjects with unhealed ulcers at 6 weeks were reendoscoped at 12 weeks. Eighty-three percent of duodenal ulcers in subjects treated with sucralfate healed at 6 weeks, the rest by week 12. Cimetidine-treated subjects with duodenal ulcer had healing rates of 71 and 86% at 6 and 12 weeks. Cimetidine treated subjects with gastric ulcers showed healing rates of 75 and 89% at 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. In the gastric ulcer group, 63% of sucralfate-treated subjects were healed at 6 weeks, and 78% were healed by 12 weeks, respectively. Eighty-six of the subjects were followed for 1 year or until endoscopy showed relapse. Subjects treated with cimetidine on a short-term basis relapsed earlier than those were treated with sucralfate at 12 weeks, but at 1 year, the relapse rates were about 70% for both groups. PMID- 7033354 TI - Sucralfate: a review of drug tolerance and safety. AB - The safety of sucralfate, an aluminum salt of sucrose octasulfate that is used to treat peptic ulcer disease, is based on data from clinical trials in over 2,000 patients. In vitro, animal, and clinical studies have shown that sucralfate does not have anticoagulant effects, in contrast to other sulfated polysaccharides. Sucralfate was well tolerated by healthy volunteers in a multiple-dose study, in which the drug was administered in doses two and three times higher than the normal treatment dose, for 14 and 28 days, respectively. In open-label trials conducted in Japan, France, and Latin America in 1,600 subjects, side effects were reported in only 44 subjects, with the most common complaint being constipation (in 23 subjects). In the United States, safety evaluations of sucralfate were similar to those obtained in other countries, with only 12.9% of subjects treated with sucralfate (232) reporting side effects. The incidence of side effects in the placebo-treated group was about 12.1%. Furthermore, sucralfate has been shown to heal ulcers comparable to antacids and cimetidine. Its therapeutic efficacy, combined with the fact that it is well tolerated and free of serious systemic effects, enhances sucralfate's therapeutic clinical usefulness in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 7033355 TI - Disappearance of some Brugia malayi foci from Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Tamil Nadu and co-existence of Malayan and Bancroftian filariasis in some pockets. PMID- 7033356 TI - Effect of diethylcarbamazine medicated common salt on Wuchereria bancrofti prophylaxis. PMID- 7033357 TI - Attempts to establish Wuchereria bancrofti in laboratory animals. PMID- 7033358 TI - Results of treatment with 600 mg. base of chloroquine and 45 mg base of primaquine in P. falciparum in Greater Nicobar and Little Andaman Islands. PMID- 7033359 TI - Sheep serum as a replacement to human serum for the maintenance of in vitro cultures of Plasmodium falciparum. PMID- 7033360 TI - Studies on the localization of the glycoprotein GP-2 within the renal glomerulus in vivo and in cultured kidney cell strains in vitro. AB - Positive staining for the glycoprotein GP-2 was demonstrated in the kidney glomerulus by use of the indirect peroxidase-labeled antibody technique. At the ultrastructural level, heaviest staining for GP-2 was demonstrated along the lamina rara externa and lamina rara interna of the glomerular and tubular basement membranes, demonstrating definite molecular organization for structures which appear amorphous even at the electron microscopic level. However, GP-2 was also present in the lamina densa of the glomerular basement membrane, but not of the tubular basement membrane. The staining for GP-2 is in contrast to the predominantly mesangial staining for fibronectin. Using the indirect immunoperoxidase techniques for kidney cells cultured in vitro, it was demonstrated that cell surfaces of specific subpopulations of glomerular cells stained heavily for both fibronectin and GP-2, while renal medullary cells did not stain at all using specific antiserum to these molecules. GP-2 was present extracellularly and showed moderate staining in glomerular cell culture, while fibronectin showed heavy staining in this location. PMID- 7033361 TI - Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of myosin in cultured fibroblastic cells. AB - Nonmuscle myosin in the cytoplasm of cultured fibroblastic cells has been localized using light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Antibodies to purified fibroblast myosin were produced in goat and rabbit and purified by affinity chromatography. Light microscopic immunofluorescence localization showed patterns similar to those previously published. Electron microscopic localization using the ethyldimethyl aminopropyl carbodiimide-glutaraldehyde-saponin (EGS) fixation-permeabilization procedure and the ferritin bridge localization method produced quantifiable localization in intracellular sites with well-preserved ultrastructural morphology. Myosin was found to be a major component of the cytosol. It was distributed diffusely with no preferential localization on membranous organelles. Myosin was found to be slightly concentrated on the surface of microfilament-containing structures, including the subplasmalemmal microfilament mat and stress fibers, occasionally with an interrupted periodicity. However, no myosin was found in surface ruffles or microvilli. Morphometric quantitation showed that the majority of the cell's myosin was in the cytosol. This location is compatible with myosin being a component of the microtrabecular lattice of the cytoplasmic ground substance. The concentration of myosin in association with microfilaments was only twice that of the cytosol. This interpretation must be somewhat tempered by the possibility that some myosin bound to tightly packed actin may be inaccessible. The significance of this distribution of myosin in cell function is discussed. PMID- 7033362 TI - Prolonged incubation time in immunohistochemistry: effects on fluorescence staining of immunoglobulins and epithelial components in ethanol- and formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. AB - By prolonging the incubation time from 30 min to 20 hr at room temperature, fluorochrome conjugates may be applied at about ten times higher dilution and yet produce specific immunofluorescence staining of enhanced intensity. This modification of the direct method is important for reagent economy and, in addition, affords improved staining features for all antigens tested in formaldehyde-fixed tissues. It is particularly valuable when paired staining is used to characterize lymphoproliferative B-cell processes in pathological routine material; a clear-cut distinction between polyclonal and monoclonal expression of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Ig) is obtained, and cells giving rise to a false staining pattern are easily pinpointed. It is likewise advantageous to use prolonged incubation with conjugate for the localization of Ig-producing and Ig bearing B cells in saline-extracted ethanol-fixed tissues, and the same holds true for Ig and C3 in immune-complex deposits. Also IgE on the surface of mast cells in tissues from atopic subjects is visualized distinctly with this modification. However, the localization or epithelial components is not consistently improved in ethanol-fixed tissues when the incubation time is prolonged; secretory products such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, amylase, and secretory component (SC) are not always immobilized sufficiently by ethanol fixation to avoid diffusion artifacts and a substantial loss from the cytoplasm. Differences in intracellular storage probably contribute to the variable antigen stability. PMID- 7033363 TI - Neuron-specific enolase as an immunocytochemical marker for the diffuse neuroendocrine system in human fetal lung. PMID- 7033364 TI - Localization of organ-specific antigens in mouse lung by light and electron microscopy. AB - Rabbit antisera were raised against whole homogenate and a saline soluble fraction of C57BL mouse lung. After absorption with other mouse organs, both antisera gave specific staining of bronchiolar epithelial and single alveolar cells, using the indirect immunofluorescence and indirect immunoperoxidase techniques on both acetic-alcohol-fixed paraffin-embedded and unfixed frozen 5 micrometer sections. Improved resolution by light microscopy was achieved with 1 micrometer sections of formaldehyde-fixed Araldite-embedded material stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase method after the Araldite had been treated with saturated alcoholic NaOH for 5 min. Clara cells and type II pneumocytes were identifiable as sites of the lung-specific immune reaction. At the electron microscopic level the reaction was localized over the granules of bronchiolar Clara cells. The lamellar bodies of type II pneumocytes were extracted in the ultrathin sections and no immune reaction was observed. PMID- 7033365 TI - Quantitative data on peroxidatic markers for electron microscopy. With a note on actin identification in Paramecium cells. AB - Several important points of heme-peptide cytochemistry were quantitatively analyzed, with particular regard to their use in electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. A simple procedure is presented for the preparation of heme octapeptide (H-8-P) microperoxidase. H-8-P, hemenonapeptide (H-9-P), and various horseradish peroxidase (HRP) isoenzymes were used for coupling with immunoglobulin (Ig)G or the papain-cleavage fragments from IgG (Fab) molecules. Ultracentrifugation and spectrophotometric analyses revealed the following characteristics of the conjugates: a) They are of a uniform size class; b) their diameters were calculated, and ranged from 5.6 (Fab-H-8-P; H-9-P) to 10.5 (IgG HRP); c) the persistence of antigen binding capacity was ascertained; d) the deactivation of the marker peroxidase activity due to coupling was as low as 20 30%; e) optimal conditions for use of the electron microscopic (EM) with 3,3' diaminobenzidine media were elaborated (with a pH optima somewhat different from some standard methods in current use); and f) on the basis of the quantitative data presented, an optimal compromise (either in favor of higher peroxidase activity with HRP conjugates or of smaller size with microperoxidase-Fab conjugates) can be achieved. Finally, the identification of isolated purified actin and of actin in cortical microfilament bundles and ciliary basal bodies of Paramecium cells served as a test object for the usefulness of conjugation products and optimized assay conditions for EM immunocytochemistry. PMID- 7033366 TI - Four unlabeled antibody bridge techniques: a comparison. AB - Four unlabeled antibody immunocytochemical techniques, the "single bridge" (Avrameas S: Immunocytochemistry 6:825, 1969; Mason TE, Phifer RF, Spicer SS, Swallow RS, Dreskin RD: J Histochem Cytochem 17:190, 1969a; Sternberger LA, Cuculis JJ: 1969), the "single peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP)" (Sternberger LA, Hardy PH Jr, Cuculis JJ, Meyer HG: J Histochem Cytochem 18:315, 1970), the "double PAP" (Vacca LL, Rosario SL, Zimmerman EA, Tomashefsky P, Ng P-Y, Hsu KC: J Histochem Cytochem 23:208, 1975) and the "double bridge" (Ordronneau P, Petrusz P: Am J Anat 158:491, 1980) were compared at both the light and electron microscopic levels. The "double" procedures involved repeating incubations with the bridge antibody, in this case, sheep anti-rabbit gamma globulin, followed either by a second PAP step for the "double PAP" or a second anti-horseradish peroxidase step and a single incubation in horseradish peroxidase for the "double bridge." At both the light and electron microscopic levels the staining intensity was greater with the "double" techniques than with the "single" ones. This is probably due to amplification achieved with the second sheep anti-rabbit gamma globulin step, permitting an increase in the number of horseradish peroxidase molecules bound for each molecule of tissue-bound primary antibody. Also, the quality of the various commercial PAP preparations tested was variable. With the weaker ones the staining intensity could be increased by performing an incubation in fresh horseradish peroxidase after the PAP step. Finally, in electron microscopic studies, the reaction products formed in both the bridge and PAP procedures were identical in shape and size. PMID- 7033367 TI - Immunocytochemical investigations on the submandibular glands of developing and adult mice using a specific antiserum on protease A. AB - The submandibular glands of developing and adult mice were studied immunocytochemically by the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase and the colloidal gold-protein A methods, using an antiserum to a highly purified esteroprotease (protease A, EC 3.4.4) of mouse submandibular gland origin. A thin subluminal rim of immunoreactivity, seen in striated duct cells throughout development, persisted in adulthood. From 15 days of age onwards, striated duct cells with diffuse cytoplasmic staining also occurred; such cells increased in number with age. A clear sexual dimorphism of the submandibular gland was first discernable by 25 days of age, when the developing granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells of males were slightly larger than those of females; this size difference became more pronounced at later ages, resulting in a distinct dimorphism by 50 days of age. In adults, the principal sites of immunoreactivity were the GCTs, whose component cells stained with different intensities. Electron microscopic immunocytochemical techniques revealed that deposits of oxidized diaminobenzidine or particles of celloidal gold were restricted to the secretion granules of GCT cells; all other organelles were unstained. Acinar and intercalcated duct cells were negative. PMID- 7033368 TI - Immunocytochemical detection of serotonin with monoclonal antibodies. AB - The development of the monoclonal antibody YC5/45 HLK (YC5/HLK) against a 5HT bovine seroalbumin immunogen and its application for immunocytochemistry is described. The YC5/HLK antibody is the product of a rat x rat hybrid myeloma, producing a heavy chain and two light chains. In hemagglutination tests, the antibody cross-reacts to entirety with dopamine, serotonin, and tryptamine at high concentrations. The serotonin-albumin conjugate is 20,000 times more effective in displacing the binding antibody, while albumin itself goes unrecognized by the antibody. In fixed preparations of brain tissue, immunofluorescence is observed only in neurons known to contain serotonin, while no reaction is observed in dopamine-rich neurons. All immunofluorescence is extinguished by the use of agents that inhibit the biosynthesis of 5HT, but not of the catecholamines. PMID- 7033369 TI - An unlabeled antibody method using glucose oxidase-antiglucose oxidase complexes (GAG): a sensitive alternative to immunoperoxidase for the detection of tissue antigens. AB - Immunoenzyme staining for tissue antigens using glucose oxidase as marker enzyme was compared with immunoperoxidase techniques. Both the indirect, conjugated antibody method and the unlabeled antibody procedure employing preformed complexes of glucose oxidase-antiglucose oxidase (GAG) and peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) were used to stain carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in paraffin tissue sections. The localization of CEA within a tissue specimen was the same in all cases, and background staining was minimal. The percentage of positive specimens detected with GAG and PAP was similar but was slightly greater with glucose oxidase compared to peroxidase conjugates. The glucose oxidase conjugates and GAG were similar to the comparable immunoperoxidase reagents in enzyme-antibody molar ratio, retention of antibody and enzyme activity, immunohistochemical staining dilutions, and stability. Immunoglucose oxidase and immunoperoxidase were combined to localize CEA and colon-specific antigen-p simultaneously. Excellent contrast and staining separation were shown between the enzymatic reaction products of the two systems. Since immunoglucose oxidase methods are as sensitive as the comparable immunoperoxidase techniques, they should be considered as a reliable alternative to the latter, especially when endogenous peroxidase activity may be a problem. Furthermore, the two methods can be conveniently combined for the simultaneous detection of two antigens. PMID- 7033370 TI - Electron microscopic study of differentiation of antibody-producing cells in mouse lymph nodes after immunization with horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 7033373 TI - NK cell sensitivity of the leukemic K 562 cells; effect of sodium butyrate and hemin induction. PMID- 7033371 TI - Expression ability of Ia antigens on T cell subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies on pokeweed mitogen stimulation in early human life. PMID- 7033372 TI - Assay of membrane complement receptors (CR1 and CR2) with C3b- and C3d-coated fluorescent microspheres. AB - A sensitive and specific fluorescence assay for membrane complement (C) receptors (CR1 and CR2) was developed with purified C3b and C3d fragments coupled to fluorescent microspheres (0.9 mu diameter). C3-microspheres (C3-ms) bound to cells with low numbers of receptors that were undetectable by other assay techniques. Inhibition studies with anti-CR1 and anti-CR2 demonstrated that C3b ms and C3d-ms bound exclusively to CR1 and CR2, respectively. Preparation of the C3-ms required only small amounts of partially purified C3 and no immunoglobulin or other C components. Once formed, the C3-ms were stable for up to 4 mo at 4 degrees C. PMID- 7033374 TI - Sequential studies of cell inhibition of host fibroblasts in 51 patients given HLA-identical marrow grafts. PMID- 7033375 TI - The identification and mapping of a second class I locus in the major histocompatibility complex of the rat. AB - A combined genetic, serologic, and biochemical study has demonstrated the existence of a second locus, RT1.E, that codes for class I antigens in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the rat, and has mapped it relative to the other loci in the MHC. The evidence was obtained with the use of two laboratory derived recombinants, r10 and r11, and the congenic strains DA.1I and BN.1I. Antibodies raised against the i haplotype (RT1.AnBa) in strain combinations that were matched for their RT1.A and RT1.B loci and in the BY1 and anti-r11 strain combination, in which the RT1.A and RT1.B loci and many of the non-MHC genes were matched, reacted with red blood cells and lymphocytes carrying the u haplotype. Immunoprecipitation showed that these antisera reacted specifically with a component of red blood cell membranes having a m.w. of 45,000. Mapping studies place the genes in the rat MHC in the order RT1.ABE; hence, the organization of the MHC in the rat appears to be similar to that of the mouse. PMID- 7033376 TI - Further biochemical characterization of the human thymocyte differentiation antigen T6. AB - Charge heterogeneity of the human thymocyte antigen T6 was studied by isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The larger subunit of T6 (a 49,000 m.w. glycoprotein) contained several oligosaccharide side chains bearing up to 12 terminal sialic acids. When T6 antigens from 19 individual thymuses were analyzed, no differences in the isoelectric focusing patterns of the larger subunit could be detected. The larger subunit of the T6 antigen from MOLT-4 cells (52,000 m.w.) contained an extra oligosaccharide if compared with the T6 antigen from thymus or three other T leukemic cell lines. Two types of small subunits of T6 were found. In addition to a protein of m.w. 12,000, pI 5.5 identified as beta 2-microglobulin, a (m.w. 12,000, pI 7.0) nonglycosylated protein, was detected on two dimensional gels. This protein does not cross-react with beta 2 microglobulin, and its amount varied in different T6 preparations. The tissue distribution, the m.w. the association with beta 2-microglobulin, and the limited structural heterogeneity of T6 support the idea that T6 is the human homologue of the murine thymus leukemia antigen (TL). PMID- 7033377 TI - Regulation of macrophage populations. III. The immunologic induction of exudates rich in Ia-bearing macrophages is a radiosensitive process. AB - We have evaluated some of the conditions regulating the selective augmentation of the Ia-positive macrophage population within immunologically induced exudates. Antigen-stimulated T cells secrete a protein referred to as macrophage- (Ia positive) recruiting factor (MIRF), which when injected i.p. stimulates a 10- to 20-fold increase in the number of Ia-positive exudate macrophages. This response is totally abrogated when mice are lethally irradiated before injection of MIRF or immune T cells. Adoptive transfer of bone marrow cells to irradiated mice substantially restores their ability to respond to the immunologic stimuli, even if the transferred bone marrow has itself been depleted of Ia-positive cells. It was also found that the high level of Ia-positive macrophages induced by MIRF requires a renewable stem cell source in order to be maintained. Finally, even when macrophages were elicited by injecting thioglycollate before irradiation, Ia positive cells were not induced in response to MIRF. These findings suggest that the target of MIRF in vivo may be restricted to a developmentally young cell within or recently derived from a stem cell compartment such as the bone marrow, and that Ia-positive and Ia-negative macrophages ultimately derive from a potentially common Ia-negative stem cell. PMID- 7033378 TI - Direct demonstration in intestinal secretions of an IgA memory response to orally administered Shigella flexneri antigens. PMID- 7033379 TI - Avidity of antibodies to dsDNA: comparison of IFT on Crithidia luciliae, Farr assay, and PEG assay. AB - The Farr assay is thought to detect only antibodies to DNA of relative high avidity. This is due to the high salt concentration of the employed ammonium sulfate precipitation, which dissociates DNA-anti-DNA complexes of low avidity. A recently introduced method to detect anti-DNA, the PEG assay, circumvents these dissociating reaction conditions by using polyethylene glycol instead of ammonium sulfate to precipitate the complexes; we therefore thought to measure antibodies to DNA of low avidity as well. We tested this assumption in several ways. It was found that the PEG assay detects a population of antibodies to DNA that are missed by the Farr assay. Complexes made with these antibodies were salt labile and could readily be dissociated by means of excess DNA, whereas Farr-positive antibodies formed stable complexes with DNA. Avidity studies using the method described by Celada et al. indicated that the anti-DNA detected by the PEG assay but missed by the Farr assay was of relatively low avidity. An inverse correlation between avidity and slope of the binding curves in the PEG assay was observed. These results confirm the notion that the PEG assay detects antibodies to DNA of low avidity. The fact that the Farr assay does not measure these antibodies confers possible diagnostic importance upon the PEG assay. PMID- 7033380 TI - Preliminary chemical and biologic characterization of (Fc)TRF: an Fc fragment induced T cell-replacing factor. AB - Fc fragment stimulation of Lyt-1+2- T lymphocytes triggers release of a T cell replacing factor, here called (Fc)TRF. Chemical and biologic characterization of (Fc)TRF has been undertaken to provide information for its comparison with other T cell factors. Preliminary chemical characterization by column chromatography and isoelectric focusing suggest (Fc)TRF activity resides in a class of acidic molecules that fall into two size classes of 58-60,000 daltons and 35-40,000 daltons. This factor is distinct from Interleukin 2 (IL 2) as it has no T cell growth-promoting or costimulator activity, although it can also be generated by Con A activation of murine spleen cells. By these results (Fc)TRF has been defined as a unique T cell-replacing activity that promotes differentiation of B lymphocytes to antibody-secreting cells. PMID- 7033381 TI - Immune response to phosphorylcholine. IX. Characterization of hybridoma anti TEPC15 antibodies. AB - Hybridoma antibodies against the PC-binding T15 BALB/c myeloma protein were raised by cell fusion with anti-T15 A/He immune cells. The idiotype specificity of these monoclonal anti-T15 antibodies was determined with a panel of different myeloma and hybridoma immunoglobulins. Two types of anti-T15 antibodies are seen. One reacts with a number of different IgA myeloma proteins and with serum IgA of certain strains of mice; this reactivity most likely is due to allotypy. The other group consists of anti-T15 antibodies that are specific for the T15 idiotype and are therefore termed anti-idiotypic. The bindings of the anti idiotype antibodies to T15 were specifically inhibited by T15 (F(ab')2 but not by other PC-binding myeloma proteins of different idiotypes. The relationship of the idiotype-specific anti-T15 antibodies to the PC-binding site of the T15 idiotype was analyzed by hapten inhibition of anti-idiotypic binding and by inhibition of BALB/c anti-PC splenic hemolytic plaque formation. Anti-T15 antibodies, for which the T15 binding is inhibited by PC or PC-BSA, also specifically inhibit anti-PC plaque formation. These antibodies are labeled site and near-site anti-idiotypic antibodies. Site and near-site-specific anti-idiotypic antibodies recognize different idiotopes on the T15 molecules. The possible differential biologic activities of these anti-idiotopes in idiotype network regulation is considered. PMID- 7033382 TI - The effect of specific antibody on antibody-independent interactions between E. coli J5 and human complement. AB - We previously reported that Escherichia coli J5, the galactose epimerase deficient mutant of E. coli O111:B4, can bind and activate purified human C1. The effects of hyperimmune rabbit anti-J5 IgG or IgM on E. coli J5 interactions with human C have been examined. Specific IgG or IgM increased the binding of 125I-C1 by J5. However, the rate of C1 activation, as determined by SDS-PAGE of eluted 125I-C1s, was decreased if bacteria were preincubated with immune IgG. Complexes formed between J5 preincubated with immune Ig and C1, under conditions in which all of the C1 was allowed to activate, consumed more C4 than J5 alone plus C1. However, the amount of C4 consumed per C1 molecule was identical for all bacteria preparations. Concentrations of specific IgG or IgM that significantly increased C1 binding did not appear to enhance C3b deposition upon incubation of E. coli J5 in NHS. Thus, although specific antibody may enhance C1 binding by E. coli J5, the ability of these additional C1 molecules to alter later events in the C cascade may depend on the control of C1 activation and its subsequent activity when bound to different membrane components. PMID- 7033383 TI - Characterization and functional properties of tumor cell lines in accessory cell replacement assays. AB - This study reports the initial phenotypic and functional characterization of a series of cloned, murine, myelomonocytic tumors and their parent cell line WEHI 3, and a group of murine B lymphoma tumors. The tumor cell lines of the myelomonocytic lineage demonstrated the ability to reconstitute a macrophage depleted, primary in vitro anti-SRBC PFC response, but only marginally enhanced an accessory cell-depleted, ova-primed, lymphocyte proliferation in vitro response. The B lymphoma tumors displayed exactly the reverse functional profile, being highly efficient in reconstitution of the proliferation response, but not supporting the SRBC PFC response. Detailed analysis of the cell surface phenotype of the various B lymphoma tumors used in this study show they display cell surface markers characteristic of normal B lymphocytes but are heterogeneous in their various stages of differential arrest. Future work will concentrate on the orchestration of Ia-mediated and soluble factor-mediated (IL 1) modalities of antigen-triggering of lymphocytes by these B lymphoma and myelomonocytic tumor cell lines. PMID- 7033384 TI - The use of conglutinin in a quantitative assay for the presence of cell-bound C3bi and evidence that a single molecule of C3bi is capable of binding conglutinin. AB - We have developed a quantitative assay for cell surface C3bi using 125I-labeled conglutinin. Conglutinin was purified to homogeneity from bovine serum and radiolabeled with 125I Bolton Hunter reagent. Conditions of time, temperature, ionic strength, and cell concentration that optimized the binding of conglutinin to erythrocytes bearing C3bi were then determined. The interaction between conglutinin and C3bi under these conditions was highly specific, since EAC4b3b, EAC4b3d, EAC4b3b-beta IH, and EAC4b treated with serum did not bind radioconglutinin significance better with EA or EAC4b. Using this assay, was examined the kinetics of inactivation of both human and guinea pig C3b bound to erythrocytes and showed that, for both, maximum conglutinin binding occurred after EAC4b3b had been incubated with a source of beta 1H and C3INA for 10 to 20 min at 37 degrees C.l We showed a linear relationship between the number of molecules of C3bi per erythrocyte and the amount of conglutinin bound for both guinea pig and human C3bi. The affinity of conglutinin for cell-bound C3bi was shown to be independent of C3bi density on the erythrocyte surface, and the Kd for conglutinin binding to erythrocytes bearing human C3bi was determined to be 1.3 X 10(-8) M. The number of conglutinin binding sites per erythrocyte as calculated from Scatchard plots was equal to the number of C3bi molecules on the cell surface as determined by direct assay using 125I-labeled C3. Moreover, for both human and guinea pig C3bi, the plot of log (cell surface C3bi) vs log (conglutinin bound) had a slope of 1. These findings imply that a single molecule of C3bi is capable of binding a molecule of conglutinin under the conditions of our assay. PMID- 7033385 TI - Anti-f Met-Leu-Phe: similarities in fine specificity with the formyl peptide chemotaxis receptor of the neutrophil. AB - We have prepared antisera in both rabbits and rats against f Met-Leu-Phe conjugated to a variety of carrier proteins. Over 40 peptides with widely varying reactivity for the neutrophil formylpeptide receptor have been tested for their ability to bind to rabbit antibody raised against fMLP10-BSA. Structure-activity studies of peptides structurally related to f Met-Leu-Phe demonstrate that the N formyl group is mandatory for maximum antibody binding activity. Methionine in position 1 and phenylalanine in position 3 are found to confer maximum binding activity. Stereoselectivity of the antibody-combining site also has been demonstrated. Comparison of the ability of the peptides to bind to the antibody receptor with their reactivity for the neutrophil has demonstrated a strong correlation in the rank order of reactivity of the numerous synthetic peptides: for the alpha NH2-acyl group, r = 0.94; for position 1, r = 0.90; for position 2, r = 0.97; and for position 3, r = 0.78. This strong correlation is seen across species lines with both rabbit and rat antibodies. Significant differences, however, in the specificity of the antibody and neutrophil receptors are seen at the carboxyl terminus of phenylalanine, and beyond the phenylalanine ring, r = 0.29. In addition, bacterial chemotactic factor-enriched butanol extracts from Escherichia coli culture filtrates can also bind to anti-f Met-Leu-Phe, affording additional evidence for the similarity in the structure of the bacterial chemotactic factor to the synthetic chemotactic peptides. PMID- 7033386 TI - IgG rheumatoid factor. Detection by enzyme immunoassay in rheumatoid arthritis and normal subjects. AB - IgG rheumatoid factors were demonstrated by enzyme immunoassay using, as antigen, goat antibodies to human serum albumin in the form of immune complexes. Elevated levels of IgG rheumatoid factor were noted in the majority of patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis but also relatively often in normal blood donors. Reactivity of IgG rheumatoid factor was in most instances inhibitable by IgG from various species, including man. Exceptionally, restricted specificity towards IgG from bovidae, was recognized. PMID- 7033387 TI - Primary antibody response of rabbit blood lymphocytes in vitro. AB - This paper describes a method for in vitro induction of a primary response of rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes to sheep red blood cells. The response is measured by visualizing and enumerating the plaque-forming cells (PFC). Removal of an adhering suppressor cell and use of a low cell concentration in culture are among the crucial requirements. Maximum response was usually reached after 10--15 days of culture. The number of PFC then decreased or stayed at roughly plateau level at least up to the fourth week of culture, when most of the experiments were terminated. In several instances the response had a cyclical character with repeating peaks of PFC. Only plaques of the direct type were found. PMID- 7033388 TI - Improvement of LIF release by mononuclear cell cultures by 24 h incubation before stimulation with ConA. AB - By measuring granulocyte migration from clotted plasma droplets placed in Microtest II plates, leucocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF) production by concanavalin A (ConA) stimulated mononuclear cell (MNC) cultures was tested. Moderate LIF production was observed when mononuclear cells were pulsed with ConA at 0 h, as compared with cells stimulated after 24 h culture which produced a significantly increased amount of LIF. Fresh adherent cells, when added to 24 h incubated MNC cultures before ConA stimulation, decreased LIF production, in contrast to in vitro irradiated or overnight cultured adherent cells. Indomethacin, when present during exposure to a ConA pulse of either MNC or of adherent cell-rich 24 h incubated MNC cultures, improved LIF activity significantly. This suggests that prostaglandin producing adherent cells, presumably cooperating with radiosensitive short-lived immunoregulatory T cells, are involved in suppression of LIF production by MNC cultures stimulated by ConA at 0 h. PMID- 7033389 TI - An immunofluorescent method for specific staining of eosinophil granule major basic protein. PMID- 7033390 TI - January 1982: 75th birthday of the ISMA Journal. History and highlights Indiana State Medical Association and its journal. PMID- 7033391 TI - 'The spark within.'. PMID- 7033392 TI - [The neurological organisation of vesico-sphincter function (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of fundamental data drawn from urodynamic study of vesico-sphincter function, the authors begin by a review of the various mechanisms of vesico sphincter coordination. They then study the neurological control of vesico sphincter automatic activity. The review of the general organisation of the nervous system is certainly of great value to urologists who are not familiar with neuro-urological problems. This is followed by a more specific study of the neuro-anatomy of the nerve centres and pathways involved in vesico-sphincter automatic activity. Then a review of the reflex centres and their efferent pathways. This is followed finally by a study of integrated reflexes which offers the possibility of an approach to the alternation of phases of filling and micturition, then vesico-sphincter coordination during the phase of filling and the phase of micturition. PMID- 7033393 TI - Biochemical composition of the epidermal-dermal junction and other basement membrane. PMID- 7033395 TI - Cultured human epidermal cells do not synthesize HLA-DR. AB - All nucleated cells express HLA-A, B, and C antigens. However, only a few cells, including epidermal cells, demonstrate HLA-DR antigens which are potent transplantation immunogens in man. The current study was undertaken to determine if epidermal cell continue to synthesize and/or express HLA-DR antigens after prolonged in vitro culture. Epidermal cells cultured for 7 days or more no longer stimulated allogeneic lymphocytes in the epidermal cell-lymphocyte reaction. Indirect immunofluorescence light microscopy of cultured cells using mouse monoclonal antibody to HLA-DR antigen confirmed that these cells do not express HLA-DR antigens whereas they retain beta 2-microglobulin. Detergent extracts of 12-day cultured epidermal cells biosynthetically labeled with 35 S-methionine were immunoprecipitated with monoclonal anti-DR antibody and analyzed by the method of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No radiolabeled proteins were found on these gels in the regions where HLA-DR molecules are known to migrate. These data indicate that HLA-DR antigen is absent from cultured epidermal cells. Finally, we describe a technique for growing epidermal cells on a gelatin membrane which allows subsequent removal of intact cell monolayers from the culture dish. Such monolayers may be useful for purposes of transplantation. PMID- 7033394 TI - Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of membrane proteins in normal and neoplastic epidermal cells. AB - Cell surface proteins of normal human, mouse, and rat cells in primary culture, of human basal cell carcinoma, and of carcinogen-transformed cell lines were examined by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination. Autoradiography was used to record the distribution of label in the polypeptide subunits separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. There was no significant difference in the results for normal cells of human, mouse, and rat. On the other hand, carcinogen-transformed mouse cells had many more labeled polypeptide bands of widely distributed molecular weights. The iodination profiles from human basal cell carcinoma cells were much more akin to those from normal cells than to those from carcinogen-transformed cells. Treatment of iodinated cells with proteolytic enzymes visibly altered the polypeptide bands. PMID- 7033396 TI - Functional evidence for complement-activating immune complexes in the skin of patients with bullous pemphigoid. AB - Previous immunofluorescent studies showing deposits of immunoglobulin and complement at the cutaneous basement membrane zone have provided evidence supporting a role for immune complexes in the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid. In this study the functional activity of the deposits has been examined using leukocyte attachment, a method for detecting and quantitating the biological activity of complement-activating immune complexes in tissues. When peripheral blood leukocytes suspended in serum complement were incubated with cryostat sections of lesional and adjacent normal-appearing skin from 9 patients with pemphigoid, skin from 11 normal controls and lesional skin from 14 nonpemphigoid disease controls there was significantly greater attachment of leukocytes to the basement membrane zone of lesional bullous pemphigoid skin compared to normal appearing pemphigoid skin and skin of both control groups. A significant reduction in attachment in the absence of serum complement suggested the reaction was dependent on activation of complement by tissue-deposited complexes. Although leukocyte attachment was greater in lesional than normal-appearing pemphigoid skin, a comparison of the incidence and intensity of cutaneous IgG and complement immunofluorescence between the 2 groups showed no significant differences. Furthermore, no correlation between leukocyte attachment and serum titers of immunoglobulin G or complement-binding anti-basement membrane zone antibodies was observed. These results suggest that immune reactants in lesional pemphigoid skin are functional complement-activating immune complexes, that differences exist between the activity of complexes in lesional and normal-appearing pemphigoid skin and may explain why lesions develop at some sites and not others. PMID- 7033397 TI - Quantitative bacteriology of amniotic fluid from women with clinical intraamniotic infection at term. AB - Amniotic fluid was collected through an intrauterine catheter from 52 women with clinical intraamniotic infection and from 52 uninfected matched control women. The amniotic fluid was cultured quantitatively for anaerobes and aerobes. Patients with intraamniotic infection were matched with the control women on the basis of gestational age, interval from membrane rupture to specimen collection, and interval from membrane rupture to delivery. The patients with intraamniotic infection had a significantly higher mean temperature (38.4 vs. 37.1 C) and a higher mean leukocyte count (15,740 vs. 11,740 cells/mm3). In 80.6% of specimens from the women with intraamniotic infection and 30.8% of those from the control subjects, greater than or equal to 10(2) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml were isolated from the amniotic fluid (P less than 0.001). Also, in 69.2% of the former and 7.7% of the latter, there were greater than or equal to 10(2) cfu of isolates considered to be "high-virulence" isolates/ml (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7033398 TI - Delta infection and liver disease in hemophilic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - The prevalence of infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated delta (delta) agent was assessed in 277 treated hemophiliacs (primarily adolescents and adults) and 24 treated hemophilic children. Hemophiliacs who carry hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are at high risk of delta infection. Antibody to delta (anti delta) was found in 14 (49%) of 29 HBsAg-positive adult or adolescent hemophiliacs and four (25%) of 16 HBsAg-positive hemophilic children; it was identified in none of the patients without serologic evidence of exposure to HBV and only occasionally and in low titers in hemophiliacs convalescent from HBV infection. Either histologic or biochemical evidence of chronic hepatitis was found in 10 (56%) of 18 HBsAg-positive hemophiliacs with anti-delta. In two patients with anti-delta a potentially pathogenic role for delta was suggested by the intrahepatic expression of delta antigen, detected by immunofluorescence. It appears that delta infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease in hemophiliacs. PMID- 7033399 TI - Enhanced detection with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of candida mannan in antibody-containing serum after heat extraction. AB - A double-antibody, solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for detection of candida antigen(s) in serum and body fluids. The assay detected mannan purified from Candida albicans cells with a sensitivity of 1 ng/ml in buffer, but it was 1,000-fold less sensitive in pooled human serum. Because antibody appeared to be the major blocking factor in serum, a rapid and efficient heat-extraction method for recovering mannan from antibody-containing serum was devised. The assay detected antigenemia within 24 hr in all of 30 lethally infected rats, and antigenemia persisted until their deaths. Eight of 15 patients with documented or suspected candidiasis had antigenemia at levels ranging from 5 to greater than 1,000 ng/ml. PMID- 7033400 TI - Correlation of serum bactericidal activity with antimicrobial agent level and minimal bactericidal concentration. AB - Few data are available to show how serum dilution test results correlate with results of antimicrobial assays and determinations of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). Serum dilution tests were performed for 65 patients with bacteremia from serious infections. Assays for antimicrobial agent levels and determinations fo MICs and MBCs against the infecting organisms were performed simultaneously. Mueller Hinton broth and Mueller-Hinton broth supplemented with Ca++, Mg++, and pooled human serum were compared as diluents for the serum either medium yielded positive correlations, better correlations were found between measured and expected serum bactericidal activities when both ther serum dilution test dilutions and the MIC and MBC determinations were done in the supplemented MHB human serum solution. PMID- 7033401 TI - BK papovavirus infections in renal transplant recipients: contribution of donor kidneys. AB - Infections due to BK papovavirus frequently occur in renal transplant recipients [2] and may be involved in a variety of syndromes, including ureteral obstruction, deterioration of graft function, and pancreatic disease. The source of the BK papovavirus in these cases is not clear. Because the renal allograft has been implicated as a source of primary cytomegalovirus infections in renal transplant recipients [3], we investigated the possibility that donor kidneys may also contribute to the transmission of BK papovavirus. A fourfold or greater increase in titers of HAI antibodies to BK papovavirus was observed in 55 (24%) of 230 renal transplant recipients. Seronegative recipients who received kidneys from seropositive donors were 3.5 times more likely to develop an infection due to BK papovavirus than were seronegative recipients of kidneys from seronegative donors. The antibody status of the donor did not affect the likelihood of an increase in titers of antibody to BK papovavirus in seropositive recipients. These results suggest that BK papovavirus may be transmitted with transplanted kidneys and that transplant recipients who are at risk for primary infection by this route are more than twice as likely to have increased titers of antibody to BK papovavirus as those who are at risk for the reactivation of an infection. Further studies should be performed to define the relative role of cadaver vs. living, related kidney donors in the transmission of BK papovavirus and the clinical syndromes that are related to primary and reactivated infections. PMID- 7033402 TI - [The molecular basis of manifestation of function for vitamin B12 coenzymes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033403 TI - [Mechanism of envelope protein localization in Escherichia coli (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033404 TI - [Thiamine transport in microorganisms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033405 TI - [Biochemical aspects of adjuvants (immunopotentiators) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033406 TI - [Systematic studies on the chemical structures of sphingoglycolipids of erythrocyte membranes and central nervous system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033407 TI - [Function of gamma-aminobutyric acid in central nervous system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033408 TI - [Recent progress in lysosomes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033409 TI - [Calmodulin from Tetrahymena and its peculiarity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033410 TI - [Nucleosomal histone acetyltransferase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033411 TI - [Human ovarian myosarcoma and its cell culture (author's transl)]. AB - One case of a very rare myosarcoma of ovarium origin was observed and establishment of its cell lines from the fluid obtained by paracentitis was accomplished. This report is on the determination of the tumor and the biological characteristics of its cultured cells. (Determination of the tumor) (1) This tumor was diagnosed as a malignant of the right ovary, using bimanual examination, selective angiography of the uterine artery, ultrasonic tomography, and abdominal ascitic cell examination. (2) The morphological type of tumor was based findings of hematoxylin eosin. Silver, Mallory and phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin stainings. The tumor was diagnosed as an ovarian sarcoma and probably myogenic. However, a clear cross strain could not be demonstrated. (Cell biological characteristics) (1) Morphological characteristics of cultured cells: a) Phase-contrast microscopy and Papanicolaou staining revealed round or short and spindle shaped cells, with markedly enlarged nucleoli. These proliferated without exhibiting any tendency of contact inhibition. Also frequently recognized were giant cells, multinuclear cells, an some bizarre such as a starfish-shaped cell. b) Electron microscopy revealed that bundles of fibrils regarded as myofibrils existed in the cytoplasma, with dense patches within them, but a cross strain could not be demonstrated. (2) Morphological characteristics of the tumor cells grown in a nude mouse: a) The tumor cells demonstrated similarities to the original tissues by of H.E., Silver, and Mallary stainings. b) A number of fibrils recognized by the electron microscopic observation were 100 A in width and were arranged in a concentric circles. In addition to the light microscopic findings, the above findings indicated that this cell line originated from myogenic sarcoma. (3) Biological characteristics of the cultured cells: a) The number of chromosomes varied widely and spread aneuploidically, the highest chromosome number was 76. b) Doubling time, Saturation density, and plating efficiency was 31.2 hr, 1.2 x 10(5)/cm2 and 43.9% respectively. c) These cells had a high sensitivity for trypsin and started morphological change rapidly. PMID- 7033412 TI - [Honoring Theodor Billroth by attaining a hundred years since his first success in gastric cancer resection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033413 TI - [Retention of three different luting cements (author's transl)]. AB - Employing zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements, effect of cement layer thickness on retention of crowns at their axial wall was investigated. Stainless steel preparations and occlusally perforated crowns having taper angles of 2.9 and 5.7 degrees were cemented, regulating the thickness at the axial wall from 5 to 60 mu. These dies were stored in a 100% relative humidity atmosphere at room temperature or in distilled water. After 48 hr, retention was measured, applying the load vertically to occlusal preparation surface through a plunger (Fig. 1). Due to the inclusion of unreacted powder particles in the set structure of all three cements, evidence of a critical value was always shown in the cement thickness-retention relationship (Figs. 2, 3 and 4). When the cement thickness was reduced below the critical value, the retention increased remarkably and was not affected by the environment. Above the critical value, however, the retention of these cements was relatively small and affected considerably by the environment. By water immersion, the increase in the retention was found for the two polyacrylate, but not for the zinc phosphate. Correlation between retention and mechanical strengths of the three cements in the respective environments was indefinite. PMID- 7033414 TI - [Studies on the accuracy of the castings. (Part 10) On the effects of starting time of the heat to phosphate bonded investment mold (author's transl)]. AB - Properties of phosphate bonded investments are superior than that of plaster bonded investments in mechanical properties, expansional values for compensating to the casting shrinkage of alloys, and refractory resistance. Therefore, phosphate bonded investments have been available to casting for high fusing alloys. But, their properties are varied easily by manipulating. In this report, two commercial products of Cerami Gold (Whip--Mix Corp.) and Ceravest (G--C Dental Industrial Corp.) were used. They were studied on setting expansion, thermal expansion, compressive strength, change of pH value caused by setting reaction, decrement of weight, casting accuracy and roughness of castings in process of time. Results were follows; 1. The weight decrement of investment mold were about 1.5% on Cerami Gold and 3.5% on Ceravest at 24 hours after the mold had been prepared. 2. pH value of Cerami Gold investment mold changed to 8.5 from 7.0 at 5 hours after mixing, but that of Ceravest investment mold changed to 9.0 from 7.0 at 3 hours. 3. The setting expansion of Cerami Gold investment was caused about 0.9% at 3 hours and that of Ceravest investment was about 0.3% at 1 hour ater mixing. Since then, they were to be constant. 4. The thermal expansion of Cerami Gold investment was decreased by elapsed time until 3 hours after mixing, and then since passing at 5 hours, they were increased. But, that of Ceravest investment was decreased in process of time. 5. The compressive strength of both investments were increased as long as elapsed time after setting. Heating at 800 degrees C in the oven, it was 100--110 Kg/cm2 regardless of time on Ceravest investment, and other was 170 kg/cm2 which was increased until passing 5 hours. 6. The roughness of castings surface were similar to the mold surface and they were H3 12--16 microns which were decreased as elapsed time after investment was mixed. 7. Accurate castings were produced by the mold heated after 24 hours, using with Cerami Gold investment. On the Ceravest investment, it was 30 minutes of 5 hours after mixing. PMID- 7033415 TI - [Cast structures and mechanical properties of Ir added to Ag-based alloys. (Part 1) (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of very small quantity of Ir added to pure Agb or Ab-based casting alloys on the mechanical properties were investigated by microstructure observation, tensile test, XMA (electron probe micro analysis) and electrical resistivity measurement. 1) An addition of 0.005% Ir to pure Ag caused grain refinement, increased elongation, yield point, tensile strength. However, the refinement effect did not proportionally increase to the amount of additional Ir. 2) An addition of Ir to Ag alloy containing 7% Cu caused to finely dispersed beta phase in the as cast alloy and degraded the dendrite structure. As a result, homogenization and aging were accelerated. Mechanical properties i. e. elongation, yield point and tensile strength increased in castings and homogeneous state and yield point increased in aging state. The addition of about 0.05% Ir appeared optimum. 3) An addition of Ir to an Ag alloy containing 15% Cu caused grain refinement of the alloy as cast but its effect on the mechanical properties of the alloy was not clarified owing to casting defects. 4) 0.05% Ir added to an Ag alloy containing 20% Pd and 7% Cu did not show an apparent refinement effect. The optimum quantity of Ir is assumed to differ depending on the amount of Pd content. PMID- 7033416 TI - [Dental practice and hepatitis B.--A review of some recent investigations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033417 TI - [Analysis of jaw movement pattern and muscular electric discharge under sudden changes in the occlusal system]. PMID- 7033418 TI - Insulin. PMID- 7033419 TI - Bone marrow transplantation: a concise overview. PMID- 7033420 TI - Presidential address: a personal testament--reflections on the Tower of Babel. PMID- 7033421 TI - Insulin modulation of antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and the detection of antireceptor antibodies. AB - Insulin and insulin receptors may play a role in the modulation of cytotoxic effector cell function. We have investigated the effects of insulin on ADCC. At low effector-to-target cell ratios, the addition of insulin resulted in a dose dependent reduction of erythrocyte target cell lysis but not lysis of tumor target cells. In a patient with insulin resistance, total lipodystrophy, and a demonstrable reduction in specific insulin binding to circulating monocytes, ADCC for erythrocyte target cells was unaffected by the addition of insulin. In addition, incubation of normal effector cells in patient's serum similarly abrogated the effect of insulin. The failure of insulin to inhibit ADCC for erythrocyte target cells may serve as a reliable and simple assay for the demonstration of altered insulin receptors or for the detection of anti-insulin receptor antibodies. PMID- 7033422 TI - Effect of acetate on ketogenesis during hemodialysis. AB - The concentration of plasma acetate, glucose, and ketone bodies were determined for both venous and arterial blood before and at the end of dialysis with an acetate-containing dialysate. We also determined lactate and pyruvate levels in arterial plasma. The results obtained in the same patients were compared when dialysis were done with or without glucose and discussed in terms of hormonal changes (insulin, glucagon). Arterial plasma acetate (p less than 0.001) and ketone body levels (p less than 0.05) increased significantly during dialysis both with glucose and without glucose (p less than 0.001 in both cases). Higher end-dialysis arterial levels were found for the latter set of glucose-free dialysis (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.001, respectively, for acetate and ketone bodies), and a correlation was established between end-dialysis arterial concentrations of acetate and ketone bodies. This suggests high consumption of both endogenous and exogenous acetate to feed ketogenesis. This is concurrent with decreased insulin and high glucagon levels. Under these conditions, plasma accumulation of ketone bodies would facilitate an indirect elimination of acetate by the dialyzer (about 10% of the acetate load). Our results suggest that hormone variations during glucose-free dialysis which promote fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis from acetyl groups hinder acetate-dependent lipogenesis. PMID- 7033423 TI - The British medical profession and the first audiometers. PMID- 7033424 TI - House-staff officers: collective bargaining in the health care system. PMID- 7033425 TI - Intestinal lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 7033426 TI - Beneficial effects of an anabolic steroid during cytotoxic chemotherapy for metastatic cancer. AB - To investigate the effects of concurrent administration of an anabolic steroid upon hematopoiesis and metabolism in patients with cancer who were receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, a randomized trial was conducted. Thirty-three evaluable patients received intensive multiple-agent chemotherapy: 17 received in addition nandrolone decanoate ("Deca-Durabolin"), 200 mg intramuscularly each week. The nandrolone-treated patients showed significantly better maintenance of hemoglobin concentrations and body weight, and a highly significant reduction in number of blood transfusions. Improved survival in the androgen-treated patients did not achieve significance. There were no differences in neutrophil or platelet counts or in tolerance of cytotoxic drugs. Toxicity from nandrolone therapy was minimal. PMID- 7033427 TI - The prognostic value of immunofluorescence from oral swabs in patients with tonsillar carcinoma. AB - Fifty patients with various stages of squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil were included in the study. All sera of these patients contained antitumor antibodies of the IgG type, which seem to be directed against individual-specific and group specific tumor cell surface antigen. Different dilutions of autologous antibodies were tested against the tumor specimen as well as against oral swabs taken from the patients after therapy. The autologous antitumor antibodies were visualized on the tumor cell and on the cytology swab by FITC conjugated antibodies from rabbits (anti-human IgG) in the indirect immunofluorescent assay. Although the use of autologous sera avoids the need of absorption, absorption of sera with autologous tumor cells eliminates the reaction completely, with allogenic tumors partially (Lewis et al., 1972). The prognostic value of humoral immune response in detecting recurrence (immunofluorescence study of oral swabs) is shown by the following observation. After operation swabs taken from the patient's tumor sites are immunofluorescence negative. In case of recurrence, the cells became positive 3-6 months before local recurrence of the tumor could be clinically detected. PMID- 7033428 TI - Reversal of possible marrow graft rejection with plasma exchange therapy. AB - A patient with severe aplastic anemia underwent bone marrow transplantation from her HLA identical sister after a prolonged transfusion history and clinical evidence of shortened red cell and platelet survival. Following the transplant, she exhibited minimal graft vs. host disease which resolved, and was discharged with normal blood counts. Because of falling hemoglobulin, platelets and white blood cell counts 8 weeks following the transplant, graft rejection was suspected. High dose steroid therapy apparently had no effect, since the hematologic parameters continued to fall. She underwent two plasma exchanges, after which all hematologic parameters returned to normal, and she continues to exhibit normal parameters seven months after the transplant. Although other explanations for the reversal of the apparent graft rejection can be considered, the case is presented to call attention to the possibility that plasma exchange, by possibly removing circulating inhibitors of bone marrow function, may be useful and simple method for dealing with graft rejection. PMID- 7033429 TI - UAB physician/scientist Dr. Bennett owes it all to Yellow Label Syrup. PMID- 7033430 TI - The orchid judge of Calhoun County. PMID- 7033431 TI - Clinical notes on His Excellency James Elisha "Big Jim" Folsom-Governor of Alabama (1947-1951 and 1955-1959). PMID- 7033432 TI - Correspondences between biomathematical and causal models for clinical decision making. AB - Due to incompleteness and other uncertainties, biomathematical models are unsuitable for direct use in clinical decision making. In this research work, we develop a procedure to derive clinical decision-making causal models from mathematical representation. The process involves obtaining the determination ordering for an incompletely specified system of equations. The concept of determination ordering is extended to dynamic systems of equations, in order to derive clinically usable models. The procedure to transform biomathematical models into causal representation has been machine-implemented for fluid flow models of the eye. A case-structured natural language system (CHRONOS) has been developed to accept, process, and store causal as well as biomathematical models. The system obtains the determination ordering for the biomathematical models and stores their causal representation. The system has the capability to compare the causal models. The deductive capabilities of the system can be used by a clinician to consult the diagnostic reasonings of the biomathematical and causal models. PMID- 7033433 TI - A new simple and rapid method for induction of both germ tube and chlamydospore formation by Candida albicans. PMID- 7033434 TI - Receptor for immunoglobulin Fc on pathogenic but not on nonpathogenic protozoa of the Trypanosomatidae. AB - Members of the Trypanosomatidae were studied for their ability to acquire host IgG through a possible Fc receptor. A simple rosette test was devised in which the different species and forms of protozoa were mixed with SRBC sensitized with subagglutinating does of IgG, IgM, and F (ab') 2 anti-SRBC, and the pelleted mixture was observed for the number of clumps (rosettes) formed between the parasites and SRBC. Rosettes were formed between parasites and SRBC sensitized with IgG but not with IgM or F(ab')2, indicating the presence of a receptor for IgG Fc. The specificity of this receptor for Fc was confirmed by inhibition experiments with normal rabbit aggregated gammaglobulins or with purified normal rabbit Fc. The receptor is sensitive to treatment with trypsin but regenerates after a short period of incubation (1 h), which indicates that it is synthesized by the parasite itself. Interesting was the observation that only pathogenic members of the Trypanosomatidae formed rosettes with sensitized SRBC. In none of the nonpathogenic forms studied could we demonstrate the Fc receptor. Also important was the finding that freshly isolated blood stream forms of Trypanosoma cruzi from infected mice did not form rosettes. However, after trypsinization, these forms clearly displayed the ability to do so, possibly indicating a previous acquisition of the host IgG by the parasites in the mouse blood stream. These findings point to a possible and important means of parasite evasion of the host immune response by masking their surface with host IgG. PMID- 7033435 TI - Renal localization of the membrane attack complex in systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis. AB - The membrane attack complex (MAC) of the complement system was localized in both glomeruli and peritubular regions of 22 kidneys manifesting systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) nephritis. A similar distribution was observed for immune complex markers (IgG, Clq, and C3) and MAC in glomeruli, although the deposits of MAC were more discrete and showed lesser immunofluorescence staining intensity compared with immunoglobulins and complement components. In contrast, peritubular immune complexes were present in only 7 out of 22 kidneys, involved comparatively small clusters of tubules, exhibited weaker immunofluorescence staining than MAC, and failed to correlate with interstitial foci of inflammation. Granular or irregular, linear aggregates of the MAC were observed at the periphery of larger groups of tubules contiguous to areas of interstitial inflammation. Comparable amounts of IgG, Clq, C3, and MAC were present in blood vessel walls in areas of fibrinoid necrosis. These data suggest that the MAC is a direct mediator of tissue injury occurring in renal glomeruli, tubules, and blood vessels. The discordance between immune complexes and MAC localized in the peritubular region, but not in glomeruli or blood vessels, raises the possibility that both immune complexes and nonimmune agents, such as bacterial antigens, may activate the classical or alternative complement pathways and thereby play a role in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial lesions of SLE nephritis. PMID- 7033436 TI - Interstitial mononuclear cell populations in renal graft rejection. Identification by monoclonal antibodies in tissue sections. AB - The interstitial mononuclear cell populations of 22 renal grafts with interstitial rejection (IR), 6 grafts with interstitial nephritis without rejection (IN), and 5 kidneys without infiltration (3 donor kidneys, 2 grafts) were identified and quantitated by monoclonal antibodies recognizing T cells (TA 1, OKT3), helper inducer cells (OKT4), cytotoxic/suppressor cells (OKT8), B cells (BA-1), and monocytes and null cells (OKM1). Double-layer fluorochrome enhancement using F(ab')(2) reagents and nuclear counter staining with ethidium bromide enabled quantitation of the number of positive mononuclear cells, interstitial cells, and total cells on each of 30-55 microscopic fields per tissue section. T cells were the most abundant infiltrating cell in tissues with IR (35 +/- 9.8 percent), significantly higher than that seen in IN (21 +/- 16 percent) or in kidneys without infiltration (5.0 +/- 3.9 percent). The percentage of T cells identified by TA-1 or OKT3 was approximately equivalent to the summation of OKT4 plus OKT8. Although no differences were observed in the percentage of OKT4 cells, the percentage of OKT8 was significantly higher in IR (26 +/- 7.7 percent, P {less than} 10(-4)) than in IN (9.3 +/- 6.2 percent) or in kidneys with normal interstitium (3.0 +/- 2.4 percent). The ratio of OKT8/OKT4 positive T cells in 22 graft tissues with IR (3.2 +/- 1.4) was greater (P {less than} 0.0007) than 6 graft tissues with IN without rejection (0.82 +/- 0.39) and the 5 kidney tissues without interstitial infiltration (0.75 +/- 0.25). There was no significant difference between the groups in the relatively low percentage of interstitial cells identified as B cells reacting with BA-1 or containing S(IgD,M). The percentage of interstitial cells recognized by OKM1 was similar in rejection and interstitial nephritis, with both being greater than controls (P {less than} 0.02). The relative numbers of blood mononuclear cells identified by the monoclonal antibodies was generally not predictive of the proportions present in kidney tissue, although OKT4-positive blood cells were less numerous and OKMI+ blood cells were more numerous than in controls (P {less than} 0.002). Quantitative analysis of identifiable interstitial cells in graft rejection reveals that most infiltrating cells are T cells, the greater proportion of which are recognized by OKT8. OKT8-positive cells may play an important role in mediating renal graft rejection. PMID- 7033437 TI - Restoration of immunogenicity to passenger cell-depleted kidney allografts by the addition of donor strain dendritic cells. AB - The immunogenicity of long-surviving, enhanced (AS X AUG)F1 renal allografts retransplanted into secondary AS recipients was restored by the injection of small numbers of donor strain dendritic cells derived from afferent lymph. Whereas 1 X 10(4) to 5 X 10(4) dendritic cells were able to trigger an acute rejection response, neither the passenger volume of donor strain blood nor 5 X 10(6) T or B lymphocytes were able to do so, thereby demonstrating more than a 100-fold difference in immunogenic potency. It is concluded that intrarenal dendritic cells provide the major immunogenic stimulus of a kidney allograft. These results suggest that the antigenic strength of major histocompatibility complex-incompatible tissue correlates with the content of donor strain dendritic cells. They also provide further evidence that antigens of the major histocompatibility complex behave like conventional antigens unless they are on the surface of allogeneic dendritic cells. PMID- 7033439 TI - Socrates revisited: his relevance today. PMID- 7033438 TI - Role of Ia antigens in graft vs. host reactions. II. Molecular and functional analysis of T cell alloreactivity by the characterization of host Ia antigens on alloactivated donor T cells. AB - Graft vs. host response (GVHR)-activated donor T cells bind to stimulatory host cell-derived Ia antigens. Radioimmune cell-binding assays demonstrate that activated donor T cells acquire both host I-A and I-E alloantigens on their surface. Approximately threefold to fivefold less I-E products than I-A products are transferred. Immunoprecipitation and one-dimensional and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analyses show that radioiodinated alpha and beta polypeptide chains of both I-A and I-E-encoded host Ia molecules may be transferred in an apparently structurally unaltered form from host cells to donor cells. Biosynthetic studies indicate that [35S]methionine-labeled activated donor T cells do not synthesize Ia antigens of the donor haplotype. Functional analyses with fluorescence-activated cell sorter sorted donor T cell subpopulations show that donor T cells that bind host I-A antigens preferentially cooperate with nonimmune host B cells. Donor T cells that do not bind detectable amounts of host I-A antigens preferentially help nonimmune donor B cells. By contrast, donor T cells that either bind or do not bind host I-A antigens display no H-2-restricted interaction and help both donor and host immune B cells. These data reveal that the Ia antigen-binding specificity of distinct functional subpopulations of alloactivated donor T cells regulates their I-region-restricted (self or allo) helper activity for nonimmune B cells but not immune B cells. Furthermore, they suggest that T cell-macrophage and T cell-B cell collaboration is mediated by a complementary anti-Ia:Ia receptor:ligand type of interaction in which the receptor of a T cell binds to the ligand of an antigen-presenting macrophage and/or B cell. PMID- 7033440 TI - Renal prostaglandin E in essential hypertension: studies in patients with suppressed renin activity. PMID- 7033441 TI - [Studies on plasma active and inactive renins in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Part II. Plasma active and inactive in glomerulonephritis with and without nephrotic syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033442 TI - Severe group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection in children. PMID- 7033443 TI - [Studies on pathogenic Escherichia coli. Part 8. Purification and properties of exotoxin from capsular polysaccharide-synthesizing Escherichia coli]. PMID- 7033444 TI - Growth characteristics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus nidulans when biotin is replaced by aspartic and fatty acids. AB - When either aerobic or anaerobic cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were supplemented with aspartic and fatty acids in place of biotin, stationary phase populations were very small compared with those obtained in the presence of biotin. Similarly, these acids failed to fulfil the role of biotin-requiring strain of Aspergillus nidulans. Furthermore, a requirement for saturated fatty acid was found with anaerobically cultured S. cerevisiae. Cells were fragmented when biotin was replaced by aspartic and oleic acids alone, while cellular integrity was maintained, but with only slight growth, when biotin was replaced by oleic and palmitic acids together with aspartate. The importance of biotin in the growth of A. nidulans was particularly pronounced in the presence of glucose. In a medium containing glucose, growth ceased when biotin was replaced by aspartate and Tween 80 (a source of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids), but such replacement permitted a very small amount of growth to occur in the absence of glucose. PMID- 7033445 TI - Duplication cycle in filamentous forms of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain S288C/l was grown in a glucose-limited chemostat. At the fastest growth rates filamentous forms constituted a small percentage of the total cell number and were presumed to arise from the failure of cells to undergo cell separation. The phenomenon seemed to be distinct from chain formation, dimorphism and pseudomycelial growth and showed extensive analogies with the duplication cycle described for the filamentous fungi. PMID- 7033446 TI - Naturally occurring diploid isolates of Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Six wild isolates belonging to heterokaryon compatibility group A of the Birmingham Aspergillus nidulans collection were shown to be diploid. Five were proven heterozygous for a naturally occurring conditional lethal haploid genotype. It is considered unlikely that these diploids arose by mutation in storage. Consequently, somatic diploidy is a regular occurrence in the natural population of this saprophytic species. PMID- 7033447 TI - Characterization of two mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in coproporphyrinogen III oxidase activity. AB - Two new haem-deficient mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated on the basis of their catalase deficiency. Mutant H11 accumulated and excreted coproporphyrin III and was completely deficient in haem; the cell-free extract had no coproporphyrinogen oxidase activity. Mutant H12 accumulated uroporphyrin to coproporphyrin III and excreted coproporphyrin III, and contained a small amount of haem; the cell-free extract had a residual coproporphyrinogen oxidase activity. The two mutations were allelic and the mutant phenotypes were under the control of a single, recessive nuclear gene. PMID- 7033448 TI - Quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase from a non-methylotroph, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. AB - Acinetobacter calcoaceticus grown on ethanol contains an NAD(P)+-independent alcohol dehydrogenase which resembles methanol dehydrogenase from methylotrophic bacteria in many respects. Likewise, the prosthetic group of this enzyme appears to be identical to that of methanol dehydrogenase, namely, pyrrolo quinoline quinone. The organism is unable to grow on methanol, which means that quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases are not restricted to methylotrophs. Arguments are presented for the idea that quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases exist in other alkane- or alcohol-grown bacteria. Although the enzyme from A. calcoaceticus can be best compared with that from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila in that both have very low affinities for methanol and are activated by aliphatic amines, the two enzymes are immunologically and electrophoretically unrelated. Furthermore, the A. calcoaceticus enzyme shows the broadest substrate specificity hitherto known for this type of enzyme in that it also oxidizes higher aldehydes. The extent of hydration of aldehydes cannot account for the aldehyde substrate specificity of these enzymes but the concept of a dual substrate specificity for alcohols and aldehydes can explain this very well. The different properties of the two enzymes compared with those of methanol dehydrogenases cannot be ascribed to the presence of iron as both enzymes contained a negligible amount of this metal. PMID- 7033449 TI - Respiratory biogenesis during the cell cycle of aerobically grown Escherichia coli K 12. The accumulation and ligand binding of cytochrome o. AB - A quantitative assay is described for the measurement of cytochrome o in intact cells of E. coli. The procedure involves flash photolysis of the CO-liganded, reduced enzyme in the absence of O2 at temperatures (approx. -100 degrees C) at which the rate of recombination of CO is immeasurably slow. Other CO-binding pigments known to be present, particularly cytochrome d, are excluded from the photodissociation spectrum under these conditions. Measurement of the content of cytochrome o in bacteria separated into size (and thus age) classes by zonal centrifugation shows that the cytochrome accumulates continuously, probably exponentially, throughout the cell cycle and thus constitutes a constant proportion of cell protein during the cycle. The velocity of recombination of CO with cytochrome o at -65 degrees C is invariant over the cell cycle. PMID- 7033450 TI - Importance of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in protection of mice against Escherichia coli. AB - Bacterial growth and lethality of Escherichia coli infection of mice were enhanced by X-irradiation but not by treatment with carrageenan. Since carrageenan depletes macrophages but not polymorphonuclear leucocytes, it is concluded that protection against E. coli, at least in the early phases, depends mainly on polymorphonuclear leucocytes. PMID- 7033451 TI - Effect of preincubation temperature on the heat resistance of Escherichia coli having different fatty acid compositions. PMID- 7033452 TI - Simulation of the rat intestinal ecosystem using a two-stage continuous culture system. AB - To investigate the ecological mechanisms governing the community structure of the gut microbial ecosystem, we have attempted to simulate the rat gut ecosystem in vitro using a two-stage continuous culture. Extensive sampling of the rat hindgut has established a set of criteria with which the in vitro system may be compared. This paper discusses one of the criteria, the community composition and structure in vivo and in vitro. The experiments indicated that a gut microbial ecosystem could be satisfactorily mimicked in vitro. This was achieved using a two-stage continuous culture employing differential selection of species between the two stages on the basis of pH differences combined with cell recycling between stages. PMID- 7033453 TI - The maintenance of Plasmid-containing organisms in populations of Escherichia coli. AB - Populations of Escherichia coli containing a small non-conjugative plasmid were grown in carbon-limited continuous culture. For all plasmids tested the presence of the plasmid lowered the growth rate of the host bacterium, and the proportion of plasmid-containing organisms in the total population declined initially. However, periodically, adaptive changes occurred in plasmid-containing organisms which increased their growth rate. This resulted in oscillations in the proportion of plasmid-containing organisms, and the delayed loss of the plasmid from the population. PMID- 7033454 TI - Human serum complement requirements for bacterial killing and protoplast lysis of Escherichia coli ML308 225. AB - Normal human serum kills Escherichia coli ML308 225 and lyses protoplasts derived from this organism. Human serum which is depleted of complement component C9 or deficient in component C8 is not bactericidal, but C9-depleted serum will lyse protoplasts whereas C8-deficient serum will not. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide, which can protect bacteria from the serum bactericidal reaction, does not protect protoplasts from lysis by serum. PMID- 7033455 TI - Incompatibility of citrate utilization plasmids isolated from Escherichia coli. AB - The 57 conjugative Cit plasmids isolated from 72 citrate-utilizing (Cit+) Escherichia coli strains from various sources were classified into four groups on the basis of their genetic properties. Escherichia coli K13 strains carrying these Cit plasmids could utilize cis-aconitate or tricarballylate, in addition to citrate. PMID- 7033456 TI - The synergistic contribution of macrophages and antibody to protection against Salmonella typhimurium during the early phase of infection. AB - The contribution of phagocytes and antibody to protection against Salmonella typhimurium during the early phase of infection in mice was analysed. Following intravenous injection, most of the bacteria were trapped in the liver and spleen within 10 to 60 min and killed within 6 h; surviving organisms began to multiply in these tissues after 24 h and reached a maximum at 5 to 7 d. The transient killing phase was abrogated by treatment with carrageenan, a macrophage blocker, but not by whole-body X-irradiation. These observations suggest that carrageenan sensitive, but radio-resistant macrophages play an important role in the early phase of the infection. Actively immunized mice showed accelerated trapping and killing; the protection observed at the early stage of infection in immunized mice could be passively transferred to normal mice, whereas carrageenan-treated mice did not kill the bacterial even after receiving immune serum. It seems that the synergistic action of macrophages and antibody provided the main initial primary defence in immune animals. PMID- 7033457 TI - Hydrolysis of leaf Fraction 1 protein by the proteolytic rumen bacterium Bacteroides ruminicola R8/4. AB - Proteolytic activity in a batch culture of Bacteroides ruminicola R8/4 was maximal and largely (greater than 90%) cell-associated during the mid-exponential phase of growth. The cell-bound protease was not inactivated during storage at - 70% C, was not significantly affected by pH over the range 5.9 to 8.2, but was subject to substrate inhibition by Fraction 1 protein (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase; EC 4.1.1.39) and was most active in the presence of thiol reagents. Radioactive Fraction 1 protein was hydrolysed by non-growing and growing cells of B. ruminicola R8/4 with the production of peptides and free amino acids. Deaminase activity was absent. Radioactive amino acids were incorporated into bacterial proteins from [14C]Fraction 1 protein without substantial change in specific radioactivity. PMID- 7033458 TI - Isolation of cellulolytic phycomycete fungi from the caecum of the horse. AB - Microscopic examination of horse caecum contents revealed vegetative growth of phycomycete fungi on particles of digesta, and uniflagellated cells similar to fungal zoospores in the liquid phase. Three morphologically distinct isolates of strictly anaerobic phycomycete fungi were obtained from the caecum contents and cultured in vitro. Two of the isolates were able to utilize a wide range of plant carbohydrates for growth, including alpha-cellulose, xylan and particulate starch, and extensively digested water-insoluble plant tissues. PMID- 7033459 TI - Characterization of polysaccharide accumulation in a cell division defective mutant of Escherichia coli 15T-. AB - Escherichia coli 15T-R1, a temperature-dependent cell division mutant, grows into filaments of various lengths (200 to 500 microgram) at 24 degrees C, but divides essentially normally at 37 degrees C. When grown to late-exponential phase at the restrictive temperature, the elongated cells showed discrete areas of increased density at polar regions and other sites in the cytoplasm, when viewed by phase contrast microscopy. Electron microscopy of preparations specifically stained for polysaccharide revealed clusters of granules with a similar distribution pattern to that of the dense areas seen by phase contrast microscopy. The granules were susceptible to alpha-amylase digestion, and chemical analysis of the extracted and purified polysaccharide showed that it consisted of polyglucose, including glycogen. At 24 degrees C the R1 cells contained about twice as much polyglucose and four times as much glucogen as at 37 degrees C. PMID- 7033460 TI - Regulation of anthranilate synthase in Escherichia coli growing in glucose limited chemostats. AB - Strains of Escherichia coli isogenic except for the trpR locus were grown in glucose-limited chemostats. Anthranilate synthase was assayed spectrofluorimetrically to measure trp expression. The specific activity was about ten times greater in the trpR- strain than in the trpR+ strain. In glucose limited chemostats, the specific activity of anthranilate synthase was independent of growth rate. Both strains produced two to three times more anthranilate synthase in chemostats than in batch culture. The addition of 19 amino acids (not including tryptophan) increased trp expression of anthranilate synthase fivefold in the trpR+ strain. PMID- 7033461 TI - The regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and the NADP-linked malic enzyme in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - It has previously been suggested that the synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) in Aspergillus nidulans is regulated by a repression derepression mechanism involving a glycolytic intermediate, and not by induction. Results obtained using compounds that enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle via 2 oxoglutarate, and that can supply both a carbon and a nitrogen source for A. nidulans, suggest it is more likely that the synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is inducible, and only weakly regulated by carbon catabolite repression. a similar study of the regulation of the NADP-linked malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) indicates that it too may be inducible. PMID- 7033462 TI - Effect of methyl methanesulphonate on the nucleoid structure of Escherichia coli. AB - Incubation of a strain of Escherichia coli K12 with 25 mM-methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) for 1 h changed the sedimentation coefficient of the nucleoids from 1600S to 850S. When isolated nucleoids were treated with MMS under identical conditions in vitro there was no change in the sedimentation coefficient. Alkaline sucrose-gradient centrifugation of DNA from cells treated with 25 mM-MMS for 1 h indicated that there were approximately 100 breaks plus apurinic sites per chromosome. Titration with ethidium bromide of nucleoids from MMS-treated cells showed that almost all supercoiling had been lost, suggesting that the breaks plus apurinic sites consisted mostly of breaks. Further experiments showed that the apurinic sites were probably created by non-enzymic depurination and that little non-enzymic strand breakage had occurred. The depurinated sites thus created could then serve as substrates for the apurinic specific endonucleases of the cell, with the result that strand breakage occurred. MMS treatment did not cause any changes in the DNA:RNA ratio of the nucleoids. Removal of MMS followed by a period of incubation resulted in a decrease in the number of breaks plus apurinic sites and an increase in the sedimentation coefficient of the nucleoids. After 2 h incubation in MMS-free medium the sedimentation coefficient of the nucleoids from MMS-treated cells was the same as that of the control; the supercoiling was also partially restored. The effect of MMS on two MMS-sensitive mutants of E. coli, one a polA and the other a recA mutant, was also studied. In both cases MMS caused complete collapse of the nucleoid structure. PMID- 7033463 TI - Susceptibility of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli to tetracycline and minocycline. PMID- 7033464 TI - Some properties of D-mannose isomerase from Escherichia coli K12. AB - A second-stage mutant of Escherichia coli K12 designated as strain 806 grew faster on D-lyxose than the mutant strain 805 previously described. Both mutants produced constitutively a novel enzyme, D-mannose isomerase, but strain 806 produced twice as much as strain 805. The enzyme could fortuitously convert D lyxose to D-xylulose, which is a normal intermediate in the D-xylose catabolic pathway. The purified enzyme consisted of four subunits each with a molecular weight of about 40 000. In 0.14 M-Na2SO4, the tetramer dissociated completely into dimers. While the tetramer Km values for D-mannose and D-lyxose were 80 mM and 300 mM, respectively, the dimer Km values for these two sugars were both 300 mM. The amino acid composition of the enzyme was also determined. PMID- 7033465 TI - Transfer of RP4::Mu to Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Restriction-proficient strains of Salmonella typhimurium are shown to be ineffective as recipients of normal RP4::Mucts62 due to the operation of two restriction systems (hsdSA and hsdLT) on the Mu moiety of this plasmid. Strains mutant in both these hsd loci are excellent recipients. PMID- 7033466 TI - Phenotypic variability of the sensitivity to cycloserine of Klebsiella aerogenes NCTC 418, growing in chemostat culture. AB - The susceptibility of Klebsiella aerogenes to cycloserine varied according to the growth conditions. In batch culture, cells were less susceptible to the antibiotic when glycine was present in the medium, presumably due to competition between glycine and cycloserine for the uptake system by which glycine, D-alanine and cycloserine are transported into the cell. In the chemostat at average dilution rates, ammonia-limited cultures were more susceptible to the antibiotic than were glucose-limited cultures. Under phosphate-limiting conditions cultures were at least ten times less susceptible. Under ammonia and phosphate limitation the susceptibility increased with increasing growth rate. The sensitivity of glucose-limited cells was independent of the growth rate. A high-affinity uptake system for cycloserine (as measured by D-alanine transport) was present in ammonia- and glucose-limited cells, but not in phosphate-limited cells. Thus, the phenotypically defined alterations in the susceptibility of the bacterium to cycloserine could be correlated with variations in its uptake system for the antibiotic. PMID- 7033467 TI - Mutants of Escherichia coli K12 with defects in anaerobic pyruvate metabolism. AB - A strain of Escherichia coli with a mutation in the ana gene was shown to lack acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase. The requirement of this strain for an external oxidant to grow anaerobically on glucose shows that the reduction of acetyl-CoA is the principal means of reoxidation of NADH produced during glycolysis in E. coli. Further mutants derived from the ana strain were shown to be affected in the enzymes involved in the fermentation of pyruvate (pyruvate formate-lyase, phosphotransacetylase, acetate kinase). A gene controlling acetate kinase (ackB) activity has been located at 39 min on the chromosomal map. Evidence is presented that anaerobic nitrite reduction with pyruvate involves at least the dehydrogenase subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. PMID- 7033468 TI - Ultrastructural and chemical studies on wall-deficient forms, spheroplasts and membrane vesicles from Mycobacterium aurum. AB - Wall-deficient forms of Mycobacterium aurum were prepared by agitating the cells during exponential growth with D-cycloserine, glycine, lysozyme, EDTA and LiCl for approximately the time of three cell divisions (18 h). Wall-deficient forms were then converted to spheroplasts by gentle stirring with lysozyme and EDTA in a Tris/HCl buffer containing sucrose until all the cells appeared spherical by phase contrast microscopy. Subsequent lysis by nucleases followed by osmotic shock produced membrane vesicles. Ultrastructural and chemical properties of the spheroplasts and membrane vesicles are described. The spheroplasts were susceptible to lysis by 0.25% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulphate and were permeable to certain enzyme substrates. PMID- 7033469 TI - Mitotic processes which restore genome balance in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Previous work had shown that haploid strains of Aspergillus nidulans with a duplicate chromosome segment (one in normal position, one translocated to another chromosome) were unstable at mitosis; genome balance was restored by spontaneous deletion of either duplicate segment. Diploids with an extra, translocated segment showed high instability which was confined to the excess segments; loss of one of these, usually that in translocated position, gave balanced diploid nuclei and the loss was assumed to be by deletion. This led to the proposal that high-frequency deletion was provoked by, and confined to, the excess segment. In the present work it has been shown that elimination of the translocated segment in such diploids occurs more frequently by mitotic crossing over than by deletion. Accordingly, in a more rigorous test of the possible association of excess segments and deletions, a diploid homozygous for an extra, translocated segment has been studied as mitotic crossing over in this strain could not give a balanced genome. The strain was extremely unstable and gave variants of which most had a balanced, or near-balanced, diploid genome. Some variants arose by simultaneous deletions involving both non-translocated segments; almost all variants had deletions with breakpoints different from those most frequent in the corresponding, duplication haploid. The results have shown the diversity of mechanisms available for the correction of genome imbalance and that, at least in the case of Dp(I,II), the degree and modalities of mitotic instability are functions of the balance of chromosome segments and of ploidy. PMID- 7033470 TI - Genetic and biochemical aspects of yeast sterol regulation involving 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. AB - Determinations of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) activity in haploid strains and diploid hybrids of wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that a genetic basis exists for control of this key regulatory enzyme in which low enzyme activity is phenotypically dominant to high enzyme activity. These observations suggested the existence of an inhibitor of reductase activity or a suppressor of enzyme synthesis. Feeding studies using an early sterol intermediate (mevalonolactone) and end-product sterol (ergosterol) indicated that a secondary regulatory site in this pathway operates to decrease the activity of HMG-CoA reductase. This diminution of activity was paralleled by increases in the accumulation of squalene, suggesting that this intermediate (or another isoprenoid derivative) may also play a significant role in the in vivo regulation of sterol biosynthesis. Lastly, feedback inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase by ergosterol was demonstrated in a yeast mutant which is permeable to this sterol. These studies showed that yeast can serve as a eukaryotic model system for a combined biochemical and genetic investigation into the factors which control the activity of HMG-CoA reductase. PMID- 7033471 TI - The light-reversible binding of carbon monoxide to cytochrome a1 in Escherichia coli K12. AB - Difference spectra at 77 K of intact Escherichia coli K 12 grown under oxygen limited conditions revealed the presence of cytochrome a1. In the presence of CO, the band of the reduced form, observed in both the alpha and gamma regions of the spectrum, was decreased. Dual-wavelength scanning spectrophotometry at sub-zero temperatures revealed a flash-dissociable CO-binding pigment with a broad band around 595 nm, identified as cytochrome alpha 1. Photolysis in the presence of O2 revealed no such band in difference spectra where the reference spectrum was that of the CO-liganded form, a result consistent with the binding of O2 to cytochrome a1. Repeated cycles of photolysis and recombination of the cytochrome with CO were demonstrated at --46 degrees C. The apparent energy of activation for the reaction with CO was 10.9 kcal mol-1 (45.6 kJ mol-1). The results are discussed in relation to previous assumptions and results regarding ligand binding to cytochrome a1 and the function of this cytochrome in bacterial respiration. PMID- 7033472 TI - Changes in metabolic activity of Proteus mirabilis during swarming. AB - Proteus mirabilis in the long, swarming form had altered metabolic activity compared with bacteria in non-swarming phases on solid media. During swarming the rates of incorporation of precursors into DNA, RNA and protein, as measured in broth cultures immediately after harvesting from swarm plates, were lowered. The rates of uptake of these precursors into the bacteria were also lowered, and at the same time the rate of oxygen uptake was reduced to less than 20% of the normal rate, although intracellular ATP concentrations remained constant. The return of macromolecular synthesis and oxygen uptake to preswarming rates corresponded to the end of the active swarm period. The results indicate that in the multiflagellate swarmers of P. mirabilis metabolic activity was lowered to a level necessary to maintain flagella activity but not bacterial growth. PMID- 7033473 TI - Differentiation of measles virus strains and a strain of canine distemper virus by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies raised against the Halle strain of measles virus were tested for their strain specificity using other measles virus isolates (Edmonston, Leningrad, Lec and two fresh isolates JT and Fasquelle). Monoclonal antibodies to L, HA and NP polypeptides, with one exception, reacted with all the measles virus strains tested; antibody from hybrid line 25 failed to react with the NP polypeptide of JT virus by immunofluorescence or radioimmunoprecipitation. Three other monoclonal antibodies, two reacting with NP and one with HA, although giving a positive immunofluorescence reaction, did not immunoprecipitate labelled antigen from JT virus-infected cells. The immunological relationship of canine distemper and measles viruses was also investigated with monoclonal antibodies. Two of the three anti-NP and three of the four anti-HA monoclonal antibodies reacted with canine distemper virus in an immunofluorescence reaction but only one (anti-NP) reacted in a radioimmunoprecipitation test. PMID- 7033474 TI - Visions and psychopathology in the Middle Ages. AB - Descriptions of visionary experience from written medieval sources are examined from a cross-cultural perspective. The mental states of the persons having the visions range from terminal illnesses, states of starvation, stress-related syndromes, dreams and hypnagogic states, and seemingly unremarkable mental states. Although a few of the visions elicited some skepticism on the part of contemporaries, most reports of visions were accepted at face value as bona fide visions, with no discernible differentiation between starvation visions, dreams, deliria of illnesses, and possible mental illness. Only four of the visions appeared causally related, by today's standards, to mentally illnesses. These persons were not recognized as mentally ill by their contemporaries. Since there was a recognition of mental illness in the Middle Ages, it would appear that such recognition was based on symptoms other than visions or hallucinations. It is also possible that hallucinations, as culturally supported phenomena, were not as available as forms of expression of psychoses in the Middle Ages as they are today. Such a possibility has interesting implications regarding the role of a culture in shaping the forms by which mental illnesses are expressed, recognized, and labeled. PMID- 7033475 TI - Immunocytochemical study of microtubules in chromaffin cells in culture and evidence that tubulin is not an integral protein of the chromaffin granule membrane. AB - Bovine adrenal chromaffin cells were maintained in culture in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 20% foetal calf serum and 10 units per ml of Nerve Growth Factor. Under these conditions, chromaffin cells developed up to five neurites per cell. The neurites showed lateral branches and varicosities along their trunk which ended with thick growth cone-like structures. Cultures of chromaffin cells were stained by indirect immunofluorescence with antibodies against (a) chromogranin A to follow the distribution of chromaffin granules, the catecholamine-storing organelles, and (b) tubulin, to study the microtubular system during outgrowth of neurites. Chromogranin A antibodies showed a very intensely staining punctate pattern, not randomly distributed but localized in neurites. Chromaffin granules were found to migrate from the cell body to reach neurite endings where they were densely packed. Intense staining was also observed in varicosities; a linear arrangement of granules was evident along neurite trunks. Tubulin antibodies decorated a complex network, clearly visible at the cell periphery and also in the growth cone-like structures, in the palm region of the growth cone. Colchicine treatment effected retraction of neurites and disappearance of organized microtubule networks; chromaffin granules were found in the perinuclear region of the cell. Some tubulin (0.2% of total membrane proteins) was found in the purified chromaffin granule membrane preparation; however, this tubulin is probably associated with contaminating plasma membranes. By the criteria of morphology and staining with antitubulin antibodies, adult bovine chromaffin cells in culture display characteristics similar to those of sympathetic neurones. In addition, they showed an exaggerated transport of granules. Adult bovine chromaffin cells in culture offer an excellent model for studying the role of microtubules and the contractile apparatus in relation to cell morphological changes and neurosecretion. PMID- 7033476 TI - Determination of brain enolase isozymes with an enzyme immunoassay at the level of single neurons. AB - Ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay systems for the assay of rat brain enolase isozymes (alpha alpha, alpha gamma, and gamma gamma forms) were prepared by use of beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli as label and the purified rabbit antibodies to alpha alpha and gamma gamma enolases. The antibodies were purified from the immunoglobulin G (IgG) fractions of antisera by immunoaffinity chromatography with a column of the corresponding antigen-coupled Sepharose. Sandwich-type immunoassay systems with the galactosidase-labeled antibody Fab' fragments and the antibody F(ab')2-immobilized polystyrene beads could determine amounts as small as 1 amol (10(-18) mol) of each isozyme. Purkinje cell bodies picked up from the bulk-separated fraction by means of a nylon loop were subjected to the assay at the level of single cells. In contrast to previous report, this neuron contained not only the gamma gamma but also the alpha gamma and alpha alpha enolases at a level of amol per cell body, although the concentration of gamma gamma was the highest. Immunohistochemical experiments on te cerebellum with the peroxidase-labeled antirabbit IgG antibody and the unlabeled antibody method confirmed the above results, and indicated that both alpha and gamma subunits of hte enolase were stained intensely in axons. PMID- 7033477 TI - Disparate effects of infused nutrients on delayed glucoprivic feeding and hypothalamic norepinephrine turnover. PMID- 7033478 TI - Immunostaining of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's senile dementia with a neurofilament antiserum. AB - Using anti-chicken brain neurofilament antisera, Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles from two patients with senile dementia were stained by immunofluorescence and by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase procedure in cryostat sections of hippocampus and frontal cortex. In sections of cerebellum obtained from the same patients, the distribution of immunostaining was the same as that observed in experimental animals: Purkinje cell baskets and nerve fibers in the inner half of the molecular layer were demonstrated selectively. The immunostaining of the tangles was abolished when the antisera were absorbed by their own antigen, by bovine brain filament preparations, or by the fraction of bovine brain filament preparations nonabsorbed on anti-glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein immunoaffinity columns. Absorption with a bovine microtubule preparation isolated by two cycles of the assembly-disassembly procedure did not abolish the staining. Immunostaining experiments conducted on bovine brain filament preparations resolved on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the antisera staining the tangles reacted with the 200,000-, 150,000-, and 70,000 dalton neurofilament polypeptides. Antisera raised to the 150,000- dalton bovine neurofilament polypeptide isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis stained the tangle much less intensely, although Purkinje cell baskets in the cerebellum appeared well stained. No staining of neurofibrillary tangles was observed with antisera to other classes of 10-nm filament proteins (GFA protein, vimentin, and desmin). PMID- 7033479 TI - Dopamine and [D-ALA2, D-Leu5]enkephalin inhibit the electrically stimulated neurohypophyseal release of vasopressin in vitro: evidence for calcium-dependent opiate action. AB - The effects of both dopamine and enkephalin agonists were assessed on electrically stimulated vasopressin secretion from the isolated neural lobe. Both dopamine (10(-6) M) and the dopamine agonist ADTN (2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4 tetrahydronaphthalene; 10(-6) M) significantly reduced the stimulated release of vasopressin. This reduction in vasopressin secretion was prevented by the dopamine antagonist sulpiride (10(-6) M). [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]Enkephalin (DADLE) also inhibited vasopressin release and its effect was additive to that of ADTN. The effect of DADLE was prevented by the opiate antagonist naloxone and was also sensitive to the calcium content of the medium. Low calcium concentrations markedly increased the inhibitory effect of DADLE, while high concentrations abolished its effect. These findings provide evidence of a direct inhibitory action of both dopamine and enkephalins at the level of the neural lobe and suggest that the effect of enkephalins may be intimately related to calcium sensitive neurosecretory events. PMID- 7033481 TI - Stabilizing hemostatic clamp for arterial anastomosis in microneurosurgery. Technical note. AB - The authors describe a "stabilizing hemostatic clamp" of their own design for use in end-to-side anastomosis. Its application facilitates simultaneous stabilization and hemostasis of the cortical artery at the site where anastomosis is to be performed. Using this instrument, the authors have performed anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery with a branch of the middle cerebral artery in 60 patients. On evaluation of the clinical effects of the treatment and results of control angiography, and taking into account the authors' relatively small experience with this type of surgical treatment, they conclude that their new clamp facilitates this form of surgery. PMID- 7033480 TI - Spontaneous migration of an intracranial bullet to the cervical spinal canal causing Lhermitte's sign. Case report. AB - A case is presented of a woman who was shot in the left occipital area with a .32 caliber automatic pistol. She was neurologically intact on admission, and skull x ray films revealed the bullet in the right suboccipital area. On the 2nd day of the admission she developed Lhermitte's sign. Repeat films showed that the bullet had migrated to the C-4 vertebral level. The bullet was subsequently removed via a total laminectomy at C3-4. PMID- 7033482 TI - Digital video subtraction angiography of the cervical and cerebral vasculature. AB - A digital video subtraction angiography unit developed at the University of Arizona is described. The system allows the angiographic evaluation of the cervical and cerebral vasculature by means of intravenous injection of contrast material. The procedure is performed on outpatients and is reliable, safe, and economical. The authors have evaluated suspected arterial and venous occlusive disease, certain aneurysms and tumors, and postoperative results of vascular bypass procedures and aneurysm clipping. The clinical application of the technique is shown with appropriate case presentations. PMID- 7033483 TI - Stereotaxic device for percutaneous twist-drill insertion of depth electrodes and for brain biopsy. Technical note. AB - A stereotaxic device is described for percutaneous twist-drill insertion of depth electrodes for seizure recording and brain biopsy. This apparatus, which permits a lateral orthogonal approach, has been used in conjunction with a Leksell type of stereotaxic frame. Its main advantages are the ample working space it provides at the site of insertion of intracerebral electrodes, and the stable attachment it offers in fixing these electrodes on the skull. PMID- 7033484 TI - Elizabeth Rona (1891?-1981). PMID- 7033485 TI - Dietary effects on metabolism of Yucatan miniature swine selected for low and high glucose utilization. AB - Yucatan miniature swine have been selected for increased (high K) or decreased (low K) ability to utilize glucose based on an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). In this study we tested the effect of obesity in conjunction with ad libitum, high sucrose or high starch diets on IVGTT and the insulin response to glucose in these two lines of animals. Either diet caused increased glucose utilization and an increased insulin response in the low K animals. Neither diet caused a change in these parameters in the high K pigs. There were no differences in either line of animals due to sucrose vs starch diets. During an insulin impedance test both the mean steady state plasma glucose and plasma serum insulin concentration were significantly higher in the high K animals (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7033487 TI - On American nostrum making and quackery. PMID- 7033486 TI - Dynamics of human whole body amino acid metabolism: use of stable isotope probes and relevance to nutritional requirements. PMID- 7033488 TI - A comparative study of vasoconstrictors and determination of their safe dose under halothane anesthesia. PMID- 7033489 TI - Ocular injuries during general anesthesia. PMID- 7033490 TI - Polyurethane film for coverage of skin graft donor sites. PMID- 7033491 TI - Experimental mycobacterial granulomas in guinea pig lymph nodes: ultrastructural observations. AB - A systematic ultrastructural study has been performed of the mononuclear phagocytes in granulomas induced by different types of mycobacteria, e.g. live BCG (Pasteur), irradiated M. leprae and irradiated BCG (Pasteur) in guinea pig lymph nodes. Live BCG (Pasteur) induces a granuloma which peaks at 2-3 weeks and by light microscopy, a large number of the infiltrating cells have the appearance of epithelioid cells. Ultrastructurally a large proportion of these cells have a distinct appearance. They are characterised by the presence of very large nuclei, and prominent nucleoli, paucity of cytoplasmic organelles and swollen rough endoplasmic reticulum. Cells from 2 week granulomas induced by live M. kansasii and BCG (Glaxo), has a similar ultrastructural appearance. BCG (Pasteur) granulomas slowly resolved and by light and electron microscopy fibrosis and collagen deposition was seen by 7 weeks and was very extensive in some nodes at 10 weeks. The nodes from M leprae injected animals showed peak infiltration at 5 weeks and by light microscopy the infiltrating cell population was more mixed, with most of the cells having a macrophage appearance. Electron-microscopy showed these infiltrating cells to be mainly activated macrophages, containing phagocytosed organisms. Nodes from irradiated BCG (Pasteur) injected animals had peak infiltration at 1 week. The light and electron microscopic appearance showed areas consisting mainly of fibroblasts and mononuclear phagocytes. Thus, the granulomas induced by M. leprae are very different from those induced by BCG in the guinea pig. It is suggested that lymph nodes draining areas of local injection of BCG and irradiated M. leprae could respectively form a good model in the guinea pig for cellular and biochemical studies of the granulomas of tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 7033492 TI - Infantile and late onset form of generalised glycogenosis type II in cattle. AB - A herd of cattle which produces calves with generalised glycogenosis type II has been established. Seven affected animals have been born and their disease status as indicated by a decreased acid alpha-glucosidase activity and excessive glycogen deposition in muscle, can be detected on the day of birth. Two animals have died of heart failure aged 3 and 5 months and have shown cardiomegally. Five animals were clinically normal until 9 months of age when they failed to maintain weight gain, showed muscle weakness and four were killed aged between 12 and 16 months after showing difficulty in rising. All affected animals had abnormal ECG tracings and had elevated levels of CK, LDH and HBDH in serum. Excessive amounts of glycogen were deposited in voluntary, cardiac and smooth muscle, and in cells of the nervous system. The muscles showed a vacuolar myopathy. Both the infantile and late onset forms of generalised glycogenosis type II are present in this herd of cattle. The condition appears to be controlled by a recessive allele at a single autosomal locus. PMID- 7033493 TI - Pancreatic lesions in shock and their significance. AB - The pancreas was examined histologically in 146 cases of patients dying of shock. The finding of morphological evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in the pancreas supports the opinion that the pancreas in highly sensitive to disturbances of blood perfusion. The presence of DIC combined with a variety of pathological lesions in the exocrine ad endocrine pancreas was sufficiently characteristic to justify use of the term " shock pancreatitis". The relative scarcity of data hitherto available on pathological changes in the pancreas caused by shock can be ascribed to changes in the management of shock. It is concluded that the pancreatic lesions described in this study could influence the outcome in shock treated by modern methods of resuscitation. PMID- 7033494 TI - Kielbone in new attachment attempts in Humans. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate, in humans, the use of Kielbone as a substitute for fresh autogenous bone in treating periodontal intrabony defects. A total of 92 intrabony defects were treated with a previously described new attachment procedure utilizing free mucosal grafts to cover the intrabony defects following bone grafting. Kielbone was placed in 46 of these defects, while the remaining 46 defects were treated with autogenous bone grafts. The results were evaluated after 6 months by periodontal probing and assessment of the bone level as seen on periodical, identical radiographs. No differences were observed between the amount of clinical gain of attachment obtained in defects treated with Kielbone and those treated with autogenous jaw bone. This indicates that in surgical procedures attempting to restore lost connective tissue attachment, Kielbone constitutes a suitable replacement for fresh autogenous bone. The results are discussed in th light of recent studies that challenge the beneficial effect of bone grafts in the treatment of intrabony defects. PMID- 7033495 TI - Topography of root surfaces treated in vitro with citric acid, elastase and hyaluronidase. A scanning electron microscopy study. Part II. AB - Sixteen extracted human teeth were separated into two groups, root planed, and treated with either elastase or hyaluronidase following acid demineralization. The duration of enzyme application varied from 5 to 20 minutes. From scanning electron micrographs the following was concluded: (1) The cemental collagen network is composed of previously described extrinsic and intrinsic fiber systems. (2) Root planing, using tactile sense as the final criteria, does not always result in complete elimination of contaminants. (3) Citric acid (pH = 1), applied for 3 to 4 minutes, is an effective means of exposing cemental collagen. (4) Qualitatively, the enzyme treatment subsequent to acid demineralization seemed to result in more effective exposure of the collagen mantle of cementum. (5) Further definitive research must be done to determine, both the usefulness of enzymatic treatment in vitro and in vivo and the optimum enzyme concentrations and duration of application. PMID- 7033496 TI - Relationships between epithelium and connective tissue in inflamed gingiva. AB - Since chronic inflammation has been associated with degenerative and proliferative responses in connective tissue and epithelium, it was decided to investigate quantitatively the proportions of epithelium and connective tissue in inflamed gingiva. Forty-five midfacial gingival sites were assessed prior to biopsy for the presence or absence of bleeding after probing using a controlled insertion force fo 25 g. In order to delineate the corresponding area for histologic analysis, a reference incision was made on the facial surface of the gingiva which demarcated the depth and mesio-distal extent of the area probed. Step-serial bucco-lingual sections were morphometrically analyzed to determine the percentages of epithelium, inflamed, and noninflamed connective tissues coronal to the reference incision. The data was compared with respect to the presence or absence of bleeding after probing. Specimens which bled after probing had significantly less epithelium and more connective tissue. The increase in overall connective tissue was due to a significant increase in the inflamed component, and it appeared that the decrease in epithelium corresponded to the increase in inflamed connective tissue. The findings of diminished epithelium overlying inflamed connective tissue reinforces the concept that connective tissue status is important for determining structure and function of epithelium. PMID- 7033497 TI - Aggregation of platelets induced by novel synthetic secoprostaglandins. AB - Two series of 8-acetly-12-hydroxyalkadienoic acids and 14-hydroxy-9 oxoalkadienoic acid which can be regarded as 11,12- and 8,12- secoprostaglandin E2 were synthesized and evaluated for their biological properties. Key members of each series, 11,12-(8Ac-HAD) and 8, 12-seco-11-norprostaglandin E2 (14H-OAD), were found to induce platelet aggregation which were inhibited by preincubation of platelet rich plasma with prostaglandin I2 but not inhibited by indomethacin, 8Ac-HAD produced dose-dependent potent contraction of rabbit aorta. Injection of 8Ac-HAD (1 mg/kg) into vein of rat induced sudden death of the animal. Both compounds were stable and platelet aggregating activity did not decrease at least for four hours at 0 degree C. Structure-activity relationship study of the series were carried out. Reduction of the acetyl carbonyl and methoxime formation of 8Ac HAD lowered platelet aggregating activity, and 8-propionyl substituent and 12 deoxy derivative of 8Ac-HAD showed no activity. 12 (R)-Isomer and dl 12-methyl derivative of 8Ac-HAD retained the platelet aggregating activity. Modification of omega-chain did not cause any essential effect on the activity. Unlike 8Ac-HAD, several modification of 14H-OAD failed to maintain the aggregating activity. PMID- 7033498 TI - [Fluctuation in macromolecular structures and assembly (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033499 TI - [Mutagenicity of the reaction products of L-ascorbic acid and L-tryptophan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033500 TI - The renin-angiotensin system in drinking and cardiovascular responses to isoprenaline in the rat. AB - 1. We investigated the role of the renin-angiotensin system in isoprenaline induced drinking in the rat. Captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, was used to block the synthesis of angiotensin II either in the circulation alone or in the brain as well.2. Subcutaneous injections of isoprenaline (0.1 mg/kg) alone caused nine rats to drink 8.4 +/- 0.9 ml water in 3 h.3. Pre-treatment with doses of captopril (0.1-1.0 mg/kg, s.c.), which inhibit conversion of angiotensin I to II in the circulation but not in the brain, dose dependently enhanced the drinking response to isoprenaline. Captopril alone did not cause drinking.4. Higher doses of captopril (5.0-100 mg/kg, s.c.), which inhibit conversion of angiotensin I to II in the brain as well as in the blood, caused dose-dependent inhibition of drinking elicited by isoprenaline.5. The highest dose of captopril tested (100 mg/kg, s.c.) completely blocked the drinking response to isoprenaline (0.1 or 0.33 mg/kg, s.c.) for at least 45 min. This inhibition was not caused by general debility of the rats; animals deprived of water (12 h) and treated with both captopril and isoprenaline drank as much as water-deprived controls.6. We found no evidence that blocking the renin angiotensin system inhibits drinking because it exacerbates isoprenaline-induced hypotension. After injection of isoprenaline the mean arterial pressure of nephrectomized rats or rats pre-treated with the high dose (100 mg/kg, s.c.) of captopril (which blocked drinking) was only slightly lower (5-10 mmHg) than that of rats pre-treated with the low dose (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) of captopril (which enhanced drinking).7. Water deprivation, which caused rats treated with isoprenaline and captopril to drink, did not increase arterial pressure. Pitressin increased the arterial pressure of rats treated with isoprenaline and captopril but did not cause drinking. We conclude that the renin-angiotensin system has a direct and essential role in the drinking response to isoprenaline. PMID- 7033501 TI - Onset of inspiration in rabbit during artificial ventilation. AB - 1. We have investigated whether pulmonary stretch receptors are the only lung receptors determining the time of onset of inspiratory efforts in anaesthetized, paralysed rabbits. 2. New Zealand White rabbits were anaesthetized, paralysed and ventilated by intermittent positive pressure with a pattern that closely followed spontaneous breathing. Inspiratory efforts were recorded as bursts of activity in a root of the phrenic nerve. Lung stretch receptors were blocked with SO2 in air. Abolition of the Breuer-Hering reflex was used as an index of stretch receptor block. 3. With stretch receptors functioning phrenic discharge invariably occurred during the deflation phase of ventilation. With stretch receptors blocked phrenic discharge occurred with no set relation to ventilation at spontaneous resting tidal volume but was locked to inflation and deflation phases of lung volume at 30% higher tidal volumes. 4. Bilateral vagotomy produced a pattern of phrenic discharge identical with that seen with stretch receptor block and low ventilating volumes. 5. Thus we have demonstrated a vagally mediated inspiratory initiating effect; it probably originates from rapidly adapting lung irritant receptors. PMID- 7033502 TI - Pancreatic endocrine function in cortisol-treated thyroidectomized calves. AB - 1. Pancreatic endocrine function has been investigated in thyroidectomized calves given exogenous cortisol (2.0 mg.kg-1.day-1) in order to produce overt signs of diabetes. 2. Whenever this diabetic syndrome was induced it was associated with falling plasma insulin concentrations. A few days later, there was a significant rise in the post-absorptive concentration of both pancreatic glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in the arterial plasma. Elevated levels of both hormones invariably persisted until the animals were given thyroxine. 3. Each of the pancreatic endocrine responses to cortisol was reversed by daily administration of thyroxine (25 microgram.kg-1. day-1) and the plasma glucose concentration was restored to normal within a few days. 4. Starvation was found to be an extremely effective way of reducing both the plasma glucose and glucagon concentration of diabetic calves without apparently affecting the concentration of either insulin of PP. 5. Neurally mediated release of insulin in response to 2 deoxyglucose, but not of either pancreatic glucagon or PP, was found to be defective in diabetic calves and recovered in response to thyroxine. 6. These results suggest that the primary defect that leads to the development of this diabetic syndrome in cortisol-treated thyroidectomized calves is failure of insulin release but that this is associated with consequential changes in the rates at which both glucagon and PP are released from the pancreas. PMID- 7033503 TI - Pancreatic endocrine responses to physiological changes in plasma neurotensin concentration in the calf. AB - 1. Plasma neurotensin concentration was found to increase by between 3 and 18 pmol/l 20 min after feeding in conscious 2-6 week old calves. 2. Synthetic bovine neurotensin was infused I.V. at a dose which reproduced the rise in the plasma concentration (1 pmol. kg-1 min-1), in calves of the same age, which were also receiving a continuous I.V. infusion of glucose (0.03 mmol. kg-1. min-1) to mimic alimentary hyperglycaemia. Under these conditions neurotensin caused a significant rise in the mean concentration of both insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), but not that of glucagon, in the arterial plasma. 3. The rise of plasma insulin concentration, but not that of PP, in response to the same dose of neurotensin was strongly potentiated during infusions of exogenous amino acids. There was also a significant rise in plasma glucagon concentration in response to neurotensin in the calves given amino acids. 4. It is concluded that neurotensin is a physiological incretin in the calf. PMID- 7033505 TI - Mechanism by which albumin stimulates renin secretion in isolated kidneys and juxtaglomerular cells. AB - 1. Raising albumin concentration stimulates renin secretion in isolated perfused kidneys and isolated juxtaglomerular cells. 2. In isolated perfused kidneys, raising albumin concentration from 20 to 120 g/l. increased renin secretion and perfusate flow when the perfusion medium contained 1.82 mM-total or ionized Ca. Removing the renal capsule abolished the increased flow but not renin secretion. 3. In isolated juxtaglomerular cells, raising albumin concentration from 0 to 60 g/l. increased renin secretion threefold. This was enhanced slightly by removing Ca. Raising Ca, removing or raising K to 50 mM, or lowering Na to 25 mM inhibited renin secretion. 4. Raising pH from 7.36 to 7.64 inhibited renin secretion whether albumin was present or not. Keeping both pH and ionized Ca constant abolished the stimulatory effect of raising albumin. 5. We conclude that raising albumin concentration in plasma may stimulate renin secretion by several mechanisms, two of which are by lowering ionized Ca and lowering pH, and that both effects may be on the juxtaglomerular cells directly. We also conclude that raising pH per se has a powerful inhibitory effect on renin secretion. PMID- 7033504 TI - The effect of vagotomy on sodium reabsorption and renin release in anaesthetized dogs subjected to 60 degrees head-up tilt. AB - 1. Anaesthetized dogs were subjected to two 15 min periods of 60 degrees head-up tilt. Renal perfusion pressure was regulated to minimize changes during tilting. 2. In both intact and vagotomized animals there was a fall in systemic arterial pressure and a rise in heart rate. In both intact and vagotomized animals glomerular filtration rate fell slightly during the first tilt but remained unchanged in the second tilt period. Renal blood flow was unchanged throughout. 3. Both absolute and fractional excretions of sodium were reduced in intact animals subjected to the two consecutive periods of tilt. Following vagotomy these responses were as large as those observed in intact animals. 4. Tilting caused an increase in renin secretion from the kidney in both tilting periods to which the intact animals were subjected. In the vagotomized animals the increase in renin secretion was as large as that observed in intact animals. 5. The results of the present study show that, under the experimental conditions used, vagal afferent activity had no measurable effect on the decreases in sodium excretion or increases in renin secretion mediated by the renal nerves during short periods of 60 degrees head-up tilt. PMID- 7033507 TI - Dowel system for waxing pontics in fixed partial denture construction. PMID- 7033506 TI - Renin-dependence of drinking induced by partial aortic obstruction in the dog. AB - 1. Inflation of a balloon implanted in the abdominal aorta above the level of the renal arteries was used to produce partial obstruction to aortic blood flow in trained, conscious mongrel dogs.2. Following inflation, heart rate and arterial blood pressure downstream from the point of inflation fell, whilst arterial blood pressure upstream from the point of inflation rose. Central venous pressure was unaltered.3. In sixteen out of eighteen experiments, balloon inflation led to drinking. Inflations maintained for 3 days led to a sustained increase in daily water intakes, but intakes of 0.9% NaCl were unaltered when both water and 0.9% NaCl were available to drink.4. There was a significant inverse correlation between the amount drunk in the first 60 min following balloon inflation and the ratio of the change in the arterial pressure upstream of the obstruction to the change in pressure downstream of the obstruction.5. In experiments where the inflation was maintained for 90 min, there was no further drinking between the 60th and 90th min. In experiments where the inflation was released after 60 min, there was another bout of drinking between the 60th and 90th min.6. Plasma renin activity and plasma renin concentration both rose following balloon inflation. Drinking following balloon inflation was abolished by infusion of the competitive angiotensin II antagonist saralasin.7. Inflation of an aortic balloon to a size that produced drinking in other experiments also led to a reduction in urinary water and electrolyte loss in fluid pre-loaded dogs.8. In conclusion, water intake in response to partial aortic obstruction above the level of the kidneys is caused by renin released from the kidneys. However, the dipsogenic effectiveness of the endogenous renin released is reduced as a result of the simultaneous increase in arterial pressure above the obstruction. PMID- 7033508 TI - Technique for the immediate repair of removable partial denture facings. PMID- 7033509 TI - A modified impression technique for patients with interdental spacing. PMID- 7033510 TI - Finishing palatal and lingual contours of dentures. PMID- 7033511 TI - Analysis of the posterior palatal seal and the palatal form as related to the retention of complete dentures. AB - Dislodging forces were applied at three different locations--anterior, posterior, middle--on acrylic resin bases of uniform thickness. The influence of different posterior palatal seals and the form of the palate were evaluated. A Pearson statistical correlation analysis was performed to correlate these factors. The findings were as follows: 1. The anterior attachment needed for greatest amount of force to dislodge the base; the posterior attachment needed the least. 2. The middle attachment showed more variability of the forces needed to dislodge the bases. It was influenced by the form of the palate, the type of posterior palatal seal, and the weight of the bases. 3. The middle location is the most reliable region for testing the retention of complete dentures. 4. The form of the palate has direct influence on the retention of complete dentures and will aid in the selection of the type of posterior palatal seal needed. PMID- 7033512 TI - Cracked tooth syndrome. PMID- 7033513 TI - A 2-year longitudinal study of overdenture patients. Part II: Assessment of the periodontal health of overdenture abutments. AB - Eighty-nine patients were examined at 1- and 2-year intervals after treatment with overdentures. The measurements of gingival index, pocket depth, plaque index, and mobility showed little change in the 2-year period. The initial gingival health of some teeth was less than optimal, but the periodontal health did not deteriorate and no teeth were lost during the observation period. The elevated plaque scores of this group of patients clearly shows that periodontal health of the abutments was affected, emphasizes the importance of adequate follow-up care and the need for constant reinforcement of home care instructions. As with any form of dental treatment, proper patient selection is an important step when overdentures are a treatment consideration. Patients should be able to demonstrate that they are motivated and have the ability to clean their teeth. It is doubtful that patients will change their oral hygiene habits after the denture is inserted, and poor hygiene may lead to a loss of abutment teeth from caries and/or periodontal disease. PMID- 7033514 TI - Technical and biophysical aspects of fixed partial dentures for patients with reduced periodontal support. PMID- 7033515 TI - Etched castings: an improved retentive mechanism for resin-bonded retainers. PMID- 7033517 TI - Design for maximal retention of obturator prosthesis for hemimaxillectomy patients. PMID- 7033516 TI - Effect of oxidation on ceramometal bond strength. AB - The ceramometal bond strength between SMG-3 gold alloy and Ceramco porcelain was evaluated using seven different oxidation cycles. The control group was not oxidized. Three groups were oxidized under vacuum at a temperature of 1,925 degrees F. The metal was heated (1) just until it reached temperature, (2) for 5 minutes, and (3) for 10 minutes. The last three groups were oxidized without a vacuum, with the time-temperature heat regimen the same as for the previous three groups. The group using an oxidation cycle without a vacuum and a temperature of 1,925 degrees F for 10 minutes was the only group that statistically differed from the control group. PMID- 7033519 TI - Catecholamine and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in anxiety. PMID- 7033518 TI - Some effects of device versus handmixing of irreversible hydrocolloids. PMID- 7033520 TI - The role of learning in pain reduction associated wih relaxation and patterned breathing. PMID- 7033521 TI - The Fothergillian medals of the Medical Society of London (John Fothergill). PMID- 7033522 TI - [Hemi-occipitalisation of the atlas in a Merovingian of the early Middle Ages (author's transl)]. AB - A case of hemi-occipitalisation of the atlas is reported which appears to be the oldest case presently described in a Merovingian of the early Middle Ages, whose skeleton was discovered in 1974. This partial assimilation of the atlas was associated with marked hypoplasia of the basioccipital region producing a deep basilar depression. PMID- 7033523 TI - Sir James Mackenzie and atrial fibrillation--a new perspective. PMID- 7033524 TI - Lack of effect of melatonin on the pituitary response to LH-RH in the ewe. AB - Administration of 100 micrograms LH-RH to cyclic ewes gave peak values of circulating LH similar to those found at the time of oestrus although the duration of elevated LH levels was less. There was also considerable individual variation in response. Pretreatment or simultaneous administration with melatonin (500 micrograms or 2 mg) did not alter the individual response to LH-RH. PMID- 7033525 TI - Plasma LH and testosterone responses to synthetic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or dexamethasone-GnRH combined treatment and their relationship to semen output in bulls. AB - The sperm output of each of 54 dairy bulls of the Montbeliarde breed was carefully investigated from 15 weekly semen collections at 51-65 weeks of age. Assessment of classical characteristics of semen output led to classification of bulls as good, medium and poor semen producers. At 12 and 13 months of age, bulls were injected i.m. with 0.25 mg GnRH (N=25) or with 20 mg dexamethasone + 0.25 mg GnRH (N=29). Peripheral plasma LH and testosterone responses to these injections were evaluated from frequent sampling. In the two groups, the mean areas under the curve of LH (microgram/ml x 150 min) were significantly different between bulls (P less than 0.05). Intra-class correlation was 0.35 after the single GnRH administration (P less than 0.05) and 0.57 after dexamethasone-GnRH (P less than 0.05). This latter valve indicates a predominant individual influence over the LH response to such a combined treatment. No significant individual differences were seen from the testosterone responses to either of these challenges. Correlations between individual LH responses and any of the semen output criteria were not significant (P great than 0.05) and there were no significant differences in terms of mean LH responses between bulls in the 3 categories of semen production. PMID- 7033526 TI - Equivalence of 'non-IgG binding' and 'acrosomeless' sperm populations from the female genital tract of the rabbit. AB - Spermatozoa were recovered from the ejaculate, vagina, uteri and oviducts of mated does between 2.5 and 14 h p.c. For each sample, the proportion of spermatozoa exhibiting no binding of IgG from normal serum, after air drying and acetone fixation, was compared with the proportion of acrosomeless spermatozoa as assessed by staining with eosin and fast green. The correlation was excellent (r = 0.97; P less than 0.001) suggesting that failure of acetone-fixed spermatozoa to bind IgG from normal serum may reflect acrosome absence rather than 'acrosomal uncoatibility'. Usually the proportion of immunofluorescence negative or acrosomeless spermatozoa was about 10% in the ejaculate; 15% in the vagina; 25% in the uterus and 70-100% in the oviducts. This phenomenon is not an air-drying artefact, and seems to be independent of flushing medium. PMID- 7033527 TI - Induction of cyclic ovarian activity in seasonally anoestrous ewes with exogenous GnRH. AB - Anoestrous ewes (N = 3) were treated with a 500 ng GnRH pulse administered via a jugular cannula every 2 h for 40 to 80 days. Plasma concentrations and therefore presumed ovarian activity changed cyclically with each progestational cycle (n = 10) lasting 14.0--18.5 days. It is concluded that, by increasing the frequency of GnRH secretory episodes from an apparent endogenous level of one episode per 3.6 h to at least one every 2.0 h, cyclic ovarian activity can be restored to seasonally anoestrous sheep. PMID- 7033528 TI - A low-dose combination oral contraceptive. Experience with 1,700 women treated for 22,489 cycles. AB - A multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of a combination oral contraceptive containing norgestrel, 0.3 mg, and ethinyl estradiol, 0.03 mg. A total of 1,700 women were treated for 22,489 cycles. Only two pregnancies occurred (Pearl index, 0.20 per 100 woman-years). Cycle control was excellent, and the incidence of breakthrough bleeding, spotting and amenorrhea was low as compared to other reported series of similar low-dose combination contraceptives. No serious side effects were reported, and the drug had no demonstrable adverse effects on weight and blood pressure. The use of this low-dose oral contraceptive appears to provide effective birth control with a high laboratory index of safety and low incidence of side effects. PMID- 7033529 TI - Macrophages and resistance of newborn rats to infection. PMID- 7033530 TI - Thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7033531 TI - A new kind of doctor. PMID- 7033532 TI - Induction and avoidance of graft-versus-host reactions: a review. PMID- 7033533 TI - Uncommon radiological features of chronic arthritis in childhood: a review. AB - Radiological changes depend on the age of onset as well as the pattern of disease present (Ansell & Kent 1977). Seronegative disease tends to be associated with modelling abnormalities of the epiphyses, loss of joint space and the late development of erosions, although an occasional polyarthritis following systemic disease has a very destructive arthritis and overall failure of growth. Pauciarticular disease is associated with growth anomalies of epiphyses and also metaphyses in asymmetrical fashion. In spondylitic children, enthesiopathies are marked and there is a high incidence of hip involvement. Seropositive juvenile rheumatoid arthritis shows a severe erosive arthropathy early, combined with minor growth changes, particularly bony overgrowth in the hands and feet in the early teens. The hallmark of the psoriatic is the asymmetry and, in a few cases, the destructive nature of asymmetrically involved joints. PMID- 7033534 TI - Orthodontic considerations in predicting and preventing third molar impactions: a review. PMID- 7033535 TI - Surgical options for third molars: a review. PMID- 7033536 TI - The Abraham Flexner Award for Distinguished Service to Medical Education: Sherman M. Mellinkoff, M.D. PMID- 7033537 TI - The AAMC Award for Distinguished Research in the Biomedical Sciences: J. Michael Bishop, M.D. PMID- 7033538 TI - The logic of problem-solving in clinical diagnosis: a course for second-year medical students. PMID- 7033539 TI - Dielectric properties of tumor and normal tissues at radio through microwave frequencies. PMID- 7033540 TI - Evaluation and survey of microwave and radiofrequency applicators. PMID- 7033541 TI - Clinical radiofrequency hyperthermia by magnetic-loop induction. PMID- 7033542 TI - Clinical experience with radiofrequency hyperthermia. PMID- 7033543 TI - Local hyperthermia and irradiation in cancer therapy. AB - The preliminary experience at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology with hyperthermia and irradiation is reported and current issues in clinical application of heat are reviewed. Twenty-nine lesions were treated with 400 rad fractions given every 72 hr (twice weekly) for a total dose of 2400 to 4000 rad followed by hyperthermia (1450-MHz or 915-MHz microwaves, 42.0 degrees -43 degrees, 90 min, every 72 h). Eight of 12 recurrent epidermoid carcinomas of the head and neck showed complete regression (67%) and one more than 50% response. Of 5 metastatic melanoma nodules treated with irradiation an hyperthermia, 4 (80%) showed complete regression of the tumors an 1 almost complete response. Of 9 recurrent adenocarcinoma of breast nodules in the chest wall treated with 3200 to 4000 rad 5 lesions exhibited complete regression and 2 others about 80%. Of 6 lesions treated with 1500 rad and hyperthermia (RTOG protocol), 2 metastatic melanomas showed complete regression (CR) and 3 tumors exhibited partial regression. Of the 35 sites treated, 4 (11%) developed blisters, 7 (20%) erythema only, 3 (8%) moist desquamation and 27 (77%) dry desquamation. Additional clinical trials are in progress to assess the potential value of hyperthermia alone or combined with irradiation in the treatment of selected cancer patients. PMID- 7033544 TI - Hyperthermia production for cancer therapy: a review of fundamentals and methods. PMID- 7033545 TI - Dentistry and the behavioral/social sciences: an historical overview. PMID- 7033546 TI - The psychosocial impact of dental diseases on individuals and communities. PMID- 7033547 TI - Dental providers and oral health behavior. PMID- 7033548 TI - Dentists and the oral health behavior of patients: a sociological perspective. PMID- 7033549 TI - Institutions and oral health behavior. PMID- 7033550 TI - Institutions as agents and objects of health-promoting change: considerations in selection research priorities. PMID- 7033552 TI - Alkali-stably bound proteins in eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNAs show common characteristics. PMID- 7033551 TI - Community oral health promotion. PMID- 7033553 TI - The natural history of carcinogenesis: implications of experimental carcinogenesis in the genesis of human cancer. PMID- 7033554 TI - Current concepts and controversies in chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 7033555 TI - The Black American in medicine. PMID- 7033556 TI - Bioassay detection of mouse nerve growth factor (mNGF) in the brain of adult mice. AB - Two pools of seven brains each from adult Swiss-Webster mice were homogenized, and supernatants were collected for bioassay. PC-12 cells were placed in a bioassay plate at time zero, at a concentration of 10(4) cells per well, and primed for 48 hours in a medium containing 50 ng/ml of mNGF. The PC-12 cell bioassay for neurite outgrowth was conducted after primed cells were exposed to an NGF-free medium for 24 hours. Suitable controls for serum toxicity and cell viability were established. The sensitivity of the bioassay approximates 100 pg NGF/ml. The results showed 80-100% neurite outgrowth in wells exposed to brain pool supernatant (BPS) alone, and control level outgrowth (3-8%) in wells containing BPS and specific anti-beta-NGF antibody. Therefore, the brains of Swiss-Webster adult mice contain an NGF-like substance which promotes neurite outgrowth in PC-12 cells. The substance probably is NGF itself, since the effect is blocked by specific NGF antiserum. PMID- 7033557 TI - Insulin effectiveness in hypovolemic dogs. AB - The question addressed in this study was whether exogenous insulin can enhance the rate of assimilation of blood glucose after prolonged hypovolemia when homeostasis is waning. Twenty-three well-fed mongrel dogs were maintained at a mean arterial blood pressure of 50 mm Hg by bleeding. Periodic analyses were made of arterial and venous plasma concentration of glucose, femoral blood flow, arterial plasma concentration of insulin, and hematocrit. At the onset of physiologic deterioration signaled by the need to reinfuse 50 ml of shed blood to maintain 50 mm Hg blood pressure, dogs received either 10 ml saline (control; n=15) or 10 ml saline containing 2 units insulin (treated; n=8). Administration of 2 units of insulin to eight of the dogs caused a significantly faster decline of blood glucose than that observed in saline-treated animals. Despite the more rapid decline in plasma concentration of glucose in animals that received insulin, there was no significant difference in glucose uptake between the two groups of animals. The hemoconcentration reflected by a rising hematocrit that develops when hypovolemia persists was accentuated by the administration of insulin without supplementary fluids. The absence of any effect of insulin on glucose uptake in the hindlimb in the late phase of hypovolemic shock suggests that the accelerated decline in arterial glucose levels may be due to inhibitory effects of insulin on hepatic glucose release. These results are not consistent with the resistance of plasma glucose to insulin in the late phases of hypovolemic shock. PMID- 7033558 TI - Intra-abdominal vascular trauma-a need for prompt operation. AB - Prompt operative intervention to obtain vascular control is the most important factor in the treatment of intra-abdominal vascular injuries. In 81 patients with major abdominal vascular injuries, bullet wounds were the cause of injury in 51, stab wounds in 12, blunt trauma in ten, shot gun in seven, and one was an iatrogenic injury from insertion of a dialysis catheter. Twenty-nine of 81 patients died (35.8%). Twenty patients (70%) died of massive blood loss at operation or in the early postoperative period. Hypovolemic shock was the predominant distinguishing feature in the mortality group. The mortality rate increased with the number of associated nonvascular injuries, ranging from 20% in patients without associated injuries to 100% in patients with five or more associated injuries. The mortality rate was also increased with the number of vessels injured, ranging form 20% with one or two injured vessels to 100% with four or more. Late deaths occurred in nine patients and were most commonly related to the complications of hypovolemic shock. In hospital settings where patients can be resuscitated in the operating room, prolonged stay in the Emergency Department for diagnostic and laboratory evaluation only delays the operative vascular control of exsanguinating hemorrhage. PMID- 7033559 TI - Prophylaxis of traveller's diarrhoea. PMID- 7033560 TI - The maternal and child health services in Ghana (their origins and future). PMID- 7033561 TI - The transient inability of the conjugating female cell to host 186 infection explains the absence of zygotic induction for 186. AB - In an Hfr(186) X F- cross, the 186 prophage on the incoming male chromosome is not induced, despite the fact that prophage 186 can be induced by other means (W. H. Woods and J.B. Egan, J Virol. 14:1349-1356, 1974). We show here that the conjugating female is temporarily inhibitory to infection by 186, and this delay, we postulate, enables cI repression to be reestablished before the female cell recovers its 186 sensitivity. PMID- 7033562 TI - Coliphage 186 infection requires host initiation functions dnaA and dnaC. AB - We show that coliphage 186 infection is dependent upon host initiation functions, dnaA and dnaC, which differentiates the phage from lambda and P2. The possibility is therefore entertained that the delay in 186 replication seen after infection of UV-irradiated bacterial cells reflects the temporary unavailability of one or both these functions. Infections with P1 and Mu need host dnaC but not dnaA and show some sensitivity to preirradiation of the host but are not as sensitive as 186. PMID- 7033563 TI - Rescue of first-step-transfer amber mutants by "second-step-transfer-blocked" bacteriophage T5 on an su- strain. AB - T5 st0 phages irreversibly blocked in the injection of their second-step-transfer DNA can produce active A1 and A2 proteins which complement first-step-transfer amber mutants infecting an su(-) strain. PMID- 7033564 TI - Dual functions of bacteriophage T4D gene 28 product: structural component of the viral tail baseplate central plug and cleavage enzyme for folyl polyglutamates. II. Folate metabolism and polyglutamate cleavage activity of uninfected and infected Escherichia coli cells and bacteriophage. AB - We investigated the role of the T4D bacteriophage gene 28 product in folate metabolism in infected Escherichia coli cells by using antifolate drugs and a newly devised assay for folyl polyglutamate cleavage activity. Preincubation of host E. coli cells with various sulfa drugs inhibited phage production by decreasing the burst size when the phage particles produced an altered gene 28 product (i.e., after infection under permissive conditions with T4D 28(ts) or T4D am28). In addition, we found that another folate analog, pyrimethamine, also inhibited T4D 28(ts) production and T4D 28am production, but this analog did not inhibit wild-type T4D production. A temperature-resistant revertant of T4D 28(ts) was not sensitive to either sulfa drugs or pyrimethamine. We developed an assay to measure the enzymatic cleavage of folyl polyglutamates. The high-molecular weight folyl polyglutamate substrate was isolated from E. coli B cells infected with T4D am28 in the presence of labeled glutamic acid and was characterized as a folate compound containing 12 to 14 labeled glutamate residues. Extracts of uninfected bacteria liberated glutamate residues from this substrate with a pH optimum of 8.4 to 8.5. Extracts of bacteriophage T4D-infected E. coli B cells exhibited an additional new folyl polyglutamate cleavage activity with a pH optimum of about 6.4 to 6.5, which was clearly distinguished from the preexisting activity in the uninfected host cells. This new activity was induced in E. coli B cells by infection with wild-type T4D and T4D amber mutants 29(-), 26(-), 27(-), 51(-), and 10(-), but it was not induced under nonpermissive conditions by T4D am28 or by T4D 28(ts). Mutations in gene 28 affected the properties of the induced cleavage enzyme. Wild-type T4D-induced cleavage activity was not inhibited by pyrimethamine, whereas the T4D 28(ts) activity induced at a permissive temperature was inhibited by this folate analog. Folyl polyglutamate cleavage activity characteristic of the activity induced in host cells by wild type T4D or by T4D gene 28 mutants was also found in highly purified preparations of these phage ghost particles. The T4D-induced cleavage activity could be inhibited by antiserum prepared against highly purified phage baseplates. We concluded that T4D infection induced the formation of a new folyl polyglutamate cleavage enzyme and that this enzyme was coded for by T4D gene 28. Furthermore, since this gene product was a baseplate tail plug component which had both its antigenic sites and its catalytic sites exposed on the phage particle, it was apparent that this enzyme formed part of the distal surface of the phage baseplate central tail plug. PMID- 7033565 TI - Modification of RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli by pre-early gene products of bacteriophage T5. AB - RNA polymerase from cells of Escherichia coli infected with T5 were recovered as a complex with two pre-early phage-coded polypeptides, the 60,000-dalton product of gene A1 and a previously reported 11,000-dalton polypeptide. This RNA polymerase complex had altered transcriptional specificity, in that it transcribed pre-early genes less efficiently than it did early genes. PMID- 7033566 TI - Sexual and reproductive function in men treated with hemodialysis and renal transplantation. PMID- 7033567 TI - Secondary ureteropyelostomy in renal transplant recipients. AB - Ischemic necrosis of the allograft ureter after renal transplantation most often results from failure to preserve adequately is vascularity during donor nephrectomy. An acute episode of rejection occurring within the first few weeks postoperatively may serve to compound the problem, producing even more extensive necrosis of the urinary collecting system. Secondary ureteropyelostomy using the recipient's own ipsilateral ureter is the salvage operation of choice in this situation and can be highly successful provided there is strict adherence to a number of important surgical principles. PMID- 7033569 TI - Hyperaldosteronism due to unsuspected adrenal carcinoma: discovery during investigation of hypertension in a young woman. AB - During investigation for hypertension a 19-year-old black woman was found to have an unsuspected adrenal carcinoma. Hyperaldosteronism was established as the cause of the hypertension by observing suppressed plasma renin activity and nonsuppressible plasma aldosterone concentration. The causal relationship was confirmed by a cure of the hypertension and a return in the responsiveness of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis to normal after removal of the carcinoma. This report emphasizes the value of a comprehensive investigation of hypertension, especially in young patients. PMID- 7033568 TI - Evolution of the rectal bladder as a method for urinary diversion. AB - A critical analysis of previous reports reveals 2 main drawbacks of the rectal bladder: 1) recurrent pyelonephritis with subsequent loss of renal function (30 per cent) and 2) nocturnal urinary leakage (40 per cent). In a randomized prospective study the role of a submucosal tunnel for prevention of reflux was evaluated. We demonstrated objectively that this technique could provide a patent unidirectional flow of urine in the majority of cases (82.5 per cent). Urodynamic measurements, including flowmetry, rectal pressure and anal electromyography activities, indicated that the driving force for voiding is the voluntary increase of the intra-abdominal pressure rather than the intrinsic contractions of the smooth muscles of the rectum. Accordingly, attempts at control of nocturnal urinary leakage were directed towards increasing the resistance offered by the pelvic floor. The efficiency of imipramine hydrochloride to achieve this goal was tested against a placebo in a clinical trial performed in a prospective randomized fashion. This treatment was effective in the control of enuresis in a significant number of patients (75 per cent). We conclude that the rectal bladder with a terminal colostomy is a highly recommended method for permanent urinary diversion when these 2 modifications are used. PMID- 7033570 TI - Radiation-induced sarcoma following radiotherapy for testicular tumor. AB - We report 4 cases of soft tissue sarcoma following radiation therapy for testicular tumor. The tumors included leiomyosarcoma, fibroxanthosarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma and spindle cell sarcoma. Each malignancy arose within the irradiated area after a long latent period (mean 12 years) and each was histologically proved. Total radiation doses ranged from 3,500 to 9,000 rad. Three patients died as a result of the second neoplasm. Radiation-induced sarcomas are rare but must be considered in the differential diagnosis of new tumor growth in patients treated previously with radiotherapy. Full evaluation of such new tumor growth, including tissue diagnosis, is necessary before additional therapy is prescribed. PMID- 7033571 TI - JAMA reference directories. PMID- 7033572 TI - The case-control study. A practical review for the clinician. AB - The retrospective case-control study is an important research strategy commonly encountered in the medical literature. A thoughtfully designed, carefully executed case-control study can be an invaluable source of clinical information, and physicians must often base important decisions about patient counseling and management on their interpretation of such studies. Unfortunately, the retrospective direction of case-control studies--looking "backwards" from an outcome event to an antecedent exposure--is accompanied by numerous methodological hazards. Careful attention must be paid to selection of appropriate study groups; definition and detection of the outcome event; definition and ascertainment of the exposure; assurance that the compared groups were equally susceptible to the outcome event at baseline; and careful statistical analysis. If systematic bias enters the research at any of these points, erroneous conclusions can result. Greater familiarity with the case control method should enable clinicians to be more critically insightful when interpreting the results of published studies using this design format. PMID- 7033573 TI - Evaluation of bone marrow toxic reaction in patients treated with allopurinol. PMID- 7033574 TI - JAMA reference directories. PMID- 7033575 TI - Protection against endometrial carcinoma by combination-product oral contraceptives. AB - Seventy-nine patients with endometrial carcinoma were compared with 203 control subjects regarding their use of combination-product oral contraceptives (OCs). Overall, 6.3% of patients and 15.3% of control subjects had used these products. The risk of endometrial cancer for users of OCs was less than half the risk for nonusers. Five years or more of use reduced the risk to a third. Recent users were strongly protected, whereas discontinuation resulted in risks returning to those of nonusers. Furthermore, OCs with predominantly progestational effects of intermediate formulations produced greater protection than those with predominantly estrogens. This pattern of results is biologically consistent with a protective effect of combination-product OCs against endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 7033576 TI - Ethical issues in informed consent. Research on medical cost containment. AB - The decision to contain medical costs, which is a political and social decision, entails restriction of medical services. To guide public policy, research on the impact of such restriction must be carried out, but this type of research differs significantly from most other medical research. Difficult issues concerning informed consent arise, with potential conflicts among principles of maximization of good and minimization of harm to the patient, the patient's right to self determination, and the utilitarian goal of maximization of collective welfare. We have discussed these principles in the context of relationships between patient and physician and between subject and investigator. Approaches considered include emphasis on retrospective studies, use of statistical techniques to formulate clinical decision-making rules on the basis of available data, three-celled randomization designs, and the role of the primary-care physician in maximizing patient autonomy and minimizing the potentially threatening aspects of informed consent for such studies. PMID- 7033577 TI - Robert Boyle. PMID- 7033578 TI - Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program. III. Reduction in stroke incidence among persons with high blood pressure. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group. AB - The Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP) previously reported a 16.9% reduction in all-cause mortality among its Stepped Care (SC) group, relative to the community-treated Referred Care (RC) group. The current report compares cerebrovascular disease (CV) morbidity and mortality in the SC and RC populations. The SC five-year stroke incidence (1.9 per 100 persons) is significantly lower than that found among the RC (2.9 per 100 persons). Reductions in stroke rates among SC were experienced for all race-sex groups, all diastolic blood pressure strata, all ages, and among those with or without evidence of long-standing hypertension. Comparisons of the CV death rates for SC (1.06 per 1,000 persons) and RC (1.91 per 1,000 persons) with those obtained for the general US population (0.83 per 1,000 persons) indicate that the CV death rate decreased in the SC hypertensive population to a level approaching that of the general US population. PMID- 7033579 TI - Miguel Servetus. PMID- 7033580 TI - Arthur Conan Doyle's thesis on tabes dorsalis. PMID- 7033581 TI - The protective effect of lodoxamide on antigen-induced bronchospasm. An orally active antiallergic drug. PMID- 7033582 TI - The early beginnings of the Association of Nurses. PMID- 7033583 TI - Infection of group A streptococcus and antibody response to extracellular antigens. AB - A study demonstrating the relationship between pharyngeal infection of group A streptococci and the antibody response was performed. Group A streptococci were recovered from 44 (9.4%) of 466 children, of which 41 strains were typable by T protein. Fifty-five percent of 41 children from whom group A streptococci were recovered showed a significant rise in anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titers in sera. In children from whom group A streptococci were recovered and with elevated ASO titers, titers of antideoxyribonuclease B (ADNase B) were significantly higher than those who were negative for group A streptococci and also showed elevated or normal titers for ASO. Patients with acute rheumatic fever demonstrated elevated titers of both ASO and ADNase B. These findings suggest that a combination of ASO and ADNase B titers should be applied to diagnose the streptococcal infections. Antinicotinamideadenine dinucleotidase showed a low level of titers in children who had group A streptococci in their throat and exhibited elevated titers in streptococcal antibodies, and also in patients with acute rheumatic fever. PMID- 7033585 TI - [Intravenous glucose tolerance test during anesthesia-insulin response and glucose clearance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033584 TI - Heart disease program for school children and high school students in Osaka City: an introduction of computer assisted ECG analysis system as a screening tool. AB - Fukuda ECP-100 computer assisted ECG analysis system was introduced into the heart disease program for school children and high school students in Osaka City in 1979. This analysis system was used as screening tool and 39,532 of 4th graders of primary schools were examined during the first year. To evaluate and improve this analysis system a "pilot study" was organized and 52 school physicians and 10 specialists made up a "working group". "Urgent reference codes" were set to be printed out so that the limitation of the present system of the Heart Disease Program should be compensated. Problems of the ECG analysis system were as follows. The Q wave registered too wide and there were same difficulties in recognizing the end point of the T wave. Recognition ot tiny "r" wave seemed to be impossible and base line sway seemed responsible for numerous erroneous outputs. Some cases corresponding to code "4-n-n" were found to be normal after further examination. This system can be said to be useful as a screening tool. Using this system at least 4 cases of serious lesion were newly detected, one case of myocarditis and 3 cases of myocardial diseases. PMID- 7033586 TI - [Effect of vagal stimulation on synthesis of pulmonary surfactant -Maintenance of compliance by Positive. End-expiratory pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033587 TI - Correlation between body surface isopotential maps and left ventriculograms in patients with old anterior myocardial infarction. AB - In 30 patients with old anterior myocardial infarction, body surface isopotential maps were correlatively studied with left ventriculographic findings. In 25 patients with ventricular asynergy restricted to the anterior segments, surface potential abnormalities due to infarction were observed during specific phases of QRS and in specific portions of the chest surface depending on the location and extent of severe ventricular asynergy (akinesis and dyskinesis). However, the remaining 5 patients with co-existing severe asynergy in the inferoposterior segment, showed body surface potential maps quite different from those of the above 25 patients. It was suggested that body surface isopotential maps were useful in detecting the location and extent of ventricular severe asynergy in patients with old anterior myocardial infarction. PMID- 7033588 TI - A historical review of echocardiographic detection of pericardial effusion. AB - The 26 year history of echocardiographic detection of pericardial effusion ideally demonstrates the scientific method. The initial observations by Elder and Hertz in 1954 lead to animal experiments by Feigenbaum an Soulen many years later. Human applications were confirmed again and again with cardiac catheterization, surgery, autopsy and radiologic procedures. Older methods of effusion detection were compared to this new and noninvasive method and found lacking. Echocardiography has been a safe, reliable and accurate method to establish the presence of pericardial effusion in the symtomatic and asymtomatic patient. It has been used as the diagnostic standard for other detection methods. Investigators and clinicians are now utilizing echocardiography to explain cardiac physiology when pericardial effusion is present; and to follow the effects of their therapeutic interventions. While the presence of pericardial effusion has proven to be more prevalent than expected, the pathologic and hemodynamic significance of unsuspected effusion had not yet been established. Experimental and clinical studies are continuing with the aid of computerized technology for data retrieval and analysis. Thousands of patients are examined yearly with echocardiography and their statistics roll from the pages of scientific and clinical publications. The world's literature is at one's fingertips. But--the echocardiogram and its derived data are only as good as the knowledge and skill of the examiner, technologist and physician alike who " ... must understand the physics of ultrasound, the operation of a complex electronic instrument, the nature of intracardiac anatomy, and clinical cardiology as well as echographic manifestations of normal and disease conditions. Information can seldom be extracted retrospectively from the echocardiogram that was not deliberately depicted at the time of examination." More than a quarter of a century has honed present day skills to record and interpret echocardiographic tracings of pericardial effusion. Yet, it is sobering to consider how primitive our best efforts are compared to methods still unknown which will be used by technologists and physicians fifty years from now. PMID- 7033589 TI - Effects of prednisolone and anti-macrophage serum on the development of carditis and arthritis due to group A hemolytic streptococci in mice. AB - The effects of prednisolone and anti-macrophage serum (AMS) on the development of cardiac and articular lesions were compared in experimentally infected mice with group A hemolytic streptococci. The predonine-treated mice had a higher mortality rate and greater abscess formation than in the AMS-treated mice. The predonine treated group had a higher incidence of cardiac lesions due to chronic pericarditis and chronic myocarditis, and the former was particularly frequent. Pathologic findings seen in the AMS-treated mice were those of acute pancarditis. The AMS-treated animals also had lesions of subacute or chronic arthritis, whereas articular lesions encountered in the Predonine-administered group were frequently those of chronic periarthritis and, in no instance, synovitis. These data indicated that treatment with AMS is more effective than that with prednisolone to experimentally induced rheumatic fever in laboratory animals. PMID- 7033591 TI - [Detection of surface marker of lymphocytes by enzyme antibody method]. PMID- 7033590 TI - [Surface immunoglobulin tests--fluorescent antibody technic]. PMID- 7033592 TI - [Electron microscopy in the studies of lymphocytes--identification of antigens by surface and cellular structure and antibody labeled technic]. PMID- 7033593 TI - [Experimental acantholysis by the complement fixing intercellular antibodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033594 TI - [Evaluation of enzyme-linked fluorescence assay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033595 TI - [Immunofluorescence studies in lichen amyloidosis, especially in complements (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033596 TI - [A study on the role of catecholamines in gastrin responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033597 TI - [The use of glucagon for the upper gastro-intestinal radiography in the aged--a double blind crossover clinical trial (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033598 TI - [Pancreatic hormonal disturbances of cirrhotic patients and beneficial effects of transportal insulin supplementation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033599 TI - Epidemiological report: incidence of Clostridium botulinum in coastal and inland areas of West Java. PMID- 7033600 TI - [On the history of midwifery. A discussion]. PMID- 7033601 TI - [Historical significance of midwifery activities--with special reference to the Meiji period]. PMID- 7033604 TI - Membrane vesicles as tools to elucidate renal function. PMID- 7033602 TI - [55 years of midwifery activities--oral history by Ms. Shin Tanaka]. PMID- 7033603 TI - The urinary concentrating mechanism: advances and unsolved problems. PMID- 7033605 TI - Renal control mechanisms of potassium homeostasis. PMID- 7033606 TI - [Antihypertensive effect of the oral angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor in long-term treatment of hypertensive patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033608 TI - [Nursing reformation in postwar Japan: a reflection on the period of occupation]. PMID- 7033607 TI - [Administration of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor captopril, in a case of renal crisis of scleroderma--the effects of captopril to the temperature of the skin lesion in scleroderma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033610 TI - [Nurses in the history of nursing (6). Mrs. Miki Sawada and a home nurse]. PMID- 7033609 TI - [The ruins of the Bernard Mountain and the unforgettable characters]. PMID- 7033611 TI - [Personalities in the history of nursing. (4). Ms. Chika Ozeki]. PMID- 7033612 TI - [Study of macrophages in prostatic fluid. I. Methods for detection of macrophages (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033614 TI - [Studies on retrograde Proteus mirabilis pyelonephritis in the rat. I. An experiment to obtain both pathologic sections and total number of bacteria from one kidney simultaneously (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033613 TI - [Studies on urinary secretory IgA (SIgA). 2. Studies on the effect of SIgA on adherence of E.coli to the vesical epithelial cell (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033616 TI - Fermentation and VFA production in the esophageal sac of Microtus montebelli fed different rations. PMID- 7033615 TI - [Studies on retrograde Proteus mirabilis pyelonephritis in the rat. II. The concomitant thymic involution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033617 TI - On compassion. PMID- 7033619 TI - Common ski injuries. PMID- 7033618 TI - Acute aortic dissection. PMID- 7033620 TI - Unresolved grief in battered women. PMID- 7033621 TI - Trauma to the heart. PMID- 7033622 TI - Mechanical CPR update. PMID- 7033624 TI - Risk management in the emergency department. PMID- 7033623 TI - Burnout in the ED nurse. PMID- 7033625 TI - Aftercare instruction: care of the common cold. PMID- 7033626 TI - Ethics and the ED nurse: dumping the dope...of overdosed patients. PMID- 7033627 TI - Law and the ED nurse: medication errors. PMID- 7033628 TI - Management series. Leadership: responsibilities of a leader. PMID- 7033629 TI - Helmet removal from injured patients. PMID- 7033630 TI - Human adherent cell contact-mediated modulation of normal myeloid colony formation. AB - The effects of coincubation of normal nonadherent bone marrow cells on adherent monolayers created from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or marrow cells were investigated. Nonadherent marrow cells were coincubated for 4 hours with peripheral blood adherent cells at ratios of adherent cells to marrow cells of 2:1 to 5:1. This coincubation suppressed subsequent neutrophilic agar colony growth but not eosinophilic growth. Further studies suggested that this suppression was a cell-cell-mediated process and not secondary to soluble factors. However, coincubation on marrow adherent cells caused increased neutrophilic colony recovery. The possible in vivo relevance is discussed. PMID- 7033631 TI - Value of plasma alpha-1-acid glycoprotein assay in the detection of human colorectal cancer: comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen. AB - Plasma specimens assessed by caracinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the clinical laboratory for the detection of colorectal cancer were simultaneously assayed in our laboratory for alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1AG), by means of a solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay we developed. In 28 patients with colorectal cancer of Dukes A, B, and C classes, elevated levels of alpha 1AG were seen in 12 and of CEA in 8. In 44 patients with distant metastasis (Dukes D lesions), elevated plasma levels of alpha 1AG were seen in 29 and of CEA in 34. No statistical differences in the detection rate were found among these markers in these 2 groups of patients. In 33 cases of non-neoplastic disease involving the large bowel, elevated plasma levels of alpha 1AG were seen in 6, and elevated CEA levels were seen in 7. There was no statistical difference of false positive rates among ;these two markers. Elevated plasma levels of either CEA or alpha 1AG were found in 57 cases of colorectal cancer. This preliminary study suggests that the sensitivity of the plasma alpha 1AG assay is similar to that of the CEA assay in the detection of colorectal cancer. The combination of these two assays increases the detection rate of colorectal cancer significantly. PMID- 7033632 TI - Henry M. Thomas: Johns Hopkins's first neurologist. PMID- 7033633 TI - Ex-vivo surgery for treatment of intrarenal A-V malformation. PMID- 7033634 TI - Studies on leukocyte adherence inhibition test. Part II. Clinical applications of LAI test to detect delayed type hypersensitivity in infants and children. PMID- 7033635 TI - Distribution of the colicinogenic strains and the heat stability of their colicins. PMID- 7033636 TI - [A life among frontier farmers in Hokkaido: a public health nurse in a segment of history of the Showa era]. PMID- 7033637 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of isolated closed pancreatic injuries]. PMID- 7033638 TI - [Trypsin in the blood in pancreatitis: facts, assumptions, errors]. PMID- 7033639 TI - [In defense of the phenomenon of "enzyme deviation" in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7033640 TI - [Current aspects of acute postoperative pancreatitis]. PMID- 7033641 TI - [Pathogenetic role of circulatory disorders in the pancreas in the development of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7033642 TI - [N. I. Pirogov, founder of topographic (applied anatomy]. PMID- 7033643 TI - [Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov: honored member of Kharkov University]. PMID- 7033644 TI - [Memorials to N. I. Pirogov]. PMID- 7033645 TI - [Torsion of the greater omentum (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7033646 TI - [Hepatography in the evaluation of liver function in rectal cancer]. PMID- 7033647 TI - [Pancreatic transplantation from a live donor]. PMID- 7033648 TI - [Surgical treatment of pyloroduodenal stenosis of ulcerative etiology (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7033649 TI - [Distribution of alveolar hydatid disease among the world's population]. PMID- 7033651 TI - [Current problems of transthoracic lung biopsy]. PMID- 7033650 TI - [Allografting in skin defects from mechanical injury]. PMID- 7033652 TI - [Theoretical views of S.P. Botkin on the clinical and general pathological problems of internal medicine (on the 150th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7033653 TI - [On the centenary of N.I. Pirogov's death]. PMID- 7033654 TI - [Centennial of the birth of A.A. Bogomolets]. PMID- 7033656 TI - [Theoretical background of pain perception and Koreans' expression patterns of pain]. PMID- 7033655 TI - [HLA antigens, hormonal profile and insulin antibodies in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with retinopathy]. PMID- 7033657 TI - Spontaneous peritonitis of liver cirrhosis--an autopsy case. PMID- 7033658 TI - Response of the murine lymphoid system to a chronic infection with Trypanosoma congolense. I. The spleen. AB - The response within the different cellular compartments of the spleen in mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense was evaluated using histologic and cytologic methods and immunofluorescence to detect intracellular and cell surface immunoglobulin. The isolate of T. congolense used produces a chronic infection in C3H/He mice leading to death 40 to 70 days after inoculation. Previous studies had shown that this infection resulted in a marked immunodepression as judged by a range of in vitro assays of splenic cellular responses. It was found that the splenic cellular changes occurred in two phases. First, coincident with and following the first peak of parasitemia, there was a marked proliferative phase characterized by widespread hyperplasia of the white pulp with the production of large numbers of plasma cells and an expansion of the erythropoietic component of the red pulp. During this period, there was a marked decrease in the intensity of staining for surface Ig on cells of the follicular regions of the white pulp. Following the initial proliferative changes, a more protracted phase ensued during which, although the proliferative activity continued, there was a gradual disorganization of the white pulp with eventual lymphoid depletion. This was accompanied by a progressive expansion of the red pulp due to increased numbers of erythropoietic cells and to a lesser extent granulopoietic cells and macrophages. At the same time, there was a gradual decrease in the number of plasma cells found in the red pulp, although many were still present in the periarteriolar regions. The end result of these changes was an approximately 17 fold increase in total splenic cellularity of which erythropoietic cells contributed more than 50 per cent, and lymphocytes were reduced in absolute numbers to below control levels. A striking feature during both phases of the infection was the lack of discrete germinal centers. PMID- 7033659 TI - Histochemical localization of cathepsin B at the invasion front of the rabbit V2 carcinoma. AB - To clarify the role of cathepsin B in tumor invasion, the enzyme was visualized in tissue frozen sections of the subcutaneously growing rabbit V2 carcinoma. Localization of cathepsin B was achieved by immunofluorescent staining and by enzyme histochemistry. For the former approach, a sheep antiserum was raised against purified cathepsin B from rabbit liver. The antibodies, isolated by immunoadsorption, reacted monospecifically with rabbit liver cathepsin B in Ouchterlony double diffusion and in immunoelectrophoresis. In the enzyme histochemical assay, Z-Ala-Arg-Arg-methoxynaphtylamide was used as fluorogenic substrate and nitrosalicylaldehyde as coupling agent. With both methods, cathepsin B was found to be localized within fibroblasts and leukocytes assembled at the tumor invasion front. In addition, immunofluorescent staining demonstrated the occurrence of the enzyme in the extracellular matrix surrounding tumor cell clusters. Carcinoma cells always remained unstained. The conclusion is drawn that cathepsin B is chiefly produced by host cells which are stimulated to increase synthesis and to release the enzyme under the influence of the tumor. A dual function can be ascribed to cathepsin B concentrated in the vicinity of the tumor: it operates intracellularly (in host cells) through degradation of endocytosed protein and extracellularly through activation of collagenase. The resulting lytic action on host structures appears to be a prerequisite for local spread of the V2 carcinoma. PMID- 7033661 TI - Cryptococcal infection of the central nervous system of a dog in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7033660 TI - Effect of secretin on gastric parietal cell ultrastructure in man. AB - The effect of secretin on parietal cell ultrastructure and on gastric mucosal potential difference have not been reported. In five healthy subjects, we studied the effect of intravenous injection of 2 clinical units per kg. of secretin on parietal cell canalicular and tubulovesicular membrane areas. In addition, we studied the effect of secretin on serum secretin levels and gastric mucosal potential difference. Biopsies of gastric mucosa for light and electron microscopy were obtained prior to and 15 and 30 minutes after secretin injection. Electron micrographs of 140 parietal cells were analyzed by the Loud quantitative method. Fifteen minutes following secretin administration, parietal cell canalicular membrane area decreased from a basal value of 4.37 +/- 0.43 per cent to 3.17 +/- 0.28 per cent (p less than 0.01). The number and length of microvilli also significantly decreased. Tubulovesicular membrane area increased from 9.32 +/- 0.7 per cent to 9.74 +/- 0.6 per cent (p greater than 0.05). The effect of secretin on canalicular membrane area was short lived, with recovery to nearly basal level at 30 minutes. Nuclear membrane area did not change at 15 and 30 minutes after secretin. After injection, serum secretin increased from a mean basal value of 15 to 2800 pg. per ml. at 15 minutes, falling to 130 pg. per ml. at 30 minutes. Gastric potential difference following secretin injection rose from -43 +/- 2 mv. to -54 +/- 2 mv. (p less than 0.01) within 10 minutes. In conclusion, a pharmacologic dose of secretin alters gastric parietal cell ultrastructure and causes significant elevation of gastric mucosal potential difference. PMID- 7033662 TI - An update of approaches toward the fluorescence immunoassay of drugs. AB - Non-isotopic immunoassays have been developed for many of the analytes of interest in the clinical and toxicologic laboratories. A short review of potential developments and applications of fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) techniques is presented. Although many forms of FIA have been reported, they may all be categorized as either homogeneous (non-separation of phases) or heterogeneous (separation of phases) in nature. The basis of this categorization and its usefulness in drug analyses have been evaluated. A method using a substrate-labeled theophylline derivative is described as an example of an end point homogeneous FIA system, while a technique utilizing a second antibody precipitation for the analysis of gentamicin is used as an example of a heterogeneous FIA technique. A comparison of relevant analytical parameters has revealed that homogeneous and heterogeneous FIA techniques offer some advantages over other immunoassay techniques. PMID- 7033663 TI - Optimization of EMIT reagent system using a COBAS-BIO centrifugal analyzer. AB - An optimized method for application of the EMIT reagent system to a COBAS-BIO centrifugal analyzer was developed to minimize reagent consumption while maintaining good precision and accuracy. Forty-one serum samples, previously analyzed for theophylline by HPLC, were assayed using the modified protocol on the COBAS-BIO centrifugal analyzer. Regression analysis of the results obtained from both methods yielded the following equation: y = 1.10x + 0.01, r = 0.964 (x = HPLC, y = COBAS-BIO centrifugal analyzer, EMIT). The COBAS-BIO centrifugal analyzer and EMIT methodology provided an efficient, inexpensive, and relatively effortless approach to drug monitoring in the routine clinical laboratory. PMID- 7033664 TI - Sleep after exercise: a literature review. PMID- 7033666 TI - Measurement of renal blood flow. PMID- 7033665 TI - Current research review. Organ Freezing. PMID- 7033667 TI - Medicinal plants in tropical West Africa. I. Plants acting on the cardiovascular system. PMID- 7033668 TI - Chuchuhuasha - a drug used in folk medicine in the Amazonian and Andean areas. A chemical study of Maytenus laevis. AB - In the high Amazonian basin a plant named chuchuasha, (or chuchuaso) is used in traditional medicine for several purposes in the form of an alcoholic extract. This plant, a Maytenus species, most probably Maytenus laevis, grows in the subandean region of the Amazonian basin (Peru, Ecuador, Colombia). Antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties were recently attributed to the extracts of the root bark of the plant. The composition of the extract of M. laevis from the Putumayo area of Colombia was studied in order to establish the active principle responsible for these activities. The presence of phenoldienones (tingenone, 22 hydroxytingenone), a catechin (4'-methyl-(-)-epigallocatechin) and proanthocyanidins (Ouratea-proanthocyanidins A and B) was established. The biological activities of these compounds confirm the properties of the extracts of the plant claimed by traditional medicine. PMID- 7033669 TI - A neglected Mayan galactagogue - ixbut (Euphorbia lancifolia). AB - A herbal tea, made of leaves of ixbut (Euphorbia lancifolia Schlecht.), has been used for several centuries by postpartum Mayan women in Guatemala to stimulate and increase the flow of mother's milk. Ixbut, when mixed with cattle fodder, is reputed to have increased milk yields in cows. To date, the active principle of ixbut has never been isolated. However, this medicinal herb, a natural galactagogue of Central American origin, would appear to be worthy of further chemical and pharmacological study. The following illustrated article describes the history and use of ixbut, and includes chromatographic analyses of dried ixbut leaves from Guatemala. PMID- 7033670 TI - Orthotopic transplantation of the baboon heart after 20 to 24 hours' preservation by continuous hypothermic perfusion with an oxygenated hyperosmolar solution. AB - Baboon hearts were rapidly excised after being flushed with 500 ml of cardioplegic solution at 4 degrees C and then immersed in cold 4 degrees C saline or cardioplegic solution for 2 minutes. The hearts were then perfused at 8 to 10 cm H2O pressure for 20 to 24 hours under refrigeration with a hyperosmolar clear fluid maintain perfusate at 6 to 8 degrees C, through which 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide were continually bubbled to maintain the perfusate pH between 7.2 and 7.4. Myocardial temperature remained at approximately 6 to 8 degrees C. The hearts were then orthotopically transplanted into recipient baboons matched for size and AB blood group. Two groups (A and B) were studied, differing significantly only with respect to the constitution of the cardioplegic solution and perfusate used. The cardioplegic agent used in Group B contained a higher concentration of magnesium than that used in Group A and included the calcium antagonist verapamil. Perfusate B had higher osmolality than perfusate A, largely due to the inclusion of sucrose. A preliminary group of 10 baboons in Group A received no immunosuppression. Five of the remaining six immunosuppressed baboons in this group survived more than 48 hours to rejection or until killed at 2 to 29 days. All six of the baboons in Group B survived to rejection between 6 and 33 days, with mean survival 19.5 days. Cardiac catheterization was performed in six surviving baboons (Group A, four; Group B, two) between postoperative days 6 and 10 and showed good hemodynamic function. Histologic examination of hearts after death has shown only minor ischemic changes in those hearts which functioned well. PMID- 7033671 TI - The case for randomizing surgical therapy. PMID- 7033672 TI - Continuing improvements in valvular bioprostheses. PMID- 7033674 TI - Drug trials in prevention of occlusion of aorta--coronary artery vein grafts. PMID- 7033673 TI - The effect of antithrombotic therapy on patency rates of saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts. AB - In an attempt to improve upon the reported long-term patency rates of 65% to 85% for saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG), a prospective randomized trial comparing warfarin, aspirin, and placebo treatment in post-CABG patients was carried out. From an initial group of 216 patients, 161 patients remained in the study, and vein graft patency was determined in 111 patients (220 grafts) from 1 to 47 months postoperatively. There was a trend toward better cumulative graft patency in patients given warfarin, but the results did not achieve statistical significance. Improved results with warfarin were most marked among patients who were restudied within 24 months of CABG operation, in most instances because of the development of recurrent angina pectoris. There were four major bleeding complications of warfarin therapy, including one death, over 2,108 patient-months. Since most of the occlusive changes in vein grafts appear in the first 6 to 12 months, any effect of antithrombotic therapy will be most evident in the early postoperative period, with greatly reduced impact with long-term administration. Results of this study suggest that short-term antithrombotic therapy deserves further assessment in prevention of vein graft occlusion in the first year or two following a CABG operation. This potential benefit must be evaluated in the context of the recognized bleeding complications of warfarin therapy. PMID- 7033675 TI - Organotypic monolayer cultures of nervous tissue. AB - Cultivation of nervous tissue by means of the roller-tube technique yields thin organotypic cultures. Explants or slices prepared from 1- to 20-day-old rats are embedded in a plasma clot on flying coverslips and cultivated for weeks in roller tubes. Due to the flattening of the tissue, individual nerve cells are often arranged in monolayer thickness and can, therefore, be viewed with phase-contrast microscopy. This technique is utilized to culture and co-culture nervous tissue derived from various brain regions. The degree of organotypic organization depends on the age of the animals used for culturing. Stable intracellular recordings arae obtained from nerve cells which are impaled under visual control. In view of the accessibility of individual living cells, this approach seems to be particularly well-suited for physiological and pharmacological studies on morphologically identified nerve cells. PMID- 7033676 TI - A microdissection method for recording single unit activity from the white matter of the central nervous system. PMID- 7033677 TI - [The starting point in nursing--an observation through the history of European ideology]. PMID- 7033678 TI - Lipid resorption and intestinal lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 7033679 TI - The role of the microbiology laboratory in the diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment of infective endocarditis. AB - The laboratory diagnosis of infective endocarditis is based on isolation of the etiologic agent from blood cultures. Major variables affecting the yield of microorganisms include the volume of blood cultured and the number of cultures performed, the atmosphere of incubation of cultures, and the frequency of examination and subculture of blood cultures. Bactericidal tests of antibiotics, singly and in combination, are important in determining the therapeutic regimen. PMID- 7033680 TI - Renal transplantation in Alport's syndrome: anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis in the allograft. AB - Eleven patients with Alport's syndrome had renal transplantation between 1963 and 1980. The mean follow-up is 6 years (6 months to 14 years). All 11 patients are currently alive. Ten have functioning grafts, and in nine the serum creatinine concentration is less than 2 mg/dl. Three patients received a second allograft. Histologic study of the allografts that were lost revealed a diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis with strongly positive linear IgG staining of the glomerular basement membrane in the allografts of two of the three patients; circulating antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies were present in one patient. These two patients had successful retransplantation and they remain well 1 1/2 and 4 1/2 years later. Renal transplantation in patients with Alport's syndrome is a worthwhile and very satisfactory procedure. PMID- 7033681 TI - William Osler and his Gulstonian Lectures on malignant endocarditis. AB - Current perceptions of the association between William Osler and bacterial endocarditis are, for many of us, encompassed by the eponym, "Osler's nodes." Osler himself credited others with priority in description of those nodes, and the eponym is justified only because it signals the overlordship of the disease that the great clinician maintained for 3 decades (1885 through 1915). In the Gulstonian Lectures on malignant endocarditis, Osler provided, as Cushing said, "the first comprehensive account in English of the disease and did much to bring the subject to the attention of clinicians." In the present account, I have sought to assess the degree to which Osler's contributions to knowledge and understanding of bacterial endocarditis were extended or limited by forces of time and circumstance that, for the most part, extended beyond boundaries that any effort on his part could have altered. PMID- 7033682 TI - Effect of deoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic, and cholic acids on intestinal absorption of cholesterol in humans. AB - The effect of administration of primary and secondary bile acids on absorption of cholesterol was investigated in 15 volunteers. Eight Caucasians with radiolucent gallstones were studied before and after administration of chenodeoxycholic acid (all eight) and cholic acid (eight before, six after treatment) for 3 months, and seven healthy subjects were studied before and five were studied after administration of deoxycholic acid for 6 weeks. The hourly absorption of [3H]cholesterol was measured for 24 hours in a 20-cm duodenal segment by use of an intestinal perfusion technique. Fasting serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were also measured before and after administration of bile acid. In patients with gallstones, absorption of cholesterol in the duodenum, expressed as the mean (+/- SEM) percentage of [3H]cholesterol absorbed hourly for 24 hours, was not significantly different after administration of chenodeoxycholic (22.5 +/ 4.4%) or cholic (25.6 +/- 5.9%) acid when compared with the pretreatment value (21.1 +/- 4.3%). Moreover, administration of chenodeoxycholic and cholic acid did not affect serum lipid levels. In contrast, administration of deoxycholic acid to healthy volunteers suppressed [3H]cholesterol absorption (13.2 +/- 3.2%) compared with that of the pretreatment period (26.5 +/- 3.8%) and decreased serum cholesterol levels by 15%. Our results suggest that chenodeoxycholic acid decreases the concentration of cholesterol in bile and dissolves gallstones by a mechanism other than inhibition of absorption of cholesterol. The data also indicate that the hypocholesterolemic effect of deoxycholic acid is due to the inhibition of intestinal absorption of cholesterol. PMID- 7033685 TI - A medical anniversary. PMID- 7033683 TI - Staphylococcal infective endocarditis. AB - Staphylococcus aureus causes an acute endocarditis, often involving previously normal valves. The criteria used for diagnosis of subacute bacterial endocarditis are frequency absent, and distinguishing acute endocarditis from bacteremia without valvular involvement is difficult. In vitro studies, including teichoic acid antibody assay and bactericidal tolerance, have been developed to aid in making the diagnosis and planning the treatment. Cases of native valve, prosthetic valve, and addict-associated endocarditis are considered separately because of differences in prognosis and approach. Use of two synergistic antibiotics has not been proved clinically superior to use one agent, and surgical intervention during treatment may be necessary in some cases. Despite prompt treatment recognition of complications, the morbidity and mortality associated with this infection remain high. PMID- 7033684 TI - One minute with diabetes: two interesting case abstracts. PMID- 7033686 TI - Health, healing and religion. PMID- 7033687 TI - Stroke volumes and ventricular volumes determined from indicator dilution curves, Part 1. PMID- 7033688 TI - Stroke volumes and ventricular volumes determined from indicator dilution curves, Part 2. PMID- 7033689 TI - [Anti-reticulin antibodies:a review of the subject]. PMID- 7033690 TI - [HDL-cholesterol in chronic renal failure and renal transplant (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033691 TI - [Legionnaires' disease. Review]. PMID- 7033692 TI - [Peptid contraception--new principles for family planning]. PMID- 7033693 TI - [1000 years experience with cystic fibrosis--a collection of evidence]. PMID- 7033694 TI - [Medical knowledge in large-scale data bases: literature references, facts, expert knowledge available via your private terminal connected to the public telephone network]. PMID- 7033695 TI - [Direct connection with MEDLINE is valuable even for clinics in county hospitals]. PMID- 7033696 TI - [Single-dose and weekly therapy of acute urinary infections]. PMID- 7033697 TI - [Sperry has given us a new dimension on views of the higher functions of the brain]. PMID- 7033698 TI - [The abdominoendorectal resection with peranal anastomosis in the treatment of radiation injuries of the rectum (author's transl)]. AB - During the period 1974-1980 39 patients underwent operations at the Prosper Hospital in Recklinghausen for radiation injuries to the rectum or rectosigmoid. They comprised 22 patients with rectovaginal fistulas, 6 with ulcers, 3 suffering from severe hemorrhagic proctitis, 5 with rectal strictures, 1 with necrosis, and 2 with radiation ulcers and carcinoma. A sphincter-saving operative method of treating postirradiation damage of the rectum is presented. The technique involves the peranal anastomosis of healthy colon to the midanal canal using a sleeve anastomosis. Technical and functional results of resectional surgery for the rectal complications of radiation therapy are reported. Subjectively, total continence was present in 78%, only 1 patient was incontinent because of flatus and watery stools. PMID- 7033699 TI - [Alcoholic liver damage in rats: histological and histochemical findings of an one year trial (author's transl)]. AB - 30 female Wistar rats on the normal pellet diet received ethyl alcohol in increasing concentrations (5-40%) ad libitum as the only fluid intake and were sacrificed after 6, 9 and 12 months together with control animals. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity of liver parenchyma was consistently reduced in the central parts of the lobuli; histological findings however were inconsistent; fatty degeneration, focal hepatitis, and necrosis of single hepatic cells could be found as well as normal livers in rats receiving alcohol for longer time periods. In primates sclerosis of central lobular veins occurring early in the process of alcoholic liver damage has been described previously; these changes were supposed to have diagnostic relevance in regard to progression of the liver disease; such sclerotic changes can be observed as well after 6 to 12 months intake of alcohol in rat livers in varying degrees of severity. PMID- 7033700 TI - [Preprosthetic orthodontic possibilities and esthetics in the adult]. PMID- 7033701 TI - Effects of insulin on cellular growth and proliferation. PMID- 7033702 TI - Neuronal 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors outside the central nervous system. PMID- 7033703 TI - Ultradian circa 11/2 hour rhythms: a multioscillatory system. PMID- 7033704 TI - Enkephalinase: selective peptide inhibitors. PMID- 7033705 TI - Acceleration of DNA synthesis in post-hepatectomized regenerating liver of normal rat by insulin and glucagon. PMID- 7033706 TI - Direct in vitro stimulation of pituitary LH release by alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone. PMID- 7033707 TI - Minireview: role of reactive oxygen and metabolite binding in drug toxicity. PMID- 7033708 TI - Comparison of the effects of captopril, diuretic and their combination in low- and normal-renin essential hypertension. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of captopril (CAP) and hydrochlorothiazide (HTZ), alone and in combination, on mean (+/- S.D.) blood pressure (BP), plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) in equal groups of six patients with low-renin and normal-renin essential hypertension. Renin classification was determined after furosemide (80 mg) stimulation; control measurements were made after each patient had been off all medications for at least 1 week. After a single 25 mg dose of CAP, BP decreased, PRA increased, and PAC decreased more (p less than 0.05) in the normal- than in the low-renin group. Each patient was then given the following in sequence for at least 2 weeks: CAP 25 mg t.i.d., HTZ 50 mg/day, and the combination. The results at the end of each treatment period indicated a modest, but significant reduction in blood pressure in both groups following CAP and HTZ; the effect of the combination was additive. Within each renin group under similar conditions there was no significant difference in mean PRA or PAC after each treatment. Thus, while the short-term effect of CAP on BP differed in patients with low- and normal-renin essential hypertension, the effect after chronic CAP was similar, comparable to that of HTZ and additive in combination in both groups. PMID- 7033709 TI - Renin synthesis by canine aortic smooth muscle cells in culture. AB - Angiotensin-I generating activity has been detected in homogenates of arterial tissue but it remains unclear whether this enzymatic activity results from the presence of renin itself or from the action of other proteases such as cathepsin D. In an assay system employing anephric dog plasma as substrate and buffered to pH 7.4, we detected angiotensin-I generating activity in homogenates of canine aortic smooth muscle cells. This enzymatic activity was in large part inhibitable by renin-specific antisera raised to pure canine renal renin. Immunofluorescent study of cultured arterial smooth muscle cells was also performed using renin specific antiserum. Granular cytoplasmic immunofluorescence was detected when specific antirenin serum was used but not when preimmune serum was employed. The addition of pure canine renin to the renin antiserum during staining suppressed the granular immunofluorescence confirming the specificity of staining. Finally, biosynthetic radiolabelling studies were performed. Immunoprecipitation of newly synthesized proteins with antirenin serum and staphylococcal protein A followed by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography demonstrated the synthesis of an immunoreactive protein with the molecular weight of renin. Pretreatment of the antirenin serum with pure canine renin resulted in the disappearance of this immunoreactive protein band. Thus these studies provide multiple lines of evidence to indicate the in situ synthesis of renin by vascular smooth muscle cells. PMID- 7033710 TI - Minireview: the health implications of water treatment with ozone. AB - Ozone is a highly efficient disinfectant which may have significant advantages in water treatment compared to chlorine. It has, however, been shown that mutagenic and possibly carcinogenic byproducts may be produced under certain conditions of ozonation. Light chlorination following ozonization may meet the highest standards of disinfection. In addition the destruction of much of the organic matter by prior ozone treatment may well result in less harmful chlorinated and brominated products in the finished water. In many cases ozone treatment alone may suffice. It would be desirable to test with long term in vivo experiments which of the alternatives produces the best combination of microbiologically clean and pleasant water with minimum mutagenic and carcinogenic effect. PMID- 7033712 TI - [Current x-ray diagnostic problems in breast cancer (a review)]. PMID- 7033711 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid scintigraphic data for characterizing dynamic cerebrospinal fluid disturbances]. PMID- 7033713 TI - [Methods of leukocyte radionuclide labeling and the potentials for using labelled leukocytes in medicine]. PMID- 7033714 TI - Indecent exposure: a review of the literature. PMID- 7033715 TI - Medical research: law and ethics. PMID- 7033716 TI - [Public health development in the city of Smela]. PMID- 7033717 TI - [History of Smela's N. A. Semashko City Hospital]. PMID- 7033720 TI - [Cardiorhythmograph]. AB - A device containing a digital meter of cardiointervals (with a measuring accuracy of +/- 2 msec) and a digital-to-analog converter (for 10 bits) is proposed. The device ensures the high-quality registration of cardiointervalograms. The parallel binary codes carrying information on the duration of cardiointervals are supplied to the perforator control unit or directly to the computer. To ensure the rational use of the whole width of the recorder tape, the possibility of changing the amplification scale of the output analog signal and the compensation of its noninformative steady component are provided. The circuit of the device includes the counter of the number of analyzed cardiocycles with the output where the logical unit is changed for zero (and vice versa) after every 50 measured intervals. The device is activated either by the built-in integrated-circuit amplifier of biopotentials or by the demodulator of frequency-modulated signals transmitting ECG over the telephone. PMID- 7033718 TI - [Device for anamnestic data collection using microprocessors]. AB - A device for collecting medical history data, using the microprocessor K580 and intended for work in the automated system for mass prophylactic surveys, is discussed. The device is realized in 2 variants: working autonomously or in combination with computers of a higher level. The structural diagrams of both variants and the software for the autonomous variant are described. PMID- 7033719 TI - [Automated information collecting and processing system fed from multichannel radiodiagnostic devices]. AB - A system for collecting and processing information has been developed in the basis of the model "Elektronika" D3-28 computer. An interface between the computer and diagnostic instruments has been designed and manufactured. The software for the system has also been devised. The programs allow, besides making calculations in accordance with some concrete working methods, to smooth out curves, to eliminate overshoots, to print out the file data on patients, etc. The main advantages of this system are its low cost and the elimination of manual work in numbering curves and data processing, which increases the working capacity of radiological equipment. PMID- 7033721 TI - [Automated collection of the anamnesis in mass screenings (the example of oncological screening)]. AB - An automated system for collecting medical history data, incorporating computer devices, is proposed. The program of questioning according to a branching scheme has been devised. The automated method of collecting medical history data has the following advantages over the traditional questionnaire method: the automated method reduces the time of survey and fatigues the patients less; besides, it allows one to form "risk groups" to ensure greater precision in diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7033722 TI - [Gustav Mahler's heart disease]. PMID- 7033723 TI - Mainstreaming at the early childhood level: current and future perspectives. PMID- 7033724 TI - Immunochemical techniques. Part C. PMID- 7033725 TI - Radioimmunoassay determination of circulating pancreatic endopeptidases. PMID- 7033726 TI - Fluorescence excitation transfer immunoassay (FETI). PMID- 7033727 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for the demonstration and quantification of immune complexes. PMID- 7033728 TI - The fluorescence immunoassay using plane surface solid phases (FIAPS). PMID- 7033729 TI - Note on the blood supply of the ducts of the rabbit pancreas. PMID- 7033730 TI - A quantitative method using continuous recording of platelet thrombus size in hamster cheek pouch. PMID- 7033732 TI - Construction of composite indicator dilution reference curves without erythrocyte data for lung permeability studies. PMID- 7033731 TI - A technique for casting and fabricating hollow slide models of the microcirculation. PMID- 7033733 TI - New WSU med school dean wants to improve residencies, research. PMID- 7033735 TI - [Amino acid pool dynamics and extracellular protease biosynthesis in Aspergillus candidus]. AB - The biosynthesis of exocellular proteases by Aspergillus candidus is inhibited if a source of energy, carbon and nitrogen is added to the medium lacking one of these elements. The biosynthesis is not entirely inhibited if a sulfur source is added to the medium deficient in sulfur. The dynamics of free amino acid pool was studied under the conditions of deficiency of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur sources. The absence of a carbon or nitrogen source causes a decrease in the overall amino acid pool. The same correlation is true of most individual amino acids, with the exception of valine, tyrosine and phenylalanine (in the absence of a carbon source), or proline and glycine (in the conditions of deficiency of carbon and nitrogen sources). As soon as the limiting source is added to the medium, the amino acid pool rapidly rises. The deficiency of a sulfur source noticeably decreases the level of most amino acids in the cells. The addition of MgSO4 to the medium restores the pool of sulfur-containing amino acids while changes in the concentration of other amino acids remain the same. PMID- 7033734 TI - [Mechanism of the action of a vacuum on microorganisms]. PMID- 7033736 TI - [Protein yield in the rehydration of dehydrated Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells]. AB - The release of proteins was studied during rehydration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells dehydrated using two techniques which were characterized by different survival rate. A correlation was established between the loss of proteins and the survival rate of cells after dehydration and rehydration. Proteins with a molecular mass from 6000 to 70,000 daltons (low molecular weight proteins predominating) were found in the rehydration medium by the method of disc-electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate. Moreover, the rehydration medium exhibited the activity of certain phosphohydrolases and dehydrogenases; this finding suggests that proteins with a higher molecular weight are present in the medium. PMID- 7033737 TI - [Method of calculating the specific growth rate of microorganisms by measurements of the substrate or product concentration]. AB - A procedure and formulae are proposed for calculating the specific rate of microbial growth; these are based on measuring the concentration of either a limiting substrate or a product involved in the growth of a microorganism. Only the concentrations of a substrate (S) or a product (P) are determined periodically in the course of the cultural growth whereas the biomass yield (chi) in the medium is established only after long time intervals. The proposed equations may be used for controlling the specific growth rate in large-scale processes by the concentration of a product (or a substrate) using a computer, as well as in laboratory studies of mu as a function of the conditions for growth of slowly growing microorganisms. PMID- 7033738 TI - [The teaching of dental medicine in Geneva. The search for a means]. PMID- 7033739 TI - Tobacco-alcohol amblyopia: a proposed biochemical basis for pathogenesis. AB - Tobacco-alcohol or nutritional amblyopia is a rare disorder of decreased central vision associated with nutritional deficiencies and tobacco smoking. although folate deficiency is common in patients with tobacco-alcohol amblyopia, the role of folic acid in this disorder has been underplayed. The role of cyanide from tobacco smoke, folate and other dietary deficiencies will be reviewed. A new model of the pathogenesis of tobacco-alcohol amblyopia is proposed based on the presumptive alteration of methionine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine metabolism. PMID- 7033740 TI - Federal technology assessment programs should be limited. PMID- 7033741 TI - A new open-loop insulin delivery system. PMID- 7033742 TI - Management of lumbar nerve-root pain by intrathecal and epidural injections of depot methylprednisolone acetate. AB - Sciatica is one of the most incapacitating and difficult to treat of all benign pains. This is a report of the results of using epidural and intrathecal corticosteroids in depot form, methylprednisolone acetate (Depo-Medrol), in 108 patients who presented with a clinical diagnosis of acute lumbar disc prolapse and nerve-root pain. There was a 75% response rate in patients with less than four weeks of symptoms, whereas in patients with more than six weeks of symptoms the rate dropped to 43%. Patients with a high level of protein in their cerebrospinal fluid appeared to have a higher response rate. The treatment is most likely to be effective when the patient is male, the duration of symptoms is less than four weeks, and the patient has irritant rather than compressive neuropathy. PMID- 7033743 TI - Preservation of pancreatic cell function in diabetes mellitus: treating diabetes with corticosteroid. PMID- 7033744 TI - Hypertension treated by sodium restriction. AB - Forty-eight people with hypertension entered a controlled study to observe the effect of sodium (NaCl) restriction on blood pressure. In people with mild hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 90-105 mmHg), sodium restriction reduced blood pressure compared with a control group and 75% obtained a diastolic blood pressure of less than 90 mmHg. In people with more severe hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 4105 mmHg), sodium restriction achieved the same level of control as chlorothiazide (500 mg a day). Restriction of sodium intake is an effective method of reducing blood pressure and should be the first form of therapy in people with mild hypertension. PMID- 7033745 TI - Treatment of mild hypertension in the elderly. A study initiated and administered by the National Heart Foundation of Australia. AB - There were 582 subjects over 60 years of age at entry into the Australian Therapeutic Trial in Mild Hypertension (diastolic blood pressure (V) = 95 to 109 mmHg) in which subjects were randomly allocated to receive active pharmacological treatment or placebo tablets. One-third of the elderly group was aged 69-74 years at the end of the study. All subjects were free of evidence of circulatory or other serious diseases at entry. There was a 39% reduction in trial end-points (death or specified cardiovascular event) amongst the 293 actively treated subjects. There was no evidence of excessive premature withdrawal in this actively treated group which might have been attributed to drug side effects, and the withdrawal rate in these elderly subjects was no different from that of the total trial population. The benefit from treatment in these subjects accords with that found in the total trial population, aged 30 to 69 years. PMID- 7033746 TI - Vitamin C and the common cold: using identical twins as controls. AB - We analysed self-reported cold data for 95 pairs of identical twins who took part in a double-blind trial of vitamin C tablets. One member of each twin pair took vitamin C and the other took a well matched placebo each day for 100 days. Vitamin C had no significant effect except for shortening the average duration of cold episodes by 19%. PMID- 7033748 TI - Pilonidal surgery. PMID- 7033747 TI - Colorectal cancer. PMID- 7033749 TI - Sucralfate--a new drug for duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7033750 TI - Immunogenicity of some common thermolabile surface antigens of Escherichia coli. AB - The development in rabbits of antibodies against common thermolabile Escherichia coli surface antigens - and against O and K antigens - was investigated. Three strains, E3b (O75:K95:H5), E56b (O8:K27:H-), and H61 (O45:K1:H10), and five rabbits per strain were used. Immunization was carried out by routine procedures using non-heated whole cell vaccines. Homologous and heterologous reactions were recorded. Bacterial agglutination showed no great differences between homologous antisera. Maximum agglutination titers were reached after three immunizations, i.e., 12 dyas after the first immunization. The development of antibodies to the many single common and specific antigens was followed by examination in crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Indication of immune tolerance of polysaccharide K27 antigen was found. The finding of pre-immune antibody and the rapid response to immunization indicate that many of the reactions recorded should be regarded as secondary responses. Several antigens in the three strains were identical or serologically related. The common cross-reacting thermolabile surface antigens showed similar electrophoretic mobility in the three stains. Some rabbits were found to be overall good producers of antibodies and some were poor. The occurrence or absence of pre-immune antibody to common antigens could not be sued to select the good antibody producers. It is suggested that the immune response to the common surface antigens that could be reckoned as outer membrane proteins may influence the relationship between host and bacterium. PMID- 7033751 TI - Plasmids coding for enterotoxins, K88 antigen and colicins in porcine Escherichia coli strains of O-group 149. AB - This study was carried out to determine whether the strong epidemiological correlation observed in Sweden between production of the adhesin K88, the heat stable (ST) and the heat-labile (LT) enterotoxins in E. coli strains of O-group 149 isolated from piglet diarrhea might be explained by linkage of their genetic determinants. From 22 different isolates plasmids coding for these virulence factors were investigated by conjugation and transduction experiments and analysis on agarose gels. The genes coding for ST production could be transferred by selection for antibiotic resistance, but behaved as transposable elements most often residing on a 55 Mdal plasmid coding for colicin B. The genes coding for raffinose fermentation and K88 antigen production were located on a 45 Mdal plasmid and the genes coding for LT production on plasmids within the 45-70 Mdal size. Thus the epidemiological importance and spread of this O-group in Sweden was explained by its stable content of two or three virulence plasmids, which could be transferred independently of one another. PMID- 7033752 TI - [Synthesis of benzo(g)quinoline derivatives. XV. Di[benzo(g) quinolylpiperazinyl]alkanes possessing antimalarial activity]. PMID- 7033753 TI - [Erythrocyte enzymes at different stages of Plasmodium berghei schizogony]. PMID- 7033754 TI - [Cholera in the history of Novi Sad]. PMID- 7033755 TI - In vivo neutron activation analysis: state of the art and future prospects. AB - From the inauspicious beginning arising in the aftermath of a reactor accident in 1957, in vivo analysis of body elements by neutron activation has become an important tool in medical research. In particular, it provides a much needed means to make quantitative assessments of body composition of human beings in vivo. The data are useful both for basic physiological understanding and for diagnosis and management of a variety of diseases and disorders. The paper traces the development of the in vivo neutron activation technique in the past quarter of a century from basic systems to the present state of the art facilities, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the various systems. A scan of some of the numerous clinical applications that have been made of this technique reveals the broad potentialities of in vivo neutron activation. The paper also considers alternative routes of future development and raises some of the questions now faced in making the techniques more widely available to both medical practitioners and medical investigators. PMID- 7033756 TI - A method for selective tissue and bone visualization using dual energy scanned projection radiography. AB - Information contained in the x-ray energy spectrum can be used to produce selective radiographic images of bone or soft tissue. A method has been devised to separate bone and soft tissue based upon differences in photoelectric absorption and Compton scattering using an appropriate combination of images obtained with radiographic exposures at 70 KVP and 140 KVP. Since photoelectric absorption is highly dependent upon atomic number, high atomic number materials such as calcium can be easily separated from water density substances. Using a prototype system for line-scanned radiography, selective subtraction of bone or soft-tissue has been implemented. Because this method uses a conventional broad spectrum x-ray source, it was necessary to develop a nonlinear polynomial approximation to estimate tissue and bone thickness. The model was verified with phantom studies using water and aluminum. The application of this dual-energy bone and soft-tissue separation to chest radiography is demonstrated. This method allows accurate estimation of tissue and bone thickness and should find application to chest radiography for improved lesion detection and for bone mineral assessment. PMID- 7033757 TI - A method for time domain filtering using computerized fluoroscopy. AB - A new computerized fluoroscopy technique for isolating low image contrast, which results during the flow of an intravenously administered bolus of iodinated contrast materials, is proposed. The technique requires the application of one of a family of imaging algorithms which have been designed to isolate time varying image contrast. This family of imaging algorithm is described, as is the way in which each isolates a particular range of temporal frequency components associated with the bolus's flow through various cardiovascular structures. The implementation of these algorithms in real time using appropriate digital recursive filtering techniques is described. The architecture of a dedicated hardwired computerized fluoroscopy apparatus which would incorporate these algorithms is also presented. PMID- 7033758 TI - Three-beam K-edge imaging of iodine using differences between fluoroscopic video images: theoretical considerations. AB - Our lab has previously generated selective iodine images with an image intensifier fluoroscopic system using a three-beam K-edge approach. Logarithmically amplified video images Li were linearly combined to yield the final image k1L1 + k2L2 + k3L3. This paper discusses refinements of the K-edge technique. A study is made of the manner in which contrast-reducing effects such as x-ray scatter and image intensifier veiling glare enter into the final image. If such biases can be approximated as multiplicative and independent of the x-ray spectrum, and if the sum of the ki is zero, then the biases are canceled. Experimental data is presented which demonstrates that the inaccuracy due to such biases can be reduced by a factor as large as 10. The theorem that K1 + K2 + K3 is approximately equal to 0 is proven rigorously and discussed. Because the ki add to zero, the final image can be expressed as a linear combination of two of the differences between the Li. A difference-based algorithm which reduces biases and make allowance for nonlinearities such as beam hardening is proposed and discussed. PMID- 7033759 TI - Three-beam K-edge imaging of iodine using differences between fluoroscopic video images: experimental results. AB - In an earlier article we discussed the rationale for using differences between video images in three-beam selective iodine K-edge imaging. Rather than combining three initial images Li linearly to yield the final image k1L1 + k2L2 + k3L3, differences between the Li were first generated and then combined either to linear or quadratic order. This approach was motivated by the desire to suppress the large multiplicative biases of fluoroscopic imaging and justified by theoretically proving that k1 + k2 + k3 is approximately equal to 0. In this paper we discuss the instrumentation and experimental results obtained from this difference-based technique. A specially-constructed apparatus is described which automatically selects the optimum combination coefficients and combines the difference images up to quadratic order at realtime video rates. Three methods for generating K-edge subtraction images are compared: the former approach in which the Li are linearly combined and combination of differences to linear and quadratic order. In imaging phantoms in which the iodine distribution is known, the resultant subtraction images from all three methods appear similar. Inspection of signal sizes shows that the quadratic difference-based approach provides superior bone and tissue residual suppression by about a factor of 2. In imaging phantoms in which the iodine distribution is unknown, incomplete suppression of x-ray scatter and image intensifier veiling glare prevent a quantitative comparison of performance of the three algorithms. An experiment verification is provided of the theorem which states that k1 + k2 + k3 is approximately equal to 0. PMID- 7033760 TI - The tracks of the Compton effect. AB - The observation of scattered radiations of larger wavelength than the primary had been repeatedly rejected or explained away by many researchers, including Compton. After years of vacillations, he recognized the effect named after him and was the first to develop a quantal equation predicting the wavelength of scattered radiation. It became one of the most significant contributions to modern radiation physics, opening the doors of quantum mechanics. PMID- 7033761 TI - [Renal angiolipoma. Presentation of a case with associated honey-comb lung and review of literature]. PMID- 7033762 TI - [Diagnosis and localization of urinary tract infections in children with vesico ureteral reflux]. PMID- 7033763 TI - [Diagnostic criteria and current therapeutic directions in Candida infection with special reference to the oral region]. PMID- 7033764 TI - [Orthodontic prosthetic treatment and its psychological implications. A contribution to an interdisciplinary approach]. PMID- 7033765 TI - Evolution of receptor cells. Cytological, membranous and molecular levels. PMID- 7033767 TI - [Structure of chromosomal deoxyribonucleoproteins. XI. Organization of deoxyribonucleoprotein complex in bacterial cells]. AB - Isolation of bacterial chromosomes under "mild" conditions enable us to purify a bacterial deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP). This DNP is enriched in small basic proteins which are complexed with DNA throughout all the purification steps. The basic proteins are shown to be similar to some heat-resistant proteins of cellular extract and can interact with DNA in vitro. Extensive nuclease digestion of purified DNP of E. coli produced the smallest DNA fragments of 100--120 base pairs in length. The proteins of the DNP and the possible mode of arrangement of basic proteins along the DNA are discussed. PMID- 7033766 TI - [Translation of RNA 4 from plant brome mosaic virus in an Escherichia coli cell free system with pure protein factors in translation]. AB - Translation by RNA 4 from plant brome mosaic virus coding for the virus coat protein in an E. coli cell-free system with pure factors of translation has been studied. It has been shown that the initiation of translation by this mRNA depends completely on the three E. coli initiation factors. Optimal ionic conditions for the formation of the initiatory 70S times fMet-tRNA times RNA 4 complex have been found. It has been shown that this complex is stable in conditions of zonal centrifugation. On the basis of reaction with puromycin it has been determined that the initiatory fMet-tRNA in this complex occupies the donor-tRNA-binding site of the ribosome. By the competence of the initiatory ribosomal complex for binding with Ser-tRNA (serine is the N-terminal amino acid in the virus coat protein) it can be concluded that the ribosomal and the E. coli initiation factors recognize the initiatory codon of the RNA r from brome mosaic virus. Peptide synthesis induced by RNA 4 has been obtained on E. coli ribosomes with five pure factors of translation: IF-1, IF-2A, IF-3, EF-Tu or (Tu--Ts) and EF-G. The dependence of elongation on the Mg2+ concentration in the medium at RNA 4 translation has been determined. PMID- 7033768 TI - Prolactin. Physiology, pharmacology and clinical findings. PMID- 7033770 TI - Clonazepam in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy: a clinical short and long term follow-up study. AB - One hundred sixty one epileptic patients, resistant to standard antiepileptic medication, were treatecd with clonazepam. In 19 cases clonazepam was given during the epileptic status. In 17 cases the status was stopped. In the remaining 142 patients clonazepam was given orally. The short term effect of the drug was analysed after 3 months of observation and the long term effect after a period of more than 1 year of observation. The authors compare the relationship between the clinical form of epilepsy, the EEG changes and the duration of disease with the long and short term therapeutic effect of clonazepam. The results obtained suggest: short term therapy is more successful than long term therapy, poor results or intolerance at the beginning of the treatment occur in about 20% of patients. The influence of clonazepam on epilepsy with focal seizures is relatively better than on generalized forms of epilepsy. "Old" cases of epilepsy are significantly more resistant to clonazepam medication. The same is true for diffuse brain damage. PMID- 7033769 TI - [Yersinia-arthritis in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033771 TI - Stability of antiepileptic drug level in serum. Reliability of enzyme immunoassay method. PMID- 7033772 TI - Early enteritis, enterotoxins E. coli and seizure threshold. PMID- 7033773 TI - [A new technic for attaching histological sections to slides]. AB - For attaching histological sections to slides a new adhesive medium consisting of rubber silicon is described. Using this substance the damage to histological sections caused by various techniques and enzyme digestion (floating) may be eliminated. This method can be applied both to paraffin and frozen sections. PMID- 7033774 TI - [Laudatio to Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. Hans Michael Gotz awarding of the J. L. Schonlein Medallion at the 16th scientific meeting of the German Mycological Society in Erlangen on May 1, 1981 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033775 TI - [First steps of medical mycology in Germany (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033777 TI - [Phagocytosis of differently treated Candida cells by chicken bone marrow- and peritoneal macrophages (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033776 TI - [Diagnostic significance of the candidacidal factor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033778 TI - [Reflections on mycological diagnostics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033779 TI - Properties of alpha-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase isozymes from Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Whole cell extracts of culture epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi (Tulahuen strain) have alpha-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase activity which catalyzes the NAD linked reaction alpha-ketoacid in equilibrium with alpha-hydroxyacid, with a variety of substrates. Two molecular forms of the enzyme have been separated by means of gel electrophoresis. These isozymes were partially purified by DEAE cellulose chromatography and ammonium sulfate precipitation. Molecular weights were estimated and some catalytic properties were determined with purified isozymes. The faster migrating fraction (isozyme I) has a molecular weight of 85 500 and showed significant activity against linear 3-5 carbon chain substrates. The lowest Km value was obtained for pyruvate. Isozyme II (MW 60 500) utilizes linear and branched chain substrates with 4-6 carbon atoms. Its highest activity and lowest Km value were recorded with alpha-keto-isocarproate as substrate. PMID- 7033780 TI - Properties of the acid thiol proteinase from Schistosoma mansoni adults. AB - Seven beta-naphthylamine-linked peptides were tested as substrates for a previously described thiol proteinase of adult Schistosoma mansoni. The enzyme was not active on carbobenoxy-arginyl-arginyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide and carbobenzoxy-alanyl-arginyl-arginyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide. Enzyme activity was maximal at acidic pH (4.9-5.5) with similar optima for both macromolecular and peptide substrates. Activity of partially purified enzyme preparations against carbobenzoxy-arginyl-arginyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide was stimulated more than 10-fold by thiols. The properties of this proteinase differ from those of proteolytic enzymes from the cercariae ad eggs of S. mansoni. PMID- 7033781 TI - Emergence of high-level trimethoprim resistance in fecal Escherichia coli during oral administration of trimethoprim or trimethoprim--sulfamethoxazole. AB - The effect of daily administration of trimethoprim (TMP), trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole (TMP--SMX), or placebo on aerobically grown fecal gram-negative bacteria was monitored in 136 students from the United States during a two-week diarrhea-prevention study in Mexico. Unlike patients in other studies with these agents, who had urinary-tract infection or granulocytopenia, most persons in this study had no change in total fecal Enterobacteriaceae and had high-level TMP and SMX resistance in virtually all these strains. Escherichia coli was the predominant TMP-resistant organism isolated; 96 per cent of 165 TMP-resistant Esch. coli isolates were resistant to at least four antimicrobial agents, and 25 per cent were resistant to seven. TMP resistance was transferable in 40 ot 100 strains tested. Despite the lack of TMP resistance in other studies of prophylaxis, our results clearly demonstrate the remarkable capacity for emergence and dissemination of resistance to this agent. PMID- 7033782 TI - Adjusted subcutaneous heparin versus warfarin sodium in the long-term treatment of venous thrombosis. AB - Previously, we compared fixed low doses of heparin with adjusted doses of warfarin for the long-term treatment of venous thrombosis; in that study low-dose heparin was ineffective in preventing recurrence in patients with proximal-vein thrombosis. We have now completed a randomized trial comparing adjusted doses of heparin and of warfarin for prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with proximal-vein thrombosis. One hundred six consecutive patients with acute proximal-vein thrombosis confirmed by venography were treated with intravenous heparin and then randomized to secondary prophylaxis. Two of 53 patients receiving heparin, as compared with one of 53 receiving warfarin, had new episodes of objectively documented venous thromboembolism. Nine patients taking warfarin had bleeding complications (which were major in three patients), as compared with one patient taking heparin (P = 0.008). Our data indicate that adjusted-dose subcutaneous heparin therapy provides an effective alternative to warfarin sodium and is associated with a lower risk of bleeding. PMID- 7033783 TI - A clinical trial of amygdalin (Laetrile) in the treatment of human cancer. AB - One hundred seventy-eight patients with cancer were treated with amygdalin (Laetrile) plus a "metabolic therapy" program consisting of diet, enzymes, and vitamins. The great majority of these patients were in good general condition before treatment. None was totally disabled or in preterminal condition. One third had not received any previous chemotherapy. The pharmaceutical preparations of amygdalin, the dosage, and the schedule were representative of past and present Laetrile practice. No substantive benefit was observed in terms of cure, improvement or stabilization of cancer, improvement of symptoms related to cancer, or extension of life span. The hazards of amygdalin therapy were evidenced in several patients by symptoms of cyanide toxicity or by blood cyanide levels approaching the lethal range. Patients exposed to this agent should be instructed about the danger of cyanide poisoning, and their blood cyanide levels should be carefully monitored. Amygdalin (Laetrile) is a toxic drug that is not effective as a cancer treatment. PMID- 7033784 TI - Medical intelligence drug therapy: captopril. PMID- 7033785 TI - Free air. PMID- 7033786 TI - Sounding board. Risks of correcting the risks of coronary disease and stroke with drugs. PMID- 7033787 TI - Insulin-like growth factor I and the nutritional status of pygmies. PMID- 7033788 TI - Dexamethasone proves deleterious in cerebral malaria. A double-blind trial in 100 comatose patients. AB - High-dose dexamethasone was compared with placebo in a double-blind trial involving 100 comatose patients with strictly defined cerebral malaria. The two treatment groups, whose members were six to 70 years old, proved comparable on admission. There were eight deaths in the dexamethasone group and nine in the placebo group (no significant difference; P = 0.8); at post-mortem examination the brain showed features diagnostic of cerebral malaria in all but one patient who died. Dexamethasone prolonged coma among the survivors: the interval between the start of treatment and the full recovery of consciousness was 63.2 +/- 5.9 hours (mean +/- S.E.M.) in the dexamethasone group, as compared with 47.4 +/- 3.2 hours in the placebo group (P = 0.02). Complications, including pneumonia and gastrointestinal bleeding, occurred in 26 patients given dexamethasone and 11 given placebo (P = 0.004). Only five patients had neurologic sequelae. Results were similar in a subgroup of 28 children six to 14 years old. Dexamethasone is deleterious in cerebral malaria and should no longer be used. PMID- 7033789 TI - A prospective trial of D-penicillamine in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - We evaluated D-penicillamine in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. In a prospective double-blind trial, 26 patients received D-penicillamine (250 mg four times a day), and 26 received an identical placebo. Although the desired urinary excretion of copper was achieved in patients taking D-penicillamine, there was no improvement in survival or symptoms after 28 months. Serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase increased equally in both groups. Alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were lower in the D-penicillamine group, but serum albumin was also lower in this group. Liver histology worsened equally in both groups. Major side effects, some appearing more than 24 months after the start of treatment, occurred in 31 per cent of the patients receiving D-penicillamine. Less serious side effects occurred in an additional 46 per cent. We conclude that D penicillamine at the dosage we used is not effective in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis and is associated with a high incidence of serious side effects. PMID- 7033790 TI - A case of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7033791 TI - Insulin: sixty years of use. PMID- 7033792 TI - Cosmas and Damian in the laboratory. PMID- 7033793 TI - Auxotrophic markers and the cytogenetics of Filobasidiella neoformans. AB - In the sexual phase of Cryptococcus neoformans four post-meiotic nuclei give rise to the nuclei of four long chains of basidiospores. If there is fixed relationship between one post-meiotic nucleus and one chain the result should be genetic homogeneity within single chains; random composition of chains would represent the opposite case. We tested for homogeneity in single chains from crosses of niacin-auxotrophs to the wild type by dissecting single chains of basidiospores from mature fruiting bodies. Out of 14 chains, 11 were homogeneous; the probability of obtaining this result by random processes was less than 0.01. These results suggest that mitotic products of a particular post-meiotic nucleus may be channeled into a particular basidiospore chain. PMID- 7033794 TI - The comparison of six media for chlamydospore production by Candida albicans. AB - Six different cultural media (corn meal agar, rice extract agar, chlamydospore agar, PCB, Tween 80-oxgall-caffeic acid and diluted milk) were compared for chlamydospore production by 224 yeastlike fungi isolates. Candida albicans formed chlamydospores to a variable degree in all of the media, as did C. stellatoidea to a lesser extent. C. tropicalis, C. parasilopsis, C. guilliermondii and C. krusei did no produce chlamydospores in any of the media tested. Statistically, the most productive media were the milk and TOC media. Milk medium is particularly useful because of its simplicity and economy. PMID- 7033795 TI - Induction of mycelial type of development in Candida albicans by low glucose concentration. AB - A new simple method for synchronous germ tube production in Candida albicans has been described, based on the further incubation of cells released from stationary grown cultures in aerated mineral medium enriched with vitamins and low glucose concentration (5 mmol/1). At higher initial glucose (e.g. 250 mmol/1)the growth proceeded in yeastlike form. At low glucose concentration germ tubes developed at 28 degrees C which is in contradiction with the results of many authors, considering 37 degrees C besides other factors to be an inevitable requirement. On the other hand the cell population from stationary growth phase was the absolute prerequisite for massive germ tube production. Its importance for other inductive techniques is assumed. The report brings comparative results concerning the physiological and biochemical properties as well as the ultrastructure of the yeastlike and mycelial forms. Neither were found any differences in respiration intensity nor in respiration quotients during the development of both growth forms. Slight dissimilarities resulted from the incorporation experiments (using (14)C labeled adenine, leucine and especially glycine). The mycelial cell walls were found to contain twice as much chitin as the yeastlike form. Some suggestion for further biochemical elucidation of dimorphism in Candida albicans and fungal morphogenesis generally are presented. PMID- 7033796 TI - Culture of Cryptococcus neoformans in the nonencapsulated state. AB - Forty-one strains of Cryptococcus neoformans were examined after 3 days growth on a fresh and aged medium at pH 5 & pH 7 for comparison of capsule formation. Over one-half of the strains did not form visible capsules on aged medium at pH 5. Serotypes and source of isolation did not correlate with ability or inability to form capsules. Growth of C. neoformans in the nonencapsulated state makes it possible to culture many strains of C. neoformans in the form that more closely simulates the true infectious particles. PMID- 7033797 TI - Immunohistochemical mapping of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein in brain. PMID- 7033799 TI - [Acute cholecystitis and clonorchis sinensis infection]. PMID- 7033800 TI - [The Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine 1981]. PMID- 7033798 TI - Potentiation of the insulin-releasing capacity of tolbutamide by thiols: studies on the isolated perfused pancreas. AB - It has been suggested that the islet thiol redox status plays a role in the regulation of beta-cell sensitivity in response to insulin secretagogues. Employing the isolated perfused rat pancreas, the effect of reduced glutathione (1 mM) and L-cysteine (5 mM) on insulin release induced by tolbutamide (0.2 mg/ml), glucose (5.6 and 11.1 mM) and tolbutamide (0.1 mg/ml) in the presence of 5.6 mM glucose was studied. In the absence of glucose or in the presence of 5.6 mM of glucose neither glutathione nor L-cysteine stimulated the release of insulin. Reduced glutathione potentiated the secretion induced by glucose (11.1 mM) during the first and the second phase. L-Cysteine potentiated only the first phase of glucose-induced insulin release, whereas the second phase was depressed. Both of the tested thiols potentiated the insulin secretory action of either tolbutamide (0.2 mg/ml) alone or tolbutamide (01. mg/ml) in the presence of glucose (5.6 mM). The data suggest that supplementation of thiols to the pancreatic beta-cells perse cannot initiate the insulin secretory process. It is also suggested that GSH and L-cysteine increase the sensitivity of beta-cells to the stimulatory action of tolbutamide and/or glucose. PMID- 7033801 TI - [Pharmacy and medical journals]. PMID- 7033802 TI - [125 years of The Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, from the past via the present to the future]. PMID- 7033803 TI - [Incorrect attributions in the scientific literature: plagiarism, cryptomnesia, palimpsestia and hyperloyalty]. PMID- 7033804 TI - [Report on a special scientific meeting for the observance of the 150th anniversary of the Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde Association]. PMID- 7033805 TI - ["Our medical examinations" by J. A. Korteweg in the Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde in 1882]. PMID- 7033806 TI - [Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease: the computerized tomogram in relation to clinical, electroencephalographic and neuropathological findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033807 TI - Membranous glomerulonephritis: clinical significance of glomerular hypercellularity and parietal epithelial abnormalities. AB - Quantitative and semi-quantitative morphological analysis of 41 cases of idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis revealed glomerular hypercellularity in 24 cases and abnormal parietal epithelium in 25 cases. Abnormal parietal epithelium included crescents and prominent parietal epithelium (at least ten enlarged cells with round or ovoid nuclei lining Bowman's capsule of two or more glomeruli per biopsy). The clinical course (mean follow-up = 5.1 years) was correlated with biopsy findings. 8 to 17 patients with normocellular glomeruli, but only 3 of 24 patients with hypercellular glomeruli achieved complete clinical remission. 10 of 16 patients with normal parietal epithelium, but only 1 of 25 patients with abnormal parietal epithelium achieved complete remission. Of 9 urine patients, all but 1 had abnormal parietal epithelium in their biopsies. Glomerular cellularity and parietal epithelium may be useful prognostic indices in idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7033808 TI - Urine protease and antiprotease activity in experimental aminonucleoside nephrotoxicity. AB - Induction of nephrosis in rats with aminonucleoside of puromycin (ANP) was followed by an increase in urinary protease activity, measured by the cleavage of 14C-globin, as well as in antiprotease activity measured by trypsin inhibition. The excretion of protease and protease inhibitor coincided with but did precede the onset of proteinuria when the ANP was injected subcutaneously for 5 days and lagged after proteinuria when the ANP was given as a single intravenous dose. Serum protease activity did not change throughout ANP treatment or later, whereas serum antiprotease capacity declined coincidently with proteinuria, most probably due to the loss in urine. Kidney proteolytic activity was markedly reduced in ANP nephrosis. Treatment of rats with proteolysis inhibitors, trasylol, episilon aminocaproic acid, soybean trypsin inhibitor, or hexapron, together with ANP failed to prevent, delay or reduce the proteinuria. We believe that the urinary protease in ANP nephrosis does not originate from the circulation but from the release of kidney protease as a consequence of the glomerular lesion, and does not appear to be involved in its causation. PMID- 7033809 TI - Protective effect of angiotensin II inhibition on acute renal failure after intravascular coagulation in the rat. AB - Infusion of thrombin and the fibrinolysis inhibitor tranexamic acid during ether anaesthesia in the rat gives rise to fibrin deposition in the renal glomeruli. This resulted in renal insufficiency as indicated by an increase in the serum urea nitrogen, reduction in the renal blood flow and patchy cortical necrosis in the kidneys. The plasma renin activity was elevated initially probably due to the ether anaesthesia. Infusion of the angiotensin II antagonist saralasin prevented the renal insufficiency if it was given during the thrombin infusion but not if it was given afterwards. The deposition of fibrin in the kidneys was also reduced. The results indicate that angiotensin II is involved in the pathogenesis of the renal injury. PMID- 7033810 TI - [Origins and clinical applications of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033811 TI - [Aspiration of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma by stereotactic technique (author's transl)]. AB - Stereotactic aspiration of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma was performed in 10 patients. The patients selected for this operation had localized putaminal, thalamic hematoma and thalamic hemorrhages with ventricular penetration. The aspiration technique employed here could not remove the total hematoma, but did evacuate between half and two thirds of the volume estimated by CT scan. The target point determination was made by CT scan. In 6 patients with localized hematomas, the operation was carried out between 18 and 60 days after the hemorrhage. Three patients operated on between 18 and 26 days after the hemorrhage recovered markedly from hemiparesis and aphasia, while the remaining 3 patients operated on between 40 and 60 days showed no improvement in spite of the hematoma evacuation. In 4 patients with thalamic hemorrhage with ventricular penetration, continuous ventricular drainage was made as a first choice. About 2 weeks after starting the drainage, the remaining hematoma located in the thalamus was evacuated by the stereotactic technique. Marked improvement in consciousness and from aphasia were observed while there was a slight reduction in hemiparesis and sensory disturbance after surgery. Stereotactic method is only slightly traumatic, hence the technique described here may be indicated in patients with deep-seated hematomas, especially in the thalamus. PMID- 7033812 TI - Differential effects of low serum levels of estradiol-17 beta on hypothalamic LHRH levels and LH secretion in castrated male rats. AB - In castrated male rats, gonadal steroid treatment raises the medial basal hypothalamic (MBH) LHRH levels and suppresses LH release. We have now examined whether the steroid-induced MBH LHRH response could occur concomitantly with normal pituitary LH secretion. Of the various concentrations tested, serum estradiol-17 beta (E2) levels in the range of 9-16 pg/ml consistently and selectively stimulated the accumulation of LHRH in the MBH after a long latency period of 60-72 h. These low E2 levels did not suppress LH release at any time interval. Serum LH levels and the episodic pattern of LH secretion were similar to those of castrated control rats. It is unlikely that enhanced pituitary sensitivity in E2-treated rats may have compensated for a decrease in LHRH release since the LH response to exogenous LHRH was similar in E2-treated and control rats. These studies show that dissociation of the feedback effects on the MBH LHRH and pituitary gland LH release may be obtained with low serum concentrations of E2 in male rats; low E2 levels stimulate LHRH accumulation in the MBH by mechanisms which may not involve inhibition of LHRH release. PMID- 7033813 TI - Central cardiovascular effects of prostacyclin. PMID- 7033814 TI - Psychotropic drugs and brain development: effects on cell replication in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7033815 TI - The effect of progesterone and progestogens on the foetus. PMID- 7033817 TI - German influences on the work of Harvey Cushing, the pioneer of neurosurgery in America. PMID- 7033816 TI - The use of dopamine agonists in the treatment of schizophrenia. PMID- 7033818 TI - Accreditation and approval of residency positions in neurological surgery in the United States: an overview. PMID- 7033819 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Austria. PMID- 7033820 TI - Interstitial irradiation of brain tumors: a review. AB - As an adjuvant to surgery, radiation therapy has consistently proven to be the most successful form of treatment for primary and secondary malignant brain tumors and possibly for inoperable benign tumors. Because the risk of radiation necrosis of normal brain limits the amount of radiation that can be given by external beam therapy at conventional dose rates, interstitial radiation of brain tumors is a logical alternative treatment approach. We discuss the radiobiological advantages of low dose rate irradiation and intratumoral placement of sources that make interstitial irradiation an attractive treatment for brain tumors and review the history of clinical brachytherapy for intracranial neoplasia. PMID- 7033821 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Bulgaria. PMID- 7033822 TI - Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the mossy fiber pathway of the hippocampal formation of the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). PMID- 7033823 TI - Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the gustatory lobes and visceral nuclei in the brains of goldfish and catfish. PMID- 7033824 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of glutamate decarboxylase in rat cerebellum with a new antiserum. PMID- 7033825 TI - Lisuride versus bromocriptine treatment in Parkinson disease: a double-blind study. AB - Twenty-eight parkinsonian patients were studied in a double-blind, crossover comparison of lisuride and bromocriptine. All but two patients completed the study, with each drug adjusted to an optimal dose (mean daily intake of 4.5 mg for lisuride and 56.5 mg for bromocriptine). Treatment with each drug was given for 7 to 10 weeks; three assessments were made at biweekly intervals with optimal dose levels. Conventional antiparkinsonian medications, including levodopa, were not changed. Efficacy and adverse effects were assessed by objective and subjective techniques. The only significant difference was slightly better control of akinesia with bromocriptine. There was considerable variability in the optimal dose of each drug, though the clinical profile of lisuride was quite similar to that of bromocriptine. PMID- 7033826 TI - Dandy-walker syndrome diagnosed in utero by ultrasonography. PMID- 7033827 TI - Neuropathology of progressive rubella panencephalitis after childhood rubella. PMID- 7033828 TI - Morphometric analysis of pulmonary structure: methods for evaluation and comparison of unicameral lungs. PMID- 7033829 TI - Establishment and maintenance of axenic clone cultures of Micrasterias denticulata. PMID- 7033830 TI - [Treatment of refractory arterial hypertension with a converting enzyme inhibiting drug (Captopril)]. PMID- 7033831 TI - [Manual sutures and mechanical sutures in colorectal surgery]. PMID- 7033832 TI - [The future of the patient with hip prosthesis in coxarthrosis. Clinical considerations and anatomo-pathological data]. PMID- 7033833 TI - [Symptoms of the onset of ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 7033834 TI - [Remote results of the surgical treatment of mitral stenosis as related to pregnancy]. PMID- 7033835 TI - [Brief history of obstetrics]. PMID- 7033836 TI - Possible mixed agonist--antagonist activity of D-sulpiride at dopamine receptor level in man. AB - The effects of different doses of D-sulpiride (1, 6, 12 and 25 mg, i.v.) on arterial blood pressure (ABP), heart rate (HR) and prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), insulin and gastrin secretions have been studied in 8 normal men. D Sulpiride increased systolic ABP with a maximum effect rather 12 mg i.v., while it had only slight effects on diastolic ABP and HR. PRL secretion was increased by D-sulpiride in a dose-dependent way, while insulin secretion was lowered and GH secretion slightly enhanced only in a restricted range of doses (6 mg and 12 mg i.v., respectively). Gastrin secretion seemed to be unaffected by D-sulpiride at any of the tested doses. These results are discussed in view of a possible mixed agonist--antagonist activity of D-sulpiride at dopamine receptor level in contrast with the relatively pure antagonistic action of the levo isomer. PMID- 7033837 TI - Relative changes in the amount of galactocerebroside during development as observed in mouse brain cell cultures. AB - Relative changes in the amount of galactocerebroside (GC) during development were measured in mouse brain cell cultures at different stages of development. For this purpose we used an 125I-labelled protein A indirect assay modified in the respect that the total amount of cellular proteins was evaluated before counting the radioactivity. The amount of GC greatly increased between the 10th and the 14th day of culture, then a steady state was reached between the 14th and the 20th day of culture. This change correlates well with the dynamics of the number of oligodendrocytes we observed earlier. These data suggests that the increase of the GC amount in culture during development corresponds to the increase in the number of GC-positive oligodendrocytes rather than to the increase in the number of GC molecules per cell. PMID- 7033839 TI - William C. Rose lectureship in biochemistry and nutrition: The regulation of insulin receptor level and activity. PMID- 7033838 TI - The computer's place in nursing education. PMID- 7033840 TI - Safeguarding the renal transplant patient. PMID- 7033841 TI - A.R.D.S. means emergency. PMID- 7033843 TI - Behavioral correlates of spontaneous hypertension. PMID- 7033842 TI - Amphetamine psychosis and schizophrenia: a dual model. AB - Several of the behavioral consequences of acute and chronic amphetamine treatment were evaluated and related to the underlying neurochemical correlates of drug treatment. It was suggested that decreased noradrenergic activity after long-term amphetamine treatment influences stimulus sampling, whereas enhanced dopaminergic activity was responsible for the progressive augmentation of stereotypy and self stimulation behavior observed after long-term exposure to amphetamine. It was hypothesized that amphetamine-induced psychosis and the symptomatology associated with schizophrenia are related to alterations in both norepinephrine and dopamine activity. PMID- 7033844 TI - Nicotine binding sites and their localization in the central nervous system. AB - The resolution of racemic nicotine to provide optically pure (+)-nicotine and the synthesis of radiolabeled nicotine with high specific activity have facilitated the study of nicotine binding in brain. The actions of the stereoisomers of nicotine on the central nervous system are qualitatively similar in most tests but (-)-nicotine is more potent than the unnatural (+)-isomer by 10-fold or greater. Binding of radiolabeled nicotine to brain has both saturable and nonsaturable components. Only saturable binding is affected by incubation conditions such as time, temperature, pH and ion concentration. Excess concentrations of the stereoisomers are equally effective in displacing (-)-[3H] nicotine from brain homogenates. Nevertheless, a direct comparison of (+)-[3H] nicotine and (-)-[3H]-nicotine binding shows that the latter has a KD three times lower than the former. (-)-[3H]-Nicotine is bound to the greatest degree in hypothalamus and hippocampus, areas that also exhibited the most stereoselectivity for nicotine. However, differences in the binding affinities of the two isomers were far less than the pharmacological stereospecificity observed. PMID- 7033845 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for acute leukaemia and severe marrow aplasia: an analysis of five patients. AB - Five patients, three with severe aplasia and two with acute leukaemia have been treated by bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Four are alive and well with excellent graft function. One showed engraftment but died of acute graft-versus host disease (GVH); this patient and his donor were hepatitis B antigen positive. Three show evidence of mild chronic GVH, two patients requiring control by immunosuppressive therapy. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has now become an established method of treatment in severe aplasia and in acute leukaemia and our results serve to emphasise this. The clinical and organisational problems associated with BMT are discussed. PMID- 7033846 TI - Systemic treatment of psoriasis with an oral retinoic acid derivative (Ro-10 9359) Tigason. AB - In an open trial, eight patients with psoriasis took part in a four-month study to evaluate the effect of a new oral synthetic retinoid Ro-10-9359 (Tigason). All patients improved on the treatment, although one had side effects severe enough to force dosage reduction with less satisfactory control. PMID- 7033847 TI - Lactation suppression with bromocriptine. AB - The efficacy and acceptability of bromocriptine in suppressing postpartum lactation was determined in a double blind study in which bromocriptine 2.5 mg twice daily for 14 days was compared with a placebo. Forty women who decide during the antenatal period not to breast feed entered the study. The bromocriptine treated group had significantly less mammary secretion and breast engorgement than the control group and also required less analgesia. The most noticeable side effects during the trial were dizziness, headache and abdominal pain. The only statistical difference between the two groups was a higher incidence of dizziness in the bromocriptine treated group. PMID- 7033848 TI - Bromhexine for otitis media with effusion. AB - As one of the causes of persistence of otitis media with effusion is reputed to be the viscidity of the mucoid effusion in the middle ear, a double-blind drug trial with a mucolytic agent, bromhexine hydrochloride, was carried out. There were 97 affected ears in the active group and 98 ears in the placebo group. There was 3.6 times the resolution rate in the active group and the results were not related to the size of the adenoids nor the season. This study shows that bromhexine hydrochloride is a valuable adjunct in the treatment of otitis media with effusion. PMID- 7033850 TI - Leptospirosis in New Zealand: an ecological view. PMID- 7033849 TI - Indomethacin-induced azotaemia and hyperkalaemia: a case study. AB - We present a patient in whom indomethacin treatment for acute gouty arthritis induced reversible azotaemia and hyperkalaemia. Re-introduction of the drug under controlled conditions of metabolic balance resulted in recurrence of hyperkalaemia and azotaemia, and was associated with a fall in plasma renin activity, but no change was observed in plasma aldosterone. Since potassium retention and hyperkalaemia occurred in the absence of hypoaldosteronism, other factors must be invoked to explain the observed upset in potassium homeostasis. This, and other recent case reports suggest that prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors such as indomethacin should be used with caution, especially in patients with pre-existing azotaemia, congestive heart failure, or gout. PMID- 7033851 TI - Natural family planning: a review. PMID- 7033852 TI - Morphology and morphogenesis of the Stein-Leventhal ovary and of so-called "hyperthecosis". AB - A study of 34 full-thickness Stein-Leventhal ovarian wedges and 30 age-matched control ovaries allowed comparison of the entire ovarian cross-sections and quantification of their features. As compared with controls, Stein-Leventhal ovaries showed on average (i) double the cross-sectional area, (II) the same number of primordial follicles, (iii) double the number of ripening and subsequent atretic follicles from the earliest stages, (iv) a tunica increased by 50 per cent and more collagenized, (v) cortical stromal thickness increased by a third, (vi) subcortical stroma, whether deep cortical or medullary in site, increased five times, (vii) ovarian hilus cell nests four times as frequently. The increased subcortical stroma was derived partly from the regressive conversion into stroma of the over-numerous older follicles, so augmenting steadily with duration, and partly from a concurrent stromal hyperplasia. Stromal smooth muscle and lutein cell nests were each found in four-fifths of cases. So called "hyperthecosis," in which such nests are combined with marked stromal increase, is arguably just a late stage of Stein-Leventhal morphology. The whole picture may result directly or indirectly from the raised LH output, although androgens possibly promote early follicle ripening. PMID- 7033853 TI - [Primordial cysts of the jaw (keratocyst)]. PMID- 7033854 TI - Aspergillus keratitis with intraocular invasion. AB - A healthy 48-year-old man developed Aspergillus keratitis following mild corneal trauma. Intensive medical therapy, initially empirical, then guided by in vitro sensitivity testing, as well as attempts at surgical excision of the infection, were ultimately unsuccessful. The poor therapeutic response may have been due to fungal penetration of the deep corneal stromal before treatment was initiated. The clinical and histologic features of A keratitis are described and related to fungal keratitis in general. The strengths and limitations of laboratory diagnostic aids are discussed. Fungal keratitis may follow a disarmingly mild early clinical course, but requires prompt, aggressive therapy if serious complications are to be avoided. PMID- 7033855 TI - Keratophakia and keratomileusis: comparison of pathologic features in penetrating keratoplasty specimens. AB - Two patients, one who had had two keratophakia procedures, and another who had had keratophakia, followed by a keratomileusis procedure both eventually required a penetrating keratoplasty. In the keratoplasty specimen bearing an intrastromal lenticle from a keratophakia procedure performed nine months earlier, no viable keratocytes were found in the in situ lenticle. The lenticle's stroma stained paler with methylene blue and toluidine blue than the host's surrounding stroma, probably due to the absence of proteoglycan synthesis. The interface scar between the lenticle and the host's stroma displayed metabolically active keratocytes, amorphous basement membrane-like material, banded basement membrane material or long-spacing collagen of 1000 A periodicity, microfibrillar collagen of 100 A diameter, and, only in focal areas, more mature-appearing collagen of 200 A diameter. In the keratomileusis-bearing penetrating keratoplasty specimen, complete repopulation of the keratomileusis' stroma by the host's keratocytes had been accomplished after seven months. The absence of any significant tinctorial differences between the keratomileusis' stroma and the host's stroma indicated that these keratocytes were functioning and able to produce proteoglycans. The interface scar between the keratomileusis' stroma and the host's stroma was similar to that in the keratophakia specimen, except for the lesser presence of mature collagen of 2000 A diameter. An explanation is not clearly obvious for the more rapid keratocytic repopulation of the keratomileusis' stroma in comparison with the lenticle's stroma in keratophakia. Both patients had successful penetrating keratoplasties, with postoperative visual acuities of 20/40 and 20/20, owing to the fact that the earlier corneal surgeries had not compromised the integrity of the anterior chamber structures. PMID- 7033856 TI - Retrocorneal pigmentation secondary to iris stromal melanocytic proliferation. AB - A 40-year-old black man had two penetrating keratoplasties as a result of complications from alkali burns sustained many years earlier. Two further penetrating keratoplasties were performed for recurrent retrocorneal pigmentation. Both scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the retrocorneal pigmented cells were iris melanocytes, based upon their fusiform or dendritic shapes and measurements of their cytoplasmic melanin granules. Repopulation of Descemet's membrane by the melanocytes was produced by a small remnant of atrophic iris. The pigment granules in the iris melanocytes were somewhat larger than those seen in similar cells from Caucasians or Orientals, but had identical measurements to those studied in an iridectomy specimen from another black patient. The retrocorneal iris melanocytes were able to synthesize banded basement membrane material, interrupted laminar basement membrane, and collagen fibrils. The cause of the exfoliation of the iris melanocytes onto the back of the cornea is unknown, but the discovery that iris melanocytes can proliferate in an ongoing fashion and secrete extracellular matrix provides new insight into the physiology of these cells. PMID- 7033857 TI - Preparation of ocular specimens for histopathologic examination. PMID- 7033858 TI - Rapid paraffin fixation for use histologic examinations. PMID- 7033859 TI - Keratophakia and keratomileusis--clinical results. AB - A random, retrospective study was performed on 158 patients. who underwent keratophakia and keratomileusis for the correction of refractive errors. The primary indication for surgery was high anisometropia. Data on corneal curvature modification, refraction, accuracy, stability, and complications are reported. Both keratophakia and hypermetropic keratomileusis are capable of fully correcting aphakic hyperopia. Myopic keratomileusis corrected up to 16 diopters of myopia in this series. Lamellar refractive keratoplasty appears to have no significant detrimental effect on visual acuity. The majority of myopic patients had an improved best-corrected visual acuity postoperatively. High or irregular astigmatism was not noted following this surgery. The stability of the postoperative curvature appeared to be good with both keratophakia and myopic keratomileusis. Complications in this series were minimal, and one resulted in decreased vision postoperatively. Inaccuracy in achieving the desired refractive result appeared to be the major disadvantage of these techniques. PMID- 7033860 TI - Clinical results of keratophakia and keratomileusis. AB - Thirteen keratophakia patients were followed for 13 to 35 months. Eighteen cases of hyperopic keratomileusis or hyperopic keratomileusis using preserved corneal tissue were followed for 2 to 30 months. All 13 patients who underwent keratophakia achieved 20/50 or better acuity. All seven patients having hyperopic keratomileusis achieved 20/60 or better acuity. Eight of the 11 patients who had hyperopic keratomileusis using donor corneal tissue achieved 20/60 or better acuity. The preservation of lenticules after lathing did not adversely affect the correlation between predicted and observed dioptric corrections. There was a statistically significant correlation between predicted and observed dioptric corrections. There was a statistically significant correlation between predicted and observed dioptric correction measured at the corneal surface when the lenticule was lathed from fresh tissue (hyperopic keratomileusis) or from relatively fresh tissue (keratophakia). However, we found that there was poor correlation between the predicted and observed corrections when the lenticule was lathed from donor tissue that had been cryopreserved for long periods of time (hyperopic keratomileusis with preserved corneal tissue). PMID- 7033861 TI - UCLA clinical trial of radial keratotomy. Preliminary report. AB - A clinical trail of radial keratotomy ws begun under a strict research protocol at the Jules Stein Eye Institute in November 1979. The results for the first 52 eyes undergoing radial keratotomy are reported three months after surgery. Preoperatively uncorrected visual acuity was less than 20/200 in all 52 eyes. and postoperative visual acuity was less than 20/200 in 11 eyes (21%). Three months postoperatively, uncorrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 27 eyes (52%) and 20/20 or better in 13 eyes (25%). Postoperatively the best-corrected visual acuity decreased in 10 eyes (20%), but maximum decrease in any eye was one line of snellen letters. Preoperatively mean refractive error was -4.9 (/+-2.2) diopters, and postoperatively the mean decrease in myopia was 3.4 (/+-2.2) diopters. Postoperatively 13 eyes (25%) had a hyperopic refractive error of +0.25 to +3.25 diopters, but all of these eyes were able to accommodate and obtain 20/20 visual acuity without glasses. Postoperatively there was no statistically significant change in axial length, anterior chamber depth, or scleral rigidity, but there was a mean corneal endothelial cell loss of 10% (P = 0.0002). Decrease in myopia achieved by radial keratotomy did not correlate with the steepness of corneal curvature, corneal diameter, or scleral rigidity. Three months after surgery, significant symptoms of glare were present in 10 eyes (20%0, and annoying variable visual acuity was noted in five eyes (10%). PMID- 7033862 TI - Endothelial morphology in long-term keratoconus corneal transplants. AB - Endothelial morphology was studied in 55 long-term keratoconus grafts. Photographs were taken with a Zeiss non-contact endothelial lens and analyzed with a Zeiss MOP-3 digital analyzer. Donor ages were known in 39 cases. Statistical analysis was carried out correlating endothelial cell count with several parameters, including recipient age and cell form as expressed by the coefficient of variation. Cell counts varied from 502 to 1708 cells/mm2. No correlation between cell counts and donor age was found. Recipient age had an unexpected significance as a predictor of endothelial cell survival in that cell counts decreased as recipient age increased despite donor age. As the grafts aged, more cell pleomorphism was found as expressed by the coefficient of variation. PMID- 7033863 TI - Graft reactions after unilateral and bilateral keratoplasty for keratoconus. AB - Penetrating keratoplasty was performed on 134 eyes with keratoconus (102 patients) Including 32 bilateral cases. The incidence of homograft rejection in the first eye of bilateral cases before surgery was performed on the second eve was identical to the incidence in unilateral cases (16%). The incidence of graft rejection was somewhat higher (25%) in the second eye of bilateral surgery, but this difference in rates of rejection was not statistically significant. Surgery on the second eye affected adversely the successful graft on the first even in only one case and this was resolved with medical therapy. PMID- 7033864 TI - Disparate diameter grafting. Astigmatism, intraocular pressure, and visual acuity. AB - We studied 180 consecutive corneal transplants performed by one surgeon to determine the benefit obtained by using a 0.5 mm oversize (OS) graft. We compared 61 same size (SS) grafts to 119 oversize (OS) grafts, with a mean follow-up time of 24 and 13 months respectively. While the refractive error, recovery of visual acuity, and intraocular pressure were similar in both groups, the astigmatism was found to be significantly elevated in the (OS) group. Using a 0.5 mm oversize graft did not afford any protection against postkeratoplasty glaucoma, did not increase the speed of recovery of the patients' visual acuity, but produced significantly more astigmatism than a same size graft. PMID- 7033865 TI - Cystoid macular edema after aphakic penetrating keratoplasty. AB - Aphakic penetrating keratoplasty (APKP) and combined penetrating keratoplasty with lens extraction (CPKP) are highly successful surgical procedures, with clear corneas occurring in over 90% of cases. However, macular problems tend to develop or appear postoperatively, and visual acuity is disappointing, principally because of either cystoid macular edema (CME) or pre-existing macular degeneration. To determine whether vitreous manipulation at the time of surgery alters the macular outcome, 132 eyes were studied prospectively. Eighty-four of these had pre-existing aphakia and all underwent anterior vitrectomy at the time of APKP. Forty-eight eyes were planned for CPKP and were randomly assigned to one group that had anterior vitrectomy or to a second group that had no vitrectomy at the time of CPKP. The incidence of clinically significant and angiographically documented CME at six months postoperative was 35/84 (42%) in APKP eyes, 9/48 (19%) in CPKP eyes, 8/24 (33%) in CPKP eyes with vitrectomy, and 1/24 (4%) in CPKP eyes without vitrectomy. The data strongly suggest that transpupillary anterior vitrectomy at the time of penetrating keratoplasty, as compared with no vitreous manipulation at all, may contribute to a high incidence of postoperative persistent CME. PMID- 7033866 TI - Levamisole in the treatment of erythema multiforme: a double-blind trial in fourteen patients. PMID- 7033867 TI - Nerve, neuroma, and pain problems related to upper limb amputations. PMID- 7033868 TI - [Use of corundum ceramics for osteo- and arthroplasty]. PMID- 7033869 TI - [Postburn cicatricial deformities of the knee joint and their treatment]. PMID- 7033870 TI - [Migration of a fragment of a metal pin after osteosynthesis of the right clavicle]. PMID- 7033871 TI - [Cryotherapy of epicondylitis of the shoulder]. PMID- 7033872 TI - [Viability of formalinized biotransplants (apropos of Feigel'man's article, "Appearance of Viability in Tissues Preserved in Weak Solutions of Formalin')]. PMID- 7033873 TI - [Apropos Feigel'man's article, "Appearance of Viability in Tissues Preserved in Weak Solutions of Formalin']. PMID- 7033874 TI - [Compilation of a preliminary review on the subject of "The Use of Ceramics in Medicine Abroad']. PMID- 7033875 TI - [Publications on corundum ceramic endoprostheses in the foreign periodical literature]. PMID- 7033877 TI - [Wilhelm His, the anatomist: 1831-1904]. PMID- 7033876 TI - [Publications on shock in the Soviet periodical literature]. PMID- 7033878 TI - [The plague epidemic of Pecs in 1713]. PMID- 7033879 TI - [Closure of persistent ductus arteriosus in premature infants by drug therapy]. PMID- 7033880 TI - [Rudolf Walter Hess (1881-1973)]. PMID- 7033881 TI - [Maximilian Nitze, on the 75th anniversary of his death]. PMID- 7033882 TI - [Remembering Dr. Henrik Mangold]. PMID- 7033883 TI - [Emil Kraepelin (15 February 1856-7 October 1926)]. PMID- 7033884 TI - [100-year history of the Hungarian Red Cross--temporary exhibit at the Semmelweis Museum of History of Medicine]. PMID- 7033885 TI - [Labetalol: a new alpha/beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent]. PMID- 7033886 TI - [History of medical expert testimony in Hungary. 25 years of the Forensic Committee of the Scientific Health Board]. PMID- 7033887 TI - [The death of R. Nissen (1896-1981), the surgeon who operated on Mihaly Babits]. PMID- 7033888 TI - [Cutaneous ureteroileostomy in myelodysplasia]. PMID- 7033889 TI - [Resection columnotomy in myelodysplastic lumbar kyphosis]. PMID- 7033890 TI - [Interdisciplinary care of children with myelodysplasia in the Department of Rehabilitation of the Hubertusburg Clinic]. PMID- 7033891 TI - Treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. AB - Ten patients with pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee were treated in a double blind cross-over study with two weeks of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and placebo. There was statistically significant pain relief by TENS and half of the patients chose to continue using TENS for pain control after the test month. However, at one year's follow-up, only two patients had sufficient benefit to continue using the device. PMID- 7033892 TI - Body electrolytes, renin-angiotensin system and aldosterone secretion in essential hypertension. PMID- 7033893 TI - Effect of nifedipine on blood sugar, insulin and glucagon levels after an oral glucose load. PMID- 7033894 TI - Immunologic sensitization of circulating basophils to exogenous insulin in diabetic patients. PMID- 7033895 TI - Immunoprecipitation of biosynthetically-labelled proteins from different Papua New Guinea Plasmodium falciparum isolates by sera from individuals in the endemic area. AB - The human serum antibody response to Plasmodium falciparum infection in Papua New Guinea has been studied by electrophoretic analysis of immunoprecipitated biosynthetically-labelled malaria proteins from three different isolates maintained in long-term in vitro culture. Differences in protein antigenic composition in different lines have been described and simplified by examination of antigens recognized only by hyperimmune serum. An in vitro assay has been used to screen various human sera containing antimalarial antibody for their ability to inhibit parasite growth and the immunoprecipitation profiles of non-inhibitory sera have been compared with those of a hyperimmune serum pool. In the discussion, emphasis is placed on the value of immunoprecipitation analyses using clinically-defined sera with known in vitro function in the identification of antigens which may be responsible for the induction of host-protective immunity. PMID- 7033896 TI - [Treatment of hypercholesterolemia with neomycin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7033897 TI - The non-specific mesenchymal reaction in connective tissue pathology. PMID- 7033898 TI - The early arterial effects of renovascular hypertension in rats. AB - Experimental hypertension in rats increases vascular permeability to tracers such as Trypan blue or colloidal iron. The amount of tracer which enters the tissues examined : brain, skin and aortic wall is proportional to the damage of the vascular wall. The highest permeability increase was seen in the aortic wall, then in the skin. Brain vessels seem to be the most resistant to permeability increase induced by experimental hypertension. PMID- 7033899 TI - Studies on elastic tissue of aorta in aortic dissections and Marfan syndrome. AB - Insoluble elastins were isolated from control and aneurytic aortas by a sequential extraction procedure involving the use of purified collagenase. Marked differences in amino acid analyses and susceptibilities to pancreatic elastase were observed between normal and pathological samples. The incorporation of either 14C-lysine or 14C-glucosamine into proteins of the vessel wall was also studied. In addition, high amounts of elastase-type activity was extractable from pathological aorta specimens which may contribute significantly to the loss of elastic tissue evidenced by ultra-structural studies and confirmed by the biochemical technics. We propose therefore that increased elastase-type protease activity in these pathological aortas does significantly contribute to the weakening of the aortic wall and also may well be the main cause of the rupture of aneurysms observed occasionally. PMID- 7033900 TI - Pharmacological studies on elastin peptides (kappa-elastin). Blood clearance, percutaneous penetration and tissue distribution. AB - Soluble elastin peptides obtained by partial hydrolysis of ligamentum nuchae elastin in 1M KOH in 80 per cent aqueous ethanol (kappa-elastin) were labelled in vitro by incubation with tritiated borohydrate. 3H-labelled kappa-elastin was administered iv and percutaneously and its elimination and organ distribution determined. iv administered kappa-elastin is rapidly eliminated through the kidneys with a first rapid phase (t 1/2 9.9 min) and a second slower phase (t 1/2 169 min). Percutaneously administered elastin peptides penetrate in the dermis and 30 to 40 per cent of the administered label can still be found in the skin 48 hours later. Resorption through the skin is a slow process, with very little or no radioactivity detectable at any time in the blood. Only liver and lung contained significant amounts of radioactivity (4 per cent and 2 per cent of the total dose administered) at 48 hours after administration. Urinary elimination represented about 5 per cent of the administered dose. Histochemical studies performed on the skin of rats treated daily with kappa-elastin (25 mg per day for 4 weeks) showed an increase of elastin-staining material in the dermis. This increase is partly due to a modified staining of collagen bundles, resulting probably from the association of elastin peptides with the collagen bundles. It may also partly be due to an increase of elastin fibers in the dermis through the stimulation of fibroblast activity. These histochemical results confirm the penetration of elastin peptides in the dermis, their association with dermal collagen fibers and also their action on the cellular activity of the dermis. PMID- 7033901 TI - Age-related changes in the glycosaminoglycans and collagen of cultured pig endothelial cells. AB - Pig aortic endothelial cells were grown from aortic intimal explants. Tissue culture samples were obtained at regular intervals between the 2nd and 21st day (time-course experiments) and between the 2nd and 15th passage (influence of subcultivation). Glycosaminoglycans (GAG-s) were isolated separately from the cells and from the medium. The various GAG-s were identified by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips, by differential degradations with HNO2 and by digestion with selective enzymes, and their concentration was measured. Protein and collagen content was also determined. Parallel tissue culture monolayers were investigated by microscopical methods. Total GAG and collagen concentrations showed maximum curves when plotted as a function of the time of incubation, with peak values on the 9th day, both in the cells and in the medium. From among the individual GAG-s the amount of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin-sulfate increased gradually, while heparan-sulfate content changed in the opposite direction. Chondroitin was detectable only in the culture medium; its concentration decreased steeply until the tenth day. Alterations in the dermatansulfate content showed inverse tendency. The production and excretion of collagen and of GAG-s increased during the first six passages, both in the cells and in the media, and then declined during the four following ones. The ratio of the individual GAG-s did not alter until the tenth subculture. Further subcultivation resulted in a gradual increase in the relative amount of chondroitin-sulfate and a decrease in heparan sulfate contents. PMID- 7033902 TI - Effect of lysosomotropic amine, chloroquine, on the radioactive incorporation pattern of glycosaminoglycans in human skin fibroblasts. AB - Control and chloroquine treated fibroblast cultures were incubated with 14C glucosamine. The cells were separated from the medium and the pericellular matrix. The S-carboxymethylproteins in the medium were hydrolysed with trypsin and pronase. The glycosaminoglycans were treated with hyaluronidase, chondroitin AB-lyase and chondroitin ABC-lyase. The macromolecular 14C label per cell in the medium was higher in the chloroquine treated cultures than in the controls. The incorporation of the 14C-hexosamines per cell into the pericellular and intracellular compartment was not modified. The increased 14C-label in the medium of fibroblast exposed to chloroquine accounted for the increased incorporation of the 14C precursor into chondroitin 4 and 6 sulfates and dermatan sulfate. PMID- 7033903 TI - Study of free and esterified cholesterol in skin in atherogenic hyperlipidemias. AB - Free and esterified cholesterol in the skin were assayed by gas chromatography after thin layer histochromatographic separation. There were 20 controls of both sexes, 36 subjects with type lla hyperlipoproteinemia, 27 with type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia and 19 with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. Esterified skin cholesterol levels were higher in women with the type of lla disorder and in subjects with tendinous xanthomas. The levels of esterified skin cholesterol in type II women is not correlated with free skin cholesterol or with total circulating cholesterol; all these parameters are correlated in men. Furthermore, skin cholesterol levels were determined in 15 type II subjects before and after a six month treatment with the anticholesterolemic probucol. Cholesterolemia decreased 10 per cent, free skin cholesterol decreased slightly and esterified skin cholesterol increased significantly, as did the esterified/total skin cholesterol ratio. These data suggest the existence of a relationship between low vascular risk and elevated levels of esterified skin cholesterol (or elevated esterified/total skin cholesterol ratio). PMID- 7033904 TI - [HDL phospholipids determination after precipitation by concanavalin A (author's transl)]. AB - The interest in the HDL phospholipids determination for cardiovascular disease investigations leads us to study its determination by an easy and accurate procedure: precipitation of lipoproteins bound to apo B with concanavalin A and determination of phospholipids in the supernatant by an enzymatic procedure. From our preliminary study, we refuse the heparin Mn Cl2 precipitation. Our method is compared with phosphotungstate Mg Cl2 precipitation procedure. PMID- 7033905 TI - [Endocrine regulation of the metabolic processes in traumatic shock]. PMID- 7033906 TI - [Relation of mast cell function to the metabolic processes in their cytoplasm]. PMID- 7033907 TI - [Morphological and histochemical studies of the pancreas of albino rats after trichlorfon poisoning]. PMID- 7033908 TI - Type III group B streptococcal strain differences in susceptibility to opsonization with human serum. AB - Human serum opsonins to type III Group B streptococci (GBS) were studied in an in vitro opsonophagocytic assay. Two type III GBS test strains were susceptible (893 and IIINor) and two resistant (891 and 892) to opsonization by the majority of sera from 15 healthy adults. Four individuals with undetectable or low opsonic titers to the test strains were immunized with pneumococcal vaccine; immunization with pneumococcal vaccine induced a titer rise in all but one instance when susceptible GBS strains were tested. In contrast, only a single titer rise was detected when resistant GBS strains were employed in the test. These results indicate that immunization with a cross-reacting antigen (identical to core antigen of type III GBS) fails to induce opsonic antibody to all strains of type III GBS. A resistant strain was made highly susceptible to neutrophil killing in vitro by exposure to neuramindase prior to incubation with opsonic serum. Using a fluorescent lectin-binding assay, this enzyme appeared to remove surface sialic acid, suggesting that sialic acid is an antiphagocytic factor. However, the possibility that other surface moieties may act as antiphagocytic factors cannot be ruled out. Both opsonic susceptible and resistant strains absorbed opsonic antibody from serum, which suggests that the GBS antiphagocytic factors do not prevent binding of antibody to resistant bacteria. These findings indicate that demonstration of serum opsonic activity to one strain of type III GBS may not accurately depict opsonic activity to other strains. In addition, immunization with core antigen did not enhance opsonic activity against all GBS strains. These data also point out the need to use assays which measure functional antibody, since demonstration of antibody binding may not reflect its ability to facilitate bacterial phagocytosis and killing. PMID- 7033909 TI - [Folic acid activity in acute infections in children]. PMID- 7033910 TI - Unilateral pulmonary interstitial emphysema: a surgical approach to treatment. AB - Pulmonary interstitial emphysema is a condition that has become a significant problem chiefly as a complication of mechanical ventilation of the newborn. In its severe forms, it may compromise ventilation and restrict pulmonary blood flow to the degree that it becomes a significant cause of mortality. When its occurrence is unilateral, or predominantly so, it becomes more amenable to therapy. A number of different approaches have been described, especially for milder forms of the disease, but none has proved entirely satisfactory. A surgical approach has been used in four patients with severe unilateral pulmonary interstitial emphysema complicating ventilator therapy for hyaline membrane disease. The technique was successful in three of the four infants. The technique was successful in three of the for infants. An illustrative case is described, as well as the selective criteria for application of the technique. PMID- 7033912 TI - Fever in full-term newborns in the first four days of life. AB - Over a period of 18 months, 100 full-term newborns developed an axillary or a rectal temperature greater than or equal to 37.8 C during the first four days of postnatal life. These febrile term newborns represented 1% of all full-term newborns in the normal nursery. Of the febrile newborns, 10% had culture-proven bacterial disease (BD). Fever developed in 54%, 27%, 13%, and 6% on the first, second, third, and fourth days, respectively. In 17 newborns fever developed within the first hour of life; 13 of these had mothers with fever and two others were under a radiant warmer in the birth room. Fever occurring on the third day of postnatal life had a significantly higher chance of being associated with BD than fever occurring at any other time in the first four days of postnatal life. Newborns with temperature greater than or equal to 39 C had a significantly higher incidence of BD than newborns with temperature less than 39 C. The incidence of fever among breast-fed newborns (0.98%) was similar to that of formula-fed newborns (1.01%). Of the 100 febrile newborns, 45 had other symptoms compatible with BD, and eight of these had proven BD (group B Streptococcus in five, group D Streptococcus in one, Shigella D in one, and Propionibacterium species in one). The two other febrile newborns with proven BD had no other symptoms of infection (group B Streptococcus and Escherichia coli). Mean WBC count of febrile newborns with BD was significantly lower than that of febrile newborns without BD. Only three febrile newborns had WBC count less than 5,000/cu mm and two of them had proven BD. Febrile newborns should be evaluated and treated with antibiotics when they have symptoms of infection other than fever or when the fever persists or recurs. PMID- 7033911 TI - Role of antibody to native type III polysaccharide of group B Streptococcus in infant infection. AB - The role of maternally acquired antibody to native type III polysaccharide of group B Streptococcus as a determinant of susceptibility for infant systemic infection was investigated. Sera from 111 acutely ill infants with type III group B streptococcal bacteremia and/or meningitis and their mothers, and cord sera from 45 healthy neonates and their mothers who had type III group B streptococcal vaginal colonization at delivery were studied. Sera from each of 111 acutely ill infants contained very low levels of antibody (less than 1.7 microgram/ml, median 0.4 microgram/ml), and a significant correlation with maternal levels was tested for early onset infection (median 0.6 microgram/ml; 4 = .76; P less than .01). Women whose infants remained well had antibody levels greater than 2 microgram/ml in their sera (73%) more often than those whose infants developed symptomatic infection (17%) (P less than .001), and the median level in their sera (12.6 microgram/ml) was considerably higher. Study of sera obtained during convalescence from 86 surviving infants indicated a poor antibody response to infection. In contrast, high levels of antibody were detected in sera from each of five convalescent women with postpartum bacteremia. These data extend earlier observations suggesting the correlation between low levels of type-specific antibody in serum and risk for systemic infection with type III strains of group B streptococci. PMID- 7033913 TI - Encephalopathy of Reye's syndrome: a review of pathogenetic hypotheses. AB - The pathogenesis of Reye's syndrome encephalopathy was analyzed in terms of uniform criteria designed to clarify and assist evaluation of the leading hypotheses. Three of these hypotheses derive from known metabolic sequelae of hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and the severe systemic catabolism of protein, fats, and carbohydrates that characterize the syndrome biochemically: hyperammonemia, hyperfattyacidemia, and hyperlactatemia. In addition, there is a fourth hypothesis of generalized mitochondrial insult affecting brain, muscle, and other organs as well as liver. The weight of evidence favors hyperammononemia as a sufficient factor while recognizing important interrelationships with the other observed biochemical derangements. How the catabolism and hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction are produced by the triggering viral infection remains unknown. Therapeutic efforts have thus far not succeeded in definitive metabolic intervention. Such reversal of the clinical syndrome would lead to confirmation of the necessary pathogenetic factors; this type of intervention remains the chief goal of metabolic research in Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7033914 TI - [Ventriculitis and meningoencephalitis caused by Escherichia coli of the serological group O4]. PMID- 7033915 TI - Behavioral science in medical education: an updated bibliography. AB - Holmes, et al. in 1979 compiled 125 studies in a bibliography of behavioral science in undergraduate and graduate education. Since 1979, 75 additional studies of behavioral science in medical education have been identified. The current updated bibliography contains 200 entries. Foreign medical journals, Index Medicus, and Psychological Abstracts were reference sources for the bibliography. PMID- 7033916 TI - Relaxation training tapes: preferences and effects of gender and background. AB - Relaxation training tapes vary in voice gender and background, but little has been published regarding the preferences and effects of these parameters. Four classes, totalling 40 male and 36 female undergraduates, listened to parts of two commercially available sets of relaxation tapes. Both sets offered progressive relaxation and autogenic training in a choice of a male or a female voice. One set also provided a musical and environmental background. Tape segments were randomly assigned to the classes and balanced for gender and background. Subjects indicated a preference for the female voices. In addition, there was a significant association between sex of subject and voice gender preference, with males preferring female voices and females preferring male voices. However, the choices of the "best" tapes and actual ratings of relaxation indicated no significant voice-gender preferences associations. Preferences for the facilitating effects of the tapes with musical and environmental backgrounds were reflected in significant preferences for tape sets, tape choices, and relaxation ratings. The clinical implications and limitations of these findings were discussed. PMID- 7033917 TI - On Wells's (1792) law of visual direction. PMID- 7033918 TI - Group B beta hemolytic streptococcal sepsis in the newborn. AB - Group B Beta Hemolytic streptococcal infection among newborn infants has recently grown in importance. The pathological changes in the early onset cases appear to be confined to the lung. In our patients, hyaline membranes with peripheral atelectasis was unusual, although fibrin deposited in areas without accompanying atelectasis may lead to confusion with hyaline membrane disease. The clinical features and pathologic changes caused by GBS had some differences from those due to other organisms giving rise to fatal pneumonia in the newborn. The lungs of GBS-infected babies in our autopsy series were not as heavy, had more alveolar fibrin deposition, but not more hyaline membrane disease than in nonstreptococcal cases. Alveolar inflammation was more marked in nonstreptococcal cases, but the GBS cases had more interstitial inflammation. Massive alveolar bacterial growth was more common in the GBS cases. Chronic thymic involution was less marked in the GBS cases, while acute splenitis was more common. Meningitis was present in four of our nonstreptococcal cases, but in none of the GBS cases. The clinical courses of GBS and nonstreptococcal fatal pneumonias differed. The mothers of infants with GBS infection were less febrile and ahd an increased frequency of prolonged rupture of the membranes, while the infants had a decreased duration of life, compared to those with nonstreptococcal sepsis. PMID- 7033919 TI - Pathology of neonatal Herpes simplex virus infection. PMID- 7033920 TI - Congenital toxoplasmosis. PMID- 7033922 TI - NLN nursing data book 1981: statistical information on nursing education and newly licensed nurses. PMID- 7033921 TI - Renin release by renin-depleted rats following hypotensive haemorrhage and anesthetics. AB - 1. Renin-depletion, described as a decrease in renal cortex and plasma renin levels, was produced by clipping one renal artery of a rat and leaving the contralateral kidney in place (two kidney one clip hypertension), One month later the clipped kidney was removed and after 24 h recovery such rats were found to be renin depleted: renal cortex and plasma renin levels were 8 and 63% of normal respectively. 2. Such renin depleted rats were incapable of releasing renin (as judged by increase in plasma renin level) in response to severely hypotensive haemorrhage and had very blunted renin release responses to pentobarbital and urethane anesthesia (59 and 17% of normal respectively). 3. Our results confirm the hypothesis that a low renal renin status is associated with low basal and stimulated renin release. We suggest that the renin depleted rat may be a useful model for the study of the role of the renin angiotensin system in phenomena such as blood pressure compensation following hypotensive haemorrhage and drinking induced by beta-adrenoreceptor agonists. PMID- 7033923 TI - [Methods for the evaluation of the intestinal function in the horse (author's transl)]. AB - Diagnostic tests in horses showing signs of gastrointestinal diseases are reviewed. The use of rectal exploration is emphasized, and paracentesis as a diagnostic aid is mentioned. Special attention is given to the absorption tests as they are easy to conduct and give a relative measure of the absorptive capability of the intestinal epithelium. Glucose, D(+)-xylose and carbohydrate digestion-absorption tests are compared, and the D(+)-xylose absorption test is preferred because of the univocal curve of absorption (see Figure 1 and 2). The absorption curve in a horse suffering from alimentary lymphosarcoma (Figure 3) is shown. In assessing gastrointestinal protein loss, utilization of labelled albumin and gammaglobulins is of great importance, and the use of isotopes such as 131I and 51Cr is reviewed. Finally, a more extensive use of alkaline phosphatase as a diagnostic aid is proposed. PMID- 7033924 TI - Effect of pectin on secretion in pig jejunal loops challenged to enteropathogenic E. coli or enterotoxin (LT). A preliminary report. AB - Perorally administered pectin in pigs could reduce the fluid accumulation in intestinal loops challenged to different dilutions of enteropathogenic E. coli strains, no effect was observed to enterotoxin (LT) preparations. Pectin seems to interact with the bacterial colonization. The neutralizing effect was most pronounced with low inoculation doses in the loops (10(3) and 10(5)), while high doses (10(9)) permitted the strains to exert their enteropathogenic effect (Table I). Different batches gave different effects (Table II) and some preparations were extraordinarily effective (Table III). Thus standardisation and testing is important in developing pectin preparations for diarrhoea prophylaxis. PMID- 7033925 TI - [Quality changes in iced shrimps (Pandalus borealis). I. Changes in the contents of trimethylamine oxide and volatile nitrogen bases and bacteria in raw shrimps after different storage periods compared with organoleptic examinations (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of two experiments on the storage of raw shrimps (Pandalus borealis) in ice and on samples taken out from different trawlers after different days at sea, we have attempted to find the criteria of choice for the lower limit of quality of raw shrimps which are meant for further processing for human consumption. A content of TVN of approximately 50 mg/100 g peeled shrimp and a content of TMA-N of approximately 10 mg/100 g peeled shrimp probably represent such an objective lower limit if a comparison with organoleptic assessment is made. Assuming suitable storage conditions, this corresponds to a maximum period of 7 days. In this paper we have also attempted to find the content of TMAO in fresh raw shrimps from different fishing grounds in the Barents sea and off the Eastern coast of Greenland. The content of TMA-N was found to vary from 166 to 211 mg/100 g peeled shrimp. PMID- 7033926 TI - [A rapid method for the diagnosis of Trichophyton verrucosum (author's transl)]. AB - 200 dermatological specimens from cattle with clinical symptoms resembling ringworm have been examined using direct microscopy of lye-treated material and cultivation on glucose peptone agar with examination of the cultures for microcolonies of Trichophyton verrucosum after 2-4 days incubation (Fig. 1 and 2). The results (Table I) show good correlation between the two examination methods. In 77 specimens arthrospores were demonstrated on direct microscopy and microcolonies of T. verrucosum on cultivation, 9 specimens were positive on direct microscopy only, 13 specimens were positive on cultivation only, and 101 specimens were negative on both methods. Other dermatophytes than T. verrucosum were not demonstrated. PMID- 7033927 TI - [Comparative study of mechanical and manual suture of bronchial stumps in pneumonectomy (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence and time of onset of bronchial fistulae were retrospectively studied in 306 patients who underwent pneumonectomy at the Saint-Joseph Hospital, Paris, between 1975 and 1979. The bronchial suture was performed mechanically in 145 cases and manually in 161 cases. Patients in both groups were of comparable age, lung disease, side operated upon, nature of the bronchial division, post operative course and surgeon's ability. From the results of the study, the authors have endeavoured to determine the advantages of mechanical suture as opposed to manual suture with regard to both operatory technique and quality of results. PMID- 7033928 TI - [Value of high frequency jet ventilation in bronchopleural fistulas]. PMID- 7033929 TI - [Abdominal emergencies: contribution of the computer]. PMID- 7033930 TI - [Acute abdominal pain syndrome. The computer as an aid to diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - With a bank of data collected locally and a probability program of diagnostic aid, the computer is capable of making the correct diagnosis in 79% of acute abdominal pain syndromes. Its performance in this respect is somewhat superior to that of clinicians (73.5%). Including a computer program in diagnostic procedures would reduce the number of errors by excess or omission. In abdominal emergencies computerization would help either by increasing the reliability of clinical diagnoses or by suggesting that other possibilities should be investigated. PMID- 7033931 TI - [Acute abdominal pain. A prospective multicentric study (author's transl)]. AB - Analysis of the information obtained from a data bank on 3 500 cases of acute abdominal pain showed that the most frequent cause was appendicitis. Patients admitted to hospital with painful abdominal syndrome of uncertain aetiology ranked second in frequency. The most common erroneous diagnoses concerned complicated ovarian cysts and urinary tract infections. The present report constitutes the first stage of a French diagnostic aid computer program. PMID- 7033932 TI - Biosynthesis and transport of yeast mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. AB - The biosynthesis of yeast mitochondrial Phe-tRNA synthetase is studied in vivo. Antibodies against the enzyme are raised in rabbits. They precipitate two proteins in the post-ribosomal supernatant of the yeast cell homogenate. Immunoprecipitate analysis on SDS - gel electrophoresis shows that the two types of mitochondrial enzyme subunits with molecular weights of 57,000 and 72,000, respectively, are cytoplasmically synthesized as larger, individual precursors. Terminal extensions of the precursors prevent enzyme activity. Mitochondrial membranes linked protease(s) play(s) an active role in maturation. PMID- 7033933 TI - Synthesis and processing of ribosomal RNA in isolated yeast mitochondria. AB - The synthesis and processing of the 15S and 21S rRNAs have been studied in isolated yeast mitochondria. When mitochondrial transcripts were labeled with [alpha-32p]UTP in an incubation mixture containing 50 microM ATP, the transcripts from the genes for the large and small ribosomal RNAs accumulated in the form of putative precursor molecules. The labeled pre-21S rRNA was converted to mature 21S rRNA during a chase period in the presence of 1 mM ATP. Thus, the maturation of 21S rRNA, a process which includes trimming at the 3' end and, in omega+ strains, the excision of a 1.1 kb intervening sequence, can occur in isolated mitochondria and appears to be dependent on ATP. In contrast, the maturation of 15S rRNA by the removal of approximately 80 nucleotides from the 5' end of a 15.5S transcript is severely restricted in isolated mitochondria, even in the presence of 2.5 mM ATP. PMID- 7033934 TI - Primary structure of an unusual glycine tRNA UGA suppressor. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequences of two UGA-suppressing glycine transfer RNAs. The suppressor tRNAs were previously shown to translate both UGA and UGG and to have arisen as a consequence of mutation in glyT, the gene for the GGA/G-reading glycine tRNA of Escherichia coli. In each mutant tRNA, the primary sequence change was the substitution of adenine for cytosine in the 3' position of the anticodon. In addition, a portion of mutant glyT tRNA molecules contained N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)-2-thiomethyl adenine adjacent to the 3' end of the anticodon (nucleotide 37). The presence or absence of this hypermodification may be a determinant in some of the biological properties of the mutant tRNA. PMID- 7033935 TI - [Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the etiology of hypertension in Cushing's syndrome]. PMID- 7033936 TI - [Disorders of cellular immunity in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7033937 TI - [Effect of bicarbonate and acetate dialysates on hemodialysis in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 7033938 TI - [Extravascular lung water in the burned lungs of experimental animals after treatment with heparin and controlled respiration]. PMID- 7033939 TI - [Results of the use of pharmacologically "protected" mesh skin transplants in the treatment of burns]. PMID- 7033940 TI - [Electric burns]. PMID- 7033941 TI - [Thermal lung injuries]. PMID- 7033942 TI - Influence of phentolamine and other drugs on proliferation of hemopoietic stem cells and on postirradiation survival of Swiss mice. AB - The effect of combination of drugs composed of phentolamine (PHE), 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), dopamine (DA), and haloperidol (HAL), which is known to inhibit differentiation of lymphocytes [15, 16, 17] on the hemopoietic stem cells forming colonies in the spleen (CFU-S) of mice was investigated. the mixture of drugs administered for 3 consecutive days produced more then twofold increase in transplantable CFU-S content in bone marrow of donor Swiss mice. Similar effect was observed after 5-HTP or PHE administered as single drugs. The other components of the mixture appeared to be ineffective. PHE injected into the recipients of bone marrow 1 h after its transplantation reduced the percentage of CFU-S in the phase of DNA synthesis (S-phase of the cell cycle) from approx. 61 to 40%. the above result in view of the simultaneous increase in CFU-S content in bone marrow of donor mice suggests that the inhibitory effect of PHE on differentiation of CFU-S exceeds its effect on their proliferation. The increase in the mean survival time of animals irradiated with 700 and 750 R 1 h after the last injection of PHE, administered alone or in combination with drugs for 3 consecutive days, was also observed. This effect was less pronounced than might be expected from the obtained increase in CFU-S content. PMID- 7033943 TI - Dental research in the developing world. PMID- 7033944 TI - Indapamide in the treatment of essential arterial hypertension in the elderly. AB - Twenty-four patients (average age 72 years) took part in a study of the effectiveness and tolerance of indapamide as medication for essential hypertension in elderly subjects. 2.5 mg was administered daily for two months, after which the same amount was given once every other day in order to investigate whether the antihypertensive effect would persist at this dosage. After two months treatment with 1 tablet of indapamide 2.5 mg daily, statistically significant (P less than 0.01) drops in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures both erect and supine were observed. In 18 of the patients, the results obtained underwent no statistically significant modifications during the second 2-month treatment period at reduced dosage. In 5 others, dosage had to be maintained at 1 tablet daily. In all cases, the drug was well tolerated clinically. ECG recordings were unchanged. Laboratory results remained within the normal range despite a slight increase in serum uric acid and a slight decrease in potassium. PMID- 7033945 TI - A study comparing indapamide with cyclopenthiazide in geriatric patients. AB - The efficacy of indapamide was compared with cyclopenthiazide in geriatric hypertensive patients. On admission to the study patients were randomly allocated following a placebo run-in period before therapy commenced. Indapamide produced a greater fall in blood pressure which was well maintained in contrast to cyclopenthiazide. Both drugs were well tolerated. PMID- 7033946 TI - Comparison of the antihypertensive effects of indapamide and metoprolol. AB - The effects on blood pressure and heart rate of 200 mg metoprolol and 2.5 mg indapamide given separately and together as a single daily dose were compared in 27 patients suffering from moderate hypertension. The blood pressure and heart rate were measured in the lying and standing position, before, during and after exercise. Both indapamide and metoprolol in a single daily dose reduced the blood pressure. The best results were achieved by a combination of the two. PMID- 7033948 TI - A multicentre open trial indapamide in general practice. AB - In a multicentre open study, 99 patients were treated with indapamide (2.5 mg daily) by 19 general practitioners. Fourteen patients failed to complete the study and in most cases this was unrelated to active therapy. Fifty patients had not previously received antihypertensive therapy, 25 patients had been on previous antihypertensive therapy with either unsatisfactory blood pressure control of side effects and the remaining 10 patients had indapamide added to their existing therapy. Of the 85 patients who did complete, the mean reduction in blood pressure at the end of 4 months treatment was 26 mmHg systolic and 17 mmHg diastolic. In those patients who were studied for at least 12 months treatment, blood pressure control was maintained in the majority. No severe side effects were reported. PMID- 7033947 TI - A comparative study of the efficacy of indapamide and bendrofluazide given in combination with atenolol. AB - In a double blind crossover double dummy study, 17 hypertensive patients who were not adequately controlled on atenolol alone were additionally given either bendrofluazide 5 mg or indapamide 2.5 mg for 12 weeks. Both drugs produced a similar modest improvement in blood pressure. No differences were seen on either treatment in body weight, plasma electrolytes, urea or uric acid. PMID- 7033949 TI - International multicentre study of indapamide in the treatment of essential arterial hypertension. AB - A total of 1600 patients with essential arterial hypertension was recruited from 10 countries, and treated with indapamide according to a common protocol. 703 subjects who completed the protocol were analysed, from whom 644 were followed for 3 months, and the remainder (all from Belgium) up to 10 months. The group of 644 showed a highly significant drop in erect and supine blood pressures after one month, and this was maintained after 3 months treatment. The percentage of responders (normalization of diastolic pressure, or drop of at least 30 mmHg) was 64% after 3 months. The Belgian group maintained their reductions in pressure at 6 and 10 months. Serum potassium showed a modest drop, but remained within normal limits: other biochemical values were virtually unchanged. Some side effects were noted, but none was serious. It is concluded that indapamide is a first line treatment for essential arterial hypertension. PMID- 7033950 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function in patients showing an antihypertensive and biochemical response to indapamide. AB - Left ventricular function was evaluated non-invasively in hypertensive patients treated with indapamide by means of echographically determined velocity of circumferential fibre shortening (VCF). A statistically significant reduction in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both the standing and supine position (P less than 0.001) and after exercise, systolic (P less than 0.001) diastolic (P less than 0.05) occurred but no alteration in left ventricular function was found. Blood lipids showed no change from pre-treatment levels. Serum uric acid demonstrated a significant elevation and serum potassium a significant fall but each remained within the normal range. Three patients required potassium supplementation. A significant rise in serum sodium and fall in serum chloride, both remaining within the normal range, occurred. PMID- 7033951 TI - The pharmacology and clinical pharmacology of indapamide. AB - At low doses indapamide is a potent and long acting antihypertensive agent in various hypertensive animals and in man, but is without activity in normotensive subjects. A daily dose of 2.5 mg produces a minimal diuresis but at higher doses this increases without any significant augmentation of hypotensive activity. It appears to have no effect on most blood biochemical parameters, including glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, noradrenaline, adrenaline, but potassium levels may decrease and uric acid and renin increase. Indapamide had no effect on renal function nor does it alter left ventricular function, electrocardiograph (ECG) or heart rate, although cardiac output may marginally increase. Total peripheral resistance is significantly decreased and it may exert its antihypertensive effect by reducing vascular reactivity to various pressor stimuli by inhibiting the net inward flow of calcium and resultant phasic contractions in vascular smooth muscle. Indapamide differs from the diuretics in that it has a comparatively high lipid solubility; it is also bound to blood proteins and elastin in vascular smooth muscle and little is eliminated in the urine. It may be for these reasons that the drug has less diuretic activity but more pronounced effect on vascular smooth muscle than compounds of similar structure. PMID- 7033952 TI - A comparative study of talampicillin and ampicillin syrups in the treatment of paediatric infections in general practice. PMID- 7033953 TI - [Sensitivity to insulin in thyrotoxicosis]. AB - Insulin and glucose-insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues is studies in patients with thyrotoxicosis of different severity and duration. Three main types of the curves, characterizing exogenic insulin sensitivity, were detected. It was determined that a decrease in insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance prevailed in patients with disturbed glucose tolerance (the doubtful type of glycemic curve, latent diabetes). The results obtained do not eliminate the significance of insulin sensitivity failure in the affection of adaptive characteristics of the pancreatic insulin-producing apparatus in thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 7033954 TI - [Changes in integral indicators of natural immunity in experimental hypo- and hyperthyroidism]. AB - Two natural immunity integral indices-the skin bactericidal action and the blood antibacterial activity-were studied in experimental rat hypo- and hyperthyrosis by means of original radioimmunoassay. A decrease in the skin bactericidal action was seen hypothyrosis, but as whole, this test proved to be insufficiently sensitive. An alteration of the blood antibacterial activity in hypo- and hyperthyrosis is characterized by an initial increase in this activity, followed by its lowering. The prolonged phase of the blood antibacterial activity growth was found in hyperthyrosis, whereas in hypothyrosis the decreased phase of the above activity was seen. The pronounced changes in the natural immunity level precede clinical manifestations of the thyroid affection. Radioimmunoassay is recommended for studying the blood antibacterial activity as a sensitive and informative test, allowing one to judge of the antibacterial immunity state. PMID- 7033955 TI - [Calcium metabolism in the beta-cell and insulin secretion]. PMID- 7033956 TI - [Biological role of lymphocytotoxins with regard to T- and B-cells]. PMID- 7033957 TI - [Immunogenetic aspects of bone marrow transplantation under clinical conditions]. PMID- 7033958 TI - [Effect of proteolytic enzymes on blood coagulation]. PMID- 7033959 TI - [Method of cloning human bone marrow stromal cells]. PMID- 7033960 TI - [Experimental models of human congenital coagulation defects]. PMID- 7033961 TI - [Respiratory insufficiency and oxygen inhalation therapy (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7033962 TI - Evidence for major histocompatibility complex restriction in transplantation immunity. AB - Studies on the survival of histocompatibility-Y antigen (H-Y)-incompatible and skin-specific antigen (Skn)-incompatible skin grafts in mice, as well as those concerned with the survival of cultured parathyroid allografts in rats, indicate that grafts provoke a strong immune response only if they include donor macrophages (or Langerhans cells) or if major histocompatibility complex compatible macrophages are available to react with cells bearing the foreign antigens. PMID- 7033963 TI - Direct photoaffinity labeling of an allosteric site on subunit protein M1 of mouse ribonucleotide reductase by dTTP. AB - The protein M1 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase contains at least two allosteric nucleotide binding sites that control the capacity of the enzyme to reduce ribonucleotides to the deoxyribonucleotides required for DNA synthesis. Direct photoaffinity labeling of partially purified protein M1 from mouse T lymphoma (S49) cells was observed after UV irradiation in the presence of dTTP at 0 degrees C. The relative molar incorporation of nucleotide per subunit was 4-8%. Competition experiments showed that the dTTP was bound to an allosteric domain genetically and kinetically defined as the substrate specificity site of the enzyme. An altered protein M1 isolated from a thymidine-resistant mutant cell line showed significantly decreased photoincorporation of dTTP, consistent with the fact that its CDP reductase activity is resistant to feedback inhibition by dTTP. Specific photolabeling of several other proteins with pyrimidine and purine nucleotides was also found, indicating the general usefulness of direct photoaffinity labeling in the study of enzymes involved in nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism. PMID- 7033964 TI - Intranasal instillation of oxytocin increases insulin and glucagon secretion. AB - Intravenously administered oxytocin was found to increase plasma insulin and glucagon levels. To explore if the same effects could be obtained by nonparenteral routes of administration, oxytocin was given by nasal instillation in normal conscious dogs. Plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon levels all increased to levels which previously were shown to cause increased glucose production and utilization. Vasopressin infusion had no effect on these measurements. This is the first report of the effectiveness of oxytocin to evoke insulin and glucagon secretion by the nasal route of administration. PMID- 7033965 TI - Induction of autoantibody-producing cells after the coculture of haptenated and normal human mononuclear leukocytes. AB - The coculture of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBL) and autologous mononuclear leukocytes coupled to the trinitrophenyl (TNP) hapten (TNP PBL) was found to induce a polyclonal activation of antibody-producing cells. The polyclonal activation of antibody-producing cells was demonstrated by detecting the induction of cells producing antibody to sheep red blood cells using a complement-dependent, direct, hemolytic plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay. A ratio of four normal to one haptenated mononuclear leukocyte was found to be optimal for inducing the polyclonal activation of antibody-producing cell in these cultures. The plaque-forming cells assay in these experiments utilized monolayers of indicator red cells. Further evidence for the polyclonal induction of antibody producing cells by TNP-PBL was provided by demonstrating PFC on monolayers of not only sheep red blood cells, but also autologous human red cells, bromelain treated autologous red cells, TNP-coupled human and sheep red cells, and human autologous red cells coupled to human heat-aggregated IgG with chromic chloride. Thus cells secreting antibody to TNP, human red cells, and human IgG were induced. Anti-IgG and anti-human red cell-producing cells were first detected on Day 2 of culture and were still present on Day 9. Mononuclear leukocytes altered by chemical haptenation polyclonally stimulate normal mononuclear leukocytes to become antibody-producing cells. This polyclonal stimulation of antibody producing cells includes cells producing antibodies to human IgG and human autologous red blood cells suggesting that autoantibody-producing cells are induced. PMID- 7033966 TI - Modulation of lymphoid cell blastogenic responsiveness to mitogens by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. AB - Spleen and mesenteric lymph node cell blastogenic responses to the mitogens concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide and to parasite antigens were examined in vitro following removal from mice undergoing primary or secondary infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. During primary infection spleen cells showed a marked increase in proliferative responsiveness to both mitogens, followed by a marked depression thereafter. During a secondary infection the response of spleen cells to both mitogens remained depressed. In contrast, cells from the mesenteric lymph nodes of infected mice exhibited enhanced responsiveness to Con A and LPS, followed by depression of the response, followed by another cycle of enhancement upon reinfection. Sensitivity of both spleen and especially mesenteric lymph node cells to Nb antigens was greatest at approximately the time of worm expulsion: Day 13 after primary and Day 8 after secondary infection. PMID- 7033968 TI - Society for Experimental Biology & Medicine. PMID- 7033967 TI - Effects of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus lesions on pulsatile luteinizing hormone concentration in ovariectomized rats. AB - We investigated the effects of hypothalamic arcuate nuclei destruction on the postovariectomy rise in plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration and the pulsatile LH release mechanism in ovariectomized rats. Rats were injected with 1, 2, or 4 mg/g body wt of L-monosodium glutamate (MSG) on Days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 of life to lesion the arcuate nuclei. They were then ovariectomized as adults and used 2 or 4-8 weeks later. Serial blood sampling at 10-min intervals and measurement of plasma LH concentration revealed elevated plasma LH levels which fluctuated in a pulsatile fashion in all control and 1 and 2 mg/g/MSG-treated rats. In 4 mg/g MSG-treated rats, plasma LH levels were lower than in controls of both time periods after ovariectomy due to a decrease in the amplitude and/or frequency of LH pulses. Phenobarbital was administered to all 4- to 8-week ovariectomized rats to block endogenous pulsatile LH release. In phenobarbital blocked rats, three sequential iv injections of LH releasing hormone (LHRH) caused substantial elevations in plasma LH concentrations even in the 4 mg/g MSG treated animals which had low plasma LH concentrations during control bleedings prior to the injection of phenobarbital. The results indicate that the postovariectomy rise in plasma LH concentration and the associated pulsatile LH release mechanism are functional in rats with extensive arcuate nucleus lesions. The diminution in the rise in plasma LH levels and the decreased amplitude and/or frequency of LH pulses in the MSG-treated rats is likely due to a diminution in hypothalamic LHRH release. PMID- 7033969 TI - Alpha- and beta-adrenergic control of pancreatic polypeptide and insulin secretion in adult chickens. PMID- 7033970 TI - Effect of furosemide and dietary sodium on kidney and plasma big and small renin. PMID- 7033971 TI - Ketamine-HCI as a suitable anesthetic for endocrine, metabolic, and cardiovascular studies in Macaca fascicularis monkeys. PMID- 7033972 TI - Decreased myocardial extracellular and muscle lipoprotein lipase activities in endotoxin-treated rats. PMID- 7033973 TI - Malnutrition and the intestine. PMID- 7033974 TI - Human milk: nutritional resource. PMID- 7033975 TI - Overgrowth: energetic significance in relation to obesity. PMID- 7033977 TI - Vitamin D. PMID- 7033976 TI - Body composition in adolescence. PMID- 7033978 TI - Immunological aspects of autoimmune thyroid disease. AB - There is considerable evidence to indicate that autoimmune thyroid diseases (both Graves disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis) are primary disorders of the lymphoid system. Evidence is now available to indicate that both cell-mediated and humoral immune factors are important in the pathophysiological expression of these conditions. The basic genetic defect in these disorders now appears to be the presence of a specific defect in suppressor T lymphocytes, which in turn permits the survival and expansion of a randomly appearing "forbidden" clone of thyroid directed, organ-specific, helper T lymphocytes. These then cooperate with already present groups of appropriate B lymphocytes, which in turn produce humoral immunoglobulins directed against the thyroid. There appear to be subtle genetic differences that distinguish between Graves disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis, leading to their different expressions. Indeed, subtle genetic differences between different groups of patients with Graves disease may reveal whether there is a complete defect in immunoregulation (thus preventing any immunological remission) or a partial defect in immunoregulation, in which case the possibility of remission does exist. The role of stress in precipitating hyperthyroidism may be via stress-related physiological effects on partially defective suppressor T lymphocytes. PMID- 7033979 TI - Subacute thyroiditis. AB - The term "subacute thyroiditis" has come to be applied to two rather distinct forms of inflammation of the thyroid gland, both of which run courses lasting several weeks to several months. While it is clear that the term "subacute thyroiditis" connotes a temporal quality only, and could conceivably apply to any inflammatory process of intermediate severity and duration, by current usage it excludes several forms of infective (ie, bacterial fungal) thyroiditis. On the other hand, it specifically includes a painful form of thyroiditis of probable viral origin (de Quervain or pseudogranulomatous thyroiditis), and a painless form of thyroiditis, which may be called "subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis." The latter term does not necessarily imply that there is any relationship to chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, as will be discussed carefully below. PMID- 7033980 TI - The effects of aging on thyroid hormone economy in man. PMID- 7033981 TI - Endemic and sporadic nontoxic goiter. PMID- 7033982 TI - Pineal constituents and reproductive physiology. PMID- 7033983 TI - Melatonin. A pineal modulatory signal affecting pituitary function. PMID- 7033984 TI - The effects of radiation on the thyroid gland: a quantitative analysis. AB - Radiation can cause cancer of the thyroid, and the thyroid is one of the most radiosensitive tissues. Children are much more sensitive to thyroid irradiation than are adults. The effectiveness of thyroid iodination from radioisotopes of iodine is largely a function of the half-life of the isotope. Short-lived isotopes (132I), which give a high dose rate, are essentially equivalent, rad for rad, to x-irradiation. Long-lived isotopes (131I) are one-fifth or less as effective as x-ray. Stimulation of the thyroid by TSH markedly increases the carcinogenic potential of thyroid irradiation, and inhibition of TSH stimulation probably decreases the carcinogenic effects of radiation. PMID- 7033985 TI - Methods of steroid receptor analyses and their quality control in the clinical laboratory. PMID- 7033986 TI - Structure-activity relationship in certain glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. PMID- 7033987 TI - Thyroid hormone metabolism in cultured hepatocytes. PMID- 7033988 TI - New insights into metabolism of thyroid hormones: physiological and clinical implications. PMID- 7033989 TI - The pituitary-testicular axis in prostatic disease: the potential of salivary steroid assays. PMID- 7033990 TI - Structure and occurrence of unusual fatty acids in minor seed oils. PMID- 7033991 TI - Lipid nutrition and metabolism of cultured mammalian cells. PMID- 7033992 TI - Treatment of severe essential hypertension with labetalol: effect on active and inactive renin. AB - The effect of labetalol on blood pressure, heart rate and the renin-angiotensin system was evaluated in 12 patients with severe essential hypertension (diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 120 mmHg, WHO: Phase I and II) who had been resistant to other therapeutic regimens. In 9 (76%) patients, labetalol produced a marked reduction in systolic and diastolic pressure (p less than 0.001), while the other 3 patients required the combination of high doses of the drug (1600 mg/day) with a diuretic to achieve normal blood pressure levels. The average dose which controlled blood pressure levels was 777 +/- 393 mg/day. Treatment produced a progressive decrease in heart rate. Side-effects were transient. In contrast to other beta-adrenergic blockers, treatment with labetalol did not modify plasma renin activity levels nor the total concentration of renin or inactive renin levels. During the 1-year follow-up none of the patients treated with labetalol developed cardiovascular accidents, while 4 cardiovascular events occurred in a group of 12 age-matched non-treated severely hypertensive patients. The results of this study indicate that labetalol, administered as a single therapy or in combination with a diuretic, can control blood pressure levels in severely hypertensive patients who had been resistant to the administration of other therapies. Its effects on blood pressure are not related to the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 7033993 TI - Treatment of psoriasis of the scalp with betamethasone 17, 21-dipropionate plus salicylic acid lotion ('Diprosalic'). AB - In an open study, 38 patients suffering from psoriasis of the scalp with various degrees of severity and duration, were treated for 4 weeks with a lotion containing 0.05% betamethasone 17, 21-dipropionate and 2% salicylic acid in a paraben-free vehicle containing isopropyl alcohol. The results showed agreement between the overall evaluation of response by patients and the physician using a 60 mm visual scale analogue. Marked relief of symptoms appeared after 1 week of treatment while clinical improvement appeared after 2 weeks. Slight degree of induration was present in 1 patient after 4 weeks of treatment, while 8 patients showed slight degree of scaling. After 2 weeks, excoriation disappeared in all the patients treated. Overall tolerance and cosmetic acceptability of the preparation were good. PMID- 7033994 TI - Once daily dosage versus divided daily doses of carbamazepine therapy in epileptic patients: a pilot study. AB - The effect of once daily dosage of carbamazepine on fit frequency, electroencephalogram (EEG), behaviour and 24-hour drug levels were compared with those following 2 to 3 divided daily doses treatment. The 14 male epileptics, aged 16 to 18 years, who were studied had already been receiving carbamazepine for an average period of 2.5 years in combination with other anti-epileptic drugs. In this investigation, these patients received their usual daily dose (mean dose 13.9 mg/dg) of carbamazepine in 3-time, twice and once daily regimens. Each treatment period lasted for 4 weeks. Plasma concentrations of carbamazepine and its epoxide metabolite remained within the therapeutic range during the three treatment periods, but the area under the curves were greater during once daily medication. There was also slight decrease in the plasma sodium valproate concentration during the once daily regimen, but the concentrations of other concomitant medication remained unchanged. No significant changes in fit frequency and behaviour were observed athe area under the curves were greater during once daily medication. There was also slight decrease in the plasma sodium valproate concentration during the once daily regimen, but the concentrations of other concomitant medication remained unchanged. No significant changes in fit frequency and behaviour were observed athe area under the curves were greater during once daily medication. There was also slight decrease in the plasma sodium valproate concentration during the once daily regimen, but the concentrations of other concomitant medication remained unchanged. No significant changes in fit frequency and behaviour were observed and none of these patients suffered from any side-effects or toxic effects during once daily medication. EEG revealed a slight increase in abnormality during twice daily medication, but no further deterioration was seen during one daily treatment. In view of this observation, carbamazepine is probably effective as a single daily dose, but further long-term controlled clinical trial in necessary. PMID- 7033995 TI - Renin-aldosterone axis in ethanol intoxication. AB - The effect of acute moderate ethanol intoxication on renin-aldosterone axis was studied in four healthy humans in normal sodium and water balance. The subjects drank ethanol 1.2 g/kg body weight during 90 minutes. A dissociation between plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone took place; PRA increased (p less than 0.001) and aldosterone showed a decreasing trend, which was not significant. Serum Na+/K+-ratio increased (p less than 0.001). We observed no significant change in serum osmolality, blood pressure nor heart rate. The increase (p less than 0.001). We observed no significant change in serum osmolality, blood pressure nor heart rate. The increase in PRA was probably caused primarily by dehydration due to ethanol diuresis. The dissociation between plasma aldosterone and PRA may be associated with increasing serum Na+/K+-ratio or an inhibitory action of ethanol on aldosterone secretion. PMID- 7033996 TI - Facilitation of sexual receptivity in the rat by an ovulation-inhibiting analog of LHRH. AB - An LHRH analog known to inhibit ovulation in the rat ([N-Ac-Phe1, D-p-Cl-Phe2, D Trp3,6]-LHRH) was tested for its effects on sexual receptivity. The dose of 500 ng/rat was found in dose-response experiments to be most active and was further investigated for its behavioral effects in rats treated with either estrogen or estrogen plus progesterone. The analog significantly facilitated the behavior of rats in regimens producing low [estradiol benzoate (EB) (2 microgram)] and intermediate [EB (2 microgram) plus progesterone (2.5 mg)] levels of sexual behavior. In rats given regimens producing high behavioral scores [EB (5 microgram) plus progesterone (1 mg)], the peptide did not reduce mating behavior. In the same experiment, rats given EB (5 microgram) but not progesterone showed significantly higher scores after the LHRH analog only if they had been designated "responders" by a previous screening test with 1 microgram LHRH. These results demonstrate that in animals showing low, intermediate, or high levels of sexual behavior, the LHRH analog can affect mating behavior in a direction quite different from that exerted on pituitary reproductive functions. PMID- 7033997 TI - [Progress in drug development. 14]. PMID- 7033998 TI - The uses of systemic chemotherapeutic agents in psoriasis. PMID- 7033999 TI - Prodrug design. PMID- 7034000 TI - The toxicology of molluscicides--trifenmorph. PMID- 7034001 TI - Inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis by analogues and alanine. PMID- 7034002 TI - Kinetics of drug--drug interactions. PMID- 7034003 TI - The immunology of psoriasis. PMID- 7034004 TI - Transfer of drugs across the placenta. PMID- 7034005 TI - Actions and interactions of ethanol with drugs on intermediary metabolism. PMID- 7034006 TI - Non-invasive assessment of drug action in rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders. PMID- 7034007 TI - The use of fish in studying the behavioural effects of lithium. AB - Lithium effects have been observed on various aspects of the behaviour of fish, and in particular upon social aggregation, aggression, visual and lateral line sensory perception, memory, and alcohol tolerance. The results of these studies are reviewed and the findings related to a model of lithium action based upon attenuation of sensory information processing. PMID- 7034008 TI - Deglutition. PMID- 7034009 TI - Human platelet size, shape, and related functions in health and disease. PMID- 7034010 TI - Acid-base regulation and phospholipid adaptations to temperature: time courses and physiological significance of modifying the milieu for protein function. PMID- 7034011 TI - Rostral medial preoptic area lesions' influence on female estrous processes and LHRH distribution. PMID- 7034013 TI - The effect of prolonged ischemia time on osteocyte and osteoblast survival in composite bone grafts revascularized by microvascular anastomoses. AB - Twenty-six adult mongrel dogs were used to investigate the effect of prolonged ischemia on osteocyte and osteoblast survival in composite bone grafts revascularized by microvascular anastomoses. The bone grafts were stored in chilled (+5 degrees C) Collins-Terasaki solution, and ischemia time varied from 90 minutes to 48 hours. With histologic techniques and fluorochrome bone labeling it was shown that the bone marrow, the osteocytes, and the osteoblasts could completely survive up to 25 hours of ischemia. Although bone grafting techniques are employed routinely in many orthopedic and plastic surgical procedures, our knowledge is incomplete concerning the ischemic period tolerated by osteocytes and osteoblasts in these grafts. This information is essential when bone transfer on microvascular pedicles is employed, since 3 to 6 hours of ischemia time may be necessary in these operations. The present experiment has shown that osteocytes and osteoblasts can survive a rather long ischemic period if the medullary nutrient blood supply is later reconstituted. This fact adds validity to the technique of free vascularized bone grafts in reconstructive surgery. PMID- 7034012 TI - Improved fixation of the pigeon brain by transcardiac carotid catheterization. PMID- 7034014 TI - Juvenile leg ulceration in beta-thalassemia major and intermedia. AB - A series of 12 patients with beta-thalassemia who developed juvenile leg ulcers is described. The trophic skin changes and leg ulcers occurred after the age of 15 years. Usually the ulcer occurred after trauma over the predisposed medial aspect of the leg. In four out of seven females, the trophic changes deteriorated during or following pregnancy. The development of trophic changes and subsequent leg ulcers is not related to the severity of the anemia or to the patients' transfusion requirements, but may be related to high fetal hemoglobin concentration. The ulcers are slow to heal and tend to recur. Multiple skin grafting operations are required in order to achieve satisfactory coverage of the ulcers. Since tissue hypoxia may be the underlying pathophysiology, the use of topical hyperbaric oxygen chamber may be beneficial in the treatment of thalassemic leg ulcers. PMID- 7034015 TI - Silicone granuloma of the penis. AB - Injectable silicones have been applied to an undetermined number of men for penile augmentation. The practitioners of this art, whether lay or medical, have allegedly long discontinued treating penile size. In the literature to date, four men have been identified as having complications from this mode of therapy; three have had excisions of granulomatous masses secondary to the silicone; the third refused surgery. This paper reports an additional case of silicone granuloma of the penis, documented by biopsy, which necessitated two excisions to obtain a satisfactory size for copulation. Moreover, because of impotence, a Dow-Corning (Gerow design) penile prosthesis was inserted. The inflammatory response in this new case is identical to that found in other parts of the body, namely, multiple silicone droplets surrounded by multinucleated giant cells and chronic inflammatory cells. PMID- 7034016 TI - Dr. Paul Unna's boot and early ambulation after skin grafting the leg: a survey of burn centers and a report of 20 cases. PMID- 7034017 TI - Cancer invasiveness: immunofluorescent and ultrastructural methods of assessment. PMID- 7034018 TI - Comparative studies on the hemodynamic effects of prostaglandin E1 prostacyclin, and tolazoline upon elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in neonatal swine. AB - Forty-eight hour old anesthetised and ventilated neonatal piglets were cannulated in order to measure pressure, blood gases and cardiac outputs (CO) from which pulmonary (PVR) and systemic (SVR) vascular resistances were calculated. After baseline measurements had been made inspired gases were altered to produce hypoxemia and hypercapnia, to raise PVR. Animals then received Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), Tolazoline (TOL), and Prostacyclin (PGI2) in varying dosages until PVR was reduced or the dosage no longer tolerated. With "hypoxia" CO, PVR and pulmonary artery (PA) pressures rose; aortic pressure also rose although SVR tended to fall. PGE1 (5microgram/kg/min) and PGI2 (1.0 microgram/kg/min) both produced a significant fall in PVR. The decrease in PVR with TOL (1 mg/kg/10 minutes and 2 mg/kg/1 hour) was less consistent and in surviving animals did not achieve statistical significance by multivariate analysis. SVR fell with all drugs although the change with TOL was again non-significant. With both PGI2 and TOL there was a trend for CO to rise and, although this did not reach significant levels, it restricted the drop in arterial pressure to approximately control levels. The fall in arterial pressure with PGE1 was greater. The death rate with treatment with TOL was much higher than that seen with the other two drugs. Circulatory changes in a group of animals with normal blood gases treated with PGI2 (1 microgram/kg/min) were similar to those seen with the hypoxic group. PMID- 7034019 TI - Is PGI2 arrhythmogenic? Investigations on ouabain induced arrhythmias in cats. AB - The present study investigated the effect of PGI2 on ouabain induced arrhythmias in cats. PGI2 was infused at a dose of 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 microgram/kg . min. PGI2 in a dose of 1.0 microgram/kg . min was without any antiarrhythmic effect. Infusions of 2.0 and 5.0 microgram/kg . min PGI2 in 3 of 10 and 7 of 10 animals, respectively, converted the ouabain induced arrhythmias into a sinus rhythm. The duration of the antiarrhythmic effect after infusion of 2.0 microgram/kg . min lasted about 21 min, whereas the higher dose (5.0 microgram/kg . min) had a shorter effect (about 2 min). Under these conditions and doses the systolic blood pressure decreased between 35% and 39% and the diastolic blood pressure was reduced by about 50%. Thus PGI2 showed when used in the given dose range, an antiarrhythmic effect on ouabain induced arrhythmias in cats. The importance of dosage, methods and species is here discussed. PMID- 7034020 TI - Dissociation of vascular resistance with endocrine pancreas secretion: the effects of epoxymethano analogs of PGH2. AB - The epoxymethano analogs of PGH2 caused rapid and persistent increase in perfusion pressure in isolated rat pancreata without significant effect on glucagon and insulin secretory responses to PGH2 and PGE2. The changes in perfusion pressure are interpreted as alterations in vascular resistance since the flow rate was kept constant at 2.5 mL per min. PGH2 alone caused significant elevation in pressure. However, PGH2 administration superimposed upon an infused epoxymethano analog of PGH2, decreased perfusion pressure significantly, whereas PGH2 induced hormone release was not decreased. The analogs neither stimulated nor inhibited the endocrine pancreas secretion. These studies provide evidence for complete dissociation of vascular constriction from pancreatic hormone release and further suggest that the effects of PGH2 on islet hormone secretion may result from the conversion of PGH2 to other prostanoids. PMID- 7034021 TI - Response of the soft tissue microcirculation to prostacyclin infusion. AB - We studied the effect of prostacyclin infusion on the soft tissue microcirculation. We used lymph flow QL and the lymph/plasma L/P protein ratio to reflect transvascular fluid flux and changes in microvascular hydrostatic pressure, Pmv. Unanesthetized sheep with prefemoral lymph fistulae were infused with PGI2 (0.2 microgram/kg/min) for two hours. Changes in QL and L/P were compared to animals in which Pmv was increased by volume loading. During PGI2, QL was significantly increased, as was cardiac output while mean aortic pressure decreased. The L/P ratio did not decrease to the degree seen with a comparable increase in QL, due to an increase in Pmv. The increase in QL was most likely due to an increase in microvascular surface area. QL remained significantly increased for several hours after infusion and L/P decreased to the same degree as seen with an increase in Pmv. This indicates that Pmv is increased for several hours in soft tissue after infusion, due to a relative increase in venous resistance probably secondary to activation of the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 7034022 TI - Platelets of spontaneously hypertensive rats are not abnormally sensitive to PGI2. PMID- 7034024 TI - Tetrahydroisoquinolines: a review. PMID- 7034023 TI - Prostacyclin effect on cardiovascular system in man evaluated by echocardiography. AB - This was an echocardiographic study of the cardiovascular effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) infused intravenously to human volunteers at the rate of 20 ng . kg-1 . min-1 for 10 minutes. The following parameters were recorded in the steady state, at one-minute intervals throughout infusion and the ensuing recovery period: systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure (SBP, DBP, MBP); heart rate (HR); left ventricle end-diastolic (EDD) and end-systolic diameter (ESD); stroke volume index (SVI); cardiac index (CI); peripheral vascular resistance (PVR); left ventricle fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF). We detected a progressive reduction of MBP without any HR modification. MBP reduction was associated with a reduction of PVR and a parallel rise of CI and SVI. There was also an increase of FS and EF reflecting a reduced ESD. We conclude that PGI2 infused in man at the rate stated above causes hypotension reflecting an arterial vasodilating effect; a lack of heart rate reflex response to afterload reduction (probably a nerve-mediated effect of PGI2); and no venous vasodilation, judging from the absence of any change in end-diastolic diameter. PMID- 7034026 TI - Britain between the wars: the historical context of Bowlby's theory of attachment. AB - As developmental psychology "comes of age," there is increasing interest in tracing the history of thought and research concerning children (Lomax, Kagan, and Rosenkrantz 1978; Sears 1975; Senn 1975). Such an enterprise offers the possibility of providing not only a descriptive chronicle of personal or anecdotal interest, but a basis for insights into how our ideas have been shaped by the cultural context in which they were developed. It is, for instance, by now commonplace to note that much of Freud's thought should be seen in the context of 19th-century Vienna, and that many of his perceptions may have been correct for the individuals he observed although they may fail as immutable observations of human behavior in general (see, e.g., Mitchell 1974). The present paper explores the cultural and historical context of another major theorist of child development, John Bowlby. The early origins of Bowlby's theory are sought in events set in train in Britain by the First World War, and occurring during the interwar period. This may surprise readers who think of Bowlby's work as beginning with the WHO Report (Bowlby 1951) and consequently as related to the Second World War, to observations by Burlingham and Freud (1942, 1944) of children separated from their families, and to Spitz's (Spitz and Wolf 1946) work on infants in foundling homes and orphanages. But formulations in the WHO report clearly appear in Bowlby's work before World War II and are also evident in the writings of Klein (1935, 1940) and Suttie (1935), who were working on themes first drawn into focus during the first World War. In a personal interview, Bowlby identified 1929 as the time when he was first struck by the importance of separation in children's lives. Thus, this paper focuses on the effect of the "Great War" on psychoanalytic thought and, more generally, on psychiatry in Britain. PMID- 7034025 TI - A comparative study of the therapeutic effect and cardiotoxicity of dothiepin HCl and doxepin HCl in reactive depression. PMID- 7034029 TI - Dementia, depression and the CT scan. PMID- 7034028 TI - (Des-tyrosine1)-gamma-endorphin in schizophrenia: clinical, biochemical, and hormonal aspects. AB - The neuropeptide (des-tyrosine1)-gamma-endorphin (DT gamma E; beta-LPH 62-77) was given to 10 schizophrenic patients who had been free of neuroleptic medication for at least 3 weeks. DT gamma E was injected intramuscularly in a dose of 1 mg daily for 10 days following a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design. In 4 of the 10 patients a pronounced antipsychotic effect was observed; in 3 a temporary or slight reduction of psychotic symptoms occurred; and in 3 no response was noted. DT gamma E led to decreased plasma levels of prolactin and in some patients to increased concentrations of homovanillic acid in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Neither plasma levels of growth hormone and cortisol nor CSF concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were affected by DT gamma E. These data confirm that DT gamma E has antipsychotic properties in a number of schizophrenic patients and suggest an interaction between DT gamma E and central dopaminergic systems. PMID- 7034027 TI - EEG sleep patterns in schizophrenic patients undergoing hemodialysis. AB - All-night electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep studies were obtained before and during a double-blind clinical trial of hemodialysis in six schizophrenic patients with normal renal functioning. No significant changes were observed in either clinical status or sleep, except for a significant reduction in rapid eye movement (REM) density, a measure of the number of eye movements per minute of REM sleep. PMID- 7034030 TI - Stupor: a conceptual history. PMID- 7034031 TI - The Schreber case and affective illness: a research diagnostic re-assessment. AB - A significant part of Schreber's illness up to the time of his dramatic "schizophrenic switch in February 1894 has been systematically re-evaluated in terms of the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and of certain additional phenomenological characteristics. On this basis it seems that Schreber suffered from a severe major psychotic depressive disorder with tendencies towards bipolarity for the period in question. A more global, non-systematic RDC-oriented interpretation is then offered for the remaining course of the illness until Schreber's death in 1911. PMID- 7034032 TI - Current evidence for a role of glucose as a regulator of hypothalamic function and caloric homeostasis. PMID- 7034033 TI - Effect of metergoline on the diurnal prolactin responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in normal men. PMID- 7034035 TI - Short-term dynamic psychotherapy: its history, its impact and its future. AB - Short-term dynamic psychotherapy is successful for the healthier patient, but also for the individual with severe and chronic problems. The author surveys the history of brief intervention since Freud. Despite favorable outcomes, there has been a lack of interest for short-term dynamic therapy. Analysts, emphasizing on long-term analysis, failed to distinguish between developing theory and treatment. Since the mid-fifties interest for short-term techniques has increased. Research is resulting in criteria for selection and outcome. Utilized are active techniques, as transference interpretation, in dealing with specified foci. Successful outcome is obtained in oedipal problems, grief reactions, obessive compulsive illnesses, multiple phobias and some boderline disorders. In future, research is necessary on differentiation between patients, on comparison between treatment methods, and on technical factors, next to education and training. PMID- 7034034 TI - A review of the alexithymia concept. AB - Alexithymia is a term meaning "no words for mood." It has been applied to patients who have marked difficulty in verbal expression of emotions and limited ability to use fantasy. These patients often have psychosomatic illnesses and tend to do poorly in traditional dynamic psychotherapy. The concept is discussed from an historical perspective and its current status in the understanding of psychosomatic illness is assessed. The alexithymia literature is critically reviewed with a focus on definition, measurement, etiological speculations, and the relevance of alexithymia to the psychotherapeutic process. The alexithymic concept has much to offer heuristically, but most of the literature to date has been anecdotal and theoretical, with few research investigations. Suggestions are made for future research that could serve to validate the concept and provide answers to questions regarding symptom formation and psychological problems. PMID- 7034036 TI - Can free energy transduction be localized at some crucial part of the enzymatic cycle? AB - Free energy transfer from one small molecule (ligand, substrate, etc.) to another can in general be comprehended only in terms of complete kinetic cycles, not in terms of an individual transition in the cycle, or of a single 'energized' state in the cycle, or of binding strengths of the small molecules on the enzyme, or of their standard chemical potentials when bound. The reason these latter approaches fail is that the enzyme molecule is as much a specific participant in the step by step proceedings as are the small molecules; small molecule free energies cannot be separated from enzyme contributions or, in general, from each other except at the complete cycle level. It is possible to follow the 'flow' of the total free energy of enzyme + small molecules among various subdivisions or categories, as the system proceeds through the states of the transducing cycle. These categories can be understood in molecular terms but several of them involve the enzyme in a way that is inseparable from the small molecules. Hence this procedure also, does not allow localization within the cycle of the supposed point of transfer of free energy from one small molecule to another. PMID- 7034037 TI - Magnetic field effects on photosynthetic reactions. PMID- 7034038 TI - Studies on possible genetic effects of microwaves in procaryotic and eucaryotic cells. AB - The biological effects of microwaves in the hyperfrequency range, 9,4 GHz, and 70 75 GHz were investigated in bacteria and yeast. At power densities below 60 mW/cm2 and SAR values not exceeding 28 mW/g no significant effects on survival of repair competent an deficient strains were observed in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, microwaves of 17 GHz did not induce mutations in E. coli B/r WP2 trp- uvr- above the spontaneous level, and the induction of nuclear reversions, cytoplasmic "petite" mutations and mitotic recombination as well as the efficiency of sporulation was not affected in yeast. PMID- 7034039 TI - [Photobiological aspects of bacterial radiation injury]. PMID- 7034040 TI - [Carbohydrate and energy metabolic changes in the intestinal radiation syndrome]. PMID- 7034041 TI - [Morphological characteristics of the radiation lesion of the small intestine mucosa in irradiated mice treated with homologous bone marrow administration]. PMID- 7034042 TI - The neuropathic joint: a neurovascular bone disorder. AB - The pathogenesis of the neuropathic joint has long been a subject of controversy. Two main theories have evolved: (1) the neurotraumatic theory, which states that the changes result from repeated mechanical trauma to a joint that is insensitive to pain, and (2) the neurovascular theory, which states that the changes result from a neurally initiated vascular reflex that leads to hyperemia and very active bone resorption by osteoclasts. Through clinical, radiographic, and pathologic observation, it is evident that both theories play a role. Initially, the alteration of sympathetic control triggers a persistent hyperemia, leading to active bone resorption. There may or may not be secondary pathologic fractures and subsequent repair. This depends upon whether the joint is insensitive and whether it is subjected to continued weight-bearing; if so, then the neurotraumatic mechanism comes into play, but only secondarily. PMID- 7034043 TI - Rachitic and osteomalacic syndromes. AB - Today, the radiologist must not only be familiar with the radiologic features of rickets and osteomalacia, but should also have some understanding of the newer metabolic concepts. This article highlights advances in vitamin D metabolism, discusses the structural pathology of rickets and osteomalacia, correlates these changes with the radiographic appearance of these syndromes, and suggests a practical radiologic approach to them. PMID- 7034044 TI - Radionuclide bone imaging. AB - Radionuclide bone imaging of the skeleton, now well established as the most important diagnostic procedure in detecting bone metastases, is also a reliable method for the evaluation of the progression or regression of metastatic bone disease. The article concentrates on the technetium-99m agents and the value of these agents in the widespread application of low-dose radioisotope scanning in such bone diseases as metastasis, osteomyelitis, trauma, osteonecrosis, and other abnormal skeletal conditions. PMID- 7034045 TI - Histopathologic subclassification of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma and response to therapy. AB - In 55 patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (Stages I-IV), the disease was subclassified as large cleaved-cell (17 patients), large noncleaved-cell (12 patients), mixed follicular-center cell (14 patients), blastic (6 patients), and pleomorphic pyroninophilic (6 patients). Two-year survival rates for these subclasses were 47%, 42%, 64%, 17%, and 33%, respectively, suggesting that histopathologic subclass is an important prognostic factor in diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. The mean tumor dose that produced local control in 22 patients who were treated with radiation therapy alone was 4,834 rad (48.34 Gy), whereas the mean tumor dose for local control when chemotherapy was used in combination with radiation therapy (16 patients) was 3,679 rad (36.79 Gy). This suggests that when chemotherapy is used with radiation therapy, a lower tumor dose will be sufficient to achieve local control than when radiation therapy is used alone. In addition, 43% of the patients who presented with an intra-abdominal primary lymphoma experienced local failure following treatment. It is recommended that patients who present with an abdominal primary tumor be treated aggressively with combined modality therapy whenever feasible. PMID- 7034046 TI - An improved technique for axillary phlebography. PMID- 7034047 TI - Physiologic and pharmacologic determinants of vasodilator response: a conceptual framework for rational drug therapy for chronic heart failure. AB - This article has attempted to summarize the increasing number of pharmacologic and physiologic variables that are being recognized as important determinants in the response to vasodilator therapy in patients with severe chronic heart failure. It is apparent that a careful consideration of many factors is necessary before proper selection of a specific drug can be made for a specific patient, since not all patients with refractory heart failure demonstrate beneficial hemodynamic and clinical responses to all agents. Each patient presents us with a unique set of physiologic variables; each drug has its own advantages and limitations. Identification of those subgroups of patients most likely to benefit from a specific agent or combination of agents is a major goal for future research. Although a number of hemodynamic variables can be made to improve acutely with a wide variety of vasodilator drugs, well tolerated sustained meaningful clinical benefits are probably observed in relatively few patients. Rational and successful vasodilator therapy is possible only through a highly individualized approach. PMID- 7034048 TI - Effectiveness of long-term vasodilator administration in the treatment of chronic left ventricular failure. PMID- 7034049 TI - Nitrogen and energy availabilities in foods and feeds subjected to heating. PMID- 7034050 TI - Physiological and safety aspects of Maillard browning of foods. PMID- 7034051 TI - The Maillard reaction in food; a critical review from the nutritional standpoint. PMID- 7034052 TI - The human locus coeruleus in neurology and psychiatry. (Parkinson's, Lewy body, Hallervorden-Spatz, Alzheimer's and Korsakoff's disease, (pre)senile dementia, schizophrenia, affective disorders, psychosis). PMID- 7034053 TI - Release of prostaglandin I2-like activity from the rat aorta: effect of captopril, furosemide, and sodium. AB - The effect of captopril, furosemide, indomethacin and intake of sodium on the production of PGI2-like material was studied in the rat aorta. Release of PGI2 like material from these vessels was estimated by its ability to inhibit ADP induced platelet aggregation. Pretreatment with indomethacin (15 mg/kg/day) reduced the capacity of the aorta to release PGI2-like material. Pretreatment with captopril (10 mg/kg/day) had no effect. Intravenous furosemide (60 microgram/ml plasma volume) increased the capacity of the aorta to inhibit by 28% (p less than 0.25). The inhibitory capacity of aorta removed from rats on a low sodium diet did not differ from those on a high sodium diet. We conclude that the action of furosemide in reducing vascular tone may be related to stimulation of PGI2 synthesis in blood vessels whereas the effect of captopril and sodium in reducing vascular tone may involve a mechanism unrelated to PGI2 synthesis or may involve the synthesis of a prostaglandin other than PGI2. PMID- 7034054 TI - Spontaneous motility and prostaglandin generation in rat uterine horns isolated during the estrous cycle. AB - Measurements were made of spontaneous contractions and release of prostaglandin E and F-like material into the bathing medium by uterine horns isolated from rats in different stages of the sex cycle. After 70 min of contractile activity the preparations from estrous rats released more PGF than those from proestrous or metestrous rats. On the other hand, similar amounts of PGF-like material is generated by estrous and diestrous horns. Less PGE-like material was found in the bathing solution during estrus than in metestrus or diestrus; the values obtained during proestrus were similar to those in estrus. PGI2 like material produced by chopped uterine tissue was greater during diestrus than in estrus. The initial isometric developed tension (IDI) and tension constancy varied depending of the stage of the sex cycle. Uteri from metestrous rats exhibited greater IDT and less % change with time than preparations from estrous or proestrous rats. The initial IDT, the tension change with time and contractile frequency correlate with the PGE-like material in the bathing solution during the 4 days of the sex cycle. There was no correlation with PGF-like material. PMID- 7034055 TI - Ductus arteriosus closure may result from suppression of prostacyclin synthetase by an intrinsic hydroperoxy fatty acid. AB - Fetal sheep ductus arteriosus readily synthesizes prostacyclin from exogenous prostaglandin endoperoxides, and in the presence of high oxygen tension, this synthesis is markedly suppressed. Fetal aorta and pulmonary artery also synthesize prostacyclin; however, this synthesis is much less suppressed by high oxygen tension. We propose that ductal closure may be regulated by the oxygen dependent synthesis of hydroperoxy fatty acid which would block the production of the vasodilatory prostacyclin and expose the direct contractile properties of intrinsic prostaglandin endoperoxide. This mechanism would result in ductal closure at birth. PMID- 7034056 TI - [Radioactive consumer products (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034057 TI - [Dental society of Rio de la Plata: period 1899-1902]. PMID- 7034058 TI - [Anatomopathological aspects of aspiration pneumonia caused by hydrochloric acid. Experimental study in dogs]. PMID- 7034059 TI - [Effect of progesterone on lactation and post-partum infertility]. PMID- 7034060 TI - [Studies on M. leprae isolated from the lymph of a lepromatous patient using the freeze-fracture technic]. PMID- 7034061 TI - [Infection by beta-hemolytic streptococci. I. Relation of antistreptolysin O titers and the isolation of the micro-organism in healthy and rheumatic individuals]. PMID- 7034062 TI - [Centenary of the discovery of the agent transmitting yellow fever]. PMID- 7034063 TI - [Effect of temperature on cultures of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say) in the laboratory]. PMID- 7034064 TI - [Preliminary study of an ideal culture medium for increasing the sensitivity of antibiograms]. PMID- 7034065 TI - [Survey of dengue in Cuba. 1978-1979]. PMID- 7034067 TI - [Interesting and anecdotal facts about the Cuban scholar Carlos J. Finlay, discoverer of the transmitting agent of yellow fever]. PMID- 7034066 TI - [Bacteriuria in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7034068 TI - [Report of Leishmania (Zoomastigophorea: Kinetoplastida) in Anolis lucius in Cuba]. PMID- 7034069 TI - [Fluvial mollusks of Santa Clara and their medical importance]. PMID- 7034070 TI - [Study of a group of patients with African trypanosomiasis]. PMID- 7034071 TI - [Listeriosis. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 7034072 TI - [Serology for determining syphilis among Hansen's patients in the municipality of Plaza de la Revolucion during 1970]. PMID- 7034073 TI - [Finding of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the cerebrospinal fluid of a boy with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 7034074 TI - [Dengue. Clinicoserological study in mothers and newborn infants. Preliminary study]. PMID- 7034075 TI - [Critical evaluation of the Roach retainer with T-modifications. Its justification]. PMID- 7034076 TI - [In Colombia: the brain that knows more about medicine]. PMID- 7034077 TI - [Dr. Alvaro Delgado Morales]. PMID- 7034078 TI - [Influence of Laennec's work on Italian medicine]. PMID- 7034079 TI - [True and false prevention of coronary disease]. PMID- 7034080 TI - [Endocrine changes in hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 7034081 TI - [Acute clinidine intoxication. Critical review]. PMID- 7034082 TI - [Current concepts concerning insulin resistance]. PMID- 7034083 TI - [Radioimmunoassay in determination of pepsinogen I in the blood: new diagnostic test of gastric function. Personal results and review of literature]. PMID- 7034084 TI - [Bone marrow transplant in acute hemopathies. Clinical experience and current trends]. PMID- 7034085 TI - [Usefulness and risks of the ergonovine maleate test in cardiology]. PMID- 7034086 TI - [Interaction between theophylline and cimetidine]. PMID- 7034087 TI - Studies on the catabolism of the hydroxylysine-linked disaccharide units of basement membranes and collagens: isolation and characterization of a new rat kidney alpha-glucosidase of high specificity. PMID- 7034088 TI - Glomerular basement membrane injury by neutrophil and monocyte neutral proteinases. AB - Human peripheral blood leucocytes known to be present in the glomeruli of patients with certain forms of clinical glomerulonephritis have been investigated for their proteinase content and their ability to degrade glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) and monocytes, but not lymphocytes, contain neutral proteinases which extensively degrade GBM at physiological pH. Inhibitor studies indicate that the enzymes responsible are serine-type proteinases. The relative susceptibilities of the GBM to proteolytic attack showed that the monocyte preparation was considerably more active than the PMN neutral proteinases. The monocyte preparation also showed the ability to degrade GBM at acid pH. Lymphocytes had no effect on GBM either at acid or neutral pH. The possibility that the lysosomal proteinase of monocytes and PMNs are implicated in the damage to the GBM in glomerulonephritis is suggested. PMID- 7034089 TI - Evidence that kidney lysosomal proteinases degrade the collagen of glomerular basement membrane. AB - Three thiol-dependent tissue proteinases have been isolated from human kidney cortex by methods using detergent extraction, gel chromatography, affinity chromatography and separation by ion-exchange. The properties of each enzyme toward several chromogenic low molecular weight substrates, azocasein and collagen indicate that they are similar to cathepsins B, H and L. All three enzymes degrade glomerular basement membrane at acid pH. Cathepsin B and L were particularly active against glomerular basement membrane. It has been demonstrated that in liver these enzymes exist together in lysosomes. These properties indicate that the kidney thiol proteinases may be an important factor in the turnover of glomerular basement membrane. PMID- 7034090 TI - Proteolytic degradation of the glomerular basement membrane and immunochemical characterization of split products. AB - Glomerular basement membranes (GBM) were isolated and subjected to enzymatic degradation with the protease trypsin (Serva), chymotrypsin (Serva), papain (Sigma), pepsin (Serva) and collagenase (Worthington) as well as a lysosomal preparation from glass adherent rat blood and peritoneal exudate cells. Split products were characterized by immunoelectrophoresis and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Urine was obtained from healthy rats and rats with Masugi's experimental glomerulonephritis, dialyzed and concentrated and applied on immunoelectrophoresis, using anti-GBM antibody from rabbit. Urinary GBM split products from healthy and nephrotic rats showed two precipitation lines like digestion products obtained after chymotrypsin degradation. This finding was supported by characterizing individual antigenic degradation products obtained after inhibition of GBM degradation by the lysosomal preparation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and Trasylol alone and in combination, as well as with o-phenanthrolin. It is concluded that GBM-antigens excreted into urine indicate limited digestion of GBM by chymotrypsin-type protease. PMID- 7034091 TI - Preparation and histoarchitecture of ultrastructurally pure glomerular basement membrane. AB - Our recent morphological studies showed that basement membranes isolated from renal tubules tended to collapse and form folded sheets while glomerular basement membranes were more resilient. In an effort to study the shapes of various isolated basement membranes in undissociated tissues, a method was developed to remove all cellular elements and leave the extracellular matrix and associated basement membranes intact. Accordingly, transplant quality human kidneys were harvested, perfused with Collin's medium and transported to the laboratory on ice. The renal cortex was then peeled away by blunt dissection, further minced to 2 mm3 and placed in 1 mM EDTA (with gentle intermittent stirring) for 72 h at 4 degrees C. Solubilization of cellular materials was carried out by successive washings with 3% Triton X-100, 0.025% DNAse and 1-4% sodium deoxycholate (all with gentle stirring or shaking at 22 degrees C). Each solution contained 0.1% sodium azide. At the level of fine structure, glomerular, tubular, Bowman's capsular and peritubular capillary basement membranes all maintained their respective shapes and did not collapse. Glomerular basement membrane was particularly striking in this regard and exhibited an open, lobulated form that closely resembled its in vivo histoarchitecture. Moreover, when the acellular tissue blocks were prepared for scanning electron microscopic observation, the glomerular basement membranes exposed at the surface of the block showed a remarkable structural rigidity. These basement membranes were free-standing, convoluted electron-dense sheets, continuous with highly folded central mesangial regions. It seems significant that glomerular basement membranes maintain their in vivo conformation irrespective of the presence of other extracellular matrix components while removal of these materials by organ subfractionation results in folding and general shapelessness of tubular basement membrane. It is possible that in addition to its unique role in filtration, glomerular basement membrane may also serve to preserve glomerular shape, regardless of changing cell populations or alterations in hydrostatic pressures. PMID- 7034092 TI - Morphological heterogeneity of isolated renal basement membranes. PMID- 7034093 TI - Structural organization of heterogeneous basal laminas in human glomeruli. AB - Differential response to 5 M guanidine, pH 7.0, shows at least two classes of glomerular basal laminas: epithelial and endothelial-mesangial. The former is the predominant element, folding into capillary tufts and loops but never completely encircle the entire circumference of glomerular capillaries. It remains as a single, continuous sheet within each glomerulus. The mesangial basal lamina partitions the vascular space into individual capillary lumen. The endothelial basal lamina, which extends from mesangium to encircle capillary lumens, is poorly developed, and undetectable in most capillaries. The organization of these two classes of basal laminas provides a structural framework for understanding glomerular permeability, especially the spatial relationship between capillary lumens and the mesangium. Interruption of the juxtaglomerular epithelial basal lamina, with sprouting of a new endothelial-mesangial bud, and formation of a new glomerular capillary tuft are noted in a group of patients with diabetic glomerulosclerosis and chronic renal failure. Wrinkling and resorption of the juxtamesangial epithelial basal lamina with formation of a new epithelial basal lamina are also observed. These findings indicate that the mesangium and the juxtamesangial epithelial basal lamina may be the active site of glomerular basal lamina resorption, turnover, and neoangiogenesis. PMID- 7034094 TI - Glomerular lesions in patients with late-onset cystinosis with massive proteinuria. AB - 3 siblings--2 brothers aged 18 and 13 years, and 1 sister, aged 11 years--with adolescent or late-onset cystinosis presented with massive proteinuria. At the time their glomerular filtration rate was normal or only modestly diminished. Though glomerular injury was evident, renal tubular functional abnormalities were also present. Renal biopsy revealed histopathologic features typical of the nephropathic form of cystinosis with the Fanconi syndrome: polykaryocytosis, varying degrees of glomerular sclerosis, thickening and reduplication of basement membrane, fused foot processes, dilated tubules with altered epithelial cell features, and interstitial fibrosis. Fine granular deposits of C3 and IgM are irregularly distributed in the glomeruli, findings which have not been described in cystinosis. These deposits are possibly immune complexes being deposited in the glomeruli unrelated to the cystine-storage disease or they may represent a localized activation of the complement system induced by the glomerular injury of cystinosis. PMID- 7034095 TI - On the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis: a clinico-pathological study indicating that neutrophils attack and degrade glomerular basement membrane. AB - Lysosomal proteinase activity was assayed in urines from 157 patients with renal disease. 16 were found to be excreting acid and neutral proteinases. 15 of these 16 had a severe proliferative glomerulonephritis with polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) infiltration of the glomeruli. These same 16 patients excreted excess quantities of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antigen. Only urines with neutral proteinase activity were capable of degrading GBM in vitro. Clinical recovery was accompanied by disappearance of both proteinases and excess GBM fragments from the urine. Detailed studies on one patient showed that the neutral proteinase activity was, at least in part, due to PMN lysosomal elastase. Calculation shows that in these patients enough PMN neutral proteinase was present in the glomeruli to cause significant GBM damage. PMID- 7034096 TI - Reduced susceptibility of nonenzymatically glucosylated glomerular basement membrane to proteases: is thickening of diabetic glomerular basement membranes due to reduced proteolytic degradation? AB - Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) preparations were enzymatically glucosylated and applied to proteolytic degradation by several enzymes. The split products were then characterized and quantitatively estimated by high pressure liquid chromatography. For this purpose, GBMs were isolated by a sieving and sonication method, incubated with glucose and digested with the proteases trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, pepsin and a lysosomal preparation. Comparison of the concentrations of split products obtained by proteolytic degradation of normal and nonenzymatically glucosylated membranes showed a remarkable reduced susceptibility of the nonenzymatically glucosylated membranes, possibly due to steric hindrance or altered electrical charge of the glucosylated membrane proteins. This could be interpreted as an additional factor for accumulation of basement membrane material in the diabetic state, that not only increased basement membrane synthesis may occur but also reduced catabolism could possibly contribute to the diabetic changes. PMID- 7034097 TI - Glomerular basement membrane: its antigenicity evaluated by antistreptococcal cell membrane antisera. AB - Rabbit antistreptococcal membrane antisera have been demonstrated to cross-react with both human and mouse glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Though some antisera may display broad antimammalian tissue, specificity select sera were found that were specific for the GBM. The antigenicity of the GBM was also shown to change with age where certain antisera reacted with adult tissue but not with young and vice versa. Two key periods were demonstrated, one starting at about 10 days and another at about 3 months. One in vitro, indirect fluorescent antibody testing the young tissue (10-20 days) was often more reactive than older tissue. By in vivo testing these same antisera showed greater activity in animals older than 3 months. These results establish that these antisera may serve as a vital adjunct to all antisera for recognition of specific GBM antigens. PMID- 7034098 TI - Specific insulin receptors in rat renal glomeruli. AB - The kidney is a major site of pathologic complications in diabetes mellitus including those affecting the basement membrane. Although several hypotheses of the etiology of renal diabetic microangiopathy involve effects of insulin on basement membrane metabolism, little is known about the localization or properties of insulin receptors in isolated renal glomeruli. We have incubated isolated glomeruli and tubules with 125I-insulin and examined the binding of the hormone to these purified renal subfractions. Glomeruli and tubules exhibited specific binding of 125I-insulin at 22 degrees C which increased with time and protein concentration. Nonspecific binding accounted for 20-35% of the total binding observed. At a concentration of 1 ng/ml 125I-insulin specific binding reached a plateau within 60-90 min at 22 degrees C. Unlabeled insulin competitively displaced 125I-insulin from its binding sites with 2.8 x 10(-9) M insulin inhibiting half of the initial binding to glomeruli while a 10-fold higher concentration of unlabeled insulin was required to achieve a similar inhibition of tubular binding. Insulin analogues were less potent than insulin itself in inhibiting the binding of 125I-insulin to both glomeruli and tubules in the order of relative potency: insulin greater than despentapeptide insulin greater than proinsulin indicating the specificity of the binding. Scatchard analysis of the competition binding data of 125I-insulin to glomeruli and tubules was consistent with two distinct binding sites and/or negative cooperativity between one class of receptor sites. The binding of 125I-insulin to the glomerular receptor(s) exhibited a higher affinity than that to the tubular receptor(s) which had a greater binding capacity. These two subunits of the nephron, therefore, contain insulin receptors with different binding properties which may serve different functions. PMID- 7034099 TI - Net insulin secretion and IRI response to 1 mg glucose during OGTT. AB - Dogs in postabsorbtive state were anesthetized with IV nembutal. Their femoral arteries were catheterized, and the abdomens were entered via a midline incision. A small branch of the pancreatic artery and a corresponding small vein were catheterized. 133Xe was injected through the artery, and the the pancreatic blood flow rate (PBFR) was determined. Net insulin secretion was calculated using the insulin concentration of pancreatic vein-artery difference and pancreatic plasma flow rate (PPFR). After control studies an oral glucose tolerance test (2 g/kg body wt.) was performed. Under control studies the mean value of net insulin secretion was 3,753.2 +/- 699.1 microunits/100 g P/min and the maximum values were 10,610.2 +/- 3,658.7 and 11,108.0 +/- 2,852.6 microunits/100 g P/min at 20 and 60 min after glucose loading, respectively (P less than 0.05). Insulin response per mg of glucose was 83.2 +/- 12.2 microunits under control conditions. Twenty minutes after glucose loading this figure rose to 173.4 +/- 41.7 microunits/mg glucose and at 60 min 207.9 +/- 49.2 microunits/mg glucose. PMID- 7034100 TI - Within-day variations in the composition of maternal and fetal plasma from catheterised ewes fed once daily or at hourly intervals during late pregnancy. AB - Within-day variations in the concentrations of glucose, fructose, lactate, urea, insulin, thyroxine, corticosteroids and individual amino acids in maternal and fetal plasma from 12 Scottish Blackface ewes between 125 and 134 days of pregnancy were examined during a period of six days. In six ewes maintained on an adequate diet given at hourly intervals the concentrations of almost all the plasma constituents remained within the limits of analytical error during the period of observation. The advantages of this method of feeding in attaining the 'steady state' commonly required for kinetic experiments using isotopically labelled metabolites are discussed. In six ewes given similar rations but fed once daily substantial postprandial changes occurred in both maternal and fetal plasma composition and persisted for at least 15 hours after feeding. In maternal plasma the concentrations of glucose, lactate, insulin, thyroxine, alanine, glutamic acid, glutamine and asparagine increased after feeding and the concentrations of urea, glycine, taurine, citrulline and the essential amino acids decreased. Changes in fetal plasma were generally similar but some differences from maternal plasma, mainly in the timing and duration of postprandial changes, suggested that fetal plasma composition was primarily affected by factors within the fetus. Only six amino acids gave significant correlations between their maternal and fetal plasma concentrations. It is suggested that maternal effects on fetal amino acid metabolism and possibly protein turnover are imposed indirectly through an autonomous fetal endocrine response stimulated in part by variations in the supply of glucose from the mother. PMID- 7034101 TI - Relationships of capripox viruses found in Kenya with two Middle Eastern strains and some orthopox viruses. PMID- 7034102 TI - [Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of the vascular resistance of chronic heart failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034103 TI - [Comparative double-blind trial of diclophenac-sodium and naproxen in hip arthrosis]. PMID- 7034104 TI - [Achievements of the Institute of Rheumatology in the fields of diagnosis and treatment of systemic connective tissue diseases]. PMID- 7034105 TI - [Effect of cuprenil (D-penicillamine) treatment on the clinical course of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7034106 TI - [Restorative procedures for endodontically treated teeth (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034107 TI - [Variability of the mandibular rest position]. PMID- 7034108 TI - [Heterologous activity of bacteriocins of Klebsiella pneumoniae]. PMID- 7034109 TI - [Lysis of eubacteria by eubacteria from soil]. PMID- 7034110 TI - [Otomycosis in the south of Chile]. PMID- 7034111 TI - [Acute phase insulin secretion in women with known familial diabetes mellitus and large neonates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034112 TI - [Host defense mechanisms in systemic candidiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034113 TI - [Eloisa Diaz MD (1866-1950): 100 years since the first Chilean woman was admitted to the University (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034114 TI - [Medical management of intracranial hypertension in severe head injuries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034115 TI - [Important aspects of diabetes in children for the practitioner]. PMID- 7034116 TI - [Thrombo-embolytic prophylaxis using physiotherapy with and without low doses of heparin in gynecology and obstetrics. Results of a controlled and randomized mult cancer study]. PMID- 7034117 TI - [Hermilio Valdizan and Peruvian psychiatry]. PMID- 7034118 TI - [Brief psychodynamic psychotherapy in the decade of the eighties]. PMID- 7034119 TI - [2 commemorations: Charles Foix, Ion T. Nicolesco]. PMID- 7034120 TI - [Honorio Delgado and Peruvian psychiatry]. PMID- 7034121 TI - [The boundary between psychiatry and biological therapeutics]. PMID- 7034122 TI - [Occlusion of the basilar artery. A review with 17 personal cases (author's transl)]. AB - Occlusion of the basilar artery is mainly of atherosclerotic origin; embolic occlusion, dissecting aneurysm, trauma and arteritis are less frequent. Pathologic and angiographic findings allow to classify basilar artery occlusions in three types: segmental (superior, medial or inferior), plurisegmental and extensive. The infarcted areas involve brain stem, especially pons and cerebellum, also diencephalon and cerebral hemispheres, in various combinations. Clinically, there is typically a prodromic stage, with transient ischemic attacks (vertigo, headaches, visual disturbances, motor deficit). Few weeks later, a decreased level of consciousness and motor anomalies are the most important signs. A fatal outcome is noted in 85,98 p. 100. Among laboratory examinations, only angiography proves the occlusion: it also shows the arterial supply (carotido-basilar reflux; inter-cerebellar anastomosis). Computed tomography usually eliminates an expanding mass of the posterior fossa. Management is only of general type. Surgical management of carotid arteries stenosis may ameliorate the anastomotic flow. PMID- 7034123 TI - [Removable partial dentures in maxillofacial prosthetics]. PMID- 7034124 TI - [Severe infections in newborn infants due to genital bacterial]. PMID- 7034125 TI - [Ability of isoelectric focusing to separate antitetanus antibodies in venous blood]. AB - In a previous study, we have showed a great heterogeneity of antitetanus antibodies using polyacrylamide thin layer isoelectrofocusing. In this study, we have improved the resolution of the focused antitetanus antibodies by electrofocusing in sucrose density gradients, which is a suitable procedure for preparative work. After isoelectrofocusing the elution is performed according to any pH variation. For each fraction, we have determined pH, absorbance at 280 nm, protein level by method of Lowry, IgG concentration using immunonephelometric method and antitetanus antibodies concentration by radioimmunoassay. Furthermore, the purity of each fraction is verified by polyacrylamide slab gel isoelectrofocusing. It is concluded that the isoelectric point of antitetanus antibodies is alkaline range between 7.5 and 8.5. This precise knowledge could afford an opportunity for the industrial preparation of antitetanus antibodies. PMID- 7034126 TI - [Diagnostic accuracy of biopsy and endoscopic cytology in cancer of the esophagus and stomach. Experience and analysis of error factors]. AB - The definitive diagnosis of esophageal and gastric carcinoma rests upon histological confirmation of the lesion and it is one of the basis for planning the proper treatment. With the advent of exfoliative citology in 1947 the possibility of studying isolated cells detached from the esophagogastric mucosa became a reality. Later on, the development of the fiberoptic endoscopy permitted the direct observation of the lesion, and histological and citological diagnosis. In this report we publish the results obtained in 270 consecutive cases of esophageal and gastric carcinoma. The biopsies were positive in 86.2% of the cases and the citology was positive in 61.8% of the cases. Both procedures combined yielded 90.3% of positive results. Most false negative studies were related to lesions located in the cervical esophagus, and in the esophago-gastric junction, It is suggested that retrograde esophagoscopy through a gastrostomy could improve the results. The false negative cases of gastric carcinoma are related to inadequate gastric evacuation or to submucosal extension of the tumor. The adequate handling of the specimens is vital if good standards are to be kept. PMID- 7034127 TI - [Historical sketch of surgery for peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7034128 TI - [A chronicle. The Mexican Association of Gastroenterology]. PMID- 7034129 TI - [Antinuclear antibody: significance of fluorescence patterns]. PMID- 7034130 TI - [Cholesterol calculosis in man. Influence of diet]. PMID- 7034131 TI - Circulating antigens, antibodies and glomerular immune complexes in mice with unisexual Schistosoma mansoni infection. PMID- 7034132 TI - A case study of xenodiagnosis. PMID- 7034133 TI - Human Ia-like antigens (Analysis of the tissue distribution and immunochemical profile with monoclonal antibodies). AB - Analysis of the tissue distribution of human Ia-like antigens has shown that they have a wider distribution than originally reported. Furthermore, the expression of Ia-like antigens may change when cells undergo malignant transformation: for instance, melanoma cells acquire Ia-like antigens, while breast carcinoma cells lose them. Serological and immunochemical analysis of Ia-like antigens with monoclonal antibodies has shown a cellular and molecular heterogeneity of these molecules which had not been previously recognized with conventional allo- and xenoantisera. The functional significance of this heterogeneity is not known. Monoclonal antibodies to human Ia-like antigens cross-react with lymphocytes from other animal species indicating that portions of the molecules have been conserved during evolution. The biological implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7034134 TI - Vasectomy (An experimental autoimmune disease state). PMID- 7034136 TI - [Hepatology in 1981]. PMID- 7034135 TI - [On a case of aphasia with thalamic lesion (author's transl)]. AB - The possibility of aphasic disorder caused by thalamic lesions has been supported by anatomo-clinical findings, stereotaxic surgery and more recently by radiological investigations with new techniques, i.e. ct and brain scan. A case of thalamic aphasia investigated with these techniques and the Luria's neuropsychological test is reported in this paper. The case concerns a 50 years old woman who developed a sudden right hemiplegia with marked motor aphasia. C.T. and radioisotope brain scan revealed a left capsular haemorrhage with involvement of thalamic structures. Later, when this patient's aphasia decreased, Luria's test showed reduction of spontaneous speech, anomia, paraphasic and disarthric disorder, distractibility without impairment of comprehension and repitition. These findings are similar to those reported by some AA. in left thalamic lesions and similar to aphasic syndromes caused by cortical lesions. Another important observation was the presence of widespread cortical functional disorder involving the left fronto-temporo-parietal region without evidence of cortical anatomical alteration. The above data and those reported in the literature suggest a very close relationship between thalamic structures, other central nuclei and cortical areas particularly in the control of speech. PMID- 7034137 TI - [Epidemiology of HDL-cholesterol]. PMID- 7034138 TI - [Blood complications of drugs other than antimitotic agents]. PMID- 7034139 TI - [Feeding habits, natural infection and distribution of domiciliary Triatomidae in the northeast region of Brazil]. PMID- 7034140 TI - [Trials on systemic insecticides for animals using dogs and triatominae]. PMID- 7034141 TI - [Hierarchy of the dental profession]. PMID- 7034142 TI - [October 3: commemorative date for dentistry and for the Latin American Dental Association]. PMID- 7034143 TI - [Hyperestrinism--a risk factor of malignancy and the LAI test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034144 TI - [Attempts of checking up on the effects of treatment of gynecological cancer by means of the LAI test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034145 TI - [Increased frequency of associations of acrocentric chromosomes brought about by the LDH virus in infertile women (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034146 TI - [Immunobiological examination of psychiatric patients. Preliminary report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034147 TI - [Certain methods of medieval treatment according to Master Rhazes and Master Salicetti. I. Rhazes' and Salicetti's medieval surgery and their publishers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034148 TI - Precision requirements in a study of computer-aided diagnosis of jaundice (the COMIK study). AB - Some 700 icteric patients have now been investigated by the Copenhagen study group for computer-aided differential diagnosis of jaundice (the COMIK study). The paper presents experience based on preliminary test runs using selected subsets of the data. In particular, the effect of the number of intervals into which quantitative laboratory variables are grouped has been stuied. Computer performance depends little on such grouping and, by inference, on analytical imprecision. As the grouping becomes finer, performance is even seen to deteriorate. These findings are in accord with theory and experience from other areas of pattern recognition, the problem being one of sample size. It is concluded that we are in a paradoxical situation of knowing from studies of single analytes that precision matters; yet when it comes to assembling information about a patients's condition we cannot make effective use of the precision of today's laboratories. This would seem to hold good whether data are processed by a computer, by physician, or by the two in collaboration. PMID- 7034149 TI - Assessing (analytical) quality in clinical chemistry. Review of pertinent literature. PMID- 7034150 TI - Effects of insulin on erythrocyte deformability in diabetics--relationship between erythrocyte deformability and platelet aggregation. AB - Erythrocyte deformability was studied by the filtration technique of Reid & Dormandy using whole blood and washed erythrocytes from insulin-dependent diabetics (IDD) under insulin delivery by an artificial pancreas (AP). The same technique was employed to study deformability in vitro using normal erythrocytes incubated in the presence of insulin. Results of this study show that in IDD the initially poor erythrocyte deformability is improved within hours of insulin administration. Improved deformability was accompanied by increased levels of intra-erythrocyte ATP but without changes in levels of HbG and 23 DPG. Incubation of erythrocytes in medium containing glucose showed that deformability was significantly improved in the presence of insulin. These results indicate that insulin favourably affects erythrocyte deformability in IDD. Before and after 24 hours treatment by AP, platelet aggregation was studied in IDD by the technique of Born using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and by a modified Breddin technique using PRP, whole blood or whole blood treated by chlorpromazine and mixtures of erythrocytes from IDD with normal PRP. Platelet hyperaggregation was only found in the presence of erythrocytes from untreated diabetics. Chlorpromazine, at a dose (10 mumole) which inhibits haemolysis without inducing platelet hyperaggregation, eliminated the above anomaly. In conclusion, it is conceivable that the insulin-induced correction of poor erythrocyte deformability eliminates excessive fragility of erythrocytes and their haemolysis wit release of ADP, thus avoiding platelet hyperaggregation. PMID- 7034151 TI - Distribution of flow and red cell flux in the microcirculation. AB - The distribution of blood cells in the vascular system is not homogeneous, red cell concentration in the small vessel compartment being significantly lower than in the large vessel compartment. This is to some extent due to the difference in travelling speed between cells and plasma in the microcirculation (Fahraeus effect). However, even in the terminal vessel network haematocrit varies considerably as a result of plasma skimming phenomena. Thus, local (capillary) haematocrit is a function of flow rate distribution at bifurcations. Red cell concentration in the majority of capillaries is substantially lower than in any other vessel category, while a small number of capillaries carry an increased haematocrit, thereby satisfying mass balance. The haematocrit distribution as well as the average level of capillary haematocrit is a function of small vessel volume which in turn depends on pre-capillary resistance: vasodilation leads to increased capillary haematocrit and vice versa. Thus, one of the physiological functions of the resistance vessels is to determine the level of microvascular haematocrit. Alteration of red cell microrheology leads to a reduction of capillary O2-transport capacity mainly by reducing the haematocrit in nutritive capillaries. PMID- 7034152 TI - Forces between membranes approaching contact. AB - Cell stickiness to surfaces is recognized as an important concern in tests of red cell filterability. Many forces need to be considered in order to think about the sources of cell sticking. As cell membranes are brought together they experience successively the domination of several classes of forces van der Waals attraction, electrostatic repulsion, hydration repulsion, and specific charge charge interactions at contact. The behaviour of each of these forces is described in the context of red cell adhesion. PMID- 7034153 TI - Biochemical approach. Red blood cell biomembrane structure and deformability. PMID- 7034154 TI - Radioimmunoassay of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and the effect of intraduodenal acidification on glucose-stimulated and unstimulated GIP release in humans. AB - GIP was measured by a radioimmunoassay with an antiserum specific for a site within the sequence GIP 15-43. Plasma was precipitated with acetic acid alcohol, and bound and free antigen was separated with polyethylene glycol. The sensitivity (ID 50) was 9.2 pM, corresponding to 46.0 pM in plasma and expressed as the detection limit 2.26 pM and 11.3 pM, respectively. Dilutions of human plasma extracts were parallel to the standard curve, and 80% of the GIP immunoreactivity eluted corresponding to standard GIP by gel chromatography. The effect of duodenal acidification on the glucose-stimulated GIP and insulin release was investigated in man by intraduodenal infusion of glucose with a pH of 6.5 of 1.5 (no. = 7). The GIP concentration in plasma increased from 36.7 (27.5 62.2) to 134 (78.9-215) pM after infusion of glucose with a pH of 6.5 and from 44.6 (23.4-60.5) to 141 (74.0-246) pM after pH 1.5 glucose. Peak values of insulin were 52 (28-73) and 58 (46-122) mU/l, respectively, Infusion of 50 ml of 0.1 M HCl intraduodenally (no. = 6) or aspiration of the gastric secretion (no. = 9) for 150 min did not alter the unstimulated GIP concentration in plasma. It is concluded that an acid environment in the duodenum neither potentiates the glucose-induced GIP and insulin release nor influences the unstimulated GIP concentration. PMID- 7034155 TI - Antacid/anticholinergic, cimetidine, and placebo in treatment of active peptic ulcers. AB - Seventy-two patients with duodenal (54) or prepyloric (18) ulcers have taken part in a 12-week double-blind trial. Twenty-four patients received cimetidine, 1 g/day; 24 patients received 10 ml of an antacid suspension (buffering 85 mmol acid) 1 and 3 h after every meal and at bedtime and 0.6 mg L-hyoscyamine in sustained-release tablets twice a day; and 24 patients received placebo. The healing rate after 3 weeks' treatment was 67% (p less than 0.005 compared with placebo) with cimetidine, 50% (p less than 0.01) with antacid/anticholinergic, and 13% with placebo. After 6 weeks' treatment 83% were healed with cimetidine (p less than 0.005 compared with placebo), 96% with antacid/anticholinergic (p less than 0.005), and 33% with placebo. A further 6 weeks' treatment gave healing rates of 96% for cimetidine, of 100% for antacid/anticholinergic, and of 50% for placebo. Compared with placebo, cimetidine but not antacid/anticholinergic caused a faster relief of night-time ulcer pain (p less than 0.05). There was a significant correlation between healed ulcers and complete relief of ulcer symptoms (p less than 0.05). In the placebo group the ulcers of nonsmokers healed to a higher extent than those of smokers (p less than 0.05). During 1 year of follow-up there was no difference between the two actively treated groups in number or severity of symptomatic relapses. Time to relapse was, however, significantly shorter after treatment with cimetidine than after antacid/anticholinergic (p less than 0.05). Recurrences occurred more often (p less than 0.05) after slow healing (6-12 weeks) than after fast healing (3 weeks). PMID- 7034156 TI - Response of serum levels of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and insulin to sucrose ingestion during long-term application of acarbose. AB - Sucrose (100 g) loading tests were performed in 10 healthy volunteers before and during the intake of an alpha-glucosidehydrolase inhibitor (acarbose) for 8 weeks (3 X 200 mg daily) and serum levels of glucose, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IR-GIP) were measured. The addition of 200 mg of acarbose to the sucrose load attenuated the sucrose-induced glycaemia and IRI response and completely abolished the IR-GIP release. The volunteers complained about meteorism and abdominal pain during the intake of the inhibitor. These side effects became less marked at the end of the study. The attenuation of complaints cannot be explained by a decreasing sucrase inhibition, since the increase of glucose, IRI, and IR-GIP after sucrose loading at the beginning and after 4 and 8 weeks was equally impaired by acarbose. PMID- 7034157 TI - Endoscopic YAG-laser treatment in massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Report of a controlled randomized study. AB - In patients with massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding the results of endoscopic control by coagulation with YAG-laser have been compared with the results of an active surgical approach with early operation in a controlled randomized study. The laser coagulation was done at admission in patients in whom an actively bleeding lesion was diagnosed at endoscopy. Of the 66 patients belonging to the laser group, 23 were bleeding at admission and endoscopy, and in 15 of these coagulation was attempted and initial haemostasis was achieved in 14. Seven of the latter rebled and five of them were then operated upon with on postoperative death. Two patients died from bleeding oesophageal varices and hepatic failure. In the patient in whom haemostasis was not achieved, an operation was done for a duodenal ulcer. She died postoperatively. Of the 43 patients belonging to the laser group and not bleeding at endoscopy, nine patients rebled and three of them were operated upon, the with on postoperative death. An additional four patients died in this group, three of bleeding oesophageal varices in combination with hepatic failure and one of bleeding from an unknown source. Sixty-nine patients belonged to the control group and in 19 of these patients bleeding lesions were diagnosed at endoscopy. Five of these were operated upon, with two postoperative deaths. An additional three patients died of bleeding oesophageal varices and hepatic failure. Of the 50 patients belonging to the control group and not bleeding at endoscopy, eight later showed signs of recurrent bleeding. Four of them had oesophageal varices and two died. The other four with recurrent bleeding were operated upon with no postoperative mortality. Thus nine patients (five with oesophageal varices) died in the laser group and seven (five with oesophageal varices) in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding mortality, need of blood transfusion or time of treatment in the hospital. However, the material is too small to make any definite conclusions, and further studies are necessary in which laser treatment is compared with an aggressive surgical policy with early operations. PMID- 7034158 TI - Gastric cytoprotection in man by prostaglandin E2. AB - In healthy volunteers, the effects of topical prostaglandins E2 (PGE2), 1 mg, on transmucosal potential difference (PD), mucus secretion, and epithelial cell turnover were investigated. PGE2 increased gastric PD by 10 mV on an average and stimulated mucus secretion of the stomach by 50%. In contrast, epithelial cell turnover remained unchanged. Gastric output of H+ decreased, whereas the outputs of volume, Na+, and Cl- rose in response to PGE2, which effects would be compatible with increased secretion of bicarbonate. Topical administration of ethanol 40% (vol/vol) reduced PD by 25 mV (delta PDE) and enhanced epithelial cell shedding by 350% with concomitant discharge of mucus from stomach epithelium. Pretreatment of the stomach with 1 mg PGE2 prevented the ethanol dependent epithelial cell exfoliation, indicating gastric mucosal cytoprotection. Delta PDE and discharge of mucus were not significantly altered by PGE2. We conclude that gastric cytoprotection by PGE2 in man might be mediated by stimulation of mucus and/or bicarbonate production. PMID- 7034159 TI - Effect of a beta 2-sympathomimetic on gastrin release, acid secretion, and blood glucose during basal conditions and in response to insulin, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, and feeding in the dog. AB - The effect of a selective beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist on basal volume and on insulin-, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG)-, and food-induced gastrin release was studied in conscious gastric fistula dogs. Acid output and blood glucose changes were also studied, except in the food experiments. Basal acid secretion and serum gastrin were unchanged after beta 2-sympathetic infusion, whereas a slight increase in blood and glucose was found. The beta 2-agonist almost prevented acid output and gastrin release after insulin hypoglycaemia. However, the hypoglycaemia was also inhibited. Gastric acid secretion stimulated by 2-DG was inhibited, as was probably the gastrin release. 2-DG increased the blood glucose level, and no significant differences were found after beta 2 infusion. After feeding, gastrin release was initially decreased for one of five doses of the beta 2-agonist, and higher doses of the beta 2-agonist prevented the subsequent fall in serum gastrin after the initial peak value. This pattern was also found for the histamine H2-blocker cimetidine in a dose that blocks acid output. The beta 2-agonist and 2-DG increased pulse rate. It is concluded that beta 2 sympathetic stimulation inhibits acid output and gastrin release after insulin and 2-DG stimulation, but one should be cautions in drawing conclusions from the insulin experiments. The effect on gastrin release is small compared with the effect on the acid secretion, and it is unlikely that the inhibition of acid secretion acts through a change in gastrin release. PMID- 7034160 TI - Gastrin secretion before and after gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity. AB - Fasting, meal-stimulated, and insulin-hypoglycemia-stimulated serum gastrin levels were measured before and 3 and 12 months after gastric bypass surgery in nine obese patients. The basal gastrin concentration was unaffected by the operation. After a meal both serum gastrin and blood glucose levels were significantly increased before the operation (p less than 0.002), whereas there was no significant gastrin release in response to food 3 and 12 months after the operation. Insulin hypoglycemia did not elicit any gastrin response either before or after gastric bypass surgery, even though considerable hypoglycemia was obtained. It is concluded that this lack of gastrin release after food and insulin hypoglycemia postoperatively may in part explain the rare development of peptic ulcer in patients after extensive gastric exclusion. PMID- 7034161 TI - Short-term parenteral and peroral testosterone administration in men with alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - Serum concentrations of testosterone were measured in 24 male patients with alcoholic cirrhosis during testosterone administration. The purpose was to compare serum concentrations of testosterone during peroral with those during parenteral testosterone administration in these patients. Patients who were injected intramuscularly with a combination of short- and long-acting testosterone (Triolandren, 348 mg testosterone) had median peak values of serum testosterone of about 40 ng/ml, which fell to basal levels after a fortnight. During testosterone propionate injections (84 mg testosterone) every other day, rather constant serum concentrations with median values of about 30 ng/ml were reached after 4 days. Peroral testosterone administration (800 mg micronized free testosterone) each day also resulted in fairly constant serum concentrations after 4 days, and the median values were about 50 ng/ml. No side effects were observed. PMID- 7034162 TI - Impaired pancreatic innervation after selective gastric vagotomy. Reduction of the pancreatic polypeptide response to food and insulin hypoglycemia. AB - The secretion of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) was studied in 38 duodenal ulcer patients before, 4 months after, and, in 25 patients, again 18 months after either selective gastric vagotomy or parietal cell vagotomy. Selective gastric vagotomy on average reduced the PP response to food measured 4 months after operation to 20% of the preoperative value. The prolonged PP response (30-120 min) increased to 50% from the 4th to the 18th postoperative month (p less than 0.005). Parietal cell vagotomy did not significantly change the PP response to food, although in a few patients (3/15) the response was reduced to below one third of the preoperative value. The PP response to insulin hypoglycemia was measured after operation in 16 patients; those who had a reduced PP response to food demonstrated a response to hypoglycemia which was reduced to the same extent. It is concluded that PP secretion is generally unaffected by parietal cell vagotomy but is impaired after selective gastric vagotomy and that the prolonged PP response to food is partially regenerated after vagotomy. It is suggested that selective gastric vagotomy interferes with the vagal innervation of the PP-rich head of the pancreas. PMID- 7034163 TI - Cimetidine treatment of recurrent ulcer after proximal gastric vagotomy. AB - Twenty-one patients with endoscopically confirmed recurrent ulceration after proximal gastric vagotomy entered an open trial of treatment with cimetidine, 1.0 g/day. Twenty patients completed 6 weeks' treatment, and repeat endoscopy showed ulcer healing in 18 of 20 patients. One patient's ulcer was found to be healed on X-ray examination, and the other patient had a healed ulcer after an additional 2 weeks' treatment. Eighteen of the patients with healed ulcer entered a maintenance trial of cimetidine, 400 mg at night. During the 1-year follow-up period the occurrence of symptoms led to re-endoscopy in 11 patients. Re ulceration was confirmed in six patients (33%), and mean time to ulcer recurrence was 18.2 weeks. Ulcer recurrence was treated with an increased dose of cimetidine and antacids. All the ulcers then healed again, and the patients remained well on a maintenance dose of cimetidine, 800 mg/day. None of the patients had to be operated on during the trial. Two patients developed gynaecomastia during maintenance treatment with 400 mg cimetidine a day. No serious untoward signs or symptoms occurred that necessitated withdrawal from the trial. It seems as if recurrent ulcers after proximal gastric vagotomy respond to cimetidine treatment approximately as do peptic ulcers in unoperated patients. PMID- 7034164 TI - Relapse of duodenal ulcer after treatment with trimipramine/antacids or cimetidine/antacids. AB - Ninety-three patients with duodenal ulcer were treated with trimipramine, 25 mg at night; cimetidine, 400 mg at night; or cimetidine, 1000 mg/day. In addition, all patients were given 20 ml antacids 1 and 3 h after meals. The healing rates after 6 weeks' treatment were 86%, 85%, and 100% in the three groups, respectively (differences not significant). After healing of the ulcers 88 of the patients were checked monthly during 1 year to study relapse rate. Endoscopy was performed on recurrence of symptoms suggesting relapse and after 6 and 12 months in all asymptomatic patients. Relapse was diagnosed in 64% of the patients in the trimipramine-treated group, in 48% in the 400 mg cimetidine group, and in 54% in th 1000 mg cimetidine group (differences not significant). The results suggest that ulcer recurrence is not commoner after treatment with standard dose of cimetidine than after a low dosage of cimetidine or trimipramine. PMID- 7034165 TI - Wound sepsis after elective cholecystectomy. Restriction of prophylactic antibiotics to risk groups. AB - This prospective study of elective cholecystectomy investigated the frequency and type of bacteria in gallbladder bile at operation, the factors predicting the presence of bacteria in bile, and the relationship between bacteria in bile and subsequent wound sepsis. In 148 consecutive cases 23% of bile cultures were positive. The overall wound infection rate was 15%, but 91% of all wound infections occurred in patients with positive bile cultures. Eighty-five per cent of all positive bile cultures and 86% of all wound infections occurred in 37% of the patients, characterized by age over 60 years and/or a history of previous attacks of acute cholecystitis. We suggest that in elective cholecystectomy prophylactic antibiotics should be restricted to this group of patients to limit the use of antibiotics. PMID- 7034166 TI - Prenatal development of the endocardium: a review. AB - The chronology of SEM studies of the embryonic endocardium is followed in this review by discussion of species, stages and localizations studied. In reviewing the methodology of SEM studies of the embryonic endocardium, particular weight is given to standard methods which can be applied to all species of interest. Two main aspects are more deeply analysed: the perfusion fixation and the effects of the osmolarity of the fixative vehicle. Using these standardized techniques, the embryonic endocardium of chick, mouse, dog, human and, to a lesser extent, rat hearts are described in SEM. All species investigated presented microvilli ruffles, filopodia, cytosegresomes, intercellular openings and phagocytes. Marginal folds, lamellipodia, dividing cells and incomplete endocardium could be observed in some species only. Each of these microappendages is discussed in relationship to observations of other authors on four levels - embryonic endocardium, adult endocardium, embryonic endothelium and adult endothelium. The general tendency in differentiation of the embryonic endocardium results in a progressive loss of the majority of the microappendages mentioned. Contrary to a relative absence of interspecific differences in endocardial morphology as seen in SEM, there is a strong variation of this morphology relating to the intracardiac localization of the endocardial cells. The discovery of autolytic postmortem changes in the material from pregnancies terminated by prostaglandins leads to the recommendation that the further use of this source of embryonic and fetal material be discouraged. Finally, the modifications of the morphology of embryonic endocardial cells under the effects of cytochalasin B, altered hemodynamics, and the hereditary congenital heart defects of the Keeshond strain of dogs are discussed, using the above-mentioned principles of four levels. PMID- 7034167 TI - Endocardial cushion tissue development: structural analyses on the attachment of extracellular matrix to migrating mesenchymal cell surfaces. AB - The progressive growth and eventual fusion of the atrioventricular (AV) endocardial cushions is of critical importance to normal embryonic heart development. Failure to do so would result in septal and AV valvular defects. A central feature in initial cushion growth is the migration of cushion tissue (CT) cells through an heterogeneous extracellular matrix (ECM) which has previously been shown (in particular hyaluronate) to modify migratory behavior. Attention was directed to migrating CT cells to determine if (1) their surfaces physically attach to or bind ECM and (2) are modified to suggest a morphological basis for cell:matrix interaction. The migratory appendages (filopodia) of CT cells maintained in organ culture attached both to collagenous microfibrils coated with polyanionic material and hyaluronate (HA) enriched ECM. The cell:matrix associations were of sufficient strength to restrain the cell from contracting following freezing procedures and were labile to mild trypsin treatment. HA enriched matrix persisted at the cell surface even after treatments which removed most free ECM, but was readily removed by hyaluronidase and trypsin digestion. Freeze fracture analyses revealed 16-18 nm particles elevated above the plane of the filopodial surface which closely interfaced with ECM components. These particles were variably distributed, ranging from almost homogenous dispersion to focalized clusters, but were absent on surrounding non-migratory (myocardial) cells. Results are consistent with a model in which cell attachment to its migratory substratum is mediated by polyanions (probably sulfated glycosaminoglycan and fucosylated glycoprotein) and detachment by hyaluronate. PMID- 7034168 TI - Epicardial covering over myocardial wall in the chicken embryo as seen with the scanning electron microscope. PMID- 7034169 TI - Structural analysis of extracellular matrix prior to the migration of cephalic neural crest cells. AB - Cephalic neural crest cells enter cell free areas containing abundant extracellular matrix (ECM). Previous histochemical studies have identified both sulfated and non-sulfated glycosaminoglycans within this matrix. In the present study, ultrastructural examination of the ECM demonstrated an anastomosing network of pleomorphic, cetyl pyridinium chloride-dependent strands within cell free spaces and in association with the basement membrane of the surface ectoderm. Thin section analysis revealed that the strands consisted of three components: (1) 3-5 nm filament meshwork; (2) electron dense amorphous material and (3) 30 nm granules. In contrast, the ECM associated with the basement membrane consisted principally of a continuum of electron dense, amorphous material. The molecular ordering of ECM within crest cell pathways was compared to the well-characterized, hyaluronate-rich, premigratory matrix of cardiac jelly. PMID- 7034170 TI - Epithelial cell-cell and cell substrate contacts. AB - An epithelial sheet maintains its normal morphology by an appropriate balance between cell to cell and cell to substrate contacts which must be adjusted as proliferation occurs. We review our studies which attempts to analyze some of these problems by recombining cell and matrix tissue components, or by analyzing developmental changes in intact tissue. Epithelial and mesenchymal cells placed on tissue matrices which have been denuded of their normal tissue components behave distinctively, suggesting that this procedure could reveal inherent differences. When chick epiblast is grown on the outer surface of the vitelline membrane, the mode of expansion changes from that seen in the normal site, the vitelline membrane inner surface. Dispersed skin and corneal cells studied during subsequent aggregation show that one cell can influence desmosome formation in another. Finally, recent studies on developing chick liver indicate a correlation between the percent of lateral cell surface in the junctional domain and the proliferative rate of these cells. PMID- 7034171 TI - Tissue interactions during axial structure pattern formation in amphibia. AB - Tissue interactions have traditionally been assigned important roles in establishing the pattern of amphibian axial structure morphogenesis. Those interactions have been postulated to generate the patterns of neural fold morphogenesis, neural tube formation, and somite development. A review of axial structure development together with a brief discussion of the classical viewpoint, is presented. A re-examination of axis formation has recently been carried out with the SEM. Embryos which displayed major defects in notochord development, ranging from diminished length to complete obliteration, were produced by irradiating fertile eggs prior to first cleavage. A comparative SEM analysis of normal and "notochord defective" embryos revealed that, contrary to previous reports, the notochord is apparently a dispensable component of the developing axial structure system. Lastly, TEM examination of the notochord defective embryos allowed some insight into the ultrastructural alterations which occur in the notochord and neural tube cells of irradiated embryos. Additional information about the structure of the notochord, and the cellular mechanics of somitogenesis emerged from those studies. PMID- 7034172 TI - Simultaneous use of EDS, windowless EDS, BE and SE detectors and digital real time line scanning for the x-ray microanalysis of frozen-hydrated biological specimens. PMID- 7034173 TI - Intracellular localization of antigens with backscatter mode of SEM using peroxidase-labeled antibodies. AB - The peroxidase-labeled antibody method was employed for immunohistochemical localization of intracellular and extracellular antigens with SEM. With this method, the antigenic sites may be localized with high sensitivity on tissue sections mounted on carbon-coated glass slides by detecting 0s04-DAB complexes using the backscatter mode. The sections may be fresh frozen fixed on slide, frozen sections of fixed tissue, or sections of immunostained tissue embedded in epon. The method introduces another utilization of SEM and the immunoenzyme histochemistry. PMID- 7034174 TI - Quantitative electron probe x-ray microanalysis of biological bulk specimens. AB - X-ray microanalysis of thick biological specimens is of considerable practical interest. Quantitative analysis of this kind of specimens poses some difficulties, and quantitative methods are less well developed than for thin sections. In this tutorial, the various parts of the ZAF-corrections are examined in some detail, and special attention is given to possible problems with the use of the ratio model. In quantitative analysis of metals (Z greater than 20) in biological bulk specimens, attention should be given to secondary fluorescence by the continuum. Various types of standards are compared, both with respect to homogeneity and with respect to their effect of quantitation with the ZAF correction method. In both respects, organic standards of the 'gelatin' or 'resin' type perform better than do crystal standards. The use of relative intensities (P/B-ratios) in quantitative analysis of biological bulk specimens is considered. In most, but not all, cases use of P/B-ratios has advantages over the use of absolute X-ray intensities. PMID- 7034175 TI - Ideal standards for quantitative x-ray microanalysis of biological specimens. PMID- 7034176 TI - Foqus: a FORTRAN program for the quantitative analysis of x-ray spectra from thin biological specimens. AB - An online FORTRAN program for the quantitative analysis of energy dispersive X ray spectra from thin biological specimens is presented. The methods of background suppression by digital filtering and peak deconvolution by linear least-squares fitting with measured peak profiles are used. The continuum quantitation method for spectra from thin biological sections as proposed by Hall is applied. The performance of the computer program, utilizing the facilities of a disk operating system, is demonstrated. The routines were optimized for speed, resulting in a run-time of less than 5 seconds on a 16 bit minicomputer for a full quantitation for 7 elements of an energy dispersive thin section X-ray spectrum, including an optional absorption correction. Since no assembly language subroutines are implemented, the restrictions for the use of the program with different computer systems are minimized. PMID- 7034177 TI - Observations on electron probe x-ray microanalysis compared to other methods for measuring intracellular elemental concentration. AB - Electron probe X-ray microanalysis provides the capability of accurately measuring the concentration of a number of elements at the subcellular level in tissues which are appropriately prepared using cryofixative procedures. This preview compares quantitative data obtained by the authors, using X-ray microanalysis, with quantitative data obtained in other laboratories using routine chemical procedures such as flame photometry, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, titrimetry, and ion-selective electrodes. Results are compared for cells in whole tissue, for cells in suspension (erythrocytes), and for subcellular analysis. Subcellular elemental data obtained after cell fractionation and isolation and after cryomicrodissection are considered. Agreements and differences between the results obtained by the different methods of analysis as compared to microprobe are discussed and the sources of the differences are explored. The biological significance of microprobe concentration data itself is limited without additional information regarding the state of the elements, such as oxidation state, ionic activity, degree of binding, etc. In this regard, the supplementation of subcellular elemental concentration with ionic activity and flux data for the large amphibian oocyte is presented as an example of how measurement of multiple parameters can be used to explain the maintenance of subcellular concentration gradients. PMID- 7034178 TI - X-ray microanalysis of tissue culture cells in SEM and STEM. PMID- 7034179 TI - Mitochondrial matrix granules, dense particles and the sequestration of calcium by mitochondria. PMID- 7034180 TI - Sodium and calcium regulation and the role of the cytoskeleton in the pathogenesis of disease: a review and hypothesis. AB - Recent years have seen a rapid development in knowledge concerning ion regulation and the cytoskeleton and their roles in many normal and abnormal cell processes. The structure and function of the cytoskeleton plays a key part in a number of cell properties including cell shape, potential mobility of intracellular proteins including receptors, cell to cell adhesion, and many other phenomena such as secretion, phagocytosis and autophagocytosis. Although earlier studies have emphasized the roles of sodium and calcium ion modification following acute and chronic cell injury, it has not been until recently that volume regulation and sodium modification have been found to be intimately linked through mechanisms such as sodium-calcium exchange and that the interaction of these regulations are associated with the cytoskeleton and the cell membrane. Therefore, it is the purpose of this review not only to summarize the vast amount of data which has rapidly accumulated in this field, and to put it into perspective, but also to advance a hypothesis which, we hope, will eventually establish that a wide variety of pathological phenomena ranging from acute cell death to chronic processes such as neoplasia, hypertension and aging are all a common series of cellular reactions. PMID- 7034181 TI - Safety in the SEM laboratory--1981 update. AB - The article reviews recent information on hazards as they relate to safety in SEM laboratories. The first section lists the safety equipment that should be available in a SEM laboratory. Flammable and combustible liquids are discussed, and particular warnings are given concerning the fire and explosion risks associated with diethyl ether and diisopropyl ether. The possible hazards associated with electrical equipment, and the risk of X-ray emissions from EM's are briefly outlined. The hazards associated with acute and chronic toxicity of chemicals used in the EM laboratory are discussed. The need to reduce exposure to a growing list of recognizable hazardous chemicals is emphasized. This reduction can be accomplished by more extensive use of functioning fume hoods, and the use of more appropriate and effective protective gloves. Allergies and the hazards of dangerous pathogens in the SEM laboratory are discussed. The explosion and other hazards associated with cryogens, vacuum evaporators, critical point dryers, and compressed gas cylinders are emphasized. PMID- 7034182 TI - Colloidal gold : a cytochemical marker for light and fluorescent microscopy and for transmission and scanning electron microscopy. AB - Gold sols are orange to violet, display electron dense properties and are capable of strong emission of secondary electrons. These properties enable gold particles to be used as specific markers in microscopy both at the low and high resolution level (light and fluorescent microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy). Monodisperse colloidal gold can be produced by several methods in a size range of 5 nm to 150 nm. As a consequence, the gold method is well suited for multiple marking experiment at the high resolution level. Since gold markers bind non-specifically to a very low extent, the technique has found application in TEM for marking intracellular components on thin sections. Both the one step and the two step marking procedures have been utilized in the various modes of microscopy. Under appropriate conditions, gold particles can be labelled with a variety of macromolecules (polysaccharides, glycoproteins, proteins, lectins, antibodies), presumably through a noncovalent binding process. Generally the probes acquire the specific activity of the adsorbed macromolecule and their stability upon storage is good. A number of factors which influence the adsorption process are discussed in relation to the more general problems of adsorption of macromolecules onto metallic surfaces. The stability of gold markers is also best understood by the DLVO theory for disperse systems. The preparation, labelling, stabilization, stability and binding characteristics of gold markers are reviewed. Since the binding of gold probes to cell surfaces is primarily determined by the size of the particle, several problems related to steric hindrance and quantification of the method are also discussed. The advantages of the method over others are compared. The different modes of microscopy and the several gold methods available for marking cell surface and intracellular components are illustrated by micrographs. PMID- 7034183 TI - Bacterial colonization of human urethral mucosa. II. Adherence tests using tissue organ cultures. AB - Interaction between two urinary tract pathogens, viz. Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Escherichia coli, and the mucosal lining of the human urethra was studied in a tissue organ culture system utilizing 14C-labelled organisms and scanning electron microscopy. Reduction of pH from 7.5 to 5.5 of the medium in which the organisms were suspended, significantly increased the number of staphylococci that adhered to the urethral cover cells, while no such effect was found when testing E. coli. Increasing time of incubation from 1 to 8 hours did neither effect the numbers, nor the proportions of S. saprophyticus that were bound to the urethral mucosal lining. At pH 6.5 and 7.5 a minor increase of the proportion of E coli that adhered to the urethral organ culture was found when the incubation period exceeded 4 hours, no corresponding finding could be verified at SEM. Two possible modes of the microorganisms to overcome the mutual repellent forces between the invading organism and the urethral surface cover cell are suggested--reduction of surface charge in microorganisms with high isoelectric point (S. saprophyticus) (utilizing pH-shift towards increased acidity), and attachment by means of poorly or non-charged bacterial appendices (i.e. fimbriae) (E. coli). PMID- 7034184 TI - Availability of cadaver kidneys for transplantation from brain-dead donors. AB - The number of potential donors of cadaver kidneys in Finland was estimated on the basis of the death certificates in 1975. Only patients who had died via one of the two main causes of brain death--subarachnoid haemorrhage and head injury- were included. Exclusions were made on grounds of age at death, quality of hospital, concomitant disease and survival time in hospital. After these exclusions, 209 patients could be regarded as potential donors of cadaver kidneys, a figure which in relation to the total mean population is 45 million and year. The cadaveric kidney potential, 90 kidneys per million population and year, is considered to be more than twice the demand. PMID- 7034185 TI - Further experience with antihuman lymphocyte globulin (Behring): no effect on cadaveric renal graft survival. AB - In 1977 we reported that 1 year cadaveric renal graft survival was improved in patients treated with high dose anti-human lymphocyte globulin (AHLG) (Behring). Such a beneficial effect of this agent was not confirmed in the present study with an enlarged series of patients and with a longer follow-up time. Nor was there any gain in respect of renal function or any steroid sparing effect. The only indication of an immunosuppressive effect is that the rejection episodes possibly occurred later in the patients given the high dose AHLG. PMID- 7034186 TI - Computed tomography, ultrasonography and gamma camera scintigraphy after renal transplantation. AB - In routine postoperative observations on 31 transplanted kidneys, computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US) and gamma scintigraphy (GS) were compared with respect to diagnosis of abscess or lymphocele in the vicinity of the transplant, rejection and outflow obstruction. The results showed that US was the most reliable procedure for detecting fluid-filled cavities. In cases of graft rejection, GS was of most value. In demonstrating outflow obstruction, there was no definite difference between the three methods. PMID- 7034187 TI - The urodynamic patterns and pathophysiology of the canine allotransplanted upper urinary tract. AB - The urodynamic patterns of pelvic pressure, pelvic volume and frequency of ureteral peristalsis and the pathology of the upper urinary tract after renal allotransplantation were investigated in 41 dogs. The findings were compared with previous measurements of both normal and renally autotransplanted dogs. The urodynamic patterns of the allotransplants were unchanged and not influenced by variations of renal function or degree of rejection. Morphologic alterations of collagen infiltration in the smooth muscle tissue changed the viscoelastic behaviour of the system. Finally, the results support that myogenic impulses govern the urinary transport from the canine kidney to the bladder. PMID- 7034188 TI - Nosology of paranoid schizophrenia and other paranoid psychoses. AB - The history of nosologic approaches to paranoid schizophrenia and the other paranoid psychoses is traced from the time of Kraepelin. Kraepelin, emphasizing the course of illness, proposed a narrow definition for paranoid dementia praecox (paranoid schizophrenia). He created the entity of paraphrenia for cases with symptoms similar to those in paranoid dementia praecox but without a deteriorating course. Bleuler, emphasizing underlying psychological mechanisms, broadened the concept of paranoid schizophrenia to include nearly all delusional functional psychotic states. After Bleuler, the controversy continued as to whether the paranoid psychoses belonged within or separate from the schizophrenic disorders. Emerging from these historical controversies, current nosologic approaches to paranoid schizophrenia and paranoid psychosis differ substantially. Approaches to paranoid schizophrenia range from broad global criteria, which include patients with thought disorder and affective deterioration (e.g., ICD-9), to narrow criteria such as those proposed by Tsuang and Winokur (1974), which specifically exclude such patients. While some criteria for paranoid psychosis exclude patients with hallucinations or other than persecutory or jealous delusions (e.g., DSM-III), other criteria include such patients. PMID- 7034189 TI - The schizophrenic and the paranoid process. AB - Data are presented in support of an understanding of schizophrenic and paranoid processes as operating relatively independently in the formation and deformation of human personality. The schizophrenic process derives from a genetically determined diathesis in combination with a range of factors involving environmental stress. The effects of the schizophrenic process in the organization and integration of internal structure and the differentiation of psychic functions are found at multiple levels, including negative consequences for the integration between cognitive and affective capacities, between conceptual and perceptual functions, and in the integration and stabilization of psychic structures. The schizophrenic process is envisioned as having disorganizing and disruptive effects on different levels of psychic organization, including the levels of the organization of cognitive processes, the formation and integration of representational systems (both self and object, and the structural integration of the self-system. In contrast, the paranoid process is thought to operate in the shaping and internal patterning of the personality organization, particularly by way of crucial forms of internalization. The interaction of introjection and projection shapes the individual's self organization and contributes to the quality of interaction with significant objects. The impact of the paranoid process in both its positive function of contributing to the building up and integration of a meaningful and constructive sense of self and capacity for psychological functioning, as well as its deviant forms of expression in the development of paranoid pathology, is discussed. Although the schizophrenic and paranoid processes operate relatively independently, their interaction and intermingling contributes to the spectrum of forms of psychopathology that characterize the schizophrenic spectrum. PMID- 7034190 TI - Hemispheric imbalances masquerading as paranoid and nonparanoid syndromes? AB - Evidence from psychophysiological and behavioral investigations of lateralization in psychosis separates two clinical syndromes. A speculative model is offered in which the syndromes approximate the clinical features of paranoid compared with nonparanoid patients in investigations in which the groups have been distinguished in the psychology laboratory (Magaro 1980), and encompass the distinction between acute functional psychoses and classical schizophrenia (Kety 1980). A parsimonious account is provided of the hemispheric imbalances of function tht underpin the syndromes. PMID- 7034191 TI - Schizophrenic/paranoid psychoses: determining diagnostic divisions. AB - Metadiagnostic guidelines are delineated for evaluating the utility of both existing diagnostic criteria and recently proposed revisions (Magaro 1980). Among the metadiagnostic guidelines are the demonstration of differential treatment outcome relationships for different disorders and the applicability of the characteristics of a superordinate diagnosis to its subordinate (or subtype) diagnoses. The authors note the conceptual development of the schizophrenia construct. Attempts to verify the existence of subtypes of schizophrenia in psychoanalytic theory, demographic traits, psychological assessment, and behavioral research are reviewed. Data accumulated from these efforts provide evidence regarding the validity of the distinction between paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia proposed by Magaro (1980). The authors conclude that a number of alternate relationships between paranoid and nonparanoid subtypes may by hypothesized. Only the notion that paranoid and nonparanoid subtypes are representative of differences in severity of schizophrenia may be rejected. As yet, little evidence exists for choosing one of the remaining alternatives as correct. Integrating research from diverse fields of study is advocated in the effort to refine conceptions of psychiatric disorders. In addition to continued attempts to make improvements in psychiatric diagnosis by changing the clinical symptoms used to define disorders, refinements may be accelerated by assessing the potential utility of other sources of information as the basis for psychiatric diagnosis. Performance on tasks employed in behavioral psychopathology research may represent such an example. PMID- 7034192 TI - The genetics and biochemistry of paranoid schizophrenia and other paranoid psychoses. AB - Genetic and biochemical findings in paranoid schizophrenia and other paranoid psychoses are reviewed. Although the data suggesting a lower genetic loading for schizophrenia in paranoid versus nonparanoid schizophrenia are unclear, paranoid schizophrenia does, to a limited extent, breed true within families. Monozygotic twins concordant for schizophrenia tend to be either both paranoid or both nonparanoid schizophrenics. In all studies, the risk for schizophrenia in the relatives of patients with paranoid psychosis is close to that found in the normal population. Genetic studies provide no evidence for a link between affective illness and either paranoid schizophrenia or paranoid psychosis. Although reports of low platelet monoamine oxidase activity in paranoid schizophrenia have not been confirmed, recent results suggest that brain norepinephrine levels may be higher in paranoid than in nonparanoid schizophrenics. Genetic and biochemical findings suggest some differences between paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia, but definitive clarification of the relationship between these two syndromes must await future research. From a genetic perspective, paranoid psychosis appears to bear little relationship to schizophrenia. PMID- 7034194 TI - [The suicide problem in Stefan Zweig's works]. AB - The life of the Vienna-born writer Stefan Zweig, whose centenary will be on November 28th, 1981, is portrayed in the light of some external data. His works - mainly novellas - in which the theme of suicide plays a central role, are briefly presented, and his preference for describing psychological borderline and extreme states is stressed. One of his first poems and his last one - more than forty years lie between them - are discussed with reference to his depression and suicidal tendencies. Zweig, who at least since the First World war had been periodically suffering from depressions, was looked after and in a sense also treated by his first wife Friderike von Winternitz, until he had to leave his home in Salzburg in 1935. In 1939, he divorced from his wife and married his sickly secretary, Lotte Altmann, who suffered from asthma and depression. After prolonged stays in England, North and South America he settled in Petropolis near Rio de Janeiro in Brasil, where he spent the last months of his life. Zweig was the second son of a dominating, self-willed mother and a dignified, almost "motherly" father. He felt his childhood to have been constricted and hemmed in. His narcissism, which has played an essential role in relation to his suicide, has its roots in his childhood. Direct as well as indirect hints at suicide were not lacking during the last two years of Zweig's life, which were increasingly filled with depression and anxiety. The preface to his autobiography "The World of Yesterday" may be interpreted as an indirect announcement of suicide. On February 22nd, 1942, Zweig committed suicide together with his second wife in Petropolis. PMID- 7034193 TI - Paranoia--prognosis and treatment: a review. AB - Contemporary research indicates that paranoia is directly related to good premorbid adjustment. Also, paranoids tend to have shorter hospitalizations and better recovery of social functioning than nonparanoids, although prognosis for full remission of symptoms is poor. A substantial minority of patients with an early diagnosis of paranoia deteriorate into a more withdrawn nonparanoid psychosis. When remission of paranoid symptoms occurs without chronic deterioration, there is a greater likelihood of relapse than there is for nonparanoid psychoses. In regard to treatment, good premorbid paranoid schizophrenics respond rather well to phenothiazines, whereas good premorbid nonparanoid schizophrenics tend to deteriorate under the influence of standard medication. Systematic desensitization is effective in reducing delusional behavior, but generalization is limited. Many discussions and case studies support the use of psychotherapy with paranoids, but no conclusive outcome studies have been reported. Group therapy, cognitive therapy, and milieu therapy hold promise but need systematic evaluation. PMID- 7034195 TI - CSF renin activity in hypertensive and normotensive patients. AB - CSF samples of hypertensive and normotensive matched groups were assayed and compared for renin activity (RA). The measurements yield low values of RA in both groups without significant difference between them. There was no correlation between the CSF level of RA of each patient and his own concomitant plasma renin activity (PRA). Although the presence of RA in the CSF was confirmed in this study, no direct correlation seems to exist between it values and the elevated blood pressure; therefore, the pathophysiological significance of the renin angiotensin system in the CSF and its relation to centrally generated hypertension remains questionable. PMID- 7034196 TI - Comparison of diflunisal and acetylsalicylic acid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A double-blind comparison of the clinical efficacy and tolerance of varying doses of diflunisal (DFS) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was carried out in 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were given no other antirheumatic medication. An effort was made to select appropriate anamnestic, functional and sociofunctional tests and to optimize their validity by careful measurements performed by the same specialized physiotherapist and occupational therapist. In addition, the serum concentration of DFS and salicylic acid were monitored by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The therapeutic effects of DFS was at least as good as that of ASA. Moreover, DFS was better tolerated; all 7 patients on DFS could sustain the maximum dose (1g) of this drug, while that of ASA (4g) was tolerated by only one of 8 patients. All these experienced side effects, necessitating drug withdrawal in 3 cases, one being a serious hepatotoxic reaction. DFS treatment, on the other hand, was associated with only one minor side effect. The side effect difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). The analyses of drug concentrations in serum verified that all patients were exposed to DFS and ASA as planned, adding safety to the judgement of the therapeutic effects. The findings support the view that the novel salicylic acid derivative DFS may offer a therapeutic advantage in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; it seems to have at least the same therapeutic effect as ASA an may be better tolerated. PMID- 7034197 TI - Antimalarial drugs-350 years. PMID- 7034198 TI - [Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus amoxycillin in the therapy of acute bacterial exacerbations in chronic non-specific respiratory tract diseases. A controlled study]. PMID- 7034199 TI - [Lympho-plasmacellular thyroiditis and diabetes mellitus]. AB - In a retrospective study of their autopsy cases the authors investigate the presence of lymphocytic infiltrations in the thyroids of 44 diabetics up to age 55 and compare these thyroids with 72 post-mortem controls. Size and number of the infiltrations were determined by a semiquantitative method on the histological slide. The non-diabetic controls and the non-insulin-dependent diabetics included 5 out of 72 (6.9%) and 3 out of 31 (9.7%) cases respectively with more than 10 infiltrations per 100 mm2 thyroid tissue. The insulin-dependent diabetics, however, showed significantly more, i.e. 5 out of 13 (38.5%) patients with more than 10 infiltrations per 100 mm2 tissue. All were asymptomatic with the exception of one young diabetic with clinical signs of hypothyroidism. PMID- 7034200 TI - [Circulating carcinoembryonic antigen, markedly elevated and persistent without discernible cancer]. AB - A markedly elevated circulating CEA level was observed in January 1978 in a 40 year-old male patient who complained of functional digestive disorders consisting of 2-3 bowel movements at the end of each night. During follow-up of more than 3 years the CEA level was always found to be higher than 300 ng/ml as determined on 12 different blood samples using 3 different assays: the Hansen assay, our own inhibition radioimmunoassay performed on perchloric acid extract of serum, and a newly developed solid phase non-competitive enzyme immunoassay involving monoclonal anti-CEA antibody. The clinical evolution showed no aggravation of the persistent but mild bowel troubles, i.e. no real diarrhea or blood in the stool. The patient enjoys excellent general health and shows no weight loss. Barium enema, colonoscopy and extensive investigation by computerized axial tomography showed no evidence of primary or metastatic tumor. Apart from CEA, the blood chemistry was within normal limits. Six members of the patient's family have normal CEA levels. A possible explanation for this unique case of marked and persistent elevation of circulating CEA without evidence of cancer is discussed. PMID- 7034201 TI - [Antibiotic therapy in veterinary practice. Remarks on the use of antibiotics]. PMID- 7034202 TI - A personal perspective on hemostasis and thrombosis (1937-1981). PMID- 7034203 TI - In vitro assays in preclinical antineoplastic drug screening. PMID- 7034204 TI - Why fetal monitoring. PMID- 7034206 TI - Current Status of Human placental lactogen. PMID- 7034205 TI - Fetal cardiovascular responses to stress. PMID- 7034207 TI - Fetal movements and fetal health. PMID- 7034208 TI - The significance, diagnosis, and treatment of maternal hypovolemia as associated with fetal/maternal illness. PMID- 7034209 TI - Detection of antiplatelet antibodies in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) by immunofluorescence. PMID- 7034210 TI - Indices of social well-being applicable to children-a review. PMID- 7034211 TI - Socio-political imperatives in the history of health development in Kenya. PMID- 7034212 TI - Social and economic research in the UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. PMID- 7034213 TI - Political process and the integration of traditional and western medicine in the People's Republic of China. PMID- 7034214 TI - Self-care responses to illness: a selected review. PMID- 7034215 TI - The organizational rejuvenation of osteopathy: a reflection of the decline of professional dominance in medicine. PMID- 7034216 TI - Theoretical considerations in formulating sociodental indicators. PMID- 7034217 TI - Culture, inequality and the pattern of dental care in New Zealand. PMID- 7034218 TI - [An unusual service: antivenereal dispensaries]. PMID- 7034219 TI - Radiation therapy for renal transplant rejection reactions. AB - Forty-four renal transplant patients were given radiation therapy for severe rejection phenomena. The 29 patients who had only one course of irradiation had a 52.3% successful function rate. Fifteen patients received from two to four courses of irradiation with an ultimate 60% rate of sustained function. Fifty patients who received only steroid and other medical management but no irradiation had a 60% rate of successful renal function. In the irradiation group, no patient whose creatinine level did not respond to radiation therapy maintained a functioning kidney. The data indicate that the overall successful function rate is maintained by radiation therapy in patients who show severe allograft rejection phenomena. PMID- 7034220 TI - Sleep apnea syndromes. AB - The sleep apnea syndromes have been recognized clinically in the United States only within the past ten years. The true extent of the problem is not known, but it seems certain that these syndromes are much more common than was generally assumed five years ago. Every clinician should be aware of the signs and symptoms of sleep apnea because of the rapid and prompt response to therapeutic measures. Sleep apnea syndromes, whether obstructive or central, can result in systemic or pulmonary hypertension, arterial blood gas abnormalities, life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, chronic respiratory failure, sleep disturbances, narcolepsy, excessive daytime somnolence, sexual dysfunction, and the suspicion of mental retardation. The immediate and dramatic improvement produced by tracheostomy in the obstructive type of sleep apnea, or nocturnal ventilatory support in the central type, can not only enhance the quality of life for these patients, but return them to functional and productive lives. PMID- 7034221 TI - The cricket and the marionette. PMID- 7034222 TI - Intravenous therapy: from humble beginnings through 150 years. PMID- 7034223 TI - Sepsis associated with nonperforated appendicitis. PMID- 7034224 TI - Overwhelming group B streptococcal sepsis after splenectomy in an adult. PMID- 7034225 TI - Manfred Pflanz (1923-1980)--a personal account of admiration and sorrow. PMID- 7034226 TI - Medicare assignment rates and carrier practices: a national study. PMID- 7034227 TI - [Role of the P. A. Gertsen Moscow Oncological Research Institute in the development of the organizational foundations of oncology]. PMID- 7034228 TI - [100 years of Russian dental instruction]. PMID- 7034229 TI - [Development of medicine in the Ukraine in the 18th century]. PMID- 7034230 TI - [Extraordinary cholera congress of the Society of Russian Physicians in memory of N. I. Pirogov]. PMID- 7034231 TI - [A. P. Golubkov in Siberian exile]. PMID- 7034232 TI - [Medical note of the Decembrist A. O. Kornilovich]. PMID- 7034233 TI - [N. K. Adrianov, the 1st Chuvash physician]. PMID- 7034234 TI - [Correspondence between Vladan Djordjevic and Valtazar Bogisic]. PMID- 7034235 TI - [Prof. Maurice Aubry (1899-1980)]. PMID- 7034236 TI - Passive immunization in murine cryptococcosis. PMID- 7034237 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in murine cryptococcosis. AB - In this investigation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ElISA) procedures were used to study the time of appearance and the duration of demonstrable antigen and antibody in body fluids of mice with disseminated cryptococcosis. The ELISA antigen procedure detected cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide (CCP) in the serum and urine of infected mice 3 days after infection--4 days before it could be demonstrated by the latex agglutination procedure. ELISA-reactive antibody was present throughout the course of infection (mean death time, 32 days), whereas antibody was not detected by whole cell agglutination after day 20. High serum concentrations of CCP (titers to 64,000) persisted throughout the course of infection, while antibody declined to low levels with progression of disease. ELISA provides a sensitive system for quantitation and monitoring of antigen (CCP) processing and clearance (or storage), and for cryptococcal antibody formation in progressive cryptococcosis. PMID- 7034238 TI - Experimental vaccination with Candida albicans ribosomes in cyclophosphamide treated animals. AB - A study was carried out to determine whether protection against experimental systemic candidiasis can be induced by vaccination with Candida albicans ribosomes in animals compromised by cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment. ICR mice treated with CY showed a reduction in the number of leukocytes and a decrease in spleen and body weights. CY-treated mice were more susceptible to intraperitoneal (IP) or intravenous (IV) challenge with live C. albicans than the untreated animals. Vaccination of CY-treated mice with C. albicans ribosomes, with or without addition of incomplete Freund's adjuvant, led to a partial protection against a lethal IP or IV challenge with live yeasts. These results indicate the possible effectiveness of ribosomal vaccination in protecting the compromised host against experimental candidiasis. PMID- 7034239 TI - Unusual response of a yeast to imidazole antifungals. AB - Thiamin was shown to relieve preferentially the toxicity of econazole for a yeast which showed an unusual response to imidazole drugs. The possible role of this vitamin in the response of the yeast to imidazoles is discussed. An investigation of the effect of a second exposure of yeasts to imidazole drugs showed that there is an increase in sensitivity when the cells are transferred directly to fresh medium containing the same concentrations of the drug, and a decrease in sensitivity following transfer via drug-free medium. PMID- 7034240 TI - Recovery of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis from a partially calcified lymph node lesion by microaerophilic incubation of liquid media. AB - Surgical specimens were obtained from a patient who had had life-threatening paracoccidioidomycosis 5 years previously. Residual lesions were found in the mesenteric lymph nodes; there were areas of caseous necrosis separated from the surrounding tissue by a fibrous capsule made of connective tissue. Abundant P. brasiliensis cells, many of which appeared degenerated, were observed in the necrotic material. Primary isolation was possible only under the microaerophilic conditions offered by fluid media kept stationary at 36 degrees C. Cultures in solid media were obtained after serial passages and gradual accommodation of the strain to aerobic incubation. It is apparent that P. brasiliensis yeast cells can become accustomed to reduced oxygen tension in the tissues. In this way, they are able to withstand the passing of time without completely losing their viability. PMID- 7034241 TI - Survival of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells under microaerophilic conditions. AB - The ability of P. brasiliensis yeast cells to withstand microaerophilic conditions was investigated in a liquid medium distributed in tall columns in screw-capped tubes. Young cells of three isolates were inoculated on top of the medium, and the tubes were incubated aerobically and anaerobically at 36 degrees C for 28 days. The viability of cells that had sedimented to the bottoms of the tubes was studied by fluorescent microscopy and by their capacity to resume growth when transferred to fresh medium under continuous agitation. The proportion of viable cells in the sediments diminished with time of incubation. However, after 28 days, 27% of the cells were still viable and fully capable of active growth when placed under adequate aeration. On the other hand, drastic reduction of oxygen access elicited an accelerated death rate, with no survival after 7 days of incubation. PMID- 7034242 TI - [Contributions of acute leukaemia treatment to other fields of medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034243 TI - [Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of childhood. Present inquiries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034244 TI - [Argentinian Group for the Treatment of Acute Leukemia: our experience in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemias]. PMID- 7034245 TI - [General strategy for acute myelogenous leukaemia therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034246 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation in acute leukaemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034247 TI - [Complications of acute leukaemia therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034248 TI - Medicare: an advocacy perspective for social workers. AB - Many Medicare recipients and social work advocates assume this program of federal health care insurance for the elderly and disabled to be relatively trouble free and, therefore, not relevant for advocacy efforts. Only when confronted with a reimbursement denial do the internal complexities and contradictions of the Medicare program, and the resultant need for advocacy, become apparent to recipient and worker alike. This paper presents a conceptual framework and advocacy perspective on Medicare's structure, benefits, and appeals procedures in order to aid a social work advocate in deciding whether to deal with recurrent Medicare problems through techniques to maximize benefits, appeals procedures, or legislative advocacy. PMID- 7034249 TI - The genetics of alcoholism. PMID- 7034250 TI - Inhibition of opiate binding to brain membranes by enzymically inactivated peptidases and tryptic fragments from autolysis. PMID- 7034251 TI - Bromodeoxyuridine mutagenesis, ribonucleotide reductase activity, and deoxyribonucleotide pools in hydroxyurea-resistant mutants. AB - Ribonucleotide reductase activity and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pools were examined in several Syrian hamster melanoma cell mutants which are resistant to hydroxyurea (HU), an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, and which also show increased resistance to bromdeoxyuridine (BrdU) mutagenesis. For most of the mutants, resistance to HU and BrdU mutagenesis is associated with increased levels of ribonucleotide reductase activity. No evidence was found for qualitative alterations in the ribonucleotide reductase in the mutant cells. The dNTP pools in the mutants are somewhat resistant to the perturbations can be produced in wild-type cells by the addition of BrdU, although significant perturbations can be produced in the mutants by higher concentrations of BrdU. The decrease in BrdU-induced nucleotide pool perturbations may account for the resistance of the mutants to BrdU mutagenesis. PMID- 7034253 TI - Bjerrum's Clinic. PMID- 7034252 TI - Induction of auto-immune syndromes by penicillamine therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. PMID- 7034254 TI - Clinical biochemistry of tears. AB - The composition of tear fluid as it exists in the conjunctival fornix and in the precorneal tear film is of a complicated nature. The precorneal tear film is a physically inhomogenous system, produced by the lacrimal glands, the accessory lacrimal glands and the goblet cells of the conjunctiva and the Meibomian glands of the lid margin. The method of collection is crucial for the quantity and concentration of a great number of different compounds that have been demonstrated in tears. A survey is given of the literature concerning tears as they are composed of proteins, enzymes, lipids, metabolites, electrolytes and drugs, the latter secreted during therapy. Clinical applications of the determination of several compounds for diagnosis or for monitoring drug therapy are summarized. PMID- 7034255 TI - Alton Ochsner, 1896-1981. PMID- 7034256 TI - Surgical correction of vasculogenic impotence in a patient after bilateral renal transplantation. AB - This article documents a vascular cause of erectile dysfunction in a patient with ligation of both internal iliac arteries after bilateral renal transplantation. The diagnosis was made by the noninvasive measurement of the penile arterial systolic pressure and confirmed by pelvic arteriography. Correction of the patient's impotence was accomplished by restoration of penile blood flow by a saphenous vein bypass graft between the external iliac and internal iliac arteries. PMID- 7034257 TI - Cimetidine and renal allograft survival. PMID- 7034258 TI - Edward William Alton Ochsner, Sr., 1896-1981. PMID- 7034259 TI - Radioiodine total body scan versus serum thyroglobulin levels in follow-up of patients with thyroid cancer. AB - Two groups of patients were studied to compare the efficacy of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels to 131I total body scans in the follow-up of patients with thyroid cancer. All of the group of 30 patients without recurrence had undetectable Tg levels on and off thyroid hormone replacement, and all had negative total body scan results although eight patients showed uptake in remnant thyroid tissue. In the second group of 37 patients with documented recurrent or metastatic disease, 34 (92%) had positive serum Tg levels, although the levels in five of these patients were undetectable while on thyroid replacement, and 31 (84%) had positive total body scan results. The false negative results of the two tests were not overlapping, and of those with positive Tg levels, 29 showed a significant increase once thyroid hormone therapy had been withdrawn. We conclude that although the percentages of positive Tg levels and body scan results in patients with recurrent disease are similar, both tests are required to minimize the number of patients with undiagnosed metastases. Second, thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression has a definite although unpredictable effect on serum Tg levels in patients with thyroid cancer, and thyroid hormone should be withdrawn prior to measurement of serum Tg to minimize the number of false negative results. PMID- 7034260 TI - Suture resistance to infection. AB - The emergence of both absorbable and nonabsorbable synthetic materials has been primary among the many new developments in suture materials. This is a study of 16 types of natural and synthetic suture materials and their resistance to both gram-positive and gram-negative infections. Four hundred and twenty suture inplants were made in the Edlich mouse model. The 16 different sutures were compared to appropriate controls and graded by the degree of infectibility. Synthetic sutures were superior in all areas. The monofilament sutures performed better than the multifilament sutures. Lubricating coatings had no effect on infectibility. Natural sutures performed poorly and should not be used in wounds that are potentially susceptible to infection. PMID- 7034261 TI - Reduced hemoglobin as an inhibitor of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte bacterial killing. Role of hemoglobin--oxygen tension in polymorphonuclear function. AB - The effect of reduced hemoglobin (Hb) on in vitro human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) bactericidal activity was investigated. Addition of Hb at physiologic concentrations and oxygen partial pressures (150 mg/ml, 35 torr) to PMNL bactericidal assays significantly inhibited the killing of blood culture isolates of Escherichia and Staphylococcus aureus. Raising the oxygen partial pressure above 35 torr greatly decreased this inhibition. Carboxy hemoglobin, produced by equilibrium of Hg with carbon monoxide, is unable to bind oxygen and did not inhibit PMNL bactericidal killing. We postulate that reduced Hb may scavenge oxygen near the surface of the PMNL therapy preventing utilization of oxygen by PMNL for maximal bactericidal activity. PMID- 7034262 TI - The Gold-Headed Cane award of the Taylor-Jones County Medical Society. PMID- 7034263 TI - The normal hemoglobins and the hemoglobinopathies: background. PMID- 7034264 TI - Role of heme and of protein kinases in the regulation of eukaryotic protein synthesis. PMID- 7034266 TI - The computer-assisted differentiation of hemoglobin variants. AB - Using a TRS-80 Radio Shack microcomputer system, we have computerized the differentiation of hemoglobin variants according to their mobilities in four methods of zone electrophoresis, each measuring a somewhat different aspect of molecular structure. In the identification routine of the program, the electrophoretic mobilities of an unknown variant are compared mathematically to the mobilities of previously analyzed variants; the computer prints out those known variants whose mobilities are within a specifiable interval on either side of the mobilities of the unknown variant. Properly specifying this interval is essential to the effectiveness of the identification. Another routine in the program classifies the variants according to any of ten molecular variables. Computerizing the identification and the information output provides a way to differentiate many variants, allows convenient handling of a large number of data on them, and facilitates their structural analysis. PMID- 7034265 TI - The background of our knowledge of the mutant hemoglobins. PMID- 7034267 TI - Recent developments in structural analysis. PMID- 7034268 TI - Structure-function relationships in hemoglobins: scientific aspects. AB - Both proximal and distal molecular processes which could contribute to lowered ligand affinity, and hence to cooperativity, have been identified from a comparison of macromolecular structures; most have been successfully modelled by ingenious model heme derivatives. More work is needed to decide which of these processes are operative at each stage of the ligand binding process, which is both kinetically and structurally complex. PMID- 7034269 TI - Structure - function relationships: clinical aspects. PMID- 7034270 TI - Structure of the fibers of hemoglobin S. AB - Several lines of evidence are converging on a consistent model for the structure of the fibers of hemoglobin S. The basic structure of the fibers is a solid helical assembly of 14 protofilaments deduced from three-dimensional reconstructions of electron micrographs. The filaments are organized in half staggered pairs which appear to be related to the pairs of filaments in a crystal form of hemoglobin S studied by X-ray diffraction. This relationship between fibers and crystals suggests an orientation of the hemoglobin S molecules in the fibers and the regions of the molecules that contribute to the various intermolecular contacts. PMID- 7034271 TI - Hemoglobin gelation. PMID- 7034272 TI - Infections in sickle cell anemia: pathogenesis and control. AB - Splenic dysfunction accounts for the greatest deficit in immune function in children with homozygous SCD. This dysfunction, coupled with the natural immunologic immaturity of all young children subjects the young child with SCD to an immense risk of severe pyogenic infections. To data, experience would suggest that pneumococcal vaccines may provide only modest protection in the child with SCD less than 5 years of age. Antipneumococcal antibody responses are poor in children less than two years of age. All reported failures of pneumococcal vaccine among children with SCD have occurred in children less than three years of age and offending pneumococci have been of groups 6 and 23. Prophylactic antibiotic regimens have yet to be submitted to rigid scientific investigation and their utility in eliminating the risk of pneumococcal sepsis in asplenic hosts is unknown. PMID- 7034273 TI - Cerebral vascular accidents in sickle cell anemia. PMID- 7034274 TI - The thalassemia syndromes. PMID- 7034275 TI - The alpha thalassemias. PMID- 7034276 TI - Clinical management of beta-thalassemia. PMID- 7034277 TI - The effect of abnormal hemoglobins on the membrane regulation of cell hydration. AB - Several hemoglobinopathies are associated with abnormalities in the permeability of the red cell membrane, in some cases leading to permanent alterations of the intracellular milieu. Homozygous sickle cell disease is the most thoroughly studied example. Deoxygenation of sickle cells causes a transient increase in the permeability to monovalent cations and Ca; prolonged deoxygenation can lead to a permanent accumulation of Ca and loss of total cations and water. Although the mechanisms for the permeability changes are not yet defined, mechanical stress on the membrane, with subsequent damages by excess Ca or membrane-associated hemoglobin have been suggested to play a role. Loss of cell water and increase in mean cell hemoglobin concentration causes massive reduction of cell deformability in the oxygenated state and makes the hemoglobin more likely to undergo sickling because of the strong concentration dependence of the sickling process. Limited evidence suggests the occurrence of permeability defects in other hemoglobinopathies and the thalassemias. The suggested alterations range from a slight increase in K permeability of incubated thalassemia cells to substantial dehydration of cells from patients with homozygous hemoglobin C disease. Oxidative damage to the membrane, involving an abnormal hemoglobin-membrane association, may underly the permeability changes in these cells. PMID- 7034278 TI - The unstable hemoglobins. AB - The hemoglobin variants have a range of stabilities, a number being sufficiently unstable to cause a hemolytic anemia in the heterozygote. These unstable hemoglobins can be readily detected by standard stability tests. The abnormalities in the unstable hemoglobins result in an increased molecular flexibility that affects both the globin chain and the hemoglobin tetramer. The unstable globins are generally synthesized at a normal rate but their distorted structure leads to proteolytic destruction, primarily in the bone marrow. This explains why they are always present in much reduced amounts in the circulation. Evidence from the unstable hemoglobins is that overall globin synthesis at the cellular level continues until there is compensation for the loss of the abnormal chain. Increased flexibility or distortion of the hemoglobin molecule allows more ready oxidation to methemoglobin but, more importantly, there is also rapid conversion of methemoglobin to hemichrome with resultant denaturation and precipitation. The process is accompanied by the release of activated oxygen but there is no evidence that the amounts formed are sufficient to give cell damage. Hemolysis primarily occurs in the microcirculation due to the mechanical obstruction produced by the rigid Heinz bodies. PMID- 7034279 TI - Oxygen delivery by stored blood. PMID- 7034280 TI - Hemoglobins we have known. PMID- 7034281 TI - Hemoglobins we have known. PMID- 7034282 TI - Chromosomal localization and regional mapping of the human globin genes. PMID- 7034283 TI - Structure and organization of the human globin genes. AB - A very precise picture of the fine structure and organization of the human globin genes has recently emerged from the study of cloned fragments of chromosomal DNA containing the globin genes and their flanking DNA. The precise sizes, locations and nucleotide sequences of intervening sequences (introns) that interrupt the globin genes have been determined. A number of presumably functionally important preserved nucleotide sequences common to all of the globin genes have been identified within the 5'-flanking DNA of the genes, as well as in their untranslated sequences and at the junctions between coding and intervening sequences. Intergene distances as well as the sizes of duplication units of closely related genes have been determined. A somewhat unexpected finding has been the identification of apparently nonexpressed globin pseudogenes within the globin gene clusters. Finally, detailed analysis of intergene DNA has revealed the presence of different types of repetitive DNA sequences in the vicinity of many of the globin genes but the significance of this finding with regard to the control of globin gene expression is not yet known. PMID- 7034284 TI - [Microsurgical tissue transplantation in reconstructive surgery of the lower extremity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034285 TI - [Procedures in digital nerve injuries. Results of primary nerve sutures]. PMID- 7034286 TI - [The microsurgery of the general surgeon: an improvement in basic medical care (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034287 TI - [Clinical pharmacokinetics in the causal treatment of acute intoxications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034288 TI - The use of a protein A-Sepharose column in the detection of platelet-associated IgG. PMID- 7034289 TI - Adult mammalian cardiac muscle cells in culture. AB - Adult rat cardiac muscle cells were isolated from the ventricle by a retrograde perfusion technique through the aorta (Nag and Zak, 1979). These single, isolated cardiac muscle cells were cultured for 4 weeks. Throughout the culture period, a small number of muscle cells retained their cylindrical shape, while the rest exhibited alterations in shape and size assuming a flattened body of irregular shape with pseudopodia-like processes and thereby resembling embryonic/neonatal cardiac muscle cells in culture. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cylindrical muscle cells contained compactly arranged myofibrils and cellular organelles, similar to those of freshly isolated and in vivo cells. A few irregularly shaped cardiac muscle cells were similar to the cylindrical cells in their internal structural organization. Most of the irregular cells exhibited less myofibrillar content than that of the freshly dissociated and in vivo cells. Myofibrils in the irregular cells were widely spaced and myofilament of some of the myofibrils were loosely bunched. In addition, scattered patches of myofibrils and free myofilaments were observed in many of these cells. The internal structural organization of these irregularly shaped cardiac muscle cells closely resembled the embryonic and neonatal cardiac muscle cells in vitro and in vivo. Most of the muscle cells in culture continued to contract spontaneously, and electron microscope studies clearly indicated that they underwent dedifferentiation. Autoradiography studies demonstrated that the cylindrical and irregularly shaped cardiac muscle cells underwent DNA synthesis and cell division in culture. PMID- 7034290 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in subacute thyroiditis: effect of acute elevation of thyroid hormones. AB - Carbohydrate metabolism was studied in nine patients with subacute thyroiditis before treatment and after recovery. The mean fasting free fatty acid level before treatment was significantly higher than that after the recovery, although the mean fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were not significantly different. Seven out of nine patients showed glucose intolerances. They returned to normal after the recovery except two cases with family histories of diabetes mellitus, whose glucose intolerances remained even 6 months after the recovery. Glucose area during oral glucose tolerance test was significantly correlated with the elevated thyroxine (r = 0.8, p less than 0.01), and triidothyronine (r = 0.66, p less than 0.05). The results indicated the importance of follow-up study of glucose tolerance in subacute thyroiditis as well as similarity of carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7034291 TI - Primary care centers---diversification of revenues through ambulatory care. PMID- 7034292 TI - Capital requirements and capital financing in a hospital-based group practice prepayment plan. PMID- 7034293 TI - Community rating in the Kaiser-Permanente Medical Care Program. PMID- 7034294 TI - Ethanol metabolism by the rat pancreas. PMID- 7034295 TI - Clinical considerations of renal allograft pathology. AB - Eleven out of 31 cases of living renal allografts lost their graft functions. Causes of graft loss were acute rejection in eight cases chronic rejection in one, graft rupture in one, and death due to meningitis with good graft function in one case. Five renal allografts and two biopsy specimens obtained after acute irreversible rejection and one renal allograft due to acute tubular necrosis an rupture were reviewed. We evaluated the correlation between these findings and the irreversibility of renal graft functions. All removed allografts and biopsies demonstrated interstitial edema and cell infiltration. Vascular pathology due to acute irreversible rejection revealed a high level of severity with fibrinoid necrosis and luminal obliteration. These findings suggested that graftectomy and cessation of immunosuppressants were indicated. PMID- 7034296 TI - IgA nephropathy associated with myasthenia gravis and scleritis. AB - A 29-year-old male patient with IgA nephropathy developed scleritis and myasthenia gravis during the follow-up period. No lymphocytic infiltration or atrophy in muscle fibers was observed in muscle biopsy specimens. However, an immunofluorescent study on the same specimens showed deposits of immunoglobulin A in muscular vessels. The development of scleritis and myasthenia gravis in a patient with IgA nephropathy suggests a common immunologic basis for these disorders. PMID- 7034297 TI - Immunofluorescent studies on acute phase reactants in patients with various types of chronic glomerulonephritis. AB - A study on immunofluorescent staining of so-called "acute phase reactants" (haptoglobin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and alpha 1-antitypsin) and beta lipoprotein in patients with various types of chronic glomerulonephritis is described. Eight patients with IgA nephropathy, eleven patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis, six patients with benign recurrent hematuria, four patients with membranous nephropathy and one patient with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSP nephritis) were examined. Deposition of haptoglobin was observed in patients with IgA nephropathy and HSP nephritis, and that of beta lipoprotein was observed in various types of chronic glomerulonephritis. There was a significant correlation between the degree of deposition of haptoglobin and that of hematuria in patients with IgA nephropathy and HSP nephritis. It is suggested that deposition of haptoglobin and beta-lipoprotein may be related to "hemolysis" in glomeruli and increased permeability of glomerular capillary walls in kidneys with various types of chronic glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7034298 TI - [Effect of vacuum vibration investing and vacuum mixing technics on the properties LAW-cast model investment and on the accuracy of cast model frameworks of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloys. 2. Studies on accuracy of cast model frameworks of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloys using different investing technics]. PMID- 7034299 TI - [Crown margin--the current state-of-the-art]. PMID- 7034300 TI - [Adolf Witzel--his life and work]. PMID- 7034301 TI - [Effect of vacuum vibration and vacuum mixing technics on the properties of LAW cast model investment and on the accuracy of cast model frameworks of cobalt chromium-molybdenum alloys. 3. Discussion of the results and conclusions on the processing of the investment compound]. PMID- 7034302 TI - [Denture planning in class IA edentulousness]. PMID- 7034303 TI - Antihypertensive agents: role of therapeutic drug monitoring. AB - Hypertension is a disease more common to advanced societies, possibly due to diet and life style. It is a disease that can be readily controlled, and active efforts to decrease blood pressure correlate with decreased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Important in the armamentarium of the physician dealing with hypertension are a variety of drugs. The common drugs include diuretics (thiazides, loop of Henle diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics), beta-blockers, alpha-agonists, neuron-blocking drugs, and vasodilators. The role of monitoring the blood concentration of each of these drugs in the interest of enhancing clinical usefulness is reviewed in light of the pharmacology of each drug group. We conclude that clonidine, guanethidine, hydralazine, and prazosin have properties that lend themselves to monitoring. Propranolol, metoprolol, nadolol, and alpha-methyldopa are drugs that have pharmacological properties that complicate monitoring. The drugs reserpine and minoxidil have properties that preclude monitoring, and the diuretics should only be monitored under unusual circumstances. PMID- 7034304 TI - Evaluation of the provision of rapid drug plasma assays in an outpatient anticonvulsant clinic. AB - The benefits of providing a rapid assay service for phenytoin and carbamazepine were assessed during a 3-month study in an outpatient anticonvulsant clinic. Fifty-three patients were tested using the EMIT assay system, and a questionnaire was used to compare the physicians' choice of drug dosage and appointment interval before and after each patient result was available. Results were in the therapeutic range for 10 (24%) of the 42 patients on phenytoin and 20 (74%) of the 27 on carbamazepine. The management of 29% of the patients on phenytoin and 22% on carbamazepine was affected, with approximately equal numbers of changes made to dosage (phenytoin 19%, carbamazepine 15%) and appointments (phenytoin 19%, carbamazepine 11%). Of 34 patients with subtherapeutic plasma concentrations, 19 (56%) did not have their doses altered because their seizures were well controlled. Five patients had phenytoin concentrations above 80 mumol/l, but only 1 had toxic symptoms. The dose was lowered in 2 cases, and 2 more were reduced at the next visit when symptoms of toxicity had developed. It was concluded that both clinical evidence and drug plasma concentrations were considered when making decisions about patient management. The rapid assay service was useful for detecting noncompliers, confirming suspected toxicity, and aiding decision making in doubtful cases. PMID- 7034305 TI - Theophylline homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (Syva EMIT) adapted to the Cobas-Bio Centrifugal Analyzer. PMID- 7034306 TI - Expanding older persons' belief systems. PMID- 7034307 TI - Imagery and health intervention. PMID- 7034308 TI - Biofeedback-relaxation therapy for hypertension. PMID- 7034309 TI - The susceptibility of chickens to Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi. AB - Three series of experiments were conducted to investigate the refractoriness of chickens to Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi. Firstly, 60 newly hatched chicks were inoculated with either bloodstream trypomastigotes or triatomine faecal stages of T. cruzi. The chicks were kept at low ambient temperatures, then killed at intervals and examined for infection by direct microscopy of body fluids, xenodiagnosis and sub-inoculation of mice with peritoneal fluid, blood and organ suspensions. None of the chicks supported growth of T. cruzi. Secondly, 19 chicken embryos were inoculated with culture forms of T. cruzi. Nine embryos were then further incubated at 36.5 degrees C and ten at 41 degrees C. Six of the former group were found, by sub-inoculation of blood into culture media, to be infected but all of the latter group were uninfected. Finally, diffusion chambers, containing either culture or faecal triatomine stages of T. cruzi, were surgically implanted into the peritoneal cavity of three chickens and also into rats as controls. T. cruzi survived in the chicken diffusion chambers for up to three hours but not to 18 hours, whereas in the chambers in the control rats living T. cruzi organisms were found up to the end of the observation period of seven days. These results suggest that the insusceptibility of chickens is mainly due to humoral factors but that the high body temperature of 41 degrees C may also play some part. PMID- 7034310 TI - Serum concentrations of chloroquine in a patient with a late recrudescence of Kenyan Plasmodium falciparum malaria. AB - A Swedish tourist who had visited Kenya fell ill with Plasmodium falciparum malaria 11 days after returning home, in spite of taking pyrimethamine (50 mg weekly) as malaria prophylaxis. Chloroquine treatment (25 mg base/kg body-weight) giving serum concentrations of 0.30 mumol/l cleared the patent parasitaemia and the patient recovered. Recrudescence occurred, however, within 42 days. A second chloroquine course (30 mg base/kg) gave serum levels up to 1.28 mumol/l. The patient improved rapidly and remained healthy during 28 days without renewed parasitaemia. Further follow-up for 10 months was uneventful. We consider it urgent to assess chloroquine concentrations in serum in patients being treated for falciparum malaria in order to obtain data on fully effective levels. Ineffective serum levels should be ruled out in cases not responding to chloroquine, especially when chloroquine-resistance is suspected. PMID- 7034311 TI - Doxycycline in the treatment of falciparum malaria among aborigine children in West Malaysia. AB - Doxycycline in a single dose was found to be a valuable drug in the treatment of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. It was less effective in a single daily dose of 4 mg/kg body-weight for four days, when it cured only five out of nine patients, while a dosage of 4 mg/kg body-weight for seven days cured 23 out of 26 patients. PMID- 7034312 TI - Field experiments of dispersive flight by Triatoma infestans. AB - Using marked male Triatoma infestans allowed to escape and fly on a little-used airport in Brazil and salt flats in Argentina, 33 of 169 flew in the former and 28 of 528 in the latter experiment. Many of the bugs which flew had been classed as poorly fed. The proportion of bugs which flew was in reasonable agreement with predictions based on laboratory observations. It was shown that in the field male bugs are capable of flights in excess of 100 m. The method described served the purpose of this experiment well but would not be suitable for distances greater than 100 to 200m. PMID- 7034313 TI - Litomosoides carinii infection in cotton-rats: evolution of microfilaraemia before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine and suramin. AB - The activity of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and suramin (S) on Litomosoides carinii filariasis was assessed by the study of microfilaraemia in 30 cotton-rats (Sigmodon hispidus). DEC (per os) and S (injected subcutaneously) were administered alone or in combination, at doses of 50 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days. 15 rats were treated at day 91 after infection and 15 others at day 184. The immediate but temporary efficacy observed with DEC was in contrast to the delayed and long-lasting effect of S. With combined therapy there was neither antagonism nor synergism. The demonstration of an apparently smaller reduction of parasitaemia in the rats treated with DEC before the plateau phase of the microfilaraemia was consistent with the lack of action of this drug on microfilariae outside the blood system. PMID- 7034314 TI - Imported malaria in a hospital in Paris. AB - The number of cases of imported malaria diagnosed by the Parasitology Laboratory of the Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital Group in Paris has shown a significant increase in recent years. From 1970 to 1979, 443 cases were diagnosed and the annual number recorded during this period rose from seven to 93 cases. This is causing anxiety since Plasmodium falciparum is the principal species observed, affecting two out of three patients. The principal epidemiological characters of malaria imported into France, the diagnostic difficulties and the therapeutic schedules are shown in a study of 192 case histories of patients observed by the authors. PMID- 7034315 TI - Carriage of group-B streptococci in women and newborn infants in Brazil. PMID- 7034316 TI - Henry Wellcome: architect of tropical opportunities. PMID- 7034317 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: recent biochemical advances. PMID- 7034318 TI - The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of circulating antigen and antibody in Schistosoma haematobium-infected baboons. AB - The ELISA was used to measure circulating antigen and antibody in four baboons of which three were treated. The circulating antigen appeared earlier after infection than the antibody which eventually, however, reached a higher level. Both antigen and antibody levels increased slightly after treatment and thereafter declined to reach background levels eight weeks later. It is concluded that the ELISA has a potentially useful role in detecting both antibody and circulating antigen and that it may be successfully used in evaluating the efficacy of schistosomicides. PMID- 7034319 TI - Autoantibodies and chronic Chagas's heart disease. AB - Serum samples from 150 individuals from an area in Brazil where Chagas's disease is endemic were examined for the presence of autoantibodies (EVI and PN). Patients were divided into four groups according to the diagnostic value and prognostic significance of electrocardiographic changes. Results confirmed a close relationship between the EVI and PN antibodies and chagasic infection but their presence does not appear to relate to the severity of Chagas's heart disease. PMID- 7034320 TI - Dietary suppression of rodent malaria. PMID- 7034321 TI - A microscopic slide preparation of cercariae for the indirect fluorescent antibody test for schistosomiasis. PMID- 7034322 TI - The sickle cell trait in the Santhals of Ajodhya hills of Purulia district, West Bengal. PMID- 7034323 TI - A brief history of the Wellcome Museum of Medical Science. PMID- 7034325 TI - Medicine and health in the tropics: a brief history of Britain's role with a comment on its future. PMID- 7034324 TI - Britain's role in tropical veterinary medicine: past, present and future. PMID- 7034326 TI - Britain's contribution to health and medicine in tropical countries through medical missions. PMID- 7034327 TI - Tropical medicine and research in British territories overseas. PMID- 7034328 TI - [Effect of protein synthesis inhibitors on D-xylose transport in frog muscle tissue]. AB - The action of puromycin and cycloheximide on the uptake of D-xylose in isolated frog sartorius muscles has been studied. Cycloheximide and puromycin were found to stimulate the basal transport of xylose and to inhibit the insulin-stimulated sugar uptake. On the other hand, both these antibiotics did not affect the sugar transport stimulated by 2,4-dinitrophenol. Both of them, even at a high concentration (up to 0.1 mg/ml), inhibited the incorporation of leucine or valine into muscle proteins by 50% only, whereas they did inhibit the sugar transport at a concentration much lesser by several orders. The inhibitors of protein synthesis are supposed to affect directly the signal transmission from insulin receptors to the sugar transport system. PMID- 7034329 TI - [Growth of continuous and primary cell cultures on a liquid surface]. AB - A possibility to culture reinoculated BHK-21 cells and primary human embryo fibroblasts on the surface of liquid fluorocarbon is shown. Two types of growth of BHK cells on liquid surface can be distinguished: with the spreading of cells on the surface and formation of a monolayer, and with growth without cell spreading and with accumulation of cells in the form of clusters and small groups. Adhesion of cells to the liquid fluorocarbon surface is found to be weaker compared to the reproduction on the solid surface. PMID- 7034330 TI - [Aleksei Viktorovich Zhirmunskii (on the 60th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7034331 TI - Serum sulfhydryl concentrations in patients with malignant lymphoma. PMID- 7034332 TI - Postoperative radiotherapy in N- breast cancer. A retrospective case-control study. AB - The role of postoperative radiotherapy in N- breast cancer with centrally or medially located tumors is still controversial. The authors report the results of a retrospective non-randomized case-control study of T1-2 N- breast cancer patients with centrally or medically located tumors, treated or not with postoperative radiotherapy after radical mastectomy. Sixty-four patients were treated with postoperative radiotherapy (Co-60) to the internal mammary chain and supraclavicular nodes. Sixty-four control cases, matched by T size and site, N status, age and menstrual status and simply followed-up after radical mastectomy were selected. No significant differences in actuarial recurrence and NED survival rates were observed at 5 years in the 2 compared groups, thus indicating that postoperative radiotherapy for patients with N- centrally or medially located breast cancers is not worthwhile treatment policy. PMID- 7034333 TI - [Topography of hydrolytic enzymes in the oral mucosa of rats and dogs]. AB - The activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases, RNases, DNase, BAEE-esterase, tissue proteases, peroxidase was determined in the oral cavity mucosa of rats and dogs. The essential topographical differences in the studied activity and its species peculiarities are found. The enzymic heterogeneity of the oral cavity mucosa may affect the frequency and the character of development of different pathological processes in it. PMID- 7034334 TI - [Effect of manganese on the sugar content, hexokinase and insulin activity of rabbit blood]. AB - The paper deals with the effect of manganese on the sugar content and the hexokinase and insulin activity in the rabbit blood. The trace element in a dose of 0.1-3.0 mg/kg has a definite hypoglycemic effect. The sugar level lowers significantly during the whole period of the experiment with administration of 0.6 and 3.0 mg/kg of manganese; the activity of hexokinase and insulin being significantly increased. It is supposed that a change in the enzyme and insulin activity under the effect of manganese is one of the reasons of the sugar level decrease in the blood. PMID- 7034335 TI - [Hemolytic uremic syndrome. Treatment by plasma exchange]. PMID- 7034336 TI - [Alloplastic total hip replacement in Denmark in 1979]. PMID- 7034337 TI - [Should stable asthma be treated with a nebulizer or spray?]. PMID- 7034338 TI - [Acupuncture management of chronic facial pain. A double-blind cross-over study]. PMID- 7034339 TI - [Acupuncture therapy of chronic unilateral tinnitus. A double-blind cross-over study]. PMID- 7034340 TI - Bo Hellman. PMID- 7034341 TI - Significance of argyrophil parenchymal cells in the pancreatic islets in persistent neonatal hypoglycemia with hyperinsulinism of familial type. PMID- 7034342 TI - Light scattering analysis of rat and mouse islet cells in the fluorescence activated cell sorter. PMID- 7034343 TI - Potentialities of bioluminescence analyses in research on the pancreatic islets. AB - Progress in bioluminescence assay permits not only determinations of nucleotide and substrate concentrations, but also estimation of concentration shifts. The analyses can be extended to comprise Ca2+ since the Aequorea system is sensitive enough for applications in islet research. By connecting the bioluminometer to a microprocessor with a suitable readout device, it is possible to collect and evaluate large amounts of data which may be required in studies of concentration shifts. Thus, blanks, samples and standards can be processed completely within short time periods so that the light-yielding solutions remain stable. PMID- 7034344 TI - Uptake mechanisms of 5-HT in pancreatic beta-cells. PMID- 7034345 TI - Importance of cellular calcium stores in glucose-stimulated insulin release. PMID- 7034346 TI - Effects of glucose on the calcium content of intact beta-cells and cellular organelles. PMID- 7034347 TI - On the metaphysics of membrane potential in islet cells: studies with triphenylmethylphosphonium. PMID- 7034348 TI - Inhibition by alloxan of mitochondrial anion transport. PMID- 7034349 TI - Effects of alloxan on the islets of langerhans: why does alloxan not stimulate insulin release? PMID- 7034350 TI - Enhanced insulin secretion in vitro as a consequence of ventromedial hypothalamic lesions in the rat. PMID- 7034351 TI - Diabetes in pregnancy: a rat model for the study of fetal complications. PMID- 7034352 TI - Has the time come to bridge the gap between basic and clinical research in the field of diabetes? PMID- 7034353 TI - Nesbit procedure in the treatment of congenital penile deviation. A report on 20 cases. PMID- 7034354 TI - One-stage hypospadias repair by free full-thickness skin graft and island flap techniques. PMID- 7034355 TI - Mobilization of the anterior urethra as an aid in the one-stage repair of hypospadias. PMID- 7034356 TI - Modification of the one-stage flip-flap procedure to repair distal penile hypospadias. PMID- 7034357 TI - Hypospadias cripples. AB - The term "hypospadias cripple" is an apt one. The successful surgery of this condition requires radical correction of all deformities, preferably in a single stage. In doing this one must be conversant with virtually all the existing methods of hypospadias repair and be able to apply them appropriately. PMID- 7034358 TI - [Experience in the clinical use of cryopreserved cornea]. PMID- 7034359 TI - A summary of serologic tests used to detect common infectious diseases of animals. PMID- 7034360 TI - Study of combined injections of 1 alpha-hydroxy-cholecaldiferol and cloprostenol in the prevention of parturient paresis. AB - Dairy cows were injected with 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1 alpha-HCC) and, or, cloprostenol at 275 days of gestation. Blood samples were taken daily from 270 days of gestation until seven days after parturition and analysed for calcium, inorganic phosphate, magnesium and hydroxyproline. In all treated and control cows concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphate and magnesium decreased around the time of parturition. Concentrations of hydroxyproline increased from the second to the fourth day after parturition. This increase was slightly smaller in cows injected with cloprostenol but was unaffected by 1 alpha HCC. There was a greater indicence of retained placenta and endometritis in cows receiving cloprostenol. The injection of cloprostenol with 1 alpha-HCC at 275 days of gestation did not prevent milk fever. PMID- 7034361 TI - Nasal aspergillosis in three horses. AB - Three horses were referred for investigation of a unilateral foul smelling scanty nasal discharge, complicated in one case by intermittent epistaxis. Thick purulent material or a mycotic plaque was identified by an endoscopic examination of the middle meatus but in two horses this had to be repeated under general anaesthesia before the abnormalities were detected. Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured from all three cases and septate hyphae were identified on smears from lesions. Histological examination of the lesion in one case revealed a fungal mycelium. Topical treatment with natamycin solution in all cases plus nystatin in two of the horses resulted in complete recovery from the condition in two cases but in one case the problem recurred. The aetiology of nasal aspergillosis remains uncertain. PMID- 7034362 TI - Zinc concentration in plasma during experimental Salmonella dublin infection and endotoxin induced fever in calves. PMID- 7034363 TI - [Pathomorphological changes in colibacteriosis in pigs]. AB - A total of 46 suckling piglets spontaneously affected with colibacteriosis and 20 pigs aged from 1 to 10 days, experimentally infected with two strains of Escherichia coli (0149 and 0138) were investigated morphologically. Both in the animals with spontaneous infection and in those with experimentally induced disease there were severe morphologic lesions not only in the small intestines, but also in the other viscera and the brain. Catarrhal to hemorrhagic enteritis was observed in 56.5 per cent of the spontaneous cases and 57.1 per cent of the test animals. Parenchymal dystrophy with hemorrhages were seen in the liver in 89.1 per cent of the pigs of the first group and 57.1 per cent of those of the experimental group. Kidney lesions were noted in 65.2 per cent and 28.6 per cent, respectively. Spontaneously affected piglets showed bacterial thrombi in the lumen of some small blood vessels, and in the adrenals (23.9 per cent) and the thymus (13.00 per cent). In the brain there was meningoencephalitis in 54.3 per cent of the spontaneously affected animals and in 85.9 per cent of the experimentally infected ones. In the test animals infected with serotype 0149 there were more serious morphologic changes than in those infected with serotype 0138. It was demonstrated that occasionally pathogenic E. coli organisms had a broader spectrum of action in the body of host sucklings. So colibacteriosis is considered a severe generalised disease which runs its course in sucking pigs as septicaemia and toxaemia. PMID- 7034364 TI - [Metabolic activation and the mutagenic properties of carcinogenic N-nitramines in a liquid incubation test]. AB - The study established the mutagenicity of carcinogenic dimethylnitramine and nitromorpholine in a liquid-incubation system using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and TA 1530 as indicator, in the presence of hepatic postmitochondrial supernatant obtained from 1254 aroclor-treated rats, oxygen and NADP+--generating system. Synthesis of mutagenic metabolites of nitramines was in correlation with the level of N-dimethylase activity. Ascorbic acid and disulfiram efficiently inhibited intramune-induced mutagenesis. Metabolic activation of nitramines involves (a) conversion of nitramines to nitrosoamines due to reduction of a nitro group, (b) hydroxylation by means of multi-function oxydases, and (c) heterolysis resulting in the formation of an end metabolite which is actually responsible for carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. PMID- 7034365 TI - [30th anniversary of the All-Union Oncological Science Center of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR]. PMID- 7034366 TI - [Controlled trial of cyclophosphamide, azathioprine and chlorambucil in lupus nephritis (the double-blind method)]. PMID- 7034367 TI - [Late results of the D-penicillamine treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7034368 TI - [Zinc in normal and pathological states]. PMID- 7034369 TI - [Use of a dry Similac mixture (with iron) in feeding infants in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 7034370 TI - Detection of platelet-bound and serum antibodies in autoimmune thrombocytopenia by enzyme-linked assay. AB - Platelet antibodies were looked for in 47 patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia using a modification of the enzyme-linked assay previously described. Surface-bound antibodies measured as increased platelet-associated IgG were found in 32 (68%) of the patients. After incubation in test sera, the platelet-associated IgG of normal donor platelets was significantly increased in 27 of the 47 patients (57%), thus demonstrating the presence of platelet antibodies free in their sera. 6 patients had antibodies only in the serum without any elevation of their platelet-associated IgG. When both tests are evaluated together no antibody was detected by either the direct or the indirect test in 9 of the 47 patients (29%) studied. The technique used is described and the interpretation of our results discussed. PMID- 7034371 TI - Fluorescent bacterial rosetting of lymphocyte subpopulations. I. Methodology. AB - Fluorochrome-labelled bacteria were tested for their rosette-forming properties with human lymphocytes in suspension. Acridine orange stained human buffy coat cells or isolated mononuclear cells are rosetted with tetramethyl-rhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-labelled bacterial strains alone (mono-bacterial rosetting test) or simultaneously with a TRITC-labelled strain and a mutant or taxonomically different strain, labelled with fluorescein-isothiocyanate (double bacterial rosetting test [D-BRT]). Suspensions are centrifuged, washed, finally counterstained with ethidium bromide and examined by fluorescence microscopy. The bacterial binding properties of B cells may be studied by using anti-Ig pretreated mononuclear cells and TRITC bacteria (anti-Ig/BRT). In this study the methodology for bacterial staining, mono-, double- and anti-Ig/BRT is given. Estimation of rosette-forming cells is very accurate, easy and quick due to the bright fluorescence of the bacterial 'beads'. Furthermore, broad applicability of the bacterial rosetting phenomenon to study lymphocyte heterogeneity is gained with the fluorescent assay system. PMID- 7034372 TI - Fluorescent bacterial rosetting of lymphocyte subpopulations. II. Identification of human lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - In a previous study, fluorochrome-labelled bacteria were found to be a very objective tool to investigate human lymphocyte heterogeneity with regard to bacterial rosette formation. The application of these assay systems (mono-, double- and anti-Ig/bacterial rosetting test) to identify lymphocyte subpopulations is given. PMID- 7034373 TI - [Potentials of purification methods for the treatment of acute hepatic coma]. PMID- 7034374 TI - [Eminent Bulgarian physician and scientist (Vasil Mollov)]. PMID- 7034375 TI - [Clinical trial of Alcid V in peptic ulcer therapy]. PMID- 7034376 TI - [Potentials and limits of intracardiac electrocardiography]. PMID- 7034377 TI - [Problems arising in connection with surgical management of renovascular hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - 65 consecutive renal artery stenosis reconstructions for the treatment of severe renovascular hypertension are reported. 63% of the cases were males, 37% females. The disease was caused by arteriosclerosis in 66% of cases and in 23% by fibromuscular dysplasia or other pathological changes of the renal artery; the mean age was 47 in the former. and 31 years in the latter group. An aortorenal saphenous vein bypass was performed in 35% cases, a dacron graft was used in 29% and thrombendarteriectomy was carried out in 23% cases. Positive results were achieved in 68.8% of the patients. 63% of the females became normotensive. Operative mortality due to faulty technique was 4.9% initially. The operative mortality has been zero since 1973. nor have there been any therapeutic failures on a technical basis. No significant correlation was established between age of the patients and result of operation. PMID- 7034378 TI - [The place and importance of history of medicine in the medical curriculum (author's transl)]. AB - Josef Skoda's Ernst Wilhelm von Brucke's. Theodor Billroth's and Hermann Nothnagel's judgements concerning the tasks of teaching history of medicine are discussed in detail. Then a few topics of present-day interest are mentioned: firstly, the changes in view concerning the pathology and clinical picture of angina pectoris over the course of the past century, then Billroth's preparations for his pylorectomy, and the research work carried out to define a cause of arrhythmia perpetua. The feasibility of introducing lectures concerning medical ethics is also dealt with. The starting point for future lectures in the History of Medicine ought to be Paul Diepgen's statement of 1934, i.e., "the most important task of the history of medicine is to serve theoretical and practical medicine as an ancillary science", with the eventual aim, in the widest sense, of benefitting the patients of today's medical students. Max Neuburger's and Erna Lesky's achievements are gratefully and respectfully acknowledged. PMID- 7034379 TI - Surgical treatment of hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal cancer. PMID- 7034380 TI - Resection of midesophageal carcinoma with esophagogastric anastomosis. PMID- 7034381 TI - Surgery for carcinoma of the lower esophagus and cardia. PMID- 7034382 TI - Studies in the healing of intestinal anastomoses. PMID- 7034384 TI - Appendicitis. PMID- 7034385 TI - A comparison of the toxic effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D hexoses on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and protoplasts. AB - The toxicity to the cells and protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae of the sugar analogues modified at carbon 2 increases in the order 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DG), 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (FG) and 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-mannose (FM). The fluorohexoses, similarly as DG, behave generally as analogues of both glucose and mannose, depending on the hexose used as a carbon source in the medium. Relative inhibitions of glucan and mannan synthesis in protoplasts were found to be dependent more on glucose and mannose used as the growth support than on the type of the sugar analogue. Certain degree of structural relationship of fluorohexoses to the corresponding natural hexoses was reflected in their effects on growth of intact cells. Growth on glucose was inhibited most effectively by FM, growth on mannose by FG. The data obtained support the view that the sugar analogues interfere mainly with the glucose-mannose interconversion catalyzed by hexosephosphateisomerases. A comparison of the effects of fluorohexoses and DG on the synthesis of extracellular invertase an intracellular alpha-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase in protoplasts pointed to the fact that all three sugar analogues tested also participate in metabolic control of enzyme synthesis. PMID- 7034386 TI - A novel extracellular proteinase from Bacillus pumilus. AB - Bacillus pumilus NCTC AII6/73 produces a novel extracellular alkaline proteinase whose optimum is pH 9.5. The purified product from ion-exchange chromatography (DEAE-cellulose) was resolved into two bands by polyacrylamide-sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) gel electrophoresis. These had approximate molecular weights of 15.6 x 10(3) daltons, respectively, and a high content of glycine and proline, comprising roughly 50% of the total amino residues. PMID- 7034383 TI - The kallikrein-kinin system in circulatory and metabolic homeostasis. PMID- 7034387 TI - [Coeliac sprue and gut hormones: pathophysiological and clinical aspects (author's transl)]. AB - In adult coeliac sprue patients, intraduodenal instillation of a hypertonic glucose-citric acid solution may release gastrointestinal hormones of the proximal (secretin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, motilin) and distal (enteroglucagon, neurotensin) small intestine and, indirectly, of the pancreas (glucagon, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide). Characteristic plasma hormone profiles can be measured radioimmunologically. The reduced secretin response reflects most sensitively the impaired function of the small intestine. Exposure of the distal small bowel to greater nutrient loads leads to markedly and constantly elevated plasma levels of enteroglucagon. Only after complete functional as well as morphologic mucosal restoration, the increased enteroglucagon concentrations return to normal. On the other hand, the neurotensin response, which is likewise enhanced in active coeliac sprue, is sooner corrected during treatment. Gastrointestinal hormones with predominantly neurocrine action, such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), are apparently less affected by coeliac sprue. Pancreatic hormones are involved in the pathophysiology of sprue only indirectly, e. g. via diminished glucose absorption. PMID- 7034388 TI - [Domperidone affects the interdigestive motility in the jejunum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034389 TI - [Pancreatic pseudocysts. Actual diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Surgical treatment (author's transl)]. AB - The development of modern diagnostic technics (ultrasound and CT) has facilitated diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocysts. The subsequent demonstration of spontaneous resolution (in 25-50%) has however produced new controversies on the optimal therapeutic strategy. In spite of the progress in the area of diagnosis important questions regarding the evaluation of the percutaneous fine needle puncture, the indication for surgical treatment in relationship to the size of the pseudocysts and the optimal timing of surgical measures are still be open to discussion. To clarify these problems a prospective controlled study should be begun. According to most reports operative intervention is indicated if after a period of 6 weeks no spontaneous resolution has been observed. The optimal surgical treatment is thought to be internal drainage, for instance a cystojejunostomy. PMID- 7034390 TI - Ultrastructural damage of in vitro cultured ookinetes of Plasmodium gallinaceum (Brumpt) by purified proteinases of susceptible Aedes aegypti (L.). AB - Previous in vivo studies have implicated trypsin-like proteinases in the destruction of ookinetes of Plasmodium gallinaceum in the gut of the susceptible mosquito Aedes aegypti (Gass 1977). An in vitro study has shown that the ookinetes are destroyed by crude extracts of blood-fed A. aegypti and that this destruction is largely inhibited by an inhibitor of mosquito proteinases, lima bean trypsin inhibitor (Gass and Yeates 1979). In the present study ookinetes of P. gallinaceum have been incubated with highly purified preparations of the three principal trypsin-like proteinases of A. aegypti. It is shown that all three enzymes destroy the ookinetes and that the purified preparations are about as active as crude mosquito extracts. PMID- 7034391 TI - [Structural and functional changes in proteins during aging and their possible mechanisms]. PMID- 7034392 TI - [Interrelation between immunogenesis and the hemostasis system: a common system of body protection]. PMID- 7034393 TI - [Evolutionary dynamics of the epithelial formations of the esophageal tract in light of Severtsov's theory of phyloembryogenesis]. PMID- 7034394 TI - [Observation on the course of arterial hypertension after kidney transplantation]. AB - The behavior of blood pressure was investigated in 65 transplantation (Tx) patients in a nephrological outpatient service for an average of 18.6 months after Tx. Before Tx 2/3 of the patients exhibited hypertension, after Tx this was reduced to 1/2. No correlation was found between behaviour of blood pressure and such factors as renal function, incidence of rejection episodes, prednisolonee dose, diabetes mellitus and urinary function, incidence of rejection episodes, prednisolon dose, diabetes mellitus and urinary tract infection of the Tx. Only in patients with glomerulonephritis as original renal disease there was in increased incidence of hypertension before and after Tx. Causes of hypertension are discussed and demonstrated in the case of Tx arterial stenosis. PMID- 7034395 TI - [Arterial stenosis of the transplanted kidney (clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment)]. AB - In 9 patients, at various periods after kidney transplants, arterial stenoses were found, associated with malignant stable hypertension (arterial blood pressure 220 - 260/160 - 180 mm Hg) and a deterioration in the functioning of the transplanted kidney. In order to arrive at a more precise diagnosis the following tests were carried out: isotope renography with I-131 Hippuran, rheovasonephrography, thermography, electrothermometry, selective angiography. Reconstructive operations were carried out on the vessels of 4 patients, after which the arterial blood pressure returned to normal without the use of antihypertensive agents and the functioning of the allotransplant was restored, 5 patients were not operated on: 2 died following disturbances of the cerebral circulation. In 3 patients the functioning of the transplanted kidney was not disturbed and the hypertension could be treated medicinally. PMID- 7034396 TI - [Cadaveric kidney transplantation in patients over 55 years]. AB - The progress of 24 patients aged over 55 who received kidney transplants from dead bodies is compared with that of 42 recipients aged under 55. The functioning of the transplants and mortality do not differ in the two groups 3 and 12 months after transplantation. However, in the group of older transplant patients we found a high incidence of analgesic nephropathies, twice as many associated cardiac complications and an increased incidence of tumours. It seems no longer justifiable to withhold such kidney transplants from patients over 55 on grounds of age. PMID- 7034397 TI - Effect of anilazine on growth, respiration and enzyme activity of Escherichia coli. AB - The effect of anilazine on growth, respiration and enzyme activity of E. coli has been studied. Anilazine delays the growth of E. coli by prolonging the lag period. It inhibits glucose oxidation by 60% and succinate oxidation by 100%. It also inhibits in vitro succinic dehydrogenase activity. It seems that the inhibition of E. coli by anilazine is because of inhibition of respiratory enzymes. PMID- 7034398 TI - [The growth of thermophilic fungi strains Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor lusitanicus in n-alkane medium (author's transl)]. AB - Growth parameters of the thermophilic hydrocarbon utilizing strains Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor lusitanicus in n-alkanes (KW)- and glucose (GIc)-medium in standing and fermenter cultures were investigated. The temperature limits for growth were dependent on the medium composition. The temperature range for sporulation was smaller than for the hyphal growth. Both strains were cultivated on carbon limitation with subsequent determinations of n-alkanes glucose, ammoniumsulfate-nitrogen, phosphate-phosphorus and the trace elements Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe. A method for estimation of hydrocarbon utilization was developed. In a medium containing a mixture of n-alkanes and glucose as C-sources the strains utilized at first glucose. Both the strains excreted monocarbon acids with a low carbon number into the culture liquid. The results were discussed. PMID- 7034399 TI - [Background and experience of adjuvant cytostatic therapy in gastrointestinal cancer (author's transl)]. AB - Survival rates for patients with colorectal cancer have remained unchanged during the last 30 years. Every third patient with colon cancer Dukes' C and every fourth patient with rectal cancer Dukes' C survives 5 years. Of the patients who succumb to colorectal cancer, 85% will die within 3 years from diagnosis. There are many studies concerning the mechanisms of adjuvant chemotherapy. Its effectiveness has been proven in animal experiments. Micrometastases have a large growth fraction, few non-proliferative cells, and because of this, increased sensibility to cytostatics. Adjuvant chemotherapy aimed at treating occult metastases. In colorectal cancer the combination of 5-FU and Nitrosurea has been shown to have a better effect than 5-FU alone. Grage et al. have shown patients with colorectal cancer Dukes' C to have a longer tumour-free interval with adjuvant 5-FU, and this treatment gives patients with rectal cancer a prolonged survival time. In an adjuvant study, peroral 5-FU 90 days versus placebo did not show any effect. In another adjuvant study Vincristin, CCNU and 5-FU treated patients had fewer tumour recurrences than control patients. The observation time is, however, rather short. Adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer has shown promising results and it is hoped that further attempts with other forms of cancer in the gastrointestinal tract will also yield the same results. PMID- 7034400 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (33)]. PMID- 7034402 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (34)]. PMID- 7034401 TI - [Microsurgical anastomoses between extra- and intracranial arteries (author's transl)]. AB - 86 patients underwent microanastomoses to branches of the anterior-, medial-and posterior cerebral arteries and the inferior cerebellar artery. Intraoperative electromagnetic measurement yielded a mean flow of 33 ml/min with a velocity of 11 to 54 cm/s. The brain circulation increased by a percentage of 38. In a percentage of 90 postoperative angiographic controls turned out anastomoses to be patent. By this surgical technique unilateral brain circulation can be improved significantly. PMID- 7034403 TI - [About repellents. Situation and bibliographic survey (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034404 TI - Microbial colonization of prosthetic devices. IV. Scanning electron microscopy of intravenous catheters invaded by yeasts. PMID- 7034405 TI - [Studies on survival of salmonellae on agricultural areas (author's transl)]. AB - Subsequent to experimental contamination of grass plots, the persistence of Salmonella typhimurium has been investigated under outdoor climatic conditions. The studies showed the following results: -in the usually shaded zones of the blade of grass near the subsoil and in the superficial soil layer itself, the Salmonella could be reisolated over a period of 28-77 days by Salmonella enrichment methods. On the other hand, the indicator bacteria could be reisolated from the apical zone of the blade of grass for only a maximum of 5 days by the same microbiological methods. In general however, regular isolations of Salmonellae were possible for only a third part of the maximal survival time, which could be detected in the actual experiments. -longer periods of sunshine in connection with only few rainfall seemed to reduce the survival times of the indicator bacteria. The results lead to the conclusion, that an interval of 6 weeks between spreading of liquid manure and the first drive to pasture will result in decreased risk of bacterial infection for grazing animals. PMID- 7034406 TI - Comparative studies of some biochemical properties of human and bovine Streptococcus agalactiae strains. AB - Both, bovine and human strains of Str. agalactiae grew well in sterile cow-milk, the majority of bovine strains curdled the milk. The majority of human strains grew well in human urine. Bovine strains, isolated from the milk of cows from large socially-owned farms, had biochemical properties characteristical for bovine strains. Bovine strains, isolated from the milk of cows of private raisers and human strains, isolated from the raisers of the cows, deviated in their characteristical biochemical properties. It seems, that with these strains it came to reciprocal influences. This confirms our previous presumption, that infection due to Str. agalactiae in humans and cows may take a reciprocal course, if the circumstances are adequate. The tracing of infection sources is possible only by serotyping. PMID- 7034407 TI - [Antibodies against tumor associated antigens of human bronchogenic carcinoma: demonstration by anti-complement immunofluorescence (author's transl)]. AB - A method of anti-complement immunofluorescence is described for semiquantitative measurement of antibodies in 281 sera samples obtained from patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Tests were performed on frozen sections of 17 human bronchogenic carcinoma. - 168 sera obtained from healthy persons were used as control. Tumor and control sera were also tested on frozen sections of 10 normal lungs. - The intensity of fluorescence was measured by incident light with the aid of a Leitz microscope photometer. In comparison to control sera the mean values of fluorescence intensity of the tested 281 tumor sera were significantly higher when frozen sections of bronchogenic carcinoma were used. - In order to allow for the different content of antigens in the bronchogenic carcinoma we have calculated the rations of the tested tumor and control sera on tumor and normal sections. - The percentage of positive results showed strong dependence on the histological type of the bronchogenic carcinoma used as frozen section and differed between 16,3 and 69,1%. The highest percentage of positive reactions resulted when tumor sera were tested on frozen sections of undifferentiated bronchogenic carcinoma. Besides that sera from patients suffering from small cell bronchogenic carcinoma gave more positive results than sera from patients with other bronchogenic carcinoma. - In 78,3% of the carcinoma were tested on frozen sections of undifferentiated bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7034408 TI - [Contributions to the vertical development of the airborne microflora above a junction in the Hungarian capital of Budapest (author's transl)]. AB - Over a period of one and a half years aerohygienic microbiological analyses by means of sedimentation were carried out in the highest building of Budapest, the tower block which houses the theoretical institutions of the Semmelweis University. While it was possible to culture quite frequently pathogenic and indicator bacteria (microbes of human origin) in the floors close to the ground, their occurrence decreased more and more in the upper stories. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) also diminished from the bottom to the top. In addition, the microbiological parameters depended to a considerable extent on the direction of the sampling points. Most pathogens were borne on the coarse dust of the north-easterly wind which usually prevails in the capital. The expected summer maximum was only found in blood dishes and at observation points on a lower level. The seasonal influence, however, became apparent as expected. A detailed analysis of our results points to the microbiological air contamination caused by the ventilation systems in the largest buildings. PMID- 7034409 TI - [Relationship between bacterial resistance to antibiotics and to the bacteriophage ZAR2]. PMID- 7034410 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of Pseudomonas infections]. PMID- 7034411 TI - [Separation of Shigella toxins into fractions differing in biological activity and characteristics of the fractions inducing penetration in avirulent strains]. AB - The results obtained in the study of the biological activity of the lysates of 14 Sh. flexneri and Sh. sonnei strains differing in their virulence are presented. In the lysates of the virulent cultures 2 kinds of biological activity corresponding to the fractions of peaks I and II could be detected: one fraction possessed HeLa toxicity, the other fraction possessed enterotoxic activity. The avirulent nonpenetrating mutants had no HeLa toxicity, but retained their capacity for producing factors similar to enterotoxin. When added to a nontoxic dose, HeLa toxin produced by the virulent Shigella strains enhanced the penetration capacity of the virulent strains and imparted this capacity to the avirulent cultures of a homologous Shigella species. PMID- 7034412 TI - [Isolation and characteristics of E. coli plasmid-determined K88 antigen]. AB - The advantage of ultracentrifugation over isoelectric focusing in the isolation of antigen K88 from E. coli is shown. The production of antigen K88 is recA independent. The antigen has been found to be nontoxic for mice, to have the isoionic point at pH 4.1 and the sedimentation coefficient 16.6S, to completely consist of protein subunits of 25,000 daltons. The expression of antigen K88 enhances the adhesive properties of the host cell. No relationship between antigen K88 and the supposed adhesins of both Vibrio cholerae biotypes has been established. PMID- 7034413 TI - [Role of hyaluronic acid in the virulence of group A streptococci]. AB - The effect of hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase on the virulent properties of group A streptococci in mice were studied. The passage of streptococci belonging to different serotypes in mice was accompanied by a considerable increase of their virulence and the accumulation of hyaluronic acid. The electron microscopy of the initial and passaged strains allowed one to reveal the presence of considerable differences in their cell wall structure. The passaged strains had a pronounced filamentous and sharply thickened medium layer containing hyaluronic acid. The treatment of passaged streptococci of the infected mice with hyaluronidase did not induce decrease of virulence in the passaged cultures. The data obtained indicate that hyaluronic acid is not a virulence factor for mice. Such virulence may be determined by some component, not yet identified, of the filamentous layer of the cell wall in group A streptococci. PMID- 7034414 TI - [Preparation and study of Bordetella parapertussis 17903 strains carrying plasmids Rts-1 and RP-1]. PMID- 7034415 TI - [Antigenic characteristics of a preparation obtained by a non-destructive method from Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei]. PMID- 7034416 TI - [Liver and kidney function after immunization with an enteral vaccine from Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei antigens (blood biochemical test data)]. PMID- 7034417 TI - [Serum enzyme dynamics in progressive muscular dystrophies]. AB - The activity of serum enzymes, such as, creatine kinase (CK), pyruvate kinase (PK), aldolase (ALD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SbDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glutamate-aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamate alanine aminotransferase (ALT), myokinase (MK), glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI), alkaline phosphatase (AlkP), pseudocholinesterase (PsCHE) isocitrate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP), was determined in 256 patients with progressing myodystrophy (PMD) (Duchenne's form in 125, Becker's form in 14, pelvicohumeral form in 36, humeroscapulofacial form in 19, ocular form in 10, other rare forms in 34, and nonidentified forms in 13 patients). In the control group (64 men, 56 women and 50 children), the activity of the enzymes was found to depend on the patients' sex and age. With regard to both parameters, i. e. the degree of the enzyme activity rise and the frequency of the pathological values the most informative were CK, then PK and ALD, and then all the other enzymes. Of all the PMD forms the enzymatic activity appeared to be the highest in patients with the pseudohypertrophic malignant form. By determining the activity of five enzymes (CK, ALD, LDH, AST and ALT) and taking into consideration the patient's age, the onset and the duration of the disease one can distinguish between sick and healthy subjects, as well as between various forms of PMD. PMID- 7034418 TI - [Psychiatric aspect of patient rehabilitation in the late stages of chronic kidney failure using surgical treatment methods (hemodialysis and kidney transplant)]. AB - A complex examination of 270 patients with chronic renal insufficiency at late stages treated by hemodialysis was carried out. In 70 of them the operation of kidney transplantation had been performed. As a result of the examination data on objective possibilities of social and occupation re-adaptation of such patients were obtained. Factors leading to dysadaptation were revealed. A particular attention was paid to the dynamics of the diseases insight, the character of the pathomorphological changes in the brain, the peculiarities of organopsychic disorders and disorders of the cognitive activity. PMID- 7034419 TI - [On the centenary of the birth of L. I. Omorokov (1881-1981)]. PMID- 7034420 TI - [Centenary of the Department and Clinic of Psychiatry in Tartu]. PMID- 7034421 TI - [Use of a minimax algorithm in the differential diagnosis of traumatic intracranial hematomas and cerebral contusions]. PMID- 7034422 TI - [Leo Tolstoy and psychiatry]. PMID- 7034423 TI - [History of the growth of non-provincial psychiatric services in Russia during the 2d half of the 19th century]. PMID- 7034424 TI - [History of psychiatric services in the Tomsk area]. PMID- 7034425 TI - [Status of the blood clotting system in stroke (review of the Soviet and foreign literature)]. PMID- 7034426 TI - Universal secondary structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomal 5S RNA derived from comparative analysis of their sequences. PMID- 7034427 TI - A nonspecific inhibitor of macrophage migration in cell-free ascites of rat Zajdela hepatoma. I. Biological studies on inhibitor formation. AB - Wistar rats were inoculated with Zajdela ascites hepatoma. A nonspecific inhibitor of macrophage migration was detected in the cell-free ascitic fluid during the early phase of tumor growth (at day 4-8). Dose-response curves of cell free ascitic fluids revealed peak migration inhibitory activity at dilutions up to 1:640. The migration inhibitory activity presents a nondialyzable protein, unaffected by freezing, lyophilization, incubation at 60 degrees C for 30 min or pH 2 treatment. In all probability, the presumed factor is produced by the tumor cells as revealed by studies in vitro. PMID- 7034428 TI - A nonspecific inhibitor of macrophage migration in cell-free ascites of rat Zajdela hepatoma. II. Biochemical characterization and purificaton. AB - Macrophage migration inhibitory activity from Zajdela hepatoma ascites (AH-MIF) was characterized by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and isoelectric focusing. The data obtained indicate molecular heterogeneity according to net charge as revealed by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. Furthermore, molecular sieve chromatography with Sephadex G-100 demonstrated the existence of subfractions with molecular weights of about 45,000, 20,000 and 10,000 - 15,000 respectively. Isoelectric focusing revealed further heterogeneity of a subfraction (10,000 - 15,000) eluting at 0.17 - 0.25 M NaCl by ion exchange chromatography. The migration inhibitory factor(s) from Zajdela hepatoma ascites were shown to adsorb to alpha-L-fucose-Sepharose 6B columns. The relationships of AH-MIF to functionally similar tumor-derived factors and to lymphocyte-derived conventional MIF ar discussed. PMID- 7034429 TI - Serum antibodies against Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis after different types of operations. AB - The serum antibody titer against Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis before and after different types of operations was studied in 105 adult patients. The different operations were: pyelo- or ureterolithotomi (32); ileal conduit urinary diversion (20); cholecystectomi (34); operation in the thyroid area (10); operation of varicose veins of the legs (9); and colectomies (10). High serum antibody titers against E. coli were found in 16% of the patients preoperatively. Antibody titres against P. mirabilis were high in 19% of the patients with urinary tract calculus but in none of those without urological disease. The antibody titre against E. coli and/or P. mirabilis increased significantly more often after operation in the urinary tract or colon than after the other operations. Increase of antibody titers were more often seen in patients who preoperatively had normal titres. A normalization of the titers was seen during the following 12 months and in most of those patients within the first 3 months. PMID- 7034430 TI - Gentamicin treatment in severe surgical infections--serum levels, interactions, toxicity and efficacy. AB - A retrospective and a prospective group of 38 and 20 patients respectively were studied with regard to bacterial strains, clinical effect, toxic side effects and serum concentration of gentamicin in severe surgical infections. A high degree of therapeutic efficacy evaluated as cure or improvement was noted (68 and 75% in the two groups). The serum levels were especially closely checked in the prospective study to keep the gentamicin concentration within the therapeutic range but below toxic levels. This aim was achieved in most cases probably explaining the relatively low incidence of side effects (nephrotoxicity 4 and fungal infection 11 patients). The hazards of gentamicin interactions with drugs like furosemide, penicillins or cephalosporins are discussed. PMID- 7034431 TI - Comparison of systemic prophylaxis with metronidazole-fosfomycin and metronidazole-cephalothin in elective colorectal surgery. AB - A comparative randomized study was designed to evaluate the prophylactic effect of two different combinations of antimicrobials, i.e. metronidazole-fosfomycin (n = 30) and metronidazole-cephalothin (n = 28), in elective colorectal surgery. The study was strictly consecutive and the treatment groups comparable. The total rate of surgical septic complications was low (10%) in both treatment groups. No anaerobic infections could be demonstrated and the clinical course was mild in all patients developing septic complications. No other antimicrobial therapy was given. Peroperative bacteriological sampling yielded aerobes and anaerobes in 51 and 32, respectively, of 58 patients. A high percentage of the isolated aerobes and anaerobes were cephalothin-resistant, whereas most aerobes were sensitive to fosfomycin. Only aerobes were isolated from surgical septic sites. The absence of anaerobic sepsis must be ascribed to the metronidazole prophylaxis; the probable reason for the low rate of surgical aerobic septic complications is that antimicrobials, active against aerobes, were included in the prophylactic regimens. The combination, metronidazole-fosfomycin, seems adequate and safe for continued evaluation. PMID- 7034432 TI - Quantitative recovery of contaminating bacteria at operation and the relation to postoperative infection in intestinal surgery. AB - In a prospective study of postoperative septic complications, young patients suffering mainly from inflammatory bowel disease were subjects to elective surgery. The bacterial concentration in the operative field was determined by an irrigation technique. When at least one of two irrigation fluids yielded greater than or equal to 50 CFU/ml of E. coli or S. aureus the risk of postoperative infection was highly increased (p less than 0.0001, Fisher's exact test). PMID- 7034433 TI - Selected postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in colo-rectal surgery on the basis of bacterial concentration in the operative field. AB - A new approach to antibiotic prophylaxis was tested in a prospective study of postoperative septic complications in elective colo-rectal surgery. The degree of contamination in the operative field in a nontreated group was estimated by dipslide technique. When the slide yielded greater than or equal to 5 CFU of a coliform bacterium or S. aureus the patient was judged to be contaminated. This trait was significantly correlated to the development of postoperative infection. All contaminated cases in another group of patients were subjects to prophylaxis within 24 hours after peritoneal closure, using an antibiotic with a favourable MIC concerning the current bacterium (-iae). This resulted in a significant reduction of the rate of infection. These findings challenge the current concept of a very limited effective period of prophylactic systemic antibiotics. PMID- 7034434 TI - Postoperative infections in the small hospital. A prospective one-year study. AB - The results of a prospective study of postoperative infections, especially wound infections, at the small district hospital in Bollnas during 1979 are presented. The material consists of 1409 patients undergoing different types of surgery in an operation unit of old design. All patients were followed for at least one month postoperatively. The overall wound infection rate was 4.7%. In clean surgery 2.3% of the wounds were infected and in potentially contaminated surgery wound infections were encountered in 7.0% of the patients. Other infections mostly urinary tract infection and pneumonia, were observed in 123 patients. For the large majority of affected patients, the only sequela of the postoperative infection was a prolonged stay in hospital and a short-term antibiotic treatment. We conclude that postoperative infectious complications seem to be of minor importance for the overall outcome for surgical patients in the small hospital. PMID- 7034435 TI - The acid secretory response to betazole and insulin hypoglycemia after selective proximal vagotomy for duodenal ulcer. AB - In order to assess the result of vagotomy an insulin test is usually performed postoperatively. The insulin test, however, is associated with troublesome side effects and potentially dangerous. Also its prognostic value as regards ulcer recurrence is doubtful. In this follow-up study of 118 patients, who had selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) performed for duodenal ulcer between 1968 and 1971, the insulin test is compared with a postoperative betazole (Histalog) test. Both tests were carried out 1-3 months after SPV. The insulin tests were classified according to Hollander. For the betazole tests the following criteria were used: the test was classified as negative if the reduction in peak acid output (PAOB) exceeded 50% or if the postoperative PAOB-value was lower than 15 mmol/h irrespective of the preoperative value. Values outside these were considered positive. At the follow-up 5-9 years after surgery, a total of 17 recurrent ulcers were diagnosed. The sensitivity and the specificity - i.e. the percentage of patients with recurrent ulceration and positive criteria respectively patients without recurrent ulcer and negative criteria - were calculated for the tests. Thus, the sensitivity and specificity for the insulin tests were found to be 53% and 84% respectively and for the betazole tests 59% and 91% respectively. The difference is thus very small and it seems that a postoperative test with a non-vagal gastric stimulant gives as good prognostic information as an insulin test after selective proximal vagotomy. However, both tests give a low sensitivity (53% resp. 59%) and therefore the prognostic value regarding ulcer recurrence is doubtful. PMID- 7034436 TI - Immune response in human Chagas disease II. Lymphocyte blastogenesis in patients with chagasic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7034437 TI - [HDL-cholesterol: methods of quantitation and variation]. PMID- 7034438 TI - [Infection caused by hepatitis B virus in a hemodialysis unit. Its epidemiologic importance. Diagnosis and prognosis]. PMID- 7034439 TI - [Triatoma infestans as a vector of hepatitis B virus]. AB - Mosquitoes and bed bugs may play a role in the transmission of hepatitis B virus (H.B.V.). We investigated this possibility with the Triatoma Infestans, which is a hematophagous insect widely prevalent in the Argentine Republic. Triatoma Infestans fed with serum or blood contaminated with H.B.V. were studied at 7, 14, and 21 days after contamination. Stool and insect homogenates were positive for HBsAg at each time checked. Considering the domestic habits and hematophagous condition of Triatoma Infestans, we feel that this insect could also play a role in the transmission of H.B.V. through their bites or dejections. PMID- 7034440 TI - [Endoscopic polypectomy in the diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer]. AB - The rectocolon cancer (RCC) behavior in La Plata is clearly shown to be similar to the one found in high risk countries, both from the epidemiological and the histopathological point of view. The disagreement among different polyps coming from necropsy, endoscopy or surgery is found and discussed in relation to distribution, size and histopathological type. The evidence of de sequence adenoma-carcinoma is once more found in the cases studied. On the other hand, displastics lesions in non-neoplastic flat mucosa are not found. THe malignant potential of the adenomas is found to increase with the increment of their size, villous component and atipia degree. This evidence come from 100 adenomas considered. It is also found that in this sample that the malignant potential is high in small lesions -4,3%of invasive carcinoma on adenomas smaller than 10 mm. In a sample of 1000 colonoscopies, 122 endoscopic polipectomies where performed without evidence of either morbility or mortality. In this material, 4 rectocolonic early cancer were detected in polyps smaller than 10 mm. This fact strongly support the indication of resection in every rectocolonic elevated lesions. 11.4% of total resected polyps were found to be of the early RCC type this figure increases if the incidence of the polipectomy in children is discarded because in this cases adenomatous polyps do not appear in our experience. The clinic-epidemiologic character of 13 early RCC cases followed for periods until 5 years are described. PMID- 7034441 TI - Effect of protein-free parathyroid extract (PF-PTE) and gamma-L-glutamyl-taurine (glutaurine) on X-ray induced hyperglycaemia in the rat. AB - The protein-free parathyroid extract (PF-PTE) and gamma-L-glutamyl-taurine (glutaurine) produced mild hypoglycaemia in rats. Treatment with PF-PTE or glutaurine prevented the development of hyperglycaemia induced by X-ray whole body irradiation with 154.8 or 219.3 or 258.0 mC/kg doses. The plasma IRI values did not change following treatment. It is supposed that glutaurine acts by its antagonistic effect on glucocorticoids but its regenerating effect on the intestinal mucosa cannot be excluded either. PMID- 7034442 TI - Effects of incremental halothane levels on the reflex responses to carotid hypotension in the dog. AB - Arterial baroreceptor function was assessed in trained, chronically instrumented dogs by measuring the systemic haemodynamic responses to brachiocephalic artery occlusion (BCO). BCO was carried out in awake dogs and repeated at end-tidal halothane levels of 0.75 +/- 0.01% (H1), 0.94 +/- 0.02% (H2) and 1.13 +/- 0.02% (H3). Before BCO, at H1 only the increased heart rate and decreased stroke volume were significantly different from awake controls (P less than 0.01). Mean atrial pressure and cardiac output at H2 and H3 were significantly lower than in the awake controls (P less than 0.05). The pressor response to BCO fell progressively with increasing halothane levels, the decrease being significant at the H2 and H3 levels (P less than 0.001). There was a good linear correlation between the pressor response to BCO as a percentage of the response in awake animals, and the end-tidal halothane levels (r = -0.816, P less than 0.001). This indicated a sensitive dose-dependent modification of the haemodynamic response to BCO by halothane. However, halothane levels existed between about 0.7-0.8%, at which levels the average pressor response to BCO was not significantly different from awake values. PMID- 7034443 TI - Central haemodynamics and oxygen transport with and without continuous positive pressure ventilation after open-heart surgery. AB - Twelve patients, subjected 20 h earlier to coronary artery bypass surgery, were studied on discontinuation of the postoperative mechanical ventilation employing PEEP+5 cmH2O (CMV+PEEP). Compared to the values obtained during CMV+PEEP, cardiac index and mixed venous blood oxygen tension increased with change to spontaneous ventilation at ambient pressure, employing a 28% O2 Ventimask for the intubated patient. There was a slight decrease in both the arterial oxygen content and oxygen tension, but the increase in cardiac output compensated well for the lowering in the arterial oxygen content, and consequently the systemic oxygen transport was statistically unaltered. Oxygen consumption, pulmonary shunt fraction and arteriovenous oxygen content difference also remained unaltered. The observations suggest that after open-heart surgery, CMV using a PEEP as low as +5 cmH2O may exert, in comparison to controlled oxygen therapy ;during spontaneous breathing, a significant lowering effect on the already compromised cardiac performance. This necessitates continuous weighing of the beneficial effects obtained by employing postoperative CMV+PEEP, against the adverse haemodynamic effects, although the alterations in cardiac output may partly ensue from the changes in metabolism, muscular effort and oxygen consumption during the two modes of ventilation, although there was no significant increase in oxygen consumption. PMID- 7034444 TI - Enflurane anesthesia in living donor renal transplantation. AB - Two groups of patients undergoing elective living donor renal transplantation were studied during enflurane or halothane supplemented anesthesia. The duration of anesthesia was similar in both groups. The mean administered enflurane dose was 243 vol % min; the corresponding halothane dose was 56 vol % min. In the enflurane group, the mean serum inorganic fluoride level peaked at 21.0 mumol/l 3 h after the end of anesthesia. The inorganic fluoride level in urine produced by the renal graft increased continuously, but did not peak, during the first 24 postanesthetic hours. The renal graft quickly started to function in all patients in both groups. The frequency of rejection reactions was higher in the enflurane group than in the halothane group. Serum creatinine levels decreased rapidly in both groups. Urine flow was high on the day of transplantation, but normalized on the first postanesthetic day. Renal sodium clearance decreased earlier in the enflurane group than in the halothane group. This difference was statistically significant on the first postanesthetic day. In the enflurane group, the required pancuronium dose was significantly lower than in the halothane group. In one patient in the enflurane group, the serum inorganic fluoride level increased to 37.5 mumol/l. In this patient renal tubular function may have been affected, but the change was not conclusive since a pronounced rejection of the graft became evident. Since increases in serum inorganic fluoride level approaching 75% of the threshold level for nephrotoxicity in normal kidneys may occur, enflurane should not be routinely used in anesthesia for renal transplantation. PMID- 7034445 TI - Central haemodynamics and oxygen transport during CPAP with and without mandatory ventilations. AB - Ten patients, subjected 16 h earlier to open-heart surgery (aortocoronary bypass and/or aortic valve replacement), were studied during the weaning period after postoperative mechanical ventilation. Central haemodynamics and oxygen transport were assessed along with total oxygen consumption during continuous positive airway pressure with four mandatory ventilations per minute (mode CPAP + IMV) and, subsequently, during CPAP alone. During the two modes of ventilation, airway pressure was adjusted to be equal during the spontaneous inspiratory phases. All parameters of haemodynamics, oxygenation and oxygen consumption were found to be essentially satisfactory and unchanged during both modes of ventilation. Our observations suggest that, as the parameters studied were unaltered with the change from CPAP + IMV to CPAP, the use of ventilatory support for these patients during the weaning period (in the form of four mandatory ventilations per minute) appears, in terms of central haemodynamics and oxygen transport, to be well tolerated in cases where adequate spontaneous ventilation is in doubt. PMID- 7034446 TI - Distribution of inspired gas to each lung in anesthetized human subjects. AB - The distribution of ventilation in man during halothane anesthesia was studied in a two-compartment lung model in which each lung was ventilated separately by means of a double-lumen tracheal tube. Eight subjects were studied prior to scheduled surgery. Tidal volume distribution was even between the lungs in the supine position (horizontal distribution) as was distribution of dynamic lung compliance, resistance and dead space. The vertical distribution was assessed when the patient was in the left lateral position. Dependent dynamic lung compliance and dead space were lower and lung resistance was higher than in the non-dependent lung. These factors favoured a non-dependent lung ventilation and, moreover, caused a re-distribution from dependent to non-dependent lung during an end-inspiratory pause (EIP), thus increasing the inhomogeneity of ventilation. The application of a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 10 cmH2O improved dependent ventilation and abolished redistribution between the lungs. In conclusion, uneven distribution of dynamic lung compliance and lung resistance causes inhomogeneous ventilation distribution, favouring the non-dependent lung. An EIP enhances and a PEEP reduces the inhomogeneity of ventilation. PMID- 7034447 TI - Local anesthetic drugs: tissue and systemic toxicity. PMID- 7034448 TI - Leukoplakia-like lesions developing in patients with oral discoid lupus erythematosus. AB - In a long-term follow-up of 52 patients with oral lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) 8 patients showed a gradual transition of the typical DLE lesions to lesions which closely resemble leukoplakia. Histopathologically and immunopathologically the leukoplakia-like lesions generally showed features similar to those in leukoplakias not preceded by DLE. Ultrastructurally, the leukoplakia-like lesions showed the presence of cytoplasmic tubular structures in vascular endothelium in two out of three patients examined. The leukoplakia-like stage is considered to be an inactive or scar-like stage, which may be the mucous membrane counterpart of the atrophic scars following DLE lesions of the skin. A primary examination of a DLE patient presenting oral lesions at the leukoplakia like stage may result in an incorrect diagnosis. Therefore, when investigating patients with leukoplakias, they should be questioned on previous or present skin lesions as well as symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7034449 TI - Rational use of fluorides in caries prevention. A concept based on possible cariostatic mechanisms. AB - The aim of this review has been to suggest that future fluoride preventive programs should be based on what is at present known about the possible cariostatic mechanisms of fluoride. The relative role of enamel fluoride in caries prevention has become increasingly questioned during the last two decades. No significant relationship has been demonstrated between caries experience of the individual and fluoride content of the enamel. Furthermore, the fluoride content in surface enamel between teeth developed in low and "optimal" fluoride areas is too small to explain any significant effect on dissolution rate of the enamel. As the major explanation for the cariostatic effect of fluoride must therefore be sought in its local effect on the oral environment, the possible effects on plaque colonization, composition and metabolic activities are discussed. The effect of even low concentrations of fluoride in the liquid phase on enamel dissolution is described, and it is concluded that the major cariostatic effect of water fluoridation, fluoride tooth paste and mouth rinses can probably be ascribed to regular increases in fluoride ion activity in the oral fluids. The effect of high concentrations of topical fluoride solutions is thought to be a result of a slow dissolution of calcium fluoride deposited in initial caries lesions, whereby an increased fluoride ion concentration is maintained locally for longer periods of time. Finally, the clinical consequences of these considerations are described. PMID- 7034450 TI - [Posterior maxillary osteotomy for surgical correction of malocclusion]. PMID- 7034452 TI - [The foundation of the Dental School in Venezuela]. PMID- 7034451 TI - [Hyaluronidase activity in the mouth mucosa during the eruption of the primary molar in the rat]. PMID- 7034453 TI - [Two dental articles in the "Gaceta Cientifica de Venezuela" of 1877]. PMID- 7034454 TI - Timolol and metoprolol in glaucoma. A comparison of the ocular hypotensive effect, local and systemic tolerance. AB - A double-masked cross-over comparison of the ocular hypotensive effect in 19 glaucoma patients between timolol 0.5% - a non-selective beta-blocking agent - and metoprolol 3% - a beta 1-selective blocking agent - disclosed a greater pressure lowering effect (mean 9%, median 7% more) with timolol in a treatment period of 1 month. In patients on timolol treatment 47% - 60% of the eyes could be controlled on an IOP level less than 20 mmHg compared to 34% - 47% of the eyes treated with metoprolol. Metoprolol induced a transitory burning sensation in the eyes of 58% patients compared to 26% treated with timolol. Possible signs of dry eyes manifestations as measured by break-up time, rose bengal and fluorescein 1% staining, tear osmolality and Schirmer test I developed in both the timolol (4 patients) and metoprolol (3 patients) treated group. No significant influence on blood pressure and heart rate was observed. In none had the visual field or visual acuity deteriorated at the end of the study. PMID- 7034455 TI - Lack of lacrimal gland improvement by NA-872 in Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 7034456 TI - Anti-IgG antibodies in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Sixty-two patients, 48 children and 14 adults, with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and 62 age and sex matched controls were studied for anti-IgG antibodies of the classes IgG, IgM and IgA by an indirect immunofluorescence method. IgG anti IgG occurred in 88% of 48 children less than or equal to 16 years and in 64% of 14 patients greater than 16 years with JRA against 2% of the controls. IgM anti IgG occurred in 4% of the children, in 24% of the adults and in 2% of the controls. IgA anti-IgG occurred in 2% of the patients and in none of the controls. The prevalence of IgG anti-IgG was the same in pauciarticular, polyarticular and systemic cases, whereas the titres were higher in polyarticular than in pauciarticular cases, and higher in children with a disease duration of more than 5 years. Higher titres were related to higher ESR and lower hemoglobin values. The relationship of higher titres to clinically active disease was not statistically significant. No relationship was found to age, sex, age at onset, or to the duration of disease. The titres were not related to the concentrations of serum IgG or to the titres of antinuclear antibodies. IgG anti-IgG are common to all the clinical types of JRA, whereas antinuclear antibodies separate the systemic type from pauci- and polyarthritis. Their possible pathogenic significance must therefore be different. PMID- 7034457 TI - Plasma aldosterone elevation due to renal sodium wasting in a boy with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7034458 TI - Neonatal septicemia in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. AB - Twenty-nine cases of neonatal septicemia from Saudi Arabia are described. A high incidence of prematurity (45%) and congenital malformations (45%) were found as predisposing factors. The mortality was 45%, mainly due to severe malformations and late referrals. Thirty-one percent of the cases grew Salmonella enteritidis species and one case of Bacteroides fragilis septicemia and meningitis is reported. Only two of the organisms isolated were sensitive to ampicillin. The importance of doing studies on neonatal septicemia on a local basis is stressed. PMID- 7034459 TI - Children of female renal transplant recipients. AB - Results of follow-up of 5 children, aged 4.5-9 years, who were born to kidney transplanted mothers are presented. Various immunological parameters were mainly within normal limits with the possible exception of 1 child who exhibited a granulocytopenia which normalized at about 5 years of age. Three children whose mothers were carriers of HBsAg during and after pregnancy have become antigen carriers and show slightly elevated levels of liver transferases. One child has a cardiac anomaly and signs of slight neurological dysfunction. In other respects the children are well and show normal psychomotor and somatic development. The rather sparse information from the literature regarding this group of children indicates a surprisingly low frequency of severe physical complications. PMID- 7034460 TI - [Family treatment of a young prepsychotic child]. PMID- 7034461 TI - Patterns of development in very young children. PMID- 7034462 TI - Early mother-child relationship in the light of infant cry studies. PMID- 7034463 TI - [Psychology and psychopathology of twins in a child psychiatric population]. PMID- 7034464 TI - [In memoriam: Miklos Bekesy]. PMID- 7034466 TI - Laboratory animal science. A selected bibliography. PMID- 7034465 TI - [Prof. Sandor Mozsonyi (1889-1976)]. PMID- 7034467 TI - The effects of brief hospitalization upon the psychiatric patient's household. AB - This paper describes the social results of a randomized controlled trial of brief versus standard hospitalization for acute psychiatric inpatients. All the data reported were obtained through the use of a new semi-structured standardized interview schedule, The Patient Behaviour Assessment Schedule (PBAS). Overall, there were no significant differences between groups in the extent of Objective Burden and Subjective Distress experienced by the informant's household. The groups were differentiated, however, on a number of individual items. At the 2 week evaluation Brief Care informants expressed more distress than Standard Care informants arising out of the patient's slowness, but were less distressed by the effect of the patient's behaviour on their work performance. At the follow-up interview Standard Care informants were more affected in their social life and pursuit of leisure activities, while expressing less distress as a result of the patient's overdependence. The sensitivity of the PBAS Distress Scales is demonstrated by comparing the informant's differential emotional response to role and nonrole aspects of the patient's behaviour at different points in time. PMID- 7034468 TI - A double-blind comparison of carbamazepine and clomethiazole in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. AB - The efficacy and tolerability of carbamazepine and clomethiazole in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptoms were compared in a double-blind study with 68 hospitalized patients. Target withdrawal symptoms, the patient's subjective feeling and unwanted effects were recorded daily during the 1 week-treatment period. No significant differences between the two treatments could be demonstrated in the parameters studied. It appears that carbamazepine, which is widely used as an antiepileptic drug, well tolerated and not likely to produce any addiction as such, might offer a valuable alternative treatment for the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. PMID- 7034469 TI - [Aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in patients with kidney transplants (case report and a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7034470 TI - Effect of timolol on platelet aggregation in coronary heart disease. AB - The immediate effect of beta-blockers versus placebo in platelet function was studied in ten healthy men one hour after either 40 mg propranolol, 5 mg timolol or placebo was given. Both beta-blockers had similar platelet effects. They increased the ADP-threshold in a platelet aggregation test and reduced the plasma level of beta-thromboglobulin whereas the primary aggregation remained unchanged. Forty-four patients were given timolol 10 mg twice daily or corresponding placebo medication in a secondary prevention trial after a myocardial infarction. At rest and also immediately after a near maximal exercise test the platelet function was similar on timolol and placebo. During exercise a lower ADP-threshold and a higher plasma level of beta-thromboglobulin was observed irrespective of whether the patients received placebo or timolol. Thus, the acute platelet inhibiting effect of timolol observed after a single dose disappeared during chronic timolol treatment. During 24 hours continuous ambulatory ECG monitoring patients on timolol treatment had significantly less arrhythmias than patients on placebo. A general effect on platelets cannot explain this antiarrhythmic effect of timolol during chronic therapy. PMID- 7034471 TI - Observations on the experimental reduction of infarct size and on the delayed consequences of transient myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7034472 TI - Treatment of acute myocardial infarction with sodium nitroprusside during 24 hours, followed by isosorbide dinitrate. AB - In a controlled randomized study of 328 consecutive patients admitted within 24 hours after the onset of acute myocardial infarction, 163 patients received a sodium nitroprusside infusion during 24 hours, followed by six times a day 5 mg isosorbide dinitrate for seven days and 165 patients received a glucose 5% infusion. Excluded from the study were patients with either pulmonary edema and/or cardiogenic shock, two or more previous myocardial infarctions or a systolic blood pressure of less than 95 mmHg just before entering the study. Sodium nitroprusside was titrated in such a way that systolic blood pressure was kept between 95 and 105 mmHg. Standard medical treatment for both groups was the same. CK-MB was sampled every four hours until peak value was reached. Endpoint of the study was a significant reduction in mortality within a week after starting treatment. PMID- 7034473 TI - Acute intervention with metoprolol in myocardial infarction. AB - Studies in experimental and clinical myocardial infarction support the idea that sympathetic activity and myocardial noradrenaline release play a significant role in the development of myocardial ischemic damage. Betablockade has been shown to limit infarct size and lower the incidence of ventricular fibrillation in experimental models. Betablockade to patients (pts) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been shown to reduce ischemia reflected as reduction of ischemic chest pain, decrease ST-segment elevation and increase lactate extraction. Whether this treatment in the clinical situation can prevent development of infarction, reduce infarct size and early mortality in man remains to be proven. In Goteborg a double-blind study on metoprolol and placebo was started four and a half years ago. Inclusion of pts. in the study has been terminated and survival data will be available on May 1, 1981. 1395 pts. were included of whom 800 developed AMI. Metoprolol 15 mg was given IV followed by a total daily dose of 200 mg/day. The tolerance for betablockade was generally good. Analysis of serum enzyme estimations of maximal LD I + II showed a significant reduction by metoprolol when the treatment was given within 12 hours of onset of pain. In a subgroup consisting of 103 pts. with AMI metoprolol had no clearcut effects on the ventricular arrhythmias during the first 24 hours in hospital. The betablockade resulted in a 15% reduction in heart rate. The main objective of this study, the mortality during three months of blind treatment will be published late in 1981. PMID- 7034474 TI - Early intravenous atenolol treatment in suspected acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7034475 TI - The Norwegian Multicenter Study on timolol after myocardial infarction--design, management and results on mortality. PMID- 7034476 TI - The Norwegian Multicenter Study on timolol after myocardial infarction. Part II. Effect in different risk groups, causes of death, heart arrest, reinfarctions, rehospitalizations and adverse experiences. PMID- 7034477 TI - Methodological aspects in the design of secondary prevention trials. AB - The aim of a secondary preventive trial is to produce results that may serve as a basis for therapeutic recommendations to other patients. The natural history of a disease studied including the mortality and reinfarction rate must be known and taken into consideration. The patients should be recruited without selection. By comparing the placebo mortality with expected levels the representativeness of patients can be assessed. One type of treatment can be expected to give different results in different groups of patients with the same disease, thus, prognostic prospective stratification may increase the value of comparisons and conclusions. The registration of end-points should preferably be done by a separate independent organization. Carefully classified specific mortality may be used as a major end-point in addition to total mortality. Similarly, different modes of deaths, e.g. sudden death, may be used if reliable definitions are used. Confounding factors are often difficult to isolate and identify and may have profound effects on the interpretation of a study. In all studies it is mandatory that the patient characteristics on entry do not differ between the different treatment groups. Concomitant treatment should be administered according to standardized criteria. The drop-out rate should be kept at a minimum. The possibility of generalization decreases with increasing drop-out rate. If the follow-up time becomes too long it is likely that at some time the relative benefit becomes less. Since the proportion of non-cardiovascular deaths increases with follow-up and age it may be critical to decide on the relevant follow-up time. PMID- 7034478 TI - Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of vasodilators, nitrates, hydralazine, prazosin and captopril in chronic ischemic heart failure. AB - Vasodilators like nitrates, hydralazine, captopril and prazosin all improve left ventricular function of patients with chronic ischemic heart failure. The influence of these vasodilator agents on coronary hemodynamics and myocardial oxygen consumption, however may not be similar. With nitrates and captopril, improved left ventricular function is associated and with decreased myocardial oxygen consumption; in contrast, with prazosin or hydralazine no consistent or significant change in myocardial oxygen consumption is observed. Thus, the metabolic cost for the improved left ventricular function with these vasodilator agents is not similar. PMID- 7034479 TI - Oral anticoagulation in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. AB - Evidence in favour of oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) in patients suffering from an acute myocardial infarction has been published in 1977 by Chalmers and co workers (New Engl. J. Med. 297, 1091). For OAT after discharge an International Review Group (IRG) concluded in 1970 that "anticoagulant therapy probably prolongs survival at least over two years, but that benefit is as a rule restricted to patients with a history of angina or previous infarction" (The Lancet, 1, 203). Since the IRG finished their analysis, favourable results of four additional comparative studies have been published, three of which were double-blind and performed in the Netherlands. These four studies demonstrated a beneficial effect of adequate oral anticoagulation. The latest study was performed to assess benefits and untoward reactions of long-term OAT in the elderly. Results were published in November 1980 (The Lancet, 2,989). Mortality in the 738 patients who entered the trial, all of whom older than sixty years, having survived a transmural infarction, and having been on OAT for at least six months (mean: six years), was lower in patients on active treatment (p = 0.016), due to the important difference in recurrent myocardial infarction (RMI). Fifty eight RMI's occurred in the placebo group as compared to only twenty in the AC group (p less than 0.01). Fatal cerebrovascular accidents were evenly distributed over the two groups, with a preponderance of haemorrhage in patients on active treatment. No fatal extracranial haemorrhage occurred. Incidence and severity of bleeding complications were in agreement with good patient compliance. No significant relationship was found between the recurrence of infarction and either the age of the patient or the length of treatment before entering trial. The steadiness of the widening gap between the mortality and RMI's observed in the two groups indicates that the efficacy of OAT persisted throughout the entire observation period of two years. PMID- 7034480 TI - Endogenous agents in platelet thrombosis. PMID- 7034481 TI - Prostaglandins and platelet aggregation. AB - Prostaglandins may induce or inhibit platelet aggregation and constrict ro dilate blood vessels. Recent interest has focused on prostaglandins which are derivatives of arachidonic acid including prostaglandin, endoperoxides, thromboxane A2, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin D2 and prostacyclin. Prostacyclin (PGI2) is a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation whose enhanced production by vessel walls should be beneficial. It now appears that the circulating levels of PGI2 in man are extremely low and little is known about the manner in which to increase them. Furthermore, aspirin, in doses of as little as 4 mg/kg inhibits prostacyclin as well as thromboxane formation. Thromboxane A2 may be involved in coronary ischemia because it is a potent vasoconstrictor that is biosynthesized during platelet aggregation. Although thromboxane A2 is very unstable indirect evidence obtained by using thromboxane A generating systems or a stable analogue called carbocyclic thromboxane A2 (CTA2) suggests that it exacerbates ischaemic damage because of a selective increase in vascular resistance due to coronary vasospasm and platelet aggregation which acts to decrease myocardial blood flow. The stable prostaglandins PGD2 and PGE2 are also of interest as both are formed during platelet aggregation. Like PGI2, PGD2 inhibits platelet aggregation. PMID- 7034482 TI - A literature review of the vascular system in the human orbit. AB - Some clinical ophthalmological problems led us to a study of literature data about the blood vessels in the human orbit. This inquiry confronted us with a profound knowledge of individual vessels. Remarkably, the arterial system appears to be in general more variable than the venous system. Radiologists have also noticed the difference in variability between the two vascular systems. Mainly for this reason, they consider topographical information obtained from phlebograms more useful than that obtained from arteriograms. However, the spatial arrangement of the orbital vessels has been given little consideration in literature. The same can be said of the relationship of the vessels with their immediate surroundings, connective tissue. Of the arterial system, only the ophthalmic artery and the posterior ciliary arteries have been described in this way, and only in relation to the optic sheath. Of the venous system, few authors mention the relation of parts of it with elastic tissue and the tight connective tissue of the superior orbital fissure. Only one author observed a complete septal structure in which the superior ophthalmic vein is suspended. The reports on the connective tissue relationships thus appear to be fairly fragmentary. Finally, the architecture of orbital microvascularization has also hardly been dealt with. A field for further anatomical study thus seemed to invite exploration. PMID- 7034484 TI - Current techniques of extraction, purification, and preliminary, fractionation of polar lipids of natural origin. PMID- 7034483 TI - Metabolism of sulfolipids in mammalian tissues. PMID- 7034485 TI - Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen and his times. PMID- 7034486 TI - Conduction failure in demyelination: is it inevitable? PMID- 7034487 TI - Overview of migraine. PMID- 7034488 TI - Basic mechanisms of antimigraine drugs. PMID- 7034489 TI - Agonists and antagonists of vascular receptors. PMID- 7034490 TI - Serotonin precursors in migraine prophylaxis. PMID- 7034491 TI - The epidemiology of disabling headache. PMID- 7034492 TI - Aspects of Acanthocephalan reproduction. PMID- 7034494 TI - Autonomic nervous system and hearing. PMID- 7034493 TI - Inner ear hearing loss in acute and chronic otitis media. AB - Temporary or permanent threshold shift of bone conduction occurs frequently in acute or chronic otitis media. The sensorineural hearing loss is dependent on the age of the patient and the duration of the illness. Fluid in the middle ear may impede sound transmission and oxygen transport to the inner ear. In middle ear inflammation noxious substances may pass across the round window membrane leading to serous labyrinthitis. In therapy ototoxic drugs and operations (tympanoplasty) can cause sensorineural deafness. PMID- 7034495 TI - Drug-induced sudden hearing loss and vestibular disturbances. AB - Today the number of potentially ototoxic substances in high, but the most important class is that of the aminoglycoside antibiotics. The clinical symptoms and signs of the aminoglycoside antibiotic ototoxicity are considered as well as the symmetry of these lesions, their possible reversibility or progressiveness. The data collected up to now concerning the main factors influencing ototoxicity of the aminoglycoside antibiotics are perused. In special paragraphs the intrinsic ototoxic potential of the newer aminoglycoside antibiotics, the influence of the dosage and route of administration, of renal function, preexisting hearing disturbances, individual and familial sensitivity, pregnancy, newborn age and the combination with sound exposure, diuretics and cephalosporins are considered. Finally, the treatment of ototoxic damage is indicated. PMID- 7034496 TI - Electrophysiological findings in patients with sudden deafness: a survey. PMID- 7034497 TI - Control of tsetse flies, Glossina spp. PMID- 7034498 TI - Bovine mycoplasmal mastitis. PMID- 7034499 TI - Contagious equine metritis. PMID- 7034500 TI - Screening for genetic diseases: principles and practice. PMID- 7034501 TI - Skeletal deformities in poultry. PMID- 7034502 TI - Epidemiology of the feline urological syndrome. PMID- 7034503 TI - African swine fever: a reassessment. PMID- 7034504 TI - The action of metronidazole on anaerobic bacilli and similar organisms. PMID- 7034505 TI - Experimental approaches to antifungal chemotherapy. PMID- 7034506 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging: the current state. PMID- 7034507 TI - Pittsburgh pneumonia agent: chest film manifestations. AB - Pittsburgh pneumonia agent, Legionella micdadei, is a Gram-negative, weakly acid fast bacillus, recently recognized as a cause of pulmonary infection in the immunocompromised host. The chest radiographic findings in seven patients with this disease are reported. These consist of single or multiple nodules and segmental infiltrates involving part of all of one or more lobes. A striking feature in this series was the rapid growth of the pulmonary densities. PMID- 7034508 TI - Digital subtraction angiography of the intracranial vascular system: comparative study in 55 patients. AB - Intracranial vessels were examined in 55 patients with both conventional selective catheterization and intravenous digital subtraction angiography using a prototype digital subtraction unit. In 65% of the patients, the digital subtraction angiogram was diagnostic, but the overall quality was inferior to conventional selective angiography. In 22%, the digital subtraction angiogram provided diagnostic information, but there was a significant chance of misinterpreting the results of the study. In 13% of cases, the subtraction angiogram was not diagnostic. As now developed, digital subtraction angiography can replace conventional cerebral angiography for preoperative evaluation of the juxtasellar carotid artery prior to transphenoidal surgery because the large intracerebral vessels are consistently well visualized with digital subtraction. The dural sinuses are better visualized with digital subtraction than with conventional angiography because with digital subtraction all the vessels of the brain are opacified, whereas with conventional angiography, there is a mixture of opacified and unopacified blood in the sinuses. Combined with computed tomography, digital subtraction angiography can replace conventional angiography for determining the preoperative extent and vascularity of tumors. It can be used for postoperative evaluation of aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, extracranial to intracranial bypasses, and after the embolization of vascular lesions. PMID- 7034509 TI - Sonography of polyhydramnios. PMID- 7034510 TI - Captioned films of the deaf. PMID- 7034511 TI - Roster of members of the Convention of American Instructors of the Deaf 1981. PMID- 7034512 TI - Echographic features of posterior left ventricular wall pseudoaneurysm due to Escherichia coli endocarditis. PMID- 7034513 TI - Randomized double-blind comparison of nifedipine and isosorbide dinitrate therapy in variant angina pectoris due to coronary artery spasm. AB - Twelve patients were entered prospectively into a randomized double-blind study comparing the efficacy of nifedipine and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) in the treatment of variant angina pectoris due to coronary artery spasm. Using the diary technique, both anginal episodes and nitroglycerin tablets consumed were recorded during the pretrial, no drug period, and both active drug phases. During the baseline pretrial period, an average of 1.1 anginal episodes/day occurred with reduction to 0.28/day during nifedipine treatment and 0.39/day during ISDN treatment. Headache was the major side effect during ISDN treatment, occurring in 9 of 11 (81%) patients; and nonheart failure related pedal edema during nifedipine treatment, occurring in 4 of 12 (33%) patients. Intolerable side effects necessitating cessation of treatment occurred in two patients during nifedipine treatment and in three patients during ISDN treatment. Patients preferred nifedipine over ISDN because of increased efficacy and fewer uncomfortable side effects. We conclude that both nifedipine and ISDN are effective therapy for coronary spasm, but that nifedipine was more effective and was preferred by the majority of patients. PMID- 7034514 TI - Mechanisms and consequences of pulmonary edema: Cardiac lung, shock lung, and principles of ventilatory therapy in adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7034515 TI - Current status of pulmonary thromboembolic disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. PMID- 7034517 TI - Captopril therapy for severe CHF: hypotensive response in presence of markedly elevated PRA. PMID- 7034516 TI - Diagnostic role of computed tomography in pericardial heart disease: congenital defects, thickening, neoplasms, and effusions. PMID- 7034518 TI - Early mobilization after uncomplicated myocardial infarction. PMID- 7034519 TI - Pharmacy and the pharmaceutical industry, Past, present and future, The People's Republic of China. PMID- 7034520 TI - The ability of localized implants of whole or minced dermis to disrupt pattern formation in the regenerating forelimb of the axolotl. AB - The ability of localized grafts of dermis to alter pattern formation in the regenerating limb of the axolotl was studied. Longitudinal pieces of skin (1/4 of circumference of the limb) were removed from either the anterior or the posterior surface of the upper forelimb. Epidermis was removed by immersion in versene followed by mechanical stripping. The resulting dermis was cross transplanted directly beneath the skin on the opposite side of the limb from which it originated. After 5 days of healing each limb was amputated through the graft at the midpoint of the humerus. High percentages of multiple regenerates resulted. Similar results were obtained when dermis was minced into 1 mm3 fragments prior to cross-transplantation. Freezing or x-raying (2000 rads) the grafts prior to cross-transplantation abolished the effect. Dermis obtained form head skin rarely caused multiple regeneration when implanted into the upper forelimb followed by amputation 5 days later. These results demonstrate that addition of dermis to an intact limb stump profoundly alters pattern formation during regeneration. The effect is dependent upon viable cells that are capable of cell division. PMID- 7034521 TI - Simultaneous enzyme immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen in pleural effusion and serum. AB - A carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) enzyme immunoassay test was used to estimate its value in the differential diagnosis of malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions. Paired pleural fluid and serum CEA determinations were performed in 107 patients, 53 with malignant and 54 with non-malignant pleural disease. CEA values uniformly lower than a cut-off level of 5.0 ng/ml were found in the pleural fluid and the serum in the non-malignant group, whereas in the malignant group, values higher than the cut-off level were present in the pleural fluid in 37 (69.8%), and in the serum in 30 (56.6%) of the examined patients. All 30 patients with elevated serum CEA levels also had pleural fluid CEA above 5.0 ng/ml. The results of this study demonstrate that although pleural fluid CEA values below 5.0 ng/ml do not exclude malignancy, increased values strongly suggest that the fluid is of malignant origin. Pleural fluid CEA determination had a 13.2% higher sensitivity, compared with that of the serum, in detecting malignant pleural involvement, yet with no statistical significance. PMID- 7034522 TI - Fluorescent antibody technic used for identification and typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - A fluorescent antibody technic (FAT) has been developed for identification and typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The technic was first compared with the Neufeld test (NT) using polyvalent antiserum and isolates identified as S. pneumoniae. Of 197 isolates, 191 (97%) were positive by both technic, and six strains (3%) were negative by both methods. Both tests were also used for determination of pneumococcal types agreed in 23 of 25 tests (92%) but the Neufeld test gave false results in 2 of 25 determinations (8%). The polyvalent antiserum was used to examine by FAT direct films obtained from various specimens and the results were compared with Gram stain and cultures. Of 198 direct films in which gram-positive cocci resembling pneumococci were found, 154 were positive by FAT and 130 were positive by culture. FAT appears to be more reliable than Gram stain or culture. During a four-year period, isolated strains of pneumococci were typed by FAT and the results compared. A slight change in the incidence of the pneumococcal types was observed. Although the Neufeld test is simpler, FAT is easier to read and is a more reliable method if identifying pneumococci, especially in body fluids where the number of microorganisms might be limited. Also, FAT is a more reliable procedure in typing strains. PMID- 7034523 TI - Computed tomographic findings of neonatal lung abscess. AB - A 3-week-old child with respiratory distress had an air-fluid level on chest roentgenogram. Computed tomography of the chest distinguished the mass as a discrete lung abscess, without underlying abnormality. Due to failure of the child's condition to improve with medical therapy, a limited thoracotomy and drainage of the lung abscess was performed; Escherichia coli and no anaerobic organisms grew from cultures of abscess material. We believe computed tomography to be of great benefit in defining suspected lung abscess in the neonate. PMID- 7034524 TI - Caffey's disease revisited. Further evidence for autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance. AB - A family with six members affected with Caffey's disease (infantile cortical hyperostosis) demonstrates marked variability in expression and incomplete penetrance for this autosomal dominant condition. Twenty-five additional instances of familial Caffey's disease (with a total of 104 persons affected) are reviewed. From the 1940s to 1960s, sporadic cases of Caffey's disease occurred more commonly than did familial cases and probably represented environmentally produced phenocopies. Such isolated cases are rarely seen today. FAmilial Caffey's disease differs in several aspects from the sporadic type, having an earlier onset of disease (24% at birth), less frequent mandibular involvement, and more frequent lower-extremity involvement. Cases of Caffey's disease detected today should have appropriate radiologic testing of other family members to search for evidence of disease. Prompt recognition allows for conservative management of this usually self-limited condition. PMID- 7034525 TI - Steroid diabetes in childhood. AB - Hyperglycemia and glycosuria are known to occur in some children receiving corticosteroids. In a retrospective study 24 such episodes were identified in 17 patients receiving steroids for a variety of primary diseases from 1968 to 1979. Detection based on symptoms averaged 26 days from initiation of steroid treatment, whereas detection based on the presence of glycosuria or hyperglycemia averaged 4.5 days. Acidosis, ketosis, and hyperglycemia (glucose level, greater than 500 mg/dL) occurred in 2, 4, and 8 patients, respectively. Insulin therapy was necessary in 15 episodes in 11 patients, but in three episodes the insulin dosage was reduced while the steroid dosage remained high. Permanent insulin dependence developed immediately in one patient and eventually in three others. Steroid-precipitated diabetes must be anticipated but should not interfere with the treatment of the primary disease. PMID- 7034527 TI - The Massachusetts Medico-Legal Society. The early years. PMID- 7034526 TI - Blood tests showing nonpaternity-conclusive or rebuttable evidence? The Chaplin case revisited. AB - A defendant accused of being the father of an illegitimate child denies responsibility. Blood samples from the child, mother, and alleged father are studied and the results reveal that the alleged father is excluded. What weight, if any, should the court (if a trial is held) or the jury give to the evidence of nonpaternity? Should the evidence be treated as conclusive proof of nonpaternity or should other evidence be admitted in the trial to overcome the nonpaternity evidence? A medical expert might conclude that a controversy exists because of the court's questioned trustworthiness of the paternity blood testing, while a legal expert might conclude that the controversy arises because of burdens of proof. Both conclusions are valid. The Berry v. Chaplin case held in California in 1946 illustrates this circumstance. In refreshing our memories on this case, we can review the problem in light of today's knowledge. PMID- 7034528 TI - Historical aspects of poisoning and toxicology. PMID- 7034529 TI - A review of problems of bias and confounding in epidemiologic studies of cervical neoplasia and oral contraceptive use. PMID- 7034530 TI - "An epidemiologic critique of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease". PMID- 7034531 TI - A controlled comparison of joint reactions among women receiving one of two rubella vaccines. AB - While transient rheumatic side-effects are not uncommon in women receiving any of the attenuated rubella virus vaccines yet developed, few comparative data are available on the only rubella vaccine currently available in the United States - the RA 27/3 vaccine. In this study, the frequency and severity of joint reactions were compared among seronegative women receiving HPV77DE5 vaccine (n = 59) or RA 27/3 vaccine (n = 53), and in seropositive vaccinees receiving either vaccine (n = 60). The proportions of vaccinees developing arthralgia/arthritis were similar (29 per cent and 26 per cent, respectively) in the seronegative groups, and were significantly higher than in the seropositive control group (3%). The onset of symptoms was earlier and their duration was briefer in those receiving RA 27/3 vaccine compared to the HPV77DE5 vaccine recipients. No chronic or recurrent symptoms were observed. These data, along with previous studies, suggest that while transient rheumatic reactions following rubella vaccination are not uncommon, they are not associated with serious disability and should not interfere with ongoing immunization programs. PMID- 7034532 TI - The modes of inheritance of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or the genetics of IDDM, no longer a nightmare but still a headache. AB - The discovery of HLA antigen associations with juvenile-type insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) provided strong evidence separating this disorder, or group of disorders, from maturity-type noninsulin-dependent diabetes, as well as adding to the evidence for an immunologic pathogenesis. In addition, it was hoped that the use of these disease-marker associations in appropriate studies might clarify the genetics of IDDM. While these associations have provided a useful tool to further investigate the genetics and pathogenesis of IDDM, the mode or modes of inheritance of this group of disorders remain an area of great controversy. Susceptibility to IDDM is currently being proposed as being inherited as a single autosomal dominant, as a single autosomal recessive, as recessive and some dominant forms, in an intermediate gene dosage model, in a heterogeneous three-allele or two HLA loci model, and as a two-locus disorder. The arguments for each of these proposals is presented, as well as the problems of each. We surmise that the weight of evidence supports the heterogeneity hypothesis but that the modes of inheritance of IDDM will be fully resolved only when we can more reliably identify the diabetogenic genotype, rather than being limited in our investigations to the study of only full-blown clinical disease. PMID- 7034535 TI - Directory of pharmacist-operated drug information centers in the United States. AB - A directory was compiled consisting of pharmacist-operated drug information centers (DICs) that handle a broad range of calls from outside their own institution. Questionnaires were mailed in early 1980 to 154 DICs. The survey results were reviewed by officers of the ASHP SIG on Drug and Poison Information. A notice to centers that did not respond to the survey was published in the ASHP Newsletter. Each center identified was called by the surveyors during October 1981 to confirm its current service. Addresses, directors' names, hours of operation, and phone numbers are included for the 112 centers identified. PMID- 7034533 TI - Genetical and ultrastructural aspects of the immotile-cilia syndrome. AB - The immotile-cilia syndrome is a congenital disorder characterized by all cilia in the body being either immotile or showing an ineffective beating pattern. Most symptoms, not unexpectedly, come from the ciliated epithelia, but two further symptoms are: (1) male sterility caused by the spermatozoa being unable to swim progressively (the sperm tail has the same structure as a cilium), and (2) situs inversus in 50% of the cases possible caused by an inability of embryonic cilia to shift the heart to the left side. By electron microscopy, one can see directly which of the many ciliary components is the missing one. The molecular basis of this congenital defect can then be detected, and it has been found to be a heterogeneous disease. There are many genes that, when mutated, will cause the cilia to be dysfunctional or totally immotile. The fact that many genes may be responsible for the syndrome will also explain why it has a relatively high prevalence and why previous investigators have been unable to locate the (assumed single) gene by linkage analysis. The trait, situs inversus, is of particular interest as it occurs in only 50% of the assumed homozygotes. I conclude that the wild-type genes code for a control of the proper body asymmetry and the mutated ones for a lack of control, and, hence, to a random situs determination. PMID- 7034534 TI - Genetics of Type I diabetes mellitus: a single, recessive predisposition gene mapping between HLA-B and GLO. With an appendix on the estimation of selection bias. AB - Three different published sets of HLA-typed families of juvenile diabetes mellitus (JDM) patients have been analyzed. There was no significant genetic heterogeneity between them according to the criterion of Morton, and the total material was analyzed on the assumption of a single recessive (JDM-P) gene with incomplete penetrance. The analysis, carried out with the NYLIP program modified to account for penetrance less than 1 and for selection bias, yields highly significant lod scores for linkage between HLA and JDM-P, with a maximum value of 7.40 at theta = .05 +/- .03. The segregation of HLA and GLO in five affected sib pairs, in which one of the sibs carries an HLA/GLO recombinant, places JDM-P closer to HLA than the GLO locus: four of these five pairs are HLA-identical and GLO-different, in agreement with the conclusions of the formal linkage analysis. The data from these three independent sets of families are therefore consistent with our earlier claim that JDM is inherited as a recessive trait closely linked to HLA with reduced penetrance, and its analysis does not require more complicated genetic models. PMID- 7034536 TI - Hyperventilation as protection against acidotic CSF pH shift after blood alkalinization in anesthetized man. PMID- 7034537 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism studies in women using Brevicon, a low-estrogen type of oral contraceptive, for one year. AB - A prospective study of carbohydrate metabolism was done in 12 normal women over 1 year's time while they were using the low-estrogen type of oral contraceptive Brevicon, which contains 0.035 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.5 mg of norethindrone. The women had a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test before starting the drug and then in 12 months, both blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured. After 1 year, there was no significant change in weight, blood pressure, or plasma insulin levels. There was a slight decrease in the fasting blood glucose value after 1 year's use (67.5 +/- 1.5 versus 63.2 +/- 1.3 mg/dl). The other glucose values were unchanged. The importance of these data in terms of mechanisms of action of the steroids on metabolism and the safety of oral contraceptive usage is discussed. PMID- 7034538 TI - Mixing problems in using indicators for measuring regional blood flow. AB - A basic requirement for using indicators for measuring blood flow is adequate mixing of the indicator with blood prior to sampling the site. This requirement has been met by depositing the indicator in the heart and sampling from an artery. Recently, authors have injected microspheres into veins and sampled from venous sites. The present studies were designed to investigate the mixing problems in sheep and rabbits by means of Cardio-Green and labeled microspheres. The indicators were injected at different points in the circulatory system, and blood was sampled at different levels of the venous and arterial systems. Results show the following. (a) When an indicator of small molecular size (Cardio-Green) is allowed to pass through the heart chambers, adequate mixing is achieved, yielding accurate and reproducible results. (b) When any indicator (Cardio-Green or microspheres) is injected into veins, and sampling is done at any point in the venous system, mixing is inadequate, yielding flow results which are inconsistent and erratic. (c) For an indicator or large molecular size (microspheres), injecting into the left side of the heart and sampling from arterial sites yield accurate and reproducible results regardless of whether blood is sampled continuously or intermittently. PMID- 7034540 TI - Symposium: optometry in the Veterans Administration. PMID- 7034539 TI - Effect of maternal serum insulin on umbilical extraction of glucose and lactate in fed and fasted sheep. AB - In 18 chronically instrumented pregnant ewes in late gestation, umbilical extractions of glucose and lactate were determined before and during the continuous infusion of ovine insulin, 0.25 mU/kg . min, into one uterine artery. Studies were conducted in both well-nourished and fasting ewes. Exogenous insulin increased the umbilical extraction of glucose without altering the umbilical extraction of lactate over the range of concentrations of maternal blood glucose encountered in the fed and fasted states. Moreover, the efflux of lactate into the uterine venous circulation in two additional ewes was not altered by the administration of insulin. These studies support the hypothesis that maternal circulating insulin binds to insulin receptors on the microvillous brush border of the placenta to effect an increase in the carrier-mediated transfer of glucose rather than cause an intraplacental decrease in the catabolism of glucose to lactate. The results suggest that, as maternal levels of blood glucose and serum insulin spontaneously rise in concert over the physiologic range, both factors may contribute to the increasing umbilical extraction of glucose. Furthermore, these observations raise the possibility that decreased binding of insulin by placental insulin receptors, which is reported to occur in placentas from diabetic women, may be accompanied by a relatively decreased umbilical uptake of glucose for a given maternal concentration of glucose, but not of lactate. PMID- 7034541 TI - Visual acuity of the hospitalized veteran. AB - The visual status of 88,341 hospitalized veterans receiving care at Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Centers on October 4, 1978, was determined, based on clinical records and on personal observations by registered nurses. For 72% of this group of veterans, there were no notations of either eye or vision care rendered within the preceding 2 years. Within the group which had received eye or vision care within the prior 2 years, the combined incidence of legal blindness [visual acuity less than 6/60 (20/120)] and low vision [defined here as visual acuity between 6/15 (20/50) and 6/30 (20/100)] was 40%. These data are analyzed further, and implications concerning optometric care are discussed. PMID- 7034542 TI - Survey of optometry residency programs in the Veterans Administration. AB - A questionnaire was distributed to 10 optometry residency programs in the Veterans Administration (VA) Department of Medicine and Surgery. Results of the survey, including demographic, epidemiologic, and curriculum data are presented, with special emphasis upon the many similarities and few differences among these programs. PMID- 7034543 TI - Complicated aortic arch syndrome and ischemic optic neuropathy presenting as giant cell (temporal) arteritis. AB - An acute loss of vision accompanied by signs of optic nerve head ischemia in an elderly patient should alert the examiner to suspect the presence of temporal arteritis until it can be proven otherwise. The patient presented here had ischemic optic neuropathy that was initially thought to be due to temporal arteritis, but eventually was proven to be associated with pronounced atherosclerotic aortic arch disease. The diagnosis was complicated by the severe loss of vision and by an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). A temporal artery biopsy was normal, and other findings implicated the pronounced diffuse atherosclerosis as the cause of the ischemia of the optic nerve head. Therapy was directed toward the vascular occlusive disease, and involved an aortoinnominate bypass graft. PMID- 7034544 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. analysis of 109 Japanese cases with the use of LSGJ classification. AB - Recently the Lymphoma Study Group of Japan (LSGJ) proposed a new classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), diving NHLs into the follicular group consisting of three subsets and the diffuse group, 7. Each subset of the diffuse group is further divided into B or T cell types according to immunologic markers and/or morphologic prediction. In the review of 118 malignant lymphomas, the authors studied the 109 cases of NHLs, attempting to assess the clinicopathologic utility of this classification. Morphologic criteria, enzyme histochemistry, and immunoperoxidase technique were used to ensure the accuracy of the immunologic phenotyping. The results suggest that the LSGJ classification is easily reproducible and yields a more precise clinicopathologic correlation than traditional, morphologic classifications. Consistent with similar studies in Japan, this study demonstrated a low incidence of Hodgkin's disease (7.6% of all lymphomas) and follicular lymphomas (8.3% of all NHLs) and a high incidence of T cell lymphomas (34.9% of all NHLs). The incidence (45.9%) of extranodal presentation was high. These four features seem characteristic of lymphomas in Japan. PMID- 7034545 TI - Otosclerosis--the last four years. PMID- 7034546 TI - Prevalence of mastoid infection in prehistoric Arizona Indians. AB - In view of th reported high prevalence of otitis media and mastoiditis in the present-day Indian inhabitants or Arizona, when an opportunity arose to examine the skulls of prehistoric Indians in the collection of the Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, it was thought that determining the prevalence of mastoiditis in them might be helpful in the treatment and prevention of mastoid infections in the present-day population. Our findings are compared with those of two other studies of mastoiditis in prehistoric Indians in another area of the United States. PMID- 7034547 TI - Endotoxin-induced hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia after experimental liver injury. AB - Basal portal and systemic venous hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia were present in fasted rats at 24 h after experimental liver injury by partial (67%) hepatectomy, carbon tetrachloride gavage, and intravenous D-galactosamine administration. Both enhanced pancreatic hormone secretion and depressed hepatic hormone extraction were likely responsible for the insulin and glucagon oversupply. Endogenous gut-derived endotoxin is proposed as the causative factor for the exaggerated hormonal response because intravenous exogenous endotoxin elicited an identical elevation of insulin and glucagon. Systemic endotoxemia at 24 h after liver injury was indicated by marked (78-100%) lethality in lead sensitized rats and positive Limulus lysate gelation tests of plasma samples. Furthermore, antiendotoxin treatments, including endotoxin tolerance, polymyxin B, and gut sterilization, significantly reduced both lead-sensitized lethality and hyperinsulinemic and hyperglucagonemic responses at 24 h in most liver-injury groups. Portal versus systemic venous administration of endotoxin at a low dose implied that normal endotoxin phagocytosis by the liver suppressed the pancreatic endocrine response. A physiological negative-feedback control system involving gut-derived systemic endotoxemia after liver damage with insulin and glucagon hypersecretion by the pancreas for stimulation of hepatic regeneration is hypothesized. PMID- 7034548 TI - Homocellular regulatory mechanisms in sodium-transporting epithelia: avoidance of extinction by "flush-through". AB - In recent years electrophysiologic studies on several sodium-transporting epithelia have uncovered two "homocellular" (intrinsic) regulatory mechanisms that appear to protect the absorptive cells from marked changes in sodium and potassium content in response to rapid and wide-ranging physiologic variations in the rate of transcellular sodium transport. These are: 1) an inverse relation between intracellular sodium activity and the sodium conductance of the apical (mucosal) membrane, and 2) a parallel relation between the rate of sodium extrusion from the cell across the basolateral membrane ("pump activity") and the conductance of that barrier to potassium. The purpose of this review is to document these homocellular regulatory mechanisms, discuss their physiologic significance, and speculate on possible underlying mechanism(s). PMID- 7034549 TI - Role of prostaglandins in positive end-expiratory pressure-induced negative inotropism. PMID- 7034550 TI - Children of dialysis patients. AB - The authors interviewed and administered projective drawing tests to 14 children of dialysis patients in order to understand the children's fantasies about their parents' illness and treatment. They uncovered latent aggressive feelings toward the sick parent among a majority of the children and found that many children defended themselves against these feelings by identification with the sick parent or by pseudomature behavior (reinforced by the parent). The authors believe that the dialysis of a parent has a profound impact on the development of these children and stress the need for further investigation. PMID- 7034551 TI - Overview: narcissistic personality disorder. AB - The authors trace the evolution of narcissistic personality disorder as a nosological entity in a critical survey of the literature, considering and comparing differing theoretical viewpoints regarding the genesis of this disorder. They review its various descriptions, including the one in DSM-III, and develop a composite picture of the syndrome. The disorder consists of characteristic deficits in six broad areas of functioning: 1) self-concept, 2) interpersonal relationships, 3) social adaptation, 4) ethics, standards, and ideals, 5) love and sexuality, and 6) cognitive style. The authors identify guidelines for distinguishing the narcissistic personality from other personality disorders as well as areas needing continued research. PMID- 7034552 TI - Amendments to the Presidential papers. PMID- 7034553 TI - A preliminary study on dressing patterns and incidence of candidiasis. AB - The incidence of candidiasis in two groups of voluntary participants wearing tight and loose fitted dresses was investigated by both microscopic and cultural techniques for a period of two months. Two-thirds of the positives by stain and culture were recovered from those wearing tight clothing (P < 0.05). The findings suggest that tight clothing can predispose the wearer to candidiasis, an organism that can cause vaginitis. (Am J Public Health 1982; 72:176-177.) PMID- 7034554 TI - Surgical pathology of the spleen: an approach to the differential diagnosis of splenic lymphomas and leukemias. Part I. Diseases of the white pulp. AB - In order to facilitate diagnostic accuracy in the pathologic examination of the spleen, the differential diagnosis of the various splenic lymphomas and leukemias are divided into those diseases which primarily affect the white or red pulp. Enlargement of the splenic white pulp is due to either lymphoid hyperplasia, with or without the formation of germinal centers, or lymphomas and other lymphoproliferative disorders including chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Differentiation depends on recognition of germinal centers and the polymorphous nature of the lymphoid proliferation in reactive conditions, in comparison to the general monomorphous type of white pulp expansion found in the majority of lymphomas and lymphoproliferative disorders. Many of the reactive conditions are associated with a clinical hypersplenic state, while splenic lymphomas and lymphoproliferative disorders are frequently asymptomatic and discovered only at laparotomy. Macroscopic and microscopic evidence of enlargement of the white pulp may be absent in spleens of normal weight that are involved by lymphoma. In that situation, diagnosis requires meticulous examination of the white pulp for the demonstration of cytologic atypia. PMID- 7034556 TI - History of tumors of the pineal region. PMID- 7034555 TI - Ultrasonic decalcification of bone. AB - Decalcification of bone specimens of 2-5 mm thickness can be achieved in 5 hours or less when the decalcifying fluids are agitated by ultrasonic energization. The morphology of hard and soft tissue is extremely well preserved by this procedure. Acid or chelating decalcifiers may be used and the application of combined fixation-chelation permits routinely many histochemical procedures previously requiring special handling. PMID- 7034557 TI - The bench and the bush in tropical medicine. PMID- 7034558 TI - Congenital transfer of antibodies against malarial sporozoites detected in Gambian infants. AB - A survey of the antibody response to sporozoites of Plasmodium falciparum was carried out on plasma samples obtained from 20 mothers and their newborn infants living in The Gambia, West Africa. Serological assays detected antisporozoite antibodies in 90% (18/20) of the mothers, and similar titers were detected in 17/18 of their infants. The antisporozoite antibodies were gradually lost from the circulation of the babies until by approximately 6 months of age positive reactions against P. falciparum sporozoites were no longer detected. A similar pattern of acquisition and persistence of maternally-derived antisporozoite antibodies was noted in a neonatal rhesus monkey born to a female immunized with sporozoites of Plasmodium knowlesi. PMID- 7034559 TI - Competitive inhibition by soluble erythrocyte glycoproteins of penetration by Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Glycophorin, the major sialoglycoprotein of the erythrocyte membrane, was extracted from human erythrocyte ghosts by the lithium diiodosalicylate phenol (LIS) or chloroform-methanol (CM) methods. The products (LISgp and CMgp) were examined for their capacity to inhibit invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. In the presence of either glycoprotein, parasitemia was significantly less than in control cultures, indicating competitive inhibition of attachment. Desialylation resulted in only partial loss of this inhibitory potency. Neither crystalline NANA nor the dialyzates of either hydrolyzed glycoprotein had any inhibitory effect. We conclude that the receptor for merozoites of P. falciparum probably resides in the protein portion of glycophorin, in which NANA plays a secondary role, possibly related to hydration of the cell surface. The parasite itself contains no detectable neuraminidase activity. PMID- 7034560 TI - Reaction of immune sera with components of the human malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Human and monkey sera from individuals exposed to Plasmodium falciparum were characterized by indirect immunofluorescence, in vitro parasite growth inhibition, and immunoprecipitation of 125I-labeled parasite antigens followed by analytical sodium dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In general there was a good correlation between fluorescence titer and the ability of a serum to inhibit parasite growth in vitro. Exceptions were found, however. Some variance was seen in the ability of a given serum to inhibit different strains of the parasite. The significance of this is unknown. The proteins bound by human sera with high and low in vitro inhibitory capacities were compared by SDS-PAGE. The human sera which did not inhibit parasite growth in vitro well differed from those which did by failing to efficiently bind certain parasite components having molecular weights in the range of 200,000, 70,000-85,000, and 45,000. PMID- 7034561 TI - Antigenic differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli by means of monoclonal-hybridoma antibodies. AB - Sera from Balb/c mice, hyperimmunized with ruptured epimastigotes of either Trypanosoma cruzi or Trypanosoma rangeli, lacked species-specificity when assayed for antibodies by indirect immunofluorescent microscopy and by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, when plasma cells from those mice were fused with syngeneic mouse plasmacytoma cells, many of the resultant hybridomas synthesized antibodies which were species-specific. Four clones are synthesizing antibodies specific for antigens of T. rangeli. These antigens are associated with the cytoplasm, plasma membrane and flagellum. One clone is synthesizing a specific anti-T. rangeli antibody which appears to be reactive with the entire surface of the epimastigote. Another clone is reactive with a subpopulation of epimastigotes, thus suggesting some antigenic variability among cultured forms. Two clones are synthesizing antibody specific for antigens of T. cruzi, one of which is confined to the cytoplasm. PMID- 7034562 TI - Recovery of a Lassa-related arenavirus in Zimbabwe. AB - Immunofluorescent antibodies to "Mozambique" virus, a close relative of Lassa virus, were found in 11 of 55 Mastomys natalensis and 1 of 13 Aethomys chrysophilus rodents captured near Que Que and Chiredzi, Zimbabwe. Six strains of Mozambique virus, identified by use of specific monoclonal antibodies to the agent, were recovered from visceral tissues of M. natalensis rodents. All Mastomys having virus or antibodies to this agent were of the chromosomal form 2N = 32 (M. natalensis). These data extend the area of geographic occurrence of this virus, which was initially recognized in Mozambique and which may represent a naturally attenuated antigenic variant of human pathogenic West African Lassa virus. PMID- 7034563 TI - Evidence of a serologic relationship between Ehrlichia canis and Rickettsia sennetsu. AB - A serologic relationship between Rickettsia sennetsu, the etiologic agent of human sennetsu rickettsiosis in western Japan, and Ehrlichia canis, the agent of canine ehrlichiosis, has been demonstrated. Using the indirect fluorescent antibody test, convalescent sera from patients with sennetsu fever reacted with Ehrlichia canis antigen. In the direct fluorescent antibody test, immunoglobulins from four patients with sennetsu rickettsiosis stained E. canis morulae in canine monocytes. This finding is significant in view of the morphologic uniqueness of the two agents and a lack of serologic relatedness with other major rickettsial agents. PMID- 7034564 TI - Quinine alone versus quinine plus a pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine combination in the treatment of Plasmodium faliciparum cerebral malaria. AB - Fifty-two patients with severe chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria were treated in a randomized double blind study with either quinine and a single dose of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar) or quinine alone. Although no statistically significant differences were observed, the 25 patients who received both drugs responded faster and had a more favorable outcome (no deaths) when compared to the 27 who received quinine alone (2 deaths). PMID- 7034565 TI - [Circadian rhythms of plasma renin activity and the plasma concentration of aldosterone and insulin in the rat: effect of renal denervation and food restriction]. PMID- 7034566 TI - [Study on the changes of behavior of children in cavity preparation. Part I. Maladaptive behaviors at the time of cavity preparation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034567 TI - [Study on the changes of behavior of children in cavity preparation. Part II. The changes of facial expression at the time of the cavity preparation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034568 TI - [Study on the changes of behavior of children in cavity preparation. Part III. The changes of internal behavior at the time of cavity preparation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034569 TI - [Accidental swallowing of dental prostheses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034570 TI - Evaluation and management of diseases of the esophagus. AB - Current methods to evaluate patients with esophageal disease include barium swallow with fluoroscopy, which is useful in demonstrating structural defects. Disordered motility is better evaluated with a cine-esophagram. Recent application of radioisotopes has been useful in evaluation of esophageal reflux and the post-treatment of achalasia. Esophageal motility studies may evaluate lower esophageal sphincter and upper esophageal sphincter pressures and the response of the body of the esophagus to series of swallows. Since there is no "gold standard" for the evaluation of reflux esophagitis, some of the tests designed to evaluate reflux and the patient's reaction to acid in the esophagus include the acid infusion test, the standard acid reflux test, the acid clearance test, and 24-hour pH monitoring. Endoscopy with either the flexible or the rigid instrument is important for the diagnosis of obstruction or esophagitis and allows direct visualization of the esophagus. The treatment of reflux esophagitis is discussed. The differential diagnosis of dysphagia may include achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, and mechanical obstruction of the esophagus due to rings, webs, strictures, and benign or malignant tumors. The evaluation of dysphagia should include radiologic as well as endoscopic evaluation. Treatment of obstruction varies according to the nature of the lesion. The Mallory-Weiss syndrome or bleeding from the mucosal tears of the gastroesophageal junction and Boerhaave's syndrome, spontaneous esophageal perforation, are two disorders associated with vomiting. The Mallory-Weiss syndrome usually resolves without specific therapy, but a high index of suspicion is required for patients with chest pain after vomiting, as spontaneous perforation necessitates immediate surgery. Most diverticula need no treatment, but the Zenker diverticulum, if symptomatic, should probably be surgically repaired. PMID- 7034571 TI - [Experience with the use of dipidolor for obstetrical anesthesia]. PMID- 7034572 TI - [Use of lexir for obstetrical anesthesia]. PMID- 7034573 TI - [Role of enterococci in the development of infectious complications in pregnant women, puerperae and gynecological patients]. PMID- 7034574 TI - [Monitoring control and tocolysis in premature labor using beta-adrenomimetics]. PMID- 7034575 TI - [Alertness during anesthesia]. PMID- 7034576 TI - [Prof. Bozhil Vasilev is 65 years old. His life and poetry]. PMID- 7034577 TI - William Osler and dermatology, pathology, and dermatopathology. PMID- 7034579 TI - The junctions in skin. PMID- 7034578 TI - Beauty marks or pigmented skin lesions? PMID- 7034580 TI - New approaches to the histologic diagnosis of skin diseases. Immunoperoxidase techniques. PMID- 7034581 TI - Replacement of the corneal endothelium by melanocytes. AB - Replacement of the corneal endothelium by a monolayer of melanocytes is reported in typical association with earlier surgery and glaucoma. The melanocytes have adjusted to the new location and there are signs that they may have taken on some of the future use of planned seeding of melanocytes in cases with failing endothelium is considered. PMID- 7034582 TI - [Immunological examinations in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (author's transl)]. AB - In eight patients with clinical sure Vogt-Koyanagi Harada-syndrome (VKHS) immunological examinations were performed. We tested whether there were signs of former or present infections (measles HHT and complement fixation test (C.F.T.), rubella HHT, hepatitis HBs-antigen, adenovirus AG, varicella-zoster C.F.T., herpes simplex C.F.T., cytomegaly IgM and IgG, toxoplasmosis immunofluorescence, tuberculosis Middlebr. Dubois). In none of all cases we could find HLA B12. The rheumatic tests, LDH, albumin an electrophoresis, coeruloplasmin and haptoglobin were negative. The uveal pigment failed to stimulate the leucocyte cultures from VKHS-patients in leucocyte-migration-inhibition-test and in leucocyte-adherence inhibition-test. PMID- 7034583 TI - [A double-blind comparison of epidural buprenorphine and epidural morphine in postoperative pain (author's transl)]. AB - Morphine (5 mg) and buprenorphine (0.15 mg) given by the epidural route were compared in 50 patients recovering from abdominal surgery. Pain relief score, sedation score and clinical measures were evaluated in a double-blind study. Both substances produced thorough analgesia with short latency (2-6 min) of long duration (8-9 h). Side effects were encountered in some morphine cases only, but never therapy had to be discontinued. Total lack of side effects with buprenorphine favours its application in epidural pain relief. PMID- 7034584 TI - Sydney Ringer (1834-1910) and Alexis Hartmann (1898-1964). PMID- 7034585 TI - The microcomputer in self-assessment for examinations in anaesthesia. AB - A series of 30 multiple choice questions were modified for presentation on a microcomputer which was programmed to present them to the user and mark them. In a preliminary study, 15 trainee anaesthetists all agreed the system was satisfactory as an aid to preparation for the FFARCS. PMID- 7034586 TI - Error in assay due to time dependency of carbon monoxide difference spectrum of reduced yeast cytochrome P-450: slow reduction caused by Triton X-100 present. PMID- 7034587 TI - Rapid automated enzymatic method for the determination of alcohol in blood and beverages using flow injection analysis. PMID- 7034588 TI - Pneumoperitoneum and cardiac arrest during craniofacial reconstruction. PMID- 7034589 TI - [Use of positive pressure respiration during artificial ventilation after aortocoronary bypass for the prevention and treatment of respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 7034590 TI - An experimental overview of a new vasoactive drug: buflomedil HCl. AB - A brief review of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of buflomedil-HCl is presented providing a pharmacologic basis for buflomedil therapy of ischemia associated with peripheral vascular disease. Buflomedil is readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and has a plasma half-life of approximately 2-3 hours. The para-desmethyl derivative of buflomedil has been identified as a urinary metabolite. Pharmacologically, buflomedil increases perfusion to impaired vascular beds of the microcirculation, increases arterial perfusion with minimal effects on central hemodynamics, exhibits apparent oxygen "sparing" effects in animal experiments, demonstrates inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation, and, in preliminary experiments, appears to improve deformability of erythrocytes with abnormal fluidity. A nonspecific alpha receptor blocking activity appears to be involved, at least in part, in these pharmacologic effects. The relative importance of these mechanisms/effects in the treatment of symptoms of vascular disease is unknown. PMID- 7034591 TI - Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of buflomedil and pentoxifylline in patients with arterial occlusive disease. AB - A double-blind study was performed on 40 physically trained patients with stage II peripheral arterial insufficiency. Daily doses of 450 mg buflomedil were administered for 90 days and eventual improvements were compared to the effects of pentoxifylline given in daily doses of 300 mg. After treatment with buflomedil and also with pentoxifylline, significant increases were achieved in walking distances during these tests, the increase was not significant. Nor uniform findings were noted in oscillograms and in ultrasonic Doppler investigations. PMID- 7034592 TI - Effects of buflomedil on erythrocyte deformability. AB - This brief communication outlines recent experiments on the effects of buflomedil, a new vasoactive agent, on red cell deformability in patients with leg ischemia. In this randomized, double-blind-cross-over study, 10 patients received 200 mg buflomedil and matching placebo intravenously. Red cell filterabiltiy in these patients was significantly improved after buflomedil administration versus baseline values with no significant change in filterability versus baseline after placebo administration. PMID- 7034593 TI - Evaluation of buflomedil in geriatric patients suffering from vascular cerebral insufficiency. PMID- 7034594 TI - Inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration by sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The migration of peripheral polymorphonclear leukocytes (PMN) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and normal controls was studied using autologous sera and homologous rheumatoid positive and negative sera. A significant inhibition of cells from RA patients was observed using autologous or homologous rheumatoid sera in contrast to patients' PMN exposed to control sera in which no significant migration inhibition was detected. Negative results were observed when rheumatoid sera were used with PMN from normal controls. No correlation was found between the degree of PMN migration inhibition and the titer of rheumatoid factor. The results of these studies indicate that mononuclear cells in rheumatoid patients have varying degrees of sensitization to certain factor(s) in rheumatoid sera. PMID- 7034595 TI - [Immunological quantity determinations of hPL and total oestrogens during the course of pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - The quantity determination of hPL and of total plasma oestrogens, by means of immuno-enzymology in the heterogenic phase, allows a satisfactory pregnancy. The methods of quantity determination are presented and studied; the criteria for the quality of these methods, and the values found during the course of normal pregnancy, can allow them to be used in many laboratories. PMID- 7034596 TI - [Determination of the serum concentration of lipoproptein x (author's transl)]. AB - Lipoprotein X (LPX) is a cholestase marker. The authors wish to set forth a simple and quick method for the quantity determination of this abnormal--a method which could be combined with other biochemical tests permitting the demonstration and monitoring of a cholestatic syndrome. The phospholipid composition of lipoprotein X is thought to be constant; therefore, the proposed method of quantity determination consists in an enzymatic quantity determination of phospholipids, performed on the lipoprotein, isolated from the normal serum lipoproteins by means of a simple operative protocol: elimination of the LDL and VLDL by means of immuno-precipitation, followed by separation of the HDL by means of the action of phosphotungstate. In addition to its quantitative characteristic, the proposed method has been shown to be more selective than the traditional demonstration which uses electrophoresis on agar. This electrophoretic research can in effect, show itself to be negative if practised on biological samples which are rich in biliary acids or free fatty acids; conversely, the operative protocol described permits the demonstration of the quantification of lipoprotein X. PMID- 7034597 TI - Cardiac enzymes. PMID- 7034598 TI - Emergency medicine in colonial America: Revolutionary War casualties. PMID- 7034599 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitation of immunoglobulin G bound to Escherichia coli. AB - Two strains of Escherichia coli were opsonized by incubation in heat-inactivated bovine blood serum and in whey. The opsonized bacteria were then immobilized by complexing with anti-bovine antibodies previously coated to walls of polystyrene tubes. The amount of bovine immunoglobulin (Ig) G in the immobilized complex was then determined by a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using peroxidase as enzyme. Thus, a direct measurement of one class of opsonic substances on the surface of the organisms was determined. The sensitivity for measurement of IgG ranged from nanograms to micrograms. After incubation in blood serum, 500-fold more IgG was found on the surface of the serum-resistant strain. The amount of IgG absorbed from whey in each instance was much less than that absorbed from serum. The number of bound molecules per bacterium ranged between 2,000 and 2,000,000, depending on both the strain and the serum. PMID- 7034600 TI - Evaluation of the structural and functional changes in the lymphoid organs of Boran cattle infected with Trypanosoma vivax. AB - Experimental infection of Boran cattle with Trypanosoma vivax resulted in fluctuating parasitemia detectable in peripheral blood which, as the infection progressed, diminished to undetectable levels. In animals necropsied during the initial stages of the infection, trypanosomes were detected in lymph and in the sinuses of the lymph nodes. The lymph nodes and spleen exhibited marked proliferative response which was maximal in animals killed on days 10 and 17 of infection. The response was characterized by an increase in the size and activity of the germinal centers accompanied by increased numbers of large proliferating lymphocytes in the medullary cords and peripheral part of the paracortex of the lymph nodes and in the periarteriolar regions and peripheral follicular areas of the spleen. This was associated with the production of large numbers of plasma cells which were present in the red pulp of the spleen, in the medullary cords of the lymph nodes, and focally in the peripheral paracortical areas of the lymph nodes. By immunofluorescence, many of these plasma cells were found to contain immunoglobulin (Ig) M. There was also increased number of follicles which exhibited granular deposits of IgM and reduction in the areas containing small lymphocytes bearing IgM. During the remainder of the infection and paralleling the decrease in parasitemia, there was gradual reduction in the reactivity of the lymphoid organs. Accompanying the initial proliferative response was a marked increase in plasma concentration of IgM; this decreased to base line during the 3rd week of the infection. The response to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and lipopolysaccharide of leukocytes obtained from peripheral blood lymph nodes and spleen at intervals during the infection was not significantly different from controls. PMID- 7034601 TI - Use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting mycobacterial antigens in tissues of Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle. PMID- 7034602 TI - Gastrointestinal microflora of calves fed fermented colostrum. PMID- 7034603 TI - Endotoxin-induced hemodynamic changes in ponies: effects of flunixin meglumine. AB - A study was made of flunixin meglumine, an analgesic agent with antiinflammatory and antiprostaglandin activity, for the management of endotoxin-induced cardiovascular derangements. Three groups of 5 ponies each were used: controls- group 1; given endotoxin but not treated--group 2; and given endotoxin and treated with flunixin meglumine--group 3. Shock was induced in anesthetized ponies with IV injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin. Hemodynamic changes were monitored, and regional blood flow was determined at 4 different times, using microspheres labeled with 1 of 4 nuclides. There were extensive vasodilation and decreased blood return to the heart of group 2 ponies, as indicated by decreased mean arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure and by increased heart rate and cardiac output. Blood flow, as determined by radioactive microspheres, to gastrointestinal regions, skeletal muscle, and skin was increased and that to the CNS was decreased. Treatment with flunixin meglumine (group 3 ponies) exerted selective microvascular actions which helped to reverse endotoxin-induced changes. This included the maintenance of mean arterial blood pressure and the enhanced perfusion of vital organs (eg, brain and heart) by preventing extensive vasodilation in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7034605 TI - Rabies virus titer from tissues of naturally infected skunks (Mephitis mephitis). AB - Rabies virus was titrated from the hippocampus and salivary glands (mandibular, parotid, and sublingual) of 19 naturally infected skunks. Selection of the skunks was based on a positive fluorescent antibody test (FAT) on the hippocampus. One FAT- and virus isolation-negative skunk served as a control. The FAT was positive on 19 mandibular salivary glands, 16 parotid glands, and 17 sublingual glands. Rabies virus was subsequently isolated in albino Swiss mice from all (ie, 19) hippocampi and mandibular salivary glands, 16 parotid glands, and 17 sublingual glands. Virus was not isolated from the FAT-negative tissues. Titers (mouse intracerebral LD50/0.03 ml) were calculated in all FAT-positive tissues by the Reed-Muench method. Rabies titers from hippocampi ranged from 10(0.7) to 10( 4.5); from mandibular salivary glands, 10(2.8) to 10(-7.2); from parotid glands, 10(0.5) to 10(-5.8); and from sublingual glands, 10(-0.3) to 10(-3.8). Results indicate that "rabies-virus inhibiting substance" did not interfere with FAT or virus isolation from tissues of naturally infected skunks. PMID- 7034604 TI - Nonuniform horizontal and vertical distributions of immunoglobulin A cells in canine intestines. AB - The horizontal and vertical distributions of immunoglobulin (Ig) A cells were determined in canine intestines by immunoperoxidase assay on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. With this technique, excellent preservation of tissue morphology was obtained, and special tissue fixation and handling were not required. Immunoglobulin A cells were counted in 2-different ways at different magnifications. It was seen that (i) the duodenum usually had the highest cell counts at all levels of the lamina propria, (ii) IgA cells in the zone closest to the intestinal lumen became less numerous caudad from the duodenum to the colon, (iii) the zone closest to the submucosa (zone D) had the fewest IgA cells in the small intestines, and (iv) the IgA cell counts in zone D tended to be lowest in the jejunum and ileum and highest in the duodenum and colon. PMID- 7034606 TI - Limb regeneration. PMID- 7034607 TI - [Introduction to the study of infant streptococcosis]. AB - Contributions in the past few years on the knowledge of streptococcus, the changes experienced in the pediatric age in its morbility and mortality and modifications in the clinical picture are pointed out. On the base of current knowledge author makes an attempt of classification of streptococcus. Clinical picture, agent, ambient and host are analyzed, with special mention to the patient's age. Signification of streptococcic sensitization and the usual diagnostic error with rheumatic fever are discussed. Finally a brief on mention is made less mentioned streptococcus. PMID- 7034608 TI - [Microbiological aspects of streptococcal disease (author's transl)]. AB - Some aspects of the streptococcus genera and its relationship with the human streptococcal disease are reviewed. Special reference is made to the relationship of the human disease and the different species and most frequent serotypes. PMID- 7034609 TI - [Streptococcal infection and rheumatic fever (author's transl)]. AB - Author reviews relations between streptococcal infections and rheumatic fever, particularly biological characteristics of streptococo, genetic and pathogenic factors. Special emphasis is placed on diagnostic criteria to avoid overdiagnosis. Finally, the basis for a program directed to eradicate the disease: screening of susceptible, individuals selection of rheumatogenic serotypes and vaccine preparation against this antigenic strains are reviewed. PMID- 7034611 TI - Comparative studies on Salmonella johannesburg bacteriophages: morphology, virulence and interactions with the host cell lipopolysaccharide. AB - Two long-tailed and two short-tailed bacteriophages are spontaneously released from the Salmonella johannesburg 7.58(R+) strain, and could be propagated on the susceptible strain 5.58(R-). The two long-tailed phages could be distinguished by their tail morphology, and are not adsorbed on a column of sepharose coupled to LPS (R-). The two short-tailed particles (group C of Bradley, group C1 of Ackermann) are converting phages. They are thermostable, are adsorbed on a column of sepharose-LPS, and possess an endo-glycosidase activity leading to the cleavage of the LPS of the sensitive strain. However, one of these short-tailed phages, termed phi 1(40), is a temperate phage producing small and turbid plaques, although the other one, termed phi 1(40)vir, is a virulent phage producing large and clear plaques. A polysaccharidic antigen could be coupled to these phages but the corresponding antiserum was unable to inactivate the modified bacteriophages. PMID- 7034610 TI - [Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis]. AB - Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is one of the best defined renal diseases and it is the commonest form of acute glomerulonephritis in children. Antigen-antibody complexes formed in the circulation or "in situ" seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis and even though antiglobulins have recently been incriminated, there is still controversy over the nature of the antigen/s involved. Usually the clinical picture is very characteristic, but in those cases of atypical presentation mainly in those without urinary abnormalities, the diagnosis could be resolved by demonstration of well defined histological lesions. Although it is generally agreed upon, on the basis of clinical observations, that recovery from acute glomerulonephritis generally occurs in children, confusion still exists concerning the precise frequency with which chronicity may happen in this disease. There is no specific treatment for the immunological processes but symptomatic therapy has considerably reduced early mortality. PMID- 7034612 TI - Mercury resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica. AB - First isolation of a mercury-resistant strain of Yersinia enterocolitica is reported. This strain, named 138-A14, is resistant to mercuric chloride and merbromin, but sensitive to phenylmercuric borate and sodium merthiolate. The mercury resistance of 138-A14 is not transferable spontaneously to Escherichia coli K12 by conjugation. PMID- 7034614 TI - Immunological responses to inhaled organic dusts and chemicals. PMID- 7034613 TI - Semi-quantification of a microbiological method using beta-lactamases in detecting the hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - The so-called "double disc" technique of Masuda et al. for detecting the hydrolysis of beta-lactams by beta-lactamases was semi-quantified. This semi quantification consisted of using beta-lactamase preparations progressively diluted by a factor of ten. The last dilution producing a detectable hydrolysis of the antibiotic was thus noted. By using the species Escherichia coli (potentially cephalosporinase producer) as a model, we studied the possible applications of this method. Due to its great sensitivity it was possible to analyse and appreciate the degradation of some cephalosporins reputedly resistant to beta-lactamases, such as cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefamandole and cefotaxime. The carboxy-penicillins (carbenicillin and ticarcillin) were the most stable beta lactams towards the cephalosporinase of E. coli 0002. PMID- 7034616 TI - Keratoplasty with primary and secondary lens implantation. AB - Twenty-eight patients who had cataract and corneal scarring were operated on with combined penetrating graft, cataract extraction, and lens implantation (group A); 20 patients who had aphakic corneal dystrophy or dystrophy caused by intraocular lens received simultaneous penetrating graft, vitrectomy, and lens implantation or revision of the intraocular lens (group B). Group B had more severe disorders and more complicated surgery, and therefore poorer visual results than group A. PMID- 7034615 TI - The basis of dust sampling in occupational hygiene: a critical review. PMID- 7034617 TI - Norepinephrine dipivalylate dose-response in ocular hypertensive subjects. AB - Norepinephrine dipivalylate, a prodrug analog of the catecholamine mediator norepinephrine, was given to 12 ocular hypertensive patients. Single instillations of four concentrations, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5%, were administered weekly to one eye only with the fellow eye receiving a placebo. Intraocular pressure, pupil size, ocular signs, subjective symptoms, heart rate, and blood pressure were monitored at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours following instillation. An intraocular pressure reduction dose response was seen. After a slow (four-hour) onset of activity, the 0.5% concentration produced clinically acceptable (less than 22 mm Hg) tensions at the 6-, 8-, and 12-hour observations which were significantly (p less than 0.05, paired t test) lower than placebo control eyes. No clinically important side effects were seen. PMID- 7034618 TI - [Sulfones. Indications excluding infectious diseases]. PMID- 7034619 TI - [Mastocytosis in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034620 TI - [Bullous pemphigoid in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034621 TI - [Morphological incidences of Plasmodium berghei preference for reticulocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034622 TI - [Peritoneal fluid colony stimulating activity (CSA) release after Escherichia coli endotoxin infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034624 TI - Peace and strife in Hunter's time. (Part I). PMID- 7034623 TI - [Study of the mechanisms of action on the bacterial cell of a new antimicrobial drug: nifurzide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034625 TI - A tale of two paintings. PMID- 7034626 TI - [Biomedical applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034628 TI - [Postoperative insulinotherapy. Methods and indications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034627 TI - [Preliminary results of mechanical forcep anastomoses after anterior resection of the rectum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034629 TI - [Control of blood sugar and insulin therapy in surgery]. PMID- 7034630 TI - [Acute cardiovascular complications and sports (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034631 TI - Pathophysiology of massive trauma with therapeutic implications. AB - In addition to its local effects, severe trauma has several consequences for the whole organism. Partly, these are hormonal, humoral and neural regulatory mechanisms - negative feedback mechanisms to regain homeostasis, a balance of the "milieu interieur". Blood loss and disturbances in the fluid compartments is one of the central pathological features. The shock period is accompanied by mobilization of defense mechanisms and energy. The length and extent of of the catabolic phase depends on the extent of the injury, the effectiveness of the therapeutic efforts and the disturbances of organ and system functions. Repair proceeds gradually aiming at anatomical and functional restitution. PMID- 7034632 TI - Thoracic injuries. AB - Establishment of adequate ventilation takes the absolute precedence over all other therapeutic measures. Chest trauma has, therefore, the highest priority in a patient with multiple injuries. Bleeding may also be a decisive component. Emergency treatment aims at reestablishing normal physiological functions. Concurrently, diagnostic measures are taken to assess the underlying pathoanatomical changes. Treatment of chest injuries is a team effort of surgical and anaesthetic staff. PMID- 7034633 TI - Anemia of chronic renal failure. AB - Anemia is one of the most characteristic and visable manifestations of chronic renal failure. Investigators in the past decade have provided a better understanding of this anemia. The etiology of the anemia of chronic renal failure has three facets: first is reduced erythropoietin production by damaged kidneys; second is the presence of inhibitors to red blood cell (RBC) production in uremic serum; and third is red blood cell hemolysis. Unfortunately, transfusion therapy with its expense and risk of transmissable viral disease remains the mainstay of management for symptomatic anemia. Other modalities include dialysis, androgens, histidine supplementation, and erythropoietin replacement. PMID- 7034634 TI - Rapid detection of Mycobacterium chelonei ss abscessus by a radiometric technique. PMID- 7034635 TI - [Observations on the identification of Holy Emmeram at St. Emmeram's Church in Regensburg. Critical comparison]. AB - The report deals with an attempt to identify individuals found in Saint Emmeram Church, Regensburg, Whether one or the other could be considered identical with Holy Emmeram. The data regarding the historical person of Holy Emmeram, his life and death, were taken from the Via written by the Bishop of Freising, Arbeo, in 780 A. D. Individual I showed a good correlation with measurements of medieval and modern persons for the area of Pouitou and Southwest France. In this area mainly individuals of medium stature, stocky build and cromagniform appearance are found. The majority of individuals in the area today are brachycranial; however, Individual I - although mesocranial - is also a type occurring in the area. Especially the structure of the nose is more common to the Pouitou area than to the area of Bavaria where Individual I was interred. Additional characteristics indicate that Individual I was a member of a nobel family rather than a commoner. It would also seem that Individual I can be regarded as a man of books and a cleric. Specific bone fractures of the left ulna and the maxilla are similar to those related to the injuries sustained by Holy Emmeram related to the Vita. Measurements carried out on Individual II would indicate that this person is not identical with Emmeram. The grave of Individual II - regarded up to now as a sepulcher - should probably be considered as a secondary interment of later date. The author's opinion is that Individual I is identical with Holy Emmeram, martyred in the 7th century A. D. PMID- 7034637 TI - [Transmissivity of antibiotic resistance factors in intergeneric crossing of salmonellae and Escherichia Crimea]. AB - The results of the crosses between Salmonella and Escherichia 0151C are presented. Transmissive determinants resistant to ampicillin, dentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, monomycin, streptomycin, morphocyclin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol were detected. It was shown that almost 50 per cent of Escherichia 0151K except the transmissive R factors were able to transferring the colicinogenic determinants. PMID- 7034636 TI - Geographic and ethnic distribution of genetic markers in India. 2. Inv, Gm, Gc, ADA, AK, ap, PGM1, 6-PGD and EsD polymorphisms. AB - In the literature widely scattered Indian data on the gene frequencies of Inv, Gm, Gc, ADA, AK, ap, PGM1, 6-PGD and EsD polymorphisms have been compiled. The geographic and ethnic impacts of these data are discussed.--Additionally the results of blood group (A1A2BO, MN), serum protein group (Hp, Gc, Tf, Gm, Inv) and enzyme group (AK, aP, PGM1, 6-PGD, EsD) typings on a sample of 101 Jains, a population group in the area around Delhi, are presented here. PMID- 7034638 TI - [Physicochemical characteristics of transfer derepressed pKMR plasmids]. AB - A group of transfer derepressed R factors (pKMR plasmids) was identified with the methods of conjugation and transformation in 2 antibiotic resistant strains of the dysentery bacillus, i. e. Shigella flexneri 3c and Sh. sonnei isolated from patients with acute dysentery. The antibiotic resistance in S. flexneri was controlled by plasmid pKMR 202-2 (Sm Tc Cm Km Su) with a molecular weight of 59 MD and that in Sh. sonnei was controlled by 2 plasmids, i. e. pKMR 203-2 (Ap Sm Tc Cm Km Su) and pKMR 203-3 (Ap Tc Cm Su) with molecular weights of 99 and 65 MD, respectively. When treated with restriction endonuclease BamH 1 plasmids pKMR 203 2 and pKMR 203-3 had each only one fragment with the similar molecular weight (7.7 MD). At the same time plasmid pKMR 202-3 differed from plasmid pKMR 202-2 only by the presence of an additional fragment BamH 1 with a molecular weight of 7.7 MD. The other 6 fragments of both plasmids had similar molecular weight. The data suggest that though plasmids pKMR 202-2 and pKMR 203-3 differ in their phenotypic features, they are closely related and possible belong to the same Inc group. It was also shown that plasmid pKMR 202-2 segregated on transformation with formation of a nonconjugative plasmid pKMR 202-1 with a molecular weight of 16.6 MD. PMID- 7034639 TI - [E. coli penicillin amidase. Methods for estimating the close ionization constants of ionogenic groups of the enzyme complex with substrates containing free amino groups]. AB - The possible use of various procedures for estimation of the ionization constants of the Michaelis complex by the pH dependence of the maximum enzymatic reaction rate is discussed. It is shown that the procedures described in the literature for estimation of the close ionization constants of the enzyme-substrate complexes have limitations and in some cases cannot be used. The paper presents the methods for estimation of the constants and means for quantitative description of the bell-shaped pH dependence of the kinetic and equilibrium parameters of the biocatalytic reaction. The equations recommended in the paper were used in analysis of the pH dependences of the maximum rate of the reactions during the enzymatic synthesis of cefalexin catalysed with immobilized penicillinamidase (IPA) (CE 3.5. 1.11). The ionization constants of the enzyme substrate complexes of IPA were compared during hydrolysis and synthesis of the compounds acylated with phenylacetic and aminophenylacetic acids. The effect of the nature of the leaving substrate group and added nucleophilic gent on the electrochemical state of the Michaelis complex is discussed. PMID- 7034640 TI - Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on the adhesion of Streptococcus pyogenes to pharyngeal epithelial cells. AB - The hydrophobicity and charge of the cell surface of M protein-positive (M+) and the less virulent M protein-negative (M-) strains of type 12 Streptococcus pyogenes have been studied, respectively, by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and free zone electrophoresis. The M+ strain had a more hydrophobic and a more negatively charged surface than the M- strain. When the M+ strain was cultivated in the presence of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of different antibiotics, its hydrophobicity either decreased or did not change. The M+ organisms adhered to pharyngeal epithelial cells more avidly than M+; however, cultivation of both strains with sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of penicillin and rifampin led to the decrease in adhesion. Tetracycline caused a decrease in adhesion for the M+ strain only, whereas cephalothin and polymyxin (to which the strains are resistant) did not affect adhesion or hydrophobicity of the M+ organisms. The negative surface charge of the M+ bacteria increased considerably upon exposure to rifampin and penicillin, and the M- bacteria exhibited small or no change. The contributions of these changes to suppression of infections are discussed. PMID- 7034641 TI - Ceforanide and cefazolin therapy of pneumonia: comparative clinical trial. AB - Ceforanide is a new (parenteral) long-acting cephalosporin with antimicrobial activity comparable to those of other second-generation cephalosporins. In a randomized prospective study, patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia were treated with ceforanide at 0.5 g every 12 h (28 cases) or with cefazolin at 1.0 g every 8 h (26 cases). The study groups were comparable in clinical and laboratory findings, including etiological diagnosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from the sputum of 38 patients, of whom 8 (21%) were bacteremic. Mean peak and trough serum levels of ceforanide drawn 1 and 11.5 h after the 0.5-g intravenous dose were 39.6 and 2.5 microgram/ml, respectively. Of the 50 patients evaluable for efficacy, all responded clinically with no serious adverse reactions. In spite of clinical improvement and in vitro susceptibility, Haemophilus influenzae persisted in the sputum of five of the eight cefazolin treated patients and four of the five patients treated with ceforanide. Ceforanide appears to be as safe and effective as cefazolin for the therapy of pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae, but neither drug was effective in clearing H. influenzae from the sputum. PMID- 7034642 TI - Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in treatment of urinary tract infection due to gram negative bacteria resistant to penicillin. AB - Twenty-two adult patients with urinary tract infections caused by penicillin resistant bacteria completed treatment with amoxicillin alone or amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid in a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Of the 13 patients treated with amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, the absence of bacteriuria within 7 days of therapy was observed in 85%, as compared with only 25% of the 8 patients receiving amoxicillin only. There were no significant side effects nor any clinical, biochemical, or hematological abnormalities related to either treatment. It was concluded that the combination of clavulanic acid and amoxicillin could be useful in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection caused by penicillin-resistant bacteria. PMID- 7034643 TI - Comparative evaluation of three methods for measuring gentamicin and tobramycin in serum. AB - Three procedures (radioimmunoassay, fluorescence immunoassay, and enzyme immunoassay) for the determination of gentamicin and tobramycin levels were compared. These systems were evaluated on the basis of accuracy, reproducibility, specificity, and cost. All three systems showed a high degree of accuracy and precision. The fluorescence immunoassay gave significantly lower values for gentamicin and tobramycin at levels below 5 microgram/ml. Of the three systems, the radioimmunoassay was the least expensive, provided that a minimum of 10 analyses were performed daily; single tests required more technical time and were more costly. Costs of single tests by fluorescence immunoassay and enzyme immunoassay systems were similar. The enzyme immunoassay system performed equally well for both gentamicin and tobramycin in giving rapid and accurate results. PMID- 7034644 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Nocardia asteroides to N-formimidoyl thienamycin and several cephalosporins. AB - The susceptibility of N. asteroides to N-formimidoyl thienamycin, cefamandole, cefoxitin, and moxalactam was determined by agar dilution. N-Formimidoyl thienamycin was the most active, inhibiting eight of nine strains at 1.56 mug/ml. PMID- 7034645 TI - Lack of mutagenicity of the fungicide 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile in the Ames Salmonella microsome test. AB - The fungicide 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile was found to be not mutagenic to five Salmonella typhimurium tester strains. Incorporation of either a liver or a kidney activation system did not increase the mutagenic activity of the fungicide. PMID- 7034646 TI - Simple and convenient method for culturing anaerobic bacteria. AB - A simple and convenient method for culturing anaerobic bacteria is described. Cultures can be grown in commercially available flasks normally used for preparation of sterile external solutions. A special disposable rubber flask closure maintains anaerobic conditions in the flask after autoclaving. Growth of a variety of anaerobic oral bacteria was comparable to that obtained after anaerobic incubation of broth cultures in Brewer Anaerobic Jars. PMID- 7034647 TI - Teflon chemostat for studies of trace metal metabolism in Streptococcus mutans and other bacteria. AB - A teflon chemostat constructed for studies of microbial trace metal metabolism is described. The utility of this continuous culture system was demonstrated with Streptococcus mutans, in which iron and manganese stimulated growth in ranges of 0.18 to 0.45 and 18 to 54 microM, respectively. This device should facilitate studies of the effect of trace metals on a variety of physiological functions. PMID- 7034648 TI - Influence of diluents, media, and membrane filters on detection fo injured waterborne coliform bacteria. AB - Pure cultures of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Citrobacter freundii were injured ( greater than 90%) in water from a dead end section of the Bozeman, Montana, distribution system. The effects of the following laboratory variables on the enumeration efficiency of injured and undamaged control cells were examined: (i) diluent composition, temperature, and time of exposure; (ii) media, using various formulations employed in enumerating gram-negative bacteria; and (iii) surface pore morphology of membrane filters. The addition of peptone or milk solids to diluents and low temperature (4 degrees C) maximized the recovery of injured cells, but had little effect on undamaged cells. Control cells were recovered with high efficiencies on most media tested, but recoveries of injured cells ranged from 0 to near 100%. Most of the media commonly used in water analysis recovered less than 30% of injured cells. This was explained in part by the sensitivity of injured bacteria to deoxycholate concentrations greater than 0.01%, whereas control cells were unaffected by 0.1%. Membrane filter surface pore morphology (at 35 degrees C) had a negligible effect on total coliform recoveries. Recommendations are made regarding procedures to improve the recovery of injured coliforms by routine laboratory practices. PMID- 7034649 TI - Heterogeneous distribution of bullous pemphigoid antigen during hair development in the mouse. AB - The appearance and localization of one of the basement membrane constituents, the bullous pemphigoid antigen, were studied during the development of hair follicles in the mouse. The analysis was performed, with the indirect immunofluorescent method, on frozen sections of dorsal skin, between 14 days of gestation and 10 days post partum. Specific labelling was restricted to the epidermal-dermal junction (EDJ). The earliest positive reaction was seen in 15-day embryos as a continuous underlining of the EDJ. At later stages throughout embryonic development and up to 10 days post partum, in hair rudiments labelling of the EDJ was interrupted. In particular, the EDJ along the underside of hair placodes and nodules, the lower half of follicles at the bulb and hair cone stage, as well as around the dermal papilla was not or very faintly labelled. By contrast, in the upper portion of follicles and interplumar skin, the EDJ was brightly labelled. It is concluded that bullous pemphigoid antigen is absent or scarce in zones of morphogenetic activity, where epidermal-dermal interactions are supposedly exerted, whereas it is present in zones of histological stability. PMID- 7034650 TI - [Biochemistry, antibiotic resistance and colicinogeny of Shigella sonnei in Belgium 1977-1978]. PMID- 7034651 TI - Investigation of the mechanism of glyceollin accumulation in soybean infected by Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. PMID- 7034652 TI - The molecular cloning of cytochrome P-450c information. PMID- 7034653 TI - [Quantitative bacterial ecology of normal nasal mucosa]. AB - A quantitative research into the aerobic bacteria of human nasal cavities has been carried out; 183 healthy individuals observed, negative results 18 (9.83%). Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria, were numerically determined and the incidence of each single species or genus exactly specified. Among gram negative bacteria, Enterobacter, Providencia, Proteus, Citrobacter freundii, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Serratia, Herella, Pseudomonas, and among the Hyphomycetes, Candida albicans have been identified and their number calculated. Diphteroid bacteria were also detected and counted; among them, the Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum seemed to be the most frequent and numerous species. Finally, interference phenomena in vivo by Staphylococcus aureus and environmental and nourishment competition by Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus and Diphtheroids were noted. PMID- 7034654 TI - [Endobronchial microbial flora in patients with primary or secondary bronchitis associated with other respiratory diseases]. PMID- 7034655 TI - [Necrology of Prof. Bernardo Loddo]. PMID- 7034656 TI - Cerebromeningitis in immunosuppressed recipients of renal allografts. AB - The experience with cerebromeningitis in recipients of 769 renal allografts occurring over a 20-year period has been reviewed. Eighteen patients developed this complication; an incidence of 2.7%. Clinical manifestations were often subtle, although fever occurred almost universally. Primary risk factors included diabetes mellitus, use of high dose steroids both as maintenance immunosuppression and as treatment for acute rejection, and coincident infections or complications. The responsible organisms were fungi; the overall mortality rate 44%. By recognizing individual patient types who are at potential high risk for this complication, earlier diagnosis and more prompt and aggressive therapy has diminished the mortality dramatically in the last several years. PMID- 7034657 TI - A simple method of orthotopic liver transplantation in dogs. AB - Orthotopic liver transplantations were performed by one team in 18 dogs using a cuff method to anastomose the portal vein, the suprahepatic vena cava and the infrahepatic vena cava without external or internal shunts. Total and warm ischemic times of donor liver averaged 124 and 32 minutes, respectively. The average occlusion time of the portal vein and the infrahepatic vena cava were 9.7 and 13.9 minutes, respectively. During this time, uncontrolled hypotension, petechiae or hemorrhagic enterogastritis did not develop. Sixteen of 18 dogs survived more than five days, and five dogs lived more than three weeks. The cause of death was not related to the cuff method in any instance. This approach proved to be a technically simple and satisfactory procedure. PMID- 7034658 TI - Clinical studies of a perfluorochemical whole blood substitute (Fluosol-DA) Summary of 186 cases. AB - After the experimental and phase one studies of our so-called "artificial blood," Fluosol-DA (20%), an emulsified mixture of perfluorodecalin and perfluorotripropylamine, were successfully completed, phase two and three clinical studies were carried out on 186 patients in Japan. The initial dose was 20 ml/Kg body weight (BW), and additional 10 ml/Kg BW doses were applied as needed. Oxygen-supplying and plasma-extending effects were established. No untoward reaction was observed in any of the 186 cases except in a case that involved long-term repeated administration. Initial studies on FLuosol-DA suggest reasonable safety; however, additional clinical trials appear warranted. PMID- 7034659 TI - Cardiovascular effects of ventilation with positive expiratory airway pressure. AB - The broad clinical application of positive and expiratory pressure (PEEP) in the treatment of a variety of respiratory disorders has led to the observation that positive airway pressure can result in cardiac dysfunction. Recent attempts to integrate and extend the results of past research have led to diverse explanations of the overall cardiopulmonary effects of PEEP. This review summarizes previous work in the field and attempts to explain the basis of the divergent conclusions of previous investigators. Data are presented from several experimental models, as well as studies in postoperative patients to formulate an overall analysis of the influence of airway pressure on the central circulation. It appears that the effects of PEEP are primarily mechanical and are mediated through a combination of right ventricular preload limitation and outflow obstruction. Both effects are additive in limiting left ventricular preload and can be ameliorated by volume loading in the absence of significant right ventricular or pulmonary vascular disease. Neural, humoral and ventricular interactive forces appear to be insignificant under most circumstances. The clinical implications of these advances in the current understanding of PEEP are reviewed. PMID- 7034660 TI - The long-term outcome of Billroth I partial gastrectomy for benign gastric ulcer. AB - A study was done of 144 patients undergoing Billroth I partial gastrectomy for benign gastric ulcer. At a mean follow-up of 9.4 years, 95 patients were alive. Of 79 patients reviewed, 84% had an excellent or good result on clinical (Visick) grading. Five cases of proven recurrent ulceration were found; two of these patients required subsequent truncal vagotomy. There was one early death after operation, and 48 late deaths, including one from carcinoma of the gastric remnant (at two years), one from a reticulum cell sarcoma of the stomach (at three years), and one from reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis. The operation was not attended by appreciable nutritional sequelae, although there was a tendency towards iron deficiency anemia. PMID- 7034661 TI - Management of primary gastric lymphoma. AB - A retrospective study of 51 patients treated for primary gastric lymphoma was made to evaluate the influence of clinicopathologic features and the method of treatment on survival. The lymphocytic type of tumor showed a higher survival rate than the histiocytic type. Tumors that involved only the gastric wall resulted in a five-year survival rate of 62%, as compared with 50% for tumors that involved also the adjacent gastric lymph nodes, and 25% for those involving the distant gastric lymph nodes. Treatment by subtotal, total, or extended forms of gastric resection without postoperative radiation gave a five-year survival rate of 33%. Resection followed by radiation yielded a higher survival rate of 67%. The best results were obtained in 13 patients who received higher doses of radiation: 11 (85%) survived five or more years. One-third of the patients developed manifestations of systemic malignant lymphoma after curative therapy. These observations suggest a planned multimodal therapeutic program for this disease. PMID- 7034662 TI - [Aspergillus endocarditis. Report of a case treated surgically with success]. AB - A 42 year old man without history of rheumatic heart disease was admitted to the hospital with severe aortic insufficiency and heart failure. There were no clinical data of an infectious disease. The bidimensional echocardiogram showed vegetations involving the aortic valve leaflets. With the diagnosis of acute aortic insufficiency caused by infective endocarditis the patient was submitted to surgery. During surgery the existence of endocarditis secondary to a mycotic agent was demonstrated. The fungus was latter identified as aspergillus fumigatus. The postoperative course was uneventful. The good results obtained in this case confirm recent reports advising an urgent surgical approach of cases of infective endocarditis secondary to mycotic agents, and support the view that echocardiography may be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of this entity. PMID- 7034663 TI - [Analysis of the factors determining cardiac contractility and is effect on the regulation of ventricular function]. PMID- 7034664 TI - Dissociation of antipolyuric action and increase in plasma renin activity caused by chlorothiazide in Brattleboro rats. AB - The previous finding that chlorothiazide (about 250 mg/day) induces a sustained reduction in the polyuria of homozygous Brattleboro (BB) female rats, as well as an increase to about 250% of plasma renin activity was confirmed. Disruption of the renin-angiotensin system by either the angiotensin antagonist saralasin or the beta-blocking agent propranolol does not interfere with chlorothiazide antidiuresis. Each inhibitor reduces BB polyuria on its own, an effect which, however, may be explained by a possible interference with thirst. PMID- 7034665 TI - Effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) on the smooth muscles of the guinea-pig stomach. AB - A stable degradation product of prostacyclin (PGI2), 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were released from the smooth muscles of guinea-pig antrum into a bath solution in concentrations of 32.1 +2.5ng/g tissue/60 min (n=20) and 21.6 +2.3ng/g tissue/60 min (n=20), respectively. Stable PGI2 analog, PGI2 methylester (PGI2 m.e. 3x10(-11)-3x10(-6)M) and PGE2(3x10(-11)-3x10(-6)M) produced contraction of longitudinal muscle and inhibition of spontaneous phasic contractions of circular muscle. The actions of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha (3x10(9)-3x10( 6)M) on both muscles were 100-1000-fold weaker than those of PGI2 m.e. In electrical activities recorded by the sucrose gap method, PGI2 m.e. (10(-6)M) depolarized the membrane and generated spike discharges on the slow wave of longitudinal muscle, and decreased spike discharges on the slow wave of circular muscle. These actions of PGI2 m.e. on both muscles, however, were 10-50-fold weaker than those of PGE2. The results suggest that prostacyclin does not play a main physiological role in the regulation of gastric motility in the guinea-pig. PMID- 7034666 TI - Effect of complement activation on the biosynthesis of prostacyclin (PGI2) by rabbit peritoneum in vitro. PMID- 7034668 TI - [In memoriam: Dr. Dick Arnold van Krevelen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034667 TI - Iron uptake and iron limited growth of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Cells of Escherichia coli K-12 could grow aerobically at an iron concentration as low as 0.05 micrometer without any of the known iron ionophores present. The growth rate increased between 0.05 and 2 micrometer iron. Supplementation with the iron ligands ferrichrome and citrate resulted in optimal growth already at 0.05 micrometer iron. Under certain conditions iron uptake preceded growth of cells by more than an hour. During logarithmic growth the rate of iron uptake matched the growth rate. The radioactive tracer method revealed a cellular iron content of 4 nmol/mg dry weight. After consumption of the iron in the medium cells continued to grow with high rate for 1-2 generations. The iron uptake activity was increased during iron starvation. PMID- 7034669 TI - Therapy impact on functional outcome in a controlled trial of stroke rehabilitation. AB - In a randomized controlled trial of management of acute stroke in the elderly, a higher proportion of patients were assessed as independent in self-care in a stroke unit compared with patients with similar levels of neurologic impairment treated in medical units. The use of physical therapy and occupational therapy in the stroke unit and medical units was compared. Patients in the stroke unit received less therapy over a shorter period of time; however, a higher proportion had occupational therapy beginning at a much shorter interval after admission. Early introduction of rehabilitation by therapists may be more important than the amount of duration of treatment. PMID- 7034670 TI - Lumbar disc disease. PMID- 7034671 TI - Burn injury: rehabilitation management in 1982. AB - Coincident with the recent development of more effective acute care of burn injured patients, has been the growth of dynamic, integrated rehabilitative efforts. The physical, emotional, and social problems that face the thermally injured patient must be solved in a constructive, coordinated manner within the matrix of total patient care. Most burns are minor burns, which may be optimally treated on an outpatient basis in a physical medicine department. Hospitalized patients, with more extensive and severe burns, should have the benefit of rehabilitative team efforts immediately after injury. We describe a comprehensive approach to the rehabilitative care of the thermally injured, including the techniques of wound management, positioning, splinting, and exercise at all chronologic phases of care. The psychosocial component of patient care is also discussed and the importance of counseling and relaxation methods addressed. Specialized problems and therapeutic techniques associated with hand burns are explained and appropriate splinting methods are illustrated. PMID- 7034672 TI - Effect of suture technique on arterial anastomotic compliance. AB - To determine the immediate effect of running and interrupted suture on anastomotic compliance, catheters were positioned in both femoral arteries of ten dogs for pressure measurement and introduction of an electromagnetic rheoangiometry loop probe. Changes in the area of the loop allowed simultaneous determination of the static and pulsatile internal diameter of the vessel when the loop was in an externally induced magnetic field. After dynamic diameter compliance (Cd) of the undisturbed femoral arteries was obtained, they were exposed, stripped of their adventitia, and divided. They were subsequently anastomosed with 6-0 polypropylene suture using a running anastomosis for one femoral artery and an interrupted anastomosis for the other; Cd was then measured 1 cm proximal to the anastomoses, at the anastomoses, and 1 cm distal to the anastomoses. The Cd significantly decreased with both running and interrupted anastomoses; running anastomoses showed significantly greater decrease in compliance than did interrupted. PMID- 7034673 TI - Sepsis in surgery. Presidential address. PMID- 7034674 TI - Role of lymphatic vessels in bacterial clearance from early soft-tissue infection. AB - A popular concept regarding the pathophysiologic characteristics of infection is that early bacterial clearance from tissue is an important host defense mechanism. Staphylococcus aureus, S epidermidis, Escherichia coli, enterococcus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were radiolabeled with tritiated thymidine and injected subcutaneously into rabbit ears. Negligible clearance occurred at five hours, and less than 30% of injected bacteria cleared in 24 hours. Lymphatic function measured by clearance with bovine serum albumin labeled with iodine 125 was normal at all times during the first 24 hours. Clearance of live S aureus, radiolabeled by tritiated thymidine, was not accelerated by preexisting 12- or 24 hour hold-old inflammatory lesions. Clearance of bacteria rendered nonviable in vitro by antibiotics and heat were cleared in proportion to the degree of bacterial cell lysis. Bacterial clearance of S aureus correlated with the rate of bacterial lysis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. These data support the hypothesis that lymphatic clearance of bacteria from soft tissues is of negligible importance as a host defense mechanism in the decisive period of soft tissue infection. PMID- 7034675 TI - Alterations in lipogenic enzymes and lipoprotein lipase activity during gram negative sepsis in the rat. AB - The effects of sepsis on lipid metabolism have not been clearly defined. This study was designed to observe the changes in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) after administration of Escherichia coli bacteria. Male Lewis rats, weighing 245 to 270 g, were assigned to two groups and fed a powdered chow diet for 14 days. On day 14, one group was inoculated with E coli. Twenty-four hours later, both groups were killed by decapitation. Serum triglyceride levels were significantly elevated in the E coli-treated rats. Adipose tissue LPL and FAS activity was significantly decreased by 50% in E coli treated rats compared with the control rats. These results suggest that the elevated serum triglyceride levels associated with sepsis maybe caused by a decreased rate of clearance of lipids from the blood and an increased rate of hepatic lipid synthesis. PMID- 7034676 TI - Nonspecific enhancement of resistance to local bacterial infection in starved mice. AB - We studied the effect of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) on enhancing resistance to local bacterial challenge in starved mice. The challenge consisted of the intramuscular insertion of a suture laden with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Mice that had been pretreated with MDP had a statistically lower rate of bacterial recovery at the site of the challenge, had consistently fewer bacteria in the blood, and had improved short-term survival. By enhancing local bacterial containment, MDP pretreatment of immunocompromised animals reduces the level of bacteremia and subsequent mortality. PMID- 7034677 TI - Prostaglandin infusion and endotoxin-induced lung injury. AB - The use of prostaglandins is currently undergoing clinical trials in respiratory failure accompanying sepsis. The effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and prostacyclin (PGI2) infusion on endotoxin-induced lung injury, with attention to interstitial fluid flux (QL), pulmonary vascular pressure (Ppa), leukocytes, platelets, and release of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase, was investigated. A chronic lung lymph fistula model in sheep was used. Seven sheep alternately received Escherichia coli endotoxin and endotoxin plus PGE at a dosage of 1 microgram/kg/min. Six sheep received PGI2 (0.2 microgram/kg/min) instead of PGE1. Both PGE1 and PGI2 decreased the pulmonary hypertension and the interstitial edema produced by endotoxin primarily through their vasodilatory properties. Prostacyclin seemed to have an additional membrane-stabilizing effect. A rebound increase in QL, Ppa, and platelets occurred when PGE1 or PGI2 infusion was discontinued. PMID- 7034678 TI - Bactericidal activity and toxicity of iodine-containing solutions in wounds. AB - Complexing iodine with povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone) or surfactants significantly limits the quantity of free iodine. Reduction of the free iodine level eliminates the adverse properties of staining, instability, and irritation and also alters bactericidal activity. Addition of detergents to create surgical scrub solutions further reduces the activity of iodine. In vitro testing indicated that the bactericidal activity of iodophors was inferior to that of uncomplexed aqueous iodine. In vivo tests proved that aqueous iodine significantly potentiated the development of infection. Although the povidone iodophor did not enhance the rate of wound or infection, it offered no therapeutic benefit when compared with control wounds treated with saline solution. Addition of detergents to the povidone iodophor was deleterious, with the wounds exposed to this combination displaying significantly higher infection rates than untreated control wounds. Based on these results, aqueous iodine solutions and iodophor surgical scrub solutions should not be used on broken skin. Aqueous iodophors can be used in wounds, but no therapeutic benefit from such use was found in this study. PMID- 7034679 TI - Experimental Proteus mirabilis burn surface infection. AB - We established a human burn isolate of Proteus mirabilis as an experimental pathogen. Infliction of a nonfatal scald injury (30%) rendered rats highly susceptible to lethal surface infection with this isolate. Dose-response experiments indicated that the lethal inoculation dose (50%) was less than 10(3) organisms per square centimeter. Histopathologically, surface colonization was followed by progressive growth with subsequent invasion of viable tissue. The invasion was not characterized by the perivascular or perineural lesions observed in experimental Pseudomonas burn sepsis. Bacteriologic examinations showed moribund animals to be bacteremic with the test strain and to have wound biopsy counts exceeding 10(6) organisms per gram of tissue. The role of bacterial motility as a virulence factor in this surface infection was investigated. Substrains selected for loss of subsurface spreading in soft agar lost virulence. This model of burn infection with a member of the Enterobacteriaceae should be used to evaluate topical and parenteral antimicrobial agents needed for the control of wound infections caused by such agents. PMID- 7034680 TI - Single-dose intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in emergency abdominal surgery. AB - In a randomized controlled trial of the use of a single intravenous dose of gentamicin sulfate and clindamycin phosphate used intraoperatively during emergency abdominal surgery, the overall incidence of postoperative wound infection was reduced from 32.3% to 10.4%. Significant reduction in wound infection occurred in the study group compared with control subjects irrespective of the underlying pathologic lesion. No side effects of the use of antibiotics were noted. The policy of antibiotic prophylaxis in emergency surgery seems to be of particular benefit in elderly patients. PMID- 7034681 TI - A hemostatic scalpel for burn debridement. AB - We studied excision of burns with a new heated scalpel. The disposable blade resemble conventional scalpel blades, except that their edges can be heated and the temperature controlled within narrow limits. The control mechanism compensates "instantaneously" for varying losses of heat depending on the vascularity of the tissues and rate of cutting. Cutting is done by the blade's sharp edge and hemostasis results from direct transfer of heat; no electric currents are generated in the tissues. The blades can be fashioned in variety of shapes and sizes, including those suitable for tangential excisions. The heated scalpel allows excision of third-degree burns in pigs and humans with much smaller loss of blood than when the usual cold surgical scalpel is used. Skin grafts applied immediately after excisions with the heated scalpel had excellent rates of success, similar to those of grafts applied immediately after excisions with the cold scalpel. PMID- 7034682 TI - Transplantation of microbially contaminated cadaver kidneys. AB - Bacterial cultures of graft perfusion fluid were taken on 514 renal perfusions during a ten-year period. A total of 22 positive cultures were found. Two sets of kidneys were discarded because of the bacteriology report. Only two possible wound infections were found that could be attributable to the preoperative contamination even though 19 of 24 patients with "contaminated" kidneys received no antibiotics. No loss of kidneys or life was found. Of the 22 contaminated perfusates, 18 (80%) originated from other institutions although only 144 (28%) of the total kidneys that were perfused came from other institutions. The majority of cultures indicated that the organisms were skin contaminants or organisms of low virulence. Microbial contamination of perfused cadaver kidneys is uncommon (1.2% in local kidneys and 9.3% in shared kidneys). Contaminated kidneys are not a major source of infection in renal transplant recipients. Kidneys that are contaminated with frequently virulent Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, should be discarded. Contamination of kidneys with Gram positive organisms should not be a contraindication for transplantation, but the patients should probably be given prophylactic antibiotics. PMID- 7034683 TI - Postoperative peritonitis caused by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7034684 TI - [Protein quality of dietary yeast ribonucleic acid in experiments using growing rats. 1. Effect of ribonucleic acid on the body composition]. AB - In a feeding trial with growing rats the influence of dietary ribonucleic acid on the composition of body gain was investigated. To a control ration with casein + 50% DL-methionine as the sole protein source (1,64 N% in DM) ribonucleic acid (RNA) from yeast was supplemented at four levels ranging from 7,8% to 31,2% of diets nitrogen. The portion of daily feed and nitrogen intake derived from the basal diet was designed to be equal for all the animals. RNA was ingested in addition. Gain of body fresh and dry matter slightly increased with the dietary RNA-level, due to an increased deposition of body fat. Protein efficiency ratio as well as productive protein value decreased linearly with increasing N-intake. It may be concluded that RNA-N has slightly contributed to body mass gain but was not utilised for protein deposition. PMID- 7034685 TI - Absence of mutagenic activity and a short-term toxicity study of beet pigments as food colorants. AB - Beet colorant was tested for mutagenic activity in five S. typhimurium strains. The absence of mutagenic activity was found with or without S-9 rat liver fractions. Groups of six rats were fed red beet colorant preparations containing 2,000 ppm betalains in the diet for 7 days. No significant differences were noted in body weight gains, feed consumption, or gross pathological alterations compared to the controls. These preliminary toxicological results indicate the potential usage of betalain pigments as a food colorant, but further long term investigations are warranted. PMID- 7034687 TI - Growth of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in larvae of the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae L. AB - Growth of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) in 5 larval instars of cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae, has been quantified using 2 methods. Numbers of polyhedra were estimated by light microscope counts while concentrations of virus protein antigen were estimated using ELISA. Virus growth was rapid initially but slowed during its later stages, although ELISA protein concentrations decreased once a peak had been reached. There was a linear correlation between polyhedral counts and virus protein during the initial growth phase. Maximum polyhedral production ranged from 2 x 107 (first instar) to 3.4 x 109 (fifth instar) and could be correlated directly to increasing larval weight. Using ELisa, virus antigen was detectable at least 24 hours before polyhedra were observed under the light microscope. Productivity ratios ranged from 83,500 in the first instar to 1352 in the fifth instar. PMID- 7034686 TI - Altered cellular morphology resulting from cytocidal virus infection. PMID- 7034688 TI - A reliable enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for African swine fever using the major structural protein as antigenic reagent. PMID- 7034690 TI - [Device for the multiaxial distention of flat biological tissues]. PMID- 7034689 TI - Human enteric coronaviruses. Brief review. PMID- 7034691 TI - [Tensiometer for biological tissues]. PMID- 7034692 TI - [Structural organization of caudate-frontal relationships in lower monkeys]. AB - Cellular structure of the caudate nuclei has been studied in intact monkeys (Macaca rhesus and Papio hamadryas) after bilateral extirpation of the frontal area fields. Methods of retrograde cellular degeneration and quantitative analysis with application of the computer "Klassimat" have been used. Only in one macaca operated on, the frontal premotor and motor fields have been removed, in other monkeys the frontal fields have been predominantly removed. Only in one macaca operated on, a statistically significant decrease of the total fraction of neurons and gliocytes has been revealed in the caudate nucleus head, it is evidently resulted from extirpation of the fields situating in the cortical end of the motor analyser (fields 4, 6, 8). No direct axonal connections have been revealed between the caudate nucleus and the fields 9, 10, 47. PMID- 7034693 TI - [Problem of molecular morphology]. PMID- 7034694 TI - [Mononuclear epithelial infiltration in squamous cell skin cancer, allergic contact dermatitis and skin allograft]. AB - Histological and electron microscopic examinations of cellular infiltration were carried out in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in humans, in the zone of dinitrochlorobenzene allergic contact dermatitis in guinea pigs, and in allotransplant and the surrounding skin in mice. In all the processes studied, the epithelial part of the cell infiltration area was found to differ from the connective tissue area by cell composition. The epithelial sheets were shown to be infiltrated mostly with heterogenous lymphocytes as well as occasional macrophages forming simple and slit-like contacts with epithelial cells. It is doubtful whether lymphocyte-macrophage infiltration of the epithelium causes necrobiotic changes in its cells in the processes studied. PMID- 7034695 TI - [Sex chromatin in oncomorphology]. AB - SCr body is a label of repression of one of the sex chromosomes (X chromosome in women or Y chromosome in men) in the interphase nucleus. By the end of the synthesis period these chromosomes undergo derepression since DNA replication occurs. Thus, by the end of the synthetic and in premitotic periods of the cellular cycle the SCr body disappears. In tumors of various locations, a clear cut inverse proportional dependence between a decrease in the number of nuclei with SCr bodies and an increase in the mitotic index was demonstrated. Therefore, the CSr test is an index of the growth rate (proliferative activity) of the examined tumor. By this test it is possible to determine the degree of the tumor progression, to assess the mitotic activity in small pieces of biopsy materials. The SCr test may be an additional method for differential diagnosis of malignant tumors. PMID- 7034696 TI - [Immunomorphological method in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcomas]. AB - Eight rhabdomyosarcomas were examined by indirect Coons method using rabbit antisera to myosin of human striated and smooth muscles. Positive immunofluorescence with the antiserum to striated muscle myosin was observed in 6 out of 8 tumors. In the preparations treated with the antiserum to smooth muscle myosin, fluorescence of smooth muscles of the blood vessels was observed. Immunofluorescence was absent in 1 embryonal and 1 pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas. The tumors with positive fluorescence included 2 embryonal, 1 alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas, 1 metastasis of testicular rhabdomyosarcoma into the lymph nodes, 1 rhabdomyosarcoma of undifferentiated type, and 1 rhabdomyosarcoma with signs of therapeutic pathomorphosis. The high resolving capacity of the method allows its use for specification ppf histological diagnosis of tumors with different levels of cytodifferentiation. PMID- 7034697 TI - [Method for the objective evaluation of the state of the esophageal mucosa in reflux esophagitis (based on target biopsy data)]. AB - A method for objective evaluation of a complex of histological changes of esophageal mucosa is proposed for increasing the reliability of the diagnosis. The method is based on the determination of quantitative similarity of the histological changes detected in the patient with the reference ones. This enables the histomorphologist to overcome the difficulties encountered in determining the degree of intensity of the inflammatory process and to apply computer techniques to timely and correct diagnosis of reflux esophagitis. PMID- 7034698 TI - [Alcoholic injuries to the myocardium]. AB - Investigations of recent years have demonstrated an important role of cardiovascular pathology in the clinical picture of alcoholism. Chronic alcoholic poisoning leads to the development of alcoholic myocardial dystrophy (AMCD) which frequently has no definite clinical symptoms. Examination of morphological changes in the myocardium in AMCD reveals some signs which are not sufficiently specific but are of diagnostic interest in combination with clinical data. Comparison or morphofunctional and biochemical clinical and experimental data suggested multiple-factor nature of AMCD. The leading role in it belongs to hypoxia-like effects of ethanol proper and its metabolites on the myocardium as well as to their mediated effect through the disorders of the sympathetic regulation of the heart, electrolite and lipid metabolism, microcirculation. PMID- 7034699 TI - [Verapamil-hydrochlorothiazide vs. metoprolol-hydrochlorothiazide. Trial in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 7034700 TI - [Treatment of diuretic-resistant arterial hypertension - crossed comparative study of verapamil and clonidine]. PMID- 7034701 TI - [Contribution of immunofluorescent reactions in the cerebrospinal fluid to the study of neurocysticercosis]. AB - The most important immunobiological aspects of neurocysticercosis and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) syndrome in this disease are reviewed. A study was made of 1.577 samples of CSF from 1.282 patients who suffered from several diseases of central nervous system. They were divided in 3 groups: 1- 459 patients with normal results of CSF tests; 2- 600 patients with pathological CSF, but with immunological reactions non-reactive; 3- 233 patients divided in 8 sub-groups according the results of the immunological reactions. CSF immunofluorescent reactions for syphilis (FTA-Abs). cysticercosis and toxoplasmosis were analysed. Results obtained showed that immunofluorescent reaction for cysticercosis has the same sensitivity and especificity as the complement fixation test, but, not considering those samples who showed delay in hemolisys of the complement fixation test, the immunofluorescent reaction showed significative, better results, as occurs, with the FTA-Abs in syphilis. The agreement between the results of the immunofluorescent reaction and complement fixation in CSF contributes for a better security to the immunodiagnosis of cysticercosis and is particularly useful in those cases in which the complement fixation test in anti complementary. The positive of immunofluorescent reaction for cysticercosis in CSF must be incorporated to the CSF syndrome of the disease and contributes to the immunobiological studies of the disease. PMID- 7034702 TI - The histopathology of a case of keratophakia. AB - We studied a human cornea that was obtained at the time of penetrating keratoplasty four months after a keratophakia procedure and cataract extraction. We found endothelial cell loss with corneal edema, interface epithelial ingrowth, absence of keratocytes, and an abnormality in the collagen structure of the donor homograft (lenticule) and abnormal host keratocytes in the recipient lamellar (host) bed. We suspect that the cause of keratocyte and collagen injury was associated with the cryopreservation process. We recommend that if a combined cataract extraction and keratophakia procedure is contemplated, the lens extraction be performed in an intracapsular fashion if the keratophakia procedure has been completed or in an extracapsular fashion before the replacement of the donor lenticule and anterior part of the host cornea. PMID- 7034703 TI - A new technique for lathing lyophilized cornea for refractive keratoplasty. PMID- 7034704 TI - Ocular adnexal lymphoid tumors. Correlative ultrastructural and immunologic marker studies. AB - Twenty-two ocular adnexal lymphoid infiltrates were analyzed by electron microscopy as well as immunologically and cytochemically. Five reactive polyclonal lesions were found to be preponderantly composed of small mature lymphocytes (presumably T cells) with clumped nuclear chromatin, sparse cytoplasmic organelles, and numerous monoribosomes. In 11 monoclonal B-cell lesions, both the 1-micrometer plastic sections examined by light microscopy and the electron micrographs disclosed immature cells, with more dispersed nuclear chromatin, prominent nucleoli, abundant cytoplasmic polyribosomes, and increased numbers of mitochondria and strands of endoplasmic reticulum particularly in plasmacytoid lesions). The remaining six monoclonal B-cell lesions were composed of comparatively well-differentiated cells requiring electron microscopy to show somewhat more prominent nucleoli, slightly less dense clumping of the nuclear chromatin, increased numbers of mitochondria and short segments of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, and monoribosomes rather than polyribosomes. The importance of distinguishing this group of well-differentiated monoclonal lesions from the less well-differentiated ones was underscored by the results of the follow-up examinations, in that no evidence of extraorbital disease has been discovered in the former group, while a 50% incidence occurred in the latter. PMID- 7034705 TI - The inhibition of bacterial cell growth by ketone bodies. AB - The effect of ketone bodies on the growth, in culture, of Escherichia coli was investigated. Both growth and glucose utilisation were inhibited in the presence of 20 mmol/l D-3-hydroxybutyrate. Lower concentrations of D-3-hydroxybutyrate caused proportionally less inhibition of growth. Acetoacetate also inhibited growth but other glycolytic inhibitors and chemical analogues of D-3 hydroxybutyrate either did not inhibit or proved to be too toxic for bacterial growth. Citrate enhanced the ketone body effect. D-3-hydroxybutyrate also inhibited the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter freundii and Salmonella typhimurium. The possible relationship between ketone body inhibition of cell growth and oxygen limitation is discussed. PMID- 7034706 TI - Genetic counselling in insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 7034707 TI - Failure of oral N-acetylcysteine to improve the malabsorption of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7034708 TI - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a serological test for detecting antibodies against Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in sheep. AB - The enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared with the standard microscopic agglutination test (MAT) as a method for detecting antibodies against Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in sheep. Peak antibody levels detected by the 2 tests occurred at different times following experimental infection of sheep. In serums from flocks of sheep with naturally acquired infection there was a 95% correlation between MAT and ELISA with respect to the presence or absence of antibody to serovar hardjo, although the levels of correlation of the titres of the 2 tests was low. The 2 tests appeared to measure different antigen antibody systems. The ELISA would be a useful test for screening large numbers of serums for antibodies to L. interrogans serovar hardjo. PMID- 7034709 TI - The heart score theory in the racehorse. PMID- 7034710 TI - Salmonella in mechanically deboned meat. PMID- 7034711 TI - Present and future use of retinoids in Australia. PMID- 7034712 TI - Staging procedures in cutaneous T cell disease. PMID- 7034713 TI - Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corp. PMID- 7034714 TI - The historical background to aerospace pathology. AB - The Joint Committee on Aviation Pathology was born on 14 Nov., 1955. Its formation coincided with the advent of jet-powered commercial air transport, a step recognised by aviators and governments as being of tremendous significance in that it implied a considerable technological advance. Since then, supersonic air transport has become possible and man has walked upon the moon. Although aerospace pathology-which led the way to accident/injury research- has contributed greatly to the very much improved safety record of aviation, it is obvious that additional work is required. A closer relationship between research and development of future aircraft and pathologists is necessary if further inroads are to be made. PMID- 7034715 TI - The effect of acetazolamide on the proteinuria of altitude. AB - Albumin was measured by dipstick tests and immunologically in 24-h and early morning urine (EMU) samples collected from 20 subjects during a high-altitude trek. Each was given acetazolamide (Diamox sustets) or placebo as part of a double-blind trial on the prophylactic use of acetazolamide in acute mountain sickness (AMS). At the highest altitudes, albuminuria was six times greater in those on placebo (p less than 0.001) and was related to the clinical features of AMS (p less than 0.01) and arterial oxygen tension (p less than 0.001). Urine dipsticks tests for proteinuria were also an index of AMS, but were inaccurate. The proteinuria is probably due to renal hypoxia, which causes increased glomerular permeability, reduced tubular readsorption, or both. The reduction in the clinical features of AMS achieved with acetazolamide therapy is also associate with improved renal function. PMID- 7034716 TI - Proline biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Stoichiometry and end-product identification of the reaction catalysed by glutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase. AB - The stoichiometry of the oxidative phosphorylation of glutamic acid 5 semialdehyde by gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase (glutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase) has been established. Equimolar amounts of NADP+ and L-glutamic acid 5-semialdehyde are consumed and equimolar amounts of 5-oxiopyrroilidine-2 carboxylic acid and NADPH are formed. The end-product of the reaction is demonstrated to be 5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, probably arising from the true end-product gamma-glutamyl phosphate. PMID- 7034717 TI - The organization of hydrogenase in the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli. AB - The organization of the membrane-bound hydrogenase from Escherichia coli was studied by using two membrane-impermeant probes, diazotized [125I]di iodosulphanilic acid and lactoperoxidase-catalysed radioiodination. The labelling pattern of the enzyme obtained from labelled spheroplasts was compared with that from predominantly inside-out membrane vesicles, after recovery of hydrogenase by immunoprecipitation. The labelling pattern of F1-ATPase was used as a control for labelling at the cytoplasmic surface throughout these experiments. Hydrogenase (mol.wt. approx. 63 000) is transmembranous. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis with anti-(membrane vesicle) immunoglobulins, coupled with successive immunoadsorption of the antiserum with spheroplasts, confirmed the location of hydrogenase at the periplasmic surface. Immunoadsorption with sonicated spheroplasts suggests that the enzyme is also exposed at the cytoplasmic surface. Inside-out vesicles were prepared by agglutination of sonicated spheroplasts, and the results of immunoadsorption using these vesicles confirms the location of hydrogenase at the cytoplasmic surface. PMID- 7034718 TI - New renin inhibitors homologous with pepstatin. AB - Four homologues of pepstatin, the potent but poorly soluble inhibitor of aspartic proteinases, were synthesized by coupling to the C-terminus of the natural pentapeptide the following amino acid residues: L-arginine methyl ester, L aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid and the dipeptide L-aspartyl-L-arginine. The peptide-coupling reagent we used, benzotriazolyloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, allowed us to obtain readily pure pepstatin homologues with high yields (60-83%). Pepstatylarginine methyl ester and pepstatylglutamic acid were about one order of magnitude more water-soluble than pepstatin. The four homologues and pepstatin were tested in vitro as inhibitors for highly purified pig and human renins acting on the N-acetyltetradecapeptide substrate. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the homologues were ranged from 0.01 to 1 microM against porcine renin at pH 6.0 (pepstatin IC50 approximately 0.32 microM) and from 5.8 to 41 microM against human renin at pH 6.5 (pepstatin IC 50 approximately 17 microM). By three different graphical methods we showed that pepstatin and the four homologues behaved as competitive inhibitors for porcine renin. The most potent inhibitors were pepstatylaspartic acid and pepstatylglutamic acid, with inhibitory constants respectively 2- and 10-fold smaller than that of pepstatin. By coupling glutamic acid to pepstatin, the ratio solubility/Ki was increased by two orders of magnitude. PMID- 7034719 TI - A study of the structures of the YaYa and YaYc glutathione S-transferases from rat liver cytosol. Evidence that the Ya monomer is responsible for lithocholate binding activity. AB - The two dimeric lithocholic acid-binding proteins previously identified as ligandin (YaYa) and glutathione S-transferase B (YaYc) were isolated from rat liver cytosol. These proteins have molecular weights of 44000 and 47000 respectively. The recovery of these two proteins from liver was not affected by the addition of the proteinase inhibitor Trasylol. No spontaneous interconversion between these two proteins was observed on storage. YaYa and YaYc proteins yielded peptides of identical molecular weight after limited digestion with Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase. Analytical and preparative tryptic-digest peptide 'maps' showed that all the soluble peptides obtained from YaYa protein were also recovered from YaYc protein. Approximately six extra soluble peptides, which were not recovered from YaYa protein, were obtained from the tryptic digest of YaYc protein. Subdigests of the insoluble tryptic-digest 'cores' also resulted in the recovery of identical peptides from both proteins. Evidence is presented that the Ya subunit possessed by both proteins is identical; glutathione S transferase B is a hybrid of ligandin and glutathione S-transferase AA. The Ya monomer is responsible for lithocholate binding. PMID- 7034720 TI - Molecular and antigenic properties of cytochrome b5 from slow-muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - NADH--cytochrome b5 reductase and cytochrome b5 associated with slow-muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum and liver microsomal fraction were identified with discrete protein bands of molecular weights 33000 and 16700 by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Purified detergent-extracted cytochrome b5 from muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum is indistinguishable from liver microsomal cytochrome b5 with respect to spectral properties, pI values and immunological reactivity with antibody to the liver cytochrome b5. Reaction of the antibody with membrane-bound cytochrome b5 inhibits the sarcoplasmic-reticulum NADH--cytochrome c reductase activity. PMID- 7034721 TI - Isolation and characterization of rat plasma fibronectin. AB - Rat plasma fibronectin has been isolated and characterized and monospecific antibodies were prepared to it. Two components of fresh rat plasma (in the presence of proteinase inhibitors) bound to a gelatin-Sepharose affinity column. One protein was eluted with 4.0 M-urea and was identified as fibronectin. Another protein was eluted from the gelatin-Sepharose column with 8.0 M-urea and was identified as a 70 000-Mr collagen-binding molecule. This 70 000-Mr fragment was found to be a normal constituent of blood plasma, and its presence did not represent a proteolytic degradation product formed during isolation. The antibodies prepared against rat fibronectin only weakly cross-reacted with plasma fibronectins of chicken, horse and human. These studies shed light on the metabolic interrelationships between fibronectin and other collagen-binding molecules. PMID- 7034722 TI - Affinity chromatography of yeast alpha-glucosidase using ligand-mediated chromatography on immobilized phenylboronic acids. AB - The synthesis of 3-nitro-4-(6-aminohexylamido)phenylboronic acid is described. The properties of two novel forms of immobilized phenylboronate agarose adsorbents [m-aminophenylboronic acid-Matrex Gel and 3-nitro-4-(6 aminohexylamido)phenylboronic acid-Sepharose CL-6B] were investigated. Both gels bind and selectively retard the glycoprotein alpha-glucosidase from yeast. The retardation is affected by following parameters: (i) pH, (ii) presence of sugar, (iii) concentration of sugar and (iv) buffer species (especially triethanolamine). Five sugars were studied, namely sorbitol, fructose, ribose, glucose and maltose. The concentration of sugar required to produce significant retardation increased in the above order, whereas the ability of sugar to form a complex with boron decreases in the same order. These effects were observed with crude as well as pure enzyme. Since alpha-glucosidase is a glycoprotein, it is proposed that this protein is mainly bound to these immobilized phenylboronates via sugar (glyco) residues. Displacement of the enzyme from the column is effected by the sugar in the buffer (or in a preincubation mixture). However, the marked pH-dependence (this retardation effect could only be observed at pH 7.4) suggests that these results are not due solely to hydrophobic or ionic mechanisms and are more complex than simple sugar-phenylboronic acid interactions. PMID- 7034723 TI - Subcellular localization of aldehyde reductase activities in ox brain. AB - The distribution of the two principal isoenzymes of aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.2) has been studied in ox brain. The more active of these, which has been termed the high-Km enzyme, has been shown to be located in the cytosol and the less abundant low-Km form has a similar localization. p-Nitrobenzaldehyde, which has been used as a substrate in previous studies, caused the reduction of NADH in the presence of the mitochondrial fraction, but mixed substrate experiments with 1,3-dinitrobenzene and the effects of pH on the activity indicate that this is due to the presence of a nitro reductase activity which has been recently described (Kochli, Wermuth & von Wartburg (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 616, 133 142] rather than to the low-Km aldehyde reductase activity. Fractionation of the mitochondria indicated this activity to be largely confined to the mitochondrial inner membrane. PMID- 7034724 TI - Differences in the interaction of the catalytic groups of the active centres of actinidin and papain. Rapid purification of fully active actinidin by covalent chromatography and characterization of its active centre by use of two-protonic state reactivity probes. AB - 1. A rapid method of isolation of fully active actinidin, the cysteine proteinase from Actinidia chinensis (Chinese gooseberry or kiwifruit), by covalent chromatography, was devised. 2. The active centre of actinidin was investigated by using n-propyl 2-pyridyl disulphide, 4-(N-aminoethyl 2'-pyridyl disulphide)-7 nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan as reactivity probes. 3. The presence in actinidin in weakly acidic media of an interactive system containing a nucleophilic sulphur atom was demonstrated. 4. The pKa values (3.1 and 9.6) that characterize this interactive system are more widely separated than those that characterize the interactive active centre systems of ficin (EC 3.4.22.3) and papain (EC 3.4.22.2) (3.8 and 8.6, and 3.9 and 8.8 respectively). 5. Actinidin was shown to resemble ficin rather than papain in (i) the disposition of the active-centre imidazole group with respect to hydrophobic binding areas, and (ii) the inability of the active-centre aspartic acid carboxy group to influence the reactivity of the active-centre thiol group at pH values of about 4. 6. The implications of the results for one-state and two-state mechanisms for cysteine-proteinase catalysis are discussed. PMID- 7034725 TI - The effect of inorganic phosphate on the stability of some enzymes. AB - In the presence of 5nM-P1, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from the yeast Candida utilis is more resistant to proteolysis and to the inactivating action of some chemical and physical agents. P1 also protects other enzymes against proteolysis. A hypothesis for the mechanism of the stabilizing action of P1 is advanced. PMID- 7034726 TI - The red cell membrane and its cytoskeleton. PMID- 7034727 TI - Glucose-induced inactivation of mitochondrial enzymes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - 1. Addition of glucose induced an inactivation of mitochondrial enzymes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing normal mitochondrial particles. 2. The glucose-induced inactivation of mitochondrial enzymes was inhibited by the presence of cycloheximide. 3. Pepstatin also inhibited the inactivation, but phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride accelerated the inactivation. 4. The specific activities of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase were decreased on the exposure to glucose, as well as those of the mitochondrial enzymes. However, the glucose-induced inactivation of cytoplasmic enzymes was not inhibited by the presence of pepstatin. 5. The specific activities of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase, which are cytoplasmic enzymes were increased by the addition of glucose, and this effect was not affected by pepstatin. 6. Addition of glucose resulted in an increase in the synthesis of proteins of the mitochondria and the cytosol, and simultaneously in degradation of these mitochondrial and cytoplasmic proteins. PMID- 7034728 TI - The biliary excretion of enterokinase in rats. Studies in normal, chronic ethanol maintained and cirrhotic rats. AB - The excretion of catalytically active human or pig enterokinase in hepatic bile after intravenous administration to normal rats or rats that had been maintained on 20% (v/v) ethanol for 1 year showed similar kinetics to that described for other serum-derived bile proteins. The half-life in serum was 2.5 min or less, and most of the enzyme was excreted within 45 min of administration. This was maintained when up to six successive doses were given at 90 min intervals. The mean amount excreted per dose was independent of the dose number and varied from 0.8% to 2.1% in the normal animals and 1.2% to 2.0% in the chronic ethanol maintained animals. When three doses of enzyme were given at 30 min intervals, the total amount of active enterokinase recovered in bile was dose-dependent and was consistently higher in the rats drinking 20% (v/v) ethanol. The serum half life of enterokinase in rats made cirrhotic by inhalation of carbon tetrachloride vapour was extended to 6 min or more. The amount of active enzyme recovered in bile was at least 50% less than in weight-matched normal rats, and excretion was not complete 2h after intravenous administration. The possible significance of these findings in liver and pancreatic disease is discussed. PMID- 7034729 TI - Mechanism of 3-phenylpyruvate-induced insulin release from isolated pancreatic islets. AB - 3-Phenylpyruvate evoked a monophasic insulin release from perifused mouse islets. L-Phenylalanine was not an insulin secretagogue and was oxidized by islets at a very low rate, suggesting that 3-phenylpyruvate does not trigger insulin release by enhancing production of reducing equivalents. Moreover, allosteric activation of glutamate dehydrogenase does not play a role in 3-phenylpyruvate-induced insulin secretion. PMID- 7034730 TI - Skeletal-muscle alpha-glucosidases in bovine generalized glycogenosis type II. AB - The skeletal muscle of cattle suffering from generalized glycogenosis type II was shown to lack acid alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.3) activity. Furthermore, there was no evidence of enzymically inactive proteins that cross-reacted with antibodies raised against acid alpha-glucosidase from the muscle of normal animals. PMID- 7034731 TI - Developmental changes in rat blood choline concentration. AB - 1. Serum choline concentration in the newborn rat is extremely high and declines as the rat matures until adult values are attained at 20 days of age. 2. Rat milk is a rich source of choline, and rat pups denied access to milk had significantly lower serum choline concentrations than did fed littermates. We conclude that dietary intake of choline contributes to the maintenance of high serum choline concentrations in the neonatal rat. 3. In vivo, choline disappears with a half life of 70 min. It is converted into betaine, phosphocholine and phosphatidylcholine. The rate of phosphocholine formation is identical in 3- and 10-day-old rats (3.3 mumol/h), whereas the rate of betaine formation is slower in younger animals (0.15 mumol/h at 3 days versus 0.69 mumol/h at 10 days). In vitro, choline oxidase activity [choline dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.1) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.8)] increased between birth and 40 days of age. The age-related acceleration in choline's conversion into betaine probably tends to diminish unesterified choline concentration in the rat. PMID- 7034732 TI - The role of potassium transport in the generation of a pH gradient in Escherichia coli. AB - The role of K+ transport in the generation of a pH gradient in Escherichia coli has been investigated. In K+-depleted cells, net K+ uptake dissipated delta psi (membrane potential) and led to an increase in delta pH (pH gradient). The magnitude of the delta pH formed bore a simple relationship to the net K+ uptake and was substantially independent of the respiratory rate. In K+-replete cells, generation of a pH gradient was again K+-dependent, although no net uptake of this cation occurred. The results are discussed in terms of K+ cycling, and it is suggested that delta pH is in part a function of the rate of cycling and independent of the respiratory rate. PMID- 7034733 TI - Enzymology and subcellular localization of aldehyde oxidation in rat liver. Oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde derived from dopamine to 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. PMID- 7034734 TI - Effect of calcium antagonists on potassium conductance in islet cells. PMID- 7034735 TI - Involvement of endogenous epinephrine in histamine-induced hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia in rats treated with islet-activating protein. PMID- 7034736 TI - Clinical trial of penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The medical records of our first 200 consecutive rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with penicillamine were analyzed retrospectively. All but 5 patients (97.5%) had undergone earlier chrysotherapy that resulted in either therapeutic failure or toxicity. Only 57 patients (28.5%) were still receiving penicillamine on January 1, 1981, and the duration of therapy ranged from 23 to 62 months. The dropout rate due to toxicity, therapeutic failure, relapse, or other reasons was very high (71.5%). Toxic effects required permanent discontinuance in 56 patients (28%). Therapy was discontinued for 36 patients (18%) because of no benefit. A striking number (20) had relapse after therapeutic success and while continuing to take penicillamine, and the therapy had to be discontinued, a relapse rate of 10%. Therapy for the remaining 15.5% was discontinued for miscellaneous reasons that were not related to penicillamine per se: patient anxiety (6%), lost to followup (5%), hospitalization for reasons unrelated to penicillamine therapy (2%), lack of cooperation and study protocol (1% each), or pregnancy (0.5%). By our criteria, 142 patients (71%) received benefit (remission or improvement). Therapy results for these patients were as follows: still on penicillamine on January 1, 1981 (28.5%); no longer receiving the drug due to toxicity (19.5%); no longer receiving penicillamine due to relapse while on continuing therapy (10%); no longer receiving penicillamine due to miscellaneous reasons not related to penicillamine therapy (13%). This study shows that penicillamine is a valuable drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but its value in clinical practice is limited by a rather high incidence of both toxicity and relapse during treatment. PMID- 7034737 TI - Asha interviews 1982 president Laura Ann Wilber. PMID- 7034738 TI - Effects of student clinician feedback on the supervisory conference. PMID- 7034739 TI - [Complement system: biological functions]. PMID- 7034740 TI - [Complement system: primary deficiencies]. PMID- 7034741 TI - [Doctor Efren C. Del Pozo, Professor of Physiology]. PMID- 7034742 TI - [Swimming behavior in the rat as a model for the evaluation of brain development]. PMID- 7034743 TI - [Sociological diagnosis in the selection of rehabilitation methods for the uremic patient]. PMID- 7034744 TI - [The cybernetic circuit of the regulation of antibody formation]. AB - The current theory concerning the formation of antibodies is no more sustainable against the recent view on the formation of complex structures, that involves, together with a random variability, also an ordered variability derived from information interactions. This paper aims at showing that the formation of antibodies requires the existence of a complex sensor which can be excited by the presence of antigenic structures of any shape. The stimulation of this sensor originates both a mass type feedback and a form type feedback; the latter consisting in the activation of a conformational genetic variability that turns into a form variability of the immunoglobulinic active site. This site can thus take a form capable to react with the antigen. The reaction with the antigen acts back negatively upon the sensor and causes the permanent acquisition in repertory of the active form for the subsequent disappearance of the form variability in the immunoglobulinic active site. PMID- 7034745 TI - [Chronic HBsAg negative hepatitis in childhood, Stud using the immunofluorescence method]. AB - 13 children with chronic HBsAg negative hepatitis were examined in this work with the I.F. method. Comparison can be made with a previous work on chronic HBsAg positive hepatitis. 8 of these patients were cases of ECP, 1 was a ECA-A and 4 were ECA-B. Research has been done to point out immunoglobulins and immunocomplexes in the liver and serum. On the whole, fluorescence was less both in liver and serum than fluorescence in chronic HBsAg positive hepatitis. Reasons of it can be: the absence of anti-virus B antibodies (HBcAb, delta-Ab, HBsAb), the relative lightness of our cases and, probably, a better answer of HBsAg negative hepatitis than of HBsAg positive one to immunodepressive treatment. PMID- 7034746 TI - Detection of Mycoplasma-infected cells by mixed agglutination. PMID- 7034747 TI - Renal lesions in essential mixed IgG-IgM cryoglobulinemia. Study of 48 cases. AB - 56 renal biopsies in 48 patients affected by essential mixed IgG-IgM cryoglobulinemia have been examined by light microscopy and immunofluorescence. Patients were classified in four groups: 1) minimal lesions (4 patients); 2) pure proliferative mesangial lesions (9 patients); 3) membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (23 patients); 4)proliferative glomerulonephritis with prominent intraluminal thrombi (12 patients). In this last group large intraluminal thrombi intensely fixing anti-IgG and IgM antisera were present; unlike the preceding groups, few deposits on capillary walls were seen. These four groups differed in renal clinical syndrome at presentation: in particular, proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome was the predominant manifestation in group 3, acute nephritic syndrome in group 4. In the latter, reversal of renal failure and regression of lesions could be observed. Various morphological aspects tend to show that in this disease more than one mechanism is operating in producing renal damage, including local trapping of abnormal circulating proteins. PMID- 7034748 TI - [Study of a group of patients with juvenile myocardial infarct, with a 4-year follow-up]. PMID- 7034749 TI - [Tryptophan in the blood in the acute phase of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7034750 TI - [Isolated primary dissecting aneurysm of the common trunk of the left coronary artery]. PMID- 7034751 TI - [Ischemic cardiopathy secondary to thoracic radiotherapy in patients with lymphoma (description of 2 cases and review of literature)]. PMID- 7034752 TI - [Biochemical aspects of involuntary movements (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034753 TI - The story of inhalation anaesthesia. PMID- 7034754 TI - The story of inhalation anaesthesia. Part two. PMID- 7034756 TI - Positive end-expiratory pressure and air embolism in the sitting position. PMID- 7034755 TI - Effect of oral diazepam on lower oesophageal sphincter pressure. AB - The effect of diazepam 10 mg orally was investigated on lower oesophageal sphincter pressure in a random double-blind study of nine healthy volunteers. Barrier pressure decreased to a small but statistically significant extent. The reduction in barrier pressure was not related to the level of drowsiness. PMID- 7034757 TI - Spinal analgesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine: effects of volume of solution. AB - The effects of 0.5% bupivacaine 1.5, 2 and 3 ml in 8% glucose was compared in a double-blind study involving 30 patients undergoing spinal analgesia. The time to the onset of maximum segmental spread of analgesia was approximately 15 min for all three volumes. Cephalad spread of analgesia was related to the volume used: 1.5 ml reached T10, 2 ml T8 and 3 ml T7. The duration of analgesia increased with increasing volume, 3 ml producing analgesia in T8-T12 for 1.5-2 h, and in the lumbar region for 2.5-3 h. Increasing the volume increased the extent of motor blockade and speeded up its onset. Significant decreases in arterial pressure were observed in the 2- and 3-ml groups. The changes in heart rate were moderate and not correlated with the amount of drug. Spinal headache occurred in two patients. PMID- 7034758 TI - Spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine: effects of concentration and volume administered. AB - A double-blind study was carried out using hyperbaric solutions of bupivacaine to compare the effects of varying the concentration of bupivacaine and the volume of solution administered intrathecally. Fifty-seven patients were studied. Ten patients received each volume of each concentration: 0.5% bupivacaine in 8% dextrose, 2 ml, 3 ml or 4 ml and 0.75% bupivacaine in 8% dextrose, 1.3 ml or 2 ml. A further seven patients received 3 ml of the 0.75% solution. Both solutions consistently produced good nerve blockade. With the 0.5% solution, increases in the volume administered had no effect on the spread of sensory loss, whereas with the 0.75% solution, increasing the volume administered resulted in a significantly greater cephalad spread. The use of 3 ml of this solution was abandoned after seven patients had received it because of the excessive spread. With both solutions, increasing the volume produced a longer duration of action. The use of a 0.75% solution of hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia did not appear to confer any advantage over the 0.5% solution. PMID- 7034759 TI - Double blind trial in general practice comparing the efficacy of "Benylin Day and Night" and paracetamol in the treatment of the common cold. PMID- 7034760 TI - A study of the efficacy and tolerability of diclofenac and ibuprofen in osteoarthritis of the hip. PMID- 7034761 TI - Fenclofenac in the treatment of arthritic conditions: a multi-centre study in general practice. PMID- 7034762 TI - Spironolactone and hydroflumethiazide in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7034763 TI - Insulin receptors in human cancer. PMID- 7034764 TI - Intravascular coagulation in mice by the compact-colony-forming active substance (CCFAS) extracted from a strain of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The compact-colony-forming active substance (CCFAS) extracted from a Staphylococcus aureus strain was capable of killing mice only when Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis or Escherichia coli was injected i.v. before the injection of CCFAS. In the mice killed 30 min after treatment with heat-killed Staph. aureus and CCFAS, remarkable congestion of the lung and thrombus-like lesions in the kidney were observed. In the mice killed 6 h after injection with CCFAS and living Staph. aureus congestion and inflammatory-cell filtration were found in the liver, especially within the Glisson's capsule. However, when mice were killed 30 days after treatment with CCFAS and Staph. aureus, fibrin and hyalin thrombi were observed most frequently in the renal glomeruli but also in the liver and lung. PMID- 7034765 TI - Influence of agglutinating antibody in experimental cryptococcal meningitis. AB - A model for chronic Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis in corticosteroid-treated rabbits was used to determine the influence of pre-formed agglutinating antibody to cryptococcal polysaccharide on the progress of this infection. Immunized rabbits developed serum agglutinating antibody with a geometric mean titre of 1:32, but none was detected in cerebrospinal fluid. Prior immunization did not enhance immunity to infection, had no effect on the number of viable cryptococci in cerebrospinal fluid, and did not prevent dissemination outside the central nervous system. Future investigations in this field should focus on cellular rather than humoral defence mechanisms. PMID- 7034766 TI - Bone marrow connective tissue and the haemopoietic microenvironment. PMID- 7034767 TI - Transient dyserythropoiesis in repopulated human bone marrow following transplantation: an ultrastructural study. AB - Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine marrow samples from 15 patients with aplastic anaemia or acute leukaemia who had been treated with bone marrow transplantation. There were 11 allogeneic, three syngeneic and one autologous graft. The purpose was to estimate the frequency, type and extent of dyserythropoietic change. Transient dyserythropoietic features were substantiated in all cases. Nuclear changes were present in 12 cases, iron laden mitochondria (sideroachrestic phenomena) in 10 and cytoplasmic contacts and/or connections between red cell precursors in 10. Dyserythropoiesis was most conspicuous in the majority of cases between 14 and 28 d after transplantation but it may persist for over 100 d. No deficit in red cell production was noted and it is proposed that dyserythropoiesis in this circumstance is a physiological rather than a pathological phenomenon. PMID- 7034768 TI - Immuno-electron microscopic tracing of lactoferrin, a regulator of myelopoiesis, into a subpopulation of human peripheral blood monocytes. AB - Lactoferrin (LF), an iron binding glycoprotein present in the specific granules of mature granulocytes, is capable of suppressing the production of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulatory factors (GM-CSF) by monocytes and macrophages in vitro and rebound myelopoiesis in vivo. By an immuno-electron microscopic technique (peroxidase-antiperoxidase procedure) in combination with a three-step fixation and detergent treatment of mononuclear blood cells pulsed with LF, intracellular localization of LF in a sub-population of human monocytes with a well-preserved subcellular morphology was demonstrated. LF was found in the monocytes after a 30 min pulse with concentrations of LF as low as 10(-14) M. Under the electron microscope, deposits of approximately 110 nm diameter appeared scattered in the area of the endoplasmic reticulum. Large numbers of smaller deposits (20-70 nm) were found in the euchromatin. The heterochromatin and other cytoplasmic organelles were free of LF. These results suggest that the euchromatin might be the functional site for LF inhibition of the production of GM-CSF by a subpopulation of human monocytes. PMID- 7034769 TI - Immuno-histological analysis of bone marrow involvement in lymphoproliferative disorders. AB - Cryostat sections from bone marrow biopsies submerged in gum-sucrose solution and snap-frozen can be stained with various antisera to detect both the membrane and cytoplasmic antigens on normal and malignant populations in their tissue environments. This technique seems to be the method of choice to analyse the degree of BM involvement in cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma where conventional histology provides equivocal results. The uniform expression of only one type of light chain in B lymphoma and the analysis of the T cell infiltrate in T-CLL using monoclonal antibodies is demonstrated. PMID- 7034770 TI - Structural basis of contraction in vitreal fibrous membranes. AB - A combined ultrastructural and immunofluorescent study was conducted on experimentally induced fibrous membranes in the vitreous of adult rabbits. Autochthonous tissue cultured fibroblasts were injected into the mid-vitreous of one eye of each of 25 rabbits. The animals were monitored routinely with an ophthalmoscope and slit-lamp and were killed at various time periods between 5 minutes and 6 months. Appropriate tissue was taken for light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and indirect immunofluorescence. With this model we were able to show that the contractile elements in fibrous membranes are probably modified fibroblasts called myofibroblasts which are most abundant 3 to 6 weeks after injection. This is the time when retinal detachment usually occurs. It is our impression that, as traction membranes develop, there is not so much an increase in the contractile elements of the constituent cells as a rearrangement of the existing cytoplasmic microfilaments into compact highly organised bundles called stress cables. The behaviour and ultrastructural characteristics of intravitreal fibroblasts compare with the action of fibroblasts in the healing of wounds. PMID- 7034771 TI - A comparison between peripheral iridectomy with thermal sclerostomy and trabeculectomy: a controlled study. AB - In 15 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma who required surgery in both eyes because of progressive glaucomatous disease a peripheral iridectomy with thermal sclerostomy was performed in one eye and a trabeculectomy in the other eye, the choice of procedure being determined randomly. In all 15 cases at one year and 13 cases at 5 years after operation the immediate complication rate was higher in patients receiving peripheral iridectomy with thermal sclerostomy. The average final level of intraocular pressure (on no treatment) was 16 mmHg in patients receiving peripheral iridectomy with thermal sclerostomy and 22 mmHg in those in whom a trabeculectomy was performed. The control of disease was the same in both groups, there being an improvement in the visual field in approximately one-third of all cases and stability of the visual field in all other cases except for one. However, twice as many patients after trabeculectomy required additional medical therapy to maintain the intraocular pressure in a range that was considered satisfactory. Stability of intraocular pressure was virtually the same in both groups. The mechanism of control of intraocular pressure in patients receiving peripheral iridectomy with thermal sclerostomy appeared to be gross filtration in all cases, whereas such gross filtration was observed in only 2 eyes in which a trabeculectomy had been performed. PMID- 7034772 TI - Acute anterior uveitis and Klebsiella aerogenes: a casual relationship? AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the hypothesis that episodes of anterior uveitis in patients with the HLA B27 antigen are triggered by the presence of Klebsiella aerogenes in the gastrointestinal tract. Forty patients were examined. While the recovery of klebsiella was greater in B27 positive patients with uveitis, the differences failed to reach statistical significance. The clinical state of patients with Klebsiella aerogenes in their faeces did not differ from that in whom klebsiella could not be recovered. PMID- 7034773 TI - Retinal pigment epithelial detachments in the elderly: a controlled trial of argon laser photocoagulation. AB - A prospective randomised trial of argon laser photocoagulation of retinal pigment epithelial detachments in the elderly is presented. The results based on 18 months' follow-up show that, in terms of visual acuity, photocoagulation is not beneficial as carried out in this study. The morphological outcome of the treated and untreated eyes is discussed. Stricter entry criteria would not have affected the conclusions. Tearing of the pigment epithelium occurred earlier in the treated than in the untreated eyes. PMID- 7034774 TI - Root surface resorption in two cases of rapid maxillary expansion. PMID- 7034775 TI - Altered amidation of pancreatic polypeptide in cultured dog islet tissue. AB - Three forms of immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide (PPI) were detected in extracts of cultured dog pancreatic PP cells: PPI of (1) larger apparent molecular weight than PP, (2) similar apparent molecular weight but different isoelectric point than PP, and (3) identical apparent molecular weight and isoelectric point with PP. Dog pancreatic endocrine cells in culture were labeled biosynthetically with tritiated amino acids, and extracted proteins were fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. A total of 97% of the PPI migrated like PP itself while about 3% of the PPI migrated like proteins up to 7200 molecular weight. PPI migrating like PP was analyzed further by isoelectric focusing and was found to occur in a neutral form like PP and a more acidic form. Peptide mapping of neutral and acidic PPI forms showed that both were like PP with the exception that the C-terminal [3H]tyrosine-containing peptide was a peptide with a net negative charge of 1 arising from a peptide extension of one or a few amino acids. The acidic form of PP was also shown to occur in pancreas extracts. However, neutral PPI was 90% of the total PPI in the pancreas extracts while the converse was true of culture extracts. We conclude that culturing the PP cell affects the efficiency of the process of amidation, that acidic PP could be either biosynthetic precursor or end product, and that the existence of the larger PP form(s) signals (signal) the possible production of yet other peptides by the PP cell. PMID- 7034776 TI - Identification of the cleavage sites resulting from enzymatic inactivation of human antithrombin III by Crotalus adamanteus proteinase II in the the presence and absence of heparin. PMID- 7034777 TI - Steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics of coenzyme A linked aldehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. AB - Coenzyme A linked aldehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli strain B has been purified to a specific activity of 14 units/mg of protein, and initial rate and substrate analogue inhibition experiments have been performed. On the basis of these steady-state measurements, a bi-uni-uni-uni ping-pong mechanism is proposed in which NAD+ binds to the free enzyme followed by acetaldehyde. The product NADH is then released before coenzyme A (CoA) can bind, and acetyl-CoA is the final product released. A pre-steady-state time-dependent activation of the enzyme was observed when assays were initiated with NAD+. This lag phase of the reaction was studied as a function of the NAD+ concentration and found to be first order. Furthermore, the presence of NAD+ was demonstrated to be necessary to maintain the enzyme in the active conformation. Evidence that the enzyme contains two distinct NAD+ binding sites, an activator site and a catalytic site, has been obtained from pre-steady-state experiments with the NAD+ analogues AMP and 3 pyridine-carboxaldehyde adenine dinucleotide. AMP, a potent competitive inhibitor with respect to NAD+ under steady-state conditions, did not affect the rate of enzyme activation during pre-steady-state measurements. The analogue 3-pyridine carboxaldehyde adenine dinucleotide, a potent activator of the aldehyde dehydrogenase, was a poor substrate compared with NAD+. At concentrations of this analogue that fully activated the enzyme, no alternate substrate inhibition was observed with respect to NAD+. A model incorporating two binding sites for NAD+ has been put forward to explain these observations. PMID- 7034778 TI - Characteristics of beta, beta-difluoroalanine and beta, beta, beta trifluoroalanine as suicide substrates for Escherichia coli B alanine racemase. AB - The alanine racemase from Escherichia coli B has been shown to process DL isomers of beta -fluoroalanine as suicide substrates with an identical partitioning ratio for each enantiomer of 820 catalytic eliminations of HF per enzymatic inactivation event [Wang, E., & Walsh, C. T. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 1313], suggesting the aminoacrylate--PLP complex as a common, symmetrical partitioning species. In an attempt to vary the partition ratio, an index of killing efficiency, systematically the beta, beta-difluoroalanine and beta, beta, beta trifluoroalanine isomers have now been evaluated for substrate processing, suicidal inactivation kinetics and partitioning ratio, and stability of inactive, derivatized enzyme forms. Both difluoroalanine isomers show high Km values (116 mM for D, 102 mM for L) in catalytic HF loss to form fluoropyruvate. The Vmax for the D isomer is about 14-fold higher than that for the L isomer. Limiting inactivation rate constants, calculated from kcat and observed partition ratios of 5000 and 2600, respectively, are 2.2 min-1 for D-difluoroalanine and 0.33 min 1 for L-difluoroalanine. For comparison, DL-trifluoroalanine turns over less than 10 times per enzyme molecule inactivated and so is a very efficient suicide substrate. The estimated inactivation rate constant is less than or equal to 1.0 min-1. These data are analyzed in terms of partitioning behavior of the monofluoro- and difluoroaminoacrylate--PLP complexes as partitioning intermediates for turnover or for racemase inactivation. While mono- and trifluoroalanines yield stable inactive species, the difluoroalanine isomers produce labile enzyme derivatives, and regain of catalytic activity is analyzed in terms of the anticipated oxidation state at the beta carbon of the substrate fragment adducted to the enzyme. PMID- 7034779 TI - Two forms of cytochrome b in yeast mitochondria: purification, characterization, and localization in the inner mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 7034780 TI - Liposome disposition in vivo. III. Dose and vesicle-size effects. AB - The effect of lipid dose (4,3-512.8 mumol total lipid/kg body weight), administered intravenously as liposomes encapsulating radioactive inulin, upon the ability of mouse organs to bind and/or take-up the radioactive label has been studied in vivo. Three different liposome diameters were investigated: 0.46 micrometers (L), 0.16 micrometers (M) and 0.058 micrometers(S). All liposomes were negatively charged with lipid composition of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidic acid/cholesterol/alpha-tocopherol in the molar ration 4 : 1 : 5 : 0.1 or 4 : 1 : 1 : 0.05. Overall radioactive label disposition after 2 h was consistent with localization predominantly in the reticuloendothelial system. A saturation of liver with increasing lipid dose was demonstrated for all three sizes, together with a corresponding increase in blood levels. Spleen radioactivity increased with increasing dose of L- and M liposomes, but decreased for increasing doses of S-liposomes. Levels in residual carcass exhibited no trend. It was noted that by adjusting liposomal lipid dose and vesicle diameter the percentage of administered dose present in blood could be varied 733-fold, that in spleen 9-fold, liver 4-fold. Stability in vivo was ranked L greater than M greater than S-liposomes. Correction for differences of in vivo stability reduced the differences in organ accumulation between the three liposome sizes. The organ accumulation pattern suggested a dose- and diameter dependent mechanism for liposome disposition. It was expected that when doses of fixed liposome composition were expressed as number of liposomes or their total surface area, organ saturation patterns would be similar. However, re-plotting the percent dose values for liver and spleen versus the number of liposomes administered revealed a saturation pattern for L-, M- and S-liposomes which was different in each case. Plotting the data versus the total surface area of the dose revealed a similar disposition pattern for L-, M- and S-liposomes in liver and L- and M-liposomes in spleen. The data indicate that in addition to composition, the lipid dose, total liposomal surface area and effective mean diameter are important pharmacokinetic variables. Further, the optimization of the therapeutic index of an encapsulated agent or target-tissue delivery via liposomes will require consideration of both the surface area and diameter of the liposome doses together with liposome composition. PMID- 7034781 TI - Studies on the primary structures of the exocellular D-alanyl-D-alanine peptidases of Streptomyces strain R61 and Actinomadura strain R39. AB - The Mr 37 000 D-alanyl-D-alanine peptidase excreted by Streptomyces R61 and the Mr 53 000 D-alanyl-D-alanine peptidase excreted by Actinomadura R39 are both characterized by a very uneven distribution of the basic (Arg + Lys) amino acid residues. Trypsin degradation of the heat-denatured enzymes generates (1) thirteen soluble peptides which contain from 2 to 28 residues in the case of the R61 enzyme and nineteen soluble peptides which contain 2 to 39 residues in the case of the R39 enzyme; and (2) three large segments or core peptides which, irrespective of the enzymes from which they originate, consist of 50-60, 70-80 and 110-120 residues. About 90% of the basic (Arg + Lys) amino acid residues are recovered in the soluble tryptic peptides. The core peptides represent 62% (Mr approximately 23 000) and 45% (Mr approximately 24 000) of the untreated R61 and R39 enzymes, respectively. One 28-residue soluble peptide isolated from the R61 enzyme represents the N-terminal portion of the protein whose sequence has been established. The penicillin attachment site of the R61 enzyme has been located in one of the core peptides. For the R39 enzyme, indirect evidence shows that the penicillin binding site is probably within one of the soluble peptides. PMID- 7034782 TI - Initial sites of insulin cleavage and stereospecificity of carboxyl proteinases from Aspergillus sojae and Pycnoporus coccineus. AB - Initial cleavage sites of native insulin at a pH of about 3 and stereospecificity were investigated by fungal carboxyl proteinases (EC 3.4.23.6) from ASpergillus sojae, a species of fungi imperfecti, and Pycnoporus coccineus (formerly designated Trametes sanguinea), a wood deteriorating Basidiomycete, respectively. Fungal carboxyl proteinases were used as a model of vertebrate insulin degradation. A. sojae carboxyl proteinase I primarily hydrolyzed two peptide bonds located on the surface of native insulin monomer, the B16-B17 (Tyr-Leu) and B24-B25 (Phe-Phe) bonds, and secondarily the buried bonds, A15-A16 (Gln-Leu), B15 B16 (Leu-Tyr) and B14-B15 (ala-Leu), at pH 3.2 and 30 degree C. The initial cleavage sites of A. sojae carboxyl proteinases I towards native insulin were not identical with the initial cleavage sites towards the oxidized B chain of insulin. P. coccineus carboxyl proteinase Ia selectively hydrolyzed B14-B15 (Ala Leu), B16-B17 (Tyr-Leu) and B24-B25 (Phe-Phe) bonds in the native insulin at pH 2.7. Based on these findings we suggest that the stereospecificity of the fungal carboxyl proteinases is similar to that of cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5), and that the synthesis and degradation of insulin may occur in microorganisms. PMID- 7034783 TI - AMP deaminase isozymes in human tissues. AB - In human, there are four AMP deaminase (AMP aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.6) isozymes: E1, E2, M and L. Chromatographic, electrophoretic and immunological studies showed the existence of isozymes E1 and E2 in erythrocytes, isozyme M in muscle and isozyme L in liver and brain. The tissues such as heart, kidney and spleen contained isozymes E1, E2 and L. Isozymes E1, M and L were isolated as apparently homogeneous preparations. The three isozymes were all tetramers composed of identical subunits, but differing slightly in molecular weight; isozyme E1 showed a subunit molecular weight of 80,000, isozyme M 72,000 and isozyme L 68,000. They were immunologically different from one another. The antisera precipitated only the corresponding enzyme and did not precipitate any other isozyme. The three isozymes were also different in kinetic and regulatory properties. Isozyme E2 was very similar to isozyme E1 in immunological an kinetic properties, although isozyme E2 could be separated from isozyme E1 by phosphocellulose chromatography, and zonal electrophoresis. PMID- 7034784 TI - Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in rat kidney cortex stimulated by oestradiol. AB - Sex differences in alcohol dehydrogenase activity, determined by the influence of oestrogen hormones, were found to exist in the rat kidney. Oestradiol, but neither testosterone nor progesterone, was shown to be a powerful stimulator of kidney alcohol dehydrogenase activity in rats, maximally 6- to 8-times over control values. The Michaelis-Menten constant for acetaldehyde of both non stimulated and oestradiol-stimulated kidney alcohol dehydrogenases was found to be similar, 6.7 x 10(-5) M and 7.8 x 10(-5) M, respectively. Actinomycin D was shown to have an additive effect (superinduction) on the oestradiol-induced increase in kidney enzyme activity. The findings suggest the possibility of the higher contribution of kidneys in ethanol intake and ethanol hepatic disease. PMID- 7034785 TI - Specific inactivation of glucose metabolism from eucaryotic cells by pentalenolactone. AB - Pentalenolactone, an antibiotic related to the class of the sesquiterpene lactones and produced by the strain Streptomyces arenae Tu-469, inhibits specifically the glucose metabolism by inactivation of the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate: NAD oxidoreductase (phosphorylating) ED 1.2.1.1.2). The sensitivity of several eucaryotic cell systems for pentalenolactone was shown under in vivo conditions. The glycolytic as well as the gluconeogenetic pathway of mammalian cells can be completely inhibited with low concentrations of the antibiotic. In all cases, the minimum inhibitory concentration is dependent on cell density. The inhibitory effect in vivo and in vitro does not seem to be species-specific. In erythrocytes from rats, in Ehrlich-ascites tumor cells and in Plasmodium vinckei infected erythrocytes from mice glycolysis can be inhibited with concentrations of 18--90 micrometers pentalenolactone. In hepatocytes, glycolysis as well as gluconeogenesis in prevented by the same concentrations. In contrast to these results, in yeast the inhibition depends on growth conditions. The inhibition in glucose medium is cancelled by precultivation on acetate-containing medium. PMID- 7034786 TI - Biofeedback efficacy studies: a critique of critiques. AB - Biofeedback, a field still in its infancy, has developed treatments that have been used with clinical success in the treatment of a number of disorders. Many have expressed their public concern that biofeedback had not lived up to its early promise and that it has not developed treatments that are, in fact, efficacious. A number of factors, which are inherent in biofeedback research, confound the results of clinical efficacy studies of biofeedback treatments. Researchers interested in the efficacy of biofeedback must address several issue: (1) Rejecting the null hypothesis is not equal to proving the null hypothesis (without the use of power analysis); (2) control for nonspecific effects is not equal to a double-blind experimental design; (3) ignorance of a mechanism of action is not equal to a lack of clinical efficacy; (4) the administration of training is not equal to the subject's learning to criterion; (5) untrained therapists are not equal to trained therapists; (6) statistical significance is not equal to clinical significance; and (7) the laboratory setting is not equal to the clinical setting. PMID- 7034787 TI - A preliminary investigation on time perception and autonomic self-regulation. AB - This study sought to examine how perception of time duration was affected by two autonomic self-regulation treatment procedures: a biofeedback/self-regulation treatment program and a relaxation response treatment program. Time experience was assessed in two ways: time interval estimation during an actual treatment session (N = 5, in each of the two groups) and subjective reporting (all 10 subjects in each group were evaluated). During an actual relaxation/self regulation session, patients overestimated time duration and, retrospectively, patients in the group that learned to reduce blood pressure experienced time as slowing, whereas participants in the other treatment program experienced time a passing "normally" during the treatment sessions. All subjects reported that they usually experienced time as passing "normally" or corresponding to clock time. These results raise the question as to whether the experience of temporal slowing may be an important component of the psychological experience of the patients that allows autonomic learning to occur. Further research in this area is recommended and briefly discussed. PMID- 7034788 TI - Psychophysiological investigations on transcendental meditation. AB - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the psychophysiological changes reported to occur during the practice of transcendental meditation. In Experiment I, 47 volunteers solicited from the community were randomly assigned to transcendental meditation (TM), Benson's relaxation response (BRR), or no treatment (NT) instruction. Respiration rate, heart rate, electromyogram, electroencephalogram, and skin conductance level were recorded during the practice of each technique, approximately 1 week after terminating instruction. The results indicate that while BRR, TM, and NT exhibited different physiological patterns, none of the techniques showed a clear superiority in reducing tonic physiological arousal. In Experiment II, 30 volunteers with previous experience were assigned to one of the three groups based on their meditating experience (range 16-96 months). The same physiological signals as in Experiment I were also recorded in this experiment during TM practice. The results suggest that individuals with 1.5 years of meditation experience exhibited physiological arousal levels similar to those seen in persons with over 5 years' experience. PMID- 7034789 TI - The effect of biofeedback-assisted relaxation training on blood pressure and selected biochemical parameters in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The effect of EMG biofeedback-assisted relaxation on blood pressure and selected biochemical parameters was evaluated in 38 patients with essential hypertension. Training consisted of 8 weeks of biofeedback and home practice of relaxation exercises. Mean blood pressure decreased in the experimental group from 144/90 to 133/84 mm Hg while the control group remained unchanged. Statistically significant decreases in the experimental group also occurred in muscle tension levels, in plasma aldosterone, and in urinary cortisol. Both aldosterone and cortisol are secreted by the adrenal cortex. It was concluded that the technique taught to the experimental group produced a reduction in skeletal muscle tension and a decrease in stress responding mediated by the adrenal cortex. PMID- 7034790 TI - Biofeedback techniques in the treatment of visual and ophthalmologic disorders: a review of the literature. AB - The literature on the use of biofeedback techniques in the treatment of visual and ophthalmologic disorders is reviewed. Although this consists mainly of case studies, there is mounting evidence that biofeedback may be applicable to the treatment of strabismus, nystagmus, blepharospasm, elevated intraocular pressure, and myopia. because of the success in applying biofeedback techniques in the treatment of other neuromuscular disorders, it is concluded that the use of these techniques in the treatment of blepharospasm and strabismus shows the most promise. PMID- 7034791 TI - The effect of explicit expectations on initial meditation experiences. AB - Although meditation has been employed successfully as a treatment for various stress-related disorders, there is still little evidence clarifying just which aspects of meditation training are responsible for these therapeutic effects. This experiment sought to test the hypothesis that creating two opposite expectations about an initial meditation experience would result in differing physiological and phenomenological responses, even though the same technique was practiced by all subjects. The results of the experiment failed to support this hypothesis. PMID- 7034792 TI - Hypnotizability and response to EMG relaxation training. AB - This study examines the relationship between Spiegel's Hypnotic Induction profile (HIP) and ability to perform EMG relaxation under conditions of self-induced and audio-assisted biofeedback training. One hundred women volunteered for screening with Spiegel's test for hypnotizability. Thirty students were then selected from the top, middle, and bottom of the HIP scoring distribution for EMG biofeedback training in relaxation. Three treatment trials included baseline, EMG biofeedback with self-induced relaxation, and EMG biofeedback with audio relaxation instructions. Contrary to predictions, high HIPs were not significantly different from low HIPs on any of the treatment measures, although all students showed a training effect. The middle HIPs demonstrated significantly higher levels of EMG activity than the extreme groups. PMID- 7034793 TI - Effectiveness of multiple muscle-site EMG biofeedback and relaxation training in reducing the aversiveness of cancer chemotherapy. AB - A 44-year-old female cancer patient was given progressive muscle relaxation training and multiple muscle-site EMG biofeedback to reduce the conditioned negative responses she had apparently developed to her chemotherapy treatments. Following three baseline chemotherapy sessions, the patient was given relaxation training and biofeedback during four consecutive chemotherapy treatments and was asked to practice her relaxation skills daily in the hospital or at home. After the patient felt able to relax on her own, relaxation training and biofeedback were terminated and three follow-up sessions were held. Results indicated that during the chemotherapy sessions in which the patient received relaxation training and biofeedback, she showed reductions in physiological arousal (EMG, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure) and reported feeling less anxious and nauseated. Moreover, these changes were maintained during the follow-up sessions. These results suggest that relaxation training plus multiple muscle-site biofeedback may be an effective adjunctive procedure for reducing some of the adverse side effects of cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7034794 TI - The relationship between muscle discrimination ability and response to relaxation training in three kinds of headaches. AB - Accurate discrimination of changes in physiological response has been noted as an important element in learning to control that response. Using a magnitude production procedure involving forearm isometric contractions, it was found that the ability to discriminate muscle tension varied across headache groups, with the no-headache control group (r = .76) being most accurate, followed by the tension group (r = .68), the mixed tension and migraine group (r = .60), and finally the migraine group (r = .51). The most important result, however, was that muscle discrimination ability significantly predicted clinical outcome from treatment by relaxation training for tension headache subjects (r = .50) but did not predict outcome for migraine or mixed headache subjects. PMID- 7034795 TI - Applications of biofeedback to the treatment of asthma: a critical review. AB - Both muscular and respiratory biofeedback procedures have been employed in attempts to reduce symptoms of bronchial asthma. Research relating to these approaches is reviewed in the present article. Biofeedback training both for facial muscle relaxation and for respiratory resistance decrease improves short term pulmonary function in asthmatic individuals. These forms of training represent promising avenues for the management of asthma. However, unqualified endorsement of these procedures is premature, at the present time, since their influence on asthma-related variables other than pulmonary function has not been determined and since their long-term effects have not been investigated. PMID- 7034796 TI - Temporal relationship between the development of the self-priming effect of LHRH and changes in serum concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione during the sexual maturation of the male rat. PMID- 7034797 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of androgen binding protein in rat Sertoli and epididymal cells. PMID- 7034798 TI - Present and future applications of biomaterials in controlled drug delivery systems. PMID- 7034799 TI - Formation of crystalline arrays of chlorophyll a/b - light-harvesting protein by membrane reconstitution. AB - The structure of the major protein constituent of photosynthetic membranes in higher plants, the chlorophyll a/b-light harvesting complex (LHC), was studied by x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The LHC was purified from Triton X-100 solubilized thylakoid membranes of the pea, and contained 6 mol of chlorophylls a and b per mole of a polypeptide of 27,000 molecular weight. X-ray diffraction showed that in the presence of 10 mM MgCl2, purified LHC forms planar aggregates that stack with a period of 51 A. Within each layer, LHC molecules pack with a center-to-center distance of 85 A but without long-range order. However, when LHC is incorporated into single-walled vesicles of plant lecithin, the addition of NaCl above 10 mM, or MgCl2 above 2 mM, led to the formation of plaques of hexagonal lattices, with a lattice constant of 125 A. The large domain size and high degree of order in the plane of the membrane are evident from the sharp lattice lines observed to 7 A resolution on the equator of the x-ray pattern. Freeze-fracture electron micrographs demonstrated an aligned stacking of the lattices in adjacent membranes, resulting in crystallinity in the third dimension over short distances. Micrographs of negatively stained membranes revealed a hexagonal lattice of the same lattice constant, formed by surface-exposed parts of the LHC molecules which are probably responsible for the ordered stacking of lattices. In both the LHC aggregates and in the reconstituted membrane lattices the diffracted x-ray intensities at 10-A spacing on the equator indicate that the LHC molecule contains paralled alpha-helices or beta-sheets that are oriented perpendicular to the planar arrays. PMID- 7034800 TI - Dependence of laser light scattering of DNA on NaCl concentration. PMID- 7034802 TI - Perspectives in biorheology. Festschrift for A.L. Copley. PMID- 7034801 TI - Application of a gas chromatography mass spectrometry computer system for clinical diagnosis. AB - Currently, one of the major clinical problems is diagnosis of inherited metabolic disorders in neonates which are caused by a defect of specific enzymes. In order to diagnose such diseases at an earlier stage, we have developed a new mass screening method, consisting of a gas chromatography mass spectrometry computer system with a newly developed 'Diagnosis Computer Program'. In this program, the chromatographic pattern of the urine of a patient with an inherited metabolic disorder is compared with that of a normal person. Internal standards are applied to simplify the comparison. The total ion current chromatogram is drawn with the relative retention times plotted on the horizontal axis and the relative intensities on the vertical axis. Diseases are diagnosed by characteristics and quantity of abnormal compounds in the urine. Reference to the stored mass spectra of abnormal compounds by a library search enables the diagnosis to be more precise. Using this program, twenty-six inherited metabolic disorders are routinely diagnosed. The diagnosis of tyrosinosis is used here as an example. PMID- 7034803 TI - Capillary flow: history, experiments and theory. PMID- 7034804 TI - A.L. Copley: curriculum vitae and publications. PMID- 7034805 TI - [State of the small intestine in rabbits with salmonella infections]. AB - The paper is concerned with the results of morphological and biochemical studies of the duodenum and ileum in young rabbits with salmonellosis. It was shown that all the parts of the small intestine were involved into the pathological process. Enzymopathy developed in the presence of acute catarrhal inflammation and erosive enteritis accompanied by ulceration of necrotized lymph follicles of Peyer's patches of the small intestine. The activity of maltase and alkaline phosphatase was found to be most vulnerable. Of crucial significance in the development of diarrhea in experimental young rabbits were pronounced morphological alterations and derangement of enzyme-forming function in the small intestine. PMID- 7034806 TI - [Structure of the human spleen and immunomorphologic indices of its lymphocytes during embryogenesis]. AB - The authors studied the development and differentiation of spleen lymphocytes and tissues from 100 human embryos aged 5-34 weeks. T-/E-RFC) and B lymphocytes (IgG plus G cells) were identified by histochemical and immunomorphological methods. The weight and quantitative values of the spleen and lymphocytes are presented. The development of the spleen consists of three periods: 1) an early one (5-8 weeks) when the organ is characterized by a compact arrangement of the mesenchymal cells; 2) 9-11 weeks, when blood deposition function prevails; 3) appearance of lymphopoiesis after 13-14 weeks. Heterogenicity of spleen lymphocytes and the time course of the quantitative changes during embryogenesis are reported. It is concluded that the humans spleen presents a polyfunctional organ even in the embryonal period. PMID- 7034807 TI - [Myofibroblasts in a myocardial infarct zone]. AB - Electron microscopy and immunomorphological studies were made to explore the scar 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 30, 45, 60 and 120 days after myocardial infarction in white rats. After 3-5 days there was a poor response to smooth muscle myosin in some of elongate cells of the postinfarction scar. The response was found to be remarkably enhanced after 11 days. Myofibroblasts with an ultrastructure characteristic of activated fibroblasts were found in the scar by using electron microscopy after 3-5 days of the experiment. They also exhibited some properties typical of the smooth cell ultrastructure, containing myofilament bundles with dense bodies along the cytoplasm periphery, as well as the fragments of the basal membrance. In the later periods of the experiment, myofibroblasts were more closely related to smooth muscle cells in ultrastructure. The origin and function of myofibroblasts in the postinfarction scar are discussed. PMID- 7034808 TI - [Reactive changes in autonomic synapses during frequency electric stimulation]. AB - Reactive modifications of synapses of isolated intratrunkal vegetative neurones induced by high frequency orthodromal electric stimulation have been examined by vital phase-contrast microscopy, electron microscopy, vital staining with methylene blue in conjunction with concurrent electrophysiological control Flocculent aggregation of the synaptoplasma and vesicles has been discovered, which is associated with higher adhesiveness of modified proteins. There have been also discovered matrix translucence and rounding of the living synaptic buds, which is accounted for by segregation of the hydration fraction of the neuroplasma. The decrease in the number of light synaptic vesicles is accompanied by the appearance of osmiophilic, myelin-like bodies, dense-core vesicles and glycogen-like granules. An attempt has been made to validate the process in terms of the colloid-chemical conception. PMID- 7034809 TI - Immunologic classification of lymphocytic leukemias based on monoclonal antibody defined cell surface antigens. AB - A panel of monoclonal antibodies reactive with normal lymphocyte subsets was used to classify cases of lymphocytic leukemia on the basis of cell surface antigen expression. The antibodies employed were commercially available and included a common framework HLA-DR antibody, two pan-T antibodies (Leu-1 and OKT-3), and antibodies defining cytotoxic/suppressor (Leu-2 and OKT-8) and helper/inducer (Leu-3 and OKT-4) subpopulations of normal T lymphocytes. Cases of ALL could be subgrouped into non-T non-B, pre-T and T-ALL on the basis of reactivity with HLA DR, Leu-1, and OKT-3 antibodies. Leukemic cells from patients with T-cell CLL could be divided into Leu-2/OKT-8 reactive and Leu-3/OKT-4 reactive subpopulations, as well as a subgroup in which the majority of cells were unreactive with either of these antibodies. With the exception of one individual, all Sezary cell leukemias expressed a phenotypic pattern similar to that of the Leu-3 subgroup of T-CLL. Malignancies of B-cell lineage (B-CLL, prolymphocytic leukemia, and lymphosarcoma) that were examined were reactive with both the HLA DR and Leu-1 antibodies. On the contrary, normal B lymphocytes and lymphoid cell lines of B-cell origin did not express surface antigens recognized by the Leu-1 antibody. PMID- 7034810 TI - In situ immunologic characterization of cellular constituents in lymph nodes and spleens involved by Hodgkin's disease. AB - The cellular constituents in lymph nodes and spleens of patients with Hodgkin's disease were studied with a series of monoclonal antibodies directed against human thymocyte, peripheral T-cell, and la antigens. Utilizing both an immunoperoxidase technique on frozen tissue sections and indirect immunofluorescence on cell suspensions, wer found that a majority of lymphocytes were T cells, since they stained with anti-T1 and anti-T3 antibodies, which react with all peripheral T cells. In addition, most of these cells were reactive with anti-T4 antibody, which defines the helper/inducer T-cell population, whereas only a minority of cells stained with anti-T5 and anti-T8 antibodies, which are reactive with suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. Moreover, a large proportion of T cells expressed T10 antigen, which is found on activated T cells. A minority of the T cells also expressed la antigen(s), again suggesting that some of the T cells are activated. In contrast, the Reed-sternberg cells did not react with any of these anti-T-cell antibodies or with anti-IgM antiserum, but displayed strong membrane and cytoplasmic staining with anti-la antibody. Taken together, these findings suggest that Reed-Sternberg cells are not of T-cell lineage but may be derived from antigen-presenting reticulum cells in the thymus-dependent areas of lymphoid tissues; these cells are normally associated with T4+ cells. PMID- 7034811 TI - Marrow transplantation with or without donor buffy coat cells for 65 transfused aplastic anemia patients. AB - Sixty-five multiply transfused patients with severe aplastic anemia were given cyclophosphamide followed by grafts anemia were given cyclophosphamide followed by grafts from HLA-identical siblings. The effect of the administration of viable donor buffy coat cells following the marrow inoculum was evaluated with regard to graft rejection and survival. Results in 43 patients so treated are presented along with those in 22 concurrent patients given marrow alone. Most patients given buffy coat had positive in vitro tests of sensitization indicating a high risk for graft rejection, while all but one of the patients given marrow alone had negative tests. Thirty of the 43 (70%) patients given marrow and buffy coat are alive between 10 and 61 mo (median 36) after grafting; 4 died after graft rejection and 6 with acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Eleven of the 22 (50%) patients given marrow alone are alive between 29 and 65 mo (median 52); 7 died after graft rejection and 3 with GVHD. The addition of buffy coat cell infusions to the marrow inoculum reduced the risk of rejection and increased survival in the currently reported transfused patients when compared to patients grafted before 1976. However, there was an increased risk of chronic GVHD. Recipients of marrow from female donors survived slightly better (73%) than recipients of male marrow (58%). PMID- 7034812 TI - Histologic progression in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 7034813 TI - Increase in the number of lymphocytes secreting IgG following blood transfusion. AB - A sequential change in the number of circulating immunoglobulin (Ig) secreting cells of each Ig class following blood transfusion was studied using a reverse hemolytic plaque assay. The subjects studied were in two main groups, immunologically normal individuals and patients with malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma who are, presumably, immune incompetent. A consistent increase in circulating IgG-secreting cells, along with either an earlier or simultaneous increase in IgM-secreting cells, was observed following blood transfusion in the immunologically normal individuals. An increase in IgA-secreting cells was also observed, but at a minimal magnitude. Such an increase was not apparent in patients with lymphoma or myeloma. The possible use of blood transfusion as a means of "challenging and checking" for the state of immune responsiveness in vivo is discussed. PMID- 7034814 TI - Malignant lymphoma of small cleaved lymphocytes of the follicular mantle zone. AB - We describe a highly unusual lymphocytic lymphoma. It appeared to originate in the mantle zones of hyperplastic follicles that had large reactive centers. The tumor cells in the mantle zone were small lymphocytes with cleaved or very irregular nuclei. They had coarse and abundant IgM, kappa surface immunoglobulin markers, and receptors for complement. The tumor involvement was generalized at the time of discovery. The diagnosis of a malignant lymphoma was initially made with difficulty because of the presence of reactive follicular centers as well as a polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and large numbers of interfollicular plasma cells and plasmacytoid lymphocytes containing all classes of immunoglobulin. However, 2 yr later, the follicular centers were replaced by tumor nodules composed of lymphocytes identical in appearance and immunologic type to those seen originally. This case illustrates that not all nodular lymphomas are follicular center cell (FCC) neoplasms and that morphological transformation from small round to small cleaved lymphocytes and a corresponding increase in surface immunoglobulins may take place in the follicular mantle zone. The patient had a high titer of antibody to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and a poor lymphocyte response to concanavalin A, but neither the tumor cells nor the plasmacytoid lymphocytes contained EBV DNA. PMID- 7034815 TI - Moderate dose methotrexate, vincristine, asparaginase, and dexamethasone for treatment of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Thirty-eight adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 24 previously untreated and 14 previously treated, were entered into a study in which sequential, moderate-dose methotrexate and asparaginase were added to vincristine and dexamethasone (MOAD) for remission induction therapy. Eighteen of 24 previously untreated patients (75%) and 11 of 4 previously treated patients (79%) achieved a complete remission (CR). Once in CR, patients were given remission continuation therapy, which included intravenous high-dose methotrexate that was used without prophylactic cranial irradiation and without intrathecal methotrexate because of its potential activity alone as prophylaxis against central nervous system (CNS) leukemia. The median duration of CR was 11.1 mo (range 0.7-55.9+) and median survival 17.0 mo (range 0.4-55.9+) for the 24 previously untreated patients. The median duration of CR was 7.5 mo (range 1.9 55.3+) for the 14 previously treated patients. Only 2 of 24 previously untreated patients (8.3%) developed CNS leukemia at 3.3 and 42.7 mo from start of MOAD. None of the previously treated patients developed CNS leukemia as the initial site of relapse. MOAD is useful as induction therapy for previously untreated adults with ALL, as well as for previously treated patients, and is superior to other regimens that we have used for the treatment of adult ALL. PMID- 7034816 TI - Erythropoiesis and lymphopoiesis in the chick yolk-sac-embryo chimeras: contribution of yolk sac and intraembryonic stem cells. AB - Lymphocyte development and ontogenetic changes in erythroid cells have been studied in chick-chick yolk-sac-embryo chimeras differing at the B locus antigens. Erythroid cells derived from the yolk sac or from the intraembryonic mesenchyme were demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence in the peripheral blood of these allogenic chimeras. At 7 days of incubation, yolk-sac-derived red cells represent a majority in the peripheral blood. From 9 days of incubation onwards, embryo-derived erythrocytes appear in increasing proportions, making up approximately 90% of the peripheral blood cells at 17-18 days of development. After hatching, no yolk-sac-derived erythrocytes are found in the peripheral blood. Such a change from the yolk-sac-derived cells into embryo-derived cells was not observed in the lymphocytes, as analyzed using specific anti-B and anti la antisera for detection of thymus and bursa cells, respectively. Ia-like antigens were detected on bursa cells using a triple layer immunofluorescence system. These results obtained from the allogeneic chimeras indicate that the early chicken yolk sac produces only transiently erythroid stem cells, while intraembryonic stem cells are involved in the production of definitive erythrocytes as well as of lymphocytes, both of T and B cells. PMID- 7034817 TI - The coagulant-active phospholipid content is a major determinant of in vivo thrombogenicity of prothrombin complex (Factor IX) concentrates in rabbits. AB - In vitro evaluation of prothrombin complex concentrates in a thrombin generation assay, using DAPA and purified components of the prothrombinase complex, demonstrated significant levels of coagulant-active "phospholipid replacing" activity. Quantification of this activity showed a significant correlation (r = 0.8747, p less than 0.01) with thrombogenicity measured in vivo in a stasis model in rabbits. Extracted lipid material retained full phospholipid replacing activity in the vitro assay. Thin-layer chromatographic characterization confirmed the presence of phospholipids with known coagulant activity in vitro. In vivo, the extracted material was nonthrombogenic but augmented the thrombogenicity of purified factor Xa. Substitution of a synthetic coagulant active phospholipid (phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylserine lipid vesicles) for the extracted phospholipid produced a similar augmentation of a factor-Xa-induced thrombogenicity in vivo. It is concluded that the coagulant-active phospholipid content of prothrombin complex concentrates is a major determinant of thrombogenicity but requires the presence of activated clotting factors for its expression in vivo. PMID- 7034818 TI - The presence of monoclonal cytoplasmic immunoglobulins in leukemic B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - It has generally been assumed that CLL B cells do not contain cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Cylg), although these cells express surface membrane immunoglobulin (Smlg). The present study, in which Smlg and Cylg determinations were performed simultaneously using leukemia B cells from 20 patients with CLL, demonstrates that Cylg staining was detectable in each CLL cell population examined and that the intensity of cytoplasmic immunofluorescent staining in each instance was moderate to strong. Both Smlg and Cylg light chain determinations indicated monoclonality in all 20 cases. The heavy chain class of Smlg and Cylg in each CLL cell population was not uniformly comparable, however. The majority (15 cases) of CLL B cells contained mu heavy chain Cylg and mu and delta heavy chain Cylg was demonstrated in the remaining 6 cases. In contrast, the Smlg phenotypes appeared heterogeneous with both gamma and alpha chain determinants found associated with mu or mu and delta chains on the same leukemia cell populations. This apparent polyclonal Smlg staining pattern was most likely due to nonspecific adsorption of the patient's own serum Ig by Fc receptors on CLL B cells. It is concluded that the great majority of CLL B cells contain detectable Cylg and that Cylg determination is superior to Smlg phenotyping in documenting the monoclonality of CLL. PMID- 7034819 TI - The nature of cerebral vasospasm. AB - The article comprises mainly the personal views of the author on the following aspects of cerebral vasospasm: the definition of vasospasm; historical physiological concepts of cerebral bloodflow regulation; relation of spasm development in cerebral arteries to their functional behavior during regulation of cerebral blood flow; the essence of vasospasm from the standpoint of smooth muscle physiology; physiological stimuli involved in its development; the disturbances in plasmatic membrane function and intracellular processes of smooth muscles inducing vasospasm; systems approach to development which may assist in systematization of data and in efficiency and direction of further research. PMID- 7034820 TI - [List of members]. PMID- 7034821 TI - Biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes in lung. PMID- 7034822 TI - Prostacyclin and prostaglandin biosynthesis in human pulmonary endothelial cells. PMID- 7034823 TI - Biosynthesis and metabolism of pulmonary prostaglandins, thromboxanes and prostacyclin. PMID- 7034824 TI - Prostacyclin and the vascular endothelium. PMID- 7034825 TI - Effects of prostaglandins and related compounds on lung vascular permeability. PMID- 7034826 TI - Role of the metabolites of arachidonate in platelet-dependent and independent experimental bronchoconstriction. PMID- 7034827 TI - The effect of enamel acid etching on the lining of dentin. PMID- 7034828 TI - [List of members of the International Group for Scientific Research in Stomatology and Odontology (9 November 1981)]. PMID- 7034829 TI - The lymphatic contiguity of Hodgkin's disease: a historical study. PMID- 7034830 TI - The founding of pediatric neurology in America. PMID- 7034831 TI - Field trial of permethrin for the control of Triatoma infestans. PMID- 7034832 TI - Educational planning in health care. PMID- 7034833 TI - Septicaemia in the elderly. PMID- 7034834 TI - Endangered species. PMID- 7034835 TI - Fitness to plead. PMID- 7034836 TI - Research methods, especially in psychiatry. PMID- 7034837 TI - Effects of organic solvents. PMID- 7034838 TI - The present status of electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 7034839 TI - Neuroendocrine mechanisms and the aetiology of male and female homosexuality. AB - Theories on the classification and aetiology of male homosexuality are reviewed, particularly recent hypotheses on the role of prenatal hormonal influences on brain sexual differentiation and subsequent sexual object choice in the male. Female as well as male brain sexual differentiation may be hormonally determined, and so primary homosexuality in both sexes may be due to abnormalities in foetal exposure to hormones, leading first to physical mis-differentiation and later to homosexual behaviour in genetically and phenotypically normal men and women. PMID- 7034840 TI - A randomized blind trial of Iopamidol and meglumine calcium metrizoate (Triosil 280, Isopaque Cerebral) in cerebral angiography. AB - A randomized blind trial of iopamidol and meglumine calcium metrizoate (Triosil 280, Isopaque Cerebral) for cerebral angiography was performed in 20 patients. The Iopamidol was better tolerated and caused significantly less discomfort in patients than metrizoate. There was no difference in the quality of the radiographs. A further 13 patients also received Iopamidol for cerebral angiography with similar results. No adverse effects were observed in any of the patients. Our evidence suggests that Iopamidol has significant advantages over currently available contrast media for cerebral angiography. PMID- 7034841 TI - Chest radiology-guesswork or science? PMID- 7034842 TI - Control of cell reproduction. PMID- 7034843 TI - Cellular basis of skeletal growth during development. PMID- 7034844 TI - Growth and its control in early mammalian development. PMID- 7034845 TI - Regeneration and compensatory growth. PMID- 7034846 TI - Catch-up growth in man. PMID- 7034847 TI - Genetics of growth. PMID- 7034848 TI - Mathematical modelling of individual growth curves. PMID- 7034849 TI - Ultrasound assessment of fetal growth patterns. PMID- 7034850 TI - Factors related to birth weight and perinatal mortality. PMID- 7034851 TI - Genetic and environmental factors in the control of growth in childhood. PMID- 7034852 TI - Geographical and ethnic variations in human growth. PMID- 7034853 TI - Endocrinological control of growth at puberty. PMID- 7034854 TI - Adipose tissue cellularity in childhood in relation to the development of obesity. PMID- 7034855 TI - Dysmorphology and short stature. PMID- 7034856 TI - Morphological destruction of cultured cells by the attachment of Treponema pallidum. AB - The incubation of Treponema pallidum with rabbit testicular cells, HEP-2 cells, human foreskin cells, rat cardiac cells, and rat skeletal muscle cells caused morphological disruption of these cultured cells. Control preparations of heat inactivated treponemes, a high-speed supernatant in which treponemes had been pelleted, and culture medium failed to damage the tissue cells, as did viable treponemes when the cells were incubated in inverted Sykes-Moore chambers. Thus, cellular disruption is not associated with soluble treponemal, soluble inflammatory, or soluble testicular constituents but is mediated by the specific attachment of T pallidum. This organism apparently elaborates some type of toxic activity that lyses membranes: this may explain some of the histopathology of syphilitic disease. PMID- 7034857 TI - Demonstration of specific 19S(IgM) antibodies in untreated and treated syphilis. Comparative studies of the 19S(IgM)-FTA test, the 19S(IgM)-TPHA test, and the solid phase haemadsorption assay. AB - Sera from 408 patients with untreated or treated syphilis were examined by three different tests to demonstrate treponema-specific 19S(IgM) antibodies. Antibody titers in the 19S(IgM)-fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA) test and the solid phase haemadsorption assay (SPHA) did not correlate. The 19S(IGM)-Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) and the SPHA partly correlated based on the concentration of treponema-specific 19S(IgM) antibodies in the patient's serum. Under experimental conditions antibody titres in the 19S(IGM)-FTA test and the 19S(IgM)-TPHA correlated consistently. For specificity and sensitivity, the 19S(IgM)-FTA test correlated best with the clinical findings in both untreated and successfully treated patients. Although the 19S(IgM)-TPHA has about the same degree of specificity, the reading of the results is technically more complicated. The specificity of the SPHA was very high. In patients with untreated syphilis, however, the SPHA is adversely affected by a high rate of false non-reactive results, since it consists of two reactions with appreciable differences in sensitivity. Thus, higher sensitivity cannot be expected in the SPHA. An immunoadsorption technique using an adequate antigen and a specific, enzyme-labelled antiserum might provide an alternative test which is simple to perform, highly specific, and consistently sensitive. PMID- 7034858 TI - Aetiology and management of non-specific vaginitis. AB - In a study of 100 women with non-specific vaginitis, characterised by a vaginal discharge which was malodorous and pruritic in most cases and caused dyspareunia and dysuria in some, Gardnerella vaginalis was isolated in 46% of patients. When present, G vaginalis was significantly associated with Mycoplasma hominis and Bacteroides species. Isolation of G vaginalis was unrelated to the presenting symptoms. Treatment with povidone-iodine pessaries for two weeks produced no pronounced benefit, either clinically or microbiologically, compared with a placebo. Nevertheless, 68% of all patients followed reported improvement four weeks after the start of treatment. The findings suggest that G vaginalis is one cause of non-specific vaginitis, which is more likely to be seen in women using oral contraceptives and is usually cured spontaneously. PMID- 7034859 TI - Quantitative study of Chlamydia trachomatis in genital infection. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion counts on inoculated McCoy cell coverslips were used as an index of the degree of infection of the cervix in women and of the urethra in men with urethritis. High inclusion counts were obtained significantly more often from men than from women, from women with cervical ectopy, and from women who had had recent sexual intercourse. Low inclusion counts were significantly more common in men with a past history of gonococcal urethritis. Higher chlamydial isolation rates in women with gonorrhoea and in women taking the contraceptive pill could not be attributed to a greater degree of infection, since inclusion counts were not raised in these patients. There was evidence that strains of C trachomatis might vary in their ability to establish themselves in the genital tract because high counts in men with NGU were associated with high counts in their female consorts and the levels of counts in men were associated with the frequency of chlamydial isolation from their female consorts. The relatively simple technique of inclusion counts in cultures for chlamydia from the genital tract may yield valuable information about the behaviour of different strains of C trachomatis in causing pathological changes, in the transmission of infection between individuals, and in the response to specific chemotherapy. PMID- 7034860 TI - Thiamphenicol in the treatment of chancroid in men. AB - Thiamphenicol was used to treat 547 men with chancroid. An oral dose of 2.5g was given on the first day and a further dose of 1.25g a week later if the lesions had not healed. Eighty-seven (15.9%) patients defaulted from follow up and 23 (4.2%) had positive serological test results for syphilis. Of the remaining 437 patients, 27 (6.2%) failed to respond to treatment, 258 (59%) were cured after the single dose, and 152 (34.8%) required a second dose. The overall cure rate was 93.8%. PMID- 7034862 TI - Modern diagnostic methods in practice: hormone assays in reproduction and fertility. PMID- 7034861 TI - Autogenous vaccine therapy for condyloma acuminatum. A double-blind controlled study. AB - In an attempt to substantiate claims that autogenous vaccine is an effective form of immunotherapy for condyloma acuminatum, a double-blind cross-over study was carried out on 34 patients, in which autogenous wart vaccine was compared with a placebo vaccine identically prepared from each patient's own normal skin. It was found that the duration of disease was an important determinant of curability in patients with condylomata acuminata (P less than 0.001) and that when this factor was taken into account autogenous wart vaccine was not significantly more effective than the placebo (P = 0.43). PMID- 7034864 TI - Immunoperoxidase detection of chlamydia ovis in experimentally-infected cell culture. PMID- 7034863 TI - Treatment of a case of bovine hydrops allantois with cloprostenol. PMID- 7034865 TI - Spatial memory impairments following damage to the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus in rhesus monkeys. AB - The present study assessed whether the mediodorsal nucleus (MD) of the primate thalamus subserves some of the same learning and memory functions mediated by its prefrontal cortical projection areas. Behavioral effects of MD lesions were evaluated in 14 young adult rhesus monkeys, using tests known to be sensitive to damage in different regions of the prefrontal cortex. Performance on a spatial delayed alternation task was significantly (P less than 0.01) impaired by MD lesions, and this impairment was significantly correlated (rs = 0.52) with damage to the posterior half of the mediodorsal nucleus. Such damage was also correlated significantly (rs = 0.51) with performance on another spatial memory task, delayed response; monkeys that sustained the largest lesions of the posterior mediodorsal nucleus were significantly (P less than 0.05) impaired on this task relative to operated animals suffering the least posterior MD damage. In contrast to their performance on spatial memory tasks, operated animals were not impaired on tests of object reversal or visual pattern discrimination. These results indicate that lesions of the mediodorsal nucleus can elicit a specific syndrome of spatial memory loss qualitatively similar to that observed after damage to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. PMID- 7034866 TI - Identification of cell types in rat hippocampal slices maintained in organotypic cultures. AB - We have cultured transverse slices of the hippocampal formation from neonatal rats and have identified the cell types which appear in the outgrowth with cell type specific markers. Tetanus toxin and anti-tetanus toxoid, as well as antisera to neurofilaments and 14-3-2 protein, were used to identify neurons. Astrocytes were identified with antisera to glial fibrillary acidic protein and were the predominant non-neural cell type. Fibroblastic cells were labeled with antisera to fibronectin and to myosin and oligodendroglia were identified with antisera to galactocerebroside. The hippocampal neurons could be classified as 1 or the 3 types present in vivo (pyramidal cells, granule cells, or GABAergic interneurons) on the basis of their size, shape, location, or reaction with antisera to glutamic acid decarboxylase. Outgrowth of glial cells and neurites occurred within hours of explantation. Within a few days granule cell neurons migrated onto the glial cell layer from the explant. Their movement is probably related to their migration during in vivo development of the granule cell layer. Synapse formation was observed by electron microscopic analysis beginning about 3-5 days in vitro and areas of neuropil containing many synapses were observed after 3-4 weeks. This culture system should be useful for further studies on the cellular processes which occur during hippocampal development and plasticity. PMID- 7034867 TI - Intracellular plasma proteins in human fetal choroid plexus during development. I. Developmental stages in relation to the number of epithelial cells which contain albumin in telencephalic, diencephalic and myelencephalic choroid plexus. AB - The developmental stages of telencephalic, diencephalic and myelencephalic choroid plexuses in the human fetus and the morphology of choroid plexus epithelial cells in the various plexuses in different development stages were described on basis of PAS- and toluidine blue-stained material. Six different cell types were identified in various combinations in 4 different stages (I-IV). The number and distribution of albumin-containing epithelial cells in various plexuses in the different stages of development were investigated by indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Albumin-containing cells did not belong to a single cell type. The telencephalic plexus exhibited a staining pattern for albumin which was different from that of the diencephalic and myelencephalic plexuses. In the telencephalic plexus positive epithelial cells were frequent in stage I, whereas only a few positive cells were present in stage II and III. In contrast, 30-40% of the epithelial cells in both diencephalic and myelencephalic plexuses in stage I, II and III showed a positive staining reaction. Later in gestation less than 10% were positive. It is suggested that a main function of the diencephalic and myelencephalic plexuses early in gestation is associated with protein transport rather than with glycogen synthesis and storage which might be a major function of the telencephalic plexus. PMID- 7034868 TI - Peripheral reinnervation patterns and dorsal root ganglion cell topography in skin-grafted Rana pipiens frogs. AB - Behavioral responses to mechanical stimulation of the skin were observed in unoperated, 180 degrees skin-rotated and sham-grafted Rana pipiens frogs before and after crushing various cutaneous nerve bundles. In the two control groups, wiping responses directed towards the animal's dorsum were mediated solely via dorsomedial (DM) and dorsolateral (DL) nerve trunks. In skin-rotated frogs, DM and DL nerve trunks were responsible for almost all of the misdirected responses elicited from dorsal cutaneous areas. Six frogs (2 sham- and 4 skin-rotated) possessed some areas of plical skin from which responses could only have been mediated via more ventrally located nerve trunks. However, such dorsal expansions of ventral receptive fields never included the midline skin areas from which misdirected responses had been elicited in the intact animal. The topographic arrangement of cells within the DRG appears to be weakly polarized in cobalt stained sections, but with large individual variations in size and observed number of neuronal profiles. For the skin-rotated group the ratio of cobalt filled profiles in the dorsal as compared with the ventral half of the ganglion was 1.6, which did not differ significantly from the control value of 1.9. Taken as a whole, the results of the present study indicate that selective (re)innervation of displaced skin by the original nerve fibers cannot explain the origin of misdirected responses in Rana pipiens. PMID- 7034869 TI - The luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) system in normal and estrogenized neonatal rats. AB - LHRH perikarya and processes were compared in 6, 9, and 11 day old normal and estrogenized male and female rats. Estradiol benzoate was administered SC in 1 or 1000 microgram amounts when the animals were 2 days old. Control animals received either an equivalent amount of the oil vehicle or no injection. After perfusion with Bouin's solution, brains were embedded in paraffin and sectioned 6 mu coronally through the entire brain. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical technique was used to assess the development of LHRH cells and fibers. The primary antiserum to LHRH was Arimura's antiserum #743. LHRH immunopositive perikarya were present in the septal-preoptic but not in the arcuate-median eminence regions. No immunopositive reaction product was present following treatment with antiserum #743 absorbed with LHRH. At each of the three ages, the amount of detectable LHRH cell bodies was considerably greater in normal males than in females. The high dose of estrogen reduced the quantity of LHRH perikarya localized in the male and increased it in the female. LHRH processes formed a "rostral" pathway in proximity with the organum vasculosm of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) in the vicinity of the rostral preoptic area and a "caudal" one extending through the arcuate-median eminence region. Many more LHRH immunopositive processes were visualized in normal males than in female siblings on days 9 and 11. The high dosage of estrogen also reduced the amount of LHRH immunoreactive material in 9 and 11 day old males but not in equivalent age females. The data are consistent with the findings that the hypothalamic pituitary-gonadal inhibitory system functions earlier in the male than in the female and that the LHRH system can be modified by estrogen circulating during the period of sexual differentiation. PMID- 7034870 TI - Fetal raphe and hippocampal transplants into adult and aged C57BL/6N mice: a preliminary immunocytochemical study. AB - Fetal mouse raphe and hippocampal tissue (from embryos with crown-rump length (CRL) 13-16 mm) was transplanted into adult and aged isogenetic mice to study the growth of serotonergic fibers between host and donor tissue. A specific antibody against serotonin (5-HT) was used to immunocytochemically visualize 5-HT containing cell bodies and fibers. Unilateral fetal transplants into the hippocampi of adult (4-6 mo.) or aged (24 mo.) mice matured and sent out processes which very densely innervated the transplant tissue itself and extended into the host hippocampus. The termination of these fibers was consistent with the known 5-HT-hippocampal lamination pattern in normal animals. Qualitative comparisons suggested that the density of outgrowth into adult hippocampus was greater than into aged hippocampus. Conversely, adult 5-HT neurons send sprouts into fetal hippocampal tissue transplanted into the lateral ventricle. Therefore, immunocytochemical procedures can be used to monitor outgrowth from the fetal tissue to the host and ingrowth from the adult host to the fetal tissue. Furthermore, the apparent normal 5-HT lamination pattern produced by fetal raphe axons in adult hippocampus is consistent with reports that neuronal transplantation is effective in reversing the anatomical and behavioral deficits produced by homotypic denervation of a terminal field. PMID- 7034871 TI - Altered hypothalamic dopamine depletion rate and LHRH content in noncyclic hamsters. AB - Effect of light deprivation on hypothalamic dopamine (DA) depletion rate and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) content was evaluated in golden hamsters. Hamsters maintained in continuous darkness (CD) became acyclic after about 6 weeks while another group of hamsters maintained vaginal cyclicity under 20 lux light intensity for 14 hours a day. All hamsters were ovariectomized subsequently. Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone levels were significantly higher in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and the serum gonadotropin levels were significantly lower in CD hamsters when compared with 20 lux group. However, gonadotropin release in response to exogenous LHRH was not significantly different in CD or 20 lux group of hamsters. Examination of hypothalamic catecholamine levels one hour after alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine injection indicated that the DA depletion was higher in CD animals. Results indicate that light deprivation probably enhances DA depletion rate in the MBH, suggesting that increased activity in dopaminergic neurons may inhibit the release of MBH LHRH in hamsters kept in continuous darkness. PMID- 7034872 TI - [PEEP in chronic obstruction syndromes]. PMID- 7034873 TI - Thome George villar. PMID- 7034874 TI - [Eulogy of Doctor Pierre Porcher]. PMID- 7034875 TI - [The common market and the public health]. PMID- 7034876 TI - [Some particulars of the proteases inhibitory system observed in African blacks with primary cancer of the liver]. PMID- 7034877 TI - [Could the prevention of arterial essential hypertension rely on a objective view of the risk?]. PMID- 7034878 TI - [Fluorescein angiography is 20 years old: results and prospects]. PMID- 7034879 TI - [Development of stereotaxic methods and their applications to the study of brain neoplasms]. PMID- 7034880 TI - [Importance of the contamination of food by mycotoxins and its control]. PMID- 7034881 TI - [The Emergency Medical Service of Paris]. PMID- 7034882 TI - [The prognosis of multiple sclerosis: cases of the benign form]. PMID- 7034883 TI - [The harvest of kidneys is still inadequate: toward a regionalization of transplantation]. PMID- 7034884 TI - [The electronic file of records on a microcomputer system]. PMID- 7034885 TI - [Eulogy of Andre Domart]. PMID- 7034886 TI - [Eulogy of Rene Fontaine, 1899-1979]. PMID- 7034887 TI - [Aspects of tropical epidemiology]. PMID- 7034889 TI - [Teaching of tropical medicine in France]. PMID- 7034888 TI - [French medicine and monsoon Asia]. PMID- 7034890 TI - [The place of France in world-wide medical research in tropical medicine]. PMID- 7034891 TI - [Oral contraception and cerebrovascular accidents]. PMID- 7034892 TI - [Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease with functional studies of anorectal motility]. PMID- 7034893 TI - [Brief history of the Ordre des Medecins]. PMID- 7034894 TI - [Prevention of allergic respiratory diseases]. PMID- 7034895 TI - [Iatrogenic impact of veterinary prophylaxis on man. Timeliness of serologic monitoring of antirabies immunity in the contaminated vaccinated animal]. PMID- 7034896 TI - [To what should the absence of repair of transsected spinal fibers in higher vertebrates be attributed?]. PMID- 7034897 TI - [The nuclear industry and health]. PMID- 7034898 TI - [Prevention of and screening for tumors of colon and rectum]. PMID- 7034899 TI - [Rubella infection in pregnancy and congenital rubella in 1979]. PMID- 7034900 TI - [Food hygiene and the prevention of food poisoning]. PMID- 7034902 TI - Mandibular superiosteal implants. PMID- 7034901 TI - [The Common Market and public health]. PMID- 7034903 TI - Laminate veneers. PMID- 7034904 TI - The denturist movement in Canada. Part I: Growth and development in the western provinces. PMID- 7034905 TI - The denturist movement. Part II: acceptance in Eastern Canada. PMID- 7034906 TI - The denturist movement in Canada. Part III: Current status and potential. PMID- 7034907 TI - A method of analyzing the form of individual human teeth. PMID- 7034908 TI - CDA speaks for Canadian dentists. PMID- 7034909 TI - Directory of officers. Canadian Dental Association. PMID- 7034910 TI - Clinical evaluation of composite and amalgam posterior restorations: one year results. PMID- 7034911 TI - Veneering amalgam restorations. PMID- 7034912 TI - A comparative microscopical study of resins bonded to buccal enamel surfaces. PMID- 7034913 TI - Dr. Derek Denny-Brown, OBE, MD, DPHIL, FRCP, 1901, 1981. An appreciation. PMID- 7034914 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery. AB - This review examines the principles and practice of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery. Such prophylaxis is required to decrease the frequency of postoperative infection in most patients with clean-contaminated and contaminated wounds, to prevent infrequent but devastating infection of prostheses in cardiovascular and orthopedic surgery and to prevent endocarditis in noncardiac surgery in patients who have valvular heart disease. Prophylaxis should begin before operation; it is usually unnecessary afterwards. The antibiotic may be given topically or parenterally. The latter is more certain, but oral prophylaxis in bowel surgery may offer additional protection by reducing colonic flora, and topical wound and peritoneal antibiotics may be augment protective antibiotic levels at those sites. Antibiotics, such as the cephalosporin cefazolin (but not cephalothin), which penetrate blood and tissues rapidly and for prolonged periods, afford excellent prophylaxis at most sites. But for prophylaxis in colonic surgery, antibiotics directed against Bacteroides fragilis may be superior, and to prevent endocarditis in noncardiac surgery, vancomycin or a combination of penicillin and an aminoglycoside is best. PMID- 7034915 TI - Effectiveness of the adriamycin-DNA complex in kidney allograft immunosuppression. AB - The chemotherapeutic effectiveness of the lysosomotropic Adriamycin-DNA complex has been demonstrated experimentally. This study evaluated the immunosuppressive activity of the complex on renal allografts in rats of the Buffalo-Lewis strain. Six rats receiving no treatment served as a control. Five rats received DNA along (at a dose equivalent to that in the complex), seven received the Adriamycin-DNA complex (molar ratio of DNA mononucleotide to Adriamycin, 20:1) and five were given free Adriamycin. Adriamycin, free or linked to DNA, was injected as follows: 2 mg/kg on days 2, 6 and 9 and 1 mg/kg on day 13 after transplantation. The Adriamycin-DNA complex prevented renal allograft rejection in the early postoperative period, by delaying for more than a week, the increase in serum creatinine levels in animals receiving transplants. Histologic examination of renal grafts in these rats confirmed the reduced severity of acute cellular rejection. There was also functional and morphologic evidence of reduced toxicity of Adriamycin when linked to DNA. The beneficial effect of such a drug should be attributed to its lysosomotropic mechanism of activity. PMID- 7034916 TI - Treatment of nephrotic edema with bumetanide. AB - In a crossover study bumetanide, 2 to 6 mg/d, was compared with furosemide, 40 to 160 mg/d, in the treatment of 10 patients with the nephrotic syndrome and massive edema. The two drugs, which both act on the loop of Henle, were found to be equally effective. Patients with renal insufficiency responded poorly to both drugs. PMID- 7034917 TI - Frostbite arthritis. PMID- 7034918 TI - Relation of oral dose of oxtriphylline to serum theophylline level. AB - Serum theophylline levels were studied in relation to oral doses of oxtriphylline in 30 patients with reversible airway obstruction. A wide scattering of levels was observed and was attributed to widely differing rates of metabolism of the drug. From the data obtained it was concluded that the most commonly prescribed daily dose of oxtriphylline, 800 mg, will produce a therapeutic level of theophylline in only about one quarter of patients. A daily starting dose of 15 to 20 mg/kg, however, will produce therapeutic levels in approximately one third of patients without significant toxic effects. Once the patient's conditions is stable the serum theophylline concentration should be measured; if it is subtherapeutic the dose of oxtriphylline should be increased slowly and the serum theophylline concentration remeasured until a level of 10 to 20 microgram/ml is achieved. PMID- 7034919 TI - [Epidemic of bacillary dysentery]. AB - An outbreak of bacillary dysentery in 1978 affecting 928 persons, most of whom were living in the village of St-Jacques, PQ, is described. An epidemiologic study suggested the water supply as the source of the infection, and it was established that the water carried by the municipal aqueduct was contaminated by feces containing the causal agent, Shigella sonnei. This epidemic, the largest mentioned in he Canadian medical literature, demonstrates how contagious this infection is. PMID- 7034920 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of legionellosis: 3 years' experience. PMID- 7034921 TI - Tumor markers in inclusion cysts of the ovary. AB - The immunoperoxidase method was used to determine whether carcinoembryonic antigen, beta subunit of HCG placental lactogen, pregnancy-associated alpha-2 glycoprotein, and pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein could be found in inclusion cysts of the ovary. These tumor markers are found in the serum of patients with common epithelial carcinomas of the ovary and inclusion cysts are considered to be the origin of these tumors. Placental lactogen was found in 56 of 118 inclusion cysts, beta subunit of HCG in four of 141 cysts, alpha-2 glycoprotein in five of 141, and beta-1 glycoprotein in two of 118. it was concluded that primitive cells in inclusion cysts elaborate the same tumor markers found in serous cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. This observation, although not proving origin of tumor from the inclusion cyst, demonstrates a significant characteristic shared in common by all three. PMID- 7034922 TI - Giant lymph node hyperplasia: persistence of symptoms for 15 years. AB - A woman with giant lymph node hyperplasia of the mediastinum and systemic symptoms was treated with radiotherapy. Following a short partial remission, symptoms have persisted for 15 years. Surgical excision remains the treatment of choice, although the failure of radiotherapy may be due to inadequate dosage. If symptoms persist after treatment, a diagnosis of multicentric disease should be excluded. Review of histologic material may be helpful in puzzling clinical cases, as shown by the establishment of the diagnosis in this patient 13 years after the onset of symptoms. PMID- 7034923 TI - Chemotherapy of childhood rhabdomyosarcomas growing as xenografts in immune deprived mice. AB - Xenografts derived from the neoplastic tissues of children with rhabdomyosarcoma have been used in immune-deprived mice to examine the efficacy of agents known to be active against this disease, and in others that received either limited or no clinical evaluation. Two models were derived; xenografts were established from tumors obtained from either (a) untreated patients or (b) from patients who had become refractory to conventional therapy. Model a identified as being effective each of these clinically used agents: vincristine, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin; mitomycin C and 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-2 methylimidazole-4-carboxamide also showed activity, as did busulfan in one tumor line. Tumors derived from refractory patients were significantly less responsive to all agents examined. PMID- 7034924 TI - Tumor-associated chromatin antigens of human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines HT 29 and LoVo. AB - Antiserum to dehistonized chromatin from human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT 29 was raised in rabbits and used for the immunodetection of colon tumor associated nuclear antigens. Quantitative microcomplement-fixation studies indicated that the antiserum had reactivity similar to those of chromatins of two human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (HT-29 and LoVo) and with nonneoplastic colon. Immunocytochemical localization showed the chromatin antigens to be evenly dispersed throughout the nucleus. Immunochemical staining of electrophoretically separated chromosomal proteins transferred to nitrocellulose sheets revealed several intensely staining antigens predominantly in the molecular weight range of 62,000 to 75,000. When the antiserum was immunoabsorbed with nonneoplastic human colon chromatin, two antigens with molecular weights of 67,000 and 92,000 were identified only with the tumor chromatins. Antiserum immunoabsorbed with either LoVo or HT-29 chromatin failed to show any immunoreactivity, suggesting that these tumor-associated proteins, or antigenic sites residing on these proteins, are identical in both colon tumor cell lines. PMID- 7034925 TI - Antigens of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells defined by murine monoclonal antibodies. AB - We have elicited and characterized the serological specificity of five murine monoclonal antibodies (DU-PAN-1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) to a human pancreatic tumor cell line, HPAF. The antibodies are not detecting HLA-associated antigens since all of the monoclonals failed to react with human lymphoid and myeloid cell lines and uncultured cells. All of the monoclonals except DU-PAN-5 reacted with four of five pancreatic tumor cell lines and two of two uncultured pancreatic tumors. An immunoperoxidase technique was used to determine the presence of the antigens detected by the monoclonal antibodies in frozen sections of tumor and adult and fetal normal tissues. DU-PAN-1 antigen was detected on pancreatic tumors, and a transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, but was detected on no other adult or fetal normal tissues including pancreas. One of the antigens (DU-PAN-2) defined by the monoclonals was present on pancreatic ductal epithelial cells and showed a restricted distribution on tumor cells from some other carcinoma patients and on cells from certain fetal tissues. DU-PAN-3 antigen was present on adult and fetal pancreatic cells and certain tumor cells but could not be detected on cells of other fetal or adult normal tissues. DU-PAN-4 and DU-PAN-5 antigens have a more widespread distribution on normal or tumor cell types. PMID- 7034926 TI - Quantitative determination of disseminated tumor cells by [3H]thymidine incorporation in vitro and by agar colony formation. AB - A new microradioassay for the detection and quantification of disseminated tumor cells in blood and organ samples of tumor-bearing animals has been worked out in a murine total system for tumor metastasis. In contrast to previous prelabeling or in situ labeling procedures, the basis of this assay is a postlabeling in vitro of tumor cell-containing material with [3H]thymidine. Percoll gradient fractionation and autoradiography revealed that most of the isotope was incorporated into tumor cells. Titration curves with tumor cells from tissue culture were run in parallel and allowed to calculate from the radioactivity of a sample that actual number of proliferating tumor cells. The postlabeling assay correlated fairly well with an agar colony test which measure the clonogenic or stem cell potential of a tumor cell population. About 70% of syngeneic animals which had been inoculated s.c. with ESb tumor cells showed increased [3H]thymidine uptake in their blood, particularly at certain time intervals (11 and 21 days). None of these animals lived for more than 2 days longer. The advantages of the new microradioassay and its possible prognostic significance will be discussed. PMID- 7034927 TI - Sanctuary therapy: a randomized trial of 724 children with previously untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A Report from Children's Cancer Study Group. AB - Between 1972 and 1974, Childrens Cancer Study Group enrolled 724 children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia on a single randomized clinical trial. Study CCG-101 was designed to test four types of presymptomatic central nervous system and sanctuary therapies consisting of (a) 2400-rad craniospinal radiation therapy (RT) plus 1200-rad extended-field RT, which included the liver, spleen, kidneys, lower abdomen, and gonads; (b) 2400-rad craniospinal RT; (c) 2400-rad cranial RT plus intrathecal methotrexate (i.t. MTX); and (d) i.t. MTX alone. Patients all received a 28-day induction course of vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase and were maintained subsequently on a regimen consisting of daily 6-mercaptopurine, weekly MTX, and monthly pulses of vincristine and prednisone. Patients treated with six doses of i.t. MTX alone had a significantly higher incidence of central nervous system relapse than did patients treated with 2400-rad craniospinal RT plus 1200-rad abdominal RT, 2400 rad craniospinal RT, or 2400-rad cranial RT plus i.t. MTX. There was no significant differences in marrow remission duration or survival of the treatment groups. There appears to be a benefit with regard to length of bone marrow remission and survival for patients with initial white blood counts greater than or equal to 20,000/cu mm treated with cranial RT plus i.t. MTX. The majority of the patients remaining on study have now discontinued maintenance therapy. The 8 year overall estimated survival rate on this study is 56%, and the disease-free survival rate is 52%. PMID- 7034928 TI - U.K. and European trials of chemotherapy in osteosarcoma. AB - Three current studies of treatment of osteosarcoma are reviewed and the results of a small completed study of adjuvant chemotherapy are given. The Medical Research Council has 152 patients in a continuing trial comparing two differing adjuvant chemotherapy schedules. The European Organisation of Research on the Treatment of Cancer, together with the International Society of Paediatric Oncology, are undertaking a three-arm trial of chemotherapy, lung irradiation, and chemotherapy plus lung irradiation, as adjuvant treatments in osteosarcoma, in which 85 patients have been entered as of September 1979. The Bristol Bone Tumour Registry treated 11 patients with a regimen consisting of intermediate dose methotrexate and doxorubicin given for 1 year postoperatively, and have 64% of patients alive and disease free at a followup period of 42 to 62 months. A further study, based in Bristol, of chemotherapy and surgical excision of lung metastases has 8 of 14 patients free of disease, 3 to 25 months from thoracotomy. PMID- 7034929 TI - Methotrexate treatment of advanced head and neck cancers: a dose response evaluation. AB - Fifty-eight patients with advanced squamous cell cancer of the head and neck have been randomized on a study comparing three different weekly methotrexate (MTX) dose levels followed at 24 hours by standardized folinic acid rescue. Eighteen patients received MTX 5 g/m2, 24 patients received 500 mg/m2, and 16 patients received 50 mg/m2. The initial response rate according to treatment were 50%, 21% and 31%, respectively. Six patients crossed from low- to medium-dose MTX after failing to respond (four) or relapsing, and one in each group had a tumor response. Eleven patients crossed over from initial medium-dose to high-dose MTX after failing to respond (ten) or relapsing, and one in each group had a tumor response. The median time to maximum response was 3.5 weeks. There were only two complete responders, and one is disease free more than 19 months after starting treatment and more than 15 months after stopping treatment. The high-dose MTX treatment was significantly more toxic than lower doses, and there were four drug related deaths (three in the high-dose group). The preliminary results of this study support the notion of a dose-response relationship to MTX in advanced squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. PMID- 7034930 TI - Adjuvant combination chemotherapy for operable breast cancer. Trials in progress at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. AB - Adjuvant trials ongoing at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan for operable breast cancer with nodal involvement are reviewed in this paper. In the first trial (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil [CMF] versus control), the early 5-year results confirm the usefulness of combination chemotherapy in significantly affecting the relapse-free survival (RFS) and total survival rates. The degree of axillary node involvement remains the most important prognostic indicator also in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. The contention concerning the therapeutic effect of CMF in pre- versus postmenopausal women is overcome by the observation that about 80% of patients receiving greater than 85% of the planned dose are surviving relapse free at 5 years regardless of their menopausal status. The 3-year results of the second CMF trial indicate that both RFS and total survival are comparable between the groups receiving 12 or 6 cycles of adjuvant CMF. The results were not affected by drug-induced amenorrhea nor by estrogen receptor status. Provided the percent of dose administered is high, there is probably no real advantage in prolonging CMF chemotherapy beyond the sixth month. However, the results are still preliminary. PMID- 7034931 TI - Cisplatin, BCNU, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone in multiple myeloma. AB - Using the MOPC 104E murine plasmacytoma model, Ghanta et al have shown major synergism when cisplatin was added to a treatment program with BCNU and cyclophosphamide (CTX). To evaluate possible synergism in the treatment of human multiple myeloma (MM), 23 evaluable patients who had relapsed with standard treatment were treated with cisplatin, BCNU, CTX, and prednisone. There were five good and four fair responses in this group of heavily pretreated patients. These included responses in four patients who had failed to respond to or had relapsed with BCNU, CTX, and prednisone therapy at higher doses than those used in this protocol, indicating that there is synergism from the addition of cisplatin in the treatment of human MM. Gastrointestinal toxicity was significant but acceptable. Transient renal and hematologic toxicity was also seen. The number of responses and the apparent synergism seen suggest that this combination of drugs should be studied as therapy for untreated patients with MM, especially those with poor prognostic features. PMID- 7034932 TI - Cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and vindesine combination chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. AB - Seventy-four patients with non-small cell lung cancer were treated in a prospective, randomized trial either with a four-drug combination of cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and vindesine (PACE) or with a three-drug combination of cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and vindesine (PCE). None of these patients had received prior chemotherapy, and all had a Karnofsky performance status of at least 60. Of 68 evaluable patients, 21 (31%) had complete or partial remissions. Response rates for PACE and PCE were similar, and there was no difference in response rates for patients with adenocarcinoma or epidermoid cancer. The median duration of remission was 10 months (range, 2-26+); five patients are still in remission (median, 18+ months; range, 17+ to 26+). The median duration of survival for responding patients (complete or partial) was 18 months. Toxic effects, including mild to moderate myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathy, and nephrotoxicity, were manageable in general. The response rates and remission durations for PACE and PCE are similar to those seen with the two drug combination of cisplatin and vindesine, and toxic effects are similar. Thus, the addition of doxorubicin and/or cyclophosphamide adds no advantage to the use of the cisplatin and vindesine combination alone. PMID- 7034933 TI - Phase I study of high-dose mitomycin with autologous bone marrow support. PMID- 7034934 TI - Clinical and pharmacologic evaluation of split-dose intermittent therapy with dianhydrogalactitol. AB - Dianhydrogalactitol was administered as two 1-hr infusions separated by a 4-hr period once every 5 weeks to 21 patients with advanced solid tumors. Total doses ranged from 100 mg/m2 (50 mg/m2 twice on a single day) to 160 mg/m2 (80 mg/m2 twice on a single day). Peak concentrations of drug at the end of a 1-hr infusion ranged from 1.9 to 5.6 microgram/ml. Plasma elimination of dianhydrogalactitol was approximated best by a two-compartment open model. The alpha-half-life was 3.9 +/- 1.9 mins and the beta-half-life was 31.3 +/- 2.7 mins. Dose-limiting hematologic toxicity was encountered at a total dose of 160 mg/m2, with leukopenia occurring more frequently than thrombocytopenia. Other toxic effects included mild to moderate nausea in most patients and two instances of moderate alopecia. One patient with large cell cancer of the lung had a partial regression lasting 2 months and one patient with a carcinoid in the thymus had a partial regression lasting 7 1/2 months. A third patient with a mixed adenocarcinoma squamous cell carcinoma of the lung had improvement (30% decrease) in his pulmonary tumor for greater than 2 months. PMID- 7034935 TI - High-dose AMSA and bone marrow rescue in patients with solid tumors. AB - The feasibility of high-dose AMSA followed by autologous bone marrow rescue was studied in seven patients with solid tumors. They received a total of 12 courses of treatment. Total doses ranged from 600 to 1000 mg/m2/course. Major toxic effects were myelosuppression, fever of unknown origin, and stomatitis. One patient with malignant melanoma had stable disease lasting 2 months; the other six had progressive disease. PMID- 7034936 TI - Evaluation of azapicyl in soft tissue sarcomas in children: a report from the Children's Cancer Study Group. PMID- 7034937 TI - Clinical implications of the blood pressure response to exercise. AB - The blood pressure response during exercise testing is useful in evaluating cardiac status. Failure of the systolic pressure to rise with increases in work load, or a hypotensive response, are signs of significant heart disease. In the patient with coronary artery disease, the maximal systolic pressure achieved during exercise correlates with survival. Exertional hypotension in coronary artery disease is an insensitive, but highly specific, indicator of three-vessel disease or significant left ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 7034938 TI - Circulatory and renin responses in man to unilateral reduction of the renal perfusion pressure. AB - This study is concerned with the mechanisms of human renovascular hypertension. Unilateral partial occlusion of a renal artery was accomplished using a balloon tipped catheter for occlusive angiography in seven normotensive and 17 primary hypertensive subjects. The renin and circulatory responses were studied during a 60 min reduction of the renal perfusion pressure (RPP) by 50% of control. This stimulus was considered to be safe and strong enough to produce a three to four fold rise in plasma renin activity. It was observed that: a) systemic (arterial) renin was significantly raised at 5 min, reached a peak at 15 min and continued to be significantly higher than the baseline until the occlusion was removed; b) venous renin and venous arterial difference on the occluded side became elevated after the stimulus and remained so for the duration of the occlusion; c) renin release from the contralateral kidney became partially inhibited; d) in no case did systemic arterial pressure, heart rate or cardiac output change during the studies; e) renin and circulatory patterns were similar in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. It is concluded that in humans unilateral RPP reduction duplicates the renin pattern of the Goldblatt kidney, but does not duplicate the circulatory response. This evidence applies to a 1 h renal artery occlusion and does not exclude the possibility that renin may have a role in a rise in blood pressure following renal artery stenosis of longer duration. PMID- 7034939 TI - Considerations regarding clinical safety and tolerability of antibiotics in serious and nosocomial infections. AB - Patients with severe gram-negative infections are often treated with aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, or a combination of these. Aminoglycosides cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Duration of treatment and dose are directly related to the incidence of toxicity. Nephrotoxicity occurs in 10% to 20% of patients, is mild to moderate in severity, and is often reversible. Tobramycin causes nephrotoxicity less frequently than does gentamicin. Ototoxicity may be associated with auditory or vestibular changes. Auditory toxicity occurs at high frequencies in 10% of patients and is rarely clinically apparent, but it may not be reversible. Cephalosporins cause different adverse effects, which can be classified as those due to: (1) the physical-chemical properties of the cephalosporin--pain on injection and thrombophlebitis; (2) drug hypersensitivity- rash, exfoliative dermatitis, hemolytic anemia, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, fever, interstitial nephritis, and anaphylaxis, (3) dose--positive Coombs reaction, glomerulotubular dysfunction, central nervous system dysfunction, platelet dysfunction, leukopenia, and agranulocytosis; and (4) other causes- diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, prolonged prothrombin time, disulfiram-like effect, colonization, and super-infection. Use of cephalothin with gentamicin or tobramycin increases the incidence of nephrotoxicity. In patients with severe infections, election of an aminoglycoside or cephalosporin may depend on the relative toxicity of the drugs. Well-designed comparative studies are needed to determine the relative frequency and clinical significance of these adverse effects. PMID- 7034940 TI - Synthesis of type I collagen by human odontoblast-like cells in explant culture: light and electron microscope immunotyping. PMID- 7034941 TI - Relationship between succinate excretion and cytochrome levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7034942 TI - Proteolysis of sea-urchin nuclear histones during isolation. PMID- 7034943 TI - Different patterns of macrophage activation induced by various agents. PMID- 7034944 TI - [Standardization of the rosette test for the immunological reactivity of patients after kidney transplant operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034945 TI - [History of education at the First Internal Medicine Clinic in Prague from 1881 to 1938]. PMID- 7034946 TI - [Development of the institutional basis for the I. Internal Medicine Clinic in Prague from 1881 to 1938]. PMID- 7034947 TI - [Some alternatives of bromocriptin action of glucose tolerance in acromegalics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034948 TI - [The last years of municipal surgeons in Prostejov (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034949 TI - [The significance of the founding of the journal Casopis lekaru ceskych (Journal of Czech Physicians) in the frame of development of our professional publication activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034950 TI - [Medical ethics in the pages of the journal Casopis kekaru ceskych (Journal of Czech Physicians) in the first half century of its existence (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034951 TI - [The interest paid by the physicians to the health condition of the working population in the second twenty-five volume years of the journal Casopis lekaru ceskych (Journal of Czech Physicians) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034952 TI - [Problem-oriented laboratory finding of acid-base balance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7034953 TI - Immunocytochemical distribution of LHRH neurons and processes in the rat: hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic locations. AB - The distribution of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-immunoreactive perikarya and processes was examined, in the untreated rat, with the unlabeled antibody enzyme method of immunocytochemistry on thick 50 micron vibratome sections. LHRH neurons were primarily observed in the preoptico-anterior hypothalamic and septal areas. Projections from these cell bodies to the median eminence form three distinct pathways, one laterally along the course of the optic tracts, one medially through the periventricular stratum of the third ventricle, and one through the tractus infundibularis. In addition, some of these cell bodies project to the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) and the subfornical organ (SFO). LHRH immunoreactive neurons were also noted in the anterior olfactory regions; they project along the medial olfactory tract to the olfactory bulb. PMID- 7034954 TI - Ultrastructural and tissue-culture studies on the role of fibronectin, collagen and glycosaminoglycans in the migration of neural crest cells in the fowl embryo. AB - The initial migration of neural crest (NC) cells into cell-free space was studied by transmission electron microscopy at trunk levels of fowl embryos, some of which were fixed in the presence of ruthenium red. Migrating NC cells occurred in zones which contained fewer ruthenium-red stained 15-40nm diameter granules than other regions. The ruthenium-red stained granules were linked by similarly stained thin (greater than 3nm diameter) microfibrils. The granules resemble proteoglycan and the microfibrils may be hyaluronate. NC cells contacted thicker (greater than 10 nm diameter) fibrils and interstitial bodies, which did not require ruthenium red for visualization. Cytoplasmic microfilaments were sometimes aligned at the point of contact with the extracellular fibrils, which may be fibronectin and collagen. Phase-contrast time-lapse videotaping and scanning electron microscopy showed that NC cells of the fowl embryo in vitro migrated earlier and more extensively on glass coated with fibronectin-rich fibrous material and adsorbed fibronectin molecules than on glass coated with collagen type I (fibres and adsorbed molecules). NC cells became completely enmeshed in fibronectin-rich fibres, but generally remained on the surface of collagen-fibre gels. When given a choice, NC cells strongly preferred fibronectin coatings to plain glass, and plain glass to dried collagen gels. NC cells showed a slight preference for plain glass over glass to which collagen was adsorbed. Addition to the culture medium of hyaluronate (initial conc. 20 mg/ml), chondroitin (5 mg/ml) and fully sulphated chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate (up to 10 mg/ml) did not drastically alter NC cell migration on fibronectin-rich fibrous substrates. PMID- 7034955 TI - Ultrastructure of endocrine cells in the stomach of two teleost fish, Perca fluviatilis L. and Ameiurus nebulosus L. AB - In the gastric mucosa of two teleost species, the perch (Perca fluviatilis) and the catfish (Ameiurus nebulosus) three endocrine cell types were found, located predominantly between the mucoid cells of the gastric mucosa. A fourth cell type is present in the gastric glands of catfish. Each cell type was defined by its characteristic secretory granules. Type-I cells were predominant in both fish. These cells contained round or oval granules with a pleomorphic core. The average diameter of granules was 400 nm for the perch and 270 nm for the catfish. Type-II cells of both species displayed small, highly osmiophilic granules about 100 nm in diameter. The secretory granules of type-III cells (260 nm in the perch and 190 nm in the catfish) were round or slightly oval in shape and were filled with a finely particulate electron-dense material. Type-IV cells of the catfish were found in the gastric glands only. Their cytoplasm was filled with homogeneous, moderately electron-dense granules averaging 340 nm in diameter. The physiological significance of these different morphological types of gastric endocrine cells requires further investigation. PMID- 7034956 TI - Organization of a gene cluster expressed specifically in the asexual spores of A. nidulans. AB - We have investigated the organization and regulation of a 13.3 kb region of the Aspergillus nidulans genome that is preferentially expressed during conidiophore development. This cloned DNA segment codes for six polysomal poly(A)RNAs present in dormant asexual spores (conidia) at from 8 to 50 copies per cell. The genes encoding these RNAs occur once per haploid genome, are separate and distinct, appear to be colinear with their mature RNA products and are present in both polarities. Two of the genes have short regions of homology near their 5' ends, but otherwise the segment is internally unique. All of the RNAs are absent from or present at very low levels in wild-type somatic cells (Hyphae) and developing cultures of asporogenous mutant strains. In synchronously conidiating wild-type cultures, each of the RNAs can first be detected at a time coinciding with the appearance of mature spores. Thus this region comprises a cluster of tightly linked, discrete genes, which are all expressed at the same time, but not to the same extent, in a single differentiating cell type. PMID- 7034957 TI - The cellular basis of segmentation in insect. PMID- 7034958 TI - Osteonectin, a bone-specific protein linking mineral to collagen. AB - Osteonectin is a 32,000 dalton bone-specific protein that binds selectively to both hydroxyapatite and collagen. When osteonectin is bound to insolubilized type I collagen, the resultant complex binds synthetic apatite crystals and free calcium ions. The osteonectin-collagen complexes also nucleate mineral phase deposition from metastable balanced salt solutions, Antibodies to osteonectin cross-react with bone and, to a lesser extent, dentin, but not with other tissues. The protein is localized to mineralized bone trabeculae and occurs at higher levels in the matrix than in the cells of bone. These studies suggest that osteonectin is a tissue-specific protein, linking the bone mineral and collagen phases, perhaps initiating active mineralization in normal skeletal tissue. PMID- 7034959 TI - An E. coli gene coding for a protamine-like protein. AB - Several open reading frames exist in the region of the tRNATyr/1 gene of the E. coli genome. One such sequence encodes a polypeptide 33 amino acids in length that, on the basis of size and amino acid sequence, bears a striking resemblance to the protamines found in trout sperm. DNA from the transducing phage phi 80 tRNATyr/1 su3+ directs in vitro synthesis of two small basic proteins that are not made when homologous DNA containing a deletion that overlaps both the su3+ gene and the gene for the putative protamine-like protein is used. DNA from phage that have regained the parental su3+ phenotype again direct in vitro synthesis of the basic proteins. Synthesis of basic protein is inhibited by the presence of ppGpp, as would be expected if the mRNA is part of a large RNA transcript that starts at the promoter for the tRNATyr/1 gene. PMID- 7034960 TI - The tyrT locus: termination and processing of a complex transcript. AB - The tyrT locus of E. coli contains a 208 bp spacer region that separates two copies of sequence encoding tRNATyr1. The spacer includes a 120 bp sequence that is homologous to a sequence that is repeated three times in the distal portion of the tyrT locus. The tyrT locus possesses a graded set of transcription termination sites that are spaced at 180 base intervals, corresponding to the distal repeated gene structure. The major termination site occurs within the second repeat unit, 225 bases beyond the mature tRNA sequences. In the presence of a temperature-sensitive rho protein there is increased read-through at this site to a termination site located 180 bases downstream in the third repeat and to several termination sites even further downstream. The primary native transcript, in the region distal to the second tRNA, carries the information for a low molecular weight, extremely basic protein. Although analogous coding sequences are present in the spacer and other repeat units, because of single base substitutions these sequences are pseudogenes. The parallel between the tyrT and TyrU gene clusters is discussed in relation to dual function transcripts that specify both tRNA and protein. PMID- 7034961 TI - Sensory transducers of E. coli are encoded by homologous genes. AB - The tsr and tar genes, which are widely separated in the E. coli genome, encode functionally analogous transducer proteins that focus and integrate two distinct classes of chemosensory information. Physical mapping of these genes was achieved by use of transposon Tn5 mutagenesis of cloned DNA fragments. The polar effects of Tn5 insertions in the tar-cheR-cheB-cheY-cheZ region indicated that these genes are cotranscribed from a promoter upstream of tar and revealed the existence of a new gene, tap (taxis-associated protein), lying between tar and cheR. DNA hybridization studies demonstrated that the tsr gene possesses sequence homologies with the tar and tap genes, suggesting that they have all evolved from a common ancestor. The tap gene encoded a polypeptide of apparent molecular weight of 65,000, which may constitute a transducer protein of unknown specificity. PMID- 7034962 TI - The binding of clathrin triskelions to membranes from coated vesicles. AB - We have developed a quantitative method to study the interaction of radiolabeled clathrin triskelions with membranes from brain coated vesicles. Clathrin triskellions do not bind to coated vesicles unless these are stripped of their clathrin coat. The binding of triskelions is of high affinity (KD congruent to 2 x 10(-9) M), is saturable and depends on vesicle concentration. Triskelions bind to protein-sensitive structures of the stripped vesicles. Polypeptides of about 110,000 daltons appear to be involved in the binding structure. The association of triskelions to stripped vesicles was confirmed by electron microscopy. PMID- 7034963 TI - Splice points of the third intron in the yeast mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. AB - We report the nucleotide sequences at the splicing junctions of intron 13 of the cytochrome b (box) "long" gene of the mitochondrion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and compare them with the homologous sequences in Aspergillus nidulans. The two introns occupy exactly the same position and display an open reading frame in phase with the preceding exon at the 5' end and a blocked region at the 3' end. PMID- 7034964 TI - The sequence of the DNAs coding for the mating-type loci of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The complete sequences of the yeast a mating-type locus, MATa, and of the silent alpha cassette, HML alpha, have been determined. A segment of 642 nucleotides is unique to MATa, and a corresponding segment of 747 nucleotides is unique to MAT alpha. The major mRNAs (a1, a2, alpha 1 and alpha 2) encoded by MATa and MAT alpha have been aligned with the DNA sequence. The a1 mRNA is encoded entirely within the a-specific DNA sequence. The a2 mRNA, which is transcribed divergently from a1 mRNA, is encoded in a region common to both Mata and Mat alpha. The alpha 1 and alpha 2 mRNAs are also transcribed divergently and have their 5' starts about 240 nucleotides apart within the alpha-specific sequence. The amino acid sequences of the MAT proteins have been predicted from the DNA sequences. An unanticipated conclusion is that the a1 protein, containing 148 amino acids, results from readthrough of a UGA at codon 45. Polymorphic forms of the homologous outer segments of the HML alpha, MAT alpha, MATa and HMRa sequences suggest that the boundaries of the segments involved in mating-type switching are immediately adjacent to the a-specific and alpha-specific sequences. PMID- 7034965 TI - Bacterial chemotaxis in the absence of receptor carboxylmethylation. AB - Although chemoreceptor methylation in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli has been shown to be at the core of the chemotactic phenomenon, mutants in the gene (cheR) that codes for the methylating enzyme still respond and adapt to repellent stimuli. Analyses of receptor methylation and transferase activity show that this behavior is not due to residual transferase activity. That receptor methylation is not absolutely required for chemotactic sensory processing is confirmed by the isolation of cheR pseudorevertants that remain defective in receptor methylation, yet are able to respond to gradients on semi-solid tryptone agar. A detailed comparison of cheR and wild-type responses indicates that chemotaxis is mediated by at least two interdependent adaptation systems, only one of which involves receptor methylation. The interaction of these two systems produces the full response in wild-type cells. Methylation-deficient mutants exhibit a partial response and retain some chemotactic ability. PMID- 7034966 TI - The mosaic organization of the apocytochrome b gene of Aspergillus nidulans revealed by DNA sequencing. AB - The coding section of the apocytochrome b gene (cobA) of the mitochondrial DNA of Aspergillus nidulans has been completely sequenced. The gene comprises two exons of 507 and 654 bp separated by one intron of approximately 1.1 kb. The derived amino acid sequence shows 61% homology with that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 51% homology with the cognate human sequence. Comparison of these sequences indicates that UGA codes for tryptophan in the A. nidulans mitochondrial system. The intron is in exactly the same place as intron 13 of the apocytochrome b gene of "long" strains of S. cerevisiae. Other introns present in "long" strains (I1 and I2) are absent in A. nidulans. Introns 14 and 15 present both "long" and "short" strains of yeast are also absent. This is particularly significant in view of the involvement of 14 in the splicing of both cob and oxi3 (coding for cytochrome oxidase subunit 1) mRNA precursors in S. cerevisiae. The partial sequence of the A. nidulans intron shows an open reading frame for at least the first 200 bp, and shows the intron to be closed in all frames at the carboxyl terminus. PMID- 7034967 TI - A rapid technique for the visualization of cytoskeletal elements using cationized ferritin. PMID- 7034968 TI - Lateral apertures as passage-ways between ectoplasm and endoplasm in plasmodial strands of Physarum. PMID- 7034969 TI - Anterior guidance. PMID- 7034970 TI - The line and plane of occlusion. PMID- 7034972 TI - The functionally generated path technique: laboratory procedures. PMID- 7034971 TI - The functionally generated path technique: intra-oral procedures. PMID- 7034973 TI - The functionally generated path technique: variations. PMID- 7034974 TI - Nickel chrome beryllium alloys: a clarification. PMID- 7034975 TI - [Diary of Jr. Josef Ryba. Translated from the German manuscript by Vera kadlecova. Commentaries by Vera Kadlecova and Otokar Matousek]. PMID- 7034976 TI - [The psychiatric clinic in Olomouc through the eyes of former students]. PMID- 7034977 TI - [Historical conditions during the building of the Moravian Institute for Mental Disorders in the 2d half of the 19th century]. PMID- 7034978 TI - [20 years of the Psychiatric Research Institute]. PMID- 7034979 TI - [The first four head physicians of the Prague Hospital for mental patients. 2. Josef Pelikan, Medicinae et Philosophiae Doctor, Chirurgiae et Obstetritiae Magister]. PMID- 7034980 TI - [Reform of medical education in 1953 and the circumstances of its development]. PMID- 7034981 TI - [Anatomo-surgical considerations on the indications and technic of Patey's radical mastectomy]. AB - After expressing some considerations on "conservative operations" and "limited resections" for cancer of the breast, the Authors describe the technique of performance of modified Patey's radical mastectomy. This operations is less destructive than Halsted's but nevertheless gives a sufficient guarantee of radicality, as confirmed by an examination of the most recent literature. The procedure also allows better aesthetic results to be achieved with subsequent plastic surgery. From the data reported in literature on comparison between the five-year results after radical mastectomy according to Halsted and modified radical mastectomy according to Patey, it can be seen that the survival rate is roughly the same. The local relapse rates both in the cases with lymph node involvement are likewise similar, irrespective of technique. This evidences that Patey's operation is correctly indicated in carcinomas of the breast not yet locally advanced. PMID- 7034982 TI - [Thyroid nodular pathology: retrospective study of 917 surgical interventions]. AB - A retrospective investigation of the surgical cases of seven hospitals in the Veneto region was made in order to assess the malignancy rate in thyroid nodular pathology, and the predictive value of scintiscanning with positive indicator. PMID- 7034983 TI - [Immunological evaluation in the immediate postoperative period]. PMID- 7034984 TI - [Iatrogenic lesions of the femoral artery during hernioplasty]. PMID- 7034985 TI - [Development of nephrology as a nursing specialty. Paper presented at the South African Multidisciplinary Medical Congress - July 1981]. PMID- 7034986 TI - Antigenic structure and related aspects of the biology of plasmodia: the present situation: Scientific Working Group on the Immunology of Malaria. AB - Major progress has been made in the production of monoclonal antibodies against various Plasmodium species and developmental stages. Some of the monoclonal antibodies, especially those directed against sporozoites, have proved to be protective in rodent and simian systems. Antigenic analysis has been advanced by the application of these monoclonal antibodies, and recent studies have concentrated on membrane-bound antigens.While promising leads have emerged from the in vitro production of viable gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum and from the in vitro cultivation of exoerythrocytic forms of rodent plasmodia, little progress has been made in the scaling up of in vitro cultures of asexual forms of P. falciparum. Techniques for the separation, isolation, and purification of parasite material have been improved.Areas that require urgent attention are identified, with particular emphasis on antigenic analysis and the production of antigens for vaccine development and immunodiagnosis. PMID- 7034988 TI - A correlation between mutagenic and carcinogenic potencies in a diverse group of N-nitrosamines: determination of mutagenic activities of weakly mutagenic N nitrosamines. AB - The mutagenic activities of a diverse group of N-nitrosamines were measured in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 under conditions designed to maximize metabolism of N-nitrosamines and enhance their mutagenic effects. These conditions were also chosen since some of the carcinogens were previously reported to be non-mutagenic or of questionable mutagenic activity and some only became mutagenic after the bacteria were exposed to a "threshold does" of metabolites. The mutagenic potencies spanned a range of 10(5)-fold and correlated well with semiquantitative carcinogenic potencies taken from the literature. This correlation appears to be the strongest yet reported for any particular class of compounds. In addition, the mutagenic activities of a number of carcinogens, previously reported to be non-mutagenic, were determined. Among the structural features necessary for high mutagenic activity in this group of compounds was a potential, unsubstituted methylating or ethylating group. Substitution of alkyl, hydroxyl, methoxyl, and cyano moieties at the alpha or beta carbon of these groups reduced mutagenic activity. PMID- 7034987 TI - DNA-damaging activity in vivo and bacterial mutagenicity of sixteen aromatic amines and azo-derivatives, as related quantitatively to their carcinogenicity. AB - Sixteen aromatic amines and azo-derivatives were studied. They were: benzidine; 2 acetylaminofluorene; 3'-methyl-p-dimethylaminobenzene; o-aminoazo-toluene; p dimethylaminoazobenzene; 2,4-diamino-toluene; 4,4'-oxydianiline; 2,4 diaminoanisole; 4,4'-methylenedianiline; 2-naphthylamine; Auramine O; Rhodamine B; Ponceau MX; 1-naphthylamine; p-aminoazobenzene and aniline. The compounds were examined for their capability to induce alkaline DNA fragmentation in rat liver after treatment in vivo, for their mutagenicity in the Salmonella strains TA 98 and TA 100, for their acute toxicity and for their carcinogenicity in mice and rats. For each parameter a quantitative potency index was established, and the correlation existing amongst the different parameters investigated. Only mutagenicity in the strain TA 98 was slightly correlated with carcinogenic potency (r = 0.408). DNA fragmentation and toxicity were not correlated with carcinogenicity. A significant correlation was found between DNA fragmentation and toxicity (r = 0.539). No correlation was found between DNA fragmentation and mutagenicity. The lack of correlation between DNA fragmentation and carcinogenicity is in contrast with previous results obtained with a family of hydrazine derivatives (12) and a group of nitrosocompounds (22). For these two groups of chemicals correlation between DNA fragmentation and carcinogenicity existed, but not between carcinogenicity and mutagenicity in the Ames' test. It is suggested that short term tests can perform very differently for different classes of chemicals. PMID- 7034989 TI - Effect of aromatic hydrocarbons on the metabolism of 2-aminoanthracene to mutagenic products in the Ames assay. PMID- 7034990 TI - Effects of intravenous prostacyclin in variant angina. AB - A lack in prostacyclin (PGI2) production due to atherosclerosis may play a role in the pathophysiology of some of the clinical manifestations of ischemic heart disease and in particular, of coronary vasospasm. We therefore evaluated the effects of i.v. PGI2 in nine patients with variant angina and six normal volunteers. In normal subjects, PGI2 (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 micrograms/kg/min) had significant antiplatelet effects, caused a dose-dependent decrease in both systolic and diastolic arterial pressure and a decrease in pulmonary resistance. Heart rate increased in a dose-dependent manner, but no consistent effects on myocardial contractility (evaluated by ultrasound) were observed. Side effects were negligible and readily reversible. Although producing obvious antiplatelet and vasodilatory effects, PGI2 did not affect the number, severity and duration of spontaneous ischemic episodes due to coronary vasospasm in five patients and ergonovine-induced spasm in three. However, the number of ischemic episodes was consistently reduced in one patient during four consecutive periods of PGI2 infusion alternated with placebo. a severe, prolonged ischemic episode with ST elevation and pain was consistently observed in this patient every time PGI2 was discontinued. In the appropriate environment, PGI2 can be administered safely to patients with ischemic heart disease. Occasionally, PGI2 may result in a complete disappearance of ischemic episodes due to coronary vasospasm, but usually it is ineffective. These conflicting results could be related to different etiologies of coronary spasm. PMID- 7034991 TI - Detection of cardiac transplant rejection with radiolabeled lymphocytes. AB - To determine whether rejections of cardiac transplants could be detected specifically and non-invasively by lymphocytes labeled with indium-111 (111In), we studied 36 allogeneic and 14 isogeneic heterotopic cardiac transplants in rats. Allogeneic grafts accumulated autologous 111In-lymphocytes, detectable scintigraphically 24 hours after i.v. injection of the labeled cells. At the time of peak histologic rejection, the allogeneic grafts accumulated 92. +/- 4.8 times more activity than the native hearts (determined by well counting). The tissue-to blood ratio in the rejecting transplants was 3.7 +/- 2.2; total uptake by the graft was 2.9 +/- 2.1% of the injected dose. Autoradiography confirmed that graft radioactivity was associated with labeled lymphocytes. In contrast, isogeneic grafts showed no signs of rejection and did not accumulate radioactivity. Because conventionally isolated and labeled lymphocytes are often contaminated with platelets, we prepared both 111In-platelets and purified 111In-lymphocytes for use in additional experiments. Allogeneic grafts accumulated platelets and purified lymphocytes independently. Thus, deposition of immunologically active cells in the rejecting graft representing specific pathophysiologic events can be detected. The results suggest that rejection of cardiac transplants can be detected noninvasively, potentially facilitating objective early clinical detection of rejection and titration of antirejection therapy. PMID- 7034993 TI - Long-term results of surgery for congenital heart disease. II. Surgery of specific anomalies (continued), surgical procedures and devices, and surgical techniques. PMID- 7034992 TI - Lasting improvement of renovascular hypertension by transluminal dilatation of atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic renal artery stenoses. A follow-up study. AB - Sixteen consecutive patients with renovascular hypertension were treated by transluminal dilatation and observed during 6 - 39 months (mean 21.8 months). Poststenotic renal artery pressure increased (p less than 0.001) and the renal arteries were patent on angiograms taken immediately after dilatation. In 13 patients, angiography was repeated 2 - 9 months later; at that time the selective renal vein renin ratio had decreased (p less than 0.001). At the end of the follow-up, blood pressure was improved or normal in 14 cases. One of the eight patients with atherosclerosis was normotensive without treatment, compared with five of six patients with fibromuscular dysplasia (p less than 0.05). The results in two cases with vasculitis are uncertain. The four patients with relapses, one after intimal catheter dissection, were treated successfully by redilatation. Thus, renovascular hypertension can be improved by transluminal dilatation in patients with atherosclerosis and in patients with fibromuscular dysplasia with lasting success and a low morbidity rate. PMID- 7034994 TI - Early identification of individuals at increased risk for cancer of the large intestine. Part II: development of risk factor profiles. PMID- 7034995 TI - Cancer risks of medical treatment. Part II: potentially carcinogenic medications in current use. PMID- 7034996 TI - A proposed simple method for detection and measurement of antibodies to insulin in serum by use of Staphylococcus aureus containing protein A. AB - A method is proposed for using Staphylococcus aureus containing protein A for the detection and measurement of insulin antibodies in the sera of insulin-requiring diabetics. PMID- 7034997 TI - Enzyme immunoassay of thyroxin with a centrifugal analyzer. AB - We have applied a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for determination of thyroxin in serum to the "Cobas Bio" centrifugal analyzer. To unbind thyroxin from its protein complex, serum is treated for 20 min with a solution of NaOH containing "Lipex," an agent for sequestering free fatty acids. The immunoenzymic reaction is then automatically performed by the analyzer at 37 degrees C. To 20 microL of sample mixture is added 125 microL of reagent (thyroxin antibodies and NAD+) and this mixture is incubated for 10 s. Then 25 microL of start reagent (enzyme thyroxin conjugate and malate substrate) is added and the change in absorbance is monitored at 340 nm. The standard curve is linear up to at least 200 micrograms of thyroxin per liter. Within-assay precision (CV) varied from 1.1 to 2.9%, between-assay precision from 3.1 to 7.8%. Analytical recovery of thyroxin was complete. The deviation of control samples from target values ranged from -2.1% to 7.0%. Interference by hemoglobin or bilirubin is negligible. Results compare favorably with those by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7034998 TI - Hemoglobin A1 in hemolysates from healthy and insulin-dependent diabetic children, as determined with a temperature-controlled minicolumn assay. AB - We report age-specific glycohemoglobin values for nondiabetic infants, children, and young adults. These values were determined with an ion-exchange "mini-column" in a specially designed and constructed water bath that maintains column temperature at 23 +/- 0.1 degrees C. Two in-house-prepared controls with glycohemoglobin content amounting to 6.36% and 11.87% of total hemoglobin, stored at -20 degrees C, were used to assess long-term analytical precision. Between-day precision (CV) was 1.4% and 1.65%, respectively. We found a significant correlation (r = 0.981, p less than 0.01) between the glycohemoglobin value and the physicians' independent assessment of clinical control in 129 insulin dependent diabetics, ages 3-23 years. There were significant differences (p less than 0.05) between glycohemoglobin values between patients with well-controlled or poorly controlled diabetes and those with intermediate control. Reported studies of 20 patients over three to 12 weeks showed that changes in clinical control were paralleled by changes in glycohemoglobin values. PMID- 7034999 TI - Effect of duration and temperature of storage on serum analyte stability: examination of 14 selected radioimmunoassay procedures. AB - We determined appropriate temperatures for sample storage and the resulting stability of 14 analytes commonly radioimmunoassayed in the clinical laboratory. Serum specimens to be tested for concentrations of cholylglycine, cortisol, digoxin, ferritin, follitropin, immunoglobulin E, lutropin, prolactin, thyroxin (also blood-spot thyroxin), triiodothyronine, and triiodothyronine uptake could be stored for up to two weeks at room temperature, refrigerated, or frozen without any loss of analyte activity. Specimens for insulin testing require freezing or refrigeration, and specimens for gastrin testing should be stored at 70 degrees C for optimal results. PMID- 7035000 TI - Evaluation of four assay methods for determination of tobramycin in human serum. AB - Four assay procedures for tobramycin in serum--enzyme immunoassay (I), substrate labeled fluorescent immunoassay (II), radioimmunoassay (III), and bioassay (IV)- were compared and evaluated by replicate and analytical recovery studies. I and II were about 50% more precise than III and IV. II was substantially more nearly accurate than the other methods and also gave the best reproducibility (correlation coefficient 0.992 between-day). The least expensive method was IV. Ease of handling favored I and II. Overall, we find II to be the most acceptable procedure for use in the clinical laboratory. PMID- 7035001 TI - Improving the sensitivity of gentamicin enzyme immunoassay. PMID- 7035002 TI - Serum ferritin determination by enzyme immunoassay: importance of sample dilution (the "Hook effect") PMID- 7035003 TI - Comparison of two isotope dilution/mass spectrometric methods for determination of total serum cholesterol. AB - Isotope dilution/mass spectrometric methods for total serum cholesterol, developed separately at the Karolinska Institutet (KI) and the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), were compared by applying them to a common set of serum pools. A search for the cause of a systematic difference of a few percent in results from the two methods revealed that the KI cholesterol standard contained lathosterol, which interfered with the calibration of the method. With NBS Standard Reference Material cholesterol used for new analyses at the KI, the average difference in mean values dropped to 0.2%. The NBS results are more precise. This is attributed to the protocols NBS used for sample preparation and mass spectrometry. However, these protocols make the NBS method more complex and time-consuming. A recent critical article on the use of this technique for total cholesterol is also examined. PMID- 7035004 TI - Immunochemical determination of CK-MB isoenzyme in human serum. II. An enzymic approach. AB - A novel immunochemical technique for a specific enzymic determination of the myocardial isoenzyme of creatine kinase, CK-MB, involves determination of B subunit activity of a specimen in which the M-subunit activity has been inhibited by specific antibodies to the M-subunit. Interfering activities from CK-BB isoenzyme, atypical forms of creatine kinase, and adenylate kinase are eliminated by using a blank tube in which all the M-subunit-containing isoenzymes have been removed by a specific immunoprecipitation step. The assay is convenient, linear, and reproducible, and results compare well with those by agarose electrophoresis. PMID- 7035005 TI - Dissociation of mannan--serum complexes and detection of Candida albicans mannan by enzyme immunoassay variations. AB - Candida albicans mannan was added to normal human sera and the resulting complexes were dissociated by boiling (boil) with EDTA or by alkali treatment (bead method). The mannan released was detected by "sandwich" enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or by EIA inhibition. Each EIA took 2.3 h to perform. The total time for the boil-EIA combination was 2.7 h and for the bead-EIA, 3.8 h. The temperature favorable for antigen--antibody incubation was 4 degrees C. The sandwich EIAs were preferable to EIA inhibition because absorbance was directly proportional to mannan concentration, within-run variation was decreased, and accuracy was increased. The boil-sandwich EIA had the highest sensitivity in the 12.5 to 200 micrograms/L range. PMID- 7035006 TI - Interactions among enzyme, antibody, drug, and time in enzyme immunoassays for drugs of abuse. AB - Published information on the major interactive variables of enzymic immunoassays for drugs, whether in urine or serum, is scanty. Using the Syva EMIT-dau Barbiturates assay as an example, we examined the following interactive variables with respect to test response: concentrations of enzyme, antibody, and drug; urine matrix; and time. The results suggest a process for optimizing this type of enzyme immunoassay. Transformation of the data gives indirect evidence of heterogeneous antibody reactions that are drug-concentration dependent. PMID- 7035007 TI - Homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for theophylline in serum and plasma. PMID- 7035008 TI - Hsien Wu (1893--1959): A biographical sketch. PMID- 7035009 TI - Ethanol/ethylene glycol interaction on aca. PMID- 7035010 TI - Canine eruption into grafted bone in maxillary alveolar cleft defects. AB - Forty-six patients with clefts of the alveolus who had received alveolar bone grafts (secondary osteoplasties) at ages 7-14 years, were studied. A total of 64 affected canines from 18 bilateral and 28 unilateral alveolar cleft patients was available. Follow up orthopantomographs were examined to determine the state of root development and spontaneous canine movement through the grafted site. The postoperative observation period ranged from 2-8 years (mean 4.3 +/- 1.5). All test canines erupted through the graft. Spontaneous eruption occurred for 27% of test canines, 17% required surgical uncovering (either bony or soft tissue), and 56% required surgical uncovering and orthodontic assistance to accomplish eruption. All patients required orthodontic treatment to accomplish arch alignment. The prognosis for canine eruption through a graft site is most favorable if the graft is performed at 1/4-1/2 canine root formation and when the patient is aged 9-12 years. The post graft observation period is very important and requires complete cooperation between the orthodontist and the surgeon. PMID- 7035011 TI - Distribution of fibronectin in plasma and liver in liver diseases. AB - We measured the concentration in plasma of fibronectin, a recently characterized high molecular weight glycoprotein, in patients with various liver diseases. We found that it was significantly increased in acute hepatitis, fatty liver, all types of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis without clinical evidence of ascites. Only in patients at the decompensated stage of liver cirrhosis, i.e. patients with clinical evidence of the presence of ascites, was it significantly reduced. Based on the immunohistochemical study on biopsy specimens of the liver using anti-human fibronectin antiserum, we suggest a possible correlation of the elevated plasma fibronectin to the wide distribution of specific fluorescence associated with the fibrillar structures in necrotic areas, expanded portal areas or thick fibrous septa in the liver diseases. Accelerated catabolism of plasma fibronectin mediated by increased fibrinolytic activity may contribute to the decrease in the level of plasma fibronectin in severe liver cirrhosis. PMID- 7035012 TI - Evidence against an interaction of angiotensin II with the sympathetic nervous system in man. AB - Animal experiments indicate that angiotensin II can, under some circumstances stimulate the sympathetic nervous system at a number of different sites. In order to determine whether such a relationship of the renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous system exists in man, we increased (by intravenous infusion), or decreased (by administering the oral converting enzyme inhibitor captopril) circulating angiotensin II levels and monitored plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline responses. Angiotensin II infusions did not increase plasma catechol-amines, and lowering of angiotensin II by captopril treatment in patients with severe hypertension or congestive heart failure failed to alter plasma adrenaline or nor-adrenaline levels. Whether physiological levels of angiotensin II are capable of interacting directly with the sympathetic nervous system in man remains to be demonstrated. PMID- 7035013 TI - The effect of bromocriptine on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in patients with acromegaly. AB - The oral administration of bromocriptine 5 mg 6-hourly to twelve patients with acromegaly for a mean period of 12 (range 3-27) months significantly reduced whole blood glucose, plasma insulin and plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations during a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). After this period of treatment, bromocriptine was withdrawn for 48 h resulting in a significant rise in whole blood glucose, plasma insulin and plasma GH concentrations during a repeat OGTT. It is concluded that bromocriptine therapy improves glucose tolerance in acromegaly by suppressing GH secretion and consequently GH-mediated antagonism of insulin. PMID- 7035014 TI - Impairment of insulin secretion during experimental potassium depletion is not corrected by the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin. PMID- 7035016 TI - [Biomembrane and action of insulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035015 TI - Diurnal hormone-metabolite profiles in hypothyroidism. AB - To investigate the influence of thyroid hormones on intermediary metabolism in man, hormone and metabolite profiles were obtained over a 12-h period of normal meals and activity in eight hypothyroid subjects before and during thyroxine replacement therapy, and in sixteen matched controls. The fasting blood glucose concentration and the mean 12-h blood glucose concentration were normal in hypothyroid subjects but the blood glucose response to breakfast was exaggerated. Fasting blood lactate and pyruvate levels were normal but post-prandial hyperlactataemia and hyperpyruvicaemia were found and mean 12 h values for lactate (hypothyroid 1.80 +/- 0.06 v. control 0.77 +/- 0.03 mmol/l, P less than 0.01) and pyruvate (0.10 +/- 0.01 v. 0.08 +/- 0.003 mmol/l, P less than 0.01) were elevated. Blood alanine concentrations were elevated only in the evening. Although plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels were normal, fasting blood glycerol levels were decreased (0.06 +/- 0.01 v 0.08 +/- 0.01 mmol/l, P less than 0.001) and this decrease persisted throughout the 12-h period. Blood total ketone body concentrations did not differ from controls, but, as for plasma NEFA and blood glycerol, the normal preprandial rise in concentration was absent. Serum insulin, glucagon and growth hormone concentrations did not differ from control values at any time. Six months of thyroxine (T4) treatment produced a rise in blood glycerol concentration (mean 12 h value during T4 therapy, 0.06 +/- 0.01; before T4 therapy, 0.04 +/- 0.005 mmol/l; P less than 0.01) but not to control values (0.08 +/- 0.01 mmol/l). Concentrations of glucose and other gluconeogenic precursors were unaltered by therapy but the insulin response to meals and the mean 12 h serum insulin concentration were increased. PMID- 7035017 TI - [Insulin content and insulin receptors in the rat brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035018 TI - [Receptor binding ability and biological activity of structurally abnormal human insulins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035019 TI - [Study of insulin action: uptake of insulin into subcellular fractions and stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in mouse adipocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035020 TI - [Action of insulin on the glucose transport system--on the "translocation hypothesis" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035021 TI - [Effects of insulin on glycolysis in rat diaphragms and mouse 3T3 fibroblasts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035022 TI - [A study on the mechanism of insulin action in perfused rat liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035023 TI - [The effect of insulin microinjection into hypothalamus on plasma glucose (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035024 TI - [Insulin's regulation of glucose transport--effect of fatty acids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035025 TI - [Insulin-like effects of hyperosmolarity in rat isolated fat cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035026 TI - [Paradoxical effect of insulin in isolated fat cells from rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035027 TI - [Mechanism of insulin action on glucose and lipid metabolism in hepatocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035028 TI - [Effects of insulin on protein metabolism in adult rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035029 TI - [Effect of nicardipine (YC-93), a calcium antagonist, on hormonal secretion of the pancreas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035030 TI - Induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to Mycobacterium leprae in healthy individuals. AB - Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to a soluble Mycobacterium leprae skin test antigen (SML) was successfully induced in healthy volunteers following immunization with 2 X 10(8) killed armadillo-derived M. leprae. No better sensitization was obtained by a mixture of live BCG and killed M. leprae. The relative specificity of the DTH reaction to SML has been demonstrated in this study, since little cross-reactivity was observed to PPD, after immunization with BCG ro M, leprae alone, or combined. Moreover, armadillo-derived M. leprae readily induced a specific hypersensitivity with the time course DTH response associated with protective immunity suggesting that this bacterial preparation may be a candidate for an effective anti-leprosy vaccine. PMID- 7035031 TI - Failure to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity to Mycobacterium leprae in long term treated lepromatous leprosy patients. AB - Lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients whose bacillary load has decreased to almost undetectable levels by long-term chemotherapy failed to develop delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to Mycobacterium leprae antigen following immunization with killed armadillo-derived M. leprae. When these LL patients were immunization with killed armadillo-derived M. leprae. When these LL patients were immunized with killed M. leprae in a mixture with live BCG, only DTH to purified protein derivative (PPD) was induced. These results are further evidence that immunological unresponsiveness to the leprosy antigen of patients with lepromatous leprosy is antigen-specific and non-reversible. PMID- 7035032 TI - Autoantibody to a novel neuronal antigen in systemic lupus erythematosus and in normal human sera. AB - A non-Fc receptor-bearing mouse neuroblastoma cell line, Neuro-2a, was used in indirect immunofluorescence tests to characterize the pattern of anti-neuronal activity of human sera in 41 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including seven cases of cerebral lupus, 30 "disease controls" (rheumatoid arthritis and chronic active hepatitis) and 30 healthy subjects. The immunofluorescence reaction with Neuro-2a gave a uniform ring fluorescence of the cell surface of cultured cells at 4 and at 37 degrees C, clusters were seen at 5 to 10 min and surface globules at 20 to 120 min. Titres of antibody to Neuro-2a in SLE ranged from less than 5 (seven cases), 5 to 20 (23 cases) and greater than or equal to 40 (11 cases). Titres of 80 to 160 were given by five of seven cases of cerebral lupus and two of 34 cases without cerebral lupus. Antibody to Neuro 2a was demonstrable in subjects without SLE, but to lower titres (less than 5 20). Of 11 SLE sera with antibody titres greater than or equal to 1:40, the antibody class was IgM in eight, IgG in two and both IgM and IgG in one. Absorption studies indicated that serum reactivity against Neuro-2a cells could be removed from some SLE sera with the cultured human neuroblastoma cell line, SK N-SH, but not with mouse fibroblasts, mouse 3T3 cells, rat C6 glioma cells, rat transformed mesenchymal cells, nor by homogenates of mouse brain, heart, liver of kidney. Detection of antibody to Neuro-2a cell may be helpful in identifying patients with cerebral disease due to SLE. PMID- 7035033 TI - Fc receptor-bearing peripheral blood mononuclear cells in breast cancer patients: a possible marker of tumour burden and prognosis. AB - Indirect immunofluorescence was used to identify and quantitate peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells possessing high avidity Fc receptors in 105 patients upon referral to the breast cancer clinic at the Cross Cancer Institute. The cell detected was shown to be a non-adherent PBM, probably belonging to the T or null cell population. The mean percentage +/- 2 standard deviations of PBM-positive cells in 75 patients with no disease or benign breast disease was 5.3 +/- ;6.7, and this was significantly (P less than 0.001) less than the percentage found for 31 patients with breast cancer. The percentage of PBM-positive cells correlated directly with tumour burden in patient with small (less than or equal to 5 cm) tumours without regional node or extranodal metastases (5/13 had greater than or equal to 12% positive PBM) and in those with small tumours plus regional node metastases, but without extranodal metastases (8/10 had greater than or equal to 12% positive PBM). This correlation was less, however, in patients with large tumours (greater than 5 cm), and in those with extranodal metastases (4/8 had greater than or equal to 12% positive PBM), and in patients tested postoperatively (1/13 had greater than or equal to 12% positive PBM) even though 6!13 had regional node metastases at the time of surgery. Thus, this relatively simple assay, which can be done on peripheral blood samples, may turn out to be useful in patients with breast cancer as a prognostic marker insofar as it may be an indirect indicator of tumour burden preoperatively. If so, it may lead to a more aggressive postoperative adjuvant therapy approach to the subpopulation of node-negative PBM-positive breast cancer patients than is currently used for node negative patients. PMID- 7035034 TI - Suppression of in vitro antibody response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by a heat-labile factor in normal human serum. AB - When fresh autologous serum was added to normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), it suppressed greater than 90% of the in vitro anti-SRBC response of these cells. Heating the serum for 30 min at 56 degrees C reversed this suppression, Serum from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and circulating immune complexes had no suppressive effect on the anti-SRBC response of normal human PBL, but serum from patients having the same disease, without circulating immune complexes, did suppress over 90% of the plaque-forming cell response. Serum from an agammaglobulinaemic patient was also suppressive. Addition of serum from patients with congenital deficiencies of C2, C3, C5 and C8 also has a suppressive effect. Absorption of normal serum with immune complexes markedly decreased levels of C1 and C4, and also reversed the suppressive effect of this serum. These data suggest that a heat-labile factor in normal human serum which can be absorbed by immune complexes suppresses the antibody response to a T dependent antigen. Other immune suppressors found in normal human serum are heat stable or do not suppress in the presence of normal serum proteins. Thus the suppressive protein described in these studies may be unique. It is possible that either C1 or C4 or both may play a role in the suppression noted here. PMID- 7035035 TI - Human B cell function in normal individuals of various ages. 1. In vitro enumeration of pokeweed-induced peripheral blood lymphocyte immunoglobulin synthesizing cells and the comparison of the results with numbers of peripheral B and T cells, mitogen responses, and levels of serum immunoglobulins. AB - The effect of age on the in vitro generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures was examined using a staphylococcal protein A plaque assay. Although there was no statistically significant decrease with age in the numbers of plaque-forming cells, subjects whose cells failed to produce immunoglobulin were four times more common amongst individuals over 55 years of age. Simultaneously-measured T and B lymphocyte numbers. 3H-thymidine incorporation by mitogen-stimulated cultures, and serum immunoglobulins were comparable in both the young and the aged. PMID- 7035036 TI - Biosynthesis of preprorenin and intracellular conversion of prorenin to renin. AB - 1. The existence of a biosynthetic precursor of renin (prorenin) has been inferred, but never established experimentally. The aim of the present study was to provide this evidence. 2. In a continuous labelling experiment using submandibular glands of male Quackenbush mice (an extraordinarily rich source of renin) a molecule of Mr 44 500 was immunoprecipitated with antiserum to renin. 3. The Mr 44 500 protein was converted to Mr 40 000 renin in a time-dependent fashion during incubation of tissue at 37 degrees C: 15 min after addition of [35S] methionine only 16% of immunoprecipitable radioactivity was renin, whereas by 4 h this had increased to 86%. The Mr 44 500 protein would therefore appear to be a 'pro' form of renin. 4. Submandibular gland mRNA was translated in a cell free system derived from rabbit reticulocyte lysate and a molecule of Mr 46 000 was immunoprecipitated with antirenin. This was preprorenin and the Mr of the 'pre' region would thus be 1500, which is consistent with the size generally found for the 'pre' region of secretory proteins. 5. The present study has therefore demonstrated for the first time the biosynthesis of a 'pro' form of renin (prorenin) and its conversion to renin intracellularly. PMID- 7035037 TI - Adrenaline synthesizing nerve cells in the medulla of normotensive and hypertensive rats. AB - 1. We have studied the number and distribution of adrenaline synthesizing nerve cells in the medulla oblongata of the rat, using a combination of immunofluorescence to visualize the enzyme phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and catecholamine fluorescence to detect central catecholamines. 2. The distribution of adrenaline synthesizing nerve cells was similar in normotensive (Wistar Kyoto) rats, spontaneous hypertensive rats, and stroke-prone rats. Few of the cells visualized by PNMT immunofluorescence were detected by the Faglu fluorescence method for catecholamines. The C1 (ventrolateral) and C2 (dorsomedial) groups of PNMT cells were anatomically distinct from the A1 and A2 groups of catecholamine fluorescent cells and lay rostral to these cells within the medulla. There was a third group of adrenaline synthesizing cells close to the midline in the rostral medulla, and we have called this the C3 group. 3. There was a 32% increase in the number of PNMT cells in the medulla of 4-week-old stroke-prone rats. 4. PNMT enzyme activity in a cross-segment of the medulla containing the adrenaline synthesizing cells was also increased by 30% in both spontaneous hypertensive rats and stroke-prone rats. PMID- 7035038 TI - Effect of captopril on blood pressure and bradykinin vasodepressor responses after nephrectomy and suppression of prostaglandin synthesis in anaesthetized rats. AB - 1. Captopril markedly potentiated the vasodepressor responses to bradykinin. Neither the magnitude nor duration of the blood pressure fall were altered by bilateral nephrectomy or treatment with indomethacin which suppressed urinary excretion of the prostacyclin metabolite 6-Keto- PGF1 alpha. 2. It is concluded that in the anaesthetized rat augmentation of the bradykinin depressor responses by captopril occurs independently of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 7035039 TI - Renal autotransplants in sheep: investigation of renal function and renovascular hypertension. AB - 1. A novel surgical preparation of sheep with a cervical renal autotransplant has been developed. 2. Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were 25.1 +/- 1.0 ml/min and 208 +/- 10 ml/min respectively (n = 26). 3. The responses to water load and deprivation, to AVP injection, to Na depletion and intravenous hypertonic saline load show the kidneys responded in an appropriate physiological manner. 4. Constriction of the carotid-renal artery to reduce mean renal arterial pressure to 23 +/- 4 mmHg (n = 4) resulted in an increase in systemic mean arterial pressure from 70 +/- 4 mmHg to 75 +/- 4 mmHg within 5 min. Systemic blood pressure further increased to 110 +/- 7 mmHg with 2 h of constriction, when renal arterial pressure had increased to 45 +/- 2 mmHg. PMID- 7035040 TI - The effects of indomethacin in treated hypertensive patients. AB - 1. Twelve treated hypertensive patients (ages 58-71 years) who had also been treated for joint disease participated in a randomized double-blind crossover placebo-controlled study to investigate the effects of indomethacin (25 mg three times daily) on blood pressure and biochemical parameters over a 6-week period. 2. Blood pressure was increased in all patients throughout the indomethacin treatment period (P less than 0.001)--average mean blood pressure increases were 9 mmHg (casual), 8 mmHg (supine), 10 mmHg (standing). 3. The blood pressure increase during indomethacin treatment was independent of the particular antihypertensive regimen in use. 4. Plasma aldosterone concentration was reduced by 50% (P less than 0.01), plasma renin activity was reduced by 43% (P = 0.102) and plasma urea concentration was increased by 17% (P less than 0.001) during indomethacin treatment. 5. The findings confirm that indomethacin impairs the blood pressure lowering effect of antihypertensive regimens. PMID- 7035041 TI - Effects of meclofenamate and captopril on blood flow to the kidney and spleen in conscious rabbits subjected to mild haemorrhage. AB - 1. Regional haemodynamic responses to mild haemorrhage were studied in three groups each of seven conscious rabbits, in the presence of either buffer, the prostaglandin cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor meclofenamate, or the kininase II inhibitor captopril. 2. Renal and splenic vasoconstriction occurred with meclofenamate in haemorrhaged animals, and were accentuated by the subsequent administration of captopril. 3. Captopril alone caused mild renal vasodilatation, but subsequent administration of meclofenamate again caused vasoconstriction. 4. Flow to the adrenal coronary, cerebral and hepatic artery circulations was unaffected by meclofenamate or captopril after haemorrhage. 5. The results indicated that the enhanced vasopressor activity occurring during haemorrhage greatly increased the dependence on vasodilator prostaglandins of flow to the renal and splenic vascular beds. 6. The vasoconstrictor effect of meclofenamate does not appear to be due to unopposed action of angiotensin II when prostaglandin synthesis is suppressed. PMID- 7035042 TI - Amantadine hydrochloride pharmacokinetics in patients with impaired renal function. AB - To study the disposition of amantadine hydrochloride in patients with impaired renal function, 100 mg was administered orally to 13 patients with creatinine clearances ranging from 48 to 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 body surface area. Six adults with normal renal function served as controls. Plasma half-life averaged 68.5 +/- 9.5 SEM hours in the renal patients (range: 27 to 144), versus 12.6 +/- 1.7 hours in controls. Plasma half-life correlated significantly with serum creatinine (r = 0.8476, P less than 0.001) and serum urea nitrogen levels (r = 0.8791, P less than o.001). Similarly, plasma elimination constant correlated with creatinine clearance/1.73 m2 body surface area (r = 09201, P less than 0.001). Renal amantadine clearance also correlated with creatinine clearance/1.73 m2 body surface area (r = 0.8217, P less than 0.001). However, renal amantadine clearance regularly exceeded creatinine clearance, suggesting that tubular secretion plays a role in the elimination of this drug. Amantadine excretion is decreased in patients with impaired renal function. The amount by which dosage must be reduced can be estimated based on creatinine clearance. PMID- 7035043 TI - Paradoxical behaviour of antithrombin III during hemodialysis and its prevention with prostacyclin. PMID- 7035044 TI - Renal tubular dysfunction as a complication of gold therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Forty-five patients with uncomplicated rheumatoid arthritis and 45 control individuals were subjected to immunochemical investigation of the urinary excretion of renal tubular basement membrane antigen (TBM), renal tubular epithelial antigen (RTE), and beta-2-microglobulin. Tubular proteinuria occurred significantly more frequently in patients treated with gold salts than in those not treated (P less than 0.05). Large amounts of RTE and TBM were detected only in the urine of patients who received gold salt therapy. However, the amounts of these proteins in urine did no correlate with the total dose of gold. These results indicate that renal tubular damage frequently occurs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who are treated with gold salts; the tests outlined are useful in detecting renal tubular disorders developing during gold salt therapy and have certain advantages over routine urinalysis. PMID- 7035045 TI - [When does the brain atrophy in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease? (author's transl)]. AB - Chronological changes of computerized tomography (CT) findings and clinical signs and symptoms were studied in 3 patients of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. CT revealed no brain atrophy in the stage when the patients showed frequent myoclonus and fell rapidly into the state of akinetic mutism. One autopsied case of this stage showed no macroscopical brain atrophy at all. Microscopical examination revealed extensive spongiform change in cerebral cortices (except for hippocampus), thalamus, basal ganglia, midbrain and a part of cerebellar cortex, but neuronal loss and gliosis were not severe. In other 2 cases conspicuous brain atrophy was noted in CT several months after this rapidly worsening period. Therefore when discussing pathological findings of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, we must consider when the patient died in the clinical course of this disorder. PMID- 7035046 TI - The effect of early initiation of colostrum feeding on proliferation of intestinal bacteria in neonates. AB - One hundred eighty normal neonates with an average weight above 2.50 kg and having no feeding difficulties were divided into two groups and randomly assigned to either colostrum or to glucose water feeding regimens during the 3-day stay at the maternity ward. The effects of the feeding regimens on intestinal colonization were studied by examining the stools of the neonates. All bacteria recovered were identified quantitatively and biochemically. Of the 180 mothers, 105 complied with the instructions on feeding regimens. The majority of the neonates receiving colostrum had significantly lower bacterial counts than those on glucose water (p less than 0.001). The results of the preliminary study indicated that early initiation of colostrum feeding to neonates where potable water is not readily available will suppress the proliferation of bacteria in the neonates. PMID- 7035047 TI - Recurrent group B streptococcal infection. Case report. PMID- 7035048 TI - Complete recovery from an apparent brain abscess treated without neurosurgery. The importance of early CT scanning. PMID- 7035050 TI - Pyogenic liver abscesses in children. AB - Five children with pyogenic liver abscess were admitted to Institute of Child Health, Kabul during the period 1978 to 1980. All patients were males, and their ages ranged from 4 to 10 years. The clinical picture was characterized by fever, upper abdominal pain, enlarged tender liver with raised right dome of the diaphragm. The abscesses were located in the right lobe of liver in all cases, and they were solitary in three cases. Staphylococcus aureus was the etiologic agent in four cases and Escherichia coli in one. Open surgical drainage coupled with prompt parenteral antibiotic therapy in all cases seem to have favorably influenced the outcome. With a high index of suspicion pyogenic liver abscess in children can be diagnosed clinically without the aid of hepatic radionuclide scanning. PMID- 7035049 TI - Treatment of Group A streptococcal pharyngitis in children. Results of a prospective, randomized study of four antimicrobial agents. AB - Penicillin V, benzathine/procaine penicillin G, cefadroxil monohydrate, and erythromycin estolate were randomly assigned for therapy of group A streptococcal pharyngitis in 198 children. All patients improved with in 24 hours of initiating therapy. Reinfection with a new group A streptococcal serotype occurred in 13 patients, 12 developing 7 to 12 days after stopping therapy and 11 becoming symptomatic. Relapse with the same organism occurred in 16 patients, only 5 (31%) of whom were symptomatic. Antibody titer rises, antibiotic resistance of group A organisms, presence of penicillinase-producing staphylococci, and lack of compliance were not related to recurrent infections. There were no significant differences between the failure rates of the four test drugs: penicillin V, 12%; benzathine/procaine penicillin G, 12%; cefadroxil monohydrate, 5%; and erythromycin, 2%. PMID- 7035051 TI - Group B streptococcal infection in children with liver disease. PMID- 7035052 TI - Childhood serous otitis media: fifteen months' observations of children untreated compared with those receiving an antihistamine-adrenergic combination. AB - Of 55 patients who had received, in a previously reported double-blind study, either an antihistamine-adrenergic combination or a placebo for three months for serous otitis media, 48 were followed without drug therapy for an additional year. During the follow-up period no differences were detected between the patients who had initially been treated with drugs and those who had received the placebo, as detected by audiometry, tympanometry, parental concern about hearing loss (as detected by the parents themselves or by their children's teachers or primary health care providers), school performance, or recurrences of serous otitis media. PMID- 7035053 TI - Anesthetic effects of acupuncture. PMID- 7035054 TI - Epidemiology of hypertension: blood pressure in blacks and whites. PMID- 7035055 TI - Role of prostaglandins in mediating excretion by the kidney of an intravenous infusion of sodium chloride in normal human subjects. AB - 1. Normal male subjects were given a rapid infusion of 3 litres of sodium chloride solution (150 mmol/l) with or without pretreatment with indomethacin. 2. There was marked individual variability in the rate at which the infused sodium chloride solution was subsequently excreted which was not related to the urinary sodium excretion in the previous 24 h. 3. There was no relationship between urinary prostaglandin E excretion during the 24 h preceding the sodium chloride infusion and the rate at which different individuals subsequently excreted sodium and water. 4. Renal plasma flow was significantly higher during the sodium chloride infusion than in the post-infusion recovery period, both with and without pretreatment with indomethacin, although it was significantly lower during each period in subjects pretreated with indomethacin. 5. Urinary prostaglandin E excretion was significantly decreased after the infusion of sodium chloride solution. 6. Indomethacin slightly decreased the rate of excretion of sodium and water. 7. Prostaglandins have a role in, but are not the main determinants of, the excretion of an intravenous infusion of sodium chloride. 8. The results do not support the suggestion that prostaglandin E produced within the kidney, as indicated by urinary prostaglandin E excretion, exerts a natriuretic action. PMID- 7035056 TI - Fibrin deposition in the kidney and renal blood flow during intravascular coagulation in the rat: influence of the renin-angiotensin system. AB - 1. Intravascular coagulation in the kidneys of rats was induced by intravenous infusion of thrombin and by inhibition of fibrinolysis with tranexamic acid under alpha-chloralose anaesthesia. The amount of fibrin in the kidneys was measured with radioactively labelled fibrinogen. Chronic saline loading and inhibition of angiotension II (ANG II) with saralasin reduced the fibrin deposition in the kidneys. Infusion of ANG II had the opposite effect. 2. Renal and aortic blood flows were measured by injection of radioactively labelled microspheres. After thrombin infusion the renal and aortic blood flows were reduced to about one third of the pre-infusion values. Chronic saline loading diminished these changes, but saralasin had no effect. 3. Plasma renin activity (PRA), measured by radioimmunoassay, decreased by about 50% after thrombin infusion. 4. The reduction in PRA and the lack of effect of saralasin indicate that the renin angiotensin system is not the mediator of the observed decrease in the renal blood flow. As saralasin reduced the amount of fibrin the mechanism regulating fibrin deposition appears to be independent of the mechanism that reduces the renal blood flow. PMID- 7035057 TI - Body-fluid composition in normal and hypertensive man. AB - 1. Erythrocyte mass, plasma volume (PV), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and total body water were simultaneously measured in 30 normotensive and 30 normal renin hypertensive Caucasian male subjects for accurate determination of the presence or absence of a disorder(s) in body-fluid composition in hypertension. 2. The results indicate that plasma volume and total blood volume are lower in hypertensive subjects than in normotensive control subjects. The PV comprised 19% of the ECFV in both control and hypertensive subjects. 3. ECFV was lower in hypertensive subjects than in normotensive control subjects; the PV and interstitial fluid components of the ECFV were reduced by similar proportions. The ECFV, furthermore, comprised a smaller portion of the total body water in hypertensive subjects than that in control subjects. 4. We conclude that in the hypertensive state there is a reduction in the ECFV, but that there is no change in the partition of the ECFV between the plasma and interstitial components. PMID- 7035059 TI - Interpretation of thoracoabdominal movements during breathing. PMID- 7035058 TI - Pathogenesis of salt retention in dogs with chronic bile-duct ligation. AB - 1. The present study investigates the role of mineralocorticoids in the pathogenesis of salt retention and ascites in dogs with chronic ligation of the common bile duct (CBDL). 2. After CBDL the natriuretic response to an intravenous sodium load [0.9% sodium chloride solution (150 mmol/l): saline; 10% of body weight] was markedly depressed. Urinary sodium excretion was 285 +/- 62 vs 960 +/ 58 mumol/min in the control period before CBDL (P less than 0.001). This antinatriuresis was associated with a significant rise in plasma aldosterone concentration, from 52.5 +/- 5.5 pg/ml before CBDL to 177 +/- 50 pg/ml after CBDL (P less than 0.02). Ascites was present in all salt-retaining CBDL dogs. 3. Bilateral adrenalectomy resulted in disappearance of ascites and in a rise in the natriuretic response to extracellular volume expansion. Urinary sodium excretion was 770 +/- 124 mumol/min, a value significantly higher than in the CBDL dogs with intact adrenals (P less than 0.001). Sodium balance studies in the adrenalectomized CBDL dogs during chronic deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) treatment (25 mg/day) showed that in these animals there was failure to escape from the mineralocorticoid-induced sodium retention. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow did not change during the studies. 4. The present evidence supports the thesis that sodium retention in the CBDL dog results from a dual mechanism: (a) excess of circulating aldosterone and (b) and extra-adrenal factor which prevents escape from the salt-retaining effect of mineralocorticoids, in the CBDL dogs, thereby perpetuating the antinatriuresis in these animals. PMID- 7035060 TI - The use of barcodes to facilitate computerization in blood transfusion. PMID- 7035061 TI - Displaying clinical data from a time-oriented database. PMID- 7035062 TI - An analysis of physician attitudes regarding computer-based clinical consultation systems. PMID- 7035063 TI - System parameter identification in transport models using the fast Fourier transform (FFT). PMID- 7035064 TI - Computer diagnosis in a vascular diagnostic laboratory. PMID- 7035067 TI - Cryogenic preservation of isolated islets of Langerhans: two-step cooling. PMID- 7035066 TI - Eosinophil, eosinophilia, and eosinophilic disorders. PMID- 7035065 TI - Polyamines as tumor markers. PMID- 7035068 TI - Yeast freeze--thaw survival rates as a function of different stages in the cell cycle. PMID- 7035069 TI - Carcinoma of the colon--prognosis and operative choice. PMID- 7035070 TI - Crisis intervention: an update. PMID- 7035071 TI - Survey of behavior therapies. PMID- 7035072 TI - The comparative scientific status of psychiatry. PMID- 7035073 TI - Regulation of adenovirus gene expression. PMID- 7035074 TI - Structure, assembly, and function of ribosomes. PMID- 7035075 TI - Response of bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma to high-dose vitamin A. PMID- 7035076 TI - The FDA Maze. AB - The testing of new dermatologic pharmaceutical formulations is a long and expensive process. The subsequent regulatory submissions to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) involve considerable detail and negotiations. Most dermatologists have only a superficial knowledge of the processes involved in proving the safety and efficacy of new drugs. This article is an attempt to impart a greater understanding of the procedures involved in obtaining FDA approval of new pharmaceutical entities. PMID- 7035077 TI - Genetics of complement. PMID- 7035078 TI - Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. PMID- 7035080 TI - [Method of fixing a dilating screw in a plate hinge apparatus]. PMID- 7035079 TI - A case of permanent diabetes mellitus in a neonate. PMID- 7035081 TI - [Sixty-year anniversary of the State Dental Institute]. PMID- 7035082 TI - Remembering Sam Vaisrub. PMID- 7035083 TI - The pulmonary pathology of farmer's lung disease. PMID- 7035084 TI - Efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure administered by face mask. AB - The efficacy of administering continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) by face mask was evaluated in 40 consecutive patients treated with 10 cm of water pressure or greater. Thirty-five patients were treated for progressive hypoxemia with all patients improving their PaO2/FIO2 ratio within the first hour of therapy. Oxygen delivery, when measured, also improved in each patient, although five patients ultimately required endotracheal intubation and higher CPAP levels to further improve their arterial hypoxemia. Five other patients were treated for atelectasis unresponsive to the usual therapeutic measures, with three patients demonstrating roentgenographic improvement. Face mask CPAP proved to be a safe and effective method for treating hypoxemia associated with early progressive respiratory distress in alert, spontaneously breathing patients. PMID- 7035085 TI - Iatrogenic internal mammary artery-to-innominate vein fistula: percutaneous nonsurgical closure. PMID- 7035086 TI - High-frequency jet ventilation: theoretical considerations and clinical observations. AB - High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) described a technique of mechanical respiratory support based on the delivery of gases under conditions of constant flow and low pressure. Among the benefits ascribed to HFJV are lessened interference with hemodynamic function and reduced danger of barotrauma. The theoretical and technical aspects of HFJV are discussed and the clinical experience with 39 patients in respiratory failure reported. Synchronization of HFMV with heart rate was attempted in three patients. Cardiac output and ejection fraction increased in all of them. At present, results suggest that HFJV may be the ideal form of support for patients with major airway disruption. The available data also indicated that extensive clinical trials are warranted to define advantages and limits of this form of ventilation. PMID- 7035087 TI - Neonatal empyema caused by group B beta hemolytic streptococcus. PMID- 7035088 TI - Bactericidal activity of cefazolin, cefoxitin, and cefmetazole against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - The bactericidal activity of cefazolin, cefoxitin, and cefmetazole against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was investigated. The mean geometric minimum inhibition concentrations against 200 strains each of the test organisms were lowest for cefmetazole, followed by cefazolin and cefoxitin. The killing activity at 5 and 50 microgram/ml of cefazolin and cefmetazole was almost the same and was superior to that of cefoxitin. In the kinetic model under conditions simulating the serum levels of the two drugs in humans after intravenous injection (1 g), cefazolin was the strongest of the three drugs in bactericidal activity. The results indicate that the highest and most prolonged serum concentrations of cefazolin reflected the strong bactericidal activity and the longest inhibition period of bacterial regrowth. PMID- 7035089 TI - Quantitative analysis of beta-lactamase production of multiple resistance to beta lactam antibiotics in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. AB - A simple test of procedure is described for the rapid evaluation of beta lactamase substrate profiles against all the clinically important beta-lactam antibiotics. By use of this method 100 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli were classified into four beta-lactamase types: TEM-like, 35; chromosomal-like, 56; others, 3; beta-lactamase-less, 6 strains. They were tested for their susceptibilities to cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefamandole, cephalexin, cefazolin, cephaloridine, cephalothin, ampicillin, carbenicillin and kanamycin. The isolates of each of TEM-like and chromosomal-like beta-lactamase types showed a good correlation between the beta-lactamase activity and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined by the agar dilution method and the least square line analysis; MIC = ax + b, where x is enzyme activity, and a and b are constants. TEM-like beta-lactamase increased the resistance to ampicillin and carbenicillin markedly and that to cephalothin, cephaloridine and cefamandole moderately. In contrast, chromosomal-like beta-lactamase increased the resistance to ampicillin, cephalexin and cephalothin only slightly. PMID- 7035090 TI - Biophotometric comparison of cephalexin and cephradine against gram-positive bacteria. AB - We have compared the antibacterial activities of cephalexin and cephradine against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (Micrococcus spp. type III), and group B streptococci (35 strains in total), using the Biophotometer. Analysis of growth curves obtained in the presence of various concentrations of the antibiotics revealed little difference between the activities of the two cephalosporins. However, both antibiotics showed maximal activity at 8-16 microgram/ml, and increasing the concentration past this point resulted in a reduced antibacterial effect. Unlike the other species tested, streptococci were not lysed by cephalexin or cephradine. PMID- 7035091 TI - Significance of immunological methods for diagnosis of fungal disease. AB - In the diagnosis of classical systemic mycoses, as caused by Blastomyces dermatidis, Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, serodiagnostic procedures in conjunction with skin tests are of significant diagnostic and prognostic value. The diagnosis of aspergillus mycosis is facilitated greatly by serological tests and the same is true for recognition of cryptococcus mycosis by means of serological detection of the cryptococcal antigen. Great progress has also been made in the evaluation of Candida antibodies in patients' sera. PMID- 7035092 TI - Methyl methane-sulphonate (MMS) induced SCEs are reduced by the BrdU used to visualise them. AB - SCE induction in synchronised CHO cells treated with methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) in G1 was studied over successive pairs of cell cycles by introducing bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) at consecutive G1 stages. When individual cell cycle SCE values were calculated from the data, anomalous results were obtained with ratios of 1.0 : 1.8 : 2.1 for the first three cycles but a negative value for the fourth cycle. Further studies using different BrdU concentrations showed that MMS induced SCEs were reduced by values exceeding 50% in DNA containing high levels of incorporated BrdU. This reduction was dose dependent and accounted for the anomalous results obtained over successive cycles. Lesions leading to chromatid exchanges were also reduced by the same mechanism. SCEs induced by UV irradiation were also decreased but those induced by the cross-linking agent nitrogen mustard (HN2) remained unaffected. The results indicate that not only are SCE lesions induced by MMS, UV or HN2 expressed independently of the "spontaneous" SCEs induced by BrdU but that SCE lesions are multiple in nature. Mechanisms by which SCE lesions could be repaired in BrdU containing DNA are discussed. SCE lesions in MMS treated cells arrested in G1 with arginine deprived medium (ADM) are repaired without the presence of BrdU in the DNA. An opposite effect is seen however in the control cells, where SCEs are increased with time spent in ADM arrest. These interactions between the effects of MMS, BrdU and ADM arrest are discussed. PMID- 7035093 TI - Incisal index for immediate temporary fixed tooth replacement. PMID- 7035094 TI - Preprandial and postprandial variations of insulin sensitivity in different times of the day assessed by the artificial pancreas in type I diabetics. AB - The aim of this study is to see whether changes in insulin need and in sensitivity to exogenous insulin occur in insulin-dependent diabetics receiving 3 daily non-isocaloric meals (at 0630, 1200 and 1730). In 9 type I diabetics submitted to the artificial pancreas control the insulin administered/dietary carbohydrates index (I/C) after breakfast (2.4 +/- 0.5) was significantly higher than after lunch (0.8 +/- 0.1) and after supper (0.84 +/- 0.1) (p less than 0.01). A trend to the reduced insulin sensitivity in the morning was also observed in fasting periods, when it was calculated as the ratio between blood glucose and insulin administered (BG/I): differences of BG/I however were not significant. It was concluded that diurnal variations of insulin sensitivity do occur in type I diabetic subjects, with an increment of insulin requirement in the morning. PMID- 7035095 TI - [The application of immunofluorescence technic in glomerular diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035096 TI - [The effect of hyperthyroidism on carbohydrate metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035097 TI - Animal models of tinnitus. AB - There are few physiological data available on the origin and nature of tinnitus. It is not even known whether tinnitus associated with cochlear pathology is a manifestation of increased or decreased activity in the cochlear nerve. In previous investigations of cochlear pathology, the spontaneous neural activity has generally been found to be depressed. In the present experiments, an animal model has been established by the administration of sodium salicylate in doses producing blood concentrations that evoke tinnitus in humans. Under these conditions, changes occur in cochlear nerve-fibre thresholds and tuning, similar to those obtained in other types of cochlear pathology. However, under salicylate, the distribution of spontaneous discharge shifts significantly to higher rates than normal. These changes are accompanied in some, but not all, fibres by changes in the temporal patterns of discharge suggestive of excitation. In the second animal model studied, a normal guinea-pig that had a naturally occurring continuous tonal emission, analogous to that recently recorded in human "physiological" tinnitus, was investigated in detail. The emitted signal was recorded in the ear-canal acoustic pressure and in the round-window potential. Several lines of evidence point to the signal as being cochlear in origin, including: its resistance to muscular paralysis and section of the stapedius muscle; the effects of changes in middle-ear pressure; its reversible elimination by hypoxia; and its suppression by tones of higher frequency. PMID- 7035098 TI - Ototoxic drugs and noise. AB - Drugs that produce tinnitus can be subdivided into those which produce temporary or permanent hearing loss and those which apparently do not cause any hearing loss. The tinnitus occurring with drugs of the first group is probably secondary to the hearing loss. However, most of the drugs that produce tinnitus without an accompanying hearing loss probably do so because of their effect on biogenic amines in the central nervous system and/or as an extension of their proconvulsant side-effects. A pre-existing cochlear impairment is the underlying factor in most patients who experience tinnitus. Not only can ototoxic drugs or high levels of noise produce cochlear impairment but the interaction of the two can place humans in more jeopardy than when exposed to either agent alone. Chloramphenicol has little ototoxic potential when administered systemically in humans. However, our studies show that when chloramphenicol is combined with noise exposure in rats, considerably more cochlear damage results than from the noise alone (chloramphenicol alone does no produce any cochlear damage). We are presently conducting more detailed studies of this ototoxic interaction to determine whether it occurs with other antibiotics (such as erythromycin) which are also commonly considered to have minimal ototoxicity. PMID- 7035099 TI - Personality of the tinnitus patient. AB - Personality and coping mechanisms are related to patients' perceptions of their tinnitus. Although the occurrence of tinnitus is not unusual, its nature varies from infrequent, barely noticeable sound to an unrelenting, absorbing disturbance of critical significance. Tinnitus is a subjective complaint: the same level of tinnitus may be described by one patient as intolerable and by another as barely noticeable. Stress is intricately related to tinnitus: persons with severe tinnitus experience excessive stress. This has debilitating effects on their defences and coping can become very difficult. Patients may demonstrate a cluster of hysterical defences or a serious degree of depression. Many tinnitus patients focus on their problem, objectifying it and thus intensifying the disturbance. Most tinnitus patients can be helped by psychological intervention. A small percentage of tinnitus patients can be classified as disturbed, with borderline personalities. These patients are usually not suitable for therapy or biofeedback training. Tinnitus can be stress-related disorder. As a person is faced with conflict, physiological changes occur as a result of the "fight or flight" reaction. This state of stress can be responsible for the onset or exacerbation of a tinnitus episode. Treatment by management of stress can be successful, promoting relief through a shift of focus, repose from a state of tension, and support of constructive defences. PMID- 7035100 TI - Physiologically active cochlear micromechanics--one source of tinnitus. AB - Spontaneous oscillatory vibrations within the cochlea exist in many normal ears and can become audible, providing one source of mild tonal tinnitus. These vibrations have been studied experimentally using an acoustic ear-canal recording technique. The spontaneous oscillations are directly related to stimulated acoustic emissions (cochlear echoes). They arise because of the development of strong cochlear resonances by a feedback process. With the aid of cochlear resonance theory the bandwidths of spontaneous cochlear mechanical activity can be used to determine intracochlear broad-band noise levels. Ways of modifying cochlear mechanical activity have been explored. Activity can be increased or decreased by changes in middle-ear mobility or by brief overstimulation. In the latter case a biphasic recovery cycle has been identified which also seems to be relevant to temporary noise-induced tinnitus and temporary threshold shift. Tinnitus due to spontaneous cochlear vibrations is here called cochlear mechanical tinnitus. Identification criteria are given for such tinnitus involving cochlear mechanical resonance. This form is mild and likely to be found in normally hearing people with tinnitus and in those with only middle-ear disorders. It is speculated that localized oscillation of mechanically isolated cochlear elements could induce much higher levels of tinnitus without producing any externally detectable vibration. PMID- 7035101 TI - Acoustic correlates of tonal tinnitus. AB - A sensitive microphone has been developed which can pick up tonal signals (spontaneous acoustic emissions) in the sealed ear-canal of certain subjects. Various properties of these frequency components suggest that they arise from an active, frequency-selective self-limiting feedback process within the cochlea and that they rely on internal reflection from the middle ear. An external tone can synchronize, frequency-lock, suppress of frequency-shift the acoustic component. These interactions are frequency-dependent in a way suggestive of cochlear tuning properties. Positive or negative middle-ear pressure can also influence the components by increasing their frequency and in some cases can enhance one component at the expense of a neighbouring one. Some subjects hear these components as tinnitus and can report on the measured changes. Other subjects do not hear the measured signals, which otherwise behave similarly. A third group of subjects have tinnitus but no objective sound can be detected. In this last group there are, nevertheless, sometimes notches or other discontinuities in the audiogram which correspond to their tinnitus pitch-matches. It appears likely that the recordable type of tinnitus is essentially non-pathological and represents hypersensitivity of the system, whereas the non-recordable type might be associated with local pathological changes at the end-organ or more centrally. PMID- 7035102 TI - Phagocytic activity of peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with Hodgkin's disease. AB - On the basis of a simple examination of the phagocytic activity of leukocytes of the peripheral blood., with the help of the yeast cells Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we determined the functional ability of leukocytes in untreated patients with the Hodgkin's disease, in the course of the primary chemotherapy, during the complete remission and in the relapse of the disease. In all the periods we found only changes in the absolute number of phagocytic cells, corresponding to the changes in the leukocyte count (increased numbers in untreated patients and in relapse, decreased number in the course of the chemotherapy). The value of the phagocytic and activity indices in untreated patients were only moderately reduced. In the course of chemotherapy there was a more remarkable drop of the phagocytic activity only in the first half of the treatment series. In the complete remission the phagocytic activity values were normal. We did not observe significant differences between clinical stages of the Hodgkin's disease in any group. Our results correspond to the clinical course of the disease (absence of infectious complications) in the patients followed. The presented conclusions do not concern bactericidal ability of leukocytes, which is not reflected by the test method used. The test described here does not provide more data for monitoring the clinical course and chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease than do routine examinations of the erythrocyte sedimentation and white blood count. PMID- 7035103 TI - Urologic complications after renal transplantation. PMID- 7035104 TI - Optical diffraction as a tool for semiautomatic, quantitative analysis of tissue specimens. AB - Optical diffraction was tested on electron micrographs of normal and malformed myelin sheaths as a method for semiautomatic quantitative analysis of tissue specimens. Both normal and malformed myelin sheaths were chosen for the analysis because of their characteristic internal structure and its alteration as a result of malformation. Optical diffraction patterns were obtained by means of an optical diffractometer coupled with a digital detector. The spacing and arrangement of the components of various types of myelin sheath were automatically calculated and determined and the results were verified with discriminant analysis. Out of 27 parameters of the radial and out of 25 parameters of the angular distributions of diffracted light intensity, 6 and 11, respectively, were found to have good discriminative power and were used for classification of myelin sheaths. The accuracy of automatic classification was tested by comparison with myelin sheath types of known origin. The samples visually similar by their appearance, e.g. control and regenerating myelin sheaths, were automatically classified with accuracy of 69%, whereas others were classified appropriately with 88-100% accuracy. It is believed that this kind of analysis may successfully be applied for specimens of other tissues and/or organs. PMID- 7035105 TI - Applications of flow cytometry on bacteria: cell cycle kinetics, drug effects, and quantitation of antibody binding. PMID- 7035106 TI - Technique for placement of distal purse string. PMID- 7035107 TI - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Owen Harding Wangensteen 1899 1981. PMID- 7035108 TI - A double-blind comparison of meglumine iotroxate (Biliscopin) and meglumine iodoxamate (Cholovue). AB - A double-blind comparison of two recently introduced cholangiocholecystographic agents was carried out in 80 patients. Both agents proved to be equally effective in opacifying the gall-bladder and the bile ducts. The visualization of the bile ducts after cholecystectomy was slightly better after meglumine iotroxate administration. Both agents showed evidence of hepatic toxicity in mild or moderate degree. However, there were 3 cases in which adverse hepatotoxic reactions t meglumine iodoxamate have been observed. Careful observation of patients receiving this drug is advised. PMID- 7035109 TI - Peptic ulcer. PMID- 7035110 TI - Myopic astigmatism a substitute for accommodation in pseudophakia. AB - The power of an intraocular lens can be calculated before surgery to make the eye emmetropic or ametropic. The physiological mechanism of accommodation however, cannot be restored with an inelastic lens. An increased depth of focus in the implanted eye can be predicted through optical principles alone, if the postoperative ametropia of the implanted eye is a simple myopic astigmatism. This increased depth of focus without accommodation was tested in artificial ametropia and found to be used in nature by the seal. To increase the precision of intraocular lens calculation the average change in corneal power induced at surgery is used to predict the postoperative corneal power. By controlled suture release in the postoperative phase, the amount of induced corneal astigmatism is adjusted to obtain a simple myopic astigmatism. Patients with an intraocular lens and a simple myopic astigmatism as a residual ametropia, are spectacle independent most of the time. They need their glasses only for driving or prolonged reading. The methods used to calculate the postoperative cornea, the postoperative anterior chamber depth and the intraocular lens are described with the corresponding calculator programs for the HP 41C calculator. Clinical results and measurements of the depth of focus are shown in a series of 50 successive implant cases. PMID- 7035112 TI - Three-dimensional subgross morphology of the human endometrium. AB - A method is described for subgross, structural assessment of endometrial configuration. Human uteri from autopsy and surgical pathology were preserved in formalin and sectioned at 1-mm intervals. A procedure for staining, dehydration, and clearing was developed to achieve three-dimensional resolution of endometrial morphology. Processed specimens were sealed in translucent heavy plastic bags for the purpose of storage, easy manipulation under the dissecting microscope, and for photographic documentation. For simultaneous comparison with standard histological preparations, selected areas of sealed specimens were punched-out and paraffin sections made. This simple method can easily be applied to the future investigation and classification of focal premalignant, dysplastic, anaplastic, and atypical changes in the endometrium. The significance of this approach and its possible application to specimens obtained at dilatation and curettage is discussed. PMID- 7035111 TI - The Wagner-Stickler syndrome complex. AB - The Wagner's vitreoretinal degeneration is a condition characterized by myopia, cataract, optically empty vitreous cavity and retinal breaks leading to retinal detachments with poor surgical prognosis. Several extraocular manifestations were reported to be associated with these eye findings and various syndromes were delineated describing sensorineural deafness, orofacial anomalies and skeletal dysplasias. There is enough evidence to suggest that this condition results from a phenotypic variability of genic origin, transmitted as an irregular autosomal dominant trait. In the absence of knowledge about the primary gene defect, the problems in nosology emphasize the difficulty in distinguishing genetic heterogeneity from variable gene expression. In view of the great deal of similarity between all these syndromes with vitreoretinal degeneration it is suggested that all these entities represent the extremes of the same disease spectrum forming parts of a continuum. PMID- 7035113 TI - Gestational choriocarcinoma of the fallopian tube. AB - Review of a world literature of 93 reported cases of choriocarcinoma primary in the fallopian tube yields 58 acceptable cases, to which 18 are added from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Patients ranged from 16 to 56 years old, with a mean age of 33. About 66% presented with acute symptoms consistent with banal ectopic pregnancy. The remainder usually presented with a gradually expanding adnexal mass clinically indistinguishable from an ovarian tumor. Grossly, the tumor is usually a hemorrhagic friable mass, occasionally containing spongy tissue resembling placenta. Smaller tubal choriocarcinomas are difficult to distinguish on gross inspection from common ectopic pregnancy, ruptured or not. Histopathological features and distribution of metastases are similar to gestational choriocarcinoma arising in the uterus. Chorionic villi were found in two cases, an uncommon observation in primary uterine choriocarcinoma. Of 47 acceptable cases treated prior to modern chemotherapy, 41 died, a mortality of 87%. Of 16 cases treated with modern chemotherapy, 15 survive, a salvage of 94%. Five cases in the world literature, plus three in the present series, were cured by unilateral salpingectomy or salpingo-oophorectomy alone. PMID- 7035114 TI - Immunity and nutrition in heroin addicts. AB - An immunological and nutritional survey was conducted on 16 heroin addicts and 16 control subjects matched for age and sex. Skin testing showed none of the addicts to be anergic. Three of four individuals who had positive purified protein derivative (PPD) skin tests failed to produce leucocyte migration inhibition factor (LMIF) to PPD in vitro; in contrast, four of five PPD skin test positive controls produced LMIF. A relative lymphocytosis was found in the heroin addicts although the percentage of 'T' lymphocytes (E-rosetting techniques) was similar to that of the control population. A significant elevation of serum IgG and IgM (p less than 0.0005) was present. Although none of the addicts studied were nutritionally deficient, the serum vitamin C, B6 and albumin levels were significantly lower than in the controls. Elevation of serum aminotransferase values occurred in half the patients, but there was no correlation with presence of serum markers of hepatitis B infection or absent LMIF production. The results suggest that heroin addicts are capable of responding to antigens when their nutritional status in normal, despite the presence of liver enzyme abnormalities. PMID- 7035115 TI - [Clinical experience with human insulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035116 TI - [Pseudotumors and other drug reactions caused by not declared additional substances]. PMID- 7035117 TI - [Pseudo-tumour after injections of procaine-polyvinylpyrrolidone (author's transl)]. AB - In a 67-year-old woman a tumour-like swelling developed at the site of repeated bilateral injections of procaine solution with polyvinylpyrrolidone as an additive. The histological picture of the removed tumour showed striking similarities to a malignant histiocytic tumour. The diagnosis was histiocytic inflammation due to polyvinylpyrrolidone storage. Retention of polyvinylpyrrolidone increases with increasing molecular weight and is dependent of the form of application. Treatment consists of removal of the storage focus, because polyvinylpyrrolidone maintains foreign-body reaction and absorption and storage in internal organs may cause further complications. Injectable drugs should not be used with polyvinylpyrrolidone as depot-carrier. PMID- 7035118 TI - [Interference in platelet-fibrinogen system for prevention and therapy of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7035119 TI - [Methods and significance of diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies]. PMID- 7035120 TI - [Insulin plus sulfonyl urea--a(n) (im)possible combination?]. PMID- 7035121 TI - [Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia]. PMID- 7035122 TI - [Intestine-associated immune system. Local immune response--systemic tolerance]. PMID- 7035124 TI - Cell surface proteins of differentiating rat cerebellar cells maintained in dispersed cell culture. AB - The complement of cell surface proteins of differentiating rat cerebellar neurons maintained in dispersed cell cultures was evaluated by the combined methods of lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination and miniature sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Pure neuronal cell samples were obtained by direct dissection of such cells from the surfaces of the culture vessels. The electrophoretic profiles of cell surface proteins (CSP) from neurons maintained for 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days in vitro (DIV) were compared. It could be seen that while the pattern was relatively constant between 7 and 28 DIV, several differences existed between profiles from 1 and 7 DIV. The earliest stage was characterized by a prominent polypeptide triplet having molecular weight of approximately 48,000, 56,000 and 71,000 daltons. Later stages of development (7 28 DIV) were characterized by a greater number of high molecular weight surface polypeptides relative to the earliest stage. Comparison of electrophoretic profiles of CSPs of neurons and nonneuronal cells indicated that a number of polypeptides were not shared by these classes of cells. PMID- 7035125 TI - Developmental changes in the distribution of S-100 in avian neural retina. AB - Localization of S-100 in cells of embryonic and mature chick neural retina was studied by immunostaining of tissue sections with antiserum to S-100 and indirect immunofluorescence. Immunostaining was found to be localized predominantly in the neurons. In embryonic retina, the intensity of immunostaining increased transiently in each class of neurons at the time when they were undergoing organization within their stratum. Late embryonic and mature retina reacted weakly with the antiserum, with the exception of certain 'giant' ganglion cells that immunostained intensely. Muller cells, the only kind of glia cells in the chicken transiently in each class of neurons at the time when they were undergoing organization within their stratum. Late embryonic and mature retina reacted weakly with the antiserum, with the exception of certain 'giant' ganglion cells that immunostained intensely. Muller cells, the only kind of glia cells in the chicken transiently in each class of neurons at the time when they were undergoing organization within their stratum. Late embryonic and mature retina reacted weakly with the antiserum, with the exception of certain 'giant' ganglion cells that immunostained intensely. Muller cells, the only kind of glia cells in the chicken retina, did not react prominently with the antiserum at any of the stages examined and could not be discerned by immunostaining either in embryonic or in mature retina. The results indicate that in chick neural retina S-100 is found predominantly in neurons, and it increases and declines in different subpopulations of neurons coordinately with changes in the development and maturation if this tissue. PMID- 7035126 TI - Glial fibrillary acidic protein. A cellular marker of tanycytes in the mouse hypothalamus. AB - The differentiation of tanycytes during development of the mouse hypothalamus has been followed by immunohistochemistry with a GFA protein antiserum. Radially oriented processes of the tanycytes were stained with GFA antiserum in the ventral and the dorsal lining of the third ventricle in the mouse neonate and at later ages. Typical astrocytes in the hypothalamus could not be visualized before 16-20 days postnatally. These results indicate that tanycytes, which acquire their final position early in embryonic development, exhibit a structural feature of fully differentiated astrocytes early in postnatal development. PMID- 7035127 TI - [Rapid diagnosis of viral diseases]. PMID- 7035128 TI - [Is insulin atherogenic?]. PMID- 7035130 TI - Modified plaster of paris for constructing prosthetic and orthodontic models. PMID- 7035129 TI - Medium fusing porcelain with non-precious dental alloy. PMID- 7035131 TI - Subcutaneous implantation of homogenous and autogenous bone grafts within diffusion chambers in rats. PMID- 7035132 TI - The effect of fixed prosthodontics on cervicular tissue fluid. PMID- 7035133 TI - Scanning electron microscope study of the effect of four different etchants on the enamel surfaces. PMID- 7035134 TI - [Differential diagnostic possibilities of the liver and bile duct cysts (author's transl)]. AB - The authors examined the diagnostical possibilities of the liver and bile duct cysts with different origin. On the base of the literature and own experiences surveyed the specific signs and the diagnostic value of peritoneoscopy, liver biopsy, scintigraphy, angiography, gray-scale ultrasonography, ERCP and PTC in the hepato-biliary cysts. GSU is the most suitable method to demonstrate the cystous character, but the connection with the biliary tract can be verified by ERCP. Peritoneoscopy is the best procedure in the diagnosis of the polycystic liver; the congenital liver fibrosis can be recognized by biopsy, only. The hepato-biliary cysts can be separated preoperative with the parallel adoption of these methods, in the majority of cases. PMID- 7035123 TI - Analgesic nephropathy: a reassessment of the role of phenacetin and other analgesics. PMID- 7035135 TI - [Heterogeneity of antimitochondrial antibodies: evidence for antigens in the mitochondrial matrix and outer membranes (author's transl)]. AB - Human sera of patients with liver diseases (n = 7) and with systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 1) containing different antimitochondrial and other antibodies detected by immunofluorescence were reexamined after absorption with various subcellular mitochondrial fractions (whole extract, enriched inner and outer membranes, matrix, respectively). The findings were compared with those of the complement binding tests. The results suggest, that the antimitochondrial antibodies are directed against different antigens localized in the inner as well as in the outer membranes, in the matrix, and in other compartments of mitochondria, especially antibodies of type 4, 5, 7 and 8. PMID- 7035136 TI - [Histological changes in the murine kidney in experimental hematogenic pyelonephritis from E. coli strains isolated from different sources]. PMID- 7035137 TI - [Present trends in biological psychiatry research on psychoses (author's transl)]. AB - Most of the present biological hypothesis postulate biogenic amines disorders in schizophrenia: transmethylation and dopaminergic theory. Other systems which can modulate this neuro-transmitter, specially in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, may be concerned: nor-epinephrine, serotonin or endorphins. A dysfunction in arousal and cerebral dominance has been described by the quantitative electroencephalography. Other electrophysiological studies are consistent with these results; they indicate an impairment of the level of arousal to which the disorders of attention and adaptation could be related. In affective psychoses the major hypothesis bear on norepinephrine or serotonin disorders. But other substances may have a role: acetylcholine and dopamine as well as electrolytic modifications of cell membranes or immunological or neuroendocrine disturbances. This biological and physiological fundamental research has numerous practical consequences as the discovery of compounds with a more specific effect, the research of biological and biochemical diagnostic indices, or the drawing up of biological indices for neuroleptics, antidepressants or lithium sensitivity. PMID- 7035138 TI - Estrogen stimulation of 3-o-methyl-D-glucose uptake in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - The effect of in vivo and in vitro estrogen treatment on 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (30MDG) uptake in isolated rat hepatocytes was examined. A 1-h preincubation of isolated hepatocytes with 17 beta-estradiol (E2) or 17 alpha-ethynyl estradiol stimulated uptake of 30MDG in a dose-dependent fashion. The response appeared to be sterospecific, in that 17 alpha-estradiol was approximately 100-fold less effective than its 17 beta isomer. By itself, the triarylethylene antiestrogen, nafoxidine, slightly increased hepatocyte 30MDG uptake, while in combination with estrogen, nafoxidine completely blocked the effects of both E2 and 17 alpha ethynyl estradiol. The protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, inhibited basal 30MDG uptake and abolished the stimulatory effect of estrogen. Kinetic analysis indicated that the estrogen effect resulted from an increase in the Vmax of the 30MDG transport system, with no measurable change in its Km. In vivo estrogen treatment, using either estrogen injections or continuous release Silastic E2 capsules, produced an increase in hepatocyte 30MDG uptake of 52-86%. A similar (66%) increase was seen in pregnant animals between the 14th and 19th days of gestation. These findings demonstrate that estrogens exert a rapid stimulatory effect on hepatocyte hexose transport. This effect is qualitatively similar to the response to estrogen of the hexose transport systems in other estrogen target tissues, such as the uterus. In addition, the results provide further support for the concept that the effects of the triarylethylene antiestrogens are both tissue and end-point dependent. Although previous studies have shown that nafoxidine exerts estrogen-like effects on hepatic renin substrate production, the present data indicate that, with respect to hepatocyte 30MDG, nafoxidine is almost a pure estrogen antagonist. PMID- 7035139 TI - Interaction of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and antagonist with progesterone, prolactin, or human chorionic gonadotropin during pregnancy in the rat. AB - Two GnRH analogs, one agonist and one antagonist, have been administered to pregnant female rats with or without concomitant treatments with progesterone (Po), PRL, or hCG. During the first week of gestation, Po was consistently capable of totally reversing the deleterious effect of the agonist, while PRL and hCG were slightly less effective. During the second week of pregnancy, only Po and hCG were effective. When the antagonist was injected during either the first or second week after mating, both Po and hCG could prevent the abortifacient action of the analog, while PRL was without effect. These data suggest that the antigestational properties of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists are at least partially mediated through inhibition of PRL secretion, while those of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists do not appear to be. Additionally, hCG as well as Po proved capable of counteracting the antigonadal effects of both classes of analogs. PMID- 7035140 TI - Insulin radioreceptor assay on murine splenic leukocytes and peripheral erythrocytes. AB - Insulin radioreceptor assays were developed using splenic leukocytes and peripheral erythrocytes from individual mice. Splenic leukocytes were prepared using an NH4Cl buffer which did not alter insulin binding, but gave much higher yields than density gradient methods. Mouse erythrocytes were isolated from heparinized blood by three passages over a Boyum gradient, and a similar buffer was used to separate cells from free [125I]iodoinsulin at the end of the binding incubation. Insulin binding to both splenic leukocytes and peripheral erythrocytes had typical pH, temperature, and time dependencies, and increased linearly with an increased number of cells. Optimal conditions for the splenic leukocytes (6 X 10(7)/ml) consisted of incubation with [125I]iodoinsulin at 15 C for 2 h in Hepes buffer, pH 8.0. In cells from 20 individual mice, the specific [125I]iodoinsulin binding was 2.6 +/- 0.1% (SEM), and nonspecific binding was 0.3 +/- 0.04% (10.6% of total binding). Erythrocytes (2.8 X 10(9)/ml) were incubated with [125I]iodoinsulin at 15 C for 2 h in Hepes buffer, pH 8.2. In cells from 25 individual mice, the specific [125I]iodoinsulin binding was 4.5 +/- 0.2%, and nonspecific binding was 0.7 +/- 0.03% (13.6% of total binding). In both splenic leukocytes and peripheral erythrocytes, analysis of equilibrium binding data produced curvilinear Scatchard plots with approximately 3500 binding sites/leukocyte and 20 binding sites/erythrocyte. These data demonstrate that adequate numbers of splenic leukocytes and peripheral erythrocytes can be obtained from individual mice to study insulin binding in a precise and reproducible manner. This should facilitate direct comparisons of these cells with classical target cells in a variety of mouse model diseases. PMID- 7035141 TI - The mechanism of insulin-induced hypercalcemia in the chick. PMID- 7035142 TI - Measurement of somatomedin-related peptides in fetal, neonatal, and maternal rat serum by insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I radioimmunoassay, IGF-II radioreceptor assay (RRA), and multiplication-stimulating activity RRA after acid ethanol extraction. AB - Previous measurements of somatomedins (Sms) and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in maternal and fetal serum have yielded contradictory results. We have, therefore, measured maternal, fetal, and neonatal rat serum with two highly specific assays: 1) IGF-I/Sm-C RiA and 2) a highly specific IGF-II/rat placental membrane radioreceptor assay (RRA). In addition, we have made measurements with a less specific multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA)-rat placental membrane RRA. To avoid possible serious artifacts created by Sm-binding proteins, preliminary acid-ethanol extraction of serum was performed. Results are expressed in terms of a reference human serum with an assigned potency of 1 U/ml. Maternal RIA IGF-I fluctuated between 1.1-1.4 U/ml from the 17th day of pregnancy to the 25th day after delivery (nonpregnant rat serum pool, 1.25 +/- 0.22 U/ml). On day 21 of gestation, fetal serum radioimmunoassayable IGF-I was 1.03 +/- 0.03 U/ml. After birth, radioimmunoassayable IGF-I fell and reached .19 +/- 0.03 U/ml at 18 days of age, but rose to 0.71 +/- 0.04 U/ml at 25 days of age. At term, maternal radioreceptor assayable IGF-II was 2.18 +/- 0.27 U/ml (nonpregnant female pool, 1.4 +/- 0.12). By the 25th postpartum day, radioreceptor assayable IGF-II was 1.39 +/- 0.12 U/ml. Radioreceptor assayable IGF-II in fetal serum on day 19 was 3.26 +/- 0.48 U/ml and rose to 5.37 +/- 0.66 U/ml on the day of delivery. A further rise to 8.92 +/- 1.03 occurred on day 5. A subsequent fall to 2.41 +/- 0.05 U/ml was observed on day 25. The patterns of results of the MSA RRA in fetal and neonatal rat serum were similar to that obtained with the IGF-II RRA. We now conclude that radioimmunoassayable IGF-I is present in higher concentrations than previously reported in term fetal rat serum and that radioreceptor assayable IGF II is selectively elevated in rat fetal and neonatal life and may have unique metabolic and growth-promoting significance.U PMID- 7035143 TI - Hypothalamic protein synthesis essential for the activation of the lordosis reflex in the female rat. PMID- 7035144 TI - Effect of rat hypothalamic extract administration on insulin secretion in vivo. AB - Supernatants obtained from extracts of both the ventrolateral (VLH) and ventromedial (VMH) hypothalamus of normal rats were found to promote insulin secretion when injected in vivo to normal rats. Catecholamines, acetylcholine, and enkephalins can be excluded as potential candidates in producing the effects of VLH extract administration, since pretreatment of recipient rats with their respective specific blockers (i.e. phentolamine, propranolol, atropine, and naloxone) did not prevent the increase in plasma insulin levels observed after the injection of VLH extracts. In contrast, atropine and propranolol reduced by about 50% the rise in plasma insulin levels that followed the injection of VMH extracts. When extracts of VLH or VMH were partially purified, the insulin releasing activity was found to correspond, in both cases, to compounds of low molecular weight (i.e. 3600 or lower). Furthermore, digestion of partially purified VLH extracts with trypsin or collagenase markedly decreased their in vivo insulin-promoting activity, suggesting a possible polypeptidic nature of the factor(s) involved. The presence of hypothalamic factor(s), which may conceivably be involved in physiological regulation of insulin secretion, is therefore suggested. This is in keeping with analogous results obtained by other laboratories using different species and experimental conditions. PMID- 7035145 TI - The role of prostaglandins in diabetes insipidus produced by desoxycorticosterone in the dog. AB - To determine the role of renal prostaglandins (PGs) in the renal response to desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA), dogs were studied on a constant diet in which sodium intake was restricted (2.5 meq/day) or high (115 meq/day). On the restricted sodium intake, DOCA (25 mg/day im for 6 days) did not affect urinary volume, sodium, potassium, PGE2, or PGF2 alpha. On the high sodium intake, DOCA produced sodium retention for 1 day and a sustained increase in urinary potassium with a fall in serum potassium to 3.1 meq/liter. Urine volume increased from 574 +/- 50 to 1726 +/- 177 ml/day (P less than 0.001) with a fall in urinary osmolality from 1545 +/- 122 to 495 +/- 55 mosmol/ liter (P less than 0.001) as serum sodium increased from 149.0 +/- 1.0 to 152.5 +/- 0.3 meq/liter (P less than 0.025) by the sixth day of DOCA. Urinary PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were unchanged during the first 2 days of DOCA, then increased progressively from control values of 261 +/- 60 and 1143 +/- 144 ng/day ng/day, respectively, to 730 +/- 62 (P less than 0.005) and 3013 +/- 479 ng/day (P less than 0.01), respectively. Potassium repletion during continued DOCA treatment restored urinary volume, osmolality, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, and serum sodium to control values. Treatment with indomethacin during DOCA-induced hypokalemia, polyuria, hypernatremia, and increased urinary PG, restored urinary PGs to control values, and corrected the polyuria and hypernatremia without a change in serum potassium. Thus, DOCA produced potassium depletion, polyuria, increased urinary PGs, and hypernatremia in dogs on a high sodium intake but not in those on a restricted sodium intake. As polyuria and hypernatremia were corrected either by potassium repletion, which corrected the supranormal renal synthesis of PGs, or by indomethacin, which inhibited their synthesis, renal water loss was presumably the result of an increase in renal PG synthesis, probably stimulated by potassium depletion. PMID- 7035146 TI - Regulation of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 1-hydroxylase in serum-free monolayer culture of mouse kidney. AB - Primary monolayer cultures of cells from normal mouse kidney were initiated and maintained in serum-free medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin and prostaglandin E1. Renal epithelial cells grow to confluence without detectable growth of fibroblasts. These cells contain an active 25(OH)D3 1-hydroxylase with half-maximal formation of 1,25(OH)2D3 achieved at a substrate concentration of 13.3 nM. Activity of this enzyme is increased by low calcium medium or parathyroid hormone and decreased by high calcium medium, high phosphate medium or 1,25(OH)2D3. PMID- 7035147 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of a progesterone-inducible protein (avidin) in the chick oviduct mucosa. AB - Avidin, a specific progesterone inducible protein, was localized in the oviduct magnum mucosa of chicks treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) or DES plus progesterone, using ultrastructural immunoperoxidase techniques. Diffusion technique and the double or triple layer peroxidase staining method were applied. The results obtained by immunoelectron microscopic peroxidase techniques with high resolution power indicated that progesterone stimulation in the DES-treated chicks resulted in avidin production in the goblet cells of the oviduct epithelium. The sensitive-antiperoxidase staining method revealed a slight avidin production in many goblet cells of chicks treated with only DES. This method also showed some avidin-positive ciliated epithelial cells in chicks treated with progesterone. This results suggest that some ciliated epithelial cells may have functional or metabolic properties characteristic of secretory goblet cells. PMID- 7035148 TI - Characterization of the hepatic receptor for insulin in the perinatal rat. PMID- 7035149 TI - Neonatal monosodium glutamate treatment alters the response of median eminence luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone nerve terminals to potassium and prostaglandin E2. PMID- 7035150 TI - Steroid production in testicular tissue of the European eel. AB - Testicular tissue of normal and hCG-stimulated European eels was incubated in vitro with tritiated progesterone or androstenedione as substrates. The following compounds were isolated and identified: 5 beta-androstane-3,17-dione; 17 beta hydroxy-5 beta-androstan-3-one; androst-4-ene-3,11,17-trione (adrenosterone); 11 beta-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione; 11 beta-hydroxytestosterone; 3 alpha,11 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17-one, and an additional steroid for which the oxidation product was identified as 5 beta-androstene-3,11,17-trione. Four of these steroids have not been hitherto identified in gonadal tissue of any vertebrate. The pattern of steroid production in this tissue is unique for its 5 beta-reduction, for the appearance of adrenosterone as a major metabolite, and for the lack of production of 11-ketotestosterone, which is a regular metabolite of gonadal tissue of teleosts. Thus, it appears that steroid metabolism in the eel testis deviates considerably from the known pattern of steroid production in gonads of other vertebrates. PMID- 7035151 TI - Insulin binding and response to insulin of adipocytes from thyroxine-treated rats. AB - Insulin binding to isolated fat cells from rats rendered hyperthyroid by daily injections of T4 (1 mg/kg) for 5 days was approximately doubled. The Scatchard curves reflected a large increase in receptor number, as well as an elevation in affinity of the high affinity binding sites. The response to insulin of the fat cells, however, was not increased accordingly: glucose incorporation into lipid in the presence of insulin did not differ significantly from that observed in the control group, whereas the effect of insulin on the lipolytic response to isoprenaline (isoproterenol) was even reduced in the T4-treated animals. T4 treatment had thus dissociated insulin binding from the metabolic effects of insulin, since the increase in membrane receptors was not paralleled by an enhanced effect of the hormone. Since levels of serum insulin were increased in the treated animals, the increase in number of insulin receptors was not mediated by reduced exposure to insulin. Propranolol failed to fully antagonize the effect of T4 on insulin binding, and reserpine treatment even enhanced it. It seems unlikely, therefore, that the increase in insulin receptors of adipocytes results from an augmented response to endogenous catecholamines in T4-treated rats. PMID- 7035152 TI - Regulation of mouse submaxillary gland renin by thyroxine. PMID- 7035153 TI - Prophylactic endoscopic sclerosing treatment of the esophageal wall in varices -- a prospective controlled randomized trial. AB - From January 1, 1978 to January 1, 1980 a controlled randomized trial comparing conservative treatment with prophylactic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices prior to hemorrhage was carried out. In all 71 patients liver cirrhosis was histologically confirmed. The two randomly assigned groups were comparable. Indications of endoscopic treatment were the existence of varices III-IV bearing erosions, varices II-IV without erosions but coagulation factors below 30%, or both. Six patients left the trial. In group Ia -- treatment by conservative means -- a high rate of variceal bleeding and death was observed. Comparing these results with those of group Ib treated by sclerotherapy, bleeding and death rates were found to be highly significantly lower. -- Thus the investigated criteria for predicting a recent variceal hemorrhage are confirmed. Prophylactic sclerotherapy in esophageal varices with erosions and/or poor coagulation reserve of the liver can largely prevent an esophageal hemorrhage from varices, and prolongs the life of these chronically ill patients. PMID- 7035154 TI - Anticonvulsant drugs determined by EMIT in spiked brain samples: a correlation with HPLC values. AB - Phenobarbital (PB), diphenylhydantoin (PHT) and carbamazepine (CBZ) levels were determined in spiked rat brain homogenates by means of the EMIT assay, and these were compared with results obtained by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The extraction procedure of the three drugs was identical for both methods, with minor modifications for EMIT (no addition of internal standard; reconstitution with the buffer used in routine plasma level analysis). Correlation coefficients between the data obtained by EMIT and HPLC were extremely good (PB, 0.90-0.98; PHT, 0.92-0.98; CBZ, 0.93-0.99). The results indicate that the EMIT system can detect PB, PHT, and CBZ in brain tissue with good accuracy, although HPLC remains the most accurate and proven method available for research purposes. PMID- 7035155 TI - Brain uptake of carbamazepine in the cat. AB - Carbamazepine (CBZ) was determined by EMIT assay in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain samples of cats after administration of the drug (40 mg/kg, i.p.). Plasma and CSF levels increase in a parallel manner from time 0 to 90 min after completion of injection, indicating a passive transport from one body fluid to the other. Brain levels reach a steady state at 15 min, with no significant difference being found between the concentrations at 15, 30, 60, and 90 min postinjection; this indicates that substantial early binding occurs in the brain. Since peak CSF concentrations occur at 90 min, concomitant with those for plasma, while brain levels are already high at 15 min, it is likely that CBZ enters the two compartments by independent mechanisms. PMID- 7035156 TI - Effects of epoxide hydratase inhibitors in forward and reversion bacterial mutagenesis assay systems. PMID- 7035157 TI - Bacterial mutagenesis: review of new insights. PMID- 7035158 TI - Mutagenicity of 2- and 3-carbon halogenated compounds in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome test. AB - Short-chain, 2- and 3- carbon halogenated hydrocarbons were tested for mutagenicity for Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 100 both with and without the presence of S-9. Without exception, all brominated derivatives were more mutagenic than the chlorinated derivatives, usually by a substantial order of magnitude. 2-Fluoroethanol, the only fluorinated compound tested, showed little or no mutagenic activity up to 100 micromole per plate concentration. Two highly purified propane derivatives containing a halogen atom on each of the three carbons showed little or no direct mutagenic activity. A third trihalogenated compound with a halogen atom on each carbon atom showed some direct mutagenic activity, probably due to impurities. However, all three trihalogenated compounds were highly active mutagens following S-9 activation. The presence of a double bond in the case of 1, 2, 3-trichloropropene resulted in a higher level of direct mutagenic activity than 1, 2, 3-trichloropropane, but activation with S-9 resulted in a further increase in mutagenic activity with the former compound. On the other hand, S-9 caused a substantial decrease in mutagenic activity of most compounds containing a double bond. With the presence of an alcoholic group in a compound, the addition of S-9 caused variable responses, increasing the number of his+ revertant colonies due to 2, 3-dibromopropanol but had little or no effect with five other compounds containing an alcoholic group. Evidence is also presented that the position of a double bond in relation to the halogen atoms may influence mutagenic activity. PMID- 7035159 TI - I. Bacterial mutagenicity of particulates from Houston air. AB - This study was designed to examine suspended air particulates from the Houston atmosphere, Airborne particulates were collected using either a hi-vol sampler (one stage from 0.01 to 25 micrometer) or an Anderson Cascade Impactor, the five stages of which roughly resemble the human respiratory tract. After organic extraction, the Ames assay was used to determine the mutagenic content of extracts, and the ability to induce prophage was assessed. Also DNA-repair deficient cells were employed to see if the extracts caused DNA damage and what portion of the premutational lesions was repaired in normal cells. Results indicate that extracts of particulates from Houston air cause a significant number of mutations in bacteria and that the highest frequency of reversions is associated with the smallest particulates. An excision repair system is operative in bacteria which is able to assuage damage done to DNA by these extracts. The extracts did not cause prophage induction. PMID- 7035160 TI - II. Comparative extraction of Houston Air Particulates with cyclohexane or a mixture of benzene, methanol, and dichloromethane. PMID- 7035161 TI - Meeting report: second European workshop on bacterial in vitro mutagenicity test systems. PMID- 7035162 TI - [Energy and nutritional requirements in children 1 - 14 years old]. PMID- 7035163 TI - Endotoxins and the pathogenesis of hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases. PMID- 7035164 TI - [Neoplastic colonic polyps]. PMID- 7035165 TI - Equilibrium and kinetic measurements of the binding of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate to hybrid tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7035166 TI - The aryl acylamidases and their relationship to cholinesterases in human serum, erythrocyte and liver. AB - Human serum aryl acylamidase associated with serum cholinesterase was purified to homogeneity. Evidence for the identity of the two enzymes was based on co-elution profiles, co-purification in the different steps including affinity chromatography with constant ratios of specific activity and percentage recoveries, co-migration on gel electrophoresis, parallel inhibition by typical cholinesterase inhibitors and co-precipitation by antibody raised against the purified enzyme. Human liver aryl acylamidase was partially purified. Based on the elution profiles, purification data, inhibitory characteristics and gel electrophoresis it was concluded that aryl acrylamidase of liver was not associated with liver cholinesterase. More conclusive evidence for the non association of the liver aryl acylamidase and cholinesterase came from their clear-cut separation on procainamide-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Both the serum and liver aryl acylamidase were compared with the purified erythrocyte aryl acylamidase associated with acetylcholinesterase. While the erythrocyte and serum aryl acylamidases showed some similarities in their sensitivities to amines like serotonin or tryptamine and choline derivatives, the liver enzyme was unaffected by any of these compounds. A notable observation was the activation by tyramine of the serum aryl acylamidase but not the erythrocyte and liver aryl acylamidases. The liver aryl acylamidase also differed from the other two in its relative insensitivity to inhibition by eserine, neostygmine and other cholinesterase inhibitors. Immunodiffusion and immunoprecipitation studies showed that the aryl acylamidases from the liver and erythrocytes were immunologically non-identical with the serum enzyme. PMID- 7035167 TI - Conformational analysis of peptide substrates and inhibitors of the Zn2+ G and serine R61 D-alanyl-D-alanine peptidases. PMID- 7035168 TI - Primary structure of the bovine beta-crystallin Bp chain. Internal duplication and homology with gamma-crystallin. AB - The major polypeptide chain of bovine beta-crystallin, beta Bp, was fragmented by means of cyanogen bromide treatment and by enzymatic digestions. Manual and automated Edman degradation of the resulting peptides provided the complete amino acid sequence of the beta Bp chain. The N-terminal alanine residue was shown to be N-alpha-acetylated by mass spectrometry. The chain has a length of 204 residues and a calculated molecular weight of 23210. There is a considerable degree of homology between the N-terminal and C-terminal halves of the chain, presumably reflecting a tandem duplication of a shorter ancestral gene. The sequence of beta Bp is sufficiently related to that of gamma-crystallin II to place these proteins in the same superfamily. No sequence relationship was found with the alpha-crystallin chains. PMID- 7035169 TI - The primary structure of yeast histone H3. PMID- 7035170 TI - Proline biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Purification and characterisation of glutamate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. AB - Glutamate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, catalysing the reduction in vivo of gamma glutamyl phosphate to glutamate 5-semialdehyde in the pathway of proline biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, has been purified to homogeneity. High initial levels of the enzyme were achieved by using a multicopy ColEl-pro A, B hybrid plasmid. The protein has a molecular weight of 1.89 X 10(5) and consists of four identical subunits of molecular weight 4.7 X 10(4) each. The pH optimum is 7.0 and the protein is stable for at least 10 min between pH 6.0-9.0 and for long periods at pH 7.0 It is rapidly inactivated at temperatures greater than 50 degrees C. The enzyme is very sensitive to inhibition by p-chloro mercuribenzoate, copper and nickel ions. PMID- 7035171 TI - Discrimination between activity of (alpha 2-3)-sialyltransferase and (alpha 2-6) sialyltransferase in human platelets using p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside as acceptor. AB - Exogenous asialo-glycoproteins and endogenous acceptors are both sialylated by incubating cytidine 5'-monophosphate N-[14C]acetylneuraminic acid (CMP [14C]NeuAc) with a lysate of human platelets but their respective incorporation levels vary with the divalent cation concentration. P-Nitrophenyl-beta-D galactoside has also been demonstrated to be an acceptor of sialyl residues, and two different sialyl derivatives are synthesized according to the concentration of divalent cations. P-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-[6-3H]galactoside has been prepared by reduction with tritiated borohydride of the compound previously oxidized by galactose oxidase. Using this labelled p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside as acceptor and unlabelled CMP-NeuAc as donor, the two sialyl derivatives have been identified by methylation analysis as alpha-sialosyl-(2-3)-p-nitrophenyl-beta-D galactoside and alpha-sialosyl-(2-6)-p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside. In addition to their different responses to divalent cation requirements, the sialyltransferase activities responsible for the synthesis of the two sialylgalactoside isomers have been clearly distinguished by their temperature and pH optimal values. They also exhibit different susceptibilities to dithioerythritol and different stabilities. These results demonstrate the presence in human platelets of two sialyltransferases: a CMP-NeuAc: galactoside (alpha 2-3)-sialyltransferase and a CMP-NeuAc: galactoside (alpha 2-6) sialyltransferase. PMID- 7035172 TI - Pleiotropic deficiency in nitrogen-uptake systems and derepression of nitrogen catabolic enzymes in npr-1 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The npr-1 mutation has two types of effects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. On one hand, several nitrogen-catabolic enzymes are derepressed in the presence of ammonia, glutamine, or asparagine, which provoke their repression in a wild-type strain. On the other hand, the activity of several ammonia-sensitive permeases is decreased (from 50-100% depending on the permease considered) in npr-1 cells, independently of the nitrogen source used for growth. Our results favour the idea that the primary effect of the npr-1 mutation is on the permeases, and that the derepression of the enzymes is a consequence of the reduced uptake rate of the repressing nitrogen compounds. Hence, the product of the npr-1 gene appears to be directly involved in the development of the activity of a set of permeases which transport nitrogen compounds and which are regulated by nitrogen effectors. PMID- 7035173 TI - Localization of chitin in the cell wall of Candida albicans by means of wheat germ agglutinin. Fluorescence and ultrastructural studies. AB - Cytochemical localization of wheat germ agglutinin binding sites in the cell wall of Candida albicans was investigated with fluorescence and electron microscopy. Various analytical techniques were employed in order to obtain a good penetration of the cytochemical markers, glycosylated horseradish peroxidase or glycosylated ferritin. In blastospores sectioned by cryostatic methods, a weak and continuous labelling of the blastospore periphery was observed with peroxidase, whereas bud scars and inner cell wall areas were labelled with ferritin. Following enzymatic treatment with pronase whose efficiency was followed by the periodic acid thiocarbohydrazide -- Silver proteinate technique, the inner cell wall layers of bud are strongly stained with both fluorescein and the reactions products of peroxidase. After pronase-chitinase treatment, fluorescence was observed only in the mother cell wall. Finally, ultrathin glycol methacrylate sections showed a labelling both in inner and outer layers. All these results suggest that chitin was essentially distributed in the inner wall layers near the plasmalemma and in a smaller amount in outer wall layers. On the basis of the present findings, a hypothesis of wall assembly is proposed. PMID- 7035174 TI - Molecular mechanisms of control of protein biosynthesis. AB - Reticulocytes contain two protein kinases which, when activated, phosphorylate the alpha subunit of the chain initiation factor eIF-2 interfering with its function. One kinase is activated in the absence of heme, the other is activated by low concentrations of double-stranded RNA. Both appear to be active in a phosphorylated form. Phosphorylation of the eIF-2 alpha subunit does not modify the basic properties of the factor but prevents its interaction with a stimulating protein (SP) required for binary complex formation at low, physiological concentrations of eIF-2 and Mg 2+. SP, isolated in the form of an eIF-2 complex (eIF-2. SP) of high molecular weight (approximately 450000), promotes formation of a GTP . eIF-2 binary complex, the first step of initiation, in a catalytic fashion. The available evidence suggests that eIF-2 . SP can form in the presence of Mg 2+ a GTP . eIF-2 . SP complex that interacts with free eIF 2 forming GTP . eIF-2 (binary complex) and eIF-2. SP. PMID- 7035175 TI - Motility of the oocyte of Helisoma (Mollusca). AB - Mature oocytes isolated from the ovotestis of Helisoma showed amoeboid movement when treated in vitro with a homogenate of the cerebral ganglia (containing dorsal bodies). This movement ceased when either cytochalasin B or colchicine was added to the preparation. Actin filaments were only visualized in in vitro and in vivo preparation of mature oocytes. We suggest tht in order to ovulate, the oocyte uses its own contractile system to become amoeboid and is thereby separated from the envelope of the follicle cells. We also suggest that the ovulation factor(s) is present in the dorsal bodies and that this factor could be responsible for the induction of microfilaments. PMID- 7035176 TI - Immunoelectron and immunofluorescence localization of desmin in mature avian muscles. AB - Antisera or affinity-purified antibodies shown to be specific for avian gizzard desmin antigen by double immunodiffusion, antigen-blocking, and immunoautoradiography experiments have been used in indirect immunofluorescence and indirect immunoelectron microscopy to demonstrate localization of desmin in myofibrils from mature avian muscles. The light microscope results agree with the work of others in that they suggest that desmin is primarily at or near the periphery of Z-lines of striated muscle myofibrils. Immunoperoxidase labelling more clearly shows that the reactive desmin antigen is located almost entirely between Z-lines of adjacent parallel myofibrils and that there is no obvious correlation between locations of T-tubules and desmin structures. The electron dense reaction product often followed an approximately linear course between Z lines of adjacent myofibrils and indicated the desmin antibodies had decorated a small number of filaments spanning this region. These results suggest that the desmin found in close association with myofibrils of mature striated muscle is in the aggregated form of 10-nm filaments. PMID- 7035177 TI - Noninvasive rCBF determination by 133XE-inhalation with the gamma camera and functional imaging of wash-in and wash-out. A new combined approach for rCBE measurements in patients with cerebrovascular disease. AB - In 47 patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) a noninvasive determination of global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was performed with the gamma camera. A new approach was developed for region definition and for evaluation of the "start-fit-time' as the point of minimal contamination of the recorded data by extracerebral scatter and recirculation using the region of interest (ROI) technique in the camera field of view. In comparison with the results of probe measurement of end-tidal exhalation air no significant differences were seen and values obtained were well in the range reported by other authors. Initial slope (IS), gray matter flow (F1) and CBF-15 were used as quantitative parameters and were able to distinguish significantly (P less than 0.01) between normals, patients with mild CVD, and severe CVD. Intraexamination variation coefficient (VC) was 5%, interexamination VC was 8%. Functional, parametric images of wash-in for easier ROI-definition and judgement of isotope supply and of wash-out were generated by a computer analysis and were found to be sensitive indicators for arterial blood supply and wash-out values city. Thus it was possible to recalculate regional flow values in focal areas exactly corresponding to abnormalities seen on the functional images. So the regional information of functional images can be combined with the quantitative data in selectable areas. By tis noninvasive, easily performed method focal neurological deficits can be evaluated with high accuracy with conventional nucleus medicine equipment. PMID- 7035178 TI - Visual cortex activation recorded by dynamic emission computed tomography of inhaled xenon 133. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied tomographically with 133Xe administered by inhalation over a 1-min period at a concentration of 10 mCi/l. A fast rotating ("dynamic') single-photon emission computed tomograph with four detector heads was used, an instrument that has been found to be well suited for detecting focal ischemia. In the present study its ability to detect focal hyperemia was investigated in 13 normal subjects studied during rest and during visual stimulation. A flickering light "seen' with eyes open and closed, increased blood flow in the visual cortex by 35% and 22% respectively. Looking at different pictures displayed on a screen raised regional CBF by 26%. The most complex task, reading and copying a text, increased blood flow by 45%. Averaging the different tasks resulted in a mean regional CBF increase in the visual cortex of 35%. The result is comparable with that obtained by positron emission tomography. Both forms of isotope tomography offer unique possibilities of the study of brain function in health and disease, possibilities not matched by X-ray tomography. The low cost and ready availability of appropriate single-photon radionuclides (133Xe and 127Xe) are mentioned. PMID- 7035179 TI - Viability of canine lung after temporary ischemia under cooling. An electron microscopy study. AB - To evaluate the viability of the lung for transplantation, we observed in dogs the ultrastructural alterations after temporary ischemia with cooling and after subsequent reestablishment of ventilation and pulmonary circulation. Initial alterations were vacuolization and condensation in the alveolar lining of the epithelial cells. At this stage, gross lung edema did not occur after the subsequent reestablishment of ventilation and pulmonary circulation. According to the prolongation of the ischemia, edematous changes extended over the alveolar structure. In cases of gross lung edema after the reestablishment of pulmonary circulation, alterations such as swollen endothelial cytoplasm and coarse interstitium appeared in the lung before recirculation, in addition to changes in the pneumocytes. Our observations clearly show the importance of changes in the endothelium as a cause of gross lung edema, hence such should be considered when evaluating the viability of a donor lung. PMID- 7035180 TI - Use of non-heart-beating donor kidneys for transplantation. PMID- 7035181 TI - Treatment of murine tumors with lethal doses of dimethylmyleran and autologous bone marrow. PMID- 7035182 TI - Paraneoplastic syndromes. I. Endocrine paraneoplasia. PMID- 7035183 TI - Paraneoplastic syndromes. II. Neurological paraneoplasia. PMID- 7035184 TI - Effect of spironolactone on systemic blood pressure, limb blood flow and response to sympathetic stimulation in hypertensive patients. AB - Since there is only scanty, indirect information about the mechanism of the hypotensive effect of spironolactone, 9 patients with essential hypertension were studied according to a randomised double-blind, cross-over protocol. Spironolactone 100mg b.i.d. and placebo were each given for one month and the following parameters were studied: blood pressure, heart rate, response to cold pressure and handgrip tests, as well as blood flow in the calf and finger vessels. Flow in the calf and fingers representing muscle and skin arteries, respectively, was measured semicontinuously with an ECG-triggered venous occlusion plethysmograph. After spironolactone there was a significant decrease in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the supine, sitting and standing positions; the sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by (mean +/- SE) 27 +/- 4mm Hg (p less than 0.001) and 11 +/- 4mm Hg (p less than 0.02), respectively. No orthostatic response was observed. Heart rate remained unchanged. Blood flow through muscle and skin vessels increased in 6 out of 9 patients, and in these patients calculated vascular resistance in these areas decreased. Spironolactone did not significantly change the response of systemic blood pressure to the handgrip and cold pressure tests. The present data confirm the hypotensive properties of spironolactone and show that this effect is associated with dilatation of muscle and skin arteries in many but not in all the patients. The data do not support the hypothesis that spironolactone decreases the responsiveness of systemic blood pressure to orthosympathetic stimulation. PMID- 7035185 TI - Influence of dobutamine and dopamine on hemodynamics and plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and renin in patients with low cardiac output following acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7035186 TI - Monoclonal vs. heterogeneous anti-H-8 antibodies in the analysis of the anti phosphorylcholine response in BALB/c mice. AB - Biological activities of monoclonal A/J antibodies to the T15 idiotype in BALB/c mice were compared to heterogeneous antibodies raised by conventional immunization procedures. Two monoclonal antibodies, AB1-2 and GB4-10, which are of the gamma 1, chi class, appeared to have identical specificities by binding criteria and reacted similarly to conventional antibodies in their abilities to induce neonatal suppression, inhibit plaque-forming cell induction by phosphorylcholine (PC) antigens and to inhibit specifically, anti-PC plaque forming cells. However, in functional analyses of anti-PC responses in various strains of mice, discrepancies were noted in the T15 responses as defined by monoclonal antibodies and conventional antisera. This heterogeneity was also observed in adult mice suppressed with the GB4-10 monoclonal antibody. These animals eventually produced an anti-PC responses of AB1-2 idiotype but lacking the GB4-10 marker. These results show that the T15 IgM anti-PC response in BALB/c and other strains of mice is heterogeneous and probably consists of a family of clones. Particular clones can be precisely eliminated by the use of appropriate monoclonal antibodies, and the anti-PC response that eventually recovers is still T15+ but lacking the suppressed clones. PMID- 7035187 TI - A subset of human cells isolated and characterized by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were induced against leukemic T cells from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia exhibiting natural killer (NK) activity. Two antibodies, termed T811 and M522, reacted by indirect immunofluorescence with distinct sub-populations of normal human mononuclear blood cells. The antibody T811 defines a surface antigen which is restricted to a subset of the T cell lineage. The antigen recognized by the second antibody, M522, is expressed on monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and, in addition, on 9-17% of nonadherent peripheral blood leukocytes (NAL). It is shown that the total NK activity of NAL is confined to the subset of cells expressing the M522-defined antigen. Moreover, the portion of NK cytotoxicity associated with T lymphocytes is mediated by a subpopulation which is characterized by the simultaneous expression of the T811- and the M522-defined antigens. This population comprises about 4% of NAL and could be isolated to a purity of greater than 85%. PMID- 7035188 TI - Attempt to antagonized the stimulatory effect or ATP on insulin secretion. AB - An attempt was made to antagonize the stimulatory effect of ATP on insulin secretion from the isolated perfused rat pancreas. The insulin secretory effect of ATP does not seem to be mediated by cholinergic or beta-adrenergic receptors since neither atropine 0.3 micro mol/1 nor propranolol 1 micro mol/1 had any antagonistic action on insulin secretion induced by ATP (16.5 micro mol/1). Theophylline (50 micro mol/1) did not antagonize the insulin secretion evoked by ATP (16.5 micro mol/1). Apamin (10 nmol/1) was also without antagonistic action. 2-2'Pyridylisatogen tosylate (5 micro mol/1) had not effect on insulin secretion induced by glucose )8.33 mmol/1) or acetylcholine (0.5 micro mol/1 and 0.1 micro mol/1) but inhibited the insulin secretory effect of ATP (16.5 micro mol/1). Thus, the antagonism of 2-2'pyridylisatogen for ATP seems selective. We conclude that a purinoceptor of the P2-type is likely to be present on the B-cell of the rat pancreas. PMID- 7035189 TI - Enhancement by prostacyclin of the contractility of the guinea-pig airways smooth muscle. AB - Aerosolized prostacyclin (PGI2) potentiated the increase in pulmonary resistance to inflation induced by serotonin, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), acetylcholine and histamine in the guinea-pig. This was not due to a reflex, nor to further production of PG cyclooxygenase derivatives. PGI2 and PGF2 alpha induced contraction of the parenchyma lung strip of the guinea-pig, which could be inhibited by polyphloretin phosphate and by PGE1. Since PGF2 alpha failed to potentiate the bronchial responses to acetylcholine, histamine or serotonin, under conditions where PGI2 was effective, the in vitro similarities between the two PGs cannot explain the in vivo results. The ability of PGI2 to potentiate bronchial responses was not shared by the other PGs. Since the latter are either bronchoconstrictor agents by themselves (PGF2 alpha and PGD2), or bronchodilators (PGE1, PGE2), our hypothesis is that PGI2 potentiates the responses of the bronchi to various agonists by a mechanism similar to that which accounts for the potentiation of acute inflammation and pain by PGE1 and PGE2, the latter being ineffective in enhancing the bronchial responses because of the associated bronchodilator activity. PMID- 7035190 TI - Effects of 4-aminopyridine on insulin secretion and plasma glucose levels in intact and adrenalectomized-chemically sympathectomized mice. AB - The effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on basal and glucose-induced insulin secretion and on plasma glucose concentrations were investigated in vivo in intact mice and in mice subjected to surgical adrenalectomy plus chemical sympathectomy induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. In normal intact mice, an i.v. injection of 4-AP, 26 micro mol/kg, induced an elevation of plasma glucose concentrations from 6.4 +/- 2 to 10.0 +/- 0.3 mmol/1 (P less than 0.001) seen after 30 min. Thereafter the plasma glucose concentration gradually returned to the normal level. Despite this marked elevation of plasma glucose levels, no change in plasma insulin concentrations was seen. In intact normal mice, the insulin secretion induced by a half-maximal dose of glucose was partially inhibited by 4-AP, 0.26 micro mol/kg. No further inhibition was observed after a larger dose, 26 micro mol/kg. In adrenalectomized-chemically sympathectomized mice, 4-AP, 26 micro mol/kg, did not affect plasma glucose concentrations or plasma levels of insulin. In these animals, 4-AP potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion by approximately 65% at the two dose levels studied. This potentiation of glucose-induced insulin secretion was not affected by muscarinic receptor blockade. In summary, 4-AP increased plasma glucose levels in normal intact mice, but had no effect on plasma glucose levels in adrenalectomized chemically sympathectomized mice. In addition, 4-AP inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion in normal intact mice, but potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion in adrenalectomized-chemically sympathectomized mice. It is concluded that the effect of 4-AP on insulin secretion and plasma glucose levels in normal mice is exerted indirectly, through stimulation of the sympatho-adrenal system. Further, from the results obtained in animals deprived of their sympatho-adrenal system it is suggested that the drug also has the capability to stimulate insulin secretion by acting directly on the insulin secreting cells. PMID- 7035191 TI - In vivo potentiation of [D-Ala2]Met-enkephalin amide central effects after administration of an enkephalinase inhibitor. PMID- 7035192 TI - Morphology and microfilament organization in human blood lymphocytes. II. Development of substrate-attached projections in T lymphocytes. PMID- 7035193 TI - Generality of the action of various maturation-promoting factors. PMID- 7035194 TI - Isolation and characterization of nuclei and purification of chromatin from differentiating cultures of rat skeletal muscle. PMID- 7035195 TI - Basal lamina glycoproteins laminin and type IV collagen are assembled into a fine fibered matrix in cultures of a teratocarcinoma-derived endodermal cell line. PMID- 7035196 TI - The production of a membrane by purified oligodendroglia maintained in culture. PMID- 7035197 TI - Parthenogenetic activation of sea urchin egg induces a cyclical variation of the cytoplasmic resistance to hexylene glycol-Triton X-100 treatment. PMID- 7035198 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against Mycoplasma hyorhinis. A secondary effect of immunization with cultured cells. PMID- 7035199 TI - Progress in the mitotic cycle of yeast spheroplasts in liquid culture. PMID- 7035200 TI - Distribution of vimentin and desmin filaments in smooth muscle tissue of mammalian and avian aorta. PMID- 7035201 TI - Enhanced synthesis of basement membrane proteins during the differentiation of rat mammary tumour epithelial cells into myoepithelial-like cells in vitro. PMID- 7035202 TI - Antibodies specific for mitotic human chromosomes. PMID- 7035203 TI - Purification of a non-histone protein fraction from amphibian liver biologically active in the inhibition of neuroblast differentiation of the same species. PMID- 7035204 TI - Three-dimensional growth and morphogenesis of mouse submandibular epithelial cells in serum-free primary culture. PMID- 7035205 TI - Teratocarcinoma antigen is secreted by epididymal cells and coupled to maturing sperm. PMID- 7035206 TI - Treatment of severe aplastic anemia using antithymocyte globulin with or without an infusion of HLA haploidentical marrow. AB - Nineteen patients with severe aplastic anemia were treated with a 4-day course of horse-anti-human thymocyte globulin (ATG). Thirteen of these patients also received an infusion of HLA one haplotype-identical bone marrow. Toxicity of ATG included fever, chills, rash, arthralgias and elevated liver function tests. Platelet transfusion requirements increased during therapy. Eleven patients died 0.2-9.4 months after beginning ATG therapy. None of the 11 patients had any improvement in hematologic status prior to death. The eight surviving patients have been followed for at least 24 months. Six had evidence of hematologic improvement within 6-8 weeks after ATG therapy and are transfusion-independent. The other two patients improved more than one year after treatment. Survival after ATG therapy did not correlate with the presumed etiology of aplasia, duration of aplasia, patient age or sex, prior therapy, or admission granulocyte count. Addition of bone marrow infusion to ATG treatment also did not affect survival. This study demonstrated the necessity for a randomized trial of ATG versus supportive care alone for the treatment of severe aplastic anemia. PMID- 7035207 TI - Hemopoiesis in the splenectomized-pregnant mouse following low-dose total-body irradiation. AB - The effect of splenectomy (SPLX) and total-body irradiation (TBI) (50-200 rad) on virgin and pregnant mouse hemopoiesis was studied, using peripheral blood hemogram values and femoral marrow hemopoietic progenitor cell activity (i.e., CFUE, BFUE, and GM-CFC). The SPLX-maternal red cell counts and hematocrit values were lower than those of SPLX-virgin mice, reflecting the anemia of pregnancy. But the white cell counts of both SPLX-virgin and SPLX-day-14.5 pregnant mice were significantly higher (P less than 0.005) than normal-virgin mice. Both nonirradiated and day-4 irradiated SPLX-maternal marrow Ep-independent and Ep dependent CFUE were higher than the nonirradiated and day-4 irradiated SPLX virgin values (respectively, for each TBI dose studied). On the other hand, nonirradiated and day-4 irradiated SPLX-maternal GM-CFC were lower than the nonirradiated and day-4 irradiated SPLX-virgin GM-CFC values. The data demonstrate the potential of the SPLX-maternal femoral marrow to respond to the stress of low-dose TBI with effective compensatory erythropoiesis, possibly at the expense of granulopoiesis. PMID- 7035208 TI - Chicken fetal antigen (CFA) expression on the primitive erythroid maturation series. AB - Indirect immunofluorescence was utilized to study the expression of chicken fetal antigens (CFA), developmentally phasic membrane antigens, on the primitive erythroid series during chick embryo development. Cells of this series expressed CFA determinants at all four stages of cellular maturation. However, the relative intensity of fluorescent staining (measurement of CFA determinants) varied with development. CFA determinant loss was correlated with the age of the embryo, and the stage of cellular maturation. Indirect immunofluorescence utilizing antisera capable of detecting eight individual CFA determinants revealed that all eight CFA determinants were present on early polychromatic erythrocytes of the primitive series, but that a selective and sequential loss of CFA determinants occurred in later stages. The data suggest that certain CFA determinants are differentially expressed during primitive erythroid cellular maturation in the developing chick embryo. PMID- 7035209 TI - Limitations of Gullino-type chambers for collection of interstitial proteins from human tumour xenografts: a histological and theoretical study. AB - GULLINO-type diffusion chambers, made entirely from polytetrafluoroethylene (P.T.F.E.) were implanted subcutaneously into athymic nude mice either alone or with tumour mince from a human colonic tumour xenograft. Those implanted with mince became incorporated into the resulting tumours. Chambers were removed at various times following implantation and histological sections prepared from surrounding tissues. A consistent histological picture was seen adjacent to all parts of the implants comprised of a foreign body giant cell reaction with fibrosis, irrespective of the presence of tumour. We argue that in the absence of any reaction, such chambers may collect specific proteins and allow estimation of total interstitial protein content, but are unsuitable for determining the effective in vivo concentration of any particular interstitial protein. It is further suggested that the presence of reactive tissue around the chambers could introduce further sources of error, adequate controls for which are essential for interpretation of data relating of interstitial proteins collected in this manner. PMID- 7035211 TI - Biotransformation of aloenin, a bitter glucoside constituent of Aloe arborescens, by rats. AB - Aloenin has been established to be 4-methoxy-6-(2-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4 hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)-2-pyrone; it shows an inhibitory activity for gastric juice secretion. Rats metabolized it to 4-methoxy-6-(2,4-dihydroxy-6 methylphenyl)-2-pyrone, 2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone and glucose, which were excreted in the feces and the urine. The distribution of the radioactivity originating from 14C-labeled aloenin was studied. The tracer found in the kidney and the liver reached 60% of the amount administered 24 h after feeding and decreased rapidly in the next 24 h. PMID- 7035210 TI - Toxic drug effects associated with oxygen metabolism: redox cycling and lipid peroxidation. AB - Various endogenous and exogenous compounds exert cytotoxic effects via oxygen reduction. In general, these are reduced by intracellular enzymes (reductases of various kinds) in one-electron transfer reactions, before they in turn reduce O2 to O2, the superoxide anion radical. Thus, a cycle is formed of O2 uptake at the expense of cellular reducing equivalents, notably NADPH, generating further active oxygen species (figs 1,2). Structures capable of 'redox cycling' include catechols and other quinone compounds, iron chelates, and aromatic nitro compounds. Several anticancer agents, and also some mutagens, operate on this principle, and their toxic effects may be explained by redox cycling. The particular importance of hypoxic conditions for deleterious O2 effects is given by the concomitant flux through reductive as well as oxidative pathways. Toxic effects include membrane damage resulting from peroxidative reactions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (lipid peroxidation), as well as the attack of reactive oxygen species on proteins (enzymes) and nucleic acids; thus O2 metabolism is linked to carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Lipid peroxidation is also induced by various halogenated compounds such as carbon tetrachloride. Again, hypoxic conditions are particularly critical because, on the one hand, metabolic activation leading to the free radical is enhanced and, on the other hand, oxygen required for the maintenance of lipid peroxidation is still available. - Powerful antioxidant systems of the cell maintain low steady state concentrations of oxygen metabolites, and toxic effects may, in part, also be explained by the constant drain of reducing equivalents resulting from redox cycling. PMID- 7035212 TI - Myosin heavy chains in fast skeletal muscle of chick embryo. AB - The peptide map obtained by electrophoresis after digestion of purified myosin heavy chains from pectoralis muscle of embryonic chicken with the Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, produces a peptide pattern very similar but not identical to that of adult fast myosin. In fact, some components that are present in a small amount in the map of slow adult myosin are visible in the embryonic pattern. PMID- 7035213 TI - Alterations in the fraction of oxygen in inspired gas affect rates of renal prostaglandin E2 synthesis in anesthetized dogs. AB - Reductions of oxygen in inspired gas from 20% to 15%, in anesthetized dogs, reduced arterial PO2 and increased the renal efflux of PGE2 but not PGF2a. Renal blood flow, blood pressure, plasma renin activity as well as arterial pH and PCO2 were unaffected PGs may mediate the renal hemodynamic or excretory consequences of alterations in PO2. In addition, minor variations in PO2 might account, in part, for the variable renal venous PGE2 concentrations reported under basal conditions. PMID- 7035214 TI - Pathological changes in inbred strains of mice following early thymectomy and irradiation. AB - Mice subjected to thymectomy and irradiation were found to develop a range of pathological change in various organs. These changes were accompanied by antibodies to a variety of self-components. The pattern of pathological and autoimmune change was found to vary with the strain. This strain-related expression did not appear to be associated with the major histocompatibility complex (H-2). PMID- 7035215 TI - Adaptation of the pituitary gland to prolonged LRH stimulation. PMID- 7035216 TI - Immune complex formation and resolution in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) prone and non-SLE-prone mice. PMID- 7035217 TI - W. Stanley Hartroft, M.D., Ph.D. 1916-1981. PMID- 7035218 TI - [Methodological approaches to the study of the effects of prenatal drug exposure on the development of the progeny (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7035219 TI - [Brain gamma-aminobutyric acid system and cyclic nucleotides in exposure to narcotic and alcohol intoxication (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7035220 TI - [Action of caffeine on the morphofunctional status of the pancreas and carbohydrate metabolic indices in white rats]. AB - It has been shown that caffeine moderately increases the blood sugar content, which is related to the drug effect on the incretory apparatus of the pancreas. On being given in a dose of 25 mg/kg, caffeine increases the number of beta-cells in Langerhans islets while in a dose of 250 mg/kg it increases the size of the islets and raises the content of alpha-cells; the total amount of beta-cells remains essentially unchanged, but the number of beta-cells with low content of the insulin-like substance diminishes. Being given in large doses, caffeine activates the anaerobic phase of carbohydrate activation and causes a compensated respiratory metabolic acidosis. PMID- 7035221 TI - The interaction of 5 S RNA and its large fragments with ribosomal proteins. PMID- 7035222 TI - Amino acid replacements in ribosomal protein YL24 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae causing resistance to cycloheximide. PMID- 7035223 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of epithelial metabolism and function. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a noninvasive technique for studying cellular metabolism and function. In this review the general applications and advantages of NMR will be discussed with specific reference to epithelial tissues. Phosphorus NMR investigations have been performed on epithelial tissues in vivo and in vitro; however, other detectable nuclei have not been utilized to date. Several new applications of phosphorus NMR to epithelial tissues are also discussed, including studies on isolated renal tubules and sheet epithelia. PMID- 7035224 TI - Developments in the tracer measurement of gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis in vivo: an overview. AB - In summary, recent developments in the continuing effort to accurately measure gluconeogenetic rates are presented in this symposium. Problems and assumptions are discussed. Mathematical methods that form a basis for further progress are also given. A direct application to the measurement of the gluconeogenetic component of glycogen formation is then described. A further application to the assessment of gluconeogenesis in the fetal component of the fetal-maternal system is discussed. Finally, the importance of tracer sampling and infusion sites in turnover measurement is treated in detail. PMID- 7035225 TI - [Effect of fasting on blood insulin levels in rats after destruction of the ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus]. PMID- 7035226 TI - [Role of the lungs in the metabolism of vasoactive substances]. PMID- 7035227 TI - [A modified jacket crown used as an abutment]. PMID- 7035228 TI - [Feasibility of electrophoretic studies of the proteases of the gastric mucosa in the rat]. PMID- 7035229 TI - [Device for the microtransmission of a stereotactic lead in frontal and sagittal directions]. PMID- 7035230 TI - Different efficiency of mercurascan in allograft survival prolongation in male and female mice. AB - The efficiency of mercurascan on prolongation of skin allograft survival was found to depend on the sex of experimental animals. Long-term treatment of the recipients by MSC in the mouse strain combination B10--B10.LP (donor X recipient, difference in non-H-2 loci) was more efficient in females than in males. The immunosuppressive effect of MSC was weak. MSC had no effect on the survival time of skin or heart allografts in a strain combination with limited H-2 differences [B10.D2--M(504)]. The effect of MSC on the cell membrane was followed in vitro by measurement of the rate of H-2 antigen redistribution on lymphoid cells of animals treated in vivo by MSC. The rate of redistribution on lymphoid cells from MSC-treated females was decreased; no effect was observed in the case of cells from treated males. PMID- 7035231 TI - Elimination of 51Cr-labelled target cells as a method of in vivo assessment of immune reactions. AB - This report describes the use of an in vivo 51Cr release assay which is able to monitor various immune reactions in the rat. This assay is able to quantitate the immune response to tumour and also to assess the relative efficacy of different immunostimulants in this tumour model. These data correlate well with survival studies in tumour-bearing rats. This assay can also measure the sensitizing effect of antigens from animals differing at both the major and minor histocompatibility locus using various routes of sensitization and various donor tissues. Allograft survival can also be correlated to in vivo 51Cr release. This method is both reproducible and specific. The in vivo 51Cr release assay is a useful and versatile means of monitoring the development of antitumour responses and the degree of sensitization to histocompatibility antigens in a variety of situations in the rat. It may therefore prove useful as a rapid method for screening new antitumour and immunosuppressive regimens to be used in various studies. PMID- 7035232 TI - Metabolic changes after non-lethal x-irradiation of rats. I. Carbohydrates, hormones. AB - Male rats of the Wistar strain were fasted overnight prior to exposure to single total-body X-ray dose of 2.39 Gy (250 R). Irradiated and sham-irradiated rats were pair-fed for 5 days, in the next period they were fed ad libitum. The levels of corticosterone and immunoreactive insulin in serum, glucose in blood, glycogen in liver, heart and skeletal muscle were determined 1 and 6 h, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 38 days after irradiation and sham-irradiation. Irradiation of rats resulted, at one hour, in a decrease and, at two days, in an icrease in level of blood glucose. A marked increase in liver glycogen persisted from 6 h to 21 days after irradiation. The level of glycogen in the skeletal muscle was reduced at 6 h and increased on days 3 and 14. Heart muscle glycogen declined within the first 24 h and rose at 14 days after exposure. The kinetics of changes in the heart and skeletal muscle glycogen following non-lethal irradiation was similar and indicated an overlap of changes produced by fasting with those brought about by irradiation, particularly during the first week. Corticosterone in serum was markedly increased in rats at 24 and 72 h after irradiation compared to pair-fed controls. The serum insulin concentration did not change after irradiation, except for a single increase on day 21. Irradiation with non-lethal doses produced changes in the parameters of the carbohydrate metabolism studied, except for serum insulin, which reflected the changes in the nutrition regimen upon pair feeding rather than the effect of ionizing irradiation. PMID- 7035233 TI - [Aldosterone secretion and metabolism in hyperthyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035234 TI - [Clinical evaluation of hyperglucagonemia in patients with myotonic dystrophy (author's transl)]. AB - In order to clarify the possible participation of glucagon in glucose intolerance in myotonic dystrophy, six patients with myotonic dystrophy were examined. Three out of the six patients had an abnormal oral glucose tolerance curve. Two had frank diabetic glucose tolerance curves and the other had a high glucose value at 30 min after glucose loading, which fell beyond the normal range (Mean +/- 2 S.D.). Total insulin response to oral glucose, calculated as insulin area, was significantly exaggerated (p less than 0.01 vs control value). In addition to these results, hyperglucagonemia was observed throughout the test in two patients with myotonic dystrophy. In the arginine infusion test, insulin response was not so exaggerated but plasma glucagon was significantly higher (p less than 0.05 vs control value) at each 30, 45, 60 minutes after arginine infusion, and the mean glucagon area under the curves was significantly greater (p less than 0.05 vs control value). None of the myotonic patients showed growth hormone or cortisol excess during an arginine infusion and/or insulin tolerance test. Three patients with myotonic dystrophy who had abnormal glucose tolerance curves showed absolutely or relatively high glucagon levels and exaggerated response to arginine infusion. These findings suggested that hyperglucagonemia might contribute to the appearance of glucose intolerance in myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 7035235 TI - [A simple solid phase radioimmunoassay for plasma renin activity (author's transl)]. AB - A solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) in which plasma renin activity (PRA) can be measured in a single test tube throughout enzymatic reaction and determination of angiotensin-I (A-I) generated was developed. Two hundred micro 1 of plasma samples was incubated with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and ethylenediamine tetraaceticacid (EDTA) at pH 6.0 or 7.4 at 37 degrees C for 1 hr, then the generated A-I was determined by solid phase RIA under 3 hr of incubation time at room temperature. An antibody absorbed onto polystyrene beads was used for B/F separation of RIA. The combination of PMSF and EDTA gave significant inhibition of angiotensinase and converting enzyme. Pepstatin A, proteolytic enzyme inhibitor, was found to be effective to block the renin activity during the incubation for RIA at room temperature. Recoveries of A-I added at two levels of 1.0 4.0 ng/ml to plasma sample incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 hr were 102 +/- 28.6% and 105 +/- 15.2%, respectively. Intra-assay precision (CV) ranged from 2.5 to 10.3% and inter-assay from 7.0 to 13.7% with four pooled sera. PRA obtained under enzymatic reaction of pH 6.0 showed approximately twice as much as that of pH 7.4. The assay correlated closely with the other established solid phase radioimmunoassay kit (r = 0.996). Normal values of PRA were 1.03 +/0 0.78 ng/mg/hr (n = 66) at supine position and 1.33 +/- 1.15 ng/ml/hr at upright position. The method for the measurement of PRA, described in this paper, can be clinically used as one of convenient methods froms its simplicity and reproducibility. PMID- 7035236 TI - [The effect of COOH-terminal peptides of cholecystokinin on the exocrine and endocrine pancreas in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035238 TI - Implants--alternative to removables. PMID- 7035237 TI - [The effect of sulpiride on the endocrine pancreas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035239 TI - History: roots. PMID- 7035240 TI - [Schreinemakers' impression (VIII)]. PMID- 7035241 TI - [Practical considerations on the preparation of abutments of overlay dentures]. PMID- 7035242 TI - [Rational customized technic for the horizontal key]. PMID- 7035243 TI - [Schreinemakers' impressions (XIII)]. PMID- 7035245 TI - [Kleinrok's functiograph]. PMID- 7035244 TI - [Errors in crown-root reconstructions]. PMID- 7035246 TI - [Individual impression tray of acrylic resin]. PMID- 7035248 TI - Towards better dentistry? PMID- 7035247 TI - Odontogenic infections. PMID- 7035249 TI - Occurrence of higher molecular forms of LHRH in fractionated extracts from rat hypothalamus, cortex and placenta. AB - Separation of higher molecular forms of LHRH-like immunoreactive material was attempted in homogenates and subcellular fractions of hypothalamus, cerebral cortex and placenta. Physiological activity was checked by means of antibodies directed against different sequences of LHRH and shown to recognize synthetic LHRH analogs extended on either C- or N-terminal portions of the molecule. After molecular-sieve filtration, 2 peaks of immunoreactive material corresponding apparently to sequences of LHRH extended on the C terminus were recovered. Peak I, with a molecular weight of about 26 000 dalton, was found exclusively in a cytoplasmic and axoplasmic supernatant (S2), where it migrated alone with microsomes. Peak II (1800 dalton) was present both in S2 and in a synaptosomal fraction (P2) corresponding to nerve endings. Native LHRH was almost exclusively recovered from the synaptosomal fraction. Extracts from placenta or cerebral cortex contained little or no native LHRH; in contrast, a small amount of immunoreactive material corresponding to peak II was detected in the cerebral cortex, and fairly large amounts of both putative precursors were found in the placenta. Chromatography of tissues containing no LHRH, such as cerebellum or liver, yielded no immunoreactive material at either elution site, thus suggesting specific detection of LHRH-like material under our experimental conditions. The present data suggest that 2 higher molecular forms, one slightly heavier than the native peptide itself, and another corresponding to a much larger protein, could represent LHRH precursors and are present in the hypothalamus as well as the cerebral cortex and the placenta. PMID- 7035250 TI - Comparison of steroid and LH-RH effects on the responsiveness of hemipituitary glands and dispersed pituitary cells. AB - We have carried out further in vitro studies on the priming effect of LH-RH and the effect of steroids on pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH. In hemipituitary glands, the priming effect could be elicited only once within an 11-h period and was found to diminish significantly with time after the first exposure to LH-RH. Incubation with oestradiol-17 beta (E2) had no significant effect on the responsiveness of hemipituitary glands to LH-RH. By contrast, E2 increased the responsiveness of dispersed cell system. The presence of hypothalamus or synthetic LH-RH did not facilitate the effects of E2. Testosterone significantly reduced the spontaneous and LH-RH-induced release of LH while progesterone had no effect. Exposure to E2 alone in either of the systems did not produce a consistent increase in the total amount of LH in the system. Synthesis of LH was, however, stimulated by exposure to LH-RH for 48 h but not 12 h. These results demonstrate that there is a marked difference between the mechanisms by which LH RH and steroids affect the responsiveness of the anterior pituitary gland to LH RH. PMID- 7035251 TI - Action of insulin on glycogen metabolism in cultured hepatoma cells. AB - ZHC cells, an established hepatoma cell line characterized by its capacity to synthesize and store glycogen, retain responsiveness to insulin. Sensitivity to insulin is correlated with culture development and is maximal in the confluent monolayer cultures. Insulin induces, within 2-3 h, an increase of glycogen content by stimulating the net synthesis of new glycogen molecules and without affecting their breakdown. Insulin directly acts on glycogen metabolism, and does not modify total cell protein or DNA synthesis. The ZHC cell line can provide a new model for the study of insulin regulation of glycogen metabolism, in the absence of other hormones that modulate the same pathway. PMID- 7035252 TI - Adrenalectomy decreases amino-acid transport in hepatocytes. AB - The effect of adrenalectomy on basal and hormone-stimulated amino-acid transport in liver was investigated by measuring the uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Adrenalectomy resulted in a 50% decrease in the transport capacity of hepatocytes; this change was accounted for by a diminution in the Vmax of a low affinity component of transport and specifically affected the A-transport system. Cortisone therapy fully restored the capacity of hepatocytes to transport amino acids. Sensitivity and responsiveness of hepatocytes from adrenalectomized animals to insulin, glucagon and dexamethasone, tested for the capacity of these hormones to stimulate AIB transport in vitro, were essentially identical with that of hepatocytes from control rats. The results support the concept of a positive (stimulatory) role of glucocorticoids in vivo, in the regulation of amino acid transport in the liver. PMID- 7035253 TI - Ecdysteroids are bound to vitellin in newly laid eggs of Locusta. AB - The follicle cells of vitellogenic ovaries of Locusta migratoria have been reported to synthesize impressive amounts of ecdysteroids which accumulate inside the oocytes where they persist during egg-laying; these ecdysteroids are conjugated to more than 95%, and it is believed that their hydrolysis in the egg is the source of the peaks of free ecdysone observed in early embryonic development. The present paper shows that, in the eggs, the ecdysteroid conjugates are bound to a 520 000-dalton macromolecule which shares several characteristics with the major yolk protein vitellin and is precipitated by an anti-vitellin antibody. The physiological relevance of the binding of ovarian ecdysteroid conjugates is discussed in respect to the transfer of maternal ecdysteroids to the embryo. PMID- 7035254 TI - Modulation of the action of insulin in relation to the energy state in skeletal muscle tissue: possible involvement of kinins and prostaglandins. PMID- 7035257 TI - Effects of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate on Myofibril integrity and Ca2+ content in developing myotubes. PMID- 7035255 TI - Biosynthesis, in vivo, of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus of normal and ovariectomized female rats. AB - Normal female and ovariectomized rats were infused into the 3rd ventricle with [3H]glycine or [3H]alanine. Some rats were pretreated with cycloheximide. Hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and fragments of cortex were excised, homogenized, extracted and treated with specific antiserum to GnRH, bound to Sepharose. The radioactivity of immuno-absorbed products was counted either immediately of after extraction and thin-layer chromatography by using two different solvent systems. With the two systems, the location of the immuno absorbed radioactivity always coincided with the spot of synthetic GnRH. Our results show that [3H]glycine was incorporated, as a function of time, into GnRH isolated from rat hypothalami. The amount was incorporated, as a function of time, into GnRH isolated from rat hypothalami. The amount of radioactivity incorporated into hypothalami from diestrous-I rats was similar to that of ovariectomized rats and twice as high as in late proestrous rats. Only minute amounts of radioactivity were incorporated into the immuno-absorbed product. Cycloheximide inhibited incorporation of [3H]glycine into the immuno-absorbed product to the same extent as its incorporation into the total protein from the hypothalamus. Our experimental results support the hypothesis of ribosomal mechanisms being involved in the biosynthesis of GnRH. They also suggest that the rate of accumulation of newly synthesized labeled GnRH is of the same order in the hypothalamus of ovariectomized rats as in diestrous-I rats. PMID- 7035256 TI - Expression of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in rat sympathetic ganglia and extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue. PMID- 7035258 TI - Persistence of Cartilage proteoglycan and link protein during matrix-induced endochondral bone development: an immunofluorescent study. PMID- 7035259 TI - Buying technology: international perspectives. PMID- 7035261 TI - Modulation of a cell surface glycoprotein in yeast: acid phosphatase. AB - Upon inorganic phosphate starvation the cell wall glycoprotein acid phosphatase of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is derepressed. Purified acid phosphatase isolated from early log phase cells differs in reactivity and stability from acid phosphatase from late log phase cells indicating that the two enzymes are structurally different. This demonstrates that the yeast cell has not only the capacity to regulate the amount of acid phosphatase but also the ability to vary (modulate) the structure of the secreted enzyme. Modulation of acid phosphatase may be a mechanism which is involved in morphogenetic and behavioral differentiation of the yeast cell. PMID- 7035260 TI - Distribution of fibronectin and collagen during mouse limb and palate development. AB - Indirect immunofluorescence has been used to study the distribution of fibronectin and collagen types I, II, and III in the developing primary and secondary palatal processes and forelimb buds of the Swiss Webster (NIH) mouse. In the palatal processes fibronectin and types I and III collagen are distributed throughout the mesenchyme. Fibronectin is present in the basement membrane, while types I and III collagen are localized in a linear, discontinuous fashion beneath the basement membrane. Fibronectin is not observed in the epithelium, including the presumptive fusion areas. In the forelimb bud these components show a similar distribution prior to chondrogenesis (early day 11). When chondrogenesis commences (late day 11 or early day 12) fibronectin and, to a lesser degree, types I and III collagen are apparently concentrated in the core mesenchyme, suggesting that fibronectin has a role in initiating chondrogenesis, perhaps by increasing cellular aggregation. Type II collagen is observed only in chondrogenic regions. The codistribution of fibronectin and types I and III collagen supports in vitro studies which indicate that cells use fibronectin to bind to collagen in the matrix. The developing chondrogenic regions appear to lose fibronectin gradually, concomitant with the appearance of type II collagen, suggesting that fibronectin is not involved in the maintenance of functional chondrocytes in their matrices. PMID- 7035262 TI - [Factors conditioning the occurrence and entity of intraventricular obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 7035263 TI - [The sympathetic nervous system and sudden cardiac death]. PMID- 7035264 TI - [Infectious endocarditis today]. PMID- 7035265 TI - [The "Giornale Italiano di Cardioilogia": 10 years of the history of cardiology in Italy]. PMID- 7035266 TI - [Progress in nuclear medicine in the study of myocardial perfusion and function in the 1970's. Prospects for the 1980's]. PMID- 7035268 TI - [Evolution of coronarography in the 1970-1980 decade. Special reference to Italian literature]. PMID- 7035267 TI - [Echocardiography. 10 years after]. PMID- 7035269 TI - [Pediatric cardiology in Italy. Origins, current status and prospects]. PMID- 7035270 TI - [Arterial hypertension. Research, progress, hypotheses in the 1970's]. PMID- 7035271 TI - [Progress in arrhythmology]. PMID- 7035272 TI - [Results and prospects of cardiological intensive therapy]. PMID- 7035273 TI - [Cardiostimulation 1980]. PMID- 7035274 TI - [Coronary insufficiency. Old and new concepts]. PMID- 7035275 TI - [Dynamic electrocardiography. Current status]. PMID- 7035276 TI - [Cardiovascular epidemiology in Italy in the 70's]. PMID- 7035277 TI - [Italian contribution to the morphopathology of the conduction system]. PMID- 7035278 TI - [Pathology of congenital heart diseases: current status and prospects]. PMID- 7035279 TI - [Automation of the laboratory of clinical electrocardiography. Almost 10 years' experience in a large hospital]. PMID- 7035280 TI - [Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec, on the 200th anniversary of his birth]. PMID- 7035281 TI - [Documentary information and its dissemination in medicine]. PMID- 7035282 TI - The mechanism of specific suppression in effector T cell clones against tumor associated transplantation antigens. AB - The present study investigates the fate of effector T cell population against tumor-associated transplantation antigens (TATA) of X5563 plasmacytoma in syngeneic mice rendered specifically unresponsive to the TATA. In this tumor system T cell-mediated tumor-specific immunity was induced by intradermal inoculation of viable tumor cells followed by the surgical resection of the tumor (immunization procedure). The intravenous (iv) presensitization of syngeneic hosts with X-irradiated tumor cells abolished the capability of those hosts to develop the tumor-specific immunity after the above appropriate immunization procedure. Spleen cells from the pretreated mice which subsequently received the immunization procedure could not regain the tumor-neutralizing activity after enzymatic treatment with papain. Moreover, lymphoid cells from the pretreated mice could not be stimulated by the immunization procedure even after proteolytic treatment with papain or trypsin, followed by transfer into other recipient mice free of the serum suppressive factor(s). On the other hand, such enzyme treatment was capable of preventing the tolerance induction of dinitrophenyl (DNP)-primed B cells after in vitro pulsing with DNP-D-GL (copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D lysine) for 2 hr, suggesting that the enzymatic treatment used here was adequate to remove the blocked receptor and any tolerogen. These results suggest that in X5563 plasmacytoma system, the above specific unresponsiveness induced by the iv presensitization with TATA is due to the irreversible inhibition or deletion of effector T cell clones rather than mere effector cell blockade. PMID- 7035283 TI - Pathophysiological aspect of the liver in acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis. AB - This study is prompted in order to clarify the pathophysiological aspect of the liver in acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis (AOSC). An experimental model of AOSC, was prepared by intracholedochal infusion of endotoxin in dogs with and without obstructive jaundice. In the patients with AOSC, liver function was aggravated remarkably compared with that in the stage of non suppurative cholangitis. A rapid fall of platelet count occurred. Experimentally, after intracholedochal infusion of endotoxin, liver function revealed significant hepatic cellular damage. A considerable increase in the S-OCT level was accompanied by a marked rise in blood ammonia concentration. Liver damage due to obstructive jaundice was further aggravated by endotoxin infusion. The level of serotonin in the liver tissue increased markedly after endotoxin infusion. This was accompanied by a rapid fall of platelet counts. Serotonin is considered to be a factor which may cause an impairment of hepatic microcirculation and then hepatic cellular damages. It may be concluded that AOSC is induced by cholangio venous reflux of endotoxin. Liver function is impaired remarkably due to increased bile canalicular pressure, to the direct affect of endotoxin on liver cells during the process of cholangio-venous reflux, and to impairment of hepatic microcirculation in endotoxin shock. Liver dysfunction contributes to develop this clinical entity and play an important role to make its outcome fatal. PMID- 7035284 TI - [Present status of prostacyclin research in obstetrics and gynaecology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035285 TI - Natural-tooth pontic utilization. PMID- 7035286 TI - Conservative abutment modification for removable partial dentures. PMID- 7035290 TI - [Yeasts as an object for the detection and testing of mutagens. I. Estimation of mitotic crossing-over and the problems of a statistical evaluation of its frequency]. AB - Spontaneous frequencies of the total mitotic segregation (ms) and mitotic crossing over (mco) in two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, T1(RAD RAD) and T2(rad2 rad2) have been studied. 90 independent experiments were conducted for T1 and 75 for T2. We observed the following frequencies: 0.17 +/- 0.19% ms, T1; 0.30 +/- 0.034% ms, T2: 0.23 +/- 0.0055% mco, T1; 0.043 +/- 0.0142% mco, T2. The following experimental design is proposed for mutagen screening: at least three independent experiments for control and treatment, with 1000 or more colonies checked in every experiment. If the results of control as well as experimental sets are homogenous, then the Kastenbaum - Bowman test can be applied to evaluate the difference between control and treated groups. PMID- 7035288 TI - The use of standardized casts and prefabricated trays in construction of complete dentures. PMID- 7035287 TI - Safe preparation of the root canal for post-endodontic reinforcement. PMID- 7035291 TI - [Replication characteristics of colicinogenic plasmid ColK in Escherichia coli cells]. AB - A fraction of plasmid DNA from K and X colicins producing Escherichia coli K235 cells was studied. Cells of this strain are shown to contain four types of plasmids with molecular weights of 21.6.10(6), 38.8.10(6) daltons. Transformation of E. coli C600 by a total plasmid DNA yielded clones containing a single plasmid - colicinogenic K factor (ColK, a mol wt 4.4.10(6)). ColK DNA is present in cells in a large number of copies, replicates in the presence of chloramphenicol, requires DNA polymerase I. Two fragments with mol wts 3.4 and 1.1.10(6) are formed when ColK DNA is treated with EcoRI enzyme. After circularization using phage T4 DNA ligase, the 3.4.10(6) fragment was capable of autonomous replication and stable maintenance in E. coli cells, replicated in the presence of chloramphenicol and though unable to synthesize colicin, confered upon cells resistance to colicin K. The mode of ColK DNA replication is studied in mutants temperature-sensitive for the replication of chromosomal DNA. ColK DNA replication is shown to be virtually independent of the dnaA gene product and only slightly dependent on that of the dnaC gene. No replication occurs in the dnaB, dnaF and dnaG mutants at non-permissive temperature. PMID- 7035289 TI - Differential mitotic stability of yeast disomes derived from triploid meiosis. AB - The frequencies of recovered disomy among the meiotic segregants of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) triploids were assessed under conditions in which all 17 yeast chromosomes were monitored simultaneously. The studies employed inbred triploids, in which all homologous centromeres were identical by descent, and single haploid testers carrying genetic markers for all 17 linkage groups. The principal results include: (1) Ascospores from triploid meiosis germinate at frequencies comparable to those from normal diploids, but most fail to produce visible colonies due to the growth-retarding effects of high multiple disomy. (2) The probability of disome formation during triploid meiosis is the same for all chromosomes; disomy for any given chromosome does not exclude simultaneous disomy for any other chromosome. (3) The 17 yeast chromosomes fall into three frequency classes in terms of disome recovery. The results support the idea that multiply disomic meiotic segregants of the triploid experience repeated, nonrandom, post germination mitotic chromosome losses (N + 1 leads to N) and that the observed variations in individual disome recovery are wholly attributable to inherent differences in disome mitotic stability. PMID- 7035292 TI - A method for the selection of deletion mutations in the L-proline catabolism gene cluster of Aspergillus nidulans. PMID- 7035293 TI - Genetic studies of D-alanine-dehydrogenase-less mutants of Escherichia coli K12. PMID- 7035294 TI - The latest word on coping with infections in the elderly. AB - Elderly individuals are particularly susceptible to hospital-acquired infections, partly as a result of underlying chronic conditions that predispose to infection and influence prognosis. Prior antibiotic therapy may allow for colonization with resistant organisms and thus increase the risk of the development of bacterial pneumonia and other infections. PMID- 7035295 TI - [Systematic management of the pregnant diabetic]. PMID- 7035296 TI - [10th anniversary of international cooperation between the USSR and the GDR in the field of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases]. PMID- 7035297 TI - [In vitro alkylation tests: a comparison of the rate of alkylation and mutagenicity]. PMID- 7035298 TI - Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy with metronidazole. AB - Neomycin, an antibiotic which is primarily active against the aerobic gut flora and hence reduces the endogenous production of ammonia, is a well-recognised form of treatment for acute or acute on chronic hepatic encephalopathy. This study suggests that metronidazole may be a useful alternative or even adjunctive treatment for such patients. Theoretical and practical justifications for the use of this drug are presented. The results of a week's prescription of each drug have been assessed by changes in clinical and biochemical criteria, including electroencephalograms and arterial ammonia sample. In the treatment of a series of 11 mildly or moderately, and seven severely affected, patients with histologically confirmed cirrhosis, metronidazole is shown to be as effective as neomycin. PMID- 7035299 TI - Controlled trial of methylprednisolone therapy in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis. AB - The efficacy of methylprednisolone (1 g daily or three days), which is effective in reversing transplant rejection, was assessed in a randomised controlled trial of 55 patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis, 34 of whom had encephalopathy. The clinical progress, frequency of bleeding and sepsis, and cause of death were similar in the treatment (27 patients) and control groups (28 patients). There was no significant difference in mortality rate between the two groups: 57% of the control group and 63% of the treatment group died during the study. Patients' survival depended on the presence of absence of the following features: encephalopathy, serum bilirubin concentration more than 340 micromol/l, serum creatinine concentration more than 250 micromol/l, and histological evidence of cirrhosis as well as severe acute alcoholic hepatitis. PMID- 7035300 TI - Cellular response to alpha-gliadin in untreated coeliac disease. AB - An improved technique for the detection of alpha-gliadin sensitised mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood of untreated coeliac patients is described. This method is a modification of the direct LMIF assay, and involves exposure of lymphocytes to alpha-gliadin and the assay of the resultant lymphokine produced using normal leucocytes as indicator cells. All untreated coeliac patients, 14 of 15 treated patients, and two of 28 controls responded to alpha-gliadin. The direct LMIF assay in comparison is less sensitive, and detected sensitivity to alpha-gliadin in only four out of eight patients with untreated coeliac disease. Use of the indirect LMIF technique demonstrates that in untreated as well as treated coeliac patients there are cells sensitised to alpha-gliadin circulating in the peripheral blood. These findings may have pathogenic and diagnostic significance. PMID- 7035301 TI - The kinetics of mononuclear phagocytes in man. AB - This paper summarizes the essential steps of a systematic cell kinetic analysis of monocytopoiesis in bone marrow and blood monocytes in man [14]. The results are interpreted on the basis of current concepts hypothesizing that blood monocytes have only one source, i.e., monocytopoiesis in bone marrow [8,9], that cells move undirectionally from bone marrow to blood and tissue, and that monocytopoiesis is governed by several control mechanisms. Macrophage kinetics are not discussed because comprehensive studies in man are lacking and due to the present controversy between the notion that all tissue macrophages arise from blood monocytes and the other one which assumes that macrophage precursors exist in tissue [6]. PMID- 7035302 TI - Biochemical properties of human and murine mononuclear phagocytes and their changes on activation. PMID- 7035303 TI - The macrophage as a cytotoxic effector cell. AB - Cells of the macrophage lineage possess three different mechanisms allowing them to act as cytotoxic effector cells: lymphokine-activated macrophages kill extracellularly proliferating target cells, preferentially tumor targets, and intracellularly parasitic microorganism like Salmonella, Toxoplasma, Leishmania, and others. Young macrophages and macrophage precursor cells kill antibody coated nucleated target cells. Finally nonadherent, nonphagocytic macrophage precursor cells, released from the bone marrow to sites of inflammation and to the peripheral blood show strong natural killer activity. For the various macrophage functions different subpopulations seem to be responsible as can be seen from data with antimacrophage monoclonal antibodies recognizing and eliminating functionally active subpopulations. The cells of the macrophage system, with their three cytotoxic effector mechanisms which cooperate and enhance each other, are very likely to play an important role in the cytotoxic defense system of the body. PMID- 7035304 TI - Metabolic studies in gestational diabetic women during contraceptive treatment: effects on glucose tolerance and fatty acid composition of serum lipids. AB - Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) with simultaneous assessment of plasma insulin and analyses of the fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and cholesterol esters were performed in 11 women with previous gestational diabetes before and repeatedly during 6 months' administration of a low-dose progesterone (lynestrenol = LYN). 8 of these women were also followed in an identical manner during 6 months of nonhormonal contraception (intrauterine device = IUD) and additionally 6 of these women were followed also during the use of a combined oral contraceptive (OC) (ethinyl estradiol + lynestrenol - EE + LYN). LYN did not alter the IVGTT or plasma insulin but decreased the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in serum lecithin (p less than 0.01) and cholesterol esters (p less than 0.01) where oleic acid was reciprocally increased (p less than 0.05). After 6 months' use of IUD, on the other hand, the k value of IVGTT increased by 45% (p less than 0.01) without significant changes in plasma insulin. In both lecithin and cholesterol ester PUFA increased (p less than 0.05) and cholesterol ester oleate decreased (p less than 0.01); i.e., virtually the reversal of the changes seen during LYN administration. The combined OC, EE + LYN, caused a decrease in the k value by 27% (p less than 0.05) which was apparent even when compared to the effects of LYN alone. EE + LYN also increased (p less than 0.05) lecithin palmitate and decreased stearate (p less than 0.05) and had a concomitant tendency to lower PUFA and increase oleic acid in both lecithin and cholesterol esters. These results indicate that LYN has little influence on the glucose tolerance in women predisposed to diabetes but may provide poorer conditions for dietary treatment of subclinical diabetes than do nonhormonal IUDs. The combined CO, EE + LYN, on the other hand, promptly diminishes glucose tolerance and may also have an unfavorable influence on liver metabolism. PMID- 7035305 TI - Metergoline in the management of hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea and anovulation. AB - 84 patients with elevated serum PRL levels, ranging from 25 to 253 ng/ml, were treated with an antiserotonin agent, metergoline, at the dose of 12 mg/day for 90 days. The clinical complaint was of amenorrhea in 70 cases (plus galactorrhea in 44 cases) and of anovulation in 14 cases (plus galactorrhea in 6 cases). Hyperprolactinemia was due to a pituitary adenoma in 18 cases; in 53 cases it was of unknown origin, while in 7 cases it followed treatment with neuroleptics or with oral contraceptives and in 6 cases it followed a puerperium. In patients with amenorrhea, metergoline induced the appearance of menses in 61 cases (94%), and of ovulation in 46 cases (82%). In 13 of the 14 patients with anovulation, ovulation was restored. Galactorrhea disappeared in 40 out of 50 patients. Metergoline normalized serum PRL levels (less than 20 ng/ml) in 46 cases and significantly reduced serum PRL levels in all but 3 of the remaining patients. In spite of suggested nonhormonal contraceptive measures, 14 patients became pregnant; 2 had abortions and the remaining 12 patients completed by vaginal delivery, uneventful pregnancies. These results indicate metergoline as a safe and effective drug in the management of hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea and anovulation. 49 patients were followed for 2 additional months, receiving no treatment (24 cases) or metergoline at a reduced daily dosage (8 mg/day, 25 cases). Within 60 days, 60% of the first group had relapse of the clinical condition and a rebound elevation of serum PRL levels while only 20% of the second group experienced relapse of amenorrhea and rebound elevation of serum PRL levels (p less than 0.01). PMID- 7035306 TI - Increased release of vascular prostacyclin-like activity after long-term treatment of diabetic rats with Bay g 6575. AB - 10 male Wistar rats were made diabetic by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin. 10 sex and age-matched rats served as control animals. 5 of the diabetic and 5 of the control rats received Bay g 6575 (20 mg/kg orally) for 6 days each week throughout the whole study period (9-11 months). From these animals aorta was removed for prostacyclin bioassay based upon its platelet aggregation inhibitory effect. The diabetic rats treated with Bay g 6575 released significantly more prostacyclin than the controls (p less than 0.005). Our study suggests further experiments in other animal models more susceptible to diabetic vascular lesions than the rat model to evaluate the possible beneficial role of the treatment with Bay g 6575. PMID- 7035307 TI - The porphyrias--a review. PMID- 7035308 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of the immune hemolytic anemias. AB - Immune hemolytic anemia can be treated by blood transfusion, steroids, cytotoxic drugs, plasmapheresis, and splenectomy. However, the benefits of therapy are dependent upon the relationship of treatment to the etiology of disease. Thus, effective therapy requires sufficient diagnostic precision to distinguish between allogeneic and autologous antibodies, recognize the etiologic role of immunogenic drugs, and define the immunoglobulin classes of both cold and warm reactive autoantibodies along with their complement interactions. PMID- 7035309 TI - Iron stores in healthy pregnant women as determined by immunoradiometry of their serum ferritin levels. PMID- 7035310 TI - [Afterload reduction and vasodilator therapy (author's transl)]. AB - The concept of clinical application of the vasodilator therapy for the treatment of cardiac failure is based on the experimental findings that defined the inverse relationship between force and velocity or extent of muscle shortening at constant muscle lengths. In the intact heart, a new construct has recently been proposed in hopes of better understanding the behavior of the normal or depressed human ventricle in which the shortening during ejection is considered to reflect the appropriateness of the matching between the existing afterload and the level of inotropic state, as modulated by the preload (or Frank-Starling) reserve. In the normal left ventricle, if the preload is not allowed to compensate for an acute increase in afterload, or if the limit of preload reserve is reached, shortening of the ventricular wall will diminish; that is, afterload mismatch will ensue. The view that an afterload mismatch can exist in the basal state provides an explanation for the fact that cardiac output and ventricular function can be improved when afterload is reduced in patients with severe left ventricular failure complicated with acute myocardial infarction or with mitral or aortic regurgitation. However, in the ischemic myocardium, the effect of interventions which alter the afterload on the left ventricular ejection is also determined by the pre-existing ischemic status. Thus, depending on the magnitude of coronary flow reduction, a potentially beneficial drug can be detrimental to an ischemic myocardium. PMID- 7035311 TI - [Study of platelet aggregation by the filtration pressure method (author's transl)]. AB - Using Hornstra's "filter loop" technique, effects of prostaglandins and vasodilators on ADP-induced platelet aggregation were studied in anaesthetized dogs. ADP-induced platelet aggregation was observed as a transient, reversible elevation of pressure before filter. This pressure change was reproducible and dose-related. PGI2 and PGE1 suppressed the elevation of pressure induced by ADP and decreased the spontaneous elevation of pressure. Thus, it was reconfirmed that PGI2 and PGE1 not only suppressed ADP-induced platelet aggregation but also produced a disaggregation of aggregated platelets. AFter indomethacin, ADP induced platelet aggregation was potentiated and sometimes became exceedingly protracted, indicating that anti-aggregatory prostaglandin was always present in the circulating blood. Close-injection of bradykinin did not suppress ADP-induced platelet aggregation, while intravenous injection did produce a suppression. After indomethacin, this inhibitory effect was greatly attenuated, indicating a release of anti-aggregatory prostaglandin (PGI2?) by bradykinin. Coronary vasodilators, such as dipyridamole and nifedipine did not inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation, nor did sulfinpyrazone. It is concluded that the "filter loop" technique is a useful method that allows aggregation and disaggregation reactions to be followed continuously and quantitatively in the blowing blood. The effects of drugs on platelet aggregation can be assessed in connection with hemodynamic changes such as blood pressure and heart rate induced by systemic administration of the drugs. PMID- 7035312 TI - [Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor cells using choline acetyltransferase (author's transl)]. AB - For an immunohistochemical analysis of cellular function of tumors, as related to acetylcholine, the antibody to choline acetyltransferase from bovine brain was obtained in guinea pigs. The specificity of the antibody was immunohistochemically studied in the cervical spinal cord of the mouse. And the findings coincided well with the biochemically and histochemically data on the distribution of choline acetyltransferase or acetylcholinesterase in the spinal cord. The choline acetyltransferase activity in the tumor cells at 6-10 days after subculture was 2.26 nmol/1 x 10(5) cells/hr in glioblastoma, 1.77 nmol/1 x 10(5) cells/hr in C-1300 and 1.45 nmol/1 x 10(5) cells/hr in sarcoma and the difference was statistical. In the immunohistochemical cell staining of these tumors, the rate of fluorescence-positive cells was 82.0% in glioblastoma, 37.3% in C-1300 and 4.2% in sarcoma. These findings coincide well with data on the enzymatic activity. The antibody is applicable not only in the field of the immunohistochemistry, but also for a mechanical analysis of cells at the single cell level, as demonstrated by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS). PMID- 7035313 TI - [Speech sound spectra after insertion of dental plates]. PMID- 7035314 TI - [Therapy of diabetic coma]. PMID- 7035315 TI - [100 years of German social insurance]. PMID- 7035317 TI - [Continent ileostomy. Indications and results]. PMID- 7035316 TI - [The different faces of the hemispheres. The presentation of the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology 1981 to the neurobiologists Sperry, Hubel and Wiesel]. PMID- 7035318 TI - [Neural origin and modulation by hypothalamic catecholamines of pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone in ovariectomized rats (author's transl)]. AB - The origin of pulsatile LH secretion and its modulation by hypothalamic catecholamines were studied in long-term ovariectomized rats. When the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) was completely deafferentated, the suprachiasmatic nuclei being excluded from the island, episodic LH secretion with a lowered basal level persisted, and periods were unchanged. When the pituitary portal vessels were effectively lesioned electrically, pulsatile fluctuation in the plasma LH level was abolished with a lowered basal level. Various doses (from 10(-3) to 10( 6) M) of dopamine (DA), apomorphine (APO) and norepinephrine (NE) were injected into the lateral ventricle of the brain of ovariectomized rats. After injection of DA and APO separately, episodic LH secretion was markedly suppressed and LH levels were lowered. Similar effects were obtained after intraventricular injection of NE. When brain catecholamines were depleted by prior treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), basal levels in ovariectomized rats were elevated and the amplitude was augmented without noticeable change in the frequency of LH episodes. It is surmised that LH episodism originates in the MBH and both DA and NE exert an inhibitory action on it. The mode of action of the catecholamines appears not frequency-modulated, but of amplitude modulation of LH episodism. PMID- 7035319 TI - Is glucagon present in the human gastric fundus? AB - The presence of pancreatic type glucagon in the fetal and adult human gastric fundus was examined by radioimmunoassay and by an indirect immunofluorescence technique using specific antiserum against pancreatic glucagon. Although pancreatic type glucagon-containing cell (glucagon-positive cell) were demonstrated in the fetal gastric fundus in 16th, 18th, 23rd and 29th week's gestation, they were not detected in the adult gastric fundus. This immunohistochemical finding was supported by radioimmunoassay study for glucagon in gastric fundus in which there was 52 pg/mg of glucagon in the fetal gastric fundus at 20th week's gestation while glucagon was negligible in the adult gastric fundus. The findings, therefore, suggest that glucagon-positive cells in the human gastric fundus may play an important role in the maintenance of fetal life. Moreover, one fourth of glucagon-positive cells in the fetal gastric fundus reached the gut lumen with their cytoplasmic processes. In view of the finding that none of the canine glucagon-positive cells in the gastric fundus had contact with the gut lumen, the morphological feature of glucagon-positive cells in the human, fetal gastric fundus suggests that the function of glucagon-positive cells in the human, fetal gastric fundus may be somewhat different from that in other mammals. PMID- 7035320 TI - Effect of glucagon on carbohydrate metabolism in Zucker fatty rats. AB - In response to arginine infusion, Zucker fatty rats developed hyperglycemia accompanying hyperglucagonemia and hyperinsulinemia. The hyperglycemia could not be explained by changes in the ratio of glucagon/insulin. However, arginine infusion failed to increase plasma glucose in fatty rats pretreated with anti glucagon serum, suggesting a hyperglycemic effect of glucagon released by arginine. Kinetic studies of glucose metabolism revealed that the rates of glucose appearance (Ra) and glucose disappearance (Rd) of lean rats rapidly and simultaneously increased to the same extent after the start of arginine infusion. By contrast, in fatty rats, Ra markedly increased immediately after the start of the infusion, but Rd did not significantly increase until hyperglycemia was established. Overall insulin sensitivity of fatty rats was markedly reduced, determined by the steady state plasma glucose method. We conclude tht arginine induced hyperglycemia in fatty rats is caused by enhanced glucose output from the liver due to hyperglucagonemia and/or by decreased glucose utilization due to insulin resistance. PMID- 7035321 TI - Enhanced insulin secretion and calcium uptake by Zucker "fatty" rat islets. AB - The relationship of the net uptake of calcium to insulin secretion by pancreatic islets isolated from Zucker "fatty" rats and their lean counterparts was studied. Islets from "fatty" rats secreted 1.5 to 3 times as much insulin as did the lean rat islets over a glucose concentration range of 0 to 27.7 mM. Over the same glucose concentration range, calcium accumulation was 2-fold greater in islets from the "fatty" rats than from the others. Both insulin secretion and calcium uptake were 2 to 3 fold greater for islets from the "fatty" rats than those from the lean animals over an extracellular calcium concentration range of up to 5 mEq/L. The data indicate that for islets isolated from Zucker "fatty" rats insulin hypersecretion in response to glucose and extra-cellular calcium is associated with enhanced calcium accumulation. PMID- 7035322 TI - Effects of fasting and refeeding on insulin binding to liver plasma membranes and hepatocytes from normal rats. AB - The effect of acute and chronic starvation on insulin binding to liver cells and liver cell membranes was studied in normal rats. A short-term (1 day) fasting period did not induce significant changes in insulin binding to liver plasma membranes in spite of the hypoinsulinemia present in the rats, as compared with normo-insulinemic fed controls. Longer periods of fasting (2 and 4 days) elicited an increase in insulin binding to liver membranes that was due to an increase in the number of insulin receptors rather than to changes in affinity. All groups of membranes were similar with respect to the rates of association and dissociation of hormone, degree of negative cooperativity and extents of both hormone and receptor inactivation. The fasting-induced increase of insulin binding was not a consequence of the methodological procedure for membrane isolation since the same conclusions were obtained when intact hepatocytes were used. Refeeding of fasted animals resulted in a decrease of insulin binding together with an increase of insulinemia towards the fed control values. These results suggest that the number of insulin receptors is inversely related to the circulating levels of the hormone and support the hypothesis of insulin regulating its own receptor. PMID- 7035323 TI - Effect of metoclopramide on plasma aldosterone in normal subjects, primary aldosteronism and hypopituitarism. AB - The behaviour of plasma renin, aldosterone, cortisol and prolactin after administration of a drug with antidopaminergic action, metoclopramide, was evaluated in 6 normal subjects, 8 patients affected by primary aldosteronism and in 5 patients affected by anterior hypopituitarism. In the first two groups, besides the predictable increase of prolactin under metoclopramide, a significant aldosterone increase was noted. Cortisol remained unchanged, and PRA was not significantly increased. A similar pattern of aldosterone, cortisol and PRA was also found in patients with hypopituitarism. However, the plasma prolactin did not increase in this group. The comparative examination of three groups of patients leads us to conclude that aldosterone increase is not imputable to ACTH, renin or to prolactin. This may be explained by a possible direct effect of the antidopaminergic drug at the adrenal level, which is more likely than an effect through some yet undetermined factor. PMID- 7035324 TI - In-situ T lymphocyte identification in cutaneous tissue sections of benign and malignant dermatoses. AB - An indirect immunoperoxidase technique employing a specific anti-human T lymphocyte antiserum has been used to identify T lymphocytes in cutaneous tissue sections of various benign and malignant dermatoses. Skin biopsies from patients with histologically confirmed lichen planus, discoid lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen's disease, keratoacanthoma, malignant melanoma, inflamed serborrhoeic warts, sarcoidosis, follicular lymphoma and multicentric reticulohistiocytosis were examined. T lymphocytes were found to be the predominant cell type in the cutaneous infiltrates of the majority of these dermatoses. However, only few T lymphocytes were identified in sarcoidosis where they tended to be restricted to the periphery of the epithelioid cell granulomas. Similarly, in the cutaneous infiltrates of follicular lymphoma and in a patient with multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, few T lymphocytes were identified. PMID- 7035325 TI - Scanning electron microscopy. AB - The technology of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is described in brief. Its application to the study of cell and tissue structure is demonstrated and the evolution of the concept of "topographical histology" is discussed. Some current literature on the application of SEM is reviewed under the headings of experimental pathology and human pathology. While SEM has become an indispensable technique for the experimental morphologist, its application to diagnostic pathology and cytology is still at an early exploratory stage. PMID- 7035326 TI - Morphological identification of alpha-I-antitrypsin in the human small intestine. AB - Alpha-I-antitrypsin immunoreactivity was demonstrated by immunofluorescence in epithelial cells of the normal human small intestine. Its presence was also confirmed in biopsies of patients with Crohn's disease. Specific fluorescence was observed in only four out of 14 adult patients with coeliac disease. These results implicate the human small intestinal epithelium as a possible source of alpha-I-antitrypsin. The absence of positive cells may have implications in the aetiology of coeliac disease. PMID- 7035327 TI - Historical origins of modern research on hormones and behavior. PMID- 7035328 TI - Mental health outreach and consultation services for the elderly. AB - The elderly are generally acknowledged to be at high risk for developing mental illness. Yet most elderly individuals do not voluntarily ask for psychiatric services, however great their need. Moreover, they are reluctant to deal with even one member of the health care network, much less an array of social service providers in a number of service settings. Outreach, therefore, has become the most successful method for ensuring that services reach as many needy elderly persons as possible. The author discusses the development of outreach services beginning with the establishment of the community mental health movement in the 1960s. A number of issues important to program planning are discussed, as are some of the barriers to accessibility for aged clients. The author describes in detail the geriatric outreach program of the Massachusetts Mental Health Center and offers a case study of how outreach affected one aged couple. PMID- 7035329 TI - Hospitals reorganize to survive the '80s. AB - Corporate restructuring and development of multi-institutional arrangements can enable hospitals to implement strategies for ensuring quality of care, developing access to capital, developing new sources of revenue, and more. Several models of these two approaches to reorganization are described. PMID- 7035330 TI - McMahon decries 2 percent disallowance under Medicare. PMID- 7035331 TI - Shifting the cost--and the blame. PMID- 7035332 TI - Demonstration of sister chromatid differentiation in human amniotic fluid cells after partial synchronization of BrdU or dT surplus. AB - Protocols are compared demonstrating sister chromatid differentiation (SCD) in human amniotic fluid (AF) cells with and without partial synchronization. Partial synchronization both with an excess of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and an excess of thymidine leads to an increase of metaphases with SCD. Compared with unsynchronized cells, the rate of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) is not increased. Studies on the late replicating X chromosome of female cells showed that the addition of mitomycin C (MMC) after releasing the thymidine block preferentially induces SCEs in late replicating regions. The partial synchronization with thymidine surplus provided a good basis for SCE experiments with AF cells and facilitates the prenatal diagnosis of diseases characterized by changes in the SCE rate. PMID- 7035333 TI - The application of DNA recombinant technology to the analysis of the human genome and genetic disease. AB - Recombinant DNA technology permits the isolation of libraries of DNA sequences corresponding to either the whole genome of an individual or the expressed sequences of a given cell type. Gene-specific probes isolated from these libraries may be used for the identification of DNA sequences in the genome necessary for normal gene function and for the study of the consequences of mutations and rearrangements in these sequences which give rise to the clinical symptoms in genetic disease. DNA sequence polymorphisms can be used to construct a genetic linkage map of the entire human genome. This allows the development of antenatal diagnoses for monogenic diseases even in the absence of an understanding of the biochemical defect. PMID- 7035334 TI - Adjacent 2 meiotic disjunction. report of a case resulting from a familial 13q;15q balanced reciprocal translocation and review of the literature. AB - An abnormal short-lived female infant with almost complete trisomy 13 (pter leads to q32 or 33) and partial monosomy 15 (pter leads to q14 or 15) resulting from an adjacent 2 meiotic disjunction of a paternal reciprocal translocation is described. Cases with monosomy of chromosome 15 material are reviewed. It appears likely that monosomy of an interstitial long arm segment, approximating to 15q21 leads to 24, imparts the lethality associated with the full monosomic condition. Adjacent 2 disjunction in man has been further characterised by reviewing the literature. PMID- 7035335 TI - A search for the Indianapolis-variant of human alcohol dehydrogenase in liver autposy samples from North Germany and Japan. AB - Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) variants were screened in random autopsy specimens from 53 North German and 34 Japanese individuals. Based on pH-activity profile and electrophoretic pattern, only ADH2 and ADH3 variants were detected. In relatively fresh specimens, an "anodic band" or "pi-ADH" band was also observed. The recently reported new molecular forms collectively called "ADH Indianapolis" (Bosron et al. 1980) could not be demonstrated and therefore may be confined hitherto only to the American black population. PMID- 7035336 TI - A simple method to demonstrate the fragile X chromosome in fibroblasts. PMID- 7035337 TI - Mitotic crossing-over and segregation in man. PMID- 7035338 TI - High resolution analysis and differential condensation in RBA-banded human chromosomes. AB - Human prophase, premetaphase, and mid-metaphase chromosomes are prepared and analyzed using the thymidine cell synchronization technique and R-banding patterns (RBA). Haploid sets with 700-1000 bands can be demonstrated. Sequences of chromosomes of different degrees of condensation are helpful for a better understanding and classification of regions of extended chromosomes. A considerable variation in the condensation of parts of homologous chromosomes is reflected in the variability of the arm ratio. This differential condensation of chromosomes is entirely effected by variation of the degree of condensation in AT rich interbands and can be attributed to the degree of labeling by BrdU. PMID- 7035339 TI - Primary cultures of fetal hepatocytes from the genetically obese Zucker rat: protein synthesis. AB - Primary fetal hepatocytes derived from Zucker rats with expected fa gene frequencies of 0.0 and 0.75 have been established and can be used to detect early effects of the fa gene on hepatocellular metabolism. Paired incubation experiments demonstrate that protein synthesis in 0.75 fa gene cultures is significantly less than in 0.0 fa gene cultures under basal conditions. Insulin stimulates protein synthesis in 0.0 fa gene cultures but has no effect on 0.75 fa gene cultures. Cycloheximide inhibits protein synthesis in both types of culture. NH4Cl inhibits protein synthesis in 0.0 but not in 0.75 fa gene cultures. These data suggest that fetal hepatocytes bearing the fa gene have in vitro a generally sluggish anabolic capacity and a blunted capacity to respond to insulin compared to fetal hepatocytes without the fa gene. These diminished capacities may be expression of a genetic error in lysosomal function. PMID- 7035340 TI - Stimulation of B cells, but not T cells or thymocytes, by a sialic acid-specific lectin. AB - Haemolymph of the American lobster, Homarus americanus, contains several lectins. One of these, lobster agglutinin 1 (LAg1) is specific for N-acetylneuraminic acid and agglutinates mouse and human erythrocytes. In addition, this lectin agglutinates peripheral T cells and cortisone-resistant thymocytes, but agglutinates whole thymocytes poorly. Because this material is being used to prepare purified populations of cortical thymocytes, and then to study their maturation, it was important to determine if it is mitogenic for thymocytes and T cells. Thus, the studies described here were conducted to find if LAg1 is a mitogen for mouse lymphocytes, and if so for what cell populations. The data show that purified LAg1, but not purified lobster agglutinin 2 (LAg2) is a mitogen for mouse spleen cells, and that LAg1 is a polyclonal activator. Furthermore, LAg1 is a B-cell mitogen since it stimulates nude spleen cells, nude spleen cells depleted of pre-T cells, and normal spleen cells which have been treated with rabbit anti-mouse brain antiserum and complement. Moreover, LAg1 does not stimulate division by thymocytes or T cells, that is, spleen cells which do not adhere to nylon wool columns. Mitogenic activity of LAg1 but not of LPS is inhibited by N-acetylmannosamine, demonstrating that the mitogenic effects of LAg1 are unlikely to be due to contaminants. PMID- 7035341 TI - IgA antibodies in the bile of rats. I. Some characteristics of the primary response. AB - About a week after suspensions of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or killed Brucella abortus organisms were injected into the Peyer's patches of Wistar rats specific agglutinins of the IgA class appeared in the bile of titres which equalled or exceeded those of the IgG and IgM agglutinins in the blood serum. The injection of these antigens by conventional routes was relatively ineffective in inducing biliary antibodies. The relationship between the dose of B. abortus injected into the Peyer's patches and ensuing humoral response in the bile was investigated; a single dose of 5x10(5) organisms caused no detectable biliary response, while a dose of 10(9) organisms caused a substantial response in which specific antibodies persisted in the bile for several months, even though immunogenic material could not be recovered from the injection sites (the Peyer's patches) after a few weeks. A haemolytic plaque assay showed that many antibody-forming cells occurred in the mesenteric nodes and that up to half of them were synthesizing IgA. Few antibody-forming cells were found in Peyer's patches, and although some IgA-forming cells were found in the spleen they were less numerous, both in absolute terms and relative to cells producing other isotypes, than in the mesenteric nodes. The active production of biliary antibody was transferred to unimmunized recipients by thoracic duct lymph cells collected a few days after immunization of the donors when their lymph contained an increased percentage of immunoblasts. Athymic (nude) rats produced normal amounts of specific, biliary, IgA antibodies after immunization in the Peyer's patches with B. abortus but made no detectable response to similar injections of SRBC. PMID- 7035342 TI - Human anti-tetanus toxin precipitating and co-precipitating antibodies. PMID- 7035343 TI - Auto-immunity and prostaglandins. AB - Several auto-immune diseases have been described in human beings. Though the exact aetiological agent(s) is not known, clinical or subclinical viral infections and certain drugs are known to induce them. Hyperactivity of B-cells, possibly due to the loss of normal regulatory control by T-cells may account for the increased synthesis of auto-antibodies in these diseases. Prostaglandins (PGs) are known to regulate immune response and fibrous tissue formation. Deficiency of PGE1 and/or thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and excess PGE2 seem to activate B-cells and suppress T-Cell function and enhance fibrosis. Viruses are known to block the enzyme delta-6-desaturase necessary for PGE1 synthesis and thus depress cell-mediated immune response. Drugs known to cause autoimmune disorders also seem to block PGE1 and/or TxA2 synthesis and enhance PGE2 formation which may lead to excess auto-antibody formation. Drugs like colchicine known to enhance TxA2 formation and the biological actions of PGE1 were found to be of benefit in Behcet's syndrome, vasculitis, amyloidosis, scleroderma and in controlling the auto-immune disease in adjuvant arthritis in rats, the renal disease in NZB/W mice and passively transferred vasculitis. Thus altered PG function may play a major role in auto-immunity. PMID- 7035344 TI - The immotile-cilia syndrome. Functional and ultrastructural alterations. AB - Literature was critically reviewed on the grounds of the ultrastructural and clinical observations made on three subjects carriers of Kartagener's syndrome. The relationship between the various ultrastructural aspects (lack of dynein arms and casual orientation of the central microtubular doublet) and the clinical evidence elicited in all the sites lined with ciliated epithelia (auditory apparatus, vestibular apparatus, genital organs and central nervous system). Attribution of the genesis of situs viscerum inversus to lack of ciliar motion was brought up for discussion again. PMID- 7035345 TI - Maintenance of allogeneic cell recognition in allograft tolerant mice. AB - The organ distribution of 51Cr-labelled lymph node cells following transfer to syngeneic, allogeneic and specifically tolerant allogeneic recipients were compared. Neonatal induction of transplantation tolerance in several donor recipient combinations involving different H-2 haplotypes had no effect on the reduction of homing into lymph nodes and the values of the homing did not differ from those of the untreated allogeneic recipients. In both cases, they amounted to 45-55% of the syngeneic controls. Even those neonatally treated animals, which had not been rendered tolerant at birth and rejected test skin grafts, were not capable of removing the transferred allogeneic cells by a typical immune elimination. The results indicate that animals recognize allogeneic cells, irrespective of whether or not they reject test skin grafts. PMID- 7035346 TI - Structural features and selective expression of three Ly-5+ cell-surface molecules. AB - Conventional Ly-5 alloantisera precipitate cell-surface molecules of three sizes: 200K, 205K, and 220K. In SDS-PAGE, the rat monoclonal antibody 74/8' precipitates the same three molecules from both Ly-5.1 and Ly-5.2 cells. Cleveland mapping of the three molecules, precipitated by reaction of conventional Ly-5 alloantisera or 74/8' monoclonal antibody with lysates of 125I-labeled cells, disclosed no differences among the three molecular forms, but markedly distinguished all three Ly-5.1 molecules from all three Ly-5.2 molecules. Each of the three molecular forms can be expressed independently of the other two by cloned culture lines of Ly-5+ cells of different hematopoietic lineage. All of the seven cloned lines tested expressed only one form. However, two of the seven uncloned culture lines tested, plasmacytoma MOPC-70A and the X.1 putative macrophage line which originated from an SJL tumor, yielded both 200K and 205K forms. PMID- 7035347 TI - Immunochemical analysis of anti-HLA-A2, HLA-A3, and HLA-B27 xenoantisera elicited with hybrids between human and murine cells. AB - Rabbits were immunized with hybrids constructed with human and murine cells. Serological and immunochemical studies showed that xenoantiserum 1595 is operationally specific for HLA-A2, xenoantisera 0806 and 0746 for HLA-A3 and xenoantiserum 0745 for HLA-B27. The Fab2 blocking assay suggests a spatial relationship between allotypic determinants recognized by the xenoantisera and those reacting with the HLA-A, B-specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) Q1/28, 6/31, Q6/64, and CR-1 and the anti-beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-mu) MoAb NAMB-1. PMID- 7035348 TI - Genetic susceptibility to post-thymectomy autoimmune diseases in mice. AB - The strain distribution pattern of five different post-thymectomy autoimmune diseases was determined in 21 inbred and two congenic, resistant strains of mice. The results indicated that susceptibility genes outside the H-2 complex may be involved in the development of localized autoimmune diseases in neonatally thymectomized mice. Studies of recombinant inbred strains also showed that susceptibility to gastritis was not associated with the H-2 haplotype but appeared to be influenced by a minor histocompatibility locus. Possible linkage to the H-2 complex was suggested only in the development of coagulating gland adenitis. Although one experiment showed that susceptibility to orchitis and coagulating gland adenitis was inherited as a recessive trait, further studies are required to determine the exact mode of inheritance in each disease system. PMID- 7035349 TI - Current management of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 7035350 TI - Phenacetin: an overview of its toxicity, metabolism and analysis. PMID- 7035351 TI - Biological monitoring of aromatic amines and their metabolites using short-term tests for carcinogenicity. PMID- 7035352 TI - A survey of techniques for estimating and monitoring aromatic amines of major industrial importance. PMID- 7035353 TI - Effect of endotoxins on rabbit lens. PMID- 7035355 TI - [Thimble crowns or partial caps]. PMID- 7035354 TI - Phagocytosis and binding via complement receptors by salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Modulation by saliva and gingival exudate. AB - The ability of oral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to phagocytose Candida albicans cells and bind Salmonella typhi via complement receptors was investigated. A significantly higher percent of oral PMNs could phagocytose and bind via complement receptors as compared to peripheral blood PMNs. While treatment of peripheral blood PMNs with the donor's saliva caused an increase in the number of complement-receptor bearing cells, as well as a partial increase in phagocytosis, PMNs treated with gingival crevicular fluid (CF) showed a decrease both in phagocytosis and binding. The complexity of environmental conditions and factors, and its role in PMN functions in inflammatory sites is discussed. PMID- 7035356 TI - [Carbohydrate infusion in internal diseases. A comparative study of metabolically healthy persons and liver disease and diabetic patients. III. Glucose infusion over a 48-hour period]. AB - 6 metabolically healthy control persons, 6 patients with liver cirrhosis, and 6 patients with diabetes were infused for 48 hours with a 20 % (w/v) glucose solution. The infusion rate was 0,25 g glucose/kg body weight and hour. A constant surveillance of the metabolical status was performed by control of 39 different laboratory values. In all 3 groups, glucose infusion alone was sufficient for basal metabolic rate. This was shown by the inhibition of lipolysis as well as in the decreased catabolism. Only the diabetic group exhibited high blood-sugar values and an energy loss up to 10 % of the administered glucose. We could not observe any side effects. PMID- 7035357 TI - [Carbohydrate infusion in internal diseases. A comparative study of metabolically healthy persons and liver disease and diabetic patients. IV. Infusion of a glucose-fructose mixture (1:1 ratio) over a 48-hour period]. AB - 6 patients with liver cirrhosis, 6 patients with diabetes and 6 control persons were infused for 48 h with a mixed carbohydrate solution (glucose/fructose, 1:1). The infusion rate was supposed to be 0,25 g carbohydrates/kg and hour. The metabolical status was surveilled by 39 different laboratory values. The results showed that compared to a pure glucose solution blood glucose levels where decreased. Basic blood glucose levels were passed only in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, the glucose values were not as much elevated that permanent insulin administration would have been necessary. The antilipolytic, antiketogenic and anticatabolic efficacy was comparable to an equicaloric glucose infusion. PMID- 7035359 TI - Meralgia paraesthetica as a complication of bone grafting. PMID- 7035358 TI - The treatment of osteitis complicating tibial fractures. AB - A six-part scheme for the treatment of osteitis complicating tibial fractures is presented: (1) wound excision; (2) external fixation; (3) open irrigation drainage; (4) cancellous bone grafting; (5) split skin grafting; (6) full weight bearing in a plaster cast. Of 20 cases, 14 of which were ununited, remission of the infection was achieved in 17 with in 27 months (mean 10.8 months). All 14 ununited fractures went on to union within 20 months (mean 9.5 months). PMID- 7035360 TI - Migration of a wire from the sternoclavicular joint to the pericardial cavity. PMID- 7035361 TI - Escherichia coli-associated porcine neonatal diarrhea: antibacterial activities of colostrum from genetically susceptible and resistant sows. AB - Antibacterial properties of colostrum from genetically resistant and susceptible sows in a herd in which only the susceptible sows had acquired natural immunity to K88-positive Escherichia coli have been investigated. Significant differences in antiadhesive and opsonic activities occurred. Colostrum from susceptible sows inhibited the binding of 125I-labeled K88 antigen to brush borders significantly better than did the colostrum from resistant dams. Colostrum from susceptible dams effected more efficient in vitro opsonic phagocytosis and killing of K88 E. coli than did colostrum from resistant dams. Differences in bactericidal properties of colostrum between the two groups of pigs were not significant. Fractionation of colostrum from susceptible dams by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography revealed that the fractions rich in immunoglobulin M had the highest opsonic activity, whereas those containing predominantly immunoglobulins G and A were of lower activity. PMID- 7035362 TI - Biological activity of a new synthetic muramyl peptide adjuvant devoid of pyrogenicity. AB - Immunostimulant activities of muramyl dipeptide (enhancement of specific immune responses and of nonspecific resistance to infection) were retained by its N acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutaminyl-n-butyl ester derivative, although very large amounts administered intravenously, or even by the very sensitive intracerebroventricular route, did not elicit fever in the rabbit. This analog also appeared to be devoid of other secondary effects which have been observed after administration of muramyl dipeptide. PMID- 7035363 TI - Further studies on replication of virulent Treponema pallidum in tissue cultures of Sf1Ep cells. AB - A number of parameters aimed at optimizing culture conditions for both Sf1Ep cells and Treponema pallidum have been investigated. Optimum temperature for replication of T. pallidum ranged between 33 and 35 degrees C. At 33 degrees C, replication occurred in the presence of atmospheric oxygen concentrations of less than 0.3 to 10%, the optimum range being 1.5 to 5%. No replication occurred in the presence of 12.5% oxygen. When both temperature and oxygen concentrations were varied between 33 and 35 degrees C and 1.5 to 5%, respectively, little differences in replication were noted. Although variation in the oxygen concentration within each temperature group had little or no effect on replication, it did have an effect on motility, which remained greater in the 5% oxygen concentration after 9 to 12 days of cultivation. Optimum concentration of fetal bovine serum in the culture medium was 20%, although replication occurred in concentrations ranging from 5 to 30%. If carefully screened, calf serum could be substituted for fetal bovine serum. Testis extract was an essential component of the culture medium. Although extract obtained from an adult rabbit--either normal or T. pallidum infected--was slightly superior, replication of T. pallidum occurred when rat or hamster testis extract was substituted. PMID- 7035364 TI - Effect of trace metals on growth of Streptococcus mutans in a teflon chemostat. AB - Correlations between the presence of certain trace metals in dental enamel or in drinking water and the incidence of human dental caries have been demonstrated; therefore, the effects of several trace metals on growth of the cariogenic organism Streptococcus mutans OMZ176 were determined. For continuous growth in a chemically defined medium (treated with Chelex-100 to lower trace metal contamination and supplemented with high-purity trace metal salts) used in a chemostat constructed of Teflon, S. mutans required input of carbon dioxide and supplementation with magnesium (126 microM) and manganese (18 to 54 microM). Addition of iron (3.6 microM) increased the level of steady-state growth by a factor of 2.8 (stimulation index [SI]); zinc at 0.4 microM nearly doubled equilibrium growth (SI = 0.9). Higher concentrations of iron and zinc (5.4 and 0.8 microM, respectively) were less stimulatory (SI values of 1.95 and 0.3, respectively). Small (but statistically significant) increases in steady-state growth were effected by cobalt (SI = 0.3 at 5.1 to 20.4 microM) and tin (SI = 0.4 at 5.1 to 10.2 microM). These data suggest nutritional requirements for these metals. Copper at a concentration of 0.16 microM was inhibitory. These results show significant effects of these metals on growth of S. mutans and may confirm epidemiological evidence suggesting a role for certain trace metals in the incidence of dental caries. PMID- 7035365 TI - Berberine inhibits intestinal secretory response of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli enterotoxins. AB - Berberine, an alkaloid from the plant Berberis aristata, which has been known since ancient times as an antidiarrheal medication in India and China, inhibited by approximately 70% the secretory responses of the heat-labile enterotoxins of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli in the rabbit ligated intestinal loop model. The drug was effective when given either before or after enterotoxin binding and when given either intraluminally or parenterally; it did not inhibit the stimulation of adenylate cyclase by cholera enterotoxin and caused no histological damage to intestinal mucosa. Berberine also markedly inhibited the secretory response of E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin in the infant mouse model. Although the mechanism of action of the drug is not yet known, these data provide a rationale for its apparent clinical usefulness in treating acute diarrheal disease. PMID- 7035366 TI - Reappraisal of lymphocyte responsiveness to concanavalin A during experimental syphilis: evidence that glycosaminoglycans in the sera and tissues interfere ith active binding sites on the lectin and not with the lymphocytes. AB - No significant differences were noted between the responses of lymphocytes from normal and Treponema pallidum-infected rabbits to concanavalin A. When added to cultures of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, however, sera and tissue supernatant fluids from infected rabbits were capable of suppressing the response to concanavalin A. Although immune complexes were regularly present in suppressive sera and tissue extracts, additional experiments in which both direct and indirect approaches were used indicated that immune complexes were not responsible for the observed depression. Sequential stimulation studies, done with purified glycosaminoglycan materials obtained from suppressive sera and testicular fluids, and specific absorption studies suggested that this material blocks active sites on the lectin and merely prevents recognition of the mitogen by otherwise functionally active cells. PMID- 7035367 TI - Group B, type III streptococcal cell wall: composition and structural aspects revealed through endo-N-acetylmuramidase-catalyzed hydrolysis. AB - Cell walls from a group B, type III streptococcus strain were prepared, purified by extraction with sodium dodecyl sulfate, and solubilized by the M-1 fraction of mutanolysin, an endo-N-acetylmuramidase obtained from Streptomyces globisporus. The lysate was resolved into three fractions by ion-exchange chromatography: a fraction containing peptidoglycan (PG) fragments, free of neutral and acidic sugars and of phosphate; a complex of PG fragments and group B-specific polysaccharide; and a complex of PG fragments and group B-specific polysaccharide and type III-specific polysaccharide. The PG-polysaccharide complexes were large and heterogeneous in molecular size. When subjected to base-catalyzed beta elimination, both complexes were disintegrated, and polysaccharides and low molecular-weight PG fragments could then be separated by gel filtration. The low molecular-weight PG fragment-containing fraction contained muramic acid, glucosamine, alanine, lysine, glutamic acid, and serine in molar ratios (to lysine) of 0.92:0.98:3.01:1.00:1.00:0.05. Wall-derived, purified group polysaccharide contained rhamnose, galactose, glucosamine, and phosphorus in molar ratios (to galactose) of 5.03:1.00:1.00:1.05. It also contained an unidentified sugar. Wall-derived, purified type III polysaccharide contained galactose, glucosamine, glucose, and N-acetylneuraminic acid in molar ratios (to glucose) of 1.94:0.85:1.00:1.39. On a dry-weight basis, the whole wall lysate contained 19.8 and 20.6% of group and type polysaccharide, respectively. Neither glycerol nor ribitol was found, and all of the cell wall phosphorus was accounted for as polysaccharide, indicating the absence of a wall teichoic acid. PMID- 7035368 TI - Effect of estrogens on bacterial adherence to HeLa cells. AB - Incubating confluent cell culture HeLa cells for 18 h with increasing concentrations of estrogens progressively enhanced the subsequent attachment of a variety of radiolabeled bacteria to the HeLa cells. This effect was not caused by other hormones and was not produced by 1-h incubations of HeLa cells or bacteria with hormones. Estrogens did not similarly affect two other receptor cell lines studied. The addition of metabolic inhibitors showed that this effect of estrogens on HeLa cells was energy dependent and involved protein synthesis. Concurrent incubation of the HeLa cells and estrogens with the antiestrogen nafoxidine blocked the subsequent increase in adherence. These data suggest that estrogen receptors are present in HeLa cells and that hormonally-induced alterations in the synthesis of bacterial receptor sites may modify the capacity of certain cells to bind bacteria. PMID- 7035369 TI - Experimental Escherichia coli ascending pyelonephritis in rats: changes in bacterial properties and the immune response to surface antigens. AB - Systemic and urinary antibody responses were examined in rats with experimental ascending pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli O6K13H1. During 12-month follow-up of the infections, bacterial characteristics of the urinary and renal isolates were followed: O and K antigenicity, sensitivity to the bactericidal effect of normal human serum, capacity to attach to urinary tract epithelial cells, hemolytic activity, biochemical pattern, and virulence. During the long term infection, the urinary and renal bacterial isolates changed in O and K antigenicity, serum sensitivity, and virulence. The adhesive capacity of the bacterial isolates did not change, possibly explaining the persistence of the bacteria in the urinary tract. The serum anti-O6 antibody levels remained high during the entire 1-year observation period, especially in the rats with renal involvement. Urinary anti-O6 antibodies were also found. The serum and urinary antibodies could have played a role in bringing about the observed changes in bacterial characteristics. Antibodies to lipid A were recorded in 9 of 16 rats with pyelonephritis and renal scarring and in 1 of 9 rats not having pyelonephritis or renal bacterial growth. PMID- 7035370 TI - Experimental Escherichia coli ascending pyelonephritis in rats: active peroral immunization with live Escherichia coli. AB - Peroral immunization with a live strain of Escherichia coli O6K13H1 against experimental ascending pyelonephritis caused by the same strain was studied in rats, and the effect of immunization on antibody titers against the O and K antigens and lipid A was determined. Peroral immunization with live bacteria protected significantly against pyelonephritis. Sera collected 1 week after infection from the immunized group were increased in immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti O6 and IgM anti-K13 in comparison with the nonimmunized group. The peroral immunization did not correspondingly affect the response to lipid A. In urine, there was an IgG antibody response to the O6 antigen. In bronchopulmonary secretion, IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies to O6 were detected. Perorally immunized animals had significantly higher levels of IgG and IgA anti-O6 compared with the nonimmunized group 1 week after infection. Passive transfer of anti-lipid A did not increase resistance against pyelonephritis. PMID- 7035371 TI - Further characterization of complement resistance conferred on Escherichia coli by the plasmid genes traT of R100 and iss of ColV,I-K94. AB - We have shown that the traT gene product was responsible for the complement resistance of the R100 plasmid. We compared this resistance with that specified by the iss gene of the ColV,I-K94 plasmid. The levels of resistance specified by the two genes were similar, and there was no additive effect on resistance when both genes were present together. Under conditions in which traT and iss conferred at least a 50- and 10-fold increase in survival, respectively, the consumption of C6, C7, C8, and C9 was the same for bacteria with and without the plasmid genes. This result indicated that it was the action of the terminal complex, not its formation, which was blocked by traT and iss. PMID- 7035373 TI - Detection of toxins produced by vibrio fluvialis. AB - The results of studies with cell-free extracts and culture supernatant fluids of Vibrio fluvialis (a recently recognized, potential enteric pathogen for humans) grown in the absence and presence of lincomycin indicated that the bacterium could produce (i) a factor which causes CHO cell elongation (CEF) similar to that elicited by V. cholerae enterotoxin and by the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli, (ii) cytolysin(s) active against erythrocytes, (iii) nonhemolytic, CHO cell-killing factor(s), and (iv) protease(s) active against azocasein. The CEF was heat labile and ammonium sulfate precipitable, and it had an isoelectric point (estimated by sucrose density gradient electrofocusing) and molecular weight (estimated by gel filtration) of about 5.1 and 135,000, respectively. PMID- 7035372 TI - Immunization of mice by intracutaneous inoculation with viable virulent Cryptococcus neoformans: immunological and histopathological parameters. AB - Immune responses, including protection and delayed hypersensitivity, were evaluated in experimental murine cryptococcosis. Mice were immunized by the intracutaneous inoculation of viable virulent Cryptococcus neoformans yeasts. Response to the cutaneous infection was evaluated histologically and by cultural assays of the internal organs, as well as by intravenous challenge with the same strain. Protection was assessed by survival, histopathology, and quantitative organ culture. The intracutaneous inoculation of cryptococci resulted in a local inflammatory response that effectively limited dissemination of the organisms systemically and induced the development of delayed hypersensitivity demonstrable with a membrane extract of C. neoformans and with soluble cytoplasmic substances. A protective response was induced by the cutaneous inoculation of cryptococci as well, in that immunized animals survived longer, with about 25% of the challenged group ridding themselves completely of the cryptococci. Protection could be demonstrated by cultural analyses, but all animals, whether control or immunized, allowed considerable multiplication of the inoculum during the first 4 weeks after intravenous challenge. It would appear, therefore, that the protective mechanism(s) required additional antigenic stimulation before it could eventually function to eliminate all cryptococci from tissues. Histologically, there were no differences in pathology of the internal organs between immunized and unimmunized animals. Although the model described herein for the induction of immune responses in murine cryptococcosis has at least one drawback, viz., the presence of cryptococci in the skin lesion of many animals throughout the duration of the experiment, it does have the advantage that the immune responses were stimulated by a virulent strain and only minimal dissemination occurred. Therefore, lymphocytes could be removed from animals that were not contaminated with cryptococci for in vitro and in vivo transfer. PMID- 7035374 TI - Mothers of infants with neonatal group B streptococcal septicemia are poor responders to bacterial carbohydrate antigens. AB - Serum antibodies against various carbohydrate antigens were studied in 16 mothers of infants with serious infections caused by group B streptococci (GBS) (the study group), and compared with a control group of 29 urogenital carriers of GBS who gave birth to neonatally healthy infants. Using a radioimmunoassay for the determination of antibodies to GBS types Ia, Ib, II and III, it was found that the study group had significantly lower levels of IgG antibodies to each of the 4 GBS types than the control group. The IgG levels against Salmonella BO and DO, Yersinia enterocolitica 03, Francisella tularense and Streptococcus pneumonia types 3, 6, 9, 19 and 23 purified carbohydrate antigens were determined using an ELISA technique. Significantly more individuals in the study group than in the control group had low levels of IgG antibodies against 8 of 9 carbohydrate antigens. No difference was found in IgM levels against 3 of 4 antigens studied, while the study group showed significantly more IgM antibodies against Salmonella DO than the controls. These results indicate that mothers of GBS-infected infants might be poor IgG antibody responders to bacterial carbohydrate antigens in general. PMID- 7035375 TI - Studies on the cellular site of action of the adjuvant activity of saponin for sheep erythrocytes. AB - Saponin, which complexes with cholesterol in cell membranes, is a powerful adjuvant for antigens such as whole cell protozoal vaccines and SRBC. Saponin attached to SRBC ghosts potentiated the humoral response; but injection of saponin 1 or 2 days before or after SRBC at the same subcutaneous site was also effective. After the subcutaneous injection of saponin and SRBC the cellularity of the draining lymph node increases sixfold, and indirect PFC appear in it and the spleen. Splenectomy increases immunopotentiation by saponin, but T cell depletion abolishes it. The data show that attachment of the saponin to the antigen is not essential, and suggest that the adjuvant effect, which is T cell dependent, is exerted on host cells in the draining lymph node. PMID- 7035376 TI - Accelerated hypertriglyceridemia in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis - a preventable abnormality. AB - Increasing hypertriglyceridemia is a recognised complication of CAPD. To investigate the etiology lipid clearance studies using the intravenous fat tolerance test were performed in control subjects and in uremic patients before and after six months CAPD treatment. Oral carbohydrate intake was restricted and the use of hypertonic dialysate kept to a minimum. Although serum triglycerides were elevated in the uremic patients before CAPD (3.1 +/- 0.3 mMol/L) no further increase occurred during therapy. Oral carbohydrate intake was restricted to 240 250 Gms/24 hrs and hypertonic dialysate to 5.7 +/- 4.1% of the total. There were no significant changes in fractional removal rate of lipid. Therefore further increases in serum triglycerides in CAPD may be prevented by simple dietary manoeuvres. PMID- 7035377 TI - Intraperitoneal administration of insulin during peritoneal dialysis of diabetics with terminal renal failure. AB - The effect on plasma glucose and serum insulin of varying amounts of insulin added to the dialysis fluid was studied in a total of 10 diabetic patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD). The studies were carried out in a 3-day and a 14-day model, using dialysis fluid with two different concentrations of glucose (75 mmol/l (isotonic and 200 mmol/l (hypertonic)) and with addition of either 0, 6, 12 or 24 U/l of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) to the dialysis fluid. Plasma glucose and serum insulin were determined before, during and after dialysis. Dialysate concentrations of glucose and insulin were determined for each cycle. Addition of 12 and 24 U of IRI/I resulted in a significant rise in serum insulin. With the isotonic dialysis fluid no insulin was required to control plasma glucose during PD. With the hypertonic dialysis fluid addition of 12 U of IRI/I was optimal for the control of plasma glucose, while 24 U/I produced post dialytic hypoglucemia. PMID- 7035378 TI - Accessibility-a necessary control for studies of essential hypertension: a brief communication. PMID- 7035379 TI - The Asclepian dream healings and hypnosis: a critique. PMID- 7035380 TI - Alcohol abuse in ancient Egypt: the recorded evidence. PMID- 7035381 TI - Sir Thomas Browne and witchcraft: a cautionary tale for contemporary law and psychiatry. PMID- 7035382 TI - Topical steroids. PMID- 7035383 TI - Autoimmunity. PMID- 7035384 TI - Risk of dying from tuberculosis or cancer: further aspects of a possible association. AB - Successive cohorts of people born in different periods since 1850 having been living longer, but the proportion in each cohort dying from cancer has increased considerably, while the proportion dying from tuberculosis has declined in such a way as to offset the increased risk of dying from cancer. Thus for successive birth cohorts the proportion dying from either disease has remained constant and this phenomenon has been found for Wales, Scotland and Ireland separately and for Pennsylvania-New Jersey for which data are available from 1860, as well as for England and Wales. The findings are discussed in relation to a working hypothesis that a proportion of any population may be less equipped immunologically to cope with infection with tubercle bacillus and that this deficiency may put them at risk of dying from cancer later in life. PMID- 7035385 TI - Centenary: biographical note - Robert Thomson Leiper, 1881-1969. PMID- 7035386 TI - Altered biodistribution of radiogallium following BCG treatment in mice. PMID- 7035387 TI - Wound infection: a review of diagnosis and treatment. AB - Surgical wounds can become infected by a variety of organisms, leading to a variety of clinical courses. In this article, several types of infections, therapies, prognoses and prophylaxes are discussed. Skin and subcutaneous tissues infect with a range of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anerobic bacteria. Gangrenous infections, whether necrotizing fasciitis or bacterial synergistic gangrene, can be devastating or fatal. Gangrenous infection in the muscle is also discussed, and various treatments outlined. The intention is to familiarize readers with the predisposing conditions, clinical manifestations and therapeutic alternatives for these surgical infections. PMID- 7035388 TI - Allograft rupture after kidney transplantation. AB - Spontaneous rupture of the parenchyma of the transplanted kidney occurs in 0.8 to 9.6 per cent of transplantations. Mortality is reported to be up to 9 per cent. Every rupture requires surgical intervention. In most cases graftectomy has to be performed. The cause of the rupture is an immunological destruction of the graft, the histological finding being a massive rejection of an interstitial type. In a set of 51 transplantations of cadaver kidneys rupture occurred in 4 patients (7.8 per cent). It was necessary to carry out a graftectomy in all cases immediately or later on. PMID- 7035389 TI - Modified Young's technique for urinary bladder plastic operation. PMID- 7035390 TI - Peripheral plasma renin activity (PRA) in recipients with allograft artery stenosis; its diagnostic value in acute stage hypertension. AB - Peripheral PRA was examined in 11 patients with graft artery stenosis after the onset and throughout the course of hypertension. In the acute stage PRA was elevated in 9 patients and decreased to normal in the later stage of hypertension in all but 1 patient with malignant hypertension. The findings suggest that the determination of peripheral PRA is helpful in diagnosing graft artery stenosis only in the acute stage of hypertension, but it has no unequivocal value to the prognosis of hypertension or indication for operation. PMID- 7035391 TI - Use of radioimmunoassay for the detection of circulating antistreptococcal antibody in patients with glomerulonephritis. AB - A method of radioimmunologic quantitation of antibodies to streptococcal antigen separated from the cell wall extract of group A type T12 strain has been developed. The highest values of radioactive antigen binding were observed in acute glomerulonephritis (75%), as compared to chronic glomerulonephritis in which values of 25% to 56% were found depending on the morphology of renal changes. It was shown that none of the patients with pyelonephritis, Alport's syndrome, lupoid nephritis and polycystic renal disease had elevated antistreptococcal antibody levels. In contrast to this, all patients with tonsillitis and proteinuria exhibited increased titre of this antibody. It was shown that the antigen is related neither to M-protein nor to group A polysaccharide and that it is not type-specific because the binding of antigen T12 may be inhibited by the antigen produced from strain T5. Although the antigen is not type-specific, some differences in the response to antigens prepared from various types of streptococci in patients with different forms of chronic glomerulonephritis are observed. PMID- 7035392 TI - Investigation of the accuracy of tear lysozyme determination by the Quantiplate method. AB - The accuracy of lysozyme concentration determination by the method of measuring lysis diameter in agarose gel slabs containing Micrococcus lysodeikticus bacteria uniformly suspended throughout the gel was determined for various methods of tear sample collection. The effects of storage of lysozyme solution samples at subzero temperatures for several days was also examined. It was found that a power rather than the suggested exponential dependence between the lysozyme concentration and lysis diameter provides the most accurate fit and thus should be used for interpolation. Storing samples frozen in glass capillaries lowered the lysozyme concentration in a predictable manner. When Weck-Cel sponges were used to collect the samples the lysozyme concentration was greatly diminished in a nonlinear manner because of internal adsorption. The relative loss (cause by adsorption) depended on the actual lysozyme concentration as well as on the sample volume/sponge weight ratio. Storing samples absorbed by such sponges in a frozen state further altered the results in an unpredictable way. The observation that smaller tear samples for a given sponge size yielded lower apparent values for lysozyme concentration casts doubt on findings that have reported lower lysozyme concentration in the tears of keratoconjunctivitis sicca patients, where either cellulose sponges or filter paper discs were used for tear collection. PMID- 7035393 TI - Complications associated with bovine corneal endothelial cell-lined homografts in the cat. AB - Cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells were subcultured onto feline corneas from which the native endothelium had been mechanically removed, and transplanted into cats via penetrating keratoplasty. Although the transplants remained thin and clear in the immediate postoperative period, correlative clinical and morphologic analysis disclosed evidence of a host response directed against the heterologous endothelium by the ninth postoperative day. Eyes with rotational autografts or transplanted homografts did not disclose evidence of a similar host response. PMID- 7035394 TI - Type I collagen and fibronectin synthesis by retrocorneal fibrous membrane. AB - The primary cultures obtained from the experimentally induced retrocorneal fibrous membrane synthesized and secreted into the medium mainly type I procollagen. This collagen was characterized after limited pepsin treatment and identified as type I collagen by the following criteria: (1) it contained two alpha 1 chains and one alpha 2 chain, (2) its sedimentation behavior was identical to that of type I collagen from skin, and (3) its peptide map after limited proteolysis with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease was identical to that of type I collagen. The medium contained procollagen I, which was converted into alpha size chains by limited pepsin treatment, whereas the cellular fraction contained type I collagen already processed to its end product. Type III collagen and basement membrane collagen were present as minor components in this system Fibronectin, one of the major glycoproteins in extracellular matrices, was also synthesized and secreted into the medium. In contrast, normal corneal endothelial cells produce mainly basement membrane collagen. PMID- 7035395 TI - HLA-B27, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the relation to acute anterior uveitis. AB - Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) is a disease of unknown etiology, although it is frequently associated with various autoimmune diseases. It has recently been shown in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a disease often associated with AAU, that antiserum raised against a particular isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae would cross-react with lymphocytes possessing HLA-B27. The present study was performed to evaluate the response of lymphocytes of patients to K. pneumoniae and to determine the correlation with HLA-B27. The circulating immune complex levels in the serum of the patients were also determined for correlation with the presence of HLA-B27 antigen. We were able to demonstrate this cross reactivity in the samples of AAU patients; however, we did find an increased immune complex level that was independent of HLA-B27 antigen. From our results, we conclude that although AAU is clinically associated with AS, the role of K. pneumoniae in these disease states remains unclear. PMID- 7035396 TI - Cell size-shape relationships in corneal endothelium. AB - The shape of corneal endothelial cells was studied from specular photomicrographs of 121 normal corneas. The predominant number of cells were hexagonal in shape (48% to 90%), with pentagonal (15% to 35%) and heptagonal (25% to 38%) cells constituting the greater portion of the remaining endothelium. Corneal endothelium with a greater number of hexagonal cells demonstrated minimal variation in cell size. PMID- 7035397 TI - A survey of Brucella phages and morphology of new isolates. PMID- 7035398 TI - Genetic control, developmental expression, and biochemical properties of plant peptidases. PMID- 7035399 TI - RNA polymerases in neoplasia. PMID- 7035400 TI - Macrophage migration inhibition assay as a means of detecting lymphocyte sensitization to leukemic myeloblasts in neutropenic patients. AB - The migration inhibiting factor (MIF) test was performed on 27 patients with chronic neutropenia using acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) blasts and normal lymphocytes as antigens. Eight patients reacted positively to AML blasts, and the natural history of their disease differed from that of the remaining neutropenic patients: two of the eight patients developed AML and one showed evidence of preleukemic changes. Recurrent severe infections were common and one patient in this group developed systemic lupus erythematosus. The MIF test toward AML blasts may be regarded as a warning sign of a preleukemic state among neutropenic patients. PMID- 7035401 TI - Post-marketing surveillance of licensed medicinal and other products. PMID- 7035402 TI - The Committee on Safety of Medicines. PMID- 7035403 TI - Who is the father of health physics? PMID- 7035404 TI - George Bugbee: a first-person profile (Part 2). PMID- 7035405 TI - The cost of regulation: a further note. PMID- 7035406 TI - Polyethylene glycol embedded tissue sections for immunoelectronmicroscopy. AB - Several methods for tissue embedding in polyethylene glycol (PEG) were compared with regard to their applicability for pre-embedding immunoelectronmicroscopy. Existing embedding procedures gave unsatisfactory results and therefore a modified procedure was developed. This method, consisting of very brief tissue infiltration with PEG 1500, to which 3% water is added, allowed adequate tissue sectioning. Using these sections for preembedding immunoelectronmicroscopical localisation of glucagon in bovine pancreatic islets adequate ultrastructural morphology was obtained in combination with excellent preservation of peptide hormone immunoreactivity. PMID- 7035407 TI - Glycogen in pancreatic islets of steroid diabetic rats. Carbohydrate histochemical detection and localization using an immunocytochemical technique. AB - In the islets of the rat pancreas, steroid diabetes induced by triamcinolon acetonid leads to degranulation of the B cells and glycogen infiltration. The glycogen cannot be satisfactorily detected using methods like the chromic acid technique according to Bauer, staining with Best's carmine, or the usually applied periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction. Glycogen detection is improved, however, when lead tetraacetate is used in place of periodic acid as oxidizing agent. When combining the carbohydrate detection method with the peroxidase- antiperoxidase (PAP) method used for immunocytochemical detection of the various pancreatic islet hormones, paraffin sections reveal that glycogen is primarily localized in granulated B cells; the degranulated B cells also contain glycogen, though in smaller amounts. In contrast, the islet cells containing somatostatin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide are nearly free of glycogen. PMID- 7035408 TI - Glial uptake of monoamines in primary cultures of rat median raphe nucleus and cerebellum. A combined monoamine fluorescence and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunofluorescence study. AB - Glial uptake of serotonin and dopamine was studied in primary cultures of the median raphe nucleus and cerebellum by using consecutive demonstration of monoamine fluorescence and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunofluorescence. Most of the glial cells taking up monoamines were glial fibrillary acidic protein positive. Astrocytes with a strong immunoreactivity exhibited monoamine fluorescence only occasionally, although such cells did take up L-dopa readily. Glial fibrillary acidic protein negative cells--morphologically identified as astrocytes--were seen to exhibit monoamine fluorescence after exposure. Glial uptake of serotonin at a concentration of 10(-4) M was detected in cerebellar cultures but not in cultures from the median raphe nucleus. When the concentration was 10(-3) M uptake of serotonin took place in both the areas but was weaker in cultures from the median raphe nucleus. At concentrations greater than 10(-5) M glial uptake of dopamine was detected in cultures from both the regions studied. No region dependent differences in glial uptake of dopamine was demonstrated, however. Based on these observations astrocytes and astrocyte-like glial cells take up dopamine and serotonin. Also glial cells with a remarkably high content of the glial fibrillary acidic protein are more resistant to monoamine uptake than cells exhibiting less intense or no glial fibrillary acidic protein immunofluorescence. The existence of regional differences in uptake of serotonin between the median raphe nucleus and cerebellum suggests that glial uptake of monoamines is not an entirely passive mechanism but may be actively controlled by glial cells in a region dependent manner. PMID- 7035410 TI - The usefulness of the analytical electrofocusing in a thin-layer polyacrylamide gel (PAG) in the histochemistry of enzymes cleaving peptide bonds. PMID- 7035409 TI - A quantitative histochemical study of dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV). PMID- 7035411 TI - HISTOSCAN: computer program for cytophotometry in tissue sections and its application in the evaluation of nuclear atypia. AB - The grading of nuclear atypia has a great and well recognized value when predicting the malignancy of neoplastic processes. Although the basic criteria for the grading are generally agreed upon, in the individual case, the final judgement is to some extent still a matter of subjectivity, which naturally impairs reproducibility. The present paper describes a method for quantification of variability of nuclear size and Feulgen-stainability. By plotting the mean optical density against the area value in a scatter-diagram, a cluster is obtained, the size of which reflects the degree of nuclear atypia. The measurements are performed in tissue sections using stage scanning cytophotometry. A computer program--HISTOSCAN--has been developed which enables measurements in highly cellular tissues. The system is also insensitive to the influence of light scattering, a factor of importance when measuring in tissue sections. The performance of the program is tested in both imprints and tissue sections. PMID- 7035412 TI - Localization of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) in rat thymus using immunoperoxidase methods. AB - Indirect and peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) immunoenzymatic methods were used to detect terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) in imprints and formalin fixed paraffin sections of normal rat thymus. TdT is found in the nuclei of small lymphocytes in imprint samples from neonatal and adult rat thymus, showing granular or circular patterns of peroxidase reaction products. Diffuse brown reaction products of peroxidase are located in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of medium and large lymphocytes. Indirect measurements show that, as age progresses, the percentage of peroxidase-positive cells decreases in all types of lymphocytes, from 72.4% on the 11th day to 54.8% in the 5th month, whereas that of negative cells increases from 14.4% to 39.4%. In formalin-fixed paraffin sections, peroxidase-positive lymphocytes are found mainly in the cortex and cortico-medullary boundary, and only rarely in the medulla. PMID- 7035413 TI - Postembedding immunohistochemical demonstration of antigen in experimental polyarthritis using plastic embedded whole joints. AB - A method is presented for the immunohistochemical demonstration of antigens in whole undecalcified joints of small laboratory animals. With this method of tissue preparation, involving embedding in a medium mainly based on 2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate, preservation of antigenicity is satisfactory. Antigens can be demonstrated in 2 micron sections by either immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase and an indirect technique. Therefore in addition to the morphological analysis of joint alterations in experimental polyarthritis, there is now an opportunity to trace the inciting antigen and to study in parallel the enzymatic equipment of the cells involved, using consecutive sections from a single block of tissue. PMID- 7035414 TI - Of cows and men: a comparative study of histocompatibility antigens. AB - Bovine histocompatibility antigens cross-react highly with HLA antigens in comparison to their homologues in other nonprimate species. A panel of 34 anti HLA monoclonal antibodies was tested for binding activity with lymphocytes from five breeds of cattle. Eleven antibodies demonstrated extensive cross-reactivity. Lymphocytes from several species of ungulate and subungulate were then tested with the same panel of antibodies. The buffalo and hyrax also displayed some cross-reactivity, though not as extensive as seen with the cattle lymphocytes. Other ungulates showed essentially no cross-reactivity. The significance of these results is discussed in terms of the structure and evolution of histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 7035415 TI - Partial purification and some properties of BB7.2. A cytotoxic monoclonal antibody with specificity for HLA-A2 and a variant of HLA-A28. AB - The purification and properties of a cytotoxic mouse monoclonal anti-HLA-A2 antibody are described. This antibody, BB7.2, can be used as an HLA-A2 typing reagent with little modification of current typing techniques. It also recognizes a low frequency variant of HLA-A28. BB7.2 provides an example of an antibody which requires bivalent attachment to a polymeric antigen, e.g., a cell, to produce a readily detectable complex. This is due to a high rate of dissociation of the complex formed between a single BB7.2 combining sites and HLA-A2. The consequences of this property were investigated and some complications for potential uses of such monoclonal antibodies are discussed. PMID- 7035416 TI - Children, pets, and disease. PMID- 7035417 TI - Effect of PEEP on left ventricular function in right-heart-bypassed dogs. AB - Positive-pressure ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has been associated with elevation of left ventricular filling pressure for a stable or reduced cardiac output. To exclude the possibility that right ventricular distension due to increased pulmonary vascular resistance decreases left ventricular compliance (ventricular interdependence), we studied the effect of PEEP on left ventricular function in open-chest right-heart-bypassed dogs. A rightward shift of the left ventricular function curve was caused by 15 cmH2O PEEP without a change in the aortic pressure-flow relationship. The pericardial pressure, however, was found to exceed atmospheric pressure on 15 cmH2O even with the chest widely opened. This increase in the pressure surrounding the heart accounted for the increase in left ventricular filling pressure. We postulate, therefore, that the elevation in left ventricular filling pressure found with PEEP is due in part, if not entirely, to mechanical interaction of the heart and lungs by direct compression or pericardial traction. PMID- 7035418 TI - Thermodilution technique for measurement of cardiac output during artificial ventilation. AB - The feasibility of using the thermodilution method to monitor cardiac output during artificial ventilation was studied in anesthetized pigs. Normal saline (0.5 ml) at room temperature was injected into the left ventricle or the right atrium. The dilution curves were detected in the aortic arch and the pulmonary artery, respectively. The ventilation rate was 10 cycles/min at end-expiratory pressures of 0, 5, 10, and 15 cmH2O. For each level, 50 measurements of cardiac output were performed at regular intervals over the ventilatory cycle. The order of measurements were randomly selected. The average of each series of 50 measurements showed excellent correlation with the estimates of cardiac output based on the direct Fick method for oxygen. The maximum difference between the values of cardiac output randomly measured by the thermodilution method was 40% for the left side of the heart and 70% for the right side. However, when the values of cardiac output were sorted according to the specific phases of the respiratory cycle, there was a systematic variation with a small random error. For the left side of the heart, a satisfactory moment of injection for estimation of mean cardiac output appeared to be at the end of the spontaneous expiration. On the other hand, the analysis of cardiac output values at the right side did not reveal any satisfactory moment for injectate administration under changing circumstances, e.g., positive end-expiratory pressure. PMID- 7035419 TI - Neurologic disorders in the raccoon in northeastern United States. PMID- 7035420 TI - Clinicopathologic correlations of tuberculosis in large zoo mammals. AB - In August 1978, a black rhinoceros at the National Zoological Park died with generalized tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis. A 2nd black rhinoceros was euthanatized 9 months after M bovis was cultured from its lungs. After these 2 deaths, numerous large zoo mammals that had been potentially exposed were subjected to various procedures to ascertain their status regarding tuberculosis. The procedures were: intradermal tuberculin testing, evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity reaction on biopsy specimens, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing, and culture of various secretions and organs. Several of the animals in this series died during the study. These were necropsied and examined for evidence of mycobacterial infection. The results of tuberculin testing varied from species to species and from site to site within a species. Delayed hypersensitivity responses generally correlated well with the amount of swelling at the tuberculin site. In some cases, however, positive reactions were found without any delayed hypersensitivity response. Results of ELISA testing were confirmatory in tuberculous animals. Several species were judged to be nonspecific reactors, based on positive or suspect tuberculin test results, with negative ELISA results and necropsy findings. PMID- 7035421 TI - Dietary disorders in marine mammals: synthesis and new findings. PMID- 7035422 TI - Salmonella infection in a captive peregrine falcon. PMID- 7035423 TI - Canine hypoadrenocorticism: report of 37 cases and review of 39 previously reported cases. AB - Thirty-seven cases of canine hypoadrenocorticism were compared with 39 previously reported cases. The 2 series were compared because it was believed that a study of 37 consecutive cases diagnosed at 1 institution (Michigan State University) and compiled by 1 group of veterinarians would yield data that were more representative of the disease than multiple cases from various institutions. Age, sex, and breed data were similar in both series. The frequency of anorexia, vomiting, depression, and the mean values for the clinicopathologic data were similar for both series except for blood glucose concentration (P less than 0.025). The Michigan State University series was different in that it had a lower frequency of eunatremia, increased plasma total solids, and hypoglycemia but a higher frequency of lymphocytosis, lymphopenia, hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, and hypercalcemia. Further, 3 dogs in the Michigan State University series had azotemia plus near isosthenuric urine, suggesting renal disease, but they seemingly responded to therapy for hypoadrenocorticism. Only 1 such case was identified in the literature. Finally, we detected fewer instances of P waves not being evident in lead II of an electrocardiogram. PMID- 7035424 TI - Indirect immunofluorescence testing for diagnosis of occult Dirofilaria immitis infection in three cats. PMID- 7035425 TI - Current concepts in equine degenerative joint disease. AB - Current concepts of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of equine degenerative joint disease are presented on the basis of recently acquired experimental and clinical knowledge. A number of concepts of pathogenesis need modification and the rationale of some of the newer treatments requires definition. Synovitis and other soft tissue changes are important components of the pathogenesis in addition to direct trauma to the articular cartilage. Loss of glycosaminoglycans constitutes an important biochemical "lesion" in the articular cartilage, making it weak and susceptible to trauma. Recognition of these early changes and appropriate treatment of them are important. Treatment methods include physical therapy, use of anti-inflammatory drugs, joint lavage, sodium hyaluronate, and synovectomy. When there are cartilage and bony changes, the use of articular cartilage curettage, osteophyte removal, radiation therapy, and surgical arthrodesis remain appropriate in some cases. Studies continue to develop agents capable of promoting the synthesis of the important biochemical components of the articular cartilage and its subsequent healing. PMID- 7035426 TI - Metabolic products of microorganisms. 200 Isolation and characterization of niphithricins A, B, and elaiophylin, antibiotics produced by Streptomyces violaceoniger. AB - Fermentations of Streptomyces violaceoniger TU 905 produce the antifungal antibiotics niphithricins A, B, elaiophylin and nigericin. The niphithricins have been characterized as new macrolide antibiotics, and the previously unknown structure of elaiophylin was determined to be a macrodiolide. The niphithricins were biologically active against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. The mode of action is attributed to an alteration of the membrane permeability. PMID- 7035427 TI - The effects of targeting improvements in urine glucose on metabolic control in children with insulin dependent diabetes. AB - A treatment program designed to increase the percentage of negative urine tests was implemented using a multiple-baseline across groups design in a sample of 19 families of children with insulin dependent diabetes. The treatment involved instruction in insulin adjustment, decrease in intake of simple sugars and saturated fats, and increase in exercise, along with teaching the parents to support improvements in children's self-regulatory behaviors using a point economy and praise. New procedures designed to measure and reinforce adherence to the urine testing regimen were developed. Results showed significant increases in percentage of negative urines consistent with implementation of treatment across the three treatment groups, which were maintained over the follow-up period. Metabolic measures of control, including glycosylated hemoglobin and serum glucose did not show improvements even though the relationship between the percentage of negative urine tests and glycosylated hemoglobin was very high during treatment. PMID- 7035428 TI - Radioisotope dilution technique for determination of vitamin B12 in foods. AB - A radioisotope dilution (RID) method for the determination of vitamin B12 is presented. The method combines a standard extraction procedure (AOAC 43.108, 12th ed.) with a commercially available RID assay kit. The method was evaluated on a wide range of fortified and unfortified food products. Recovery studies on both groups yielded average recoveries of 98.1 and 95.8%, respectively. Reproducibility data generated from replicate analyses on both groups gave a relative standard deviation of 6.9% for the fortified group and 9.2% for the unfortified group. For the samples studied, the mean vitamin B12 content determined by the RID method was 8.01 micrograms/100 g vs a mean of 7.54 micrograms/100 g by the AOAC microbiological method; the correlation coefficient was r = 0.983. PMID- 7035429 TI - Glycerol fermentation in Klebsiella pneumoniae: functions of the coenzyme B12 dependent glycerol and diol dehydratases. AB - Glycerol and diol dehydratases are inducible, coenzyme B12-dependent enzymes found together in Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 25955 during anaerobic growth on glycerol. Mutants of this strain isolated by a novel procedure were separately constitutive for either dehydratase, showing the structural genes for the two enzymes to be under independent control in vivo. Glycerol dehydratase and a trimethylene glycol dehydrogenase were implicated as members of a pleiotropic control system that includes glycerol dehydrogenase and dihydroxyacetone kinase for the anaerobic dissimilation of glycerol (the "dha system"). The dehydratase and dehydrogenases were induced by dihydroxyacetone and were jointly constitutive in mutants isolated as constitutive for either the dha system or glycerol dehydratase. These data and the stimulation of growth by Co2+ suggested that glycerol dehydratase and trimethylene glycol dehydrogenase are obligatory enzymes for anaerobic growth on glycerol as the sole carbon source. PMID- 7035430 TI - Formation of molecular complexes between a structurally defined M protein and acylated or deacylated lipoteichoic acid of Streptococcus pyogenes. AB - The orientation of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) molecules on the surface of bacterial cells undoubtedly is determined by the ability of the LTA, during its transit through the cell wall, to bind via its polyglycerophosphate backbone or its glycolipid moieties to other constituents of the cytoplasmic membrane and the cell wall. We have investigated the possibility that LTA may become anchored to the cell surface by binding through its polyanionic backbone to positively charged regions of cell wall proteins. LTA was found to prevent the precipitation of partially purified HCl extracts of several strains of streptococci as well as a structurally defined streptococcal M protein molecule (pep M24) in 83% solutions of ethanol. The formation of complexes between LTA and M protein was demonstrated further by immunoelectrophoresis of pep M24 protein with increasing concentrations of radiolabeled LTA and by using antiserum against pep M24 to develop precipitin arcs. Pep M24 electrophoresed alone produced a single precipitin arc close to the origin. In contrast, when electrophoresed as a mixture with LTA or deacylated LTA, the M protein produced a second precipitin arc toward the anode coinciding with the area of migration of the radioactive LTA. Increasing concentrations of LTA or deacylated LTA shifted increasing amounts of the pep M24 antigen to the region of the second arc. Maleylation of M protein to block the positively charged free amino groups before mixing it with LTA prevented the formation of complexes. The complexes formed by the M protein with LTA, but not with deacylated LTA, showed the capacity to bind bovine serum albumin; LTA had been shown previously to bind to the fatty acid binding sites on bovine serum albumin. These results indicate that the LTA molecule is able to bind via its polyanionic backbone to positively charged residues of surface proteins of cells of S. pyogenes. The implications of such interaction as to the orientation of LTA molecules on the surface of cells of S. pyogenes are discussed. PMID- 7035431 TI - Signal sequence of alkaline phosphatase of Escherichia coli. AB - The amino acid sequence of the signal sequence of phoA was determined by DNA sequencing by using the dideoxy chain termination technique (Sanger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74:5463-5467, 1977). The template used was single stranded DNA obtained from M13 on f1 phage derivatives carrying phoA, constructed by in vitro recombination. The results confirm the sequence of the first five amino acids determined by Sarthy et al. (J. Bacteriol. 139:932-939, 1979) and extend the sequence in the same reading frame into the amino terminal region of the mature alkaline phosphatase (Bradshaw et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 78:3473-3477, 1981). As was predicted (Inouye and Beckwith, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74:1440-1444, 1977), the signal sequence was highly hydrophobic. The alteration of DNA sequence was identified for a promoter mutation that results in the expression of phoA independent of the positive control gene phoB and in insensitivity to high phosphate. PMID- 7035432 TI - Kinetics of minichromosome replication in Escherichia coli B/r. AB - Replication control of the minichromosome pAL2 was found to differ from that of the chromosome in synchronously dividing populations of Escherichia coli B/r. Initiation of minichromosome replication took place at an increasing rate throughout synchronous growth. No coupling to initiation of chromosome replication was detected. Minichromosome replication was further examined in a dnaA5(Ts) temperature-sensitive initiation mutant. When cultures held at nonpermissive temperature (41 degrees C) for 60 min were shifted to permissive temperature (25 degrees C), initiation of both pAL2 and chromosome replication ensued in two waves spaced 25 to 35 min apart. Evidence is presented that minichromosomes terminate replication by passing slowly through a series of dimeric intermediate forms before reaching the closed circular monomeric form. The consequence of this slow passage as a rate-limiting step in the initiation reaction is discussed. PMID- 7035433 TI - Salmonella typhimurium mutants defective in the formate dehydrogenase linked to nitrate reductase. AB - Six fdn mutants of Salmonella typhimurium defective in the formation of nitrate reductase-linked formate dehydrogenase (FDHN) but capable of producing both the hydrogenase-linked formate dehydrogenase (FDHH) and nitrate reductase were characterized. Results of phage P22 transduction experiments indicated that there may be three fdn genes located on the metE-metB chromosomal segment and distinct from all previously identified fdh and chl loci. All six FDHH+ FDHN- mutants were found to make FDHN enzyme protein which was indistinguishable from that of the wild type in electrophoretic studies. However, the results of the spectral studies indicated that all six mutants were defective in the anaerobic cytochrome b559 associated with FDHN. All contained the cytochrome b559 associated with nitrate reductase in amounts equal to or greater than the wild type. The results of the transduction experiments also indicated that the metE- metB segment of the Salmonella chromosome resembles that of Escherichia coli more than was originally thought. PMID- 7035434 TI - Characterization of factor IIIGLc in catabolite repression-resistant (crr) mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - crr mutants of Salmonella typhimurium are thought to be defective in the regulation of adenylate cyclase and a number of transport systems by the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system, crr mutants are also defective in the enzymatic activity of factor IIIGlc (IIIGlc), a protein component of the phosphotransferase system involved in glucose transport. Therefore, it has been proposed that IIIGlc is the primary effector of phosphotransferase system-mediated regulation of cell metabolism. We characterized crr mutants with respect to the presence and function of IIIGlc by using an immunochemical approach. All of the crr mutants tested had low (0 to 30%) levels of IIIGlc compared with wild-type cells, as determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. The IIIGlc isolated from one crr mutant was investigated in more detail and showed abnormal aggregation behavior, which indicated a structural change in the protein. These results supported the hypothesis that a crr mutation directly affects IIIGlc, probably by altering the structural gene of IIIGlc. Several crr strains which appeared to be devoid of IIIGlc in immunoprecipitation assays were still capable of in vitro phosphorylation and transport of methyl alpha-glucoside. This phosphorylation activity was sensitive to specific anti-IIIGlc serum. Moreover, the membranes of crr mutants, as well as those of wild-type cells, contained a protein that reacted strongly with our anti IIIGlc serum. We propose that S. typhimurium contains a membrane-bound form of IIIGlc which may be involved in phosphotransferase system activity. PMID- 7035435 TI - Interaction of the maltose-binding protein with membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli. AB - The interaction of the radioactively labeled purified maltose-binding protein of Escherichia coli with membrane vesicles was studied. The maltose-binding protein bound specifically to the vesicles, in the presence of maltose, on few sites. Under conditions in which a potential was imposed across the membrane, the specific binding was (i) increased, (ii) dependent on maltose, and (iii) abolished in a mutant defective in the tar gene product, one of the methyl accepting chemotaxis proteins. At least 1,300 binding sites were present in the membrane fraction of logarithmically growing cells. PMID- 7035436 TI - Expansion of the tetragonally arrayed cell wall protein layer during growth of Bacillus sphaericus. AB - The outermost layer of the cell wall of Bacillus sphaericus strain P-1 is a tetragonally arrayed structure (T-layer) which is assembled from a single polypeptide. No turnover of T-layer was detected during growth of cultures. In contrast, the turnover of peptidoglycan was between 20 and 25% per generation. The sites of deposition of new T-layer on the cell surface were identified by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique, which labeled old T-layer, and by the reverse technique, which labeled new T-layer. These experiments demonstrated that the major area of T-layer deposition was a band at the site of an incipient cell division. This band subsequently split and covered the new pole of each progeny cell. Little or no T-layer was inserted into existing poles. In addition, multiple bands of new T-layer, which probably accommodate cell elongation, were inserted along the lateral surface of the cell. PMID- 7035437 TI - The gene for ribosomal protein L13, rplM, is located near argR, at about 70 minutes on the Escherichia coli chromosomal linkage map. AB - Mutants of Escherichia coli with alterations in the electrophoretic mobility of ribosomal protein L13 were used to locate rplM, the gene for this protein, on the chromosomal linkage map. rplM was situated between gltB and argR, at about 70 min. PMID- 7035438 TI - Secretion and processing of ribose-binding protein in Escherichia coli. AB - The periplasmic D-ribose-binding protein of Escherichia coli K-12 is made initially as a larger precursor form. This precursor was observed in wild-type cells and more stably in cells inhibited for protein secretion. The precursor could be processed to the mature D-ribose-binding protein either co-or posttranslationally. The secretion pathway of the D-ribose-binding protein and that of the maltose-binding secretion have many characteristics in common. PMID- 7035439 TI - Oversynthesis of elongation factors G and Tu in Escherichia coli. AB - We induced the oversynthesis of elongation factors Tu and G by using multicopy plasmids carrying the structural genes for these proteins under the control of the lac operator-promoter. We found no evidence that accumulation of excess elongation factor Tu or G affects the expression of genes for ribosomal proteins or elongation factors. PMID- 7035440 TI - Localization of quantitation of the ornithine lipid of Thiobacillus thiooxidans. AB - The ornithine lipid of Thiobacillus thiooxidans was found to be 1.9% of the total polar lipids. Approximately 80% of this lipid was found to be localized in the outer membrane. PMID- 7035441 TI - Pimozide versus chlorpromazine in chronic schizophrenia: a 52 week double-blind study of maintenance therapy. AB - This study compared the effectiveness and safety of pimozide and chlorpromazine in the maintenance therapy of chronic schizophrenic outpatients. Forty-three patients were assigned in double-blind fashion to one of the drugs for the 52 week study. Both medication groups showed a general pattern of improvement over the course of the study, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. The results demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of pimozide in once daily administration. Previous research results showing the special utility of pimozide for the improvement of emotional withdrawal and social competence in schizophrenia were not replicated. PMID- 7035442 TI - Ultrastructural location of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis antigens in carious human dentine. AB - The ultrastructural localization of bacterial antigens of Streptococcus sanguis and of the various serotypes a,b,c,d,e,f and g of Streptococcus mutans was studied in human carious dentine using the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase method with appropriate controls. No positive staining was seen in adjacent normal dentine. In the inner dentine underlying the cytoplasm of fibroblasts and Schwann cells of unmyelinated nerve fibrils. In sclerosed tubules, or on the plasmalemma of the odontoblast process or on both structures. Only in the odontoblast, facing the carious cone, were dense stainings noted in vacuoles of various sizes located in the Golgi apparatus in juxta-nuclear position and in their odontoblast processes. In pulpal regions, underlying the carious cone, dense vacuoles were also observed in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts and Schwann cells of unmyelinated nerve fibrils. In sclerosed tubules, electron dense deposits were noted in the lumen and the walls of the calcified tubules. In the outer carious dentine, invaded by micro-organisms, positive antigenic stainings were observed in the cell wall and capsular material of a great number of micro organisms as well as in the interbacterial matrix. PMID- 7035443 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of type I, III and IV collagen in healthy human gingiva. AB - The distribution of type I, III and IV collagen in the gingival connective matrix was studied by indirect immunofluorescent techniques on biopsies of healthy human attached gingiva. This connective matrix would seem to be made up of an intricate pattern of these 3 collagen types. Type I collagen is the main component of all the layers of the gingival corium while type III collagen is mostly found in the upper layers underlying the gingival epithelium and within the blood vessel walls. Type IV collagen is only associated with basement membranes, particularly of the gingiva, endothelial cells of capillaries, blood vessel walls and nerves. PMID- 7035444 TI - Hinge-bending in L-arabinose-binding protein. The "Venus's-flytrap" model. AB - Theoretical conformational energy calculations show that large changes in the width of the binding-site cleft in the L-arabinose-binding protein involve only modest changes in the protein internal energy. Solvation energy changes associated with such variations of the cleft width and with protein-ligand interactions are estimated to be significantly larger than the internal energy changes. These results indicate that the binding-site cleft is open in the unliganded protein and is induced to close upon ligation. This picture is consistent with experimental data on the structure and binding kinetics of the L arabinose-binding protein and provides a physical framework for interpreting such data. PMID- 7035445 TI - Studies of the kinetic mechanism of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from yeast. AB - An assay procedure, utilizing high pressure liquid chromatography, has been designed which allows both reactions catalyzed by hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase to be monitored simultaneously. Using this procedure and the theories described by Huang (Huang, C. V. (1979) Methods. Enzymol. 63, 486-500) for alternate substrate kinetic analysis, we have determined that purified hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from yeast catalyzes the formations of both IMP and GMP through the use of an Ordered Bi Bi kinetic mechanism, and that guanine is highly preferred over hypoxanthine as substrate in the forward reaction. This proposed kinetic mechanism has been confirmed using flow dialysis experiments in which a binary enzyme-5-phosphoribosyl-alpha-1 pyrophosphate complex was characterized but where enzymic complexes, with either guanine or hypoxanthine, were not detected. Also consistent with this kinetic mechanism was our observation that an exchange of label between [14C]guanine or [14C]hypoxanthine and their respective nucleotides (GMP and IMP) was not catalyzed by hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. However, a significant exchange of label between [32P]pyrophosphate and 5-phosphoribosyl alpha-1-pyrophosphate is observed upon incubation with this enzyme, suggesting that hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase may exist, in part, as a phosphoribosyl-enzyme complex in the presence of 5-phosphoribosyl-alpha-1 pyrophosphate. PMID- 7035446 TI - Biosynthetic production of 13C-labeled amino acids with site-specific enrichment. AB - We have developed two Escherichia coli strains for the production of specifically labeled amino acids suitable for high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The 13C atoms from the enriched carbon sources, [1-13C]lactate, [1,4 13C2]succinate, and [1-13C]-acetate, are incorporated into the amino acids producing multilabeled molecules with relatively few instances of adjacent enriched carbons. This greatly simplifies the resultant spectra as compared to the extensively spin-coupled spectra of uniformly enriched samples. No isotopic enrichment was found at carbon positions expected to be unenriched by consideration of the major biosynthetic pathways. Utilizing 90% enriched precursors, most positions were enriched to approximately 85% except for those positions derived from acetate and those affected by the carbon interchange of the pentose phosphate shunt. In both of these cases, the enrichment level fell to 70%. The only result enrichment at the delta-methyl carbon of isoleucine. For the bacterial strain in question, the main pathway of isoleucine biosynthesis appears not to be from threonine but from an alternate precursor, possibly glutamate. PMID- 7035447 TI - Noncoordinate changes in the components of ribonucleotide reductase in mammalian cells. AB - Ribonucleotide reductase from mammalian cells consists of two nonidentical components which are both required for enzymatic activity. It was found that the addition of the effector-binding component (dye fraction) to cell-free extracts of Ehrlich tumor cells stimulated CDP reductase activity. The decrease in CDP reductase activity which accompanied the decrease in Ehrlich tumor cell proliferation in vivo could be correlated with the decrease in the dye fraction component. In regenerating liver, the reductase activity was increased maximally at 36 h following partial hepatectomy. This activity could be further stimulated by exogenous tumor cell dye fraction. The non-heme iron component (Tris fraction) was isolated and quantitated from the liver extracts of regenerating livers. The maximal increase on the Tris fraction component was observed in the 24-h regenerating liver. These data provide evidence that the components making up the active ribonucleotide reductase species are not coordinately increased at the time of the increase in reductase activity. PMID- 7035448 TI - Evidence for different pathways for the degradation of insulin and insulin receptor in the chick liver cell. PMID- 7035449 TI - Secretory character of yeast chitinase. AB - During the conversion of yeast cells to protoplasts, about half of the yeast chitinase was liberated into the medium, an indication that this portion of the enzyme is located in the periplasmic space. At least part of the remaining chitinase appears to be enclosed in vacuoles or in vesicle that co-purify with them, as indicated by a 14-fold enrichment of the enzymatic activity in a vacuole fraction isolated from a protoplast lysate. When protoplasts were incubated in growth medium, part of the chitinase was liberated in growth medium, part of the chitinase was liberated into the medium. It is concluded that yeast chitinase is a secretory enzyme, like invertase and acid phosphatase. The enzyme appears to be stored in vesicles as a prelude to its secretion into the periplasmic space. The possible function of yeast chitinase in cell division is discussed. PMID- 7035450 TI - Metabolism of iso-bile acids in the rat. PMID- 7035451 TI - Photochemical cross-linking of the gene 5 protein.fd DNA complex from fd-infected cells. AB - The gene 5 protein.fd DNA complex, which is an intermediate in the life cycle of fd bacteriophage, was isolated from fd-infected cells. After ultraviolet irradiation, approximately 10% of the gene 5 protein was covalently linked to fd DNA via the sulfhydryl group of the single cysteine residue at position 33 in the gene 5 protein. When intact, infected cells were first irradiated with ultraviolet light and the gene 5 protein.DNA complex subsequently isolated, less than 1% of the bound protein in the complex was found to be cross-linked. While these results agree with our previous findings based on irradiation of the gene 5 protein.fd DNA complex formed from purified gene 5 protein and fd DNA, they differ from the results of Lica and Ray ((1977) J. Mol. Biol. 115, 45-59) who found high yields of cross-linked gene 5 protein.fd DNA complex after ultraviolet irradiation of intact cells. PMID- 7035452 TI - Histone acetylation in baker's yeast. Maintenance of the hyperacetylated configuration in log phase protoplasts. AB - The extent and rates of histone acetylation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated. The yeast histones are highly acetylated during log phase. The modification examined is not a function of polypeptide synthesis, but rather occurs on the histones subsequent to deposition. The log phase yeast histones are neither rapidly acetylated nor rapidly deacetylated. Acetylation and deacetylation rates for histones H3 and H4 are on the order of hours, indicating that, during log phase, these histones are maintained in the hyperacetylated form. The acetate turnover rate for H2B is somewhat increased over that observed for H3 and H4. PMID- 7035453 TI - Analysis of RNA polymerase by trypsin cleavage. Different structural changes produced by heparin and DNA. AB - Alterations in RNA polymerase structure can be detected using initial trypsin cleavage rates as a conformational probe. Both template (poly[d(A-T) . d(A-T)] and the RNA polymerase inhibitor, heparin, alter the rates at which the subunits of the enzyme are cleaved. However, while the presence of poly[d(A-T) . d(A-T)] slows the cleavage of subunits beta, sigma, and alpha by trypsin, heparin accelerates the cleavage of beta and sigma. Furthermore, the presence of heparin does not prevent the effect of poly[d(A-T) . d(A-T)] on the beta and sigma cleavage rates. Thus, heparin does not eliminate the interaction between DNA and RNA polymerase. That heparin does alter the nature of this interaction is demonstrated by the fact that template decreases the trypsin cleavage rate of subunit alpha in the absence, but not in the presence, of heparin. Like heparin, the addition of RNA to the reaction increases the accessibility of beta and sigma to trypsin. Hence the interaction of heparin with RNA polymerase may mimic the product, rather than the template, interaction. PMID- 7035454 TI - The effect of cyanide and ferricyanide on the activity of the dissimilatory nitrate reductase of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7035455 TI - Surfactant phosphatidylcholine source, fluxes, and turnover times in 3-day-old, 10-day-old, and adult rabbits. AB - We have measured turnover times for alveolar surfactant phosphatidylcholine in rabbits at 3 and 10 days of age and in adult rabbits. To generate accurate estimates of the turnover time of surfactant phosphatidylcholine from lamellar bodies into the alveolar space, large numbers of rabbits at each age were injected with radiolabeled choline, palmitic acid, and phosphate. Phosphatidylcholine was isolated from lamellar body and surfactant fractions from each rabbit. Curves of specific activity versus time were analyzed using the Zilversmit equations for a two compartment precursor-product model. The curves for each labeled precursor at each age were consistent with the lamellar bodies being the sole precursors of surfactant phosphatidylcholine. The same equations were used to calculate turnover times for surfactant phosphatidylcholine; these were 8-10 h in 3- and 10-day-old rabbits but only 3 h in adult rabbits. From estimates of surfactant phosphatidylcholine pool sizes and turnover times, the flux of surfactant phosphatidylcholine was estimated to be 3.4 mumol/h in adult and 0.48 mumol/h in 3-day-old rabbits; however, the flux expressed/kg of body weight is 2.4 times larger in 3-day-old than in adult rabbits. Finally, the conservation of the radiolabeled precursors in phosphatidylcholine implies reutilization of phosphatidylcholine after synthesis and secretion. PMID- 7035456 TI - Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. Sequence characterization and secondary structure prediction. AB - The primary sequence of DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli K12 as derived from the DNA sequence (Joyce, C. M., Kelley, W. S., and Grindley, N. D. F. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 1958-1964) has been verified. Protein sequencing through eight cycles of the Klenow large fragment yields a unique sequence corresponding to residues 324 to 331 from the translated DNA sequence and defines the subtilisin cleavage site for formation of the large and small fragments as Thr323 Val324. Site-specific cleavage of whole enzyme and large fragment at cysteines and sizing of the resulting fragments verify the location of the two cysteines at residues 262 and 907 as assigned by the DNA sequencing. Isolation of tryptic peptides derived from DNA polymerase I yielded unique peptides whose composition exactly corresponded to theoretical tryptic peptides derived from the translated DNA sequence. Identification of the expected carboxyl-terminal tryptic peptide and carboxypeptidase digestion of whole enzyme and large fragment confirm histidine-928 as the carboxylterminus. A secondary structure prediction is made using the available primary sequence data. The model contains 43% alpha helix, 17% beta-structure, 58 beta-turns, and several interesting super-secondary structure elements. PMID- 7035457 TI - Mechanism of translocation. Binding equilibria between the ribosome, mRNA analogues, and cognate tRNAs. AB - The translocation of the mRNA in relation to the ribosome during peptide synthesis represents an example for a mechanochemical reaction in which the chemical bond energy of GTP is transformed into coordinated motion. We demonstrate here that translocation can be explained simply by binding equilibria between the tRNA, the mRNA, and their binding sites on the ribosome. The presence of two cognate tRNAs shifts the association constant for the 70 S ribosome . AUGU3 complex from 6.8 x 10(5) to 2.2 x 10(8) M-1. The elongation factor G and GTP or guanosine-5'-(beta,gamma-methylene)triphosphate GMP-PCP) displace the methionine tRNAs which can be formylated (tRNAfMet) from the quaternary complex 70 S . AUGU3 . tRNAfMet . tRNAPhe. Only the ternary complex Phe-tRNAPhe . elongation factor Tu . GMP-PCP shows an absolute preference for the aminoacyl tRNA binding site (A site) (K a = 6.6 x 10(6) M-1). AcPhe-tRNAPhe, (N alpha acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA) an analogue of a peptidyl-tRNA exhibits a 20-fold higher affinity to the peptidyl-tRNA binding site (P site) (K a = 3.5 x 10(6) M-1) as against the A site (K a = 1.8 x 10(6) M-1) at 8 mM Mg2+. Compared to aminoacyl tRNA and tRNA, peptidyl-tRNA shows a 3- to 15-fold higher affinity toward complementary oligonucleotides both in the binary complex and in the presence of 70 S ribosomes (UUCA . AcPhe-tRNAPhe: K a = 1.9 x 10(5) M-1), UUCA . tRNAPhe:K a = 3.2 x 10(4) M-1). This indicates a stabilization of the peptidyl-tRNA . mRNA complex during translocation. Our data support a concept of mRNA translocation in which the removal of the deacylated tRNA from the P site requires GTP energy and a peptidyl-tRNA . mRNA complex diffuses from its low affinity site (A) to its high affinity binding site (P). PMID- 7035458 TI - Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of ATP-citrate lyase in isolated hepatocytes. Stoichiometry and relation to the phosphoenzyme intermediate. AB - We have estimated the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of ATP-citrate lyase by two methods. Isolated hepatocytes incorporate extracellular 32P into [gamma-35P] ATP and immunoprecipitated ATP-citrate lyase to steady state levels by 1 h. The content of acid-stable 32P in hepatocyte ATP-citrate lyase at steady state is 0.33 +/- 0.038 mol of P/mol (tetrameric) holoenzyme. Insulin (1 milliunit/ml) increases the 32P content of immunoprecipitated lyase 2- to 3-fold in 10 min. Over 90% of acid-stable 32P on lyase is 32P-serine in enzyme isolated from both control and insulin-treated cells. ATP-citrate lyase isolated from hepatocytes contains 0.95 +/- 0.1 mol of alkali-labile phosphate/mol of holoenzyme. Insulin treatment of hepatocytes (1 milliunit/ml for 10 min) increases the alkali-labile P content by 45%. Evidence is presented which indicates that the insulin stimulated phosphorylation does not arise by intramolecular migration from the catalytic phosphoenzyme intermediate. These observations support the conclusion that insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of ATP-citrate lyase is mediated either by an insulin-induced increase in the activity of lyase kinase and/or decrease in a lyase phosphatase. The functional role of the substoichiometric phosphorylation of ATP-citrate lyase remains unknown. PMID- 7035459 TI - Hemostatic and healing studies of sodium amylose succinate (IP760). AB - Acute and chronic studies were performed in the canine model to evaluate a new topical hemostatic agent in terms of initial hemostatic capability and tissue/material interaction during the healing process. IP760, a porous amylose succinate material, was applied to large splenic surface wounds in six acute and twelve chronic animals. Microfibrillar collagen (Avitene) was used in twelve chronic animals for comparison. While the hemostatic capabilities of the two agents were comparable, marked differences were noted in the healing response. In the IP760-treated wound sites the acute inflammatory response, granulation tissue infiltration with fibrosis and healing occurred earlier and in a more homogeneous manner than in the Avitene-treated wound sites. Healing of the IP760-treated wounds occurred concomitantly with the development of granulation tissue and fibrosis and the rapid resorption of the IP760. PMID- 7035460 TI - A variant of fibrous dysplasia (osteofibrous dysplasia). AB - We are reporting the cases of five patients with a tumor-like lesion that has recently been called osteofibrous dysplasia but has also been called osteogenic fibroma, monostotic cortical fibrous dysplasia, and a variant of fibrous dysplasia. The lesions in our patients developed in childhood and were located in the diaphysis of the tibia, which was bowed anteriorly. The structural stability of the limb was not affected. In four patients the lesion recurred after a biopsy and curettage was performed in childhood. No further surgical procedure was done until the patients reached skeletal maturity. The lesion in one patient was biopsied at the age of twenty-one years. No subsequent treatment was recommended. PMID- 7035461 TI - Bone and cartilage transplantation in orthopaedic surgery. A review. PMID- 7035463 TI - Alfred Rives Shands, Jr., M.D. 1899-1981. PMID- 7035462 TI - Bone-banking. PMID- 7035464 TI - Esophageal involvement in benign mucous membrane pemphigoid. PMID- 7035465 TI - Nonhistone nuclear antigens reactive with autoantibodies. Immunofluorescence studies on distribution in synchronized cells. AB - Sera from patients with certain autoimmune diseases tht contained autoantibodies to nonhistone nuclear antigens were used as reagents in an indirect immunofluorescent study. The distribution of these nuclear antigens was determined in synchronized human B lymphoid cells. Autoantibodies to Sm antigen, nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex and SS-B antigen were used. Although all three nonhistone antigens appeared to show speckled nuclear straining patterns in the Go phase, different patterns of staining were present at other periods of the cell cycle. The SS-B antigen showed a distinctly nucleolar localization during the G1/early S phase. These studies demonstrate that autoantibodies occurring in certain human diseases can be useful reagents for the immunohistological localization of nuclear macromolecules and for tracing their pathways during different phases of cell growth and differentiation. PMID- 7035467 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of the lens main intrinsic polypeptide (MIP26) in communicating junctions. AB - Plasma membranes of vertebrate lens fiber cells contain a major intrinsic polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 26,000 (MIP26). These plasma membranes are extremely rich in communicating junctions, and it has been suggested that MIP26 is a component of them. MIP26 was purified from cow lenses using preparative SDS gel electrophoresis followed by hydroxylapatite column chromatography. From gel electrophoresis patterns and aggregational properties it was concluded that the MIP26 preparation was homogeneous. The purified MIP26 was used to produce monospecific antibodies in rabbits as assessed by double immunodiffusion and crossed immunoelectrophoresis of purified MIP26 and solubilized lens plasma membranes against the antiserum. Indirect immunocytochemical studies were performed on open and closed lens plasma membrane vesicles by incubation in anti-MIP antiserum followed by ferritin-conjugated goat antirabbit IgG. The conjugate bound unequivocally to lens communicating junctions, indicating that MIP26 is a component of these structures. PMID- 7035468 TI - Direct communication of homologous and heterologous endocrine islet cells in culture. AB - The transfer of 6-carboxyfluorescein between islet cells in monolayer culture was observed by fluorescence microscopy, and the endocrine cells involved in this transfer were identified by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The results show that carboxyfluorescein was directly exchanged between homologous B cells and also between B- and A- or D-cells. Successive microinjections of the probe into different cells of the same cluster showed the existence of separate territories, each formed by 2-8 communicating cells. Intercellular communication was not observed after every dye microinjection, and communicating and noncommunicating islet cells were found to coexist within the same cluster. The data indicate that the exchange of exogenous cytoplasmic molecules occurs between different types of endocrine islet cells. However, within a single cluster, all islet cells are not metabolically coupled to one another, at a given time. PMID- 7035469 TI - Secretion of endogenous lectin by chicken intestinal goblet cells. AB - The two lactose-binding lectins found in adult chicken intestine, chicken-lactose lectin-1 (CLL-1) and chicken-lactose-lectin-11 (CLL-11), were localized within the vesicles of the mucin-secreting goblet cells by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining methods. Attention was concentrated on CLL-11 which is 200 time more abundant than CLL-1 in adult intestine. The localization of CLL 11 in secretory vesicles, combined with its demonstration on the intestinal epithelial surface by immune staining methods and by specific elution with lactose, suggested that at least a portion of the CLL-11 in the vesicles was secreted by the goblet cells and then became associated with the mucosal surface. In support of this, treatment of isolated intestinal strips with a cholinergic agent, bethanechol (10(-7 M) produced a small but significant increase in the amount of CLL-11 that could be eluted from their surface with lactose. Secretion of lectin may occur in conjunction with mucin because both are localized in the secretory vesicles and CLL-1 and CLL-11 apparently bind to purified chicken intestinal mucin, which is a potent inhibitor of their hemagglutination activities. The mucin is six orders of magnitude more potent than lactose as a hemagglutination inhibitor of CLL-1 or CLL-11 on a molar basis, and three orders of magnitude more potent when expressed per mole of hexose. These results suggest that CLL-11, and perhaps CLL-1, are secreted from the goblet cells along with mucin. They may function in the organization of mucin for secretion and/or in its association with the intestinal mucosal surface. PMID- 7035470 TI - Regulation of granulopoiesis and distribution of granulocytes in early phase of bacterial infection. AB - Studies have been carried out to determine the effect of bacterial infection on CSF production, CFU-C activation, and bacterial clearance by mature granulocytes in mice infected with Escherichia coli. These studies have shown that immediately after bacterial infection (5 minutes), serum colony-stimulating factor (CSF) levels and bone marrow colony-forming units in culture (CFU-C) levels are elevated. This is followed by oscillatory rises in both of these parameters and the appearance of granulocytes in the infected site. With clearance of bacteria, CSF and CFU-C levels return to normal. These studies have indicated further that bacterial infection is a major stimulus for granulocyte production through the CSF-CFU-C system and that clearance of bacteria by mature granulocytes may serve as a negative feedback regulatory arm. PMID- 7035471 TI - Localization of functional activity in the central nervous system by measurement of glucose utilization with radioactive deoxyglucose. PMID- 7035466 TI - Mechanisms for the incorporation of proteins in membranes and organelles. PMID- 7035472 TI - Hypoglycemic brain injury: metabolic and structural findings in rat cerebellar cortex during profound insulin-induced hypoglycemia and in the recovery period following glucose administration. AB - Previous results have shown that severe, prolonged hypoglycemia leads to neuronal cell damage in, among other structures, the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus but not the cerebellum. In order to study whether or not this sparing of cerebellar cells is due to preservation of cerebellar energy stores, hypoglycemia of sufficient severity to abolish spontaneous EEG activity was induced for 30 and 60 min. At the end of these periods of hypoglycemia, as well as after a 30 min recovery period, cerebellar tissue was sampled for biochemical analyses or for histopathological analyses or for histopathological analyses by means of light and electron microscopy. After 30 min of hypoglycemia. the cerebellar energy state, defined in terms of the phosphocreatine, ATP, ADP, and AMP concentrations, was better preserved than in the cerebral cortex. After 60 min, gross deterioration of cerebellar energy state was observed in the majority of animals, and analyses of carbohydrate metabolites and amino acids demonstrated extensive consumption of endogenous substrates. In spite of this metabolic disturbance, histopathologic alterations were surprisingly discrete. After 30 min, no clear structural changes were observed. After 60 min, only small neurons in the molecular layer (basket cells) were affected, while Purkinje cells and granule cells showed few signs of damage. The results support our previous conclusion that the pathogenesis of cell damage in hypoglycemia is different from that in hypoxia-ischemia and indicate that other mechanisms than energy failure must contribute to neuronal cell damage in the brain. PMID- 7035473 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 1318 substances of toxicological interest on SE-30 or OV-1 stationary phase. AB - Retention indices associated with 1318 substances likely to be encountered in toxicological analyses are presented. They are listed in ascending order of retention index for identification purposes and also in alphabetical order of compound name. The 4586 values used in this collection have been extracted from 36 sources, many of which have not been previously published. In many cases, where the quoted retention index is the mean of several determinations, the reproducibility and reliability of this value may be assessed. A histogram of the 1742 values listed is provided to help in determining the usefulness of a retention index for identification purposes. The reproducibility of inter laboratory retention index measurements for twenty compounds on both SE-30 and OV 17 are presented and show the former, on average, to give more reproducible results. PMID- 7035474 TI - Analysis of barbiturates by gas chromatography. AB - This review surveys the evolution of gas chromatographic procedures for the quantification of barbiturates as either the free acids or their derivatives obtained by direct and on-column reactions. Among the aspects discussed, some emphasis is placed on recognized and other sources of interference encountered during analyses. PMID- 7035475 TI - Alkylation with alkylhalides as a derivatization method for the gas chromatographic determination of acidic pharmaceuticals. AB - The various types of alkylation reactions with alkyl halides and their application in the gas chromatographic analysis of acidic compounds of pharmaceutical interest are reviewed. An extensive survey of the use of these methods for the analysis of various (classes of) compounds is given, with special reference to their determination in biological matrices. PMID- 7035476 TI - Liquid chromatography of sugars on silica-based stationary phases. AB - A review is given of sugar analysis by liquid chromatography using silica columns. Aspects covered are column materials and preparation, chemically and physically modified amine columns, octadecyl-and unmodified silica columns; eluent composition and elution mechanisms for the different types of columns used; detection methods, RI and UV detectors, visible light, fluorescence, moving wire, polarimetric and mass detection; and sample preparation and origin of samples. PMID- 7035477 TI - Micro determination of gentamicin in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7035478 TI - Theophylline analysis by direct application of serum to thin layer chromatograms. AB - The direct application of 20 microliters of serum to thin layer chromatograms was a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of theophylline. Ten common drugs were shown not to interfere. A comparison with the enzyme immunoassay values obtained in an independent laboratory showed the utility of the method. PMID- 7035479 TI - Age and sex variations in glucose tolerance and insulin responses: parallels with cardiovascular risk. AB - The venous plasma glucose and insulin concentrations recorded during oral glucose tolerance testing of over 300 1st degree relatives (parents and siblings) of insulin dependent diabetics are presented. Men had higher glucose concentrations than women, the difference increasing with age, while insulin responses appeared greater in adolescent girls and young women than their male counterparts. The possible relationship between the different insulin responses in the two sexes and the sex difference in cardiovascular risk factors is discussed. It is suggested that the absence of a marked sex differential in heart disease mortality amongst diabetics may partly result from the loss by diabetic women of their greater insulin production relative to men in young adult life. PMID- 7035480 TI - A double-blind randomized trial of low-dose oral urea to prevent sickle cell crises. AB - Seventy-nine homozygous SS patients were randomly assigned to control or oral prophylactic urea treatment in a double-blind trial designed to determine whether prophylactic oral urea, in low doses, prevents sickle cell crises. The average follow-up time for these patients was 13.7 months and 33 patients were diagnosed as having one or more crises during the study. No statistically significant treatment differences were found in weight changes, bilirubin changes, or hemoglobin changes over the course of the study or in the distribution of time to first crises or time to second crisis. This study gives no evidence in favor of the hypothesis that prophylactic oral urea, in low doses, prolongs time to crisis. PMID- 7035481 TI - Short term improvement in glycemic control utilizing continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: the effect on 24-hour integrated concentrations of counterregulatory hormones and plasma lipids in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Eight patients with established insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were studied before and 2 weeks after the initiation of pumped continuous sc insulin infusion in order to investigate the effect of short term improvement of glycemic control on hormonal and lipid levels. Glycemic control was improved in all patients. Using a constant blood withdrawal pump, accurate 24-h average concentrations, denoted integrated concentrations, were obtained. The mean 24-h integrated concentrations of GH, cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine did not change significantly. The mean fasting triglyceride concentration dropped from 119.1 to 83.4 mg/dl (P less than 0.05). The mean 24-h integrated concentration of plasma triglycerides fell from 132.1 to 101.5 mg/dl (P less than 0.02). Both mean fasting and mean 24-h integrated concentrations of plasma cholesterol were lower after improved control. Short term improvement in glycemic control was associated with a reduction in plasma lipid concentrations, but failed to alter mean 24-h integrated concentrations of the measured counterregulatory hormones. PMID- 7035483 TI - Dopaminergic modulation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone secretion in man. AB - This study was designed to investigate mechanisms of dopaminergic control of corticosteroid secretion and to determine on which step in the aldosterone biosynthetic pathway dopamine exerts its effects. Plasma concentrations of electrolytes, PRA, plasma cortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone (18 OHB), and 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone were not altered by the iv administration of 10 mg metoclopramide in six healthy male volunteers. Metoclopramide increased plasma aldosterone from 6.3 +/- 0.9 ng/dl to a maximum of 23.0 +/- 3.4 ng/dl, plasma 18-OHB from 11.4 +/- 1.1 ng/dl to a maximum level of 42.8 +/- 4.4 ng/dl, and PRL from 9.9 +/- 1.4 ng/ml to a maximum of 71.0 +/- 5.5 ng/ml. The aldosterone and 18-OHB responses displayed a parallel time course, with significant responses of both occurring with 5 min after metoclopramide administration. Dopamine infusions (3 micrograms/kg . min) begun 60 min before the administration of metoclopramide markedly decreased the 18-OHB as well as the aldosterone and PRL responses to the dopamine antagonist. A parallel time course of stimulation of 18-OHB and aldosterone secretion with no change in other aldosterone precursors suggests that dopamine may modulate the activity of the glomerulosa 18-hydroxylase enzyme. Thus, rather than simply affecting aldosterone secretion, dopaminergic mechanisms appear to modulate the biosynthesis of aldosterone. PMID- 7035482 TI - Effects of bromocriptine on renin, aldosterone, and prolactin responses to posture and metoclopramide in idiopathic edema: possible therapeutic approach. AB - This study examines the effect of bromocriptine therapy (2.5 mg three times daily for 4-5 days) on orthostatic increases in weight, PRA, plasma aldosterone, and PRL in patients with idiopathic edema and in normal female controls. Additionally, PRA, aldosterone, and PRL responses to the dopamine antagonist metoclopramide were examined in both groups before and after bromocriptine. Edema patients demonstrated greater orthostatic weight gain and greater aldosterone and PRL responses to upright posture and isometric handgrip exercise. However, after bromocriptine treatment, these orthostatic responses were similar to those noted in normal controls. After metoclopramide administration, edema patients displayed normal PRA and aldosterone responses, but had exaggerated PRL responses. After bromocriptine, the PRL, but not the PRA or aldosterone, response to metoclopramide was greatly reduced. The PRL responses to metoclopramide were similar in edema patients and controls after bromocriptine treatment. These data suggest that there is decreased dopaminergic inhibition of aldosterone and PRL in response to upright posture in the idiopathic edema syndrome. Diminished orthostatic urinary excretion of sodium appears to be related to decreased dopaminergic tone in this syndrome. These abnormalities are largely corrected by tolerable doses of the dopamine agonist bromocriptine. PMID- 7035484 TI - Histocompatability antigens and immunoglobulin G insulin antibodies in Mexican American insulin-dependent diabetic patients. AB - To determine the association of histocompatability antigens (HLA) with insulin dependent diabetes (IDD) in Mexican-Americans, we determined HLA-A, -B, and -C specificities in 112 unrelated patients and 332 controls, and HLA-DR specificities in 85 patients and 209 controls. We also studied immunoglobulin G (IgG) insulin antibody formation in 56 Mexican-Americans with IDD, and the relationship between antibody formation and HLA-DR antigens. IDD patients have a significant increase in HLA-DR4 compared to the control population (chi 2 = 14.75; corrected P less than 0.0001). HLA-DR2 was not detected in any patient with IDD. A significant association between HLA-Aw30 and HLA-B18 was found in IDD patients (chi 2 = 9.39; P less than 0.05) as compared to controls. IgG insulin antibody formation was significantly increased in HLA-DR3- and -DR4-negative patients compared to that in patients positive for both antigens (P less than 0.05). These findings support previous observations in caucasians and black Americans indicating that HLA-DR specificities are associated with IDD and may play a role in determining its mode of inheritance, and perhaps its pathogenesis, independent of ethnic differences. HLA-DR immune-associated antigens are also of importance in determining IgG insulin antibody formation. PMID- 7035485 TI - Urinary C-peptide: an indicator of beta-cell secretion under different metabolic conditions. PMID- 7035486 TI - Peripheral K lymphocytes in autoimmune thyroid disease: decrease in Graves' disease and increase in Hashimoto's disease. PMID- 7035487 TI - Specific estrogen receptors in human gingiva. AB - The cytoplasm of normal human male and female gingiva contains a receptor capable of specifically binding 17 beta-estradiol and moxestrol (R-2858) with high affinity (Kd = approximately 3.4 X 10(-10) M) and low capacity (4.5 fmol/mg protein). The binding is sensitive to heat (destroyed by warming to 37 C for 60 min), proteolytic enzymes (pronase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin), and exhibits a pattern of competition similar to that obtained with estrogen receptors from other target tissues. Nuclear uptake of [3H]estradiol was demonstrated by using a dry autoradiographic technique. Specific nuclear localization of [3H]estradiol was found predominantly in basal and spinous layers of gingival epithelium, stromal connective tissue cells (fibroblasts), and endothelial cells and pericytes of small blood vessels in the lamina propria. There was no difference between the Kd values in normal and diseased tissue or between the Kd values or number of binding sites and the age or sex of the patient. However, there was a difference between the amount of estrogen binding sites per mg protein in normal tissue compared to gingiva with dilantin hyperplasia. These results provide the first direct evidence that human gingiva may function as a target organ for estrogens. PMID- 7035488 TI - [Recent advances in neurological surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035489 TI - [Studies on carbohydrate metabolism in children with congenital heart diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035490 TI - The significance of anti-neuronal antibodies in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Indirect immunofluorescence and cell-type-specific markers were used to determine whether antibodies directed against specific neural cell types were present in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), other neurological diseases (OND) and normal controls. Sera and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were tested on either frozen sections of rat and human cortex and/or dissociated cell cultures of neonatal rat cerebellum, and human fetal dorsal root ganglia (DRG). All groups of patients and normal subjects were indistinguishable in their pattern of immunoglobulin (Ig) staining. Staining of neurones on frozen sections was predominantly nuclear. In cultures all sera showed weak staining of oligodendrocytes, fibroblasts and Schwann cells. Varying degrees of surface staining of neurones were seen with both sera and CSF within all groups. PMID- 7035491 TI - Post-embedding immunoperoxidase staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein for light and electron microscopy. AB - Post-embedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase methods to stain glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein in Araldite-embedded sections for light and electron microscopy were developed. The Jimpy mouse spinal cord was used because it is gliotic and contains abundant glial filaments and GFA protein. For light microscopy, specific staining was obtained in thick and in ultrathin sections mounted on glass following removal of the plastic with sodium ethoxide. Consistent specific staining for GFA protein in ultrathin sections mounted on nickel grids required partial removal of the plastic with 1% sodium ethoxide and further treatment with 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). PMID- 7035492 TI - Lymphocyte responsiveness to oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis. AB - Lymphocyte responsiveness to oligodendrocytes has been examined with a modification of the antigen-reactive early T cell test in a total of 206 blood samples [104 multiple sclerosis (MS); 62 other neurological diseases (OND); 14 non-neurologic diseases; and 26 normals]. Oligodendrocyte reactivity was detectable more frequently in MS (49%) than in OND (23%) and normals (8%) but was absent from patients with non-neurologic diseases. Percentages of lymphocytes binding oligodendrocyte antigens were determined by direct and indirect immunofluorescence and immunocyto-adherence. Comparable results were obtained from all 3 systems. Percentages of oligodendrocyte antigen-binding lymphocytes were higher in MS than in OND and normals. With the present battery of techniques, lymphocyte responsiveness to oligodendrocytes has been shown to be more common in MS but since it is also found among OND, it is not MS-specific and most likely represents an epiphenomenon associated with white matter destruction. PMID- 7035493 TI - Atropine sulphate--an effective antisialogogue. PMID- 7035494 TI - Mechanisms of epinephrine-induced glucose intolerance in normal humans. AB - To evaluate the role of the splanchnic bed in epinephrine-induced glucose intolerance, we selectively assessed the components of net splanchnic glucose balance, i.e., splanchnic glucose uptake and hepatic glucose production, and peripheral glucose uptake by combining infusion of [3-(3)H]glucose with hepatic vein catheterization. Normal humans received a 90-min infusion of either glucose alone (6.5 mg/kg(-1) per min(-1)) or epinephrine plus glucose at two dose levels: (a) in amounts that simulated the hyperglycemia seen with glucose alone (3.0 mg/kg(-1) per min(-1)); and (b) in amounts identical to the control study. During infusion of glucose alone, blood glucose rose twofold, insulin levels and net posthepatic insulin release increased three- to fourfold, and net splanchnic glucose output switched from a net output (1.65+/-0.12 mg/kg(-1) per min(-1)) to a net uptake (1.56+/-0.18). This was due to a 90-95% fall (P < 0.001) in hepatic glucose production and a 100% rise (P < 0.001) in splanchnic glucose uptake (from 0.86+/-0.14 to 1.71+/-0.12 mg/kg(-1) per min(-1)), which in the basal state amounted to 30-35% of total glucose uptake. Peripheral glucose uptake rose by 170 185% (P < 0.001). When epinephrine was combined with the lower glucose dose, blood glucose, insulin release, and hepatic blood flow were no different from values observed with glucose alone. However, hepatic glucose production fell only 40-45% (P < 0.05 vs. glucose alone) and, most importantly, the rise in splanchnic glucose uptake was totally blocked. As a result, splanchnic glucose clearance fell by 50% (P < 0.05), and net splanchnic glucose uptake did not occur. The rise in peripheral glucose uptake was also reduced by 50-60% (P < 0.001). When epinephrine was added to the same dose of glucose used in the control study, blood glucose rose twofold higher (P < 0.001). The initial rise in splanchnic glucose uptake was totally prevented; however, beyond 30 min, splanchnic glucose uptake increased, reaching levels seen in the control study when severe hyperglycemia occurred. Splanchnic glucose clearance, nevertheless, remained suppressed throughout the entire study (40%-50%, P < 0.01). It is concluded that (a) the splanchnic bed accounts for one-third of total body glucose uptake in the basal state in normal humans; (b) epinephrine markedly inhibits the rise in splanchnic glucose uptake induced by infusion of glucose; and (c) this effect does not require a fall in insulin and is modulated by the level of hyperglycemia. Our data indicate that the splanchnic bed is an important site of glucose uptake in post-absorptive humans and that epinephrine impairs glucose tolerance by suppressing glucose uptake by both splanchnic and peripheral tissues, as well as by its well known stimulatory effect on endogenous glucose production. PMID- 7035496 TI - An evaluation of the clinical utility of the Draw-a-Person Test. AB - Evaluated the reliability and validity of objective scoring procedures on the Draw-A-Person Test. Handler's (1967) scales and other ratings of overall quality were used. Ss were mentally retarded persons, hospitalized and non-hospitalized psychotics, and normals. Naive raters scored the protocols under blind conditions. Reliability estimates for both sets of scales ranged from .42 to .78. Positive evidence also is presented, which indicates that overall quality does relate to overall level of psychological adjustment. Group and scale differences are discussed. PMID- 7035497 TI - Relaxation training and its relationship to hyperactivity in boys. AB - Examined the relationship of relaxation to hyperactivity in boys. Ten male Caucasians, who ranged in age from 6-12, were given 10 neutral treatment sessions and 10 relaxation training sessions. Behavioral observation, psychological tests and parental rating were taken before and after both neutral treatment and relaxation training. Analysis of the research was accomplished by using orthogonal planned comparisons. On all nine dependent variables, the Ss exhibited no change after neutral treatment and significant change after relaxation training. Data collected during the relaxation process demonstrated reduced muscle tension for all Ss. PMID- 7035495 TI - Antibody-independent classical pathway-mediated opsonophagocytosis of type Ia, group B streptococcus. AB - The opsonophagocytic requirements of human sera containing endogenous complement for a variety of type Ia, and group B streptococcal strains were defined. Significant reduction (>==90%) in colony-forming units was noted after a 40-min incubation for the highly encapsulated, mouse-passed prototype strain 090 by sera containing moderate to high concentrations of antibody to type Ia polysaccharide (mean, 16.5 mug/ml), whereas bacterial growth occurred in 25 sera with low levels of specific antibody (mean, 2.1 mug/ml). This absolute requirement for a critical amount of specific antibody in promoting opsonophagocytic killing of strain 090 was not found when 18 fresh clinical type Ia isolates were tested. In antibody deficient and agammaglobulinemic sera, respectively, mean reductions in colony forming units of 94 and 95% were seen for fresh clinical isolates, whereas strain 090 was not killed by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the presence of these sera. All strains required a considerable amount of specific antibody for alternative pathway-mediated opsonophagocytosis. That opsonophagocytic killing of clinical type Ia isolates was mediated by the classical pathway in a nonantibody-dependent fashion was shown when MgEGTA chelation of agammaglobulinemic serum or use of serum deficient in C2 resulted in bacterial growth. The addition of C2 to C2 deficient serum restored bactericidal activity of this serum. These experiments indicate that substances other than the exposed surface of the type Ia capsular polysaccharide initiate classical pathway-mediated opsonophagocytosis of clinical isolates of type Ia, group B streptococci by human sera in the absence of immunoglobulin. Perhaps, a deficiency in classical complement pathway function is critical to the susceptibility of neonates to type Ia, group B streptococcal disease. PMID- 7035498 TI - Use of antisera to epithelial membrane antigen for the cytodiagnosis of malignancy in serous effusions. AB - A new human antigen, designated epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), has recently been described on surface membranes of a wide variety of normal epithelium but not on connective tissue cells. The antigen is only weakly expressed on normal or reactive mesothelium. Increased expression of the antigen has been observed in most neoplasms of epithelial origin and in malignant mesothelioma. We have investigated the possibility of using this difference in the expression of the antigen to distinguish between mesothelial cells and malignant cells in cytological smears of serous effusions. This distinction cannot always be made on morphological grounds alone and problems of differential diagnosis are encountered in about 15% of all specimens of serous effusions sent for cytological examination. Using antisera to EMA we have applied an indirect immunoalkaline phosphatase technique to alcohol-fixed smears prepared from serous effusions and have found that intense staining of the antigen is confined to effusions from patients in whom there is either clinical or cytological evidence of malignancy. The technique proved to be especially useful in cytologically equivocal cases, where there were problems of differential diagnosis. PMID- 7035500 TI - Evaluation of buffy-coat microscopy for the early diagnosis of bacteraemia. AB - Three hundred and sixty samples of blood from 230 hospital patients were examined and compared with the results of simultaneous blood culture to determine the value of buffy-coat microscopy in detecting bacteraemia. One observer found 86 positive smears, 12 of which were from patients with positive blood cultures and 74 from patients with negative blood cultures. The buffy-coat smear was negative in 274 specimens, 8 of which yielded positive blood cultures. A second observer considered that only 34 of the buffy coats were positive. Only six of these were associated with positive blood cultures. Although there was a statistically significant association between positive smears and positive blood cultures, the procedure has little practical value because of the high incidence of false positives and negatives. PMID- 7035501 TI - Rubella-specific IgM detected by an antibody capture assay/ELISA technique. AB - A sensitive method for detecting rubella IgM antibody, the first step of which is the attachment of the serum IgM to a solid phase, is described. Specific IgM antibody was found in all 52 people with acquired rubella in the early convalescent period, in all 38 infants with congenital rubella examined in the first seven months of life, and in 23 of 26 people immunised one to four months before testing. Twenty-four of 44 rheumatoid factor-positive sera, however, gave false-positive readings. In routine use the test was economical of both reagents and time. PMID- 7035499 TI - Tumour-associated eosinophilia: a review. AB - In a recent study of cervical carcinoma, 13 cases with a marked eosinophil infiltrate around the tumour were found. The histological appearance of the tumours was distinctive and suggested a specific response, similar to the lymphocyte infiltration in medullary carcinoma of the breast and seminoma. A review of published reports shows that tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) and tumour-associated blood eosinophilia (TABE) may be seen in tumours of different histological types from different anatomical sites, and may occur together or separately. Tumours with TATE alone appear to have a better prognosis that those without, while TABE is associated with tumor spread and a poor prognosis. PMID- 7035502 TI - Group B streptococcal serotypes correlated with maternal parity and carrier sites. PMID- 7035503 TI - Articulators - a perspective: wristolator to robots. PMID- 7035504 TI - Maturation of rat visual cortex. II. A combined Golgi-electron microscope study of pyramidal neurons. AB - Tissue removed from 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 21-day-old rats has been prepared for correlative light and electron microscopy to examine the maturation of cell bodies, dendrites, and axons of pyramidal neurons in layer V of rat visual cortex. As the size of the cell body increases steadily during the first 3 postnatal weeks there is an equivalent growth in nuclear volume. By day 15, there are infoldings in the nuclear envelope which may be induced by eye opening on day 14. Nucleoli increase in size until day 9, after which they appear to condense. Within the perikarya, the most conspicuous change is the amount and organization of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Symmetric axosomatic synapses are evident by day 6. The ultrastructure of dendrites does not change substantially with age. Dendrites form synapses with symmetric densities as early as day 3 and asymmetric ones by day 9. It seems that dendritic spines begin as low, broad protrusions having symmetric junctions with smaller diameter axonal processes. With time they become taller stumps, before acquiring their mature lollipop shape and participating in asymmetric synapses with axonal varicosities. Other dendritic appendages, filopodia, and growth cones are transient structures, being conspicuous only between days 3 and 12. "Terminal" growth cones are essential for extension of dendritic processes, whereas "en passant" growth cones and filopodia seem important for dendritic branching. Boutons of mature pyramidal cell axons form asymmetric synapses with dendritic shafts and spines, but the developing synapses formed by these axons have more symmetric junctions. The maturation of pyramidal cell features progresses in concert with such extrinsic determinants as afferent input and is probably influenced by the competency of synaptic connections. PMID- 7035505 TI - The accessory optic system of Rana pipiens: neuroanatomical connections and intrinsic organization. AB - The accessory optic system of Rana pipiens was investigated by autoradiographic, horseradish peroxidase, and Golgi techniques, revealing a complexity of neuroanatomical organization previously unrecognized. Retinal afferents project to the nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR) via a primary bundle and more diffuse, medial bundle of optic axons, both of which contain large- and small diameter fibers. At least six types of retinal ganglion cell contribute to the basal optic root (BOR), including giant ganglion cells, two intermediate-sized ganglion cell types, small ganglion cells, and two types of displaced ganglion cell. The major retinal projection is contralateral, but a small, ipsilateral component also exists. Afferents from neurons which are postsynaptic to the thalamic retinal terminal fields also reach nBOR. Four distinct cell types were identified within the terminal field of nBOR: stellate neurons (63%), amacrine cells (19%), elongate neurons (14%), and large ganglionic neurons (4%). Both stellate and amacrine cells appear to be intrinsic neurons, while elongate and ganglionic neurons constitute the efferent neuron population of nBOR. In addition, cells which lie medial to the terminal field, pyriform and commissural neurons, send dendrites into nBOR. Pyriform neurons project to the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (nMLF) and cranial nerve nuclei III and IV, while commissural neurons project to the contralateral nBOR. Large reticular neurons of the nMLF also send dendrites into nBOR. Efferent projections from nBOR were observed in the large-celled pretectal nucleus and in nucleus lateralis profundus. A second major projection originates from the peri-nBOR region and is associated with the oculomotor system and with the nMLF. Efferent projections from the nMLF to the vestibular nuclei and to the rostral spinal cord were also observed, as well as projections which reach the brainstem from the large-celled pretectal nucleus, the posterior thalamic and anterior mesencephalic central gray. PMID- 7035506 TI - Laminar organization of the afferent and efferent systems of the torus semicircularis of gymnotiform fish: morphological substrates for parallel processing in the electrosensory system. AB - The torus semicircularis of Gymnotiform fish is an enlarged laminated midbrain structure which receives lemniscal input from electrosensory, mechanoreceptive lateral line, and auditory systems. The electrosensory input in confined to the dorsal torus, while the auditory and mechanoreceptive systems project to the ventral torus. Anterograde and retrograde techniques were used were used to determine the connections of the dorsal torus in Apteronotus and Eigenmannia. The dorsal torus can be divided into nine major laminae, each of which has distinct afferent and efferent connections. The dorsal torus receives five afferent inputs: (1) A contralateral topographic input from the posterior lateral line lobe (PLLL) projects to laminae III, V, VI, VII, VIIIB, and VIIID. (2) Eurydendroid cells of the caudal lobe of the cerebellum project contralaterally to lamina VIIIB. (3) A portion of the descending nucleus of V projects to laminae VIIIA, VIIIC, and IX. (4) Lamina I is a cap of fine myelinated fibers which may originate in the torus longitudinalis. They project to laminae II and III. (5) The ipsilateral optic tectum projects to the dorsal torus. The dorsal torus projects to six major targets: (1) Laminae VII, VIII, and IX project bilaterally to a lateral region of the diencephalon above n. preglomerulosus, herein named n. electrosensorius. An area below the dorsal thalamus receives a smaller ipsilateral projection. (2) Laminae II, V, VIvn, VII, VIII, and IX project topographically to the deeper laminae of the ipsilateral optic tectum. This projection is in spatial register with the visual map in the superficial layers of the tectum. (3) Lamina VIIID projects ipsilaterally to the lateral reticular formation. (4) All laminae other than I, VI, and VIIIB project topographically to ahe ipsilateral n. praeeminentialis, which provides a powerful descending projection to the PLLL. (5) Lamina IX projects to a dorsal pretectal area. (6) The ipsilateral inferior olive receives a projection from the dorsal torus. PMID- 7035507 TI - A reassessment of the forms of nonpyramidal neurons in area 17 of cat visual cortex. PMID- 7035508 TI - An evaluation of dipsogenic stimuli in the African green monkey. AB - Elevations in the concentration of plasma angiotensin II (AII) and decline in plasma aldosterone (Ald) were noted in African Green monkeys at 48 hr of water deprivation but not subsequent to an equivalent duration of food deprivation, compared with nondeprived levels. In a second experiment, drinking was initiated following treatment with AII, hypertonic saline, and the beta-adrenergic stimulator isoproterenol. Concomitant elevations in plasma AII concentrations were measured following isoproterenol injection, but not after AII or hypertonic saline injection, when compared with isotonic saline treatment. Elevations in plasma Ald levels were noted following AII injection. A third experiment evaluated dipsogenic additivity of stimuli by comparing the volumes of water consumed following isoproterenol or hypertonic saline injection with the intake resulting from combined treatment with isoproterenol and hypertonic saline. Additivity was tested under ad lib conditions and following adaptation to a daily water deprivation regimen. The results of the first two experiments generally agree with predictions based on the respective contributions by intracellular dehydration and extracellular fluid volume depletion, to thirst. However, additivity of thirst stimuli was not demonstrated in the third experiment. PMID- 7035509 TI - [The butterfly bridge: conservative approach in dental restoration]. PMID- 7035510 TI - An in vivo and in vitro study of the cyclophosphamide-induced enhancement of contact sensitivity to 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene (DNCB). PMID- 7035511 TI - Ultrastructural studies on pigmented macules of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. PMID- 7035512 TI - Lymphocyte studies in bullous pemphigoid. PMID- 7035513 TI - An electron microscopic study of lipid droplets in the normal human sebaceous gland. PMID- 7035514 TI - Ultrastructure of incontinentia pigmenti achromians, with special reference to melanocytes and nerve endings. PMID- 7035515 TI - Atypical fibroxanthoma of the skin. A histological and electron microscopic study. PMID- 7035516 TI - Syringoma limited to genitalia of a preadolescent girl. PMID- 7035517 TI - Flow-dependence of extravascular thermal volume as an index of pulmonary edema. AB - Using a double indicator (dye and heat) dilution technique of extravascular lung water measurement, we examined the effect of a reduction in cardiac output and positive pressures on the extravascular thermal volume (EVTV) in dogs. Following baseline EVTV measurements, cardiac output was lowered by inflation of balloons in the superior and inferior vena cavas, as well as by bleeding, and positive pressures were applied to the airways. There was good agreement between the baseline EVTV and post-mortem lung water; however, as the cardiac output was lowered there was a reduction in the measured EVTV. In other animals following application of positive airway pressure there was a decrease in the EVTV which appeared to be related to the reduction in cardiac output caused by positive airway pressure. At least in part, loss of thermal indicator appeared to explain the reduction in EVTV. Measurement of EVTV as an index of pulmonary edema may not be accurate in the face of a changing cardiac output. PMID- 7035518 TI - Optimal endexpiratory airway pressure for ventilated patients. AB - In patients ventilated for acute respiratory failure PEEP was changed either by gradual increase and decrease (5 cm H2O/min) or in steps of 5 cm H2O. The effects on gas exchange, pulmonary mechanics and pulmonary and systemic circulation were studied. Total compliance did not change uniformly and cardiac index decreased so much due to PEEP that the increase in PaO2 could not prevent the decrease of arterial oxygen transport. No variable was found helpful to predict the "best PEEP" in a clinical situation. PMID- 7035520 TI - A question of surgical intervention. PMID- 7035519 TI - Childbirth in the 1980s: what are the options? PMID- 7035521 TI - Gingival autografts as an adjunct to removable partial dentures. AB - The lingual bar of a mandibular removable partial denture, especially a free-end saddle type, may exert a great deal of pressure on the underlying periodontal tissues. It is best that the lingual bar be placed as far away from the marginal tissues as possible but still on dense, collagenous attached gingiva. If an inadequate amount of attached gingiva is present on the lingual surfaces of the mandibular anterior teeth, this tissue may be augmented by a free, palatal gingival autograft. The patient with a partial denture must be constantly monitored to determine whether any changes have occurred in the edentulous saddle areas. Resorption of these ridges may allow the partial denture to settle, thereby compromising the periodontal health of the supporting teeth. PMID- 7035522 TI - Clinical evaluation of the wax trial denture. AB - A complete denture is a mechanical object, much of which is fabricated outside the dental operatory. Its specific fabrication, however, is dictated by clinical facts, as outlined in instructions provided by the dentist. This mechanical object must function in a biologic atmosphere, and every effort must be made to assure a harmonious relationship between the mechanical and the biologic. The wax trial denture stage becomes a critical phase of complete denture care in evaluating this relationship. The wax trial denture should be evaluated relative to trial base stability, vertical dimension, centric and protrusive jaw relationships, tooth selection, the level of the occlusal plane, buccolingual and anteroposterior tooth position, and occlusal articulation. Although all of these factors should be further evaluated at the denture insertion stage as well as at each recall visit, only at the wax trial denture stage can significant changes be easily accomplished. The wax trial denture evaluation should receive adequate consideration in any complete denture technique. PMID- 7035523 TI - The prevention of dental caries: ten years later. AB - By any standards, progress toward caries prevention has been impressive during the past decade. It is arguable that more information on the precise etiology of caries and on potential new preventive methods has been acquired during the 1970s than in any comparable period previously. Substantial advances have been made toward the understanding of the complex interaction among oral microorganisms, host resistance, and dietary substrate in the initiation and progression of a caries lesion. The various mechanisms of action of the fluoride ion have been further elucidated; vaccination against caries and a reduction in the cariogenic potential of sweet foods have both become realistic possibilities. Conspicuous successes have also been achieved in the application of existing knowledge. At least 12 million more children than in 1971 are receiving partial protection against caries through self-applied fluoride programs. Other effective preventive methods, including adhesive sealants and, possibly, antimicrobial agents, could be widely and advantageously utilized if manpower and regulatory constraints were overcome, as their scientific feasibility has, for the most part, already been demonstrated. Of course, it would be naive to predict the early disappearance of dental caries as a major health problem. This will occur only gradually, and will require a much more extensive use of preventive methods--those already available as well as those still being developed by research. Nevertheless, a major step toward the goal of caries prevention has already been taken, and there is good reason to expect even more rapid progress during the 1980s. PMID- 7035524 TI - Antibiotics and periodontal disease: a selective review of the literature. Council on Dental Research. PMID- 7035525 TI - The presidents. B. Holly Smith, 1899-1900. PMID- 7035526 TI - Dermal hypersensitivity reactions to insulin: correlations of three patterns to their histopathology. AB - Fifteen diabetics with recurrent painful local reactions to insulin were studied. Reactions occurring after intradermal insulin injection were observed in nine patients over 48 hr and biopsies were taken at intervals for microscopic study using the 1 mu Giemsa technique. Insulin-specific IgE and IgG levels were measured on all patients. Five patients had biphasic reactions in which wheal and flare (WFR) were followed by an indurated lesion 4 to 6 hr later. These reactions lasted up to 24 hr and were histopathologically identical to similar "late-phase reactions" seen with ragweed. They were transferable with Prausnitz-Kustner (P-K) testing. Three patients had reactions that developed 8 to 12 hr after injection, peaked around 24 hr, and were not preceded by WFR. These reactions were morphologically delayed hypersensitivity reactions and were not transferred by P K testing. One patient had a reaction that developed in 4 to 6 hr after injection and peaked by 12 hr. Histologically, this reaction was "Arthus" in type and was not transferred by P-K testing. Specific insulin antibody determinations were not helpful in distinguishing patients with different types of reactivity. These data show that recurrent local reactions to insulin may be of three distinct types: "late-phase reactions" (which are IgE dependent), "Arthus" local vasculitic reactions, or tuberculin-type delayed hypersensitivity reactions. These findings may influence the approach to management of these reactions. PMID- 7035527 TI - Child psychiatry perspectives: women, work, and children. PMID- 7035528 TI - Sodium regulation: Sensory aspects. AB - A first step in reducing salt intake is to understand sensory control of ingestion. Salt and taste, the methodology for studying taste in human beings, the development of response to salt by infants and children, and dietary sodium and salt preference are discussed. The author's conclusion is that at present it is not possible to answer the question of why people consume as much salt as they do. More research is needed. PMID- 7035529 TI - "White paper" on sleep and aging. PMID- 7035530 TI - Aging and alcohol abuse. AB - Demographic information suggests that the problems of alcohol abuse among the elderly will increase at least in proportion to the population growth of that sector. While fewer older people drink and average consumption declines, four factors that promote alcohol abuse are noted. These are: 1) retirement, with its attendant boredom, change of role status, and loss of income; 2) deaths occurring among relatives and friends and the awareness that more deaths are coming; 3) poor health and discomfort; and 4) loneliness, a particular problem among elderly women. Surveys in older age groups, in addition to being costly, are of questionable value. Anecdotal evidence and several early studies, however, suggest that a high proportion of elderly (10 to 15 per cent) who seek medical attention for any reason have an alcohol-related problem, and that elderly alcoholics, whether alcoholism is of early or recent onset, are relatively easy to treat. If these findings can be confirmed, then detection during health seeking encounters could have great potential value. Research in detection and treatment is critical. A prevention strategy involving the cohort 55 to 64 years of age could have the dual effect of preventing subsequent alcohol problems among these people and offering a message that would be heard by those at older and less accessible ages. PMID- 7035532 TI - Age-associated changes in the skin. AB - Like all organ systems, the skin manifests an age-associated loss of functional capacity and increasing vulnerability to injury and certain disease states. Knowledge of the aging changes in normal skin assists the physician in diagnosis and management of certain dermatoses. Awareness of the important interactions between aging skin and the environment could lead to prevention of many disorders. The burden of skin disease for the elderly is often underestimated. It is psychosocial as well as medical, and although mortality is low, morbidity is high. A rational and caring approach by the general practitioners, family physicians, internists, and geriatricians responsible for this patient population should greatly improve the situation. PMID- 7035531 TI - Osteoporosis. PMID- 7035533 TI - The image and reality of "old": time for a change. AB - The development of ageism in America is rich with the fears and beliefs of the ancients from prehistory, through biblical millennia into early European and American history. Myths and stereotypes of the invalid, sexless, senile, useless elder die slowly as the relatively well, competent, "graying," population becomes the reality. Studies provide the data that support the changing view of aging, not as disease, but another stage of life with its own challenges and satisfactions. Aging older persons can best be understood within a multidisciplinary perspective which examines the interaction with time of physical, social and psychological aspects of the total personal Societal barriers to continued participation of older Americans in the mainstream of life are beginning to weaken-there is reason for hope. PMID- 7035534 TI - Organization of a cadaver donor organ retrieval program in a metropolitan area. PMID- 7035535 TI - Health care for the child with a renal transplant. PMID- 7035536 TI - [Secondary dystrophies of corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane: histological and ultrastructural study (author's transl)]. AB - Secondary alterations in Descemet's membrance were noted in corneal specimens from 20 patients undergoing transfixing keratoplasty, after examination by optical, and in some cases, by transmission or scanning electron microscopy. The most frequent anomaly, thickening of Descemet's membrance, was observed in cases of prolonged or recurrent corneal affections, particularly interstitial keratitis, advanced forms of keratoconus, cicatricial leukomas, and keratoconus. Thickening was due to juxtaposition, with a normal Descemet's membrance, of repair tissue made up of collagen interspersed with zones of cell necrosis and isolated fibrils. These different layers could be interpreted as successive deposits of reparative endothelial cells, the ultrastructural appearance of each layer being characteristic of the type of cell from which it was derived. In this way, the history of each cornea can be reconstituted, from the original normal endothelial cell to the final endothelial repair cells, passing through all the intermediary types of fibroblastic cells. This relationship between the cells which manufacture descemetic tissue and the structure of Descemet's membrance is particularly evident in Groenouw's macular dystrophy type II in which mucopolysaccarides are deposited. Descemetic verrucosities were observed in interstitial keratitis, of syphilitic origin or not, in one case of keratoconus, one case of buphthalmia, two cases of corneal leukoma, one case of vitreocorneal contact from aphakia, and in cases of Groenouw's type II dystrophy. The lesions are either isolated or spread across the posterior surface of the cornea. They differ from the verrucosities of primary cornea guttata by their irregular disposition, their frequent coalescence, the persistence of an endothelial regenerative process, their ultrastructural characteristics close to those of Hassal-Henle's bodies, and more particularly by the association of a granular material with narrow and wide interval striated collagen. Various hypotheses are discussed which could provide an explanation why certain cells lay down Descemet's membrance in the form of tuberosities, and why these may present in alignments, but no satisfactory definite conclusion can be reached. PMID- 7035537 TI - [Emergency surgical treatment of injuries to the internal angle of the eyelids (author's transl)]. AB - Reconstruction of the normal internal angle after injury raises the problem of conservation of the lacrimal pathways and the fixation of this angle when the ligament has been sectioned. Emergency treatment for the main types of lesion encountered are discussed. Superficial and deep lacerations require careful suturing in three planes and reconstruction of the lacrimal pathways; evulsions and tears should be treated by blepharopexy after determining the conjugated points; evulsion of the internal angle is often associated with an orbitonasal dislocation and has to be treated by transnasal internal canthopexy. PMID- 7035538 TI - [Pseudo-lymphomas of the ocular adnexa: their relations to Sjogren's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Studies over the last fifteen years, of histological, immunological and hematological parameters has, led to the description of a non-malignant lymphoproliferation: a pseudo-lymphoma which is in the middle of the spectrum between glandular localisation of Sjogren's syndrome and frank neoplasia. This type of proliferation has been also observed in the conjunctiva, without antecedents of Sjogren syndrome. Histologically and immunologically, it is dysimmunitary process which has the potential to regress with appropriate immunosuppressive therapy, or to progress to malignant lymphoma. PMID- 7035539 TI - [Complications after keratoplasty for herpetic keratitis (author's transl)]. AB - Complications encountered in a group of 130 herpetic keratoplasties of different types and stages of the affection were studied. complications were of two types; either early and non-specific or late and more complex: rejection and recurrence of the herpetic disease. PMID- 7035540 TI - Palm-reading the invisible hand: a critical examination of pro-competitive reform proposals. PMID- 7035541 TI - Physician participation in Medicaid: background and issues. AB - Most Americans gain entry into the medical care system through office-based primary care physicians. The Medicaid program was created in 1965 in part to increase the access of low-income people to medical services in that mainstream. But, over the years, office-based physicians have reduced their treatment of Medicaid patients, and many have withdrawn from the program altogether. The result is not only that the original programmatic goal has not been fully achieved, but also that the costs of the program are higher than they would be otherwise. In this article, the importance of Medicaid participation by office based primary care physicians is described, and a number of obstacles to their participation are identified. The obstacles include state policies regarding eligibility, coverage, and provider compensation. The article recommends actions pertaining to these policies that might increase participation. PMID- 7035542 TI - Health planning reform: a proposal for the eighties. AB - Efficacious but expensive new technology has contributed to the rapid escalation of health care costs. The CT Scanner has become a symbol of the technological imperative. The health planning process at its best has experienced only limited success with this problem. This article highlights the findings of the author's study of regional planning for CT Scanner diffusion, and draws the implication that the existing system of planning and certificate-of-need regulation has been only marginally successful because of the absence of a proper incentive system. Under the reform proposal, an annual dollar limit would be placed on the capital expenditures that could be approved for future Medicare-Medicaid reimbursement. This limitation would create a set of incentives leading to close community scrutiny of capital expenditures, and would allow changes in the institutional structure of regional planning to create greater public accountability. PMID- 7035543 TI - The laxative effects of lactulose in normal and constipated subjects. AB - We compared lactulose syrup to a placebo (5% sucrose syrup) in 42 normal and 24 chronically constipated volunteers. The study in normal subjects was double-blind and had a crossover design of two dose levels, 30 and 60 ml/day, whereas the study in constipated subjects was a double-blind parallel study of 60 ml/day dose. Lactulose syrup produced clinically and statistically significant increases in the frequency, weight, volume, and water content of stools and produced stools of softer consistency compared to baseline values, as well as to a sucrose treated control group in both normal and constipated subjects. The study in normals suggests that the laxative effects are dose-related. Adverse effects reported were tolerable and were extensions of the pharmacologic effects of the drug. We concluded that lactulose is an effective laxative that affects the character of the colonic fecal content, thereby inducing evacuation of feces in people with constipation. PMID- 7035544 TI - Partial pancreatectomy for acute necrotizing pancreatitis. PMID- 7035545 TI - Diuresis in the ascitic patient: a randomized controlled trial of three regimens. AB - To compare the efficacy of three commonly used diuretic regimens in the treatment of ascites, we randomized 90 patients to three treatment groups: Sequential Spironolactone (spironolactone followed by furosemide if necessary), Combination (spironolactone and furosemide in combination), and Furosemide (furosemide given alone). Diuretics were begun at a low dose by mouth and the dosage increased until a 0.4-0.8 kg daily diuresis was achieved. The clinical and laboratory findings were comparable for the three experimental groups on admission to the study. All three regimens achieved a comparable rate of diuresis. To do so was far more difficult with furosemide alone, which required repetitious upward adjustments in dosage and massive KCl supplements. The incidence of encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, and marked electrolyte abnormalities was similar for the three treatment groups except that severe hyperkalemia was more frequent on combination therapy. We conclude that diuresis should be initiated with one of the two spironolactone regimens and not with furosemide as the sole agent. PMID- 7035546 TI - Guts and their motions (gastrointestinal motility in health and disease). AB - In the last decade, a much greater understanding of human upper intestinal motility has been obtained. The existence of a cyclical fasting pattern is now recognized, associated with intermittent secretion and propulsion of material through the stomach and small intestine. This pattern changes after the ingestion of food, the duration of the disruption depending upon both quality and quantity of nutrient ingested. The present clinical relevance of this phenomenon is twofold. 1) In normal fasting persons, the passage and absorption by the small intestine of food and drugs may be influenced by such periodic changes. 2) Motility abnormalities in disease states may account for associated gastrointestinal symptoms. While the number of disorders showing clinically relevant motor dysfunction is small, continuing study will undoubtedly bring others to light, and may even provide a rational basis for therapy. PMID- 7035547 TI - Dominant cataract mutations detected in offspring of gamma-irradiated male mice. AB - The technique of biomicroscopic eye examination followed by breeding tests provides a new method for detection of dominant mutations in mice. A total of 11 cataract mutations were found among 17,436 offspring of irradiated male mice. No cataract mutations were observed in 8,174 offspring from the control group. All mutations were phenotypically different. Of the 11 cataract mutations, 3 were semilethal in heterozygous condition, 7 were lethal in homozygous condition, and one presumed mutant was sterile. Seven mutations had complete penetrance whereas penetrance of three mutations was reduced. The rate of dominant mutations affecting an organ system in mice is of main importance for the quantification of the overall genetic damage due to dominant mutations in man. PMID- 7035548 TI - High level of genetic variability among commercially available "inbred" Mongolian gerbils. AB - Adult MON/Tum and Tum:(MON) gerbils were grafted with sibling ear skin of the same sex to assess the degree of homogeneity within strains. Similar percentages of the MON/Tum and Tum:(MON) strain grafts were rejected in less than 200 days (55.3 percent and 66.7 percent, respectively). This was a surprising finding since the breeder claims the Tum:(MON) strain is random bred and the MON/Tum strain is inbred and has been brother-sister mated for more than 20 consecutive generations. The median survival times of rejected grafts were similar for both strains. PMID- 7035549 TI - [Egas Moniz, Wilhelm Lohr and cerebral angiography. An expedition into the discovery of the cerebral vessels]. AB - 25 years ago the Portuguese neurologist Egas Moniz (1874-1955), the founder of the cerebral angiography and Nobel Prize laureate of the year 1949, died in Lisbon. Narrow 15 years before his German partner and competitor Wilhelm Lohr (1889-1941), surgeon in Mageburg, died. Lohr was the first physician, who applied and extended the carotis angiography in Germany, to begin together with the neurologist Walter Jacobi (1889-1937). For many important reasons and informations in cerebral angioarchitectonics it is indebted to the achievement of Moniz and Lohr. On this occasion a ramble set out through the history of discovery of the brain vessels. Beginning in the antiquity (Herophilos, Galen) via the considerable anatomists in the 16th and 17th century. (Berengario, Vesal, Wepfer, Willis, Sylvius and others) to the discoveries and the specifications in the late 19th and 20th century it is shown, that in the research of cerebral vessels a change of guidance is performed in the first half of our century, from the classic morphologists of the "anatomists" at the operating table and at the X ray screen, i.e. to the neurosurgeons, neurologists and radiologists. In this connection the present paper is not only an essay about the history of brain research but also a contribution to the history of neuroradio-diagnostics. Such excellent textbooks and atlases as Becher, Braus/Elze, Ferner/Kautzky, Krayenbuhl/Yasargil, Wolf-Heidegger and especially Ferner (1979) reflect the high level of evolution of the theoretical and applied neuroanatomy. PMID- 7035550 TI - Influence of multiple plating from fluid media on salmonella isolation from animal feeding stuffs. AB - The influence of multiple plating of fluid cultures on salmonella isolation from animal feeding stuffs was examined. Four plating were made from broth culture after 24 h at 37 degrees C and four platings from selenite enrichment from 24 h at 43 degrees C. Selenite enrichment followed broth culture which was used as a pre-enrichment stage. Brilliant green MacConkey agar plates were employed for broth subculture and brilliant green MacConkey and desoxycholate citrate agars for selenite subculture. The eight brilliant green plates subcultured from broth and selenite were examined for salmonellas after incubation for 24 h at 37 degrees C. The four desoxycholate citrate agars after 24 h at 37 degrees C were used for motility enrichment. The food sample size was a single 100 g instead of 4 x 25 g cultured in an earlier study. This pooling of samples aimed at technical economy. Quadruple plating played an important part in salmonella isolation from 100 g specimens. The combination of multiple plating with motility enrichment was the most successful technique used. PMID- 7035551 TI - The enterotoxigenicity of strains of Escherichia coli isolated from the faeces of healthy people and cattle. AB - In this study 197 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from cowpats and the faeces of healthy humans were examined for the presence of enterotoxins. Six strains representing five different serotypes were found to be enterotoxigenic. Four of these strains produced the heat labile enterotoxin and two, the Vero cell cytotoxin. PMID- 7035552 TI - The sanitary condition of rural drinking water in a Nile Delta village. II. Bacterial contamination of drinking water in a Nile Delta village. PMID- 7035553 TI - Preferential induction of autoantibody secretion in polyclonal activation by peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide. I. In vitro studies. AB - Peptidoglycan (PG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are bacterial cell wall components that are B cell mitogens and activators of polyclonal antibodies. Using the hemolytic plaque assay and its modifications with protein A-, IgG-, or DNA-coated erythrocytes, we determined the proportions of cells that secrete antibodies specific to various autologous and heterologous antigens in PG- and LPS-stimulated cultures of mouse splenic lymphocytes. Of all PG- and LPS activated IgM-secreting cells, 47 to 75% produced antibodies specific to mouse IgG; 2.7 to 21% produced IgM antibodies that reacted with bovine IgG; 4.4 to 17%, with single-stranded (ss) DNA; 0.18 to 5.9% with double-stranded (ds) DNA; 0.16 top 3.3%, with bromelin-treated mouse red cells; 0.006 to 0.02%, with intact mouse red cells; and 0.35 to 1.9%, with sheep red cells. A similar distribution of cells secreting these antibodies was observed in unstimulated cultures. However, the absolute numbers of cells secreting these antibodies were substantially higher in the PG- and LPS-stimulated cultures. Similar results were obtained in BALB/c, CBA/H, and C57BL/6 mice. Since these strains of mice have different H-2 types, there was no association of a single H-2 type with the ability to form hgh numbers of autoantibody-secreting cells in vitro. The production of autoantibodies closely resembled polyclonal activation of all immunoglobulin-secreting cells in terms of the kinetics and dose-response. It did not involve any substantial specific anti-PG or anti-LPS response. Further studies on the specificities of polyclonally induced antibodies confirmed the specificity of anti-mouse IgG and anti-ssDNA antibodies. However, the formation of plaques with bovine IgG- or dsDNA-sensitized red cells was due to the cross reacting anti-mouse IgG or anti-ssDNA antibodies, respectively. These results do not support the popular hypothesis of an equal polyclonal activation of lymphocytes secreting antibodies of all different specificities. Also, if preferential activation of cells secreting rheumatoid factor and anti-ssDNA antibodies occurs in vivo, it may have important pathologic consequences. PMID- 7035554 TI - Preferential induction of autoantibody secretion in polyclonal activation by peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide. II. In vivo studies. PMID- 7035555 TI - Modulation of granulomatous hypersensitivity. IV. Immunoglobulin and antibody production by vigorous and immunomodulated liver granulomas of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. AB - The interlesional production of immunoglobulins and SEA-specific antibodies was examined in vitro in cultured hepatic granulomas isolated from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. Vigorous lesions of 8-wk and immunomodulated lesions of 20 wk infected mice were cultured in serum-free medium for 48 hr; the supernatant fluid was concentrated, dialyzed, and tested for immunoglobulins by immunodiffusion. Whereas cultures of vigorous granulomas contained only IgG1, those of immunomodulated lesions yielded IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, and IgA immunoglobulins. Both types of lesions incorporated 14C-labeled leucine into IgM and IgG class immunoglobulins thus proving intralesional synthesis. The immunoglobulins also had specific anti-SEA activity proven by passive hemagglutination and in vivo PCA test. The kinetics of SEA-specific IgM and IgG antibody-forming granuloma lymphocytes was examined by the plaque assay after the dispersal of the lesions. At 8 wk of the infection the number of IgM antibody producing lymphocytes was low and that of IgG was negligible. In subsequent weeks both IgM and IgG antibody-forming cells increased in numbers. The IgM producer cells peaked at 12 to 16 wk and by 32 wk they dropped to barely detectable levels. The IgG antibody-producing lymphocytes peaked in numbers in the immunomodulated lesions at 20 wk and also disappeared by 32 wk. The kinetics of the granuloma lymphocytes as well as the magnitude of their response differed from those of splenic cells. Intralesional antibody production may promote antigen sequestration, complex formation, and occasional tissue injury. The participation of locally produced antibodies in the modulation of the granulomatous inflammatory response remains to be established. PMID- 7035556 TI - Modulation of the immune response to lipopolysaccharide. AB - Mice given a single optimally immunogenic dose (20 micrograms) of bacterial LPS make an antibody response that is characterized by cyclic (oscillatory) patterns. This kinetic pattern is dose as well as mouse strain dependent. LPS can induce a secondary response in BALB/c mice that is also cyclic, although it differs in amplitude as well as periodicity from a primary response. To rule out the involvement of B cell mitogenic activity of LPS in the expression of such cyclic patterns, the responses produced by both C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice to a single injection of LPS were compared; the latter do not give B cell proliferative responses to LPS and also have been reported to give low LPS-specific responses in vivo. Both strains gave an oscillatory kinetic pattern. By contrast, BALB/c nu/nu mice given an optimal immunogenic dose of LPS (2 micrograms) do not present a cyclic immune response. This indicates that mature T cells are required for the generation of an oscillatory anti-LPS response. PMID- 7035557 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis: antibody specificities and antigen characterization. AB - Nineteen independent hybrid cell lines that produce monoclonal antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis surface antigens were prepared by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells with lymphocytes of mice that were immunized with C. trachomatis immunotypes B, C, and L2. Seven serologically distinct reaction patterns were detected by microimmunofluorescence (micro-IF) of elementary body (EB) preparations when culture fluids were tested against a panel of 18 chlamydial serotyping reference strains. These reaction patterns demonstrated genus-, species-, subspecies-, and type-specific distributions. Additionally, these antibodies were tested in parallel against reticulate body (RB) preparations of several chlamydial strains. Monoclonal antibodies that reacted with genus specific antigens reacted preferentially with RB, whereas antibodies that reacted to species-, subspecies-, or type-specific antigens reacted equivalently to both RB and EB. Physiochemical characterization of antigens recognized by the different monoclonal antibodies was assessed by heat treatment, pronase digestion, periodate oxidation, and immuno-blot techniques. The genus-specific antigen was a heat-stable, pronase-resistant, and relatively periodate-sensitive component of less than 10,000 m.w. The species-, subspecies-, and type-specific antigens were heat stable, pronase sensitive, and periodate resistant. The antibodies that detected species- and subspecies-specific antigens predominantly reacted in immuno-blots with the 40,000 m.w. major outer membrane protein. These monoclonal antibodies now provide a new approach for the precise serologic classification and detection of different C. trachomatis strains. PMID- 7035558 TI - The area of attachment of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to their target cells shows high motility and polarization of actin, but not myosin. AB - Conjugates of cytotoxic T lymphocytes attached to their target cells were studied by double immunofluorescence on fixed smears to detect simultaneously the localization of actin and myosin within the cells. Actin was found to be polarized in the area of attachment of the lymphocytes (but not of the target cells), whereas myosin remained evenly distributed in the cytoplasm. When living conjugates were brought to 37 degrees C to induce cytotoxicity, this pattern remained unchanged, but observation by interference reflexion microcinematography revealed a high motility of the lymphocytes in the contact area. This localized motility in the area of attachment associated with a peculiar actin polarization, which has no equivalent in any type of cell contact presently known, could represent a necessary step in the sequence of events leading to target cell killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 7035559 TI - Inhibition of marker influx into complement-treated resealed erythrocyte ghosts by anti-C5. PMID- 7035560 TI - A new complement-dependent bactericidal factor found in nonimmune mouse sera: specific binding to polysaccharide of Ra chemotype Salmonella. AB - It has been shown that nonimmune mouse sera contain a complement-dependent bactericidal factor that reacts specifically with Ra chemotype Salmonella. In this study we investigate a specific determinant to which this factor binds. This factor bound to Ra chemotype lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but not to S or Re chemotype LPS. The binding was markedly inhibited by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), which was the nonreducing terminal of the Ra polysaccharide chain and by certain monosaccharides structurally relating to L-glycero-D-mannoheptose, a terminal component of a side branch of Ra polysaccharide. The factor bound to the Ra bacteria could be eluted with a medium containing GlcNAc. These results indicate that the specific determinant is the polysaccharide region of LPS characteristic of Ra chemotype Salmonella. Ca2+ but not Mg2+ was required for the specific binding of the factor to cells of Ra bacteria. A molecule composed of a polypeptide of 28,000 m.w. was found in the active fraction obtained by the monosaccharide elution. However, no polypeptides corresponding to light and heavy chains of mouse immunoglobins were detected from the active fraction. PMID- 7035561 TI - Cross-reactivity with Escherichia coli K100 in the human serum anticapsular antibody response to Haemophilus influenzae type B. AB - Escherichia coli K100 is known to induce antibodies cross-reactive with the capsular polysaccharide (CP) of Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib); the cross immunogenicity is found consistently in a number of mammalian species including man. We have studied the reciprocal cross-immunogenicity of Hib or its purified CP in man. Of 25 adults and 13 children responding to systemic immunization with Hib CP, only four and four, respectively, made K100 CP cross-reactive antibody, determined by radioantigen-binding inhibition. The detection of preimmunization cross-reactive antibody was not statistically predictive of induction of postimmunization cross-reactive antibody. Cross-reactive antibody was detected in only one of 11 children making an anticapsular response to Hib systemic infection and two of four children responding to asymptomatic nasopharyngeal colonization. In contrast, cross-reactivity was detected in the naturally occurring anti-Hib-CP antibody of 27 of 42 children. Thus, humans responding to Hib or its CP often do not make antibody to the K100-cross-reactive determinant(s), implying that the cross-reactive natural antibodies frequently seen in children must have a stimulus other than Hib. PMID- 7035562 TI - Capsular sialic acid prevents activation of the alternative complement pathway by type III, group B streptococci. PMID- 7035563 TI - The major histocompatibility complex requirement for cellular collaboration in the murine lymphoid procoagulant response stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 7035564 TI - Phorbol ester-induced differentiation of a non-T, non-B leukemic cell line: model for human lymphoid progenitor cell development. AB - The phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was tested for its ability to induce phenotypic changes in the human non-T,. non-B ALL cell line REH. Cells were cultured with nanogram concentrations of TPA for up to 48 hr, and were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence with a panel of monoclonal antibodies and an antibody to the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). TPA induced REH cells to express the leukemia-associated antigen, p24 (detected with monoclonal antibody BA-2; p24/BA-2) by 8 hr of culture, with induction complete by 24 hr. TPA-treated cells also underwent a concomitant decrease in the expression of TdT when analyzed enzymatically or by immunofluorescence. Analysis of TPA-treated cells with monoclonal antibodies BA-1 (detecting a B cell-associated antigen), 7.2 (detecting a monomorphic HLA-DR antigen), or OKT11 (detecting a structure closely associated with the E receptor) showed no change compared to controls. In addition there was no detectable cytoplasmic immunoglobulin in control or TPA-treated cells. These results show clearly that TPA is capable of inducing phenotypic changes in REH cells. Such changes may reflect the differentiation-linked expression of antigens present in normal bone marrow lymphoid progenitor cells. PMID- 7035565 TI - Antibody-induced release of cellular proteinases: loss of adhesion of human melanoma cells after binding of anti-melanoma antibody. AB - Incubation of monolayer cultures of human melanoma cells with monkey anti-human melanoma IgG resulted in loss of cellular adhesion. Release of melanoma cells from the culture dish was not the result of cytotoxicity. Antibody-induced cell detachment was partially inhibited by the addition of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), and detachment was completely inhibited by the addition of lima bean trypsin inhibitor. Thiol and carboxyl proteinase inhibitors did not block antibody-induced cellular detachment. An IgG dose-dependent increase in DFP inhibitable caseinolytic activity was demonstrated in the culture medium of melanoma cells incubated with anti-melanoma IgG, but not in those incubated with normal monkey IgG. Medium collected from antibody-treated cell cultures and incubated with protein A-Sepharose to remove IgG caused detachment of melanoma cells in fresh cultures. Preincubation of this conditioned medium from antibody treated cell cultures with DFP abolished the medium's ability to mediate loss of cellular adhesion. These data suggest that incubation of melanoma cells with immune IgG results in release of a serine proteinase that mediates cellular detachment. PMID- 7035566 TI - HLA-DR antigen grouping by use of monoclonal antibody probes: expansion of known groups, and mechanism of cytotoxicity blocking. PMID- 7035567 TI - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens on viable cells. AB - A rapid and inexpensive ELISA method is described which is suitable for the large scale screening of monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens. The use of acrylic plates and viable cells eliminates background and false positive reactions, and avoids modification of surface antigens caused by fixation. This facilitates easy and rapid detection of positives by visual inspection of the plates. The specificity and sensitivity of the methods is comparable to indirect immunofluorescence or radioimmunoassay. The advantages of this ELISA system when compared to these methods and to previously described ELISA systems utilizing fixed cells are discussed. PMID- 7035568 TI - An enzymatic method for preparation of dissociated murine Peyer's patch cells enriched for macrophages. AB - Enzyme (Dispase) dissociation of murine Peyer's patches (PP) 3 yields a cell population rich in T and B lymphocytes and containing 5-9% macrophages (MO) as defined by morphology and esterase staining. Cell yields by this method are 3-4 times greater than with conventional mechanical methods and viability of cells always exceeds 95%. The virtual absence of IgA plasma cells (less than 1%) indicates lack of contamination of the cell preparations with intestinal mucosal cells. Enzymatically dissociated PP cells proliferate in response to both T and B cell mitogens. Differences in patterns of mitogen responsiveness of sequentially obtained PP cell fractions are observed suggesting considerable functional heterogeneity of PP cells. Patterns of IgM and IgA synthesis by PP cells in response to the B cell polyclonal activator LPS differ considerably from spleen cells. The development of methodology for preparation of PP cells containing functionally intact T and B cells and enriched for MO should permit analysis of the cellular basis for functional specialization of PP. PMID- 7035569 TI - Magnetic solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the detection of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. AB - A new enzyme immunoassay has been developed for the demonstration of antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies. Magnetically responsive polyacrylamide-agarose beads (Magnogel) activated with glutaraldehyde were used to bind sonicated insoluble rat glomerular basement membranes. Both the collagenous and the non-collagenous moieties were demonstrated to be fixed on the beads. Sera from brown Norway rats with anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies induced by HgCl2 injections were incubated with the beads. After washing, the fixed rat IgG were revealed using alkaline phosphatase labelled Fab fragments from anti-rat IgG sheep, IgGs. Comparison with a radioimmunoassay showed that results were reliable. This enzyme immunoassay has several advantages which may render this assay of considerable clinical usefulness. PMID- 7035570 TI - The Trypanosoma lewisi immunofluorescence test: a new simple technique for simultaneous determination of total antinuclear antibodies and the detection of antibodies to double-stranded DNA. AB - An indirect immunofluorescence technique was developed for the detection of antibodies to dsDNA and the simultaneous assessment of antinuclear antibodies 'in toto' (ANA). This assay was based upon the use as substrate of smears of peripheral blood derived from rats infected with Trypanosoma lewisi. T. lewisi possesses a giant kinetoplast posteriorly to the nucleus. Enzyme digestion and absorption experiments provided strong evidence that T. lewisi kinetoplast contains dsDNA uncontaminated by other nuclear antigens. The T. lewisi immunofluorescent test was evaluated on a total of 130 sera (30 from patients with SLE) and compared with radioimmunoassays for antibodies to dsDNA ([125I]dsDNA-RIA) and antibodies to ssDNA ([125I]ssDNA-RIA). Excellent correlation was found between kinetoplast immunofluorescence and [125I]dsDNA-RIA, whereas no non-SLE sera showing significant ssDNA binding activity gave kinetoplast staining. With a single exception, only SLE sera reacted with T.lewisi kinetoplast. Sera containing autoantibodies other than ANA did not induce fluorescence of any part of the parasite, including the flagellum and its base. These results indicate that the T. lewisi immunofluorescence test is specific and reliable, and combines the advantages of Crithidia luciliae with those of Trypanosoma gambiense. It may be used routinely for evaluation of total ANA and simultaneous detection of antibodies against dsDNA. PMID- 7035571 TI - Antibody-independent binding of Clq and activation of serum complement by human skin in vitro. AB - By exposing frozen sections of human skin to fresh normal human serum, binding and activation of complement was observed. Attached complement components Clq, C4, and C3 were detected by immunofluorescence microscopy using anticomplement conjugates. Isolated Clq bound to the same structures as serum Clq, C4, and C3 and binding of C4 and C3 was dependent on binding of Clq. The complement components bound to capillary endothelial cells and to fibrillar structures in the dermis and reacted with the epidermis. Complement binding dermal fibrillar structures in adult skin were scant but abundant in fetal skin. They had similar distribution as "microfibrils" demonstrable by human autoantibodies. Antibody independence of the Clq binding was shown using isolated Clq and by the observed constant and reproducible binding of complement of normal sera lacking antibodies to the described target structures. The observations suggest that antibody independent binding of complement should be considered as a possible mechanism leading to dermal complement deposition in vivo. PMID- 7035572 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors of normal human epidermis. AB - Epidermal cytosol of adult humans can bind dexamethasone, and this binding resembles that by glucocorticoid receptors of other tissues as judged by 4 criteria: affinity of binding, specificity of binding, molecular size of receptor steroid complexes, and ability of these complexes to bind to nuclei. For demonstration of these receptors, epidermis can be separated by trypsinization but only after preliminary incubation of the skin with molybdate ion, which prevents inactivation of receptors when heated to 22 degree C. The presence of these receptors suggest that glucocorticoids may act directly on the epidermis. Five glucocorticoids that are used topically all displaced 3H-dexamethasone from the receptor in vitro but the affinity of this binding correlates imperfectly with the potency of the steroids when used in vivo. PMID- 7035573 TI - The relationship between T lymphocyte subsets and Ia-like antigen positive nonlymphoid cells in early stages of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. AB - Immunofluorescence studies were carried out in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) in order to analyse the microanatomical relationship of the different T lymphocyte subsets (inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic cell populations) to large nonlymphoid Langerhans-type and so-called "indeterminate" or interdigitating cells. The conventional and mouse (monoclonal) antibodies were used in various combinations using fluorescein and rhodamine labeled second layers. In 5 of the 7 cases studied the dermal infiltrate consisted of numerous T (HuTLA+) lymphocytes, 80-90% of which expressed the inducer phenotype (HuTLA+,OKT4+). Most of these cells formed close contact with large cells exhibiting large amounts of Ia-like antigens. These cells corresponded to the interdigitating and indeterminate cells in the sections. By contrast, only small numbers (10-20%) of T cells of suppressor/cytotoxic type (HuTLA+,OKT8+) were seen. These did not show a close affinity to the Ia-like antigen positive nonlymphoid component but appeared to have a predilection for the epidermis. Epidermal Langerhans cells, also strongly Ia-like antigen positive, were further defined by 2 monoclonal antibodies reacting with a cortical thymocyte antigen HTA-1. Although Langerhans cells are probably related to the Ia-like antigen positive dermal cells only a few of the abundant latter population were HTA-1+. In the remaining 2 cases, larger populations of OKT8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) cells were seen and could be heralding a particularly benign course. These observations indicate a close functional relationship between the lymphoid and Ia-like antigen positive dermal cells during the pre-malignant phase of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. PMID- 7035574 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic identification of Langerhans cells using a new antigenic marker. AB - The specificity of a monoclonal antibody (OKT6) for epidermal Langerhans cells was examined by immunoelectron microscopy. Peroxidase-labeled OKT6 bound to 1-5% of suspended human epidermal cells, as determined by light microscopy. Electron microscopic examination of peroxidase-labeled cells revealed that all Birbeck granule-containing Langerhans cells bound OKT6. In addition, a small population of indeterminate cells, lacking the Birbeck granule, was also labeled with OKT6. The ultrastructural studies confirm the specificity of OKT6 for Langerhans cells and suggest that the indeterminate cell represents a related cell population. PMID- 7035575 TI - Bullous pemphigoid, an ultrastructural study of the inflammatory response: eosinophil, basophil and mast cell granule changes in multiple biopsies from one patient. AB - We have studied by electron and light microscopy the inflammatory reaction in lesions at various stages of clinical development from a patient with bullous pemphigoid. The evolution of clinical lesions was associated with a sequence of histopathologic events which began with alterations of mast cells and proceeded to infiltration, first with lymphocytes and later with eosinophils and basophils. Mast cells in the papillary and reticular dermis demonstrated a unique, focal, irregular loss of granule contents. Intact eosinophils demonstrated intracytoplasmic losses of granule contents and karyorrhectic and karyolytic eosinophils had released membranebound granules. Partially and completely degranulated basophils were present within a fibrin gel which formed in the dermis. Thus, the sequence of histopathologic events in the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid includes mast cell granule alterations and release of granule contents from eosinophils which are undergoing nuclear and cytoplasmic damage. PMID- 7035576 TI - Ultrastructure of human cutaneous candidosis. AB - Human skin biopsies were taken from patients with candidosis of the groin, axillary and submammary areas. The majority of the fungal cells were situated inside epithelial cells. The fungi invaded the entire stratum corneum. They were often found in parakeratotic epithelial cells. They could not be detected in noncornified cells of the malpighian layer. Mycelial forms predominated by far. They apparently invade the epidermis actively. Blastospores were found less often and they mostly were situated between or in superficial cells of the horny layer. Pseudomycelia and germ tubes were rarely observed. Remarkable was the frequent finding of lomasomas in Candida albicans cells in vivo, whereas these structures were rarely demonstrable in vitro. They probably represent structures that occur in damaged fungal cells as a result of defense mechanisms of the host. The fungal elements inside the epithelial cells were often surrounded by electron transparent areas. These areas possibly resulted from keratolytic activities of the fungus. Characteristic manifestations of candidosis of the human skin were parakeratosis, spongiosis, and intracorneal and subcorneal micro-abscesses. However, fungal elements failed to occur in the center of these abscesses, possibly because the process of phagocytosis, killing, and lysis of the fungi had been completed. PMID- 7035577 TI - Reinnervation of hair follicle end organs and Meissner Corpuscles in skin grafts of Macaques. AB - Plugs of occipital hairy scalp and pieces of digital pads were transplanted to the frontal scalp of stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides). Both types of grafts grew well and retained their original appearance for several years. We traced the regrowth and reinnervation of hair follicles and Meissner corpuscles in sequential biopsy specimens of these grafts. Two weeks after transplantation, hair follicles in the grafts appeared to have lost all integrity but began to regrow after 4 weeks. The nerve and organs of hair follicles began to reappear at 8 weeks. Thereafter, grafts with large terminal hairs remained viable in the host bald frontal scalp for as long as 8 yr. In the digital skin grafts, the cytoskeleton of the Meissner corpuscles could be distinguished after 4 weeks; after 8 weeks nerves from the host tissue could be traced to the end organs. Perivascular nerve plexuses and nerves to the piloerector muscles were clearly seen in both types of graft after 8 weeks. PMID- 7035578 TI - A polysaccharide-protein complex from Haemophilus influenzae type b. III. Vaccine trial in human adults. AB - Polysaccharide-protein complex prepared from Haemophilus influenzae type b strain Eagan was evaluated for toxicity and immunogenicity in adult volunteers given intramuscular injection. Most subjects had moderate local inflammation that was maximal the day after vaccination. No lot of vaccine significantly exceeded a saline placebo in production of systemic symptoms. Neither the local nor the systemic reactions of individual subjects appeared to be related to prevaccination serum antibody titers. Serum antibody responses to the capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitolphosphate [PRP]) component were detected in approximately 80% of the subjects. The PRP content of the vaccine antigens varied, and the rate and extent of responses were as expected for an equivalent dose of purified PRP vaccine. Antibody responses were not enhanced by aluminum phosphate. There was no booster response to a second injection given after six months. Responses to the residual lipopolysaccharide component occurred in 80% of the subjects, primarily in the IgG class. Responses to the nonlipopolysaccharide somatic components were detected less frequently. PMID- 7035579 TI - Resistance of virulent and attenuated strains of Candida albicans to intracellular killing by human and mouse phagocytes. AB - Blastospores of two strains (no. 19321 and no. 19273) of Candida albicans that were obtained from patients with vaginal thrush and were virulent for mice showed no significant difference in degree of resistance to phagocytosis by human and mouse phagocytes (mostly polymorphonuclear) compared with blastospores of two strains (no. 22114 and no. 21462) that were isolated from patients with transient candidemia and were attenuated for mice. In contrast, more blastospores of the virulent strains survived intracellularly than did those of the attenuated strains over a 2-hr period, after which the surviving blastospores began to form germ tubes. Heterogeneity in the populations of blastospores was suggested, because progeny from surviving blastospores of attenuated strain no. 22114 behaved similarly to virulent strains in tests with human and mouse phagocytes and in virulence tests in mice. PMID- 7035580 TI - Production of germ tubes by virulent and attenuated strains of Candida albicans. AB - Two strains (no. 19321 and no. 19273) of Candida albicans that were obtained from patients with vaginal thrush and were virulent for mice formed germ tubes after incubation in fresh mouse serum and mouse kidney extract more rapidly and to a greater extent than did two strains (no. 22114 and no. 21462) that were isolated from patients with transient candidemia and were attenuated for mice. After incubation in fresh human serum, the strain differences in germination were not as marked although the pattern was similar. Synchronous cultures of strains no. 19321 and no. 22114 showed differences similar to those shown by asynchronous cultures in the mouse and human sera and in the mouse kidney extract. The viability of the strains was maintained in all three types of media; thus, nonspecific humoral defense mechanisms had little effect on the attenuated strain. PMID- 7035581 TI - From the Vermont State Health Department. Salmonella enteritidis serotype derby and consumption of raw milk. PMID- 7035582 TI - [Important relationship between abutment construction and periodontal tissue]. PMID- 7035583 TI - [Tissue treatment for denture bases]. PMID- 7035584 TI - [Protective effect of L-cysteine on the leukopenic syndrome due to radiotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035585 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 7035586 TI - [A case of glucocorticoid responsive aldosteronism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035587 TI - Genetic engineering of mammalian cells: its potential application to genetic diseases of man. PMID- 7035588 TI - Very low levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in human plasma. AB - Two stable derivatives of PGI2, its nonenzymatic hydrolysis product (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and an enzymatic metabolite (6, 15-diketo-PGF1 alpha), were determined in human plasma and urine. These compounds were measured by RIA after separation on rp-HPLC. Previous purification of the samples on rp-HPLC markedly enhanced the specificity of the RIA determinations of those compounds in plasma and urine. The PGI2 derivative 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was detected in both plasma (4.7 +/- 3.2 pg/ml, mean +/- S.D., n=34) and urine (166 +/- 61 pg/ml, n=9). No gender differences of the plasma or urinary levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were found. The PGI2 metabolite 6,15-diketo-PGF1 alpha was not measurable in plasma or urine (less than 1 and less than 10 pg/ml, respectively, n=4). Thus this compound may not be a major endogenous metabolite of PGI2 in man. When [3H]PGI2 was added to citrated blood immediately after venipuncture, it was recovered entirely as [3H]6-keto-PGF1 alpha after rp-HPLC. Therefore any circulating PGI2 would be measured as 6-keto PGF1 alpha by our method. The results obtained suggest that PGI2 could be present in human venous blood under physiological conditions, but only in very low concentrations. (J Lab Clin Med 99:388, 1982.) PMID- 7035589 TI - Carl Cooper Jr., M.D., Chairman, State Legislative Activities Committee. PMID- 7035590 TI - A surgeon's system for filing medical literature. PMID- 7035591 TI - Torps and porps: a transmission and scanning electron microscopic study. AB - TEM and SEM were used to evaluate the fate of eleven Plasti-pore prostheses left in the human middle ear for periods varying from seven to 34 months. It was evident that Plasti-pore is a relatively inert material based on its clinical performance, absence of gross fibrous tissue reaction from the middle ear, and the unchanged physical characteristics of the prosthesis. Micro-disintegration of the TORPs and PORPs was suggested by the consistent foreign body reaction invading their structure, and the presence of particulate-like matter inside the giant cells. However, micro-disintegration did not affect the physical characteristics of the prosthesis and seem to have little bearing on their clinical performance. The question of the long-term performance of Plasti-pore remains to be answered. PMID- 7035592 TI - Repair of large pharyngeal defects--new applications of split thickness skin graft. AB - Stomach and pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps have both been effective in providing hypopharyngeal lining and muscle bulk to close large oropharyngeal fistulae. Their robust musculature has also proven an ideal bed for the application of a split-thickness skin graft, when dealing with the replacement of major anterior neck skin defects. In addition, the pectoralis myocutaneous flap, when half tubed, is an excellent method of reconstructing resected tongue base, markedly improving the function of tongue remnant. PMID- 7035593 TI - Cognitive styles and learning disabilities. PMID- 7035594 TI - Decapeptide luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in ovine pineal gland. AB - Ovine pineal gland extracts were examined throughout the year for content and molecular form of immunoreactive (IMR) LH releasing hormone (LH-RH). The content of IMR LH-RH in pineal glands collected in spring and summer was 160-2230 pg/gland, while the content in pineal glands collected in autumn and winter was lower (31-39 pg/gland). Pineal gland IMR LH-RH, purified by affinity and Sephadex G-25 chromatography, yielded displacement curves parallel to those of hypothalamic IMR LH-RH and synthetic LH-RH in radioimmunoassays employing four antisera which require different regions of the decapeptide for effective binding, suggesting considerable similarities in the structure of the molecule. The majority of pineal gland IMR LH-RH behaved identically to hypothalamic IMR LH RH and synthetic LH-RH on gel filtration, cation exchange chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography and cellulose thin-layer chromatography. However, a small amount of a less positively charged LH-RH species was also present in all pineal gland extracts. Our findings indicate that hypothalamic decapeptide LH-RH occurs in the ovine pineal gland. PMID- 7035595 TI - Pituitary sensitivity to gonadotrophin releasing hormone after hyperprolactinaemia induced with neuroleptics and domperidone in the rat. AB - The effect of hyperprolactinaemia induced by dopamine-antagonist drugs on pituitary responsiveness to gonadotrophin releasing hormone (Gn-RH) and on plasma LH levels has been investigated in intact and ovariectomized rats. The animals were pretreated with haloperidol, pimozide or domperidone and the sensitivity of isolated pituitary glands to pulses of Gn-RH were tested using a perifusion system. Trunk blood, collected at the time of killing, was assayed for plasma LH and prolactin. In addition, a direct effect of the drugs on pituitary responsiveness to Gn-RH was investigated by perfusing pituitary glands taken from untreated, pro-oestrous rats in medium containing the dopamine antagonists. The pituitary responsiveness was significantly impaired in intact rats after treatment with each of the drugs whereas no effect was observed in pretreated ovariectomized rats. None of the drug treatments altered levels of circulating LH. High concentrations of the drugs present in the perifusion medium also inhibited pituitary responsiveness although it is not known whether the concentrations of the drugs present in the pretreated animals would exert a similar effect. The results suggest that short-term hyperprolactinaemia impairs pituitary responsiveness through a modulation of ovarian steroid secretion and that Gn-RH release is not altered. Treatment with domperidone exhibited similar effects on the parameters measured here to those caused by the two neuroleptics, indicating that this novel anti-dopaminergic drug is acting in a similar manner. PMID- 7035596 TI - Rise in plasma concentration of aldosterone during long-term angiotensin II suppression. AB - The plasma concentration of aldosterone was followed in seven hypertensive patients before and during long-term angiotensin II suppression with the orally active angiotensin-I-converting-enzyme inhibitor, captopril. The plasma concentration of aldosterone decreased initially from 74 to 21 pg/ml (P less than 0.05) after 1 month of administration of captopril. Thereafter the plasma concentration of aldosterone began to rise and after 1 year reached a level of 165 pg/ml. During long-term captopril therapy the plasma renin activity remained increased and the plasma angiotensin II concentration suppressed. The mechanism responsible for the late rise of the plasma concentration of aldosterone during long-term angiotensin II suppression with captopril remains to be elucidated. A sizeable and lasting hypotensive effect was observed in all patients. PMID- 7035597 TI - Insulin release from the perfused rat pancreas, stimulated by perifusates of the pituitary neurointermediate lobes of genetically obese and lean mice. AB - The perfused rat pancreas has been used to study the dynamics of insulin release during stimulation with a perifusate of the pituitary neurointermediate lobe (NIP) of genetically obese mice (ob/ob) and their lean litter-mates (+/+). It has been shown that the NIP of ob/ob mice is more active. The remainder of the study was carried out with NIP from ob/ob mice. The results showed that both phases of insulin release stimulated by 16.6 mM-glucose were increased by NIP. When the pancrease was first stimulated with NIP in the presence of 5.5 mM-glucose, followed by a high concentration of glucose, it responded to the latter with a normal biphasic response. If, however, the pancreas was stimulated first with glucose the response to NIP was refractory. The results are discussed in relation to the possible significance of an insulin secretagogue from the pituitary pars intermedia in the hyperinsulinaemia associated with obesity. PMID- 7035598 TI - Randomised trial of high doses of stilboestrol and ethisterone therapy in pregnancy: long-term follow-up of the children. AB - The 27-year follow-up is reported of 136 children whose mothers were involved in a randomised trial of high doses of stilboestrol and ethisterone therapy during pregnancy. The children were not contacted directly. Information about them was obtained from hospitals, general practitioners, and other official sources; and the persons who responded to our inquiries were unaware of who had been exposed to hormones in utero and whose mothers had received an inactive tablet. All children were traced. Urogenital anomalies were reported more frequently in the hormone-exposed than the unexposed children (14% and 9% respectively). The earlier in pregnancy the therapy began, the higher the prevalence rate of abnormalities (X2 for trend, p less than 0.02). No malignant tumours were reported. For males, the proportion reported to be married or living as married was lower in the exposed than in the unexposed group (32% and 62% respectively). The proportion was lower the earlier in pregnancy hormonal exposure occurred and the higher the total hormone dose to which they were exposed (X2 for trend, p less than 0.02). These findings suggest that some interference with sexual function may not be uncommon in males exposed to high doses of stilboestrol and ethisterone while in utero. PMID- 7035599 TI - Serial depletion and regeneration of the murine hematopoietic system. Implications for hematopoietic organization and the study of cellular aging. AB - The mouse hematopoietic system was subjected to repeated depletion and regeneration either by serial transfer of bone marrow cells through lethally irradiated recipients or by repeated treatment with the cycle-active drug hydroxyurea (HU). The capacity of surviving stem cells to proliferate and self renew was assayed at intervals by two methods: (a) the spleen colony method; and (b) competitive repopulation of irradiated recipients using chromosome markers, with normal bone marrow cells as an internal control. The progressive decline in stem cell function that occurred during serial transfer of bone marrow and that had already begun after a single transfer was not seen during HU treatment; up to 25 pairs of HU injections given over more than 1 yr had no discernible effect on the number of stem cells present 3 wk after the final injection or on their capacity to self-renew. Within 2 d after exposure to HU, the average self-renewal capacity of surviving stem cells was enhanced. This implies that the drug selectively eliminates poorly self-renewing stem cells and hence that these enter cycle more readily than stem cells with a high self-replicative potential. However, the fact of being in cycle at the time of injection did not of itself affect self-renewal. The results show that serial transfer of bone marrow is not a valid method for studying clonal aging phenomena because it does not fulfill the assumptions on which such studies are based. No evidence was obtained for any intrinsic limitation in the capacity of bone marrow populations for repeated regeneration after HU-induced depletion. However, this does not necessarily imply that individual hematopoietic clones are capable of indefinite expansion because hematopoiesis may (as suggested by the relative resistance of highly self replicative stem cells to mitogenic signals) proceed on the basis of clonal succession. PMID- 7035600 TI - Lack of oral tolerance in C3H/HeJ mice. AB - Daily gastric intubation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsive C3H/HeN, BALB/c, and Swiss mice with SRBC for 2 wk resulted in oral tolerance, whereas similarly treated LPS-nonresponsive C3H/HeJ mice gave splenic anti-SRBC PFC responses, including the IgA isotype, after systemic challenge with antigen. Oral tolerance in LPS-responsive C3H/HeN mice was due to T suppressor (Ts) cells because significant Ts cell activity was demonstrated in both Peyer's patches (PP) and spleens of these animals. On the other hand, T cells from PP and spleens of identically treated C3H/HeJ mice exhibited mainly T helper cell activity. Prior treatment of PP or spleen cell preparations from tolerant C3H/HeN mice with anti Lyt-2.1 resulted in good in vitro anti-SRBC PFC responses, especially IgA isotype responses in PP cell cultures. These results indicate that oral administration of a thymic-dependent antigen (SRBC) to LPS-responsive mice induced a Ts cell population in PP, which, after migration to peripheral lymphoid tissue (e.g., spleen), suppressed responses to systemically administered antigen. LPS nonresponsive mice lack this Ts cell pathway and continually respond to oral administration of antigen. PMID- 7035601 TI - T cell replacing factor substitutes for an I-J+ idiotype-specific T helper cell. AB - An in vitro system for the study of idiotype (Id) expression on antitrimethylamino hapten antibody-producing cells and its regulation by two classes of helper T cells is described. These cells are distinguished in four ways: one requires a hapten-carrier bridge and gives a good response that is low in Id; it does not bind to Id-coated dishes and is not affected by anti-I-J plus complement. The other requires antigen but not a hapten-carrier bridge, is bound by Id-coated dishes and is killed by anti-I-J and complement. The Id-specific cell appears to be antigen specific and acts via a soluble factor(s). PMID- 7035602 TI - BCR information. Report on the inter-laboratory trial of the reference method for the determination of total calcium in serum. PMID- 7035603 TI - Comparison of chromogens for the determination of horseradish peroxidase as a marker in enzyme immunoassay. AB - o-Phenylenediamine, 2,2'-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonic acid-6) (ABTS), o-dianisidine and 4-aminoantipyrine were compared as chromogens for the determination of horseradish peroxidase. Highest sensitivity in the determination of horseradish peroxidase-IgG conjugates in dissolved form was obtained with o phenylenediamine. When these conjugates were used in a two-site binding enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), the steepest calibration curve and the lowest detection limit were obtained when ABTS was used to determine the immune complexes bound to the solid phase. Non-ionic detergents, such as polyoxyethylene-sorbitol ester, retarded horseradish peroxidase inactivation, resulting in a chromogen-dependent activity rise of horseradish peroxidase. An optimised determination of horseradish peroxidase is reported, in which the sensitivity of the solid phase enzyme immunoassay is doubled by the use of o-dianisidine. PMID- 7035604 TI - An evaluation of suitable functions for the insulin standard curve. AB - The insulin radioimmunoassay technique used for human insulin has been modified for measuring rabbit insulin (i) at lower concentrations of insulin in plasma, and (ii) more precisely. Eleven algebraic functions were fitted in turn to fifty three data sets. The goodness-of-fit was assessed in each case. It was concluded that a quadratic equation was the best function for the standard curve of the modified immunoassay, although this function is not necessarily the best for other different immunoassays. PMID- 7035605 TI - Determination of triiodothyronine in serum by enzyme- and radioimmunoassay: a comparative study. AB - An evaluation of a heterogeneous enzyme immunoassay for determination of triiodothyronine in serum (Enzymun-Test T3, Boehringer Mannheim) is presented. The enzyme immunoassay was compared with the laboratory routine radioimmunoassay. The precision of both assays was satisfactory at triiodothyronine concentrations between 1.0 and 8.0 nmol/l (coefficients of variation from day to day less than or equal to 10%). Average recoveries of triiodothyronine in pool sera ranged with the Enzymun-Test T3 from 96--104% and with the radioimmunoassay from 88--111%. A comparison of the results obtained by Enzymun-Test T3 and the radioimmunoassay in a series of 103 patients showed a good correlation between both methods. L thyroxine did not cause a relevant cross-reaction in the enzyme immunoassay. About 20 unknown samples can be analyzed in triplicate by Enzymun-Test T3 within 260 minutes. PMID- 7035606 TI - Major developments in clinical chemical instrumentation. AB - The introduction of instrumentation into the clinical chemistry laboratory is reviewed for the period extending from about 1890 to 1960. Topics covered, from a historical point of view, include the microscope, analytical balance, and centrifuge, colorimetry and spectrophotometry, flame photometry, gasometric analysis, pH, electrophoresis, chromatography, radioisotopes, and automation. PMID- 7035607 TI - [Medicine and chemistry around the middle of the 19th century in Erlangen. Eugen Franz Freiherr von Gorup-Besanez (1817--1878) (author's transl)]. AB - Eugen Franz Freiherr von Gorup-Besanez, born 1817 in Graz, was appointed on 28. 11. 1846 to the post of lecturer in the faculty of medicine of the University of Erlangen. He had previously studied medicine in Vienna, Padua and Munich, followed by physiological and clinical-chemical studies under Louis Andreas Buchner in Munich, and further studies in organic and analytical chemistry under Friedrich Wohler in Gottingen. In 1849 in Erlangen he became reader in organic and analytical chemistry, then, in 1855, moved to the faculty of philosophy as professor of chemistry. Von Gorup-Besanez was one of the early representatives of clinical chemistry in Germany. He tried to help clinicians by the analysis of urine, blood and tissues. In his lectures and through his books he was an outstanding teacher. His greatest contribution was the discovery of the amino acid valine. The lack of a laboratory in the medical faculty and his dissatisfaction with what could be achieved in clinical chemistry at that time may chiefly explain his move from the medical to the philosophical faculty. The life of von Gorup-Besanez illustrates the difficulties faced by clinical chemistry and its exponents in the middle of the 19th century. PMID- 7035608 TI - Management of fingertip injuries. PMID- 7035609 TI - The National Library of Medicine and how to use it. PMID- 7035610 TI - Nongonococcal urethritis. A clinical problem of the 80's. PMID- 7035611 TI - [Studies of plasma active and inactive renins in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Part V. Relationships between plasma renins, pathological findings and therapeutic response in patients with nephrotic syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035612 TI - The effect of alterations in the fluidity and phase state of the membrane lipids on the passive permeation and facilitated diffusion of glycerol in Escherichia coli. AB - The passive permeation and facilitated diffusion of glycerol into Escherichia coli K 1060, an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph, were studied as a function of temperature and membrane lipid fatty acid composition using a stopped-flow spectrophotometric assay of glycerol permeation. The relative rates of glycerol passive and mediated entry were both significantly influenced by the fluidity of the membrane lipids, increasing as the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition midpoint temperature of the membrane lipids decreased. The rate of passive glycerol permeation, but not the rate of glycerol facilitated diffusion, decreased as the membrane lipids were converted to the gel state. The apparent activation energies for passive and facilitated diffusion of glycerol, measured in cells whose membrane lipids were in the liquid-crystalline state, were 15-16 and 10-11 kcal mol-1, respectively, and neither value was significantly influenced by the fatty acid composition or fluidity of the membrane lipids. The mechanistic implications of these observations for the function of the glycerol facilitated diffusion system of E. coli are discussed. PMID- 7035613 TI - Effect of zinc deficiency on Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis (BCG). AB - Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis (BCG) grown on Sauton medium normally forms a pellicle; in the absence of added Zn2+, however, the pellicle sank during incubation and the yield was only about 20% of normal. The Zn2+-starved bacteria were morphologically similar to normal bacteria and were still acid-fast at 7 d as well as 14 d. The Zn2+-starved bacteria had slightly higher free lipid and phospholipid contents than normal; the content of hexoses was lower and proteins slightly lower. The deficient culture medium became opalescent and alkaline. Aspartate and ammonium ions accumulated. There was twice as much protein in deficient as in normal medium; moreover, a class of proteins precipitable at pH 4.5, which was hardly detectable in normal medium, was present in appreciable amounts of deficient medium. The content of aldehydes, measured with yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, was also doubled in deficient medium. Fractionation of acid-soluble aldehydes obtained from deficient medium after acid treatment of a bisulphite precipitate suggested the presence of several complex molecules bearing aldehyde groups. The need for Zn2+ in the medium may be explained by the presence in normal BCG of a Zn2+-requiring NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase activity whose affinity for aldehydes is especially high. PMID- 7035614 TI - Partial purification and characterization of an alcohol dehydrogenase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis (BCG). AB - An alcohol dehydrogenase of broad specificity was purified 43-fold from extracts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis (BCG) grown on Sauton medium. It was also present in cells grown in Dubos medium and Tween 80 and bovine serum albumin. The enzyme, which appeared to be soluble, acted as an oxidoreductase in the system butan-1-ol-NADP. It was eluted from Sephadex G-200, hydroxylapatite and DEAE-cellulose in a single peak. The molecular weight, as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, was about 75,000. Results of electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels were compatible with the existence of two subunits each of molecular weight 37,500. The optimum pH was about 8.5 when the enzyme catalysed the oxidation of butan-1-ol, and about 8.2 for the reverse reaction. The apparent Km was 0.125 mM for butyraldehyde and 0.22 M for butan-1 ol. The dehydrogenase activity was maintained after heat treatment (40 min at 55 degrees C) in the presence of 30% (W/V) glycerol, but was abolished by heating (40 min at 55 degrees C) in the presence of 0.1 M-EDTA. The activity of enzyme inactivated by heat and EDTA could be fully restored at room temperature in the presence of 2 mM-Zn2+. PMID- 7035615 TI - Partial purification and characterization of lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) from Propionibacterium acnes. AB - Lipase from Propionibacterium acnes has been purified 4800-fold from crude culture supernatant. The purified enzyme preparation had no assayable protease, hyaluronate lyase or acid phosphatase activities. The molecular weight of the lipase was 46,770 as determined by gel filtration. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a major protein component (mol. wt 41,190) together with two minor protein components (mol. wt 67,000 and 125,900). The lipase had a pH optimum of 6.8, was most stable in the pH range 5.0 to 6.0 and was completely inactivated after 30 min at 60 degrees C. The lipase hydrolysed trilaurin, triolein, trimyristin and tripalmitin at decreasing rates and did not exhibit phospholipase activity. Analysis of the reaction products from the hydrolysis of triolein by P. acnes lipase did not demonstrate an accumulation of 2-monoolein which suggested that the enzyme did not exhibit a positional specificity for the 1-position of the triacylglycerol. Crude lipase preparations contained an aggregated high molecular weight form of the enzyme which was eluted with the void volume from Sephadex G-200. This aggregated form was dissociated to produce the lower molecular weight lipase species by subsequent dialysis and elution from Sephadex G-200 using buffer with a higher ionic strength. PMID- 7035616 TI - Comparison of different methods for the detection of rubella-specific IgM antibodies. AB - The rubella specific IgM titer in the serum specimens originating from healthy persons and from patients with clinical signs of rubella infection was determined by hemagglutination inhibition or hemagglutination reduction after IgM separation with the following methods: (a) density gradient centrifugation; (b) polyacrylamide agarose gel chromatography; (c) ion exchange chromatography with diethylaminoethyl cellulose columns; (d) solid-phase immunosorbent technique using microplates; (e) solid-phase immunosorbent technique using polyacrylamide microimmunobeads. Alternatively, we removed IgG and IgA by the use of protein A, anti-IgG, and anti-IgA, covalently coupled to controlled-pore glass (f). The titers obtained by the different methods showed qualitatively good correlations when combined with mercaptoethanol reduction. The quantitative measurement of specific IgM titers, however, revealed a lower sensitivity of column chromatography and methods of removal of IgG/IgA. PMID- 7035617 TI - Influence of severe hypoglycemia on mitochondrial and plasma membrane function in rat brain. PMID- 7035618 TI - Intermediate filaments of Schwann cells. AB - Intermediate filaments were prepared from distal stumps of rabbit sciatic nerve 5 weeks after nerve section, at which time Schwann cells account for 85--90% of the cell area. A polypeptide of molecular weight 58,000 was the main component of this fraction. An antiserum raised in guinea pig against this polypeptide stained all cells present in the distal stump, as well as Schwann cells and 3T3 cells in culture. The identity of the molecular weight 58,000 polypeptide obtained from distal stumps with vimentin was proved with one and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and with immunoautoradiography. It is concluded that the intermediate filament subunit of undifferentiated Schwann cells is vimentin. The possibility that Schwann cells in normal nerve may have another type of intermediate filament besides vimentin cannot be ruled out. PMID- 7035619 TI - Glial cells identified by anti-alpha-albumin (anti-GFA) in human pineal gland. AB - Alpha-albumin, a CNS specific protein, identical to GFA protein and specific glial cells, has been found in the human pineal gland using histoimmunological and quantitative methods. The significance of its presence in the pineal gland is discussed. PMID- 7035620 TI - Derek-Ernest Denny-Brown 1901-1981. PMID- 7035621 TI - Distribution of measles antigen and immunoglobulin-containing cells in the CNS in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and atypical measles encephalitis. AB - The immunoperoxidase technique has been used to study the distribution of measles virus antigen and immunoglobulin (Ig)-containing cells within the CNS, in 5 cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and 1 case of atypical measles encephalitis. Measles virus antigen was demonstrated within the brain in all cases, and in the spinal cord in 1 case of SSPE. Ig-containing cells were also demonstrated in all cases, the proportions of the different light and heavy chain types varying somewhat from case to case. In SSPE IgG constituted the major and IgA the principal minor heavy chain demonstrated. In all cases of SSPE there was significant excess of light-chain-containing over heavy-chain-containing cells. In the case of atypical measles encephalitis there was a paucity of Ig-containing cells and a relatively high proportion (39%) of these contained IgM. The case of atypical measles encephalitis differed from those of SSPE also in the presence of multinucleate giant cells, some of which contained measles virus antigen. PMID- 7035622 TI - Longitudinal spinal cord sections as substratum for anti-neurofilament antibody detection. AB - A rapid and technically simple method for demonstrating anti-neurofilament antibodies using longitudinal sections of rat spinal cord as substratum and indirect immunofluorescent technique is reported. The results compare well with those obtained by the technically more difficult and time-consuming methods using as substratum central neurons cultivated in vitro. A total of 195 serum specimens from different neurological disorders and healthy subjects were studied. Immunofluorescent autoantibodies to neurofilaments were found in specimens of serum from patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), kuru, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism dementia (Guam), Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis but in higher frequency in CJD and kuru than in the other disease or in healthy control subjects. PMID- 7035623 TI - Antiparetic and antispastic effects induced by tizanidine in patients with spastic paresis. AB - The effects of tizanidine were studied in patients with spastic paresis. The study consisted of 4 parts: I, double-blind cross-over trial at maximal dosage 10 mg/day in 13 patients; II, open trial at maximal dosage 32 mg/day in 10 patients; III, long-term medication at dosage 32 mg/day for 6-15 months in 4 patients; IV, single dose (12 mg) administration in 3 patients. The effects were evaluated from clinical examinations, subjective assessments, EMG, gait analysis and quantitative determinations of passive resistance and voluntary strength in isokinetic extensions and flexions of the knee and plantar and dorsal flexions of the ankle at different speeds of motion. At 3-10 mg/day, no effects were observed except for increased prime mover EMG activity in voluntary knee flexions. At 12 32 mg/day, passive resistance decreased significantly in 3 of the movements tested. The maximal voluntary strength increased significantly in 3 movements, frequently associated with enlarged activation of prime mover muscles, less frequently with reduced antagonist co-activation. Functional disability was subjectively reduced and verified by improved gait capacity in 4 patients. Sustained effects on motor performance during long-term medication were verified by withdrawal in 3 patients. Single dose administration resulted in reduced passive resistance and increased voluntary strength, associated with an increased activation of the prime mover muscles. The results indicate that tizanidine exerts its effects in part by reducing spastic restraint, in part by enhancing the capacity to activate paretic muscles. PMID- 7035624 TI - Cryptococcal meningitis. A review of 32 years experience. AB - This study is a review of cryptococcal meningitis in Queensland, Australia, with particular reference to changes in incidence, methods of diagnosis and treatment and their effects on mortality and morbidity over the past three decades. Cryptococcal meningitis remains more prevalent among males, and aborigines. Mortality has declined dramatically since 1948, due to the use of the specific antifungal agents amphotericin B, flucytosine, and more recently miconazole. The availability of cranial computerized axial tomography and the early treatment of hydrocephalus have significantly contributed to the overall management of these patients. 75% of patients receiving a full course of treatment can now be expected to make a satisfactory recovery. PMID- 7035625 TI - [Immunohistochemical study in 16 cases of primary lymphoma of the central nervous system (author's transl)]. AB - Sixteen primary lymphomas of the central nervous system (CNS) have been studied with an immunoperoxidase technique (PAP) for the demonstration of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins. The material was obtained by biopsy (10 cases) and at autopsy (6 cases). For comparison, ten other tumors (glial tumors and secondary lymphomas involving the nervous tissue) were simultaneously investigated. In the 16 primary lymphomas, 14 contained intracellular immunoglobulins that were considered "monoclonal" in 9 cases, "probably monoclonal" in 4 cases but "uninterpretable" in the last one. According to the Kiel classification, the 13 malignant lymphomas with intracellular immunoglobulins were classified, morphologically, as immunoblastic sarcomas (9 cases) or immunocytomas (4 cases). No immunoglobulins were detected in 2 cases: 1 lymphoblastic lymphoma and 1 centrocytic lymphoma. Various amounts of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins were detected in inflammatory cells and glial cells (either reactive or tumoral) but the pattern of staining was consistent with current concepts of polyclonality. Therefore, a diagnosis based on the Kiel classification of lymphomas and the PAP technique will allow a more accurate prognosis on the evolution of primary lymphomas of the CNS with aspect of "high grade" and "low grade" malignancy. PMID- 7035626 TI - Neoplastic angioendotheliosis. AB - We add two cases of neoplastic angioendotheliosis to the previous 13 with central nervous system manifestations. This unusual neoplastic phenomenon is thought to represent a diffuse malignant proliferation of endothelial cells. A man aged 58 first had transient ischemic attacks followed by a subacute profound dementia with psychomotor retardation. Remission followed steroid therapy. Abulia recurred along with a gradually progressive paraplegia leading to death 16 months after onset of symptoms. Pathologic examination showed tumor masses in the basal ganglia and widespread patchy cerebral infarction. The spinal cord below the midthoracic level was destroyed. Microscopically small mononuclear tumor cells were widespread within and largely confined to the lumens of small cerebral blood vessels which showed varying degrees of occlusion and recanalization. Factor 8 antigen, a specific endothelial cell marker, was not present on the surface of the malignant cells. Another man aged 61 developed subacute dementia with frontal lobe signs, dysphasia and impairment of memory. Computerized tomography showed multiple infarcts. A brief respite followed steroid therapy but progressive deterioration led to death in 15 weeks. Frontal lobe biopsy revealed the same neoplastic vascular process. The hallmark of the illness is a progressive subacute lobar dementia. Transient spells may occur. Hemiparesis is unusual and seizures do not occur except terminally. Angiography is normal. PMID- 7035627 TI - Therapeutic effects of bathing during labor. PMID- 7035628 TI - Dietary obesity in rats: influence on carbohydrate metabolism. AB - When male rats were fed a high diet from 3 to 20 weeks of age, they weighed 633 g which was 30% more than the animals fed a high glucose diet. Blood samples after a 16 to 18 hour fast, from the rats fed the high fat and high glucose diets contained, respectively: 130 +/- 11, 110 +/- 8 mg glucose/100 ml; 27 +/- 5, 24 +/ 3 microunits immunoreactive insulin (IRI)/ml; 791 +/- 58, 1104 +/- 179 meq nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA)/L. A tolerance test, by stomach tube, with 125 mg of glucose/100g body weight indicated that the rats fed the high fat diet had significantly higher mean plasma glucose concentrations, lower IRI responses and a lower leve of NEFA than rats fed a high glucose diet. Switching diets for 5 weeks resulted in body weights of about 600 g for both groups of rats. Those rats switched from the high fat to the high glucose diet did show an improved glucose tolerance, while the reverse was true of rats switched from the high carbohydrate to the high fat diet. PMID- 7035629 TI - Denture identification: an application of preventative dentistry. PMID- 7035630 TI - Glycemic response to lipid infusion in the premature neonate. AB - The effect of lipid infusion on glucose homeostasis in the preterm newborn infant was evaluated. Seven infants were given a test dose of 0.25 gm/kg/hour of lipid emulsion. Their response was characterized by :(1) a two fold increase in serum free fatty acid concentrations, (2) a small, transient rise in insulin values, and (3) a sustained increase in serum glucose concentration (mean increment in serum glucose was 24% over baseline). Nine infants received a test dose of 0.5 gm/kg/hr of lipid. Their response was similar to that in the lower infusion group, but of a greater magnitude: an eightfold increase in free fatty acids, sustained increase in serum insulin concentration, and a mean increment in serum glucose values of 65% over baseline. Increased lipid availability in the low birth-weight newborn infant plays a significant role in promoting an increase in serum glucose concentrations. PMID- 7035631 TI - Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and renal function. AB - It has been suggested that neonates with hyperbilirubinemia may have impaired renal function. In order to study this problem, creatinine clearance, and fractional tubular reabsorption of sodium and beta-2-microglobulin were measured in 22 jaundiced neonates with gestational ages ranging from 33 to 42 weeks and mean postnatal age of 3.9 days. These data were compared with those obtained from 23 nonjaundiced control infants matched for gestational and postnatal ages. In addition, follow-up studies of renal function were conducted in 18 of 22 study infants when serum bilirubin concentration was less than 11 mg/dl at a mean postnatal age of 7.6 days. No significant differences in CCr, T Na, or T beta 2M were observed. We conclude that when gestational age is greater than or equal to 33 weeks, modification of current management of infants with moderate hyperbilirubinemia is unnecessary to prevent nephrotoxicity. PMID- 7035632 TI - Semiquantitative cultures and routine tip cultures on umbilical catheters. AB - One hundred and fourteen umbilical catheters (79 arterial and 35 venous) were cultured with a semiquantitative technique. Twelve cultures were SQC positive with greater than or equal to 15 colonies, and all but two of these had greater than or equal to 100 colonies. Organisms usually considered to be pathogens were associated with SQC positive catheters, whereas organisms generally considered nonpathogens were associated with less than 15 colonies on SQC. Therefore SQC may help to differentiate between contamination and infection related to umbilical catheters. The one case with purulence at the cord base grew 100 colonies of Staphylococcus epidermidis on SQC. S. epidermidis showed a bimodal distribution in colony count and should be considered as a pathogen when high colony counts are present. Duration of catheterization was longer in SQC positive catheters. Empiric antibiotic use was associated with negative SQC. Further study is indicated in a newborn population with a lower rate to antibiotic use for correlation of SQC results with catheter-induced bacteremia and sepsis. PMID- 7035633 TI - Treatment of neonatal hypertension with Captopril. PMID- 7035634 TI - Virologic, immunologic, and genetic factors in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - A 16-month-old girl presented with an episode of fever and acute thrombocytopenic purpura caused by a Coxsackie B5 virus. On days 13 to 23, laboratory evidence of diabetes mellitus was present, followed by a 2 1/2-month remission, then by definitive insulin-dependent diabetes. The involvement of virologic, immunologic, and genetic factors in the pathophysiology was substantiated by the following data: (1) Virus-induced glucose intolerance was produced in selected mouse strains. (2) Islet-cell antibodies were found one week before onset of diabetes; however, circulating lymphocytes of the child at that time suppressed insulin release from islets in vitro. (3) Immunogenetic analysis of the child revealed the presence of high-risk genetic markers. It is suggested that the convergence of an insulotropic variant virus, genetic predisposition, and perhaps some uncontrolled adjuvant factors, e.g. steroid therapy and DPT vaccination, may have determined insular damage and anti-islet autoimmune reactions, leading to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7035635 TI - Organ-specific autoantibodies in children with common endocrine diseases. AB - Sera from 438 children were examined for autoantibodies to thyroid microsomes, thyroglobulin, pancreatic islet cells, gastric parietal cells, and adrenocortical cells by indirect hemagglutination and immunofluorescence techniques. A modification of the indirect hemagglutination technique allowed specific detection of low titers of antithyroidal antibodies. The subjects included a control group (117) with no known autoimmune disease, and children with disorders of the thyroid (88), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (201), Turner's Syndrome (24), and Addison disease (8). A subject's age at the time of disease onset and the race and sex were correlated with the prevalence of autoantibodies. The coincidence of autoantibodies to components of the thyroid with autoantibodies to gastric parietal cells was increased in children with disorders of the thyroid (94%, 18/19) over that observed in diabetes (29%, 4/14), Turner syndrome (0%), or Addison disease (0%), perhaps indicating different genetic propensities for the development of parietal cell antibodies in these groups. Islet cell antibodies were not found in subjects with Turner syndrome, nor were they more prevalent in white or black subjects with diabetes. The incidence of organ-specific autoantibodies in individuals without overt clinical disease may reflect an altered immunologic state that will lead eventually to autoimmune disease. Islet cell antibodies decline in prevalence in diabetes, whereas thyroid antibodies in disorders of the thyroid do not; this may reflect differences in the pathogenesis of these common autoimmune endocrine disorders in children. PMID- 7035636 TI - Melioidosis. PMID- 7035637 TI - Age-related response to two Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. AB - Two types of Hib vaccines were compared for efficacy and safety in 71 normal children in three age groups: 36 to 72 months, 15 to 18 months, and 6 to 8 months. One vaccine contained the Hib-specific capsular polysaccharide, PRP; the second vaccine contained PRP combined with pertussis vaccine, PRP-P. A third vaccine, DTP, was administered to a control group for each age. Anti-PRP antibody levels were greater after vaccination with PRP-P than after PRP in all three age groups. Immunoresponsiveness to both vaccines increased with age. A lower incidence of side effects was seen with both PRP (15%) and PRP-P (20%) than with DTP (56%). The results suggest that PRP-P is both well tolerated clinically and has greater immunogenicity than PRP. PMID- 7035638 TI - Parenteral galactose therapy in the glucose-intolerant premature infant. AB - Blood galactose concentrations were measured in 55 neonates consuming at least 80 ml/kg/day of lactose-containing formula. The range of galactose concentration immediately after feeding was 0.8 to 4.2 mg/dl, with a mean of 1.5 +/- 0.2 mg/dl. Galactose concentration fell rapidly after feeding, and normal values for the population fell with a half-life of 45 minutes. Considering galactose as a potential intravenous nutrient, six glucose-intolerant premature infants were given galactose-containing solutions intravenously using a double-blind randomized crossover protocol. Infants were chosen who had sustained hyperglycemia (150 mg/dl) and glucosuria (2+ Clinitest) requiring glucose infusion at a rate below 7 mg/kg/minute for more than 24 hours. Compared to the control glucose period, intravenous alimentation with a solution containing carbohydrate as 50% glucose and 50% galactose resulted in a 65% increase in total carbohydrate infusion rate, normalization of the blood glucose concentration, and decreased glucosuria. Blood galactose concentration averaged 15 mg/dl, and no clinical or biochemical evidence of galactose toxicity was noted. PMID- 7035639 TI - Carnitine blood concentrations and fat utilization in parenterally alimented premature newborn infants. AB - To investigate the relationships among carnitine intake, carnitine blood concentrations, and the ability to utilize exogenous fat, total carnitine, free carnitine, acylcarnitine, beta-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acid and triglyceride plasma concentrations were measured in 26 parenterally alimented appropriate-for gestational-age premature infants before and at the end of a four-hour infusion of Intralipid, 1 gm/kg body weight. There was an increase in plasma levels of AC, BOB, FFA, and TG, but a decrease of FC, TC was unaffected by the infusion, but strongly correlated with calculated carnitine intake. At the end of the fat infusion, AC and BOB were positively correlated, and FFA negatively correlated with TC. The results demonstrate the proportion of AC to FC to be an additional indicator of fatty acid utilization and suggest that decreased carnitine intake in premature infants may impair fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. PMID- 7035640 TI - Dosing implications of altered gentamicin disposition in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - A pharmacokinetic approach was used for gentamicin dosing in 19 children and young adults with cystic fibrosis. A one-compartment open-model analysis of steady-state gentamicin pharmacokinetics revealed a significantly larger apparent volume of distribution and total plasma clearance for patients with CF as compared to a similar population of children without the disease. The increase in the apparent volume of distribution for patients with CF produced a larger daily gentamicin dose requirement to maintain similar steady-state levels as compared to children without the disease. Significant differences in the elimination rate constant and half-life for gentamicin were not found between these populations. Linear correlations between creatinine clearance and kel for gentamicin, and total body body weight and the apparent volume of distribution were demonstrated for children with varying degrees of stable renal function but not patients with CF. Altered gentamicin disposition peculiar to CF precludes application of currently used dosing nomograms or guidelines derived from normal populations, and emphasizes the need for individualized gentamicin therapy guided by a pharmacokinetic approach in these patients. PMID- 7035641 TI - Role of a serum factor in enhancement of in vitro interactions between Plasmodium berghei sporozoites and hamster peritoneal macrophages. AB - Interactions between Plasmodium berghei sporozoites and hamster peritoneal macrophages were studied. Hamster serum was shown to enhance the percentage of sporozoites tha attached to macrophages, thus confirming previous studies by other workers using mouse macrophages and mouse serum. The enhancement factor within hamster serum was concentrated by a fractionation procedure consisting of ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by Concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography. This serum fraction has been shown previously to contain component(s) that bind to P. berghei sporozoites. PMID- 7035642 TI - New methods for the isolation of bloodstream trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 7035643 TI - The advantages and risks of feto-maternal monitoring. PMID- 7035644 TI - Isoxsuprine infusion in the rat: alterations in maternal, fetal and neonatal glucose homeostasis. AB - To determine the mechanism of alteration in glucose homeostasis associated with maternal isoxsuprine administration, isoxsuprine or 0.04 M saline was administered intravenously for 3 hours to term pregnant and age-matched virgin rats. Isoxsuprine infusion significantly increased plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and decreased hepatic glycogen stores in both. Compared to rat pups of saline infused mothers, pups of isoxsuprine infused mothers had significantly elevated plasma glucose concentrations for the first 4 hours of life and plasma insulin concentrations for the first two. Plasma glucose concentrations for the offspring of isoxsuprine treated mothers then decreased significantly and remained so until 16 hours of age. Hepatic glycogen concentrations were significantly less in rat pups of isoxsuprine treated mothers at birth and for the first 4 hours of life. In a limited number of studies, isoxsuprine was present at birth in substantial quantities (80-85% of maternal levels) in the plasma of rat pups of isoxsuprine infused mothers. These data suggest that maternal isoxsuprine therapy mobilizes hepatic glycogen and results in maternal hyperlgycemia. Maternal isoxsuprine infusion may directly deplete fetal hepatic glycogen and result in transient fetal and neonatal hyperglycemia. the in utero depletion of glycogen and possibly, the early stimulation of insulin production may be responsible for the later significant decreases in plasma glucose in the offspring of isoxsuprine treated mothers. PMID- 7035645 TI - [Hormones IV. Hormones of the adrenal cortex (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035646 TI - [Chemistry of benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids having antineoplastic activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035647 TI - Effect of two clasping assemblies on arch integrity as modified by base adaptation. AB - (1) Altering clasp design can affect the way forces act on abutment teeth. (2) An RPI clasp design causes less distal displacement of the primary abutment tooth than circumferential clasp arms with a distal rest under the same conditions. (3) Forces applied on a mandibular distal-extension base will have a greater affect on the abutments on the same side of the arch than on crossarch abutments. (4) The influence of changes in clasp design is minimized when the bases are well adapted to the basal seat and fully extended. PMID- 7035648 TI - A clinical and radiographic evaluation of removable partial dentures retained by attachments to alveolar bars. PMID- 7035649 TI - Centric relation records-historical review. PMID- 7035650 TI - Marginal distortion of the porcelain- bonded-to-metal complete crown: an SEM study. PMID- 7035651 TI - Distortion of occlusal porcelain during glazing. AB - The amount of vertical height distortion of porcelain cusps and fossae during glazing was investigated, and the following conclusions can be drawn. 1. Vertical height loss was minimized by using opaque cones to support cuspal porcelain. 2. The amount of vertical distortion was less after the second glaze than the first. 3. Adjustment of the occlusal surface after the first glaze followed by reglazing minimized distortion. Glazing distortion can, in fact, be minimized to an acceptable level. PMID- 7035652 TI - Polished versus autoglazed porcelain surfaces. AB - Four different porcelain polishing sequences were evaluated, and the resulting polished surfaces were compared to an unaltered glazed surface. The sequences included: (1) superfine diamond, Dedeco wheels, and levigated alumina; (2) Shofu porcelain polishing system; (3) superfine diamond, Cratex wheel, Burlew disk, and levigated alumina; and (4) Jelenko porcelain carving and polishing wheels. No statistically significant differences were found for the surface roughness values among the initial glazed samples. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between the final polished surfaces and the initial autoglazed surfaces for any of the four test sequences. Significant differences were found between comparable abrasives among the polishing sequences, as well as between steps within a single polishing sequence. The clinical significance of these differences in regard to gingival health or occlusal abrasion and wear is yet to be determined. PMID- 7035653 TI - A laminated hydrocolloid impression for indirect inlays. PMID- 7035654 TI - A comparative evaluation of three post and core techniques. AB - An in vitro study was performed evaluating three post and core techniques with and without full crown coverage on extracted mandibular molar teeth. The materials evaluated were amalgam, composite resin, and stainless steel posts, and a combination of cast-gold and stainless steel posts. The results indicate that the method of post and core technique may not be as significant as the placement of full coverage cast-gold crown restorations with sound design and placement of margins beyond the buildup restoration. PMID- 7035655 TI - Temporization of an extensively fractured anterior tooth. PMID- 7035656 TI - The use of nonparallel canine abutments for a tissue bar overdenture obturator. PMID- 7035657 TI - Evaluation of primers on leakage at the bond interface of silicone and methyl methacrylate. AB - The bond interface between Silastic 891 and methyl methacrylate was evaluated to determine whether the use of primers would prevent leakage. Three different primers were tested, and the amount of leakage at the bond interface was evaluated by placing the test samples in India ink for periods of 12, 24, and 48 hours and 2 weeks. Of the 80 samples studied, 73 showed evidence of leakage-most of which occurred during the initial 12-hour test period. PMID- 7035658 TI - A modification of the altered cast technique. PMID- 7035659 TI - Technique for making a template for temporary restorations. AB - A fast, accurate, and simple technique for fabricating custom templates used to construct customized acrylic resin temporary crowns and fixed partial dentures has been presented. Acrylic resins are used directly on the diagnostic cast to restore single tooth contours, secure pontics to the cast, and to contour edentulous areas. Duplicate casts and impressions are not needed. Acrylic resins prove superior to wax and other materials for constructing custom templates because they will not distort or melt under the heat and pressure of the thermal vacuum machine. Thus, the template is accurate and free of melted residue on the inner template surface. PMID- 7035660 TI - Partial denture design: a simple teaching aid. PMID- 7035661 TI - Gutta percha removal for cast post and cores. PMID- 7035662 TI - Antimutagenic activities of human placental extract on ultraviolet light- and gamma-ray-induced mutation in Escherichia coli WP 2 B/r trp. PMID- 7035663 TI - Diagnosing thrush. PMID- 7035664 TI - Marked hyperinsulinemia after glucose challenge in patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. AB - The insulin response after a glucose challenge was studied in 11 male patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and in 8 age, sex and weight matched controls. There was significant hyperinsulinemia in the DISH group, most marked at 2 h after the glucose challenge. Growth hormone levels were found to be normal in each group. The marked hyperinsulinemia in patients with DISH may play a role in the pathogenesis of this condition. PMID- 7035665 TI - Atypical bullous dermatosis of childhood with entropion. PMID- 7035666 TI - Future directions in dopaminergic nervous system and dopaminergic agonists. AB - The physiological and pharmacological roles of pre- and postsynaptic dopamine receptors in modification of neuronal transmission centrally and peripherally will be subjects for intense research during the next decade. As enumerated by Langer, dopamine-sensitive receptors have been described that may inhibit or facilitate release of neurotransmitter substances. It is likely that dopaminergic agents that are highly selective for specific transmitters will be discovered. Likewise, dopaminergic agents that are nonselective (i.e., that modify the function of two or more neurotransmitters) may offer many opportunities for modification of behavior. PMID- 7035667 TI - Syntheses of 9-acridine- and 2-phenanthridinemethanols as potential antimalarials. AB - alpha-(1-Piperidinylmethyl)-9-acridinemethanol (3), alpha-[(dibutylamino)ethyl]-9 acridanmethanol (4a), and alpha-[(dibutylamino)methyl]-2-phenanthridinemethanol (5) have been made and all are ineffective as antimalarials against Plasmodium berghei in mice. 9-Acridinyloxirane showed no significant mutagenicity for strains TA 98 or TA 100 of Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7035668 TI - 2,4-Diamino-5-benzylpyrimidines and analogues as antibacterial agents. 5. 3',5' Dimethoxy-4'-substituted-benzyl analogues of trimethoprim. AB - Forty trimethoprim analogues in which the para substituent in the benzene ring was varied were prepared for antibacterial evaluation. All were very potent inhibitors of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase. The similarity of their inhibitory activities strongly suggested that the side chains beyond the first two atoms were not in contact with the enzyme. However, among 38 ether derivatives which varied widely in their bulk and lipophilicity, very few approached trimethoprim in their broad-spectrum in vitro antibacterial activity. The 4'-methyl and 4'-ethyl analogues and the allyloxy and gamma-chloropropoxy ethers had activities fairly close to that of trimethoprim. The two ethers were chosen for further evaluation in vivo. Neither compound quite matched trimethoprim in efficacy in mice, and their half-lives, as well as that of the beta-methoxyethoxy analogue, were found to be shorter in dogs. PMID- 7035669 TI - A new stable prostacyclin mimic, 7-oxoprostaglandin I2. PMID- 7035670 TI - A VA-medical school affiliation process from the standpoint of the affiliated. PMID- 7035671 TI - Stress management training in medical school. AB - It has been widely noted that medical school can be stressful experience for many students and that on completion of their medical education students will enter a profession high in potential stressors. However, very few systematic efforts to teach medical students practical stress management skills have been undertaken. In the study reported here, a group of students volunteered to participate in a six-session program that taught them personal stress management techniques, including self-relaxation training, schedule-planning, priority-setting, leisure time-planning, and cognitive modification techniques. From pretraining to posttraining, the students showed improvement on a variety of measures that included knowledge about stress, self-report inventory scores assessing stress symptoms and life-style, personal ratings of stressful situations, and their daily activity schedules. A control group largely failed to show improvement relative to the stress management training group largely failed to show improvement relative to the stress management training group subjects. The importance of making available to students such specific, behavioral and preventive stress management training is discussed. PMID- 7035672 TI - Enzyme electrodes as practical biosensors. AB - An enzyme can be combined with an electrochemical sensor to produce an electrode that will measure the substrate for that enzyme. Such electrodes, known as enzyme electrodes, have enabled assay of many compounds of biochemical interest. However, they remain largely unexploited in medical measurement. The review gives the basic principles and describes electrodes used in biological solutions, together with an outline of the problems. The development of enzyme electrodes for continuous in vivo monitoring is emphasised. PMID- 7035673 TI - Potassium-induced insulin release and voltage noise measurements in single mouse islets of Langerhans. AB - Insulin release and membrane potential fluctuations in response to increased extracellular potassium [K+]o have been measured in single perifused islets of Langerhans from normal mice. An increase in [K+]o from 5 mM to 50 mM induced a transient insulin release with a peak at about 1 min. The peak value was [K+]o dependent but the half-time t1/2 for the decline was constant at nearly 1 min. 2.5 mM cobalt completely inhibited the potassium-induced stimulation of insulin release. The insulin release elicited by 28 and 50 mM [K+]o was similar in terms of peak, total release and half-time from maximum release. Stepwise increase in [K+]o from 10 to 28 to 50 mM resulted in a normal response to 28 mM but no peak of release after the 28 to 50 mM increase. The results indicate good correlation between excess voltage noise, thought to reflect calcium channel activity, and insulin release evoked by changing extracellular potassium. PMID- 7035674 TI - Anilinonaphthalene sulfonate fluorescence and amino acid transport in yeast. AB - Fluorescence of 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate in yeast membranes appears to be caused predominantly by binding to lipids (ANS protein:ANS lipid approximately 1 : 20) as indicated by the fluorescence lifetime, degree of polarization, and excitation spectra. It was insensitive to short-circuiting the membrane potential. Fluorescence intensity increased as cells (especially after pretreatment with energy donors such as glucose) were exposed to some amono acids, in particular, aspartic and glutamic acids. The character of fluorescence shifted to that of protein-bound ANS, suggesting an exposure of new protein sites accessible to the probe. This shift could be prevented by inhibitors of energy transduction as well as of transport. The K1/2 of the shift was at 2.5 mM aspartic acid. PMID- 7035675 TI - Unsaturated fatty acid requirement in Escherichia coli: mechanism of palmitate induced inhibition of growth of strain WN1. AB - The minimum requirement for unsaturated fatty acids was investigated in E. coli using a mutant impaired in the synthesis of vaccenic acid. Exogenously supplied palmitic acid was incorporated by this mutant which led to a reduction in the proportion of cellular unsaturated fatty acids. Growth was impaired as the level of saturated fatty acids approached 76% at 37 degree C and 60% at 30 degree C. The basis of this growth inhibition was investigated. Most transport systems and enzymes examined remained active in palmitate-grown cells although the specific activities of glutamate uptake and succinic dehydrogenase were depressed 50%. Fluorescent probes of membrane organization indicated that fluidity decreased with palmitate incorporation. Temperature scans with parinaric acid indicated that rigid lipid domains exist in palmitate-grown cells at their respective growth temperature. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy confirmed the presence of phase separations (particle-free areas) in palmitate-grown cells held at their growth temperature prior to quenching. The extent of this separation into particle-free and particle-enriched domains was equivalent to that induced by a shift to 0 degree C in control cells. The incorporation of palmitate increased nucleotide leakage over threefold. The cytoplasmic enzyme beta-galactosidase was released into the surrounding medium as the concentration of unsaturated fatty acid approached the minimum for a particular growth temperature. Lysis was observed as a decrease in turbidity when cells which had been grown with palmitate were shifted a lower growth temperature. From these results we propose that leakage and partial lysis are the major factors contributing to the apparent decrease in growth rate caused by the excessive incorporation of palmitate. Further, we propose that membrane integrity may determine the minimum requirement for unsaturated fatty acids in E. coli rather than a specific effect on membrane transport and/or membrane-bound enzymes. PMID- 7035676 TI - Applications of the SEM to the analysis of morphogenetic events. AB - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a valuable tool for the analysis of morphogenetic events. The role of extracellular materials in primary neural induction in the early stage 5 chick embryo may be analysed by SEM as well as by histochemical techniques. During primary neural induction, extracellular materials in the early stage 5 chick embryo form a fan-shaped region on the ectoderm anterior to Hensen's node. Fibronectin and sulphated glycosaminoglycans are present anterior to Hensen's node on the ventral ectoderm layer. It is proposed that the fanshape of extracellular materials has a dual function; as a chemical substrate to form close contacts between the inducing cells and the target ectoderm cells, and to serve as a contact guidance system of the pre notochordal cells. PMID- 7035677 TI - The contribution of scanning electron microscopy in haematology: its role in defining leucocyte and erythrocyte disorders. AB - This report reviews the contribution of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in haematology. Important observations regarding red cell shape and deformities are referred to and contributions in the definition and classification erythrocyte disorders are stressed. In this field there is no doubt that SEM has contributed much to the three-dimensional visualization of RBC disorders. As far as leucocyte pathology is concerned the situation is less clear. SEM has contributed much to current knowledge and understanding of the surface properties of white blood cells. Normal leucocytes have different surface features and can be distinguished under the SEM. However, some overlap does occur, making individual distinction on the basis of surface architecture alone extremely difficult. The difficulties in this regard are discussed in this review and factors influencing the variability of surface microprojections are reviewed briefly. Leukaemic cells of different origins may also be distinguished under the SEM. However, while "hairy' cells have typical surface features and non-lymphoid leukaemic cells, in particular monocytes, are readily distinguished from lymphoid leukaemic cells, there is much overlap of surface topography. Undifferentiated cells and early myeloblasts and lymphoblasts have similar surface features and cannot be distinguished under the SEM. While SEM adds a valuable third dimension to morphology and ultrastructure, it cannot be used alone in the definition of difficult cases of acute leukaemia. PMID- 7035678 TI - Cell surface distribution of fibronectin in cultures of fibroblasts and bladder derived epithelium: SEM-immunogold localization compared to immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence.. AB - Expression of cell surface fibronectin in cultures of untransformed fibroblasts is well documented, but little is known of its presence and distribution in cultured epithelial cells. Using species monospecific anti-fibronectin antibodies, the distribution of fibronectin in untransformed fibroblasts and in normal and neoplastic bladder epithelial cells was characterized by indirect labelling experiments using immunogold scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface matrix of fibronectin expressed in rodent and human fibroblast cell lines was demonstrated with ease by SEM of gold-tagged second antibodies. However, no fibronectin could be detected on any of the mouse and human bladder epithelium derived cells studied in single or in mixed epithelial-fibroblast cultures. These SEM-immunogold observations were compared to and confirmed by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase microscopy. Immunofluorescence and SEM localization of the fibronectin in the extracellular matrix presented similar distribution patterns but the higher resolution of the SEM provided a more detailed analysis. PMID- 7035679 TI - 1H nuclear magnetic resonance study of the histidine residues of insulin. PMID- 7035680 TI - Effect of translocation on topology and conformation of anticodon and D loops of tRNAPhe. PMID- 7035681 TI - Deletion analysis of the Saccharomyces GAL gene cluster. Transcription from three promoters. PMID- 7035682 TI - Gel electrophoretic studies on ribosomal proteins L7/L12 and the Escherichia coli 50 S subunit. PMID- 7035683 TI - Position effects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7035684 TI - A study of the interaction of Escherichia coli elongation factor-Tu with aminoacyl-tRNAs by partial digestion with cobra venom ribonuclease. PMID- 7035685 TI - Biochemical characterization and cellular localization of serine protease in myopathic hamster. PMID- 7035686 TI - Clinical and research implications of the evaluation of women's group therapy for anorgasmia: a review. AB - This paper reviews some important clinical and research implications of studies which have evaluated the effectiveness of short-term behavioral group therapy for anorgasmia. Though formal research data on curative factors is very sparse, the experience of sharing within a group, and the focus on arousal seem consistent with treatment outcome; however, the emphasis on assertiveness and the woman-only approach may have countertherapeutic as well as therapeutic effects. A potentially important intervening variable is the woman's level of ego development. The use of certain assessment scales and criteria for success of treatment are critiqued, and recommendations made for further study. PMID- 7035687 TI - A prospective study of prophylactic penicillin in acutely burned hospitalized patients. AB - The use of prophylactic low-dose penicillin acutely burned, hospitalized patients remains controversial. Fifty-one adult patients with burns of 1% to 91% total body surface area were prospectively studied to determine the efficacy of prophylactic penicillin in the prevention of wound cellulitis and burn wound sepsis, and to examine the influence of prophylactic penicillin on the emergence of antibiotic resistant microorganisms. In 25 patients given a 5-day course of penicillin prophylactically, 11 developed cellulitis and two had burn wound sepsis. A similar group of patients given placebo developed seven cases of cellulitis and three cases of burn wound sepsis (p = 0.340). No patient in either group developed gentamicin-resistant Gram-negative organisms, although the gastrointestinal tracts of two patients in the penicillin group showed new colonization by yeast. We conclude that the routine administration of prophylactic penicillin neither protects against cellulitis and burn wound sepsis, nor promotes selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitalized patients with acute thermal injury. PMID- 7035688 TI - Bone grafting for nonunion of fractures of the tibia: a critical review. AB - This study concerns the results of treatment of 39 patients with 40 tibial fractures which had progressed to nonunion and which subsequently were treated by autogenous bone grafting and cast immobilization. Thirty-one fractures were initially open and nine of these became infected nonunions. Thirty-four fractures united after bone grafting, four other patients finally required amputations, and two tibiae healed after subsequent internal fixation. The functional results, especially as related to ankle and subtalar joints, the residual tibial deformities, shortening and cosmetic results, were less than optimal. The difficulty with correcting and maintaining correction of the initial deformity and long periods of joint immobilization contributed to these results. Each patient with a nonunion of the tibia should be assessed so that a recommendation as to the need for immobilization, its type, and the necessity for bone grafting or not can be made. PMID- 7035689 TI - Avulsion of the innominate artery from the aortic arch associated with a posterior tracheal tear. AB - The management of a patient with avulsion of the innominate artery from the aortic arch associated with a longitudinal tear on the posterior aspect of the trachea is discussed. It is obviously important to make both diagnoses preoperatively to determine priorities in the surgical management. If the airway injury can be managed by tracheal intubation, then it is recommended that the vascular injury be repaired first. If there is a persistent air leak with respiratory distress, then it is necessary to repair the tracheal injury before performing the vascular procedure. In some patients it may be appropriate to treat the tracheal injury nonoperatively. PMID- 7035690 TI - Facial nerve sutures: epineural vs. perineural sutures. AB - The orbicularis oculi branch of the facial nerve was transected in two groups of 15 cats. Following section of the nerve, a specimen was removed for histological studies; then, using microscopic techniques the epineurium was sutured (nylon 10:0) in the first group, and the perineurium in the second. They were then followed for 100 days. Results rely on clinical (complete closure of the eye), electrophysiological (summation potentials), and histological (fiber count) evaluations. Judging from the relative density and diameters of the fibers, epineural sutures result in better regeneration than perineural sutures. With the tremendous importance of the absence of tension on the suture line in mind, it seems that the technique of choice for monofascicular nerves, as in the pyramidal and tympanic segments of the facial nerve, is epineural suture. Despite the slight advantage of epineural suture over perineural suture as evidenced by histological evaluation, there was no clinical difference. The distal fascicular distribution of facial nerve fibers and their spatial distribution make perineural (fascicular) sutures the method of choice when anastomosis becomes necessary in the vertical portion and in the portion distal to the stylomastoid foramen. PMID- 7035691 TI - Transient anuria following administration of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor (SQ 14225) in a patient with renal artery stenosis of the solitary kidney successfully treated with renal autotransplantation. AB - We report on a patient with renal artery stenosis who had only 1 kidney and in whom acute renal impairment developed with transient anuria after the administration of captopril. Although inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme is considered to be efficient treatment for hypertension associated with chronic renal failure, care should be taken when captopril is administered initially to a patient with decreased renal function, under the conditions of sodium and water depletion. The renovascular hypertension in this patient was treated successfully by renal autotransplantation. PMID- 7035692 TI - Oxalate metabolism and renal calculi. AB - Changes in oxalate excretion (together with changes in urinary volume) constitute the most important factors in altering the probability of renal stone formation. However, investigations on oxalate metabolism have been sparse, perhaps because of the lack of an accurate method for measuring oxalate in biologic fluids. Available data clearly implicate increased urinary oxalate excretion as the etiological factor in stone formation in two groups of patients--those with primary hyperoxaluria and those with gastrointestinal malabsorption. Evidence for the existence of hyperoxaluria in the patient with the "garden" variety of calcium oxalate stones is less persuasive. PMID- 7035693 TI - Functional studies in 6 days successful preserved canine kidneys. AB - In 2 groups of 6 dogs each the right kidney was removed, flushed with Collins and then perfused in a Gambro preservation machine for 6 days. After this period the kidneys were reimplanted in the neck of the subsequently nephrectomized donor. The only difference in Group 2 was that halfway the 6-day hypothermic perfusion the kidneys were taken from the machine and perfused ex vivo for 3 hours by connections with the femoral vessels of the same donor dog. After implantation, only 1 dog from group 1 survived. All 6 dogs in group 2 survived. A low filtration fraction (less than 0.26) after implantation, measured 1 hour after implantation, correlated well with and predicted life sustaining kidney function. During the ex vivo perfusion in group 2, an improving proximal tubular secretion and water reabsorption was observed. PMID- 7035694 TI - Prevention of lymphocele formation following renal allotransplantation. AB - Lymphocele formation is a recognized complication of renal allotransplantation that can jeopardize the graft and cause major morbidity for the allograft recipient. Previously, emphasis has been placed on treatment as opposed to prevention. We attempted to prevent lymphocele formation by adopting 2 techniques in performing the renal transplantation: 1) we limited the area of dissection in the recipient to that necessary to obtain vessel control of the segment of iliac vessel that was to be used for the vascular anastomosis (to decrease the number of lymphatics that were divided or destroyed) and 2) we practiced lymphostasis as meticulously as we did hemostasis. We did not attempt to ligate any lymphatics in the hilus of the kidney. Using these techniques we have performed 198 consecutive renal allografts without the development of an identifiable lymphocele. The limitation of the area of vessel dissection has not increased either the rate of major vascular complications (2 per cent) or the development of major pulmonary embolism (0.5 per cent) after transplantation. We conclude that extensive dissection of the iliac vessels is not necessary to prevent major vascular complications or pulmonary emboli after renal transplantation, that careful lymphostasis in the allograft recipient will prevent the development of a lymphocele and, therefore, that the lymph fluid in a lymphocele is derived primarily from the allograft recipient and not from the allograft itself. PMID- 7035695 TI - Peyronie's plaque: excision and graft versus incision and stent. AB - Nineteen patients with Peyronie's plaque unsuccessfully treated conservatively were considered surgical candidates. Although all patients had erections intercourse was functionally difficult to impossible for most. Only 30 per cent of the patients who underwent plaque excision and grafting became sexually functional postoperatively. Placement of penile prostheses appears to be the most secure method to rehabilitate the male patient who has become a sexual cripple secondary to Peyronie's plaque. PMID- 7035696 TI - Coming: a 'Dear Doctor' letter that you may want to ponder. PMID- 7035697 TI - Selected birth defects in relation to caffeine-containing beverages. PMID- 7035698 TI - Survivors of prehospital cardiac arrest. PMID- 7035699 TI - Some Creutzfeldt-Jakob cases more like kuru. PMID- 7035700 TI - Hermann Johannes Pfannenstiel. PMID- 7035701 TI - Christian Fred Louis Leipoldt. PMID- 7035702 TI - Making optimum use of the microbiology laboratory. I. Use of the laboratory. PMID- 7035703 TI - Absolute granulocyte, lymphocyte, and moncyte counts. Useful determinants of prognosis for patients with metastatic cancer of the stomach. AB - Pretreatment absolute granulocyte (less than 6,000/cu mm), lymphocyte (greater than 1,500/cu mm), and monocyte (300 to 900/cu mm) counts are three independent indicators of good prognosis for patients with metastatic gastric cancer. There tests improve the prediction of survival significantly compared with estimates based on ambulatory status alone. If the patient is completely ambulatory, median survival (MS) is 27.6 weeks, and it improves further to 37.6 weeks if results of two hematology tests indicate a good prognosis. If the patient is partially ambulatory, MS is 16.2 weeks; however, if results of two blood tests indicate a good prognosis, MS is 25.7 weeks, and if two tests indicate a poor prognosis, MS is only 11.1 weeks. The model corrected a false assessment of a poor prognosis for 56% of all patients. PMID- 7035704 TI - Physician's personal in-flight medical kit. PMID- 7035705 TI - Results are better when patients control their own analgesia. PMID- 7035706 TI - No agreement on diets for 'hyperactive' kids. PMID- 7035707 TI - Propranolol's antimigraine action long term for some. PMID- 7035708 TI - The four horsemen of the apocalypse. Study of academic medical center governance. AB - Governance of academic medical centers is in a process of change. This essay reviews some of the historical factors that have affected the present status of academic medical center governance and describes the functions of the four individuals who are most involved in the operation of academic medical centers: vice-presidents for health affairs, deans of relationships between these four individuals are analyzed, and points of conflict are identified. Some suggestion about how these individuals can work together more effectively are made. PMID- 7035709 TI - St Bernard of Menton. PMID- 7035710 TI - [Outpatient anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035711 TI - [Clinical effect of reduced glutathione on acute circulatory failure (shock syndrome) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035712 TI - [Recent findings in the history of anesthesiology (15)--James Young Simpson]. PMID- 7035713 TI - [Influence of cervical epidural anesthesia on glucose disappearance and insulin secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035714 TI - [Distribution and changes of antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from clinical samples. I (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035715 TI - [Structure and action of staphylococcal alpha-toxin and leukocidin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035716 TI - [Present status of infectious diseases in People's Republic of China: the epidemiology and prophylaxis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035717 TI - [Induction and bacteriological characteristics of group A streptococcal L-forms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035718 TI - [Repressibility of different carbon sources on extracellular protease production in Vibrio parahaemolyticus; correlation to growth rates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035719 TI - [Differentiation and maturation of human leukemic cells: consideration from in vitro colony growth (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035720 TI - [Biochemistry of heparin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035721 TI - [The production of antibodies to an extracellular keratinase of microsporum canis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035722 TI - [Effect of branched chain amino acids infusion on serum glucose level in cirrhotics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035723 TI - [The dynamic property of insulin secretion from the isolated rat pancreatic islets--analysis with the aid of control theory (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035724 TI - [Diagnostic significance of plasma renin activity in hypertensive outpatients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035725 TI - [Studies on the fibrinolytic therapy in patients with various renal diseases. Clinical effects of urokinase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035726 TI - Central mechanisms of fenfluramine and related anorectic drugs. PMID- 7035727 TI - Regulation of the IgE response. PMID- 7035728 TI - Reactivity of gastric cancer patients in leucocyte migration inhibition tests to 3M KCl extracts from gastric tumor. AB - Leucocytes from patients with gastric cancer and other malignant and non malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract as well as from healthy controls were tested for leucocyte migration inhibition test (LMI) using five different, allogeneic 3M KCl soluble extracts from gastric cancer tissues. The normal range of migration index (MI) was considered to be between 0.77 and 1.18 by calculating the mean MI +/- 2SD of ten healthy controls with cancer extracts. MIs out of this range were considered to be pathologic. In LMI test with a single tumor extract, pathologic MI was found in 48% of 79 gastric cancer patients, such being significantly higher than in those (4-21%) of three other groups of patients. In the panel mode of LMI, i.e., testing each blood sample with five different tumor extracts, 79% (62/79) of patients with gastric cancer were reactive, while 25% (5/20) of colorectal cancer patients showed "positive" reaction and no "positive" reactivity was observed in two other groups of patients. Thus, the "positive" reactivity in patients with gastric cancer was observed significantly higher than those in the other 3 groups of patients. Gastric cancer extracts had a wide range of cross-reactivity when compared with colorectal tumor extracts which showed a relatively restricted cross-reactivity. Thus, the LMI tests, particularly when tested by a panel mode, seems to express cell-mediated immunity against tumor associated antigens of gastric cancer. PMID- 7035729 TI - Possible physiological advantages of parietal cell vagotomy. AB - Parietal cell vagotomy (PCV) without drainage is associated with the lowest mortality of any operation currently being widely used for the elective treatment of duodenal ulcer. There are fewer gastrointestinal complaints of the type observed after more orthodox gastric operations. Diarrhea and dumping may occur after PCV in approximately 5 percent of patients, and when these complaints do occur they are milder and more easily controlled than after other types of operation. This improvement is attributed to retention of the peristaltic action of the antrum and an intact pyloric sphincter, which together, permit gastric emptying that is more normal than that which occurs with any other gastric procedure. There is insufficient evidence to indicate that retention of antral innervation exerts an inhibitory or a stimulatory effect on acid secretion which would be either beneficial or detrimental to the duodenal ulcer patients. The acid secretory rates are reduced effectively by PCV and equal the reductions that follow truncal vagotomy and drainage. Acid secretory rates increase during the first postoperative year and then remain rather constant with time. This observation and the reports that the rate of recurrent ulcers after 2 to 4 years follow-up is two to four percent, suggests that PCV is a highly effective procedure. PMID- 7035730 TI - [The clinical significance of free water clearance patterns as indices of acute renal allograft rejection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035731 TI - [Immunochemistry of tubercle bacilli, with special reference to adjuvant activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035732 TI - [Prostaglandins and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7035733 TI - [Urinary kallikrein excretion in primary arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7035734 TI - [New hypotensive drugs]. PMID- 7035735 TI - [Use of echocardiography in diagnosing heart failure in the acute stage of myocardial infarct]. AB - The authors studied prognostic criteria and early diagnosis of cardiac insufficiency during the acute period of myocardial infarction. 44 patients with macrofocal myocardial infarction were examined during the acute phase. Phase analysis of time intervals of the cardiac cycle and a number of integral indices reflecting the contractile and pumping function of the myocardium came under scrutiny. It is established that the indices can be used for the diagnosis of circulatory insufficiency in the acute period of myocardial infarction and also for prognosis of the severity of the disease. PMID- 7035736 TI - [Current problems of acute heart failure]. PMID- 7035737 TI - [Interesting and amusing notes from Karl Stolte's works]. PMID- 7035738 TI - [On the centenary of the birth of Karl Stolte]. PMID- 7035739 TI - Light and electron microscopic investigations of the pancreatic endocrine portion of the Japanese serow. PMID- 7035740 TI - A study on experimental keratoconjunctivitis shigellosa. PMID- 7035741 TI - Bacteriological and epidemiological approaches to the prophylaxis of enteric infection. VI. In vitro studies on the mechanism of acquired resistance to Shigella flexneri infection (1). PMID- 7035742 TI - Early perceptual strategies for the replication of consonants from polysyllabic lexical models. AB - Perceptual processing strategies for the selection and organization of consonants for early replicas of polysyllabic models were investigated as a related study to the classification of productive strategies (Klein, 1981). The present study investigated the ways in which selected word factors (stress level and serial position of the syllable) provided facilitating cues for the production of polysyllabic words. The original procedure involved collecting a language sample from four children (ages 20-24 months) as each informally interacted with an adult during a play activity that included the manipulation of palpable and picturable objects represented by polysyllabic words. This paper focuses specifically on the perceptual strategies of only two of the four children; each demonstrated equally consistent but dissimilar production patterns. Each child's perceptual strategy is described on the basis of the proportion of instances that his/her consonant replicas could be related with the occurrence of specific word factors. Results revealed that (a) primary stress was an important processing cue for the selection of consonant(s) from 2-syllable words or from longer words containing one major stress, and (b) when two major stress levels occurred in a word, preferences for specific interactions of stress and serial position, as processing cues, appeared to be closely related to the number of syllables a child typically produced. The children, whose productions of the same word were dissimilar, exhibited similar perceptual strategies. PMID- 7035743 TI - Observer agreement on disfluency and stuttering. AB - Groups of undergraduate and graduate student listeners identified the stutterings and disfluencies of eight adult male stutters during videotaped samples of their reading and speaking. Stuttering and disfluency loci were assigned to words or to intervals between words. The data indicated that stuttering and disfluency are not too reliable and unambiguous response classes and are not usually assigned to different, nonoverlapping behaviors. Furthermore, judgments of stuttering and disfluency were distributed similarly across words and intervals. For both undergraduate and graduate student listeners, there was relatively low unit-by unit agreement among listeners and within the same listeners from one judgment session to another. PMID- 7035744 TI - A new method for heterotopic cardiac transplantation in the dog. PMID- 7035745 TI - Diamminodichloroplatinum combination chemotherapy in non-oat cell carcinoma of the lung. AB - A comparison is made between four different but similar approaches to the chemotherapy of 250 patients with nonoat cell bronchogenic carcinoma of the lung. Combination chemotherapy, particularly in regimen where platinum is included, provided no significant advantages over single agent chemotherapy. Side effects attributed to platinum tend to distract from any modest therapeutic gains achieved through its use. Responses rates were not significantly increased through use of platinum in the chemotherapy combination reported in this study. PMID- 7035746 TI - The application of tissue adhesives in small bowel anastomoses. AB - One layer everted end-to-end anastomosis was performed on the small bowel of mongrel dogs. Cultures of Serratia marcescens were injected into the lumen. Twenty-four hours later the animals were reexplored, and peritoneal cultures were observed. In animals where Fibrin Seal (consisting of fibrinogen, cold insoluble globulin, factor XIII, platelet growth factor, antiplasmin, thrombin, and calcium chloride) was applied to the suture line, negative cultures were found except for two experiments in which dehiscence or contamination from the Serratia injection site occurred. PMID- 7035747 TI - Attempts to bypass the need for splenectomy in splenic injury. AB - Within the last decade spleen salvage has been a controversial issue. Only recently, with the advances and utilization of modern technology in surgery, spurred by a better understanding of this immunologically important organ, preservation has become a reality. Numerous approaches have been suggested. Reported is a simple method of applying a new agent, Fibrin Seal (FS), to control hemorrhage from splenic injury. In a controlled study using 14 mongrel dogs, it is compared to the hemostatic ability of cryoprecipitate with thrombin and Avitene. FS is an adhesive material with hemostatic qualities consisting of fibrinogen, factor XIII, antiplasmin, cold-insoluble globulin, and platelet growth factor. FS appears to have cohesive and adhesive properties that result in more efficient hemostasis than the controls. FS conforms to the spleen surface, allowing manipulation of the organ without dislodgement of the coagulum. Follow up laparotomy showed minimal tissue reaction. On the basis of these data, consideration of FS as an important hemostatic agent warrants clinical investigation. PMID- 7035748 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the skin: a case report. AB - A middle-aged man presented with an ulcerated nodule of the right posterior thigh that was histologically evaluated as leiomyosarcoma of the skin. A wide excision of the tumor was followed by split-thickness skin grafting. Leiomyosarcomas of the skin and subcutaneous tissue are rare tumors, usually occurring in the proximal lower extremities. The treatment of choice is a wide local excision with a 3- to 5-cm margin including the subcutaneous tissue and fascia. The defect is covered by a split-thickness skin graft. PMID- 7035749 TI - Implantation of an intracerebral cannula in the mouse. AB - A technique for implanting a permanent stainless steel cannula into the lateral ventricles of mice is described. The model is of particular interest because it permits study of the behavioral effects of acute or repeated administrations of substances in the brains of conscious mice. The method can be used for injection into parenchymal structures. A study of dexamphetamine effects on body temperature is presented to demonstrate the use of this technique. PMID- 7035750 TI - Various uses of the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis L.). A review. AB - The ancient and modern medicinal uses of the castor bean plant, Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae), in about fifty countries worldwide, has been surveyed. The different medicinal uses are grouped separately in relation to their pharmacological action, whether real or presumed, within the various medical specialties. The results show an extensive use of this plant throughout the world and the authors suggest that further research should be carried out to determine the active principles present in the various parts of the plant. PMID- 7035751 TI - The mushroom and the water lily: literary and pictorial evidence for Nymphaea as a ritual psychotogen in Mesoamerica. AB - In reconstructing early uses of psychotogens in Mesoamerica, mushrooms have occupied the attention of botanists and anthropologists almost the exclusion of other plant motifs. Not all the images and literary fragments extant lend themselves to mycological interpretation. Some authors have interpreted the peltate leaves and flower buds of the psychotogen Nymphaea ampla as being green mushrooms and/or stalked sea shells. The context of presentation, information on the water lily in Maya antiquity, and recent information on the chemistry of this white water lily suggest that we must reassess the role of Nymphaea ampla. In a reevaluation of these ancient literary and iconographic sources, it would seem that both mushrooms and water lilies emerge as important ritual psychotogens. While the contextual use of mushrooms is well known, the water lily has been largely ignored. This presentation provides some perspective on both of these important New World narcotics. PMID- 7035752 TI - Presidential address. An overview of thirty years of thoracic surgery. PMID- 7035753 TI - Cardiac transplantation in perspective for the future. Survival, complications, rehabilitation, and cost. AB - Two hundred twenty-seven cardiac transplant procedures have been performed in 206 patients from January, 1968, to April, 1981. Postoperative survival rates, calculated by the actuarial method for program years 1968 to 1973 (66 patients), are 44%, 33%, 27%, 21%, and 18% at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years after transplantation, respectively. Postoperative survival rates for program years 1974 to 1981 (140 patients) are 63%, 55%, 51, 44%, and 39% at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years after transplantation, respectively. This increase results primarily from improvement in survival achieved in the first 3 postoperative months (59% +/- 7%, 1968 to 1973, versus 80% +/- 40%, 1974 to 1980), reflecting improved patient management. Infection remains the primary cause of death following transplantation (76/131 patients, 58%), followed by acute rejection (24/181, 18.3%), graft arteriosclerosis (14/131, 10.7%), and malignancy (6/131, 4.6%). The development of graft arteriosclerosis has been examined in 85 one-year survivors studied by annual coronary arteriograms. Coronary lesions of varying severity have developed in 21 patients. HLA-A2 incompatibility was associated with a higher incidence of graft arteriosclerosis than was apparent for all other A locus incompatibilities (p less than 0.0003). Lymphoma has been shown to be associated with younger recipient age, a primary disease diagnosis of idiopathic cardiomyopathy, and retransplantation. One hundred six patients have survived at least 1 year after transplantation; 97% were in NYHA Class 1 at that time interval and 82% returned to employment or activity of choice. The longest survival time is new 11 years, 3 months. Cardiac transplantation can be considered "reasonable and therapeutic treatment to extend life" in selected individuals. PMID- 7035754 TI - Prostacyclin infusion during extracorporeal circulation foe coronary bypass. AB - The effects of prostacyclin on whole blood platelet count, blood coagulation factors, and postoperative bleeding were investigated in 20 patients undergoing aorta-coronary bypass. Eleven patients received heparin 2 mg/kg and prostacyclin 50 ng/kg/min during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Nine patients received only heparin 3 mg/kg. CPB was by roller pump and bubble oxygenator primed with Ringer's acetate. Hypothermia to 28 degrees C was induced. In the control group, platelet count, corrected for hemodilution, was 70% +/- 15% (mean +/- SD) of pre CPB value after 30 minutes of bypass and remained at this level 1 hour after CPB. In the prostacyclin group, the platelet count after 30 minutes was 85% +/- 17%, after 120 minutes 111% +/- 20%, and 1 hour after CPB 92% +/- 17%. There was a significant difference between the groups (p less than 0.05) from 60 minutes of CPB up to 1 hour after CPB. Prostacyclin allowed reduction of the heparin dosage while retaining anticoagulation as measured by activated coagulation time (ACT), fibrinopeptide A, and fibrinogen determinations. The ACT was more than 900 seconds in the prostacyclin group after 30 minutes of CPB, as compared to 523 +/- 118 seconds (p less than 0.05) in the control group. This difference diminished later during CPB. In the prostacyclin group, arterial blood pressure was 30 mm Hg or less during the first hour of CPB and the systemic vascular resistance was half of that in the control group. All patients survived. There were no clinical signs of neurologic damage. Postoperative bleeding was 352 +/- 61 ml in the prostacyclin group and 550 +/- 338 ml (NS) in the control group. PMID- 7035755 TI - Randomized clinical trial of immunotherapy and androgenotherapy for remission maintenance in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 7035756 TI - [Occlusion of partial dentures]. PMID- 7035757 TI - A simple device for injection of small calibrated amounts of horseradish peroxidase into the cerebral cortex. AB - A simple device for injecting horseradish peroxidase into the cerebral cortex is described. It consists of a syringe connected by tubing to a hydraulic adaptor which provides a sealed connection to a disposable glass micropipette. Replaceable micropipettes may be prepared by drawing capillary glass under heat to a fine diameter tip that provides easy penetration into the cortex without dimpling the surface grey matter or damaging the underlying white matter. The hydraulic seal achieved by the adaptor allows volumes of the order of 0.05 microliter to be readily injected into nervous tissue. PMID- 7035758 TI - Two useful techniques in three-dimensional electron microscopy: quarter-micron serial sectioning and stereoscopy. AB - Quarter-micron serial sectioning is a technique useful for 3-D analyses in which light microscopical resolution is not sufficient and the maximal resolution of the electron microscope is not necessary. We propose that the technique described here is advantageous for many current electron microscopic studies in which ultrathin sections are commonly used. In particular, the sections are sturdier; they yield high-contrast images; they contain, per section, more information about the third dimension, information that can be retrieved through stereoscopy; and, when it comes to 3-D reconstruction from serial sections, less sections are needed to reconstruct tissue elements contained in a bloc of a given size. Compared to thicker sections, quarter-micron sections yield images of acceptable readability. PMID- 7035759 TI - Optical sectioning of HRP-stained molluscan neurons. AB - The use of high-resolution differential interference contrast(DIC) microscopy on cleared whole-mounts of the circumesophageal nervous system from Hermissenda crassicornis permits visualization of neuronal morphology in detail without the need for physical sectioning. Such optical sectioning, when preceded by intracellular iontophoresis of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) permits rapid and accurate examination of the arborization of electrically characterized neurons. Details such as varicosities and terminal swellings can readily be resolved. This method has revealed new morphological features of neurons implicated in training specific behavioral modification in Hermissenda, and promises to be of further general use for the quantitative morphometry of electrically identified neurons. PMID- 7035760 TI - A comparative study of EM fixation procedures for the adult rat spinal cord based on regional blood flow. AB - Adult rat spinal cords were perfused intracardially with aldehyde fixatives containing either sodium cacodylate or sodium phosphate buffer for EM studies. The perfusion flow rate of 24 cc/min for the first 3 min and 33 cc/min for completion of prefixation was found to be optimal. Ultrastructural examination of the L-1 fasciculus gracili, dorsal and ventral horns demonstrated that the quality of fixation is similar despite a two- to three-fold greater blood flow rate to the dorsal and ventral horns, respectively. Sodium cacodylate buffered perfusate provides superior clarity of organelle membranes, myelin lamellae and axoplasmic constituents when compared with sodium phosphate buffer. PMID- 7035761 TI - Recent immunohistological findings on the LH-RH neuron system of the rat. PMID- 7035762 TI - Plasma half disappearance time and metabolic clearance rate of exogenous LH-RH in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7035763 TI - The ceremony of conferment of the doctor honoris causa degree at the Nicolaus Copernicus Medical Academy in Krakow on Professor Andrew V. Schally. PMID- 7035764 TI - Patterns of pituitary LH release during sustained stimulation by synthetic LED in cycling female rats. PMID- 7035765 TI - New concepts and methods in the study and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. AB - This paper reviews progress in the use of 24-hour distal esophageal pH monitoring in the study of gastroesophageal reflux. This technique records acid exposure as numbers of reflux episodes and time required by the esophagus to return this acid juice to the stomach. These data afford an opportunity to conceptualize the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease in relation to physiologic activities such as alimentation, sleep, and postural change. This knowledge will enable the clinician to critically focus attention on important issues of patient management and therapy as they relate to the pathophysiology of this disease. PMID- 7035766 TI - Drugs, foods, and other substances in the cause and treatment of reflux esophagitis. PMID- 7035767 TI - Motor disorders of the stomach. PMID- 7035768 TI - The migrating motor complex. PMID- 7035769 TI - The sleeping gut. PMID- 7035770 TI - Large bowel motility disorders. PMID- 7035771 TI - The evaluation of drug efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7035772 TI - [Active uremia care in Skaraborg county in 1974-1975 respective 1979]. PMID- 7035773 TI - [Traumatic liver rupture - current views on surgical treatment]. PMID- 7035774 TI - [Antidepressive agents can cause dental damages in children and adults]. PMID- 7035775 TI - Explorations in industry No. V. The "ministering angel". PMID- 7035776 TI - Drug compliance in the treatment of leprosy. PMID- 7035777 TI - ELISA inhibition technique for the demonstration of sulphones in body fluids. Comparison of two ELISA methods. PMID- 7035778 TI - ELISA inhibition technique for the demonstration of sulphones in body fluids. The use of dried blood on filter paper to monitor leprosy patient compliance. PMID- 7035779 TI - The association of pregnancy and leprosy. II. Pregnancy in dapsone-resistant leprosy. PMID- 7035780 TI - Chromosomes for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using horse-radish peroxidase. PMID- 7035781 TI - Vasopressin treatment of cognitive dysfunction in progressive dementia. PMID- 7035782 TI - Use of the hepatitis B core antigen produced in Escherichia coli in an assay for anti-HBc. PMID- 7035783 TI - [Radionuclide uptake in progeny via the mother's milk]. PMID- 7035784 TI - [Kallikrein and cell proliferation. Review]. PMID- 7035785 TI - [Alcohol. Physiological and clinical aspects]. PMID- 7035786 TI - [Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (1818-1865)]. PMID- 7035787 TI - [Was Semmelweis mentally ill?]. PMID- 7035788 TI - [Changes in blood glucose, insulin, cortisol, growth hormone and glucagon induced by sulfonylures]. PMID- 7035789 TI - [The fresh ski-thumb. Etiology, incidence and treatment based on patient care material of a medium hospital in a skiing area]. PMID- 7035790 TI - [Heparin, streptokinase or surgical therapy in manifest thromboembolic diseases]. PMID- 7035791 TI - Teaching generative grammar to mentally retarded children: A review and analysis of a decade of behavioral research. PMID- 7035792 TI - Polarized absorption and linear dichroism spectroscopy of hemoglobin. PMID- 7035793 TI - Rapid-rate equilibrium analysis of the interactions between organic phosphates and hemoglobins. PMID- 7035794 TI - Design of solvent extraction methods. PMID- 7035795 TI - Chemical depletion of glutathione in vivo. PMID- 7035796 TI - Whole-body autoradiography. PMID- 7035797 TI - Annealing of oligo(dC)-tailed ds cDNA with oligo(dG)-tailed plasmid and transformation of Escherichia coli chi 1776 with recombinant DNA. PMID- 7035798 TI - Pattern recognition in histo-pathology: basic considerations. PMID- 7035799 TI - Posttranslational events in collagen biosynthesis. PMID- 7035800 TI - The Golgi apparatus: protein transport and packaging in secretory cells. PMID- 7035801 TI - Three-dimensional structure of the Golgi apparatus. PMID- 7035802 TI - Steps in the elaboration of collagen by odontoblasts and osteoblasts. PMID- 7035803 TI - Actin filaments and secretion: the macrophage model. PMID- 7035804 TI - The effect of colchicine on the synthesis and secretion of rat serum albumin. PMID- 7035805 TI - The genetics of protein secretion in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7035806 TI - Exocytosis-endocytosis as seen with morphological probes of membrane organization. PMID- 7035807 TI - Analysis of the secretory process in the exocrine pancreas by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7035808 TI - Membrane circulation: an overview. PMID- 7035809 TI - Membrane synthesis and turnover in secretory cell systems. PMID- 7035810 TI - biosynthesis of pre-proparathyroid hormone. PMID- 7035811 TI - Biosynthesis of insulin and glucagon. PMID- 7035812 TI - Synthesis and processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins. PMID- 7035813 TI - Transcription of the E. coli tufB gene: cotranscription with four tRNA genes and inhibition by guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate. AB - The transcription of the tufB gene by purified RNA polymerase holoenzyme was studied using the transducing phage lambda rifd 18 DNA and the hybrid plasmid pTUB1 DNA (Miyajima et al. 1979) as templates. The size of tufB mRNA synthesized in this system was about 1,700 nucleotides, and the same strand as for rrnB was transcribed. By electron microscopic examination of the R-loop formed between lambda fus3 DNA and tufB mRNA synthesized under the direction of pTUB1 DNA, it was found that the untranslated sequence of about 500 nucleotides is at the 5' end of tufB mRNA. The sequencing of the 5' region of tufB mRNA synthesized on the truncated template has revealed that the tufB gene is cotranscribed with its upstream genes for four tRNAs (thrU, tyrU, glyT, and thrT). The synthesis of this mRNA molecule is completely abolished by low concentrations of ppGpp. Neither pppGpp, ppGp, nor pGpp was effective as inhibitor in this cell-free system. PMID- 7035814 TI - The process of general recombination in Escherichia coli K-12: structure of intermediate products. AB - A review of the data on the genetic determination of general recombination in Escherichia coli introduces three alternative pathways of recombination, RecBC, RecF, and RecBCF. One recBC-dependent pathway is functional in recF- cells. An initiating endonuclease is involved, acting on the chi-sites of DNA. The second is recF-dependent, acting in the double mutant recBC sbcB. The corresponding endonuclease uses the fre-sites as a substrate. A third pathway acting in wild type cells is mixed. Both enzymatic systems participate in the overall process. We shall call it RecBCF. Using the thermosensitive recA44 mutant it became possible to study the kinetics of integration of donor DNA into the recipient chromosome via the RecF and RecBCF pathways of recombination. The RecF pathway is characterized by delayed recombination; not less than 14 h being needed to complete the process at 35 degrees C. By the RecBCF pathway (wild-type recipient) the reaction is fast, as described by Lloyd and Johnson (1979). The two stage nature of the RecF pathway is important. First an intermediate product is formed during a short time interval. This product is resistant to the degrading exonuclease V. Afterward the intermediate product is slowly integrated into the recipient chromosome. Autoradiography of this intermediate product, extracted from exconjugants, shows that it consists of closed DNA circles. Their length is within the limits 2--15 min on the E. coli map. Their average value is in fair agreement with genetic estimations of the integrated DNA fragments. Taking into consideration the similarity between genetic determinations of the fre-effects and the heterogeneity of the progeny, we conclude that the intermediate structures formed contribute to this heterogeneity. PMID- 7035815 TI - Isolation and characterization of deletion mutants affected in early genes of bacteriophage phi 80. AB - When Escherichia coli cells that had been irradiated with ultraviolet light were infected with bacteriophage phi 80, five major (pE, pB, pA, pC and pD) and two minor (pU and pV) proteins were found to be synthesized during early stages of infection. The genes coding for the five major proteins were mapped on the phi 80 chromosome using various deletion mutants which lacked the capacity to synthesize some or all the major proteins. The size and positions of all the deletions were determined by gel electrophoresis of EcoRi digests of phage DNA and by electron microscopy of heteroduplexes between DNAs of the deletion and wild-type phage. The five major proteins designated pE(25K), pB(40K), pA(45K), pC(34K) and pD(31K) were shown to be encoded in this order presumably by a single operon that was located at 60.2--67.4% on the phi 80 genome. These proteins were found to be involved in phage recombination. The absence of pE or pB resulted in a Red- phenotype and the absence of three proteins (pE, pB and pA) resulted in a Fec- phenotype. The exact positions of the genes for the minor proteins pU(29K) and pV(26K) have not been determined. PMID- 7035816 TI - Radioprotecting action of chemical compounds on gamma-irradiated yeast cells of various genotypes. AB - The radioprotective efficiency of cysteamine and cysteine has been studied on haploid and diploid, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, wild-type and various X-ray repair deficient rad mutants. The correlation between the radioprotecting action of cysteamine and cell repair capacity was demonstrated for diploid yeasts; such a correlation was not expressed for wild-type and rad mutant haploid yeast cells. It was concluded that the radioprotective action may involve cellular recovery processes, which may be mediated by a recombination-like mechanism, for which the diploid state is required. Liquid holding recovery was shown not to participate in radioprotection, judged by the absence of the influence of cysteine on the delay of the first postradiation budding as well as by the additive action of cysteine and liquid holding recovery. PMID- 7035817 TI - The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent carbohydrate: phosphotransferase system enzymes II as chemoreceptors in chemotaxis of Escherichia coli K 12. AB - In Escherichia coli K12, eight substrate-specific, membrane-bound enzymes II of the PEP-dependent carbohydrate: phosphotransferase system (PTS), specific for hexoses, hexosamines and hexitols, have been characterised in a series of isogenic and constitutive strains. In such mutants, lacking all but one enzyme II, the transport and vectorial phosphorylation activities as well as the chemotactical response in capillary tube assays have been compared. According to the data obtained, all enzymes II not only are directly involved in the transport and vectorial phosphorylation of their substrates, but they have also a primary role as the chemoreceptors for these substrates: (1) Metabolism of the attractant beyond the phosphorylation step is not a pre-requisite to eliciting positive chemotaxis. (2) Mutants, having only one enzyme II react in the capillary tube assay only to substrates of this enzyme II, but not to substrates of the missing enzymes II. This holds for enzymes II consisting of one membrane-bound protein as well as for systems containing a soluble factor III (FIII). (3) The substrate specificities or affinities, whether tested by transport and chemotaxis assays in vivo or by phosphorylation tests in vitro, are in correspondence. (4) The activities of enzymes II, regulated in a complex way at the level of enzyme synthesis and activity and tested as above, are also in agreement, (5) Mutants lacking the soluble proteins enzyme I or HPr of the PTS no longer respond chemotactically to any substrate taken up and phosphorylated by enzymes II. It is concluded that in PTS enzymes II some functions required for transport and chemotaxis are identical. It is suggested furthermore, that the alternation of intrinsic membrane-bound proteins between a phosphorylated and a dephosphorylated state, rather than binding of the substrate to the enzyme II, is the decisive stimulus in the chemotaxis toward carbohydrates taken up by these transport systems. PMID- 7035818 TI - Altered transcriptional termination in a rifampicin-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli which inhibits the growth of bacteriophage T7. AB - A spontaneous rifampicin-resistant mutant of E. coli K12, RpoB26, which inhibits the growth of bacteriophage T7 has been isolated. The mutation is an RNA polymerase mutation; it also restores the wild-type effect of polar mutations in a rho-deficient strain, probably by restoring transcriptional termination. The efficiency of plating (e.o.p.) of wild-type T7, and of some early region deletion and point mutants of T7 tested, is reduced on RpoB26 by a factor of 10(-4). However, some deletion mutants are inhibited more severely (up to 10(-7) on RpoB26. We argue that these differences may reflect variations in the frequency of transcriptional termination before gene 1, an essential gene which codes for the T7 RNA polymerase (Summers and Siegel 1970; Chamberlin et al. 1970). We also present data which suggest that the product of a late T7 gene plays a role, by some interaction with the product of gene 1, in the inhibition of T7 in RpoB26. We suggest that different levels of expression of gene 1 may lead to different degrees of inhibition of T7 strains in RpoB26. PMID- 7035819 TI - Synergistic action of genetic and phenotypic suppression of nonsense mutations in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - It was found that the phenotypic suppression induced by the paromamine-containing antibiotic paromomycin could be significantly strengthened by a ribosomal suppressor mutation in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As a result the suppressor efficient towards ochre mutations in the presence of paromomycin acquired the ability to suppress both amber and opal mutations. It is suggested that phenotypic suppression by paromomycin and genotypic suppression by sup 1 both involve a similar mechanism of misreading. PMID- 7035820 TI - Constriction of a fused operon consisting of the recA and kan (kanamycin resistance) genes and regulation of its expression by the lexA gene. AB - The kanamycin resistance gene (kan) of transposon Tn5 was cloned into a derivative of plasmid pBR322. A DNA fragment containing the promoter-operator region of the recA gene was inserted into the promoter region of the cloned kan gene to produce a fused operon, recA-kan. Plasmid pMCR685 carrying recA-kan expressed a low level of activity of the kan gene product (kanamycin phosphotransferase; KPT) in the wild-type cells of Escherichia coli, while the plasmid showed an increased level of the activity in the SPr- mutant cells which produce the inactive lexA protein. The KPT activity in the wild-type cells harboring the plasmid increased 6- to 11-fold upon treatment of the cells with mitomycin C or nalidixic acid, both of which are known to induce synthesis of recA protein. Expression of the recA-kan operon fusion was remarkably repressed by the lexA gene cloned into a plasmid carrying the operon fusion. Higher concentrations of mitomycin C were required for maximal induction of KPT activity in the cells harboring the resulting plasmid pMCR687. These results strongly suggest that the lexA gene product can be itself repress the recA gene, and that pMCR687 is a useful vector to clone genes whose expression is harmful to the host cell growth. PMID- 7035821 TI - Effect of recB21, uvrD3, lexA101 and recF143 mutations on ultraviolet radiation sensitivity and genetic recombination in delta uvrB strains of Escherichia coli K 12. AB - The interaction of the recB21, uvrD3, lexA101, and recF143 mutations on UV radiation sensitization and genetic recombination was studied in isogenic strains containing all possible combinations of these mutations in a delta uvrB genetic background. The relative UV radiation sensitivities of the multiply mutant strains in the delta uvrB background were: recF recB lexA greater than recF recB uvrD lexA, recF recB uvrD greater than recA greater than recF uvrD lexA greater than recF recB, recF uvrD greater than recF lexA greater than recB uvrD lexA greater than recB uvrD greater than recB lexA, lexA uvrD greater than recB greater than lexA, uvrD greater than recF; three of these strains were more UV radiation sensitive than the uvrB recA strain. There was no correlation between the degree of radiation sensitivity and the degree of deficiency in genetic recombination. An analysis of the survival curves revealed that the recF mutation interacts synergistically with the recB, uvrD, and lexA mutations in UV radiation sensitization, while the recB, uvrD, and lexA mutations appear to interact additively with each other. We interpret these data to suggest that there are two major independent pathways for postreplication repair; one is dependent on the recF gene, and the other is dependent on the recB, uvrD, and lexA genes. PMID- 7035822 TI - Characterization of the transmission during cytoductant formation of the 2 micrometers DNA plasmid from Saccharomyces. AB - The transmission of the yeast 2 micrometers DNA plasmid has been examined in heterokaryons formed between a haploid donor cell containing the plasmid and a haploid recipient cell lacking the plasmid. Strains lacking the plasmid were mated to donor strains and cytoductants, haploid exconjugants arising from heterokaryons, were selected. The cytoductants bearing the genotype of the recipient cells were then tested for the presence of 2 micrometers DNA. The frequency with which the recipient received plasmid copies varied between 0 and 46%. This frequency depended on the recipient strain but was not highly dependent on whether or not the donor strain carried a kar1 mutation. Exceptional cytoductants, which had acquired a chromosome from the mating partner, were examined and found to have a much greater probability of acquiring plasmid DNA than cytoductants in general. This correlation supports the contention that plasmid copies are associated with the nucleus. In one mating the donor strain contained nearly equal amounts of two physically distinct plasmid types. Of the cytoductants bearing the recipient genotype which had acquired the plasmid during mating, most contained only one of the two plasmid types present in the donor. Analysis of this result using a Poisson distribution indicates that the average number of plasmid copies transmitted between nuclei of a heterokaryon is 0.2. PMID- 7035823 TI - RNA polymerase is required for DNA initiation in vitro. AB - We have previously reported in vitro complementation assays for chromosome initiation that enable dnaA and dnaC mutant extracts to synthesize DNA. To examine the role of RNA polymerase in chromosome initiation, inhibitors of the enzyme and anti-RNA polymerase antibody were used. Though rifampicin failed to efficiently inhibit ribonucleoside triphosphate polymerization under the assay conditions, both streptolydigin and anti-RNA polymerase antibody abolished ribonucleic acid synthesis completely. Antibody effectively inhibited chromosome initiation in the dnaA mutant based reaction but streptolydigin did not. Neither streptolydigin nor antibody affected the dnaC-dependent assay. It was concluded that RNA polymerase is required for initiation but not necessarily to polymerize a polyribonucleotide. A scheme for the sequence of initiation events is presented. PMID- 7035824 TI - Genetic and biochemical characterization of mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae blocked in six different steps of heme biosynthesis. AB - Heme-deficient mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been isolated from two isogenic strains with the use of an enrichment method based on photodynamic properties of Zn-protoporphyrin. They defined seven non-overlapping complementation groups. A mutant representative of each group was further analysed. Genetic analysis showed that each mutant carried a single nuclear recessive mutations. Biochemical studies showed that the observed accumulation and/or excretion of the different heme synthesis precursors by the mutant cells correlated well with the enzymatic deficiencies measured in acellular extracts. Six of the seven mutants were blocked in a different enzyme activity: 5 aminolevulinate synthase, porphobilinogen synthase, uroporphyrinogen I synthase, uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, coproporphyrinogen III oxidase and ferrochelatase. The other mutant had the same phenotype as the mutant deficient in ferrochelatase activity. However, it possessed a normal ferrochelatase activity when measured in vitro, so this mutant was assumed to be deficient in protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity or in the transport and/or reduction of iron. The absence of PBG synthesis led to a total lack of uroporphyrinogen I synthase activity. The absence of heme, the end product, led to an important increase of coproporphyrinogen III oxidase activity, while the activity of 5-aminolevulinate synthase, the first enzyme of the pathway, was not changed. These results are discussed in terms of possible modes of regulation of heme synthesis pathway in yeast. PMID- 7035825 TI - Surface exclusion between F' plasmids in strains of Escherichia coli K-12 carrying a dnaB mutation, in the presence or absence of bacteriophage genomes providing a dnaB analog function. AB - In a set of isogenic strains, three out of four different dnaB(ts) mutations reduced surface exclusion between F' plasmids. In further studies with a strain carrying one of these mutations (dnaB43), surface exclusion remained reduced in the presence of a recombinant plasmid carrying only the region of F that encodes the surface exclusion proteins TraSp and TraTp. The dnaB analog specified by bacteriophage P1 but not that specified by P7 increased the surface excluding ability of the strain carrying dnaB43 to the same level as the isogenic dnaB+ strain. The possible role of the dnaB gene in surface exclusion is discussed. PMID- 7035826 TI - Mitotic recombination: mismatch correction and replicational resolution of Holliday structures formed at the two strand stage in Saccharomyces. AB - In a preliminary report (Esposito 1978), evidence was presented which showed that heteroallelic recombination resulting in prototrophic colonies occurs at the 2 strand stage. A model utilizing replicative resolution of Holliday structures was proposed to explain how gene conversion at the 2-strand stage can result in exchange of outside markers. The object of the experiments reported herein was to present detailed genetic evidence for 2-strand recombination. In addition, we examined the features of mitotic recombination with respect to symmetry, length and polarity of heteroduplexes in wild type strains (REM1/REM1) and in strains bearing the hyper-recombination mutation rem1-1. To do this, we constructed strains so that prototrophs arising from heteroallelic recombination and recombinant for outside markers were detected by visual inspection. By analyzing these colonies genetically, we have inferred several features of mitotic recombination which distinguish it from its meiotic counterpart. Firstly, mitotic heteroduplexes are often symmetric while meiotic heteroduplexes are almost exclusively asymmetric. Secondly, heteroduplexes tend to be longer in mitosis that in meiosis. Thirdly, unlike meiotic conversion, mitotic conversion does not show strong polarity. Recombination in strains homozygous for the rem1-1 mutation also takes place at the 2-strand stage. The rem1-1 mutation, however, appears to alter the features of mismatch correction. PMID- 7035827 TI - In vivo synthesis of a polycistronic messenger RNA for the ribosomal proteins L11, L1, L10 and L7/12 in Escherichia coli. AB - Sucrose density gradient centrifugation and DNA/RNA hybridization have been used to analyse the mRNA synthesized from the ribosomal protein - RNA polymerase subunits gene cluster rplKAJL-rpoBC in Escherichia coli. DNA/RNA hybrids obtained from total E. coli RNA and specific DNA restriction fragments from this chromosomal area were further subjected to endonuclease S1 digestion. This analysis permits the mapping of the ends of mRNA molecules for specific genes or operons by sizing the S1 resistant hybrids. Our results show that the predominant mRNA synthesized under conditions of balanced growth from the rplKAJL-rpoBC region codes for the four ribosomal proteins L11, L1, L10 and L7/12. This tetracistronic mRNA puts the transcription of the following rpoBC genes under the main control of the L11 promoter. Smaller distinct mRNA species could also be detected by this technique. They originate from intercistronic transcription termination and re-initiation as well as from processing of the larger polycistronic mRNA. PMID- 7035828 TI - Isolation of Physarum DNA segments that support autonomous replication in yeast. AB - Hybrid plasmids containint the bacterial resistance-transfer factor pBR322 and the yeast leu2+ gene have been used to isolate DNA fragments of Physarum that are capable of initiating DNA replication in a yeast host. Five of forty hybrid plasmids containint Physarum sequences transform leu2- yeast to Leu+ at high frequency. The resulting Leu+ transformants are characterized by phenotypic instability. Supercoiled plasmid molecules containing pBR322 sequences can be detected in the transformed yeast, indicating that the transforming DNA replicates autonomously. Plasmid DNA isolated from Leu+ yeast can transform leuB bacteria. The hybrid plasmid recovered from the Leu+ bacterial transformants is identical to the original plasmid, indicating structural integrity is maintained during passage through the yeast host. These hybrid plasmids containing Physarum sequences have the same characteristics as those containing autonomously replicating yeast chromosomal sequences. As the temporal sequence of DNA replication is particularly accessible to study in Physarum plasmodia, the functional significance of these segments should be amenable to study. PMID- 7035829 TI - Deletion map of the Escherichia coli K-12 dnaB gene. PMID- 7035830 TI - Protein H encoded by plasmid Clo DF13 involved in lysis of the bacterial host. II. Functions and regulation of synthesis of the gene H product. AB - We studied the expression of gene H, located between 9.3% and 11% on the CLo DF13 genome, as well as the functions of the gene product. We found that treatment of bacterial cells with mitomycin-C results in the induced synthesis of three Clo DF13 specified proteins namely cloacin DF13, immunity protein and protein H. Evidence was obtained that the genes encoding these proteins form one, mitomycin C induceable, operon; the promoter at 32% in front of the cloacin gene is essential for the induced expression. Furthermore we could demontrate that protein H is involved in the lethal effect of mitomycin-C treatment of bacteriocinogenic cells. The data in this paper show that a high concentration of protein H in cells, due either to an induced expression of gene H (mitomycin-C induction) or to a gene dosage effect (Clo DF13 copl Ts copy control mutant), results in the lysis of bacterial cells. The implication of these data are discussed. PMID- 7035831 TI - Repair and plasmid R46 mediated mutation requires inducible functions in Proteus mirabilis. AB - In Proteus mirabilis nalidixic acid or a predose of UV induce Rec protein formation, a portion of post-UV replication repair and "post-UV replication enhancement." These inducible functions are not significantly affected by the plasmid R46, which renders P. mirabilis efficiently UV-mutable. The R46-mediated UV induction of rif mutations requires additional inducible functions, as existing after nalidixic acid treatment in rec+ strains. After a nalidixic acid pretreatment UV efficient induction of rif mutations occurs without an otherwise obligatory period of post-UV incubation prior to plating on rifampicin agar. THe inducible character of this "qualification" of plasmid R46-mediated UV mutagenesis in P. mirabilis is evident from the inhibitory effects of chloramphenicol and starvation. Constitutive high-level synthesis of Rec protein in cells harboring the recombinant (multi-copy) rec+ plasmid pPM1 reduced plasmid R46-mediated UV mutagenesis, probably by preventing (inducible?) functions required by the plasmid R46 repair-mutator. PMID- 7035832 TI - Glutamine auxotrophs with mutations in a nitrogen regulatory gene, ntrC, that is near glnA. AB - Some mutations to glutamine auxotrophy in the 86 unit region of the Salmonella chromosome lie within the nitrogen regulatory gene, ntrC, rather than the structural gene encoding glutamine synthetase, glnA, Assignment of mutations to ntrC is based on fine structure mapping by P22-mediated transduction and on complementation analysis. Strains with ntrC lesions that cause glutamine auxotrophy (NtrCrepressor) have very low levels of glutamine synthetase (lower than those of strains that completely lack ntrC function and comparable to those of strains that lack ntrA function). NtrCrep strains fail to increase synthesis of glutamine synthetase or several amino acid transport components under nitrogen limiting conditions. Thus, like ntrA strains, they appear to repress glnA transcription and fail to activate transcription of glnA or other nitrogen controlled genes. Mutations that suppress the glutamine requirement caused by NtrCrep lesions arise at high frequency; these mutations also suppress the glutamine requirement caused by ntrA lesions. Several suppressor mutations result in loss of function of ntrC. PMID- 7035833 TI - Effects of reduced amount of RNA polymerase sigma factor on gene expression and growth of Escherichia coli: studies of the rpoD450 (amber) mutation. AB - A mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 carrying an amber mutation (rpoD40) in the structural gene for RNA polymerase sigma factor and a temperature-sensitive amber suppressor (supF-Ts6) grows virtually normally at 30 degrees C, but does not grow at 42 degrees C due to the inability to synthesize sigma polypeptides (Osawa, T. and Yura, T., Mol Gen Genet 180, 293 - 300, 1980). When the mutant cells are transferred from 30 to 42 degrees C, the cellular amount of sigma relative to total protein is found to decrease from 50% (at 30 degrees C) to 10% of the wild type level after about 2 h. The decrease of sigma is accompanied by a gradual decrease in RNA and protein syntheses and a sudden loss of viability. At the highest temperature (36 degrees C) that permits steady growth of this mutant, the amount of sigma and the growth rate become 6% and 50 to 60% of the wild type, respectively. These results suggest that the minimum level of sigma required for growth is 0.02 to 0.04 in terms of molar ratio of sigma to core enzyme, that is 6 to 10% of the wild type. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins synthesized under the reduced sigma level reveals either markedly increased or decreased syntheses of several polypeptides, while no detectable effect is observed in the majority of polypeptides. Notably, the synthesis of a set of major heat-shock polypeptides is greatly enhances. Hence, the decrease of RNA polymerase holoenzyme relative to the core enzyme seems to affect the synthesis of individual proteins differentially, primarily at the level of transcription. The expression of the groE operon, one of the major heat-inducible operons in E. coli is also studied in some detail. PMID- 7035834 TI - Interplasmidic and intraplasmidic recombination in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The construction of plasmids which facilitate the study of interplasmidic and intraplasmidic recombination is described. In this system, a single recombination event between two mutated Tcr genes on separate plasmids or on one plasmid leads to a change in the host phenotype from sensitivity to resistance to tetracycline. Recombination proficiencies have been determined for different E. coli K-12 strains: both interplasmidic and intraplasmidic recombination are independent of the recBC gene product. RecA mutations decrease the proficiency of plasmidic recombination 40 - 100 fold. Intraplasmidic and interplasmidic recombination via the recE pathway are more efficient than via the recBC pathway. Intraplasmidic recombination, but not interplasmidic recombination via the recE pathway is independent of a functional recA product. PMID- 7035835 TI - Cloning and the nucleotide sequence of the genes for Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins L28 (rpmB) and L33 (rpmG). AB - The specialized transducing bacteriophage lambda dpyrE DNA was used as a source of DNA to clone two ribosomal protein genes rpmB (L28) and rpmG (L33) on the cloning vehicle pACYC184. Using one of these plasmids, the nucleotide sequence of these two genes and their flanking regions were determined. The amino acid sequences of both proteins deduced from the nucleotide sequences match with the amino acid sequences previously determined, with one exception. The nucleotide sequences suggest that these two ribosomal protein genes are cotranstribed. There was no expression of the second gene of the operon, rpmG, in the absence of the 5' sequences adjacent to the first gene, rpmB. Observation of the structure of mRNA also strongly supports the idea that rpmB and rpmG are in a single transcription unit whose order is: rpmBp-rpmB-rpmG-rpmGt. PMID- 7035836 TI - An antibiotic dependent conditional lethal mutant with a lesion affecting transcription and translation. AB - A conditioned lethal mutant of E. coli was isolated which required the presence of either the RNA polymerase targeted antibiotic, rifampicin, or the ribosomally targeted antibiotic, kasugamycin, for survival. This mutant was characterised. The locus of the mutation responsible for the antibiotic dependent phenotype, ridA, was mapped at about 70.5 min on the chromosomal linkage map, between argR and fabE. The mutant was investigated as a candidate for a strain with a lesion in some cellular component acting on both RNA polymerase and the ribosome. A close interaction with RNA polymerase was evident from the interplay arising from the combination of ridA and various rpoB mutations as manifested in the phenotype. The ability of kasugamycin, but not other ribosomally targeted aminoglycoside antibiotics, to relieve the lethality due to the ridA mutation was an indication of the specificity in the interaction of the ridA gene product with the ribosome. PMID- 7035837 TI - A carbon catabolite repression mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with elevated hexokinase activity: evidence for regulatory control of hexokinase PII synthesis. AB - Mutants were investigated that had elevated hexokinase activity and had been isolated previously as resistant to carbon catabolite repression (Zimmermann and Scheel 1977). They were allele tested with mutant strains of Lobo and Maitra (1977), which had defects in one or more of the genes coding for glucokinase and unspecific hexokinases. It was shown, that the mutation abolishing carbon catabolite repression had occurred in a gene that was not allelic to any of the structural genes coding for hexokinases. This indicated that a regulatory defect was responsible for elevated hexokinase activity. This agreed with observations that hexokinase activities were like wild-type during growth on non-fermentable carbon sources in hex2 mutants. Recombination between the mutant allele hex2 and mutant alleles hxk1 and hxk2, coding for hexokinase PI and PII respectively, clearly demonstrated that only hexokinase PII was elevated in hex2 mutants. When hex2 mutant cells grown on YEP ethanol were shifted to YEP glucose media, hexokinase activity increased after 30 min. This increase depended on de novo protein synthesis. hex2 mutants provide evidence, that carbon catabolite repression and synthesis of hexokinase PII are under common regulatory control. PMID- 7035838 TI - Expression of streptococcal plasmid-determined resistance to erythromycin and lincomycin in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7035839 TI - Studies on protease from marine bacteria. 1 Isolation of marine Pseudomonas sp 145-2 and purification of protease. AB - Marine Pseudomonas strain 145-2 having the ability to produce extracellular protease was isolated from Uwa sea water, Ehime prefecture in Japan. This strain grows at 0 degrees - 37 degrees C, but protease production was observed only during 6-10 h cultivation at 20 degrees - 30 degrees C, when casein, as the nitrogen and carbon source in a concentration of 0.5-1.0%, was used. Maximum production of protease by the strain was also observed. Na, K, Ca and Mg ions were needed for growth and production of protease. Two extracellular proteases (proteases I and II) were purified from the culture supernatant by ammonium sulphate fractionation following Sephadex gel chromatography. Protease I had a larger molecular weight than protease II. After purification, proteases I and II were revealed as homogeneous by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 7035841 TI - Instructional technology for the '90's. PMID- 7035840 TI - On the uptake of nystatin by Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3. Electrochemistry of the yeast cell surface. AB - The electrophoretic behaviour of fresh and liquid nitrogen stored inocula of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied as a function of pH, ionic strength, buffer composition, growth temperature of the inoculum, number of washings of the inoculum prior to electrophoretic investigation, growth medium used in the preparation of the inoculum, interaction of the inoculum with nystatin, and interaction of the inoculum with calcium ions. The results provide a basis for a discussion of the role of the yeast cell surface in the mode of action of nystatin (a polyene antibiotic), on interaction with sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. They indicate the profound importance of the cell surface in the interaction with the antibiotic. Moreover, the results of the temperature growth/electrophoresis experiments support the view that a sharp change in membrane fluidity occurs in the yeast membrane. The results are also discussed in the light of those reported in previous papers on the interaction of yeast cells with nystatin. PMID- 7035842 TI - Relationship between pigment producibility and drug resistance in Serratia marcescens. AB - Among the clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens, non-pigmented cells appeared more frequently from pigmented, drug-resistant strains than from pigmented, drug sensitive strains. Transfer of R plasmid from Escherichia coli to pigmented strains caused spontaneous loss of pigment producibility, whereas such spontaneous loss never occurred in fresh cultures of drug-sensitive strains. The non-pigmented strain was a better recipient of R plasmid from E. coli than was the pigmented strain. R plasmid was transferred from the non-pigmented strain to the pigmented strain at a higher frequency than from E. coli to the pigmented strain. The results of the present investigation suggest that transfer of R plasmid may be one of the reasons for the significant increase of non-pigmented, drug-resistant strains of S. marcescens in nature. PMID- 7035843 TI - In vitro proliferative response and polyclonal antibody production in spleen cells of immunologically defective CBA/N and C3H/HeJ mice by water-soluble adjuvant (Bu-WSA) extracted from Bacterionema matruchotii. AB - Mitogenicity and the polyclonal plaque forming cell (PFC)-inducing property of a water soluble-adjuvant extracted from Bacterionema matruchotii by butanol (Bu WSA) were examined in vitro in the spleen cells of hybrid (CBA/N female X BALB/c male)F1 mice and C3H strain of mice. The hybrid F1 male cells which expressed a CBA/N-defect were unable to respond to Bu-WSA, when assessed by the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into the cells and the generation of anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) PFC or autoantibody PFC defined by the anti-bromelain-treated mouse erythrocyte PFC assay. However, hybrid F1 female cells with normal traits responded to Bu WSA. Cultured spleen cells of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-nonresponsive (C3H/HeJ mice responded to Bu-WSA as in the case of cells of LPS-responsive C3H/He mice, and the [3H]thymidine-uptakes and the numbers of PFC in these culture cells increased. Re-extraction of Bu-WSA by phenol did not affect its activities, while the activity of butanol-extracted LPS and C3H/HeJ cells decreased after re-extraction by the same procedure with phenol. PMID- 7035844 TI - Biological and biochemical characterization of macrophage activating factor (MAF) in murine lymphocytes: role of mannopyranosyl residue of the MAF molecule in macrophage activation. AB - Activation of macrophages with macrophage activating factor (MAF) was evaluated by measuring the intracellular killing activity of murine macrophages against Salmonella typhimurium. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced MAF-rich fraction was obtained by a Sephadex G-100 column, which contained molecules ranging from 25,000 to 67,000 daltons. The intracellular killing ability of mouse peritoneal macrophages against S. typhimurium was found to be increased by 0.1 M D-mannose as well as by Con A-induced MAF-rich fraction. Both 0.1 M D-mannose and MAF exhibited a similar timing pattern for macrophage activation. The same concentration of D-glucose or L-rhamnose did not change bacterial uptake and intracellular killing by macrophages. Moreover, when MAF-rich fraction was applied to a Con A-Sepharose column, a fraction that was adsorbed on Con A and eluted with 0.1 M alpha-methyl D-mannoside exhibited MAF activity. These results suggest the possibility that mannopyranosyl residues in the MAF molecules play an important role as a ligand in macrophage activation. PMID- 7035845 TI - The economics of fertility. PMID- 7035846 TI - [Regulation of the synthesis of the enzymes of methanol catabolism in Candida boidinii]. PMID- 7035847 TI - [Phenotypic traits of Escherichia coli mutants defective in carbohydrate utilization]. PMID- 7035848 TI - [Survival rate dynamics of Escherichia coli strains in turfy podzolic soil]. PMID- 7035849 TI - [Modern approaches to the complex microbiological and pathomorphological assessment of an experimental infectious process]. PMID- 7035850 TI - [Extracellular protease biosynthesis in Aspergillus candidus in the absence of carbon or sulfur sources]. AB - The absence of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur sources in the medium was shown to be a prerequisite for the production of exocellular proteases by Aspergillus candidus. The biosynthesis of proteases stops as soon as a limiting substrate is added to the medium. The rate of protease biosynthesis noticeably decreases if proline, alanine, glycine, valine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, aspartic and glutamic acids are added, particularly during the first hours of incubation. Cysteine increases the delay in the onset of protease biosynthesis. Tryptophan, leucine, asparagine and glutamine considerable decrease the rate of exoprotease biosynthesis throughout the experiment. Arginine, histidine, lysine, ornithine and methionine added to the medium without a carbon source almost entirely inhibit the biosynthesis of exoproteases. A sulfur-deficient fungal mycelium synthesizes exoproteases at a high rate in the medium without a sulfur source whereas sulfate, methionine and cysteine suppress the process. Protein, being the only source of carbon, nitrogen or sulfur in the medium, abruptly decreases the rate of exoprotease biosynthesis. PMID- 7035851 TI - [Role of the electrokinetic potential of Escherichia coli cells during the process of their electroimmobilization]. PMID- 7035853 TI - Teaching the management of medical emergencies using an interactive computer terminal. PMID- 7035852 TI - A hundred years of the Ettles scholarship at the University of Edinburgh or "Whatever happened to the likely lads (and lasses)?". PMID- 7035854 TI - Malaria in Malaysian soldiers, 1980. PMID- 7035855 TI - Structure and function of the reovirus genome. PMID- 7035857 TI - [Bacteriological studies of healthy newborn infants in a nursery]. PMID- 7035858 TI - [The Toni-Caffey-Silverman syndrome. Personal experience]. PMID- 7035856 TI - Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic and producing bacteria, with special reference to beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 7035859 TI - [Immunopathogenesis of periodontal disease. Delayed hypersensitivity or polyclonal lymphocyte activation?]. PMID- 7035860 TI - [Endotoxin-like activity in Capnocytophaga gingivalis]. PMID- 7035861 TI - [Possibility of skin grafts in mucogingival surgery]. PMID- 7035862 TI - [Mucostatic impression and functional impression. A comparative study]. PMID- 7035863 TI - [Survival of skin and heart transplants in inbred rats treated with immunosuppressive agents]. PMID- 7035864 TI - D.E. salmon and the first bacterin. PMID- 7035865 TI - Repair of shell damage in tortoises. PMID- 7035866 TI - The last word. Rabies control in olden times. PMID- 7035867 TI - An immunohistochemical study on the localization and distribution of epoxide hydrolase within livers of untreated rats. PMID- 7035869 TI - Tuftsin, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg. Anatomy of an immunologically active peptide. AB - Tuftsin, a natural occurring tetrapeptide, has been found to exhibit several biological activities connected with immune system function. Although little is known about tuftsin's 'biogenesis', much information has been gleaned about its structure-function relationships, which have shown that several features of the molecule are essential for expression of full biological activity. Furthermore, specific receptor sites for tuftsin have been found to exist exclusively on phagocytic cells. Research indicates that tuftsin binding to target cells effect intracellular calcium and cyclic nucleotide levels. Implication of these facts on tuftsin's mode of action are discussed. Basic peptidic segments resembling tuftsin are found in a variety of regulatory peptides. Questions are, therefore, raised as to the biospecificity an cross-reactivity of these sequences. Substance P, one such peptide, which binds with and activates tuftsin receptors, is described. In light of tuftsin's therapeutic potential, assays for its determination have been introduced. When applied to analyze human blood serum of normal as well as of various pathological origins, direct correlation was found between tuftsin levels and susceptibility to bacterial infections. PMID- 7035868 TI - Muramyl peptides. Chemical structure, biological activity and mechanism of action. PMID- 7035870 TI - [Pulp-dentin protection in fillings bonded by acid etching]. PMID- 7035871 TI - [Clinical use of the craniofacial and perimaxillary sutures in orthodontics]. PMID- 7035872 TI - [Ricketts' Quad-Helix in clinical practice]. PMID- 7035873 TI - [Disease with storage of neutral lipids (author's transl)]. AB - Storage of cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and triglycerides with distribution in different organs is characteristical in 5 distinguishable familiary thesaurismoses. Cholesterol storage disease is due to relatively benign storage of cholesterol esters predominantly in the liver with gross enlargment of this organ. Acid lipase is lysosomes is also nearly inactive in the maligne Wolman's disease with calcification of the adrenals, hepatosplenomegalia and death during infancy by gastrointestinal complications. Very similar are other diseases without renal calcification but partly with pulmonal storage of cholesterol. In only one family another type of cholesterol lipidosis and cirrhosis together with aplasia of gall bladder, renal cysts, and hydronephrosis has been observed. Two types of pure triglyceride storage disease are described, but each of them in only few cases. Tendinous xanthomatosis by storage of cholestanol predominantly in brain with mental retardation, and xanthomatosis with beta-sitosterol but normal mental development are two rare steatoses with abnormal cholesterol-like lipids, in which xanthomatas are visible. PMID- 7035874 TI - [Phenotype in disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035875 TI - [Skeletal changes in inborn errors of metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035876 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the stomach in a newborn infant with E. coli sepsis (author's transl)]. AB - There is a high mortality rate in neonates with spontaneous rupture of the stomach. Clinical manifestations are vomiting, abdominal distension, respiratory distress and shock. An upright X-ray film showing a pneumoperitoneum is diagnostic. Successful treatment depends on early recognition of the condition and immediate surgical intervention. The case of a newborn with septicemia and spontaneous gastric rupture is described. PMID- 7035877 TI - Comparative psychiatry. The international and intercultural distribution of mental illness. PMID- 7035878 TI - A comparison of the response to 4CMB, 4HMB and BC of 5 yeast strains differing in their radiosensitivities. AB - The test compounds 4CMB, 4HMB and BC were assayed for their genotoxicity using stationary phase cultures of 5 yeast strains which differ in their mutagen sensitivity. It was found that 4HMB produced no differences in survival between the 5 strains whereas 4CMB and BC caused more lethality in the triple red strain than the other 4 strains. The results indicate that both BC and 4CMB are capable of inducing DNA damage which results in cell lethality in the repair-deficient triple mutant. PMID- 7035879 TI - The induction of DNA damage and its repair in yeast after exposure to 4CMB, BC and 4HMB. PMID- 7035880 TI - Aspergillus nidulans as a test organism for chemical mutagens. AB - In the 3 strains of Aspergillus nidulans used, BC reduced survival most and 4HMB least. Similar trends were found when the effect on gene conversion was studied in a diploid strain and point mutation was scored in a haploid strain. None of the compounds had any effect on mitotic segregation. PMID- 7035881 TI - Testing for mitotic crossing over and induced aneuploidy using Aspergillus nidulans as part of the UKEMS test programme. PMID- 7035882 TI - Assay of the induction of mitotic crossing-over and aneuploidy in yeast by BC, 4CMB and 4HMB. PMID- 7035883 TI - The effects of BC, 4CMB and 4HMB upon the induction of mitotic gene conversion in yeast. AB - Both BC and 4CMB but not 4HMB were shown to be capable of inducing mitotic gene conversion in exponential phase cultures of the JDI strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results obtained indicate that in terms of the relative frequency of genetic events per lethal event 4CMB was more active than BC in this test system. PMID- 7035884 TI - Mutagenicity of 4-chloromethylbiphenyl (4CMB) to E. coli WP2 uvrA pKM101. PMID- 7035885 TI - The effects the BC, 4CMB and 4HMB upon the induction of mitotic gene conversion and mutation in yeast. PMID- 7035886 TI - The induction of mitotic gene conversion in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae JD1 by 4-chloromethylbiphenyl (4CMB), benzyl chloride (BC) and 4 hydroxymethylbiphenyl (4HMB). AB - The induction of mitotic gene conversion by 4CMB, BC and 4HMB was studied in both log-phase and stationary-phase cultures of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae JD1. Assays were performed both in the presence and in the absence of S9 microsomal fraction obtained from a liver homogenate from rats pretreated with Aroclor 1254. Exposure of both stationary-phase and log-phase cultures to 4CMB and BC resulted in an increase in mitotic gene conversion, both in the presence and in the absence of a microsomal activation system; the magnitude of response was greater in stationary-phase cultures. 4HMB did not increase the gene conversion frequency in log-phase or stationary-phase cultures. PMID- 7035887 TI - The activity of 4CMB, 4HMB and BC in Saccharomyces cerevisiae JD1. AB - 3 structurally related compounds, 4-chloromethylbiphenyl (4CMB), 4 hydroxymethylbiphenyl (4HMB), and benzyl chloride (BC) were assayed for their ability to induce mitotic gene conversion in stationary phase cultures of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae JD1. This strain allows gene conversion to be scored at 2 independent loci, trp 5 and his 4. The results reported in this paper indicate that both 4CMB and BC are genetically active in yeast, producing dose related increases in mitotic gene conversion at both the loci tested; 4HMB showed no such activity. At high survival levels 4CMB and BC showed comparable activity. However, as toxicity increased BC showed much more potent convertogenic activity, whereas with 4CMB a reduction in induced gene conversion was observed. The presence of a microsomal activation system derived from the livers of Aroclor induced male rats did not significantly affect the activity of any of the compounds. PMID- 7035888 TI - Activity of 4-chloromethylbiphenyl, 4-hydroxymethylbiphenyl and benzyl chloride in assays for gene conversion and petite induction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D4. PMID- 7035889 TI - Mutagenic activity of BC and 4CMB in the Salmonella spot test. PMID- 7035890 TI - The effects of BC, 4CMB and 4HMB on meiosis in yeast cells. PMID- 7035891 TI - Mitochondrial toxicity in Saccharomyces as a measure of carcinogenicity. PMID- 7035892 TI - Bacterial mutagenicity tests on 4-chloromethylbiphenyl and 2 structural analogues. AB - 4CMB, 4HMB and BC were tested in 5 strains of S. typhimurium and 2 strains of E. Coli without S9. 4HMB was negative in all strains. 4CMB was a strong positive mutagen in TA1535, TA1538, TA98, TA100 and WP2uvrA-(pKM101), and BC was a weak mutagen in TA100 and WP2uvrA-(pKM101). Positivity was determined as a dose response over 3 or more points, in repeat experiments, giving a significant correlation coefficient. PMID- 7035893 TI - 4-Chloromethylbiphenyl (4CMB), benzyl chloride (BC) and 4-hydroxymethylbiphenyl (4HMB): reverse mutation tests with Salmonella typhimurium. AB - In this study 4CMB was shown to be a strong, direct-acting, mutagen for S. typhimurium strains TA1538, TA1537, TA98 and TA100. However, for strain TA1535 the compound was only weakly mutagenic. No conclusive evidence of mutagenic activity was seen in tests with BC or 4HMB. PMID- 7035894 TI - Activity of 4CMB and 4HMB in bacterial mutation assays. AB - Conventional pour-plate tests were conducted using 5 Strains of S. typhimurium and 1 E. coli strain. The range of levels examined was 1.6-100 microgram per plate, for both chemicals. 4HMB was inactive in all tests. 4CMB was directly active in all strains, inducing both frameshift and base-substitution mutations in a dose-dependent manner. The largest responses were recorded in strains TA1538 and TA98. PMID- 7035895 TI - Evaluation of 4-hydroxymethylbiphenyl (4HMB), 4-chloromethylbiphenyl (4CMB) and benzyl chloride (BC) using the Ames Salmonella/microsome incorporation test for mutagenicity. PMID- 7035896 TI - UKEMS trial: bacterial mutation tests of 4-chloromethylbiphenyl, 4 hydroxymethylbiphenyl, and benzyl chloride, using E. coli WP2uvrA(pKM101) and S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100. AB - 4CMB, 4HMB and BC were assayed in plate tests, using E. coli WP2urvA(pKM101), and S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100, in the presence or absence of microsomal activation. 4CMB was also assayed in fluctuation tests using E. coli WP2uvrA(pKM101). 4HMB was uniformly negative, and 4CMB was mutagenic to all 3 strains. BC was negative in TA98 and positive in TA100 and WP2uvrA(pKM101). The presence of absence of S9 made no substantial difference to the mutagenicity of 4CMB or BC. PMID- 7035897 TI - The genetic toxicology of 4-chloromethylbiphenyl (4CMB), 4-hydroxymethylbiphenyl (4HMB) and benzyl chloride (BC) as assessed by the UKEMS genotoxicity trial (1981). PMID- 7035898 TI - An overview of the chemical and biological reactivity of 4CMB and structurally related compounds: possible relevance to the overall findings of the UKEMS 1981 study. PMID- 7035899 TI - UKEMS trial compounds: in vitro bacterial mutagenicity. PMID- 7035900 TI - 4-Chloromethylbiphenyl (4CMB), benzyl chloride (BC) and 4-hydroxymethylbiphenyl (4HMB): an evaluation of their mutagenic potential using Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The 3 compounds 4CMB, BC and 4HMB were tested using the "Ames' Salmonella assay. 4CMB produced a strong mutagenic response; no evidence of mutagenic activity was obtained with BC and 4HMB. Urine from mice treated with the 3 compounds was also tested. None of the urine samples produced a mutagenic response. PMID- 7035901 TI - 4-Chloromethylbiphenyl, 4-hydroxymethylbiphenyl and benzyl chloride: a comparison of mutagenic potential using the Salmonella reverse mutation assay. PMID- 7035903 TI - Mutagenic studies on benzyl chloride, 4-chloromethylbiphenyl and 4 hydroxymethylbiphenyl with Salmonella typhimurium as part of the UKEMS trial. PMID- 7035902 TI - The mutagenic activity of 4-chloromethylbiphenyl (4CMB) and benzyl chloride (BC) in the bacterial/microsome assay. PMID- 7035904 TI - Mutagenicity of 4-chloromethylbiphenyl in the Salmonella/microsome assay. PMID- 7035905 TI - The mutagenicity of 4CMB in a microwell bacterial fluctuation test. PMID- 7035906 TI - Mutagenicity of 4-chloromethylbiphenyl in repair-deficient strains of Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7035907 TI - An assay for mutagenic activity of 4CMB, 4HMB and BC, using the "microtitre" fluctuation test. AB - 4CMB, 4HMB and BC were assayed for mutagenic activity using the 'microtitre' bacterial fluctuation test without metabolic activation. 4CMB was positive in strains of Salmonella typhimurium detecting both base-substitution and frameshift mutation. BC was weakly positive only in the strain which detects base substitution mutation. 4HMB was negative in both strains. 4CMB and 4HMB were equally toxic to the strains, whilst BC was comparatively less toxic. PMID- 7035908 TI - Fluctuation test data on 4-chloromethylbiphenyl (4CMB), 4-hydroxymethylbiphenyl (4HMB) and benzyl chloride (BC) using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. PMID- 7035909 TI - Assessment of the ability of 4CMB and 4HMB to induce primary genetic damage in strains of Escherichia coli. AB - Studies were undertaken to investigate the ability of 4CMB and 4HMB to induce primary DNA damage in bacteria as shown by differential lethality in strains of E. coli proficient and deficient in DNA repair. It has been demonstrated in these laboratories that the assay system used will detect weak DNA-damaging agents by the use of a prolonged incubation period and, where appropriate, the inclusion of an S9 mix activating system. Both 4CMB and 4HMB induced primary DNA damage in E. coli, giving similar responses in the presence and absence of S9 mix. A comparison based on the response at the lowest inclusion level (250 microgram/ml) indicates that 4CMB was more active. 4CMB also caused greater lethality in a uvrA , recA-, lexA- strain than in the other repair-deficient (uvrA-, polA-) strain employed. 4HMB was approximately equitoxic to both repair-deficient strains. It is suggested that this difference may be explained it both chemicals cause DNA lesions recognized by the uvrA system, and 4CMB causes additional lesions recognised or repaired by the recA or lexA systems. PMID- 7035910 TI - UKEMS collaborative genotoxicity trial. Bacterial mutation tests of 4 chloromethylbiphenyl, 4-hydroxymethylbiphenyl and benzyl chloride: analysis of data from 17 laboratories. PMID- 7035911 TI - The effect of dimethylsulfoxide on the mutagenicity of the hair dye p phenylenediamine. AB - Published data on the mutagenicity of the oxidative hair dye intermediate p phenylenediamine in the Ames test are conflicting. The work reported here resolves the discrepancies, showing that the activity of p-phenylenediamine in the Ames Salmonella/microsome test is markedly influenced by the use of dimethylsulfoxide as solvent, and by the age of the solution prior to plating. Thus, aqueous solutions of p-phenylenediamine are non-mutagenic; fresh solutions in DMSO are equally non-mutagenic, but become highly active on standing at room temperature for 4 hr. These results suggest the need for caution in the choice of solvents and tight controls in the execution of the test. PMID- 7035912 TI - Repair of double-strand breaks in a temperature conditional radiation-sensitive mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7035913 TI - Mutagenicity of oil-shale ash. AB - 3 oil-shale ash samples were extracted with solvents and analyzed for mutagenicity with a number of tests systems. In Salmonella typhimurium, the ash extracts were highly mutagenic with the Ames his reversion and the ara-resistant systems. Mutation induction by the ash in Salmonella was independent of metabolic activation and was of the frameshift type. These ash extracts showed a substantial killing effect, but failed to induced ad-3 reversion in Neurospora crassa, gene conversion and mitotic crossing-over in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and TGr mutation in cultured CHO cells. PMID- 7035914 TI - Mutagenicity of glycerol chlorohydrines and of their esters with higher fatty acids present in protein hydrolysates. AB - 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol caused base substitutions in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 both with and without metabolic activation. Metabolic activation seemed to act mainly by decreasing the toxicity of these compounds. A difference in the growth of the wild-type and repair-deficient strains of Escherichia coli was observed only for 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol with S9 mix. Esters of both chlorohydrines with fatty acids has smaller mutagenic effects than unesterified compounds. PMID- 7035915 TI - Mutagenicity studies on bufexamac. PMID- 7035916 TI - The mutagenicity of lactarius mushrooms. PMID- 7035917 TI - Mutagen and anti-mutagen in ginger, Zingiber officinale. AB - When rhizome juice of ginger, zingiber officinale, was added to a solution of 2(2 furyl)-3(5-nitro-2-fury)acryl amide (AF2) or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG), mutagenesis by these chemicals was markedly increased. As a result of the component fractionation of the ginger juice, it was found that [6]-gingerol was a potent mutagen. However, the ginger juice also contained anti-mutagenic component(s) against [6]-gingerol (CAS No. 58253-27-3) (present study) and tryptophan pyrolysates (Kada et al., 1978; Morita et al., 1978). It is suggested, therefore, that the [6]-gingerol component may be mutagenically activated by the presence of AF2 and NTG. PMID- 7035918 TI - Urine-mediated Ames test: interactions. PMID- 7035919 TI - The Salmonella/microsome assay: some possible causes for interlaboratory variations. PMID- 7035920 TI - Mutagenicity of chloroacetones in the Salmonella test. PMID- 7035921 TI - Effects of the umuC36 mutation on ultraviolet-radiation-induced base-change and frameshift mutations in Escherichia coli. AB - The effects of the umuC36 mutation on the induction of base-change and frameshift mutations were studied. An active umuC gene was necessary in either the uvr+ strains of Escherichia coli K12 for UV- and X-ray-induced mutations to His+, ColER and SpcR, which are presumably base-change mutations, but it was not essential for ethyl methanesulphonate or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine induced His+ mutations. In contrast, only 1 out of 13 trp- frameshift mutations examined was UV reversible, and the process of mutagenesis was umuC+-dependent, whereas a potent frameshift mutagen, ICR191, effectively induced Trp+ mutations in most of the strains regardless of the umu+ or umuC genetic background. These results suggest that base substitutions are a major mutational type derived from the umuC+-dependent pathway of error-prone repair. PMID- 7035923 TI - Alkylating properties and genetic activity of 4-vinylcyclohexene metabolites and structurally related epoxides. AB - The mutagenicity of the epoxides 4-vinyl-1,2-epoxycyclohexane, 4-epoxyethyl-1,2 epoxycyclohexane, 4-epoxyethyl-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexane, 1,2-epoxycyclohexane and styrene oxide was assayed on the TA100 strain of S. typhimurium and V79 Chinese hamster cells. In the latter cell system, both point mutation (6-thioguanine resistance) and chromosomal damage (anaphase bridges and micronuclei) were scored. Genetic effects were related to the alkylating properties of the epoxides. For this purpose, alkylation of 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) and sodium-p-nitrothiophenolate (NTP) was measured and values for the substrate constant (s) were calculated. 4-Epoxyethyl-1,2-epoxycyclohexane, 1,2 epoxycyclohexane and styrene oxide, characterized by the highest reactivity toward NBP and by an s value in the vicinity of 1, were mutagenic in all test systems. 4-Vinyl-1,2-epoxycyclohexane and 4-epoxyethyl-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexane, characterized by lower NBP reactivity and higher s value (1.30-1.38), did not induce reversion in S. typhimurium or 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants in V79 cells, but were as effective as the 3 other compounds in the induction of chromosomal damage. PMID- 7035922 TI - The effects of mutations in the polA and recA genes on mutagenesis by nitrosoguanidine in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Results of semi-quantitative plate tests indicated that polA and recA mutants of Salmonella typhimurium strain LT2 trpB1 might be significantly less mutable by nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) than were their repair-proficient parents strains. Quantitative data obtained in treat-and-plate experiments showed that this was not the case, at least for low doses of MNNG, and also that the recA strain was significantly more mutable at low doses than its Rec+ parent. On the basis of these results it is suggested that cells of S. typhimurium may possess a recA+ dependent repair pathway capable of error-free removal of MNNG-induced pre mutational lesions from their DNA. PMID- 7035924 TI - Estimation of genetic risks of alkylating agents. VI. Exposure of mice and bacteria to methyl bromide. AB - Methyl bromide was studied in a forward mutation system of E. coli to evaluate the relationship between dose and mutagenic response. The compound had a high toxicity and a low mutagenic efficiency, as expected from the high s value. The mutagenic effectiveness was estimated to be 1 mutation per 10(8) surviving bacteria per mM . h, in reasonable agreement with expectation from reaction kinetic data. To study the possibilities of using hemoglobin alkylation for an estimation of DNA alkylation in vivo, mice were treated with 14C-labeled methyl bromide. The degree of alkylation of DNA, determined in liver and spleen, was considerably lower than expected (200 and 20 times, respectively) from the degree of alkylation of hemoglobin and from the relative reactivities of DNA and hemoglobin towards methyl bromide in vitro. when hemoglobin alkylation is used for quantitative risk estimations, a correction factor has to be applied by taking into account the difference between the dose in red blood cells and the dose in the compartments of DNA. PMID- 7035925 TI - Induction of genetic changes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by partial drying in air of constant relative humidity and by UV. AB - It was investigated whether there was a critical degree of dryness for induction of genetic changes by drying. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were dried in air of 0, 33, 53 and 76% relative humidity (RH). The frequencies of mitotic recombination at ade2, of gene conversion at leu1, and of gene mutation at can1 were measured in X2447, XS1473 and S288C strains, respectively. After the cells had been dried at 0% RH for 4 h the frequencies of the genetic changes at ade2, leu1 and can1 were, respectively, 56, 7 and 3.5 times higher than each spontaneous frequency. Induction rates, defined as the frequencies of the induced genetic changes per unit time (1 h) of drying, were greatly decreased with increase in RH. Partial drying in air of 76% RH up to 4 and 8 h induced no genetic change at ade2 and leu1, respectively. It was concluded, therefore, that drying at a certain RH between 53 and 76% gave the critical degree of dryness of cells for the induction of the genetic changes. The water contents of cells (g water per g dry material) were 12% at 53% RH and 21% at 76% RH, whereas the water content of native cells was 212%. Removal of a large amount of cellular water had no effect on the induction of the genetic changes. UV sensitivity of partially dried cells of X2447 for the induction of the genetic change at ade2 drastically increased with decrease in RH between 76 and 53%. The drastic change in the UV sensitivity suggested that photochemical reactivity of DNA of chromosome XV, in which the ade2 locus is located, changed between 76 and 53% RH. It seems that the genetic changes were induced only in the low RH region where DNA in vivo had a different photochemical reactivity. PMID- 7035926 TI - Mitochondrial mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. V. Ethyl methanesulfonate. PMID- 7035927 TI - Mutagenesis induced by mono- and bi-functional alkylating agents in yeast mutants sensitive to photo-addition of furocoumarins (pso). AB - The inactivation and the induction of forward and reverse mutations by a mono- and a bifunctional nitrogen mustard in 3 pso mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, initially selected for their sensitivity to psoralen photo-addition, were compared with that of the wild-type. The pso1-1 mutant was very sensitive to both alkylating agents, and the mutagenicity was abolished. This correlates with the defect in the error-prone repair capacity for lesions induced by psoralen photo addition and radiations already observed for this mutant. Therefore it appears that the PSO1+ gene product acts on a spectrum of DNA lesions. The pso2-1 mutant was highly sensitive to the lethal effect of the bifunctional nitrogen mustard and was only slightly sensitive to the monofunctional one. For both agents a reduction in induced mutagenesis was seen. The same was true for mono- and bifunctional psoralen derivatives. The pso2-1 mutant having the same sensitivity as the wild-type to UV and ionizing radiations, it is suggested that the PSO2+ gene product is predominantly necessary for the repair of cross-links irrespective of their molecular nature. In contrast with psoralen photo-induced inactivation the pso3-1 mutant had the same sensitivity as the wild-type to alkylating agents. However, a reduction in induced mutagenesis was seen in both cases. This response was modulated according to dose and type of mutation. Consequently, it appeared that the PSO3+ gene product acts specifically on psoralen photo-induced sub-lethal lesions and on a fraction of premutagenic lesions independently of their structure. PMID- 7035928 TI - Carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and teratogenicity of nickel. AB - Nickel is widely used in the metallurgical industry, and although not released extensively into the environment, may represent a hazard to human health. Owing to their low absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, nickel compounds, except nickel carbonyl, are essentially non-toxic after ingestion. Epidemiological investigations and experimental studies have demonstrated that certain nickel compounds are extremely potent carcinogens after inhalation, but also that the carcinogenic risk is limited to conditions of occupational exposure. The relatively small number of mutagenicity studies performed up to now do not yet allow definite conclusions as to whether nickel is mutagenic. Nickel can cross the placenta and has embryotoxic and teratogenic properties. The principal hazard of nickel to man, beside its carcinogenicity, however, is its ability to provoke reactions of sensitization. PMID- 7035929 TI - International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. Epidemiological studies into the possible carcinogenicity of hair dyes. PMID- 7035930 TI - Mammalian in vivo and in vitro cytogenetic assays: a report of the U.S. EPA's gene-tox program. AB - This report presents an assessment made by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program's Work Group on mammalian cytogenetics of the clastogenic effects of chemicals in in vivo and in vitro mammalian cell assays. This assessment is based on information provided by the Environmental Mutagen Information Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, with the proviso that the experimental protocol used in these papers was adjudged to be acceptable by standards outlined by the Work Group. Some data were accepted as "qualitative only" because the protocol used was fairly close to that proposed as suitable. Using these criteria, 177 papers were selected for review. 6 assays were reviewed: bone marrow (32 papers, 31 chemicals), spermatogonial (10 papers, 10 chemicals), spermatocyte (25 papers, 25 chemicals), oocyte or early embryo (18 papers, 19 chemicals), in vitro cell culture (30 papers, 66 chemicals), and leukocyte (66 papers, 53 chemicals). Each assay was considered separately, and comparisons were then made between them for their similarities or differences in producing a positive or negative clastogenic effect of a particular chemical or chemical class. A large proportion of the available cytogenetic data was not suitable for inclusion in the final data base because of poor experimental design or unsatisfactory reporting of the information. It was not possible to recommend any one assay for determining potential clastogenicity because each had its own particular advantages and limitations and provided unique information. For demonstrating in vivo effects, the bone-marrow assay is probably the simplest and most economical. If only in vitro exposures were considered, leukocytes or cultured mammalian cell lines would be suitable. However, there are advantages to using leukocytes because they are a synchronous population, at least through their cell division, and because of the ready availability of human cells. In general, there was good agreement between clastogenicity and carcinogenicity. PMID- 7035931 TI - Mutagenesis by chemical agents in V79 chinese hamster cells: a review and analysis of the literature. A report of the Gene-Tox Program. AB - The report reviews and evaluates the current literature (about 125 primary publications) on chemically induced specific locus mutations in the V79 Chinese hamster lung cell line. The V79 cell is convenient to use for mutagenesis studies since it has a rapid growth rate, high plating efficiency, and a stable karyotype. Mutation can be easily measured at either the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase or the Na+/K+ ATPase locus, both of which have been well characterized. Other less-studied markers are also described. We discuss the protocols for quantitative mutation studies including measurements of cytotoxicity, mutant expression times, mutant selection agents, cell densities during selection, and the stability and verification of mutant phenotypes. Mutations in the V79 cells by chemicals that require activation can be tested after their metabolism by cell homogenates or by intact cells, and the results with each type of activation are compared. For purposes of analysis, we classified a compound as mutagenic if it induced a mutation frequency that is at least 3 times higher than the spontaneous mutant frequency reported for that specific experiment. By this criterion two-thirds of the chemicals analyzed were mutagenic--; 11% with and 55% without metabolic activation. Of the 191 chemicals examined; 119 were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; 25 were nitro or nitroso compounds, 9 were alkyl halides; 7 were purine or pyrimidine derivatives and the remaining 31 were from other chemical classes. We also defined mutagenic potency as the concentration of a compound that increases the mutant frequency by 10 times the spontaneous frequency. Mutagenic potencies of the compounds examined varied over a range of 5 X 10(6). We have also found large interlaboratory variations in the mutagenic potencies. Such variation in potency could be reduced by normalizing the results to a standard mutagen such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. The role of the V79 assay in mutagenicity and carcinogenicity testing is discussed and recommendations are suggested for future investigation. PMID- 7035932 TI - An evaluation of the genetic toxicity of epichlorohydrin. A report of an expert group of the International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. PMID- 7035933 TI - Sensitivity of various germ-cell stages to environmental mutagens. PMID- 7035934 TI - Mutagenicity of a series of hexacoordinate chromium (III) compounds. AB - 17 chromium(III) compounds have been tested for DNA-damaging capabilities using an E. coli differential repair assay and for mutagenicity in strains of Salmonella typhimurium. 4 of these compounds were active in both assays. Another 4 compounds were positive only in the repair assay and 9 were devoid of activity in both assays. Most of the doubly active complexes contain aromatic amine ligands like 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline. Closely related complexes of ligands derived from saturated amines are much less active. It appears that chromium(III) in the proper ligand environment can have considerable genetic toxicity and could represent one of the several possible ultimate species in a mechanism for chromium mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. PMID- 7035935 TI - Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of haloethanes as studied in the CHO/HGPRT system. AB - When haloethanes were being tested as direct-acting agents in the Chinese hamster ovary cell/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (CHO/HGPRT) system, ethylene dibromide (EtBr2) exhibited more cytotoxic and mutagenic activity than ethylene dichloride (EtCl2), and the mixed halogenated congener ethylene bromochloride (EtBrCl) had an intermediate effect. On a molar basis, the relative mutagenic activity of EtBr2 : EtBrCl : EtCl2 was approximately 100 : 6 : 1. Cell survival was reduced to 50% by approx. 3, 6 and 50 mM of EtBr2, EtBrCl and EtCl2, respectively, and declined precipitously with increasing concentrations of the haloethanes. When these 3 haloethanes were assayed in the presence of S9, there was a 5-25-fold increase in cytotoxicity; however, only EtBrCl and EtCl2 also showed a concomitant increase in mutagenicity of 4-fold. The mutagenicity of EtBr2 remained unchanged when assayed in the presence of S9. When NADP was omitted from the S9 mix, which contains a NADPH-regenerating system, the increase in cytotoxicity and mutagenicity observed with the complete S9 mix was abolished. EtBr2 was shown to possess a molar equivalent mutagenic activity to ethyl methanesulfonate under the conditions of the assay. The cytotoxicity of EtBr2 increased as the time of treatment increased up to 24 h, while mutation induction appeared to peak at around 5 h. PMID- 7035936 TI - A comparative genotoxicity study of chlorogenic acid (3-0-caffeoylquinic acid). AB - Chlorogenic acid, a compound which occurs naturally in many food items, was assayed for genotoxic activity in 3 different test systems: reverse mutations in the preincubation test with Salmonella typhimurium, gene conversion with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D7, and chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Chlorogenic acid was directly convertogenic and clastogenic, but lacked a mutagenic capacity in the Salmonella bioassay. The transition metal Mn2+ enhanced the clastogenic and convertogenic activity of chlorogenic acid. In the presence of Mn2+ (10(-4)M), chlorogenic acid increased the frequency of his+ revertants in TA98 and TA100 strains of S. typhimurium. Caffeic acid and, to a lesser degree, quinic acid, which are components of chlorogenic acid, also showed genotoxic activity. The results show the importance of using several assays in combination with transition metals when testing for genotoxicity. PMID- 7035937 TI - Mutagenicity of alkyl glycidyl ethers in three short-term assays. AB - The mutagenic potential of glycidol and 7 alkyl glycidyl ethers having straight alkyl chains of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 carbon atoms were examined in a battery of in vitro assays. The battery consisted of the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay, the L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay, and unscheduled DNA synthesis using W138 cells. The mutagenic potential of the compounds ranged from strongly mutagenic to non-mutagenic; glycidol exhibited the greatest activity. All the ethers through C-4 showed a definite response whole the C-8 or higher ethers showed very weak or no responses. Dose-response curves were obtained by all 3 assays for those compounds that exhibited mutagenic activity. The sensitivity of each assay is discussed, as are the effects of the liver microsome systems used for metabolic activation. PMID- 7035938 TI - Comparison of the mutagenicities of fossil fuels. AB - Chemical fractions from 4 shale oils including one produced in an above-ground retort (Paraho), 2 produced below ground by in situ method (Occidental and Geokinetics), and 1 produced by a simulated modified in situ process (Livermore), were tested for mutagenicity against Salmonella typhimurium TA98 in the Ames assay system. Their mutagenic activities were compared with 2 other complex materials: a high-boiling coal distillate (The Solvent Refined Coal Process I (SRC II) heavy distillate), and a crude petroleum (Prudhoe Bay). Each material was fractionated by Sephadex LH-20 partition chromatography and by acid-base solvent extraction to provide chemical fractions for bioassay. Mutagenic activity was detected in the coal liquid (and their fractions), but not in the natural crude oil nor in any of its fractions. The basic and tar fractions derived by solvent extraction, and the LH-20 methanol fractions contained most of the mutagenic activity recovered from the unfractionated material. The heavy distillate was approx. 10 times more active in the Ames assay than the most mutagenically active shale oil. The most mutagenically active of the shale oils was about 10 times more active than the least active shale oil. PMID- 7035939 TI - Sister-chromatid exchanges before and after hair dyeing. AB - Sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE( in the peripheral lymphocytes of 13 women and 1 man were scored immediately before, 6 h after and 7 days after the application of a hair dye by a professional hairdresser under normal conditions. All the hair dyes used in this study gave positive results when tested in the Salmonella/microsome test for mutagenic activity. 6 volunteers showed increases and 8 showed decreases in mean numbers of SCE per cell 6 h after dyeing: 2 of these increases and 3 of the decreases wee statistically significant. when the mean SCE per cell of the who group were compared there were no significant difference between the pre-dyeing sample and the 2 samples taken 6 h or 7 days after dyeing. It was concluded that single applications of proprietary hair dyes cause no consistent increase in the SCE levels in the peripheral lymphocytes of the people taking part in this study. PMID- 7035940 TI - Preliminary characterization of the major RNA species from Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the total RNA extracted from cultures of Plasmodium falciparum resolved two major RNA components with estimated molecular weights of 1.3 X 10(6) and 0.72 - 0.74 X 10(6). Oligo(dT)-cellulose column chromatography of the total cellular RNA indicates that more than 90% of the total radiolabeled RNA lacks substantial poly(A) sequences (poly(A)-). Resolution of the poly(A)- fraction on polyacrylamide or agarose gels indicates that the majority of the poly(A)- RNAs are the 1.3 X 10(6) and 0.72 - 0.74 X 10(6) species. This observation was confirmed by two-dimensional oligonucleotide fingerprint analysis of the total cellular RNA as well as the poly(A)- RNA components. Oligonucleotide fingerprint analysis confirmed that the small RNA species is not a breakdown or cleavage product of the larger RNA component. Base ratio analysis of the large and small RNA species indicate that they are typically protozoan type with a low guanine + cytosine (G + C) content. The findings that these two RNA species (i) are the major cellular RNA species, (ii) lack substantial poly(A) sequences, (iii) have estimated molecular weights similar to the ribosomal RNAs obtained from other protozoa, (iv) have a low G + C content (approximately equal to 35 - 37%), and (v) are distinct from one another, indicates that the 1.3 X 10(6) and 0.72 - 0.74 X 10(6) RNA components obtained from P. falciparum cultures are the major ribosomal RNAs. PMID- 7035941 TI - Interactions of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes with ligand-coated agarose beads. AB - The binding of normal and Plasmodium falciparum-infected squirrel monkey erythrocytes to columns of ligand-coated agarose beads was compared. Concanavalin A, ricin, soybean and peanut agglutinin-coated beads retain erythrocytes containing large developmental stages of the parasite preferentially to ring containing erythrocytes or to normal erythrocytes. Binding is inhibited by the sugar corresponding to the lectin's specificity. Preferential binding does not occur with wheat germ or Ulex europaeus agglutinin-coated beads. When infected blood is preincubated in immune serum, infected erythrocytes are specifically retained by Protein A-coated beads. These peculiar binding properties reflect modifications of the infected erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7035942 TI - Fetal echocardiography for evaluation of in utero congestive heart failure. AB - Thirteen fetuses with nonimmune hydrops (22 to 39 weeks of gestation) were evaluated with two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography. Ten fetuses had cardiovascular abnormalities resulting in heart failure, and three had noncardiac causes of hydrops. In three cases, hydrops was caused by supraventricular tachycardia. One of these fetuses responded to cardioversion at birth, another responded to transplacental digoxin therapy, and the third died with atrial flutter and high-grade atrioventricular block before delivery. There were no cases of "idiopathic" hydrops. Our results show that fetal echocardiography is useful in determining cardiac causes of in utero heart failure resulting in hydrops fetalis. The fetal echocardiogram may also be used in monitoring transplacental therapy of heart failure. PMID- 7035943 TI - Bone-marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 7035944 TI - Evaluation of medical-technology strategies: effects of coverage and reimbursement (first of two parts). PMID- 7035945 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in diabetics with end-stage renal disease. AB - Twenty diabetics with end-stage renal disease who had never previously received dialysis treatment were treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for periods of two to 36 months (average, 14.5). Intraperitoneal administration of insulin achieved good control of blood sugar. Even though creatinine clearance decreased significantly (P = 0.001), control of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine was adequate. Hemoglobin and serum albumin levels increased significantly (P = 0.005 and 0.04, respectively). Similarly, there was a significant increase in serum triglycerides and alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.02 and 0.05). Blood pressure became normal without medications in all but one of the patients. Retinopathy, neuropathy, and osteodystrophy remained unchanged. Peritonitis developed once in every 20.6 patient-months--a rate similar to that observed in nondiabetics. The calculated survival rate was 93 per cent at one year; the calculated rate of continuation on ambulatory peritoneal dialysis was 87 per cent. We conclude that continuous ambulatory dialysis with intraperitoneal administration of insulin is a good alternative treatment for diabetics with end stage renal disease. PMID- 7035946 TI - Aplastic anemia (first of two parts): pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. PMID- 7035947 TI - An institute for health-care evaluation. PMID- 7035948 TI - Chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7035949 TI - Evaluation of medical-technology strategies: proposal for an institute for health care evaluation (second of two parts). PMID- 7035950 TI - A randomized study of the prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease. AB - Acute graft-versus-host disease is a major problem in allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation. We performed a randomized study to compare the effectiveness of two regimens in the prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease. Thirty-five patients received methotrexate alone, and 32 received methotrexate, antithymocyte globulin, and prednisone. Of the patients who received methotrexate alone, 48 per cent had acute graft-versus-host disease, as compared with 21 per cent of those who received methotrexate, antithymocyte globulin, and prednisone (P = 0.01). The age of the recipient was a significant factor in the development of acute graft versus-host disease: Older patients had a higher incidence of the disease (P = 0.001). We conclude that the combination of methotrexate, antithymocyte globulin, and prednisone significantly decreased the incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease and should be used to prevent this disorder in patients receiving allogeneic marrow transplants. PMID- 7035951 TI - Toward safer marrow transplantation. PMID- 7035952 TI - Home dialysis does cost less than outpatient dialysis. PMID- 7035953 TI - Effect of cytotoxic drugs in frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome with and without steroid dependence. AB - In a prospective, controlled study, 50 children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome who had steroid toxicity were treated for eight weeks with either cyclophosphamide (2 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) or chlorambucil (0.15 mg per kilogram per day), in combination with prednisone in tapering doses. Of the 34 children shows relapses had tended to occur after the prednisone dosage had been reduced or immediately after the drug was discontinued (the steroid-dependent group), 22 also had early relapses after cytotoxic-drug treatment. In contrast, cytotoxic drug treatment produced long-lasting remissions in 12 of the 16 children whose relapses usually occurred after prednisone treatment had been interrupted for more than 14 days (the non-steroid-dependent group). The difference in response between the two groups was highly significant (P less than 0.001). We conclude that patients with frequent relapses without steroid dependence can be treated successfully with an eight-week course of cytotoxic drugs, whereas those with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome do not profit from cytotoxic drugs in the low doses used. PMID- 7035954 TI - Health policy report. Funding the End-Stage Renal-Disease Program. PMID- 7035955 TI - Prophylactic indomethacin therapy for patent ductus arteriosus in very-low-birth weight infants. AB - We performed a double-blind, controlled study of prophylactic indomethacin therapy in 47 premature infants (less than 1700 g) who had subclinical patent ductus arteriosus. They received either indomethacin or placebo at a mean age of 2.9 days. Among the 25 infants weighing more than 1000 g, a hemodynamically important ductus shunt developed in only four of the 14 given placebo. The incidence of important shunts, the number of surgical ligations, and the duration of oxygen therapy were not appreciably different between the study groups. In contrast, among the 22 infants who weighed 1000 g or less, a major ductus shunt developed in 10 of the 12 given placebo. In the smaller infants indomethacin therapy was associated with a significantly lower incidence of major shunts, fewer surgical ligations, a decreased duration of oxygen therapy, and fewer days necessary to regain birth weight. We conclude that prophylactic indomethacin therapy in infants weighing under 1000 g prevents the later development of large ductus shunts and decreases morbidity. PMID- 7035956 TI - Hypoglycemia associated with deficiencies in the release of counterregulatory hormones. PMID- 7035957 TI - The man behind the name: Eugene Louis Doyen 1859 - 1916. PMID- 7035958 TI - Sexual differentiation and h-y antigen. PMID- 7035959 TI - The highly polymorphic region near the human insulin gene is composed of simple tandemly repeating sequences. PMID- 7035960 TI - New director chosen for NIH. PMID- 7035961 TI - S-100 protein in human chondrocytes. PMID- 7035962 TI - Lower fidelity of RecA protein catalysed homologous pairing with a superhelical substrate. PMID- 7035963 TI - Aneural muscle cell cultures make synaptic basal lamina components. PMID- 7035964 TI - Calmodulin confers calcium sensitivity on secretory exocytosis. PMID- 7035965 TI - Measurement of changes in cytoplasmic free CA2+ in fused cell hybrids. PMID- 7035966 TI - Body temperature changes during the practice of g Tum-mo yoga. PMID- 7035967 TI - Further studies on supposed lamarckian inheritance of immunological tolerance. PMID- 7035968 TI - A microtubule-associated protein in the mitotic spindle and the interphase nucleus. PMID- 7035970 TI - How the malarial parasite enters the red blood cell. PMID- 7035969 TI - Reorganization of HeLa cell cytoskeleton induced by an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 7035971 TI - What role for autologous marrow transplantation in cancer therapy ? PMID- 7035972 TI - Motilin in the Purkinje cell of the cerebellum. PMID- 7035973 TI - Selective killing of leukaemia cells by antibody-toxin conjugates: implications for autologous bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7035974 TI - [Dr. H.A.P.C. Oomen 50 years a physician; 80th birthday]. PMID- 7035975 TI - [Jan Swammerdam (1636-1680-1980), his Cartesianism and the physiology of the muscular system]. PMID- 7035976 TI - Prostacyclin and the cardiovascular system. PMID- 7035977 TI - Prostaglandins and prostaglandin inhibitors in clinical practice. PMID- 7035978 TI - Thromboxanes and ischaemic vascular disease. PMID- 7035979 TI - Uremia and the liver. III. Uremia and hepatic metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. PMID- 7035980 TI - Uremia and the liver. II. Drugs and the liver in the uremic patient. PMID- 7035981 TI - Renal vasoactive hormones in scleroderma (progressive systemic sclerosis). AB - Plasma renin activity and the urinary excretions of kallikrein, kinin, immunoreactive PGE (iPGE) and aldosterone were determined in 23 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) on a fixed sodium and potassium intake who had no clinically apparent renal disease. Urinary excretions of kallikrein and kinin in the PSS patients were not significantly different from those of a group of sex and race-matched normal controls. In the female PSS patients urinary excretion of iPGE was also found to be normal. Upright PRA was appropriate for the urinary sodium excretion in 18 PSS patients (13 normotensive and 5 hypertensives) but was significantly elevated in the remaining 5 (all normotensive). The data suggest that the renal kallikrein-kinin and prostaglandin systems are unaltered in PSS patients without clinical evidence of renal disease. PMID- 7035982 TI - Neoplasia after successful renal transplantation. PMID- 7035983 TI - Renin, aldosterone and other mineralocorticoids in hyperkalemic patients with chronic renal failure showing mild azotemia. AB - The role of the renin-angiotensin system in the control of aldosterone and other mineralocorticoids was studied in 9 hyperkalemic patients with chronic renal failure showing mild azotemia (group I) and 6 normokalemic patients with chronic renal failure showing creatinine clearance similar to that in group I (group II). In group I, the plasma renin activity (PRA) was significantly low and plasma aldosterone (PAC) and 18-hydroxycortisterone (18-OH-B) were also significantly reduced. In group II, PRA was normal or slightly increased, and PAC and 18-OH-B were also normal or slightly increased. Both the PAC and 18-OH-B in group I were stimulated by ACTH and angiotensin II, although the responses were less than those in group II. In 2 patients of group I where PRA moved into the normal range after administration of furosemide, the plasma 18-OH-B and PAC also reached the lower limit of normal. These results suggest that suppression of the renin angiotensin system is probably related to functional disturbance in the conversion from B to 18-OH-B and/or 18-OH-B to aldosterone in most abnormally hyperkalemic patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7035984 TI - Recurrence of de novo graft membranous glomerulonephritis. AB - Graft membranous nephropathy (MN) appears mainly de novo or, less frequently, develops in patients whose original disease was MN. The rarity of the latter occurrence contrasts with the frequency of MN as the original disease: the existence of renal recurrence may thus be questioned. We report a patient with terminal renal failure due to focal glomerulosclerosis; typical MN developed de novo in the first and recurred in the third graft. This observation establishes that recurrence of MN is a real phenomenon and demonstrates that the factor(s) determining recurrence may appear only after transplantation. Neither HBs nor antilymphocyte serum antigens were found along the basement membrane. The late onset of proteinuria after the third demonstrates that the delayed appearance of clinical signs of glomerular disease does not rule out the occurrence of MN. PMID- 7035985 TI - Chronic mesangioproliferative IgA glomerulonephritis complicated by a rapidly progressive course in a 14-year-old boy. A case report. PMID- 7035986 TI - Teaching the young child nephrology care. PMID- 7035987 TI - [Effect of propranolol on diuretic activity of furosemide hypertensive patients (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of propranolol on water and sodium depletion provoked by frusemide was studied. Nine hypertensive patients were treated at 2-day intervals with a single dose of 40 mg of frusemide associated with a placebo or propranolol (320 mg given in 8 doses over a period of 24 hours). The association frusemide-propranolol is more hypotensive than frusemide alone. Propranolol reduced the rise in plasma renin activity and aldosteronuria provoked by the diuretic; total sodium output/24 h remained stable but sodium elimination was increased in the later samples. This prolongation of the natriuretic action is correlated with the inhibition of hyperaldosteronuria. Propranolol depresses urinary osmolality for a longer period than frusemide alone and water elimination tends to be higher. This action of the beta-blocker on urine concentration is independent of its effects on aldosteronuria but is correlated with the inhibition of the rise in plasma renin activity. PMID- 7035988 TI - [Diuretics and calcium]. PMID- 7035989 TI - [Relation between serum immunoglobulin levels and anticerebral antibodies, detected by the Coon method, in hepatolenticular degeneration]. AB - Antibodies to brain tissue were determined by indirect immunofluorescence of Coons in 23 patients with hepatolenticular degeneration. In 14 patients the levels of immunoglobulins A, G and M were determined as well. Control investigations were done in 37 donors. Positive results of Coons reaction with bright fluorescence of nervous tissue antigens were obtained in patients with increased serum immunoglobulin levels. Qualitative differences were obtained also in the reaction of Coons with sera from various patients. These data evidence that immunoglobulin F (ab)2 fragments as well as Fc fragments participate in the immunofluorescent reaction which calls for caution in the interpretation of the results of this method. PMID- 7035990 TI - [L-dopa with inhibitor in the treatment of parkinsonian syndrome-results of long term observations]. AB - The report is based on the observation of 39 patients with parkinsonian syndromes treated with L-DOPA with inhibitor, including 30 patients treated during 2-6 years. It was found that treatment with L-DOPA with the inhibitor gave good or very good results in most patients with these syndromes with a relatively good drug tolerance during the first three months. With passing time the effect of the drug on the manifestations of the disease decreases and the tolerance becomes aver worse. The results of the treatment are worse although the applied daily dose is increased by a metan value of 50%. AT the same time the frequency of such complications as hyperkineses, anxiety and depression labyrinthine cerebellar signs increases. Urinary passage disturbances and mental degradation develop and their temporal association with L-DOPA treatment is unquestionable, while a cause-and-effect correlation seems likely. In the conclusion the author suggests the need for a careful consideration of each decision of treatment with L-DOPA, and the possibility of improving the results of parkinsonism treatment is seen in the production of new optimal forms of he already present drugs, monitoring blood drug levels, and practical utilization of the synergism between the group of drugs stimulating the dopaminergic system and the group of drugs inhibiting the acetylcholinergic system. PMID- 7035991 TI - [Clinical and rheoencephalographical evaluation of prodectin in the treatment of cerebral arteriosclerosis]. AB - The reported investigations were carried out in a group of patients with evidence of cerebral circulatory disturbances aged from 43 to 72 years treated with Prodectin for 5-7 weeks. The dynamics of the clinical manifestations and REG curves were analysed before and after treatment. REG investigations were done using a II type rheograph with Fc-M leads. The basic parameters of the REG waves and reaction to nitroglycerin were evaluated. The results of REG were compared with the results of similar investigations in an age-matched control group. In nearly half the patients a tendency was observed for REG tracing normalization wit clinical improvement. Most frequently shortening of the ascending part of the REG wave was observed. PMID- 7035992 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of the intermediate filament protein skeletin in regenerating muscle fibres. AB - In a case of eosinophilic fasciitis with pronounced muscle involvement non specific ultrastructural signs of degeneration were observed in areas of perifascicular atrophy. By combined immunohistochemical and electron microscopical techniques intermediate skeletin filaments were demonstrated. These filaments, when found in combination with nuclei with large nucleoli and an abundance of polyribosomes are a sign of regeneration of muscle fibres. This finding is a useful indicator in assessing the prognosis and therapy of muscle involvement in eosinophilic fasciitis. PMID- 7035993 TI - Nerve allograft response: a quantitative immunological study. AB - The nerve allograft response between closely and distantly related inbred strains of rats was investigated. Lewis rats (RTl1) and Fischer rats (RTl1) have only minor histocompatibility differences, whereas Buffalo rats (RTlb) and ACI rats (RTla) differ from Lewis rats at the major histocompatibility locus. Lewis rats served as the recipient animals; the other three strains of rats provided donor nerves. The 51 Cr release cytotoxicity assay was used to asses antigen recognition. The results showed sensitization with ACI and Buffalo nerves as early as Day 8. When the donor and recipient were matched (Lewis/Fischer), sensitization occurred very late (Day 80). By contrast, with skin allografts, sensitization occurred early with all strains (Day 10), even when the animals differed only at the minor histocompatibility loci. Histological changes were similar in all three donor strains (Fischer, Buffalo, ACI). The strain of origin of the nerve could not be deduced by an unbiased examiner. PMID- 7035994 TI - The discovery of human cerebral arterial spasm in angiograms: an autobiographical note (Arthur Ecker). PMID- 7035995 TI - Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the spinal cord in children. A review of 38 cases. AB - The cases of 38 children with AVM seen at the Lariboisiere Hospital since 1962 are reviewed. The clinical picture was often of sudden onset with impairment of motor function and/or subarachnoid hemorrhage. The diagnosis was usually made by myelography, but spinal arteriography is the key examination, since it confirms the diagnosis and is essential to determine the exact location of the angioma: whether it is extramedullary, intramedullary, or mixed. Angiotomography and angiomyelography with magnification are necessary to determine if the lesion is median, compact, and if it has long sulco-commissural arteries, details which have an important bearing on the prognosis. Operation should be performed as soon as possible after its feasibility has been demonstrated angiographically. But embolization with new materials has also been effective, either associated with operation or as an alternative. PMID- 7035996 TI - [A modified India ink injection method for the demonstration of embryonal vessels in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035997 TI - [Temperature-controlled embedding in paraffin with the Histostat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7035998 TI - [Fascicular blocks coexisting with prior myocardial infarct. Diagnostic problems]. PMID- 7035999 TI - [Manual and mechanical esophago-jejunal sutures in total transabdominal gastrectomy. Initial comparative data]. PMID- 7036000 TI - [Water-electrolyte balance after extracorporeal circulation in normothermia and hypothermia]. PMID- 7036001 TI - [Endocrino-metabolic aspects of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7036002 TI - [Regulation of intravascular volume in acute myocardial infarct. Physiopathological and clinical aspects]. PMID- 7036003 TI - [Glucose and lipid metabolism in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7036004 TI - [Changes in the pharyngeal bacterial flora during hyperbaric oxygenation]. AB - Qualitative and quantitative bacteriological tests of throat smears were carried out on the following three groups of patients: 1) Patients exposed to several 90 minute sequences of oxygen hyperbaria, at a height of 2.2 ata O2, at intervals of 2 to 3 days. 2) Patients exposed to a single 30-minute dose of oxygen hyperbaria at a height of 2.5 ata O2/the oxygen test. 3) Patients who had never been exposed to oxygen hyperbaria. Several hundred bacterials strains of the Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella and Nocardia genus were isolated from the material collected from the tested patients over intervals of a few days. The collected samples were when subjected to a detailed bacteriological analysis. At the same time bacteriological tests were performed at intervals on the hyperbaric atmosphere of the therapeutic pressure chamber, the walls of the chamber, and the masks used by the patients during the administration of hyperbaric oxygen. A certain degree of qualitative and quantitative changes (number reduction of bacterial strains) was observed. The authors attribute these results to the influence of hyperbaric oxygenation both on the microorganisms, as well as on a given patient's reactivity. PMID- 7036005 TI - [Comments on an unpublished consultation by Francesco Roncati]. PMID- 7036006 TI - [Hospital infections. I. Favoring factors: 1) instrumental interventions on the urinary tract]. PMID- 7036007 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7036008 TI - [Claude Bernard and trends in physiology and medicine in the 19th century]. PMID- 7036009 TI - [The lipid pattern of the newborn infant at birth in relation to the anamnestic metabolic parameters of the parents]. PMID- 7036010 TI - [The current role of colpocytology, colposcopy and diathermocoagulation in lesions of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 7036011 TI - [Nephropathies and pregnancy. Prognostic aspects and therapeutic measures. Bibliographic review]. PMID- 7036012 TI - [Elimination of "glomerular" and "tubular" proteins in patients with orthostatic proteinuria]. PMID- 7036013 TI - Idiopathic edema treated with captopril. PMID- 7036014 TI - [Effects of changes in the sodium balance on plasma catecholamines and renin activity at rest and on their response to orthostatic stimulation in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7036015 TI - [Effect of captopril on arterial pressure, plasma renin activity and the autonomic nervous system in essential arterial hypertension with low-normal plasma renin activity]. PMID- 7036016 TI - [Clinical experience with an oral converting-enzyme inhibitor (Captopril) in hypertensive subjects]. PMID- 7036017 TI - [Double-bag CAPD with intraperitoneal insulin. Satisfactory management of diabetes and its major complications in uremic patients]. PMID- 7036018 TI - [Recent acquisitions in proteinuria. Physiopathological significance, methodological advance, clinical interpretation of urinary findings]. PMID- 7036019 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic value of complement in nephrotic syndromes]. PMID- 7036020 TI - [Risk factors, atherosclerosis and thromboembolism in the nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 7036021 TI - [Nephrotic syndrome in lupus nephropathy]. PMID- 7036022 TI - Lincoln did not have the Marfan Syndrome; documented evidence. PMID- 7036023 TI - Valedictory Miss Evelyn Beatrice Salmon. PMID- 7036024 TI - Lab processed provisional prosthesis. PMID- 7036025 TI - ["Block variation" of the prosthetic structure for prosthetic equilibrium]. PMID- 7036026 TI - Dental pioneer and inventor honored (Dr. James B. Morrison). PMID- 7036027 TI - Immunoblastic sarcoma: morphologic criteria and the distinction of B and T cell types. AB - Immunologic concepts have facilitated the recognition within the histiocytic lymphoma group of the Rappaport classification of five diagnostic categories of lymphoma (follicular center cell lymphoma large cleaved and large non-cleaved types, immunoblastic sarcoma B cell type, immunoblastic sarcoma T cell type and 'true histiocytic lymphoma'). The first four of these 'large cell lymphomas' are closely related biologically and are difficult to distinguish histologically. This paper purports to examine the morphologic criteria employed in the differential diagnosis of these four large cell lymphomas in an objective manner, utilizing carefully prepared histologic sections from 24 cases of lymphoma that had been subjected to detailed B and T cell characterization by surface marker methods. 18 morphologic criteria were evaluated by four observers independently. The results show that reliable histologic distinctions can be made on histologic grounds in a proportion of cases only and that individual criteria show more overlap within diagnostic criteria than previously recognized. This is attributed in part to the close biologic relationship of these neoplasms. It is also recognized that the morphologic criteria are subtle and that the pathologist should have the advantage of auxiliary techniques--cytochemistry, immunohistology, surface marker techniques--to achieve reliable distinction of functional types within the diffuse histiocytic group of Rappaport. PMID- 7036028 TI - Radioimmunometric demonstration of immunoglobulin G on cancer cells derived from malignant pleural effusions. AB - Well-preserved viable cancer cells, lymphocytes and mesothelial cells were prepared from various human malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions by a Ficoll-Hypaque discontinuous gradient. Using 125I-labelled protein A from Staphylococcus aureus as tracer, IgG was found on all cancer cells and also on apparently non-malignant mesothelial cells. Loss of cell surface IgG by overnight incubation, and fluctuation of surface IgG levels in the same patient occurred with cancer cells as well as with mesothelial cells. The IgG in vivo coat of cancer cells reflected the IgG levels of the sera rather than those of the pleural effusions. Binding of IgG from autologous and allogeneic sera and from supernatants of acid and mild overnight elution of cancer cells and mesothelial cells did not indicate a cancer-specific uptake of IgG. Various unspecific modes of IgG uptake by cancer cells are discussed including the possibility of a non immune mechanism. Modification and loss of antigens by metastatic cells have also been considered. PMID- 7036029 TI - Dental materials today. Part II: Current developments. PMID- 7036030 TI - Keratoplasty. PMID- 7036031 TI - The prevalence of Candida albicans in the mouths of tobacco smokers with and without oral mucous membrane keratoses. PMID- 7036032 TI - A comparison of methods used in root canal sealability studies. AB - The purpose of the study was to compare several methods that have been used to assess marginal leakage of root canal fillings. Sixty-three extracted, single rooted teeth were instrumented and filled in a standardized manner. Teeth were randomly divided into groups of twenty and exposed to solutions containing methylene blue dye, calcium-45, carbon-14-labeled urea, and iodine-125-labeled albumin for 48 hours to compare the degree of leakage indicated by each technique. Methylene blue dye was found to penetrate farther up the canal than any of the isotope tracers. Carbon-14-labeled urea penetrated farther than the calcium-45- or iodine-125-labeled albumin. The mean volume of solution penetrating the teeth was exceedingly small (0.0011 ml) and probably unimportant physiologically. PMID- 7036033 TI - Statistical contrast enhancement of subtraction images for radiographic caries diagnosis. AB - The effects of the nonlinear contrast-enhancement technique are examined in terms of diagnostic performance obtainable from subtracted dental radiographs for a variety of simulated exposures. Conventional bitewing radiographs of patients known to be free of caries were digitized by means of a computer interfaced with a conventional television camera. The resulting images were duplicated and stored in the computer. Radiolucencies similar in appearance to interproximal caries were simulated analytically in one set of the images. Reference images were superimposed spatially and subtracted from their counterparts containing the induced interproximal lesions after simulating the effects of quantum limited exposure on both sets. This was done for each separate image element independently by replacing original gray levels in each image with levels determined by a Poisson random deviate. The resulting difference images were contrast enhanced by a method which first smooths out local variations in gray level and then reassigns gray-level values in a way determined by the observed second-order spatial statistics. To aid in localization, these images were then again subtracted from the original noise-degraded pictures without lesions, rendering images similar to conventional radiographs but contrast enhanced. Observer performance by means of these enhanced images was compared with that produced from unenhanced-lesion-containing controls. The results suggest that enhancement increases the certainty with which diagnosis can be made and, further, that diagnostic accuracy can be improved in severely degraded images which simulate the effects of reduced levels of exposure. PMID- 7036034 TI - [Comparative clinical and x-ray evaluation of different methods for the surgical fixation of injured vertebrae]. PMID- 7036035 TI - [Diagnosis of body hypersensitivity to x-ray contrast preparations in spinal osteochondrosis]. PMID- 7036036 TI - [50th anniversary of the Sverdlovsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics]. PMID- 7036037 TI - [Mutagenic contamination of various water samples from the Danube River]. PMID- 7036038 TI - [Systematic research or chance? Thoughts on the centenary of the birth of Fleming]. PMID- 7036039 TI - [Shibasaburo Kitasato]. PMID- 7036040 TI - [50th anniversary of the Hungarian Society of Physiology]. PMID- 7036041 TI - [Centenary of the 2 Gyergyais]. PMID- 7036042 TI - [Controversies about Laennec's biography]. PMID- 7036043 TI - [Josef Skoda]. PMID- 7036044 TI - [Jozsef Rez, 1st Hungarian practicing ophthalmologist]. PMID- 7036045 TI - Complement activation in nonsystemic glomerular diseases in children. AB - All forms of glomerulonephritis (GN) in man seem to be immunologically mediated and the complement system appears as one of the most important mediators of renal injury. The study of complement activation is therefore of great help in the identification of the immunopathogenic process involved in the various types of glomerular diseases. After a review of the molecular events of complement activation and the methods used to study the complement system in man, we will attempt to summarize current knowledge concerning complement in nonsystemic glomerular diseases frequently encountered in children. The terms used are those descriptive of glomerular morphology as defined either by light microscopy and electron microscopy (endocapillary-proliferative GN with humps, extramembranous GN, membranoproliferative GN) or by immunofluorescent microscopy (mesangial IgA GN). PMID- 7036046 TI - Treatment of the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. AB - Most of the paediatric patients presenting with nephrotic syndrome (NS) have a nephrosis (minimal glomerular changes with or without focal lesion NS) and most of them are characterized by a clear-cut steroid response: a complete remission is rapidly obtained with high dose of glucocorticoids. Many of them, however, relapse during or after the treatment's withdrawal. Most often, these patients can be managed for several years with long-term alternate-day steroid therapy. Alkylating agents must be used exclusively when the doses of steroids required result in severe toxicity. In other types of NS (steroid resistant nephrosis, membranous and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritides) the efficiency of drugs is not established. Whatever the cause for the NS, adequate supportive therapy is necessary. The constant aim is to allow the patient a normal physical, school and social activity. PMID- 7036047 TI - [You find the diagnosis. Diagnosis: agenesis of the upper left lobe of the lung with accompanying malformations]. PMID- 7036048 TI - Selected bibliography. PMID- 7036049 TI - Psychological interventions for chronic pain: a critical review. I. Relaxation training and biofeedback. PMID- 7036050 TI - Psychological interventions for chronic pain: a critical review. II. Operant conditioning, hypnosis, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. PMID- 7036051 TI - The binding of antibodies from Plasmodium berghei-infected rats to isoantigenic and parasite-specific antigenic sites on the surfaces of infected reticulocytes. AB - Ferritin-labelling techniques at the ultrastructural level have shown that antiserum from August rats immune to P. berghei infection contains antibodies which bind to the surfaces of parasitized reticulocytes but not to uninfected cells. Two antibody specificities have been demonstrated by comparing antisera i absorbed with infected reticulocytes, ii absorbed with uninfected reticulocytes, and iii unabsorbed. Ferritin labeling was much increased with antiserum preabsorbed with uninfected reticulocytes, and also with heat-inactivated serum, indicating a blocking effect on parasite-specific antibody binding by cold reacting anti-erythrocyte isoantibodies known to be present. Energy-dependent aggregation, shedding and endocytosis of labelled material was observed at the surfaces of unfixed infected reticulocytes. PMID- 7036052 TI - [Hypertension and the arterial wall]. AB - The hypertensive arteriopathy is the complication of any blood pressure augmentation, whatever its cause. It results from the association of: 1. Enlargement of arterial and arteriolar media, due to a double process of smooth muscle cells hypertrophy and hyperplasia, usually considered as secondary to arterial smooth muscle overworking. 2. Degenerative changes and fibrosis of the media likely due to exudative phenomena and transfer of blood throughout the arterial wall. 3. Initimal proliferation is constituted by cells which resemble to smooth muscle cells and are usually considered as cells coming from the media and invading the intima. 4. Exudation of several elements coming from the blood (fibrinogen, plasma globulins, red corpuscles) are the common denominator of accelerated hypertension. PMID- 7036053 TI - Biochemistry of bile acids in health and disease. PMID- 7036054 TI - The diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. PMID- 7036055 TI - Pathogenesis of sickle cell disease. PMID- 7036056 TI - Prolactin update. PMID- 7036057 TI - Anatomy and histopathology of human parathyroid glands. PMID- 7036058 TI - Malakoplakia. PMID- 7036059 TI - Lymphoma and leukemia of t-lymphocytes. PMID- 7036060 TI - The major inflammatory myopathies of unknown cause. PMID- 7036061 TI - Thecosis. PMID- 7036062 TI - The pathobiology of the human calcitonin (C)-cell: a review. PMID- 7036063 TI - Ductular damage in liver transplant rejection: its similarity to that of primary biliary cirrhosis and graft-versus-host disease. PMID- 7036064 TI - The renal papilla and hypertension: an up-to-date review. PMID- 7036065 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 7036066 TI - Histopathologic differential diagnosis of the thyroid. PMID- 7036067 TI - Leydig, Sertoli, and Reinke: three anatomists who were on the ball. PMID- 7036068 TI - Diagnostic electron microscopy. I. Hematology: differential diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloblastic leukemia. Use of ultrastructural peroxidase cytochemistry and routine electron microscopic technology. AB - We have described in detail a number of ultrastructural methods which we have found to be useful for the evaluation of hematologic cases submitted to our diagnostic electron microscopic unit. The techniques include the preparation of peripheral blood for study as both buffy coat and cell suspension specimens and the preparation of bone marrow spicules. Ultrastructural methods for the demonstration of glycogen and peroxidase are detailed. The study of such material includes light microscopic study of plastic-embedded, alkaline-Giemsa-stained one micron sections as well as ultrastructural studies. All hematological cases submitted for ultrastructural analysis in a two-year period were reviewed and are presented here. The identification of individual mature cells was relatively simple using light microscopy. Populations of blasts could also easily be recognized. Further differentiation of blasts, primarily lymphoblasts or myeloblasts, was done using ultrastructural cytochemistry where needed. These techniques can easily be done in electron microscopy units concerned with diagnostic work. We submit that pathologists and hematologists should have access to the diagnostic tools described here in order to manage patients with acute leukemia. PMID- 7036069 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome: a dilemma of maternal alcoholism. AB - The existence of FAS can no longer be denied; reports of greater than 200 cases which fall into a phenotypically recognizable continuum justify its existence. At this point, however, it is probably prudent to withhold judgment of the specific human teratogenicity of alcohol until more refined information regarding dose risk relationships are available not only from humans, but also from animal models, including primates. It may be that Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, at this point, should be considered the Fetal Alcoholism Syndrome. At any rate, until much more is known, it would seem advisable to observe the Biblical admonition the "thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and (therefore now drink no wine or strong drink" (Judges 13:7). PMID- 7036070 TI - Science in Poland. The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology. AB - The Nencki Institute in Warsaw was founded in 1918 to honor one of Poland's most distinguished biochemists, Marceli Nencki. Since its inception, the institute has evolved from a confederation of privately supported laboratories to a center of research productivity intimately associated with the Polish Academy of Sciences. Early relations with Pavlov's laboratory laid the foundation for the emergence of a Polish School of Neurophysiology under the leadership of Jersy Konorski. The impact of Konorski and his colleagues has transformed the interpretation of conditioning to include a systematic physiologic basis that more adequately considers the psychology of learning processes. The prestige of the Nencki Institute within contemporary Eastern European and Soviet science was achieved despite the economic pressures on a new nation and its total devastation of World War II. Moreover, the more than 60 years of scientific work in an independent Poland have provided a critical transition between Eastern and Western research efforts, and the Nencki Institute has filled a leading role in facilitating communication among scientists. PMID- 7036071 TI - In memory of E. A. Asratyan. PMID- 7036072 TI - Remembering E. A. Asratyan. PMID- 7036073 TI - The diagnosis and management of headaches in childhood. AB - Chronic headaches are relatively common in children and adolescents. The majority of these are benign and do not reflect organic pathology. Diagnosis can usually be made by careful history and physical examination, and extensive laboratory investigations are rarely required. Most children can be managed with reassurance, simple analgesics, and mild sedation. For more severe cases, particularly of migraine, effective pharmacologic agents are available. The prognosis is favorable. Very few of these children go on to develop significant intracranial pathology, and the majority will remit spontaneously. A significant number, however, do have chronic headaches in adult life. PMID- 7036074 TI - Umbilical cord length as an index of fetal activity: experimental study and clinical implications. AB - Umbilical cord length varies considerably and the factors controlling cord length are unknown. Experiments in rat fetuses indicate that (1) restriction of fetal movements by oligohydramnios leads to short cord. The umbilical cords were significantly shorter in proportion to the duration or time of onset of the oligohydramnios. The mean cord length represented 65% of littermate control values when persistent oligohydramnios was induced on day 15, 71% for day 16 and 78% for day 17 (term day 21). (2) Suppression of fetal movements by curarization from day 18 on leads to short cords, irrespective of amniotic fluid volume. The paralyzed fetuses with polyhydramnios had a mean cord length representing 85% of sham operated controls, and those with oligohydramnios and paralysis had a similar mean cord length, 86% of controls. (3) Extra-uterine pregnancies with the fetuses free in the maternal abdominal cavity, yet attached to their umbilical cords, led to cords measuring 147% of littermate controls. (4) In contrast, when the extra-uterine fetuses were fixed to the uterine horn, close to the placental implantation site, with little or no stretch applied to the cord, the mean cord length was 90% od littermate controls. These results indicate that tensile forces on the cord secondary to fetal movements are important determinants of cord length. PMID- 7036075 TI - Plasma renin activity and the response to sodium depletion in salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 7036076 TI - Projecting physician requirements for child health care-1990. AB - In 1976 the Secretary of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare appointed the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC) with the charge to advise the Secretary on five national health planning objectives, including estimates of the numbers of physicians required to meet the health care needs of the nation, recommendations regarding the most appropriate specialty distribution of these physicians, and development of strategies to achieve the recommendations formulated by the committee. GMENAC evaluated projected supply and requirements for all major specialties, including child health care, for 1990, and recommended strategies to bring supply and requirement into reasonable balance. Despite the range of error of the methodology used, these data represent the most detailed scientific study to date on this subject. Pediatrics, the portion of child health care accruing to the pediatrician in 1990 was projected to be in "near balance" for supply/requirement ratio. Inasmuch as GMENAC recommended that larger surpluses be created deliberately in the three primary care fields, it is unlikely that the numbers of pediatric residency training programs will be decreased. As several hundred pediatric residency positions are unfilled each year, a concomitant decrease in residency offerings in oversupplied fields would be required to accomplish the recommended subspecialty distribution. PMID- 7036077 TI - Simon de Vallambert on the treatment of diarrhea in infants (1565). PMID- 7036078 TI - Nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation for minor surgery? PMID- 7036079 TI - Ampicillin-resistant, beta-lactamase-negative haemophilus influenzae type b. PMID- 7036080 TI - Echocardiography in Aspergillus endocarditis. PMID- 7036081 TI - Wundt's views on sensations of innervation: a reevaluation. AB - It is sometimes stated that Wundt believed in the primacy of 'sensations of innervation' in the control of eye and limb position, to the exclusion of afferent feedback. Wundt's own statements on the subject are traced through the six editions of the Grundzuge: he believed that sensations of innervation were a contributory factor along with peripheral feedback; but in the fourth edition he dropped the term and subsumed them under 'central sensations of senses', because increased neurophysiological knowledge made a literal interpretation of the original term impossible. In the fifth edition he developed a more precise model of central processes, described as 'sensory costimulation', and an additional idea of 'reproduced' or conditioned sensations. He mentions clinical evidence on the perception of eye and limb position of weight by paralysed and other subjects. This evidence is discussed in relation to modern theories. It is concluded that Wundt's later theories have some similarities with modern "hybrid' theories of efference-contingent afference. PMID- 7036082 TI - The letter-frequency effect and the generality of familiarity effects on perception. PMID- 7036083 TI - A tutorial on some issues and methods in serial pattern research. PMID- 7036084 TI - [Crede's prevention method has lost its justification today]. PMID- 7036085 TI - The effect of various stress treatments on the coagulase test in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Coagulase production of 77 coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus strains stressed before plating on Baird-Parker agar were studied directly from Baird Parker agar and from BHI broth on strains subcultured first from baird-Parker agar. Reduced pH, heat treatment and repeated freezing and lyophilization caused false-negative coagulase reactions carried out directly from Baird-Parker agar. No false-negative reactions were observed after simple freezing. The different stress treatments had no effect on coagulase production carried out from BHI broth. Coagulase tubes inoculated directly from Baird-Parker agar have to be incubated for longer time for a positive reaction than tubes inoculated from BHI broth. In the case of foods not heavily processed, it is possible to reduce the time for identification of S. aureus by performing the coagulase test directly from Baird-Parker agar. PMID- 7036086 TI - Deep-freezing of cow embryos. A review. AB - The original methods of storage of cow blastocysts involved slow freezing down to -60 degrees C combined with slow thawing. However, short freezing curves with plunge temperatures between -30 to -40 degrees C will give high survival/pregnancy rates when rapid thawing is applied, i.e. direct transfer into water at 37 degrees C. Early reports on freezing of mammalian embryos utilized DMSO as a cryoprotectant, but recent work seems to indicate that glycerol might be marginally better than DMSO in work with cow embryos. Seventeen out of 29 (59%) non-surgically transferred deep-frozen thawed embryos resulted in established pregnancies (greater than 60 days) (Table I:12) indicating that deep freezing of cattle blastocysts when optimally applied only lowers results marginally compared to direct transfer. PMID- 7036087 TI - [Outcome of the adult acute respiratory distress syndrome. Predictive value of a severity index calculated from arterial oxygenation (author's transl)]. AB - A retrospective study was carried out a group of 50 adult patients who had presented with acute respiratory distress syndrome and had all been treated by mechanically controlled ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). The predictive value of the so-called "severity index" was tested. This index, which is used from the second day of treatment onward to predict with strong probability whether the lung lesions will subside or develop, is obtained from the PaO2 after corrections taking into account the FiO2 and the PEEP level. The study also supplied information on the outcome of lung lesions which may result in one of four possible courses of about equal frequency: the patient may either die or be cured rapidly after less than a week of assisted ventilation, or he may die at a later date or be cured slowly after more than a week of assisted ventilation. PMID- 7036088 TI - [Serum pepsinogen: its value as index of basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion (author's transl)]. AB - Group I pepsinogen serum levels (PG I) and gastric acid outputs were determined before ("basal") and after pentagastrin or insulin stimulation in 13 patients with active duodenal ulcer and in 4 patients with hyperselective vagotomy. There was a statistically significant correlation between basal PG I serum level and basal acid output (r = 0,88, p less than 0,01) and between PG I serum level 45 min after stimulation and peak acid output (r = 0,68, p less than 0,01). However, the scattering of individual values was such that serum PG I cannot be used as an index of gastric acid secretion in clinical practice. PMID- 7036089 TI - [Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Post-operative infections are of course due to bacterial contamination, but also to local conditions favourable to bacterial growth, and to lowering of host defences. Antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated in "clean-contamined" surgery, in surgery on immunodepressed patient and in bone prosthesis. The risk is mainly ecological. Antibiotics are useless when administered after the first post operative day. The results of well-conducted controlled studies demonstrating, for instance, the value of metronidazole in surgery of the large bowel and appendix are reported. PMID- 7036090 TI - [Origin of bone cells (author's transl)]. AB - Is has now been well established that osteoclasts are issued from haematopoietic stem-cells and are close relatives of monocytes. However, osteoblasts come from the medullary stroma and are part of the fibroblastic lineage. The precise physiological mechanisms of bone resorption and formation are still unknown, but the numerous experimental studies on this subject recently had an unexpected therapeutic application: human osteopetrosis can be cured by grafts of haematopoietic bone-marrow. PMID- 7036091 TI - [The ashes of Baron Larrey]. PMID- 7036092 TI - [Long-acting secretin for the prevention of stress ulcers in surgery (author's transl)]. AB - A double-blind trial with placebo conducted on 100 patients likely to develop stress ulcers after major surgery showed that prophylactic treatment with a long acting secretin in doses of 10 clinical units twice daily is extremely effective. PMID- 7036093 TI - [Modified, rapid intradermal continuous running suture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036094 TI - [Of chance and necessity: the discovery of the Fletcher factor (prekallikrein)]. PMID- 7036095 TI - Developing skills in grant writing. PMID- 7036097 TI - Nursing fellowship opportunities for advanced studies. PMID- 7036096 TI - Toward a new psychology for nurses. PMID- 7036098 TI - The register of nurses in the Scottish poor law service 1885-1919. PMID- 7036099 TI - Critical care of the child with burns. AB - Nursing care of the burned child requires an understanding of the pathophysiology of burn injury, the response of children to burn trauma, the impact of injury on the child and his or her parents, and the child's developmental needs, among others. Immediately following injury, burn shock represents a life-threatening problem. Treatment involves administration of Ringer's lactated solution for the first 24 hours, followed by plasma. Measures to enhance oxygen delivery to tissues are important nursing interventions. Airway damage may also be present and requires prompt assessment and treatment. Sepsis is the major cause of death and morbidity among burn victims. Immaculate care of the burn wound, monitoring for sepsis, and strict infection control procedures are essential. Interrelated with sepsis prevention and wound healing is adequate nutritional management. Diet, enteral hyperalimentation, and parenteral nutritional therapy may be required to meet the child's extraordinary nutritional requirements. PMID- 7036100 TI - Down memory lane: the bottomless pit. PMID- 7036101 TI - [Comparison of 2 bacteriological methods. Sputum examination associated with the immunoelectrophoretic analysis of the blood serum in the detection of Haemophilus influenzae infection in chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7036102 TI - [Broncholytic effect of salbutamol, ventolin and berotec aerosols in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7036103 TI - [Progressive cavernous changes in the lungs after pulmonary aspergillosis]. PMID- 7036104 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen in normal, transitional and inflamed colonic mucosa. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) had been demonstrated immunocytochemically in normal colorectal mucosa (resection margins of colonic carcinomas), in transitional mucosa (mucosa adjacent to carcinomas), in non-specific proctitis and colitis, and in ulcerative colitis. In the resection margins and in non specific proctitis and colitis, specific CEA staining is generally observed at the surface epithelium. In transitional mucosa, CEA staining is most intense in branching crypts and at the base of the crypts. In ulcerative colitis, areas with regenerative activity as well as precancerous or cancerous specimens exhibit an intense CEA positive membrane straining. In conclusion, colonic tissue with a high proliferative activity, such as transitional mucosa and ulcerative colitis, show a more intense CEA staining than normal colonic tissue. Moreover, the staining pattern is different in proliferating tissues as compared to normal tissue. A pronounced membrane staining in ulcerative colitis indicates rather a higher proliferative activity than cancer or precancer. PMID- 7036105 TI - The effect of LHRH antagonist analogs and an antibody to LHRH on mating behavior in female rats. AB - The action of two antagonist analogs and an antibody to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) on sexual receptivity was studied in avariectomized, estrogen-progesterone primed female rats. Small amounts of each LHRH substance or saline was infused through a cannula positioned in either the third ventricle or arcuate-ventromedial (ARC-VMH) area of the hypothalamus. Infusions were carried out at the time of progesterone priming, which was 42 hrs post-estrogen treatment, and sexual receptivity, as denoted by the lordosis-to-mount ratio, was measured six hrs later. One antagonist analog, [D-pGlu1, D-Phe2, D-Trp3,6] LHRH[1], had little or no effect on sexual receptivity when tested in either site. Similarly, an antibody to LHRH, tested only in the ARC-VMH, had no observable effect on lordotic behavior. However, the second and the most potent antagonist analog, [Ac-dehydro-Pro1, pCl-D-Phe2, D-Trp3,6]-LHRH[2], produced a marked and significant decrement in lordotic behavior when infused into either the third ventricle or ARC-VMH. These results suggest that this potent and long acting, competitive antagonist analog of LHRH prevented endogenous LHRH from exerting its normal role in the induction of sexual receptivity and provide evidence to support the contention that the role of LHRH in mediating receptivity in the female rat is physiologically relevant. PMID- 7036106 TI - Tritium labeling of gonadotropin releasing hormone in its proline and histidine residues. AB - 3,4-dehydroproline9-GnRH prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis was tritiated catalytically under various conditions yielding 3H-GnRH with specific radioactivities in the range from 35-60 Ci/mmol and full LH releasing activity in vitro. Using palladium/alumina catalyst, the tritiation of the double bond occurs within ten minutes. Investigation of the tritium distribution between the amino acid residues showed a remarkably high incorporation of tritium into the histidine residue (11 to 37%). On the basis of this observation, the tritium labeling of GnRH and angiotensin I by direct catalytic hydrogen-tritium exchange was found to be useful for the labeling of these peptides at remarkably high specific radioactivity. PMID- 7036107 TI - Mapping of motilin-immunoreactive neurons of the rat brain. AB - Motilin immunofluorescence was observed in the rat brain by means of N- and C terminally directed antisera. A detailed mapping of the localization of motilin like immunoreactive neurons in the rat forebrain is presented. Colchicine pretreatment revealed many cell bodies in the mediobasal hypothalamus. A small number of cells were observed in the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT) region. A rich innervation of varicose fibers was observed in the median eminence and OVLT. Fibers of varying densities were observed in the preoptic area, nucleus interstitialis stria terminalis, hypothalamic nuclei, basal hypothalamus, amygdala, mammillary doby and central gray. The localization of these neurons suggests that motilin, like other brain peptides serves a variety of functions including neuroendocrine regulation. PMID- 7036108 TI - Presence and localization of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) within the olfactory bulbs of adult male and female rats. AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay was employed to measure the immunoreactive luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) concentration from localized areas within the olfactory bulbs of adult male and female rats. Although no significant sex differences or lateralization were obtained, LHRH concentration within the posterior half of the olfactory bulb was significantly greater than that obtained in the anterior half for both males and females. The presence of LHRH within the olfactory bulbs and localization to areas involved in the chemical stimulation of reproductive processes suggests the possibility that this olfactory bulb LHRH may be involved in mediating pheromonally stimulated endocrinological responses. PMID- 7036109 TI - [Application of stabilized barium sulphate suspension (Polfa) for double-contrast examination of the colon. Clinical assessment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036110 TI - [Nutritional nitrates and nitrites and the health status]. PMID- 7036111 TI - [Infections after splenectomy]. PMID- 7036112 TI - [Various aspects of immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 7036113 TI - [Revival of various important branches of the Polish health service in 1945]. PMID- 7036114 TI - [Methods of examining and evaluating morphological changes in small intestine mucosa]. PMID- 7036115 TI - [Diagnostic value of alkaline phosphatase in peripheral blood granulocytes]. PMID- 7036116 TI - [Karol Klecki (1866-1931) - a prominent pathologist and professor of the Chair of Medicine in Cracow (on the 50th anniversary of his death)]. PMID- 7036118 TI - Primary care physician's book list. PMID- 7036117 TI - Studies on the behavioral and hypotensive effects of intraventricular prostacyclin (PGI2) in rats. AB - Intraventricular injection of prostacyclin (PGI2) slightly depressed the general behavior and produced a weak hypothermia in rats. It shortened the response to a thermal nociceptive stimulus and intensified catalepsy caused by chloropromazine and haloperidol. PGI2 did not change concentration of noradrenaline, 4 hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and dopamine in different brain areas. It markedly lowered blood pressure and increased respiration. The duration of central hypotensive effect of PGI2 was shortened after 6-hydroxydopamine on 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine pretreatment. The possible involvement of a central mechanism in the hypotensive action of PGI2 requires further clarification. PMID- 7036119 TI - Diabetes mellitus: a rational plan for management. PMID- 7036120 TI - Rubella diagnostic tests: what is a significant result? PMID- 7036121 TI - Emergency treatment of facial lacerations. PMID- 7036122 TI - Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection with group B Streptococcus. PMID- 7036123 TI - Rectal temperature and blood chemical responses of young chickens given E. coli endotoxin. AB - Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of intravenous injections of bacterial endotoxin in broiler chicks. In both experiments 5-weeks old chicks were given a single intravenous injection of either distilled water (control) or 1 mg/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin (serotype 0.127:B8) in a volume of 1 mg/kg. In Experiment 1 rectal body temperatures were taken every hour for 24 hr postinjection. In Experiment 2, rectal temperatures and blood samples were taken at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 24 hr following the administration of endotoxin. Hematocrits and plasma glucose, protein, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus were measured at each time interval. Birds receiving endotoxin showed a significant increase in rectal temperature from 2 hr until 17 hr postinjection. The febrile response was biphasic with temperatures peaking at 3 to 5 hr and again at 9 to 12 hr. No significant changes in hematocrits occurred following endotoxin injection. Plasma protein, potassium, and calcium decreased significantly, while glucose increased significantly after endotoxin administration. No significant changes in plasma magnesium, sodium, or inorganic phosphorus were observed in endotoxin-treated chicks. PMID- 7036124 TI - Some effects of feeding deoxycorticosterone to chickens. PMID- 7036125 TI - Rapid detection of salmonellae in mechanically deboned poultry meat. AB - Samples of frozen mechanically deboned poultry (chicken and turkey) meat were examined for the presence of salmonellae by the conventional cultural method and by a modified membrane filter - disc immunoimmobilization (MFD1) procedure. The modified MFD1 procedure consisted of the following steps: pre-enrichment for 18 hr at 35 C; selective enrichment for 6 hr at 35 C; filtration of 1 ml of selective enrichment culture through a .45 micrometer membrane filter; and incubation for 18 to 24 hr at 35 C of the membrane filter on a semi-solid selective medium in the presence of a disc impregnated with Salmonella polyvalent flagellar antiserum. Presence of Salmonella in a sample was indicated by the immobilization of Salmonella on contact with the antiserum in the semi-solid medium. The modified MFDI procedure was found to be more sensitive than the conventional cultural method for the isolation of salmonella from mechanically deboned poultry meat. Of 100 samples analyzed, only 22 were positive for Salmonella by the conventional cultural procedure while 61 were positive by the modified MFDI procedure. The modified MFDI procedure yielded 1 false negative while the conventional procedure yielded 38 false negatives. PMID- 7036126 TI - Field evaluation of the membrane filter-disc immunoimmobilization technique in the detection of salmonellae in egg products. AB - The membrane filter-disc immunoimmobilization (MFDI) technique was found to more sensitive than the official US Department of Agriculture (USDA) method for the detection of salmonellae in unpasteurized egg whites, unpasteurized whole eggs, pasteurized dried eggs and pasteurized whole egg samples examined at two processing facilities over a period of 18 months. Of 70 samples of unpasteurized egg samples examined, 39 were positive for Salmonella by the official USDA method while 54 were positive by the MFDI method. All positive samples by the MFDI technique were confirmed by subculturing on differential plating media and by performing biochemical and serological tests on the isolates. Of 67 pasteurized liquid whole egg and dried egg white samples examined, all were negative for Salmonella by the USDA method while Salmonella was isolated by the MFDI technique from one sample of pasteurized whole egg product. PMID- 7036127 TI - [Prosthodontic study on restoration using autologous teeth. Part I: Removable partial denture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036128 TI - The king's evil. A case of scrofula. PMID- 7036129 TI - [Relaxation exercises. A modification of autogenic training for young children]. PMID- 7036130 TI - [Medicine with or without history? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036131 TI - [Exfoliative cytology in the uterine cervix. Possibilities, limitations and clinical consequences of a morphologic method]. PMID- 7036132 TI - [90 years of rapid-section histology]. PMID- 7036133 TI - 80 years of the FDI. PMID- 7036134 TI - Attrition and plaque defence mechanism of teeth. PMID- 7036135 TI - 80 years of the FDI. PMID- 7036136 TI - Forum: the place of prevention in medical education: past, present, and future. PMID- 7036139 TI - The primacy of prevention. PMID- 7036137 TI - The origins of disease orientation in American medical education. PMID- 7036138 TI - The teaching of preventive medicine in American medical schools, 1940--1980. PMID- 7036140 TI - [Results of a clinical study of the preparation Lenvis in leukemias in children and adults]. PMID- 7036141 TI - [Proliferative potential of hematopoietic stem cells]. PMID- 7036142 TI - [Hemoglobin interaction with organophosphorus compounds]. PMID- 7036143 TI - [Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov (on the centenary of his death)]. PMID- 7036144 TI - [Cellular characteristics in bone marrow cultures in leukemias]. PMID- 7036145 TI - Evaluation of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) as an anticoagulative agent for haemodialysis in comparison with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). AB - Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), a potent antiplatelet agent, was evaluated as an antithrombotic agent for haemodialysis in comparison with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2). When antiplatelet action was evaluated, taking the degree of associated hypotension into consideration, PGD2 was found to be superior to PGE1 and PGI2 as the latter two had the negative effect of inducing hypotension, while PGD2 had a less hypotensive effect. The suppression of the platelet function by PGD2 was observed to have only a slight influence on platelet function in systemic blood. PMID- 7036146 TI - Platelet microaggregates and release of endogenous prostacyclin during the initial phase of haemodialysis. AB - In six patients arterial blood samples were withdrawn during haemodialysis (HD) for the measurement of platelet microaggregates, platelet and leucocyte counts, pO2 and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha (the stable metabolite of prostacyclin). During the initial phase of HD the plasma concentrations of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha increased, indicating an increased release of endogenous prostacyclin. Coincidentally to this phenomenon, hypoxaemia, reduction in platelet and leucocyte counts, and an increase in number of platelet microaggregates could be observed. Since prostacyclin is able to resolve platelet aggregates, we interpret the increased prostacyclin release to be in part a self protection mechanism against embolisation of microaggregates released from the dialyser into lung and peripheral vascular systems. PMID- 7036147 TI - Improvement of hyperlipidaemia by bezafibrate treatment in RDT patients. AB - The pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effects of bezafibrate were studied in 15 RDT patients in a placebo controlled trial. Serum half life of bezafibrate was prolonged to 17--21.5 hours compared to 1.6--2.1 hours in normals. Adequate dosage in RDT patients was found to be 200mg every 3rd day. Bezafibrate treatment resulted in significant decrease in the serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, whereas HDL-cholesterol serum levels increased. Under this dosage regimen no adverse side effects were observed. Bezafibrate offers the possibility of correcting disturbances of lipid metabolism of RDT patients, possibly involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis of these patients. PMID- 7036148 TI - Intraperitoneal administration of insulin during peritoneal dialysis of diabetic patients with terminal renal failure. PMID- 7036149 TI - Renal transplantation in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Over a two year period 15 patients on CAPD and 65 patients predominantly treated by haemodialysis received first grafts. There was no difference in graft survival in these two groups. In the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients there were no post operative episodes of peritonitis, apart from one patient who had peritonitis at the time of transplantation. No technical difficulties were encountered at the time of grafting. CAPD is not a contraindication to transplantation. PMID- 7036150 TI - Hepatitis B in haemodialysis: vaccination against HBS antigen. AB - Institut Pasteur Production vaccine, prepared from plasma of chronic carriers of HBsAg (ad + ay sub-types) negative for HBeAg, inactivated by formaldehyde, containing 5 microgram HBsAg per 1ml dose, with Al (OH)3 as adjuvant, was tested in a multicentric efficacy trial. After informed consent and exclusion of subjects positive for HBsAg, anti-HBc or anti-HBs, 367 permanent staff members and 138 chronic haemodialysis patients from 64 centres were enrolled in the trial. They received randomly, double-blind, 3 subcutaneous doses of either vaccine (V) or placebo (P) at one-month intervals and were followed monthly for one year. The incidence of HBV infections was significantly lower in V than in P recipients, in staff and in patients. In staff members, no HBV infections occurred in V recipients after the second injection, whereas they were distributed throughout the whole 12 month follow-up period in P recipients. Anti HBs titres greater than or equal to 10mIU/ml were obtained in 94% of vaccinated subjects. Antibody peak (mean +/- 2 SE) reached 2433 +/- 1077mIU/ml two months after the third injection, with a further rise to about 30 times this value following a booster injection, 16 +/- 2 months after the first injection. These results demonstrate the immunogenicity and efficacy of Institut Pasteur Production hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 7036151 TI - How to prevent vascular instability: haemofiltration. AB - Most investigators agree that the remarkable tolerance of the vascular system to fluid withdrawal by haemofiltration is one of the most important advantages of this method. On the other hand it has been shown that blood pressure can be normalised in patients with dialysis-resistant hypertension by applying haemofiltration. The preservation of extracellular osmotic pressure during haemofiltration, obviously caused by the maintenance of a relatively high extracellular Na+ concentration, may induce a rapid and effective refilling of this compartment thus preventing vascular instability. A concept which may explain the apparently contradictory effect of haemofiltration on hypo- and hypertension, is proposed. PMID- 7036152 TI - Prophylaxis of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) by a simple microbiological patient self-check. AB - For prophylaxis of peritonitis a simple microbiological patient self-check method was developed. By regular twice daily cultivation of dialysate drainage in a tube with nutrient medium (= Dialysate-Digest Medium-tube method) a latent peritoneal infection can be detected before the symptoms of peritonitis appear. The outbreak of peritonitis can then be prevented by early antibiotic treatment. After the dialysate digest medium-tube method was introduced in our CAPD programme the incidence of peritonitis was reduced from 5.6 to 0.5 episodes per patient year. PMID- 7036153 TI - Transplantation in children: technical aspects, drug therapy and problems related to primary renal disease. PMID- 7036154 TI - Induction of specific unresponsiveness in kidney transplant recipients. PMID- 7036155 TI - Early evaluation of Ia monoclonal antibodies in prolonging non-human primate skin allograft survival. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MCA) specific against one subset of lymphocytes (anti-B) were used in treating skin allograft rejection in Rhesus monkeys. Rhesus monkeys were treated daily with intravenous MCA until the skin graft was rejected. The dose of the MCA was adjusted according to the peripheral B-cell counts obtained by rosetting technique as well as by indirect immunofluorescence. We finally achieved a safe dose, though the margin of safety was narrow. We also noted that the B-cell count dropped to a significant degree and that the survival of the skin graft was prolonged. PMID- 7036156 TI - Pathogenic approach to the hypophosphataemia of renal transplantation. PMID- 7036157 TI - Cell-mediated immunity during RDT and the outcome of transplantation. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated depression of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in uraemia. We have measured CMI in a group of 248 patients on regular dialysis using a quantitative dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) skin test which gives a score of 0 to 15. Ninety-eight of these patients subsequently had first cadaver transplants and the relationship between the DNCB score and graft survival has been examined. Graft survival was found to decline progressively with higher DNCB scores. Blood transfusion also had a major influence on graft survival and the relation between the DNCB score and outcome was observed in all the blood transfusion groups. PMID- 7036158 TI - Controlled trial of low versus high dose oral steroid therapy in 100 cadaveric renal transplants. PMID- 7036159 TI - Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation in Europe, XI, 1980. PMID- 7036160 TI - 'Nephrotoxicity' and metabolic acidosis in transplant patients on cyclosporin A. AB - Renal function, as represented by serum creatinine and creatinine clearance, 18 to 24 months after renal transplantation was studied in 21 patients receiving Cyclosporin A and compared with that of 25 patients on corticosteroids and azathioprine. Although renal function at six months post transplantation was significantly poorer in those patients on Cyclosporin A compared with those on conventional therapy, it did not deteriorate with time. No significant alteration in renal function was observed in five hepatic transplant recipients on Cyclosporin A after three months. Lower serum bicarbonate was observed more frequently in those renal transplant recipients on Cyclosporin A than in those on conventional therapy, reflecting possible tubular damage. PMID- 7036161 TI - Experimental normothermic kidney preservation: histological considerations. PMID- 7036162 TI - A comparison of two approaches to the problem of early acute rejection of renal transplants. PMID- 7036163 TI - Immunosuppressive effect of bredinin in the management of patients with renal transplantation. AB - Clinical effects of bredinin were evaluated in 18 renal transplant patients. Of 12 cases in which administration of azathioprine was suspended due to liver dysfunction and leucopenia, treatment with bredinin resulted in amelioration of these symptoms without harm to the transplanted kidneys in 10 cases. In six other cases, bredinin was used from the time of renal transplantation, and the postoperative course in four of these cases was uneventful, enabling these patients to return to society. The remaining two patients have had to undergo haemodialysis again as their transplanted kidneys failed to function and they showed severe stomatitis in the early postoperative period. The results of clinical use of bredinin in renal transplant patients suggest that this drug is an effective immunosuppressive agent which is without the drawbacks seen with azathioprine. Nonetheless, one must bear in mind that the function of the transplanted kidney should be evaluated carefully before using this drug. PMID- 7036164 TI - Induction of specific transplantation tolerance via immunisation with donor directed idiotype(s). AB - We have re-explored the efficiency of anti-idiotypic immunisation on the generation of transplantation tolerance to cardiac allografts in the rat. Recipient Lewis rats were immunised using 13 different protocols with different doses of anti-DA or anti-BN idiotype(s) and different adjuvants. Four protocols proved successful. Immunisation with Lewis anti-BN blasts either in complete Freund's adjuvant or in muramyl dipeptide (MDP) prolonged the survival of a congeneic AgB incompatible L.BN cardiac allograft from 6.7 +/- 0.3 to 26.8 +/- 5.1 and to greater than 30 +/- 0.0 days, respectively. Immunisation with Lewis anti-T cell 'receptor' in complete Freund's and in MDP increased the survival of a DA heart allograft in Lewis recipients from 6.0 +/- 0.0 days to 13.2 +/- 0.8 and 10.0 +/- 4.0 days, respectively, indicating that most of the MHC effect was also overcome here. The prolongations of survival were immunologically specific, and accompanied by a specific deletion of the relevant alloantibody response. So far no generation of anti-idiotypic antibody in the immunised recipient has been detected; instead, a successful immunisation seems to be accompanied by the generation of immunising idiotype-directed cytotoxic (T?) lymphocytes in the recipient. PMID- 7036165 TI - Should the upper age limit for cadaveric kidney donors be changed? AB - In view of the persistent shortage of donor organs a retrospective study was performed to determine whether the upper age limit for cadaveric donors can be changed. As in many transplant centres the arbitrary age limit of 50 years is in use, we studied the results of transplantation of kidneys from donors over 50 years of age. Out of 5546 cadaveric kidneys, transplanted in the Eurotransplant area in the past ten years, 149 were from donors over 50 years of age. Apart from an increased early graft loss in the advanced age donor group, comparison of cumulative graft survival showed no negative influence of progressing donor age. The graft function, measured by creatinine clearance, was satisfactory. It is concluded that donors over 50 years of age can be a valuable source of cadaveric kidneys for transplantation. It seems justified to change the upper age limit for cadaveric kidney donors from 50 to 60 years of age, resulting in a considerable increase in the amount of potential donors. PMID- 7036166 TI - Rejection encephalopathy. AB - Thirteen patients are described who had 15 encephalopathic episodes complicating severe rejection crises following renal transplantation. Comparison was made with control rejection episodes in the same patients in which encephalopathy did not occur. The severity of the rejection episodes as measured by the rise in serum creatinine was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) in those episodes with encephalopathy than in control episodes. There was no difference from controls when comparison was made of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) or rate of rise of MABP at the time of the encephalopathy. There was no significant difference in serum potassium, sodium and calcium, weight gain/fluid retention and immunosuppressive therapy in the two groups. Effective treatment of rejection and control of fits, hypertension and fluid retention produced rapid recovery without late sequelae. PMID- 7036168 TI - Transplantation of cadaveric paediatric donor kidneys into adult recipients. AB - To assess the justification for the use of cadaveric paediatric donor (CPD) kidneys in adult recipients, the results of transplantation of 50 CPD kidneys into adult recipients (CPD group) were compared to the outcome of 250 transplantations of adult cadaveric donor kidneys into adult recipients (ACD group). No differences in graft and patient survival were observed between both groups. The functional capacity of the kidneys and the incidence of surgical and urological complications was not different in both groups. Hypertension was observed more frequently in recipients of CPD kidneys compared to recipients of ACD kidneys (p less than 0.025). The occurrence of hypertension was related to the surgical technique used for the arterial anastomosis. When no arterial patches were available hypertension occurred more frequently in the CPD group (9/9 cases) compared to the ACD group (31/70 cases) (p less than 0.01). In recipients of CPD kidneys the incidence of hypertension was lower then arterial patches were used (11/19 cases) compared to recipients of CPD kidneys where no patches were used (9/9) (p less than 0.05). The results indicate that the use of CPD kidneys in adult recipients is justified. However, to diminish the occurrence of hypertension, donor nephrectomy of CPD kidneys should take place according to the so-called en bloc technique, so that arterial patches can be obtained. PMID- 7036167 TI - Effects of blood transfusion on cellular immunity. AB - To evaluate the effect of transfusion on immunity, 14 uraemic patients treated with 3 blood transfusions from a single donor, at weekly intervals, were studied: in 5 cases HLA-A,B were compatible, in 9 cases they were not. As markers of cellular and humoral immunity DNCB, PPD skin tests, spontaneous and active E rosettes, EAC-rosettes, surface membrane immunoglobulins, C3, C4, C3d, serum immunoglobulins, circulating immune complexes and C-reactive protein were investigated. This protocol was applied before transfusions, 1 week after each transfusion (day +7, +14, +21) and 20 weeks later (day +80). Before transfusions 8/14 patients were DNCB negative; both spontaneous and active E-rosettes were below normal range. The other parameters were normal. On day +7 T and B lymphocytes were increased, while the other parameters were unmodified. On day +21 there was a significant reduction (p less than 0.5) in T lymphocytes in patients treated with compatible transfusions. On day +80 3/3 DNCB positive patients, treated with compatible transfusions, became negative and 1/3 DNCB positive patients, treated with random transfusions, also became negative. Three/fourteen patients showed a decrease in B lymphocytes. The other results were unchanged. Our preliminary results suggest that transfusions, either from an HLA compatible donor or not, can impair lymphocyte function. PMID- 7036169 TI - Enhanced renal allograft survival from azathioprine/steroid modified antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. AB - Serial antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) effector cell function estimates and renal biopsies were obtained from 74 recipients to determine the ADCC modifications induced by azathioprine/steroid therapy and the histological character of rejection associated with the modifications. Recipients with suppressed ADCC did not experience rejection episodes while recipients with non suppressed ADCC suffered graft failure following steroid-resistant rejection. The majority of recipients experienced reversible rejection episodes which were preceded by increased ADCC activity in the five day period preceding the commencement of high-dose steroid anti-rejection therapy. It was concluded that ADCC was active in the rejection process, and that in vitro ADCC measurement provided a means of monitoring the modifications induced by azathioprine/steroid therapy which promote a post-graft term free of rejection episodes. PMID- 7036170 TI - In vitro immunoresponsiveness in recipients of cadaveric renal allografts during ATG therapy. AB - Anti-human-T-cell-globulin (ATG-Fresenius) was given prophylactically in a fixed dose of 2mg per kg bodyweight to 32 renal allograft recipients in addition to a conventional immunosuppressive regimen, over a period of 20 days. ATG therapy resulted in a significant decrease of circulating T-lymphocytes, whereas B lymphocytes remained unaffected. The mitogen reactivity during therapy paralleled the T-lymphocyte profile with a maximum decrease on day 8. With in vitro testing of ATG immunoresponsiveness it could be demonstrated that patients with rejection episodes after transplantation reacted differently from patients without signs of rejection. Actuarial patient and graft survival was about 5% higher in the ATG treated group of patients than in retrospective controls. PMID- 7036171 TI - Treatment of idiopathic acute crescentic glomerulonephritis by immunodepression and plasma-exchanges. A prospective randomised study. AB - A prospective randomised trial was carried out in 14 patients with severe 'idiopathic' acute crescentic glomerulonephritis. The mean percentage of crescents was 78 per cent and 11 patients were anuric at presentation. Eight patients received pulses of methylprednisolone, immunosuppressive drugs and anticoagulants and six the same therapeutic regimen plus plasma exchanges for one to two months. Mean follow-up was 22 months. Recovery was statistically better in the PE+ group (p less than 0.02), but for discontinuation of dialysis, the difference is significant only at two months (p less than 0.02), perhaps because of the small number of patients. For this reason and because all pathological subgroups cannot be analysed separately, this study is continuing. PMID- 7036172 TI - The effects of vitamin A toxicity on calcium and lipid metabolism in chronic renal failure. AB - Serum vitamin A levels were high in haemodialysis patients, and were found to correlate with plasma calcium, triglyceride, cholesterol and insulin levels. Vitamin A containing multivitamin supplements were found to contribute to increased serum vitamin A levels, and their withdrawal in seven patients caused a significant decrease in serum vitamin A and calcium levels, with no effect on lipid levels. Vitamin A containing preparations should therefore be prescribed with caution in these patients. PMID- 7036173 TI - Combined report on regular dialysis and transplantation of children in Europe, 1980. PMID- 7036174 TI - Effect of captopril on the systemic and renal responses to acute isotonic volume expansion in normal man. AB - Systemic, humoral and renal responses to isotonic volume expansion (VE, 1800ml in 3 hours) were assessed in normal subjects before and during captopril administration (CEI). Captopril, which otherwise induced a decrease in pre-saline mean arterial pressure (MAP) unmasked the volume-dependence of MAP since during captopril administration MAP increased linearly during volume expansion (+18.7 +/ 3.8% at the end of VE). In addition, captopril prevented the fall in plasma aldosterone produced by VE but did not modify the natriuretic response to saline. These results demonstrate that circulating angiotensin II is not an important determinant of the natriuretic response to volume expansion in normal man. However, a role for intrarenal renin cannot be excluded. PMID- 7036175 TI - The role of the adrenergic system in hypertension after renal transplantation. AB - Heart rate and blood pressure responses to head up tilt in renal transplant recipients were the same as in normal subjects. Resting plasma noradrenaline was higher in transplantees compared to normal subjects but did not differ between normotensive and hypertensive patients. Plasma noradrenaline rose normally in normotensive patients but did not rise in hypertensive patients in responses to head up tilt. The rise in blood pressure during noradrenaline infusion was significantly greater in hypertensive than in normotensive transplantees. The responses to infused isoprenaline were the same in both groups. Total exchangeable sodium was significantly greater in hypertensive than in normotensive patients. Extracellular fluid volume expansion associated with increased alpha receptor sensitivity to noradrenaline may cause hypertension in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 7036176 TI - An interactive graphic database microcomputer for clinical control in data intensive therapies. AB - Experiments showed a small computer could improve access to large concentrations of clinical data in renal dialysis and transplantation and enhance the clinical feedback loop which controls substitute renal function. Interactive access adds a sub-loop which allows close adaptation to clinical use. Prototype software was transferred to an LSI-11 microcomputer with 20 Mbyte cartridge discs, multiple remote VDUs and video graphic displays and printer-plotter. Data capture is both manual and by automatic transfer from laboratory computers. Push-button interaction displays clusters of data, including computed functions, as graphs and tables on variable time scales. programmed scans generate data-base analyses. The system reconfigures for individual sites. The microcomputer version has run routinely for a year and proved a practical tool at acceptable cost. Down-time has been small but strongly resented by medical and nursing staff. The system can accommodate 750 patients, but has also been 'stretched' for an oncology laboratory and configured for other specialities. PMID- 7036177 TI - Bionics in spare parts medicine: management and clinical issues. PMID- 7036178 TI - Embryology of the lymphoid system. PMID- 7036179 TI - Relationship between aging and immune system. PMID- 7036180 TI - Molecular basis for T lymphocyte recognition of antigens. PMID- 7036181 TI - T cell tumors, clones, and hybrids. PMID- 7036182 TI - T4 head assembly and high temperature. PMID- 7036183 TI - Bacteriophage-host interactions in assembly. AB - Because of their small genome size and their parasitic way of life, bacteriophages have obligatorily evolved in such a way as to efficiently utilize many of the bacterial functions necessary for DNA replication, transcription, translation, and morphogenesis. In many instances the phage and host functions act in parallel in these processes, e.g. T4 and host DNA ligase. The specific nature of the host's contribution to phage morphogenesis is being pursued by the studies summarized here. The isolation and characterization of bacterial mutants which block phage morphogenesis, albeit at a preliminary stage, has already contributed considerable genetic information about the host's role. Future biochemical experiments, such as in vitro reconstitution, will help define the level of action of these bacterial gene products in the phage assembly process. PMID- 7036184 TI - Filamentous phage assembly: membrane insertion of the major coat protein. AB - The assembly of filamentous bacteriophages has been studied in cells infected by wild-type and mutant phage; host mutants defective in bacteriophage assembly have also been isolated. Phage assembly takes place at the membrane, and requires insertion of the viral major coat protein. We present data on the physiology of this process and on the effects of amino acid sequence variations near to the coat protein amino terminus on membrane insertion, processing, and phage assembly. PMID- 7036185 TI - Technical and therapeutic applications of plasma exchange. PMID- 7036186 TI - Granulocyte transfusion physiology. PMID- 7036187 TI - Granulocyte concentrates: should they be routinely irradiated? PMID- 7036188 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia. PMID- 7036189 TI - Pheresis techniques in marrow transplantation. PMID- 7036190 TI - Aggression induced by stimulation of the hypothalamus: effects of androgens. AB - Aggressive behavior between male rats induced by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus (ESH) is stimulated by androgens. This was demonstrated by recording the changes in threshold current intensities (the amount of current needed to induce attack behavior in 50% of the trials), just before castration, after castration, during subsequent treatment with high doses of testosterone propionate, and finally during oil treatment. The results demonstrate that, to induce the same aggressive responses, in absence of androgens more electrical current is needed than when these hormones are present in the general circulation of the ESH stimulated animals. PMID- 7036191 TI - Modulation of food intake by hypothalamic implants of estradiol benzoate, estrone, estriol and CI-628 in female rats. AB - ovariectomised rats were implanted unilaterally with cannulae aimed at the ventromedial nucleus-arcuate region of the hypothalamus. Crystalline implants of estradiol benzoate and of the antiestrogenic compound CI-628 over a 72-hour stimulation period caused significantly greater food intake reductions than did implants of cholesterol. More dorsal and lateral placements were generally ineffective in reducing food intake. Implants of estrone and estriol produced equivalent reductions in food intake and body weight to those produced by estradiol benzoate. The possible molecular mode of action is discussed. PMID- 7036192 TI - [Otto Anselmino--his importance in the development of pharmaceutical science with reference to Greifswald University. 2. Contributions to the history of pharmaceutical science]. PMID- 7036193 TI - Technology and the eclipse of individualism in medicine. PMID- 7036194 TI - Unborn: historical perspective of the fetus as a patient. PMID- 7036195 TI - Management of patients with chronic renal failure. Role of physical therapy. AB - Chronic renal failure can lead to multiple medical and physical problems requiring physical therapy treatment. The purpose of this article is to provide an understanding of the medical treatment and the complications of chronic renal failure. Medically, patients with chronic renal failure are treated by hemodialysis, by peritoneal dialysis, or with a kidney transplant. The physical therapy management of the patient on dialysis and that of the patient with a kidney transplant differs as to the extent and aggressiveness of the program. Providing the proper physical therapy program for patients with chronic renal failure is often a challenge because of such complications as congestive heart failure and peripheral neuropathies. Physical therapy is a necessary part of the rehabilitation of the patient with chronic renal failure. PMID- 7036197 TI - Dilemma of the untreated control group in applied research: a proposed solution. PMID- 7036196 TI - Monoamine oxidase inhibitor-responsive depression. AB - Double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have documented the efficacy of some monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors in treating certain depressed patients. This preliminary report of a 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the MAO inhibitor isocarboxazid (Marplan) examines the time course of platelet MAO inhibition and treatment response, and describes symptoms that distinguish markedly improved from slightly improved responders. Thirty male outpatients, ages 28-64, randomly divided into placebo (n = 15) and active medication (n = 15) groups, were followed weekly. Medication was started at 20 mg daily and increased to achieve 90% platelet MAO inhibition. Data were analyzed for 24 patients who completed at least 3 weeks of the study. A clinician's global change rating at the study's conclusion showed that 12 of 13 patients (92%) in the active medication group improved, while 3 of 11 (27%) patients in the placebo group improved. Significant symptomatic improvement occurred in the active treatment group by week 3. Trends suggest that anxiety improved first (week 2), followed by depression (week 3), and finally cognitive outlook (week 6). Only minimal difficulties were observed with orthostatic hypotension, hypertensive crises, or other side effects. At baseline, the only significant difference between the markedly improved and slightly improved groups was greater psychomotor retardation in the markedly improved group. Trends suggest that the markedly improved group showed less depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and weight loss, fewer gastrointestinal complaints, and more helplessness and worthlessness. PMID- 7036198 TI - Q fever as an occupational illness at the National Institutes of Health. PMID- 7036199 TI - Congenital hepatic fibrosis and polycystic kidney disease; Role of porta-caval shunting and transplantation in three patients. AB - Three patients with congenital hepatic fibrosis and childhood-type autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease are reported. Portal hypertension in two of the children was decompressed surgically by lieno-renal shunting, and the renal failure in two children has been successfully treated with renal transplantation. Prophylactic porta-caval shunting followed by renal transplantation is ideally suited to the sequence of events occurring clinically in the intermediate form of this condition, preventing complications of bleeding from oesophageal varices and hyperplenism. The relationship of congenital hepatic fibrosis with the various forms of polycystic kidney disease is discussed and classified. PMID- 7036200 TI - Vasopressin secretion in primary polydipsia and cranial diabetes insipidus. AB - Vasopressin secretion was studied in a group of 18 patients with polydipsia (urine volume greater than 21/24 h) in whom nephrogenic diabetes insipidus had been excluded. Osmoregulation of vasopressin release was defined by hypertonic saline infusion, and three independent non-osmotic tests of vasopressin release were also applied. A wide spectrum of abnormalities in vasopressin secretion was observed. Four patients seem to have primary polydipsia, since they showed a normal response to osmotic stimulation, but non-osmotic vasopressin release was subnormal in two. The remaining 14 patients had cranial diabetes insipidus, as judged by subnormal or absent vasoprsssin responses to hypertonic saline infusion. Of these 14, five had undetectable vasopressin during osmotic stimulation, but each mounted a response to the non-osmotic stimuli; three of these had familial polyuria. Three further patients appeared to have isolated osmoreceptor defects, showing normal responses to non-osmotic stimuli but none to osmotic stress. Four patients with partial cranial diabetes insipidus, as judged by subnormal vasopressin response to osmotic stimuli, seemed to have normal osmoreceptor function but deficient vasopressin release. There was no correlation between the degree of vasopressin response to osmotic stimuli and the three non osmotic tests of vasopressin release, and in particular vasopressin release should not replace osmotic tests to define cranial diabetes insipidus. PMID- 7036201 TI - John Evans. PMID- 7036202 TI - [Peptide bond synthesis catalyzed by various proteases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036203 TI - [Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies on protein-lipid interaction in biomembranes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036204 TI - [RNA replicase in plants and replication of plant viruses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036206 TI - [Prosthetic treatment after resection of maxilla and mandible in immediate, early and late treatment]. PMID- 7036205 TI - [Prosthetic treatment of patients after maxillary or mandibular resections]. PMID- 7036207 TI - [Prosthesis-induced mouth diseases in relation to fixed dentures]. PMID- 7036208 TI - [Practical method of occluso-articulating correction of the masticatory surfaces of thin-walled crowns]. PMID- 7036209 TI - [Photoelastic model studies of internal strain during dental loading]. PMID- 7036210 TI - [Use of the Microstix-Candida test for detection of yeasts under denture bases]. PMID- 7036211 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of biological evaluation of prosthetic treatment in longitudinal studies]. PMID- 7036212 TI - [Prosthetic treatment of traumatic fractures of anterior teeth]. PMID- 7036213 TI - [Our experiences with the application of alveolar implants]. PMID- 7036214 TI - [Hypersensitivity to chromium and nickel in dental prosthetics]. PMID- 7036215 TI - [Planning of prosthetic treatment in edentulousness classified as IA]. PMID- 7036216 TI - [Evaluation of the periodontal status in patients with clefts of the lip, alveolar process and palate treated with permanent replacement prosthetics]. PMID- 7036217 TI - [Evaluation of important occlusal models, recommended in prosthetic rehabilitation, with regard to our own investigations]. PMID- 7036218 TI - [Correlation of materials to the precision of prosthetic fit]. PMID- 7036219 TI - [Various aspects of prevention in dental prosthetics]. PMID- 7036220 TI - [Evaluation of prosthetic treatment in the rural population of Szczercow and Kleszczow in the region of Belchatowa]. PMID- 7036221 TI - [Dental prostheses--a special problem among other esophageal foreign bodies]. PMID- 7036222 TI - [Changes in the shape and dimensions of stone dies in relation to various materials and methods of preparation]. PMID- 7036223 TI - Inhibition of Na Transport by prostacyclin (PGI2) in rabbit cortical collecting tubule. AB - The effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) on transepithelial potential difference (PD) and sodium transport were examined in rabbit cortical collecting tubules (CCT) perfused in vitro. Addition of PGI2 (10-6M) to the bathing medium, which was bubbled with 95% O2 - 5% CO2, caused a reversible decrease in PD averaging 49 +/- 9.4(SE)%. Maximal effect was evident between 5-10 min. after addition of PGI2 and PD returned spontaneously towards control values within 30 min., corresponding to the rapid degradation of PGI2. In a more alkaline bathing solution achieved by bubbling with 100% O2, in which the degradation of PGI2 is known to be delayed markedly, the decrease in PD by PGI2 was continuous and dose-dependent, with half maximal and maximal effects achieved at 10-7M and 10-5M, respectively. Neither 10 8M PGI2 nor vehicle alone exerted significant effects on PD. 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (10-5M), believed to be the major metabolite of PGI2, had no effect on PD. Lumen to-bath flux of Na decreased with PGI2 from 9.0 to 5.6 pEq/cm/sec (n=4, p less than 0.005), although bath-to-lumen flux did not change significantly. In summary, PGI2 caused a dose-dependent decrease in PD of rabbit CCT and inhibited Na absorption in this segment in vitro. These results suggest that PGI2 may play as important role in regulating Na transport in CCT. PMID- 7036224 TI - Prostacyclin is not a circulating hormone. AB - Gas chromatography with electron-capture detection of the extensively purified pentafluorobenzyl derivative of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha was used to determine prostacyclin in blood. Neither human peripheral plasma or whole blood, nor blood drawn directly from the human heart (blood from the right and left atrium which is comparable to pulmonary artery and vein blood), contained any detectable prostacyclin (less than 20 pg/ml). Even hyperventilation did not result in detectable PGI2-formation. During intravenous infusion of PGI2 into one arm, large amounts were found in blood drawn from the other arm. Increased levels were also found during severe infection and in endotoxin shock. These results lend no support to theories based on the concept that prostacyclin is a circulating hormone under normal conditions. PMID- 7036225 TI - Sensitivity of platelets to prostaglandins in cornary heart disease and angina pectoris. AB - The platelet sensitivity to the antiaggregatory prostaglandins (PGI2, PGE1 and PGD2) was studied in patients with angiographically verified coronary heart disease. The sensitivity was tested in vitro by inhibiting the ADP-induced platelet aggregation by various concentrations of these prostaglandins. Beside the age dependent alterations of platelet sensitivity reported earlier, there is a statistically significant decrease in sensitivity for PGI2 and PGE1 in patients with coronary heart disease. In contrast, no significant change for the PGD2 sensitivity could be observed. In angina pectoris a further significant decrease in sensitivity (again only for PGE1 and PGI2) was found which returned back to the starting values within a few hours. In patients with maturity onset diabetes and coronary heart disease the sensitivity was always lower than in those patients with coronary heart disease alone. Changes in platelet sensitivity might play a key role in initiating and progressing atherosclerosis by an immediate disturbance of hemostatic balance. The studies further support the hypothesis that PGI2 and PGE1 share the same receptor on the platelet surface. PMID- 7036226 TI - Treatment of chronic kidney transplant rejection with prostacyclin - reduction of platelet deposition in the transplant; prolongation of platelet survival and improvement of transplant function. AB - 8 patients with chronic kidney transplant rejection were treated intravenously with prostacyclin during 5 days. This treatment seemed to have a beneficial effect as measured by platelet deposition in the transplant and prolongation of platelet survival. In the majority of cases the transplant function improved. A longer duration of this therapeutic effect could be a new way for the long-term treatment of chronic kidney transplant rejection. PMID- 7036227 TI - Effects of prostacyclin on ultrastructural features of human platelets in vitro. AB - Examining platelets plasma-membrane by freeze-etching (FE)-technique irregularly place among the "particles", some larger formations, called by us "protuberances" can be seen. These protuberances may represent the stomata of the open canalicular system (OCS) and the morphological aspect of an exocytotic process. Addition of prostacyclin to platelet rich plasma (PRP) leads to a decrease of the average value of protuberances which is statistically significant in comparison to control platelets. PMID- 7036228 TI - Serum lipoproteins, lipid peroxides and prostacyclin biosynthesis in patients with coronary heart disease. AB - Serum low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were prepared by gradient ultracentrifugation and dialysis from 12 healthy subjects and 15 patients with coronary heart disease and hyperlipoproteinemia. In both lipoprotein fractions cholesterol and lipid peroxides were determined. The effect of these lipoproteins on spontaneous prostacyclin biosynthesis in rat aortic slices was studied. Serum lipoproteins were susceptible to peroxidation during the preparation procedure. LDL were more prone to peroxidation than HDL. Little lipid peroxides were formed in lipoproteins when calcium ions had been removed by EDTA, and when butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was present at all stages of their preparation. LDL when prepared without these precautions either from healthy subjects or from patients with coronary heart disease markedly suppressed prostacyclin generation by rat aortic slices. This inhibition was unrelated to LDL-cholesterol, but was due to LDL-lipid peroxides. Peroxide-low LDL prepared from most of the healthy subjects and patients with coronary heart disease and concomitant hyperlipoproteinemia, did not inhibit prostacyclin biosynthesis. However, in one quarter of the patients, LDL was inhibitory. Consequently, in some patients with coronary heart disease, there operate unknown mechanisms which are responsible for the inhibitory activity of LDL on prostacyclin generation. PMID- 7036229 TI - [Indirect immunofluorescence technic in the serodiagnosis of Trichomonas infections]. PMID- 7036230 TI - [Recurrence prophylaxis of affective diseases with lithium and their results]. PMID- 7036231 TI - [The principles of curative society in nonpsychiatric wards (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036232 TI - [Clinical evaluation of hygroton K (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036233 TI - Removable partial denture design (II). PMID- 7036234 TI - Removable partial denture design (I). PMID- 7036235 TI - Overdenture coping design (II). PMID- 7036236 TI - [Nondestructive analysis by positron measurement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036237 TI - [Participation of the entopeduncular nucleus (internal globus pallidus) in the learning process. I. Effects of an irreversible unilateral chronic lesion of the nucleus]. PMID- 7036238 TI - [Origin and incidence of the sickle cell gene in the Republic of Panama]. PMID- 7036239 TI - [Plasma and pancreatic levels of diphenylhydantoin and their relation to protection from chemical diabetes induced alloxan in mice]. PMID- 7036240 TI - [The predictive value of serial scintigraphy and computerized tomography in the diagnosis of brain lesions (author's transl)]. AB - Six characteristic initial clinical neurological patterns were defined and their incidence was determined in one year caselist of patients hospitalized in the Neurology Department of the General Hospital of Saronno. Since the predictive value of a diagnostic procedure depends not only on sensitivity and specificity but also on the prevalence of disease in the population sampled, the prevalence of surgical brain lesions was evaluated retrospectively in this caselist for each of the clinical patterns previously defined, in order to evaluate the predictive value of serial brain scintigraphy and of brain computerized tomography. In this caselist the most frequent clinical patterns (stroke, skull trauma) show a low prevalence of surgical lesions, unlike it happens in the Neurosurgery Department of another hospital chosen as reference. It follows that in the sample of population constituted by the patients hospitalized for "stroke" in the Neurology Department of this hospital the Bayes' theorem yields a predictive value of brain scintigraphy not significantly inferior in respect of computerized brain tomography. In addition a review of the positive scans of patients with cerebral infarction has shown the possibility of a correct diagnosis in 95%. Therefore the serial scintigraphy is thought to keep a high value as a screening tool in this kind of patients where, after a simple clinical selection, the prevalence of brain lesions needing of surgery is low. PMID- 7036241 TI - Platelet-derived growth factor and liver regeneration-review. PMID- 7036242 TI - [Action of spiramycin on the morphogenesis of dental plaque]. PMID- 7036243 TI - [Microscopical aspects of the cervix uteri mucosa observed in histologic thick section (microbeefs)]. PMID- 7036244 TI - [Polychemotherapy associated with oral BCG in the treatment of advanced breast carcinoma. Preliminary observations of a controlled therapeutic trial]. PMID- 7036245 TI - [Rapid diagnosis of virus diseases]. PMID- 7036246 TI - [Computerized cerebral tomography]. PMID- 7036247 TI - [Extra-intestinal cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in species of the genus Panstrongylus, Rhodnius and Triatoma]. PMID- 7036248 TI - [Forms of Trypanosoma cruzi in feces of Triatomidae inoculated in the celomic cavity]. PMID- 7036249 TI - [Inhibition of the angiotensin I converting enzyme with SQ-14225 (captopril) in the medical treatment of severe renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 7036250 TI - [Felty syndrome and abscessing bronchopneumonia caused by Aspergillus fumigatus]. PMID- 7036251 TI - [Use of the skin window in the diagnosis and evolutive study of tumor patients]. PMID- 7036252 TI - [Endocarditis caused by Campylobacter fetus. Description of a new case]. PMID- 7036253 TI - [Hairy cell leukemia. A review]. PMID- 7036254 TI - [Meningitis caused by Escherichia coli in adults. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7036255 TI - [Cell-mediated immunity induced experimentally by Serratia]. PMID- 7036257 TI - [Endocarditis caused by group B streptococcus (S. agalactiae). Report of a case]. PMID- 7036256 TI - [Effect of anesthetics on intracranial pressure]. PMID- 7036258 TI - [Renal insufficiency and obstructive jaundice. 1. Role of the absorption of intestinal endotoxins]. PMID- 7036259 TI - [Intestinal endotoxin and obstructive jaundice. 2. Effect of bile salts on the intestinal absorption of endotoxins]. PMID- 7036260 TI - [Ramon Baltar Dominguez]. PMID- 7036261 TI - [Concepts and significance of canine guidance]. PMID- 7036262 TI - [Hydrocolloids in daily practice]. PMID- 7036263 TI - [Norms for the restoration of canine guidance]. PMID- 7036264 TI - [Clinical trial in maxillo-facial surgery with HOE 40 045/Carticain]. PMID- 7036265 TI - [Initiation of parallelization in removable partial dentures]. PMID- 7036266 TI - [Pulmonary eosinophilia: current concepts, diagnostic and therapeutic advances]. AB - Pulmonary eosinophilia is a parenchymatous disorder with tissue eosinophilia (with or without blood eosinophilia). It remains ill understood whether from the pathophysiological, diagnostic, aetiologic or therapeutic standpoint. This paper takes stock of the principal classifications used and the necessary stages in the diagnostic approach. First, current understanding of the function of the eosinophil is discussed. The method of searching for a precise aetiological diagnosis is reviewed under the general headings of "parasitic", "fungal" and "drug induced". Pulmonary eosinophilia wih vasculitis and idiopathic eosinophilia have then considered. The authors stress the importance of establishing a eosinophilia have then considered. The authors stress the importance of establishing a precise aetiology and searching for extra pulmonary lesions or evidence of vasculitis in the management of pulmonary lesions or evidence of vasculitis in the management of pulmonary eosinophilia. As regards treatment, particularly of prolonged pulmonary eosinophilia, corticosteroids are relied upon. For some this may be after a test trial of anti-parasitic therapy. PMID- 7036267 TI - [Small airways disease (author's transl)]. AB - The authors define small airways disease and then describe its anatomical characteristics. In the early stage bronchial inflammation is found along with arterial lesions. As the disease develops, there are multiple bronchial and vascular alterations, often accompanied by emphysema. The few existing studies of the morphology/lung function test correlation show a relationship between small airways disease and abnormal respiratory function tests. One of the aims was to find the most sensitive and specific tests using the smoker as a model. However, as only 25% of smokers develop clinical abnormalities, the main problem is probably not early screening, but finding the parameter with the highest prognostic value. This should be the FEVI, measured at about age 40. At a younger age, the information is still too incomplete. More studies are needed to justify early screening. Finally, the authors discuss the procedure to be followed when abnormalities are detected, and its possible consequences on lung function and behaviour. PMID- 7036268 TI - [Autopsy verification in the study of bronchopathies and pneumoconioses]. PMID- 7036269 TI - [Osteodysplasia condensans and congenital hyperostoses]. PMID- 7036270 TI - [Role of the sympathetic nervous system in repolarization changes]. PMID- 7036271 TI - [Stress and essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7036272 TI - [The problem of psychogenic amenorrhea]. PMID- 7036273 TI - A strategic adjuvant therapy of osteosarcoma. AB - Twenty-one patients with osteogenic sarcoma of the limbs were treated with an early combination of 1,750 rad whole lung irradiation, alternate cyclic chemotherapy with high-dose methotrexate, vincristine, mitomycin C, adriamycin, immidazol carboxamide (DTIC), cyclophosphamide, and intercalated immuno-BCG. The primary lesion was treated either by amputation or an 8,000 rad irradiation. Patients have been followed up for 6-29 months. Three patients relapsed, respectively, after 8, 11, and 22 months. All three patients had a long delay in completing the first part of treatment (first cycles A and B and lung irradiation). The 18 other patients are disease-free. Local relapses have not been observed. The toxicity of this protocol appears to be acceptable, but a longer follow-up is necessary to more precisely discern the efficacy and tolerance of the lung to this combined treatment. PMID- 7036274 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy in Ewing's sarcoma patients. AB - At the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan 60 patients with clinically localized Ewing's sarcoma were treated during 1965-1978 according to three different protocols. From 1965-1971, 18 patients received almost exclusively local therapy and 17 of 18 (94%) relapsed in a median time of 6 months. From 1971-1978 adjuvant chemotherapy according to two different drug schedules was employed after radiotherapy. Twenty-five of 42 (59%) are surviving and relapse-free at this time (follow-up 20-101 months). PMID- 7036275 TI - Ewing's sarcoma: 5-year survival under adjuvant chemotherapy. AB - The results at 5 years of an adjuvant chemotherapy trial in primary Ewing's sarcoma, started in 1973, are presented. Twenty-three eligible patients were treated with radiotherapy (60 Gy) to the tumor site and given polychemotherapy either using the E3 protocol (12 patients) or the E76 protocol (11 patients). Overall survival at 5 years was 37%, with 34% disease-free survival. There was no significant difference between the two chemotherapy groups. Only three local relapses and one major orthopedic failure were reported. Among the distal relapses, no metastases to the brain have been observed. These results are encouraging and show a clear improvement over the classical survival rate. However, further improvement is necessary and may be obtained by using new active drugs, as well as earlier and probably more aggressive cyclic chemotherapy. But primary surgical amputation and prophylactic CNS irradiation are not indicated for treatment of primary Ewing's sarcoma. PMID- 7036276 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. AB - One single course of i.v. cyclophosphamide (30 mg/kg) was given over a 6-day period to 559 mastectomized patients. During a follow-up period of up to 15 years, 241 recurrence and 234 deaths are registered in this group, and 294 recurrences and 283 deaths in the randomized control group of 577 patients. Analysis of the life-table curves shows an increased cure rate of about 10%. PMID- 7036277 TI - Multimodal therapy with CMF in resectable breast cancer with positive axillary nodes: the Milan Institute experience. PMID- 7036278 TI - Follow-up results from a randomized trial for T3 and T4 breast cancer patients: previous BCG immunotherapy improves response to chemotherapy in the relapse patient. AB - Following locoregional treatment, patients were randomized into three groups: The first groups received no complementary treatment; the second group received adjuvant chemotherapy (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil once a month for 12 months); and the third group was treated by immunotherapy (150 mg BCG once a week for 1 year). Sixty-two of the 82 patients studied were menopausal. No significant difference was observed between the three groups. All patients were followed-up for at least 18 months. The disease-free interval difference between the chemotherapy group and the control and immunotherapy groups is not significant. But it should be noted that only 21.8% of the control group did not relapse compared to 57% in the chemotherapy group. BCG immunotherapy in such patients must be considered ineffective. However, our results suggest that patients first treated with BCG respond better to chemotherapy than patients not receiving any previous therapy. PMID- 7036279 TI - Adjuvant treatment of node-positive breast cancer with adriamycin cyclophosphamide with or without radiation therapy: interim results of an ongoing clinical trial. AB - During 1974-1980, 138 women with node-positive stage II breast cancer were treated with either eight courses of adriamycin-cyclophosphamide (AC) chemotherapy (82 patients) or AC chemotherapy plus comprehensive regional radiotherapy (56 patients). The overall relapse-free survival of the treated patients was significantly superior (P less than 0.001) to a comparable group of women who underwent surgery alone. This effect of adjuvant therapy was clearly manifest in all groups of patients irrespective of nodal involvement or menopausal status. To date, relapse-free survival for patients receiving AC compared to AC plus radiotherapy is not different (P = 0.7). In summary, wer have demonstrated that a brief 6-month course of adjuvant chemotherapy with AC can significantly reduce the recurrence rate in women with stage II breast cancer. PMID- 7036280 TI - A randomized trial of postoperative five-versus three-drug chemotherapy after mastectomy: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) study. AB - The Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALB) has conducted a randomized study of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer who have involved axillary nodes at the time of mastectomy. Five-drug treatment (CMFVP) was compared with three-drug treatment (CMF). For patients with more than three involved nodes, the CMFVP regimen produced a significantly prolonged disease-free survival in comparison to the CMF regimen. PMID- 7036281 TI - Adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy with LMF plus BCG in node-negative and node-positive breast cancer - intermediate report at 4 years. AB - A randomized surgical adjuvant trial in 242 evaluable patients with T1-3a, N0-1, and M0 breast cancer was initiated 4 years ago. The well-tolerated, oral combination chemotherapy with six cycles of Leukeran plus methotrexate plus fluorouracil (LMF) plus repeated BCG skin scarifications was used. After 4 years, the following results were seen: (1) significant increase of relapse-free (RFS) and also overall survival (S) in both pre- and postmenopausal node-negative patients versus surgical controls (RFS 91.1 vs. 701%, P = 0.003; S 96 vs. 88%, P = 0.03); (2) no significant increase of RFS or S in pre- and postmenopausal node positive patients versus surgical controls (RFS 50.1 versus 44%, P = 0.49; S 70 versus 68 %, P = 0.9, respectively); (3) Patients receiving greater than 90% of the planned LMF dose showed significantly better survival after 4 years; and (4) Nonrandomized comparison with concurrent Swiss adjuvant studies with LMF alone indicate no beneficial or harmful effect of BCG skin scarifications in addition to the six-cycle LMF. PMID- 7036282 TI - Adjuvant intermittent chemoimmunotherapy for primary breast cancer: a prospective study with immunologic follow-up. AB - In an interdisciplinary prospective study 50 patients surgically treated for breast cancer were treated with six monthly courses of aggressive adjuvant chemotherapy (adriamycin and cyclophosphamide) and were randomized to receive either immunotherapy with levamisole or no additional therapy. Probability of disease-free survival for the whole group is 54.9% at 42 months. There was no noticeable difference in disease-free survival for either pre- and postmenopausal women or for patients treated with or without levamisole. The addition of levamisole had no effect on the depression of in vitro immunologic functions during chemotherapy. PMID- 7036283 TI - A new adjuvant treatment with polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid in operable breast cancer. AB - Adjuvant treatment with polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid poly A-poly U was tested in 300 patients with operable breast cancer who had all received the same locoregional treatment. They were randomized into two groups; 155 patients receiving 30 mg poly A-poly U i.v. once a week for 6 weeks and 145 controls. Overall survival was significantly improved in the poly A-Poly U group (P less than 0.05). The most striking difference (less than 0.03) was observed in the group of positive node patients, who had a 5-year relapse-free actuarial survival rate of 71% versus 47% in the controls. PMID- 7036284 TI - Interim results of EORTC protocol 08742: comparison, after irradiation of locally advanced squamous cell bronchial carcinoma, of abstention, immunotherapy, combination chemotherapy, or chemoimmunotherapy. AB - After irradiation of locally unresectable epidermoid bronchial carcinoma, 1 year of chemotherapy is significantly superior in delaying both local recurrences and distant metastases and prolonging the disease-free interval. However, BCG immunotherapy alone seems to be superior in terms of survival to no therapy, chemotherapy, and immunochemotherapy. This could be due to a better tolerance to secondary treatments given at time of recurrence. PMID- 7036285 TI - Immunologically defined prognostic subgroups as predictors of response to BCG immunotherapy. AB - Fifty-two stage I and II patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer were randomized after resection to no further therapy, BCG, or BCG plus allogeneic tumor cells. Patients have been observed for 16-65 months (mean 39.5). When the two immunotherapy arms were combined and plotted against controls, trend analysis suggested (P = 0.088) an increase in disease-free interval (DFI) only for stage I patients. The one-way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) values were depressed in some patients prior to any immune stimulation. Immunotherapy significantly benefited DFI among patients with a depressed MLC. PMID- 7036286 TI - Intrapleural BCG immunotherapy of lung cancer patients. PMID- 7036287 TI - Specific active immunotherapy in lung cancer: the induction of long-lasting cellular responses to tumour-associated antigens. PMID- 7036288 TI - Clinical trials of chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy in primary malignant melanoma. AB - We report here two randomized prospective clinical trials of adjuvant treatment in the management of primary malignant melanoma of Clark's level III, IV or V. All patients had curative resection of the primary tumor. In the first trial, 117 patients were randomized between control (surgery alone) systemic chemotherapy and intraarterial chemotherapy. Intraarterial chemotherapy consisted of DTIC 80 mg/m2 + 8 days prior to surgery. Systemic chemotherapy consisted of courses of vinblastine (6 mg/m2), thiotepa (6 mg/m2), rufocromycine (60 microgram/m2), methotrexate (15 mg/m2) on day 1, and procarbazine (30 mg/m12 X 7 days. Courses were repeated every 2 weeks X 6, then every 4 weeks X 15. Twenty-two of 55 patients relapsed in the control group versus 22 of 67 in the chemotherapy group (NS). For male patients, the difference in disease-free survival was significant (P less than 0.005, log rank test), though not in women. In the second trial, 352 patients were entered from July, 1976. Men were randomized between chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy. Women were randomized between surgery alone and chemoimmunotherapy. Chemotherapy was identical, except for the addition of DTIC (300 mg/m2) for each course. Immunotherapy consisted of BCG every 4 weeks and C. parvum every week. Immunotherapy seemed to be of no additional benefit. PMID- 7036289 TI - Trial 6: randomized study of prolonged chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and chemoimmunotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery for stage I and II melanoma: a progress report. AB - WHO clinical trial 6 studies the effect of long-term adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and chemoimmunotherapy) after radical surgery in malignant melanoma with high risk of recurrence. The randomized study has been running for 67 months with 845 patients. This intermediate report seems to indicate that, concerning the relapse-free period, adjuvant treatment appears superior to surgery alone. However, no significant difference in the duration of survival is evident among the four treatment groups. PMID- 7036290 TI - Comparison of HLA phenotypes in long-term survivors with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with immunotherapy versus chemotherapy. PMID- 7036291 TI - Current status of melanoma chemotherapy and immunotherapy. AB - In the search for an improved prognosis in malignant melanoma after radical surgery, randomized trials arae being conducted examining the results of immunostimulation (BCG or levamisole) with chemotherapy dimethyl - triazeno - imidazole - carboxamide (DTIC) in stage I melanoma. So far, no significant differences between the groups are evident. In stage III melanoma, a series of new agents are being rapidly screened and some appear promising. A closer look at the basic immunopathologic process during the growth of melanomas is might lead to a more effective control of this malignancy. PMID- 7036293 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy in colon and gastric cancer. AB - The adjuvant chemotherapy of colorectal and gastric cancer is being actively investigated. Studies of both single antineoplastic agents and combinations of several drugs have been used. In colorectal cancer, single-agent therapy has not resulted in improved survival. Combination chemotherapy studies are at too early a stage to be evaluated. In gastric cancer, single-agent chemotherapy has not been effective as adjunctive treatment to surgery. Combinations of active agents in gastric cancer hold promise as effective surgical adjuvant therapy. PMID- 7036292 TI - Adjuvant 5-fluorouracil and BCNU chemotherapy in gastric cancer: 3-year results. AB - One hundred-three patients with a potentially curative operation of a histologically proven gastric cancer were randomly assigned to a control and chemotherapy group after stratification according to tumor stage II and III. Chemotherapy courses with 5-fluorouracil (10 mg/kg/day) and BCNU (40 mg/m2/day) for 5 days were administered eight times in 6-8 week intervals. Age, sex, and tumor location were matched in the chemotherapy and control groups. Five patients declined treatment after randomization. Three years after initiating the study, the tumor has recurred in 38 of the 103 patients. There were 21 recurrences of 54 controls and 14 recurrences of 44 patients who received chemotherapy, and 17 and ten deaths, respectively, due to tumor relapse. The results of our study to data show a high degree of statistical probability that adjuvant chemotherapy with the regime used has no influence on the recurrence-free interval and survival time in gastric cancer. PMID- 7036294 TI - Clinical trials on adjuvant therapies in cancer: short-term and long-term results. AB - Short-term results of adjuvant treatments of cancer have been reported all over the world with the specific aid of reducing the period required to determine the cure rate of a potentially curative treatment. While this motivation is important, short-term analyses are not totally unbiased and they require careful evaluation. The most peculiar aspect is that short-term results should properly predict long-term results. Therefore, a complete knowledge of the natural history of the disease under evaluation, an adequate number of patients, adequate follow up of these patients, as well as a proper statistical analysis are essential to derive useful information from intermediate analysis. This paper attempts to point out these aspects and summarizes the experience of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan in two different adjuvant studies (breast cancer and non Hodgkin's lymphomas). PMID- 7036295 TI - Cellular interactions modulating host resistance to tumours. AB - Active specific immunotherapy of carcinogen-induced rat tumours can be effected using vaccines containing tumour cells admixed with bacterial vaccines such as BCG and C. parvum. The nature of the tumour antigen preparation is important, the most effective immunogen being viable tumour cells whose growth is controlled by responses generated by the bacterial agent in the vaccine. Soluble tumour antigen preparations are usually ineffective due to the preferential induction of suppressor lymphocyte responses in normal hosts. In comparison, removal of suppressor precursors by cyclophosphamide treatment of animals leads to the development of tumour immunity following immunization with soluble antigen preparations. One component of the immune rejection response involves the generation of non-specific effector cells. This type of response can also be induced by administering chemical hypersensitizing agents so as to localize tumour deposits. This approach has proved highly effective in treating the guinea pig line 10 hepatoma by intralesional injection of alkylcatechols. These compounds are highly potent hypersensitizers, being the active constituents of the poison ivy/oak (urushiol oil), and localize in tumour cell membranes. PMID- 7036296 TI - Preliminary clinical results with norgamem (thioproline) and revercan (2-amino-2 thiazoline): the first inducers of reverse transformation. PMID- 7036297 TI - Maintenance chemoimmunotherapy of nonlymphoblastic acute leukemias. AB - A trial of maintenance chemotherapy of nonlymphoblastic acute leukemia led to a comparison of two groups of patients in complete remission. Group 1 (14 patients) received only monthly reinduction chemotherapy. Group 2 (17 patients) received identical chemotherapy together with weekly immunotherapy combining BCG and irradiated leukemic cells. While the duration of the first complete remission was unmodified, the overall survival time and, above all, survival after the first relapse were prolonged in group 2 chemoimmunotherapy. These results were all the more marked when a homogeneous group of patients having received the same induction chemotherapy were considered. PMID- 7036298 TI - Possible mechanisms of immunotherapy action in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: macrophage production of colony-stimulating activity. AB - Earlier studies show that immunotherapy (IT) improves prognosis in acute nonlymphatic leukemia (ANLL), and that ANLL cells probably have tumor-associated antigens, for autologous lymphocytes can react to them. Also, IT seems to immunize against allogeneic ANLL cells, but there is no cross-immunity to autologous ones. Moreover, patients immunized against their ANLL cells have no better prognosis than patients not having lymphocytes reacting to their ANLL cells. It has also been suggested that IT causes nonspecific immunostimulation, but IT patient's lymphocytes actually react less than those of patients not given IT. The current hypothesis is macrophage activation: Lymphocyte suppression in IT could be explained by suppressor macrophages. Colony-stimulating activity, produced by bone marrow macrophages, decreases during remission in patients not given IT, but not in IT patients. Numerically, blood cells from patients given IT form more colonies than those from patients not given IT. Three of eight patients given IT had more colonies than the upper normal limit. PMID- 7036299 TI - Treatment of acute leukemia in remission by bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7036300 TI - Maintenance immunotherapy with BCG in non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas: a progress report of randomized trial. AB - Ninety-eight patients with non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma were first put into complete remission by a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and then received one course of chemotherapy as reinforcement. They were then randomized to receive either maintenance BCG therapy or no other treatment. Ninety-three patients were available for this analysis. There was a significant difference (P = 0.021) in relapse-free survival times between the two groups of patients. This difference is particularly significant in male patients, in patients ages 50-65 years, in all histologic classes, in patients treated after an initial relapse, and in clinical stages I and II. There was also a difference in crude survival, but the difference was not significant. PMID- 7036301 TI - Metabolic activation of 1,2-dibromoethane by glutathione transferase and by microsomal mixed function oxidase: further evidence for formation of two reactive metabolites. AB - In liver cytosolic preparations containing added glutathione, radioactivity from [14C]1,2-dibromoethane becomes bound preferentially to added polycytidylic acid. When microsomes and NADPH are present, however, the radioactivity becomes bound selectively to microsomal proteins. PMID- 7036302 TI - Reduction in the diabetogenic effect of alloxan in mice by treatment with the antineoplastic agent ICRF-187. AB - Blood glucose concentrations were markedly elevated in CD-1 mice 48 hr after iv administration of alloxan (75 mg/kg). Treatment with three doses of ICRF-187 (96 to 345 mg/kg) given 60 min before and 4 and 8 hr after alloxan significantly attenuated the increase in blood glucose. Pretreatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a known free radical scavenger, at doses of 3.5 to 7.3 g/kg also protected against the alloxan diabetogenic action. When the lowest doses of ICRF 187 (96 mg/kg) and DMSO (3.5 g/kg) were combined, alloxan exerted no hyperglycemic effect. The protective effects of ICRF-187 and DMSO were confirmed morphologically. In alloxan-treated animals, beta cell granules were absent. In contrast, the degree of granulation showed only a mild to moderate reduction in those alloxan-treated animals given ICRF-187 alone, DMSO alone, or the combination of ICRF-187 and DMSO. These results suggest that ICRF-187 may alter the mechanism of free radical generation thought to be responsible for the production of alloxan diabetes. PMID- 7036303 TI - Quantitation of Candida albicans polysaccharide using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for candida polysaccharide antigen in serum was developed by using double antibody sandwich technique. It was found that serum constituents substantially interfered with the assay. The interference was successfully decreased by heating serum in the presence of EDTA which precipitated interfering serum protein. In addition, candida antigen may be liberated from antibody complexes. The candida polysaccharide antigen in the supernatant was precipitated with ethanol and resuspended in the buffer containing gelatin. A maximum sensitivity of 10 ng/ml was found in the assay using this procedure. This procedure of serum treatment may have potential applications for the detection of other polysaccharide antigens in serum. PMID- 7036304 TI - Influence of aerobiology and weather on symptoms in children with asthma. AB - Local and central European weather, pollen (Castanea and Poaceae) and spore (alternaria and cladosporium) counts, and asthmatic complaints and drug requirements (expressed as "attack score") were correlated in a group of 40 asthmatic children (21 with recurrent symptoms) during a summer holiday camp for 6 weeks. It was shown that there are significant correlations between the cumulative 24-hour pollen count over 6 weeks and the attack frequency. 2-Hourly counts or daily counts did not correlate with complaints. Consecutive 10-day averages of attacks and pollen and spore counts showed good agreement. The influence of local weather was negligible. Low pressure gradients or high atmospheric pressure was not beneficial. Improvements of lung function are ascribed to training effects. PMID- 7036305 TI - [Pharmacological contraction of the ductus arteriosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036306 TI - Scaling of oxidative and glycolytic enzymes in mammals. AB - The catalytic activities of several oxidative and glycolytic enzymes were determined in the gastrocnemius muscle of 10 mammalian species differing in body weight by nearly 6 orders of magnitude. When expressed in terms of units gm-1, the activities of enzymes functioning in oxidative metabolism (citrate synthase, beta-hydroxybutyrylCoA dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase) decrease as body weight increases. Log-log plots (activity gm-1 vs body mass) yield straight lines with negative slopes that are less than the allometric exponent (-0.25) typically observed for basal metabolic rates. Since the amount of power a muscle can generate depends upon the catalytic potential of its enzyme machinery (the higher the catalytic potential the higher the maximum rate of energy generation), these data predict that the scope for aerobic activity in large mammals should be greater than in small mammals if nothing else becomes limiting, a result in fact recently obtained by Taylor et al. (Respir. Physiol., 1981). In contrast to the scaling of oxidative enzymes, the activities of enzymes functioning in anaerobic glycogenolysis (glycogen phosphorylase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase) increase as body size increases. Log-log plots (activity gm-1 vs body mass) display a positive slope indicating that the larger the animal the higher the glycolytic potential of its skeletal muscles. This unexpected result may indicate higher relative power costs for burst type locomotion in larger mammals, which is in fact observed in within-species studies of man. However, the scaling of anaerobic muscle power has not been closely assessed in between species comparisons of mammals varying greatly in body size. PMID- 7036307 TI - [Primary hypothyroidism and amenorrhea-galactorrhea. Case presentation and literature review (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036308 TI - [Clinical experience with 33 cases of kidney transplant (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036309 TI - [The concept of homeostasis: from Claude Bernard to Walter Cannon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036310 TI - [Effect of monocomponent insulin serum anti-insulin antibody levels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036311 TI - [The literary works of Chilean physicians: a biographic and bibliographic outline (I)]. PMID- 7036312 TI - [Free education vs state-control: an episode in the history of Chilean education (1872-73)]. PMID- 7036313 TI - [Eighty five years of Chilean radiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036314 TI - [The literary works of Chilean physicians (II)]. PMID- 7036315 TI - [Dental chronology]. PMID- 7036316 TI - [Plasma exchange by membrane filtration. Experience of the Tenon Hospital]. PMID- 7036317 TI - [Natural history of persistent virus diseases]. PMID- 7036318 TI - [In memoriam: Dumitru Combiescu (6 January 1887 - 25 November 1961)]. PMID- 7036319 TI - [Current status of diarrhea caused by or associated with halophilic or other vibrions. III]. PMID- 7036320 TI - [Physical activity and diabetes in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7036321 TI - Diclofenac sodium and thyroid function tests. PMID- 7036322 TI - Analgesic action of isoxepac. PMID- 7036323 TI - Naproxen and indomethacin in periarthritis of the shoulder. AB - Forty-one patients with periarthritis of the shoulder were entered into a double blind, parallel comparison of naproxen and indomethacin. Both drugs were given twice daily, naproxen 250 mg in the morning and 500 mg at night and indomethacin 50 mg b.d. Twenty patients received naproxen and 21 received indomethacin. Patients were treated for four weeks. Both drugs significantly reduced pain and patients subjective impression of shoulder restriction, but had little significant effect on objective measurements of mobility. Fourteen patients from the naproxen group and 16 patients from the indomethacin group reported side effects, the most common being nausea and headache. Three patients stopped naproxen and five patients stopped indomethacin because of side-effects. In conclusion, both drugs were equally effective in treating the pain of periarthritis of the shoulder but did little to change the partial loss of movement associated with the disorder. PMID- 7036324 TI - [Autogenous bone transplant in infraosseous defects of 2 or 3 walls]. PMID- 7036325 TI - [Dental clinical trial of an erythromycin propionate preparation]. PMID- 7036326 TI - [Mammographic appearance of posttraumatic and postoperative lesions in the female breast simulating a tumor (author's transl)]. AB - There are posttraumatic and postoperative lesions of the female breast which caused different pictures. You see sometimes typically pictures like lipid-filled thin-walled cysts with or without calcification of the walls. On the other side, there are mammographic pictures simulating a carcinoma -- a differentiation between carcinomas and fat necrosis is in these cases not possible. PMID- 7036327 TI - [Gerard Pussey...nurse and writer]. PMID- 7036328 TI - Surface morphology of normal and enzymatically treated rat parotid gland. PMID- 7036329 TI - Preparation of muscle samples for electron microscopy. AB - The relevant literature on EM preparation techniques for muscle is reviewed. The currently available methodologies are presented and critically discussed from the point of view of the biologist and the food scientist. Those SEM and TEM procedures which have proved to be most useful in the present state of the art of specimen preparation for EM are summarized. Some of the more recently available staining and fracturing procedures for muscle, as well as specimen preparation procedures for intermicroscopic (LM, SEM, TEM) correlation are stressed. It is proposed that the normal ultrastructural appearance of muscle should serve as a baseline for the ultrastructural examination of meat. PMID- 7036330 TI - Papillary necrosis in vitro: a scanning electron microscopic comparison of escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis infection. AB - The effect of bacterial infection on excised renal papillae as a model for papillary necrosis and subsequent calcification was investigated. Sterile rat renal papillae were placed in 25 ml aliquots of filter sterilized human urine and then inoculated with one ml suspensions of sterilized human urine and then inoculated with one ml suspensions of sterile saline as a control, or 1 x 108/ml Escherichia coli or proteus mirabilis. After incubation at 37 degrees C for periods of 8 hr, 24 hr, 48 hr, 72 hr, 1 wk, 2 wk and 3 wk, urinary pH was measured, bacterial culture performed and the renal papillae were recovered and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrophotometry (EDS). In the case of Proteus mirabilis, the sequence of events noted included bacterial-papillary interactions consisting of cell desquamation and strand formation, despite infrequent bacterial attachment. After 10 hr, a rapid, urease induced pH rise resulted in calcium salt deposition on the papillae surface. Organism death was apparent after 72 hr. Escherichia coli infected papillae demonstrated similar cell surface changes after a 8 hr as seen in P. mirabilis; however, frequent evidence of bacterial attachment and penetration was apparent. Bacterial attachment was a prominent feature throughout the incubation period with E. coli. After one week, rare areas of degenerating cells and bacteria with increased calcium levels as compared to surrounding areas were noted by EDS analysis. Urinary pH was stable throughout the incubation period. This study suggests varied roles for the organisms most associated with infection induced papillary necrosis (E coli) and papillary necrosis with subsequent stone formation (P. mirabilis). A role for bacterial calcification in the absence of bacterial urease activity by E. coli is also suggested. PMID- 7036331 TI - Human blood monocytes: characterization of negatively selected human monocytes and their suspension cell culture derivatives. AB - Normal human monocytes were negatively selected from leucapheresis cell suspensions by countercurrent centrifugation-elutriation in high yield with a mean purity of 93.5%. The combination of the novel methods of negative cell selection and suspension cell culture has provided the opportunity to study serially over several days the morphologic and functional changes of monocytes from a single donor as they matured in culture to typical macrophages. Human monocytes nearly double in size during the first week of culture, experiencing near daily increases in cell volume. This was associated with changes in the ultrastructure of these cells, including the development of numerous small knob like projections on the cell membrane and the proliferation of microtubules and filamentous structures within the cell cytoplasm during the first 6 days of culture. Peroxidase activity declined during the first 4 days of culture, whereas 5'-nucleotidase activity was acquired during the first 48 h of culture. Lysozyme activity in the cultures increased form day 2 to day 6 of culture. The phagocytic capacity of monocytes for igG-coated erythrocytes increased dramatically during the first week of culture, but the cytotoxic capability of monocytes against similar targets in an antibody-dependent cytotoxicity assay declined to nearly half of base-line levels by day 2 of culture and remained at this diminished level during subsequent days of culture. PMID- 7036332 TI - Does antibacterial ointment applied to urethral meatus in women prevent recurrent cystitis? AB - In a double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial the preventive value of the antibacterial ointment povidone-iodine 10% (Isodine, Betadine) applied to urethral meatus was evaluated in 17 females suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI). The patients applied povidone-iodine respectively placebo ointment twice daily and before sexual intercourse in two 6-month periods in a cross-over design. No difference was observed in number of UTI during povidone iodine and placebo prophylaxis. A decrease in the incidence of UTI was seen during application of any ointment. The antibacterial properties of povidone iodine ointment is unimportant in the prophylaxis of reinfections as also indicated from urethral and periurethral cultures during the study revealing no change in pathogenic bacterial flora. An improved perineal hygiene in the context of application of ointment may be responsible for the reduction in UTI incidence in females with recurrent cystitis. PMID- 7036333 TI - [Clinical demonstrations. Legionnaires' disease. Tumor-associated nephrotic syndrome. Primary oxalosis]. AB - In a clinical demonstration, case reports on 3 patients are presented: 1. In a 27 year-old male who developed severe multicentric atypical pneumonia, CNS, liver and renal involvement and signs of rhabdomyolyses suggested infection with Legionella pneumophila. Diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of Dieterle-stain positive organisms and positive culture of lung biopsy tissue. Antibiotic treatment, especially erythromycin, and prolonged mechanical respiration produced complete recovery. 2. The presence of chylomycrons Rin ascitic and pleural fluid in a patient with epimembranous glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome was the first sign of malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamid, oncovin and prednisone induced remission of tumor and nephrotic syndrome, which promptly recurred parallel to later reactivation of the malignancy. Paraneoplastically induced nephrotic syndrome, especially due to lymphoma, may precede the malignancy by months. 3. In a 52-year-old male with terminal renal failure due to primary oxalosis a cadaver renal transplant functioned for only 14 months because of oxalate deposits in the transplant. Hemodialysis before and after transplantation modified the clinical course. In place of uremia, the clinical picture was dominated by oxalate-induced gangrenous arteriopathy, arthritis, and heart disease. PMID- 7036334 TI - [Guanfacine versus alpha-methyldopa in benign essential hypertension. An ambulatory group study]. AB - Alpha-methyldopa and guanfacine, both of which are predominantly centrally acting antihypertensives, were compared in a double-blind randomized trial involving seven practising physicians and a total of 78 patients. The whole trial lasted one year, with individual treatment periods of between 5 and 14 weeks. The reduction achieved in mean systolic and also diastolic blood pressure did not differ significantly between the two groups; nor was there any significant difference in responder or nonresponder rates. Blood pressure was normalized in approximately 80% of the patients in both groups. The incidence of side effects was kept down by starting treatment with a low dose and increasing it gradually. The average dose at the end of the trial was 2.6 mg daily for the guanfacine patients and 750 mg daily for those given alphamethyldopa. PMID- 7036335 TI - [New development in clinical bone marrow transplantation in leukemia]. AB - 39 clinical bone marrow transplants (BMT) for leukemia are described. In a historical control series of 18 patients in whom BMT was performed after all chemotherapeutic resources had been exhausted, there is only 1 long-term survivor (5.5%), 8 patients died from GvH reaction, 6 from interstitial pneumonia and 3 from recurrent leukemia. Since 1979 an attempt has been made to transplant patients under optimal conditions (1st complete remission) and cyclosporin-A (CyA) has been used for prophylaxis of GvH reaction instead of MTX. 11 patients were transplanted according to our original proposal (AML and ALL in first remission, CML in chronic phase): 10 have survived without evidence of leukemia (91%), 1 AML died in relapse. 10 patients were grafted in second or later remissions or early relapse: 5 have leukemia-free survival (50%), 1 is living with a relapse. In this group 3 deaths were due to recurrent leukemia and 1 to CMV-infection. In our experience BMT under optimal circumstances does not involve a risk of early mortality and the chances of recurrent leukemia are reduced. Severe or chronic GvH reaction is not seen under CyA. BMT is the treatment of choice for patients with histocompatible sibling donors. PMID- 7036336 TI - [Treatment and prevention of recurrence of duodenal ulcer with pirenzepin and cimetidine]. AB - The effect of pirenzepine and cimetidine on healing, symptoms, and relapse rate of duodenal ulcer was studied in a placebo controlled double blind trial. With regard to symptoms, cimetidine (1 g daily) was superior at the beginning of therapy to a low dose of pirenzepine (75 mg daily) and to placebo. No significant differences in ulcer healing were found between the 3 treatment groups. The relapse rate after treatment with pirenzepine was lower than after treatment with cimetidine. PMID- 7036337 TI - [Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion brings about normal blood sugar in type I diabetes mellitus despite relaxing of diet instructions]. AB - In 6 normal weight juvenile diabetic patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) we have investigated whether the restrictive management of the diabetes diet could be relaxed. On 2-3 days of a 4 week period the patients ate a) a conventional diabetes diet consisting of 3 main meals and in-between snacks of a prescribed carbohydrate content or b) a liberal diabetes diet in which the patients could choose the number of meals and carbohydrate contents. With both diets, mean blood glucose levels during the day were in normal range (96 +/- 3 and 101 +/- mg/dl, mean +/- SEM). On the liberal diet meal frequency and carbohydrate intake per day were significantly lower, the carbohydrate content per meal significantly larger when compared with the conventional diabetes diet. There was not difference in insulin requirements per day (basal rate plus premeal dosage). All the patients preferred the liberal diet. CSII allowed juvenile diabetic patients a more liberal management of their diabetes diet without negative effects on blood glucose control. Hence CSII improved the quality of life in these patients. PMID- 7036338 TI - Inducible repair of DNA. PMID- 7036339 TI - The biochemical basis of obesity. PMID- 7036340 TI - A better chance for kidney transplantation. PMID- 7036341 TI - Philip Handler: an appreciation (13 August 1917-29 December 1981). PMID- 7036342 TI - Uninvolved skin from psoriatic patients develops signs of involved psoriatic skin after being grafted onto nude mice. AB - Clinically involved psoriatic epidermis maintains its histological appearance, increased labeling index, and increased level of plasminogen activator after being grafted onto athymic nude mice. Uninvolved psoriatic epidermis develops increases in plasminogen activator activity after being grafted onto athymic nude mice; this is accompanied by an increased labeling index. Thus, psoriatic skin can develop markers of psoriasis independent of the host. PMID- 7036343 TI - Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli producing biosynthetic human insulin proteins. AB - Escherichia coli that has been genetically manipulated by recombinant DNA technology to synthesize human insulin polypeptides (A chain, B chain, or proinsulin) contains prominent cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. The amount of inclusion product within the cells corresponds to the quantity of chimeric protein formed by the bacteria. At peak production, the inclusion bodies may occupy as much as 20 percent of the Escherichia coli cellular volume. PMID- 7036344 TI - Haptoglobin: a natural bacteriostat. AB - The combination of bacteria and blood in a wound can have lethal consequences, probably because hemoglobin iron supports prolific bacterial growth. Rats inoculated intraperitoneally with pathogenic Escherichia coli and small amounts of hemoglobin die. Simultaneous administration of haptoglobin, a naturally occurring hemoglobin-binding protein, fully protects against lethality. Therefore, haptoglobin may not only accelerate the clearance of free hemoglobin, but also limit its utilization by adventitious bacteria. Haptoglobin may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of life-threatening, hemoglobin-driven bacterial infections. PMID- 7036345 TI - Microelectronics and computers in medicine. AB - Microelectronics and computers are in use in virtually every aspect of modern medicine. Computers are used widely in medical research, where an important need is for better microelectronic sensors for data acquisition. In medical practice, data collection from patients as well as subsequent storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data are enhanced by the computer. In medical decision-making computers improve accuracy, increase cost-efficiency, and advance understanding of the structure of medical knowledge and of the decision-making process itself. Powerful new noninvasive diagnostic instruments including x-ray tomographic scanners and ultrasonic imaging systems are based on computers. The efficiency and scope of clinical laboratory procedures and advanced analytical instruments are greatly increased by computerization, and careful application of computers has improved the interpretation of diagnostic tests, such as the electrocardiogram, and monitoring of critically ill patients. The powerful sensory, computational, memory, and display capabilities of microcomputer systems and their compact size offer new opportunities to relieve functional deficiencies associated with loss of limbs, paralysis, speech impediments, deafness, and blindness. PMID- 7036346 TI - Newton's malady. PMID- 7036347 TI - Hepatic glucose production oscillates in synchrony with the islet secretory cycle in fasting rhesus monkeys. AB - Oscillations in the concentration of plasma glucose were found to reflect large fluctuations in hepatic glucose production. The fluctuations in glucose production were synchronous with fluctuations in the concentration of plasma insulin and glucagon. This synchrony suggests that hepatic pathways are entrained to the islet cycle with a minimal time delay. PMID- 7036348 TI - Fibrin: structure and interactions. PMID- 7036349 TI - Detection and relevance of crosslinked fibrin derivatives in blood. PMID- 7036350 TI - A simple anterior bridge. PMID- 7036352 TI - [Surveillance of biocontamination in hospitals]. PMID- 7036351 TI - Case report 174: "Cottonballoma" of femur (due to retained surgical sponge with foreign body giant cell reaction). PMID- 7036353 TI - Nine-month chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - There is extensive favorable worldwide experience with short-course chemotherapy (SCC) for pulmonary tuberculosis. It has not yet been shown, however, that daily, unsupervised SCC would be efficacious in the United States, especially in large urban centers where compliance rates are poor and alcohol abuse is common. From January 1977 to February 1980, 75 patients began treatment using SCC combining isoniazid and rifampin for nine months, accompanied by ethambutol during the first 60 days. This report describes results achieved under "field conditions" with all medications self-administered except during the first few days of hospitalization. Forty-nine patients successfully completed this regimen. No patients failed chemotherapy during treatment and no relapses have occurred during follow-up through June 1981. There were no serious drug-related side effects. This study supports the results of similar studies conducted in other countries and provides further evidence that this regimen can be adopted more widely in this country. PMID- 7036354 TI - Clindamycin versus nafcillin or methicillin in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis in children. AB - The treatment of osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by randomized trial in 12 children who received clindamycin and 13 children who received nafcillin or methicillin. In the nafcillin/methicillin group, the mean duration of intravenous (IV) therapy was 27 days (range 14 to 38 days) plus 3.7 weeks (range 0 to 8 weeks) of oral therapy with dicloxacillin. In the clindamycin group, the mean duration of IV therapy was 5.8 days (range three to ten days) plus 4.7 weeks (range three to nine weeks) of oral therapy with clindamycin. The geometric means (GMs) of peak serum bactericidal titers for IV therapy were 45 (range 16 to 256) and seven (2 to 256) for nafcillin/methicillin and clindamycin respectively. The GMs of peak serum inhibitory and bactericidal titers for oral therapy with clindamycin were 99 (range 16 to 512) and four (range 1 to 128) and were generally within one dilution of the IV titer. The outcome of therapy was excellent for ten children in the nafcillin/methicillin group and for 11 children in the clindamycin group. In the clindamycin group, the outcome did not correlate with achieving a peak bactericidal titer of greater than 1:8. Clindamycin administered IV until the patient is afebrile for three consecutive days and then orally for approximately four weeks is an alternative to nafcillin/methicillin in the therapy of S aureus osteomyelitis in children. PMID- 7036356 TI - Blood cultures in bacteremia. AB - Blood cultures in a 700-bed hospital were examined for clinical relevance. During a six-month period 5,154 blood samples were drawn from 1,091 patients. Of the 124 patients with positive blood cultures, 7% had polymicrobic isolates. A review of hospital records for a three-year period revealed 162 charts with adequate documentation for evaluation of bacteremia. An additional 11 charts were found with inappropriately negative blood cultures. Fifteen percent of these patients were found to have polymicrobic isolates. The importance of establishing guidelines and criteria concerning acceptable blood culture practices is detailed. PMID- 7036355 TI - Staphylococcal bacteremia in cancer patients: intravenous and oral antimicrobial therapy. AB - Eighteen adult cancer patients with 21 episodes of staphylococcal bacteremia were treated with sequential intravenous and oral antimicrobial agents. Adequacy of antimicrobial therapy was monitored with serum antibacterial activity studies. The mean duration of intravenous and oral therapy was nine and 25 days, respectively. Clinical and bacteriologic cures were achieved in all cases except one, in which relapse occurred after only 16 days of therapy. One patient had staphylococcal endocarditis and one had staphylococcal pneumonia. Four patients died of causes unrelated to staphylococcal bacteremia after 12, 21, 27, and 40 days of therapy, respectively. Initial intravenous therapy followed by oral antimicrobial agents to complete treatment, monitored with serum antibacterial activity studies, is effective therapy for patients with cancer and staphylococcal bacteremia. PMID- 7036357 TI - Improvement of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the portable insulin infusion pump. AB - A 16-year-old girl with insulin dependent (Type I) diabetes since age 9 and painful sensory neuropathy for two months was treated with a portable insulin infusion pump, allowing strict control of hyperglycemia. Within 28 days the distal motor latency in all nerves tested had improved and painful incapacitating dysesthesias disappeared. The findings suggest that strict control of hyperglycemia with a portable insulin infusion pump can successfully reverse the changes of recent onset diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 7036358 TI - Prostatic cancer. AB - Prostatic cancer is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Although many new serologic and radiologic procedures are now used in its diagnosis, the rectal examination still remains the best diagnostic test. Staging is essential for effective treatment. Treatment of prostatic cancer varies, with observation in stage A1; surgery and/or irradiation for stages A2, B, and C; and hormonal or cytotoxic drugs for symptomatic stage D. PMID- 7036359 TI - Folk medicine uses of melanotic Asiatic chickens as evidence of early diffusion to the New World. PMID- 7036360 TI - Health problems associated with agricultural colonization in Latin America. PMID- 7036361 TI - [Methodological problems in the teaching of history of medicine in pediatric departments]. PMID- 7036362 TI - [History of Russo-German scientific relations in the field of epidemiology and hygiene]. PMID- 7036363 TI - [Child mortality control during the 1st years of the Soviet power]. PMID- 7036364 TI - [The place and role of social-hygienic research into the health problems of the workers in the USSR during the twenties and thirties]. PMID- 7036365 TI - [N.I. Pirogov and problems of medical ethics (on the centennial of his death)]. PMID- 7036366 TI - [The development of surgery in pre-revolutionary Karelia]. PMID- 7036367 TI - [Typhoid fever and anti-typhoid vaccination. In memory of S. Morones-Alba and A. Celis-Salazar]. PMID- 7036368 TI - [Double-blind evaluation of the effectiveness of lidamidine hydrochloride (WHR 1142A) vs loperamide vs. placebo in the treatment of acute diarrhea]. PMID- 7036369 TI - [Influenza]. PMID- 7036370 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a rheumatoid patient: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036371 TI - Short-course chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. A 100-day interrupted regimen. AB - A 100-day interrupted regimen is described which is a useful and efficacious treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. It is well tolerated, guarantees treatment supervision, and has acceptable relapse rates under normal programme conditions. The 5-day-a-week administration makes it particularly suitable for industrial medical services as well as for other outpatient health care clinical services. PMID- 7036372 TI - Silver nitrate and the eyes of the newborn--a centennial. PMID- 7036373 TI - Non-epileptic symptoms of temporal lobe dysfunction. AB - A review of the common and uncommon nonepileptic symptoms found (experimentally or clinically) to be associated with anomalous functioning of the temporal lobes of the brain, is presented. Inter-ictal temporal lobe features are also reviewed. PMID- 7036374 TI - South African tick-bite fever (1931-1981). AB - An historical survey is given of the personalities and events connected with the discovery and investigation of tick-bite fever in South Africa over the past half century. PMID- 7036375 TI - Lawrence Herbert Wells and the history of anatomical illustration. AB - The pre-Vesalian history of anatomical illustration, including its ancient Greek and Roman periods, is surveyed. While dissection was abandoned in Alexandria under the Romans, it was revived in Italy during the Renaissance, and the invention of printing prompted the avalanche of documents which has cascaded ever since. The considerable contribution of the late Professor Lawrence H. Wells to the history of anatomical illustration is emphasized and his interest in 'fugitive sheets', popular in the 15th and 16th centuries, is indicated. PMID- 7036376 TI - Bicitropeptide powder and placebo in the treatment of duodenal ulcers. A double blind endoscopically controlled clinical trial. AB - In a double-blind study comprising 50 patients with endoscopically proven uncomplicated duodenal ulcers a powder formulation of bicitropeptide (BCP Compound) was found to be superior to placebo. On endoscopic examination 19 patients (76%) treated with bicitropeptide powder had healed, while 3 (12%) showed some degree of healing, a total success rate of 88%. Only 5 patients (20%) on placebo had healed completely while 3 (12%) showed some degree of healing (chi 2 = 17,9667; P less than 0,0005). Blood and urine bismuth levels were measured before and after 6 and 12 weeks of therapy, and showed an increase after the first 6 weeks. By 12 weeks the levels had decreased, although they were still higher than the initial values. The blood levels were, however, significantly lower than postulated toxic levels. PMID- 7036377 TI - Midazolam, a new intravenous induction agent for anaesthesia. AB - In an open non-comparative clinical trial 64 patients older than 18 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists ratings of I and II were studied. Under standardized conditions of premedication, anaesthesia was induced by injecting midazolam (Ro 21-3981) 0,15 or 0,3 mg/kg body weight intravenously. After endotracheal intubation with suxamethonium 1 mg/kg, anaesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide in oxygen and enflurane or halothane. There were statistically significant cardiovascular changes during and/or after intubation but there were no clinical consequences. Midazolam allows rapid induction of and recovery from anaesthesia. There was no retrograde amnesia and high proportion of the patients assessed the induction of anaesthesia as favourable. The local tolerance was very good. Midazolam seems to be a good alternative for induction of balanced anaesthesia. PMID- 7036378 TI - Malaria at Groote Schuur Hospital, 1976-1980. AB - Twenty-seven patients with malaria were treated at Groote Schuur Hospital between 1976 and 1980. Only 2 patients had taken adequate prophylactic agents. Although the incidence of complications was high, no deaths occurred. It is anticipated that the number of cases of malaria seen in Cape Town will increase and a high index of suspicion about malaria among clinicians is urged. PMID- 7036379 TI - Hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal analgesia. AB - Sixty-one patients (ASA classification I-III) were studied in an open non comparative trial to assess the efficacy of hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia. In 59 patients the quality of analgesic block was good, while 2 required supplementary analgesia and sedation. Four patients became hypotensive, this requiring correction by fluid volume replacement. Hyperbaric bupivacaine, with a mean duration of action of 6 1/2 hours, has proved satisfactory in our anaesthetic practice. PMID- 7036380 TI - High-voltage electrical injury. A case report and review of the literature. AB - A 25-year-old Black man was exposed to an 11 000 V electrical injury. The rapid development of neurogenic pulmonary oedema, haemolysis and disseminated intravascular coagulation is outlined. The importance of early prophylaxis and treatment in order to decrease the high morbidity associated with high-tension injury is stressed. A review of the literature follows. PMID- 7036381 TI - The introduction of penicillin for the treatment of syphilis. PMID- 7036382 TI - Treatment of syphilis: a short critical review. AB - Four decades of treatment of syphilis with penicillin confirm the absolute superiority of this drug in all stages of the disease. Various long-acting repository preparations (particularly benzathine penicillin G) are used in treatment of early and late syphilis, and even for prophylactic treatment, with satisfactory results. Treatment schedules and follow-up criteria for examination and indications for retreatment vary little among various authors and countries. Adverse reactions to penicillin, in particular the allergic reactions, make alternative treatment with other antibiotics (tetracyclines, erythromycin, etc) sometimes necessary. PMID- 7036383 TI - [The properties of exposed cementum and its significance in periodontal therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036384 TI - [Restoration of anterior teeth using a cast-etch bridge (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036385 TI - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history (23)]. PMID- 7036387 TI - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history. (24) "Subcutaneous injection"]. PMID- 7036386 TI - [New clasp design for removable partial dentures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036388 TI - [Construction of porcelain fused-to-metal crowns for a full-bake-type crown (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036390 TI - A simple tie-over-bolus dressing for skin grafts. PMID- 7036389 TI - Altered masticatory function and perceptual estimates of chewing experience. PMID- 7036391 TI - Oskar Hirsch. PMID- 7036392 TI - Evaluation of extracranial occlusive disease by digital subtraction angiography. PMID- 7036393 TI - Successful revascularization of early posttransplant renal arterial occlusion. AB - A case involving immediate postoperative prolonged warm ischemia in a transplanted kidney from a living related donor is presented. Repair of the renal artery after 3 hours 15 minutes of complete occlusion resulted in an 18-day course of acute tubular necrosis followed by full return of normal renal function. Significant collateral circulation has been present in all previously salvageable cases of transplant renal artery obstruction. This case demonstrates that a kidney from an optimally prepared donor can withstand more than 3 hours of posttransplant warm ischemia despite the absence of collateral circulation. An aggressive surgical approach to restoring circulation is indicated. PMID- 7036394 TI - Transplantation in patients with a history of renal cell carcinoma: long-term results and clinical considerations. AB - We report four cases of renal transplantation after prior incidental removal of renal cell carcinomas. Follow-up periods ranged from 21 months to 8 years. Our experience provides the first long-term follow-up of such cases and indicates that the overall prognosis is favorable when asymptomatic renal adenocarcinomas are removed prior to renal transplantation. The period between nephrectomy and renal transplantation ranged from 8 hours to 30 months. Three patients had prolonged tumor-free survival, and one died from a widely disseminated second adenocarcinoma 21 months after transplantation. PMID- 7036395 TI - Reduction of surgical wound infection rates in contaminated wounds treated with antiseptics combined with systemic antibiotics: an experimental study. PMID- 7036396 TI - Endoscopic sclerotherapy versus esophageal transection of Child's class C patients with variceal hemorrhage. Comparison with results of portacaval shunt: preliminary report. AB - Thirteen Child's class C patients with variceal hemorrhage requiring 6 or more units of blood were randomly assigned to groups receiving either flexible endoscopic sclerotherapy using 5% sodium morrhuate or esophageal transection/reanastomosis employing the EEA Auto Suture stapling instrument. One patient with a previous hiatus hernia repair was assigned to the transection group and had a mesocaval shunt. The randomization groups compared favorably with each other and with a retrospective shunt group (20 patients). Although transection patients required significantly less operative time and fewer blood transfusions, the outcome of the transection group was significantly worse than that of the shunt group. The trend in survival likewise favored the shunt group rather than the sclerotherapy group. Although the reported operative mortality rates of transection and sclerotherapy are less than that of portal decompression, the results of this study--the first controlled trial of these procedures--would warrant distinct caution in using either of these new techniques in high-risk patients. Portal decompression may still be the procedure of choice in class C patients with substantial variceal hemorrhage. PMID- 7036397 TI - The effect of cyclosporin A and blood transfusions on cardiac allograft survival in rats. AB - Blood transfusions may have a beneficial or deleterious effect on graft survival. The purpose of the present study was to see whether cyclosporin A (CyA) could overcome the sensitizing effect of pretransplant blood transfusions and whether it would alter the beneficial effect of blood transfusions. Therefore, the effect of CyA was studied in transfused and nontransfused recipients by use of a rat cardiac allograft model. The BN/Ro and Wag/Ro strains were used. Each strain rejects a heart allograft from the other in 8 to 9 days when nontransfused recipients are involved. After conditioning with one donor-specific pretransplant blood transfusion, accelerated rejection is seen in the Wag/Ro to BN/Ro combination, whereas indefinite survival occurs in the reverse combination. CyA treatment results in indefinite graft survival in nonsensitized recipients of both strains but at a lower dosage in the BN/Ro to Wag/Ro combination. In transfused BN/Ro recipients, CyA prolongs heart allograft survival indefinitely, although higher doses are required (15 mg/kg) than in nonsensitized recipients; in the reverse combination, CyA does not interfere with the beneficial blood transfusion effect. The findings that CyA can prevent accelerated rejection in the Wag/Ro to BN/Ro combination and that it does not alter the beneficial effect in the reverse combination might mean that CyA is a useful drug even in sensitized recipients. PMID- 7036398 TI - Denture adhesives - their effect on the mobility of full upper dentures during chewing. A cineradiographic study. AB - Using cineradiographic technique an assessment is made of the denture mobility during function in the upper jaw for full denture wearers without and using two types of denture adhesives. One of them with a new formula. Ten randomly selected edentulous patients with moderate alveolar ridge resorption took part in the study. They were rehabilitated with dentures of conventional design in the upper jaw. Cineradiographic registrations were performed in lateral projection without and with the two types of adhesives supplied to the denture base. The analysis of the cineradiographic films disclosed no significant differences for the denture mobility. Neither between the situation without and with denture adhesive nor between the two adhesives. This indicates an obvious limited effect of the denture adhesives, at least for denture wearers with moderate resorption of their alveolar ridges. The only positive effect of the adhesives discovered was a limited number of vertical loosening drops of the distal parts of the denture when the seal was broken. PMID- 7036399 TI - [Relaxing by means by progressive relaxation technic]. PMID- 7036400 TI - A calcium antagonist, nifedipine, modifies exercise-induced asthma. AB - In eight extrinsic asthmatic subjects (age range 16-38 years) there was a significant reduction (p less than 0.01) in the severity of bronchoconstriction after a treadmill exercise test performed 30 minutes after nifedipine 20 mg sublingually. The maximum fall in peak expiratory flow after exercise was 36.0 +/ SEM 5.3% compared with a maximum fall of 56.5 +/- 4.1% after matched placebo capsules when given in double-blind randomised manner on separate days. There was no significant resting bronchodilation or change in blood pressure or heart rate after nifedipine. there was a significant rise in venous plasma histamine during exercise with placebo (6.1 +/- 0.8 to 13.5 +/- 3.5 nmol/l, p less than 0.01) but no significant increase with nifedipine (4.6 +/- 0.6 to 4.7 +/- 0.6 nmol/l) suggesting that nifedipine inhibits the release of mast cell mediators. The dose of inhaled histamine which provoked a 20% fall in peak expiratory flow was also significantly higher (p less than 0.05) with nifedipine (1.5 +/- 0.31 mg/ml) compared with placebo (2.7 +/- 0.63 mg/ml), indicating that there is a small inhibitory effect on bronchial smooth muscle contractility. Nifedipine is a potent antagonist of calcium ion influx in smooth muscle and secretory cells, and these studies suggest that it may inhibit release of mast cell mediators and reduce bronchial smooth muscle contractility in asthma. PMID- 7036401 TI - Effect of oral salbutamol and slow-release aminophylline on exercise tolerance in chronic bronchitis. AB - In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 24 patients fulfilling the MRC criteria for chronic bronchitis, oral salbutamol 4 mg and slow-release aminophylline (Phyllocontin) 450 mg produced similar and significant (p less than 0.05) mean increases in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). A significantly greater increase in mean FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) was seen when both drugs were given although there was no statistical evidence of synergistic interaction. Salbutamol significantly increased the mean distance walked in 12 minutes (12MD) (p less than 0.02) by 56 metres and a similar increase of 54 metres (p less than 0.001) was seen after Phyllocontin. With both drugs in combination mean 12MD increased by 51 metres (p less than 0.02 cf placebo), a change not significantly different from that observed with either drug alone. Oral salbutamol and Phyllocontin improve exercise tolerance in chronic bronchitis. The significantly greater changes in FEV1 and FVC resulting from simultaneous administration of the two drugs are not associated with further improvement in exercise tolerance. PMID- 7036402 TI - Thromboxane formation by platelets and platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7036403 TI - Correlation between HLA-D/DR associated primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) defined DP antigens, HLA-D and HLA-DR antigens. AB - A panel of 79 individuals were typed for HLA-D/DR associated Primed Lymphocyte Typing (PLT) defined "DP"-antigens, HLA-D and HLA-DR antigens. Typing for DP antigens was carried out with local PLT-cells. HLA-D and -DR typing was performed with all homozygous typing cells and all DR-antisera included in the 8th International Histocompatibility Workshop. Assignments of DP-, HLA-D- and HLA-DR antigens were done independently and the correlations between DP/D/DR1-8 were analyzed. The panel included random unrelated individuals, and individuals previously found to have one or no identifiable HLA-D antigen (B). In the random group, 80% of the individuals were assigned to possess the same antigen with the 3 techniques, while this was only the case in 46% of B-group individuals. The overall correlation coefficients, r, for the antigens HLA-Dw/-DR/DP1-8 were 0.95 (DP/D), 0.94 (DP/DR), and 0.89 (D/DR). There is a remarkably strong correlation between HLA-D and -DR typing results concerning D/DR1-8, in particular in random individuals. It is possible to select PLT-cells that give typing results which are almost identical to those of HLA-D and -DR typing. When discrepant results were seen, HLA-DR was in general "broader" than DP which in turn was broader than HLA-D, indicating that it may be possible to split HLA-DR/DP1-8 into more "narrow" specificities. PMID- 7036404 TI - HLA-A, B, C, D, DR antigens and primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) defined DP antigens in juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - A total of 48 patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) were typed for HLA A, -B, -C, -D and -DR antigens and 36 patients were also typed for HLA-D/DR associated "DR"-antigens with the primed lymphocyte typing technique. In the total group of patients, we found increased frequencies of HLA-B27, HLA-Dw/DP5 and HLA-Dw/DP8, and decreased frequencies of HLA-Dw/-DR/DP2. The increased frequencies of HLA-Dw/DP8 and the decreased frequencies of HLA-Dw/-DR/DP2 were primarily found among patients with persistent pauciarticular arthritis. The frequencies of HLA-Dw/-DR/DP4 were increased in patients with polyarticular arthritis. The frequencies of HLA-B27 and -Dw/DP5 were increased in both pauciarticular and polyarticular arthritis. The results indicate (i) that genetic factors controlled by HLA confer susceptibility and/or resistance to JCA, and (ii) that the clinical subdivision of JCA into pauciarticular and polyarticular JCA can be supported by the presence of different genetic markers (HLA-antigens) in the two groups of JCA-patients. If these data can be confirmed HLA-D, -DR or DP typing may be of value in the prognostic evaluation of patients with pauciarticular onset JCA. PMID- 7036405 TI - An information theory quality score for reagent sera. AB - A quality score adapted from information theory is of interest in evaluating HLA typing sera in that it permits the evaluation of a panel of sera detecting a given specificity from the quality characteristics of the sera considered individually. The empirical question of additivity of quality scores is considered using data of the 8th International Histocompatibility Workshop. Additivity is only approximate, which indicates that panels of sera will not be quite as good as would be predicted by summing quality scores of the component sera. Methodological problems regarding estimation of the quality score are considered. The information quality score is related to other indices of serum quality for the special case in which reactions are scored as positive or negative. PMID- 7036406 TI - Distribution of blood group antigens in adult pancreas. AB - Numerous blood group antigens are present in different human tissues where they appear as immunological markers of certain structures. The Pr antigen is the only antigen present in the islet of Langerhans. The A, B, H and Lewis antigens are present in the centro acinar cells and the Pr and Lewis antigens are found on the membrane of the pancreatic ducts. A, B, H and Pk antigens are expressed in the capillaries. These kinds of studies could be important for the transplantation of the endocrine pancreas. PMID- 7036407 TI - The x-ray microanalysis of frozen-hydrated sections in scanning electron microscopy: an evaluation. AB - The present status of the technique to measure concentrations of electrolyte elements and dry mass in or approximately 1 mum thick frozen-hydrated sections of soft biological tissues with electron probe X-ray microanalysis in a scanning electron microscope is critically reviewed. The technique is to quench-freeze fresh specimens to less than -180 degrees C, cut approximately 1 mum thick hydrated cryosections ( less than or equal to -70 degrees C), transfer on to a cold stage (less than -170 degrees C) of a suitable microanalytical arrangement, obtain scanning transmission images to identify the cell and tissue compartments, locate an electron probe (several mum2 to 100 nm) on the areas of interest and collect X-ray quanta. The X-ray quanta collected with suitable spectrometers (WDS and EDS) and processed with a computer using a comprehensive programme based on continuum normalization procedures ('Hall' programme). The cryosections are analysed first in a hydrated state and second after dehydration within the microanalyser column to obtain directly elemental concentrations in muM kg-1 wet wt and muM kg-1 dry wt of the compartments identified under the beam. The local water-fractions are estimated and the elemental concentrations converted into muM 1(-1) water. In the past 7 years the technique has been applied to obtain fully quantitative information on Na, K, Cl, P, S, Ca and H2O in more than ten types of tissue. PMID- 7036408 TI - Immunohistological detection of B lymphocytes in the rat lymphoid organs by using anti-rat B lymphocyte serum. AB - Anti-rat B lymphocyte serum (ARBS) was prepared by immunizing rabbits with purified B cells from rat spleen and by absorbing the rabbit serum with rat red blood cells and syngeneic sarcoma cells. The specificity of ARBS for rat B cells was confirmed by various cytologic and immunofluorescence studies. By indirect immunofluorescence on tissue sections of rat spleen and lymph nodes, anatomical localizations of B cells in lymphoid organs were lymphoid follicles of the lymph node and lymphocyte corona surrounding periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths of the spleen; while cells located in the thymus-dependent area were essentially devoid of immunofluorescence or no cytoplasmic immunofluorescence was observed in plasma cells. Thus, the B cell distribution in tissue sections was clearly demonstrated with ARBS. When the cross-reactivity of ARBS with mouse B cells was studied by complement-dependent cytotoxicity and immunofluorescence, it was found that mouse B cells shared at least one determinant of rat B lymphocyte specific antigens (RBLA) with rat B cells, and that the distribution pattern of the cross-reacting antigens in mouse lymphoid tissues was essentially the same as that of RBLA in rat lymphoid organs. PMID- 7036409 TI - Structural chemistry of natural and synthetic ionophores and their complexes with cations. PMID- 7036410 TI - Bioorganic modelling stereoselective reactions with chiral neutral ligand complexes as model systems for enzyme catalysis. AB - In terms of the reporting of accomplished chemistry this review can do no more than give an indication of the rapid progress in the branch of bioorganic modelling based on the use of macrocyclic compounds that (usually) act as complexing agents. What remains to be done, however, is to point out problems that have not been satisfactorily solved and to suggest other profitable areas of investigation. From the material accumulated in this review one can draw the conclusion that especially crown (or cryptate) systems offer special advantages in bioorganic modelling because such compounds can - enzyme like - complex a potential substrate. On the basis of quite simple binding considerations, coupled with an analysis of steric interactions, accurate predictions of the stereochemistry of the complex can be made. The inclusion of catalytic groups in the crown (or cryptate) system and reactive functional groups in the substrate is then done in such a fashion that the stereoelectronic arrangement is compatible with the predicted geometry of the complex. However, the good complexing ability of the ligand is paradoxically often its greatest failing in terms of developing a system in which the functionalized ligand acts truly as a catalyst. As seen from much of the chemistry discussed in this review the ligand is incapable of the double task of complexing substrate but releasing product in an enzymic fashion, i.e. that turnover occurs. How is this problem to be solved? Induced conformational changes are an obvious approach although the design of proper systems remains a challenge for which few suggestions outside of unlimited ingenuity can be given. Much of the solution to such problems will lie also in a much better understanding than we now have of non-covalent interactions and the stereochemistry of such interactions. The assembly and disassembly of large molecular aggregates by the making and dissolution of non-covalent bonds is an art at which chemists are still relative amateurs. A better understanding of non covalent interactions may also provide the key to achieving also the twin goals of both speed and selectivity in bioorganic modelling. As far as enantioselectivity is concerned it is clear that this can be achieved fairly effectively by the use of relatively small, but appropriately placed, groups that force the substrate to complex in an enantioselective step with the ligand. In other words, the problem of enantioselectivity can be solved at the stage of complex forming, which is kinetically rapid. The p]roblem of rate enhancement lies in the mentarity with the transition state of the reaction being catalyzed. Again the achievement of this goal lies in ingenuity of design. Potential areas of applications of chiral crown ether (or cryptate) ligand systems in bioorganic modelling lie in, for example, the formation of carbon-carbon bonds, development of oxidative processes (i.e... PMID- 7036411 TI - Dynamic aspects of ionophore mediated membrane transport. PMID- 7036412 TI - Neuroendocrine effects of acute nickel chloride administration in rats. PMID- 7036413 TI - Acute effects of lead on the renal handling of zinc in dogs. PMID- 7036416 TI - The ageing kidney: biochemical and morphological study after irradiation. AB - The behaviour of some activities of the kidney was studied both in young-adult and in adult rats exposed to an 8-Gly dose of gamma-rays and killed at various intervals after irradiation (both in the morning and in the evening). Brush border and lysosomal enzymes did not show marked differences among control rats of the same age even if adult animals showed levels of maltase, alkaline phosphatase and LAP activities higher than the young-adult group. Moreover, irradiation did not induce typical modifications of the same enzyme activities in young-adult and adult rats. Adult animals showed a reduction in the brush border enzyme activities at 120 hours after irradiation while, at the same interval, lysosomal activities underwent an increase both in young and in adult animals. PMID- 7036415 TI - Induced gene mutation and mitotic non-disjunction in A. nidulans. AB - Toxicants of different classes were analysed for capacity to induce gene mutation and mitotic non-disjunction in Aspergillus nidulans, using selective and permissive tests, respectively. Ethanol, Amphotericin B and MIcanozole, all affecting membrane integrity, induced only non-disjunction, emphasizing the role of the membrane in mitosis. Benomyl and isopropyl-3-chlorophenyl carbamate (CIPC), two pesticides which interfere with spindle system, induced only non disjunction. Conversely, mitomycin C markedly increased mutation rate but not ono disjunction and scarcely affected the viability. The comparative analysis of these two different genetic damages should prove useful in evaluating hazards of drugs. PMID- 7036414 TI - Effect of acute nitrogen dioxide exposure on the prostacyclin synthesis in lung. AB - The effect of acute nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure on prostacyclin synthesis in the rat lung was studied. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ppm NO2 for 24 h. Dose-dependent decrease in prostacyclin-synthesizing activities of both homogenized and intact lung was observed. This decrease in prostacyclin synthesis following NO2 exposure may be related to formation of lipid peroxides due to NO2 exposure and to damage of pulmonary epithelial cells and endothelial cells by NO2 exposure. PMID- 7036417 TI - Effect of whole-body gamma-irradiation on tissue sialic acid in experimental rats. PMID- 7036418 TI - Histological effects of low-dose-rate gamma-irradiation. IV. Enzyme-histochemical studies. AB - Regarding the effect of a 10-Gy (1000 rd) acute whole-body gamma-irradiation, significant enzyme activity changes were demonstrated in radiosensitive and less radiosensitive organs of rat by histochemical methods. After irradiation with the same dose, using low (0.0042 Gy/min) dose-rate, the histochemical differences are generally less and their normalization is more rapid. Results similar to those of earlier histological experiments indicate that in case of low-dose-rate irradiation, the regeneration of damaged cells and cell functions, respectively, is sooner starting and more rapidly progressing than with acute irradiation. PMID- 7036419 TI - [Dose dependence of reproductive lethal cell damage after X-ray irradiation or exposition to adriamycin at low doses (author's transl)]. AB - The effect exerted by X-rays, adriamycin and combined adriamycin and X-ray exposition on the median colony size differences (MCD) on synchronized or partially synchronized hypotetraploid CHO-T71 fibroblasts proves that the MCD method is much more sensible in low dose regions than the normally used colony survival test. In dose regions lower than 1 Gy, the MCD shows a linear dependence on the radiation dose. As compared to the effect exerted by the cytostatic drug alone, the combined effect of adriamycin and X-rays shows a dose factor of 0,4 for the logarithmically rising scope of MCD. The possible reduction of adriamycin doses applied hitherto together with an additional irradiation provides a possibility to diminish toxic side effects for the patient and to preserve the local therapeutic effect. The authors underline the suitability of the MCD method for delicate biologic measurements on human cells in order to replace expensive experimentation on animals effected in order to test the individual efficacy of therapeutic combinations of cytostatic drugs and to ameliorate the demonstration of teratogenic and carcinogenic substances and substances with other toxic effects at low active ingredient concentrations. PMID- 7036420 TI - [Impression taking and jaw relation determination in edentulous jaws]. PMID- 7036421 TI - [Comparative clinical and radiological studies on Fluor ProtectorR and DuraphatR]. PMID- 7036422 TI - [The delivery of dentistry to everyone. 5. The specialists in diseases of the teeth and mouth]. PMID- 7036423 TI - [Ultrasonic and nitric-acid decalcification of teeth]. PMID- 7036424 TI - Age-related changes in localization of thymosin in the human thymus. AB - Using an indirect fluorescent antibody technique, localization of thymosin alpha 1, thymosin beta 3 and thymosin fraction 6 was studied in human thymus glands ranging in age from newborn to 62 yr old. Thymosin alpha 1 was detected specifically in thymic epithelial cells of the medulla and in cells covering the cortical surface. Thymosin beta 3 was detected almost exclusively in cells covering the cortical surface. Epithelial cells in the medulla, which were positive for thymosin alpha 1, decreased in number progressively with age, beginning at around 13 yr of age. Epithelial cells positive for thymosin alpha 1 and covering the cortical surface were observed in thymus tissue from all ages, although the absolute number decreased. Several of the peptide components of thymosin fraction 6 were found in thymic epithelial cells as well as in macrophages in the thymus and spleen. PMID- 7036425 TI - Chloroquine sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in Ibadan, Nigeria: II. Correlation of in vitro with in vivo sensitivity. AB - Plasmodium falciparum malaria was treated in 82 children with 25 mg/kg chloroquine orally over three days. They were observed for 28 days during which blood films were examined periodically for malaria parasites. Asexual forms of P. falciparum, present in the blood films of all the patients before commencing treatment, disappeared rapidly and by the third day no parasites were seen in blood films from any of them. Among the patients observed for more than three days, blood films remained negative throughout the observation period. In vitro tests of sensitivity of blood samples from 10 patients showed chloroquine concentrations of 0.5 to 0.8 nmol/ml to inhibit completely maturation from ring forms to schizonts. This suggests that P. falciparum in the Ibadan area is probably still fully sensitive to chloroquine. PMID- 7036426 TI - A comparison of two media for the isolation of campylobacter in the tropics. AB - Two selective media for the isolation of campylobacter from the faeces have been compared. Both have a similar isolation rate, but Butzler's medium allows easier identification and sub-culturing of campylobacter than Skirrow's medium because it is more inhibitory to other faecal organisms. Butzler's medium is made with sheep blood which is usually more easily available in Africa, so for these reasons it may be a more suitable medium for use there. PMID- 7036427 TI - Infection of young adult mice with dengue virus type 2. AB - Young adult female mice, five to six weeks old, were injected intraperitoneally with 2.5 x 10(6.3) LD50 of dengue-2 virus, New Guinea C strain. The mice were killed on day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 35 respectively. By means of the immunofluorescent antibody technique, viral antigen appeared as irregular granules in the reticuloendothelial cells of liver, lymph nodes and spleen of infected mice on the first day after inoculation and then diminished. From the fifth to sixth day of infection dengue antigen appeared again as homogeneous staining in the cytoplasm of single or groups of mononuclear cells in the lymphatic sinuses only. Later, by the third week of infection, dengue antigen could be seen in the mononuclear cells located in the marginal zone of lymphoid follicle of the spleen, the pattern of staining changing to bright spherical granules. At the same time, the deposition of immune complexes (composed of dengue antigen, mouse gamma and beta 1C globulin) could be seen in the renal glomeruli of infected mice. Serum antibody to dengue virus was found at low levels, being maximal on the 14th day after infection. Dengue virus was not isolated from the sera or from the infected organs. Granulomatous inflammation developed in lymph nodes and liver of mice infected with dengue virus and in mice inoculated with normal mouse brain suspension. Proliferative glomerular lesion was observed on day 14 after inoculation without definite abnormal urine findings. PMID- 7036428 TI - Chagas's disease in the Amazon Basin: Ii. The distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi zymodemes 1 and 3 in Para State, north Brazil. AB - In Para State, Brazil, 123 Trypanosoma cruzi stocks were isolated from 12 silvatic mammal species, five silvatic triatomine species and individuals with acute Chagas's disease. 100 T. cruzi stocks were identified as zymodeme (Z) 1, 17 as Z3 and 6 as Z3 with Z1 ASAT character, but none were T. cruzi Z2. Z1 was predominantly isolated from arboreal mammals, especially Didelphis marsupialis; Z3 was mainly found in terrestrial or burrowing mammals, particularly Dasypus novemcinctus and Monodelphis brevicaudata. It is not clear whether gene exchange occurs between the groups designated as zymodemes but the enzymic "distance" between T. cruzi Z1, Z2 and Z3, their different geographical distributions, host associations and local transmission cycles support the view that these zymodemes represent taxonomic units of fundamental epidemiological significance. T. cruzi (Z1) was isolated for the first time from the silky anteater (Cyclopes didactylus). PMID- 7036429 TI - Comparison of techniques for detection of domestic infestations with Triatoma infestans in Brazil. AB - The detection of infestations of Triatominae in houses in regions endemic for Chagas's disease is a criterion frequently used in the selection of areas, or of individual houses, for treatment in insecticide campaigns as well as in the evaluation of insecticide performance. Several different methods for detecting domestic infestations with Triatominae were compared: night capture, capture of five bugs with the aid of a flushing-out agent and use of card boxes of the Gomez Nunez type. The flushing-out and Gomez-Nunez box methods were found to be equally sensitive, although each failed to detect some infestations which the other detected. The night capture method was slightly more sensitive but was found to be impractical for insecticide trials. Improvement to the flushing-out method, notably the introduction of a systematic search technique, made it much more sensitive than the Gomez-Nunez box method for heavily infested houses and for houses three months after insecticide treatment. Although the sensitivity of the Gomez-Nunez box method increases when the boxes are left in place for a long time, this also limits the value of the information obtained regarding the evaluation of insecticides. On the basis of the results presented, the flushing out method using a systematic search of the house was found to be the most suitable sampling technique, but it is recognized that this method still has limitations. PMID- 7036430 TI - Serodiagnosis of human strongyloidiasis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - The sensitivity specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis has been investigated. 45 men with long standing strongyloidiasis were compared with the same number of age- and sex matched control subjects. The ELISA detected antibody in 84% of patients with parasitologically proven strongyloidiasis. When the technique was compared with an indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA), a high correlation coefficient was obtained. Specificity was demonstrated by observing a marked fall in optical density of pooled positive serum after prior incubation with Strongyloides ratti soluble antigen but not after incubation with antigens derived from Ascaris suum or Dirofilaria immitis. The test is simple and offers a useful method for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis. In these patients it was more reliable than a single parasitological examination of faeces or duodenal contents. PMID- 7036431 TI - Fansidar resistant falciparum malaria acquired in South East Asia. AB - A case of Plasmodium falciparum malaria resistant to Fansidar (sulphadoxine plus pyrimethamine) at a level corresponding to R III and resistant to chloroquine is reported. The infection was most certainly acquired in Malaysia, but diagnosed and treated in a non-malarious area. Normal resorption and elimination rates of the Fansidar components excludes cure failure due to abnormal drug fate in the host. P. falciparum parasites from the patient have been maintained in vitro cultures. The patient was permanently cured with mefloquine. PMID- 7036432 TI - Bancroftian filariasis in coastal North Trinidad, West Indies: intensity of transmission by Culex quinquefasciatus. AB - The intensity of transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti was measured in a coastal community in north Trinidad where 15% of the residents were microfilaraemic. The only significant vector, Culex quinquefasciatus, was studied in detail to determine seasonal abundance, longevity, infection and infectivity rates. Only 2.1% of the indoor biting population and 7.0% of the indoor resting population were infected. The daily mortality rate of the vector increased with age from 27% at four days to 44 to 47% at 12 days and is considered to be an important factor contributing to the low infectivity rate (0.1%). The mean number of C. quinquefasciatus bites received by a resident of the village during the year of observation was estimated to be 17,948 of which 14 were from mosquitoes harbouring infective larvae of W. bancrofti. The results from similar studies elsewhere are outlined, but the need for standardization of procedure is emphasized before more reliable comparisons can be made. PMID- 7036433 TI - Tests of susceptibility of Liberian Culex quinquefasciatus to Tanzanian Wuchereria bancrofti. AB - Culex quinquefasciatus strains of Liberian and Tanzanian origin were fed on Tanzanian donors with Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemias. 11 to 17 days later the mosquitoes were dissected and scored for the presence and numbers of immature and mature filarial larvae. In one experiment a significantly lower susceptibility was found in a Liberian compared with a Tanzanian strain, but in the other cases there was no significant difference. The susceptibility of the Liberian strains was higher than in published data on the same mosquito strains tested with Liberian W. bancrofti. It is doubtful whether the Liberian mosquito strains could be a useful source of genes for the construction of a refractory strain with which to replace an East African vector population. PMID- 7036434 TI - A comparison of electrophoretic methods for isoenzyme characterization of trypanosomatids. I: Standard stocks of Trypanosoma cruzi zymodemes from northeast Brazil. PMID- 7036435 TI - Historical introduction, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 7036436 TI - Cysticercus racemosus in an eosinophilic phlegmon in the brain. AB - Cysticercus racemosus in a tumour-like mass from the brain of a 30-year-old Canadian was identified by histological and specific immunofluorescent techniques. The patient possibly acquired the infection during her stay in India. She had a mild peripheral eosinophilia and complained of pounding headaches and convulsions. Examination of tissue sections revealed the larva enclosed in an eosinophilic phlegmon and the surrounding brain tissue infiltrated by histiocytes and eosinophils. Loss of microtriches and degenerative changes in the larva were apparent in areas with adherent eosinophils. With the appropriate reagents, both intracellular and interstitial specific immune complexes were detected in the biopsied tissue. The course of infection in the cystic and racemosus types of cysticercosis and the role of tissue eosinophilia in neurocysticercosis have been discussed. PMID- 7036437 TI - Chemotherapy with spaced doses of diethylcarbamazine preceded by levamisole on Bancroftian filariasis. AB - The administration of levamisole (2.5 mg/kg) in a single oral dose, the day before beginning weekly spaced dose of diethylcarbamazine (DEC), resulted in low blood levels of microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti six weeks after commencing treatment. This rapid decrease in microfilaraemia associated with the addition of levamisole overcomes a major disadvantage of using DEC alone-namely the necessity to commence spaced dose treatment several months before the transmission season. A further advantage of combined levamisole-DEC therapy is that levamisole is effective in ascariasis and hookworm-conditions which often co-exist in areas endemic for Bancroftian filariasis. PMID- 7036439 TI - S-antigens and isozymes in strains of Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Evidence was found for the independent reassortment of parasite genes for S antigens and isozymes. The Lagos and Palo Alto strains of Plasmodium falciparum had the same isozyme forms of PGD and LDH but different S-antigens. In contrast, the BW (Gambia) and Palo Alto strains had different isozyme forms of GDH but shared some S-antigens. From artificial mixtures of parasites with different isozymes of GDH and different S-antigens, clones were derived in vitro which had a single isozyme type of GDH and a single type of S-antigen. PMID- 7036440 TI - Imported filariasis in Pakistan. AB - Night blood surveys for filariasis were carried out in two camps of repatriates from Bangladesh. The sample consisted of 1,101 Biharis above one year of age of whom 9.0% were found infected with Wuchereria bancrofti. The infection rate was significantly higher in males (10.2%) than in females (6.7%). Of the three mosquito species (Anopheles stephensi, Culex pipiens fatigans and C. tritaeniorhynchus) collected in and around the camps, 4.1 and 2.5% of C. p. fatigans were found positive for W. bancrofti from the urban and rural camps, respectively. Infective stage larvae were found in the head, thorax and abdomen of C. p. fatigans in the months of May, June and July, suggesting that transmission could have been occurring in May, the hottest and driest month of the year. PMID- 7036438 TI - The in vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine combination in Ibadan, Nigeria. AB - Fifty-eight Nigerian children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria were allocated randomly into two groups and treated with either chloroquine (25 mg/kg over three days) or Fansidar (35 mg sulphadoxin (+ 1/20 pyrimethamine) per kg single dose)). They were observed for 28 days during which blood films were examined periodically for malaria parasites. Asexual forms of P. falciparum, which were present in the blood films of all the patients in both groups before commencing treatment, disappeared rapidly from the blood so that by the fourth day after starting treatment no parasites were seen in the blood films. The blood films thereafter remained negative in both groups throughout the rest of the 28-day observation period. The rate of fever clearance was also similar in both groups. The study did not show resistance to Fansidar or to chloroquine. There is therefore, at present, no case for the indiscriminate use of Fansidar on the basis of suspected chloroquine resistance. PMID- 7036441 TI - Malaria blood cultures: a rapid fixation method to prevent sloughing of the thick film. PMID- 7036442 TI - Plasmodium berghei exoerythrocytic forms develop only in the liver. PMID- 7036443 TI - Complement-dependent and independent mechanisms in acute antibody-mediated rejection of skin xenografts in the mouse. AB - Complement dependency of acute antibody-mediated rejection (AAR) was studied in a xenogeneic skin graft model in the mouse. PVG/c rat skin grafted to immunosuppressed mice was acutely destroyed by i.v. administered mouse anti-rat serum on day 7 after grafting. Depression of the hemolytic complement titer in the recipients was indicative for complement consumption during the rejection process. Complete and long-lasting complement depletion induced by treatment with cobra venom factor (COVF) decreased the sensitivity of the grafts to AAR. However, complete protection was not achieved, since high doses of antidonor serum again induced destruction. Similar results were obtained in C5-deficient recipients and in COVF-treated C5-deficient recipients. These results indicated that complement-independent rejection mechanisms were operative. This was further substantiated by the finding that purified noncomplement-fixing IgC1 subclass antibodies were able to elicit mice with a normal complement status was caused by intravascular coagulation without primary involvement of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In complement-depleted animals an Arthus-like reaction was seen, with dense intravascular accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) that, apparently, were attracted to the graft through complement-independent mechanisms. PMID- 7036444 TI - Renal transplantation in children: a comparative study between parental and well matched cadaveric grafts. AB - We review our results of transplantation performed during the last 10 years in 65 children less than 15 years old: 32 parental grafts (group P) are compared with 35 grafts from well-matched (mean HLA-A,B mismatches: 1.7) cadavers (group C). Group P patients' survival is slightly but not significantly better than that of group C recipients (96.6 versus 82.7% at 5 years). Graft survival is significantly (P less than 0.02) better in group P than in group C (85.2 versus 51.2% at 5 years). At the end of the study, 3 grafts (2 from rejection) are lost in group P versus 14 (8 from rejection) in group C (P less than 0.01). The number of acute rejection episodes treated during the first 3 months is significantly lower in group P recipients. Epiphyseal osteonecrosis is observed in none of the patients of group P but in five of group C. Hypertension is significantly less frequent in group P than in group C. The results obtained in group P are attributed largely to a better non HLA-A,B compatibility, although the potential role of splenectomy performed in 25 recipients of group P and in none of group C cannot be excluded. Furthermore, the improved technical conditions inherent in living donor transplantation probably play an additional role. We conclude that in children the fate of parental kidneys is significantly better than that of cadaver transplants selected for their good HLA-A,B compatibility. PMID- 7036445 TI - Humoral immunity in renal transplantation Detection of cytotoxic antibodies to lymphocyte antigens other than HLA-A,B,C and Ia-like antigens in patients with vascular graft rejection. AB - By using a Fab2 fragment blocking assay with cultured human B lymphoid cells and peripheral lymphocytes as targets, cytotoxic antibodies to Ia-like antigens, to HLA-A,B,C antigens, and to lymphocyte structures other than these two types of histocompatibility antigens were identified in serial post-transplant sera from 18 renal allograft recipients. Multiple combinations of these three types of antibodies were seen in 78% of the sera. A higher reactivity as well as higher titers of antibodies were found in patients with graft failure from rejection. The occurrence of anti HLA-A,B,C or anti Ia-like antibodies did not show any relationship to graft outcome. However, cytotoxic antibodies to other antigens (referred to as non-HLA antibodies) were detected in five of the six patients with graft failure and in only one patient with graft survival. In this latter patient, non-HLA antibodies occurred with a chronic rejection episode and were no longer detectable when the rejection ceased. This study shows that the Fab2 fragment blocking assay is a useful method to identify antibodies to multiple specificities in sera from kidney graft recipients, and suggests that non-HLA cytotoxic antibodies may be associated with graft rejection. PMID- 7036446 TI - Influence of organ culture on the survival of major histocompatibility complex compatible and incompatible parathyroid allografts in rats. PMID- 7036447 TI - A controlled trial of heparin in renal transplant rejection. PMID- 7036448 TI - Studies of the effects of alloimmunization on the local graft-versus-host reaction in the rat. AB - A model of rat graft-versus-host reactivity (GVHR) has been studied using lymphoid cells obtained following i.v. immunization of the parental strain donor with allo- or xenoantigens. Twenty-four hours after immunization with 10(7) F1 hybrid bone marrow cells, spleen cell reactivity inducing GVHR was increased, contrasting with decrease peripheral blood lymphocyte reactivity. This is probably attributable to an alloantigen-induced recruitment of GVH-reactive cells in the spleen. From the 3rd day up to 6 weeks after immunization, spleen cell and peripheral blood lymphocyte GVHR remained low. The suppression was nonspecific and was observed over a wide dose range of allogenic and semiallogeneic lymphoid cells of different origins. Allogeneic red blood cells and platelets were also effective in inducing suppression, but xenogenic lymphocytes and red blood cells were inefficient. The ability to induce suppression remained after heat killing the immunizing cells for 2 hr at 45 C, but disappeared if they were heated for 30 min at 56 C. In one of the two strain combinations studied, mixing experiments suggest that the suppression observed 1 week after immunization with 10(7) F1 hybrid bone marrow cells, a protocol used to achieve active enhancement of organ allograft, might be attributable in part to a nylon-wool-nonadherent suppressor cell. PMID- 7036449 TI - Cryptococcal meningitis causing fever of unknown origin in renal transplant recipients: report of two cases initially diagnosed by urine cultures. PMID- 7036450 TI - Differential effects of heterologous antisera on the survival of cardiac and skin allografts in rats. PMID- 7036451 TI - Immunological studies of eluates of 83 rejected kidneys: screening of antibodies directed against T and B lymphocytes, glomerular and tubular basement membranes, DNA, and IgG. PMID- 7036452 TI - T cell responses to alloantigens. III. Prolonged circulation of specific cytotoxic T memory cells following skin allograft rejection in mice. AB - A limit dilution technique was used to study specific circulating cellular memory to alloantigens in the blood of B6AF1 mice that had rejected B10.D2 or B10.BR skin grafts. A specific increase in cytotoxic T cell (Tc) precursor (CTL-P) frequency was detected as the skin grafts were rejected, and this persisted for the duration of the experiment (8 months) in the B6AF1 mice that had rejected B10.D2 skin grafts. By contrast, the CTL-P frequency for H-2Dk in the blood of B6AF1 mice that had rejected B10.BR skin grafts had returned to normal by 4 months after graft rejection. In addition, it was shown that peripheral blood lymphocytes from these immune mice could respond to heat-inactivated spleen cells of donor origin, whereas those of naive mice could not. PMID- 7036453 TI - Dinitrochlorobenzene skin test reactivity as a predictor of outcome in transplantation of juvenile onset diabetics. AB - More than 50% of patients with chronic renal failure will be suppressed in their cell-mediated immune response to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). This applies in renal failure attributable to juvenile onset diabetes as well as other types of end stage renal disease. Significantly better kidney survival of both living related and cadaver grafts is seen in diabetic patients who are non-responsive to DNCB. Twelve-month kidney survival for DNCB-negative patients receiving living related allografts is 71% compared with 25% for DNCB-positive patients. Twelve month kidney survival in cadaver recipients is 39% in DNCB-negative compared with 9% for DNCB-positive patients. Successful second grafts were done in DNCB negative diabetic patients, however, all second grafts in DNCB-positive patients failed in less than 3 months. DNCB skin test reactivity as a measure of cell mediated response is a valuable predictor of immunological outcome of transplantation in patients whose renal disease results from juvenile onset diabetes. Patient survival in DNCB nonresponders is nearly twice that of DNCB responders. Differences in outcome following transplantation could not be accounted for by HLA disparity, transfusion history, or other variables known to effect transplant outcome. Kidney and patient survival in DNCB-positive diabetic patients receiving either cadaver or living related allografts is sufficiently low as to identify them as a subpopulation of renal failure patients who should be treated by dialysis, or selected for special protocols which might provide immunological manipulation prior to transplantation to improve their treatment outcome. PMID- 7036454 TI - Blood transfusion and second kidney allograft survival. PMID- 7036455 TI - Sex-associated differences in the immune response against fetal major histocompatibility antigens. AB - Alloantibodies against H-2b and H-2k haplotypes were produced in C57BL/6J and C3H female and male mice in response to transplantation of F1 fetal tissue (bone) or adult F1 cells (spleen). Testing IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies by means of the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS II), we found no differences between males and females in the isotype content of antisera produced against spleen cells from adult donors. In contrast, striking sex-associated differences were found in the isotypes produced against fetal allografts: females produced much more IgG1 than males, although they produced comparable amounts of IgG2. Hence, it appears that females differ from males in their humoral alloreactivity against major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene products expressed on fetal cells. Such MHC antigens expressed on fetal tissues seem to generate different immune signals than the MHC antigens expressed on adult cells. These observations might be of relevance to the biological role played by the IgG1 alloantibodies produced during pregnancy against the MHC alloantigens of the fetus. PMID- 7036456 TI - Emergence of red blood cell agglutinins following renal transplantation in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7036457 TI - Host treatment with cyclophosphamide elicits transient changes in graft-versus host reactivity of donor cells. AB - We have investigated the effects of a single injection of cyclophosphamide (CY) in F1 host mice. One day after CY treatment, F1 host mice show increased susceptibility to graft-versus-host (GVH)-reactive parental strain spleen cells when measured by the popliteal lymph node (PLN) enlargement assay. F1 host mice challenged with parental strain cells 7 days after CY treatment show decreased PLN enlargement as compared with CY-untreated F1 hosts receiving parental strain cells. The PLN reactivity of normal F1 spleen cells injected into F1 hosts pretreated with CY was also measured. F1 spleen cells elicited marked PLN enlargement when injected into F1 hosts that were treated with CY 1 day previously. By day 7 after CY treatment of F1 hosts, F1 cells no longer produced significant PLN enlargement as compared to untreated F1 hosts receiving F1 cells. We discuss these results in terms of the possibility that CY initiates changes in host antigenicity that can lead both to an increase in responsiveness of GVH reactive cells and to susceptibility to attack by syngeneic cells. PMID- 7036458 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in children with severe aplastic anemia: reconstitution of cellular immunity. AB - Cellular immune functions were evaluated longitudinally in seven children with severe aplastic anemia, who were successfully transplanted with bone marrow cells from an HLA-identical, mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)-negative sibling. Several parameters were followed: the number of lymphocytes and E rosette-forming cells in the peripheral blood and the lymphocyte reactivity toward various mitogens, antigens, and allogeneic lymphocytes. Some patients already displayed decreased in vitro lymphocyte reactivity before transplantation, especially with regard to the response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM). After transplantation, a severe cellular immunodeficiency developed in all patients, with low numbers of T cells and markedly impaired responsiveness to mitogens, antigens, and allogeneic lymphocytes. Variations between patients were substantial, both with regard to the severity and duration of the immunodeficiency and to the pattern of the recovery of lymphocyte responses to mitogens and antigens. This variability might be attributable to an imbalanced proliferation of different lymphocyte subsets and/or the sequence of appearance of receptors for mitogens on the cell surface. PMID- 7036459 TI - Matching for properdin factor B (Bf) in renal transplantation. AB - Forty-five donor and recipient primary cadaveric kidney transplant pairs were phenotyped for the properdin factor B (Bf) polymorphism. Graft survival was analyzed on the basis of Bf matching between donor and recipient. Patients receiving a Bf-identical kidney had significantly better graft survival than those receiving a Bf-incompatible kidney (P = 0.045). It is postulated that Bf, which maps in the major histocompatibility system, is a marker for genes of importance in kidney transplant survival. PMID- 7036460 TI - Association of T cells with proliferating cells in lymphoid follicles. AB - Frozen sections of lymph nodes from normal mice were examined by immunofluorescence with anti-T lymphocyte and anti-Ig reagents and by autoradiography following [3H]TdR administration. The scattered T lymphocytes present among B lymphocytes of primary follicles were found to be mostly nonproliferating; the few proliferating cells in primary follicles are therefore predominantly B lymphocytes. More than one-half (56%) of these proliferating B lymphocytes were found to be in direct contact with a T lymphocyte; this incidence is 5-fold higher than that expected by random association. In germinal centers, virtually all proliferating cells were found to be non-T lymphocytes as well. The association of proliferating B cells with T cells may be the result of specific cooperation between these two cell types. These data are discussed in the context of what is known of T/B collaboration and of primary follicles as a possible site of this interaction. PMID- 7036461 TI - Passive enhancement of rat renal allografts using mouse monoclonal xenoantibodies. AB - These studies test the effectiveness for passive enhancement of rat renal allografts of mouse monoclonal xenoantibodies to rat major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. Two fully characterized, noncytotoxic monoclonal antibodies, both of which show some allospecificity, were tested in several different MHC-incompatible strain combinations chosen such that the monoclonal antibodies reacted with the donor but not the recipient strain. The antibody F21 105-1, directed at RT1-A (class I) antigens, interacts with all strains tested except the PVG/c strain and was tested in the LEW to PVG/c and WAG to PVG/c combinations. The antibody F17-23-2, directed to RT1-B (class II or Ia) antigens, interacts with all strains tested except the PVG/c, AUG, and WAG strains and was tested in the LEW to PVG/c and LEW to WAG combinations. Our results demonstrate that noncytotoxic monoclonal xenoantibodies are effective for passive enchancement but that in strong donor-recipient combinations they might not be quite as effective as conventional allosera. Nevertheless, they are likely to be useful reagents for testing the efficacy of passive enhancement in the clinical situation. PMID- 7036462 TI - Spontaneous long-term survival of liver allografts in inbred rats: influence of the hepatectomy of the recipient's own liver. PMID- 7036463 TI - Survival of patients returning to chronic dialysis after a failed renal transplant. PMID- 7036464 TI - Effect of blood transfusions to the donor on kidney graft survival in man. PMID- 7036465 TI - Hemosiderosis: an unrecognized complication in renal allograft recipients. AB - During the past decade, 258 patients received 293 renal transplants at Hennepin County Medical Center Minneapolis, Minnesota. Twenty-three of these patients had a pretransplant liver biopsy. Thirty-six patients had liver biopsies done during the post-transplant period. Liver tissue at autopsy was available from 24 patients who died after receiving a kidney transplant. Systematic analysis of the biopsy and autopsy specimens with appropriate tissue stains showed significant iron deposition (3+ to 4+) within the hepatic parenchymal cells in 1 of the 23 (4%) pretransplant biopsies and 17 of the 60 (28%) post-transplant specimens (P = 0.02). Eight of the 17 (47%) patients with post-transplant hemosiderosis also exhibited histological features of liver cirrhosis. As hemosiderosis is reversible with intermittent phlebotomies, early recognition and adequate management are highly desirable. We suggest that the serum ferritin level, which is a reliable index of body iron stores, should be monitored in all patients at periodic intervals following renal transplantation. PMID- 7036466 TI - Functional assessment of hepatocytes after transplantation into rat spleen.. AB - The retention of structural integrity and metabolic function by isolated hepatocytes after ectopic transplantation has been investigated in autografted rats. Rats were partially hepatectomized and isolated hepatocytes prepared from the excised liver lobes were implanted into their spleens. Histological examination of the spleens 7 or more weeks after implantation revealed aggregates of hepatocytes in the red pulp. Two tests of biochemical function were applied to the hepatocytes after transplantation. In the first the hepatobiliary imaging agent technetium-99m N-[N'-(2, 6-dimethylphenyl)carbamoylmethyl]iminodiacetic acid (99mTc HIDA), which was shown to be avidly taken up by isolated hepatocytes in vitro, was infused into the tail veins of autograft and control rats. Radioactivity accumulating in the spleens of autografted rats was markedly greater than that in controls implanted with lethally damaged cells or in nontransplanted rats. In the second the presence of bilirubin metabolites was sought in autograft spleens after intravenous infusion of bilirubin. Both mono- and diglucuronides of bilirubin were recovered from the spleens of autograft rats but no conjugates were recovered from the spleens of unoperated controls. We conclude that after autotransplantation isolated hepatocytes retain their morphology and at least some of their functional activities. PMID- 7036467 TI - Growth of SJL/J-derived RCS as related to its ability to induce T cell proliferation in the host. II. Negative influence of H-2d1. AB - Backcross SJL x (SJL x BALB/c)F1 and (SJL x BSVS)F1 mice were examined for their ability to support growth of transplantable SJL lymphoma (reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS). A marked linkage to H-2 was noted in that H-2s/d backcross mice failed to support tumor growth, while H-2s/s backcross mice showed approximately 70% of the growth seen in SJL mice, as judged by lymph node and spleen weights. Spleen cells obtained from backcross mice by splenectomy were examined for their ability to give proliferative responses to gamma-RCS cells, whereafter individual splenectomized mice were also examined for their ability to support lymphoma growth. Both properties showed a similar degree of linkage to H-2 and to each other, although there seemed to be a segregating non-H-2 BALB gene which also exerted an additional, less marked negative influence on the proliferative responses. It is suggested that the proliferative response in vivo may contribute to the lymphoma growth and that the presence of H-2d is inhibitory. (SJL x BSVS)F1 mice gave excellent proliferative responses and supported growth of RCS to approximately 80% of those of controls. These results confirm previous conclusions on the negative effect of H-21d in F1 hybrids on both phenomena. PMID- 7036468 TI - Immunological recovery in 48 patients following syngeneic marrow transplantation or hematological malignancy. PMID- 7036469 TI - Thymus transplantation after allogeneic bone marrow graft to prevent chronic graft-versus-host disease in humans. PMID- 7036470 TI - Cells mediating graft rejection in the mouse. II. The Ly phenotypes of cells producing tumor allograft rejection. AB - The particular T cell subsets involved in the rejection of tumor allografts were examined in mice using two different approaches. In the first, EL4 lymphoma cells or B16 melanoma cells were given to ATXBM-CBA/H mice which had been reconstituted with either naive or sensitized T cells selectively depleted with either Ly-1 or Ly-2 monoclonal antibodies. In mice receiving nonsensitized T cells, Ly-123 cells and to a lesser extent Ly-1 cells were involved in the rejection of both tumors: Ly-23 cells played no role in this rejection. By contrast, in mice receiving sensitized cells, rejection was mediated by Ly-1 cells and not by Ly-123 or Ly-23 cells. In a second approach, sensitized cells were mixed with the tumor cells prior to injection into mice (the Winn neutralization assay). In this case, Ly 123 cells were the prime mediators of graft rejection. We conclude that both Ly-1 and Ly-123 cells can act as mediators of graft rejection. Ly-1-sensitized cells probably act as in a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response where few lymphocytes can lead to the rejection of many cells. In addition, Ly-123 cells can act as killer T cells but large numbers and the close apposition with the target cells are required. Our results also demonstrate a requirement for Ly-123 precursor cells in nonsensitized mice, probably acting as precursors for both types of effector cell. PMID- 7036471 TI - Association of a better kidney graft survival with the presence of circulating immune complexes before transplantation. AB - The presence of circulating immune complexes was investigated using the C1q binding assay before and after kidney transplantation in 48 patients with renal failure. Circulating immune complexes were found in 54% of the patients. The presence of circulating immune complexes prior to grafting was associated with a better renal graft survival. Median survival time of grafts in patients with circulating immune complexes was more than 18 months as compared with 21/2 months in patients without such complexes. The incidence of circulating immune complexes in patients before transplant could not be related to the renal disease, viral infections, blood transfusions, or serum levels of lymphocytotoxic antibodies, IgG, or IgM. PMID- 7036472 TI - An elective transfusion policy: sensitization rates, patient transplantability, and transplant outcome. PMID- 7036473 TI - Comparison of immunogenicity of fresh and stored blood. A study in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7036474 TI - Selective localization of cortical thymocytes to cardiac allografts in enhanced rats. PMID- 7036476 TI - Prolongation of canine skin graft survival by deoxycoformycin. PMID- 7036475 TI - Donor-reactive lymphocytes are opsonized in mice with passively enhanced skin allografts but not in tolerant mice. PMID- 7036477 TI - Effect of thymectomy on the cell-mediated cytotoxicity response to male skin grafts in C3H/HeN female mice. PMID- 7036478 TI - Disappearance of glomerular mesangial IgA deposits after renal allograft transplantation. PMID- 7036480 TI - MHC-coded unique alloantigens and antitumor immunity. PMID- 7036479 TI - Surface expression of alien hybrid IE/C antigens on the reticulum cell sarcoma of SJL/J mice. PMID- 7036481 TI - Nonresponsiveness to H-Y: tolerance in H-2b mice. PMID- 7036482 TI - Alien-driven diversity and alien-selected escape: a rationale for allogeneic cancer immunotherapy. AB - We have presented two theories relating to the function of histocompatibility antigens and their presence as alien antigens on tumor cells. The theory of alien driven diversity suggests that the ability to effectively recognize pathogens in the form of "altered-self" derives from prior exposure to antigens cross-reactive with "altered-self" during development. Furthermore, these cross-reactive antigens are alloantigens that are expressed on autologous cells during somatic development. These somatically generated alloantigens could be the result of the same genetic alterations that produced the polymorphism of these antigens within the species. Second, the theory of alien-selected escape suggests that a tumorigenic pathogen selects a cell bearing an alien H* antigen so that the alien infected cell is recognized as self rather than altered-self by the tumor host. We than summarized data from mouse and man consistent with these theories and with the concept that clinically evident tumors have escaped the host's immune system. Finally, we have discussed potential directions for devising immunotherapy with allogeneic cells that might circumvent the apparent unresponsiveness of the patient's immune system to his own tumor. PMID- 7036483 TI - Further evidence for antitumor resistance in WKA rats immunized with allogeneic cells. PMID- 7036484 TI - Purification of human tumor nucleolar antigens to electrophoretic homogeneity. PMID- 7036485 TI - [Modern methods of analyzing electron microscope autoradiograms in research at the subcellular level]. AB - The further progress in electron microscope autoradiography and the extent of its employment in histology and cytology are associated with the development of reliable methods of analysis. The essence of the main approaches to the analysis of high resolution autoradiograms is shortly reviewed. The examples given illustrate the usage of el electron microscope autoradiography as a quantitative method of research at the subcellular level. PMID- 7036486 TI - Environmental aspects of cholera epidemiology. III. Transmission and control. PMID- 7036487 TI - [Exchange reactions in brain tissue under chronic ethanol intoxication]. AB - The paper deals with characterization of systems utilizing ethanol and reactions conjugated with its exchange in the brain tissue under chronic alcohol intoxication. The following is established: the absence of the alcoholdehydrogenase pathway of ethanol oxidation in rabbits, unbalanced splitting of carbohydrates under two-months ethanol load, disturbance of oxidative processes in the tricarboxylic acids cycle, a decrease in the pool of oxidized nicotin amide coenzymes. PMID- 7036488 TI - [Dicarboxylic amino acids in brain proteins under conditions of sensitization with brain antigen]. AB - Under conditions of the organism sensibilization with brain antigen there occur changes in amino acid composition of the brain protein fractions. The ratio of negatively charged amino acids to positively charged ones in sharply shifted towards predominance of the negative charge. A conclusion is made that such a brain protein modification activates acid peptide hydrolases and intensifies the sensibility of the proteins to these acid proteinases. PMID- 7036489 TI - [Changes in the transaldolase activity in the liver, spleen and bone marrow of rats after total X-ray irradiation]. AB - The paper deals with changes in the activity of transaldolase in tissues of the liver, spleen and bone marrow of rats 4.24 h and on the 3 d, 7th, 18th, 30th, 45th, and 60th day after total X-ray irradiation in a dose of 600 R. The ionizing irradiation causes a stable inhibition of the enzyme activity in All tissues. The observed changes are homogeneous in their direction but have their own peculiarities for each tissue. Differences in the degree and extent of the enzyme activity changes at various stages of the X-ray lesion development in the tissues under study may be explained by their different sensitivity to the penetrating radiation. PMID- 7036490 TI - [Human insulin. A progress?]. PMID- 7036491 TI - [Foreign body in the larynx. A primarily misinterpreted case]. PMID- 7036492 TI - Problems encountered by early endoscopists. PMID- 7036493 TI - Vascular factor in erectile failure among diabetics. AB - Clinical, sexual, and laboratory evaluations were made on 47 impotent diabetics. All patients were given a Doppler PAPS examination and a neurologic assessment of the penis (BCRL and/or CMG). Nerve conductivity tests of the legs were also administered to most patients. The groups were classified as to whether they were insulin or noninsulin dependent. Abnormalities of penile arterial flow were detected in 95.7 per cent of all the patients. Penile arterial occlusions without associated penile neuropathies occurred in 61.7 per cent. Penile neuropathies were found in 34 per cent, and all were associated with varying degrees of penile arterial obstruction. Diabetics who were dependent on insulin showed a high frequency of vascular pathologies and a 12 to 15 per cent higher rate of penile neuropathies than the group not dependent on insulin. Our study suggests that obstruction of penile arteries is the primary factor in erectile dysfunction of diabetics. Those impotent diabetics without any overt penile nerve damage might be good candidates for revascularization procedures. PMID- 7036494 TI - Immunoperoxidase localization of prostatic acid phosphatase in prostatic carcinoma with sarcomatoid changes. AB - Immunoperoxidase staining of tissue for prostatic acid phosphatase has been useful in confirming the prostatic origin of metastatic deposits. This technique was used on the prostate tumors of 2 patients to differentiate between a true carcinosarcoma and a pure epithelial carcinoma with sarcomatoid changes. Positive staining for prostatic acid phosphatase in both the sarcomatoid element, as well as the area of well-differentiated carcinoma, confirmed the common epithelial cell origin of these components. Electron microscopy further confirmed these findings by demonstrating desmosomes in the sarcomatoid areas. Although each type of tumor is rare, differentiation between true carcinosarcomas and true carcinomas with sarcomatoid changes is important to elucidate further their different clinical behaviors and responses to therapy. PMID- 7036495 TI - Artificial heart implantation, later cardiac transplantation in the calf. PMID- 7036496 TI - Prompt, long-term functional replacement of skin. PMID- 7036497 TI - Quantitation of platelet lysis, platelet consumption on oxygenator, and stabilization of platelet membrane with prostacyclin and ibuprofen during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in dogs. PMID- 7036498 TI - On the clinical use of microencapsulated zirconium phosphate-urease for the treatment of chronic uremia. PMID- 7036499 TI - Pancreatic endocrine function following exocrine ablation with silicone rubber polymers. PMID- 7036500 TI - Prostacyclin in lieu of anticoagulation with heparin for extracorporeal circulation. AB - Prolonged extracorporeal circulation (ECC) using heparin as anticoagulant may be associated with pronounced thrombocytopenia and excessive bleeding. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that reversible inhibition of platelet function, in lieu of heparinization, might preserve platelets and prevent coagulation in a perfusion circuit. When 500 ml of fresh heparinized (one U/ml) human blood was recirculated in a perfusion circuit constructed of standard silicone rubber components and a membrane oxygenator (0.95 M2), platelet counts declined to 9 +/- 2 (SEM) % of initial levels within 15 mins; plasma levels of the platelet specific protein LA-PF4 rose to 15 +/- 2 micrograms/ml within one hour indicating extensive release of platelet granule contents, and leukocyte counts declined to 91 +/- 4% within 15 mins. Prostacyclin (PGI2, greater than or equal to 25 eta M) or prostaglandin E1 (20 microM) and theophylline (12 mM) prevented platelet loss and release of granule contents. When heparin was reversed with protamine, however, immediate coagulation ensured. This occurred despite the absence of detectable activation of Hageman factor as evidenced by stability of plasma concentrations of prekallikrein in systems anticoagulated with heparin or citrate and despite our inability to detect thromboplastin-like properties in isolated leukocytes. Thus, coagulation in the presence of platelet inhibition suggests that alternative pathways, independent of platelet activation may exist. Platelet inhibition does preserve platelets preventing contact initiated release, but cannot serve by itself for anticoagulation. PMID- 7036501 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and transplantation. PMID- 7036502 TI - Recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children following renal transplantation. PMID- 7036503 TI - Prostaglandin releasing polymers - stability and efficacy. AB - In summary, PGI2 is approximately 3 orders of magnitude more potent than PGE1 in the prevention of platelet aggregation. Similarly PGE1 is an order of magnitude more potent than PGD2 (ID50's = 5.3 x 10(-10) M, 1.3 x 10(-7) M and 1.4 x 10(-6) M for PGI2, PGE1 and PGD2 respectively). Results from biological and infrared stability studies demonstrate that both PGI2 and PGE1 are stable for extended periods of time when dispersed within hydrophobic polymer matrices, an important consideration in the design of nonthrombogenic, prostaglandin controlled release polymers. Finally, both PGE1 and PGI2 controlled release polymers inhibit platelet aggregation in contacting blood, of which PGE1 produced greater platelet aggregation inhibition (90% inhibition) than did PGI2 (75% inhibition). However, PGE1 controlled release polymers significantly reduced platelet adhesion (11.25 +/- 3.68 platelets/mm2) compared to control polymers (50.65 +/- 8.8 platelets/mm2) while PGI2 controlled release polymers demonstrated no improvement in platelet adhesion (25.00 +/- 18.61 platelets/mm2) relative to control polymers (30.43 +/- 7.62 platelets/mm2). One cannot conclude that the lack of reduced platelet adhesion on the PGI2 controlled release surfaces is due to the instability of PGI2. The fact that significant inhibition of platelet aggregation in both blood fractions which contacted the PGI2 controlled release surfaces occurred substantiates that the released PGI2 was active. It must be concluded that PGI2 does not affect platelet adhesion. It is interesting to note that less platelets adhered to the PGI2 control PVC surfaces than on the PGE1 control PVC surfaces. The PGI2 control PVC surfaces were equilibrated with a TRIZMA buffer in 5% dextrose (to provide isotonicity) while the PGE1 control PVC surfaces were equilibrated in isotonic phosphate buffer saline. PMID- 7036504 TI - Glucose metabolism in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). PMID- 7036505 TI - [Use of dermatoplasty in treating open fractures of the lower extremities in patients with multiple and combined injuries]. PMID- 7036506 TI - [Rheography of the transplanted kidney]. PMID- 7036507 TI - [Replantation of the fingers]. PMID- 7036508 TI - [Intra-aortic balloon pumping in treating acute heart failure]. PMID- 7036509 TI - [Therapeutic embolization of the renal arteries in chronic kidney failure before and after kidney transplant]. AB - Results of the functional "cut off" of the kidneys in 9 patients with the terminal stage of chronic renal insufficiency for refractory hypertony are reported. Besides, this procedure was fulfilled in 2 patients in different terms after renal transplantation. Total embolization of the renal arteries is believed by the authors to result in normal or reduced arterial pressure in 85% of cases. No hypotensive effect was noted in incomplete "cut off" of the renal vessels. PMID- 7036510 TI - [Vacuum drainage and long-term perfusion with antiseptic solutions of the sutured wound in treating bone and osteoarticular paronychia]. PMID- 7036511 TI - [Bone replacement alloplasty as viewed from its late results]. PMID- 7036512 TI - The pancreas: Part 1--evaluating blood glucose. PMID- 7036513 TI - The effects of soybean trypsin inhibitors on the pancreas of animals and man: a review. AB - Human trypsin is more resistant to inhibition than is the trypsin of other mammalian species. The effect on human trypsin of soybean trypsin inhibition in soy protein does not appear to be a potential hazard to man. Therefore, the elimination of STI does not seem to be necessary for humans. In animal diets, however, pancreatic toxicity must be considered whenever soybean protein is utilized. Soybeans should be treated to increase their nutritional benefits and decrease any animal health risks (27-29). This will insure healthy control subjects in laboratory situations and avoid misinterpretation of pathologic data. The treatment suggested is heat (2,18,25,30-32) since heat will destroy most of the soybean trypsin inhibitors. Additional supplementation is required following heat treatment for amino acids (33,34) such as methionine, valine, and threonine; for choline (2,14,35); and for the minerals zinc (36) and calcium (11,34). Excessive heat must be avoided since it will decrease the nutritional value of soybean protein and increase lysinoalanine, a nephrotoxic substance (12). Finally, the use of STI as a promotor in the study of potential pancreatic carcinogens may prove beneficial for cancer research (24,25) and might be considered in the future. PMID- 7036514 TI - Recognizing potential toxicity of phenol. AB - Data is presented which correlates phenol levels in human urine with inhalatory and skin exposures (phenol is rapidly collected and excreted in urine). "Normal" phenol levels in human urine are compared with urine levels resulting from exposure to phenol. A correlation is made between urine phenol levels and potential human toxicity. PMID- 7036515 TI - The halogenated hydrocarbon pesticides: the environment and mankind. PMID- 7036516 TI - [Prospects of using modern x-ray contrast substances for intravenous cholegraphy (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7036517 TI - [Presence of salmonellae and coliform bacteria in ground meat and the sources of its contamination]. AB - Studied were a total of 14,944 samples of minced meat for the presence of Salmonellae and 608 samples for establishing the coli-titer. Examined were also bacteriologically 5651 washing samples from the workers' hands, the machines, equipment and stock implements in the shops for the production of minced meat prior to starting work as well as 3721 washing samples from the same for the presence of coliforms. It was found that 1.81 per cent of 14,188 samples of minced meat were contaminated with as many as 17 serotypes of Salmonella organisms belonging to the B, C and E serogroups. It was believed that the primary source of Salmonellae in minced meat were the clinically normal Salmonella carrier animals apart from the occasional contamination during the individual technologic stages of processing. The smallest amount of minced meat in which coli bacteria (titer) could be found varied within the range of 0.01 to 0.0001, 53 out of the investigated 608 samples, i. e. 8.72 per cent showing a titer of 0.01, 477 samples (78.45 per cent) having a titer of 0.001, and 78 samples (12.88 per cent) having a titer of 0.0001. Of the examined samples washings 25.69 were positive for coli bacteria, and 0.27 per cent--for Salmonella bacteria, which spoke of improper disinfection. PMID- 7036518 TI - [Recent status of psittacosis infection (review) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036519 TI - [Dr. Konrad Rysanek - 60 years old]. PMID- 7036520 TI - [Our physicians in the history and development of shorthand]. PMID- 7036521 TI - [Current questions of the fatigue problem in flight personnel]. PMID- 7036522 TI - [Outstanding naval physician: Iurii Aleksandrovich Romanychev]. PMID- 7036523 TI - [40th anniversary of the Battle of Moscow]. PMID- 7036524 TI - [40th anniversary of the Yugoslav military health service]. PMID- 7036525 TI - [Preparation and manufacture of drugs in the pharmaceutical service of the Yugoslav Army]. PMID- 7036526 TI - [Development of the partisan medical service in Slovenia during the National War of Liberation]. PMID- 7036527 TI - [Chronology of events important for the health service during the National Liberation War from 1941 to 1945]. PMID- 7036528 TI - [Objective assessment of the manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis that characterize its evolution. II. Method of transcutaneous puncture biopsy of the synovial membrane using a modified Parker and Pearson needle]. PMID- 7036529 TI - [Morphological changes in the synovial membrane of the knee in the early stage of systemic scleroderma (light, immunofluorescence and electron microscope studies)]. PMID- 7036531 TI - A new elution procedure using chloroform, a nonflammable organic solvent. AB - A new method for eluting red cell antibodies using chloroform has been shown to be effective. The method is similar to ether and xylene techniques but can be completed within 10 min after adequate cell washing. Comparison studies using ether, xylene and chloroform showed that antibodies eluted by chloroform yielded equivalent titration scores. Antibodies within the Ss blood group system were easily eluted using chloroform but not using ether. Also, the chloroform method yielded informative eluates when prepared from red cells of patients with warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia, drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia, hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by ABO or Rh fetal maternal incompatibility, or from patients having a positive direct antiglobulin test as a result of alloantibodies stimulated by recent transfusion ("delayed transfusion reaction'). The advantages of chloroform elution are: (1) chloroform is nonflammable; (2) the eluate is readily obtained from the top layer after centrifugation; (3) no residual solvent remains in the eluate, and (4) the method is rapid. PMID- 7036530 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of the synovial membrane and synovial fluid]. PMID- 7036532 TI - [Development of gastroenterology in the Ukraine during the 10th Five-Year Plan]. PMID- 7036533 TI - [Effect of tobacco smoking on the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 7036534 TI - [Clinical course and etiology of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children]. PMID- 7036535 TI - [Usefulness of large doses of methylprednisolone in the treatment of shock]. PMID- 7036536 TI - [Current theories on the possibilities of treatment of amyloidosis]. PMID- 7036537 TI - [Description of 3 cases of botulism in 1822]. PMID- 7036538 TI - [Illness and death of King Alexander Jagiellonczyk]. PMID- 7036539 TI - [Simple computer system for a hospital department, assisting in diagnostic and therapeutic decisions]. PMID- 7036540 TI - [Leukocyte migration inhibition test with food allergens and E. coli 0-14 antigen in patients with ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 7036541 TI - [Alcoholic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 7036542 TI - [Differential diagnosis of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children with special reference to immunologic deficiencies]. PMID- 7036543 TI - [Infections caused by anaerobic bacteria in surgical practice]. PMID- 7036544 TI - [Dr. Michal Kimontt]. PMID- 7036545 TI - [Illness and death of King Sigismund I]. PMID- 7036546 TI - [Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and electric stimulation of cardiac action described 200 years ago]. PMID- 7036547 TI - [Illness and death of King Augustus III]. PMID- 7036548 TI - [Behavioral pattern as a risk factor in arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7036549 TI - [Treatment of femoral neck fractures in patients with diabetes]. PMID- 7036550 TI - [Hemorrhage from the brachiocephalic trunk as a complication of tracheostomy]. PMID- 7036551 TI - [Thoughts about death]. PMID- 7036553 TI - State Medical Society of Wisconsin 1981-1982 membership directory as of December 31, 1981. PMID- 7036552 TI - Chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer: clinical trials at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. PMID- 7036554 TI - [Use of automated image analysis for screening the efficiency of turimycin producing Streptomyces strains]. AB - The growth of the surface colonies on solid media is studied with the image analyzing system Quantimet 720 M controlled by a PDP 11 computer. For the bacterial strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus JA 6599 a new differential equation describing the kinetic behaviour of the area of the colony is suggested. It is shown that this time dependence of area describes more realistically the experiment than the function resulting from Pirt's model. Two new constants arise from the growing curve, alpha describes the profile of density of the colony and k0 is correlated to the growing constant of the colony. Both parameters can be correlated to the amount of antibiotics produced and, therefore, it is possible to use this information for the selection procedure of the colonies. A uniform criterion for selection was found for each colony of two mutants of the turimycin producing strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus JA 6599, which reads: (Formula: see text). The quality of the selection criterion of surface colonies with higher productivity is dependent on the mean value of the growing parameters of all colonies under investigation. Limitations of the selection method arise from the need for great uniformity of environmental conditions, growth medium and a homogeneous spore suspension, which have to consist of a large amount of single spores in order to assure a reproducible growing curve of the colonies. For the last condition a special technique is pointed out. PMID- 7036555 TI - Attachment to glass surfaces of muscle cells revealed by reflection contrast microscopy. PMID- 7036556 TI - [Karyo- and cytometric investigations of cortical layer V pyramidal neurons of albino rat after three various fixations]. AB - Layer V-pyramidal neurons of the temporal neocortex of albino rat (24 and 36 days old) were examined morphometricly. Length and width of the perikaryon, long and short diameter of the nucleus and the position of the nucleus in the perikaryon were compared with each other after three fixations (Formalin, Bouin, Carnoy). Changes of form and/or position caused by fixation allow no exact statements about the condition in vivo. They are founded on the changes on molecular plain. Resultant problems for karyometric investigations are pointed out. PMID- 7036557 TI - [Surgical correction of scars. Possibilities and limitations]. PMID- 7036558 TI - [20 years of pacemaker therapy]. PMID- 7036559 TI - Cancer trends: a treatment role for autologous bone marrow transplants? PMID- 7036560 TI - Possible role of anaerobic bacteria in the persistence of streptococcal tonsillar infection. PMID- 7036561 TI - New medical tool for submarine corpsmen: computer ready for sea trials. PMID- 7036562 TI - [Hormonal regulation of glucose secretion of the human liver in normal and disturbed metabolism]. PMID- 7036563 TI - [Glucose utilization of skeletal muscles: effect of muscle activity and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7036564 TI - [Lipometabolism disorders in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7036565 TI - [Therapy of diabetic coma]. PMID- 7036566 TI - [Perspectives on the therapy of diabetes]. PMID- 7036567 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of pemphigus]. PMID- 7036568 TI - [Treponema pallidum ultrastructure and the mechanisms of cellular protection before and during syphilis therapy]. PMID- 7036569 TI - [60th anniversary of the Central Dermatovenereological Research Institute]. PMID- 7036570 TI - [Specific serological reactions and factors in the natural resistance of the body in latent syphilis]. PMID- 7036571 TI - [Venereal disease morbidity and control measures abroad]. PMID- 7036572 TI - [Casting properties of various dental alloys as a function of the temperature of the casting mold]. PMID- 7036573 TI - [Department of Dentistry, yesterday, today, tomorrow]. PMID- 7036574 TI - An essay on research into the causation and prevention of spina bifida. AB - The curly-tail mouse is an animal model for human neural tube defects (NTD). Around 60% have either overt lesions of the neural tube or a curly tail. They were used to examine the gene/environment interaction which is implicated in the aetiology of human NTD. Both a fetal and a maternal genotype contribution to the cause, together with a triggering effect of an environmental component, could be demonstrated in the mice. The environmental limb of the cause appears to be relatively specific. Under certain conditions, administration of an environmental agent to the pregnant curly-tail mouse markedly reduced the incidence of NTD in her offspring. Primary prevention of NTD was thus shown to be possible. The apparent primary prevention of NTD in humans is also described. A multicentre collaborative project which supplemented women "at risk" for NTD with a standard multivitamin tablet with folic acid before they conceived again and in the early stages of pregnancy was associated with a recurrence of only 0.5% compared with 4.3% in unsupplemented controls at a comparable risk. The difference is statistically significant (p = less than 0.01). PMID- 7036575 TI - Computed tomography in the evaluation and management of patients with spina bifida. AB - Computed tomography (CT) has fundamentally altered our approach to the initial evaluation and follow-up of patients with spina bifida. This safe and simple, non invasive diagnostic technique has doubtlessly encouraged earlier diagnosis of clinically significant problems associated with spina bifida and has greatly facilitated the day-to-day management of those patients with documented disorders. CT is now effectively employed as a screening measure for both intraspinal and intracranial problems and can be relied upon to objectively guide and monitor elected modes of therapy. PMID- 7036576 TI - The effects of selective surgery on the self-concept and attainments of children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus. AB - Self-Concept and attainment were examined in spina bifida children born before and after the introduction of selective surgery. It was expected that children born since the introduction of selection would be better adjusted and have a higher level of attainment. The results confirm that there are substantial differences between the two groups, with subjects born since the introduction of selective surgery functioning at a higher level. PMID- 7036577 TI - The integration (mainstreaming) of spina bifida children into ordinary schools. AB - In 1976, an aggressive policy of integrating spina bifida children into ordinary schools was mounted in Sheffield. Analysis of the school placement pattern of 1235 patients, aged 2-29 years, showed an increase from 25% to 64% integrated for children born in 1968 and 1976, respectively. However, about a half of this 39% increase was attributable to selective non-treatment. The major deterrents to integration were found to be low intelligence and wheelchair dependency. Only 4% of children with IQs below 70 were in ordinary schools. 91% of children with IQs below 45 were in mentally handicapped schools. 88% of children with IQs between 46 and 70 were in physically handicapped schools. 18% of children with wheelchairs only were integrated, and this reduced to 8% if they also had valves and were incontinent. On the other hand, neither incontinence nor valve dependency on their own were major problems with respect to ordinary schooling. PMID- 7036578 TI - Educational attainments of spina bifida children attending ordinary or special schools. AB - Children with spina bifida who attend special schools are usually found to be retarded in their school attainment compared with those who attend ordinary schools. This finding has, however, often been confounded by the fact that the special school children tend to have lower IQs. In this study two groups of children were identified from those in the Greater London Council (GLC) Spina Bifida Survey, one attending ordinary and the other special schools. There were 11 pairs of boys and 11 of girls, each pair being closely matched for IQ. Examination of their scores on attainment tests showed that while results of reading tests did not differ significantly between the two types of schools, children of both sexes at special schools were behind their ordinary school counterparts in number work. These results were supported by similar findings, using analysis of co-variance, on the larger group of children in the GLC survey. The effect of other factors such as physical handicap, presence of a valve, and time spent in hospital, were explored, and possible explanations for the findings are discussed. PMID- 7036579 TI - Spina bifida and cerebral palsy. AB - A new test of posture and mobility has been applied to a small group of spina bifida children with different lower limb motor levels, and to a further group of children with both spina bifida and associated cerebral palsy of the hemiplegic type. It is demonstrated that this test of posture and mobility is applicable to spina bifida children and that gross motor handicap is therefore quantifiable. The posture and mobility scores of children with spina bifida or cerebral palsy is significantly less than those of normal children and the scores for children with both spina bifida as well as cerebral palsy is significantly lower than having either alone. PMID- 7036580 TI - Congenital vertebral anomalies and the possible aetiological relationship with spina bifida. AB - The frequency and distribution of hemivertebrae, fused vertebral bodies, fused vertebral arches and fused ribs were recorded in 376 children and young adults with either spina bifida cystica or occulta, or solitary vertebral body anomalies, or multiple vertebral body anomalies. An attempt was made to find evidence to support the hypotheses that multiple vertebral anomalies and anencephaly-spina bifida are aetiologically related, and that solitary vertebral body anomalies are sporadic and developmentally distinct. Statistical analysis of the distribution of the vertebral and rib defects partly supported these hypotheses. PMID- 7036581 TI - Aggressive surgical treatment of secondary spinal deformity in spina bifida children--is it worthwhile? AB - The results of sixty-five surgical corrections of secondary spinal deformities in spina bifida children are reported. Twenty-three patients had kyphectomies, and thirty-nine patients had anterior and posterior spinal fusions for scoliosis. There were three deaths. Patients in both groups showed functional improvement, though the effects on respiratory function were minimal. Patients with scoliosis should have their surgery before the curve reaches 100 degrees. Correction in these patients may have to be carried out very early if there is rapid curve progression. Kyphectomy ideally should be carried out between the ages of ten and fourteen years when bone size and quality are suitable for fixation. PMID- 7036582 TI - Family reactions to surgical correction for kyphoscoliosis in spina bifida children: a preliminary report. AB - The families of 11 children who had been operated for the correction of kyphosis and scoliosis not less than 12 months previously were visited. The anxieties and expectations of patients and parents were investigated and the results compared with a similar investigation in the schools of the children. PMID- 7036583 TI - The energy expenditure of spina bifida children during walking and wheelchair ambulation. AB - Energy expenditure was measured during walking and wheelchair ambulation among a group of 22 spina bifida children. Walking energy expenditure was generally higher than during wheelchair ambulation and significantly higher again than that expected for normals matched for weight. The energy expended during both types of locomotion related to the weight of the subjects and not the site of lesion. Physical apathy, excessive weight and increased energy expenditure tended to be connected. Data are presented which will be of use in assessing the physical effort involved in the two types of locomotion, and in calculating dietary energy requirements. PMID- 7036584 TI - [A method for automated microscopic image analysis in histological slides (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036585 TI - [Histomorphological findings in the pancreas in diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. AB - There are some morphological signs for the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. The macroscopical findings of the skull (yellow staining, hyperostosis frontalis), of the liver (steatosis), of the pancreas (pancreatitis, atrophy) and the consistency of the brain as well as some histological changes of the pancreas may be important for the diagnosis. Our investigations of specimens form the pancreas of 100 diabetics and 50 nondiabetics allow the conclusion that amyloidosis and increased number of mast cells in the islets of Langerhans and an interstitial fibrosis of the pancreas can be used in the practice as signs for diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7036586 TI - [Our surgical heritage. In memory of Erwin Payr (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036587 TI - Escherichia coli O:K:H: serotypes in urinary tract infection. AB - Of 70 E. coli isolates from urinary tract infection 44 isolates were groupable with the 164 O antisera. The most predominant O groups were O21, O6, O2, O8, and O15. Twenty four of the isolates had K antigens of which K3 occurring in E. coli O21 was most common. Sixty five of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, septrin and oxytetracycline or a combination thereof. It is suggested that ampicillin, chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline should be used judiciously and on the advice of a medical practitioner to reduce the incidence of drug resistance and R-factor. PMID- 7036588 TI - An outbreak (?) caused by Escherichia coli O126:K71:H5 in premature infants. AB - The strain E. coli O126:K71:H5 was recovered during a 6 week period, from stool samples of 13 premature infants hospitalized in the Premature Infants Nursery Unit. Of a total of 147 tested stool samples, 69 were positive. This strain was also recovered for a long period from the respiratory tract of one of the infants. The strain had a low virulence for the infants. No clear relationship could be demonstrated between clinical status and recovery of the strain. The strain did not possess any of the well defined pathogenic mechanisms, namely enterotoxins LT and ST, and invasiveness. The production of a thermolabile substance toxic for Vero cells was demonstrated. The strain possessed both guinea pig mannose-sensitive and human mannose resistant hemagglutinins. In spite of the production of thermolabile toxic substance for Vero cells and in spite of its contagiousness and intestinal tract colonization capacity, the strain displayed the characteristics of an opportunistic pathogen rather than classic EPEC. PMID- 7036589 TI - [High-immunogenic mutants of Salmonella with two independently of each other attenuating markers as potential vaccines from bacteria capable of multiplication. III. Communication: spontaneous chromosomal resistance against noxes as a possibility for isolation of clones with decreased virulence (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036590 TI - Towards serodiagnosis of Serratia marcescens infections: examination of sera from noninfected patients and from experimentally infected rabbits for anti-H and anti O antibodies; S. marcescens O-antigen cross-reactions with those of other enterobacteriaceae. AB - Sera from 100 patients not infected with Serratia marcescens at the time of hospital admission lacked detectable H-immobilizing antibodies against all 20 currently recognized H-antigens of this microorganism. However, various patient sera revealed elevated titers of O-agglutinins against several of the 20 O antigens of S. marcescens, in a particular O-antigens, O1, O3, O4, O5, O7, O8, O10, O11, O16, O17, O18, O19, and O20. Rabbit anti-Shigella serogroup B immune serum cross-reacted with S. marcescens O-antigens O1 and O10; anti-Shigella serogroup C serum cross-reacted weakly with S. marcescens O-antigen O8. Conversely, rabbit anti-S. marcescens O1 and O10 immune sera cross-reacted with a clinical isolate of Shigella flexneri. None of the anti-S. marcescens O1-O20 rabbit immune sera reacted with commercial febrile antigens of Salmonella serogroups A, B, C1,2, D, E1,2,3,4, Brucella abortus, Francisella tularensis, and Proteus OX19. However, a reference strain of Salmonella typhi (9;d,-) was agglutinated by anti S. marcescens anti-O8 and O10 sera, a reference strain of S. paratyphi B (4,5;-,-) weakly by anti-S. marcescens O8 serum, and a reference strain of S. paratyphi C (6,8;-,-) by anti-S. marcescens anti-O10 and O16 rabbit immune sera. None of the anti-S. marcescens H-antisera cross-reacted with H antigens of S. typhi (o;d,-), S. paratyphi A (1,2;a,-), S. paratyphi B (4,5;b,0), S. choleraesuis (6,7;-,1,5), typhimurium (4,5;,i,-), and S. enteritidis (9;gm,-). Yersinia enterocolitica reference strain Ye 75 (OI = O3) eas agglutinated weakly by anti-S. marcescens O2 serum, whereas Y. enterocolitica reference strain Ye 373 (OV = O9) cross-reacted with S. marcescens anti-O5 rabbit immune serum. Intravenously and tissue cage-infected rabbits developed anti-H and anti-O antibodies within 5 to 12 days after infection with representative test strains of S. marcescens. Therefore, it is suggested that the serodiagnosis of human S. marcescens infections consist of serial monitoring of both anti-H and anti-O agglutinins, because determinations of the latter alone might yield false positive, i.e., potentially misleading results. PMID- 7036591 TI - [An oral enteritis-vaccine composed of twelve heat-inactivated Enterobacteriaceae 3. Communication: studies on efficacy tests in mice protection tests (author's transl)]. AB - The polyvalent vaccine consists of twelve heat-inactivated species of Enterobacteriaceae (six strains of Salmonellae, two strains of Shigellae, four strains of Dyspepsia coli). The above vaccine is administered orally (6) to man for prophylactic purposes against local infections. The present communication describes the efficacy results of the vaccine obtained for different parameters by the mouse protection test. For this purpose, seven different infection models were used: oral infection with a strain of S. typhimurium and a strain of S. enteritidis, respectively, and intraperitoneal infection with the following five strains: S.l typhimurium, S. panama, S. enteritidis, Sh. flexneri 2a, or E. coli 2380. For 10 days the mice were daily immunized with the twelve-fold vaccine orally administered by means of a probang. On the 10th day after the last orally applied antigen, the animals were challenged with the seven strains mentioned above. The success of vaccination was determined by the difference of mortality between vaccinated and non-vaccinated mice. The results show (Table 1) following the vaccination that a significant effect could be observed and statistically be evaluated for 6 models of infection. Optimal values showing the highest consistency rate were found for the model of intraperitoneal infection with the strain of E. coli 2380. Which is why, studies were made for the following parameters by using the latter mode of infection. The efficacy of the oral immunization depends on the dosage of the vaccine (Table 2). Even at a dilution of 1 : 1000, the effect of the vaccine was still sufficient. Only a dilution of 1 : 10 000 made the vaccination almost ineffective. - The content of humidity of the lyophilized vaccine in a range of 4% to 12% did not influence the immunogenicity (Table 3). - The protection obtained by vaccination was found to last unexpectedly long. The vaccinated mice were still well protected even one year after the oral vaccination (Table 4), which means - when referred to the life-span of mice - that protection is effected for almost a life-time. The lyophilized vaccine does not even loose its immunogenicity after storage at 22 degrees C and 40 degrees C over a period of 3 years (Table 5). These polyvalent lyophilized vaccine are, therefore, storable even under tropical conditions without cooling. This is a further great advantage of this vaccine. PMID- 7036592 TI - [Prerequisites for enhancement of the efficacy of fosfomycin by glucose-6 phosphate in treatment of experimentally infected animals (author's transl)]. AB - In chemotherapy of otherwise fatally infected mice (intraperitoneally) the effective dose50 (ED50) of fosfomycin (2 single doses, subcutaneous application 1 and 6 h post infect.) was decreased significantly by supplementing the antibiotic solution with 100 mg glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) per kg animal and per injection if also the MIC of the infecting strain (Klebsiella oxytoca and K. aerogenes II) was lowered by addition of G-6-P (25 mg/l) to the nutrient medium (Table 1 and 2). With strains not exhibiting any influence on the MIC no such effect was observed (Table 1). From this it is concluded that the enhancement of antimicrobial activity of fosfomycin in vivo is based on the same mechanism as in vitro. This mechanism is the initiation of a second route of transportation into the bacterial cell (7), the hexose-6-phosphate transport system that apparently is inducible not only in vitro but also in vivo. Blood levels of G-6-P sufficient or above to induce this system in vitro (5 mg/l) were being held with doses of 100 mg/kg body weight in dogs during 70 to 120 min (Fig. 3) and 45 to 70 min (Fig. 4) when applied subcutaneously or intravenously respectively. These periods of contact area adequate to induce a considerable decrease of the MIC. With the strain used (K. oxytoca) the MIC of 128 mg/l was lowered by contact with G-6-P during 60 or 120 min to 16 or 8 mg/l respectively (Fig. 5). For full induction of the hexose-6-phosphate system resulting in a MIC of 2 mg/l however, 8 h were necessary. From the above findings it is concluded that clinical studies are necessary. As G-6-P is a (short-lived) physiological product of cell metabolism and nontoxic such studies are justifiable in cases where therapeutic use of fosfomycin can be regarded as an indication. PMID- 7036593 TI - Infant botulism type B in central Europe. AB - A case of moderately severe botulism was diagnosed in a 4 weeks old white female. Clostridium botulinum toxin was identified repeatedly in the infant's faeces by means of the mouse protection assay. Clostridium botulinum was isolated in pure culture from faecal material. Both the organism and the toxin were type B. The onset of illness was characterized by mild constipation, apathy, weak sucking and difficulty with swallowing. Incipient, probably aspiration, pneumonia was diagnosed at the same time. Further signs of botulism developed during hospitalization, viz. loss of head control, pooled oral secretion, weak cry, mild ptosis, reduced facial expression, generalized muscular weakness and reduced spontaneous activity. A nasogastric feeding tube was needed because the ability to suck and swallow was impaired. Immediately on admission of the infant to hospital emergency treatment was started with ampicillin, which was followed by penicillin injections. The infant recovered in 60 days. Subsequent medical examinations demonstrated that the recovery was complete and the development normal. The case represents the first instance of infant botulism detected on the European Continent. PMID- 7036594 TI - Seroepidemiological studies with Campylobacter fetus. AB - 324 sera from unselected male and 581 sera from female patients as well as 268 sera from prostitutes were studied for antibodies against Campylobacter fetus using the complement fixation test. Antigen was Campylobacter fetus subspecies intestinalis. 3.9% of the sera showed low but relevant antibody titers. Statistically significant differences don't exist between the three population investigated. Serological cross reactions could not be observed using Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli O119 and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antigenic relationship however was observed with the subspecies jejuni and fetus. PMID- 7036595 TI - Purification and characterization of erythrogenic toxins. IV. Communication: mitogenic activity of erythrogenic toxin produced by Streptococcus pyogenes strain NY-5. AB - Some in vitro reactions involved in the mitogenic activity of a purified erythrogenic toxin from the group A streptococcus strain NY-5 (ET NY-5) were studied. The optimal dose in the human blood lymphocyte transformation test was 1 to 10(-1) microgram/ml lymphocyte culture, the maximum of 3H-thymidine incorporation was on day 3 or 4. The mitogenic activity showed the signs of nonspecificity, nevertheless, a specific mitogenic effect could not be ruled out either. When Con A and ET NY-5 were added simultaneously in high or low doses at the beginning of lymphocyte cultivation, antagonism or an additive effect was observed, respectively. Incubation of lymphocytes with ET NY-5 resulted in a decrease of mitogenic activity in the supernatants. Erythrocytes had no similar binding activity. ET NY-5 acts as a T-cell mitogen; 98% of ET NY-5-stimulated lymphoblasts formed E rosettes with sheep red blood cells. Thin-layer isoelectric focusing experiments revealed two mitogenic peaks corresponding to toxin types A and C in the ET preparation. PMID- 7036596 TI - [Typing of E. coli rough strains with phages (author's transl)]. AB - Two phage-sets were used for the typing of 408 E. coli rough strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections, Using the 13 phages A to M (11), we were able to type 225 (55.1 per cent) strains. 143 (35 per cent) of these strains were found to have K antigen, 84 different phage patterns could be recognized. Phage patterns GHK, M, F, and AM were the most common ones found. The application of the typical rough phages Br10, C21, 6SR, FP1, T4, and the Felix O (FO) phage led to the successful typing of 143 (35 per cent) strains, 80 of which (19.6 per cent) had a K antigen. About 70 per cent of the strains typable were found to belong to phage patterns which were represented by single phages, 24 different R phage patterns were observed. Considering both phage-sets the total typability amounted to 67 per cent. It is concluded that phage typing may be useful for the typing of E. coli rough strains in urinary tract infections in order to distinguish between relapse and reinfection. PMID- 7036597 TI - Evaluation of a test-kit (Oxi/Ferm system) for identification of vibrios. AB - A total of 258 strains belonging to different species of Vibrio isolated from various sources in different parts of the world were subjected to identification by Oxi/Ferm tube and conventional tests sometimes extending to 250 characters when the conventional tests failed to recognise them. Nearly 88 per cent of them could be identified accurately in this system at the species level. The strains designated as mannitol negative vibrios and Vibrio species were also identified properly as V. cholerae. However, the system recognised V. fluvialis (Group F vibrios) as Aeromonas hydrophila and some strains of L vibrios and V. parahaemolyticus as V. cholerae. Those strains that could be identified properly corresponded to one or more ID values of the kit. A few additional supplemental tests based on stable characters are recommended for inclusion to those ID values to identify all the vibrios accurately and in case of V. cholerae up to biotype level. Some of these tests are already included in the supplementary list of the system, the only change required is to put them against respective ID values. Reactions within the system were reproducible. This study establishes the utility of the convenient Oxxi/Ferm system for rapid and easy identification of the different members of the family Vibrionaceae including the newly recognised ones with few additional tests. PMID- 7036598 TI - [Water and aquatic organisms as the host of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis]. PMID- 7036599 TI - [Phage-typing of strains of Salmonella typhimurium isolated in the course of different epidemic circumstances using 2 typing procedures]. PMID- 7036600 TI - [Immunologic indices following intranasal and aerosol sensitization to Candida albicans antigen]. PMID- 7036601 TI - [Use of live Flexner 2a 516M dysentery vaccine for the immunotherapy of acute and chronic dysentery]. AB - Live dysentery vaccine prepared from Sh. flexneri 2a 516 M, a spontaneous mutant, was used for the treatment of 153 patients with acute and chronic dysentery. A single oral administration in a dose of 25 X 10(9) live microbial cells and 2 oral administrations in doses of 25 X 10(9) and 50 X 10(9) live microbial cells did not induce the clinical aggravation of the disease, greatly reduced the time of the reparation of the intestinal mucosa and reduced the frequency and duration of excretion of the infective agent by patients with acute and chronic dysentery, as well as considerably enhanced the levels of IgG, IgM and particularly IgA in the blood and saliva of the vaccinees in comparison with the controls. These data indicate that live dysentery vaccine, when used for the immunotherapy of dysentery, possesses high immunological and antibacterial effectiveness. PMID- 7036602 TI - [Comparative study of the immunogenicity of Shigella sonnei differing in enzyme activity and colicinogenicity]. AB - The possibility of reproducing specific postinfectious antishigella immunity on the pulmonary model (by the intranasal infection of white mice) is shown. This method revealed that 2 compared Sh. sonnei strains, typical representatives of enzymatic types II and III with colicinogenic labels S5 and IE2 respectively, had unequal immunogenicity. Strain II S5 belonging to the most virulent type of Sh. sonnei possessed noticeably greater immunogenicity. Strain III IE2 with lesser immunogenicity was the representative of a less virulent variety of these bacteria. The results thus obtained were in complete accord with the data contained in the literature on the direct relation between the degree of virulence possessed by Sh. sonnei and their immunogenicity, as well as on the significance of the immunological factor in the epidemiology of Sh. sonnei dysentery. PMID- 7036603 TI - [Intraspecies serological classification of Streptococcus pneumoniae]. PMID- 7036604 TI - [On the centenary of the discovery of the pneumococcus]. PMID- 7036605 TI - [Protective activity of antigenic preparations isolated by different methods from Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3]. AB - The specific protective activity of antigenic preparations isolated from Str. pneumoniae culture by sedimentation with 96% ethanol or acetone was demonstrated in experiments with the active immunization of mice and their subsequent challenge with a virulent culture. The protective activity of antigenic preparations, expressed in micrograms, was shown to be directly related to the protein content of these preparations and inversely related to their carbohydrate content. The deproteinization of antigenic complexes isolated from Str. pneumoniae grown both in solid and in liquid culture media was accompanied by an increase in their immunogenicity. PMID- 7036607 TI - [Microbiological methods of diagnosing pneumococcal infection in acute and chronic inflammatory lung disease]. AB - The simultaneous microbiological study of sputum and bronchial washings from 440 patients with acute and chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases has revealed that pneumococci can be isolated most frequently from both these materials or sputum alone. The isolation of pneumococci by the inoculation of the pathological materials or sputum alone. The isolation of pneumococci by the inoculation of the pathological material into solid culture media is practically as effective as the inoculation of white mice with this material, but the former method accelerates the isolation of Str. pneumoniae and allows one to determine the content of these organisms in the initial material. The appearance and the size of pneumococcal colonies depend on the composition of the culture medium, the biological properties and the amount of Str. pneumoniae and other microorganisms in the material under study. The identification of the S-forms of pneumococci is based on their cultural and morphological properties and carried out by one test or by a complex of tests. 4 criteria allowing to determine the etiological importance of pneumococci isolated from patients are proposed. PMID- 7036606 TI - [Indirect immunofluorescence reaction study of systemic and local humoral immunity in patients with chronic inflammatory lung disease. I. Serological study results with Streptococcus pneumoniae autostrains]. AB - In the serological study of chronic bronchitis at the stage of exacerbation, carried out by means of the indirect immunofluorescence test with the use of Str. pneumoniae autostrains, 90.3 +/- 4% of the patients showed correlation between the presence of pneumococci in the bronchial contents and the systemic immunological reaction to this infective agent. At the acute stage of chronic bronchitis high antibody titers (1 : 1280 - 1 : 5120) prevailed, and the repeated study revealed the 4-fold and greater growth of the initial antibody titers in 35.7 +/- 6.4% of the patients. Antipneumococcal immunity in chronic bronchitis was found to have a pronounced type-specific character. PMID- 7036608 TI - [Preparation of pneumococcal diagnostic sera]. PMID- 7036609 TI - [Comparative study of mono- and mixed Mycoplasma-pneumococcus infection in hamsters]. PMID- 7036610 TI - [Isolation and characteristics of Shigella sonnei donor strains]. AB - The possibility of obtaining Sh. sonnei donor strains in phases I and II by two methods is shown: by the transfer of the distal market lac+ from E. coli K12, Hfr strain P4X, or by using F'ts lac+ episome. Of 5 Sh. sonnei donor strains in phase I, obtained by hybridization with E. coli K12, Hfr-strain P4X, 3 strains retained their virulence, in contrast to Sh. flexneri donor strains in the S-form, previously obtained by similar hybrizations. Of 8 Sh. sonnei donor strains in phase I, obtained by hybrididization with E. coli K12 KS 881, 6 strains were virulent. Sh. sonnei donor strains in phases I and II obtained in these experiments lost their fertility after being kept on the Dorset egg medium at 4 degrees C for 1.5--2 months. PMID- 7036611 TI - [Biological properties and spread of Streptococcus pneumoniae]. PMID- 7036612 TI - Control mechanisms of energy-dependent metabolic pathways in hepatocytes. AB - The control of respiration was studied in isolated rat-liver cells and isolated rat-liver mitochondria. When isolated rat-liver cells are perfused with different concentrations of lactate at a constant lactate/pyruvate ratio, the rate of mitochondrial respiration is a linear function of the affinity for the respiratory chain; the affinity term contains the intramitochondrial redox state and the extramitochondrial phosphate potential. However, when the cells are perfused with ammonia in addition to lactate (+ pyruvate), the stimulation of the oxygen uptake is not accompanied by an increase in the affinity. In order to obtain further insight into the relationship between oxygen uptake and intramitochondrial and extramitochondrial phosphate potential, experiments were also carried out with isolate rat-liver mitochondria incubated with an extramitochondrial ATP-utilizing system (glucose plus hexokinase) or an intramitochondrial ATP-utilizing system (citrulline synthesis). The results suggest that the rate of oxygen consumption is controlled by the intramitochondrial phosphate potential. PMID- 7036613 TI - The differential diagnosis between biliary and alcoholic pancreatitis. AB - The presenting clinical details of 53 patients admitted with proven primary acute pancreatitis due to gall stones were compared with those of 31 patients in whom the disease was due to other causes. Ten statistically significant differences existed between the two groups (p less than 0.05). A computer data base for each group of patients was prepared by listing the relative frequency of symptoms and signs. A computer program was written to predict the likelihood of gall stones in patients suffering from acute pancreatitis and prediction was correct in 92% of patients. A predictive index devised from the presence of three of the significantly differing clinical features correctly identified gall stones in 82%. Subsequent computer analysis of the presenting clinical symptoms and signs on admission every patient with acute pancreatitis has confirmed the accuracy of this technique and has resulted in alteration in the management whereby cholecystectomy for biliary pancreatitis is performed at an early stage of the illness. PMID- 7036614 TI - The effect of salt restriction and furosemide in patients investigated for renovascular hypertension. AB - The effect of five days' regimen with a low-sodium diet (approximately 20 mmol Na+ per day) and with 40 mg of furosemide (Lasix) daily on the blood pressure, the renin-aldosterone system and the electrolyte balance was studied in 42 hypertensive patients who received no antihypertensive drugs for four weeks prior to the investigation. Twenty-three of the patients had renal artery stenosis. Both patients with and those without such stenosis showed a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and in the serum concentrations of sodium and potassium and urinary excretion of sodium. A concomitant increase in plasma renin activity in peripheral veins and in urinary excretion of aldosterone was found both in patients without and in those with renal artery stenosis, but in the latter group this response seemed to be less pronounced. PMID- 7036615 TI - Septic wound complications after whole bowel irrigation before colorectal operations. AB - Ninety-three patients for whom a colorectal operation was planned had their bowel prepared mechanically by orthograde irrigation. The tube was sited in the duodenum via the pylorus under X-ray and TV control. The procedure was discontinued in 2 patients (2%), 15 patients (16%) experienced nausea and vomiting, while 76 patients (82%) experienced no discomfort. The mean duration of the irrigation was 216 min (90-476 min) and the mean volume of fluid used 10.21 (5.0 -15.0 1). There were no significant differences between pre-irrigation and post-irrigation blood chemistry. Twenty-three patients developed postoperative abdominal wound sepsis (26.7%), 4 (4.7%) had an intraabdominal abscess; 9 out of 12 patients (75%) had perineal wound sepsis. Escherichia coli and Bacteroides were the dominant species cultured from colorectal mucosa during operation as well as from infected abdominal and perineal wounds. Although the irrigation technique seems to clean the bowel to a degree not previously seen, this in itself is no guarantee of avoiding post-operative wound sepsis after colorectal operations. PMID- 7036616 TI - The management of hypertensive emergencies. PMID- 7036617 TI - Captopril in the treatment of moderate to severe hypertension. A long-term study. PMID- 7036618 TI - Cryptococcal meningitis: a case report and review of diagnostic procedures and therapy. PMID- 7036619 TI - Glycerophosphate acetyltransferase activity in perfused liver of normal and hyperlipemic rats: glucagon effect. AB - Mitochondrial glycerophosphate-acetyltransferase activity (GPAT) was determined in the isolated and perfused liver of diet-induced hyperlipemic rats, and was found to be significantly increased compared to normal rats, A positive correlation existed between hepatic triglyceride output and GPAT. Perfusion of 10(-5) M glucagon induced a significant reduction in GPAT levels. It is suggested that the lipid-lowering action of glucagon may be mediated also through an inhibition of GPAT activity. PMID- 7036620 TI - Studies on 125I-insulin metabolism by isolated rat liver nuclei. PMID- 7036621 TI - The effect of the acute administration of tolbutamide on left ventricular function in insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - Despite better control of diabetic patients with morbidity and mortality from heart disease is significantly higher than in non-diabetics. While this may be a result of premature atherosclerosis or primary diabetic cardiopathy, the possibility of oral hypoglycemic agents have adverse cardiac effects must be considered. Using nuclear angiography the effect of the acute administration of 1 g tolbutamide on left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) in a group of 10 Type-1 diabetics was investigated. There was no difference in the response of the EF when compared to the response in 10 diabetic controls given i.v. saline. While i.v. tolbutamide may have adverse cardiac effects when administered to animals or in vitro this does not necessarily apply to human diabetics. PMID- 7036622 TI - Effects of insulin on wound healing in diabetic mice. AB - In the present study wound healing was examined in normal C57B1/6 male mice, diabetic mice, non-treated; and in diabetic mice treated with insulin. Small dermal wounds were made in the ears of the mice 40 h after the initial injection of insulin or vehicle alone. All animals were biopsied 8 h later. The wounds were examined by light and electron microscopy and wound components (capillaries, fibroblasts, PMN's oedema, collagen) were quantitated by lineal point analysis. The non-treated, diabetic mice demonstrated in inability to heal wounds when compared to controls; whereas, diabetic mice given a multidose insulin regimen demonstrated a response similar to controls. Insulin treatment of diabetic mice reduced the mean level of hyperglycaemia when compared to the non-treated diabetic mice. There was no detectable difference in the healing response with duration of diabetes in either the insulin-treated or non-treated diabetic mice. Although there was a mild reduction in hyperglycaemia, these data support the hypotheses that insulin is a necessary component of an adequate wound healing response. PMID- 7036623 TI - Ontogeny of gastric inhibitory peptide in the human gastro-intestinal tract and endocrine pancreas. PMID- 7036624 TI - Pattern of prolactin secretion and pituitary responsiveness to LRH in pseudopregnant rats maintained in constant light. PMID- 7036625 TI - Long-term and short-term effects of calcium, verapamil and diazoxide on biosynthesis and release of (pro-) insulin in isolated islets of rat pancreas. PMID- 7036626 TI - Growth hormone secretion in pubertal and adult subjects. AB - GH responsiveness to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and its circadian secretion were studied in a group of subjects in different pubertal stages. The GH peak after insulin was minimal in stage 1 boys (7.6 +/- 1.3 (SEM) ng/ml) and increased progressively, in parallel with pubertal maturation, reaching a maximum in the adult state (20 +/- 4.0 ng/ml); the basal value was superimposable in all groups studied. The circadian secretion showed a sleep-related surge which was almost identical in the different stages; however in pubertal stage 1 boys multiple secretory peaks were observed, mainly during waking hours. A statistically significant difference (P less than 0.05) was observed in the mean concentration recorded during the day with a maximum in stage 1 boys (2.7 +/- 0.2 ng/ml) and a gradual decrease to a minimum in adults (1.2 +/- 0.3 ng/ml). This pattern seems to suggest that pulsatile rhythm is present in boys, similar to that observed for gonadotrophins. PMID- 7036627 TI - Short-term kinetics of LRH-induced LH-release in the long-term ovariectomized rat. PMID- 7036628 TI - Kinetics of LRH-induced LH-release in vivo: influence of LRH pre-treatment. PMID- 7036629 TI - Long-lasting desensitizing effect of short-term LRH exposure on the pituitary responsiveness to LRH in the ovariectomized rat. PMID- 7036630 TI - Release of LH in vitro from anterior pituitary glands of ovariectomized rats by LRH or elevated potassium concentration after pre-treatment with oestradiol benzoate in vivo. AB - Pituitary glands from ovariectomized rats which had been pre-treated with oestradiol benzoate (OeB) or solvent oil were incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer with glucose containing either LRH (1000 ng/ml) or a high K+ concentration (50 mM). OeB (7 micrograms sc) or oil was injected at 2.5 or 6.5 h before the beginning of the incubation experiment or during the three preceding days (three daily injections). Depending upon the period during which the pituitary glands had been exposed to OeB LH release induced by LRH was inhibited (negative effect of OeB) or augmented (positive effect). When the glands were incubated in medium containing high K+, only the negative effect of OeB pre treatment was seen. It is concluded that that part of LRH-induced LH release which is mimicked by high K+ is involved in the negative effect of OeB, but not in its positive effect. PMID- 7036631 TI - Susceptibility to proteolysis of thyroglobulin from rats and guinea-pigs treated with excess iodide. AB - The effect of excess iodide on proteolysis of in vivo 125I-labelled thyroglobulin (Tg) from rats and guinea-pigs was investigated in vitro using preparations of thyroid lysosomes and exogenous proteases (Pronase). Lysosomes were obtained by centrifugation of pig thyroid homogenates. This lysosomal preparation induced maximal proteolysis of Tg at pH 3.6 to 4.6 and was stimulated by KCl. Treatment of rats with excess iodide for up to 28 days had no effect on the proteolysis of Tg by lysosomes or Pronase. Decreased resistance of Tg to proteolysis by lysosomes and pronase was observed in guinea-pigs treated with excess iodide for 3 days, whereas Tg from guinea-pigs treated for longer time periods had increased resistance to proteolysis. This difference in the susceptibility to proteolysis of Tg provides an explanation why long-term administration of excess iodide is goitrogenic in guinea-pigs but not in rats. PMID- 7036632 TI - Circulating immune complexes in diabetics with severe microangiopathy: evaluation by two different methods. AB - An investigation on circulating immune complexes (AgAb) was carried out in 80 diabetics with severe microangiopathy and in 71 diabetics without microvascular lesions. The duration of the disease, the type of diabetes, the type of treatment and the main localization of microangiopathy (retinopathy and nephropathy) were taken into account. AgAb were detected by two different methods: the solid phase Clq binding test (ClqSP) and the conglutinin binding test (KgBt). AgAb detected by ClqSP were increased both in prevalence and quantities in diabetics with severe microangiopathy regardless of the duration of the disease and the type of diabetes. Long standing diabetics without microangiopathy had similar prevalence of AgAb as normal controls. The presence of AGAb was not in correlation with the type of treatment and was similar in diabetics with retinopathy and in those with nephropathy. When AgAb were detected by KgBt, they were found with higher prevalence in diabetics than in normal controls but no correlation with microangiopathy was observed. AgAb, detected by KgBt, were higher in long standing type I diabetics. Since the two methods detect different AgAb it is concluded that AgAb present in diabetics seem to be heterogenous and part of them are related to the presence of microangiopathy. PMID- 7036634 TI - Blood cells and the spleen. PMID- 7036633 TI - Effect of insulin and epinephrine on some early oestrogenic responses in the rat uterus. AB - Oestradiol induces uterine eosinophilia and oedema, both in the intact immature rat and in the adult ovariectomized rat. These responses are decreased in ovariectomized-adrenalectomized adult rats, in adrenalectomized immature rats and in medullectomized immature rats. Pre-treatment with L-epinephrine restored both oestrogenic effects. Insulin inhibits oestrogen binding by uterine eosinophils and concurrently decreases oestrogen-induced uterine oedema and eosinophilia. These phenomena do not occur with inactive insulin. Insulin also induces blood eosinopaenia, suggesting an explanation for the findings in the uterus. PMID- 7036635 TI - [Identification of TdT positive cells by indirect immunofluorescence technique and its application for the diagnosis of hematological disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036636 TI - [Purification and characterization of fibrin-binding urokinase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036637 TI - [Clinical significance of identification of TdT-positive cells by indirect immunofluorescence assay in bone marrow cells from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036638 TI - [The pathophysiology of malignant lymphoma from the hematological point of view. (1) The leukemic transformation of malignant lymphoma, especially traditional "reticulum cell sarcoma" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036639 TI - [Clinico-pharmacological observations of batroxobin (Defibrase) administered to normal human adults (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036641 TI - [Capacity of work and employment after kidney transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - Employment and capacity of work were assessed in 69 kidney transplant recipients 6 to 144 months after transplantation. The results were correlated with patients age, transplant function and extrarenal complications, respectively. Fifty-one patients were fit for work. In this group 36 patients were fully employed, seven partially employed, one patient out of work and seven received unemployment benefit. Sixteen patients were partially or totally disabled. The age of the patients fit for work was 24 to 35 years and all patients receiving unemployment pay were older than 40 years. Employed transplant recipients formed the group with the best kidney function parameters, patients fit for work but unemployed showed only a slightly reduced transplant function. The results indicate that transplant function is the main precondition for capacity of work and employment. But the resumption of work also depends on the patients age and on the possibility to choose between employment and unemployment benefit. PMID- 7036642 TI - [Contribution to the study of the vascularization of the fascia lata tensor muscle]. AB - The tensor fascia lata is a short flat muscle arising from the anterior superior iliac spine and inserting into the fascia lata at mid thigh. It is supplied by three arterial pedicles of unequal importance, branching from the external iliac, gluteal and deep femoral arteries. The 'dominant' blood supply is carried by the lateral circumflex femoral artery which comes from the deep femoral and enters the muscle, approximately 8.8 cm beneath the anterior superior iliac spine. This vessel varies in size from 2 to 3.5 mm; it is 8 cm long but can be lengthened by ligating the branch for the vastus lateralis. On the deep sheath of the iliotibial tract it gives off three branches which supply each third of the fleshy body. The upper branch runs vertically to the iliac insertion of the muscle but not so far as the iliac crest and provides no cutaneous twig. On the contrary, the mid branch runs transversally through the muscle and sends perforating vessels to the skin overlying the fascia lata 6--7 cm below the anterior superior iliac spine. The descending branch runs parallel to the muscular fibers of the muscle and supplies the skin of the lateral lower thigh down to 8 cm above the knee. So the pedicle supports an area of the skin which is double the length (22 cm) and triple the width (9.5 cm) of the fleshy body. The tensor fascia lata including the two layers of the iliotibial tract but excluding its upper insertion, together with the skin of the lateral aspect of the thigh can be safely used as a myocutaneous flap for covering defects of the trochanteric, ischial and sacral areas. PMID- 7036640 TI - [The first 100 kidney transplants undertaken at the University of Innsbruck (author's transl)]. AB - 100 kidney-transplantations had been performed in Innsbruck between January 22, 1974 and August 28, 1980. Following a period of 10 months after the hundredth transplantation, 78% of the patients had survived, and 65% of the grafts were functioning. 165 cases of rejection had taken place during the above mentioned period of observation. 112 cases of bacterial infection, 14 cases of viral infection, and 36 cases of fungal infection had been diagnosed and treated. The rate of surgical complications was extremely low. Further complications included gastrointestinal complaints, hypertensive crises, and thrombosis of the pelvic veins. PMID- 7036643 TI - Presence of specific antigens in neuronal cells infected with fixed and street rabies virus strains. AB - The presence of rabies specific antigens is investigated after infection with different rabies virus strains in neural cell lines and in the central nervous system of laboratory rodents. In fixed rabies infected cells, the rabies glycoprotein is found to be present 48 h after infection, whereas in hamsters this protein was found 5 days after an intracerebral inoculation. In contrast, rabies glycoprotein was not detectable in any of the street rabies-infected cell system by the fluorescent antibody test, although nucleoprotein was present, showing that infection occurred in these cells. Rabies glycoprotein was also undetectable in the central nervous system (CNS) of athymic nude mice which is known to be very sensitive to street rabies infection and to contain large quantities of viral material. Our results suggest that the smaller amount of rabies glycoprotein synthesized during street rabies infection are of consequence for the pathogenesis of rabies disease. The immunopathology of street rabies virus infection is certainly modulated by the failure of the viral glycoprotein to be present in large quantities on the surface of the infected cellular membrane as in the case of fixed rabies. PMID- 7036644 TI - Remarks on the papers by C.-D. Agardh et al./H. Kalimo et al. "hypoglycemic brain injury, I, II". PMID- 7036645 TI - Reply to the remarks by J. B. Brierley and A. W. Brown. PMID- 7036646 TI - [Characteristics of the occlusion of 3630 school children in the metropolitan area of Caracas]. PMID- 7036647 TI - Oscillatory potential and nyctometry in insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - The study draws a comparison between the oscillatory potential of the electroretinogram and the initial dark-adaptation measured by nyctometry, with the aim of assessing the predictive value of nyctometry in juvenile diabetics. The study included 61 insulin-dependent juvenile diabetics, aged 18-49 years, with a disease duration of more than five years. A statistically highly significant correlation could be demonstrated between alterations in the oscillatory potential and in the initial dark-adaptation. The results justify the assumption that nyctometry can be used as an easily handled clinical tool in selecting those at risk of developing proliferative retinopathy in their subsequent 6-8 years. PMID- 7036648 TI - On the formation of Elschnig's pearls. A tissue culture study of regenerating rat lens epithelium. AB - Rats lens epithelial cells were allowed to regenerate on the lens capsule in tissue cultured. The major part of the lens fibers had been removed. After a month spherical bodies appeared, similar in appearance to Elschnig's pearls. Electron microscopical examination revealed that these spheres consisted of large extracellular vacuoles, and phase contrast examination revealed a continuous change in appearance of these spheres. The mechanism behind the tendency to form extracellular vacuoles probably include an increased extrusion of sodium and water from osmotically stressed lens cells. PMID- 7036649 TI - Osteonecrosis in renal transplant recipients. Early radiological detection and course. AB - Early radiologic signs and the radiologic course were examined retrospectively in 20 renal transplant patients who developed osteonecrosis after transplantation. Osteonecrosis appeared in 25 hips, 8 knees, 9 shoulders and 1 elbow. In most patients who developed osteonecrosis of the hip the early radiologic signs of osteonecrosis, with areas of lucencies and increased densities, were preceded by a thin fracture line in the immediate subchondral bone, parallel to the articular surface, appearing within a mean of 14 months after renal transplantation. This change seems to be a specific and very early finding in patients who subsequently develop osteonecrosis after renal transplantation. The initiation of collapsing phenomena of the articular surface was preceded by architectural changes near the articular surface wtih areas of lucencies and sclerosis. At the time of this investigation 26 per cent of the bones showed signs of regression of the changes with rebuilding of the former shape; 32 per cent showed progression and in 42 per cent the condition was stationary. PMID- 7036650 TI - Ruptured achilles tendons treated surgically under local anaesthesia. AB - Twenty-two patients with rupture of the Achilles tendon were successfully treated by simple end-to-end suture under local anaesthesia. The results are discussed in the light of previous literature on surgical versus conservative treatment and the advantages of surgery under local anaesthesia are pointed out. PMID- 7036651 TI - [Structure and organization in the clinic]. PMID- 7036652 TI - "Complex reaction times" in so-called minimal brain dysfunction. PMID- 7036653 TI - [Development neurologic principles self consciousness]. PMID- 7036654 TI - Psychosomatic research in childhood asthma. PMID- 7036655 TI - Some critical comments on a systematic approach to diagnosis. Contribution to a documentation and classification system in child neuropsychiatry. PMID- 7036656 TI - Bela Issekutz 1886-1979. PMID- 7036657 TI - [Study of nomifensine in the treatment of depressive states (author's transl)]. AB - The nomifensine antidepressant activity, tolerance and rapidity of action have been studied by 95 psychiatrists in 498 patients during a 4 week open treatment. A 12 items evaluation scale allowed the estimation of the efficacy of the drug in depressed patients distributed to 4 classes of diagnosis: reactional, neurotic, endogenous and other type of depression. Side effects and rapidity of action of the treatment have been recorded during the whole treatment. Nomifensine's antidepressant activity was already observed after one week of treatment: the global scores were significantly diminished at this time in the 4 types of depressive patients. Items such as loss of interest, depressive mood and idea of suicide have been strongly ameliorated and have put in evidence the therapeutic profile and the security of use of this drug The significant and rapid decrease of severity of the symptoms as well as the excellent tolerance of the drug support the psychiatrists' judgement of satisfaction and confirm nomifensine as a major antidepressant, well tolerated and with a rapid onset of action. PMID- 7036658 TI - Pimozide versus chlordiazepoxide in anxiety neurosis. PMID- 7036660 TI - Nitroprusside infusion in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7036659 TI - Does verapamil influence glucose-induced insulin release in man? AB - The effect of verapamil on the tolerance for oral glucose and on the pancreatic release of insulin was investigated in 6 normoglycemic patients admitted to hospital because of abdominal diseases. Each patient was studied twice. On one occasion, 100 g glucose was ingested during simultaneous i.v. infusion of verapamil, on the other, glucose was given during i.v. infusion of saline. Blood samples for insulin and glucose measurements were collected simultaneously via a portal and an antecubital vein catheter. It was found that the blood glucose and serum insulin responses to oral glucose were unaffected by verapamil both in the portal and in the peripheral venous blood. These findings imply that the pancreatic release of insulin, the tolerance for oral glucose, and the intestinal absorption of glucose remain unaffected by i.v. verapamil in normoglycemic individuals. PMID- 7036661 TI - Hydralazine versus placebo in CHF - preliminary results from a multicenter long term study in Sweden. PMID- 7036663 TI - Celebration of the 10th anniversary of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies. PMID- 7036662 TI - Invasive diagnostics. PMID- 7036664 TI - Computed tomography stereotactic head clamp. AB - A new stereotactic head clamp is described. The clamp is applied in the plane of the computed tomographic scan, and enables one to probe the target in te plane of the scan by obtaining measurements directly from the scanner. No modification of the scanner is required, and the clamp can be used within the scanner. PMID- 7036665 TI - [Immunofluorescence and pseudopelade]. PMID- 7036666 TI - [Words in honor of Prof. Gay Prieto]. PMID- 7036667 TI - [To Prof. Gay]. PMID- 7036668 TI - [Prof. Jose Gay Prieto. Teacher of dermatologists (1905-1979)]. PMID- 7036669 TI - [I was his first student (Gay Prieto)]. PMID- 7036670 TI - [To Prof. Jose Gay Prieto. In memoriam]. PMID- 7036671 TI - [Herpes gestationis. 5 cases]. PMID- 7036672 TI - [Renal preservation: comparative experimental study of the simple-immersion-under hypothermia and the combined technic of continuous perfusion and hypothermia]. PMID- 7036673 TI - [Intraoperative hemorrhage and hemostasis in endoscopic surgery]. PMID- 7036674 TI - Role of GABA neurons in the expression of striatal motor functions. PMID- 7036675 TI - Role of GABA in the striatal output system: globus pallidus, nucleus entopeduncularis, substantia nigra and nucleus subthalamicus. PMID- 7036676 TI - The GABAergic neurons of the extrapyramidal system as revealed by immunocytochemistry. PMID- 7036677 TI - Cultural aspects of coronary prone behavior. An approach from the history of art. PMID- 7036678 TI - Reaction pathways and mechanisms of pyridoxal catalysis. PMID- 7036679 TI - Glutamine utilization by the small intestine. PMID- 7036680 TI - Proteinase-catalyzed synthesis of peptide bonds. PMID- 7036681 TI - Ligand substitution chemistry and enzymology. PMID- 7036682 TI - Serine hydroxymethyltransferase. PMID- 7036683 TI - Automation of the enzyme immunoassay for the serodiagnosis of infectious diseases in livestock. AB - The enzyme immunoassay is a highly versatile diagnostic tool whose use is rapidly spreading throughout the world. With the number of reagents, processing steps and possible protocols involved, and the growing list of devices used to automate or semiautomate the test, there is an immediate need to develop standard procedures for evaluating test performance and making diagnostic decisions. The positive and negative reference sera against which test samples are compared must be carefully selected and evaluated to insure that they are representative of field populations. Only then will it be possible to obtain uniform results within and between test facilities. PMID- 7036685 TI - The bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA) system. PMID- 7036684 TI - A concept of humoral immunity among ruminants and an approach to its investigation. AB - My goal has been to piece together bits of information, both old and new, so as to provide you with some concepts of humoral immune function. Specifically I have described concepts of secretory immunity in two different organ systems, the lower respiratory tract and the mammary gland. Should these concepts not even survive this meeting or be proven incorrect by future research, I hope I have at least stimulated your thinking with an alternative view and challenged you to saw off the limb I have put myself on with the concepts I have presented. More than mere conjectural hypotheses, I have presented some data on the ELISA out of my belief that one approach to establishing concepts in humoral immunity depends on the ability to accurately and quantitatively measure the distribution of antibodies among isotypes. I have also shared with you some preliminary data on the transport of SIgA into bile and other secretion which will hopefully encourage others to finally establish the quantitative significance of locally synthesized versus serum-derived IgA in the various exocrine secretions of ruminants. Finally, I have dared to take ruminant immunoglobulin homology "back to sea"; perhaps this last topic will stimulate your palate if not your mind. PMID- 7036686 TI - Lactoferrin: a component of nonspecific defense of the involuting bovine mammary gland. PMID- 7036687 TI - Bovine milk antibodies in the treatment of enteric infections and their ability to eliminate virulence factors from pathogenic E. coli. PMID- 7036688 TI - Passive immunity of the G. I. tract. AB - The need for continued pursuit to identify all of the components necessary for effective passive immunity is obvious. With a focus upon natural phenomenon, we need to expand our understanding of antigenic modulation while determining the distribution of specific antibodies among the various isotypes available in lacteal secretions and capable of transfer to the intestinal tract of the neonate and broaden the scope of investigations to include the significance of cell mediated immune mechanisms present in lacteal secretions. Passively acquired immunocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytes may contribute to the immune status of suckling ruminants. PMID- 7036689 TI - Intestinal response to dietary and bacterial antigens affecting health and performance in the calf. PMID- 7036690 TI - Do taurine and its analogs or cogeners have actions in common? PMID- 7036691 TI - The Ah locus, a multigene family necessary for survival in a chemically adverse environment: comparison with the immune system. PMID- 7036692 TI - Mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7036693 TI - Expression of ribosomal genes in bacteria. PMID- 7036694 TI - Regulation of glucose metabolism in growing yeast cells. PMID- 7036695 TI - Unity and diversity in some bacterial citric acid-cycle enzymes. PMID- 7036696 TI - Physiology of killer factor in yeast. PMID- 7036697 TI - The management of cardiorespiratory failure in surgical patients. PMID- 7036698 TI - Clinical importance of host resistance to infection in surgical patients. PMID- 7036699 TI - Treatment of esophageal varices by injection sclerotherapy. PMID- 7036700 TI - Hemangiomas and lymphangiomas. PMID- 7036701 TI - [Comparison of the deformation of parallel and nonparallel abutments for dental bridges]. PMID- 7036702 TI - [Behaviour of dental bridge cross sections in relation to load forces]. PMID- 7036703 TI - Advantages of the caudocranial left anterior oblique left ventriculogram in adult heart disease. AB - Biplane axial left cineventriculography represents the most accurate diagnostic technique for evaluating acquired and congenital heart disease. However, data have accumulated to indicate that without angled views of the left ventricle, the diagnosis will be incomplete and inaccurate in a significant number of patients. Left ventriculography is the acknowledged standard for left ventricular performance. However, comparison of the conventional or nonangled left anterior oblique left ventriculogram with the angled views of the left ventricle obtained with either two dimensional ultrasound or radionuclide left ventriculography may in many cases be invalid because dissimilar views are compared. The cranial-left anterior oblique view allows more accurate assessment of the precise degree and extent of asynergy, left ventricular aneurysms and ventricular septal defects. Left ventricular outflow tract abnormalities such as discrete subaortic stenosis and the obstructive form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can easily be distinguished. Lesions involving the mitral valve, especially mitral valve prolapse, are readily evaluated. Lastly, comparison with noninvasive tests of left ventricular performance can be more accurately performed. PMID- 7036704 TI - Rationale for a direct surgical approach to control ventricular arrhythmias: relation of specific intraoperative techniques to mechanism and location of arrhythmic circuit. PMID- 7036705 TI - Surgical management of ventricular tachycardia unrelated to myocardial ischemia or infarction. PMID- 7036707 TI - Adult cardiovascular training programs in the United States. This listing is provided as a service to physicians by the American College of Cardiology. PMID- 7036706 TI - Verapamil in stable effort angina: effects on left ventricular function evaluated with exercise radionuclide ventriculography. AB - A double blind placebo-controlled study was performed in 12 patients with stable angina pectoris to evaluate the effects of oral verapamil (320 mg/day) on left ventricular function, as measured at rest and during exercise with gated equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. On verapamil, patients had a lower heart rate-blood pressure product at each work load than with placebo. Anginal threshold increased by 28 +/- 19 watts (p less than 0.005), and maximal exercise capacity increased by 20 +/- 14 watts (p less than 0.001) with verapamil, but the rate-pressure product at the onset of angina and at maximal exercise was unchanged. Left ventricular ejection fraction at rest during verapamil therapy was the same as with placebo therapy. On exercise during placebo therapy, the ejection fraction decreased from 40 +/- 9 to 35 +/- 11 percent (p less than 0.025) because end-systolic volume increased disproportionately compared with end diastolic volume. On exercise during verapamil therapy, the ejection fraction did not decrease (44 +/- 8 versus 45 +/- 12 percent) and was significantly higher at identical work loads than on placebo because of a smaller increase in end systolic volume. Oral verapamil is effective treatment for effort angina and may prevent the decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction due to exercise induced ischemia. PMID- 7036708 TI - Short- and long-term responses to diltiazem in patients with variant angina. AB - Short- and long-term effects of diltiazem on angina frequency were studied in 12 patients with variant angina (pain at rest with S-T elevation). Each patient first entered a double-blind short-term trial. Either diltiazem, in two dosage schedules (120 and 240 mg/day), or placebo was administered in a randomized double-blind program over 10 weeks. Significant decreases in frequency of angina were observed when diltiazem treatment periods were compared with placebo periods. Six patients were asymptomatic, one had 50 percent or greater decrease, and two had a smaller decrease in angina frequency. Two patients showed no important improvement during short-term diltiazem therapy. One patient experienced ventricular fibrillation in the placebo period and was advanced to treatment with open label diltiazem before responses could be ascertained in the double-blind trial. All other patients were then advanced to open label diltiazem therapy and followed up for an average of 16 months (range 8 to 23). Responses during the short-term trial accurately predicted responses during long-term therapy. Of the six patients who were asymptomatic during short-term therapy, five remained asymptomatic and one had rare episodes of angina. One other patient continued to have a good response (50 percent or greater decrease in angina frequency) and two other patients had a partial response. The two patients who did not respond during short-term therapy did not respond during long-term therapy. PMID- 7036709 TI - Safety and efficacy of diltiazem hydrochloride for the treatment of stable angina pectoris: report of a cooperative clinical trial. AB - Sixty-three patients completed a multicenter 10 week, double-blind, parallel group protocol evaluating the efficacy of diltiazem versus placebo with respect to rate of attacks of angina, nitroglycerin consumption and duration of treadmill exercise. An additional 36 patients were evaluated for drug safety. A 4 week placebo lead-in phase was followed by a 2 week dose titration period and two treatment evaluation periods of 2 weeks each. Both diltiazem and placebo were associated with a significant reduction in weekly frequency of angina from the baseline rate. Intergroup comparison disclosed a significantly greater reduction for the patients receiving diltiazem than for those receiving placebo. A similar reduction was noted for nitroglycerin consumption. Total exercise duration at week 10 was statistically greater in patients treated with diltiazem. Diltiazem was well tolerated. No abnormalities in hematologic profiles or in routine serum chemistry values were observed; electrocardiographic P-R and QRS intervals were unaffected. Adverse effects that could have been related to drug administration were reported in 11 patients who received diltiazem and in 12 patients who received placebo. Of the 17 episodes in the diltiazem group only 3 were considered significant and drug-related, and only one of these resulted in discontinuation of the drug. PMID- 7036710 TI - Efficacy of diltiazem in angina on effort: a multicenter trial. AB - During a multicenter study 57 patients with exercise-induced angina were evaluated with serial exercise testing to assess the efficacy of diltiazem, a calcium slow channel blocking agent, compared with a placebo. The study consisted of a 1 week single-blind placebo stabilization period followed by a double-blind triple crossover between diltiazem and placebo. Three dose levels were tested (120, 180 and 240 mg/day) in each patient. For the three time-related variables there was a significant dose-related response, with 240 mg/day being the most effective. The increases, over the washout placebo stabilization values, of the time-related variables for the 240 mg/day week compared with the corresponding placebo week were total duration of exercise 1.87 versus 1.05 minutes (p less than 0.002), time to onset of angina 1.81 versus 1.17 minutes (p less than 0.01) and time to appearance of 1 mm S-T segment depression 1.81 versus 1.01 minutes (p less than 0.002). Analysis of exercise variables indicated a significant reduction in heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, and pressure-rate product at submaximal exercise after administration of diltiazem. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly reduced at maximal exercise. Heart rate and pressure-rate product were unchanged at rest during submaximal or maximal exercise. Submaximal and maximal exercise S-T depression was not significantly altered by diltiazem. The reduction in pressure-rate product at submaximal exercise was a possible mechanism for the drug's beneficial effect in enhancing the three time-related variables. PMID- 7036711 TI - Clinical evaluation of domperidone in the treatment of chronic postprandial idiopathic upper gastrointestinal distress. AB - Eleven patients with symptoms of chronic postprandial idiopathic upper gastrointestinal distress served as their own controls in a clinical trial of a new prokinetic agent, domperidone. After evaluations to eliminate the presence of anatomic lesions, each subject was given domperidone and placebo in random order for one month. Using a symptom-scoring questionnaire, no superiority of domperidone over placebo could be demonstrated in the group as a whole. Improvement in two out of three patients with diabetic gastroparesis, however, was noted. Side-effects possibly related to domperidone consisted of gas pains and skin rash in one patient each. PMID- 7036712 TI - Double-blind multicenter comparison of 1,200 mg. and 1,000 mg. cimetidine in hospitalized and ambulatory duodenal ulcer patients. AB - A multicenter double-blind study was made to compare whether 1,000 mg dosage of cimetidine, the dose commonly employed in the United Kingdom, was as effective as the 1,200 mg. dose recommended in the United States for the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Our second goal was to test whether hospitalization would enhance the efficacy of cimetidine in the healing of duodenal ulcer. There was no difference in healing rate after either one (40%) or four (86%) weeks of therapy. In addition, hospitalization (one week) did not enhance the efficacy of cimetidine therapy. PMID- 7036713 TI - Factor-X deficiency in amyloidosis: a critical review. AB - Thirty cases of amyloidosis with factor-X deficiency, including six of our own, were reviewed. Modest deficiency of factor X was often associated with severe bleeding. In many of the cases, clinical bleeding could not be accounted for by deficiency of factor X alone. Other hemostatic defects were found in these patients and probably contributed to the bleeding. Modes of treatment, including the empiric use of corticosteroids and splenectomy, were discussed in light of current knowledge of pathogenesis of this unusual blood clotting disorder. This involves the interaction of amyloid fibrils and blood clotting factors. PMID- 7036714 TI - Parathyroid hormone: a determinant of posttransplant blood pressure regulation. AB - Persistent hyperparathyroidism and its attendant hypercalcemia have been implicates as possible etiologic factors in posttransplant hypertension. To better define the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium in posttransplant blood pressure homeostasis, we measured the acute response of blood pressure, ionized calcium (Ca++), plasma renin activity (PRA), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) to a 4-hr infusion of calcium (15 mg/kg) and an isoproterenol injection (0.15 mg SC) in seven normal subjects and 13 renal transplant (Tx) recipients with stable graft function and persistent hyperparathyroidism. Transient hypercalcemia produced a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in the systolic blood pressure (delta SBP) and suppression of PTH (p less than 0.001) in the posttransplant subjects. There was a significant (p less than 0.02) inverse correlation between changes (delta) in PTH and delta SBP in these subjects. There was no correlation between the delta SBP and either the change in Ca++ (delta Ca++) or the change in PRA (delta PRA) observed in the Tx recipients administered calcium. Following isoproterenol administration, SBP increased (p less than 0.01), PTH fell (p less than 0.05) and Ca++ was only minimally increased in the Tx recipients. A virtually identical, significant (p less than 0.05) inverse correlation existed between the delta PTH and delta SBP observed in the transplant subjects. Greater suppression of PTH was associated with a larger increase in systolic blood pressure. Transient hypercalcemia of comparable degree in normal subjects caused an insignificant increase in their blood pressure. The fact that PTH suppression in the normals was substantially (0.01) less (delta PTH -13 microliter/Eq/ml versus -65 microliter/Eq/ml in the transplant group) with a similar increase in serum calcium suggests that the blood pressure response to transient hypercalcemia is more dependent on PTH suppression than the level of ionized calcium. Plasma renin activity was unchanged during the blood pressure fluctuations induced by either the calcium or the isoproterenol administration to the normal subjects. Under the conditions of this study, endogenous parathyroid hormone has the characteristics of a vasodepressor hormone and may have a role in blood pressure regulation in transplant recipients with hyperparathyroidism. Since the vasodepressor effect can be dissociated from delta Ca+ and delta PRA, such a conclusion seems warranted. The implications of these findings for all subjects with renal disease requires further investigation. PMID- 7036715 TI - Clinical and experimental aspects of renal allograft rejection. AB - The pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and clinical management of renal allograft rejection is reviewed. Recent data have revealed the discriminant biochemical and functional attributes of Class I (HLA-A,B, and C) and Class II (HLA-DR) major transplantation antigens. Graft rejection is an intricate process in which several cytodestructive mechanisms may coexist. The role of donor specific and nonspecific immunologic monitoring tests in patient management is reviewed. Acute cellular rejection is usually readily reversed by high dose corticosteroid therapy while chronic humoral rejection is refractory to such treatment. Treatment of steroid-resistant rejection episodes by plasmapheresis/antilymphocyte globulin is under investigation. PMID- 7036716 TI - Effect of blood transfusion on renal allograft survival: immunologic considerations. PMID- 7036717 TI - Urolithiasis update: biophysical and radiologic advances enhance antistone therapy. PMID- 7036718 TI - Determinants of tissue aluminum concentration. AB - These data taken together might indicate that increased tissue burdens of aluminum begin early in chronic renal disease as a consequence of oral aluminum administration. The initiation of dialysis leads to additional aluminum exposure via dialysate. Elevated endogenous parathyroid hormone levels could further enhance the absorption of orally ingested aluminum and alter tissue distribution of aluminum resulting in high brain aluminum concentration. PMID- 7036719 TI - Comparison of daily and alternate-day prednisone during chronic maintenance therapy: a controlled crossover study. AB - To determine if dose spacing of low dose chronic suppressive corticosteroid therapy would result in different effects on circulating T lymphocytes and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression, a crossover trial of two maintenance steroid regimens was performed. Twenty stable renal allograft recipients were treated for 6 mo with daily prednisone (DS) and then the same patients were abruptly converted to alternate-day prednisone (ADS) for another 6 mo. Total prednisone dosage was identical during the 6-mo study periods and only dose spacing differed. Both circulating T lymphocyte numbers and responsiveness to mitogens were less on the DS regimen. Patients gained weight on DS and lost weight on ADS. Five of the 20 patients developed infections on DS. However, HPA suppression was not different on the two regimens. These findings suggest that dose spacing alters the immunosuppressive and metabolic response to prednisone, even at low dose. PMID- 7036720 TI - Sodium intake alters the effects of norepinephrine on the renin system and the kidney. AB - To examine the interactions between sodium intake and the sympathetic nervous system and their influences on the blood pressure control system we studied eight normotensive men after high (800 mEq/d) and low (10 mEq/d) sodium intake. We measured blood pressure, arterial, venous and urinary norepinephrine (NE), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow (RBF), plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone (PA), and the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) and potassium (FEK) before and during incremental infusion of norepinephrine. High salt intake influenced the sensitivity to NE as well as subsequent pressor responses. The NE-induced decrease in RBF and GFR was not different on high and low sodium intakes. A significant decrease in FENa (p less than 0.05) with NE infusion could only be seen during high sodium intake. A significant increase in PRA (p less than 0.01) and PA (p less than 0.05) was induced by NE only during the low sodium period. These observations reveal previously unrecognized qualitative and quantitative interactions between sodium homeostasis and norepinephrine which are capable of influencing blood pressure in man. PMID- 7036721 TI - Cavitary lung disease following renal transplantation. PMID- 7036722 TI - Successful renal transplantation in a patient with anaphylactic reaction to Solu Medrol (methylprednisolone sodium succinate). AB - Following the intravenous infusion of Solu-Medrol (methylprednisolone sodium succinate), anaphylactic shock developed in a 41 year old man on two consecutive occasions, six weeks apart. Intracutaneous testing with different components of he Solu-Medrol Mix-O-Vial demonstrated that the patient was allergic to methylprednisolone sodium succinate but not to other ingredients. In view of the recent increase in the popularity of steroid pulse therapy, we believe that all clinicians should be aware of this unusual and potentially fatal reaction to Solu Medrol. PMID- 7036723 TI - Four-valve polymicrobial endocarditis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens. AB - This report describes what is believed to be the first case of mixed Pseudomonas and Serratia endocarditis, of probable nosocomial etiology, with involvement of all four heart valves in a 56 year old nonaddicted patient. Although both organisms were recovered in culture, infection and tissue invasion were documented by light and electron microscopy. The clinical course in this patient differed from more typical patterns of Pseudomonas or Serratia endocarditis that have been observed as complications of narcotic addiction or compromised cardiac status. Our patient had the rare occurrence of endocarditis with two organisms and four-valve involvement. Clinically, however, this presented as a right-sided endocarditis and behaved as though only a single organism were present. PMID- 7036724 TI - Dialysis encephalopathy and osteomalacic bone disease: a case-controlled study. AB - Nine patients on long-term hemodialysis with dialysis encephalopathy were studied, with sex matched control subjects for eight of the patients. Each patient with dialysis encephalopathy and control subject were contemporaries in a similar dialysis environment. Rib and other fractures were found in excess in the patients with dialysis encephalopathy (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.01). These patients had less radiographic hyperparathyroid bone disease, and no more osteopenia as measured by metacarpal thickness than did their control counterparts. Severe osteomalacia was documented by bone biopsy in four of te patients. In a retrospective review of clinical, biochemical and pharmacologic differences, the patients with dialysis encephalopathy were significantly older at the start of dialysis (45.6 years versus 38.6 years, p less than 0.02) and had higher mean concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and lower serum hemoglobin in the first year of dialysis than the control subjects. Blood pressure weight, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and a number of transfusions did not differ significantly. There was no difference in prescribed vitamin D and elemental aluminum in phosphate binders. This study demonstrates that patients with dialysis encephalopathy had more rib fractures without more parathyroid or osteopenic bone disease than did the control subjects and suggests that the etiology of dialysis encephalopathy and osteomalacia is multifactorial. PMID- 7036725 TI - Hyperkalemic hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in sickle cell hemoglobinopathies. AB - This report describes the occurrence of hyperkalemic hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in six patients with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies. Three patients had sickle cell anemia, two had sickle cell trait and one had S-C disease. In all patients, decreased renal potassium excretion was demonstrated by the finding of a fractional potassium excretion lower than that of control subjects with comparable glomerular filtration rates. Two patterns of impaired urinary acidification were discerned. Four patients had a urinary pH above 5.5 in the presence of systemic acidosis and, thus, were classified a having distal renal tubular acidosis. The remaining two patients had very low rates of ammonium excretion despite intact capacity to lower urinary pH below 5.5 during systemic acidosis; this pattern was ascribed to selective aldosterone deficiency. Sickle cell hemoglobinopathies should be included in the differential diagnosis of hyperkalemic hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. PMID- 7036726 TI - Multiclinic controlled trial of diltiazem for Prinzmetal's angina. AB - To assess the efficacy of a new calcium entry blocker, diltiazem (Cardizem), for prophylaxis of Prinzmetal's angina, 48 patients were studied in randomized, multiple crossover multiclinic study (2 weeks single-blind, 8 weeks double blind). Diltiazem dosage in one crossover phase was 120 mg per day; in the other, 240 mg per day. Therapeutic response was measured by patients' diary records of angina frequency and nitroglycerin tablet consumption. Treatment with 120 mg of diltiazem per day reduced angina by 41 percent from the entry placebo period and 20 percent from the paired placebo period (p less than 0.005). Treatment with 240 mg of diltiazem per day reduced angina frequency by 68 percent from the entry placebo period and 43 percent from the paired placebo period (p less than 0.01). There were similar reductions in nitroglycerin consumption. Adverse experiences that may have been related to the medication were noted in only 5 percent of patients. There were no alterations in blood pressure or heart rate. The PR interval increased 3 percent at the 240 mg dosage level. We conclude that diltiazem is an effective and safe agent for control of symptoms of Prinzmetal's angina. PMID- 7036727 TI - Disorders of proximal nephron function. AB - The proximal nephron is responsible for reabsorbing 80 to 99 percent of several filtered solutes, including amino acids, glucose and bicarbonate. Separate, high affinity sodium co-transport mechanisms are used. Increasing luminal concentration of each of these solutes stimulates its active transcellular reabsorption until there is saturation. Slightly less than half of the filtered chloride is reabsorbed, partly by passive mechanisms that are linked to the reabsorption of organic solutes and bicarbonate, as well as by less well defined independent cellular and/or paracellular mechanisms that appear to be sensitive to transepithelial osmotic pressure gradients. Proximal tubule reabsorption is isosmotic and isonatric, and about 50 to 60 percent of the filtered sodium and water in reabsorbed. Disorders or proximal nephron function include conditions in which luminal, cellular and/or peritubular factors affecting reabsorption are altered. Clinical disorders caused by modification of the luminal reabsorptive determinants include conditions in which tubular flow rate is increased or luminal composition is altered, as when non-reabsorbable solutes (mannitol) are filtered or when reabsorbable solutes (glucose) are filtered in concentrations exceeding their tubular transport capacity. Other disorders occur due to loss of affinity or capacity of the cellular active transport systems for specific solutes, such as amino acids (renal aminoacidurias), glucose (renal glycosurias) and bicarbonate (proximal renal tubular acidosis), or for all solutes (Fanconi syndrome). Finally, disorders due to changes in the peritubular factors affecting reabsorption include states of altered peritubular Starling forces or pH, which modify sodium chloride or sodium bicarbonate reabsorption, respectively. PMID- 7036728 TI - Disorders of urinary concentration and dilution. AB - A new approach to the classification of disorders of urinary concentration and dilution is recommended based on recent studies of how the kidney elaborates a urine of widely varying osmolality. The capacity to concentrate urine depends on ft, the fractional reabsorption of solute delivered to the loop of Henle; fu, the excretion of solute relative to the sum of solute excretion and solute delivery to Henle's loop; fw, the fraction of solute loss by vascular outflow from the medulla relative to that reabsorbed by the loop; and finally, collecting duct response to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). A decrease in ft or in increased fu or fw will diminish urinary concentrating ability, as will resistance of the tubule to ADH. Conversely, urinary dilution depends on the delivery of sodium and water to the ascending limb; NaCl reabsorption by the ascending limb; and the absence of ADH. A decrease in sodium and water delivery to the ascending limb or in NaCl reabsorption by the ascending limb will impair urinary diluting ability, as will the presence of ADH. The consequences of disorders in urinary concentrating and diluting ability vary widely. In an alert patient with an intact thirst center, there may be no consequence; in a patient unable to communicate thirst or whose thirst center is deranged, the results may be catastrophic. Keeping in mind the kidney's few basic requirements for formation of concentrated or dilute urine may help the physician avoid these potentially serious dislocations of water balance. PMID- 7036729 TI - Body fluid homeostasis in congestive heart failure and cirrhosis with ascites. AB - The urinary excretion of salt and water in man is regulated by a variety of renal and extrarenal mechanisms that respond to changes in dietary sodium intake as well as to alterations in the holding capacity of the vascular and interstitial compartments. Changes in extracellular fluid volume are detected by volume sensors located in the intrathoracic vascular bed, the kidney and other organs. These sensing mechanisms gauge the adequacy of intravascular volume relative to capacitance at various sites within the circulation. Congestive heart failure and cirrhosis with ascites are two disease states of man in which a hemodynamic disturbance within a given circulatory subcompartment is perceived by these sensing mechanisms and results in renal sodium retention. While the primary disturbance in both of these conditions originates outside the kidney, a variety of renal effector mechanisms respond to the perceived circulatory disturbance and result in enhanced tubule reabsorption of salt and water. These effector mechanisms involve physical adjustments in renal microvascular hemodynamics, tubule fluid composition and flow rate and transtubular ion gradients. These in turn are partially regulated by a variety of neural and humoral pathways including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, prostaglandins, and kinins. PMID- 7036730 TI - Neurogenic disorders of osmoregulation. AB - The osmolality of body fluids is normally maintained within a narrow range. This constancy is achieved largely via hypothalamic osmo-receptors that regulate thirst and arginine vasopressin, the antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Anything that interferes with the full expression of either osmoregulatory function exposes the patient to the hazards of abnormal increases or decreases in plasma osmolality. Hyposmolality is almost always due to a defect in water excretion. Increased intake may contribute to the problem but is rarely, if ever, a sufficient cause. Impaired water excretion can be due to a primary defect in the osmoregulation of ADH (inappropriate antidiuresis) or secondary to nonosmotic stimuli like hypovolemia or nausea. The two types differ in clinical presentation and treatment. Resetting of the ADH osmostat is commonly associated with resetting of the thirst osmostat. Hyperosmolarity is almost always due to deficient water intake. Excessive excretion may contribute to the problem but is never a sufficient cause. Impaired water intake can result from a defect in either the osmoregulation of thirst of the necessary motor responses. Thirst may be deficient because of primary osmoreceptor damage as in the syndrome of adipsic hypernatremia or secondary to nonosmotic influences on the set of the system. They are distinguishable by the clinical presentation as well as the type of ADH defects with which they are associated. So-called essential hypernatremia due to primary resetting of the osmostat has been postulated, but unambiguous evidence for such an entity has not yet been reported. PMID- 7036731 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism, prostaglandins and the kidney. AB - Renal prostaglandins are gaining increasing recognition as important modulators of hemodynamics and excretory function in the mammalian kidney. Synthesis of these unsaturated fatty acids from arachidonate precursors is closely regulated by intrarenal factors, and circulating angiotensin II, catecholamines, arginine vasopressin and bradykinin. Endogenous prostaglandins exert little influence on renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate in the basal state, but inhibition of arachidonate metabolism when renal perfusion is impaired causes marked alterations in these parameters. Renal salt and water excretion is modified by the effects of prostaglandins on glomerular filtration rate, proximal tubule fluid reabsorption, medullary solute gradients, and the intrinsic water and ion reabsorptive properties of distal nephron segments. Prostaglandins also mediate renin release under basal conditions and in response to intravascular volume depletion. Abnormalities of renal prostaglandins are evident in various clinical disorders of renal function including hypertension, ureteral obstruction, Bartter syndrome, hypokalemic nephropathy and drug-induced disorders of water metabolism. Appropriate clinical use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents requires consideration of the potential renal consequences of inhibiting prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 7036732 TI - The case for intrarenal hypertension in the initiation and progression of diabetic and other glomerulopathies. PMID- 7036733 TI - PEEP and pulmonary edema. PMID- 7036734 TI - Exercise testing early after myocardial infarction. Risks and benefits. AB - Submaximal exercise testing in the early weeks following myocardial infarction appears to be safe in selected patient groups. Potential benefits of such testing includes: (1) promotion of patient self-confidence, (2) determination of post hospital exercise prescription, (3) detection of arrhythmias, and (4) determination of post-hospital prognosis. However, the practical value of the apparent psychologic benefits and of the exercise prescription information in a patient not participating in formal exercise rehabilitation therapy is unclear. Detection of potentially important arrhythmias appears to be more adequately effected with 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography, and detection of such arrhythmias appears to add relatively little prognostic information to that available from exercise electrocardiographic S-T analysis, or from resting radionuclide ejection fraction. Nonetheless, exercise-induced S-T segment depression can provide potentially useful prognostic information regarding morbid or fatal events during the year after infarction. Moreover, recent data suggest that exercise-induced angina and/or S-T segment depression can aid importantly in the noninvasive determination of the anatomic extent of coronary artery disease. The additional benefit or radionuclide cineangiographic determination of left ventricular function during exercise and of thallium 201 scintigraphic determination of myocardial perfusion during stress remain to be defined, although both approaches appear to provide important prognostic information. However, despite the potential benefits of exercise testing, in the absence of clinical trials of available therapy in the "high risk" patient defined by exercise testing, there remains an ill-defined relationship between the information available from exercise testing and the results of management decisions based on this information. PMID- 7036735 TI - Infection and diabetes: the case for glucose control. AB - This review summarizes data concerning the host resistance to infection in diabetes and the influence of an acute infection upon the endocrinologic metabolite status of the diabetic patient. While it is well known that acute infections lead to difficulty in controlling blood sugar levels and the infection is the most frequently documented cause of ketoacidosis, controversy persists as to whether or not patients with diabetes mellitus are more susceptible to infection than age- and sex-matched nondiabetic control subjects. Our data obtained from the charts of 241 diabetic patients who were being followed as outpatients show a striking direct correlation between the overall prevalence of infection (p less than 0.001) and the mean plasma glucose levels (representing three or more fasting glucose determinations taken at times when no evidence of infection existed). There is a significant diminution in intracellular bactericidal activity of leukocytes with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in subjects with poorly controlled diabetes in comparison with the control group. Serum opsonic activity for both Staph. Aureus and E. coli were significantly lower than in the control subjects. Taken together, the results from published reports as well as our data suggest to us that good control of blood sugar in diabetic patients is a desirable goal in the prevention of certain infections (Candida vaginitis, for example) and to ensure maintenance of normal host defense mechanisms that determine resistance and response to infection. PMID- 7036736 TI - Hypercalcemia in a man with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 7036737 TI - Disorders of calcium and magnesium homeostasis. AB - The components of calcium and magnesium balance and the factors responsible for the maintenance of the serum concentration of these cations are reviewed. Within this framework, the causes and treatment of disturbances of the serum concentration are discussed. Hypercalcemia is usually a reflection of increased bone resorption and/or gut absorption with the kidney playing a secondary role. Hypocalcemia is usually due to either a disturbance in the parathyroid hormone adenylate cyclase system or a disturbance in vitamin D metabolism. As vitamin D is required for expression of the action of PTH at bone and as PTH is a prime regulator of vitamin D metabolism, the absence of either component results in important disturbances in calcium balance. In contrast to calcium homeostasis, the kidney plays a major role in the determination and regulation of serum magnesium. The major causes of hypermagnesemia therefore are associated with loss of renal function, and hypomagnesemia is frequently due to renal magnesium wasting. PMID- 7036738 TI - Phosphate homeostasis and hypophosphatemia. AB - The clinical importance of an understanding of phosphate metabolism is derived from the crucial role of this anion in the regulation of many cellular functions. In recent years, a greater appreciation of disorders of phosphate metabolism has been recognized because of more frequent monitoring of serum phosphate concentration as well as the increased utilization of therapeutic interventions that profoundly affect overall phosphate balance. The present review focuses on the factors tha regulate phosphate homeostasis, explores the pathophysiology and manifestations of the phosphate depletion syndrome and provides a framework for the diagnosis and rational treatment of patients with abnormalities in phosphate metabolism. PMID- 7036739 TI - Diagnostic strategies in disorders of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis. AB - Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of acid-base and fluid electrolyte regulations has greatly expanded in recent years. Key physiologic principles have emerged that now permit rational diagnosis and therapy of clinical disorders of serum electrolyte concentration. This paper describes diagnostic strategies based upon these principles. The etiology of the myriad factors in hyponatremia is best derived by first measuring serum tonicity and then assessing extracellular fluid volume. The hyper-, iso- and hypotonic hyponatremia are defined, and the hypotonic group is subclassified into hypo-, iso- and hyper volemic forms. The hypernatremias are best categorized by their state of volume expansion. Classification into the hypo-, hyper- and isovolemic hypernatremias simplifies their diagnosis. Metabolic acidoses are classified in terms of the anion gap. Clinical and chemical aspects of increased and normal anion gap acidoses are described. Metabolic alkaloses require a source of new bicarbonate and its retention by the kidney. The means by which new alkali is synthesized and urinary loss prevented serve to effectively classify the alkaloses. Hypokalemic syndromes are defined in terms of associated changes in body potassium. The potassium-depleted states are further subclassified by whether normotension or hypertension is associated. Hyperkalemia is produced by redistribution of cellular and extracellular potassium or by increased body potassium. Defects in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-distal renal tubule effector arm usually underlie hyperkalemic states, which are than classified in terms of this regulatory hormonal cascade. Classifications for disordered serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and uric acid are presented. Hormonal, metabolic and renal regulatory factors form the basis for an organized approach to these disorders. PMID- 7036740 TI - Neuromuscular manifestations of electrolyte disorders. PMID- 7036741 TI - Disorders of body fluids, sodium and potassium in chronic renal failure. AB - A stable volume and composition of extracellular fluid are essential for normal functioning of the body. Since the kidney is primarily responsible for regulating extracellular fluid, loss of kidney function should have catastrophic consequences. Fortunately, even with loss of more than 90 percent of renal function, a remarkable capacity to regulate body fluid volumes and sodium and potassium persists. Nevertheless, this capacity is limited to chronic renal disease and this has important consequences for clinical management of these patients. How can sodium and potassium homeostasis be assessed? Methods for evaluating the steady-state regulation of sodium include measurement of body fluids and their distribution in different compartments and measurement of exchangeable and intracellular sodium. Short-term regulation of body sodium can be assessed from measurement of sodium balance during changes in dietary salt. Potassium is predominantly contained within cells and thus the assessment of its regulation requires special emphasis on measurement of steady-state body stores and potassium distribution across cell membranes. However, the methods used to make all of these measurements require assumptions that may not hold in the altered state of uremia. This raises problems in interpretation requiring critical analysis before conclusions can be made regarding sodium and potassium homeostasis in patients with chronic renal failure. This review focuses on abnormalities of body fluids, sodium and potassium in patients with creatinine clearances of less than 20 ml/min due to chronic renal failure and the impact of conservative therapy, dialysis and renal transplantation on these patients. PMID- 7036742 TI - Platelet antibodies: their detection and significance. PMID- 7036743 TI - Neutrophil antibodies: detection and clinical application. AB - This paper discusses the current knowledge of neutrophil antibodies. Its purpose is fourfold: to review the antigens which have been found in neutrophils; to outline the major methodologies used to examine neutrophil antigen-antibody systems; to show the importance of neutrophil antibodies in immune neutropenia and febrile transfusion reactions; and to discuss the role of neutrophil antigens and antibodies in bone marrow and organ transplantation as well as in granulocyte transfusions. PMID- 7036744 TI - Comparison of epidemiological methods for differentiation of Proteus mirabilis. AB - During the study of suspected cross-infection within a hospital, epidemiological typing techniques are often employed to aid in the identification of transmission patterns of nosocomially-acquired bacteria. In this study, five bacteriological typing methods were assessed for their ability to type and differentiate 100 clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis. The methods evaluated include biotyping, bacteriophage typing with the method of Hickman and Farmer and the scheme of Schmidt and Jeffries, and typing by both bacteriocin production and bacteriocin sensitivity. Each of the phage and bacteriocin methods were further evaluated by typing 14 isolates of P mirabilis derived from an outbreak of infection on a surgical intensive care unit. All 100 isolates were typed by biochemical characteristics and were divided into seven distinct biotypes. Ninety-five percent of these strains were separated into 61 lysis patterns with the phage set of Hickman and Farmer whereas the Schmidt and Jeffries phage scheme was able to type 67% of the cultures into nine unique lysis patterns. Bacteriocin sensitivity typing resulted in 41 distinct patterns with 71% of the strains typable and typing by bacteriocin production yielded 29 distinct bacteriocin types among the 80% typable strains. Typing by bacteriocin production demonstrated that 13 of the 14 epidemic isolates were the same strain. All epidemic-related cultures were untypable with the Hickman and Farmer phage set, whereas typing by bacteriocin sensitivity and the phage set of Schmidt and Jeffries resulted in two and four isolates typable, respectively. Based on the results of typing random and epidemic isolates of P mirabilis, bacteriocin production typing is recommended as a sensitive and specific typing method for future epidemiological surveys. PMID- 7036745 TI - Achondrogenesis: a review with special consideration of achondrogenesis type II (Langer-Saldino). AB - We describe two dwarfed infants with large head, short neck and chest, prominent abdomen, and short limbs. Both died neonatally. Radiographic and morphologic characteristics identified the Langer-Saldino form of achondrogenesis (type II). Review of type II achondrogenesis documented distinctive clinical and anthropometric manifestations (fewer stillbirths, longer survival time and gestation period, larger size of the baby, longer limbs, and characteristic craniofacial features) as compared with type I achondrogenesis (Parenti Fraccaro). PMID- 7036746 TI - The effect of oral contraceptives on antiaggregatory prostacyclin and proaggregatory thromboxane A2 in humans. AB - The effect of different types of oral contraceptives on the productions of antiaggregatory prostacyclin (PGI2) and proaggregatory thromboxane A2 (TxA2) was studied by measuring the stable metabolites of these prostanoids, that is, 6 ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2), respectively, from plasma. In addition, the capacity of the platelets to produce TxB2 during spontaneous clotting was studied by measuring the TxB2 levels from the serum incubated at +37 degrees C for 60 minutes. The material consisted of 48 women who had used estrogen-containing oral contraceptives for 2.0 +/- 1.9 years (mean +/- SD), 24 women using progestogen-only pills for 3.7 +/- 2.0 years, and 42 women of the same age using no oral contraceptives or intrauterine contraceptive device. The plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in women with combined oral contraceptives (65.5 +/- 16.1 pg/ml, mean +/- SD) was lower (p less than 0.01) than that in the control subjects (77.4 +/- 26.4 pg/ml), whereas the use of combined oral contraceptives was associated with no changes in TxB2 levels in plasma or serum, in women with progestogen-only oral contraceptives, the plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2 were normal, but the capacity of the platelets to release TxB2 during spontaneous clotting was decreased (113.6 +/ 77.6 ng/ml versus 179.9 +/- 81.9 ng/ml, p less than 0.05). In a prospective trial on 11 women, who started using 30 microgram of ethinyl estradiol and 150 microgram of levonorgestrel, no changes in PGI2 or TxA2 were seen during the first 3 months of usage. The decrease in antiaggregatory PGI2 during the prolonged use of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives may be associated with the increased risk of thromboembolism. PMID- 7036747 TI - Factors influencing fetal growth. AB - Fetal growth is exponential and during the last 20 weeks of gestation the fetus gains 95% of its weight. Genetic, nutritional, environmental, uteroplacental, and fetal factors have been suggested to influence fetal growth. Uteroplacental and umbilical blood flow and transplacental glucose and fetal insulin are major determinants of fetal growth. The role of the fetal pituitary (growth hormone) and thyroid in fetal growth is not well understood; human anencephalic or athyroid fetuses usually have no or only minor retardation of growth. Also, it is not clear whether placental lactogen or somatomedin or a somatostatin-like substance of the placenta and fetus influences fetal growth. From experiments on rats it may be assumed that a specific placental-fetal growth-promoting and growth-regulating factors(s) exists. Identification of such a placental-fetal growth factor(s) in humans might aid in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of fetal growth retardation. PMID- 7036748 TI - Low-dose vaginal 15 methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha for cervical dilatation prior to vacuum curettage abortion. PMID- 7036749 TI - Insulin stimulation of Na+ transport and glucose metabolism in cultured kidney cells. AB - A line of toad kidney cells (A6) in continuous culture was evaluated for ion transport and metabolic responses to insulin. The cells were grown on permeable supports to allow access of the medium to both basolateral and apical sides of the epithelium. Insulin, on the basolateral side only, produced an increase in short-circuit current (Isc) that was maximal at 40-60 min. A concentration dependent increase in Isc and potential difference (PD) was found in the range of 10-3.2 X 10(3) microunits/ml insulin. The maximal stimulation of Isc and PD was approximately six- and twofold, respectively. After insulin exposure Isc was equivalent to net Na+ transport, indicating active Na+ transport stimulation. Insulin was also found to increase the incorporation of radiolabeled glucose into glycogen. Thus A6 cells exhibit both transepithelial transport and metabolic responses to insulin. PMID- 7036750 TI - Metabolism of L-lactate by LLC-PK1 renal epithelia. AB - LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells do not appreciably synthesize D-glucose or glycogen from L-lactate under the conditions described. [U-14C]L-lactate is metabolized to [14C]L-alanine and [14C]L-glutamate. Synthesis of alanine but not glutamate is decreased by the transaminase inhibitor, aminooxyacetate. LLC-PK1 cells also produce unlabeled urea in the presence of [14C]L-lactate. Evidence for net gluconeogenesis has thus not been obtained for this cell line. This is interesting because the LLC-PK1 cells possess an active sugar transport system, and both active sugar transport and gluconeogenesis are localized together in vivo in the proximal tubule. PMID- 7036751 TI - Intracellular pH mediates action of insulin on glycolysis in frog skeletal muscle. AB - In a glucose-free bicarbonate Ringer (5% CO2 in N2), insulin increased intracellular pH (pHi), as determined by [14C]dimethadione, by 0.12 +/- 0.02 and stimulated glycolysis, as monitored by anaerobic lactate production, by 42.9 +/- 3.5% in paired frog sartorius muscles. The effect of insulin on glycolysis was shown to vary approximately linearly with log [Na+]0, being converted in 0.12 mM Na+ Ringer to a 51.5 +/- 8.4% inhibition of glycolysis. As the Na+ free-energy gradient was varied by decreasing [Na+]0 from 104 to 6.8 mM, the changes in glycolytic flux produced by insulin consistently paralleled the changes in pHi produced by the hormone. The relationship between the change in pHi and percent change in glycolytic flux was the same regardless of whether the effects were produced by insulin or by changing CO2. When glycolysis was either stimulated or inhibited, intracellular levels of fructose 6-phosphate varied inversely with glycolytic flux. This indicates that the effect on glycolysis of either insulin or changes in CO2 is due to a change in the activity of phosphofructokinase. The results support the model that the acute effect of insulin on glycolysis is mediated by a change in pHi, consequent to activation by insulin of Na:H exchange at the plasma membrane. PMID- 7036752 TI - Rapid fluctuations in plasma catecholamines in monkeys under undisturbed conditions. AB - We have demonstrated in monkeys and in man sustained synchronous oscillations in plasma levels of insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, and glucose that have periods ranging from 8 to 11 min. To identify the mechanisms of these oscillations, we studied plasma levels of catecholamines in search for periodic fluctuations. Blood was obtained at 2-min intervals from fasting, undisturbed, chair-adapted male rhesus monkeys via chronically implanted central venous catheters. Plasma levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine were measured by a radioenzymatic assay. Large fluctuations in plasma epinephrine were observed with an average peak-to-trough amplitude of 34 pg/ml at a mean level of 122 pg/ml. Similar fluctuations in norepinephrine and dopamine occurred and were correlated to those of epinephrine: r = 0.51 and 0.35, respectively. The most common periodicity in all three catecholamines was 6-13 min/cycle as determined by spectral analyses. Cross-correlation analyses indicated that fluctuations in the catecholamines were significantly negatively correlated with oscillations in insulin and were unrelated to fluctuations in glucagon. These fluctuations in plasma catecholamines may be related to mechanisms controlling the periodicity observed in plasma insulin and glucose. PMID- 7036753 TI - Effects of amino acids and gastric inhibitory polypeptide on insulin release in dogs. AB - Insulin release following intravenous administration of an amino acid solution with and without a simultaneous infusion of varying amounts of porcine gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) was studied in dogs. Group I received a 10-amino acid mixture (300 mosmol/kg iv) at 16.6 ml/min for 1 h; group II, amino acid mixture plus 0.5 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 porcine GIP; group III, amino acid mixture plus 1.0 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 of GIP; group IV (a and b) received either 0.5 or 1.0 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 of GIP alone. Compared to group I, groups II and III had a greater insulin response during the first 30 min of the infusion. Group] IV (a and b) showed no insulin release. Glucose concentrations showed no significant change in all groups. From these results, it is concluded that insulin release after intravenous infusion of an amino acid mixture plus GIP is greater than after amino acids or GIP alone. It appears that this effect is more pronounced in the early phase of insulin release. PMID- 7036754 TI - Regulation of alpha-ketoisocaproate binding to albumin in vivo by free fatty acids. AB - The importance of alpha-keto acid binding to plasma proteins was investigated both in vitro and in vivo using alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC), the alpha-keto acid of leucine. Gel chromatography indicated that 65% of the radioactivity comigrated with serum albumin. An ultrafiltration assay was developed to estimate the percentage of free and bound KIC. These percentages, along with total plasma KIC concentrations, were used to calculate the circulating concentrations of free and bound KIC. KIC or free fatty acids (FFA) displaced [14C]KIC bound to bovine albumin or whole plasma. KIC was totally displaced from plasma proteins by 10 mM oleate, stearate, and myristate; whereas the alpha-keto acids of isoleucine and value were 50 and 85%, respectively, as effective as KIC. To determine whether increased plasma FFA concentrations alter the binding of KIC to plasma proteins in vivo, five postabsorptive humans were infused with triglyceride and heparin during the simultaneous administration of somatostatin, glucagon, and insulin. During the FFA elevation, plasma leucine decreased by 9% (P less than 0.02). Total plasma KIC remained constant, whereas free KIC increased (P less than 0.02) and bound KIC decreased (P less than 0.001). These results indicate that KIC is bound to plasma albumin in vivo and suggests that FFA, by altering circulating free KIC concentrations, may influence protein metabolism in man. PMID- 7036755 TI - Acute inhibition of renin release during left circumflex coronary occlusion in dogs. AB - We examined the reflex effect of brief left circumflex coronary artery occlusion (CAO) on renal blood flow (RBF) and renin secretion (RS). Studies were conducted in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized dogs maintained on a salt-free diet for at least 3 days. A snare was placed around the left circumflex artery near its origin. The left renal artery and vein were exposed via flank incision, a flow probe was placed around the artery, and a curved needle was inserted into the vein for collection of renal venous blood. Values of blood pressure (BP), RBF, and RS were obtained for a 30-min control period, 4 min after the completion of a 10-ml/kg hemorrhage, 1 and 5 min after CAO, and 15 min after reinfusion. The CAO consisted of two 1-min occlusions separated by a 1-min interval. The results indicate that CAO reflexively inhibits the RS response to nonhypotensive hemorrhage and prevents renal vasoconstriction (P less than 0.05, n = 7). Both effects were completely abolished after vagotomy (n = 5). Renal denervation also abolished the response (n = 5). No response was observed during identical time controls (n = 5). The response was more pronounced in dogs with carotid sinus denervation, even though CAO resulted in marked reductions in BP (20%) under these conditions. These results demonstrate the presence of a cardiorenal reflex that can be activated by myocardial hypoxia and that acutely suppresses RS. This response is more pronounced in the absence of carotid sinus buffering. PMID- 7036756 TI - Shivering thermogenesis and glucose uptake by muscles of normal or diabetic rats. AB - Acute cold exposure of normal rats (4 degrees C for 24 h) increased food intake, reduced plasma glucose and liver glycogen, caused a small increase in plasma free fatty acids, and lowered serum insulin concentration by 50%. In fasted rats, cold raised fatty acid levels twice as high as in fed. In mild diabetes (40 mg/kg streptozotocin iv) cold reduced glucose levels in blood and urine, but in severe diabetes (90 mg/kg) cold aggravated hyperglycemia and ketonuria. Changes in muscle glucose utilization were also studied, after evisceration (functional hepatectomy) of rats from each group. Uptake was calculated from the fall in plasma glucose concentration during the 4-h period after a load of 50% glucose iv. Cold normally increased uptake 67%, but it failed to do so in fasted rats. In diabetic rats, cold enhanced uptake, but only if the disease were mild or insulin controlled. Sensitivity of uptake to insulin was unaffected by cold. The results suggest that shivering thermogenesis, like exercise, can promote glucose uptake by skeletal muscle, if enough insulin is present to prevent excess mobilization of lipid substrates. PMID- 7036757 TI - Absence of endotoxin fever but not prostaglandin E2 fever in the Brattleboro rat. AB - Changes in colonic temperature following intracerebroventricular injection (icv) of bacterial endotoxin or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured in Long-Evans (LE) and Brattleboro (DI) rats. Indwelling cannulas were implanted into the brains of rats for subsequent microinjection into a lateral cerebral ventricle. Microinjection of 1 microgram of bacterial endotoxin into a lateral cerebral ventricle produced a fever in the LE rat but not in the DI rat. Daily injections of 1 microgram of endotoxin icv in the DI rat did not result in a fever. Intraperitoneal injections of 50 micrograms of bacterial endotoxin resulted in a fever in the LE rat, but the DI rat showed no such response. Both groups of animals did produce a fever in response to icv administration of 200 ng of PGE2. The lack of arginine vasopressin in the DI rat may be related to the animal's failure to show a febrile response to endotoxin. PMID- 7036758 TI - Amygdaloid lesions impair ingestive responses to 2-deoxy-D-glucose but not insulin. AB - Bilateral lesions of the amygdala in male rats impaired the feeding response to 2 deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG; 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). During the first 3 h postinjection, control rats displayed a dose-related increase in both food and water consumption. Rats with amygdaloid lesions did not respond to 2-DG until the 3rd h postinjection, when only the two largest doses significantly increased food consumption. Their water intake remained unaffected throughout the 3-h postinjection period. During the 4th-24th h post-2-DG administration, both groups displayed a dose-related suppression of food and water intake. Following insulin (10 U/kg), amygdaloid and control animals were indistinguishable: both groups showed a significant short-term increase in food and water intake followed by a reduction in intakes during the 4th-24th h. Central visceral pathways that are important for the ingestive responses to 2-DG may be interrupted by amygdaloid lesions. However, pathways responsible for the ingestive behavior induced by insulin appear unaffected by damage to the amygdala. PMID- 7036759 TI - Mechanism of captopril-induced drinking. AB - Captopril (SQ 14,225), an orally active angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, increased drinking and produced water diuresis in rats when given orally at a dose of 100 mg.kg-1.day-1. Chronic intraperitoneal infusion of angiotensin (ANG) II or the ANG II antagonist [Sar1, Ile8]ANG II abolished this response. Intracerebroventricular (icv) captopril infused chronically reduced the dipsogenic response to oral captopril. [Sar1, Ile8]ANG II (icv) was without effect on captopril-induced drinking. These results suggest that drinking produced by chronic oral treatment of rats with captopril may be caused by the effects of the elevated ANG I concentrations achieved after blockade of ACE and stimulation of renin secretion by captopril. Systemic ANG II may reduce this response by decreasing renin secretion. Systemic [Sar1, Ile8]ANG II presumably blocks brain ANG receptors for blood-borne ANG. Since icv [Sar1, Ile8]ANG II is ineffective, the receptors for systemic and icv ANG appear to be distinct. Orally administered captopril does not diffuse into the brain. PMID- 7036760 TI - Overview: clinical and physiological comparison of meditation with other self control strategies. AB - In 1977 the American Psychiatric Association called for a critical examination of the clinical effectiveness of meditation. The author provides a review of the literature bearing on clinical and physiological comparisons of meditation with other self-control strategies. He begins by providing a definition of mediation and then cites the literature comparing mediation with such self-regulation strategies as biofeedback, hypnosis, and progressive relaxation. He pays particular attention to the "uniqueness" of mediation as a clinical intervention strategy a well as the adverse effects of meditation. Finally, he offers suggestions and guidelines for future research. PMID- 7036761 TI - Relationship between plasma antidepressant levels and clinical outcome for inpatients receiving imipramine. PMID- 7036762 TI - Physician shortage in Kentucky, 1930-1980. AB - Changes in the number and locations of Kentucky counties with a shortage of physicians (using current federal definitions of medical underservice) were examined for the decennial years 1930 to 1980. The number of counties with a physician shortage were found to have increased from four per cent in 1930 to 20 per cent in 1970 and 1980. The per cent of population in physician shortage counties was also found to have increased between 1930 and 1970, but to have declined slightly by 1980. Differences in the average population-to-physician ratios of Appalachian and non-Appalachian counties were significant for every year except 1980. PMID- 7036763 TI - Nutritional anemias in the English-speaking Caribbean: a review of the literature. AB - A review of the published literature on nutritional anemias in the English speaking Caribbean was carried out. Published articles on the subject are few in number and are concentrated in the larger islands such as Jamaica and Trinidad. Nutritional anemias are most prevalent among women of childbearing age. Iron and folate deficiencies and, to a much lesser extent, protein deficiency resulting from insufficient dietary intakes of these nutrients are the major nutritional factors contributing to this anemia. PMID- 7036764 TI - Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of acute malaria in children in Papua New Guinea. I. Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria is increasing in prevelance in Papua New Guinea and alternative therapies for acute malaria are being sought. A trial of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of acute falciparum malaria in children has been carried out in Madang, Papau New Guinea. Eighty-five children were treated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, either alone or in combination with a single 10 mg/kg dose of chloroquine. Of 78 children completing 28-days follow-up, treatment failures occurred in 15 (19.2%) and of these, 8 (10.3%), are believed to be sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistant; the others remain equivocal. There was no advantage in this study in combining a single dose of chloroquine with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine; indeed, this combination was associated with an increased incidence of vomiting. It is argued that sulfadoxine pyrimethamine should not become the standard presumptive treatment for acute malaria in Papua New Guinea. PMID- 7036766 TI - A longitudinal study of malaria antibodies in a Malaysian population. I. Group responses. AB - The indirect hemagglutination test was used to measure malaria antibody levels in residents of an endemic area of Malaysia. Blood specimens were collected at 4 week intervals for a year. Seropositivity rates increased with age and number of episodes of malaria in young children. Although antibody levels were variable, titers tended to rise with parasitemia and fall in the absence of detected parasites. In general, the serologic indices tended to reflect the parasitologic findings. PMID- 7036765 TI - Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of acute malaria in children of Papua New Guinea. II. Plasmodium vivax. AB - In Papua New Guinea, Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax are common causes of acute malaria in children and P. malariae an uncommon cause. The increasing prevelance of chloroquine-resistant strains of P. falciparum in Papua New Guinea has prompted the search for alternatives to chloroquine as standard presumptive treatment. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, either alone or in combination with a single dose of chloroquine, was compared with chloroquine alone for treatment of acute vivax malaria in children in Madang. Fever resolution was slowest in the group treated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine alone, and time to clearance of parasitemia was significantly longer in this group (P less than 0.001). Where possible, species identification should be undertaken in acute malaria and cases of P. vivax treated with chloroquine. PMID- 7036767 TI - Quartan malaria following splenectomy 36 years after infection. AB - Quartan malaria developed following splenectomy 36 years after infection in a 63 year-old hypertensive man. The patient underwent nephrectomy because of left renal calculus, increasing proteinuria and hypertension. Splenectomy was done additionally because metastasis of renal tumor to the spleen was suspected at the operation. Attention is drawn to the long silent infection with Plasmodium malariae and to the importance of the spleen in malaria. PMID- 7036768 TI - Culicoides variipennis, a laboratory vector for the amazon form of Mansonella ozzardi. AB - The colonized midge, Culicoides variipennis, is shown to be a competent laboratory host for the Amazon form of Mansonella ozzardi. It raises the possibility that certain Culicoides spp. in the Amazon region may support development of the parasite and possibly play a role in the natural transmission cycle. PMID- 7036769 TI - A longitudinal study of malaria antibodies in a Malaysian population. II. Follow up of individuals. AB - A cohort of 62 persons living in a malaria-endemic area was examined by serology and by blood film 14 times over a 56-week period. Serologic responses (indirect hemagglutination test) of the group as a whole reflected the malaria transmission as determined by blood slide examination. The serologic responses of individuals showed titer changes that were not always consistent with blood slide results. The use of chloroquine may have modified the host's immune response. PMID- 7036770 TI - Experimental production of EVI antibodies. AB - The production of an antibody which reacts with endocardium, blood vessels, and cardiac interstitial tissue (EVI factor) was experimentally obtained in rabbits immunized either with heterologous heart crude antigen, Trypanosoma cruzi antigen, a mixture of heart and T. cruzi antigens, kidney antigen or lung antigen, and complete Freund's adjuvant. Immunization lasted 2 months, with multiple subcutaneous and foot pad injections being made every 15th day. Preimmunization serum from each animal was used as normal control serum. Rabbit sera were tested by indirect immunofluorescence against mouse heart and skeletal muscle unfixed cryostat sections and revealed by fluoresceinated anti-rabbit globulin diluted 1:80. The highest titers appeared with anti-heart sera (1:192) and with anti-heart/T. cruzi sera (1:96). Incorporation of T. cruzi antigen in heart extract did not increase EVI antibody titers. It is suggested that the EVI factor is an antibody to many antigenic determinants, the majority of which are present in the heart and some of which cross-react with T. cruzi. PMID- 7036771 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism and endocrine function in the pancreas remnant after major pancreatic resection. AB - Changes in glucose tolerance, in secretion of pancreatic hormones and in the islets of the pancreas were investigated after major resection of the pancreas in dogs to elucidate the pathophysiologic features of carbohydrate metabolism and the difference in the amount of insulin required in diabetes after total and partial pancreatectomy. In diabetes after 90 percent or more pancreatectomy, both insulin secretion and the function of the anti-insulin system decreased, associated with degeneration of the islet B, A, and D cells. The required insulin amount was similar to that needed after total pancreatectomy. Diabetes developed more than 6 weeks after 70 to 90 percent pancreatectomy, and insulin secretion decreased but the function of the anti-insulin system was accentuated with an increase in plasma glucagon levels, associated with degeneration in B cells but not in A and D cells. The amount of insulin required was 3 to 4 times greater than that needed after total pancreatectomy. PMID- 7036772 TI - Single-dose intrarectal metronidazole prophylaxis against wound infection after appendectomy. PMID- 7036773 TI - Historical review of the San Francisco Surgical Society. PMID- 7036774 TI - Psychopharmacotherapy of anxiety in the first years of life. PMID- 7036775 TI - Anxiety and placebo reaction in neurotic patients. PMID- 7036776 TI - [Medicine in Florence during the reign of the Medici: 1440-1748]. PMID- 7036777 TI - New developments in surgical pathology: III. Immunocytochemistry. PMID- 7036778 TI - Tumor-directed immunity in neuroblastoma patients and their related and unrelated contacts. AB - Tumor-directed cell-mediated and humoral immunity were assessed in vitro in neuroblastoma (NB) patients, and also in their relatives and genetically unrelated contacts, using the one-stage, direct, capillary leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) test and the indirect, membrane, immunofluorescence test (IFT), respectively. Leukocytes from 83% and sera from 50% of NB patients examined were selectively reactive with NB cells, and materials derived from them. Genetically unrelated contacts as well as relatives of NB patients showed NB-directed immunity, the frequency of which increased with increasing closeness of contact with these patients. These findings suggest that the environment of NB patients may contain some tumor-derived material which induces detectable sensitization in those sharing that environment. Such tumor-derived material would appear to have a high degree of infectivity, low degree of oncogenicity, and probably also a low general pathogenicity. PMID- 7036779 TI - Cyclic neutropenia. Review of clinical manifestations and management. AB - Human cyclic neutropenia probably represents a rare group of heterogeneous disorders. The disorder most frequently starts in infancy or childhood. During the neutropenic episodes, the most common symptoms are fever and oral ulceration. However, dental and skin manifestations are frequent and require special attention. While the disease is usually benign and the symptoms may ameliorate as the patient grows older, 15 deaths related to neutropenia have been recorded. While many modalities of treatment have been suggested, none have proved to be universally efficacious. Study of cyclic neutropenia may provide insight into the normal control of granulopoiesis and into the genesis of biological rhythms. PMID- 7036780 TI - Marrow transplantation in the treatment of acute childhood leukemia. Historical development and current approaches. AB - The history of the development of marrow transplantation as a therapy for acute leukemia in childhood is reviewed together with the lessons learned from the first 110 patients transplanted for leukemia at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the Children's Orthopedic Hospital and Medical Center. This has led to the current approach which is to transplant patients earlier in remission but when their prognosis is poor. Recent results for marrow transplants in acute lymphoblastic and acute nonlymphocytic leukemias performed during remission are discussed. PMID- 7036781 TI - Immunotherapy in acute leukemias. Possible applications in children. AB - The role of immunotherapy in maintenance of remission in children with acute leukemias is briefly reviewed. With few exceptions, the bulk of clinical trials of immunotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia have failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect. Immunotherapy trials for acute myelogenous leukemia mainly have involved adults. Though the results of many studies are incomplete or inconclusive, an increased median survival time has been frequently observed. The mechanisms of action remain obscure. However, further immunotherapy trials in children with acute myelogenous leukemia may be a reasonable alternative, in view of the generally poor long-term results with conventional chemotherapy. PMID- 7036782 TI - Bone marrow cultures in acute leukemia of childhood. AB - The technique of bone marrow cultures has been shown to be of value in childhood acute leukemia. It now appears that acute myelogenous leukemia may be due to defective maturation of normal progenitor cells. The pattern of growth of these cells has been demonstrated to be of prognostic value. In contrast, the growth of normal progenitor cells from the bone marrow cultures of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) may be due to the few remaining normal cells. The cause of granulocytopenia in childhood ALL is still unclear. PMID- 7036783 TI - Clinical implications of cytogenetic abnormalities in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - Banding techniques have been applied to the study of the karyotypic alterations associated with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). These studies have identified nonrandom changes which preferentially involve certain chromosomal elements. Correlation of these chromosomal aberrations with the clinical ahd hematological findings indicates the existence of clinicocytogenetic syndromes. These patients exhibit specific chromosomal alterations with a well-defined hematological picture and clinical behavior. In this article the clinical implications of the various types of specific chromosomal abnormalities seen in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, as found in our laboratory and as reported in the literature, are reviewed and discussed. PMID- 7036784 TI - Membrane alterations in lymphocyte proliferation. AB - The production of antibody or cell-mediated immunity to foreign antigens requires interaction with the requisite B- or T-lymphocytes. When human lymphocytes encounter antigens or plant lectins, they undergo a series of changes which ultimately result in lymphocyte proliferation and an appropriate immunologic response. Antigens or lectins first attach to specific receptors on the lymphocyte membrane. This attachment is followed by changes in membrane permeability and transport of various nutrients and cations. Some of these changes, such as the increase in the transport of sodium and potassium, are adaptive, maintain the internal cation environment, and permit mitogenesis to proceed. Others such as changes in calcium metabolism appear regulatory rather than adaptive and are closely linked with initiation of proliferation and immunologic response. The lymphocyte, like other mammalian cells, maintains a very low free internal calcium concentration. Changes in internal ionized calcium can regulate secretion, contraction, and cell proliferation. The mechanism of calcium regulation is currently under investigation. Calcium may interact directly with cellular enzymes or regulate lymphocyte metabolism in conjunction with a regulatory calcium binding (modulator) protein, "calmodulin". PMID- 7036785 TI - [Antinuclear antibodies, complement and circulating immune complexes in scleroderma]. PMID- 7036786 TI - [Renal transplant]. PMID- 7036787 TI - [The presence of immunologic deposits in focal tonsillitis]. PMID- 7036788 TI - [Jose Luis Garca-Ibanez y Ferrandiz 1938-1981]. PMID- 7036789 TI - [French contributions to tonsillectomy]. PMID- 7036790 TI - [Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Martin]. PMID- 7036791 TI - [Hundred cases of general anesthesia for laryngoscopy and/or bronchoscopy, in children under five years age (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe an anesthetic technique used for endoscopies (laryngo tracheo-bronchoscopies) in 100 children under five years age. Three different apparatus for jet ventilation are used: manual injection, automatic injection and high frequency positive pressure ventilation. The first apparatus is home made. It allows control of insufflation of O2 by manual compression of a gun type injector. With the second one (Wolf injectomat), injection of O2 or O2/N2O is automatic. The aga bronchovent is used for high frequency positive ventilation with O2. PMID- 7036792 TI - [Artificial ventilation in newborn and infant during anaesthesia and intensive care. Special indications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036793 TI - [Positive permanent pressure in spontaneous ventilation: proposition and results of an original system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036794 TI - [Management of unilateral or asymmetrical lung disease (author's transl)]. AB - To determine the indications of body position, continuous positive airway pressure and independent lung ventilation in unilateral lung disease, we turned 10 patients with overwhelming unilateral lung disease from supine to lateral position. All patients were breathing spontaneously with a mask, then associated with continuous airway pressure (10 cm H2O PEEP) in five cases. During these spontaneous ventilation methods, hemodynamic parameters did not change, but arterial blood oxygen tension increased and intra-pulmonary shunting decreased significantly. Final recovery was obtained in 7 cases. In the 3 others, mechanical ventilation was needed because spontaneous breathing methods were ineffective in improving blood gases. Lateral position and conventional ventilation with positive airway pressure were also ineffective. Only independent ventilation enhanced arterial blood oxygen tension. But only one patient survived. We conclude that spontaneous breathing methods are able to provide successful treatment in most of patients with unilateral lung disease. In other patients, only independent lung ventilation is effective. PMID- 7036795 TI - [Consequences of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on left ventricular function. Assessment by M-mode echocardiography (author's transl)]. AB - The consequences of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on left ventricular function are uncertain. Left ventricular function was assessed by M mode echocardiography in 8 young normal subjects during CPAP via face mask. Heart rate and arterial pressure did not change. End-diastolic volume and stroke volume significantly decreased. Ejection fraction remained unchanged. The slight decrease of stroke volume induced by increasing positive airway pressure is in relation to decreased left ventricular preload. PMID- 7036797 TI - One-lung ventilation: which lung should be PEEPed? PMID- 7036796 TI - [Practical realisation of continuous positive airway pressure in mobile care unit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036798 TI - Pulmonary oxygen exchange during endobronchial anesthesia: effect of tidal volume and PEEP. AB - To determine the effects of tidal volume (VT) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on pulmonary oxygen exchange during endobronchial (one-lung) anesthesia, the authors studied the effects of VT at 8 and 16 per cent total lung capacity (TLC), at zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP), and at 10 cmH2O PEEP in 16 patients in the lateral position. Anesthesia was maintained with halothane and oxygen. During two-lung ventilation (FIO2 0.99), mean PaO2 and physiologic shunt (Qs/Qt) were 421 +/- 12 mmHg and 0.22 +/- 0.02, respectively. During one-lung ventilation, PaO2 decreased and venous admixture (or Qs/Qt) increased in every patient. The magnitude of this decrease correlated directly with preoperative forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (r = 0.66, P less than 0.005). A VT of 16 per cent of TLC at ZEEP resulted in the highest mean PaO2 (210 +/- 30 mmHg) and lowest Qs/Qt (0.35 +/- 0.02), probably as a result of end-inspiratory alveolar recruitment with the least pulmonary blood flow redistribution. When 10 cmH2O PEEP was applied during 16 per cent TLC ventilation, mean PaO2 decreased from 210 +/- 35 to 162 +/- 25 mmHg (P less than 0.05). PEEP did not significantly affect PaO2 during 8 per cent TLC ventilation. At both levels of VT, PEEP reduced mean Qt by approximatley 10 per cent (P less than 0.01) and increased compliance (P less than 0.01). However, PEEP did not significantly affect mean Qs/Qt or mean arterial or pulmonary arterial pressures at either level of VT. There was considerable variation in PaO2 and Qs/Qt among patients. PMID- 7036799 TI - Lidocaine and bupivacaine mixtures for epidural blockade. AB - In a prospective double-blind clinical study, single-dose lumbar epidural blockade was instituted in 60 healthy patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to one of five groups. Each group received treatment with a different local anesthetic solution containing 1:200,000 epinephrine. Local anesthetic solutions used were 0.5 per cent bupivacaine HCl, 2 per cent lidocaine HCl, and lidocaine-bupivacaine mixtures in the ratios of 1:3, 1:1 or 3:1 by volume. Onset and complete spread of sensory blockade were similar in all five groups. Time to regression to two segments of partial and complete sensory blockade was positively correlated (P less than 0.05) with increasing dose of bupivacaine in the solutions and ranged from 84 min (partial) and 70 min (complete) for lidocaine, to 128 min (partial) and 101 min (complete) for bupivacaine. Using skin temperature as a criterion of sympathetic blockade, all three mixtures demonstrated a duration of action intermediate between the two single drugs, lidocaine (124 +/- 13 min) and bupivacaine (286 +/- 32 min). Onset of complete motor blockade was fastest and the degree of motor blockade was most profound with the mixture containing equal proportions of lidocaine and bupivacaine. Pharmacokinetics of individual drugs were unaltered in any of the mixtures. PMID- 7036800 TI - Does prophylactic lidocaine control cardiac arrhythmias associated with pulmonary artery catheterization? PMID- 7036802 TI - Enzyme activities in the dog: tissue analyses, plasma values, and intracellular distribution. AB - Activities of 14 enzymes were determined in psoas muscle, smooth muscle, diaphragm, heart, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, salivary glands, zygomatic gland, intestinal mucosa, subcellular fractions, and plasma of the dog. In pups, plasma activity of most enzymes was high, except iditol dehydrogenase (ID), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase (ALS). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ALS, cholinesterase (CHS), creatine kinase (CK), alpha hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and malate dehydrogenase (MD) decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) with increasing age, but in dogs greater than 7 months, all enzymes except CK, HBD, and ALT revealed reasonably constant plasma values. Enzymes ALT, GLD, CHS, and ID are specific for liver, CK and ALS for muscle, HBD to some degree for myocardium, and alpha-amylase for pancreas. The ALP and gamma-glutamyltransferase were located in microsomes, GLD in mitochondria, MD and AST in mitochondria and cytoplasm, and isocitric dehydrogenase, LD, and the other enzymes only in cytoplasm. PMID- 7036801 TI - Double-blind controlled clinical trial of ancrod for ischemic rest pain of the leg. AB - In a randomized double-blind trial, patients with ischemic rest pain of the leg received 8 days of treatment with intravenous injections of the defibrinating agent, ancrod (Arvin) or saline. Plasma fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, and blood viscosity were significantly reduced during ancrod therapy. After 27 patients had completed treatment, sequential analysis showed no preference for either therapy. In each group two-thirds of the patients claimed improvement in pain after treatment. There were no significant differences between treatment groups in analgesic consumption, Doppler systolic pressure ratio, or surgical intervention in the 6 months following treatment. We conclude that in patients with ischemic rest pain, ancrod therapy is not superior to placebo injections, and that the effect of placebo treatment is considerable. PMID- 7036803 TI - Interaction of blood-borne Escherichia coli with phagocytes of spleen and liver in turkeys. AB - The response of splenic and hepatic macrophages to blood-borne virulent and avirulent Escherichia coli was studied in 3-week-old turkeys. Bacterial titers in blood, spleen, and liver were determined for 20 minutes after IV injection of E coli. Spleen and liver were examined by light and electron microscopy. Blood titers of avirulent E coli were reduced to 1/3,000 of their original level in 20 minutes, whereas titers of virulent E coli were only slightly reduced. The E coli localized in macrophages of hepatic sinusoids and splenic reticular sheaths (ellipsoids). In liver, phagocytosis was more efficient for avirulent E coli than for virulent E coli. In splenic macrophages, phagosomal membranes were separated from ingested avirulent E coli by a prominent space, whereas phagosomal membranes surrounding virulent E coli were wavy and closely apposed to the bacterial surface. The appearance of phagosomes may reflect the capacity of splenic macrophages to kill intracellular E coli. Cultural and histopathologic results indicated that virulent E coli resisted trapping and killing by macrophages of spleen and liver. PMID- 7036804 TI - Preparation of resealed carrier erythrocytes and in vivo survival in dogs. AB - Canine carrier erythrocytes are prepared by dialysis to contain [14C]-sucrose. The procedure allows over 37% of the available sucrose to be encapsulated in the erythrocytes. Cell recovery from the dialysis procedure is greater than 80%. Carrier erythrocytes were prepared from 4 breeds of dogs in less than 2 hours. Although there were some animal-to-animal differences, breed differences were not noticeable in carrier cell preparation. The carrier or resealed erythrocytes contain ca 70% of their hemoglobin and when injected circulate with a half-life of 36 days. These carrier cells could thus serve as a drug delivery vehicle to provide circulating concentrations of encapsulated drug. PMID- 7036805 TI - Efficacy of ethylenediamine dihydrochloride in dogs and cats. AB - Ethylenediamine dihydrochloride was administered to dogs and cats with induced Escherichia coli urinary tract infections and to clinically normal dogs and cats to determine if the drug had diuretic, antibacterial, or urinary acidification properties. In dogs, the drug had no diuretic or antibacterial properties and did not modify the postprandial production of alkaline urine. In cats, the drug had no diuretic or antibacterial properties, but caused a slight reduction in urine pH when multiple doses were administered. Ethylenediamine dihydrochloride appeared to have no value in the treatment of E coli urinary infection under the conditions of the present study. PMID- 7036806 TI - Reversible detachment of blood-derived bovine macrophages by replacement of culture medium with phosphate-buffered saline solution. PMID- 7036807 TI - Goodwin Watson's 1940 conference. PMID- 7036808 TI - [Hyperinsulinism and peripheral resistance to insulin in a case of leprechaunism]. AB - The study of hydrocarbonated metabolism in a newly born affected by leprechaunism is presented. Glycemia throughout the day and with a diet rich in carbohydrates (80 g/day) fluctuated between hyperglycemic (295 mg/dl) and hypoglycemic (37 mg/dl) figures. When ingestion of carbohydrates was reduced to half and the intake fractioned these fluctuations dissappeared. After a glucose overdose (3 g/kg IV) insuline figures were permantely high (from 315 IV/ml to 251 IV/ml). Exogen insulin test (0,1 IU/kg IV) did not reduce glycemia to an improtant level (time 0: 187 mg/dl; time 60: 129 mg/dl). The administration of glucagon (0.3 mg/kg did not normally raise glycemia (35, 54, 31 and 41 mg/dl in times 0', 30', 60 and 120'). In the studied case existed an intolerance to diets rich in carbohydrates, hyperinsulinism and lack of response to insulin and glucagon. Insulino-resistance seems to be of the peripheral type because neither elevated figures of antagonists nor presence of antiinsulin antibodies were detected and the response to exogen insulin was diminished. The underdevelopment of these patients seems to depend upon the alterations of the hydrocarbonates metabolism and the simple improvement of it by means of dietetic measures seems to be of great therapeutic value. PMID- 7036809 TI - [Intraventricular amikacin in the treatment of meningoventriculitis caused by Gram-negative organisms]. PMID- 7036810 TI - Numerical evaluation of cytologic data. X. Introduction to multivariate analysis of variance. AB - Quantitative measurement on cytologic material usually involves several features for each cell. The data are thus multivariate and are represented as feature vectors. Analysis of variance on univariate data is well established for the detection of small differences between sets of data. For multivariate data, the calculating schemes are much less well known. They are presented in this paper in direct analogy to univariate procedures. The calculating schedule in a factorial design in bivariate data is demonstrated. PMID- 7036811 TI - Data analysis of two-parameter flow cytometric measurements. AB - A new procedure was developed to evaluate two-parameter flow cytometric data. These data usually show overlapping distributions of different subpopulations. To calculate the fractions of cells in the various subpopulations, the maximum likelihood method was used, which assumes a superimposition of Gaussian distributions in the histogram. The resolution quality was tested for both one parameter and two-parameter data using simulated histograms with two superimposed subpopulations. Comparison of this procedure to existing one-parameter evaluations methods, using the same original histograms, yielded satisfactory results. For the case of one parameter as well as for two parameters, the subpopulations were well separated if the distance between the mean values exceeded 2 sigma ; the total count and the proportions of the subpopulations were of minor influence. The evaluation procedure also worked well when applied to simulated two-parameter histograms, similar to DNA protein measurements of cultured cells. PMID- 7036812 TI - In-vivo acquisition of two different types of aminoglycoside resistance by a single strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae causing severe infection. AB - Multiple isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae obtained from a patient were of the same biotype and capsular type and had three common plasmids. Initially, three isolates (from blood) were susceptible to aminoglycosides. Three other isolates, obtained after gentamicin treatment was begun, were susceptible to amikacin but resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin, produced 2"-aminoglycoside adenylytransferase, and had acquired an R-factor. A later isolate, obtained after amikacin therapy was begun, was susceptible to gentamicin and tobramycin, resistant to amikacin, was a small-colony variant, produced no aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and no longer contained the R-factor. In-vitro protein synthesis by ribosomes from this isolate was inhibited by amikacin whereas uptake of amikacin was markedly less than with previous isolates. Thus, this case illustrates the apparent in-vivo acquisition of plasmid-mediated resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin followed by loss of the plasmid and development of amikacin resistance due to decreased aminoglycoside uptake. PMID- 7036813 TI - Pemphigus vulgaris of the esophagus. PMID- 7036814 TI - The medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - Primary hyperparathyroidism has become a relatively common endocrine disorder. Greater recognition of this disease has led to earlier detection. Consequently, primary hyperparathyroidism is now characterized frequently by asymptomatic mild hypercalcemia rather than by the more classical presentation with bone or renal involvement. Patients who have hypercalcemia and signs or symptoms should undergo neck surgery and removal of the abnormal parathyroid tissue. For the growing population of asymptomatic patients, however, indications for surgery are not as clear. The natural history of primary hyperparathyroidism is variable, and predicting who will develop complications of this disorder is not possible. Alternatives to surgery are careful and regular observation combined with various general and specific approaches currently receiving attention. Available information on the medical management of asymptomatic, mild primary hyperparathyroidism is summarized. PMID- 7036815 TI - Utility of the fluorescent antinuclear antibody test. PMID- 7036816 TI - Intravenous acyclovir to treat mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection after marrow transplantation: a double-blind trial. AB - Acyclovir, a new antiviral agent, was compared to a placebo in a randomized double-blind trial of treatment for culture-proven herpes simplex virus infection after marrow transplantation. Patients received either intravenous acyclovir at 750 mg/m2 body surface area per day or a placebo for 7 days. Thirteen of 17 patients given acyclovir had a beneficial response as compared with two of 17 given the placebo (p less than 0.01). The duration of positive cultures was shorter among acyclovir recipients (3 versus 17 days, p less than 0.00005). Also shorter were the median days to resolution of pain (10 versus 16 days, p = 0.03), to crusting of lesions (7 versus 14 days, p = 0.01), and to total healing (14 versus 28 days, p = 0.03). No acyclovir toxicity was observed. Recurrent infection was common. Acyclovir provided significant antiviral and clinical efficacy without toxicity in highly immunosuppressed patients but had no effect on virus latency. PMID- 7036817 TI - Disopyramide. AB - Since disopyramide was introduced 5 years ago, the therapeutic spectrum of this drug in treating patients with ventricular and atrial arrhythmias has been found to be similar to that of the other type I antiarrhythmic drugs, quinidine and procainamide. Disopyramide has the potential to suppress sinus node function and, therefore, must be used cautiously in patients with the sick sinus syndrome. The available data indicate that it can be used safely in patients with bundle branch block and first-degree or type I second-degree atrioventricular block. Disopyramide has been found at times to precipitate ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Because this drug often causes decompensation in patients with congestive heart failure, it must be used very cautiously, if at all, in such patients. PMID- 7036818 TI - Sir Arbuthnot Lane, chronic intestinal stasis, and autointoxication. AB - In the early 1900s, a theory that constipation (stasis) led to systemic dysfunction became popular, Sir Arbuthnot Lane was largely responsible for the popularity of this theory, which was constructed entirely on unfounded hypotheses. As a result, colon bypass or colectomy was done for indications ranging from lassitude to epilepsy. The theory was accepted--although disputed- until the clinical futility of radical surgery was recognized. The favorable acceptance of stasis in its time exemplifies the dangers of medical practice by hypothesis. PMID- 7036819 TI - Acyclovir reaches clinical trial. PMID- 7036820 TI - A library for internists IV. Recommended by the American College of Physicians. PMID- 7036821 TI - [Langfelt's concept of schizophrenia]. PMID- 7036822 TI - Alkaline phosphatase from Nocardia asteroides. AB - Intracellular alkaline phosphatase (Apase) produced during growth of Nocardia asteroides in dephosphated nutrient broth supplemented with 1% glucose and some properties of the purified enzyme were studied. Filamentous cells of N. asteroides synthetized the Apase in high yields (7.0 x 10(3) units/mg cell protein) during exponential growth phase. The intracellular level dropped drastically and the extracellular amounts increased during stationary phase, probably due to the loss of the enzyme in the medium because of the fragmentation of the filamentous cells into rod-like and spherical forms and/or due to cell lysis. The purified enzyme showed typical Apase activity with optimal pH at 10 and optimal temperature at 37 degrees C. The Km of the enzyme for p-nitrophenyl phosphate was close to the value reported for Apase from other sources. Other properties of the enzyme which resembled those from other species included respectively the uncompetitive, non-competitive and competitive inhibition of L phenylalanine, urea and inorganic phosphate. The effect of these compounds on the enzyme may be useful in the regulation of Apase activity in vivo and hence may play a vitalrole during morpho genesis of N. asteroides. PMID- 7036823 TI - [Theoretical model of the predator-prey interaction kinetics between "Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus" and "escherichia coli" (author's transl)]. AB - A theoretical model is suggested in order to explain the main features of the interaction kinetics between the micropredator Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and its prey Escherichia coli. Three parametes are used in this model: the incubation time T, the fixation rate constant k, and the predator multiplication factor a. Their values can be determined from the experimental variations of the total predator concentration p, and the total density of preys (c + c'). An experimental study of the predation kinetics was performed at various temperatures (25-40 degrees C) and in media with different Ca++ and Mg++ concentrations. From the values of parameters obtained, theoretical prey and predator density curves were computer-simulated; they agree satisfactorily with the experimental curves. The parameters values are quite reasonable and in good agreement with previous findings. PMID- 7036824 TI - [Isolation and characterization of the three first strains of "Legionella pneumophila" found in France (author's transl)]. AB - The technical methods of culture and identification of the three first strains isolated in France of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, are described. In two patients, bacilli were seen by the direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) method, either during the course of the disease (case 1) or at postmortem examination (case 3). The causal strain was cultivated after guinea-pig inoculation or directly from either bronchial aspirate or postmortem lung. Identification of L. pneumophila required the determination of metabolic characteristics, DFA characterization and cellular-fatty acids analysis (by gas-liquid chromatography). In the three cases, a significant seroconversion was detected by indirect fluorescent antibody test. The relative value of the differnt methods of diagnostic methos is discussed and the importance of strain isolation is emphasized. PMID- 7036825 TI - Reduction of the aerobic Gram negative bacterial flora of the gastro-intestinal tract and prevention of traveller's diarrhea using oral erythromycin. AB - Traveller's diarrhea is mostly due to aerobic Gram-negative bacterial species, especially enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Until today no fully satisfactory prophylactic regimen has been designed. We have previously reported that erythromycin can eliminate Enterbacteriaceae from the human faecal flora during several weeks without recolonization by highly resistant Gram-negative aerobic organisms. This effect has been reproduced in 17 out of 18 volunteers taking 1, 2 or 3 g per day of oral erythromycin base during 5 days. This effect is due to the very high faecal concentrations of the antibiotic (2,000-4,000 micrograms/g) compared to the MIC of erythromycin on aerobic Gram-negative species (10-500 micrograms/ml). MIC of erythromycin on bacterial species which cause traveller's diarrhea are within the same range. These considerations led us to perform a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of 1 g daily intake of erythromycin base in preventing traveller's diarrhea. Fourty eight US citizens travelling to Acapulco (Mexico) were enrolled in the study. Mean duration stay was 5.87 days. Seven out of 24 subjects of the placbo group experienced diarrhea and non (p=0.0047) in the treated group. Study should be undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of oral erythromycin in preventing traveller's diarrhea in other parts of the world. PMID- 7036826 TI - Scanning electron microscopic studies of spreading and non-spreading type colonies of Mycobacterium bovis (BCG). PMID- 7036829 TI - Oriental blepharoplasty--a critical review of technique and potential hazards. PMID- 7036827 TI - [Results of surgical repair of isolated coarctation of the aorta during the first six months of life. Surgical experience with forty-six patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036828 TI - [B Streptococcus agalactiae infection in neonates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036830 TI - Catheter treatment of arterial hypertension in dialysis patients or patients with transplanted kidneys. PMID- 7036831 TI - [Blunt traumatic ruptures of the cardiac chambers. Review of the literature and report of a case of rupture of the right ventricle successfully treated (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036832 TI - [Alcohol and the heart (author's transl)]. PMID- 7036833 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic and anti-anginal properties of amiodarone in ambulatory therapy]. PMID- 7036834 TI - [Nerve regeneration. Experimental study in the dog, of 3 technics for nerve sutures]. PMID- 7036835 TI - New concepts on the acute leukaemias: morphology, classification, cell biology, chemotherapy, supportive care, immunotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. AB - The advances in chemotherapy, understanding of leukaemia cell biology and supportive care for acute leukaemia patients offer substantial prospect for cure in the future. Intensive treatment of acute leukaemia requires the resources of specialised unites for support of bone marrow failure. Where possible, patients should be referred to such units for diagnostic classification and intensive remission induction therapy. The understanding of leukaemia cell biology and the detection of colony stimulating activity in normal granulocytes and marrow has helped in predicting early relapses in leukaemia patients. Allogeneic sibling bone marrow transplantation for patients in remission offers a 70% chance of 3 years survival and disease-free state compared to 10% survival for the non grafted patients treated on maintenance chemotherapy alone. Current evidence suggests that such transplanted patients do not require long term chemotherapy or anti-G.V.H. treated now that the problem of graft-versus-host disease in transplant recipients appears to be overcome by the use of Cyclosporin A. PMID- 7036836 TI - Blood glucose control and diabetic microangiopathy. AB - There is overwhelming evidence that the microangiopathy complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) of diabetes can be minimised, prevented or improved by optimal blood glucose control. There is little evidence to show otherwise. This paper reviews evidences to demonstrate that poor diabetic control predisposes to diabetic microangiopathy. The only way to minimise diabetic microangiopathy is to avoid hyper glycaemia and achieve euglycaemia for most part of the day. In doing so, the dangers of hypoglycaemia must be clearly recognized and avoided. PMID- 7036837 TI - The New York Academy of Dentistry. Fellowship list, 1980--81. PMID- 7036838 TI - Chromium (III) metabolism by the kidney. AB - The kidney is the principal route of excretion of the essential trace element chromium. Previous studies suggest that five to 40 percent of plasma chromium (III) is ultrafilterable and that 60 to 95 percent of filtered chromium is reabsorbed in the renal tubule. However, less than five percent of a stable Cr (III)-EDTA chelate is reabsorbed; therefore, this complex has been used to measure glomerular filtration. An increased fractional excretion of chromium may result from a glucose challenge or from a volume diuresis. These mechanisms have been postulated to cause an increased urinary excretion of chromium in patients with diabetes mellitus. Investigations of chromium metabolism and excretion must be interpreted with caution because chromium analysis is known to be subject to many sources of error and chromium (III) salts may not be physiologically equivalent to biological chromium complexes. Analytical refinements should permit further delineation of normal chromium homeostatic mechanisms and allow better identification of abnormalities in chromium metabolism. PMID- 7036839 TI - Gold nephropathy. AB - The early use of gold in medicine and dentistry dates back to the ancient Chinese and Egyptians. The discovery in 1890 that gold salts were toxic in vitro to tubercle bacilli led to the extensive treatment of tuberculosis with gold salts in the first three decades of this century. Eventually, gold therapy was extended to arthritis and lupus erythematosus, because of the belief that these diseases were forms of tuberculosis. Because of its beneficial effect particularly on active rheumatoid arthritis, chrysotherapy has remained one of the most widely used treatments of rheumatoid arthritis for the past half century. Toxicity of gold salts includes hypersensitivity reaction of skin and mucous membranes, bone marrow depression, and nephrotoxicity. The nephrotoxic clinical manifestations are renal insufficiency, proteinuria and hematuria, and the nephrotic syndrome. The pathologic changes are tubular degeneration, acute tubular necrosis or immune complex glomerulonephritis. The justification that any of these possible changes are the result of gold therapy rests clinically upon the time relationship of gold therapy and the renal symptoms, and pathologically upon the presence of gold inclusions (aurosomes) in proximal tubular epithelial cells. Aurosomes can at times be visualized by light microscopy, are usually seen by electron microscopy, and can be identified by microprobe analysis. Their pathology will be illustrated and pathogenic mechanisms discussed. PMID- 7036840 TI - Evaluation of a bioassay method for serum amikacin concentrations. AB - The bioassay system from American Diagnostic for amikacin was compared to the same company's radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique used in this hospital. The bioassay is performed by adding serum from a patient to wells cut in agar which have been seeded with a susceptible fast growing microorganism (Enterobacter). After incubation of five hours at 37 degrees, the zones of inhibition for four standards are measured and plotted. The amount of amikacin in the serum sample is then determined from the linear graph. Ten replicates of a serum with 8 microgram per ml of amikacin and 10 replicates of a serum with 20 microgram per ml of amikacin were assayed on each of four days. Aliquots of the same samples were assayed in a similar manner by RIA. The coefficients of variation (CVs) of the within run assays by the bioassay and RIA methods for the low amikacin test sample ranged from 4.7 to 7.2 percent and 6.2 to 13.0 percent, respectively. The within run CVs for the high amikacin test sample for the bioassay and RIA methods ranged from 5.2 to 6.9 percent and 5.0 to 13.9 percent, respectively. The day to day and overall CVs for the bioassay and RIA methods for the low amikacin test sample were 1.5 and 5.8 percent and 7.4 and 11.8 percent, respectively. For the high amikacin test sample, they were 0.4 and 6.0 percent and 4.0 and 9.6 percent, respectively. The correlation coefficient for 49 sera from patients on amikacin was 94 percent between the two methods. PMID- 7036841 TI - [Plasmodium falciparum malaria and sickle cell gene in the popular Republic of Congo. I. Relationship between parasitemia and sicke cell trait in Djoumouna (region of Brazzaville) (author's transl)]. AB - The relationship between sickle cell trait and falciparum malaria was studied in the village of Djoumouna, twenty kilometers south west of Brazzaville. Malaria is characterized by a stable high intensity of transmission on the average one infective mosquito bite by night and by child contrasting with a relatively low malarial infection rate. The prevalence of carriers of an S gene (AS) does not change with age: 22.2% for children under 5 years, 22.1% for childrern between 5 and 15 years, and 22.9% in adults. Malarial infection rates are 32% in homozygous AA children under five years and 38% in AS children, an insignificant difference. Our data for this region of the Congo fail to confirm the hypothesis that the AS genotype protects the carrier against Plasmodium falciparum infection. PMID- 7036842 TI - [Heterochromatin]. PMID- 7036843 TI - Interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 2: case report and review of literature. PMID- 7036844 TI - [Characterization of the suppressor factor produced in the spleen of dengue virus infected mice]. AB - The presence of a suppressor factor (SF) has been demonstrated in the homogenate of the spleen of dengue type 2 virus (DV)-infected mice which an adoptive intravenous (i. v.) transfer-suppressed DV-specific IgM-PFC in the spleen of recipient mice. The SF has been separated by prolonged agarose-gel electrophoresis from the DV-infected mice spleen homogenate. SF is highly potent, heat-labile, trypsin-resistant and unstable at acidic and alkaline pH. It is a low molecular weight substance which is dialysable and is not sedimented on ultracentrifugation. PMID- 7036845 TI - Cellular responses of the mouse to the peptidoglycan of a gram-positive bacterium (Streptococcus pyogenes). AB - The cellular responses and the stimulation of the reticulo-macrophagic system induced in the mouse by a purified bacterial peptidoglycan (PGL) as previously described, were studied by the changes in the peritoneal cytology, the macrophage migration-inhibition test and the clearance of colloidal carbon. PGL was submitted to chemical and immunochemical characterization and was shown to be substantially free of contamination by polysaccharides, phospholipids, teichoic acid and nucleic acids, but to contain a detectable amount of peptide contaminants; N-acetylglucosamine and the tetrapeptide (with terminal D-alanine) were shown to be the main antigenic determinants. This substance had no action on polymorphonuclear leucocytes but induced an inhibition of the migration of macrophages. This was due to an immunological reaction rather than to direct cytotoxicity, as shown by the negative cytotoxicity tests and the age and life environment-dependence of the phenomenon. The reticulomacrophagic system was significantly stimulated after primary inoculation, and still more so after a booster. The possible mechanisms of these activities, which are therefore independent from toxic and/or inflammatory responses, are discussed. PMID- 7036846 TI - Neurosyphilis: intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal antibodies to Treponema pallidum. AB - Oligoclonal IgG was present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of each of three patients with neurosyphilis studied. Conventional serological tests disclosed reduced serum/CSF ratios of antibodies to Treponema pallidum (TP) in each patient, consistent with intrathecal production of treponemal antibodies. Antibody analyses of electrofocused specimens by an immunofixation technique disclosed intrathecal production of oligoclonal TP antibodies in all patients. Treponemal antibody light chains showed a close correlation with the light chains of the oligoclonal CSF IgG. Absorption of the CSF with TP caused removal of the oligoclonal IgG. The results provide strong evidence that the oligoclonal CSF IgG in neurosyphilis represents TP antibodies, reflecting a specific immune response in the central nervous system to the infectious agent. PMID- 7036847 TI - Chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol. PMID- 7036848 TI - Pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim and tetroxoprim. A review. PMID- 7036849 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of sulphonamides and their N4-acetyl derivatives. PMID- 7036850 TI - [Dicloxacillin the treatment of suppurative inflammatory processes at various sites]. AB - The efficacy of sodium dicloxacillin was studied in the treatment of pyo inflammatory diseases, such as pneumonia, pyothorax, pulmonary abscess, osteomyelitis, burn disease, infections of the skin and soft tissues and others, caused by multiresistant staphylococci and other organisms sensitive to the antibiotic. The drug was effective both orally or parenterally. Satisfactory results were observed in more than 80 per cent of the patients (children and adults). It was well tolerated by the patients. PMID- 7036851 TI - [Increased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy with adaptogens in dysentery and Proteus infection in children]. AB - The course of the disease and the host immunological reactivity (IgA, IgM, IgG, CPhI, IgG and IgM antibody titers in the HIT, blood bactericidic properties) were studied in 258 children aged 0 to 14 year suffering from acute dysentery caused by Shigella sonnei and flexneri and enterocolitis of the Proteus etiology. 157 patients were treated with monomycin and kanamycin in combination with adaptogens, such as Eleuterococcus and Echinopanax elatum Nakai L. and 101 patients were treated with the antibiotics alone. It was shown that the use of the adaptogens decreased the periods of the diseases. It is concluded that adaptogens increase the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in children with dysentery and Proteus infection. PMID- 7036852 TI - Observations and perspectives related to subcortical procedures. PMID- 7036853 TI - Programmed stimulation for control of chronic pain and motor diseases. PMID- 7036854 TI - Involuntary movements. Part II of the proceedings of the 8th meeting of the World Society and the 5th meeting of the European Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. Zurich, July 9-11, 1981. PMID- 7036856 TI - Investigation of the surgical target for alleviation of involuntary movement disorders. PMID- 7036855 TI - Treatment of hemihyperkinesias by stereotactic operations on basal ganglia. PMID- 7036857 TI - Vim thalamotomy for the treatment of various kinds of tremor. PMID- 7036858 TI - Quantitative assessment of stereotactic and functional neurosurgery. PMID- 7036859 TI - Stereotactic thalamotomy for postapoplectic and posttraumatic involuntary movements. PMID- 7036860 TI - Postoperative and long-term results after stereotactic operations for action myoclonia in cases of encephalomyelitis disseminata. PMID- 7036861 TI - Stereotactic surgery of abnormal movements: clinical results in 33 cerebral palsy patients. PMID- 7036862 TI - Technical advances. Part III of the proceedings of the 8th meeting of the World Society and the 5th meeting of the European Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. Zurich, July 9-11, 1981. PMID- 7036863 TI - The Shelden CT-based microneurosurgical stereotactic system: its application to CNS pathology. PMID- 7036864 TI - Direct calculation of stereotactic coordinates from CT scans. PMID- 7036865 TI - A universal method to employ CT scanner spatial information in stereotactic surgery. PMID- 7036866 TI - Digital radiography in stereotactic and functional neurosurgery. PMID- 7036868 TI - Considerations for a CT-directed stereotactic surgical system. PMID- 7036867 TI - A dedicated CT system for the stereotactic operating room. PMID- 7036869 TI - Progress in developing a CT-compatible adapter for the Leksell stereotach. PMID- 7036871 TI - Direct target point determination for stereotactic brain operations from CT data and the calculation of setting parameters for polar-coordinate stereotactic devices. PMID- 7036870 TI - A new approach for direct CT localization in stereotaxis. PMID- 7036872 TI - Computer-assisted stereotactic surgery. PMID- 7036873 TI - CT appearance of thalamic lesions in stereotactic surgery. PMID- 7036874 TI - Computer-generated dynamic presentation of functional versus anatomical distances in the human brain. PMID- 7036875 TI - Neurophysiological atlas of the human thalamus and adjacent structures. Computer assisted mapping. PMID- 7036876 TI - Stereoelectroencephalography in cerebral tumors. PMID- 7036877 TI - Three-dimensional processing of a stereotactic brain atlas. PMID- 7036878 TI - Stereotactic biopsy of brain lesions visualized with computed tomography. PMID- 7036879 TI - Serial stereotactic biopsies: a double histological code of gliomas according to malignancy and 3-D configuration, as an aid to therapeutic decision and assessment of results. PMID- 7036880 TI - Stereotactic evacuation of primary intracerebral hematomas: new instrumentation. PMID- 7036881 TI - Stereotactic evacuation of intracerebral hematomas. PMID- 7036883 TI - Importance and documentation of an epidural stimulating position. PMID- 7036882 TI - An electrode for prolonged stimulation of the brain. PMID- 7036884 TI - A system for epidural spinal cord stimulation. PMID- 7036885 TI - Contribution of stereoelectroencephalographic studies to reduction of failure rates of cortical resection for seizure control. PMID- 7036886 TI - Somatotopic arrangement of lateral spinothalamic tract in percutaneous cervical cordotomy. AB - As a new clinical approach for the purpose of mapping a lamina analysis, the present report deals with another landmark for insertion of the spinal needle in man other than the usual dentate ligament when performing a percutaneous cordotomy. Electrophysiological studies were made on 19 patients in order to determine the effect of electrostimulation with a bipolar concentric electrode, as well as to corroborate the position of the electrode radiologically. A new apparatus has been devised so that one can locate the target insertion point easily. PMID- 7036887 TI - Comparative study between size of lesioned area and operative effects after pulvinotomy. PMID- 7036888 TI - Indication of Gasserian ganglion coagulation for trigeminal neuralgia. AB - (1) Adequately extensive production of 5-gram analgesia is essential for satisfactory control of pain. (2) 87% of the 95 cases which underwent Gasserian ganglion coagulation have obtained satisfactory control of tic pain. (3) Another 6% of the cases could have satisfactory control with repeated coagulation, judged by the extent of analgesia after the first coagulation. (4) Based on the above findings we can now generally predict efficacy of this procedure. PMID- 7036889 TI - Percutaneous stereotactic thermocoagulation for trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 7036890 TI - A stereotactic frame for trigeminal ganglionectomy. AB - A special stereotactic frame (Radionics) is dedicated to percutaneous electrocoagulation of the trigeminal ganglion. It permits a selection of the first, second or third rootlet according to the territory involved with pain. The penetration of the foramen ovale may be achieved by a jugal or a submaxillary approach, with a common fluoroscopic survey. PMID- 7036891 TI - Observation of radiofrequency trigeminal gangliolysis by stereotactic method. PMID- 7036892 TI - Radiosurgical treatment of carotid-cavernous fistula. PMID- 7036893 TI - Selective limbotomy. AB - A method is designed dividing the limbic system into sectors. The method was tested by analyzing 50 procedures carried out by the authors. Rostral limbotomies, performed either by open techniques (cingulectomy) or by stereotactic surgery, showed similar results, although recurrence was more frequent with stereotaxis. Comparison with other described procedures on the same areas revealed similar results. Analysis suggests that the interruption of the cingulum was responsible for the permanent behavior modification and not the interruption of intersecting anatomical systems. PMID- 7036894 TI - Long-term follow-up of functional neurosurgery in psychiatric disorders - experience of 30 cases. PMID- 7036895 TI - Biofeedback: a possible complement to stereotactic and functional neurosurgery. PMID- 7036896 TI - Radiofrequency denaturation in occipital pain: results in 450 cases. PMID- 7036897 TI - New approach to tryptophan production by Escherichia coli: genetic manipulation of composite plasmids in vitro. AB - For the purpose of studying the production of L-tryptophan by Escherichia coli, the deletion mutants of the trp operon (trpAE1) were transformed with mutant plasmids carrying the trp operon whose anthranilate synthase and phosphoribosyl anthranilate transferase (anthranilate aggregate), respectively, had been desensitized to tryptophan inhibition. In addition to release of the anthranilate aggregate from the feedback inhibition required for plasmids such as pSC101 trp.I15, the properties of trp repression (trpR) and tryptophanase deficiency (tnaA) were both indispensable for host strains such as strain Tna (trpAE1 trpR tnaA). The gene dosage effects on tryptophan synthase activities and on production of tryptophan were assessed. A moderate plasmid copy number, approximately five per chromosome, was optimal for tryptophan production. Similarly, an appropriate release of the anthranilate aggregate from feedback inhibition was also a necessary step to ward off the metabolic anomaly. If the mutant plasmid pSC101 trp-I15 was further mutagenized (pSC101 trp.I15.14) and then transferred to Tna cells, an effective enhancement of tryptophan production was achieved. Although further improvement of the host-plasmid system is needed before commercial production of tryptophan can be realized by this means, a promising step toward this goal has been established. PMID- 7036898 TI - Effect of temperature on spore germination and vegetative cell growth of Clostridium botulinum. AB - Spore germination and vegetative growth of Clostridium botulinum type E strain VH at 2 to 50 degrees C were studied. At all of these temperatures, germination began immediately after the addition of the spores to the germination medium. Microscopic observations during germination revealed three types of spores: phase bright (ungerminated), phase variable (partially germinated), and phase dark (fully germinated). At all temperatures except 50 degrees C, there was a pronounced lag between the initial appearance of phase-variable spores and their eventual conversion to phase-dark spores. The number of partially germinated spores increased steadily, reaching 40 to 60% by 18 to 21 h of incubation. During this time, phase-dark, fully germinated spores developed slowly and did not exceed 28% in any of the samples. At 18 to 26 h of incubation, the rate of full germination increased abruptly four-fold. There was extensive and relatively rapid germination at 2 degrees C, the lowest temperature tested, yielding about 60% phase-variable spores by 18 h, which became phase-dark by 26 h of incubation. The optimum temperature for partial and full germination was consistently 9 degrees C. Germination at 50 degrees C was exceptionally rapid and was completed within 1 to 2 h, although 40% remained phase bright. Vegetative cells showed detectable growth at 6 to 41 degrees C, with a distinct optimum at 32.5 degrees C. No growth occurred at 50 degrees C, and only marginal growth was observed at 6 to 14 degrees C. The psychrophilic nature of the germination process coupled with the cold tolerance of vegetative growth appears to give C. botulinum type E an advantage in cold climates as well as in cold-stored foods. PMID- 7036899 TI - Isolation of acholeplasmas and a mycoplasma from vegetables. AB - The isolation of Mollicutes from food has not been reported. To isolate Mollicutes in the presence of high levels of unwanted bacteria, we first incubated fresh vegetables in liquid culture media containing lysozyme, ampicillin, and thallous acetate. Culture fluids were than separated from the vegetable samples, subjected to one freeze-thaw cycle, and passed through a filter of 0.4-micron porosity. Filtered samples were cultured in SP4 medium and in a conventional medium containing horse serum. With this procedure 21 acholeplasma isolations representing three species were obtained from endive, broccoli, and kale. Of 35 food samples tested, 11 were positive for acholeplasmas; acholeplasmas isolated from 6 of these samples were recovered only in SP4 medium. In seven single vegetable samples, two or more Acholeplasma spp. were isolated. A. laidlawii was isolated from all three vegetables and A. axanthum was found in broccoli and kale. Four isolates were serologically identified as A. oculi. Mycoplasma verecundum was the only Mycoplasma species recovered. Several isolates could not be typed serologically, as they reacted with antisera to both A. morum and A. hippikon. these isolates may include new Acholeplasma spp. PMID- 7036900 TI - Evaluation of coliphage detection as a rapid indicator of water quality. AB - A rapid coliphage analysis technique for enumerating coliphages in natural waters has been evaluated by water quality laboratories located throughout the United States. Correlations were established between coliphages and coliforms in natural water systems. These correlations were highly significant. This relationship can thus be used to determine the number of fecal or total coliforms present in natural water samples based on an enumeration of coliphages. With this method, coliphages in natural water systems (containing greater than or equal to six coliphages per 100 ml) can be enumerated within 6 h. PMID- 7036901 TI - Inexpensive treatment of frozen dairy products for membrane filtration. AB - Treatment of frozen dairy products with trypsin and Tween 80 before membrane filtration for microbiological analysis was faster and cost less than treatment with Streptomyces griseus protease-Tween 80. Viable cell counts so Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecium, and Salmonella typhimurium were not reduced. PMID- 7036902 TI - Estimation of the most probable number with a programable pocket calculator. AB - The most-probable-number method has many potential applications, particularly if many tubes per dilution and many dilution levels are used. Increasing the number of cultures is possible with modern automatic and semiautomatic equipment. However, available tables are not sufficiently detailed to handle data from a large number of culture tubes used in an assay. This paper provides a computer program capable of handling the necessary arithmetic and written for a hand-held, advanced programable calculator. PMID- 7036903 TI - Activation of yeast hexokinase by chelators and the enzymic slow transition due to metal-nucleotide interactions. PMID- 7036905 TI - Visualization of lipid biosynthesis in isolated cytoplasmic membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli by freeze fracture electron microscopy. PMID- 7036906 TI - Ethanol metabolism in guinea pig: ethanol oxidation and its effect on NAD/NADH ratios, oxygen consumption, and ketogenesis in isolated hepatocytes of fed and fasted animals. PMID- 7036907 TI - Anionic modulation of the catalytic activity of hydrogenase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PMID- 7036904 TI - Calmodulin-activated protein kinase activity in rat pancreatic islet cell membranes. PMID- 7036908 TI - Cellulitis caused by Histoplasma organisms in a renal transplant recipient. PMID- 7036909 TI - Bullous pemphigoid and antinuclear antibodies. Unmasking of basement membrane fluorescence in sodium chloride-treated substrates. AB - Immunoflourescent (IF) microscopic studies were done on a patient with bullous pemphigoid who had a high titer of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs). Direct IF microscopy showed deposition of lgG and C3 at the basement membrane zone (BMZ), while, by indirect IF microscopy, ANAs (but not circulating pemphigoid antibodies) were detected. The 2M sodium chloride (NaCl) solution-treated substrates, in which nuclear antigens were eluted, uncovered pemphigoid antibodies. Treatment of the substrates with NaCl solution unmasked BMZ fluorescence in another set of experiments in which a large amount of serum samples containing ANAs was added to serum samples containing only pemphigoid antibodies. These results suggest that pemphigoid antibodies are able to react to the BMZ in the presence of concomitant ANAs unless bind to the nuclear antigens. PMID- 7036910 TI - Vitiligo. It is important. PMID- 7036911 TI - Lupus erythematosus with oral and perianal mucous membrane involvement. AB - A 57-year-old man with lupus erythematosus (LE) had mucous membrane involvement that included the oral and perianal mucosa. Microscopic findings of the oral and perianal mucous membrane lesions were not diagnostic of LE, but immunofluorescent microscopy of biopsy specimens of the lip and perianal mucosa showed the lupus band. PMID- 7036912 TI - Diabetes mellitus. New developments. PMID- 7036913 TI - Pulse therapy. Therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum. PMID- 7036914 TI - Spironolactone therapy in infants with congestive heart failure secondary to congenital heart disease. AB - The efficacy of treatment with spironolactone for congestive heart failure secondary to congenital heart disease was studied in 21 infants under 1 year of age. All received digoxin and chlorothiazide. In addition, group A (n = 10) was given supplements of potassium and group B (n = 11) received spironolactone. Daily clinical observations of vital signs, weight, hepatomegaly, and vomiting were recorded. Paired t test analysis showed significant reduction in liver size and weight (P less than 0.01) and respiratory rate (P less than 0.05) in group B, and less significant decreases in group A. The incidence of vomiting was slightly lower in group B. We conclude that the addition of spironolactone hastens and enhances the response to standard treatment with digoxin and chlorothiazide in infants with congestive heart failure. PMID- 7036915 TI - Electron-microscopic investigation of tattoos in rabbit skin. PMID- 7036916 TI - Detection of pemphigus-like antigens on tumor cell lines. PMID- 7036917 TI - Ectopic production of placenta-"specific" tissue proteins (PP5 and PP11) by malignant breast tumors. AB - With use of an enzyme-bridge immunoperoxidase (PAP) technique, an immunohistochemical localization of the two new placenta-"specific" tissue proteins, PP5 and PP11, was investigated in 16 cases of breast cancer. PP5 was localized in the cytoplasm of breast cancer cells in 62.5% of cases examined and PP11, in 46.7%. Thus PP5 and PP11 may be markers for breast cancer and the detection of these proteins in sera from breast cancer patients may be more reliable and useful in the detection and monitoring of breast cancer patients than the determination of SP1, PP10, or PP12, other pregnancy "specific" proteins. PMID- 7036918 TI - [Renovascular hypertension: diagnosis and surgical treatment]. PMID- 7036919 TI - [Histological study of cancer of the prostate]. PMID- 7036920 TI - [History of the microscopic study of calculi of the urinary system in the 19th century]. PMID- 7036921 TI - Long-term azathioprine in rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind study. AB - Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of azathioprine in rheumatoid arthritis. But fears have been expressed about the possible mutagenic and teratogenic effects of prolonged use. If the drug could be withdrawn once remission is achieved, and this remission be then maintained with other agents, the possible complications of long-term therapy might be avoided. A double-blind controlled study was carried out over 8 months in 32 patients receiving long-term azathioprine therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Substitution of placebo for active drug resulted in clinical deterioration. PMID- 7036922 TI - The scope of rheumatology. PMID- 7036923 TI - Aminoglycoside dosing in renal transplant patients. Comparison of nomogram and individualized pharmacokinetic methods in patients with shifting renal function. AB - Serum amikacin concentrations were compared in infected renal transplant recipients that were compared in infected renal transplant recipients that were dosed using a creatinine-based nomogram (group I) or an individual computer assisted pharmacokinetic dosing method (group II). A total of 30 treatment courses were administered. Mean postinfusion peak levels were 22 microgram/ml in group I and 23.4 microgram/ml in group II. Mean serum trough levels were 8.8 microgram/ml and 5.5 microgram/ml in groups I and II, respectively. Both peak and trough serum levels were significantly more often in the acceptable therapeutic (peak 20-32 microgram/ml) and nontoxic (through less than 10 microgram/ml) ranges in group 11 patients. Seventy-seven per cent of group II and 38% of group I peak levels were in the therapeutic range, while 87% of group II and 70% of group I trough levels were less than 10 microgram/ml. Ototoxicity developed with similar frequency in both groups and occurred significantly more often with a peak level greater than 32 microgram/ml. Declining renal function, usually as a result of allograft rejection, occurred in seven (44%) group I and only three (25%) group II patients but could not be exclusively related to amikacin in any patient. A serum trough level of greater than 10 microgram/ml was associated with an increased risk of declining renal function independent of other risk factors. Failures of aminoglycoside therapy are frequently associated with inadequate serum levels. Conversely, ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity may be related to elevated serum aminoglycoside concentrations. For these reasons, the computer assisted pharmacokinetic dosing method should be used in septic surgical patients whose renal function is subject to sudden and unexpected changes. PMID- 7036924 TI - Clostridium difficile colitis associated with cancer chemotherapy. AB - Administration of cancer chemotherapeutic agents to humans and animals is frequently complicated by diarrhea and enterocolitis. Clostridium difficile and its toxin were found in the stools of two patients with colitis after chemotherapy for malignant neoplasms. Diarrhea in both patients resolved with oral vancomycin hydrochloride therapy. Clostridium difficile was also isolated from several fomites within the room of one of these patients and also from the hands of his nurses. Based on these two recent experiences, we believe patients with cancer and diarrhea or signs suggestive of colitis should be studied for toxigenic C difficile and appropriate isolation techniques employed. PMID- 7036925 TI - Autonomic insufficiency. PMID- 7036926 TI - Steroid receptors in breast cancer. PMID- 7036927 TI - Autogenous collagen autobank (II) in rhinology. PMID- 7036928 TI - Murein biosynthesis in ether permeabilized Escherichia coli starting from early peptidoglycan precursors. AB - ETB, ether treated bacteria, from E. coli and other Gram-negative strains, contain in a cell-free system all enzymes necessary for murein biosynthesis. Starting with a variety of combinations of peptidoglycan precursors, high yields of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS, 4%) insoluble murein or murein like material were synthesized. The amount of newly synthesized SDS insoluble material (NSM) was dependent upon the growing phase at which cells had been harvested for preparation of ETB. This data may provide some insight into the regulation of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Starting from early peptidoglycan precursors, the cell-free synthesis of NSM was inhibited by specific inhibitors of murein synthesis, such as D-cycloserine, D-fluoroalanine, 2-amino-ethylphosphonate, analogues of D-alanyl-D-alanine and beta-lactam antibiotics at appropriate concentrations. Some D-alanyl-D-alanine analogues and 4-chlorodiaminopimelic acid were incorporated into NSM in place of their corresponding natural substrates. PMID- 7036929 TI - [Clinical and/or behavioral criteria in the diagnosis of infantile autism]. PMID- 7036930 TI - [Upper digestive fiberoptic endoscopy in children]. PMID- 7036931 TI - [Measurements of plasma concentrations of active vitamin D metabolites in children: interest and limit (author's transl)]. AB - This study of the three main vitamin D metabolites namely 25-(OH) D, 24, 25-(OH) 2D and 1, 25-(OH) 2D includes (1) a summary of the usual assay techniques, (2) a discussion about the concentrations and the role of these metabolites during the neonatal and childhood periods, (3) a report of the results obtained during the past seven years in our laboratory with comments on the interest and limits of these assays for the diagnosis of different types of rickets. PMID- 7036932 TI - [Clofibrate for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates born at term: a double blind controlled study (author's transl)]. AB - A double blind controlled study of the therapeutic effect of clofibrate, an inductor of bilirubin glucuronyl transferase, was performed in neonates born at term and presenting with physiologic jaundice. 47 children were treated with a single oral dose of clofibrate. 46 control children were given corn oil alone. Results show that mean plasma bilirubin levels are significantly lower in the treated group as compared with the control group, from the 16th hour of treatment, if there is no ABO incompatibility. Clofibrate treatment also resulted in a shorter duration of jaundice and a restricted use of phototherapy. No undesirable side-effect was observed. PMID- 7036933 TI - [Captopril in severe arterial hypertension of childhood (authors transl)]. AB - Twenty patients with severe arterial hypertension were treated with Captopril (an inhibitor of angiotensin 1 converting enzyme). Decrease in blood pressure occurred early and was sometimes important. Significant changes in plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone and converting enzyme activity were observed. There was a significant inverse correlation between the action of Captopril on blood pressure and the level of extra-cellular volumes. Eighteen patients received long term treatment (m = 10.05 +/- 1.32 mo.). Side-effects consisted of positive antinuclear antibodies and a possible kidney failure in cases with stenosis of the renal artery. PMID- 7036934 TI - Genetic approach to the problem of distinction between RLA and antigens eliciting skin reacting transplantation antibodies in the rabbit. AB - This paper is a continuation of the previous study on the relationship between rabbit antigens eliciting skin reacting transplantation antibodies (SRTA) and histocompatibility RLA antigens. In this study two groups of families were tested. In the first one, antigenic phenotypes were typed using sera defined during investigation of random population as anti-RLA 1, RLA 2 and anti-RLA 3 and sera defined as SRTA anti-A and anti-B. In the second group - the sera prepared by intrafamilial immunization were applied. In both groups of families independent segregation of RLA and antigens eliciting SRTA was found. It supports the hypothesis about the distinction between these two antigenic systems. PMID- 7036935 TI - Lack of correlation between inhibitory or stimulatory influence of kidney antigens on in vitro leukocyte and lymphocyte migration in renal-transplanted patients. AB - The inhibition of stimulation of migration of human peripheral blood leukocytes and isolated lymphocytes in the presence of kidney antigens (GBM and RTA) were studied and compared. Thirty six GBM and 29 RTA tests performed in 23 cadaver kidney graft recipients revealed no correlation between migration inhibition or stimulation of leukocytes and lymphocytes. It suggests that in these two types of test different lymphokines operate. PMID- 7036936 TI - Repopulation of lethally irradiated mice with heterotopically induced bone marrow. AB - Following heterotopic osteogenesis by implantation of xenogeneic transitional epithelium in mice a biogenesis of hemopoietic tissue among induced ossicles is observed. The induced bone marrow is able to protect lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients when used in the same doses as orthotopic bone marrow. PMID- 7036937 TI - Specific migration of antigen-sensitive lymphocytes form the spleen to the site of allograft. AB - Specific spontaneous migration of antigen-sensitive splenocytes and thoracic duct lymphocytes from the transplanted spleen to the site of lymphocyte or skin allograft was studied in rats. Lack of specific recruitment of splenocytes in the allograft and relevant lymph nodes was found. Sensitized thoracic duct lymphocytes migrated specifically to the graft draining lymph nodes but not to the graft itself. The findings indicate that lymphocytes migrating from the spleen belong to the recirculating pool and are detained by sequestered antigen. The antigen-specific splenocytes have limited migratory properties and their function in the spleen seems to be devoted primarily to elimination of allo antigens. PMID- 7036938 TI - Peroxidase-antiperoxidase method for tissue antigens: improved shelf life for reagents. PMID- 7036939 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis. Immunopathology, ultrastructure, literature review, and consideration of its pathogenesis and relation to scleroderma. PMID- 7036940 TI - Peliosis of the spleen. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Peliotic lesions of the liver and spleen are rare and usually occur in patients with wasting diseases, such as tuberculosis and cancer, or in patients who have received treatment with anabolic-androgenic steroids. Peliosis appears grossly as blood-filled, cyst-like or nodular lesions, 1 to 5 mm in diameter, that are distributed throughout the parenchyma of the affected tissue but do not alter the size of the organ. Intraperitoneal rupture of a peliotic bleb can be fatal. Peliosis of the spleen usually occurs in conjunction with peliosis hepatis, but in this subject with myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia who underwent autopsy, the lesions were present only in the spleen. PMID- 7036941 TI - Role of virulence factors in Legionella infections. PMID- 7036942 TI - Sporadic Legionellaceae pneumonia in renal transplant recipients. A survey of 70 autopsies, 1964 to 1979. AB - The discovery in recent years of previously unrecognized pathogenic bacteria now classified in the family Legionellaceae raised the possibility that significant but undetected infections from these organisms might have occurred in the past. The known susceptibility of immunosuppressed patients to these organisms led us to examine, by direct immunofluorescence, lung tissue from 70 autopsies of renal transplant recipients. Only two cases were detected, one each due to Legionella bozemanii (WIGA) and L micdadei (Pittsburgh pneumonia gent). The lack of cases in this high-risk population contrasts with recent outbreaks at several other institutions and highlights the focal and frequently nosocomial distribution of these infections. A reservoir for these organisms probably did not exist at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, during the 15-years period of this study. PMID- 7036943 TI - A case of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. PMID- 7036944 TI - Modulation of the immune response by aerodin. I. Impact on the antiinfectious resistance of mice and guinea pigs experimentally infected by Klebsiella pneumoniae. PMID- 7036945 TI - [Terminoterminal arterial sutures in microsurgery: histological study]. PMID- 7036946 TI - [Surgical treatment of fractures of the patella (review of the literature and our results)]. PMID- 7036947 TI - [Epicondylalgias: a single disease or syndromes with multiple etiopathogenesis?]. PMID- 7036948 TI - [Recurrent dislocation of the shoulder treated with the Putti-Platt method]. PMID- 7036949 TI - [Primary septic osteoarthritis of the hip in adults. Case reports and pathogenetic considerations]. PMID- 7036950 TI - [Sacro-coccygeal chordoma: review of literature and case report]. PMID- 7036951 TI - [Reoperation in lumber disk hernia pathology]. PMID- 7036952 TI - [Morphological reconstruction of the alveolar crest using an autologous bone graft taken from the tip of the chin (surgical technic)]. PMID- 7036953 TI - [Rehabilitation using a fixed denture in a case of bone resorption of the upper anterior alveolar process treated previously with an autologous bone graft]. PMID- 7036954 TI - Retinol (vitamin A) as a modifier of 2-aminofluorene and 2-acetyl-aminofluorene mutagenesis in the Salmonella/microsome assay. AB - Vitamin A (retinol)has been demonstrated to modify the mutagenic activity of the aromatic amines, 2-aminofluorene (2AF) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAF) when added to the Ames Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay. Low amounts of retinol(2 20 micrograms/plate) increased the mutagenicity of both 2AF and 2AAF. At higher doses (50-150 micrograms/plates) the mutagenicity of 2AAF remained unchanged while the mutagenicity of 2AF gradually decreased. The present data do not support the hypothesis that retinol generally acts as an inhibitor of in vitro metabolic activation of procarcinogens. PMID- 7036955 TI - Electrophoretic characterization of proteins and RNA of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) from Euxoa scandens. AB - A cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) was isolated from Euxoa scandens and propagated in vitro in Lymantria dispar cells. The virions and polyhedra were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Polyhedra produced in vivo and in vitro contained six polypeptides with identical relative mobilities while nonoccluded viral particles produced in vivo were composed of four polypeptides. The RNA content of the purified virions extracted from infected midgut was resolved in ten segments with molecular weights similar to that of CPV type 5 RNA. PMID- 7036956 TI - A clearance test in mice using non-adapted viruses to determine the immunogenicity of influenza strains. AB - A test for the immunogenicity of influenza viruses is described, which is based upon the intranasal vaccinating dose required to induce inhibition of multiplication of unadapted influenza viruses in the lungs of mice. This test is more sensitive than an antigen extinction procedure, in which immunogenicity is measured according to the dose required to induce the formation of hemagglutination-inhibition antibody. The clearance test has been used to demonstrate that a) influenza A/Northern Territory/60/68 virus is a better immunogen than A/Victoria/3/75 and both are probably superior to A/U.S.S.R./92/77; b) for A/Northern Territory/60/68, vaccination by the intranasal route in 25 g mice is at least 43,600 times more efficient than by the intraperitoneal route and c) common immunogenic relationships exist between various H3N2 viruses and an H1N1 strain. PMID- 7036957 TI - Primary pulmonary hypertension. A review. PMID- 7036958 TI - Cardiac transplantation, the Arizona experience. PMID- 7036959 TI - Early history of the Medical Society of the U. S. and Mexico. PMID- 7036960 TI - Endoscopic findings after antacid, cimetidine and placebo for peptic ulcer- importance of staging the lesions. AB - Ninety four adult outpatients entered a randomized trial in which 30 patients were treated openly with antacid hourly and 64 patients with a double-blind regimen of either cimetidine (1 g/day) or placebo. After 4 weeks, 66.3% of the antacid-treated patients, 56.2% of the cimetidine-treated patients and 9.4% of the placebo patients showed ulcer healing. The difference between cimetidine and antacid was not statistically significant. The low percentage in the placebo group as compared to other trials may be attributed to the avoidance of supplementary antacid in this group and or to the criterion of staging the lesions both for entry into study and for evaluating the results. PMID- 7036961 TI - Human rabies transmitted by corneal transplant. PMID- 7036962 TI - Bone growth in the rat mandible following every-day or alternate-day methylprednisolone treatment schedules. PMID- 7036963 TI - Induced palatal candidosis in the wistar rat. PMID- 7036964 TI - The adhesion of the yeast Candida albicans to epithelial cells of human origin in vitro. PMID- 7036965 TI - Office and operating room management of cardiac arrest. AB - Management of cardiac arrest depends on a four-minute period of potential reversibility. Success depends on immediate diagnosis, documentation of the onset of cardiac arrest, and establishment of treatment priorities. Pupillary dilation, complete in two minutes, serves to verify the onset and duration of cardiac arrest. Treatment involves two phases--the emergency phase of oxygenation and perfusion and the definitive phase of restoring the spontaneous effective heartbeat. The two mechanisms of cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation and asystole, are characterized, and the conditions necessary for each to occur are listed. The treatment of ventricular fibrillation is defibrillation, whereas ventricular asystole responds to cardiac stimuli--a precordial blow, epinephrine, or calcium. The mnemonic "SALT CAN ADD GOOD TIME" is suggested as a guide for drug dosage, and a treatment flowchart is outlined. PMID- 7036966 TI - Arteriographic assessment of coronary atherosclerosis. Review of current methods, their limitations, and clinical applications. AB - Coronary arteriography is presently the definitive procedure for characterizing the location and severity of coronary atherosclerosis; and despite certain reported limitations, we believe that the properly performed coronary arteriogram provides a true picture of the arterial lumen in life. Yet this widely-used clinical tool is currently limited by imprecise and, to a certain extent, inappropriate subjective methods of interpretation. More objective methods for analysis of the arteriographic information content have been described. These include caliper- and vernier- based systems for measuring relative arterial narrowing, computer-assisted methods for making accurate measurements of absolute stenosis dimensions, and photodensitometric methods for extracting three dimensional information from a planar image of the stenosis. The availability of these objective techniques has resulted in a considerable increase in our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms in coronary disease. Advances include an expanded understanding of the mechanisms of action of nitroglycerin and verapamil and of the coronary artery constriction induced by drugs of isometric stress. Stenosis measurements have served as the basis for evaluation of certain noninvasive techniques used to detect coronary disease. An analytical approach has been developed to characterize the progression (and regression) of coronary disease from serial arteriograms. We believe clinical investigations based on these techniques hold considerable promise for further advances in the understanding of human coronary pathophysiology. PMID- 7036967 TI - Rational restoration of endodontically treated teeth. II. Preparations for crowns. PMID- 7036968 TI - Alloys for crown and bridgework. AB - The requirements of alloys for metal-ceramic crowns and bridgework are examined. The functional requirements and manipulative behaviour and cost of cheaper alternatives to high gold alloys are discussed. All types use--high gold, reduced gold, silver palladium and base metal--appear to function satisfactorily in the mouth. Nickel and beryllium do not appear to be health hazards. Dental laboratory procedures and materials must be chosen to suit the type of alloy employed, although all alloy types appear suitable for crown and bridgework. The cost of alloy must be carefully examined in the context of total cost to the patient, and the use of alternatives to gold alloys in many cases may not warrant the required changes to laboratory procedures, but the saving is real, and can make permanent restorations available to greater proportion of the community. PMID- 7036969 TI - Busselton dental survey 1978. PMID- 7036970 TI - A short history of Westmead Centre Dental Clinical School. AB - Westmead Centre is a large teaching hospital of 925 acute treatment beds planned to provide a comprehensive range of general and specialist referral services to the rapidly expanding population of the western suburbs of Sydney. The hospital was conceived in 1968 and opened for patient treatment in 1978. The Dental Clinical School is an integral part of Westmead Centre. The School was planned to provide diagnostic, treatment, recovery, and support facilities. When fully commissioned, it will offer 230 dental chairs, a fully equipped Operating Suite, and extensive laboratory, teaching and research areas. The School is meant to provide clinical undergraduate training for dental students of the University of Sydney and facilities for graduate, postgraduate, and continuing education. At the same time it is to fulfil a general and specialist service role in the Western Metropolitan Health Region. The Dental Clinical School opened for patient treatment in 1980 and accepted its first intake of final year students in 1981. It is anticipated that in 1982 the School will be fully commissioned and making a significant contribution to the dental education and care of the people of New South Wales. PMID- 7036971 TI - The management of patients with suspected Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome--a four year review. PMID- 7036972 TI - Pneumonia with bacteraemia due to Escherichia coli. AB - Pneumonia due to Escherichia coli (E. coli) has a reported mortality of up to 70 per cent. Most infections are associated with underlying disease, and follow bacteraemia from a genitourinary or gastrointestinal source. This report describes two patients with bacteraemic E. coli pneumonia, presumed secondary to aspiration of E. coli from the oropharynx. Both patients presented a rapidly progressive illness with hypotension. Response of the pneumonia to early, appropriate antimicrobial therapy, was complete. Our cases are discussed with particular reference to clinical features of the infection and choice of antimicrobial therapy. PMID- 7036973 TI - Anti platelet agents for strokes and myocardial infarction: a critical appraisal of recent clinical trials. AB - Attempts at prevention of arterial thrombosis with platelet inhibitors have been the subject of a number of major trials in recent years. These trials were prompted by earlier observations that aspirin takers seemed to fare better after acute myocardial infarction and were further stimulated by the recent growth of knowledge about the role of vascular and platelet prostaglandins. The trials have sought to establish that aspirin (ASA), sulphinpyrazone and dipyridamole may prevent thrombosis in the form of recurrence of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and stroke or reduce the recurrence rate and mortality after acute myocardial infarction. No single trial has provided conclusive evidence although there is a strong suggestion of some benefit from ASA. With further understanding of PG metabolism and the effects of inhibitors new approaches are likely to emerge in the near future. PMID- 7036974 TI - Chronic myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 7036975 TI - The Anstey Giles lecture. Opening and closing the growth plate. PMID- 7036976 TI - The results of joint replacement surgery in renal transplant patients. AB - Joint replacement of the hip or knee has been performed on 24 joints since 1973. The results in general have been good and no really significant complications have occurred. With the increasing longevity of these patients a Monk prosthesis without the use of cement, which can at a later day be changed to a formal total hip replacement with cement, is recommended in young people. So far the fear of complications has been unfounded and joint replacement, where indicated, seems a reasonably safe procedure in renal transplant patients. PMID- 7036977 TI - Basal cell carcinoma in Queensland. AB - An analysis is presented of a referred series of 1411 basal cell carcinomas treated by surgical excision and plastic surgical repair in which 259 were recurrent after previous other treatments. Of the 1,411 BCCs treated there were 10 BCCs which recurred (0.7% recurrence rate). A further 10 BCCs were primarily re-excised because of inadequate clearance around the tumour found on histological examination. (0.7% primary re-excision). The cases recurrent after previous treatment did not behave badly in terms of subsequent recurrence as they were widely excised and carefully observed in the postoperative years. Surgery must aim to be curative. We clearly define the tumour margin using magnification and mark an adequate clearance of surrounding normal tissue. This is then excised in width and depth. Repair of the defect is carried out to restore the area to as near normal as possible. Surgical repair is able to bring new tissue into the area to further enable it to withstand the rigours of the climate and not leave behind a premalignant scarred area. PMID- 7036978 TI - The founders of the college: Western Australia. PMID- 7036980 TI - George Grey Turner, F.R.A.C.S. (Hon). PMID- 7036979 TI - The founders of the college: Tasmania. PMID- 7036981 TI - William R. Wilde, Andrew S. Gray, and two eye and ear hospitals of very similar name. PMID- 7036982 TI - Tubal physiology and microsurgery. PMID- 7036983 TI - Is microsurgery necessary for salpingostomy? The evaluation of results. PMID- 7036984 TI - Crimes, follies and misfortunes in the history of australasian psychiatry. AB - The value of the study of Australian psychiatric history is discussed. The administration of the lunatic asylums during the first 120 years of settlement and some of the prevailing conditions are reviewed. A number of famous persons, both doctors and patients, are mentioned and the progress of the practice of psychiatry is followed. Some important psychiatric aspects of Australian history which might have been more thoroughly studied are described. In particular these are crime and punishment, alcoholism, and the crises associated with transportation, malnutrition and the gold rush. Lastly, it is suggested that a number of historical researches associated with psychiatry need to be undertaken before the important existing connections with the past are lost. PMID- 7036985 TI - Effects of long-term exposure to low levels of ozone: a review. AB - Available literature regarding long-term effects of ozone on animals and humans is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on reports that have appeared since 1976, but some earlier reports are cited for completeness and perspective. This review shows that ozone concentration is more important than duration of exposure in determining the effects of an ozone exposure (dose). This conclusion calls into question the validity of the Time-Weighted Average (TWA) as an index of severity of ozone exposure. The literature review further reveals a wide variation in susceptibility of different animal species to ozone, making it difficult to apply results of animal experiments to humans. It further appears that a dose of ozone that is acutely innocuous is also innocuous over the long term. The effects of a symptom-producing dose of ozone are initially cumulative for the first two or three exposures; then an adaptive response may ensue that involves a plateau of response or even reversal. These effects are shown by both animals and humans. The mechanisms are unknown. Ozone probably causes damage by the free radical formation. Free radical scavengers, such as vitamin E and C, may provide protection against ozone damage. PMID- 7036986 TI - [Studies on the usefulness of the Schalm test and the Cytur test for semi quantitative cell counts in urine, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial and peritoneal fluid in cattle]. PMID- 7036987 TI - [Comparison of a new procedure with 2 well-known ones for the determination of the number of bacteria on stable surfaces]. PMID- 7036988 TI - Some properties and applications of monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 7036989 TI - Evidence that stimulation of glucose metabolism by insulin is not altered in isolated soleus muscle of pregnant rats. AB - Various concentrations of insulin stimulated to the same extent glucose transport and metabolism in incubated soleus muscle of virgin and 19-day-pregnant rats. This suggests that the resistance to insulin that occurs during pregnancy in vivo does not result from an intrinsic defect in skeletal muscles. PMID- 7036990 TI - An analysis of discoidin I binding sites in Dictyostelium discoideum (NC4). AB - Vegetative wild-type (strain NC4) D. discoideum cells and cells at the 10h stage of development (aggregation) were harvested in the presence of 0.5 M-galactose to remove any endogenous discoidin I already bound to the cell surface, and fixed with glutaraldehyde. Affinity-purified 125I-labelled discoidin I bound to these fixed cells in a specific manner, greater than or equal to 95% of binding being inhibited by 0.5 M-galactose. Binding of 125I-labelled discoidin I was essentially complete in 90 min at 22 degrees C. Based on specific radioactivity measurements, vegetative (0h) D. discoideum (NC4) cells bind approx. 8.4 x 10(5) discoidin I tetramers/cell and aggregated (10h) cells bind 5.1 x 10(5) discoidin I tetramers/cell, each exhibiting apparent positive co-operativity of binding with highest limiting affinity constants (Ka) of approx. 1 x 10(7) and 2 x 10(7) M-1, respectively. Klebsiella aerogenes, the food source used for growth of D. discoideum NC4 amoebae, also binds 125I-labelled discoidin I and this is greater than 99% inhibited by 0.5 M-galactose. However, at the levels of bacterial contamination present, greater than 97% of 125I-labelled discoidin I binding to D. discoideum cell preparations was to the cells themselves. Confirmation of the number of discoidin I tetramers bound per D. discoideum cell was obtained by elution of bound 125I-labelled discoidin I followed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and then quantification by scanning of stained discoidin I bands. PMID- 7036991 TI - Insulin "inhibition" of gluconeogenesis by stimulation of protein synthesis. PMID- 7036992 TI - Intraerythrocytic plasmodial calcium metabolism. PMID- 7036993 TI - Metabolic conversion of 14C-indole-3-acetic acid to 14C-oxindole-3-acetic acid. PMID- 7036994 TI - A cobalt porphyrin containing protein reducible by hydrogenase isolated from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (Norway). PMID- 7036995 TI - Protease activities present in wheat germ and rabbit reticulocyte lysates. PMID- 7036996 TI - Identification of rat neurophysins: complete amino acid sequences of MSEL- and VLDV-neurophysins. PMID- 7036997 TI - Effects of colchicine on insulin binding to isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7036998 TI - Chloroquine stimulation of insulin binding to IM-9 lymphocytes: evidence for action at a nonlysosomal site. PMID- 7036999 TI - Reversible activation-inactivation of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase possibly due to phosphorylation-dephosphorylation. PMID- 7037000 TI - Enzymic hydrolysis of intramolecular complexes for monitoring theophylline in homogeneous competitive protein-binding reactions. PMID- 7037002 TI - The metabolism of 1-phospho-5-methylthioribose. PMID- 7037001 TI - Thiol-glyoxylate adducts as substrates for rat kidney L-alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase. PMID- 7037003 TI - On the biosynthesis of biotin in Achromobacter IVSW. A reinvestigation. PMID- 7037005 TI - Conformation of free and ribosome bound rRNAs and E. coli. PMID- 7037004 TI - Chymotryptic-like hydrolysis of luliberin (LH-RF) by an adenohypophyseal enzyme of high molecular weight. PMID- 7037006 TI - Functions of metallothionein. PMID- 7037008 TI - Inhibition of the synthesis of the TEM-type beta-lactamase by purine derivatives. AB - The beta-lactamase TEM-1 was purified from an Escherichia coli ATCC 11 775 R+TEM culture by preparative isoelectric focussing. This preparation was used to establish a calibration curve between the concentration of the enzyme and the cleavage of nitrocefin, by which the quantitative production of beta-lactamase TEM-1 in the growing culture was determined. The effect of purine derivatives on the synthesis of the beta-lactamase during the growth of the bacterium was tested in order to determine the essential basic structure of the molecule. It is suggested that the keto-methylamino part of the pyrimidine nucleus is decisive for the potency of the structure. Inhibition studies on the purified enzyme demonstrated that the purine compounds act by inhibiting the synthesis of the beta-lactamase and not by inactivation of the enzyme. This mode of action manifests itself as a synergism with amoxycillin against the beta-lactamase producing strain. PMID- 7037007 TI - Adenylosuccinate synthetase and adenylosuccinate lyase from Trypanosoma cruzi, Specificity studies with potential chemotherapeutic agents. AB - Adenylosuccinate (succino-AMP) synthetase and succino-AMP lyase isolated from epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi by chromatography on phosphocellulose. The synthetase was capable of catalyzing the condensation of aspartic acid with IMP and several IMP analogs. The reaction with allopurinol ribonucleotide is of potential chemotherapeutic interest. This analog was slowly converted to its corresponding succino-AMP analog with a Km' of 140 micrometers (cf. IMP at 10 micrometers) and a Vmax' of 0.3 per cent the rate with IMP. The comparable reaction with this analog does not occur with succino-AMP synthetase from a representative mammalian source [T. Spector and R. L. Miller, Biochim. biophys. Acta 455, 509 (1976)]. The protozoal succino-AMP lyase had a broad substrate which was characteristic of this enzyme from many sources. It catalyzed the rapid and efficient cleavage of all the succino-AMP analogs that were produced by succino-AMP synthetase. Thus, these two enzymes appear to be responsible for the selective amination of allopurinol ribonucleotide in T. cruzi. The metabolically produced AMP analog may be the agent or a precursor of the agent that accounts for the anti-growth activity of allopurinol in these organisms. Similar selective amination was observed previously with these enzymes from Leishmania donovani [T. Spector, T. E. Jones and G. B. Elion, J. biol. Chem. 254, 8422 (1979)]. Thiopurinol ribonucleotide was not a substrate of succino-AMP synthetase from T. cruzi, but it was an inhibitor with a K1 = 33 micrometers. Therefore, the weakness of thiopurinol's anti-growth activity with T. cruzi is not due to its inability to inhibit this enzyme. PMID- 7037009 TI - [Stimulation of prostacyclin biosynthesis as a possible mechanism of action of dipyridamole (author's transl)]. AB - In microsomes of pig aorta, isolated perfused hearts of guinea-pigs, rabbit vessel preparations and homogenates of rat lungs 2,6-bis-[bis-(beta-hydroxyethyl) amino]-4,8-dipiper-idino-pyrimido-[5,4-d]pyrimidine (dipyridamole) application caused a marked stimulation of prostacyclin biosynthesis. The oxygen incorporation into arachidonic acid indicating cyclooxygenase and lipoxydase activity under the influence of lyophilised ram vesicle microsomes was increased by dipyridamole. The formation of malondialdehyde and thromboxane A2 in platelet rich plasma of rabbits remained uninfluenced. On the other side the formation of thromboxane A2 was moderately inhibited in homogenates of guinea-pig lungs. The arachidonic acid-induced thrombus formation and following death of rabbits remained uninfluenced. The results indicate that dipyridamole causes a relatively specific alteration of the prostaglandin metabolism stimulating the biosynthesis of prostacyclin but without effect or only moderate inhibition of the formation of thromboxane A2. These effects could be looked upon as an important mechanism for the cardiovascular action of the drug. PMID- 7037010 TI - The Salmonella mutagenicity assay on fenticonazole, a new antifungal imidazole derivative. AB - alpha-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-beta,N-imidazolylethyl 4-phenylthiobenzyl ether nitrate (fenticonazole, Rec 15/1476), a new potent antibacterial and antifungal imidazole derivative, was tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella reversion assay developed by Ames et al. Fenticonazole was found to be negative for strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA 98, TA 100 with and without microsomal activation. PMID- 7037011 TI - Activity of the combination of isoniazid, protionamide and dapsone against Mycobacterium leprae and some other mycobacteria. AB - No additive effect was found at the addition of isoniazid to either dapsone or protionamide against M. leprae and against highly dapsone-sensitive in vitro growing Mycobacterium sp. strains. It is concluded that the indication of the administration of isoniazid in leprosy is extremely limited and could only be envisaged as a companion drug in combined therapy of dapsone-resistant multibacillary leprosy in light-skinned people, when aminoglycosides cannot be administered. PMID- 7037013 TI - A comparison of the bactericidal activity of a series of rifampicins against Mycobacterium leprae. AB - The bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium leprae of six 3-(4 methylpiperazin-1-yl-iminomethyl)rifamycin SV (rifampicin) derivatives was compared with that of rifampicin in a modified proportional bactericidal test, using a smaller number of experimental animals and allowing the administration of a single dose of the drugs. No correlation was found between the in vitro activity of the rifamycin derivatives against M. tuberculosis or rapidly growing Mycobacteria in vitro and the activity against M. leprae in he mouse. The procedure is valuable for the screening against M. leprae of very potent bactericidal drugs available in only small quantities. PMID- 7037012 TI - Lipid-lowering effect of the new drugs eniclobrate and beclobrate in patients with hyperlipidemia type II a and type II b. AB - First clinical results are presented for two newly developed drugs. Both are diphenylmethane derivatives named ethyl-(+/-)-2-([alpha-(p-chlorophenyl)-p-tolyl] oxy)-2-methylbutyrate (beclobrate, B) and (+/-)-2-(4-[(4 chlorophenyl)methyl]phenoxy)-2-methyl-butanacid-3-pyridinylmethylester (eniclobrate, E). These drugs were given in a doubleblind crossover trial with placebo periods before, in between and afterwards to 6 patients with type IIb and 13 patients with type IIa hyperlipidemia. Beclobrate was given in a dosage of 100 mg twice daily and eniclobrate in a dosage of 130 mg twice daily. Besides effectively reducing LDL-cholesterol in type IIa there was a remarkable increase in HDL-cholesterol in both types of hyperlipidemia especially for beclobrate. PMID- 7037014 TI - Oxiconazole, a new imidazole derivative. Evaluation of antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo. AB - The new imidazole derivative Z-[2,4-dichloro-2-imidazol-1-yl)acetophenone]-O-(2,4 dichlorobenzyl)-oxime nitrate (oxiconazole, Ro 13-8996) is characterized by a broad fungistatic spectrum against the agents of human mycoses in vitro. In addition, fungicidal activity of various degree was found in selected species (Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes). Synthesis of DNA was inhibited by subinhibitory concentrations of oxiconazole in parallel to cell multiplication, whereas synthesis of RNA, protein and carbohydrate was decreased to a lesser extent. The most relevant findings was high topical activity in both trichophytosis in the guinea-pig and vaginal candidiasis in the rat. In these 2 models, oxiconazole proved to be more potent than several reference compounds from the group of imidazole antimycotics. Systemic oral activity of oxiconazole was also found in three mouse models, namely in dermal infection with T. mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum, systemic histoplasmosis and, just to a low degree, systemic candidiasis, but the compound proved to be inactive in cryptococcosis and aspergillosis in the mouse. Based on our findings, a clinical evaluation of oxiconazole as a topical antimycotic in human superficial mycosis, seems to be justified. PMID- 7037015 TI - Renin as a risk factor for atherogenesis. Part 2. Effects of hypercholesterolemia and hyporeninemia in the rabbit. AB - Four groups of New Zealand rabbits were used to study the effect of suppressed plasma renin activity (PRA) on atherogenesis. Control groups were fed normal rabbit chow (Group I) or normal chow supplemented with 0.25% cholesterol--0.75% corn oil (Group III). Group II animals were fed normal chow and received periodic injections of 11-desoxycorticosterone (DOC)pivalate and 0.5% saline to drink, while Group IV animals were treated similarly except that they were also fed the atherogenic diet. Blood pressure and blood chemistry measurements were performed monthly over a 7-month period. The blood pressure was unaffected by either the diet or the DOC-saline treatment, however, the PRA was greatly reduced in the animals receiving DOC-saline (Groups II and IV). Similarly, plasma aldosterone was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced in the DOC-saline-treated animals. No atheromata were observed in the animals consuming the regular diet, regardless of DOC-saline treatment. All of the animals fed the atherogenic diet showed extensive aortic atheromata. However, there was no difference in the lesion index between the animals with normal PRA levels (Group III) and those with suppressed PRA levels (Group IV). Likewise, microscopic evaluation of the aorta, coronary arteries, and renal arteries failed to show a consistent difference in the vascular involvement between animals of Groups III and IV. We therefore conclude that the suppression of PRA does not have a protective effect on atherogenesis in the cholesterol-fed normotensive rabbit. PMID- 7037016 TI - [Plasma cell granuloma. Immunohistochemical investigations about 9 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037017 TI - [Fibronectin in human breast tumors. Optical studies in vitro and in vivo about 19 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037018 TI - [Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA). Morphological, immunocytochemical, optical and ultrastructural study about one case (author's transl)]. AB - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a rare non hereditary bullous disease. One case is described with a morphological, and immunocytochemical ultrastructural study. The plain ultrastructural morphology showed a dense amorphous deposit in the superficial dermis, under the basal lamina. Immunofluorescence showed IgG and C3 deposits. The ultrastructural study (direct immunoperoxidase technique using Fab) showed a dense labelling associating : dark dots spaced under the basal lamina and fogging less dense labelling in the clarified superficial dermis. Using the patient's antibodies an indirect reaction on normal human skin performed : the same dotted sub laminal labelling was found but with no dermal diffuse reaction product. The study shows the site and the aspect of the Ig deposit in EBA and indicates that the antibodies demonstrated in some patients are reactive with a constituent of the normal superficial dermis. PMID- 7037019 TI - [Methyl methacrylate embedding technique. Its use in bone pathology (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a prepolymerized methyl methacrylate embedding technique for undecalcified bone biopsies. They have a 588 biopsies experience. Results are obtained in three days. The use of a prepolymerized Medium reduces retraction artefacts. Structures are well preserved, so morphometric analysis is easy. All routine colorations can be done after deplastification. It is especially easy to recognize the osteoid tissue, the method consequently being useful in the diagnosis of osteomalacia and hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7037020 TI - [Technique of inclusion in epoxy resin for alternative photonic and ultrastructural examination (author's transl)]. AB - Fragmentation of the samples in small blocks for electron microscopy fail to allow topographic study. Therefore a method fod embedding large blocks in epon is detailed here. It provides large semi-thin sections for photomic examination and, after making a "mesa", ultrathin for ultrastructural study. PMID- 7037021 TI - [Development of blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (author's transl)]. AB - In this article, the author reviewed the world literatures concerning the development of blood-brain (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) in both humans and animals. The author also briefly reviewed the results of his investigations on the development of these barriers to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in chick embryos. The barriers to water-soluble macromolecules are likely to develop almost completely before birth in humans as well as in experimental animals. However, the timing of their completion is different between BBB and BCSFB. This may reflect the different nature of the tight junctions between capillary endothelial and choroidal epithelia. BBB and BCSFB to lipid soluble substances, water-soluble low molecular particles and electrolytes develops in different manners and timing. Development of selective barrier or transport system of metabolically active substances such as D-glucose or essential amino acids may be roughly synchronous to the maturation process of the brain and become fully effective after complete evolution of BBB and BCSFB to macromolecules. To study development of BBB and BCSFB is of great importance for understanding the pathogenesis of kernicterus and various CNS malformations. PMID- 7037022 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037023 TI - Effects of renal transplantation on left ventricular size and function. AB - Thirteen patients with chronic renal failure and uraemia were investigated by echocardiography preoperatively before and after haemodialysis and again after a successful renal transplantation to evaluate the cardiac changes caused by renal transplantation. After renal transplantation, the left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, as well as the cardiac index, decreased, probably because of the decreased left ventricular filling pressure. The left ventricular wall thickness and mass decreased, apparently as a result of the decrease of the left ventricular preload and also of the decrease of the afterload, because the systolic blood pressure decreased. The left atrial diameter decreased in response to the decreased left ventricular preload and wall hypertrophy. The changes in the indices of left ventricular function as a result of haemodialysis appeared to predict the changes seen after renal transplantation. Renal transplantation appears to have a tendency to result in normal left ventricular and left atrial volumes, as well as to lessen left ventricular hypertrophy, without significantly improving left ventricular function. PMID- 7037024 TI - Hyponatraemia as a marker for high renin heart failure. AB - The factors that might activate the renin-angiotensin system in treated heart failure were explored. Serum Na+ correlated inversely with plasma renin activity. The degree of congestive heart failure measured by right atrial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac index, and systemic vascular resistance did not correlate with plasma renin activity. Similarly, renal function as measured by blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and urinary Na+ excretion did not correlate with plasma renin activity. In a prospectively screened group, seven patients with congestive heart failure who were found to be hyponatraemic had plasma renin activities greater than 15 ng/ml per h. Serial determinations in one patient showed plasma renin activity to vary inversely with the serum Na+. It is concluded that serum sodium can be used to identify those patients with congestive heart failure who have a high plasma renin activity. The value of identifying these high renin heart failure patients was seen in their response in four cases to specific therapy with a converting enzyme inhibitor. PMID- 7037025 TI - Haemodynamic and myocardial metabolic effects of captopril in chronic heart failure. AB - In 15 patients with chronic left ventricular failure caused by ischaemic heart disease, cardiac output and right heart pressures were measured before and after the oral angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, which was administered in increasing doses. In 12 of 15 patients, coronary blood flow, and in 11 patients myocardial oxygen extraction and consumption and lactate extraction were also determined before and after captopril therapy. Cardiac index and stroke volume index increased by an average of 25% and 27%, respectively. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure also decreased in all patients (average 27%), suggesting improved left ventricular function. The rate-pressure product, coronary blood flow, and myocardial oxygen consumption decreased significantly; in one of 11 patients there was myocardial lactate production, despite decreased myocardial oxygen demand and consumption. These findings suggest that in patients with chronic heart failure, improved left ventricular function with captopril is generally associated with decreased metabolic cost and that deterioration of metabolic function occurs infrequently. PMID- 7037026 TI - Pharmacokinetics of competitive muscle relaxants. PMID- 7037027 TI - Antagonism of neuromuscular blockade. PMID- 7037028 TI - Suxamethonium. PMID- 7037029 TI - Kinetics of prostacyclin synthetase in umbilical artery microsomes from normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. AB - 1 Prostacyclin synthetase in umbilical artery microsomes obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics. 2 The maximum velocity (Vmax) of prostacyclin synthetase prepared from normal umbilical arteries was significantly higher than the Vmax of prostacyclin synthetase in umbilical arteries taken from pre-eclamptic pregnancies. 3 The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of the two prostacyclin synthetase preparations was significantly different with the synthetase from pre-eclamptic arteries have a higher affinity for substrate. 4 The limiting factor for prostacyclin synthesis is Vmax at high substrate concentrations which appears to be the case in umbilical arteries. However, at low substrate concentration there would be no difference in prostacyclin synthesis by the two forms of prostacyclin synthetase. PMID- 7037030 TI - Oxprenolol, methyldopa and lipids in diabetes mellitus. AB - 1 Twelve-week courses of oxprenolol and methyldopa were administered in a randomised, double-blind cross over study to ten insulin dependent hypertensive diabetics. 2 Prior to treatment, and at the end of each period of drug administration, fasting levels of high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, free fatty acids and cholesterol were measured. 3 Neither preparation altered levels of high density lipoprotein and cholesterol, but both drugs significantly reduced the free fatty acids. 4 Whereas oxprenolol did not alter triglyceride levels, methyldopa significantly elevated triglycerides above pre-treatment values. 5 Oxprenolol does not appear to influence lipoprotein fractions affecting the relative risks of coronary heart disease, but methyldopa seems to have potentially detrimental effects of triglyceride levels. PMID- 7037032 TI - Interaction between flurbiprofen and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7037031 TI - Assessment of nephrotoxicity. PMID- 7037033 TI - High-dose melphalan with autologous marrow for treatment of advanced neuroblastoma. AB - A group of 12 children with advanced neuroblastoma (7 Stage IV and 5 Stage III), selected by their initial response to chemotherapy with pulsed cyclophosphamide/vincristine/Adriamycin (CVA), were given consolidation therapy with high-dose melphalan (140 mg/m2) and then surgical removal of residual disease. Twenty-two high-dose melphalan procedures were combined with autologous marrow grafting to offset myelotoxicity and were well tolerated. In each of 2 additional children, procedures carried out without marrow autografting led to serious marrow and mucosal toxicity. There were no treatment-related deaths. In 7/11 patients with evaluable computerized tomographic (CT) scans there was a decrease in maximum diameter of the primary tumour after melphalan. Complete response was achieved in 6 patients, of whom 3 are well and have no evidence of disease at 35, 33 and 18 months from completion of all treatment; however, although survival (median 23 months) of all 12 autografted patients is longer than that of 28 comparable children treated between 1970-77 with conventional chemotherapy (median 14 months) the difference is not statistically significant. High-dose melphalan is a safe and tolerable treatment in children when combined with autologous marrow grafting, but further study is required to determine whether the procedure can improve prognosis for patients with advanced neuroblastoma. PMID- 7037034 TI - A controlled study of slow-release theophylline and aminophylline in patients with chronic bronchitis. AB - Twenty patients with chronic bronchitis who were also receiving beta-agonist inhalers entered a single-blind cross-over study comparing slow-release aminophylline (Phyllocontin) 325 mg twice daily and slow-release theophylline (Rona-slophyllin) 250 mg twice daily with placebo. 16 subjects who completed the study showed no objective or subjective benefit with either active preparation. Eight of the 16 patients achieved plasma theophylline levels of greater than 10 micrograms/ml on each of the drugs but no benefit was found when this group was analysed separately. PMID- 7037036 TI - Severe acute asthma: a comparison of three methods of inhaling salbutamol. AB - The effects of salbutamol inhaled by three different methods were compared in groups of adult patients with severe acute asthma. 2 x 400 micrograms Rotacaps was the optimum dose of dry powder but about 40% of patients failed to respond to it. 5 mg salbutamol nebulized with IPPB resulted in a significant increase in peak expiratory flow rate when given before or after either Rotacaps or salbutamol nebulized without IPPB, whereas neither the dry powder nor the nebulized drug without IPPB resulted in significant change when given after salbutamol nebulized with IPPB. The extra benefit derived with IPPB is only slight and requires a device of appropriate characteristics. Occasional patients fail to respond to salbutamol inhaled by any means, generally those with the most severe airflow limitation. PMID- 7037035 TI - Comparison of twice daily administration of a new corticosteroid budesonide with beclomethasone dipropionate four times daily in the treatment of chronic asthma. AB - The efficacy and side-effects of a new corticosteroid aerosol, budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate were assessed in 30 patients with chronic asthma in a double-blind cross-over study. Budesonide was administered, 200 micrograms twice daily, from a conventional pressurized aerosol with a tube spacer extension attached and beclomethasone was given via a conventional inhaler in the recommended four times daily dose of 100 micrograms, each treatment being administered for one month. No clinically significant differences were found between the two treatments and no significant side-effects were observed. PMID- 7037037 TI - Severe oral lichen planus: treatment with an aromatic retinoid (etretinate). AB - A double-blind study of twenty-eight patients with severe oral lichen planus treated with etretinate (75 mg daily) or a placebo for 2 months, showed that the oral retinoid had a marked beneficial effect. Nine non-responders who had received only placebo then entered an open cross-over study and they responded well to etretinate. Etretinate thus provided effective symptomatic relief for severe oral lichen planus, but side-effects were common, and six patients stopped treatment because of them. PMID- 7037038 TI - Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon by intravenous infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2). PMID- 7037039 TI - Reticular erythematous mucinosis: light and electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and histochemical findings. AB - Five patients with reticular erythematous mucinosis were studied by skin biopsy and phototesting. Light microscopy showed a dermal mononuclear cell infiltrate (composed largely of lymphocytes), separation of collagen bundles and fragmentation of elastic fibres. Histochemical stains showed increased dermal mucin with a profile consistent with hyaluronic acid. In one case, the ultrastructural distribution of mucin was demonstrated using colloidal iron staining, electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. In two cases, virus-like tubular aggregates were identified in the cytoplasm of dermal endothelial cells and pericytes. Immunofluorescent staining for immunoglobulins, fibrin and complement was negative. PMID- 7037040 TI - Deposition of complement C1q in primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis. AB - Deposition of immunoglobulins and complement components was studied in twelve cases of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis by direct immunofluorescence microscopy. C1q was detected in amyloid islands in ten cases by immunoglobulins and C3 were found in only a few cases. It is suggested that C1q may be one of the nonepidermal components of cutaneous amyloid. PMID- 7037041 TI - Response to injury of skin involved and uninvolved with psoriasis, and its relation to disease activity: Koebner and 'reverse' Koebner reactions. AB - We studied the response to a standard skin injury in the involved and uninvolved skin of twenty-four subjects with psoriasis to determine whether a relationship exists between disease activity and the Koebner reaction. We found that 25% of patients had a positive Koebner reaction and 67% had a positive 'reverse' Koebner reaction (psoriasis clearing following skin injury). If psoriasis occurred in one area of injury, all injured areas developed psoriasis, and 'all-or-none' phenomenon. If psoriasis cleared from the traumatized area, no psoriasis occurred in the uninvolved sites. The 'reverse' Koebner reaction and the Koebner reaction are thus mutually exclusive. Disease activity, by our criteria, did not predict a positive Koebner reaction, but a positive Koebner reaction did predict subsequent disease activity. These observations suggest that humoral factors govern the development of clearing or psoriasis after a standard injury. PMID- 7037042 TI - Acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia associated with intrinsic platelet dysfunction and constitution ring 21 chromosome in a young boy. AB - A 3-year-old boy with pancytopenia and a paucity of circulating blast cells was found to have acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia. Histopathologic investigation of the bone marrow biopsy disclosed replacement by megakaryoblasts and mild-to moderate reticulin fibrosis, the megakaryocytic origin of these cells was confirmed by their staining properties and by cross-reactivity with rabbit anti rat platelet serum. Treatment with adriamycin and cytosine arabinoside induced a complete remission of this otherwise rapidly fatal disease. Before chemotherapy, the patient's platelets showed decreased aggregation in response to thrombin and adenosine diphosphate, as well as a defective thrombin-induced serotonin release reaction. Neither functional defect resolved after remission induction, indicating that the platelets were intrinsically abnormal. Most striking was the finding of a constitution chromosomal defect, a ring No. 21 chromosome, in addition to an abnormal malignant stem line. This appears to be the first reported instance of a constitutional r(21) chromosome associated with acute leukaemia. PMID- 7037043 TI - Feto-maternal consequences of high-dose glucose infusion during labour. AB - The effects on the fetus of high doses of glucose given to the mother in labour to correct maternal ketonuria were investigated. Three groups of patients were compared: one group received 1 litre of 10% (w/v) glucose intravenously over 1 h, the second group received 1 litre of 0.9% sodium chloride solution intravenously over 1 h and the final group had no supplementary infusion. It was observed that whereas glucose administration rapidly corrected maternal ketonaemia, there was a significant fall in pH and a rise in lactate in fetal blood. These effects were not observed in the other two groups. It was concluded that the use of high doses of intravenous glucose in labour should be avoided. PMID- 7037044 TI - Extraction and identification of trophoblast cells circulating in peripheral blood during pregnancy. AB - Trophoblast cells circulating in peripheral venous blood during pregnancy were extracted by differential centrifugation and identified by indirect immunofluorescence with antitrophoblast microvillus antibody. In a study where trophoblast identification was checked by blind comparison with non-pregnant control subjects' trophoblast cells were detected in six out of 10 pregnant women studied. PMID- 7037045 TI - Antenatal prediction of urinary tract infection in pregnancy. AB - Prediction of urinary tract infection in pregnancy by bacteriuria testing is unsatisfactory; if resources are short, the taking of a careful history of previous urinary tract infection is almost as effective. Restriction of bacteriuria testing to the women with such a history would be more economical than routine testing and would give better specificity (but not sensitivity) than bacteriuria testing or history taking alone. PMID- 7037046 TI - Addition of pindolol to routine medical therapy: a clinical trial. AB - A double-blind study of pindolol eye drops 0.5% was carried out on 24 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Pressures were taken once weekly during three 3 week periods. In one of the periods placebo was given in both eyes, during another pindolol was given in one eye, and during another it was given in the other eye. A drop in pressure averaging 2.79% was found in eyes receiving pindolol compared with the period when they were receiving saline. Substantial placebo effects were found when in-trial pressures were compared with pretrial, but the placebo effects were avoided in the analysis of the pindolol effect. Blood pressure and pulse rates were not significantly affected. There was slight evidence of pindolol in one eye affecting the contralateral eye but little evidence of persistence of hypotensive effects after cessation of treatment. PMID- 7037048 TI - A study of the thermic responses to a meal and to a sympathomimetic drug (ephedrine) in relation to energy balance in man. AB - 1. Sixteen adult male volunteers were selected on the basis of body size and customary food intake: half could be described as "lean' and habitually consuming large amounts of food (group mean +/- SEM: 15.03 +/- 1.13 MJ/d), the high-energy intake group (HEI group), and half though "lean' admitted to a weight problem and regularly consumed a lower than average food intake (group mean +/- SEM: 6.90 +/- 0.39 MJ/d), the low-energy-intake group (LEI group). 2. Energy expenditure was measured by open-circuit indirect calorimetry. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was recorded. A meal (Complan, either 2.1 MJ or 4.2 MJ), ephedrine hydrochloride (0.25 mg and 0.50 mg/kg body-weight) or a water control were then administered and metabolic rate (MR) was measured for 4 h. Blood was collected before and 1 h after the meal or drug, and the serum analysed for various hormones and blood metabolites. 3. The size of the thermic response to feeding but not the time course was related to meal size in both groups. MR increased by 21.6 and 28.6% in the HEI group and by 8.2 and 20.0% in the LEI group in response to the 2.1 and 4.2 MJ Complan meals respectively. Fasting insulin levels were similar in both groups but showed a significantly higher level in the LEI than HEI group after the Complan meals. 4. The mean RMR increased by 5.2 and 10.3% in the LEI in response to ephedrine and by 15.7 and 11.2% in the HEI groups after 0.25 mg and 0.50 mg ephedrine/kg respectively. The rise in serum-free fatty acids in response to ephedrine was significantly higher in the HEI group than in the LEI group. 5. These results suggest (1) the meal size required to promote a maximum thermic effect is smaller in energetically-inefficient individuals (2) the sensitivity to a sympathomimetic drug is also increased in energetically-inefficient individuals. 6. We conclude that in energetically-efficient individuals both the thermic response to a meal and the sympathetic-mediated thermogenesis are lower than in energetically-inefficient ones. PMID- 7037047 TI - Cardiovascular effects of epinephrine and dipivalyl epinephrine applied topically to the eye in patients with glaucoma. AB - The cardiovascular effects of topical ophthalmological preparations of 2% epinephrine (EPI), 0.1% dipivalyl epinephrine (DPE), and placebo were studied in double-blind fashion in 20 patients with glaucoma. Both drugs and placebo produced a decrease in heart rate (2 +/- 3 beats/min) which, although small, was highly significant (p less than 0.001). Neither drug not placebo produced a significant effect on mean or systolic blood pressure (BP) over the group as a whole (p greater than 0.1). However, 5 of 20 patients responded to EPI with a significant rise in mean or systolic BP (defined as a change greater than mean change +/- 2 SD), whereas there were no such responses to DPE or placebo. One patient developed marked ventricular ectopy after EPI. We conclude that EPI may cause cardiovascular side effects in a high percentage of patients (25% in this study) through individual susceptibility rather than a predictable effect. DPE, a new epinephrine analogue, appears to be devoid of these effects. PMID- 7037049 TI - Metabolic effects of a mixed and a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet in man, measured over 24 h in a respiration chamber. AB - 1. The relation between dietary carbohydrate: lipid ratio and the fuel mixture oxidized during 24 h was investigated in eleven healthy volunteers (six females, and five males) in a respiration chamber. Values of the fuel mixture oxidized were estimated by continuous indirect calorimetry and urinary nitrogen measurements. 2. The subjects, were first given a mixed diet for 7 d and spent the last 24 h of the 7 d period in a respiration chamber for continuous gas exchange measurement. The fuels oxidized during 2.5 h or moderate exercise were also measured in the respiration chamber. After an interval of 2 weeks from the end of the mixed-diet period, the same subjects were given an isoenergetic high carbohydrate low-fat diet for 7 d, and the same experimental regimen was repeated. 3. Dietary composition markedly influenced the fuel mixture oxidized during 24 h and this effect was still present 12 h after the last meal in the postabsorptive state. However, the diets had no influence on the substrates oxidized above resting levels during exercise. With both diets, the 24 h energy balance was slightly negative and the energy deficit was covered by lipid oxidation. 4. With the high-carbohydrate low-fat diet, the energy expenditure during sleep was found to be higher than that with the mixed diet. 5. It is concluded that: (a) the composition of the diet did not influence the fuel mixture utilized for moderate exercise, (b) the energy deficit calculated for a 24 h period was compensated by lipid oxidation irrespective of the carbohydrate content of the diet, (c) energy expenditure during sleep was found to be higher with the high-carbohydrate low-fat diet than with the mixed diet. PMID- 7037050 TI - Glucose metabolism in vivo in fed and 48 h starved goats during pregnancy and lactation. AB - 1. Glucose turnover (i.e. glucose entry and utilization rates) in fed and 48 h starved goats during pregnancy and lactation was determined using a continuous infusion of [U-14C)- and [3-3H]glucose. 2. Glucose synthesis and utilization increased during pregnancy and lactation in fed but not in starved goats. 3. Recycling of glucose-C was approximately 10% in fed animals and 15-20% in starved animals and was unaffected by the stage of pregnancy or lactation. 4. Plasma glucose concentrations were maintained during pregnancy and lactation in fed goats but decreased during 48 h starvation in pregnant goats. Little change was seen in the plasma concentration of lipids and their metabolites during pregnancy and lactation in fed goats, but increases were observed after 48 h starvation. 5. The control of glucose metabolism in ruminants during pregnancy and lactation is discussed. PMID- 7037051 TI - Fluorescence quenching of liver alcohol dehydrogenase by acrylamide. AB - The quenching of the fluorescence of liver alcohol dehydrogenase by acrylamide has been studied as a function of excitation and emission wavelength. Downward curving Stern-Volmer plots are found, providing further support for the notion that Trp-15 of the protein is surface exposed and that Trp-314 is extensively buried within the protein. The acrylamide quenching of the binary complex formed between the protein and NAD+ was also studied. The quenching pattern in this case is found to be complicated due to the interaction of acrylamide with the binary complex. Independent evidence for the fact that acrylamide binds to the binary complex is obtained from enzyme inhibition studies and from NAD+ binding studies showing acrylamide to bind with positive cooperativity with respect to the coenzyme. When the interaction of acrylamide with the binary complex is taken into consideration, however, the quenching data can be interpreted as indicating that the binding of NAD+ to the protein does not induce a conformational change that leads to the exposure of Trp-314. PMID- 7037052 TI - Raman spectral evidence for a mu-oxo bridge in the binuclear iron center of ribonucleotide reductase. AB - The Raman spectrum of the B2 subunit of Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase shows a peak at 496 cm-1 that appears to be in resonance with the 370-nm electronic transition of the binuclear iron center in both the native and radical free forms of the protein. Exposure of the protein to H218O causes the peak to shift to 481 cm-1, indicating that the vibrational mode is due to an Fe-O moiety in which the oxygen can exchange with solvent. The rate of oxygen exchange (kobsd = 8.3 x 10-4 s-1) is consistent with a mu-oxo-bridged structure. Protonation of the oxygen is unlikely since the Fe-O vibration fails to shift to lower frequency in D2O. Instead, there is a gradual increase in the vibrational frequency with time to a maximum value of 502 cm-1 after 3 h in 70% with time to a maximum value of 602 cm-1 after 3 h in 70% D2O. Apparently, the deuteration of successive protein functional groups causes a slight alteration in the structure of the binuclear iron center. The resonance Raman characteristics of the Fe-O-Fe group in protein B2 are similar to those previously reported for the mu-oxo-bridged binuclear iron center in hemerythrin. A further similarity between the two proteins is the high degree of alpha-helical content. Circular dichroism measurements place this value at approximately 60% for the B2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase. PMID- 7037053 TI - Molecular behaviour of glycosphingolipids in interfaces. Possible participation in some properties of nerve membranes. PMID- 7037054 TI - Side-specific analogues for the rat adipocyte sugar transport system. PMID- 7037055 TI - The peptidyltransferase center of Escherichia coli ribosomes: binding sites for the cytidine 3'-phosphate residues of the aminoacyl-tRNA 3'-terminus and the interrelationships between the acceptor and donor sites. AB - The substrate specificity of the acceptor site of peptidyltransferase of Escherichia coli 70 S ribosomes was investigated in Ac-Phe-tRNA . poly(U) . 70 S ribosome (system A) and tRNC-A-Phe . poly(U) . C-A-C-C-A-Phe . 70 S ribosome (system B) systems by using C-C-A-Gly, C-C-A-Phe, C-A-Gly and C-A-Phe as analogs of the 3'-terminus of aminoacyl-tRNA. It was found that an addition of CP residue to C-A-Gly and C-APhe resulted in an increase of the acceptor activity in system A; the increase is more remarkable for C-A-Gly than for C-A-Phe, while the acceptor activities of C-C-A-Gly and C-C-A-Phe are roughly similar. On the other hand, dramatically increased binding affinities of C-C-A-Phe and C-C-A-Gly relative to C-A-Phe and C-A-Gly for the A site of peptidyltransferase were observed in system B using an inhibition assay; C-C-A-Phe binds much more strongly than C-C-A-Gly. The results indicate the important role of the third CP residue and the aminoacyl moiety of the 3'-terminus of aminoacyl-tRNA in the interaction with the acceptor site of peptidyltransferase, as well as the existence of cooperative effects between A and P sites of peptidyltransferase. These effects, depending on an occupancy of P site, may significant the specificity of the peptidyltransferase A site. PMID- 7037056 TI - Inhibition of the peptidyltransferase acceptor site by 2'(3')-O-cycloleucyl- and alpha-aminoisobutyryl derivatives of cytidylyl-(3'-5')adenosine. AB - 2'(3')-O-(N-Benzyloxycarbonylcycloleucyl)adenosine (1a) was prepared by esterification of 5'-O-(4-methoxytrityl)adenosine with N benzyloxycarbonylcycloleucine in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and subsequent deprotection in acidic medium. The compound 1a was separated into pure 2'- and 3'-isomers using HPLC; these isomers were found to undergo an easy interconversion. Compound 1a was coupled with N-dimethylaminomethylene-2',5'-di-O tetrahydropyranylcytidine 3'-phosphate in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to give, after subsequent deblocking, cytidylyl(3' leads to 5')2'(3')-O-cycloleucyladenosine (1c). Compound 1c, as well as the related cytidylyl(3' leads to 5')2'(3')-O-(alpha-aminoisobutyryl)adenosine (1d), inhibited the peptidyltransferase catalyzed transfer of an AcPhe residue to puromycin in the Ac[14C]Phe-tRNA . poly(U) . 70 S E. coli ribosome system. A half of the maximum inhibition of AcPhe-puromycin formation (at 10(-5) M puromycin) was achieved at 9.5 . 10(-6) M of compound 1c and 9 . 10(-5) M of compound 1d, respectively. The inhibition of the puromycin reaction by compound 1d shows a mixed-type of inhibition kinetics. Further, none of the compounds 1c and 1d was an acceptor in the peptidyltransferase reaction. Both compounds 1c and 1d inhibited the binding of C-A-C-C-A[14C]Phe to the A site of peptidyltransferase in a system containing tRNAPhe . poly(U) . 70 S E. coli ribosomes, in which compound 1d was a much stronger inhibitor than 1c. These results indicate that the derivatives such as compounds 1c and 1d which contain an anomalous amino acid with a substituent in lieu of alpha-hydrogen can interfere with the peptidyltransferase A site; however, they are not acceptors in the peptidyltransferase reaction probably due to a misfit of the alpha-substituent. PMID- 7037057 TI - The effects of insulin on myocardial metabolism and acidosis in normoxia and ischaemia. A 31P-NMR study. AB - 1. The effect of insulin on the perfused rat heart during normoxia and total ischaemia was studied by 31P-NMR. 2. During normoxic perfusion, insulin increased the phosphocreatine to ATP ratio at the expense of Pi, when glucose was the substrate. No change was observed when acetate was used as the sole substrate. the intracellular pH (as measured from the position of the 2-deoxyglucose 6 phosphate resonance peak) was unaffected by insulin treatment. 3. Infusion of insulin prior to ischaemia caused an increase in the rate and extent of acidosis during the period of no flow while the rate of ATP depletion was decreased. 4. Freeze-clamped studies showed an increase in glycogen levels upon insulin treatment of the glucose perfused rat heart. During ischaemia, a decrease in glycogen content concomitant with an increase in lactate was observed. The accessibility of glycogen to phosphorylase during ischaemia is increased as a result of insulin treatment. The control of glycolysis during ischaemia is discussed with respect to the content and structure of glycogen in heart tissue. PMID- 7037058 TI - Effects of trypsin on binding of insulin and concanavalin A and on glucose and proline transport in the R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma. AB - Effects of trypsin treatment on insulin and concanavalin A binding to, and glucose and proline transport in, dissociated R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma cells were examined. Reduction of binding of 125I-labelled insulin was dependent on the amount of trypsin used, the temperature and the time of the incubation period. Under conditions that reduced insulin binding by greater than 75%, transport of glucose and proline was reduced by less than 15%. Scatchard analysis of insulin binding after trypsin treatment yielded slopes similar to those from cells not exposed to trypsin, assuming either two classes of receptors or an average affinity, Ke. Dissociation of bound insulin from untreated or trypsin treated cells was enhanced by addition of excess unlabelled ligand. Insulin added in vitro, which decreased glucose transport in untreated cells, produced a decrease in glucose transport in cells treated with trypsin for 5 min (insulin binding was decreased 35%), but not in cells treated for 45 min (insulin binding was decreased 90%). Binding of the plant lectin concanavalin A was also reduced by trypsin treatment, but to a lesser extent and with a different time-course than for insulin. Scatchard analysis of the binding of concanavalin A in untreated and trypsin-treated cells yielded comparable values for Kd. The insulinomimetic actions of concanavalin A on glucose transport were abolished after brief exposure to trypsin. Pre-treatment of cells with concanavalin A reduced insulin binding and partially protected insulin receptors from trypsin digestion, but the inability to remove all of the concanavalin A precluded its use as a method to protect insulin receptors. Thus, in this rat mammary tumor, the number, but not the affinity or functional activity, of insulin receptors can be reduced by trypsin treatment without significant effects on glucose or A system amino acid transport. PMID- 7037059 TI - [Regulation of cell division in Escherichia coli]. PMID- 7037060 TI - Identification by neutron scattering of tRNA-induced aggregation of Escherichia coli tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. PMID- 7037061 TI - Effect of monovalent cations on assimilation of tetracycline antibiotics by bacteria. AB - The action of monovalent inorganic cations -Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, NH4+ - on assimilation of tetracycline antibiotics by Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria sensitive and resistant to these antibiotics, was studied. It was found that K+ ions and, to a lesser degree, Rb+ and NH4+ ions, stimulate assimilation of tetracyclines by these microorganisms when incubated in Tris-buffer. The action of K+ ions is exhibited over a wide range of concentrations from 0.1 to 20 mM. In the case of Staph. aureus the action of K+ and Rb+ is exhibited after lag phase about 5 min in duration, but in the case of E. coli, the action of these ions is exhibited soon after their addition to the incubation medium. In all cases NH4+ ions act without a lag phase. The possible mechanisms of the effect of inorganic cations on assimilation of tetracyclines by bacteria are discussed. PMID- 7037062 TI - Identification and quantitation of methotrexate and methotrexate metabolites in clinical high-dose therapy by high pressure liquid chromatography and field desorption mass spectrometry. AB - High-pressure liquid chromatography in combination with field desorption mass spectrometry as techniques of high specificity and sensitivity have been applied to the identification and quantitation of the anticancer drug methotrexate and its metabolites which occur in clinical high-dose therapy. Field desorption mass spectra of methotrexate and several methotrexate and folic acid derivatives, when investigated as free acids or ammonium salts, yield abundant protonated molecular ions and a consistent pattern of structurally significant fragments. High pressure liquid chromatographic separation of methotrexate metabolites was performed on reverse-phase, C-18 columns using a volatile, ammonium bicarbonate/acetate containing mobile phase that was especially suited for the field desorption mass spectral analysis of isolated metabolites, and provided the definite identification of 7-hydroxymethotrexate and 4-[[2,4-diamino-6 pteridinyl]methyl]methylamino]-benzoic acid in serum and urine of patients treated with high-dose methotrexate. The high intensity and stability of the [MH]+ ions was found suitable for the quantitation of methotrexate and related folate analogues by field desorption mass spectrometry. A synthetic methotrexate derivative, methotrexate-gamma-(2-hydroxy)ethyl-amide was used as internal standard for the quantitative determination of methotrexate in serum and urine. In a study to comparatively assess the potential of specific quantitation methods, serum and urine levels of methotrexate and its major metabolite, 7 hydroxymethotrexate were determined by (i) an enzyme immunoassay, (ii) reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and (iii) field desorption mass spectrometry. Results obtained from four patients with osteogenic sarcoma receiving high-dose methotrexate/leucovorin rescue therapy consistently show the sustained elimination of 7-hydroxymethotrexate over several days, thus indicating the utility of specifically monitoring this nephrotoxic metabolite, at massive methotrexate doses. PMID- 7037063 TI - The mass spectrometry of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. AB - All aspects of the use of mass spectrometry for the identification and quantitation of chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins are critically reviewed. The mass spectra obtained by various ionization methods are discussed. Numerous mass spectral techniques and cleanup procedures are covered, with emphasis on their interrelationships. These techniques have been applied to the determination of chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in many different matrices, including product materials, such as chlorophenols and phenoxy acid herbicides, and toxicological and environmental materials such as cattle, fish, rodent and human tissues. Formation and degradation studies, which include thermal chemistry, photochemistry and chemical stability and degradation, are presented. Numerous considerations in the handling and quantitation of chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, such as interferences, detection limits and recovery studies, are evaluated. PMID- 7037064 TI - The control of membrane organization by electrostatic forces. PMID- 7037065 TI - Calcium ions and the control of proliferation in normal and cancer cells. AB - Several lines of evidence suggest tha Ca2+ ions control cell proliferation: Ca2+ entry into cytoplasm acts as a general mitogen; serum and serum-replacements induce Ca2+ influx; the Ca2+ concentrations in growth media required to support the proliferation of normal cells are much higher than those required for cancer cells; serum and growth factors reduce the Ca2+ requirements of normal cells; tumour promoters alter Ca2+ fluxes via a mechanism used principally by growth factors. Minor supporting evidence includes the effects of various drugs and viruses, and the behaviour of tumour cell mitochondria and intercellular junctions. It is still not possible to decide exactly where and when inside cells the critical effect of Ca2+ on proliferation occurs, but we discuss at length the practical problems of understanding Ca2+ movements in tissue-culture cells. Carried to its logical conclusion, present evidence suggests that an overridden or bypassed Ca2+ control process may be the key, common determinant of unrestrained proliferation in cancer cells. PMID- 7037066 TI - Two monoclonal antiplatelet antibodies as markers of human megakaryocyte maturation: immunofluorescent staining and platelet peroxidase detection in megakaryocyte colonies and in in vivo cells from normal and leukemic patients. PMID- 7037067 TI - Differential role of fractionated heparin in antithrombin-III proteolysis. AB - Commercial heparin was fractionated by affinity chromatography on immobilized antithrombin-III (AT-III) into nonbinding (NB), lower affinity (LA), and high affinity (HA) heparin, with specific anticoagulant activity of 9, 205, and 284 U/mg, respectively, Each fraction, in microgram quantities, was examined in the reaction of alpha-thrombin with a molar excess of 125I-labeled AT-III. Proteolysis of residual AT-III was assessed on the basis of distribution of radioactivity in SDS-polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis. In the presence of HA heparin, 36% of AT-III participating in the reaction was degraded into a 50,000-dalton inactive fragment. Similarly designed proteolysis obtained in the presence of LA heparin was 21%, while in the presence of the NB fraction, or in the absence of heparin, only 8% of inhibitor was in the fragment form. When added to human plasma together with purified thrombin, both HA and LA heparin caused functional and electrophoretic changes suggestive of AT-III proteolysis. These observations support the concept that the conformational change, induced by binding of heparin, exposes specific polypeptide bonds susceptible to thrombin, except that nonproductive proteolysis may then occur even more rapidly than the formation of a stable enzyme-inhibitor complex. This, in turn, suggests that the presence of highly active heparin may contribute to reduction of the protective inhibitor in blood, if induction of proteolysis by thrombin is in effect. PMID- 7037068 TI - Effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on human platelets. AB - The effect of pure synthetic PAF (1-0-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphorylcholine) was studied in human platelets. PAF (0.2--2.0 micrograms/ml) produced a dose-dependent aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or platelet suspension obtained by gel-filtration (GFP). In addition, PAF (0.8 microgram/ml) induced secretion of 14C-serotonin (45% +/- 10%; mean +/- SD, n = 9) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) (12.89 +/- 3.81 micrograms/10(9) platelets; n = 9) in PRP. Similar results were obtained in GFP. Aggregation and release of 14C serotonin and PF4 were inhibited by the metabolic inhibitors 2-deoxyglucose (16.7 mM) and antimycin-A (8.3 micrograms/ml), by the membrane-active drugs mepacrine (10 microM) and chlorpromazine (0.025 mM), by PGI2 (5.34 nM), which elevates intracellular c-AMP, by indomethacin (10 microM) or aspirin (100 microM). The ADP scavengers, creatine phosphate and creatine phosphokinase (CP/CPK), inhibited the second wave of aggregation but not secretion. These data suggest that the major effect of PAF on human platelets is mediated through the cyclo-oxygenase pathway and not through a third pathway. PMID- 7037069 TI - The phenotype of the neoplastic cells of hairy cell leukemia studied with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Eighteen cases of hairy cell leukemia were studied with a battery of polyclonal anti-Ig and nine monoclonal antibodies to determine the lineage of the hairy cells (HC) and the stage of their maturation arrest. Hairy cells tend to nonspecifically bind many antisera and precautions had to be taken to avoid nonspecific fluorescence of the cells. All but one case was reactive with one light chain type and one or more heavy chain isotype antisera as reported before. All cases studied were positive for monomorphic HLA-DR determinants, using monoclonal antibody 7.2. Most cases tested (6/7) were positive with the B-lineage related antibody PI 153/3. While most cases (15/18) were nonreactive with the B lineage related antibody BA-1, they became positive (5/5) following in vitro culture. Seven out of nine cases were reactive with OKM1. Common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) was absent in all (15) cases tested and the ALL associated structure p24/BA-2 was absent from 16 of 18 cases. HC from none of the cases were clearly positive with the T-cell antibodies 9.6., or TA-1, whereas in only 1/18 the cells reacted with T101. The results of this study support the B cell lineage of most HC, and show the presence of multiple phenotypes. In combination with the surface Ib present on the cells, a hierarchy of phenotypes is postulated, with SIg-ormu delta, BA-1+, PI 153/3+, HLA-DR+ being the most immature, and SIg(alpha) gamma, BA-1-, PI 153/3-, HLA-DR+ the most mature. PMID- 7037070 TI - Fibronectin mediates attachment of Staphylococcus aureus to human neutrophils. PMID- 7037071 TI - Differing responses of globin and glycophorin gene expression to hemin in the human leukemia cell line K562. AB - The human leukemia cell line, K562, produces embryonic and fetal hemoglobins and glycophorin A, proteins normally associated only with erythroid cells. Hemoglobin accumulation is enhanced by exposure of the cells to 0.05 mM hemin. We have examined K562 cells before and after exposure to hemin to determine whether expression of these erythroid proteins was shared by all cells or confined to specific subpopulations. Globin gene expression was examined by quantitation of globin mRNA sequences, using a 3H-globin cDNA molecular hybridization probe. Constitutive cells produced globin mRNA, the content of which was increased 3-4 fold by hemin. Cell-to-cell distribution of globin mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization of 3H-globin cDNA to constitutive and hemin-treated K562 cells. Virtually all cells in the culture exhibited grain counts above background, indicating globin gene expression by all cells, rather than a confined subpopulation. Virtually all hemin-treated cells had 3-5-fold higher grain counts, indicating uniformly increased globin gene expression. The glycophorin content of K562 cells was estimated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of cells labeled with fluorescein-labeled antiglycophorin antiserum. The vast majority of constitutive cells contained glycophorin, but exhibited to apparent increase in glycophorin accumulation after hemin exposure. Thus, glycophorin and globin genes exhibited differential responses to hemin. These differences could reflect normal differences in the patterns of specialized gene expression in stem cells. Alternatively, different aberrations of gene expression could be occurring in response to the determinants of the neoplastic properties of K562. PMID- 7037072 TI - 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate related enzymes and DNA polymerase alpha activities in bone marrow cells from patients with vitamin B12 deficient megaloblastic anemia. AB - The activities of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH3THF) related enzymes and DNA polymerase alpha were determined in bone marrow cells obtained from patients with vitamin B12 deficient megaloblastic anemia and compared with those from healthy volunteers and patients with hemolytic anemia. 5-CH3THF homocysteine methyltransferase activity was significantly lower than that in the control subjects. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity was only slightly elevated to that in the control subjects. DNA polymerase alpha activity was significantly higher than that in the control. High deoxyuridine suppression test values in vitamin B12 deficient bone marrow cells were improved by tetrahydrofolate, but not by 5-CH3THF. These data indicate that, even though the reverse reaction catalyzed by 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase may be operative in vitamin B12 deficiency, it is not sufficient to correct the disturbance in folate metabolism in vitamin B12 deficiency. Increased DNA polymerase alpha activity may be due to compensation for disarranged DNA synthesis. PMID- 7037073 TI - Regulation of smooth muscle actomyosin. PMID- 7037074 TI - Recent developments in allogeneic marrow transplantation for the treatment of severe aplastic anemia. PMID- 7037075 TI - The platelet adhesion immunofluorescence test: a modification of the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test. AB - Platelets can adhere to surfaces by forming pseudopods. This ability is made use of here to simplify conventional platelet suspension immunofluorescence tests, since steps like serum and FITC incubations, washing and microscopic evaluation are done on platelets adhered to glass surfaces. By eliminating time-consuming manipulations like washing in individual test tubes and mounting platelets to microscopic slides, large scale studies can now be performed (up to 480 tests per day and technician). Antibodies can be detected with fresh as well as with frozen platelets from a well defined cell panel. The PAIFT is 2 to 3 times more sensitive than the NIH-standard-micro-lymphocytotoxicity-test (NIH-LCT), thus allowing earlier recognition of alloimmunization of patients. PMID- 7037076 TI - [Adriamycin and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Preclinical studies in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - We investigated the toxicity of adriamycin (ADM) in dogs with regard to autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Gastrointestinal toxicity limited the dose of ADM in single administration (3.0 mg/kg) and chronic cardiotoxicity in repeated administration (9 X 1.5 mg/kg every two weeks). The recovery of hemopoiesis was complete within 25 days after single and repeated doses of ADM as indicated by the restoration of blood counts and concentration of hemopoietic precursors (CFUc) as well as proliferate activity of bone marrow. At this time bone marrow was obtained and reinfused after total body irradiation (TBI) with 10 Gy. Single and repeated doses of 1.5 mg/kg ADM did not delay recovery of blood counts after autologous BMT as compared to transplantation of untreated marrow - in contrast a single dose of 3.0 mg/kg ADM did. Our results indicate that toxicity of ADM is not influenced by autologous BMT. Previous shorter therapy with conventional doses of ADM does not preclude autologous BMT. PMID- 7037077 TI - Immunohistology of graft-versus-host disease mediated skin lesions and its correlation to a large granular lymphocyte surface phenotype and function. AB - Skin lesions of five patients presenting with acute and chronic Gvhd after bone marrow transplantation were analyzed on frozen tissue sections using selected monoclonal antibodies against various T-cell determinants and HLA-antigens in order to define immunological phenomena characteristic for cutaneous damage seen in various GvHD states. Four of these patients showed marked increase of a certain T-cell subpopulation positive for HLA-D region products in the upper dermis. A considerable number of these T-cells seemed to show cytotoxic reactivity on the basal cell layers of the epithelium and to correlate with the appearance of an OKT4-, OKT8+, HLA-DR+ T-cell subset in the peripheral blood presenting natural killer (NK) cell like activity on various targets. Ia antigen expression on keratinocytes observed in one patient with chronic GvHD could result from a rapid and irregular turnover of epidermal cells affected by continuous stimuli of these T-cells. Further immunological studies on skin biopsies of patients with different states of GvHD and autoimmune diseases may lead to valuable diagnostic criteria for an early and accurate assessment of various skin lesions in patients after bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7037078 TI - [2 N methyl 9 hydroxy-ellipticine in treatment of metastatic breast cancers (author's transl)]. AB - A phase II trial was conducted in 57 patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer given 2-N-methyl 9-hydroxy-ellipticine (NMHE) as 100 mg/m2 weekly. Evaluation of response, after at least 4 injections, was possible in 46 patients. Two complete regressions (of 3 and 12 months) and 7 regressions of over 50 p. cent were observed, a total regression rate of 19 p. cent. Regression was mainly observed in cutaneous or subcutaneous metastases. No objective regression was noted for pulmonary or hepatic metastases. Bone metastases were not taken in account when assessing response to treatment. Absence of haematological changes must be emphasized. The most frequent side effects were anorexia, nausea +/- vomiting and dryness of mouth. Major toxicity was intravascular haemolysis, observed in 6 of 175 patients receiving NMHE in the Institut Gustave-Roussy, always controlled by symptomatic treatment. This product, of acceptable efficacy in breast cancer treatment, will probably occupy an original place in anti-cancer chemotherapy because of its lack of myelotoxicity. PMID- 7037079 TI - Bronchoconstriction and gas mixing in canine and pig lungs. PMID- 7037080 TI - Bright's disease and Bright's generation--toward exact medicine at Guy's Hospital. PMID- 7037081 TI - The origins and growth of the Dispensary movement in England. PMID- 7037082 TI - Reform at Harvard Medical School, 1869-1909. PMID- 7037083 TI - Births and deaths in a London parish: the record from the registers, 1654-1693 and 1729-1743. PMID- 7037084 TI - Life insurance and the physical examination: a chapter in the rise of American medical technology. PMID- 7037085 TI - "Doctors' orders": the American medical profession and the origins of automobile design for crash protection, 1930-1955. PMID- 7037086 TI - Perspectives on academic health sciences libraries in the 1980s: indicators from a Delphi study. AB - A Delphi study was undertaken to identify the changes in library roles and functions that the directors of academic health sciences libraries believe will occur over the next decade. The methodology is described and the results are summarized. Two scenarios resulted: one, highly desirable; the other, highly probable. They overlap by 64%. Library directors expect moderate evolutionary changes in the next ten years. Users are perceived to be the force maintaining the status quo, while technology is the force advancing change. The adoption of technology is seen as desirable and within the libraries' span of control. Education and service roles of librarians will expand. Library and institutional priorities are seen as obstacles to change. PMID- 7037087 TI - [Possibility of in vivo formation of N-nitroso compounds from drugs and nitrite (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037088 TI - [Studies on analysis of pesticide residues in foods (XXXIII). Determination of EDB (ethylene dibromide) residues in litchi (lychee) fruits imported from Formosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037089 TI - [Mycological survey of mayonnaise, salad dressings, margarine and shortening for standardization purposes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037090 TI - [Mycological survey of convenience foods and dehydrated milk for standardization purposes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037091 TI - [Metabolic activation of p-nitrotoluene and trichloroethylene by rat-liver S9 or mouse-liver S9 fractions in Salmonella typhimurium strains (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037092 TI - Adult communicating hydrocephalus. AB - In patients with the triad of gait disorder, dementia, and incontinence and, in addition, a predisposing cause for the ventriculomegaly demonstrated on a CT scan and no mass, a shunt should be carried out. In cases in which there is no known aetiology for the ventricular enlargement, the cerebral sulci are widened, or the complete triad is not present, I would monitor intracranial pressure for 24--48 hours. It remains to be seen whether further quantification of the CT scan will supplant the need for intracranial pressure monitoring. Brain biopsy is not routinely performed. Many basic as well as clinical questions remain to be answered. For example, it is by no means certain that the natural history of NPH is one of progressive deterioration--some patients appear to remain stable (Hughes et al, 1978). An offer to carry out a shunt is made immediately on diagnosis in the belief that any deterioration that occurs through delay may not be reversible. Furthermore, how can patients with NPH who present with an atypical picture be identified (Crowell et al, 1973; Rice and Gendelman, 1973; Sypert et al, 1973)? Unfortunately, more liberal provision of CT scanning services will be required to tackle these problems. For the present we must be content with more detailed clinical analysis of these patients and a controlled trial to determine the best method of carrying out shunts. PMID- 7037093 TI - Diazepam, propranolol and their combination in the management of chronic anxiety. AB - The therapeutic benefit of combining propranolol with diazepam over either of these drugs given alone was tested in a placebo-controlled crossover study with twenty-four chronically anxious out-patients. The combination was generally more effective than diazepam. Diazepam was more effective than placebo or propranolol. A reduction in the resting pulse rate by propranolol of more than 7.5 beats per minute resulted in a greater therapeutic response to this drug, alone and in combination. Lesser degrees of pathology responded better to treatment. Psychological factors in treatment showed themselves to be important in moderating pharmacological response. Chronically anxious patients generally derived little benefit from continued anti-anxiety treatment. PMID- 7037094 TI - Delirium and confusion in the 19th century: a conceptual history. AB - Delirium remained a stable psychiatric category until the early 19th century when it underwent aetiological and phenomenological redefinition, precipitating the transformation of the functional insanities into psychoses. Confusion, introduced by French workers during the second half of the century, referred to a syndrome wider than (but including) delirium. It emphasized chaotic thinking and cognitive failure. The notion of clouding of consciousness (and temporo-spatial disorientation) established a common denominator for the two concepts, while Chaslin and Bonhoeffer redefined confusion and delirium as the stereotyped manifestations of acute brain failure. PMID- 7037095 TI - Psychiatric aspects of diabetes--a physician's view. PMID- 7037096 TI - Sexuality and mental handicap: a review. PMID- 7037097 TI - The impact of social skills training within an established in-patient treatment programme for anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7037098 TI - Propranolol in experimentally induced stress. AB - The influence of beta-adrenoceptor antagonism on the effects of a single experimental stress was investigated in 12 healthy volunteers, using a double blind protocol. A single oral dose of 80 mg propranolol reduced the stress induced increase in heart rate and systolic blood pressure to 49.9 per cent and 8.3 per cent respectively compared to 61.0 per cent and 17.4 per cent with placebo. The rise in diastolic blood pressure was small and unaffected by beta adrenoceptor blockade. The rise in temperature of the skin of the trunk was significantly reduced by propranolol. The self-rating of anxiety, alertness and concentration by the subjects was unaffected by propranolol. PMID- 7037099 TI - Pilot study of amino acids in senile dementia. PMID- 7037100 TI - Clomipramine and exposure for chronic obsessive-compulsive rituals: III. Two year follow-up and further findings. AB - Forty chronic ritualizers were given clomipramine or placebo from weeks 0 to 36; also all had exposure in vivo, half from weeks 4 to 10 (30 hours) and half from weeks 7 to 10 (15 hours). In the 37 patients available at week 114 there were substantial and maintained improvements in rituals, mood and social adjustment compared to week 0. Reduction of rituals was even greater in those who had 30 hours of exposure. There was no drug effect on rituals at two year follow-up. Greater initial anxiety or depression predicted the superiority of clomipramine over placebo from weeks 10 to 36 and more prescription of tricyclics in follow up. However, two years outcome was not predicted by initial anxiety or depression, nor by sex, age, age of onset nor duration of rituals. PMID- 7037101 TI - Clinical trial of a test stick to control patient compliance under nomifensine treatment. AB - A reliable and rapid way of assessing patient compliance is the use of a semi quantitative drug determination in the urine. Almost all urines were positive to a microchromatographic test stick 2-6 hours after 25 or 100 mg nomifensine was taken orally by healthy normal volunteers. The test reliability between different observers varied between 76 and 100 per cent. False positive results were regularly observed with carbamazepine and triamterene, and false negatives or weakened reactions with lithium. The test is reliable and highly 'time-specific'. Its applicability is, therefore, restricted to very specific questions. PMID- 7037102 TI - Side effects and placebo amplification. AB - A sample of placebo-controlled tricyclic antidepressant studies was examined retrospectively to determine whether there was any difference in the relative efficacy of the tricyclic when it was compared against an inert placebo as against an active (atropine) placebo with anticholinergic side effects. Fewer studies showed a significant difference between atropine placebo and drug than between inert placebo and drug. The possibilities that atropine has a specific antidepressant effect, or that side effects amplify placebo responses are considered. PMID- 7037103 TI - A pilot study of hydroxyurea in hormone "escaped" metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. AB - Twenty-two patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate no longer responsive to hormonal therapy with stilboestrol 1 mg tds have been studied in a Phase II clinical trial of hydroxyurea 80 mg/kg body weight every third day after discontinuing their hormonal therapy. There was a partial objective response in 22.7%, a stable state response in 13.6% and a subjective response in a further 31.8%. The patients who showed a response to treatment survived longer than those who did not show a response and with a better quality of life. The response rate was higher in patients who started treatment without significant delay after diagnosis of relapse. Metastatic disease responded better than the primary tumour. Side effects were not a significant problem. PMID- 7037104 TI - Prostacyclin in prostatic cancer: a better marker than bone scan or serum acid phosphatase? AB - Prostaglandins have been implicated in the development and spread of malignant tumours. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of prostaglandins in benign and malignant prostatic tissue showed that prostacyclin (PGI2), a prostanoid known to induce bone resorption, was the major component. PGI2 is hydrolysed to 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha. Plasma levels of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha were measured as an index of PGI2 formation in patients with benign and malignant prostatic disease. The mean plasma 6-oxo- level in an age-matched control group was comparable to that of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. A significant elevation was found in patients with a TO carcinoma (P less than 0.05). Plasma 6-oxo- levels rise with advancing disease and the concentration varied with the degree of tumour differentiation. Plasma 6-oxo-levels were a more accurate monitor of disease progression than tartrate labile acid phosphatase in patients with M1 carcinoma. Persistently elevated levels were associated with a bad prognosis. PMID- 7037105 TI - Tamponade and injection sclerotherapy in the management of bleeding oesophageal varices. AB - One hundred patients with bleeding oesophageal varices were randomized into two treatment groups after resuscitation. One group was managed by tamponade only (group 1); the other group (group 2) was treated by endoscopic injection of oesophageal varices. The patients in group 2 were further subdivided into 25 patients (group 2a), who had tamponade applied immediately after sclerotherapy, and 25 patients (group 2b), who had sclerotherapy without subsequent tamponade. Injection of varices controlled the acute bleeding episode more effectively than tamponade (74 per cent in group 2 v. 42 per cent in group 1). There was no significant difference in the overall mortality rate of the two groups, but group 2 had a significantly higher proportion of Child's grade C patients (38/50 v. 29/50 = 76 v. 58 per cent). If only Child's grade C patients are considered, 16 out of 29 (55 per cent) died in group 1, whereas only 12 out of 38 (32 per cent) died in group 2 (P less than 0.05). Tamponade applied after sclerotherapy had no demonstrable effect on the outcome of sclerotherapy. The long term follow-up of patients (maximum 4 years) showed that recurrence of bleeding was less in the sclerotherapy group (8.1 per cent) than in the tamponade only group (27.6 per cent; P less than 0.05). PMID- 7037106 TI - Immunodiagnostic techniques in veterinary microbiology. PMID- 7037107 TI - Examination of ovine foetal fluid for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the dye test and an indirect immunofluorescence test specific for IgM. PMID- 7037108 TI - Goat medicine and surgery. PMID- 7037109 TI - [60 years of the Bratislava Medical Journal]. PMID- 7037110 TI - [History of the Slovak-Soviet relationship in medicine]. PMID- 7037111 TI - [Eulogy of Maurice Aubry]. PMID- 7037112 TI - [The Pasteur Institutes overseas: their aims and operation]. PMID- 7037113 TI - [The work of the military Health Service of the French-speaking Black Africans]. PMID- 7037114 TI - [The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in coma following resuscitated cardiac arrest: evaluation of its efficacy by the study of cerebral energy metabolism]. PMID- 7037115 TI - [Current epidemiological, clinico-biological and therapeutic aspects of acute carbon monoxide poisoning]. PMID- 7037116 TI - [Functional value of the pisiform bone in the grasping mechanism]. PMID- 7037117 TI - [Elements protecting the arterial wall from atherosclerosis: apropos of silicon]. PMID- 7037118 TI - [Little known effects of vitamin A]. PMID- 7037119 TI - [The National Academy of Medicine and the state of health of the French]. PMID- 7037120 TI - [Iron and infections]. PMID- 7037121 TI - [Psychosomatic disorders produced by noise]. PMID- 7037122 TI - [In praise of Bernard Halpern]. PMID- 7037123 TI - [Obituary of Pierre Moulonguet-Doleris 1890-1981]. PMID- 7037124 TI - [How to manage cytologically suspected cervical cancer]. PMID- 7037125 TI - [20 years of hospital care at home under Public Assistance]. PMID- 7037127 TI - [Occupational asthma]. PMID- 7037126 TI - [Combined vaccinations against grippe and pneumococcal infections]. PMID- 7037128 TI - [Littre at the Academy of Medicine]. PMID- 7037129 TI - [Double-contrast barium enema]. PMID- 7037130 TI - [The birth of radiology in France. The work of Etienne Destot in Lyons]. PMID- 7037131 TI - [Harmful effects of noise in modern life]. PMID- 7037132 TI - [Address of the Secretary of Environmental Protection: physiopathologic impact of noise]. PMID- 7037133 TI - [Harmful effects of noise on the auditory apparatus]. PMID- 7037134 TI - [Harmful effects of noise in neurology and psychiatry]. PMID- 7037135 TI - Serodiagnosis of the role of opportunistic bacteria in cases of burn wound sepsis. AB - In the present study, the antibody titres in the serum of 21 patients with burns were analysed against various Gram-negative organisms, infecting the wounds of these patients. Antibody titre was determined on the first, fourth and tenth day of admission. The rise in antibody titre was correlated with the age of the patient, degree and area of burns and clinical status of the burn wounds. PMID- 7037136 TI - Histological identification of prolonged survival of a skin allograft on an extensively burned patient. AB - We applied skin allografts obtained from 38 unrelated volunteers to a very extensively burned female patient. Seven months after skin transplantation, one allograft from a male still survived clinically. In order to ascertain that the graft site resulted from growth of the male donor skin, the allografted area and patient's own unburned normal area were examined by the fluorescent staining of Y body (Y-chromosomal fluorescence). Y-body was detected in 57 per cent and 65 per cent of cells from the grafted area, whereas no fluorescence was detected in the patient's own unburned normal area. These observations suggest that one allograft from an unrelated donor survived for 221 days on a very extensively burned subject. PMID- 7037137 TI - Cellular immunity in burns. AB - Evaluation of cellular immunity in burns was undertaken using the following parameters: T-cell count; blastoid transformation and macrophage migration inhibition factor index (MIF). Their influence upon bactericidal index was also measured as T-cell count per mm3 and in percentage was found to be depressed in parallel, probably due to some cellular immune in parallel, probably due to some cellular immune functions active at the burned site. Blastoid transformation and MIF index were found to be depressed in parallel especially in major burns, i.e. above 25 per cent. These parameters had a significant influence upon the bactericidal index thus enhancing its activity to a considerable extent when values of the former were approaching near normal limits. PMID- 7037138 TI - A multi-centre clinical evaluation of isoflurane. PMID- 7037139 TI - Effect of carbon source on growth rate and phospholipid composition of Escherichia coli 15T- and an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph. AB - Escherichia coli 15T- was grown with glucose, succinic acid, aspartic acid, oleic acid, and oleic plus aspartic acids as carbon sources, and a fatty acid auxotroph derived from 15T- was grown on oleic acid and oleic plus aspartic acids. The doubling time, phospholipid composition, phosphorus content, and the fatty acid composition of the phospholipids of cells in each of the media were determined. In all cases, phosphatidylethanolamine was the major phospholipid present; but with 15T- its concentration was inversely proportional to the doubling time in unsupplemented media. With the auxotroph the phosphatidylethanolamine concentration was essentially unchanged with growth. Total lipid phosphorus was inversely proportional to doubling time, an effect particularly evident with the auxotroph. Without oleic acid supplementation, the major effects of carbon source on fatty acid composition are decreases in the content of palmitoleic acid and increases in the content of cis-9, 10-methylene hexadecanoic acid as growth rate decreases. Oleic acid supplementation elevated 18:1 fatty acid content in both 15T- and the auxotroph. PMID- 7037141 TI - John Bell, MD--teacher to William Osler. PMID- 7037140 TI - George Mellis Douglas: typhus and tragedy. PMID- 7037143 TI - Randomized clinical trial of supportive follow-up for cigarette smokers in a family practice. PMID- 7037142 TI - Benefits and risks of circumcision. AB - Circumcisions are performed either prophylactically in the neonatal period or therapeutically at a later age. About 10% of males not circumcised at birth will eventually require circumcision. The present neonatal circumcision rate is about 80% in the United States and 40% in Canada. The single most important determinant of whether a newborn male will be circumcised is the attitude of the attending physician. The literature was reviewed to determine the proven benefits of circumcision and to compare these with the known risks. Circumcising the newborn facilitates penile hygiene, prevents cancer of the penis and decreases the incidence of genital herpes in later life. Whether it decreases the incidence of cancer of the cervix is still uncertain. More important, neonatal circumcision is associated with much lower morbidity and mortality and with lower costs than therapeutic circumcision. Thus, prophylactic circumcision is recommended for the male population as a whole. PMID- 7037145 TI - James Grant: ship's surgeon on the ill-fated Empress of Ireland. PMID- 7037144 TI - Oral contraceptives: effect of folate and vitamin B12 metabolism. AB - Women who use oral contraceptives have impaired folate metabolism as shown by slightly but significantly lower levels of folate in the serum and the erythrocytes and an increased urinary excretion of formiminoglutamic acid. The vitamin B12 level in their serum is also significantly lower than that of control groups. However, there is no evidence of tissue depletion of vitamin B12 associated with the use of oral contraceptives. The causes and clinical significance of the impairment of folate and vitamin B12 metabolism in these women is discussed in this review of the literature. Clinicians are advised to ensure that women who shop taking "the pill" because they wish to conceive have adequate folate stores before becoming pregnant. PMID- 7037146 TI - The "hot spleen" phenomenon in metastatic malignant melanoma: its incidence and relationship with the immune system. AB - Of patients with Stage II and III malignant melanoma, 34.7% display reversal of the liver-spleen ratio on technetium-99m-sulphur colloid isotope scans. Such an occurrence does not suggest a greater likelihood of relapse or a worse survival. The phenomenom is more common in female patients and there is a significant relationship between the presence of a "hot spleen" and a high IgM level. Patients with Stage II disease and high IgM levels have relapses more quickly than do those with normal IgM levels. Lymphopenia is common in patients with Stage II and III disease and the survival of these patients is worse than that of those with normal lymphocyte counts. In this report, the data are discussed together with results from other investigations, and a unifying hypothesis is presented which explains the phenomenon and relates it to increased activity of macrophages as a result of the presence of the tumor. The usefulness of isotope liver scanning in stage III malignant melanoma is also discussed. PMID- 7037147 TI - A combined morphologic and immunologic approach to the diagnosis of gastrointestinal lymphomas: I. Malignant lymphoma of the stomach (a clinicopathologic study of 22 cases). AB - Twenty-two cases of primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which occurred over a 20-year period, were reviewed. Eighteen tumors were studied using an immunoperoxidase method, and the presence of intracytoplasmic monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) in nine (50%) suggested a B-cell origin. Four tumors (22%) contained intracytoplasmic muramidase (lysozyme), suggesting a true histiocytic origin. Five tumors (28%) did not contain immunoglobulin or muramidase. The muramidase-positive "true histiocytic lymphoma" could not be differentiated from histiocytic lymphoma of lymphocytic origin using light microscopic examination alone. The patients with B-cell lymphoma survived significantly longer than patients in the other two groups. The differentiation between true histiocytic lymphoma and other conditions is discussed. PMID- 7037148 TI - Histologic grading study of prostate adenocarcinoma: the development of a new system and comparison with other methods--a preliminary study. AB - A new grading system for adenocarcinoma of the prostate (MDAH System) and its simplified version, both based on the percentage of tumor that is differentiated (gland-forming) or undifferentiated (non-gland-forming), were compared with the grading systems of Mostofi and Gleason. In a study group of 182 patients with Stage C adenocarcinoma of the prostate, the MDAH system identified 84 patients (46%) as Grade 1, 75 (41%) as Grade 2--3, and 23 (13%) as Grade 4. Kaplan-Meier survival curves predicted a 91% five-year survival for Grade 1 patients, a 60% 5 year survival for Grade 2--3 patients, and a 15% five-year survival for Grade 4 patients. Wilcoxon (Gehan modification) tests showed that the survival was significantly different among Grades 1, 2--3, and 4. The MDAH System is an improvement over other grading systems in that it is a simple, low-power microscopic method that depends only on the percentage of gland formation in the tumor and further reflects the biologic behavior of the tumor as measured by the patient's survival. PMID- 7037149 TI - Malignant interstitial cell tumor of the testis. AB - A case of malignant interstitial cell tumor of the testis is reported and the literature is reviewed. Malignant interstitial cell tumors occur exclusively in adults. Gynecomastia was noted in 12% of the cases. Elevated plasma levels or increased urinary excretion of estrogen, 17-ketosteroid, or testosterone were demonstrated in 64% of the patients. Vessel invasion, which occurred in 74% of the patients, appears to be the only reliable histologic feature for predicting malignant behavior. There is no proved sensitivity to radiation or chemotherapeutic regimens in patients with disseminated tumor. Once the diagnosis of malignancy is histologically established, inguinal and retroperitoneal lymph node dissections, even in the absence of clinical evidence of metastasis, may be beneficial in providing early staging of the tumor and, perhaps, in preventing subsequent lymphatic spread. PMID- 7037150 TI - Autologous bone marrow rescue in the treatment of advanced tumors of childhood. AB - High-dose multiagent chemotherapy followed by autologous marrow rescue was used in the treatment of 13 patients with Stage III or IV childhood tumors. Encouraging results are being obtained in abdominal lymphoma (1/3 complete remissions (CR); rhabdomyosarcoma (2/4 CR); and retinoblastoma (1/2 CR). In neuroblastoma, the results are disappointing, with only one of four patients in CR; this patient developed a lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. Marrow reconstitution was obtained in 11 patients, with recovery of neutrophils to greater than 0.5 x 10(9)/liter between six and 30 days and platelet recovery to greater than 50 x 10(9)/liter between seven and 38 days. Investigations on the numbers of cells or committed granulocyte precursors ()CFU c's) infused and parameters of hematologic recovery show poor correlation and suggest that a more accurate and reliable assay for the predictability of cryopreserved marrow to reconstitute marrow function within a reasonable time is necessary. Nonhematologic toxicities of high-dose multiagent chemotherapy are the principal dose-limiting factors. PMID- 7037151 TI - Concepts in causality: chemically induced human urinary bladder cancer. AB - A significant portion of the incidence of human urinary bladder cancer can be attributed to occupational and cultural (tobacco smoking) situations associated with exposures to various arylamines, many of which represent established human carcinogens. A brief historical overview of research in bladder cancer causality indicates that the identification of causal agents and causal mechanism has been approached and rests upon information gathered at the organismal (geographical/historical), cellular, and molecular levels of biologic organization. This viewpoint speaks of a natural evolution within the biomedical sciences; a natural evolution from descriptive approaches to mechanistic approaches; and a natural evolution from more or less independent discipline oriented approaches to hierarchically organized multidisciplinary approaches. Available information relevant to bladder cancer causality can be readily integrated into general conceptual frameworks to yield a hierarchial view of the natural history of urinary bladder cancer, a view consistent with contemporary natural systems and information theory and perhaps relevant also to other chemically induced epithelial cancers. Such frameworks are useful in appreciating the spatial and temporal boundaries and interrelationships in causality and the conceptual interrelationships within the biomedical sciences. Recent approaches in molecular epidemiology and the assessment of relative individual susceptibility to bladder cancer indicate that such frameworks are useful in forming hypotheses. PMID- 7037152 TI - Adriamycin combinations in advanced breast cancer. A Southwest Oncology Group Study. PMID- 7037154 TI - Involvement of the heart by malignant lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study. AB - Although involvement of the heart by malignant lymphoma is relatively common, it is difficult to detect antemortem, and only a small number of studies discuss this subject in the literature. The authors reviewed the 150 patients with malignant lymphoma autopsied at this hospital and studied the 13 (8.7%) who were found to have metastases to the heart or parietal pericardium. Four patients had Hodgkin's disease, and nine non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Cardiac or pericardial disease apparently resulted from retrograde lymphatic spread, hematogenous spread, and direct extension from other intrathoracic tumor masses. In two cases, lymphomatous involvement of the heart and pericardium was the immediate cause of death; in one of these, myocardial infiltration was detected during life. For the group as a whole, the signs and symptoms of cardiac dysfunction were typically absent or nonspecific, and electrocardiograms and thallium imaging were not effective screening tools for lymphoma metastases. The findings suggest, however, that the most destructive form of cardiac involvement is that associated with direct epicardial spread, and that this form appears with cardiac dysfunction, which should clinically suggest its presence. PMID- 7037153 TI - Nodular histiocytic lymphoma: factors influencing prognosis and implications for aggressive chemotherapy. AB - Twenty-five patients with Stage III and IV nodular histiocytic lymphoma (NH), entered on three different Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group protocols from 1972 78, were analyzed for response and survival. A complete response (CR) rate of 44% was observed, with 40% partial responders (PR). Four of the 11 CRs are continuing in their original remission. Median survival for CRs was 52 months; for PRs it was 30 months. The six patients treated with cyclophosphamide-prednisone had a median survival of 18 months versus 51 months for the 19 patients treated with more aggressive combination chemotherapy programs. No significant difference in survival was noted between those patients with both nodular and diffuse histology and those with a pure nodular pattern. The median survival of the 25 NH patients was 47 months and is similar to a group of 101 patients with nodular mixed lymphoma (NM) entered on the same ECOG protocols during this time. This survival is intermediate between the nodular lymphocytic poorly differentiated subtype and diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. It suggests that patients with NH histologies be treated with aggressive combination chemotherapy programs designed to achieve complete remission and prolonged disease-free survival. PMID- 7037155 TI - A randomized prospective clinical trial of adjuvant C. parvum immunotherapy in 260 patients with clinically localized melanoma (Stage I): prognostic factors analysis and preliminary results of immunotherapy. AB - A total of 260 patients with clinically localized melanoma (Stage I) from 18 medical institutions in the Southeastern Cancer Study Group were randomized to receive either surgical treatment alone, or surgery plus Corynebacterium parvum immunotherapy. A multivariant analysis (Cox regression model) of nine prognostic factors was performed on 110 patients with a minimum of two years follow-up. The dominant prognostic variables were thickness (P = 0.0007) and anatomic location of the melanoma (trunk versus other, P = 0.015). Disease-free survival curves were then calculated for 204 surgically evaluable patients. Overall, there was no significant difference in three-year survival for the two-treatment arms, which was 81% for the adjuvant immunotherapy group compared to 67% for the surgical control group (P = 0.10). The median follow-up period was 24 months (range, 1-60 months). However, when the data was subgrouped by tumor thickness, an apparent benefit of immunotherapy was observed in 49 patients with melanomas greater than 3 mm in thickness. Only five of 23 such patients relapsed after receiving C. parvum. Their three-year disease-free survival was 73%. In contrast, 13 of 26 patients who did not receive immunotherapy have relapsed so far and their three year disease-free survival was only 33% (P = 0.01). In the 175 patients with melanomas less than 3 mm in thickness, both treatment arms had identical three year disease-free survival rates of 83%. No significant differences between the treatment arms were observed using other prognostic variables, including the level of invasion. Toxicity to C. parvum injections was minimal in most patients. It is concluded that a prognostic factor analysis is critically important in adjunctive trials of melanoma to determine which dominant variables should be used for analyzing patient subgroups; that C. parvum immunotherapy appears to be associated with an improved disease-free survival rate in the subgroup of patients with melanomas greater than 3 mm thickness (this early encouraging data must still be confirmed with continued patients accrual and a longer observation period); and that patients with melanomas less than 3 mm thickness have a relatively favorable prognosis after appropriate surgical treatment, and immunotherapy does not improve their survival rates. PMID- 7037156 TI - Controlled trial of adjuvant chemotherapy following curative resection for gastric cancer. The Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. AB - Following curative resection for gastric adenocarcinoma, 142 patients were randomized to receive adjuvant chemotherapy of methyl-CCNU and 5-FU or to be closely followed without chemotherapy. The median patient has been followed for four years. At the present time, there have been 38 recurrences and 40 deaths among the 71 patients in the control arm and 28 recurrences with 29 deaths in the group of patients randomized to chemotherapy. Median survival for control patients is 33 months whereas it is estimated to be in excess of four years for the adjuvant therapy group. A survival advantage appears to be associated with adjuvant treatment, a test for treatment difference being significant (P less than 0.03) after adjustment for important covariates. Survival and disease-free intervals are longer in the chemotherapy arm for patients in all prospective stratification subgroups (proximal and total vs distal subtotal gastrectomy, presence or absence of lymph node metastases, invasion of adjacent organs vs confined to stomach wall and location of tumor within the stomach). A final assessment of this surgical adjuvant approach must await complete results of this trial, as well as of others currently in progress evaluating this same concept. PMID- 7037157 TI - Relationship between circulating immune complexes and urinary antigens in human malignancy. AB - Urine samples obtained from patients with histologically proved melanoma and sarcoma were analyzed for the presence of tumor-associated antigens by complement fixation and enzyme immunoassay. Also, serum samples obtained during 24-hour urine collection from these patients were analyzed for circulating immune complexes by the complement consumption method and by the K562 radiometric assay. Of 36 cancer patients who were positive for urinary antigen (UA) by both assays, 28 (78%) were also positive for CIC in the two assays, six (17%) were positive in one of the two CIC-detection assays, and two (5%) were negative in both assays. Of 24 patients that were negative for CIC in both assays, ten (42%) were also negative for UA in both assays, i.e., complement fixation and enzyme immunoassay; 12 (50%) were negative by one of the two assays; and only two (8%) exhibited UA by both assays. This relationship was more striking for melanoma than sarcoma patients. In a melanoma patient whose samples were studied sequentially during his thermochemotherapy, the fluctuations in CIC and UA were parallel. These results suggest that excretion of tumor-associated antigen into urine is not an isolated phenomenon; rather, immune complex deposition in kidneys appears to cause glomerular damage which may allow the passage of the antigens into the urine. PMID- 7037158 TI - Predictive value of tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay for breast, colorectal, stomach and pancreatic cancer. AB - The tube LAI assay measures accurately antitumor immunity in patients with early cancer but fails to detect up to 75% of patients with advanced cancer due to excess circulating organ-specific neoantigen (OSN). Substances such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or aminophylline, which increase intracellular nucleotides in leukocytes of patients with advanced cancer reversed this nonreactivity and greatly increased the sensitivity of the assay without any loss of specificity. Antitumor immunity can now be detected in advanced cancer, and a combination of the two assays gives prognostic potential to the assay: a positive test with PGE2 and negative test without indicates the patient has a large tumor burden. The specificity of the assay for each cancer was high and in most instances was greater than or equal to 95%. The PGE2 stimulated assay retained the high specificity. The sensitivity of the regular tube assay was often low, 33 56% because of the many advanced cancer patients tested, whereas the PGE2 stimulated assay showed almost a two-fold increase in sensitivity, 67-93%. The diagnostic value of the assay was estimated by calculating the predictive value for different prevalences of cancer. It was found that at low prevalences of cancer as found in the general population, the assay had a low diagnostic value since few patients with a positive test would have the cancer tested for. With prevalences of cancer of 5% or greater as might be found in a tertiary care clinical setting, the assay would seem to have diagnostic value since one half or more patients with a positive test would have the cancer tested for. Most false positives, but not all, are found in patients who have lesions that are often considered to increase their risk for cancer: severe dysplasia of the breast, colon adenomas, chronic atrophic gastritis and chronic pancreatitis, suggesting that the assay predicts oncogenesis. PMID- 7037159 TI - Does preoperative irradiation increase the rate of surgical complications in carcinoma of the head and neck? A Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Report. AB - This is a comparison of the rate of surgical complications in a group of patients with advanced but operable carcinoma of the head and neck who underwent surgery after preoperative radiotherapy (5000 rad in five weeks, 200 rad fractions, directed to the primary tumor area and neck) versus another group operated without prior irradiation. Both groups of patients formed part of a randomized prospective multiinstitutional trial of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (73 03). Of 229 patients who had planned operations, 88 (38%) developed some degree of surgical complications, and in 28 (12%) the complications were rated as severe. The most frequently reported complications were delayed healing and fistula formation each occurring in approximately one-fourth of each of the two treatment groups. Carotid blow-out occurred in 5% or less of the cases. No significant statistical difference between treatment groups was noted for the overall complication rate or specific type of surgical complications. A trend was noted towards more complications in the preoperative group for patients with lesions in the oropharynx and supraglottic larynx. However, an opposite trend towards more complications in the no prior irradiation group was observed among patients with lesions in the oral cavity and hypopharynx. Surgical mortality and postoperative hospital stay were not significantly different between treatment groups. We conclude that preoperative irradiation for carcinoma of the head and neck, with the stated dose, followed by surgery in 4-6 weeks, does not substantially increase the rate of overall or specific type of surgical complications, surgical mortality or hospital stay versus those patients operated without prior irradiation. PMID- 7037160 TI - Results in patients with breast cancer treated by radical mastectomy and postoperative irradiation with no adjuvant chemotherapy. AB - In 1963 an electron beam became available, making irradiation of the chest wall technically easy. In addition to peripheral lymphatic irradiation in patients with positive axillary nodes and/or the tumor in the inner quadrants or centrally located, patients with tumor larger than 5 cm or with grave signs and/or a significant incidence of positive axillary nodes received chest wall irradiation. None of the patients has received elective chemotherapy. Disease-free survival rates at ten years are 54% for the overall group, 79% for the patients with negative nodes, 44% for patients with positive nodes, 61% for patients with 1-3 positive nodes, and 33% for patients with four or more positive nodes. The incidence of peripheral lymphatic failures is low as well as the incidence of failures on the chest wall in the patients having had chest wall irradiation. With the availability of electron beam and adjustments in doses, complications are nonexistent. The incidence of treatment failures, local-regional, or distant, that have appeared by ten years are compared with the incidence of failures that were experienced by the placebo patients in the clinical trial of the NSABP of thio-TEPA versus placebo. The clearly lesser incidence of treatment failures in the U.T.M.D. Anderson Hospital patients either suggests that postoperative irradiation may have survival benefits or that the data of the NSABP series are not representative of all series. PMID- 7037161 TI - Whole bone marrow irradiation for the treatment of multiple myeloma. AB - Nine patients with multiple myeloma were treated with whole bone marrow irradiation. Six had heavily pretreated disease refractory to chemotherapy. Three had stable disease lightly pretreated by chemotherapy. A modification of the "three and two" total nodal radiation technique was employed. Although varying and often severe treatment related cytopenia occurred, infectious complications, clinical bleeding, and nonhematalogic complications were minimal. Five of nine patients showed a decrease in monoclonal protein components, and one showed an increase during treatment. These preliminary results indicate that a reduction of tumor cell burden may occur in patients following whole bone marrow irradiation and that the technique is feasible. Whole bone marrow irradiation combined with chemotherapy represents a new conceptual therapeutic approach for multiple myeloma. PMID- 7037162 TI - A randomized comparison of cyclophosphamide, DTIC with or without piperazinedione in metastatic malignant melanoma. AB - One hundred and ninety-five patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were randomized to receive either cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 IV plus DTIC 600 mg/m2 IV day 1 (CD); or cyclophosphamide 400 mg/m2 IV, DTIC 400 mg/m2 IV, and piperazinedione 4 mg/m2 IV on day 1 (PCD). Therapy was repeated every 21 days. Patient groups were similar regarding pretreatment performance status, evaluability, and site of metastases. The overall response rate was low, 11% on CD and 12% on PCD. Paradoxically, patients with visceral disease responded at least as frequently as patients with skin and lymph node metastases only (12% and 6% respectively for CD, and 15% and 5% for PCD). Survival was identical on each treatment program, with medians of six months. The major dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression, which was similar on each treatment program. We conclude that the addition of piperazinedione to cyclophosphamide plus DTIC does not improve the response rate in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Both of the treatment programs (CD and PCD) utilizing one-day DTIC produced response rates slightly (but not meaningfully) lower than those previously obtained with cyclophosphamide plus five-day DTIC. PMID- 7037163 TI - A comparative clinical assessment of combination chemotherapy in the management of advanced gastric carcinoma: The Gastrointestinal Tumor study Group. AB - This report summarizes the results of a randomized multi-institutional clinical trial in advanced gastric carcinoma comparing four combination chemotherapy regimens: 5-FU, Adriamycin + mitomycin C (FAMi); 5-FU, Adriamycin + methyl-CCNU (FAMe); 6-FU, ICRF-159 + methyl-CCNU (FIMe); and 5-FU + methyl-CCNU (FMe). One hundred-eight-one evaluable patients received chemotherapy. These objective tumor response rates were observed among the 59 patients with measurable indicator lesions: FAMi, 3/12 (25%); FAMe3, 3/10 (30%); FIMe, 4/19 (21%); FMe, 1/18 (6%). The survival distributions for the four treatment groups were significantly different (P less than or equal to 0.05), with these median survivals observed (in weeks from the onset of chemotherapy): FAMi, 29.6; FAMe, 34.4; FMe, 22.9; FIMe, 17.4. Two nontreatment variables were found to be significantly associated with survival when analyzed using the Cox covariate model: pretreatment performance status (P less than 0.0001), and presence or absence of measurable metastatic disease (P less than 0.001). After adjustment for the effects of these and other clinical variables, two treatment regimens were found to be associated with improved survival: FAMi therapy (P less than 0.01), and FAMe therapy (P = 0.07). Toxicity was, in general, moderate and consisted primarily of gastrointestinal side effects and myelosuppression. We conclude that the FAMi and FAMe regimens are superior to the FIMe and FMe regimens in the management of advanced gastric cancer. PMID- 7037164 TI - Anaphylactoid reactions to Escherichia coli and Erwinia asparaginase in children with leukemia and lymphoma. AB - The incidence and clinical characteristics of anaphylactoid reactions to intravenous asparaginase were assessed in 196 patients given E. coli asparaginase and 49 patients given Erwinia asparaginase. All patients were given a 50 IU intravenous test dose followed in 30 min by the full dosage (10,000 IU/m2), if no reaction occurred to the test dose. Twenty-nine of 196 patients (14.8%) given E. coli asparaginase had an anaphylactoid reaction, occurring after their first through 12th doses. The probability of an anaphylactoid reaction was significantly greater in those patients not receiving concomitant prednisone vincristine and patients with a hiatus between courses of asparaginase therapy. By logistic regression analysis, other variables such as age, sex, race, diagnosis, total number of doses and concurrent methotrexate or arabinosylcytosine did not contribute significantly to the probability of a reaction. Twenty-three of the patients who had reacted to E. coli asparaginase and 26 patients who had not reacted to E. coli asparaginase were subsequently given Erwinia asparaginase. Seven of these 49 patients (14%) had an anaphylactoid reaction. The probability of a reaction to Erwinia asparaginase was significantly related to a prior reaction to E. coli asparaginase, concomitant prednisone vincristine therapy, total number of asparaginase doses, number of prior E. coli asparaginase doses, and diagnosis, when assessed by a logistic regression model. However, after adjusting for prior reaction to E. coli asparaginase and the total number of asparaginase doses given, the other variables did not contribute significantly to the probability of a reaction. Only 5/29 patients reacting to E. coli asparaginase and 1/7 reacting to Erwinia asparaginase had a reaction to the test dose. None of the reactions were fatal. PMID- 7037165 TI - Nitrite-induced volatile fecal mutagens: some preliminary studies. AB - Further studies are reported on the formation of volatile mutagens from normal human feces incubated with sodium nitrite at 37 degrees C. Volatile mutagens were detected using Ames' Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA1535 on petrie plates inverted over samples in sealed containers. An optimal exposure period was shown to be approximately 24 hours. When plates inverted over samples were replaced periodically, mutagenicity during serial 24 hour or 48 hour periods could be measured. Mutagenicity was optimal during the second 24 hour period and the first 48 hour period with 0.6 M sodium nitrite, and in the first 24- and 48-hour period with 0.2 M sodium nitrite. Subsequent exposure periods showed decreasing mutagenicity with time. Because of the great differences in reactivity with nitrite in stools of healthy volunteers, the effect of mixing "high reacting" samples with "low reacting" samples were investigated. When "low reacting" samples were mixed with "high reacting" samples, a lower mutagenicity of the mixture was observed compared to a predicted "average" value. Autoclaving stool samples made very little difference in nitrite-induced mutagenicity and behavior in mixing experiments. Thus, fecal mutagens arise as a spontaneous chemical process involving nitrite ions and both dietary and flora factors may be important in their production or absence. PMID- 7037166 TI - Burkitt's leukemia: a re-evaluation. AB - Two patients who presented with acute leukemia of Burkitt's cell type are discussed. Although one patient died within four months of diagnosis, the other has maintained a one year clinical complete remission. The clinical and morphologic picture of Burkitt's leukemia is nonspecific and therefore requires complementary studies including cytochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, cell surface markers and cytogenetics studies to establish diagnosis. Serial bone marrow aspirations with marker analyses may detect relapse at an earlier stage than conventional cytology, allowing therapy to be modified prior to overt clinical relapse. PMID- 7037167 TI - Cytogenetic analysis in human bone marrow transplantation. AB - Chromosome and sex chromatin studies have contributed significantly to the evaluation of human bone marrow transplants. In addition to their use in documenting bone marrow engraftment following transplantation, they have been used to (1) evaluate whether recurrent leukemia occurs in donor or recipient cells and whether recovery in aplastic anemia results from growth of host or donor cells, (2) demonstrate the bone marrow origin of pulmonary macrophages and hepatic Kupffer cells, (3) show that bone marrow fibroblasts have an origin different from that of the hematopoietic bone marrow cells, (4) evaluate twin zygosity in preparation for transplantation, and (5) show that the defect in Fanconi's anemia is intracellular. PMID- 7037168 TI - Colchicine affects the distribution of isotope-labeled H2O and extracellular markers in rat liver and hepatomas. AB - Treatment of hepatoma-bearing rats with colchicine (175 or 250 micrograms/100 g body wt) greatly diminished the radioactivity in tumors when measured 10 min after subcutaneous injection of 3H2O. There were relatively small effects of colchicine treatment on the level of radioactivity in blood and little change in the ratio of radioactivity in blood and liver. Inhibitory effects of colchicine were also observed for the distribution in hepatomas of the extracellular markers [3H] methoxy-inulin and [14C] sucrose. An effect of colchicine on circulation in hepatomas may be a factor in the previously reported inhibitory action on metabolite uptake. PMID- 7037169 TI - Insulin-stimulated glucose utilization in adipose tissue from rats bearing Walker 256 carcinoma. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats (125--150 g) were implanted intramuscularly with Walker 256 carcinoma. After 10--14 days, tumor-bearing rats, alone with controls, were killed and the ability of insulin to promote the in vitro utilization of glucose by epididymal adipose tissue was assessed. The sensitivity of free adipocytes and minced adipose tissue from tumor-bearing rats to insulin, as assessed by measurement of the incorporation of glucose into total lipids as well as into the triglyceride fraction of neutral lipids, was significantly less (P less than 0.01) as compared to control animals. Similarly, insulin was considerably less effective at enhancing glycogenesis in vitro in adipose tissue from animals bearing the tumor for 10 days compared to adipose tissue from controls. Adipose tissue from tumor-bearing animals tended to convert less glucose to CO2 in the presence of insulin than did adipose tissue from controls. That this decreased in vitro sensitivity to insulin of adipose tissue from tumor-bearing animals could be the result of simple down-regulation by high levels of circulating insulin can be ruled out by the fact that the presence of the tumor resulted in lower circulating insulin than that in control animals. Serum glucose levels were also lower in tumor-bearing rats than in corresponding control animals. PMID- 7037170 TI - Formation of nitroso compounds and mutagens from cinnarizine, ethambutol, piromidic acid, pyridinol carbamate and tiaramide by drug/nitrite interaction. AB - The formation of nitroso compounds and mutagens from 5 nitrogen-containing drugs (cinnarizine, ethambutol, piromidic acid, pyridinol carbamate and tiaramide) by drug/nitrite interaction was examined. On the reaction of 50 micrometers drug and 500 micrometers nitrite at pH 3.0--3.4 and 37 degrees C for 4 h, the considerable formation of nitroso compounds was observed for ethambutol, cinnarizine and pyridinol carbamate. The reaction product of pyridinol carbamate and nitrite was remarkably mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in the absence of S-9 mix. Under conditions presumed to resemble those in the stomach after ingestion of a therapeutic dose of the drug, the formation of nitroso compounds was observed for ethambutol and significant mutagenicity was detected in the reaction product of pyridinol carbamate. PMID- 7037171 TI - Cigarette smoking may yield nitroarenes. AB - Cigarette smoke condensates are readily nitrated to mutagenic substances exhibiting the properties expected of nitroarenes. In addition, nitroarenes also appear to be generated during the smoking of cigarettes enriched with nitrates. PMID- 7037172 TI - Secretion of a thiol proteinase from mouse mammary carcinomas and its characterization. AB - Spontaneous mammary tumors from C3H/HeJ mice and transplants established from mammary tumors were investigated for their capacity to secrete thiol-dependent proteinase activity in organ culture explants. More activity was detected in culture media from spontaneous tumors than from transplanted spontaneous tumors. The accumulation of thiol proteinase in the culture medium was inhibited by cycloheximide, hydrocortisone, and aldosterone, but not by estradiol or the peptide hormones insulin or prolactin. The thiol proteinase is similar in enzymic properties to lysosomal cathepsin B, but its physical properties are different. It is stable to alkaline pH, has a larger molecular size on gel filtration (relative M.W. 39,000) and shows a different isoenzyme pattern to liver cathepsin B on analytical isoelectric focusing. The characteristics of this thiol proteinase are very similar to an enzyme secreted from malignant human breast tumors. PMID- 7037173 TI - Regulation of insulin binding to human mammary carcinoma. AB - In vitro binding of labeled insulin was measured in crude membrane fractions of tumor and fat obtained at the time of breast cancer surgery in 23 women. There was significant insulin binding in 22 of 23 tumor specimens and in all 23 fat samples. High-affinity binding sites were present in tumors [Ka = 1.38 +/- 0.88 (S.E.) x 10(9) M-1 and adjacent fat membranes (Ka = 1.12 +/- 0.15 x 10(9) M-1]. The level of insulin binding was not related to either estrogen receptor status or tumor histological grade. There was a significant negative correlation between insulin binding to fat membranes and fasting insulin levels. In contrast, there was no significant relationship between insulin binding to tumor tissue and serum insulin levels, suggesting the loss of the capacity to "down-regulate" insulin binding sites by breast tumor cells. The absence of this ability to regulate insulin-binding capacity could result in an increased sensitivity of breast tumor cells to the stimulatory effects of insulin. PMID- 7037174 TI - Phase I clinical investigation of 9,10-anthracenedicarboxaldehyde bis[(4,5 dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)hydrazone] dihydrochloride with correlative in vitro human tumor clonogenic assay. AB - 9,10-Anthracenedicarboxaldehyde bis[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)hydrazone] dihydrochloride (bisantrene) is a new anthracene bishydrazone derivative which was entered into a Phase I clinical trial (one dose weekly for 3 weeks) because it showed significant antitumor activity in a number of animal tumor models and in vitro in the human tumor stem cell assay. When possible, patients were entered into the phase I study if their tumors showed in vitro sensitivity to bisantrene and resistance to standard agents, using a human tumor stem cell assay. Thirty one patients were treated with bisantrene over a 10-month period, starting at a dose of 70 mg/sq m/week. The appearance of leukopenia determined the dose limiting toxicity of bisantrene. The maximally tolerated dose appeared to be 200 mg/sq m in that three of five patients tolerated these weekly-for-3-weeks doses while experiencing only mild or moderate leukopenia. In contrast, the 220-mg/sq m dose caused moderate to life-threatening leukopenia after just two weekly doses in four of five patients. Local bisantrene toxicity included mild to severe arm swelling, phlebitis, pain, urticaria, and erythema in 68% of the patients. In general, these toxicities were well tolerated and rapidly reversible, but two patients had severe local swelling for up to 6 months. In this Phase I trial, bisantrene showed clinical antitumor activity against both hematological cancer (i.e., lymphoma and myeloma) and solid tumors (i.e., bladder, lung, and renal cancer and melanoma). Of importance, four of the six responses occurred in patients whose therapy was selected on the basis of in vitro sensitivity to bisantrene using the human tumor stem cell assay. One patient with disseminated melanoma had complete disappearance of an axillary node metastasis (for more than 6 months) while developing a brain metastasis, suggesting that bisantrene does not concentrate in the central nervous system. PMID- 7037175 TI - Selective toxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine and ascorbate for human neuroblastoma in vitro: a model for clearing marrow prior to autologous transplant. AB - 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a neurotoxin for catecholaminergic neurons and neuroblasts. Since frequent marrow involvement in neuroblastoma restricts the exploitation of stored autologous bone marrow for rescue postchemotherapy, the potential for tumor-specific in vitro specificity of 6-OHDA was studied. The cytotoxic effect of 6-OHDA on 12 human neuroblastoma cell lines was compared to the effect on nonneuroblastoma cell lines. Most neuroblastoma cell lines were very sensitive to 6-OHDA (average concentration killing 50% of cells, 22 microgram/ml; range, 2.8 to 65.4). Cells derived from catecholamine-producing tumors were more sensitive to 6-OHDA than were those from non-catecholamine producers. By contrast, human fibroblasts, lymphoblastoid cell lines, and normal marrow were relatively insensitive to 6-OHDA; the concentration needed to kill 50% of cells for most of these cells exceeded 100 microgram/ml. Leukemia cell lines and a rhabdomyosarcoma cell line were intermediate in sensitivity. Ascorbate and 6-OHDA were synergistic in toxicity for human neuroblastoma cells. Thus, in vitro addition of 6-OHDA and ascorbate was rapidly lethal for human neuroblastoma cells at concentrations which were minimally toxic for hematopoietic cells. This differential toxicity provides a possible means for selective destruction of neuroblastoma cells in bone marrow harvested for autologous transplantation. PMID- 7037176 TI - Effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and phenobarbital on the occurrence and distribution of four cytochrome P-450 isozymes in rabbit kidney, lung, and liver. AB - The effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and of phenobarbital (PB) on the distribution and occurrence of four cytochrome P-450 isozymes, Forms 2, 3, 4, and 6, in the kidney, lung, and liver of adult male rabbits was investigated using immunofluorescence. In the kidney, Forms 2 and 3 were localized in the proximal tubules of both untreated and PB-treated animals, while antibodies to Forms 4 and 6 showed weak to negative staining. In TCDD-pretreated animals, Forms 4 and 6 appeared in the renal endothelium, in addition to staining the proximal tubular epithelium intensely. Form 2 was the only isoenzyme of those studied found to be present in the lungs of normal and PB-pretreated rabbits; it was also present in lungs of TCDD-pretreated rabbits. Form 3 was not detected in any of the rabbit lungs examined. Forms 4 and 6, while not apparent in the lungs of normal or PB-treated animals, were found in the lungs of TCDD-treated animals and also appeared in the endothelium of the pulmonary arteries and veins. All forms tested were present in control liver. The staining for Form 2 was intense in the livers of PB-pretreated animals, as was the staining for Forms 4 and 6 in the livers of TCDD-pretreated animals. Our results indicate that, while PB altered the intensity of staining for Form 2 in the liver and kidney, TCDD altered both the staining intensity and distribution of the isozymes in kidney, lung, and liver, producing, for example, a localization of Forms 4 and 6 in the endothelium of both the kidney and lung which was not seen in either untreated or PB-pretreated rabbits. PMID- 7037177 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for the quantification of mitomycin C using beta-galactosidase as a label. AB - A mitomycin C (MMC) antibody was produced following immunization of rabbits with a MMC-bovine serum albumin conjugate, which was newly synthesized by coupling MMC to mercaptosuccinylated bovine serum albumin via a cross-linker, N-maleoyl aminobutyric acid. Enzyme labeling of MMC was performed using beta-D galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) via m-maleoyl benzoic acid. An enzyme immunoassay for MMC was developed utilizing these reagents by a double-antibody technique. The standard curve of the assay was linear on a logit-log plot, and the lower limit of detection was 12 nM (0.2 ng/tube) so the enzyme immunoassay was found to be approximately 25 times more sensitive than a microbiological assay. Further, the enzyme immunoassay is practically free from interference by any other anticancer drugs. No significant decrease in MMC immunoreactivity was observed following 24 hr of incubation of the drug in normal human serum or urine at 37 degrees. Using this assay, serum or urine levels of MMC can be determined accurately after administration of the drug to rats at a single dose of 600 micrograms/kg. The sensitivity and specificity of the enzyme immunoassay for MMC should provide a valuable new tool for use in pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies of MMC. PMID- 7037178 TI - Deferral of initial therapy for advanced indolent lymphomas. PMID- 7037179 TI - Role of combined-modality therapy in the curative management of advanced-stage "favorable" non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 7037180 TI - Clinical trial of cisplatin and 5-FU infusion as initial treatment for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - Initial treatment with drug combinations that include cisplatin and bleomycin has been effective in reducing tumor in patients with previously untreated epidermoid cancers of the head and neck. Because of the threat of pulmonary complications from bleomycin, patients with poor pulmonary function were excluded from those studies. We conducted a trial using the combination of cisplatin (100 mg/m2) and a 96-hour infusion of 5-FU (1000 mg/m2/day) and achieved a response rate of 88.5% in 26 patients treated with two courses. Five of these patients had complete remissions and 18 had partial remissions. Nausea and vomiting (experienced by 70% of the patients) was the predominant toxic effect, and 26% experienced leukopenia. Although all patients were initially inoperable, six underwent resection following chemotherapy, and another six underwent resection after chemotherapy and irradiation. Two additional patients were treated with radiation therapy after clinically achieving complete remissions following chemotherapy, and another ten received X-ray therapy after chemotherapy. Cisplatin and 5-FU infusion are effective without being as toxic as bleomycin in patients with previously untreated advanced carcinoma of the head and neck. PMID- 7037181 TI - Effect of vinblastine, vincristine, and vindesine on neutrophil phagocytosis and iodination. PMID- 7037182 TI - The DeBakey Center. PMID- 7037183 TI - Evaluation of short-term treatment with 30 mg of quazepam in insomniac outpatients. AB - In a short-term clinical study, 60 insomniac outpatients were randomly assigned to receive either 30 mg of quazepam or placebo orally for five consecutive nights. All measures of sleep quazepam-treated patients had better sleep from the first night of treatment onward. Quazepam is a safe and effective hypnotic agent, and its efficacy is manifested on the first night of administration. PMID- 7037184 TI - Complicated urinary tract infections treated with cefuroxime or cefazolin: a comparative study. AB - In a prospective, randomized study, 58 men with complicated urinary tract infections were divided into two groups and treated intramuscularly with either cefuroxime (0.75 gm) or cefazolin (1 gm) every eight hours for five to ten days. Both groups were comparable in age, weight, and underlying disease of the urinary tract. Patients with creatinine clearance below 25 ml/min were excluded from the study. All infecting microorganisms were sensitive to both drugs, as determined by disk sensitivity testing. One day after treatment, 97% of the urine cultures were negative in both the cefuroxime and cefazolin groups. One week after treatment, 62% and 63% of the cultures were negative in the two groups, respectively. Thus no differences were found in the therapeutic effects of the two drugs. No significant differences were observed in the complete blood count or chemistry evaluations carried out before and after treatment in both groups, nor were any allergic reactions encountered. We concluded that cefuroxime and cefazolin are equally effective and safe in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. PMID- 7037185 TI - [Under the municipal physician's supervision (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037186 TI - [Lymphocytic "resistance" in blood donors and patients after kidney transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037187 TI - [Jaromir Mundy (1822-1894) and his share in the development of emergency medical services (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037188 TI - [Endopeptidase characterization in rat enterocyte brush border (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037189 TI - Isolation of rat intestinal crypt cells. AB - A technique is presented which yields single cells and intact crypts in suspension from unfixed rat intestinal mucosal epithelium. Everted lengths of intestine were digested by 27 mM sodium citrate in phosphate-buffered saline (pH = 7.3) at 37 degrees C. Mucosal cells were dislodged by vibratory stress (hand vortexing) following incubation for prescribed intervals at 37 degrees C in 1.5 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 0.5 mM dithiothreitol (dtt). Alkaline phosphatase determinations, phase microscopy, and in vivo and in vitro evaluations of tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) incorporation were performed on isolated intestinal cells. Data indicate that cells were sequentially derived from villus tip to crypt base as judged by cellular morphology, alkaline phosphatase activity/mg protein and radioactivity per microgram protein. Upon completion of the intestinal cell isolation assay, scanning electron microscopy of the remaining intestine revealed that approximately 95% of the crypt openings were vacant; the villi were totally denuded; the supporting structures, including the lamina propria, appeared intact. In vitro radiolabelling of intestinal cell fractions enriched with crypts revealed a linear incorporation of [3H]TdR from 0 60 min which was strongly influenced by the presence of foetal calf serum (FCS). Measurements of the compensatory response of the mucosa to resection of 70% of the small bowel indicated that the mucosal cell separation is capable of detecting alterations in crypt cell proliferation. Previously, such alterations were monitored by other methods utilizing microdissection procedures or stathmokinetic agents. PMID- 7037190 TI - Ultrastructural evidence of gonadotrophin release from castration cells following injection of LHRH in the rat. AB - To examine the morphological evidence of the nature of hormone release from castration cells the author gonadectomized neonatal male and female rats. Twenty eight days after the operation the animals were pretreated with estrogen, progesterone, or estrogen and progesterone in combination, every other day for one week, and then injected with LHRH 30 min before sacrifice. The administration of LHRH elevated remarkably the serum levels of gonadotrophins (LH and FSH) of neonatally gonadectomized rats. The steroid-pretreated animals showed higher serum levels of gonadotrophins than controls. Simultaneously, active exocytosis of secretory granules was observed in the hypertrophic gonadotrophs or castration cells of neonatally gonadectomized and steroid-treated rats following the injection of LHRH. These results indicate that hypertrophic gonadotrophs or castration cells also release hormone(s) by exocytosis of secretory granules. PMID- 7037191 TI - Contacts between endocrine and exocrine cells in the pancreas. AB - Close contacts between exocrine and endocrine cells were observed in human and rat pancreas. The presence of junctional specializations, including desmosomes, tight and gap junctions, as well as interdigitations between endocrine and exocrine cells, implies that these cells are structurally and functionally associated. PMID- 7037192 TI - The life cycle of the gastrin granule. AB - The ultrastructure of gastrin cells in the rat antrum was analyzed with standardized and quantitative planimetric methods. Resting and active cells were compared. The gastrin cells were activated by removal of the acid-producing part of the stomach (fundectomy). As a result of the serum gastrin concentrations were greatly elevated. Compared with gastrin cells in fasted control rats the gastrin cells in fundectomized rats were increased in number, contained fewer cytoplasmic granules, increased amount of endoplasmic reticulum, and an enlarged Golgi area. Generally, the secretory granules of the gastrin cell displayed a wide range of electron density from highly electron-dense to electron-lucent. They exhibited certain characteristic features: 1) Electron-dense granules made up a greater proportion of the total granule population in active gastrin cells than in resting cells. 2) Electron-dense granules were more frequent near the Golgi stacks than in the periphery of the cell. 3) Electron-dense granules were smaller in size than the electron-lucent granules; hence, small electron-dense granules probably represent young granules (progranules), while large, electron-lucent granules represent mature (old) granules. 4) Electron-dense granules invariably displayed a more intense immunoreactivity than electron-lucent granules. The gastrins are generated from a large precursor molecule. The post-translational processing of this precursor is reflected in the gastrin-component pattern. The gastrin-component pattern in antral extracts of fundectomized and normal fasting rats differed in that the proportion of the gastrin-4-like component was reduced, whereas the gastrin-34-like component was increased in the fundectomized rats. The results suggest a greater proportion of small gastrin components in the mature granules than in the newly formed ones, presumably due to more extensive conversion of larger forms into smaller forms with a longer granule half-life. As a result gastrin-17- and gastrin-34-like components make up a larger proportion of total gastrin in active gastrin cells than in resting gastrin cells. PMID- 7037193 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of somatotropin-like and prolactin-like activity in the brain of Calamoichthys calabaricus (Actinopterygii). AB - Cellular binding of anti-bSTH and anti-oPRL IgG is demonstrated in the brain and the pituitary gland of the African freshwater fish Calamoichthys calabaricus by means of the unlabeled antibody enzyme method at the light microscopic level. In the brain, somatotropin and prolactin are demonstrated in separate neurons in the preoptic area. The somatotropinergic and prolactinergic perikarya are distinct from those of the hypothalamic-hypophysial neurosecretory neurons, i.e., those stainable with aldehyde fuchsin presumed to be vasotocinergic and isotocinergic. The somatotropinergic and prolactinergic neuronal perikarya give rise to separate beaded axons which pass either ventroposteriorly into the infundibulum, terminating in the neurohypophysis, or ventro-laterally through the wall of the preoptic recess, terminating near the superficial capillary bed covering this part of the brain surface. Moreover, coarse dendrite-like processes of both kinds of immuno-reactive neurons extend towards, and end in, the third ventricle. Binding sites in the brain to antisera against hLH beta, hFSH beta, hTSH beta and anti-(1-24) ACTH IgG, all reactive in the pituitary, are not observed in the neurons confined to the preoptic area. PMID- 7037194 TI - Anomalous occurrence of immunoreactive calcitonin cells in the thymus of the rat. AB - In a study of the effect of pinealectomy on thyroid C-cell number, 8 animals out of 66 were found to have thymic tissue in close association with the thyroid. Cells containing immunoreactive calcitonin were found in all of the thyroids but in only one of the 8 pieces of thymus. These cells found in a piece of thymic tissue associated with the right thyroid lobe were located immediately under the capsule and did not form or associate with follicles. Unlike the other animals the rat with thymic calcitonin cells had an unequal distribution of C-cells between the left and right thyroid lobes, but the total number of thyroidal C cells was the same as that of the other rats. Since the thymus proper was not examined in these 66 animals, ten additional rats were taken for such a study. Thyroid-associated thymic tissue was found in three of these, but none of these thymi showed any immunoreactive cells. PMID- 7037195 TI - The origins of defective interfering particles of the negative-strand RNA viruses. PMID- 7037196 TI - Regulation of the S10 ribosomal protein operon in E. coli: nucleotide sequence at the start of the operon. AB - We have determined the DNA sequence of a 1250 base pair segment of the Escherichia coli chromosome that carries the promoter for the S10 ribosomal protein operon, the S10 gene and part of the L3 gene. A DNA fragment carrying the putative S10 promoter was cloned into the plasmid mini-Col E1, which contains a transcription termination signal close to the single Hind II site. Cells harboring the hybrid plasmid produced a relatively stable hybrid mRNA with the expected sequence, demonstrating that the promoter functions in vivo. Comparison of the mRNA sequence around the start of the S10 coding region, the presumed target site for L4 repressor protein, with the known binding site for L4 on 23S rRNA revealed the presence of sequence homologies. This supports the model of the translational feedback regulation of the S10 operon by L4. PMID- 7037197 TI - Genetic organization of the mouse t complex. PMID- 7037198 TI - The yeast plasmid 2 mu circle. PMID- 7037199 TI - RNA polymerase B in polytene chromosomes: immunofluorescent and autoradiographic analysis during stimulated and repressed RNA synthesis. AB - The distribution of RNA polymerase B (or II) in native and fixed polytene chromosomes isolated from salivary glands of Chironomus tentans and C. pallidivittatus was investigated by both indirect immunofluorescence and autoradiography. The chromosomes, especially the Balbiani rings (BR2, BR1 and BR3), were examined during periods of stimulated and repressed RNA synthesis. In repressed BR2a and, after the salivary gland chromosomes had been stretched, in various chromosomal segments, it was possible to establish unequivocally that RNA polymerase B is not confined to puffs, but also occurs in interbands. The enzyme was absent from the bands, or at least there was not enough of it to be detected with indirect immunofluorescence. It was shown that the distribution of the indirect immunofluorescence in the chromosomes concurs with that of the 3H uridine or 3H-UTP labeling. However, RNA polymerase B molecules remain associated with the chromosomal template even after an in vivo alpha-amanitin or actinomycin D treatment to inhibit RNA synthesis. Following heat shocks (37 degrees C to 39 degrees C), transcriptively active RNA polymerase B is still found in interbands, in the BRs and in other puffs that have collapsed as a result of the heat treatment; the greatest enzyme concentrations, however, are in the stimulated heat-shock puffs. PMID- 7037200 TI - Why a rigid tray is important to the putty wash silicone impression method. PMID- 7037201 TI - Further purification of mouse liver gap junctions with deoxycholate and protein composition. PMID- 7037202 TI - Formation of mitochondria during the yeast cell cycle. PMID- 7037203 TI - [Hyperbilirubinemia in Newborns of diabetic mothers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037204 TI - [60th birthday of Dr. A. Bardos]. PMID- 7037205 TI - [The mechanism of hormonal control of enzyme regulation of liver glycogen metabolism]. PMID- 7037206 TI - [Dipeptidyl peptidase IV - a serine exopeptidase of the cellular membrane]. PMID- 7037207 TI - [Oxygen toxicity]. PMID- 7037208 TI - [Tetanus toxin and the mechanism of central depression]. PMID- 7037209 TI - [Ophthalmoscope of Helmholtz - 130 years old (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037210 TI - [The first four heads of department of the Prague Lunatic Asylum. 3. Karl Damian Schroff, medicinae Doctor et Chirurgiae magister (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037211 TI - [The role of social medicine in the history of the education and training of physicians at Charles University]. PMID- 7037212 TI - [Angiographic findings of stenoses of the artery of a allotransplanted kidney (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037213 TI - Correlation of alkylating and mutagenic activities of allyl and allylic compounds: standard alkylation test vs. kinetic investigation. AB - Thirty-nine allylic and non-allylic compounds have been tested in the standard 4 (p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) alkylating procedure and the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay. Fourteen of these were found directly mutagenic (without addition of S-9 mix activating enzyme system). With twelve of these compounds, a good correlation of alkylating and mutagenic potencies was established; the remaining two do not meet the chemical conditions of the NBP procedure on account of HCl elimination with these two compounds. The other 25 substances were inactive in both systems. The quantitative correlation proved to be almost linear in the lower activity ranges (E approximately 2; revertants/muml approximately 600). The reasons for some deviations from the linear relationship have been analyzed and discussed on the basis of structural features. In addition to the standard alkylation test, a modified NBP-test was performed in order to obtain kinetic data and activation energy values. The results with 6 representative allylic compounds show that the overall correlation is not substantially improved above that of the standard procedure: nonetheless, additional information on reaction characteristics is obtained with some substances. PMID- 7037214 TI - Toxicity, interstrand cross-links and DNA fragmentation induced by 'activated' cyclophosphamide in yeast: comparative studies on 4-hydroperoxy-cyclophosphamide, its monofunctional analogon, acrolein, phosphoramide mustard, and nor-nitrogen mustard. AB - Activated cyclophosphamide (CP) is known to achieve its cytotoxic and alkylating capacity upon spontaneous hydrolytic breakdown of the oxazaphosphorine ring structure. Treatment of yeast cells with the chemically activated form of CP (4 hydroperoxy-CP, 4-OOH-CP) and with several potentially toxic cleavage products revealed that cytotoxicity is closely linked to the formation of DNA interstrand cross-links and to DNA fragmentation. While this holds true for 4-OOH-CP and its bifunctional alkylating breakdown products, phosphoramide mustard (PM) and nor nitrogen mustard (NNM), equimolar concentrations of acrolein and the monofunctional analogon of activated CP were inactive. NNM, the ultimate cleavage product within the successive degradation of the oxazaphosphorine structure was five times more toxic than 4-OOH-CP, whereas the cytotoxic action of PM was only slightly enhanced. The high cytotoxicity of NNM was matched by its ability to induce DNA interstrand cross-links: at concentrations and treatment times producing equal cell killing, 4-OOH-CP and NNM produced the same extent of cross linking and DNA fragmentation. Biochemical potency of NNM is in contrast to data found with the NBP colorimetric assay which suggest that NNM loses its alkylating activity at neutral pH. 4-OOH-CP and PM are much more stable than predicted from half-life measurements performed via the NBP colorimetric assay: they retain a considerable fraction of their cytotoxic and cross-linking activity in spite of a 12-h preincubation at pH 7 and 36 degrees C. PMID- 7037215 TI - [Surgical activity of an ophthalmologist in Clermont-Ferrand from 1934 to 1938]. PMID- 7037216 TI - [Postoperative astigmatism]. PMID- 7037217 TI - [Funeral oratory for Prof. Nordmann]. PMID- 7037218 TI - [Surgical treatment of canalicular lacrimal stenosis]. PMID- 7037219 TI - Stimulation of renin release by hyperoncotic perfusion of the isolated rat kidney. AB - Renin release was measured in the isolated rat kidney perfused with a recirculating artificial medium containing bovine serum albumin at 6.7 g per 100 ml of 11 g per 100 ml. At the higher concentration of albumin, glomerular filtration ceased and the rate of renin release over 70 minutes of perfusion was increased 6-fold. The addition of ouabain to the perfusate containing 11 g per 100 ml inhibited the release of renin, suggesting that inhibition of Na-K-ATPase or the related changes in cellular volume or composition prevented renin release. Lowering the osmolality of the perfusate by reducing the concentration of sodium chloride also prevented the increase in renin secretion produced by perfusion with 11 g per 100 ml albumin. Increasing the osmolality of the perfusate with mannitol restored the augmented renin release. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that alterations in the volume of certain cells, perhaps in the juxtaglomerular apparatus itself, can control renin release. PMID- 7037220 TI - Alterations in left ventricular function and coronary hemodynamics with captopril, hydralazine and prazosin in chronic ischemic heart failure: a comparative study. PMID- 7037221 TI - Pregnancy and heart disease. PMID- 7037222 TI - Serum and salivary immunoglobulin A and free secretory component in ulcerative colitis. AB - Patients with ulcerative colitis have been investigated for evidence of defects in secretory immunity. Total serum IgA concentration, serum IgA antibody titres to Candida albicans, salivary IgA and free secretory component concentrations have been measured in thirty-six patients with ulcerative colitis and thirty-six normal controls. None of the parameters was significantly different between patients with proctitis and patients with extensive colitis or between the colitis patients and normal controls. PMID- 7037223 TI - House dust mite counts in different types of mattresses, sheepskins and carpets, and a comparison of brushing and vacuuming collection methods. AB - Mite counts were compared in dust from three types of mattresses. Foam rubber mattresses appear preferable for mite sensitive atopic subjects; the surface of kapok mattresses averaged twice, and innerspring mattresses three times, the number of mites per square metre found on foam rubber mattresses (P less than 0.01). Sheepskins used for infant bedding were also found to be heavily infested, harbouring as many mites per square metre as bedroom carpet. Mite collections are best made with vacuum sampling methods in preference to a brush and results are best expressed in mites/m2. PMID- 7037224 TI - Calcium regulation. AB - Normal calcium regulation depends on the complex interactions of several systems. The specific calcium regulating hormones, parathyroid hormone, calcitriol and calcitonin, affect calcium and phosphorus concentration and supply by acting on bone, kidney and intestine. The changing concentration and supply of ions not only regulate these hormones, but may also influence the function of the target organs, particularly bone, directly. Systemic hormones such as growth hormone and somatomedins, glucocorticoids, sex hormones and thyroid hormone are essential for skeletal growth and development and interact with calcium regulators. Prostaglandins and osteoclast activating factor may be important in local regulation of bone. Disorders of calcium regulation are common, particularly hypercalcemia; however, measurements of parathyroid hormone are not yet ideal and the factors which produce hypercalcemia in malignancy have not been identified. The role of calcium regulating hormones in the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis is controversial. Solution to these problems may be dependent on the identification of additional factors which influence mineral metabolism. PMID- 7037225 TI - The vitamin D system: a view from basic science to the clinic. AB - Vitamin D produced in the skin and absorbed in the small intestine must be modified metabolically before it can function. It is ultimately converted to a hormone in the kidney that stimulates intestine, bone and kidney to mobilize calcium and phosphorus. This results in normal bone development and normal neuromuscular function. The vitamin D hormone appears to act by a nuclear mechanism to facilitate a target organ response. Finally the vitamin D hormone is produced in response to the need for calcium and phosphorus. The calcium need is interpreted by the parathyroid gland that in turn secretes parathyroid hormone. The parathyroid hormone stimulates production of the vitamin D hormone. This constitutes the vitamin D endocrine system that plays an important role not only in calcium homeostasis but in phosphate homeostasis and in calcium economy of the body. A number of disease states including hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy, certain types of vitamin D resistant rickets and osteoporosis can in part be related to disturbance in the vitamin D endocrine system. Thus measurement of the vitamin D hormone and its precursor will be of great value in diagnosis of metabolic bone disease and most importantly, the availability of new vitamin D compounds will play an important role in the treatment of these bone diseases. PMID- 7037226 TI - Recent advances in parathyroid hormone research. AB - The introduction of blood calcium determinations as part of routine health screening procedures in this country has led to the discovery of a much higher incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism than was recognized previously. Research efforts have focused on studies of the cellular defects in the regulation or parathyroid hormone biosynthesis and secretion that are characteristically found in adenomatous and hyperplastic parathyroid glands. The available evidence indicates that the secretory defect probably resides at two levels: (1) a defect in the calcium sensor of the abnormal glands ("set-point" error) and (2) an exaggeration of a small component of autonomous hormone secretion that becomes relevant due to the large mass of glandular tissue. Regulation of parathyroid hormone synthesis appears to be at the level of cell replication (hyperplasia) and at the level of intracellular turnover of hormone. Marked heterogeneity of hormone in the circulation arises as a result of both glandular and extraglandular cleavages of hormone and the predominant circulating form of the hormone are biologically inactive, COOH-terminal fragments. Because most cases of hypercalcemia that accompany cancer are caused by humoral substances other than COOH-terminal fragments should distinguish patients with hypercalcemia due to cancer from those with primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7037227 TI - Insulin biosynthesis and diabetes mellitus. AB - This review reports the use of recombinant DNA techniques in the study of the structure and regulation of expression of insulin genes in man and experimental animals. Insulin biosynthesis by pancreatic islet cells is predominantly regulated by change in plasma glucose concentration. Using a cell-free protein synthesizing system as an assay of functional proinsulin messenger RNA (mRNA), and hybridization analysis with a cloned DNA complementary to proinsulin mRNA, it has been determined that through changes in proinsulin mRNA levels. Insulin genes of the rat, chicken and human have been isolated and sequenced. The 5' ends of the genes have similar sequences suggesting areas important for regulation of transcription. There are two non-allelic insulin genes in the rat, but only one in chickens and humans. Intervening sequences, areas of DNA transcribed into precursor mRNA but which do not appear in mature mRNA, have been described within insulin genes. The insulin gene resides on chromosome 11 of humans as determined by DNA hybridization analysis of mouse human hybrid cells. The structure of the insulin gene in genomic DNA of humans has been analyzed in diabetics and non diabetics. Insertions of DNA between 1500 and 3400 base pairs have been detected near the transcription initiation site in 65% of type II diabetics, and 25-30% of non-diabetics (this difference is significant at the p less than 0.001 level). Limitation of these insertions to this potential promotor region of the insulin gene suggests that they may alter gene expression in type II diabetes. These insertions of DNA may prove to be useful genetic markers for diabetes. PMID- 7037228 TI - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 7037229 TI - Studies on the mechanism of mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension: evidence for the presence of an in-situ mechanism in the arterial wall for a direct action of mineralocorticoids. PMID- 7037230 TI - Human amniotic fluid alpha-glucosidase. AB - Amniotic fluid in midpregnancy contains significant alpha-glucosidase activity. This enzyme is distinguishable from the lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase, deficiency of which is associated with Pompe's disease. The two enzymes differ in optimum pH, thermal stability, electrophoretic migration, isoelectric point, molecular mass, and immunological response. Amniotic alpha-glucosidase is also different from the classical neutral form. Immuno-cross reactions suggest that the amniotic fluid enzyme has a double fetal origin: renal and intestinal. It seems that alpha-glucosidase in amniotic fluid is linked to lipids. PMID- 7037231 TI - Spontaneous variations in renal vein renin activity in man. AB - The spontaneous variations in renal vein renin activity (RVRA) and in peripheral vein renin activity (PVRA) were studied in one normotensive and nine hypertensive patients. Eight of the hypertensive patients had renal artery stenosis on one or both sides. Blood samples were drawn simultaneously from the two renal veins and from a peripheral vein every fifth or tenth minute for one hour. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured by radioimmunoassay. The precision of the PRA assay, expressed as coefficient of variation, was related to the PRA level. A large intra-individual variations was found in RVRA, the RVRA ratio and PVRA even in patients with unilateral renovascular hypertension. The intra-individual variation could not be explained by specimen collection error or by error of the assay procedure. The variation seems to be reflect a biological fluctuation. The clinical implication of these findings is that repeated, simultaneous collection from the two renal veins, avoidance of factors known to decrease renin secretion. and consideration of the relation between the RVRA ratio and RVRA level are of importance in the preoperative evaluation of patients with renal artery stenosis. PMID- 7037232 TI - N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in urine of patients with renal disease, and after renal transplants and surgery. AB - The isoenzyme forms of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) have been studied in the urine of patients with renal disease, those with stable and rejecting renal transplants, and after surgery. Besides the increase in total urinary NAG excretion as an indicator of renal damage, changes were shown in the percentage of the intermediate isoenzyme forms of the enzyme, the greatest increase being demonstrated in the urine of patients following major surgery. Similar changes were found in some patients with rejecting renal transplants, suggesting that hypoxia may be the cause of the renal damage and enzyme release. More marginal increases in isoenzyme forms were found in urine of patients with renal impairment and nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7037233 TI - Hyperplasia, keratosis, dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the vocal cords--a follow-up study. AB - Comparison of reported series of laryngeal lesions is complicated by the inconsistency in the terminology. The classification of these lesions should logically be based on the degrees of dysplasia, as this has a bearing on the prognosis. The material for this study consisted of 193 patients with hyperplasia and/or keratosis, with or without mild dysplasia (Group I), moderate dysplasia (Group II), and severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (Group III). They were treated over a 14-year period (1966-1979) at Linkoping University Hospital. Of the 98 patients in Group I available for follow-up, 23 had repeat excisions. Moderate dysplasia developed in 3 patients, severe dysplasia in 2, and invasive carcinoma in another 2 within 3 and 3.5 years; they both underwent laryngectomy. Among the 24 patients in Group II available for follow-up, severe dysplasia developed in 3 and invasive carcinoma in 3 up to 13 years after the initial diagnosis, all but one (with severe dysplasia) received a full course of radiotherapy, on one case total laryngectomy was subsequently performed for recurrent carcinoma. Of the 39 patients with severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ 16 were given primary radiotherapy; 4 of these developed invasive carcinoma; 3 of them underwent total laryngectomy and one partial laryngectomy. Excision or stripping of the vocal cords was the primary treatment in 23 cases; 5 of these developed invasive carcinoma; 2 of them underwent total laryngectomy. Diffuse lesions and well differentiated forms of severe dysplasia caused most problems and had the highest incidence of invasive carcinoma irrespective of the form of treatment. Patients with hyperplasia, keratosis, dysplasia and carcinoma in situ should be carefully followed up, as invasive carcinoma may develop many years after the initial diagnosis. PMID- 7037234 TI - Streptomycin sulphate and deafness: a review of the literature. PMID- 7037235 TI - Disorders of lipid absorption. PMID- 7037236 TI - Hereditary disease of the exocrine pancreas. PMID- 7037237 TI - Disorders of carbohydrate absorption. PMID- 7037238 TI - Familial inherited abnormalities: miscellaneous disorders. PMID- 7037239 TI - Disorders of electrolyte absorption. PMID- 7037240 TI - Disorders of nitrogen absorption. PMID- 7037241 TI - Mechanisms of progression in glomerulonephritis. AB - Although most forms of glomerulonephritis in man are thought to have an immunopathogenesis, certain clinical and experimental observations support the role of other non-immunologic mechanisms in the progression of these diseases. 1. Intra-renal vascular disease thought to be secondary to hypertension, may be responsible for ischemic glomerular sclerosis. 2. Hypertension may damage the diseased glomerulus directly, as has been demonstrated in experimental glomerulonephritis, in the remnant kidney, and in experimental diabetes mellitus. 3. Alterations in glomerular structure and function in the remnant kidney suggest that adaptations to nephron loss may contribute to further renal damage. 4. Glomerular sclerosis occurs under circumstances where immunologic mechanisms are highly unlikely, such as aging, reflex nephropathy, chronic aminonucleoside administration, and protein loading. 5. Preservation of renal function can be achieved by phosphorus restriction in the remnant kidney and in nephrotoxic serum nephritis. PMID- 7037242 TI - Environmental factors in renal disease. PMID- 7037243 TI - The hepatorenal syndrome pathogenesis and prevention. PMID- 7037244 TI - Prevention of renal stone disease. PMID- 7037245 TI - The role of urinary tract infection in chronic renal failure. AB - The importance of bacterial infection as a major cause of progressive renal failure has become less prominent as long-term studies have failed to show progressive renal disease in bacteriuric humans. Functional or anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract are necessary to perpetuate infection and cause renal scars and renal failure. In children, the most common abnormality is reflux. Sterile reflux that extends into the renal collecting ducts may cause scars previously called atrophic pyelonephritis. This entity is now referred to as reflux nephropathy. Other predisposing factors may lead to end-stage disease in a small proportion of bacteriuric patients. The most common are obstructive uropathy and calculus disease. Bacteriuria is difficult to eradicate in maintenance hemodialysis patients and may require bilateral nephrectomy. In transplant recipients, bacteriuria is common and has been associated with rejection and loss of allograft. PMID- 7037246 TI - Does treatment of hypertension prevent renal failure? AB - The association between malignant hypertension and renal insufficiency is now well established. The previous adage of not treating this entity for fear of precipitating renal failure has now been replaced by one of aggressive medical therapy as a means to prevent further renal damage. Even when treatment appears to cause renal insufficiency, continued aggressive therapy is indicated as the majority of these people will either stabilize or even improve their renal function. The association of renal failure and benign hypertension is less clear. We feel that if long-term controlled studies could be performed, benefit would be evident. However, even without this evidence, the ability to prevent the malignant hypertensive lesion is sufficient reason to aggressively treat this group. PMID- 7037247 TI - Immunosuppressive treatment in the prevention of renal failure in primary glomerular diseases. AB - Despite the relative paucity of well controlled studies, there is reason for cautious optimism with respect to favorably influencing the course of certain primary glomerular diseases with pharmacologic therapy. Particularly promising in this regard is the role of corticosteroids in membranous nephropathy, anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and high-dose "pulse" steroids, "quadruple therapy" or plasma exchange with immunosuppression in idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis. Further controlled trials are urgently needed in the various forms of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, including Berger's disease, in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and membranous nephropathy in which reduced GFR or steroid resistance has been demonstrated. It seems quite clear that even a temporary delay in the onset of ESRD, if such can be obtained with a minimum of lasting side effects, is a reasonable goal of therapy considering the expense of maintenance dialysis and transplantation. PMID- 7037248 TI - Plasmapheresis in the prevention and treatment of rapidly progressive renal disease. PMID- 7037249 TI - Diabetic glomerulopathy may be preventable. AB - Variation in blood glucose levels throughout the day was assessed in six diabetic maintenance hemodialysis patients and six diabetic renal transplant recipients. None of the twelve studied patients had good control. Glucose levels greater than 300 mg/dl were noted in four of six dialysis patients and five of six transplant recipients. A regimen of self blood glucose measurement and multiple insulin doses was instituted for four transplant and three dialysis patients. Each patient achieved the desired glucose range of 60 to 120 mg/dl most of the time, with a resultant fall in mean hemoglobin A1c concentration from 10.3% to 7.9%. It is suggested that a long term trial of self glucose monitoring might prove beneficial to treated uremic diabetics. PMID- 7037250 TI - Diabetes, intraperitoneal insulin, and CAPD. AB - In patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), hemoglobin A1 was measured in order to assess the effect of the high content of glucose in the dialysate solution. In five diabetics on CAPD, insulin was added to the dialysate in an attempt to maintain continuous control of blood glucose throughout the day. Glycosylated hemoglobin was elevated in seven diabetics prior to the initiation of CAPD (12.0 +/- 2.3%) as it was in six non-diabetics after several months on CAPD. (9.6 +/- 0.90%). With the use of intraperitoneal insulin, satisfactory control of blood glucose could be achieved and the rate of peritonitis was not increased. However, regardless of whether blood glucose was well-controlled or not, hemoglobin A1 as well as triglyceride values rose in diabetics on CAPD. PMID- 7037251 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of metabolic disorders. AB - Reliable techniques for the intrauterine diagnosis of many inherited metabolic disorders have recently been developed. There is little doubt that the list of disorders detectable in utero will continue to rapidly expand with our knowledge of the biochemical basis of inherited disease. New prenatal diagnostic methods will be developed, and existing procedures will become safer, more accurate, and more readily available. Such developments in the prevention of genetic disease will enable physicians to offer additional options to patients and families affected with these often devastating disorders PMID- 7037252 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies, hemophilia and hemolytic anemias. PMID- 7037253 TI - Legal liability in genetic screening genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 7037254 TI - Ethical issues in genetic screening and antenatal diagnosis. PMID- 7037255 TI - Abdominal incisions and closures. PMID- 7037256 TI - Abdominal sacropexy for vaginal vault prolapse. PMID- 7037257 TI - Nongonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - Nongonococcal PID remains a major concern in gynecology and an important public health problem. Although debate continues as to the etiologic role of nongonococcal organisms in acute PID, anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, C. trachomatis, and mycoplasmas have all been implicated. Actinomycotic PID is uniquely related to IUD use. The optimal treatment for nongonococcal PID is unknown, but tetracycline and its derivatives are effective against a broad spectrum of nongonococcal organisms. Abscesses and infertility, in particular, are serious complications of nongonococcal PID. While evolving knowledge about the polymicrobial etiology of acute PID has challenged traditional concepts, continued research should clarify the epidemiology, treatment, and prevention of this important disease. PMID- 7037258 TI - [Serial computed tomographic study on subacute spongiform encephalopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037259 TI - Hyperdynamic radionuclide cerebrospinal fluid study. PMID- 7037260 TI - Current concepts in regional pulmonary function. PMID- 7037263 TI - Diazepam and lidocaine plasma protein binding in renal disease. AB - The plasma protein binding of diazepam and lidocaine was measured in patients with renal disease (those with uremia, nephrotic syndrome, or who had received a transplant) and in age- and sex- matched control subjects. Percentage unbound diazepam in plasma was increased over control in all three groups of patients as follows: uremic patients 3.23%, control, 1.64% (P less than 0.001), nephrotic patients, 3.55%, control, 1.63% (P less than 0.001); and transplant recipients, 2.11%, control 1.50% (P less than 0.001). The binding ratio (molar concentration of bound to unbound drug) in patients was related to albumin concentration (r = 0.609, P less than 0.001). Percentage of unbound lidocaine did not differ substantially from control in nephrotic patients (34.2%, control 30.8%), but was reduced in the uremic patients (20.8%, control 30.7%, P less than 0.001) and transplant recipients (24.6%, control 33.7%, P less than 0.005). These increases were associated with increases in alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) concentration (uremic patients 134.9 mg/dl, control 66.3, P less than 0.001; transplant recipients 106.5, control 65.6, P less than 0.001). The binding ratio of lidocaine was closely related to the AAG concentration in patients (r = 0.933, P less than 0.001) and controls (r = 0.719, P less than 0.001). Thus, the binding of basic drugs may be increased or decreased in patients with renal disease, depending on the relative contribution of the individual plasma to the total binding and the type of disease. PMID- 7037264 TI - Plasma clonidine in relation to blood pressure, catecholamines, and renin activity during long-term treatment of hypertension. AB - Eight patients with essential hypertension were treated with 50 microgram oral clonidine four times daily for 4 wk followed by 75 to 150 microgram four times daily for another 4 to 16 wk. Before treatment and at the end of each treatment period the patients were hospitalized and their plasma clonidine concentrations (P-CLON) were determined repeatedly during one dosage interval. The relationship of P-CLON to blood pressure, heart rate, plasma norepinephrine (PNE), and plasma renin activity (PRA), as well as to conventional kinetic parameters, was calculated. With the two dosages used the half-life (t 1/2 s) of clonidine absorption were 1.05 and 0.83 hr, the biological t 1/2 s 8.7 and 7.9 hrs, and the total oral clearances 4.7 and 5.0 ml X min-1 X kg-1. The log of P-CLON correlated with the maximum percentage decrease of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (r = 0.91, P less than 0.001) in five patients, whereas in three patients there was no further decrease of MAP after increase of plasma clonidine level. The logarithm of P-CLON correlated with percentage reduction of PNE (r = 0.67, P less than 0.01). In six patients in whom clonidine induced a reduction of PRA, there was a relationship between log P-CLON and percentage PRA reduction (r = 0.91, P less than 0.001) and also between the percentage PRA and PNE reduction (r = 0.74, P less than 0.01). PMID- 7037262 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of nitrazepam. PMID- 7037265 TI - Captopril kinetics. AB - Captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor with antihypertensive properties, was given by mouth and intravenously in 10-mg doses to five healthy subjects. After intravenous dosing, semilogarithmic plots of captopril blood levels : time showed a triexponential decay. Data were analyzed using an open three-compartment model. The average volume of distribution (Vd) was 0.2 l/kg for the central compartment and 2 l/kg for the elimination (beta) phase. The Vd at steady-state was 0.7 l/kg. The total body clearance of captopril averaged 0.8 l/kg/hr and the mean blood half-life during the beta phase was 1.9 hr. In the 0- to 96-hr urine, after intravenous and oral drug, excretion of radioactivity accounted for 87% and 61% of dose. In the 0- to 24-hr urine, averages of 38% (intravenous) and 24% (oral) of the doses were excreted as unchanged captopril. Absolute absorption of the radioactive oral dose was 71% and the absolute oral bioavailability of captopril was 62%. PMID- 7037261 TI - Drug metabolites in renal failure: pharmacokinetic and clinical implications. PMID- 7037266 TI - Assessment of sympathetic nervous function in humans from noradrenaline plasma kinetics. PMID- 7037268 TI - Effect of captopril (SQ 14 225) on vasopressin release induced by angiotensin in the conscious rat. PMID- 7037267 TI - Oedema in cor pulmonale. AB - The mechanisms of oedema in cor pulmonale remain unexplained. On the basis of a small number of studies, cor pulmonale is not caused by cardiac muscle failure, at least in early oedematous phases. Progressive and persistent elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance may exceed the pumping capacity of the right ventricle in later stages. Alternative explanations for the sharp fall in renal blood flow as oedema appears should be sought. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system seems causally related to oedema. The curious position of hypercapnia remains an enigma. Surprisingly few studies of hypercapnia, renal blood flow and renal hormones are reported. Redistribution of body water from intracellular to the extracellular space may be in part due to the need to buffer extracellular respiratory acidosis caused by hypercapnia. It provides an explanation for one form of hypercapnic oedema. Cyclical loss and gain of tissue mass seems more evident in cor pulmonale than ischaemic or valvular heart failure. PMID- 7037269 TI - Clinical and laboratory implications of present ESR methodology. PMID- 7037270 TI - Clinical ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy. AB - Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy is an established procedure for the investigation of lung disease. Perfusion scans are commonly obtained with a gamma camera following injection of 99mTc-labelled microspheres. For the assessment of regional lung ventilation, a number of techniques are now being employed, i.e. 133Xe and 127Xe single breath/washout studies, continuous inhalation of 81mKr and inhalation of radioactive aerosols. The latter two methods are now gaining consideration in clinical practice. Lung perfusion scanning is highly sensitive for detection of regional abnormalities of blood flow; the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism remains the most important clinical application of the technique. In this context, the use of a ventilation scan is required in order to increase the specificity of the procedure. In general, lung ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy is of great value for the management of patients with both primary lung disease and heart disease, by providing pathophysiological information of importance for the diagnosis, follow up and the functional evaluation of the patient. PMID- 7037271 TI - [Drug-induced gastroduodenal lesions]. PMID- 7037272 TI - [Side effects of benzodiazepines: "rebound" anxiety and insomnia]. PMID- 7037273 TI - [Centella asiatica extract in venous disorders of the lower limbs. Comparative clinico-instrumental studies with a placebo]. PMID- 7037274 TI - [Therapy of cardiac arrhythmias]. PMID- 7037275 TI - [Water-electrolyte balance disorders in patients with hemolymphopathies. Notes on physiopathology and therapy]. PMID- 7037276 TI - [Double-blind clinical studies of the effect of bromopride on gastric emptying]. PMID- 7037277 TI - [Adverse reactions to vitamins]. PMID- 7037278 TI - [Liver, protein metabolism and branched-chain amino acids]. PMID- 7037279 TI - Comparison of various tests for the serological diagnosis of Trypanosoma equiperdum infection in the horse. PMID- 7037280 TI - Association of bovine secretory immunoglobulins with milk fat globule membranes. PMID- 7037281 TI - Phenylalanine metabolism in Microtus montanus chronically infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. AB - 1. Alterations in phenylalanine metabolism were observed in Microtus montanus infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. 2. Reductions were found in the incorporation of phenylalanine into free amino acid pools and into proteins of the liver and other organs of infected animals. 3. Increased quantities of phenylpyruvate, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and pyruvate were found in the urine of infected Microtus. 4. There appeared to be very limited conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine in infected animals. This suggested that either phenylalanine transaminase activity was greatly elevated in proportion to phenylalanine hydroxylase activity; or that phenylalanine hydroxylase activity was actually reduced during the infection. PMID- 7037282 TI - Changes of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase activities in mouse skeletal muscle following prolonged running. AB - 1. Activities of dipeptidyl aminopeptidases (DAP), leucine arylamidase and beta glucuronidase were assayed in red and white parts of mouse quandriceps femoris muscle 3 and 7 days after a single bout of prolonged running. 2. The activities of lysosomal acid hydrolases (DAP I, DAP II and beta-glucuronidase) were highly increased on the 3rd day after the exertion and then decreased by the 7th day. The response was more prominent in red than in white skeletal muscle. 3. The activities of two microsomal hydrolases, DAP IV and leucine arylamidase, increased much less than those of the lysosomal acid hydrolases. The highest activities were recorded on the 7th day after exertion. 4. The activity of DAP III, a cytoplasmic peptidase, was unaffected in red muscle but slightly increased in white muscle. 5. The protein content of red skeletal muscle, but not that of white muscle, decreased transiently after the running. 6. It seems that strenuous exercise selectively stimulates the lysosomal proteolytic system in skeletal muscle, while the others are less affected. PMID- 7037283 TI - Pteridine-metabolizing enzymes of Macaca fascicularis. AB - 1. The crab-eating monkey (Macaca fascicularis) has been studied for enzymes which react in the biosynthesis of pteridine cofactor of phenylalanine hydroxylase: 2. Rather high activity of sepiapterin reductase (EC 1.1.1.153)(0.130 mumol) and measurable activity of dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.3)(0.039 mumol), (in amount of substrate reduced/hr/mg protein at 37 degrees C) were found in the crude extract from the liver. 3. Sepiapterin reductase was observed, in blood, only in the erythrocytes while dihydrofolate reductase was observed both in erythrocytes and leucocytes. 4. Activity of pteridine cofactor of phenylalanine hydroxylase was detected in the extract of the liver. 5. Sepiapterin reductase was partially purified from the liver, and was studied in the mol. wt, coenzyme-requirement, pH optimum, KmS and inhibitors. PMID- 7037284 TI - The factor which aggregates nematode, yeast and liver phosphoglycerate kinase in tRNA. AB - 1. A factor isolated from the free-living nematode, Turbatrix aceti and from yeast, causes aggregation of phosphoglycerate kinase from nematodes, yeast and rat liver. The rat muscle enzyme is not affected. 2. The aggregation factor is either identical to or very similar to tRNA, Pure tRNA from yeast or Escherichia coli, when mixed with nematode, yeast or rat liver phosphoglycerate kinase causes the enzyme to aggregate to higher mol. wt forms. Both the natural factor and tRNA bring about similar changes in the behavior of nematode phosphoglycerate kinase. 3. The tRNA does not remain bound to the enzyme though it appears to cause a sequential aggregation from monomer to tetramer. 4. No conclusion could be reached as to whether the factor plays a physiological role or if it is simply tRNA fortuitously present during purification of the enzyme. PMID- 7037285 TI - Health is fun! PMID- 7037286 TI - [Nightingale's concept of God]. PMID- 7037287 TI - [Care and cure defined in the "Notes on Nursing" (Florence Nightingale)]. PMID- 7037288 TI - [The nature of observation expressed in the "Observation of the sick" (Florence Nightingale)]. PMID- 7037289 TI - [The logical structure in the "Notes on Nursing" (Florence Nightingale)]. PMID- 7037290 TI - [Why do we read the "Notes on Nursing" now? An opening message at the second meeting of the Nightingale Study Group]. PMID- 7037291 TI - [A vsit at Kaiserwerth. (1) (Florence Nightingale)]. PMID- 7037292 TI - [Understanding of man in the "Notes on Nursing" (Florence Nightingale)]. PMID- 7037293 TI - Protection of patient rights and welfare in the VA cooperative studies program. AB - Four VA Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Centers have been established by the Cooperative Studies Program of the Medical Research Service of the Veterans Administration. Affiliated with each Coordinating Center is a Human Rights Committee (HRC). These HRCs function similarly to the Institutional Review Board but differ from it in many significant ways. This paper presents the organizational structures, the responsibilities, and the inherent dynamics of the HRCs. With clear and defined objectives and guidelines, the HRCs monitor the multicenter cooperative studies conducted within the VA health care system. The HRCs strive to balance the need for protecting patients' rights and welfare with the need for research. Its specific role is to ensure that multicenter trials are planned, implemented, and evaluated such that the rights and welfare of study subjects are protected. This is accomplished by reviewing the content and the procedures of the informed consent during the planning stage as well as by the site visits and continuing reviews during the ongoing phase of each cooperative study. PMID- 7037294 TI - Development of statistical analysis for single dose bronchodilators. AB - When measurements developed for the diagnosis of patients are used to detect treatment effects in clinical trials with chronic disease, problems in definition of response and in the statistical distributions of those measurements within patients have to be resolved before the results of clinical studies can be analyzed. An example of this process is shown in the development of the analysis of single-dose bronchodilator trials. PMID- 7037295 TI - Lens proteins. PMID- 7037296 TI - Biological oxidation of nitrogen in organic compounds and disposition of N oxidized products. PMID- 7037297 TI - The mechanism of T cell-mediated cytolysis. PMID- 7037298 TI - The structural basis for anaphylatoxin and chemotactic functions of C3a, C4a, and C5a. PMID- 7037299 TI - Acute pulmonary failure in asymmetric lung disease: approach to management. PMID- 7037300 TI - High frequency positive pressure jet ventilation in bilateral bronchopleural fistulae. PMID- 7037301 TI - Ventilatory pattern in respiratory failure arising from acute myocardial infarction. I. Respiratory and hemodynamic effects of IMV4 vs IPPV12 and PEEP0 vs PEEP10. AB - Positive end-expiratory pressure of 10 cm H2O (PEEP10) was compared with zero-end expiratory pressure (PEEP0), intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV), 4/min, with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), 12/min, in 9 patients with pulmonary edema due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and CVP, cardiac output (CO) and blood gases were measured during these four experimental interventions, and related parameters calculated. PaCO2 was 39.3 +/- 0.9 torr during IMV4 and 36.2 +/- 1.3 torr during IPPV12, and PCWP remained between 20-30 mm Hg throughout the study. The ventilatory pattern was changed at random order with the patient serving as his own control. Both PaO2 and PaO2/F102 and VO2 increased while venous admixture (Qsp/Qt) decreased with PEEP10. Cardiac and stroke indices (CI, SI) and oxygen delivery were lower with IPPV12 than they were with IMV4. Both left and right ventricular stroke work (LVSW, RVSW) were higher on IMV4. A moderate PEEP level (up to 10 cm H2O) seems beneficial in post-AMI pulmonary edema and has no significant hemodynamic side effects. The results indicate that of the four alternatives studied, IMV4 with PEEP10 is a ventilatory pattern of choice in the respiratory management of these patients, but each individual patient may require precise titration of each modality to achieve the optimal result. PMID- 7037302 TI - Effect of postoperative immobilization after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Pulmonary complications, particularly atelectasis, occur frequently after coronary artery bypass (CAB) surgery. To determine the effect of early postoperative immobility on pulmonary complications, the authors randomly assigned 35 patients into two groups. One group remained in the supine position for the first 24 h. The second group had their body position systematically turned every 2 h for the first 24 h. Turning resulted in a significant decrease in postoperative fever (p less than 0.001) and a 32% reduction in the duration of the stay in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU). Turning did not affect the patient's hemodynamic stability or arterial blood gas measurements. The authors conclude that systematic turning of CAB patients can reduce postoperative morbidity. PMID- 7037303 TI - Hypomagnesemia: implications for the critical care specialist. PMID- 7037304 TI - Coordinated imaging in the detection and characterization of renal masses. PMID- 7037305 TI - Radiological evaluation of complicated pancreatitis. PMID- 7037306 TI - Ultrasonographic evaluation of the gallbladder. PMID- 7037307 TI - Noninfectious granulomatous pulmonary disease of unknown etiology. PMID- 7037308 TI - Corn smut as a food source - perspectives on biology, composition, and nutrition. PMID- 7037309 TI - Citrus fruits - varieties, chemistry, technology, and quality evaluation. Part I: varieties, production, handling, and storage. PMID- 7037310 TI - Pyrazines in foods: an update. PMID- 7037311 TI - Biochemistry of black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.): a review. PMID- 7037312 TI - Corneal ulcers in corneal transplants. AB - Twenty-nine eyes, representing an infection rate of 4.9%, developed corneal ulcers following corneal transplant surgery; 26 with available data are presented. All occurred in the graft or at the wound margin. The median postoperative time to ulcer development was 5.5 months. All eyes were on topical steroids when the ulcer developed. Other associated factors were: loose sutures, bandage lenses and eyes grafted for herpes simplex keratitis. Ninety percent of the ulcers had one or more of these factors. Positive cultures for organisms were obtained in 75% and positive gram stain in 68% of the ulcers. Nine genera of bacteria were cultured; S. epidermidis, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and Corynebacterium were the most common organisms. Ninety-five percent of the bacteria tested were sensitive to gentamicin. Visual reduction occurred in 46% of the cases overall; herpetic corneas had an 88% incidence of visual loss. PMID- 7037313 TI - Kinetic models of metabolism in intact cells, tissues, and organisms. PMID- 7037314 TI - The insulin-like growth factors (IGF) of human serum: chemical and biological characterization and aspects of their possible physiological role. PMID- 7037315 TI - Regulation of ribonucleotide reductase. PMID- 7037316 TI - Pringle's maneuver. PMID- 7037317 TI - A prospective study of pretransplant and operative day blood transfusion on renal allograft recipients. PMID- 7037318 TI - Kidney transplantation in children zero to 10 years of age. PMID- 7037319 TI - PEEP resuscitation. PMID- 7037320 TI - [Methods of supporting a wing prostheses]. PMID- 7037321 TI - [Morphology of children's permanent teeth from the cremation vaults of the Lausitz culture]. PMID- 7037322 TI - [Combination of various elements of plastic surgery in the treatment of the facial deformities in Treacher-Collins syndrome]. PMID- 7037323 TI - [2 and 3 row, single and double crossover bone sutures in the treatment of mandibular fractures]. PMID- 7037324 TI - [Prosthetic treatment of patients after maxillary resection]. PMID- 7037325 TI - Prophylactic methicillin for shunt operations: effects on incidence of shunt malfunction and infection. AB - In a double-blind study, 74 children were randomly treated with prophylactic methicillin at the time of ventriculo-peritoneal shunting. There were 7 infections in the placebo group and 2 in the methicillin-treated group. There was no statistically significant difference in infection or overall malfunction rate between the two groups. The risk of shunt malfunction in the 2nd to 6th month after surgery was significantly greater in the placebo group (7 of 26 patients) than in the methicillin-treated group (1 of 26 patients). Delayed shunt malfunction may be prevented by a short course of perioperative antibiotics. PMID- 7037326 TI - [A mesh-composite resin retentive splint]. PMID- 7037327 TI - [Combined hemorrhoidectomy]. PMID- 7037328 TI - [Bacterial contamination of osteosynthesis material. Comparison between a sterile compartment and the conventional operating room]. AB - This study compares two groups of patients who underwent osteosynthetic operations. The operations of one group were performed in an ultrasterile operating cubicle under laminar flow conditions, those of the other group in a conventional operating theatre. The results of smear tests show that not only the number of bacteria in explants, but also the number of postoperative wound infections was considerably lower in the laminar flow group. During a 4-year observation period, the most frequently isolated organism in 392 explants was staphylococcus aureus, in some cases with additional bacteria. Infection was present only in those cases in which bacteria were detected. The age of the patients, the length of time the explants were stored and the composition of the operating team were all insignificant with regard to the bacterial flora of the extracts. Only the level of sterility in the operating theatre (ultrasterile operating cubicle) at the moment of implantation was of recordable importance. PMID- 7037329 TI - [History of the Academy of Surgery]. PMID- 7037330 TI - [La Peyronie and the presence of military surgeons in the Academy of Surgery]. PMID- 7037331 TI - [Prosthetic treatment of severe periodontal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037332 TI - [Immediate reconstruction of mandibular defect by autogenous bone grafts: a review of 75 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037333 TI - [An analysis of prosthetic treatment in 140 cases of periodontal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037334 TI - [A new technic for shaping full integral crowns by polyaminoester oil pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037335 TI - [A discussion on the mechanism of diabetic hyperosmolar coma and the principle of its treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037336 TI - Inter-relationship of sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin aldosterone system in three renin subgroups of borderline and persistent essential hypertension. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity, and plasma aldosterone concentration were determined in 51 patients categorized as borderline or persistent hypertensives and as high, normal, or low renin. Basal DBH activity correlated with diastolic blood pressure in borderline but not in persistent hypertensives. In borderline patients with normal or high renin activity standing plus furosemide caused a marked rise in diastolic blood pressure but little change in systolic and increased PRA and DBA. In contrast this stimulation procedure depressed both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and resulted in blunted PRA and DBH responses in the low renin borderline and the three groups of persistent hypertensives. After dietary sodium restriction, the decrease in systolic blood pressure correlated with the decrease in urinary sodium excretion in persistent, but not in the borderline patients. The data suggest that both borderline an persistent hypertensive patients respond to volume depletion with an increase in sympathetic and renin activity, and the increase of these two vasoconstrictive systems is greater in borderline hypertensives. PMID- 7037337 TI - A case of normoreninemic, normotensive primary aldosteronism associated with essential hypertension and nephrocalcinosis. AB - A 36-year-old female case of normotensive normoreninemic primary aldosteronism with persistent hypokalemia and nephrocalcinosis is reported. She was referred to us for episodes of sudden muscle weakness during 8 years prior to admission. On the first day of admission, her blood pressure was 174/104 mmHg. On the second day of admission blood pressure normalized to 120/80 mmHg. Both of her parents were hypertensive. Arterial blood gas analysis showed metabolic alkalosis. Except an impaired urine concentration ability, renal functions were normal. Intravenous pyelogram showed numerous granular calcifications. Basal plasma renin activity was 1.0 approximately 1.5 ng/ml/hr and increased by sodium depletion. Plasma aldosterone concentration was 70 approximately 80 ng/dl and did not respond to various stimulations. Blood pressure was dependent on sodium balance. It fell on salt restriction and rose on salt loading. Blood pressure responses to vasoactive hormones were normal. Circulating plasma volume was within normal range. After removal of an adrenal adenoma, there was mild fall of blood pressure, serum potassium returned to normal level and plasma renin activity increased slightly. Histologically, there was renal tubular calcifications, and juxtaglomerular apparatus was normal. Blood pressure was elevated to 160/100 mmHg when patient was followed at out-patient clinic after discharge. We concluded that she had essential hypertension associated with primary aldosteronism. Although sodium loss and an increase in urinary kallikrein were found, they did not seem to be the cause of normoreninemic normotensive state of this patient, and the pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. PMID- 7037338 TI - Absence of an antihypertensive effect of 12 hour infusions of an angiotensin antagonist in chronic renal hypertensive rabbits. AB - The effect of a continuous 12-hour infusion of a saline solution of the angiotensin II antagonist, [Sar1, Ile8] angiotensin II, on mean arterial pressure was studied in 11 conscious New Zealand white rabbits with hypertension induced by renal artery stenosis and contralateral nephrectomy, and in 11 normotensive control rabbits. Also, the effect on mean arterial pressure of infusing saline alone for 12 hours was examined in 4 hypertensive rabbits and in 8 normotensive controls. There were no significant differences in the changes in mean arterial pressure among the 4 groups of rabbits at any hourly period during these infusions. These studies were unable to provide evidence that angiotensin II is involved in maintaining the elevated arterial pressure in this hypertensive animal model. PMID- 7037339 TI - Effect of captopril on blood pressure, total body sodium and fluid consumption of genetically hypertensive (GH) and normotensive (N) rats. AB - Captopril was administered in the drinking fluid to normotensive rats and rats of the New Zealand genetically hypertensive (GH) strain. It lowered BP in both strains of rat, particularly in rats deprived of sodium; in these rats BP rose again when the drug was stopped even though there was no access to sodium. Thus captopril appeared to lower blood pressure not by reduction in total exchangeable sodium but by some other mechanism, presumably inhibition of vasoconstriction. Total exchangeable sodium did not change significantly in rats treated with captopril and having access to salt in the drinking fluid, though it fell in rats deprived of sodium. Captopril caused an increase in fluid intake, particularly intake of 0.5% NaCl solution and this may have compensated for any loss of body sodium. It was not clear whether the thirst for water and the desire for salt were due to effects of captopril in the CNS or were secondary to increased excretion of salt and water. PMID- 7037340 TI - [Mathematical model of a fluid bed reactor for the biocatalytic synthesis of L aspartic acid]. PMID- 7037341 TI - [Immunological characteristics of nuclear matrix protein]. PMID- 7037342 TI - Amoxapine (Asendin, Lederle Laboratories). AB - Amoxapine is a tricyclic antidepressant agent, which is chemically related to the antipsychotic agent loxapine, but which appears to block selectively the neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine; it is qualitatively similar to desipramine. In studies of patients with mixed depressive illnesses, amoxapine is at least as effective as amitriptyline and imipramine and probably more effective than placebo in ameliorating depressive symptoms. Claims of more rapid onset of therapeutic effects are based on group mean data obtained from small samples of depressed patients with heterogeneous and imprecisely defined diagnostic types. Amoxapine has yet to be compared with desipramine or maprotiline, the most pharmacologically similar antidepressants. Biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic data are limited, and a relationship between serum concentrations and efficacy has not yet been shown. Acute toxicity and drug interaction documentation are also lacking. At this time, amoxapine represents a chemical alternative to traditional tricyclic antidepressants. There are no consistent data indicating superiority of amoxapine over any other antidepressant agent for any specific symptom constellation, in rate or extent of improvement, or in any particular diagnostic or demographic population. Studies in which amoxapine is compared with pharmacologically similar agents at therapeutically equivalent doses in diagnostically homogeneous groups are needed to establish the drug's true place in the treatment of depressions. PMID- 7037343 TI - Benzathine penicillin G in the treatment of neurosyphilis. AB - The definition, pathogenesis, incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of neurosyphilis are discussed. Controlled trials of benzathine penicillin in the treatment of neurosyphilis are reviewed, as are recent case reports of benzathine penicillin failures. Although few well-controlled studies exist to document conclusively the efficacy of benzathine penicillin in the treatment of neurosyphilis, its use is recommended in selected situations. PMID- 7037344 TI - The digoxin index 1966-1981. Part III. PMID- 7037345 TI - Acrosoxacin for gonorrhoea. PMID- 7037346 TI - Does metronidazole help leg ulcers and pressure sores? PMID- 7037347 TI - [Recent aspects of C-reactive protein]. PMID- 7037348 TI - [Treatment of unstable diabetes with a portable insulin-infusion pump (author's transl)]. AB - A portable insulin-infusion pump (Promedos Siemens) was used in 19 patients with unstable or brittle diabetes. Continuous insulin supply was via the intravenous route in nine, subcutaneously in ten patients. The insulin pump was used in those patients in whom, after hospitalization for two to three weeks, the diabetes remained poorly controlled. In all patients the carbohydrate metabolism was normalised. Subcutaneous insulin infusion was as effective as the intravenous one. In all instances it was possible, partly by transferring insulin uptake during the day and night to two subcutaneous injections, to improve conventional control even after the infusion period was over. Continuous, regulated insulin supply - intravenously or subcutaneously - is superior to conventional subcutaneous administration. Portable insulin infusion pumps can be used in individual patients even without glucose sensing. PMID- 7037349 TI - [Insect sting allergy--solved and unsolved problems]. PMID- 7037350 TI - [Chemical or immunological occult blood demonstration in feces in early diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma?]. PMID- 7037351 TI - [Des-phe-insulin-containing intermediary insulin compared with usual commercial preparations (author's transl)]. AB - In 20 type I diabetics comparison were made between Optisulin -depot CS (25% dissolved porcine Des-Phe-insulin/insulin and 75% crystalline porcine insulin), an intermediary insulin without depot additives, and two depot-additive containing insulins (Depot Insulin Hoechst CS and insulin Leo Mixtard) during a period of hospitalization. Des-Phe-insulins are insulins in which phenylalanine has been split off from the B chain of insulin. Since mixtures of Des-Phe insulins with crystalline insulins are stable, there is the possibility of manufacturing monospecies-intermediary insulins without depot additives. Continued surveillance of blood sugar during application of Optisulin depot CS showed good control of the diabetic metabolism when compared with the commercially available insulins. Optisulin depot CS in its action is comparable to the two commercially available depot insulins. Side effects and allergic skin changes did not occur. Thus Optisulin depot SC adds to the at present available range of Des-Phe-insulin-containing insulins. PMID- 7037352 TI - [New evaluation of captopril-induced side effects]. PMID- 7037353 TI - [Acupuncture in pain therapy. Possibilities and limits of a disputed therapeutic method]. PMID- 7037355 TI - [Early diagnosis of acute herpesvirus encephalitis]. PMID- 7037356 TI - [Immunologic deficiency in a child and generalized BCG infection]. PMID- 7037354 TI - Amoxycillin/clavulanic acid: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic use. AB - Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor produced from Streptomyces clavuligerus, which when combined with certain beta-lactam antibiotics extends their activity against bacteria which owe their resistance to the production of beta-lacatamases. In combination with amoxycillin it extends the antibacterial activity of amoxycillin to include beta-lactamase-producing strains, which are otherwise resistant, as well as amoxycillin-resistant species such as Bacteroides fragilis. The addition of clavulanic acid to amoxycillin occasionally extends (but does not decrease) the susceptibility of amoxycillin-sensitive bacteria. Clavulanic acid is adequately absorbed after oral administration and its basic pharmacokinetic characteristics are similar to those of amoxycillin. Preliminary therapeutic trials suggest that amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid is effective in urinary tract infections caused by amoxycillin-resistant organisms and in lower respiratory tract infections unresponsive to previous routine antibiotic therapy, in hospitalised patients. It is generally well tolerated; nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and skin rash being the most frequently reported adverse effects. PMID- 7037357 TI - [Drug therapy of hypertension]. PMID- 7037358 TI - [Unstable angina pectoris -- impending myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7037360 TI - [Small bridges with inlays as the bridge anchor]. PMID- 7037361 TI - [Adhesion of 3 bonding cements in varying degrees of surface roughness of the dentin]. PMID- 7037359 TI - Unproved remedies for treating the deaf. PMID- 7037362 TI - [Problematic nature and construction of an anchor with controllable and adjustable drawing force (a design proposal)]. PMID- 7037363 TI - Hyperglycemic activity of the 20,000-dalton variant of human growth hormone. AB - The 20,000-dalton structural variant of human growth hormone was inactive as a hyperglycemic agent in dogs when injected 10 h prior to a glucose tolerance test. Limited digestion with subtilisin did not generate hyperglycemic activity. These results are in contrast to those obtained with human growth hormone where subtilisin treatment potentiated the weak hyperglycemic activity of the undigested hormone. The results suggest that the 15 amino acid sequence that is deleted from the variant is either directly responsible for hyperglycemic activity or that a modification in tertiary structure produced by the deletion prevents a necessary proteolytic processing. PMID- 7037364 TI - Glucocorticoid regulation of alpha-lactalbumin production in long-term cultures of normal rat mammary cells. AB - Cultures of normal rat mammary cells have been developed which produce alpha lactalbumin (a-LA) for several months in response to physiological levels of corticosterone whereas none is measureable without glucocorticoid. In contrast to recent studies in short-term organ cultures, these long-term cell cultures derived from virginal or mid-pregnant rats show no inhibition of a-LA production at high glucocorticoid concentrations. Comparable a-LA production was observed after a few months whether cells were initially cultured into media with various corticosterone levels or initially into high levels of corticosterone for 3 weeks prior to the shift to various lower doses. PMID- 7037365 TI - Evidence for existence of a serotonin N-acetyltransferase inactivating substance in rat pineal gland. AB - This study provides evidence for the existence of an inactivating substance in pineal glands, which may be responsible for the rapid inactivation of serotonin N acetyltransferase seen in vivo and in vitro. This serotonin N-acetyltransferase inactivating substance enhances the thermal inactivation of the norepinephrine stimulated serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity in rat pineal homogenate. Inactivation of serotonin N-acetyltransferase by the inactivating substance and the thermal inactivation of serotonin N-acetyltransferase at 37 degrees C exhibit the following identical properties. Both processes affect serotonin N acetyltransferase without effect on other melatonin-related enzymes; can be blocked by addition of 0.5 mM [3H] acetyl CoA, but not coenzyme A in the preincubation mixture; and were unaffected by 0.1 M NaF or 4 mM beta mercaptoethanol. These data are interpreted to suggest that protein dephosphorylation and disulfide exchange mechanisms are not involved in either inactivation processes. Unlike serotonin N-acetyltransferase, which is highly thermo labile, the inactivating substance is thermo stable at 37 degrees C for 40 minutes. In rat, the inactivating substance was found only in the pineal gland and was undetectable in other tissues. The inactivating substance is protein in nature, since it is not dialyzable but is inactivated by boiling or treatment with trypsin. The substance, which was able to inactivate serotonin N acetyltransferase isolated from rate liver, exhibited no diurnal variation and its activity in rat pineal gland in culture was not influenced by norepinephrine. It is postulated that the interaction among acetyl coenzyme A, serotonin N acetyltransferase and serotonin N-acetyltransferase inactivating substance may collectively regulate the synthesis of melatonin in pineal gland. PMID- 7037366 TI - Evidence for the involvement of central epinephrine systems in the regulation of luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and growth hormone release in female rats. PMID- 7037367 TI - Down-regulation of insulin receptors in primary cultures of R3230 AC rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells. AB - Binding of insulin and Concanavalin A to primary cell cultures of the R3230AC rat mammary adenocarcinoma was studied as a function of time in culture. As the culture became confluent, the amount of insulin binding per cell increased with culture time and reached a plateau, whereas the binding of Con A to surface glycoproteins decreased to 50% of the initial value. Exposure of confluent cultures to insulin at 37 C resulted in down-regulation of the cell surface insulin receptors. The decrease in insulin binding was related to the ambient insulin concentration and the decreased numbers of receptors per cell with no apparent alteration in their affinity. The maximal decrease in receptor number was 60-70%. Cell cultures degraded significant amounts of insulin at 37 C, but the addition of bacitracin to the culture medium decreased the amount of degradation and increased the extent of down-regulation at each insulin concentration. Porcine proinsulin was less effective than insulin in competing with 125I-labeled insulin and inducing receptor down-regulation. Down-regulation of insulin receptors did not require protein synthesis. The rate of insulin induced receptor loss was much faster than the decrease in insulin binding due to inhibition of protein synthesis by cyclohexamide. The estimated half-life of the insulin receptor was 10.5 h. Down-regulation of insulin receptors was reversible; regeneration of receptors to 50% of control levels occurred approximately 9.6 h after the removal of insulin and required protein synthesis. These results indicate that these mammary tumor cells retain the ability to regulate their insulin receptors. PMID- 7037368 TI - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone peptidase activities in discrete hypothalamic regions and anterior pituitary of the rat: apparent regulation during the prepubertal period and first estrous cycle at puberty. PMID- 7037369 TI - Kassinin: stimulation of insulin and glucagon secretion in the rat. AB - The effect of the newly discovered tachykinin dodecapeptide kassinin on endocrine pancreatic function was examined in the rat and compared to that of substance P, a neuropeptide which is structurally closely related to kassinin. Kassinin, injected iv in graded doses 10, 20, and 30 min before blood collection, significantly increased both plasma insulin and plasma glucagon in a dose-related fashion. The largest dose examined (10 micrograms) increased plasma insulin by 275% and plasma glucagon by 77%. In contrast, iv injections of equimolar doses of substance P did not affect either hormone. However, both kassinin and substance P increased plasma glucose levels in a dose-dependent fashion. Kassinin appears to have biological actions on the endocrine pancreas which clearly can be distinguished from those of substance P. Should kassinin be present in mammalian tissue and show a distribution similar to that of other neuropeptides, it may play a role in the physiological regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 7037370 TI - Effects of cholecystokinin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and secretin on insulin and glucagon secretion in rats. AB - Pure porcine cholecystokinin-33 [the triacontatriapeptide form of cholecystokinin (CCK-33)], gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and secretin were infused in rats in doses of 1, 10 and 1000 pmol/kg . min. The peptides were administered alone or in combination with glucose (40 mg/kg . min) or arginine (50 mg/kg . min). In the basal state, CCK-33 and GIP produced significant hypoglycemia at all concentrations used, although they elevated insulin levels only at the highest dose. Secretin had no effect. CCK-33 at a dose of 1 pmol/kg . min enhanced the secretion of insulin induced by glucose or arginine. These effects were more pronounced when higher doses of CCK-33 were administered. GIP at a dose of 1 pmol/kg . min had no effect on insulin release. Higher doses of GIP significantly potentiated insulin release stimulated by glucose or arginine. Secretin (100 pmol/kg . min) had no clear-cut effect on glucose-induced insulin secretion, but it slightly enhanced arginine-induced secretion. All hormones investigated, at all doses used, significantly stimulated the arginine-induced secretion of glucagon. We conclude that CCK-33 is a potent stimulatory factor of glucose- and arginine-induced insulin secretion and should therefore be taken into consideration as an incretin candidate. In addition, CCK-33 and GIP modulate glucose homeostasis by affecting glucagon release. PMID- 7037371 TI - Copper stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone from isolated hypothalamic granules. AB - Copper, administered to female rabbits, stimulates LHRH release into the hypophyseal portal blood (5) and induces ovulation (1-3). To gain further understanding of the mechanism of action of copper, in this study we addressed the question: Does copper, in the form of CuATP, stimulate LHRH release from isolated hypothalamic granules? Isolated hypothalamic granules, obtained from adult male rats, were incubated under in vitro conditions in the absence (control) or presence of CuATP (0.1 - 2.5 mM). In the presence of CuATP, we noted that LHRH release was stimulated, and the magnitude of stimulation was a saturable function of the concentration of copper, being maximal at 2.5 mM. In addition, we compared the effects of a series of divalent cations (Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca, Fe, Ba, Sr, Mn; 2.5 mM each) on LHRH release and found that copper stimulated release seventeenfold, zinc--sixfold, and the other divalent cations--twofold or less. Thus, copper appears to be a unique releaser of LHRH, and it may act at the level of the LHRH granule. PMID- 7037372 TI - Long-term treatment of acromegaly with lisuride: differences of effect on growth hormone and somatomedin. PMID- 7037373 TI - Glucose-induced hyperkalemia in normaldosteronemic diabetes associated with hyperthyroidism. AB - Infusion of hypertonic glucose induced "paradoxical" hyperkalemia in a 67-year old woman patient with normaldosteronemic diabetes mellitus associated with hyperthyroidism. Sodium restriction (10 mmol/day) abolished the glucose-induced paradoxical elevation of serum potassium by a dramatic increase in aldosterone production; a significant (P less than 0.01) inverse correlation was found between serum potassium and plasma aldosterone. Complete reversal of the abnormal serum potassium response occurred after successful antithyroid treatment suggesting that increased cellular aldosterone requirement may have been responsible for the paradoxical hyperkalemia during hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7037374 TI - Reversal of glucose-induced hyperkalemia by sodium restriction in "normaldosteronemic" diabetes mellitus. AB - The effects of intravenous infusion of hypertonic (0.5-1.0 g/kg) glucose on serum potassium was studied in three normokalemic control patients with essential hypertension (Group 1) and in four hyperkalemic patients with insulin-dependent diabetes during insulin withdrawal. Two of the diabetic patients with apparently normal plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels showed paradoxical "glucose induced" hyperkalemia (group 2), while the other two diabetic patients with lower than normal plasma aldosterone levels (Group 3) did not. These findings suggested an individually different threshold level of mineralocorticoid for the normal regulation of potassium distribution between fluid compartments under which no protection from glucose-induced hyperkalemia could be expected. The concept was further supported by the findings obtained during sodium restriction associated with the dramatic increase in plasma aldosterone levels abolishing the paradoxical hyperkalemia induced by intravenous infusion of glucose. As the plasma aldosterone per serum potassium index was definitely low during intravenous glucose infusion in all diabetic patients while on high sodium intake, and in Group 3 even without infusion in recumbency, decreased adrenal sensitivity to potassium was postulated as a possible special form of selective hypoaldosteronism masked in some diabetic patients by "normal" plasma aldosterone levels. PMID- 7037375 TI - Abnormalities of insulin secretory and lipolytic response to epinephrine produced by a high fat diet and electric stress in rats. PMID- 7037376 TI - Significance of adenosine for the hormone responsiveness of adenylate cyclase in adipose tissue of normoglycemic and hyperglycemic sand rats. AB - In young sand rats, bred in our colony, the metabolism was directed from the normoglycemic state by means of feeding conditions. The noradrenaline action on adenylate cyclase is impaired in hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic sand rats. Generally, addition of adenosine to the in vitro system eliminates the responsiveness of the adenylate cyclase to noradrenaline in adipose tissue. The presence of adenosine deaminase in the incubation medium abolished this inhibition effect of added adenosine. The interference of released adenosine with the hormone action in vitro was excluded by addition of adenosine deaminase to the incubation medium. In both groups of sand rats adenosine deaminase did not increase the noradrenaline effect on adenylate cyclase. Investigations were carried out as a part of the research project "Diabetes mellitus and diseases of fat metabolism". These results along with the others on the measured adenosine release exclude adenosine as a reason for the disturbed hormone action on adenylate cyclase in hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic sand rats. PMID- 7037377 TI - Plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid response to insulin administration in pigs. PMID- 7037378 TI - The 5alpha-reduction of testosterone in the neuroendocrine structures. Biochemical and physiological implications. PMID- 7037379 TI - The effects of lipopolysaccharide, BCG-immune T lymphocytes, and lymphokines on generations of tumoricidal pulmonary macrophages in Syrian hamster. AB - Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates pulmonary macrophages from BCG immune-rechallenged hamsters to kill tumor cells in vitro. However, pulmonary macrophages from BCG immune and from untreated hamsters cannot be activated for tumor cytotoxicity by in vitro treatment with LPS. Pulmonary macrophages from the nonimmune hamsters acquire tumoricidal capacity after 3 hr of coculture with T cells from BCG immune-rechallenged hamsters or when incubated with Con-A stimulated spleen cell supernatant fluid. A heterogeneous population of pulmonary lavage cells from BCG immune and from BCG immune-rechallenged hamsters destroys the tumor cells more effectively than a homogeneous population of pulmonary macrophages from the same animals. LPS significantly augments the cytotoxic activity of the heterogeneous population of pulmonary lavage cells. PMID- 7037380 TI - Chromosomal methods in population studies. AB - A brief description of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) as cytogenetic endpoints for evaluation of DNA damaging agents is presented. Problems associated with the use of cytogenetic assays as population monitors of radiation and chemical exposures are discussed. Adequate cell sample size requirements and accurate assessment of cummulative exposure effects with increasing age are stressed as important considerations for reliable cost-benefit analysis of population studies involving low level exposures. Examples of population studies using SCE as an indicator of specific chemical exposures are cited, and factors contributing to variations in control baseline SCE levels are discussed. Possible implications of population cytogenetic data on general public health are suggested. PMID- 7037381 TI - Problems in evaluating radiation dose via terrestrial and aquatic pathways. AB - This review is concerned with exposure risk and the environmental pathways models used for predictive assessment of radiation dose. Exposure factors, the adequacy of available data, and the model subcomponents are critically reviewed from the standpoint of absolute error propagation. Although the models are inherently capable of better absolute accuracy, a calculated dose is usually overestimated by from two to six orders of magnitude, in practice. The principal reason for so large an error lies in using "generic" concentration ratios in situations where site specific data are needed. Major opinion of the model makers suggests a number midway between these extremes, with only a small likelihood of ever underestimating the radiation dose. Detailed evaluations are made of source considerations influencing dose (i.e., physical and chemical status of released material); dispersal mechanisms (atmospheric, hydrologic and biotic vector transport); mobilization and uptake mechanisms (i.e., chemical and other factors affecting the biological availability of radioelements); and critical pathways. Examples are shown of confounding in food-chain pathways, due to uncritical application of concentration ratios. Current thoughts of replacing the critical pathways approach to calculating dose with comprehensive model calculations are also shown to be ill-advised, given present limitations in the comprehensive data base. The pathways models may also require improved parametrization, as they are not at present structured adequately to lend themselves to validation. The extremely wide errors associated with predicting exposure stand in striking contrast to the error range associated with the extrapolation of animal effects data to the human being. PMID- 7037382 TI - New approaches to immunotoxicity testing. AB - New approaches to immunotoxicity testing are reviewed and discussed. A method of activating T-cells in vivo is presented which circumvents artifacts dur to viability effects encountered with in vitro mitogen assays. The use of adoptive transfer approaches to combine the advantages of in vitro manipulation with in vivo function assays is discussed relative to natural killer cells. The need for an in vitro metabolic activation step coupled to other in vitro immunologic assays is discussed. PMID- 7037383 TI - Use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in immunotoxicity testing. AB - Based on an earlier described macromethod for the routine measurement of IgM and IgG in rat sera, a mechanized micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed. The assay was performed in the wells of microtiter plate thus minimizing the quantities of reagents and antisera needed. Data on reproducibility of the assay and calculation of IgM and IgG levels are provided. For the functional assessment of the humoral immunity of the rat, ELISA is a powerful tool. In an earlier report, assays for the titration of thymus independent IgM antibodies to E. coli LPS and the IgM and IgG response to the thymus-dependent antigen tetanus toxoid were described. More recently it was shown that the antigen ovalbumin elicits a thymus-dependent IgM, IgG and IgE response which could be readily measured with the enzyme immunoassay, as well as a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. As the optimum ovalbumin concentration for both types of reactions was the same, it is concluded that the ovalbumin model offers the advantage that both humoral and cellular immunity can be studies simultaneously in the same animal. PMID- 7037384 TI - In vitro immunotoxicological assays for detection of compounds requiring metabolic activation. AB - A system for metabolic activation of cyclophosphamide (CP), consisting of a crude microsomal fraction of mouse liver and necessary cofactors (S9 mix), was interfaced with three murine cell culture assays for immunotoxicity. These assays were: the Mishell-Dutton assay for in vitro antibody formation, splenic lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens and bone marrow cell cultures. There was no effect of CP at doses up to 261 microgram/ml (lmM) on any of the parameters measured unless S9 mix was included. Much greater potency was achieved if the S9 mix was prepared from livers of mice pretreated with phenobarbital. Under these conditions and dose-related inhibition of plaque-forming cells (PFC) in the Mishell-Dutton assay was observed, yielding an ED50 of 6.3 microgram/ml. When splenic lymphocytes were exposed to CP in the presence of induced S9 mix, a dose related inhibition of the response to the B-cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to the T-cell mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A), was observed. For the optimum LPS concentration, the ED50 for CP was 8.1 microgram/ml; for the optimum concentration of Con A, the ED50 was 6.7 microgram/ml. DNA synthesis was not inhibited by the doses used. When bone marrow cells were exposed to CP in the presence of induced S9 mix, the stem cell population, enumerated by colonization in semisolid medium, was reduced in a dose-dependent manner, with an ED50 of 5.2 microgram/ml. Again, DNA synthesis was not affected unless higher doses of CP were used. PMID- 7037385 TI - Chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression. AB - Chemotherapeutic agents are used widely in clinical medicine for the treatment of conditions where diminution of the host immune response is a goal. The clinical use of immunosuppression is indicated for immunologically mediated disease, lymphoproliferative diseases, and prevention of graft rejection. Five categories of agents are useful for these purposes; they are ionizing irradiation, corticosteroids, biological alkylating agents, antilymphocyte sera and antimetabolites. While the specific molecular action of many of these drugs is known, how they affect cellular events in immune responses is less clear. One of the unfortunate sequelae of chemotherapy induced immunosuppression is an increased susceptibility of the host to opportunistic pathogens or malignancies. Specific methods are described for monitoring the various parameters of both humoral and cellular immunity. Studies of immunologic function in lymphoma patients and cardiac transplant patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs have shown specific defects in cell mediated immunity to herpes viruses which may relate to their increased susceptibility to infection by these agents. PMID- 7037386 TI - Immune system as a target organ for toxicity. AB - Recently, interest has centered on the immune system as a target organ for toxic effects. This seems a reasonable choice, since it can be argued that alterations induced in this system as a result of a toxic insult could lead to impaired immunity. Such an alteration may be manifest in altered disease susceptibility. Documenting toxic effects upon the immune system is a difficult task due to the multifaceted network of specialized cells that carry out immune functions. Because of this complexity, it is necessary to develop a panel of immunologic assays to adequately cover the diverse functions that may be affected by a toxic substance. In the interest of efficiency and cost, it is preferable to organize the assay systems into a tier structure to generate the most information in the shortest time. An overview of the immune system is presented, an an example of one possible tier system of assays is described. PMID- 7037387 TI - Cell-mediated immunity and its application in toxicology. AB - A variety of in vivo and more recently in vitro assays have been described to assess cell mediated immunity (CMI). Two methods routinely employed in our laboratory to assess CMI following exposure to chemicals in rodents include delayed hypersensitivity and in vitro lymphoproliferation. Preliminary studies indicate that depressed delayed hypersensitivity responses, as performed by a radiometric assay, correlates with altered susceptibility to infectious agents and tumor cell challenge following exposure to immunotoxic chemicals. Furthermore, suppression of T-cell lymphoproliferative responses to at least 50% below control values correlated with depressed delayed hypersensitivity responses and altered host susceptibility. On the other hand, when suppression of T-cell lymphoproliferative responses are within 50% of control values, delayed hypersensitivity and host susceptibility parameters are not affected. Assuming adequate technical expertise and accurate data interpretation, CMI assays of these types can provide a valuable data base for toxicology studies and immunotoxicity assessment. PMID- 7037388 TI - In vitro assessment of humoral immunity following exposure to heavy metals. AB - The immune system of animals and man is extremely complex. This report will discuss the effect metals has on one segment of the immune system; that is, humoral immunity. Humoral immunity is essentially the production of antibody in response to an antigen. The B-lymphocyte is the primary cell responsible for producing antibody. However, this cell is regulated by T-lymphocytes and macrophages. Many methods are available to assess humoral immune responses. A multitude of immunoassays have been developed for enumeration of serum antibody. Some of these are immunodiffusion, complement fixation, serum neutralization, hemagglutination, radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Detection of antibody-forming cells distinguishes between effect on antibody production compared to degradation of preformed antibody. Other available methods are measurement of surface receptor (Fc and complement) activity on B-cells. Mitogens (T-independent) have also been regarded as a measurement for humoral immunity. In our laboratory, we have developed an ELISA technique that is appropriate for general assessment of humoral immune responses resulting from chemical exposure. This technique is highly sensitive and can be mechanized. The assay can easily be incorporated into the drug and chemical efficacy testing programs of industry. PMID- 7037389 TI - Immunotoxicology in the pharmaceutical industry. AB - Development of an immunotoxicology program within the pharmaceutical industry is described. With few guidelines in the area and a multitude of factors to consider, a basic screen for evaluating immune competence in species routinely used in toxicologic studies has been proposed. The future of immunotoxicology depends upon the ability of the selected immune function tests to be predictive of human risk. PMID- 7037390 TI - Diseases associated with immunosuppression. AB - Impairment of any of the major components of the immune system (T-cells, B-cells phagocytes, complement) may result in clinical immunodeficiency. Immune defects can arise from intrinsic or heritable defects of lymphoid elements, failure of normal cellular differentiation, viral infection or other acquired causes. Clinical impairment of immunity is expressed as a marked susceptibility to opportunistic and pathogenic organisms which are difficult to control and by an increased risk of malignancy, allergy and autoimmune disease. Certain immunodeficiency disorders are associated with aberrant immune regulation. The major types of immune deficiency are characterized by unique patterns of infections depending on the level at which the defect occurs and the pathogenic mechanisms of the parasite. The basic defects of representative primary and secondary immunodeficiencies are discussed in relation to observed immunologic consequences. PMID- 7037391 TI - The imidazole-promoted inactivation of horse-liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - The effect of imidazole on the inactivation of liver alcohol dehydrogenase by alkylation of Cys-46 with iodoacetate, bromoacetate, 2-bromopropionate, 3 bromopropionate, 2-bromobutyrate and iodoacetamide has been studied at pH 7.0. Imidazole promoted inactivation with all the compounds but 2-bromobutyrate. Enzyme inactivation with haloacids was faster in a ternary enzyme-imidazole haloacid complex compared to a binary enzyme-haloacid complex. Inactivation with iodoacetamide, which is a direct biomolecular reaction, was faster with the binary enzyme-imidazole complex as compared to the free enzyme. Results of haloacid and iodoacetamide inactivation in the presence of imidazole were fitted, by nonlinear regression analysis, to the rate expressions for the proposed mechanisms and the kinetic parameters resulted. Imidazole was also found to promote inactivation of the cobalt-substituted and cadmium-substituted liver alcohol dehydrogenases. CYs-46 is alkylated as a metal-thiol complex. Imidazole, when binding to the active-site metal, donates sigma-electrons to the metal atom, which distributes the increased electron density further to the other ligands. The increased nucleophilicity of the sulphur of Cys-46 results in promoted alkylation. Proof that the imidazole promotion effect is caused by a displaced electron distribution in the active-site coordination unit is provided by imidazole also promoting the alkylation of the model thiol, zinc-mercaptoethanol. PMID- 7037392 TI - Origin and characterization of short DNA chains in Escherichia coli. AB - One of the major problems in the study of DNA replications involves the presence of numerous short, non-nascent DNA chains in the cell. Such chains often contaminate nascent DNA preparations, making accurate analysis of the replicative DNA difficult. This complication can be avoided by the use of hydroxyapatite chromatography. Previous results from this laboratory had shown that short nascent DNA chains could be eluted from hydroxyapatite at low phosphate concentrations because of their non-covalent association with protein. Additional data now indicate that this isolation procedure yields a DNA preparation which contains only nascent DNA and is essentially free of non-nascent chains. 5' Terminal labelling patterns and molecular weight distributions show that only nascent DNA chains from the DNA-protein complex and can therefore be separated from non-nascent chains if the isolation is performed under non-denaturing conditions. The protein involved in the complex appears to be rather specific for DNA chains in the replication fork since short chains resulting from the excision of dUMP immediately after replication also form the DNA-protein complex. Using this isolation technique, the 5'-terminal nucleotides of nascent DNA chains were determined in an effort to learn something about the chain initiation process. DNA was pulse-labeled in several ways, purified by hydroxyapatite chromatography, and labeled at the 5' end with [32P]phosphate. Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography of the 32P-labeled nucleotides, obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis, revealed that all four deoxyribonucleotides are present at the 5' end in approximately equal amounts. In most cases, this 5'-terminal nucleotide distribution does not vary significantly, even when the conditions of pulse labeling are changed. Only if the cells are allowed to run out of thymine is a variation in the relative amounts of 5'-end nucleotides detected. In this case, the amount of dTMP at the 5' end decreases significantly, reflecting the low thymine levels and indicating that the cell can compensate for this deficiency by utilizing other available nucleotides. From these results, it appears that DNA chain initiation is essentially random with respect to the nucleotide used in the initiation process. PMID- 7037393 TI - Ribosomal protein S1 associates with Escherichia coli ribosomal 30-S subunit by means of protein-protein interactions. AB - Ribosomal proteins S1 when associated with the 30-S subunit does not interact with 16-S RNA but its binding is determined mostly by protein-protein interactions. These conclusions are based on the following data. 1. Ultraviolet irradiation (lambda = 254 nm) of the 30-S subunit does not result in the covalent cross-linking of S1 with 16-S RNA at irradiation doses up to 150 quanta/nucleotide, whereas the irradiation under the same conditions of S1 . polynucleotide complexes [S1 . poly(U), S1 . poly(A) and S1 . Q beta phage RNA] induces effective formation of polynucleotide-protein cross-links. 2. Mild treatment of 30-S subunits lacking S-1 with RNase A or with cobra venom endonuclease results in removal of 10--20% of the total nucleotide material but does not affect their sedimentation characteristics of their S1 binding capacity. 3. The association of S1 with S1-depleted 30-S subunits is insensitive to aurintricarboxylic acid, which is known as a strong inhibitor of complex formation between S1 and polynucleotides. 4. Mild trypsin treatment of S1 depleted 30-S subunits greatly reduces their S1 binding capacity. PMID- 7037394 TI - The substrate binding site of aldehyde reductase from pig liver. Stereochemical investigations using NADP--2-oxodiacid adducts as probe. AB - Aldehyde reductase I from pig liver is strongly inhibited by cyclized NADP--2 oxodiacid adducts. This result, in conjunction with those showing a strong inhibitory effect of certain diacid derivatives, such as (+/-)-dimethylsuccinic acid, towards aldehyde reductase I, suggests the presence of two anion sites in or near the substrate binding site. As previously shown to our group [Eur. J. Biochem. 116, 505--512 (1981)], at least one of the two anion sites is an arginine residue. The fact that (2R,3R)-dimethylsuccinic acid is bound more tightly to aldehyde reductase I than the meso and (2S,3S)-dimethylsuccinic acids is indicative of a particular spatial orientation of the two anion sites relative to those of the coenzyme and substrate binding sites of the reductase. This result also supports the idea that one of the two diastereomers of the cyclized adducts, corresponding to the A-side addition product, should exert a stronger inhibitory effect on aldehyde reductase than the other. On the basis of the NMR study made recently by L. J. Arnold et al. [Biochemistry, 18, 2787--2793 (1979)], who determined the conformation and configuration of cyclized pyridine nucleotide adducts, a tentative design of the hydrophobic pocket of the substrate binding site of aldehyde reductase I, containing the two anion sites, is presented. PMID- 7037395 TI - The role of biotin and sodium in the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate by the membrane-bound oxaloacetate decarboxylase from Klebsiella aerogenes. AB - The biotin-containing oxaloacetate decarboxylase from Klebsiella aerogenes catalyzed the Na+-dependent decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to pyruvate and bicarbonate (or CO2) but not the reversal of this reaction, not even in the presence of an oxaloacetate trapping system. The enzyme catalyzed an avidin sensitive isotopic exchange between [1-14C]pyruvate and oxaloacetate, which indicated the intermediate formation of a carboxybiotin enzyme. Sodium ions were not required for this partial reaction, but promoted the second partial reaction, the decarboxylation of the carboxybiotin enzyme, thus accounting for the Na+ requirement of the overall reaction. Therefore, the 14CO2-enzyme which was formed upon incubation of the decarboxylase with [4-15C]oxaloacetate, could only be isolated if Na+ ions were excluded. Preincubation of the decarboxylase with avidin also prevented its labelling with 14CO2. The isolated 14CO2-labelled oxaloacetate decarboxylase revealed the following properties. It was slowly decarboxylated at neutral pH and rapidly upon acidification. The 14CO2 residues of the 14CO2-enzyme could be transferred to pyruvate yielding [4 14C]oxaloacetate. In the presence of Na+ this 14CO2 transfer was repressed by the simultaneous decarboxylation of the 14CO2-enzyme. However, Na+ alone was insufficient as a cofactor for the decarboxylation of the isolated 14CO2-enzyme, since this required pyruvate in addition to Na+. It is therefore concluded that the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate proceeds over a CO2-enzyme--pyruvate complex and that free CO2-enzyme is an abortive reaction intermediate. The activation energy of the enzymic decarboxylation of oxaloacetate changed with temperature and was about 113 kJ below 11 degrees C, 60 kJ between 11 degrees C and 31 degrees C and 36 kJ between 31--45 degrees C. PMID- 7037396 TI - The generation of an electrochemical gradient of sodium ions upon decarboxylation of oxaloacetate by the membrane-bound and Na+-activated oxaloacetate decarboxylase from Klebsiella aerogenes. PMID- 7037397 TI - Degradation of band-3 glycoprotein in vitro by a protease isolated from human erythrocyte membrane. AB - The use of soybean-trypsin-inhibitor-Sepharose-4B to purify a protease present in human erythrocyte membranes is described. The fraction bound in the presence of calcium to the affinity absorbent is active on band-3 glycoprotein in a non-ionic detergent solution at neutral pH. Band-3 glycoprotein is degraded into components having the mobilities of the proteins of bands 4.5, 7 and of lower molecular weights. When calcium is omitted from the membrane extract, an inactive form of this enzyme can be purified. By DEAE-cellulose chromatography this inactive form can be converted into the active form, presumably by dissociation of an enzyme inhibitor complex. PMID- 7037398 TI - Isolation from thyroid cells or purified plasma membranes with associated actin microfilaments. Proteins bound to actin. AB - Plasma membranes of thyroid cells were purified from hog thyroid glands following two procedures. Their homogeneity was tested by electron microscopy and by measurements of the activity of membrane-bound enzyme markers. According to the procedure used the membrane fractions obtained present some differences in their morphological features as well as in the repartition of the activities of the membrane-bound enzyme markers. However, whatever the composition of the membrane fraction examined (membrane vesicles, single membrane sheets with junctional complexes), decoration with heavy meromyosin clearly shows the presence of actin filaments attached to these fragments. Analysis of proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates the presence of about twelve major components with actin. Treatment of membranes with Triton X-100 results in an insoluble core which contains all the actin and most of the major proteins. The selective extraction of these components by buffers differing in their ionic strength, pH, or the presence or absence of ATP X Mg has been used to characterize some of the proteins associated to actin; among them are filamin, myosin, alpha-actinin, tropomyosin. PMID- 7037399 TI - Rate of elongation of polyphenylalanine in vitro. AB - Ribosomes purified from Escherichia coli were preincubated with AcPhe-tRNA and poly(U). Then purified components necessary for polypeptide synthesis were added. Incubation of the complete system led to a burst of elongation which lasted for nearly 10 s. During the initial burst approximately 10% of the ribosomes participated in the elongation of poly(Phe) at an average rate per ribosome close to eight peptide bonds/s. The missense error rate with leucine was 4 x 10(-4) during the burst. Accordingly, the preincubated elongation system functions at a rate, as well as an accuracy, close to those of protein synthesis in vivo. PMID- 7037400 TI - Preparation of a mRNA-dependent cell-free translation system from whole cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A cell-free protein-synthesizing system has been prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by mechanical breakage of cells, isolation of a 30000 x g supernatant fraction and removal of endogenous mRNA by treatment with micrococcal nuclease. The system thus isolated is dependent on added mRNA and translates yeast mRNA to discrete products, many of then identical with yeast proteins synthesized in vivo. Activity and properties of this system are comparable to those of other eukaryotic cell-free translation systems. It offers the following advantages, compared to yeast translation systems described previously. (a) Its isolation is simple and fast. (b) Since it is not isolated from spheroplasts there is no danger of its inactivation by contaminants in enzymes used for spheroplast preparation. (c) Isolation appears to be less strain-dependent and can be carried out starting from cells in various physiological states. PMID- 7037401 TI - Export of a protein into the outer membrane of Escherichia coli K12. Stable incorporation of the OmpA protein requires less than 193 amino-terminal amino acid residues. AB - The cloned ompA gene encoding the major outer membrane protein OmpA of Escherichia coli has been shortened in vitro by exonuclease digestion from the end corresponding to the CO2H terminus of the protein. Nine derivatives were identified which still possessed substantial parts of the ompA gene and one was constructed which had suffered a small deletion early in the gene. Gene fragments encoding NH2-terminal OmpA sequences of 45, 133, 193, and 227 residues of the 325 amino acids of OmpA were examined in detail at the DNA level and for OmpA protein fragments synthesized. The latter two fragments were incorporated into the outer membrane and all known functions of the OmpA protein were expressed whereas the fragment with 133 OmpA-specific residues was not stably incorporated into this membrane. In all cases where OmpA functions were observed, an OmpA-specific polypeptide of Mr 24 000 was found in cell envelopes, regardless of the size of the residual ompA sequences and of the fused coding sequences in the vector DNA. Pulse-label experiments revealed larger initial translation products, most of which were degraded to the protein of Mr 24000. The 133-residue OmpA fragment was also detected but proved to be entirely unstable. It is argued that the OmpA protein consists of two domains and that the NH2-terminal moiety from residues 1 to about 180 represents the membrane domain of the polypeptide. Therefore, the loss of about 50, possibly less, CO2H-terminal residues from this domain suffices to interfere with stable incorporation into the outer membrane. PMID- 7037402 TI - Effect of secondary structure of messenger ribonucleic acid on the formation of initiation complexes with prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. AB - The effect of modification of the secondary structure of phage f2 RNA and brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA 3 on the formation of initiation complexes in Escherichia coli and wheat germ protein-synthesizing systems was studied. Modification of the RNAs was achieved by using O-methylhydroxylamine, which specifically reacts with cytosines; this leaves the initiation codons unchanged and, under denaturing conditions, leads to irreversible unfolding of the RNA. E. coli ribosomes interact with newly exposed AUG/GUG codons in the modified templates forming polysomes, whereas they form monosomes with native f2 RNA or BMV RNA 3. With wheat germ ribosomes, disomes are formed in the presence of BMV RNA 3, either native or modified. With f2 RNA, eukaryotic ribosomes form monosomes, independent of the secondary structure of the template. The results indicate that, in contrast to prokaryotic ribosomes, binding of eukaryotic ribosomes to f2 RNA or BMV RNA 3 is not affected by modification of the secondary structure of these messengers. PMID- 7037403 TI - Carp insulin: amino acid sequence, biological activity and structural properties. AB - The amino acid sequence of insulin of carp (Cyprinus carpio) has been determined and correlated with its biological activity in a fat-cell test and its structural properties as measured by circular dichroism and sedimentation analysis. The amino acid sequence of carp insulin displays some unusual features: the B chain is longer at the N terminus by two residues as compared with mammalian insulins and there are substitutions of the charged residues, found in most insulins at positions B21 and B22, by proline and threonine respectively. On the other hand, all amino acid residues essential for biological activity and for the association of insulin monomers are the same in carp insulin. Accordingly, the half-maximal response in a fat-cell test is reached with carp insulin at concentrations which are only three times higher than with porcine insulin and the maximal response is the same. The circular dichroism spectrum of carp insulin resembles greatly that of bovine insulin indicating that it has a similar spatial structure. Despite amino acid substitutions in the dimer-dimer contact region, carp insulin is able to form hexamers. PMID- 7037404 TI - Nucleotide sequence coding for the flavoprotein subunit of the fumarate reductase of Escherichia coli. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the frdA gene, which encodes the flavoprotein subunit of the fumarate reductase, of Escherichia coli, has been determined. A polypeptide of Mr = 66,052, containing 602 amino acid residues, is predicted. In composition the FrdA protein strongly resembles the flavoprotein subunits of two succinate dehydrogenases. Moreover, a sequence of nine consecutive residues is common to the flavoprotein subunits from fumarate reductase and the beef heart succinate dehydrogenase. This sequence contains a histidyl residue which probably services as the site for attachment of the FAD cofactor to the reductase. PMID- 7037405 TI - Efficient translation of the coat protein cistron of tobacco mosaic virus in a cell-free system from Escherichia coli. AB - Translation of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA in a cell-free system derived from Escherichia coli (MRE 600) reveals several discrete polypeptides in the Mr range of 10,000-50,000. The major product is a polypeptide of Mr 17,500 which comigrates with authentic TMV coat protein on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Structural investigations by peptide mapping techniques and differential radiolabelling confirm that the major product is TMV coat protein with an N-terminal methionine. The major polypeptide product can be assembled in vitro into virus-like ribonucleoprotein particles. The structural and evolutionary implications of this observation, and the values of TMV in elucidating eukaryotic mRNA interactions with the prokaryotic protein synthesizing machinery, are discussed. PMID- 7037406 TI - Preparation and characterisation of homogeneous neurotoxin type A from Clostridium botulinum. Its inhibitory action on neuronal release of acetylcholine in the absence and presence of beta-bungarotoxin. AB - 1. Large-scale production and purification of complexes between Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin and haemagglutinin have been achieved. 2. Haemagglutinin free neurotoxic protein of the complexes was purified to high specific neurotoxicity by affinity chromatography, on p-aminophenyl beta-D thiogalactopyranoside coupled to Sepharose 4B, followed by chromatography on DEAE Sephacel. 3. The resultant neurotoxin was homogeneous on isoelectric focussing (pI = 6.3) and on dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non reducing conditions when its Mr was 1.4 X 10(5); after reduction two polypeptides (Mr = 9.9 and 5.5 X 10(4) were present. 4. On double-immunodiffusion gels, using antiserum against neurotoxin-haemagglutinin complex, the neurotoxin showed a single, sharp precipitin line that was immunologically distinct from a relatively non-toxic protein (Mr = 1.3 X 10(5), which co-purifies with the neurotoxin but is removed by the ion-exchange chromatography step. 5. Application of the neurotoxin to animals in vitro or in vivo produced near complete and irreversible blockade of neurotransmission. Botulinisation of rat leg muscles reduced spontaneous transmitter release; the amplitude of miniature end-plate potentials was altered from the normal 'bell-shaped" to a skewed distribution. 6. In normal muscle, a large transient increase in frequency of the miniatures was produced by beta bungarotoxin. In contrast, with botulinised muscle the latter induced a much smaller increase in the absolute frequency; in addition, the mean amplitude was increased somewhat but the distribution remained skewed. The results show botulinisation of muscle modifies the action of beta-bungarotoxin. PMID- 7037407 TI - Bromopyruvate as an affinity label for Baker's yeast flavocytochrome b2. Identification of an active-site cysteine and characterization of some cysteine peptides. AB - It was previously reported that bromopyruvate behaves as an active-site-directed reagent for flavocytochrome b2 [Mulet and Lederer (1977) Eur. J. Biochem. 73, 443 447], but that some unspecific labeling also took place [Alliel, Mulet, and Lederer (1980) Eur. J. Biochem. 105, 343-351]. In this work, radioactive peptides were purified after labeling the enzyme with bromo[2-14C]pyruvate. Direct proteolysis of the labeled enzyme led to a multiplicity of labeled peptides, due to incomplete proteolysis. Four of them were characterized, corresponding to two unique cysteine residues. Cyanogen bromide cleavage of the labeled protein, followed by enzymatic digestion, led to the isolation of peptides corresponding to four cysteines, including the two previously identified ones. Comparison of the specific radioactivity of the various labeled peptides lead us to the conclusion that the active-site cysteine must be the one present in the 85 residue cyanogen bromide peptide alpha CB3. The sequence around that cysteine is Ala-Ser-Cys-Ser-Pro-Gln-Gln-Ile-Ile-Glu-Ala-Ala-. PMID- 7037408 TI - Kinetic equivalence of the subunits of liver alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 7037409 TI - Attachment of lipoprotein to the murein of Escherichia coli. AB - The rate of incorporation of [3H]diaminopimelate into the lipoprotein attachment sites was compared to the rate of its incorporation into total acid-insoluble and dodecylsulphate-insoluble murein. In contrast to earlier findings, we could detect no significant difference in these rates of incorporation, suggesting that the lipoprotein molecules are not specifically excluded from the murein growth sites. The amount of lipoproteins bound to the murein increased when the cells entered the stationary phase of growth. PMID- 7037410 TI - Purification and characterisation of a small DNA-binding protein, HB, from Bacillus globigii. AB - We have purified a small, heat-stable DNA-binding protein from Bacillus globigii: HB protein. The protein binds cooperatively to double-stranded DNA and the DNA protein complexes are destabilised by the presence of moderate (0.1 M) levels of monovalent cations or by low levels (10 mM) of Mg2+. We have also purified two small DNA-binding proteins from Escherichia coli, NS1 and NS2 [Suryanarayana, T. and Subramanian, A.R. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 520, 342-357], also known as HU protein [Rouviere-Yaniv, J. and Gros, F. (1975) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 72, 3428-3432] that have been extensively studied by others. We have prepared antibodies against all three proteins and have shown that all three are, by immunological criteria, related. PMID- 7037411 TI - A mitochondrial protease that cleaves the precursor of ornithine carbamoyltransferase. Purification and properties. AB - Ornithine carbamoyltransferase of rat liver mitochondrial matrix (subunit Mr = 36,000) is synthesized extra-mitochondrially as a larger precursor (subunit Mr = 39,400) which is transported into mitochondria, in association with post translational proteolytic processing. Rat liver mitochondria convert the precursor to the mature enzyme as well as to a 37,000-Mr product, a possible intermediate of the processing [Mori, M., Miura, S., Tatibana, M., and Cohen, P.P. (1980) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 77, 7044-7048]. A protease responsible for the conversion of the precursor to the 37,000-Mr product was purified 140-fold from the matrix fraction of rat liver mitochondria. The protease had an estimated Mr of 108,000 and an apparent pI of 5.5. Mature ornithine carbamoyltransferase (0.5 microgram) did not inhibit the cleavage of the precursor by the protease and presumably the latter cleaves a specific site on the extrapeptide of the carbamoyltransferase precursor. The protease was inhibited by metal-chelating reagents such as EDTA, o-phenanthroline and zincon and by a high concentration (1 mM) of leupeptin. It did not cleave several of the protein and peptide substrates tested including the precursor of mitochondrial carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I. Apparently the same protease activity is widely distributed among mitochondria of rat kidney, spleen, heart and ascites tumor cells, all of which lack ornithine carbamoyltransferase. A possible physiological role of the protease in the processing of the mitochondrial protein precursors is discussed. PMID- 7037412 TI - Spindle dynamics during mitosis in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - We studied mitosis in vegetative amebae of Dictyostelium discoideum by phase contrast microscopy of live and flat-embedded cells, by time-lapse microcinematography, and by electron microscopy of ultrathin sections. The mean time from early prophase to the end of cytokinesis was 10 min 32 s (range: 6 min 23 s to 15 min 40 s). The start of anaphase divided the mean total time for mitosis into two almost equal intervals. Spindle elongation was analyzed in detail in 10 amebae. It was composed of an active first and a passive second phase. The mean duration of the active phase was 94.7 s, the mean increase in spindle length for that interval was 6.1 micrometers, and the mean velocity of elongation was 4.0 micrometers/min. The spindle possibly elongates via an interaction between interdigitating microtubules of the central spindle (cf. [14]), but the mean elongation factor of 2.9 indicates that these microtubules themselves must elongate concomitantly. PMID- 7037413 TI - The treatment of mild hypertension: a review. PMID- 7037414 TI - An early intervention secondary prevention study with oxprenolol following myocardial infarction. PMID- 7037415 TI - Ureteral motility after renal autotransplantation. AB - Twelve kidneys were autotransplanted to the internal iliac vessels in 11 patients for the treatment of renovascular hypertension. The ureter had been left unresected in all but one case, where a transuretero-ureterostomy was performed. A radiographic study of the ureteral motility was obtained during the postoperative period recording images every 1.5 s with a spot-camera system. The ureters appeared to follow different courses, due to the different surgical procedures. In all but two cases the transport of urine was obtained through separate boluses, frequency and direction of peristalsis were within normal ranges, and significant dilation was never observed. PMID- 7037416 TI - Serum protein profiles in carcinoma of the kidney. AB - The levels of serum acute phase reactant proteins (APRPs) have been examined in untreated kidney carcinoma and during the evolution of metastases. These proteins can provide a warning of the likelihood of extensive local or metastatic spread at first presentation. The levels of APRPs rise with increasing tumour burden but the system is insensitive to small tumour burdens. beta 2-Microglobulin levels do not contribute additional information. Serum phosphohexose isomerase tends to be elevated when there is a large tumour burden but its change does not accurately mirror the rate of expansion of the tumour. The APRPs and phosphohexose isomerase are useful in alerting the clinician to the probability of metastases or large local masses in kidney cancer, but have a limited use in monitoring. PMID- 7037417 TI - The historical evolution of the internal urethrotomy. PMID- 7037418 TI - Alternative surgery in renal transplantation: spleno-renal anastomosis. PMID- 7037419 TI - Renal autotransplantation. AB - The progress of renal transplantation has made possible the development of autotransplant and extracorporeal surgery. This has allowed us to find a new tactical solution to those cases in which conservative conventional surgery was impossible or useless, including those cases where the only solution used to be nephrectomy or high urinary diversion. In other cases such as surgery of renovascular hypertension, its application has allowed us to obtain a greater percentage of cures with fewer risks for the patient. Although we must admit that this operation has been abused, in the last few years its indications have increased due to the good results obtained. The fewer complications and absence of mortality demonstrate that autotransplanation is a good solution and has undoubtedly increased our surgical possibilities. PMID- 7037420 TI - Diuretic radionuclide methods for investigating hydroureteronephrosis. PMID- 7037421 TI - Renovascular hypertension. Predictability of surgical cure of unilateral renal artery stenosis and bilateral renal artery stenosis. AB - Records of 75 patients with renal artery disease were studied. Divided renal vein renins and peripheral renins were collected under strict salt and drug intake and postural conditions. The divided renal vein renin ratio and the Vaughan-Laragh combination analysis formula were compared. Scores of both methods were tabulated and compared in each patient with results from surgery. Both methods, when positive, are highly predictive of cure in patients with renal artery disease. Both methods are plagued by significant false-negative rates: 20% for renal vein renin ratio and 33% for the scoring system in patients with unilateral stenosis and 35 and 48%, respectively, in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis. For these reasons, surgical selection should be based on evaluation of a combination of the clinical presentation, angiographic findings, and renin data and not based on any method of analysis of renin data alone. PMID- 7037422 TI - The problem of recurrences and infection after surgical removal of staghorn calculi. AB - A series of 99 consecutively operated patients presenting staghorn stones has been reviewed to ascertain the factors implicated in recurrent calculogenesis. 71.7% of the calculi were infection stones; 50.7% harbored Proteus species bacteria and 33.8% Escherichia coli. Struvite stones were found in 57.6% followed at long distance (18.2%) by carbonate apatite, calcium oxalate (11.1%) and mixed (9.1%) stones. Postoperative assessment revealed 17% residual stones, which enhanced infection in 46.7% of these cases and regrew to form a new dendritic stone in 33.3%; 80% of these repeat stones were struvite. 31.5% of the patients initially freed of their calculi by the operation, had true recurrences, and 56.5% of them had resistant urinary infection, caused by Proteus or E. coli (50% 50%). Progressive growth of the recurrent lithiasis occurred in 61.5% of the infected cases, while 87.5% of the recurrences occurring in patients with sterile urine remained stabilized. In the group of nonrecurring lithiasis (56.8%) only 16% had urinary infection. These results confirm the preponderant role played by infection in the pathogenesis of staghorn "malignant' lithiasis and move the authors to make a plea in favor of postoperative integrated therapy, including the use of long-term antibacterial agents and urease inhibitors. PMID- 7037423 TI - Isolation and electrophoretic analysis of immune complexes from patients with breast cancer. PMID- 7037425 TI - Report of the immunology working party of the EORTC melanoma group. PMID- 7037424 TI - Metabolic modification by insulin enhances methotrexate cytotoxicity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. PMID- 7037426 TI - Enhanced prostacyclin production by dipyridamole in man. AB - The effects of some phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors (dipyridamole, theophylline, papaverine and SH-869) on prostacyclin (PGI2) production have been studied in vitro and in vivo. PGI2 was bioassayed by Vane's superfusion technique. In rabbit aortic rings, only dipyridamole in concentrations from 1 to 12 microM was able to stimulate PGI2 biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was also detected with so-called "exhausted" rabbit aortic rings. The other PDE inhibitors used, both in microM and mM concentration, did not affect PGI2 biosynthesis. Dipyridamole was found to increase PGI2 production in healthy volunteers, when given both by infusion (8 micrograms/kg/min x 2h) and by oral administration (375 mg/day for seven days). Circulating PGI2 and PGI2 production induced by a 3-min period of ischaemia were increased by an average of 137% (p less than 0.001) and 30.8% (p less than 0.001) respectively. Saline and theophylline (as aminophylline) infusions used as controls did not affect PGI2 production. PMID- 7037427 TI - To Niels Kai Jerne on the occasion of his 70th birthday: an appreciation of his contribution to immunology. PMID- 7037428 TI - Heterogeneity of complement receptor expression on surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells from neonatal and adult mice. AB - The ontogeny of acquisition of complement receptors (CR) on splenic B lymphocytes from mice of varying ages was examined. Reagents used for the identification of CR included antibody- and complement-coated erythrocytes (EAC), bacteria (BAC) and bacteria treated with complement alone (BC). When whole mouse serum used as the source of complement both EAC and BAC failed to bind to human erythrocytes (C3b receptor-negative), showed binding to Raji and Daudi cells (C3d receptor) and formed rosettes with human neutrophils (C3bi receptor). Therefore these reagents bore C3d and C3bi, but not intact C3b. Although EAc and BAC detected nearly equal percentages of CR lymphocytes in adult mice, BAC bound to a higher percentage of neonatal lymphocytes (8-12%) than did EAC (1-3%). The ability of BAC to detect EAC-negative lymphocytes among neonatal spleen lymphocytes appeared to be due to the increased sensitivity of this bacterial reagent for binding to CR. Further evidence of this enhanced sensitivity was that BAC were less inhibitable than EAC by soluble antigen-antibody-complement complexes. PMID- 7037429 TI - Effects of captopril on urinary excretion of prostaglandins and electrolytes in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Captopril was administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the acute and long-term effects on the urinary excretion of Na, K, prostaglandin (PG)E2 and PGF2 alpha were studied. Captopril (30 mg and 100 mg/kg p.o.) increased urine volume, urinary Na and K excretion on the 1st and 2nd days of its administration. The urinary K/Na ratio was decreased in the captopril-treated groups on the 1st to 3rd day. Urinary PGE2 excretion in the captopril 100 mg/kg group was significantly increased compared to that in the control group (210.6 +/- 31.4 vs. control 123.2 +/- 8.4 ng/day) on the 1st day of captopril administration. A slight but significant increase in urinary PGF2 alpha excretion was also seen in the captopril 100 mg/kg group (105.2 +/- 9.8 vs. control 75.8 +/- 2.1 ng/day). But PG excretion declined during prolonged treatment and these were no significant difference between the control and captopril-treated groups on the 3rd and 6th week. These data suggest that captopril increases renal PG only as an acute phase and that the increase of PG at least partly accounts for natriuretic affects of the agent. PMID- 7037430 TI - Phosphoryl-Leu-Phe: a potent inhibitor of the degradation of enkephalin by enkephalinase. PMID- 7037432 TI - Effects of phencyclidine on excitatory amino acid activation of spinal interneurones in the cat. PMID- 7037431 TI - Comparison of the pulmonary, hepatic and renal extraction of PGI2 and 6-keto PGE1. AB - Prostaglandin (PG) I2 and 6-keto-PGE1 were infused into the aortic arch, femoral vein, renal artery and portal vein in anesthetized dogs over a dose range to produce a stable decrease in systemic blood pressure after 7 min of infusion. Mesenteric artery blood flow was measured continuously with a non-cannulating electromagnetic flow probe. Parallel log dose-response relationship were seen for decreases in blood pressure and increases in mesenteric blood flow with both prostaglandins when infused into the aortic arch. The dose responses for intra aortic and intravenous infusion of PGI2 were not different but were shifted to the right with intrarenal and intraportal infusions. With 6-keto-PGE1 the dose responses after intravenous, intrarenal and intraportal infusions were all shifted to the right. By comparing doses which reduced blood pressure by 10 mm Hg, the extraction of the PGs by the lungs, kidney and liver was calculated PGI2 had no significant pulmonary extraction. 31% renal and 75% hepatic extraction. In contrast, 6-keto-PGE1 had extractions of 40, 66 and 51% for pulmonary, renal, and hepatic vascular beds, respectively. We conclude that 6-keto-PGE1 is reasonably well extracted by the lungs, kidney, and liver. PMID- 7037433 TI - Dissecting the hematopoietic microenvironment. V: limitations of repair following damage to the hematopoietic support stroma. AB - Damage and repair of the hematopoietic microenvironment of the spleen was studied using X-irradiation, anoxic necrosis induced by splenic ligation, or a combination of the two, as the destructive agents. Spleen colony number, size and type, 59Fe uptake, and microscopic study of splenic structure were used as means of assessment. The most severe or least repaired damage was induced by high dose irradiation (4000 r), by 1000 r followed immediately by splenic ligation, and by two successive splenic ligations separated by a 30 day recovery period. It was seen that reduction of CFUs lodgment, as measured by f factor, played a very major role in the lesser number of spleen colonies formed after either kind of damage. Following the several treatments, the numbers of spleen colonies formed, their size and their typing as erythrocytic or granulocytic varied independently of each other, suggesting that these functions of the microenvironment, and the cell types responsible for them, are independent of each other. The exhaustion of regenerative capacity displayed by repeatedly ligated spleens suggested a maximal limit for stromal cell replications commensurate with Hayflick's hypothesis. PMID- 7037434 TI - The organization of hemopoietic tissue as inferred from the effects of 5 fluorouracil. AB - Mouse bone marrow obtained one day after injection of 5-fluorouracil (FU) had a markedly diminished content of spleen colony forming units (CFUs) but retained its capacity to repopulate the marrow granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cell (GM-CFC) and CFUs compartments of 850 R irradiated hosts and had only a slightly reduced platelet repopulating ability (PRA). A significant correlation (r = 0.94, P less than 0.001) was observed between the content of high proliferative potential granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (HPP-GM-CFC) and the platelet and marrow GM-CFC repopulating abilities of bone marrow cell suspensions. Spleens of irradiated mice, injected with marrow from donors treated with FU between 1 and 7 days before showed an increase in colony numbers with time of sampling between 8 13 days after transplantation. In contrast, the colony counts observed in mice injected with normal bone marrow remained constant over that time interval. The colonies derived from bone marrow of FU treated mice grew faster than those from bone marrow of normal mice. Spleens obtained from irradiated mice, 10 days after injection of bone marrow derived from donors treated with FU 1 or 3 days before, showed only a few macroscopic surface colonies but when sectioned were found to contain large numbers of microscopic colonies, 80% of which were megakaryocytic. The results are interpreted on the basis of a clonal succession model of hemopoiesis with stem cells of varying proliferative potential and proliferation rates increasing as capacity for cell production decreases. PMID- 7037435 TI - Improved survival mediated by Corynebacterium parvum following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in rabbits. AB - The effect of Corynebacterium parvum on survival was studied in aplastic rabbits transplanted with allogeneic bone marrow cells. Twenty four hours after receiving 1200 rad of total body irradiation, NZW males were reconstituted from unrelated R females using bone marrow combined with spleen cells or with marrow alone. The effects of treating donor, or both donor and recipient, with C parvum were contrasted. Rabbits in Group I were infused with a mixture of bone marrow and spleen cells. In control aminals (Group Ia) none of the 14 animals survived to 40 days. Similarly, there were no survivors among 17 animals in group Ib where only the donors were pretreated with C. parvum. When both donor and recipient received this agent (Group Ic) three of the 13 animals (23%) survived beyond 40 days. Animals in Group II were infused with marrow cells alone. Of the controls (Group IIa), 3 out of 24 animals (12.5%) survived to 40 days; pretreatment of the donor with C. parvum (Group IIb) resulted in survival of 8 of the 18 animals (44%); when both donor and recipient received this agent (Group IIc), 16 of 26 animals (62%) survived beyond 40 days. Both the incidence and the severity of histologically demonstrable graft-versus-host disease was markedly reduced in the surviving animals. These observations demonstrate a significant effect of parenteral C. parvum on the prolongation of survival in the irradiated rabbit following transplantation with allogeneic bone marrow cells, which is related to reduction in GVHD. PMID- 7037436 TI - Relative stability of inductive properties versus adaptable support capacity for hemopoietic colony formation in the spleen. AB - The capacity of stromal cells in heterotopic spleen implants to influence colony formation by injected CFU was studied after recovery of host mice from anemia, hypertransfusion or irradiation. The effect of irradiation on the prospective spleen implants was also studied. The ability of implanted spleens to attract CFU and support their colony formation was enhanced following post-implantation recovery in splenectomized, bled or irradiated hosts, whereas prior irradiation of the implant donors with 500 rad x-irradiation impaired these properties. Although slight changes were noted in the ratio of developing erythrocytic and granulocytic colonies, the characteristic inductive properties of the splenic HIM were not considerably changed following post-implantation recovery in non perturbed or perturbed hosts. A period of anemia did not change the inductive properties and the extent of colony formation of in situ spleens, as measured after the mice had normalized their hematocrits. In contrast, in hypertransfused host mice, hyperplasia and increased colony formation was observed 2 weeks after mice regained their normal hematocrit values, but here also no shifts in E/G ratios were observed. The observations indicate that the characteristic inductive properties of the splenic stroma are quite stable. However, the capacity to attract injected CFU and initiate their colony formation can be manipulated to a great extent during a phase of splenic growth; also the induced changes remain established for a considerable period. PMID- 7037437 TI - Hemopoietic activity in bone marrow chimeras prepared with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). AB - The hemopoietic status was examined in the blood, bone marrow and spleen of (BALB/c X C57BL/6)F1 hybrid mice treated with fractionated total lymphoid irradiation (TLI), with or without reconstitution with 30 X 10(6) syngeneic or parental C57BL/6 marrow cells. Colony forming units of pluripotent (CFUS) and granuloid committed stem cells (CFUC) were assayed in non-irradiated (femur) and irradiated bone marrow (humerus), and in spleen 9, 18, 73 and 109 days following TLI. Recovery of CFUS and CFUC was nearly complete as early as day 18, and fully recovered on day 73 in endogenously as well as exogenously (syngeneic and semiallogeneic) reconstituted mice. Mice transplanted with C57BL/6 bone marrow exhibited a 10-fold increase of CFUC in the spleen on day 9 and maintained a 4 fold increase of CFUC on day 109, with normal CFUC in shielded, and near normal CFUC in irradiated bones. In contrast, the number of CFUS in the irradiated humerus was below 10% of all controls on days 18-73 and below 30% on day 109. Also, the number of CFUS in the spleen was very much reduced at days 73-109. Unirradiated femora contained normal CFUC and only mildly depressed CFUS. The data suggest that repopulation of bone marrow is adequate although somewhat less efficient in irradiated as compared to shielded bones, whether or not exogenous marrow is transplanted. Semiallogeneic chimeras (C57BL/6 leads to F1) show low CFUS relative to high CFUC levels, particularly in irradiated organs (spleen and humerus). This may suggest an advantage, from a hemapoietic standpoint, to selective irradiation of lymphoid tissues, rather than the less selective wide fields that overlap marrow containing bones. PMID- 7037438 TI - Autoimmune neuromuscular disease induced by a preparation of choline acetyltransferase. PMID- 7037439 TI - Trypanosoma lewisi: enhanced resistance in naive lactating rats and their suckling pups. PMID- 7037440 TI - Plasmodium berghei: architectural analysis by freeze-fracturing of the intraoocyst sporozoite's pellicular system. PMID- 7037441 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: colony formation and clonal growth in agar. PMID- 7037442 TI - Dipetalonema viteae: extraction and immunogenicity of cuticular antigens from female worms. PMID- 7037443 TI - Plasmodium falciparum: comparative analysis of erythrocyte stage-dependent protein antigens. PMID- 7037444 TI - Existence of an alpha-chymotrypsin-like immunoreactivity in bovine mast cells. PMID- 7037445 TI - Medicaid funding of family planning clinic services. PMID- 7037446 TI - Tubal sterilization and hysterectomy. PMID- 7037448 TI - The high density lipoproteins. PMID- 7037447 TI - Abortion services in the United States, 1979 and 1980. PMID- 7037449 TI - [Immobilized enzymes and subcellular fractions in therapeutic use]. PMID- 7037450 TI - [Lipoproteins lipase and its effect on very low density lipoproteins]. PMID- 7037451 TI - Implications of a dynamic theory on the behavior of the bile salt-lecithin association in water. PMID- 7037452 TI - [Apoprotein S. Structure, origin, function, fate, induction, and implications in pathology]. PMID- 7037453 TI - [Mechanisms of the concerted regulation by calcium ions and cyclic nucleotides in eukaryotic cells]. PMID- 7037454 TI - The topographical localization of IF3 on Escherichia coli 30 S ribosomal subunits as a clue to its way of functioning. PMID- 7037455 TI - Amino acid sequence of the signal peptide of OmpF, a major outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7037456 TI - HeLa cells lack recA gene. PMID- 7037457 TI - Reactivation of APO liver alcohol dehydrogenase with lead, mercury and cadmium. PMID- 7037458 TI - Control of yeast and mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis by cytoplasmic factors. PMID- 7037459 TI - Classification of narcotics on the basis of their reinforcing, discriminative, and antagonist effects in rhesus monkeys. AB - Drug discrimination and drug reinforcement procedures were used to classify a variety of narcotic agonists, mixed agonist-antagonists, and antagonists in the rhesus monkey. A five-way classification was formed. Morphine-like agonists were compounds that shared the capacities to reinforce responding, to produce discriminative stimulus effects similar to those of morphine, and to suppress withdrawal in morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys. Morphine-like mixed agonists antagonists were differentiated from pure agonists primarily by their capacity to elicit abstinence signs in morphine-dependent monkeys. A third class of narcotic agonists had ethylketazocine as a prototype. These compounds shared a distinctive set of interoceptive stimuli, failed to maintain significant responding relative to morphine-like agonists, and neither suppressed nor elicited withdrawal in morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys. The ethylketazocine-like mixed agonist antagonists were similar to the ethylketazocine-like agonists, except that they shared the capacity to precipitate a morphine withdrawal syndrome. Narcotic antagonists (e.g., naltrexone) did not share interoceptive effects with either morphine or ethylketazocine, but were able to block the discriminative effects of both types of agonists. Furthermore, narcotic antagonists induced narcotic abstinence in morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys. The present classification scheme may be useful in identifying the properties of new narcotics, for clarifying relationships between narcotics and other pharmacological classes, and in comparing classifications based on other effects of narcotics. PMID- 7037460 TI - [Feldsher P. K. Beletskii: writer, publicist, ethnographer and public figure]. PMID- 7037461 TI - Induction of menarche by clomiphene citrate in a fifteen-year-old girl with the Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome. PMID- 7037462 TI - Emotional aspects of infertility. PMID- 7037463 TI - Induction of luteolysis by luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) agonist: sensitivity, reproducibility, and reversibility. AB - The reproducibility, reversibility, and the maximal effectiveness of the luteolytic action of [D-Trp6,Pro9NEt]-LRF (luteinizing hormone-releasing factor) (LRF-agonist) were evaluated during 43 treatment cycles in 15 normal women. LRF Ag (50 microgram) administration subcutaneously on 1 or 2 days at varying times during the luteal phase of consecutive cycles was made. Successful luteolysis was achieved in 26 of 27 cycles (96%) in which LRF-Ag was administered between 5 and 8 days after the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak. However, LRF-Ag treatment failed to induce luteolysis in 10 of 13 cycles (77%) when treatment began within 5 days of the LH peak. The luteal phase of posttreatment cycles was functionally unaffected by prior LRF-Ag treatment. The present study has thus demonstrated the reproducibility and reversibility of LRF-Ag as a potent luteolytic agent, although its action is dependent upon the timing of administration with a window of maximal effectiveness on days 5 to 8 of the luteal phase. PMID- 7037464 TI - A study of sperm acrosin in patients with unexplained infertility. AB - Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and the fluorometric enzyme method (FEM) were used to study sperm acrosin levels of semen obtained from 13 men of known fertility (group I), 14 male partners of unexplained infertile couples (group II), 4 men among unexplained infertile couples who fathered a child during evaluation and follow-up (group III), and 13 oligospermic males (group IV). Using analysis of variance with the Student-Neuman Keuls post hoc comparisons, we found statistically significant differences between acrosin levels of groups I and II, groups I and IV, groups II and III, and groups III and IV (P less than 0.01) for each comparison and P less than 0.05 for entire experiment). Although RIA was found to be superior to the fluorometric technique, there was excellent correlation between the two methods (r = 0.7; P less than 0.001). This study suggests an association between low sperm acrosin levels and infertility. PMID- 7037465 TI - Antisperm antibodies and human infertility. AB - In a trial to evaluate the role of antisperm antibodies in human infertility, 120 couples (30 normal controls and 90 suffering from various types of infertility) were examined for the presence of agglutinating antibodies (by the Kibrick and Franklin-Dukes methods) and immobilizing antibodies in the serum, cervical mucus, and seminal plasma. In the male partners the highest and most significant incidence was found in the serum and seminal plasma of the group with poor sperm motility. In the female partners the highest and most significant incidence was found in the serum and cervical mucus of the group with unexplained infertility. It was concluded that it is greatly advisable to test for antisperm antibodies in selected groups of infertile couples. PMID- 7037466 TI - Identification of mammalian sperm surface antigens. I. Production of monoclonal anti-mouse sperm antibodies. AB - Surface antigens of mammalian sperm were studied by use of monoclonal antibodies (MAs). Six hybridoma cell lines were obtained by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from rats immunized with unwashed, epididymal sperm from C3H mice. Quantitative assessment of antibody binding, using a solid phase, antibody protein A assay, indicated that four MAs bound to integral, sperm surface antigens; two others bound to nonintegral sperm antigens or epididymal fluid components. Immunofluorescence studies showed specific binding of individual MAs to localized regions: acrosome, midpiece, and midpiece and tail. All of these MAs inhibited sperm-egg binding, and those to the midpiece and/or tail immobilized sperm cells. The monoclonal antibodies provide probes for immunochemical characterization of sperm antigens and for elucidation of the role of the antigens in sperm. PMID- 7037467 TI - Microbial presence in the uterine cavity as affected by varieties of intrauterine contraceptive devices. AB - A group of 33 baboons was used to study the effect of various intrauterine device (IUD) assemblies on the entrance of vaginal/cervical microflora into the uterine cavity for a total experimental period of 16 months. These animals were specially prepared surgically so that intrauterine samples could be taken aseptically and percutaneously rather than transvaginally. While the insertion and presence of any of the IUD assemblies used in this study could promote intrauterine bacteria, the principal determining factor was not the device itself, but rather retrieval tail. Multifilament tails were much more effective than monofilaments. Of particular interest is the fact that many potential pathogens can be present in the uterus for long periods in a benign, almost "normal flora" fashion without producing disease. PMID- 7037468 TI - Ultrasound in reproductive endocrinology. PMID- 7037469 TI - [Neurotrophic control of the resting membrane potential of phasic muscle fibers in frogs]. AB - Muscle denervation or blockade of axoplasmic transport by colchicine with no impairment of neuro-muscular transmission, cause a decrease of the resting membrane potential (RMP) of muscle fibers in frogs. Administration of actinomycin D or puromycin does not affect the development of depolarization in muscle fibers under these conditions. Ouabain does not change the RMP of muscle fibers, which indicates to small amount of "pumping" current in the RMP. Adrenaline, insulin, dibutyryl c. AMP, theophylline hyperpolarize the muscle fiber membrane in denervated and intact muscles. Ouabain abolishes this effect. The fiber RMP in denervated and colchicine treated muscles in potassium-free Ringer solution is lower than in intact muscles under similar conditions. The mechanism of postdenervation depolarization of muscle fibers seems to depend on decrease in the intact intracellular potassium concentration as a result of Na+, K+-pump diminished activity. Neurotrophic control of muscle fibers RMP in frog depends on the substances supplied by axoplasmic flow. PMID- 7037470 TI - Simplified border molding using silicone material. PMID- 7037471 TI - Operative dentistry: a review of the literature 1977-1981. PMID- 7037472 TI - Community dentistry: a review of the literature on prevention of dental caries (1978-81). PMID- 7037473 TI - History: I. Norman Broomell, DDS. PMID- 7037474 TI - History: Edward H. Angle, DDS. PMID- 7037476 TI - Nonprecious crown & bridge materials and techniques, part I. PMID- 7037475 TI - History: Charles Goodyear. PMID- 7037477 TI - History: William G. A. Bonwill. PMID- 7037478 TI - Histories of present dental schools in the United States. The University of Nebraska College of Dentistry. PMID- 7037479 TI - The "cracked-tooth" syndrome. PMID- 7037480 TI - [Glossary--dental]. PMID- 7037481 TI - [Glossary-dental]. PMID- 7037482 TI - [Glossary-dental]. PMID- 7037483 TI - [German dental-medical industry. History - tasks structure]. PMID- 7037484 TI - Dental preparation technique 1981. Cavity and crown preparations, two basic procedures. PMID- 7037485 TI - Immunopathological studies on a case of Sweet's syndrome. AB - Immunopathological studies in a case of Sweet's syndrome revealed IgM- and IgE bearing polymorphonuclear leucocytes in involved skin when the direct immunofluorescence technique was used. Circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils showed defective chemotaxis with normal random migration, phagocytosis, killing, and hexose monophosphate shunt activity. PMID- 7037486 TI - Evaluation of various antigenic substrates for the detection of antinuclear antibodies. AB - The present study deals with the evaluation of some substrates for the detection of nuclear antibodies by the indirect immunofluorescence method. We have examined white male mouse liver imprint, white female pregnant mouse liver imprint, compound substrate consisting of male mouse liver, kidney and gastric wall sections, skin sections from psoriatic patients, skin sections from squamous cell carcinomata, male rabbit spleen imprint, skin sections from healthy adults people, skin sections from basal cell epitheliomata, skin sections from patients with lichen planus, male mouse spleen imprint and male guinea pig spleen imprint. To evaluate the substrates, we have employed 4 selected sera from patients with collagen disease. It was observed that some types of antinuclear antibodies demonstrate greater affinity for certain substrates and the fluorescent nuclear pattern might change on serial dilutions. From all the substrates studied, the white male mouse liver imprint and the male rabbit spleen imprint were considered as the most efficient for routine purpose as they are both sensitive and easily obtainable. PMID- 7037487 TI - Impaired insulin secretion in human diabetes mellitus III. The effect of the serotonin antagonist metergoline. AB - The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of metergoline, a powerful and long-lasting antiserotoninergic agent, on insulin responses to glucose and arginine in adult-onset diabetic subjects. The repeated administration of this agent (10 mg daily for two days plus a 4 mg dose 1 hour before the post-treatment test) or placebo did not influence acute insulin response to intravenous glucose (20 g), total insulin secretion or glucose disappearance rates. Similarly, plasma glucose and insulin levels following arginine (30 g perfused over a period of 40 min) were similar before and after metergoline treatment. These results do not support the hypothesis that an endogenous monoamine mechanism plays an important part in defective insulin secretion in human non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7037488 TI - Diabetes in pregnancy: effects on the maturation of (pro) insulin biosynthesis in fetal and neonatal rat islets. PMID- 7037489 TI - [Effect of long-term metformin treatment on the development of diabetes in genetically diabetic mice (DBM) (author's transl)]. AB - Genetic diabetic obese, hyperinsulinaemic mice of the DBM (db/db) strain received long-term metformin. The drug was given orally (200 mg/kg twice a day) by gastric intubation starting from the 13th week of age to the 42 th. A continuing hypoglycemic effect was observed with a simultaneous decrease of HbA1c. The immunoreactive plasma insulin and body weight of treated homozygous mice were higher than those of homozygous controls. No significant modification of food consumption and blood lipids was noted. Pancreatic islets of homozygous controls showed, by light and electron microscopy, a characteristic hypersecreting appearance at 25 th week compared to that of heterozygous animals. Morphological dedifferentiation (canalicular changes and foreign cell colonization) followed in most cases at the 42 th week with reduction in B-cells. Pancreas of treated mice was similar to that of controls at 25 th but showed less B-cell exhaustion and islet degeneration at the 42 th week, explaining higher plasma IRI concentration. PMID- 7037490 TI - Effects of high glucose concentrations on the insulin biosynthesis of rat pancreatic islets maintained for extended periods in tissue culture. AB - The effects of prolonged culture of rat pancreatic islets at a high glucose concentration have been investigated. Isolated islets were cultured for either one day, one week or four weeks in 5.5 mM or 55 mM D-glucose or 5.5 mM D-glucose plus 49.5 mM L-glucose. At the end of the culture periods both the basal and stimulated rates of (pro) insulin and total protein synthesis were measured in short-term incubations and the islet insulin content was also determined. After prolonged culture (1-4 weeks) the insulin content of islets maintained at 5.5 mM D-glucose (with or without L-glucose) increased 2.5-4 times, while that of the high-glucose exposed islets remained essentially unchanged. The (pro) insulin biosynthetic response to an acute glucose challenge, after both one day and one week was less marked in the 55 mM than in the 5.5 mM glucose cultured islets. This may largely be due to the high basal rates of (pro) insulin biosynthesis observed in the high glucose cultured islets. At the end of the fourth culture week the rates of (pro) insulin biosynthesis were similar in all three experimental groups. The results indicate that prolonged in vitro exposure of islets to an abnormally high glucose concentration does not result in any specific injurious effects on the B-cells. PMID- 7037491 TI - Influence of diabetes on oxidation of exogenous substrates in rat aorta. AB - The influence of diabetes on the oxidation of exogenous glucose, pyruvate, beta hydroxybutyrate and palmitate was studied in rat aorta. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). The metabolic processes were measured during incubation in vitro for 90-180 min. After a diabetes duration of two weeks the oxidation of glucose, pyruvate and beta-hydroxybutyrate was lowered while the oxidation of palmitate was unaffected. The effect of diabetes on glucose oxidation appeared after 24 h and was more pronounced after 48 and 96 h. The lowered glucose oxidation in diabetic aorta was still present after incubation of rat aorta in organ culture for 48 h. Insulin treatment increased the glucose oxidation in diabetic aorta after 24 h and after 48 h the glucose oxidation in diabetic aorta was markedly increased. Incubation of diabetic aorta in organ culture for 48 h with insulin added to the incubation medium did not increase its glucose oxidation. Pretreatment of rats with diazepam and phentolamine before sacrifice, did not influence glucose oxidation or lactate production in vitro. Addition of albumin to the incubation medium slightly increased glucose oxidation but did not affect lactate production. The alternations in substrate oxidation in diabetic rat aorta found in this study are qualitatively similar to those found in diabetic striated muscle. PMID- 7037492 TI - Reinier de Graaf. PMID- 7037493 TI - Renin activity, aldosterone levels and urinary sodium and potassium excretion under tocolytic therapy with salbutamol. AB - The effects of long-term therapy with salbutamol on renin activity, aldosterone levels and urinary sodium and potassium excretion in pregnant women are studied. Salbutamol was given intravenously in a first group of 18 patients in preterm labor, orally in a second group of 9 patients, whereas a third group of 17 patients was taken as control. No significant changes were observed in renin activity and aldosterone levels between the first and the fifth day of intravenous or oral therapy and in 24-h sodium urinary excretion. Only potassium excretion showed a significant decrease (P less than 0.01) within 24 h from the start of the intravenous therapy, returning to control levels after 48 h. From these results, no replacement of potassium seems to be necessary in patients undergoing tocolytic therapy with betamimetic drugs. PMID- 7037494 TI - Cesarean section till the end of the 16th century. PMID- 7037495 TI - Classic illustration. PMID- 7037496 TI - Adherence of Candida albicans to human vaginal epithelial cells: inhibition by amino sugars. AB - In vitro adherence of Candida albicans to human vaginal epithelial cells was studied, aimed at identifying the surface components involved in this binding. The inhibitory effect of yeast cell wall components and their constituents on the adherence of yeasts to epithelial cells was tested. Only chitin, its hydrolysate derivative and N-acetylglucosamine, the constituent of chitin, acted as inhibitors. Binding was also inhibited by the amino sugars glucosamine and mannosamine, while none of the other sugars tested (methylated or nonmethylated) exhibited such an effect. These data suggest that the amino groups of sugars are responsible for the inhibition of adherence of this eucaryotic microorganism to epithelial cells. PMID- 7037497 TI - Fibronectin distribution pattern and the three-dimensional growth behavior of mammalian cells under anchorage-independent conditions. AB - Several types of normal diploid cells, established "normal" cells, and transformed cells of human and rodent origin have been studied with reference to cell surface fibronectin distribution and their anchorage-independent growth behavior. All cell types that showed intercellular and fibrillar surface fibronectin were anchorage-dependent for growth. Lack of surface fibrillar fibronectin in spontaneously or virus-transformed cells and cells of neoplastic origin was accompanied by anchorage-independent growth potential. The degree of three-dimensional organization of cells under anchorage-independent growth conditions was dependent on the amount of intercellular fibronectin. The significance of these observations to in vivo tumor growth is discussed. PMID- 7037498 TI - Hexose transport in adipocytes. PMID- 7037499 TI - Recycling of the insulin-sensitive glucose transport mechanism in fat-cells. PMID- 7037500 TI - Population and birth planning in the People's Republic of China. PMID- 7037501 TI - A multicentre general practice study to compare Psoradrate 0.1% and Dithrocream 0.1% in the treatment of chronic psoriasis. AB - a multicentre general practice study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of two proprietary dithranol preparations, Psoradrate 0.1% and Dithrocream 0.1%, in the treatment of chronic psoriasis, using a single blind, within-patient trial design. A total of forty-nine patients entered the study and treatment lasted for 6 weeks. Psoradrate 0.1% produced a greater mean per cent clinical improvement in psoriasis than Dithrocream 0.1% at each stage of the trial, and this difference was statistically significant (p equal to 0.025) at 4 weeks. The evidence also suggested that Psoradrate 0.1% resulted in greater reductions in psoriatic scaling. most patients found that the Psoradrate 0.1% was more effective and a significant majority (p equal to 0.01) thought that it worked faster than Dithrocream 0.1%. Although the increased effectiveness of the Psoradrate 0.1% was associated with a higher incidence of stinging/burning of the skin, this was not reflected in the patients' overall opinions of the treatments. Twenty-three patients preferred Psoradrate as against seventeen who preferred Dithrocream. PMID- 7037502 TI - Comparative antihypertensive effects of guanabenz and clonidine. AB - The safety and efficacy of guanabenz and clonidine were compared in 188 hypertensive patients during a 6-month double-blind trial. Mean supine diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) decreased from 103 to 88 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) among guanabenz patients and from 101 to 88 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) among clonidine patients who completed 6 months of b.i.d. therapy. Clinically significant individual SDBP decreases occurred in 85% of the guanabenz patients and 83% of the clonidine patients after 6 months. Adverse effects, consisting primarily of drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, and weakness, were similar in the two therapy groups. The responses obtained with guanabenz (b.i.d.) were maintained, along with a decrease in adverse effects, by an equivalent single daily dose of guanabenz during a second 6 months of therapy. Seventy-six per cent (13/17) of the patients whose blood pressure was not adequately controlled by guanabenz alone after 8 weeks of therapy subsequently responded to a combination of guanabenz and hydrochlorothiazide. Similarly, 85% (17/20) of the patients who failed to respond to clonidine alone subsequently responded to guanabenz either alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide. These results suggest that guanabenz or the combination of guanabenz and hydrochlorothiazide is effective therapy for the majority of hypertensive patients. PMID- 7037503 TI - Nonuniform distribution of fibronectin during avian limb development. PMID- 7037504 TI - Clinical, biochemical and morphological responses of patients with villous atrophy to oral betamethasone valerate and clobetasone butyrate. AB - 10 patients with sub-total villous atrophy were given the topical corticosteroids betamethasone valerate or clobetasone butyrate for a period of 4 months whilst continuing on a normal diet. 5 patients improved symptomatically while red cell folate, urinary xylose and faecal fat excretion also improved. Brush border enzymes increased in patients treated with higher dosages of each drug. Enterocyte height increased and intra-epithelial lymphocytes were significantly decreased although overall morphological appearances remained indistinguishable from untreated coeliac disease. Suppression of the pituitary adrenal axis occurred in 8 patients and there did not appear to be useful separation of topical from systemic activity. These compounds offer no advantage over prednisolone in non-responsive coeliac disease. PMID- 7037505 TI - The transient effect of strict glycaemic control on B cell function in newly diagnosed type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. AB - Within 24h of diagnosis, 15 consecutive Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients were allocated at random to one of two treatment groups: group A (n = 9, mean age: 28 years, range: 17-35 years) was treated conventionally with one or two daily doses of insulin; group B (n = 6, mean age: 27 years, range: 21-37 years) was treated with nine daily injections of fast-acting insulin for ten days and there-after conventionally as for group A. The mean diurnal blood glucose concentration during the initial ten days of insulin treatment was 11.7 +/- 0.5 mmol/l (mean +/- SEM) in group A and 6.4 +/- 0.3 mmol/l in group B (p less than 0.01). Pancreatic B cell function was evaluated 1, 7, 14, 90, and 180 days after the start of insulin treatment from the C-peptide response to a standard meal. At one and seven days after diagnosis, no difference was found in B cell function between the two groups. After 14 days, the amount of C-peptide secreted during the test meal was 18.0 +/- 2.6 nmol (mean +/- SEM) in group A compared with 29.0 +/- 3.6 nmol in group B (p less than 0.05). After 90 and 180 days, no difference was demonstrated in B cell function. The maximal B cell function observed was similar in the two groups, but occurred earlier in group B (at 14 days) than in group A (at 90 days) (p less than 0.05). This study indicates that strict initial glycaemic control may lead to an earlier improvement in B cell function, but that this improvement is of short duration. PMID- 7037506 TI - The effect of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide infused at physiological concentrations on the release of insulin in man. AB - Blood glucose and the responses of insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were measured in 12 healthy, normal weight subjects after drinking 50 g glucose. On a subsequent occasion each subject was given a simultaneous infusion of GIP and glucose to mimic the plasma concentrations observed in the first test. The peak GIP concentration after oral glucose was 22.3 +/- 1.9 pmol/l (mean +/- SEM), but was higher after GIP infusion at 36.3 +/- 4.6 pmol/l, (p less than 0.005). The blood glucose levels following oral glucose peaked at 6.3 +/- 0.5 mmol/l which was the same as seen after intravenous glucose. The insulin response to oral glucose was, however, far higher (431.3 +/- 58.2 pmol/l) than that obtained after GIP and glucose infusion (191.6 +/- 30.9 pmol/l, p less than 0.001). Thus it has not proved possible to explain completely the oral enhancement of insulin release by the action of GIP alone. PMID- 7037507 TI - A comparison of the activity and disposal of semi-synthetic human insulin and porcine insulin in normal man by the glucose clamp technique. AB - The activity of semi-synthetic human insulin has been compared with porcine insulin in normal man using an euglycaemic glucose clamp at two different insulin infusion rates. In the two hour infusion insulin levels plateaued for both types of insulin at 44-48 mU/l (infusion rate 0.05 U kg body weight-1 h-1) and 22-24 mU/1 (0.02 U kg-1 h-1), giving identical metabolic clearance rates. The glucose delivery required to maintain euglycaemia in the second hour of insulin infusion was 13.9 +/- 2.1 g (mean +/- SEM) and 14.7 +/- 1.5 g (NS) at the lower dose for porcine and human insulins respectively, and 27.1 +/- 2.5 and 28.0 +/- 2.9 g (NS) at the higher dose. The potency ratio for human, compared with porcine, insulin was 1.06 +/- 0.12. No differences were seen in the time of onset of action of the insulins, serum half-life or distribution space. The responses of blood lactate, pyruvate, alanine, glycerol and 3-hydroxybutyrate were identical. No untoward reactions occurred. The activity and disposal of this semi-synthetic human insulin are indistinguishable from porcine insulin in normal euglycaemic man. PMID- 7037509 TI - Contractile activity and prostacyclin generation in isolated coronary arteries from diabetic dogs. AB - The present study was aimed at determining the generation of "prostacyclin (PGI2) like-material" in coronary arteries from normal and diabetic (pancreatectomized) dogs as well as the contractile responses to prostacyclin of preparations from normal, diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic animals. PGI2 produced a dose dependent relaxation of coronary arteries from normal dogs. In contrast, those from diabetic animals were not related; indeed, at low concentrations PGI2 failed to evoke any effect but at higher ones it induced a distinct contraction. In arteries from diabetic animals treated with insulin, PGI2 induced a biphasic contractile effect, which lay between that of normal controls and untreated diabetics. In addition the basal generation of "PGI2-like-material" by coronary arteries was significantly higher in the diabetic (141 +/- 0.2 pg/mg, mean +/- SEM) than in normal dogs (59 +/- 0.2 pg/mg). The present experiments demonstrate that the generation of "PGI2-like substance" is significantly increased in coronary arteries from diabetic dogs, but the same vessels are unable to respond to added authentic PGI2 with relaxation; on the contrary they react with a distinct positive contractile response. PMID- 7037508 TI - Lipoprotein lipase activity and serum lipoproteins in untreated type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes associated with obesity. AB - Serum lipoproteins and the heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were measured in 36 untreated obese patients with Type 2 (insulin-independent) diabetes and the values were compared with those of non-diabetic subjects of similar age, sex and relative body weight. In diabetic men, the LPL activity of adipose tissue was significantly reduced when expressed per tissue weight or per fat cell (p less than 0.01). Diabetic females had slightly but not significantly lower LPL activity in adipose tissue than the non-diabetic females. The muscle LPL activity was similar in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects of both sexes. When the diabetic men were classified according to fasting blood glucose, the patients with high glucose levels had lower adipose tissue LPL activity than those with moderate hyperglycemia. In both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, there was a significant positive correlation between HDL cholesterol concentrations and adipose tissue LPL activity. It is concluded that Type 2 diabetes influences adipose tissue LPL activity and plasma lipoprotein concentrations and that this effect is superimposed on the similar changes produced by obesity alone. PMID- 7037510 TI - Lack of glucagon response in glucose counter-regulation in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetics: absence of recovery after prolonged optimal insulin therapy. AB - Mild hypoglycaemia was induced using an artificial pancreas in five normal subjects (from 5.00 +/- 0.15 to 2.83 +/- 0.15 mmol/l) by infusing 28 mU/m2 per min soluble insulin for 60 min. Six Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients were stabilized for 14h using an artificial pancreas. They were then rendered hypoglycaemic (from 4.94 +/- 0.09 to 2.89 +/- 0.11 mmol/l) by infusing 28 mU/m2 per min plus 16 +/- 3.8 mU/min insulin for 60 min. Before the study, the diabetic patients were in optimal blood glucose control (mean blood glucose 6.72 +/- 0.11 mmol/l over the previous 14-20 days; HbA1 8.3 +/- 0.1%). During the insulin infusion test, blood glucose decrement was slower in the diabetic patients than in the control subjects. The blood glucose nadir was delayed in the diabetics until 75 min compared with 55 min in the control subjects. Blood glucose recovery rate in the diabetic subjects was severely impaired. In Type 1 diabetes, the counter-regulatory hormonal response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia is similar to that of non-diabetics, except for that of glucagon, the blunted response of which is not reversed by prolonged optimisation of blood glucose control. This impaired response of the A cell does not seem to be a consequence of insulin deficiency. PMID- 7037511 TI - The effect of insulin antibodies on insulin dose and diabetic control. AB - In a single blind randomised cross-over study, 40 patients were changed from ordinary bovine to highly purified porcine insulins for a period of 6 months. Half were later rechallenged with bovine insulin. Sequential determinations of IgG insulin binding capacity for bovine insulin were correlated with insulin dose and diabetic control. After changing to highly purified insulins the following correlations were observed between percentage change in insulin dose and change in insulin binding capacity: at 2 months r = 0.35 (p less than 0.05), at 4 months r = 0.38 (p less than 0.02) and at 6 months r = 0.37 (p less than 0.02). When the patients who showed substantial changes in HbA1 were removed from the analysis, the remaining 29 demonstrated a clearer relationship between these two variables (r = 0.56, p less than 0.01). Removal of patients with a low initial insulin binding capacity left 18 patients with stable diabetes, and changes in insulin binding capacity and insulin dose showed an even closer correlation for this group (r = 0.77, p less than 0.001). A similar degree of positive correlation was observed after rechallenge with bovine insulin. We conclude that the level of circulating insulin antibody affects the dose of insulin required to maintain stable diabetic control. PMID- 7037512 TI - The effect of glucose stimulation on 45calcium uptake of rat pancreatic islets and their total calcium content as measured by a fluorometric micro-method. AB - Glucose-stimulated 45calcium uptake and total calcium content of rat pancreatic islets has been studied, using a new fluorometric micro-method to estimate total calcium. Extracellular calcium was separated from incubated tissue by a rapid micro-filtration procedure. Islets incubated up to 60 min with calcium chloride 2.5 mmol/l and glucose 2.5 mmol/l maintained the same calcium content (670 +/- 7.5 pmol/microgram DNA). When the glucose concentration was raised to 15 mmol/l no change in the total calcium content could be detected. On incubation with glucose 2.5 mmol/l in the absence of calcium, the calcium content decreased to 488 +/- 27 pmol/microgram DNA. On incubation with 45calcium chloride 2.5 mmol/l for 5 or 30 min at 2.5 mmol/l glucose, islets exchanged 21 +/- 2 and 28 +/- 1% of their total calcium content and, at 15 mmol/l glucose, 30 +/- 3 and 45 +/- 2%, respectively. Thus, islet calcium has a high turn-over rate. Glucose stimulation results in an increase of the calcium uptake without enhancing the total calcium content and hence must increase the calcium-exchangeable pool. PMID- 7037513 TI - A histological study of intrasplenic transplanted neonatal rat pancreas and of adjacent adipose tissue proliferation. AB - Proliferation of adipose tissue adjacent to intrasplenic transplants of whole isogeneic neonatal rat pancreas has consistently been noted. In this study over a period of 18 months there was a progressive increase in the amount of fatty tissue in the vicinity of surviving transplants. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide within islet cells in long term grafts. Electron microscopy demonstrated a close association between islets and lipid droplets. Ductal elements within the transplants survived and showed close association with endocrine cells, but exocrine pancreatic tissue degenerated rapidly. Radioimmunoassay of extracts from surviving transplants in isogeneic rats confirmed the presence of high levels of insulin and glucagon after transplantation. In contrast, allogeneic intrasplenic transplants of rat pancreas failed to survive and showed no evidence of adipose tissue proliferation. Furthermore, isogeneic intrasplenic transplants of both adult rat fat and adrenal gland also failed to demonstrate adipocyte proliferation. It would appear that the presence of both adipocytes and pancreatic endocrine cells, particularly B cells, are required for the proliferation of adipocytes at the graft site. PMID- 7037514 TI - New approaches to therapy and diagnosis of diabetes. AB - Recent progress within the field of molecular biology has resulted in the development of a new technology known as 'recombinant DNA'. This technology deals with a number of biochemical techniques for handling DNA which include: (1) cutting DNA at specific sites, (2) inserting DNA into bacteria or mammalian cells so that the cell will replicate the DNA and (3) manipulation of cloned DNA so that the host cell makes the protein for which the DNA codes [1-3]. Already a number of hormones including somatostatin, human growth hormone and human insulin [4] have been produced by these new methods. However, there are certain criteria which should be considered before new sources of hormones are generally accepted for treatment of human diseases. We shall review some of the problems which may arise in the case of insulin, by comparing the chemical and immunological properties of insulin from various sources. Recombinant DNA methods have, in addition, made it possible to study islet cell structure and function at the gene level. These studies include analysis of gene structure and of how they are transcribed and translated. Structural analyses which seem to be significant in the differential diagnosis of diabetes will be reviewed. PMID- 7037515 TI - Islet cell surface antibodies in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: use of human fetal pancreas cultures as substrate. AB - Sixteen pancreases from 11-24 week old human fetuses were cultured for up to 11 days to investigate islet cell surface antibodies. Hormonal content and presence of cytoplasmic autoantigen were assessed by immunofluorescence with specific antihormone sera and high titre cytoplasmic islet cell antibody positive sera. Viable islet cells cultured on coverslips were tested with 21 islet cell antibody positive sera from Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetics, one islet cell antibody positive serum from a non-diabetic and four normal control sera. Surface binding immunoglobulins were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in nine out of 11 newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetics and in two out of ten longstanding diabetics with another coexistent autoimmune endocrinopathy. The four-layer double immunofluorescence technique showed that the surface antibody stained insulin secreting cells, but owing to rarity of A and D cells in the fetal cultures it has not yet been possible to exclude the reactivity of islet cell surface antibodies with glucagon or somatostatin cells. PMID- 7037516 TI - [Wine: a natural prophylactic?]. PMID- 7037517 TI - [Gabino Barreda, the doctor]. PMID- 7037518 TI - [Gabino barreda, the educator]. PMID- 7037519 TI - [Tools of contemporary immunology: new and old]. PMID- 7037520 TI - Walter Bradford Cannon, M.D.: Reflections on the physician, the man, and his contributions. PMID- 7037521 TI - Radiographic features of small intestinal injury in human graft-versus-host disease. AB - Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the life-threatening complications of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation; it is probably due to an immunological reaction mounted by engrafted lymphocytes against the host. Symptoms of involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in GVHD are abdominal cramps and diarrhea, accompanied by a variety of functional derangements. The histologic changes, most marked in the ileum and colon, consist of necrosis of crypt epithelium leading to glandular depopulation. The radiographic features in the small intestine were studied in 7 patients with gastrointestinal GVHD. Characteristic was the disappearance of mucosal folds in a substantial part of the small bowel, most marked distally. Furthermore, there was thickening of the bowel wall and a very rapid transit of contrast material. The findings are compared with findings in the literature. PMID- 7037522 TI - Peritoneovenous shunt in the management of ascites and the hepatorenal syndrome. PMID- 7037523 TI - Gastrointestinal manifestations of the muscular dystrophies. AB - Skeletal and cardiac muscle involvement is a recognized feature of the muscular dystrophies. Visceral smooth muscle involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is not as well appreciated. Gastrointestinal symptoms may herald the onset of a muscular disorder and may be the predominant feature of the disorder. In some instances, smooth muscle dysfunction may be the only clinical manifestation of the disease. The gastrointestinal manifestations of the various muscular dystrophies are reviewed. Clinical, radiographic, and histologic features are discussed. Further study of the histopathology and pathophysiology of visceral smooth muscle involvement in the muscular dystrophies will have a substantial impact on treatment that, to a large extent, remains empiric. PMID- 7037524 TI - Double-blind, controlled trial of propylthiouracil in patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis. AB - Sixty-seven patients entered a double-blind, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of propylthiouracil treatment in severe alcoholic hepatitis. Twenty three percent (7 of 31) given propylthiouracil and 19% (7 of 36) given placebo died during the 6-wk study. Propylthiouracil treatment did not reduce the frequency and incidence of complications in alcoholic hepatitis, but induced hypothyroidism in 4 patients. Treatment produced no beneficial effect on any of the hepatic biochemical tests. We were unable to show any beneficial effect of propylthiouracil treatment on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis. PMID- 7037525 TI - Variceal hemorrhage: a critical evaluation of survival analysis. AB - Treatment of variceal hemorrhage is one of the most controversial subjects in medicine. The resurgence of old therapies (endoscopic sclerotherapy) and the introduction of new modalities (obliterative angiotherapy) has exacerbated the controversy. No widely accepted controlled therapeutic trial is available. The problem related to survival analysis has been studied in the light of the available information concerning the natural history of variceal bleeding. It is believed that controlled trials can be designed which will prove the efficacy, or lack of it, for any proposed treatment; however, valid conclusions based on previous studies are limited, largely because of the many confounding variables. Time, as a variable factor both for randomization and therapeutic intervention, has been largely ignored, yet, we believe it is the major variable in this setting. For the population of variceal bleeders, risk of rebleeding or death rapidly diminishes over the first few days after a bleed, and early survival may be the best marker for later survival. Neither presentation nor treatment seems to alter this fundamental behavior. Variceal hemorrhage may serve as a prototype for problems of survival analysis of diseases with early high mortality. PMID- 7037526 TI - [Natural family planning: ovulation method after Billings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037527 TI - Time-dependent environmentally-induced changes in cerebral and extra-cerebral morphology and chemistry--the basis of learning, memory and behavior. PMID- 7037528 TI - The actions of tetraethylammonium at the neuromuscular junction. AB - 1. Tetraethylammonium (TEA) produces contractures in slow muscle fibres of the chick and the guinea-pig. 2. These contractures probably involve (a) the facilitation of the release of acetylcholine by TEA (b) direct stimulant action of TEA on the post-synaptic membrane with little accompanying depolarization. 3. Since microelectrode studies on fast twitch fibres indicate that TEA exerts a blocking action on the Na+/K+ ion channel of the end-plate it may be that TEA produces its direct contracture-inducing action in slow fibres by increasing Ca2+ influx. PMID- 7037529 TI - Hypolipidemic and glycogenolytic effect of clofibrate (CPIB) in hypothyroid mice: role of insulin and glucagon. AB - 1. The role of endogenous glucagon and insulin on the hypolipidemic and glycogenolytic effect of clofibrate was determined in the euthyroid and propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroid mice. 2. PTU was fed in diet (0.15%) for 2 weeks and then clofibrate added to diet (0.25%) for 4 weeks. 3. Both PTU and clofibrate significantly increased liver weight but had no effect on kidney weight. PTU significantly decreased plasma triglycerides (TG) and increased cholesterol (Ch). 4. Clofibrate had a significant hypotriglyceridemic effect in both euthyroid and hypothyroid mice but did not affect plasma cholesterol. 5. Clofibrate decreased hepatic glycogen in euthyroid but not in hypothyroid mice. 6. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity was not affected by either PTU or clofibrate. 7. Neither PTU nor clofibrate affected hepatic TG or Ch. 8. Biliary lipid changes due to PTU treatment were reversed by clofibrate administration. 9. Since plasma insulin and glucagon levels were not affected by clofibrate in either euthyroid or hypothyroid mice, our results suggest that the hypotriglyceridemic and glycogenolytic effect of clofibrate is not mediated by changes in circulating insulin and glucagon ratio. 10. Moreover, while the glycogenolytic effect of clofibrate seems to be dependent, the hypotriglyceridemic effect seems to be independent of thyroid hormones. PMID- 7037530 TI - The effect of oral contraceptives on reproductive function during semichronic exposure to ethanol by the female rat. AB - 1. Female rats were placed on water, 5% ethanol (ET), or 20% ET drinking solutions for 8 weeks. The last 2 weeks, the rats received orally either ethinyl estradiol (EE), norethindrone acetete (NED), or a combination of both. 2. Luteinizing hormone decreased due to ET drinking and was undetectable subsequent to the steroidal treatment. 3. Prolactin increased after steroid treatment and alcohol drinking in the controls. 4. Ethanol (5%) plus EE increased prolactin as did the steroidal combination, whereas ET (20%) likewise increased prolactin in conjunction with NED over water controls. 5. Hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase was inhibited due to EE when compared to water-controls in the 5% ET drinking animal, whereas aldehyde dehydrogenase was induced in combination with NED in both the 5% and 20% ET drinking rats. PMID- 7037531 TI - Cysts (large follicles) and colloid in pituitary glands. PMID- 7037532 TI - Insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and glucagon release from the chicken pancreas in vitro: responses to changes in medium glucose and free fatty acid content. PMID- 7037533 TI - Immunochemical characterization of gastrin/cholecystokinin-like peptides in the brain of the blowfly, Calliphora vomitoria. PMID- 7037534 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of pro-gamma-MSH-like substances in the pituitary gland of various vertebrate species. PMID- 7037535 TI - Genetic diversity and temporal variation in the E. coli population of a human host. AB - Electrophoretic techniques were employed to study variation in chromosomal genes encoding enzymes and in the distribution of cryptic plasmids in the E. coli population of a human host over an 11-month period. Thirteen of the 15 enzymes studied were polymorphic, and mean genetic diversity per locus was 0.39. Among 550 clones isolated from fecal samples, protein electrophoresis revealed 53 distinct electrophoretic types (ETs). Most ETs appeared on only one or a few days and were considered transients, but two (ET-12 and ET-13) were observed many times over extended periods and represented residents. Complete turnover in the transient ETs in the population occurred in periods of from two weeks to a month. ETs appearing in one month showed no particular genetic similarity to those of the previous month. - All but 4 of the 53 ETs carried one or more "cryptic" plasmids with molecular weights ranging from 1 to 80 megadaltons. With few exceptions, the plasmid composition of each ET was unique. In the course of the 11-month sampling period, there were changes in the plasmid profiles of the resident strains ET-12 and ET-13, and also in the profile of a recurrent strain, ET-2, which was isolated on four days. Modification of the plasmid profile of ET 12 involved the sequential addition of relatively high molecular weight bands. For ET-2 and ET-13, the changes in the plasmid profiles were radical, suggesting invasions of new cell types rather than merely the addition and deletion of plasmids. - The results of this study provide three lines of evidence that recombination plays a minor role in the generation of genetic diversity in the E. coli population of a single host. (1) Several pairs of loci were in strong linkage disequilibrium; compared to a randomly generated array of genotypes, the sample of ETs contained an excess of pairs differing at one or two loci and too many pairs with highly distinctive combinations of electromorphs. (2) In most cases where pairs of ETs differed at a single locus and, therefore, could reasonably have been generated by phage- or plasmid-mobilized gene transfer, the plasmid profiles of the pair members were radically different and/or the potentially transmitted alleles were not present in other ETs in the population. (3) Although ET-12 was abundant, being represented by 252 of the 550 clones sampled, the electrophoretic type most similar to ET-12 different from it at six loci, and ET-12 carried two unique alleles. We conclude that most of the genetic diversity observed in this human host is a consequence of successive invasions of E. coli genotypes. PMID- 7037536 TI - High frequency of genetic duplications in the dnaB region of the Escherichia coli K12 chromosome. AB - The region that includes the dnaB locus on the E. coli K12 chromosome was shown to be duplicated at high frequency in cell populations. The duplications were shown to be arranged in tandem and segregated at various frequencies. Segregation was dependent on the recA recombination system, but independent of recB,C. Though most of the data was obtained with dnaB::Tn10 insertion mutants, the duplications were shown to occur in the absence of Tn10. PMID- 7037537 TI - Agents that cause a high frequency of genetic change from [psi+] to [psi-] in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The [psi] factor of yeast is cytoplasmically inherited. Singh, Helms and Sherman (1979) reported that high concentrations of KCl and of ethylene glycol induce the genetic change from [psi+] to [psi-]. In this study, the following agents have been shown to induce the same genetic change: guanidine hydrochloride at 1 mM, dimethyl sulfoxide at 2.5% v/v and ethanol or methanol at 10% v/v. It is likely that a number of other agents also cause the change, namely 2 M glycerol, M succinate, M glutamate and M MgCl2. Most of these agents induce the change at very high frequencies; with some, the frequency is 100%. Although the observed phenotypic change can also occur as a result of chromosomal gene mutation, no changes of this type were identified. Some of the agents also cause mutation from [rho+] to [rho-] and from killer to sensitive. PMID- 7037538 TI - The effects of three different mal loci on the regulation of maltase synthesis in yeast. AB - Inbred haploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae carrying MAL1, MAL2 or MAL6 in a common background have been crossed to each other and to strains carrying no active MAL loci. The kinetics of maltase induction and the induced maltase levels have been examined in the inbred strains and in haploid segregants of the crosses. Differences have been found in the kinetics of induction and induced maltase levels that segregate with the different MAL loci. In the strains tested, the relative rates of maltase induction were MAL2 greater than MAL6 much greater than MAL1; the relative induced maltase levels were MAL2 greater than MAL6 similar to MAL1. These results indicate that MAL1, MAL2 and MAL6 are (or include) regulatory genes that control the accumulation of the enzymes of maltose fermentation. PMID- 7037539 TI - [Distribution, homology and cloning of cryptic Bacillus thuringiensis plasmids]. AB - The 69-6 strain of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae harbours at least 7 cryptic plasmids (pBTG1 - pBTG7) with molecular lengths 8,4 to 15,7 kb. According to hybridization analysis, the plasmid pBTG2 (8,7 kb) and other plasmids of the same host strain as well as cryptic plasmids of the strains belonging to 10 other serotypes of Bac. thuringiensis share detectable homology. As shown by the data of heteroduplex analysis, about 60% of pBTG1 and pBTG2 genomes have homologous DNA sequences. These data point out tht some plasmid genes are conserved in Bac. thuringiensis. BasmHI-, EcoRI- and HindIII-generated fragments of Bac. thuringiensis subsp. galleriae strain 69-6 are cloned on the pBR325 vehicle in the cells of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7037540 TI - [Episome stability in Escherichia coli K-12]. AB - Arg+ and trp+ carrying episomes which have markedly different spontaneous efficiency of elimination, were obtained in experiments with AB673 and KL99 Escherichia coli donor strains. The level of episome maintenance is the result of mutation (deletion, insertion) that occurred in episomes during their formation. Differences in the efficiency of spontaneous elimination are independent of the origin of the donor strain used. The rate of loss of stably maintained episomes is not enhanced significantly by exposure of cells to AO. According to molecular characteristics, the episome demonstrating stable maintenance has a lower molecular mass than that of unstable maintenance. PMID- 7037541 TI - [Genetic control of mitotic crossing-over in yeasts. III. Induction by 8 methoxypsoralen and long-wave UV irradiation (lambda=365 nm)]. AB - The lethal effect of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) plus 365 nm light has been studied in haploid radiosensitive strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The diploid of wild type and the diploid homozygous for the rad2 mutation (this mutation blocks the excision of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers) were more resistant to the lethal effect of 8-MOP plus 365 nm light than the haploid of wild type and rad2 haploid, respectively. The diploid homozygous for rad54 mutation (the mutation blocks the repair of double-strand breaks in DNA) was more sensitive than haploid rad54. The method of repeated irradiation allowed to study the capacity of radiosensitive diploids to remove monoadducts induced by 8-MOP in DNA. This process was very effective in diploids of wild type and in the rad54 rad54 diploid, while the rad2 rad2 diploid was characterized by nearly complete absence of monoadduct excision. The study of mitotic crossing over and mitotic segregation in yeast diploids, containing a pair of complementing alleles of the ade2 gene (red/pink) has shown a very high recombinogenic effect of 8-MOP plus 365 nm light. The rad2 mutation slightly increased the frequency of mitotic segregation and mitotic crossing over. The rad54 mutation decreased the frequency of mitotic segregation and entirely suppressed mitotic crossing over. The method of repeated irradiation showed that the cross-links, but not monoadducts, are the main cause of high recombinogenic effect of 8-MOP plus 365 nm light. The possible participation of different repair systems in recombinational processes induced by 8-MOP in yeast cells is discussed. PMID- 7037542 TI - [Effect of cycloheximide on the expression of mutation in the sup2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts]. PMID- 7037543 TI - [Mobilization of Vibrio cholerae chromosomal genes by plasmid RP4::Mu cts62]. AB - The RP4::Mu cts62 plasmid was constructed in Escherichia coli cells and subsequently transferred by conjugation into the cells of Vibrio cholerae. This plasmid had been shown to mobilize chromosomal genes of V. cholerae during intrageneric matings. The frequency of mobilization is higher in matings at 37 degrees C, the temperature which is semipermissive for temperature sensitive Mu cts62 phage. This is only true for strains harbouring RP4::Mu cts62, but not for strains containing the RP4 plasmid. Frequencies of mobilization per transferred plasmid exceeded conspicuously the known frequency for the mobilizing activity of the P-factor of V. cholerae. Transconjugants selected for chromosomal markers carried no traces of RP4 plasmid or Mu cts62 markers. This feature of their use in the genetical analysis of V. cholerae. Reasons for the absence of plasmid markers in recombinants are being discussed. PMID- 7037544 TI - Mitochondrial mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the origin of mit- mutants. PMID- 7037545 TI - Medical topography of Bulgaria and Serbia in the third quarter of the 19th century. PMID- 7037546 TI - The procaine "youth" drugs. PMID- 7037547 TI - Is cell aging caused by respiration-dependent injury to the mitochondrial genome? AB - Though intrinsic mitochondrial aging has been considered before as a possible cause of cellular senescence, the mechanisms of such mitochondrial aging have remained obscure. In this article we expand on our hypothesis of free-radical induced inhibition of mitochondrial replenishment in fixed postmitotic cells. We maintain that the respiration-dependent production of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals may not be fully counteracted, leading to a continuous production of lipoperoxides and malonaldehyde in actively respiring mitochondria. These compounds, in turn, can easily react with the mitochondrial DNA which is in close spatial relationship with the inner mitochondrial membrane, producing an injury that the mitochondria may be unable to counteract because of their apparent lack of adequate repair mechanisms. Mitochondrial division may thus be inhibited leading to age-related reduction of mitochondrial numbers, a deficit in energy production with a concomitant decrease in protein synthesis, deterioration of physiological performance, and therefore, of organismic performance. PMID- 7037548 TI - Hydergine in senile mental impairment. AB - Among gerontopsychiatric drugs, Hydergine is pharmacologically characterized by agonist action at central dopamine and serotonin receptors. This review presents a summary of the results obtained with Hydergine in numerous controlled trials in patients with senile mental impairment. Assessment was carried out by means of a rating scale (mainly the Sandoz Clinical Assessment Geriatric, or SCAG, scale), psychometric tests (e.g. the Nuremberg Geriatric Inventory, or NGI), and the EEG. Hydergine also lowers serum prolactin, though a correlation with clinical improvement has not been established as yet. In the discussion, the need for objective, measurable and precise indicators in gerontopsychiatry is stressed. PMID- 7037549 TI - Malignant bone tumors in children: a decade of progress. PMID- 7037550 TI - Paediatric non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: The Children's Cancer Study Group experience. An interim report. PMID- 7037551 TI - Leukemia: historical development of cancer therapy. The first battle is won. PMID- 7037552 TI - Bone marrow transplants. PMID- 7037553 TI - [Methodological approaches to the study of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms on environmental objects]. PMID- 7037554 TI - [Method of predicting the effectiveness of vocational instruction in interschool vocational education centers]. PMID- 7037555 TI - [Biological pollution problems of the environment and its control]. PMID- 7037556 TI - [Current problems in the hygiene and toxicology of propellants]. PMID- 7037557 TI - [Ectopic pregnancy. IV. Safety of the progesterone test]. PMID- 7037558 TI - [Clinical evaluation of immunoenzyme technics for determination of placental lactogen and estrogens]. PMID- 7037559 TI - [Immunoglobulins of the vagina, cervical mucus and uterus]. PMID- 7037560 TI - [Experimental lung preservation for 24 hours with delayed autotransplantation]. PMID- 7037561 TI - [Ligation of the bronchial arteries in the surgical treatment of recurrent pulmonary hemorrhage and radical correction of various congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 7037562 TI - [Spontaneous discharge of a foreign body of the left lung]. PMID- 7037563 TI - The older adult and drug therapy: Part one. Nursing therapy, drug therapy, or both? PMID- 7037564 TI - The older adult and drug therapy: Part one. New drugs, and how a drug gets to market. PMID- 7037565 TI - Basement membrane of the uterine cervix: immunofluorescence characteristics of the collagen component in normal or atypical epithelium and invasive carcinoma. PMID- 7037566 TI - A simple method for the treatment of finger tip injuries involving the nail bed. PMID- 7037567 TI - [Primary flexor tendon suture]. AB - Our experience with primary tendon repair in no-man's-land are reported. 25 patients with 28 tendon lesions were treated in our service since 1974. In 2/3 of the cases a good functional result was obtained. This technique can also be recommended for replantation cases and complex injuries. A clear indication, consequent postoperative treatment and the avoidance of technical failures result in less complications and postoperative problems. PMID- 7037568 TI - [Experimental studies and clinical experiences with homologous tendon grafts preserved with beta-propiolactone]. AB - In dog experiments homologous tendon grafts preserved in beta-propiolactone have been examined by means of light-polarisation microscope and electronmicroscope. The histologic data showed that grafts preserved by beta-propiolactone were completely reorganised within 8 weeks after the transplantation similarly to autologous grafts. This process takes place with very little initial inflammatory reaction, followed by fibroblast reaction. The original collagen fibrous framework is decomposed and new tendon is formed by new collagen fibres on this frame. Cicatrisation was not encountered and graft function was excellent. Functional results in 5 patients were investigated 2 years after replacement of the flexor tendons of the hand and were found to be good in 4 cases, satisfactory in 1 case. The results of animal experiments and the excellent experience with preliminary clinical application of the method suggest that homologous tendon grafts preserved in beta-propiolactone may be used for replacement of injured human flexor tendons of the hand. PMID- 7037570 TI - [High positive end expiratory pressure and low rate of intermittent mandatory ventilation for hypoxemia]. PMID- 7037569 TI - [Problems of fracture fixation in replantation surgery]. AB - Our management of bone fixation in replantation surgery is reported. The use of Kirschner-wires in phalanges and plates with screws in the region of the metacarpal bones proved to be satisfactory. In the presence of infection we experienced good results with Gentamycin pearls. PMID- 7037571 TI - [Clinical expression of congenital malformations of the aortic arch and/or its major branches in childhood]. PMID- 7037572 TI - [Hypertension in children]. PMID- 7037573 TI - Second thoughts on block grants. PMID- 7037574 TI - Important anniversary of academician Bohumir Rosicky. PMID- 7037575 TI - 100th anniversary of birthday of Professor V. A. Dogel'. PMID- 7037576 TI - Studies by electron microscopy of the giant forms of some African and South American trypanosomes found other than within their mammalian host. AB - Giant multinucleate cyst forms of 3 brucei group trypanosomes and 2 South American species were found in culture systems and within the insect host cells by electron microscopy; the African stocks within the tsetse mid-gut cells, an unidentified Brazilian trypanosome within the bug's gut cells and Trypanosoma rangeli within the muscle layers surrounding the bug's salivary gland. The various forms found were similar in that they contained varying numbers of large vacuoles, usually lined by subpellicular tubules into which appeared to bud the various organelles seen in normal trypanosomes and which were produced in considerable numbers within the body of these giant forms. These large vacuoles were seen opening to the exterior and liberating what could be small new forms. Sometimes direct budding of new small forms was observed directly from the pellicle of the giant form. The possibility that these giant forms may arise from some type of fusing of individual trypanosomes, that they may perhaps give rise to new individuals and that such a process might provide a mechanism for genetic exchange is discussed. PMID- 7037577 TI - The recA-dependent spontaneous degradation of proximal F merogenotes in Escherichia coli. AB - Proximal F' elements of KLF-1 type are relatively stable in Escherichia coli recA recipients. In such merodiploids the transferability of F'-DNA and the plasmid determined fertility functions are expressed. When introduced into the wild type recA+ cells the F'-DNA is degraded and several classes of DNA molecules of molar mass about 66 Mg/mol and lower exist in the cell in 1-2 copies per bacterial chromosome. As was detected by complementation analysis, the chromosomal genes determining the host specificity for DNA (hsd) originally located on the F' element seem to be salvaged during the process of DNA degradation probably by recombination with the bacterial chromosome. PMID- 7037579 TI - UV-induced repair in Escherichia coli B/r Hcr-thy trp cells: its dependence on UV damage. AB - Irradiation of Escherichia coli B/r Hcr- thy trp cells with a low UV-dose permits a post-replication repair of DNA and decreases the breakdown of DNA after a successive irradiation of cells with high UV doses. The usefulness of a repair function of the protein synthesized after a low irradiation dose increases with the increasing damage of DNA. PMID- 7037578 TI - Mutagenic effects of allylisothiocyanate in Escherichia coli WP 67. AB - A mutagenic effect of allylisothiocyanate (AITC) on E. coli WP 67 (trp uvrA polA) was only found in a test with metabolic activation in vitro. Mixed function oxidases containing cytochrome P-450 are not responsible for the conversion of AITC to mutagenic products. Liver microsomal fractions of rat, mouse, chinese hamster, goat and monkey were used for in vitro metabolic activation. The mutagenic effect of AITC differed in individual animal species according to the protein content in the microsomal fraction. Allylamine (formed by hydrolysis of AITC) did not exhibit any mutagenic effect. PMID- 7037580 TI - [Acid-etch technique and its possible uses in daily practice]. PMID- 7037581 TI - [Principles of ergometry. - Part II: criteria for assessment of the exercise test. Criteria for interpretation (author's transl)]. AB - Because exercise testing is of value not only for "qualitative" but even more for "quantitative" diagnostic purposes, the exercise ECG is often of minor importance in relation to the other exercise responses. 1. Exercise capacity. Maximal aerobic power or aerobic capacity as a measure of physical and cardiovascular performance can not be calculated from measurements during submaximal exercise (with the exception of young healthy persons), but correlates well with the maximal workload attained in a (symptom-limited) maximal test when sex, age and the state of health as well as of physical training are taken into account. Therefore, exercise capacity as measured in such a test is of diagnostic and prognostic significance. 2. Heart rate. Changes in heart rate at a given submaximal workload correlate well with qualitative changes of exercise capacity in the individual. The peak heart rate that is attained in a (symptom-limited) maximal exercise test (HR max) varies greatly interindividually. It declines with age and because heart rate is one of the major determinants of myocardial oxygen uptake it is a measure of "coronary reserve" in the patient with coronary heart disease. Limits for professional activities or other physical exercise may be expressed as a certain percentage of HR max (% HR max). 3. Blood pressure. An inadequate rise of systolic blood pressure or a fall despite increasing workloads indicate inadequacy of cardiac output. In coronary heart disease, it is often a sign of acute left ventricular dysfunction due to reversible ischemia and is of therapeutic and prognostic consequence. 4. ECG. Electrocardiographic changes should always be related to other exercise responses. Sensitivity and specificity of the ST-segment changes depend on sex, age, resting ECG, type of exercise, lead system and medical treatment. In coronary heart disease, "Bayes' theorem" should be regarded. The predictive value of a test result should be calculated, based on the prevalence and the pretest likelihood of the disease. Other than ST-segment changes are or relatively minor significance or need further evaluation. PMID- 7037582 TI - [Methodologic and exercise-physiologic principles of ergometry: value of noninvasive parameters in the detection of compromised exercise capacity due to heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Ergometric studies enable comparable and reproducible determinations of the cardio-pulmonary-corporeal performance. Prerequisite, however, is a well-based knowledge of the methodology and exercise-physiologic principles of ergometry. 2. With respect to the methodologic prerequisites, consideration must be given to the length of shaft displacement and the inertial mass of the ergometer. Additionally, at submaximal workloads, standardized performance at 50 revolutions/min must be ensured. This also holds true for r.p.m.-independent ergometers since the biologic capacity varies at differing r.p.m. values. Furthermore, the results of ergometric examinations are comparable only on standardization of workload and duration (for example, 10 watts/1 min, 25 watts/2 min). Consideration should also be given to ancillary determinants of exercise capacity such as environmental factors, previous physical exertion, nutrition, medications and other self-administered drugs or stimulants as well as the clothing worn at the time of examination. 3. Based on the limited equipment necessary and the good reproducibility, the physical working capacity 170 (the capacity in watts at a heart rate of 170 beats/6 min) is well-suited for assessment of cardio-pulmonary-corporeal performance. The results do not differ significantly at workloads of 25 watts/min or 50 watts/6 min. The decreasing maximal heart rate with increasing age (on the average 10 beats/min per decade; in the individual case, substantially more) may result in a marked misestimation in elderly subjects. This also applies to patients with coronary artery disease in whom, for example, a slow heart rate during ergometry is caused by ischemia and only mimics an economic circulatory function. Evaluation of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure during ergometry is, to some degree, indicative of the pump function in patients with coronary artery disease. Measurement of oxygen uptake alone at submaximal workloads does not permit differentiation between healthy and diseased subjects since the latter compensate for a reduced cardiac output by a more marked oxygen extraction with subsequently greater arterio venous oxygen differences. On calculation of the oxygen uptake per stroke, however, in relation to the heart volume, a clinically relevant differentiation between healthy subjects and diseased patients can be established. Thus, in patients with heart disease, noninvasive parameters also enable assessment of the cardio-pulmonary-corporeal performance. 4. Under physiological conditions, there is a close relationship between invasively and noninvasively-measured parameters during ergometry. In patients with heart disease, however, the response of noninvasively-measured parameters is not a reliable indicator of pressure in the pulmonary circulation and the cardiac output. PMID- 7037583 TI - [Ergometry in childhood. Normal values and use in paediatric cardiology (author's transl)]. AB - In children with congenital heart disease ergometry may be used to measure cardiovascular performance capacity as well as to obtain detailed studies of the functional capacity of different aspects of the cardiovascular system by measuring various parameters during exercise and, thus, rendering a more complete preoperative or postoperative evaluation and possibly contributing to establishment of an indication for surgery. The direct method for measuring cardiovascular performance capacity is the determination of aerobic capacity. All indirect methods such as the W170 (the physical working capacity at a heart rate of 170 beats/min) permit only a rough estimation of working capacity. Since reliable normal values for aerobic capacity of representative samples of boys and girls in different age groups have not been rigidly established, plausible standard values have been estimated in relation to sex, age and body height from previously published data. Subsequently, maximal values for cardiac output have been calculated for all age groups based on a maximal arteriovenous oxygen difference of 13.5 ml/100 ml and, based on a mean maximal heart rate of 200 beats/min, the respective values for stroke volume during exercise have been calculated. In consideration of the fact that equal percentages of aerobic capacity correspond to equal values of arteriovenous oxygen difference, relationships between oxygen uptake and cardiac output were derived for boys and girls of different age groups. The respective regression lines run parallel to a regression valid for male adults which was derived from the values of Ekblom et al. [7] and is based on the formula Q[l/min] = 5.1 + 5.8 VO2[l/min]. In order to permit comparison independent of sex and age, the cardiac output values at rest and during exercise were corrected by subtracting the respective age-related intercepts. The resulting regression line representing normal values independent of sex and age has the formula: Qcorr[l/min] = 5.8 VO2[l/min]. Of particular clinical relevance in these young patients is that the question of feasibility of participation in school physical education classes can generally be answered. Children with congenital heart disease incurring severe hemodynamic compromise have frequently undergone corrective surgery in the pre-school age and the functional results can be assessed accordingly; in children with cyanotic heart disease in whom either no surgery or only a palliative procedure has been performed, ergometry may document severe hemodynamic derangement in spite of a seemingly bland history. PMID- 7037584 TI - Determination of overall insulin sensitivity in diabetic mice, KK. AB - A convenient methods for determining the overall insulin sensitivity of small animals was established based on the steady state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration methods of Shen, Reaven and Farguhar (1970). Subcutaneous injection into C57BL/6 mice of saline containing epinephrine, propranolol, glucose and (3H 3)glucose with or without insulin gave steady state levels of blood glucose (SSBG), plasma insulin (SSPI) and specific activity of blood glucose (SSBG), plasma insulin (SSPI) and specific activity of blood glucose after 45 minutes. Glucose turnover (GTN) and hepatic glucose output (HGO) were computed using specific activity of blood glucose and the influx rate of injected glucose. The method was applied to diabetic and insulin resistant mice, KK. There was no difference in GTN and HGO between KK and C57BL/6 mice regardless of whether insulin was injected or not. SSPI of both strains increased in the same injected or not, SSPI of both strains increased in the same injected or not. SSPI of both strains increased in the same fashion in response to increasing doses of the hormone. SSBG of both strains fell in response to increasing SSPI level, but the response of SSBG was less prominent in KK mice. Consequently, the insulin dose response curve of SSBG apparently shifted rightwards in KK mice. PMID- 7037585 TI - Amino acid supply and protein metabolism in isolated perfused rat skeletal muscle. AB - The uptake of amino acids by the perfused rat hind-limb at increasing perfusate amino acid concentrations was studied both in the presence and absence of insulin. The uptake of the essential amino acids could be correlated with their concentrations in muscle protein. A net protein synthetic rate was calculated from the predicted incorporation of phenylalanine and was 33 nmol h-1g-1, a value in good agreement with those obtained in other studies. The possible significance of the supply of leucine in the regulation of muscle protein synthesis is considered. PMID- 7037586 TI - Hormonal and metabolic changes in hepatic cirrhosis. AB - The hormonal and metabolic response to 50 g oral glucose has been studied in fifteen patients with hepatic cirrhosis and seven control subjects. Fasting blood glucose concentration was similar in both groups but cirrhotics showed higher glucose levels throughout the glucose tolerance test. Fasting serum insulin concentration was raised in the patient group (0.12 +/- 0.02 vs 0.07 +/- 0.01 nmol/l, p less than 0.05 and hyperinsulinaemia persisted after oral glucose. Blood lactate and pyruvate concentrations were elevated in cirrhotic patients, both fasting and post-glucose, while mean blood lactate correlated with mean serum insulin concentrations (rs 0.55, p less than). Plasma glucagon concentrations although highly variable, did not differ significantly in control and cirrhotic subjects before or after oral glucose. Fasting blood glycerol was increased in the patient group (O.11 +/- 0.01 vs 0.06 +/- 0.01 mmol/l, p less than 0.05) but fasting blood ketone body levels were normal and both glycerol and ketone body concentrations fell normally after glucose. Basal serum cortisol levels were similar in patient and control groups but the expected fall in cortisol concentration found in the control group over the test period was absent in cirrhotics. The hormonal and metabolic abnormalities did not correlate with severity of disease assessed by liver function test and abnormalities were not related to the presence or absence of portal-systemic shunting. PMID- 7037587 TI - Serum insulin, free fatty acids and blood sugar during the estrous cycle of dogs. PMID- 7037588 TI - Insulin clearance by perfused rat lung. AB - The clearance of insulin has been demonstrated in the perfused in situ rat lung. Porcine insulin added to the perfusion medium at 50 microunits/l was cleared at 6.3 U/h in lungs from fed animals, 6.1 U/h in fasted animals and 15.7 U/h in diabetic rat lungs. At a higher concentration of insulin (500 microunits/l) increased clearance was observed in lungs from both fed, fasted and diabetic animals, 33.0, 36.0 and 56.5 U/h respectively. It is suggested that the clearance of insulin by the lung is dependent on metabolic state of the animal. PMID- 7037589 TI - Circadian rhythms of plasma renin, aldosterone and cortisol on habitual and low dietary sodium intake. AB - To examine the effects of reducing sodium intake upon the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), 5 healthy men and 5 healthy women, 17-37 years old, living under standardized conditions, were sampled around the clock, once on habitual and once on restricted sodium intake. Plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (PA) and cortisol (PC) were determined by radioimmunoassay. All three variables were found to exhibit a statistically significant circadian rhythm, both on habitual and restricted salt intake. After salt restriction, an increase in midline-estimating statistic of rhythm (mesor) of PRA and PA, but not of PC, was observed. The acrophase (an estimate of the time of high values) for PC lagged behind that for PRA and PA. This difference in acrophase was of specially high statistical significance when subjects were on a sodium-restricted diet. These results demonstrate the importance of inferential statistical so-called rhythmometric methods: parameters such as the acrophase can also be used for the assessment of novel effects and for a quantification in time. The derivation of confidence intervals for each rhythm parameter allows one to verify that a given variable exhibits values bracketing an average not only between a higher and a lower, but also between an earlier and a later limit. Changes that may involve only the acrophase, such as a lead or lag, as here noted, are then detected and are of factual as well as methodological interest. PMID- 7037590 TI - Seminal and colostral protease inhibitors on leukocytes. AB - For detection of protease inhibitors from cow colostrum (CTI) and bull seminal plasma (BUSI I and BUSI II) on the surface of leukocytes, immunological methods were used. An agglutination and an immunofluorescence test demonstrated components on the surface of bovine, porcine and ovine granulocytes and lymphocytes which were immunologically identical with the protease inhibitors isolated from cow colostrum and bull seminal plasma. When antisera against (CTI, BUSI and BUSI II were absorbed by bovine and porcine liver, kidney and spleen homogenate or by bovine and porcine granulocytes or lymphocytes, the immunological tests were negative. PMID- 7037591 TI - Chemical studies on the structure of human serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Photochemical crosslinking of azido-labelled lipids in HDL. AB - The lipid classes of native human serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were exchanged against phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and cholesteryl ester species substituted with photosensitive fatty acyl residues and against 25-azido 27-norcholesterol. The photosensitive fatty acyl residues were 5-and 16 azidopalmitic, 12-azidooleic and 18-azidolinoleic acid, all labelled with high tritium radioactivity. The lipid exchange method previously described was used. After UV irradiation and delipidation the apoproteins AI and AII, photocrosslinked with the radioactive lipids, were separated. The yield of covalently crosslinked lipid molecules amounted to 30% of the photosensitive lipid molecules incorporated into the HDL particle. ApoAI and apoAII were labelled by each of the photosensitive lipid classes, intergrated in the HDL particle although in very different stoichiometry. The regiospecific photochemical labelling of the lipopolypeptides AI and AII was established by cyanogen bromide cleavage and the separation of the four apoAI and two apoAII CNBr fragments. The analytical data prove the close steric relation and interaction of defined protein regions with hydrophobic regions of the lipid molecules by chemical means. These results are discussed with respect of the HDL structure. PMID- 7037592 TI - Structural relationship between human high and low molecular mass urokinase. AB - Human low molecular mass urokinase was demonstrated to consist of two polypeptides. The peptide chains of about 30000 and of 2427 Da, respectively, were isolated by gel filtration after reductive cleavage of single interchain disulfide bridge. The complete amino acid sequence of the 2427-Da chain consisting of 21 amino acids was determined. Stoichiometric amounts of hexosamines were found in the 2427-Da chain. The isolated 30000-Da chains of both, human low and high molecular mass urokinases were found to be identical in terms of amino acid composition, of hexosamine content, of N- and of C-terminal amino acid sequences. The amino acid sequence of the 2427-Da chain of the low molecular enzyme was found to be different from the N-terminal sequence of the 20000-Da chain of the high molecular enzyme. The transformation of high to the low molecular form is considered a limited proteolytic degradation of the 20000 Da chain of high molecular mass urokinase, exclusively. PMID- 7037593 TI - [LeuB24]- and [LeuB25]insulins are not antagonists of lipogenesis in adipocytes. AB - Semisynthetic human [LeuB24]-and [LeuB25]insulins were investigated to determine whether they show antagonistic properties towards insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in isolated fat cells. In contrast to other reports, we could detect only an additive agonistic effect when constant concentrations (e.g. 0.3 ng/ml) of the analogues were mixed with varying concentrations of insulin, or when constant concentrations (e.g. 0.3 ng/ml, 0.6 ng/ml) of insulin were mixed with varying concentrations of the analogues. Similar results were obtained with mixtures of insulin and NA2-acetyl- or NA2-propionyl-des-GlyA1-insulins. These results do not support the contention that a diabetic state could be caused by either of these mutant human insulins. PMID- 7037594 TI - Witnesses assail dialysis payment cuts. PMID- 7037595 TI - New federal legislation seeks public funding of hospice care. PMID- 7037596 TI - Ideas outpace reality of hospital strategic planning, but do they pinpoint the future? PMID- 7037597 TI - Hospital information systems: know what you're looking for. PMID- 7037598 TI - Congress considers union costs policy. PMID- 7037599 TI - Hospice proposal debated. PMID- 7037601 TI - Hospital adopts competitive long-range growth plan. PMID- 7037600 TI - Team studies consolidation methods for three rural, community hospitals. PMID- 7037602 TI - Only the best-laid plans bring capital success. PMID- 7037603 TI - Program matrix aids planning process. PMID- 7037604 TI - High blood pressure exam profiles enzyme, salt levels to spot trouble. PMID- 7037605 TI - Information systems--audit is first step in planning. PMID- 7037606 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders of the skin by means of electron microscopy. PMID- 7037607 TI - A rapid culture-harvest protocol for amniotic cell cultures. AB - A rapid culture-harvest technique for amniotic fluid is presented using the poly L-lysine technique (Rajendra et al. 1980). The procedure is simple, reproducible, and involves harvesting primary cultures five to eight days after culture. This technique is particularly useful as an adjunct to routine procedures, in advanced gestational age where preliminary chromosome counts are required to relieve anxiety, sex determination when sex linked traits are involved, and in situations where the cultures produce very small colonies that do not proliferate or respond to sub-cultures and thus are difficult to harvest. PMID- 7037608 TI - Genetic and anthropological studies in the island of Itaparica, Bahia, Brazil. AB - The ongoing racial admixture was studied in the island of Itaparica off the coast of the State of Bahia, in Brazil. The following gene frequencies were observed: Hb S = 0.039; Hb C = 0.022; PGD C = 0.024; Gd A = 0.217 and Gd A = 0.052, among 293 mixed school children whose black phenotype index (medium mulatto + dark mulatto + black/total) was 0.457. Data on racial groups, obtained from 898 death certificates of three periods (1889-1890, 1934-1937 and 1975-1980) showed that in about 90 years (three generations) the proportion of mulattoes had doubled, the whites had decreased to one third, and the blacks showed no variation. Changes in the frequencies of surnames within the whites over the same 90 years indicated a growing proportion of individuals with black ancestry flowing into the white group. Higher reproductive rates among the more negroid individuals is probably the leading force directing the racial admixture in the island. PMID- 7037609 TI - The secret of the immunopathogenesis of schistosomiasis: in vivo models. PMID- 7037610 TI - Effector mechanisms of immunity to schistosomes and their regulation. PMID- 7037611 TI - Immunochemical relationship between Forssman and globoside glycolipid antigens. AB - The rabbit antibody response to the human blood group P glycolipid antigen, globoside, GalNAc(beta 1-3)Gal(alpha 1-4)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc-Cer, has been examined with respect to cross-reactions with the structurally related Forssman glycolipid GalNAc(alpha 1-3)GalNAc(beta 1-3)Gal(alpha 1-4)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc-Cer. Immunoadsorbent columns were used to isolate three purified antibody populations from the anti-globoside sera: (1) fraction A, antibodies that cross-react with both glycolipids; (2) fraction B, antibodies that react with Forssman antigen but not with globoside; and (3) fraction C, antibodies that are specific for globoside. The proportion of each fraction in the total antibody response to globoside appears to be related to preexisting immunity to these antigens. A rabbit with a high preimmune titer to Forssman antigen produced a large amount of Forssman-specific antibody, whereas a rabbit with a low or nonexistent preimmune titer of anti-Forssman antibody produced large amounts of globoside-specific antibody. The presence of Forssman-specific antibody in an immune response to globoside is an example of a heteroclitic type of immune response. PMID- 7037612 TI - The Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) receptor: an old history with new mystery. AB - The Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) receptor represents the cryptic precursor structure of the human MN blood group system. Blood group antigens, however, are no longer regarded to be restricted to red cells because most of them are carbohydrate markers. Therefore, these anti-blood group antibodies, especially blood group specific lectins, can be widely used to detect different carbohydrate units of numerous glycoconjugates in several organs. Blood group antigens of carbohydrate character and their precursors seem to be important signals during malignant transformation of normal cells, as they can be altered in different ways within the architecture of the cancer cell membrane. In this connection, the significance of the TF receptor is presented, as well as its position among other and different anti-galactose specific reagents (in the broadest sense) from various sources. The biological role of these lectins and lectin analogues is discussed and a purification method is recommended. PMID- 7037613 TI - Cellular expression and molecular structure of Ia antigens on human lymphocytes: an overview. PMID- 7037614 TI - Comparison of a simplified whole blood and isolated lymphocyte stimulation technique. AB - Whole blood and isolated lymphocyte stimulation in healthy men were compared utilizing PHA, ConA, and PWM. Dose response curves with each of the 3 mitogens were found to differ with the two techniques of lymphocytes stimulation. When incubation time was lengthened PWM responses increased markedly in both the whole blood and isolated lymphocyte assays. Increased incubation time had no effect on PHA cultures and increased the responses with ConA in the whole blood method. In each study, responses with 3H-thymidine were comparable to responses utilizing 125IUdR. PMID- 7037615 TI - Humoral factors involved in the mechanism of reactivity of the microplate leukocyte adherence inhibition assay. PMID- 7037616 TI - Interaction of macrophages and lymphocytes in rat skin allografts. AB - Light microscopy of 2 microgram sections of rejecting rat skin allografts, embedded in hydroxyethyl methacrylate, revealed among the cells infiltrating the graft base extravascular macrophages containing a small lymphocyte. Toluidine blue staining indicated DNA degradation in some of these phagocytosed lymphocytes. More frequently small lymphocytes were in intimate contact with the surface of the macrophages, resembling "Periopolesis', which others have previously observed in vitro. These macrophage-lymphocyte interactions were not seen in sections of autografts. Despite a previous report that diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) impairs macrophage function, these macrophage-lymphocyte interactions were present in grafts placed in rats receiving this drug. This treatment did not hasten or delay the onset of graft rejection. These in vivo findings both accord with recent in vitro studies on the mechanisms of phagocytosis and with reports that phagocytosis is one of the effector mechanisms in allograft rejection. However, macrophage phagocytosis of lymphocytes has also been observed in testicular lymph collected from conscious normal sheep. PMID- 7037617 TI - Mucosal barrier mechanisms. Interplay between secretory IgA (SIgA), IgG and mucins on the surface properties and association of salmonellae with intestine and granulocytes. AB - Rough Salmonella typhimurium 395 MR 10 bacteria sensitized with SIgA were used to assess the effect of secretory IgA (SIgA) on bacterial association with the intestine of rat and with a column of hog gastric mucin, and on IgG-mediated surface properties and interaction with polymorphonuclear leucocytes. It was found that SIgA increased the affinity for mucus belt of the intestine and for the mucin column, but reduced IgG-enhanced phagocytosis and surface hydrophobicity and charge of the bacteria. It is suggested that the ability of SIgA to render bacteria mucophilic and to modify IgG-mediated reactions serve the purpose of secluding bacteria from contact with mucosal membranes and depress inflammatory reactions at the site of infection. PMID- 7037618 TI - Activation of polyclonal antibody responses by a synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS) in CBA/N mice. AB - A synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS) augmented the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced polyclonal B-cell responses in vitro of CBA/N mice and their F1 hybrids having an X-linked B-cell defect. For this augmentation, FTS should be injected in vivo. Splenic B cells derived from FTS-treated mice with the CBA/N defect were receptive to T-cell help from normal or immunodeficient mouse T cells. Thus, the inability of B cells from mice with the CBA/N defect to accept T -cell help may not be caused by an intrinsic T-cell defect, but by a functional B-cell defect that can be corrected by treatment with FTS in vivo. Spleen cells from ATXBM CBA/N mice treated with FTS 3 weeks after cell transfer did not increase the B cell response. B cells from FTS-treated male F1 mice with the CBA/N defect still have characteristics of neonatal mouse B cells as revealed by inhibition with antimouse Ig and anti-Ia sera. These findings suggest that FTS may act on generation of a B-cell acceptor for T -cell help, rather than on the maturation of a B-cell subset. PMID- 7037619 TI - In vivo activation of mouse spleen lymphocytes by lipid A in carrier-free form. AB - The immunogenic potential of lipid A, isolated from Salmonella minnesota R595 and made soluble by mild alkaline hydrolysis, was investigated using ICR mice and a modification of the Jerne plaque assay. In the absence of carrier protein of Freund's adjuvant, a single intravenous injection of 100 microgram lipid A induced the development of anti-lipid A antibody-producing cells in the spleen. At the doses used, no heterophile-antibody plaques specific for sheep red blood cell antigen were detectable in recipients of alkali-treated lipid A. Moreover, the specific (anti-lipid A) plaque-forming ability of mice injected with alkali treated lipid A. Moreover, the specific (anti-lipid A) plaque-forming ability of mice injected with alkali-treated lipid A nearly equalled the ability of mice injected with free lipid A, suggesting that mild alkaline hydrolysis treatment left intact the immunodominance of free lipid A. We also found that alkali treated lipid A induced an increase in [3H]-thymidine incorporation by splenic T and B lymphocytes. This suggests the possible collaboration of T and B cells in the in vivo production of anti-lipid A antibody. PMID- 7037621 TI - Early haemopoietic responses to Salmonella typhimurium infection in resistant and susceptible mice. AB - The response of colony forming cells in the bone marrow and spleen of resistant (CBA) and susceptible (C57BL) mice to Salmonella typhimurium infection was studied for 4 days after infection. The number and size of the colonies were assessed. The resistant strain exhibited an immediate response to challenge, sharply increasing the number of colonies to 2.5 times normal over 2-3 days after infection. In contrast the susceptible strain gave a slowly increased response to the same challenge, which never exceeded 1.2 times normal and fell to 0.8 times the normal. When mouse strains were immunized there was a clear distinction between the splenic and bone marrow cellularity. Immunization appeared to enhance the splenic cellularity in resistant mice but failed to in susceptible mice. In the bone marrow of susceptible mice, however, there was some evidence of an elevated response. PMID- 7037620 TI - Immune response mediated by liposome-associated protein antigens. I. Potentiation of the plaque-forming cell response. AB - Mice, immunized with liposome-associated bovine serum albumin (LSM-BSA), showed a significantly higher BSA-specific plaque-forming cell (PFC) response than did mice injected with fluid BSA (fBSA). Physical association between the liposome carrier and the protein antigen is imperative for potentiating the PFC response, since the injection of empty liposomes, together with fBSA, was found to be ineffective in inducing an immune response. Liposome-associated protein antigen was found to be a potent stimulator of immunological memory, as demonstrated by the ability of LSM-BSA primed animals to generate a vigorous PFC response upon challenge with the weakly immunogenic fBSA. The injection of congenitally athymic homozygous nude (Nu/Nu) mice with LSM-BSA failed to induce significant antibody formation, whereas the heterozygous (Nu/+) littermates gave a normal PFC response to the same LSM-BSA preparation. Thus, BSA remains a T-cell-dependent antigen, despite its entrapment within liposomes, and T lymphocytes appear to play an obligatory role in providing synergistic interactions for eliciting a BSA specific PFC response to the LSM-BSA. PMID- 7037624 TI - Insulin and thyroid hormone stimulation of histotypic organogenesis and proteoglycan synthesis in seven-day chick embryo liver. AB - Livers from seven-day chick embryos were dissociated into single cells and the cells were allowed to aggregate in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium-12% foetal calf serum, 1-3H-glycosamine, 2-14C-glycine and hormones. Insulin, 10(-6)M, accelerated the rate of aggregation and resulted in larger aggregates than the controls, without added hormone . 3, 3', 5 Tri-iodo-thyronine, 10(-8)M, gave rise to slightly smaller aggregates than control aliquots. Incorporation of 2-14C glycine and 1-3H-glucosamine was almost linear the first 36 hours whereupon incorporation reached a plateau at 48 hours. Insulin, 10(-6)M, enhanced 1-3H glucosamine incorporation 54% and glycine incorporation to 42%. Tri-iodo thyronine stimulated 1-3H-glucosamine 110% and glycine incorporation by 68%. When both insulin and tri-iodo-thyronine were added to the culture medium, glucosamine incorporation was augmented by 156% and glycine incorporation was stimulated by 77%. These findings are interpreted to indicate that synthesis of glycoproteins and proteo-glycosaminylglycans favours histogenesis or specific cell orientation and cell-cell interactions. Hormones had only a small effect on the incorporation of glycine and glycosamine into the soluble media components. PMID- 7037622 TI - The natural killer system in the rat: the relationship between natural and immune cell-mediated lysis of fibroblast targets. AB - Natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxic activity is thought to operate as an early defence system before the expression of specific cytotoxic immune effectors (Leibold & Peter, 1978). Apart from this temporal relationship it is likely that other mechanisms exist to regulate these two forms of host defence and their relationship to one another. Present studies firstly substantiate evidence that normal and immune effector cells represent different cell types even though they share many functional characteristics in vitro. Normal effector cells (NEC) cytotoxic for normal dermal-derived fibroblasts in vitro were present in rats 3 36 weeks old, were tissue-dependent (with low levels in lymph nodes and thymus, unrelated to cellular suppression), were nylon wool and glass non-adherent and sensitive to 400 rad of X-irradiation in vitro. Secondly, discrimination between normal and immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity by factor(s) present in normal rat serum (Lindsay & Allardyce, 1981) allowed various aspects of their in vitro and in vivo relationship to be examined. These studies suggested that the expression of NEC cytotoxicity was temporally related to the in vivo generation of immune cytotoxic effector cells. PMID- 7037623 TI - Studies on the possible involvement of complement component C3 in the initiation of acid hydrolase secretion by macrophages. AB - Complement component C3 has been detected on the plasma membranes of mouse peritoneal macrophages by using an immunoperoxidase technique in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy. Evidence that such cell surface-associated C3 might be the trigger for lysosomal enzyme discharge was sought initially by exposing macrophage monolayers to anti-mouse C3 F(ab')2, and later, by treating cells with the antibody fragment before two potent secretagogues (methylamine and zymosan particles). Both methods, however, failed to demonstrate a role for cell surface-associated C3 in the initiation of enzyme secretion. PMID- 7037627 TI - Transformation in Escherichia coli C21: transfer of the str A gene. PMID- 7037625 TI - Inhibition of serum bactericidal activity by bilirubin. AB - The results presented show that bilirubin inhibited the bactericidal activity of human serum. Addition of serum albumin (which tightly binds bilirubin) to the bactericidal assay prevented the inhibition mediated by bilirubin. These findings suggest that the decreased bactericidal activity of sera from neonates with hyperbilirubinemia may be due to the inhibition of the bactericidal activity by unconjugated bilirubin. PMID- 7037626 TI - Monoclonal antibody against the serum thymic factor (FTS). AB - Hybrid cell lines secreting antibodies specific for synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS) were prepared by cell fusion and cloning techniques. Spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with BSA-coupled FTS were fused with P3-x63-Ag8.653 myeloma cells. Antibodies produced by these hybrids were screened in vitro for their ability to absorb the activity of synthetic FTS in a rosette assay and in vivo for their capacity to induce the disappearance of endogenous FTS. Subsequently, the clones selected were transferred intraperitoneally into BALB/c mice. Ascitic fluid was produced and used as a source of antibody. The monoclonal antibody was shown to bind specifically to thymic reticulo-epithelial cells, using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Furthermore, once injected into normal mice, the antibody induced the disappearance of FTS from the serum and modified the azathioprine sensitivity of spleen rosette-forming cells for more than 3 weeks. PMID- 7037628 TI - Cell-mediated hyperacute rejection. III. Genetic determinants. PMID- 7037629 TI - Ontogeny of murine I-Ak antigens in tissue of nonlymphoid origin. AB - The ontogeny of I-Ak antigens in murine tissues of nonlymphoid origin has been evaluated by reacting acetone-fixed cryostat sections of embryonic, neonate, and adult tissues with the MOAb 10-2.16 in indirect immunofluorescence. Thymus dendritic cells appear to be the first to express I-Ak antigens which become detectable only after birth in skin Langerhans cells, gastrointestinal epithelium, septal cells in lung alveoli, and some endothelia. The full expression of I-Ak antigens as detected in adult mice is reached only at 1 month of age. PMID- 7037630 TI - History and genealogy of the H-2Kb mutants from the C57BL/6Kh colony. AB - The genealogy of 14 H-2Kb mutations arising spontaneously in the C57BL/6Kh colony is presented together with data from skin-graft monitoring and husbandry procedures. Eight of the 14 mutations have phenotypic and structural similarities, but the pedigree analysis and evaluation of the histocompatibility genetics of their sibs and ancestors strongly indicate that they represent recurring mutational events rather than the segregation of a single mutation throughout the colony. PMID- 7037631 TI - Immunochemical characterization of major histocompatibility antigens in cattle. PMID- 7037632 TI - Activation and reinactivation of inactive renin in normal human plasma. AB - Various facets of activation of inactive renin by acidification or cold exposure were investigated in normal human plasma. The acid activation obtained by titration was usually less than that by dialysis method, but varied from 41% to 122% of the latter. The acid phase of acid activation accounted for about 70% of the total activation achieved by the combined effects of the acid and alkaline phases on the average, and was not affected by any of the inhibitors for serine, thiol or carboxyl protease, whereas serine protease inhibitors suppressed the activation of both renin and plasma kallikrein in the alkaline phase of acid activation. A different mode of plasma kallikrein activation suggested some difference in the mechanism between the alkaline phase of acid activation and the cryoactivation. A part of cryoactivation of renin was independent of the action of plasma kallikrein. The renin activated by either acidification or cold exposure without concomitant activation of plasma kallikrein was reinactivated by the removal of pH and temperature, but recovered by repeating acidification or cold exposure. When active plasma kallikrein had been produced, it activated inactive renin irreversibly. It appears unlikely that irreversible activation of inactive renin is taking place in the normal circulation where practically no active plasma kallikrein is present. PMID- 7037633 TI - Effect of in vitro administration of captopril on vascular reactivity of rat aorta. AB - The effect of acute administration of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on vascular responses of rings of rat aortic smooth muscle was tested in vitro. Dose-response curves for various vasoactive agents were obtained before and after exposure to captopril (2 x 10(-4) M) for 30 minutes. In the presence of captopril, contractile responses to angiotensin I (5 x 10(-10) to 5 x 10(-8) M) were attenuated significantly, probably as a result of decreased local conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Contractile responses to angiotensin II (10( 11) to 5 x 10(-9) M) were not affected by captopril. All responses to norepinephrine (10(-9) to 10(-4) M) and phenylephrine (10(-8) to 10(-4) M) were attenuated significantly from control in the presence of captopril. In the presence of the alpha-adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine, captopril did not affect either the contractile responses to KCl (30 to 100 mM) or the isoproterenol-induced (10(-8) to 10(-5) M) relaxation of KCl-depolarized tissue. These results suggest that captopril decreased vascular responsiveness to alpha adrenergic agonists but not to beta-adrenergic agonists. Low concentrations of bradykinin (10(-10) to 10(-8) M) induced contraction in KCl-depolarized tissue while higher concentrations (10(-7) and 10(-6) M) induced relaxation. In the presence of captopril, relaxation occurred at all concentrations of bradykinin (10(-10) to 10(-6) M), probably as a result of decreased degradation of the bradykinin. These data suggest depression of alpha-adrenergic responsiveness in vascular smooth muscle as another potential antihypertensive action of captopril. PMID- 7037634 TI - Sodium pump activity in arteries of rats with Goldblatt hypertension. AB - Several laboratories have reported evidence suggesting abnormalities in the activity of the sarcolemmal sodium pump in vascular smooth muscle in hypertension. The present experiments were designed to investigate the relationship of such changes to the status of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and body fluid volumes. We assessed sodium pump activity in vitro in sodium-loaded tail artery and thoracic aorta freshly excised from rats with chronic one-kidney, one clip, and two-kidney, one clip hypertension, and from appropriate normotensive control rats. 86Rb uptake in the absence (total uptake) and presence of 1.0 mM ouabain (ouabain-insensitive uptake) was measured, and ouabain-sensitive uptake (nmole/mg dry weight/18 min) was calculated. There were increases in plasma renin activity in the two-kidney, one clip rats only. In the hypertensive rats there were significant increases (up to +60%) in the ouabain sensitive and total 86Rb uptakes in both tail artery and aorta. The magnitude of increases in arterial tissue uptakes in the two forms of Goldblatt hypertension, and in one-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats given 0.9% saline to drink for 2 to 3 days before sacrifice, were similar. Further sodium loading of aortas from normotensive control rats did not increase their uptake. The results of this study provide no evidence for decreases in sodium pump activity, instead indicating that there are increases in the activity of the pump in the sarcolemma or arterial smooth muscle studied in vitro. These increases in pump activity do not appear to be related to altered activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, to changes in body fluid volumes, or to increases in intracellular concentrations of sodium. Increases in numbers or concentration of sarcolemmal pump molecules or in their turnover rate may be involved. However, in vitro 86Rb uptake by tail artery and aorta may not reflect the status of sodium pump activity in resistance vessels in vivo. PMID- 7037636 TI - Bone transplantations. AB - From personal observations on 652 autogenous bone transplantations, the excellent properties of autogenous cancellous bone as graft material are discussed. Under conditions of mechanical stability it can be successfully used even in infected and poorly vascularized areas. The wide range of indications is discussed, and some clinical examples are presented. PMID- 7037635 TI - Surgical reversal of two-kidney one clip hypertension during inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system. AB - Conscious rats with two-kidney one clip Goldblatt hypertension had the constricting clip removed during continuous infusion of either dextrose, saralasin, or captopril. Other dextrose-infused animals underwent removal of the ischemic kidney or a sham procedure. Direct arterial blood pressure (BP) was recorded throughout the 15-hour preoperative and subsequent 24-hour postoperative period. Rats were studied in the "early" phase (1-3 weeks duration) or "chronic" phase (greater than 4 months) of hypertension. Animals subjected to a sham procedure returned to preoperative BP values. The BP of animals unclipped or nephrectomized did not return to previous hypertensive levels. Instead, a biphasic response was seen where BP partially recovered from an operative fall and then slowly declined to normal at 24 hours; this effect occurred in both stages of hypertension. At 24 hours, removal of the ischemic kidney was as effective as removal of the constricting clip in the correction of both early and chronic phase hypertension. Rats infused with saralasin or captopril demonstrated an acute (within 2 hours) and sustained fall in BP, but not to normotensive levels. This fall was significant in all animals (p less than 0.01) apart from chronic phase rats infused with saralasin where no significant fall was seen. Although animals infused with saralasin or captopril commenced at a lower preoperative BP, the biphasic pattern of response to unclipping was identical to that of dextrose-infused unclipped rats. Thus, sustained inhibition of the renin angiotensin system did not modify the correction of hypertension produced by removal of the constricting clip, and the response to surgical correction did not appear to be entirely mediated by changes in the activity of the renin angiotensin system, particularly in the chronic stage. Equally, the rapidity of correction is not consistent with a role of vascular hypertrophy. PMID- 7037637 TI - Comparison of bupivacaine and prilocaine used in Bier block--a double blind trial. AB - The value of Bier blocks for the manipulation of fractures and for operations on the upper limb is well recognized. Two anaesthetic agents, bupivacaine and prilocaine, are widely used for this purpose. A prospective double blind trial of 200 patients has been carried out to compare the efficacy of each drug and the incidence of side effects. The study shows that bupivacaine was associated with a greater number of successful fracture reductions than prilocaine with little difference in their analgesic effects, but this was balanced by more minor side effects with bupivacaine. There was little difference in the time from injection to analgesia in the two groups. All intravenous regional analgesia procedures were carried out by junior orthopaedic or accident and emergency doctors. The overall success rate for analgesia was 91 per cent but marked cuff discomfort occurred in 9 per cent of patients. There was a clear association between failure of analgesia and two of the doctors carrying out the procedure. PMID- 7037638 TI - Glass foreign body granuloma of the nose. PMID- 7037639 TI - Surface expression of a nonstructural antigen on influenza A virus-infected cells. AB - Rabbit antiserum to the influenza A virus nonstructural protein, NS1, was used for indirect immunofluorescence studies of infected cells. Nonstructural antigens were detected on surfaces of P815 cells as early as 4 h after infection with A/WSN/40 virus. Adsorption of the serum with virion structural proteins did not affect the observed fluorescence, and a progressive increase in surface fluorescence at later times postinfection indicated that the surface antigen was newly synthesized during the replication cycle. PMID- 7037640 TI - Degradation of immunoglobulins A2, A2, and G by suspected principal periodontal pathogens. AB - Attention has recently been focused on immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) protease production as a possible virulence factor of bacteria implicated in meningitis and gonorrhea. This report demonstrates that suspected principal etiological agents in destructive periodontal disease include bacteria capable of degrading IgA1, IgA2, and IgG. Representative strains of Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus and Capnocytophaga cleaved IgA1 but not IgA2 in the hinge region to yield intact Fab and Fc fragments. All Capnocytophaga strains also cleaved IgG in the same way. The majority of strains of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus and B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius caused complete degradation of both IgA1 and polyclonal IgG. However, some strains left the Fc part of IgA1 intact. Several strains were also capable of completely decomposing IgA2 and S-IgA. Significant IgA-cleaving enzyme activity was detected in whole subgingival dental plaque collected from patients with destructive periodontal disease. The results indicate that colonization of the subgingival area by B. asaccharolyticus, B. melaninogenicus, and Capnocytophaga spp. can induce a local paralysis of the immune defence mechanisms, thereby facilitating the penetration and spread of potentially toxic substances, lytic enzymes, and antigens released by the entire subgingival microflora. PMID- 7037641 TI - Lysis of erythrocytes by a hemolysin produced by a group B Streptococcus sp. AB - An improved procedure for the isolation and purification of the hemolysin produced by a group B streptococcus was developed, and the inactivation of partially purified hemolysin by several enzymes was studied. Hemolysin obtained in buffer containing starch and Tween 80 was inactivated by subtilisin and alpha amylase, suggesting that the hemolysin may consist of a protein hemolytic moiety complexed to starch which acts as a carrier or stabilizer. Properties of the hemolytic reaction were studied by using sheep erythrocytes as target cells. Experiments to examine the kinetics of hemolysis at different hemolysin concentrations resulted in a family of sigmoidal curves characterized by a short prelytic lag phase followed by a period of rapid release of hemoglobin. The binding of the group B hemolysin at 37 degrees C was rapid; within 3 min, most of the cells had bound sufficient hemolysin to produce lysis. In contrast, the hemolysin did not bind to erythrocytes at 0 degrees C. The length of the prelytic lag period and the rate of hemolysis were also temperature dependent. A decrease in total hemolysis was observed when the target cell/hemolysin ratio was increased, suggesting that a multihit response is required for lysis. Intracellular 86Rb and hemoglobin were released at the same rate from hemolysin treated cells, indicating that a colloid-osmotic process is not involved in the lytic mechanism. PMID- 7037642 TI - Binding of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharides to rat high-density lipoproteins. AB - These studies were undertaken to investigate the binding of gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) of rat plasma. Purified Salmonella typhimurium LPS, intrinsically labeled with [3H] galactose, bound rapidly in vitro to isolated rat HDL. Maximal binding of LPS to HDL occurred when LPS and HDL were incubated with lipoprotein-free plasma (rho greater than 1.21 g/ml). Since LPS, when purified, form large aggregates, we tested the hypothesis that disaggregation of LPS enhances LPS-HDL binding. We found that calcium chloride (1 mM), an agent which prevents LPS disaggregation, inhibited binding of LPS to HDL by interfering with the modification of LPS by lipoprotein-free plasma. Conversely, sodium deoxycholate (0.15 g/dl), which disaggregates LPS, greatly increased binding of LPS to HDL in the absence of lipoprotein-free plasma. Analysis of labeled LPS by sodium deodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed only minor differences in the sizes of LPS molecules before and after binding to HDL, suggesting that chemical modification of LPS is not required for binding. The results provide evidence that disaggregation increases the binding of LPS to HDL. PMID- 7037643 TI - Immunological relatedness among Candida albicans and other pathogenic Candida species. AB - Membrane-mitochondrial (butanol-hot phosphate-buffered saline) and cytosol (soluble cytoplasmic substances) extracts from seven pathogenic species of Candida were used in in vivo and in vitro immunological assays to study antigenic similarities among the strains with respect to C. albicans. Mice were sensitized with C. albicans serotype A for footpad testing or to provide cells for lymphocyte stimulation assays, and guinea pigs were immunized with whole cells or butanol-hot phosphate-buffered saline extracts of C. albicans to obtain antisera for immunodiffusion assays. When extracts from each of the seven species were used in the assays, they consistently segregated, as determined by statistical or subjective analyses, into three groups. Extracts of C. albicans serotype A or B and C. stellatoidea were the most immunologically reactive in all assays, indicating close similarities between those two species, whereas extracts of C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis elicited only moderate responses. Extracts from C. krusei, C. guilliermondii, and C. pseudotropicalis were hypo- or nonreactive in the assays, indicating a low level of antigenic relatedness to C. albicans. PMID- 7037644 TI - Phage-host interactions and the production of type A streptococcal exotoxin in group A streptococci. AB - The infection of Streptococcus pyogenes nontoxigenic strain T 253 with bacteriophage T12 to form lysogen T 253 (T12) resulted in the production of type A streptococcal exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin or streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin). Two lines of evidence indicated that lysogeny per se was not sufficient to promote toxigenic conversion of strain T 253. First, a virulent mutant of phage T12, unable to form stable lysogens, was able to affect type A exotoxin production by strain T 253. An unrelated virulent phage A25 did not affect type A exotoxin production after infection of strain T 253. Second, the temperate phage H4489A, which established stable lysogens with strain T 253 did not promote type A exotoxin production. These results suggest that there is a strain specificity to the phage-host interaction which affects type A exotoxin synthesis. Additional evidence is presented which indicates that type A streptococcal exotoxin was not a structural component of phage T12. PMID- 7037645 TI - Glycolipid receptors for uropathogenic Escherichia coli on human erythrocytes and uroepithelial cells. AB - A specific family of glycolipids, the globoseries, was shown to act as receptors on human uroepithelial cells and erythrocytes for the majority of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains attaching to or hemagglutinating those cells. This was demonstrated in three different ways: (i) correlation between the natural presence of glycolipid in the target cell (erythrocytes of different species) and binding of bacteria; (ii) inhibition of attachment to human uroepithelial cells by preincubation of bacteria and glycolipid; and (iii) induction of binding to unreactive cells by coating of these cells with glycolipid. Strains reacting with the receptor agglutinated guinea pig erythrocytes in a mannose-resistant way after, but not before, coating of the cells with globotetraosylceramide. Unrelated glycolipids were not recognized. The reaction was made independent of simultaneous occurrence of mannose-sensitive adhesions on the strains by addition of D-mannose. The receptor-coated cells were used as a tool to screen for prevalence of receptor recognition in a collection of 453 E. coli strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection or from the stools of healthy children. Of 150 strains attaching to human uroepithelial cells and agglutinating human erythrocytes, 121 bound to globotetraosylceramide (81%). Globoside recognition was especially frequent among pyelonephritis strains (74/81). The glycolipid composition of the urogenital epithelium and kidney tissue and the ability of uropathogenic E. coli to bind to these glycolipids may be a determinant in host-parasite interaction leading to urinary tract infection. PMID- 7037646 TI - Platelet interactions with Candida albicans. AB - The interaction of human platelets and Candida albicans was studied. Platelet rich plasma was obtained from freshly drawn blood or outdated platelet concentrates. From the platelet-rich plasma, a platelet extract was derived which stimulated germ tube formation by C. albicans when incubated with yeast cells at 37 degrees C. The active component(s) was heat stable, trypsin sensitive, and ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease insensitive, and possessed cationic properties since it readily attached to carboxymethyl-Sephadex. The active component(s) seemed to bind to heparin also, since germ tube-promoting activity was eluted from a heparin-cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B column. In addition, platelet-derived growth factor (Collaborative Research, Inc.) stimulated germination when incubated with low amounts (0.4% final concentration) of bovine calf serum. The aggregation of platelets, prepared as platelet-rich plasma by C. albicans cell wall or alkali-extracted cell wall fractions, was also studied. Aggregation of platelets was observed when cell wall or cell wall fractions were incubated with platelet-poor plasma at 37 degrees C for 20 min and then added to platelet-rich plasma. The component of platelet-poor plasma which promoted aggregation of platelets by C. albicans cell wall or alkali-extracted fractions was inactivated at 56 degrees C (30 min) and by cobra venom factor, indicating a role for the alternate complement pathway in the aggregation response. PMID- 7037647 TI - Antagonisms among isogenic strains of Escherichia coli in the digestive tracts of gnotobiotic mice. AB - We have observed that antagonisms occur between isogenic strains of Escherichia coli associated with gnotobiotic mice. The strains differed in the carriage of plasmids or in chromosomal mutations. The plasmid-free strains, in general, inhibited the establishment of plasmid-bearing strains in the gastrointestinal tract of mice. The outcome of the interactions between isogenic pairs, however, depended on the order in which the strains were introduced into the mice. Maintaining the bacterial strains in monoassociation with gnotobiotic mice resulted in the "adaptation" of the bacteria to their host. Thus, in all cases, "adapted" strains became the dominant population in the feces of mice, regardless of whether the adapted strains was introduced into mice before or after its isogenic partner which had been cultured in vitro. The ecological advantage disappeared when the adapted strain was cultured in broth. Ultrastructural differences in cell morphology were observed between strains maintained in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7037649 TI - Antibiotic resistance in veterinary practice. PMID- 7037648 TI - Detection of an immediate early herpes simplex virus type 1 polypeptide in trigeminal ganglia from latently infected animals. AB - In this study, trigeminal sensory ganglia from animals with acute herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1) infection were compared to those with a latent infection for the expression of HSV-specific antigens. By the indirect immunofluorescence assay, antisera to an immediate early polypeptide of molecular weight 175,000, designated VP175 or ICP4, and a hyperimmune antiserum to HSV-1 were used to determine whether early viral polypeptides were being expressed in neurons during the latent stage of infection. All 17 ganglia from animals with acute infection (sacrificed 3 to 12 days postinfection) exhibited positive staining when treated either with anti-HSV-1 or with anti-VP175. Forty of 42 ganglia from animals sacrificed during the latent stage of infection (22 to 200 days postinfection) exhibited immunofluorescent staining when treated with anti-VP175. The staining appeared to be similar to that observed in ganglia from acutely infected animals stained with anti-VP175, except that the number and distribution of stained cells were markedly reduced. No immunofluorescence was observed in ganglia from noninfected control animals when stained with anti-VP175 or anti-HSV-1, or when ganglia from latently infected animals were stained with anti-HSV-1 or preimmune serum. PMID- 7037650 TI - Quantitation of antibody production in mouse bone marrow during the secondary response to sheep erythrocytes. AB - The antibody production per organ was quantitated during the secondary response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) by measuring the hemolysin production in short-term cultures of spleen and bone marrow cells. Using this assay it was shown that during the first 5 days of the response the spleen is the major site of antibody production, whereas thereafter the bone marrow is the major source. By comparing the hemolysin production per organ and the total number of hemolysin-producing plaque-forming cells (PFC) per organ it was shown that the mean antibody production per PFC varied both in spleen and bone marrow during the secondary response. The mean antibody production per PFC was minimal when the PFC response was maximal. In the bone marrow the mean production per PFC decreased from day 3 to day 5, probably due to immigration of low producing PFC from the spleen. Beyond day 6 the production per cell increased in both spleen and bone marrow, indicating a further maturation of the PFC. PMID- 7037651 TI - Reliability of IgM-IFA and IgM-IHA tests on pure IgM fractions obtained by a simple gel filtration method in acquired and congenital toxoplasmosis. AB - We have devised a rapid and inexpensive gel filtration method to separate IgM fractions from small amounts of serum. These fractions have been titrated with IgM-IFAT and IgM-IHAT, and their titers have been compared with those obtained on whole serum. The results show that the separation of IgM from IgG allows detection of IgM antibodies in many cases of acquired toxoplasmosis, especially in cases of congenital toxoplasmosis. False positive results due to the presence of rheumatoid factors are also avoided. The IHA test performed on IgM fractions is constantly negative. PMID- 7037652 TI - Congenital toxoplasmosis: a serologic screening of 963 mothers and their children at birth. AB - An investigation carried out according to a predetermined serologic screening sought to evaluate the prevalence, level, and quality of fluorescent anti Toxoplasma antibodies in a population sample of a certain district. The most important issues concern the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis for the above mentioned subjects, the level of serotiter for expected risk, and the features of our screening protocol as regards thoroughness and the possibility of early diagnosis. PMID- 7037653 TI - Evaluation of the dye test, IgM-IFAT, and ELISA for the diagnosis of toxoplasmic infection in pregnancy. AB - This study was undertaken to determine, first the relationship between the Sabin Feldman dye test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as far as the antitoxoplasmic IgG antibodies are concerned, and secondly the relationship between the indirect immunofluorescence test and the ELISA as regards the antitoxoplasmic IgM antibodies. The results achieved through this research show a good relationship between the dye test and IgG-ELISA, especially satisfactory with the low and medium values of the antibody titers. Furthermore, a very good agreement could be documented between IgM-ELISA and IgM-IFAT in the detection of IgM-specific antibodies in the early phases of toxoplasmic infection. PMID- 7037654 TI - Diagnostic protocols for lymphoglandular toxoplasmosis. AB - The diagnostic protocol for lymph node toxoplasmosis presented in this study is based on the following sequence: 1. specific serologic tests (IHAT, IFAT, IgM IFAT) on total serum and on purified IgM serum fraction, performed twice, within a time interval of 21-28 days; 2. Lymph node biopsy for histologic studies and for isolation of the parasite in mice (biologic test). A critical analysis is reported for 20 cases submitted to this protocol in the course of the year 1980. PMID- 7037655 TI - Phenotypic drift of metastatic and cell-surface properties of mammary adenocarcinoma cell clones during growth in vitro. AB - We have examined cell clones obtained from a 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma tumor and its spontaneous lung metastasis for phenotypic stability during serial culture passage in vitro. Two clones that varied markedly in their metastatic properties were chosen for further examination. One of these clones (MTC) obtained from the parental transplanted tumor initially failed to metastasize within 23 days post-injection s.c. but gained the ability to form spontaneous pulmonary metastases after several serial passages in vitro. Another clone (MTLn3) derived from a spontaneous lung metastasis was initially higher metastatic from short-term culture, but lost the potential to form large numbers of spontaneous lung metastases with long-term culture. In contrast to MTA, clone MTLn3 displayed lymph-node metastasis, and the frequency of lymph-node involvement increased when late-passage cultures of MTLn3 cells were assayed in vivo. Both clones from late-passage cultures produced larger tumor sizes at the primary (mammary fat pad) injection sites compared to early passage cells. The morphologies of MTC cells changed with serial tissue culture passage, while the morphologies of MTLn3 cells did not change. The display of fibronectin on MTC cells by immunofluorescence did not change with culture passage; fibronectin was not detected in cultures of clone MTLn3. Fibronectin was also found on MTC cells by cell surface labelling using lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination-sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-autoradiography. Iodination of fibronectin on MTC cells did not vary with culture passage, and as in immunofluorescence experiments it was not detected on MTLn3 cells. There was a decrease in exposure of certain cell surface proteins on MTC cells with culture passage, but we did not detect modifications with this procedure that correlated with culture passage of MTLn3 cells. We conclude that prolonged culture in vitro can result in modifications fo metastatic and cell-surface properties of tumor cell clones. PMID- 7037656 TI - Luteinizing hormone-releasing factor increases release of human chorionic gonadotrophin in isolated cell columns of normal and malignant trophoblasts. AB - The effect of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) on release of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) was studied by isolated cell columns of normal syncytiotrophoblasts and choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells. After LRF stimulation the release of hCG by the normal trophoblasts increased up to 4-fold and release by the malignant trophoblasts increased up to 6-fold, indicating a specific effect of LRF on normal and malignant trophoblast cells. PMID- 7037657 TI - The detection of glucocorticoid receptors in breast cancer by immunocytochemical and biochemical methods. AB - Glucocorticoid receptors have been detected in 90 human breast tumors and tumor like conditions by the immunoperoxidase method using a specific antibody against the glucocorticoid receptor isolated from rat thymocytes. In some of the specimens the [3H]-dexamethasone binding assay was also performed and the results obtained were compared with those of the immunoperoxidase method. When the biochemical method was used, no strict correlation between the degree of binding of [3H]-dexamethasone and malignancy on the basis of histological findings could be demonstrated. In contrast, the immunoperoxidase method was in full agreement with the histological type of the tumor. Thus, nearly all malignant breast tumors (carcinomas) were positive by the immunoperoxidase method to a vary degree. Most of the examined benign tumor-like conditions (fibrocystic disease) were found to be negative. Intermediate situations, such as atypical duct of lobular hyperplasia, papillomatosis etc, were mostly positive. These findings suggest that ther immunoperoxidase method, part from its usefulness for the detection of glucocorticoid receptors in breast tissue, may be used as an early biological marker to detect early conversion of normal to hyperplastic tissue and/or malignancy of the mammary gland. PMID- 7037658 TI - Different T-cell subtypes are associated with pathologically distinct forms of Moloney leukemia virus (M-MuLV)-induced lymphoma. AB - The T-cell enzyme markers, terminal deoxy-nucleotidyltransferase (TDT) and 20 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha SDH), were used to classify lymphomas induced by the Moloney leukemia virus (M-MuLV). Different subtypes of T cells were shown to be involved in different types of lymphoma. Thymomas were TdT positive and grew as subcutaneous solid tumors at the site of inoculation. Spleen cells from mice with generalized lymphoma were of two types. In the majority of cases the lymphomas consisted of 20 alpha SDH-positive cells that homed to spleen and lymph nodes upon transplantation. In a few cases the cells of enlarged spleens were TdT-positive and, like the TdT-positive thymomas, could be transplanted as subcutaneous tumors. Thus, TdT-positive and 20 alpha SDH-positive T-cell lymphomas can be distinguished by their homing properties. Preleukemic thymus cells from M-MuLV inoculated mice can, after transfer to 400 -R irradiated syngeneic hosts, induce new lymphomas by virus release or grow in an autonomous fashion in the recipients. Whether of donor or recipient type, these lymphomas are TdT-positive. In contrast, preleukemic bone marrow cells give lymphomas of donor type which are as heterogeneous for T-cell enzymes as are lymphomas induced by neonatal inoculation of M-MuLV. PMID- 7037660 TI - The value of thallium exercise testing in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7037659 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to two mouse bladder carcinoma antigens. AB - Carcinomas of the urinary bladder of mice were induced by 3-methyl-cholanthrene or fanft [(4-5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thioazolyl formamide]. On transplantation in vivo, tumor lines consisting of well-differentiated transitional-cell carcinomas were established. Some tumors were also explanted in vitro. A rat was immunized with a pool of carcinomas and normal bladder tissue and its spleen cells were hybridized with NS-l mouse myeloma cells. Supernatants of hybrid cells ("hybridomas") were screened for antibody binding to antigens present in bladder carcinomas but not in normal syngeneic urinary bladder, with cell extracts as targets. Hybridomas that appeared to have the required specificity were cloned, tested further against transitional-cell bladder carcinomas, an anaplastic bladder tumor, rhabdomyosarcomas, a mammary carcinoma, myelomas and lymphomas, and normal adult urinary bladder, kidney, lung, spleen, heart, brain, thymus, and whole embryo. Antibody formed by one hybridoma, 2H5, gave significant binding to membranes from five of seven transitional-cell carcinomas but not to membranes from many other tissues. A second hybridoma, IE6, formed antibody to an antigen present in bladder carcinomas and normal liver and, in smaller amounts, in several other normal and neoplastic tissues. Fluorescence microscopy established that both antigens were present at the cell surface of transitional-cell bladder carcinomas. Immunoprecipitation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to identify the target antigens from 125I-labelled cell membrane proteins. The antibody formed by 2H5 was found to identify a protein with a molecular weight in the range of 140 kilodaltons, which was detected in transitional-cell bladder. The molecular nature of the antigen defined by hybridoma IE6 is not known. PMID- 7037661 TI - A comparative trial of timolol and flutonidin as antihypertensive agents. AB - In a double-blind cross-over clinical trial, flutonidin (2-4 mg daily) was compared with timolol (20-40 mg daily) in the treatment of mildly or moderately hypertensive patients who concomitantly received fixed diuretic treatment. Each drug was administered for 1 month, with an interval of 2 weeks between the two monthly periods. During administration of flutonidin, blood pressure initially fell but returned to baseline values at the end of treatment. Heart rate was not affected by the drug. Timolol significantly reduced both blood pressure and heart rate. Its effect becomes evident during the 1st week and increases throughout the treatment period. Side effects were more frequent during flutonidin administration than during timolol administration. No significant modifications of the laboratory findings were observed during either flutonidin or timolol treatment. PMID- 7037662 TI - A comparative randomized double-blind clinical trial of pivampicillin and ampicillin in lower respiratory tract infections. AB - The efficacy and safety of pivampicillin was compared with that of ampicillin in 52 patients suffering from lower respiratory tract infections. Equimolar doses of pivampicillin (350 mg) and ampicillin (250 mg) were administered three times daily for 15 days in identical code-labeled capsules. Each patient received only one drug in a random double-blind order. Clinical as well as objective assessment showed that pivampicillin was comparatively more effective and safer than ampicillin on both the 7th and 15th day of treatment. The reduction in the volume and purulence of sputum and in cough and dyspnea was more marked with pivampicillin. The overall success rate was higher and the side effects were fewer with pivampicillin. PMID- 7037663 TI - Cancer immunotherapy: some critical comments regarding immunological monitoring. PMID- 7037664 TI - Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure breathing on exercise-induced asthma. AB - Five volunteers, all with a history of childhood asthma that had persisted, though at a reduced severity and incidence, through their teens to the present, performed six treadmill runs on separate days for 6 min at 80% of VO2 max followed by 20 min of recovery. Two trials were completed under each of the following conditions: normal, positive end-expiratory pressure breathing (PEEP) during the work, and PEEP post-exercise. For each trial, forced vital capacity maneuvers (FVC) were completed twice at rest, at the 3rd and 6th min of exercise, and every 5 min during the 20-min recovery. No significant effects of PEEP in resting pulmonary function values was found nor was PET CO2 altered for rest, exercise, or recovery for PEEP vs normal trials. For the normal exercise tests, post-exercise broncho-constriction was shown by at 30% to 50% decrease in FEV1.0, 30% to 40% drop in PEF, and a 45% to 65% decrease in maximal flow at 50% VC (MEF50), comparing post-exercise values to rest. PEEP during and PEEP post conditions significantly (P less than 0.01) decreased the severity of exercise induced asthma (EIA) as PEFR and FEV1.0 values remained within 20% of rest levels and MEF50 within 30%. Since PET CO2 was not altered by the PEEP conditions, the airway response cannot be mediated through CO2 effect, It is known that PEEP does reduce air trapping, but since PEEP during work had a lasting effect into recovery this indicates that some additional mechanism may be involved. PMID- 7037665 TI - Bullous pemphigoid after chemotherapy for choriocarcinoma. PMID- 7037666 TI - Society news: Frederick Reiss, 1891-1981. PMID- 7037667 TI - Dermatologists on postage stamps (Hulusi Behcet, Ruzar Briffa). PMID- 7037668 TI - Anticoagulant therapy in human renal disease. PMID- 7037669 TI - Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 7037670 TI - Renin - aldosterone system response to chronic salt loading and volume contraction in puppies. PMID- 7037671 TI - A study of macromolecular synthesis in a range of radiation sensitive mutants of yeast. PMID- 7037672 TI - The parasites obtained and bacteria isolated from house rats (Rattus rattus Linnaeus, 1758) caught in human habitations in Ibadan, Nigeria. AB - A total of 169 house rats were killed in different households distributed within five localities of Ibadan. A wide range of parasites were encountered. The flea, Ceratophylus fasciatus was the commonest ectoparasite found. Trichostrongylus columbriformis eggs were the commonest nematode and Hymenolepis diminuta the only cestode. Escherichia coli was the commonest bacterium found. The incidence of helminthiasis, especially H. diminuta, was generally high among rats trapped in the villages and the indigenous areas of the city. One hundred and twenty eight (128) of the rats possessed Trypanosoma lewisi infection, seventy one (71) had Anaplasma marginale while fifty seven (57) had Babesia microti infection. The public health importance of some of the parasites found is discussed. PMID- 7037673 TI - The tropics and parasitic diseases of animals - their impact on animal and human health. PMID- 7037674 TI - A serological survey of toxoplasmosis in food animals (cattle, sheep, goats and swine) in two northern states of Nigeria. PMID- 7037675 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of collagen types I and II in the developing chick cornea and tibia by electron microscopy. AB - Monoclonal and conventional antibodies against collagen types I and II were used for immunofluorescence and immuno-electron microscopic studies of developing chick corneas (5-day-old embryos to adult) and embryonic limb cartilages. Secondary antibodies were labeled with rhodamine or ferritin. We found that the 5 day primary corneal stroma stains uniformly at the light microscope level with both monoclonal and rabbit antibodies to collagen types I and II. At the electron microscope level, the striated fibrils are stained by these antibodies. After invasion by fibroblasts (7-day-old embryos), type I collagen becomes the predominant collagen within most of the stroma, whereas type II becomes progressively localized in subepithelial (Bowman's membrane) and subendothelial (Descemet's membrane) regions. In the adult the only remaining type II reactivity is in Descemet's membrane. In this structure, both the nodes and strands stain positively for type II. In embryonic cartilage, on other hand, type II collagen is organized as nonstriated fibrils. Thus, during avian corneal development, radical changes occur both in the the types of collagens present and in their distribution. In addition, it seems that the same genetic type of collagen can take several morphologic forms, depending on the environment fibrils as well as in the nodes and strands of Descemet's membrane. PMID- 7037676 TI - Comparative ocular pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida glabrata, and Aspergillus fumigatus in the rabbit. AB - In a previous study, 88% of rabbits with disseminated infection caused by Candida albicans developed ophthalmoscopically visible, hematogenous endophthalmitis (chorioretinitis) over a 2 week period. To determine the incidence of this ocular complication in disseminated infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida glabrata, and Aspergillus fumigatus compared with that caused by C. albicans, the first three species of fungi were injected intravenously (between 10(5) and 10(9) organisms per animal) into 36 New Zealand white rabbits. No chorioretinal lesions were seen by indirect ophthalmoscopy over a 2 week period. C. glabrata and A. fumigatus were not cultured from chorioretinas despite positive cultures from brains and kidneys at 1 and 2 weeks. In contrast, C. neoformans was cultured from 12 of 18 chorioretinas. (mean Log10 3.45 colony forming units/gm of tissue) as well as from the brains and kidneys. The less intense inflammatory cell response to C. neoformans compared with that 10 C. albicans seen on histopathologic examination most likely explains the nondetectability of the cryptococcal chorioretinitis by indirect ophthalmoscopy. These data suggest that C. glabrata. A. fumigatus, and possibly C. neoformans have less ocular pathogenicity than C. albicans in rabbits and correlate with the small number of documented human cases of ophthalmoscopically visible hematogenous endophthalmitis caused by fungi other than C. albicans. PMID- 7037677 TI - Mononuclear cells in the corneal response to endotoxin. AB - A severe keratitis can be produced after the direct injection of bacterial endotoxin, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in rabbits. Corneal inflammation can progress to scarring and vascularization within a 2 to 3 week period. Pretreatment with systemic adrenal corticosteroids (triamcinolone) prevents this response. Limbal cellular and vascular events were studied during the first 20 hr after injection of LPS in treated and nontreated rabbits. Perivascular limbal inflammatory cells were counted and limbal vascular permeability was assessed by extravasation of 131I-albumin and 125I-fibrinogen in the cornea. Corticosteroids decreased but did not prevent the early protein extravasation and profoundly altered the inflammatory cell population around blood vessels at the limbus. Mononuclear cells, particularly mononuclear phagocytes, were sharply reduced. It is proposed that these cell types play an important role in the perpetuation and amplification of the inflammatory response in this reaction. PMID- 7037678 TI - Interfascicular suture with nerve autografts for median, ulnar and radial nerve lesions. AB - Interfascicular nerve suture with autografts is the operation of choice for repairing peripheral nerve injuries because it ensures more precise alignment of the fasciculi and so better chances of reinnervation of the sectioned nerve. The procedure as described by Millesi et al has been used at the Istituto Neurologico di Milano in 30 patients with traumatic lesions of the median, ulnar and radial nerves. All have been followed up for 2 to 7 years since operation. The results obtained are compared with those of other series obtained with interfascicular suture and with epineural suture. Microsurgery is essential. The best time to operate is discussed. PMID- 7037679 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the city and district of Genoa: estimated mortality rate in the six year period 1974-1979. PMID- 7037680 TI - The effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on E. coli-induced inflammation. AB - Indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) have recognized anti-inflammatory activity. Here we report the effect of these nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the kinetics of the inflammatory reaction induced by the intradermal injection into rabbits of killed E. coli. Simultaneous quantitation of blood flow, using 86Ru, vascular permeability, using 125I-albumin, and leukocyte infiltration, using 51Cr-labeled leukocytes was performed. Treatment of rabbits systemically with indomethacin (100 mg/m2; 6 mg/kg ip) inhibited the blood flow, vascular permeability, and leukocyte infiltration, although the inhibition of the latter did not reach statistical significance. Indomethacin and ASA were also administered locally intradermally (id) into skin sites together with the E. coli in the same rabbit in order to minimize animal to animal variations in leukocyte infiltration. Both drugs again inhibited the blood blow and vascular permeability in the lesions. Furthermore, they significantly inhibited leukocyte infiltration. All of these effects were completely reversed by the id injection of prostaglandin E2 in a dose (0.5 microgram) that, in normal skin, increased only the blood flow. These observations indicate that indomethacin and ASA act primarily by decreasing vascular responses during inflammation, probably by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis at the site. The suppression of leukocyte infiltration appears to be a secondary effect due to the inhibition of the hyperemia and hyperpermeability during inflammation. These findings emphasize the important role played by the vascular responses in regulating the rate of leukocyte infiltration. PMID- 7037681 TI - Effects of ketotifen, a benzocycloheptathiophene, on metacholine- and acetylcholine-induced contractions of canine respiratory smooth muscle. AB - The relaxant effects of ketotifen on isolated respiratory smooth muscle contracted by methacholine or acetylcholine were examined. Although potent dose dependent relaxation was observed, it appears that more than 100 times the concentration is required to relax muscle contracted with cholinergic agonists than has been reported for muscle contracted by histamine. This observation offers a possible explanation for the findings of several investigators that dosages of ketotifen administered to patients protect against histamine-induced, but not methacholine- or acetylcholine-induced, bronchospasm. PMID- 7037682 TI - Mismatched attitudes about neonatal death. PMID- 7037683 TI - The tyranny of principles. PMID- 7037684 TI - Distinguished achievement award presented to Robley D. Evans at the annual meeting of the Health Physics Society, Louisville, KY, 23 June 1981. PMID- 7037685 TI - Elda E. Anderson award presented to Howard Wesley Dickson. PMID- 7037686 TI - Mass media campaigns: the odds against finding behavior change. AB - The use of mass media has long been an attractive method for implementing and discharging institutional responsibility for the promotion of good health practices and the prevention of various social and health problems. Although there is a long history of such efforts, relatively little is known about the effects such campaigns might have. The large number of programs currently being conceived and implemented on local, state, and federal levels have not benefited as much as they might have from the experience of past mass media efforts. This paper reviews the history, commonalities, assumptions, and effects of planned largescale campaigns to communicate information to the general population to encourage moderation or abstinence in the use of alcohol, drugs, or tobacco. The concept of experimental design is critiqued regarding the appropriateness of such a model for evaluation of mass media campaigns. Suggestions are offered for making evaluations of such campaigns more able to generate useful information for program and planning purposes. This includes expanding evaluation questions through additional forms of inquiry rather than constricting the information obtained through methods based on assumptions of experimental design. PMID- 7037687 TI - Infection related to intravenous infusions. PMID- 7037688 TI - Endocarditis: an overview. PMID- 7037689 TI - A means of suctioning without cardiopulmonary depression. PMID- 7037690 TI - [Use of Flint's method of cancellous bone autografts from the ilium (applied to maxillofacial surgery)]. PMID- 7037691 TI - [Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome. Case report and review of the literature]. AB - The Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive mode and is clinically characterized by mental retardation, small stature mainly due to a short vertebral column with thoracal kyphosis, protruding sternum, reduced articular mobility, and in most cases also by microcephaly. Specific radiologic findings concern the vertebral column, the pelvis, and the hands. A patient suffering from this syndrome is presented, the literature is summarized, and the clinical and radiologic manifestations are reviewed. As in two cases studied by others [27], the incorporation of radioactive sulphate into the mucopolysaccharides of the fibroblasts was normal in our patient. The activity of arylsulphatase B in the fibroblasts, however, was reduced as in the leucocytes of three reported cases [21]. These observations suggest that an as yet undefined specific sulphatase could be of importance for the pathogenesis of this condition. PMID- 7037692 TI - Clustering of aberrations to specific chromosomes in human neoplasms. IV. A survey of 1,871 cases. PMID- 7037693 TI - Total hip replacement revision surgery: surgical technique and experience. PMID- 7037694 TI - Ultrastructural visualization of galactose in the glycoprotein of gastric surface cells with a peanut lectin conjugate. AB - The ultrastructural localization of peanut lectin-binding sites in the gastric surface epithelial cell has been studied using a horseradish peroxidase-labelled peanut lectin (PL-HRP) conjugate and other cytochemical techniques. The PL-HRP procedure has visualized glycoprotein with presumed terminal galactose residues in the apical plasmalemma and secreted mucins and has localized such glycoprotein selectively in the 'intermediate Golgi cisternae' situated between the saccules of the maturing face and those of the forming face of the Golgi stacks. Other cytoplasmic organelles, including the forming and stored secretory granules, did not reveal glycoprotein with terminal galactosyl residues. These results demonstrate the applicability of the PL-HRP labelling technique at the electron microscopical level to localize not only extra but also intracellular peanut lectin-reactive sites. The observation afford information concerning the possible site in the Golgi apparatus where galactose residues are added to the growing oligosaccharide side-chain of mucous glycoprotein. PMID- 7037695 TI - Evaluation of the ability of Tween 80, dimethylsulphoxide and Triton X-100 to enhance immunocytochemical staining of autoradiograms. PMID- 7037696 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of nerve growth factor and histofluorescence of catecholaminergic nerves in the salivary glands of diabetic mice. AB - Nerve growth factor (NGF) was localized in the submandibular, sublingual, and parotid salivary glands of male and female diabetic mice and their normal littermates by immunoperoxidase staining using p-phenylenediamine-pyrocatechol as a chromogen for the cytochemical demonstration of peroxidase activity. In the normal male submandibular gland, immunoreactive NGF was localized in the apical regions of granular, intercalated and collecting duct cells, while in the normal female submandibular gland, NGF was present throughout the cytoplasm of granular duct cells. The localization of NGF in the diabetic male and female submandibular glands was similar and resembled that of the normal female. NGF immunoreactivity was also observed in the striated duct cells in the sublingual and parotid glands of all four types of mice. The sympathetic innervation of the submandibular glands of normal and diabetic mice was demonstrated using glyoxylic acid-induced histofluorescence. The pattern of sympathetic innervation and the intensity of catecholamine fluorescence was consistently different in the four types of mice. In the normal male submandibular gland the fluorescence was very intense, particularly in nerves adjacent to the granular ducts. In the normal female submandibular gland, the fluorescence was weak, while in the diabetic male and female the fluorescence was moderate. The correlation between the intensity of the immunocytochemical staining for NGF and the catecholamine fluorescence adjacent to the granular ducts suggests a trophic influence of the NGF-containing granular ducts on their sympathetic innervation. PMID- 7037697 TI - Preliminary report of the M.D. Anderson Hospital randomized trial of neutron and photon irradiation for locally advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix. PMID- 7037698 TI - Treatment of stage I and II adenocarcinoma of the breast by tumor excision and irradiation. PMID- 7037699 TI - Radiotherapy Quality Assurance Program in a cooperative group. PMID- 7037700 TI - Arthur Holly Compton. PMID- 7037701 TI - Fractionated total body irradiation for metastatic neuroblastoma. PMID- 7037702 TI - The comparison of total body irradiation vs chlorambucil and prednisone for remission induction of active chronic lymphocytic leukemia: an ECOG study. Part I: total body irradiation-response and toxicity. PMID- 7037703 TI - Local tumor control and the subsequent incidence of distant metastatic disease. PMID- 7037704 TI - Radiobiological basis of total body irradiation with different dose rate and fractionation: repair capacity of hemopoietic cells. PMID- 7037705 TI - Clinical trials of radiation sensitizers in head and neck cancer. PMID- 7037706 TI - The effect of dose rate and adriamycin on the tolerance of thoracic radiation in mice. AB - Radiation damage to the lung may be a predisposing factor in the development of interstitial pneumonitis in patients undergoing total body radiation and subsequent bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of leukemia. Adriamycin has been used in conjunction with bone marrow transplantation, and has also been shown to interact with radiation. This experiment was designed to study the effects of pre-administration of adriamycin on the radiation tolerance of the lung and esophagus. Since total body radiation is usually administered at low dose rates in order to spare the gastrointestinal tract preferentially as compared to the bone marrow, we investigated whether such a dose rate effect was present for the lung and if so, whether this pulmonary and esophageal dose rate effect would be ameliorated by pre-treatment with adriamycin. Mice were irradiated at 5 rad; 15 rad or 70 rad per minute to the upper body, 24 hours or 7 days after adriamycin. Oral esophageal death occurred within one month; thus deaths within 30 days were ascribed to this mechanism. In comparison, deaths because of pulmonary toxicity occurred later. Those between 30 and 160 days were ascribed to this mechanism. In the absence of adriamycin, a dose rate effect was found for the lung and confirmed for the upper gastrointestinal tract. The dose of radiation necessary to give pulmonary and gastrointestinal toxicity was markedly reduced when adriamycin was administered 24 hours before radiation. If seven days were allowed between adriamycin and radiation there was still an effect seen only at the high dose rate for the esophagus while for the lung at the high dose rate and for both systems at low dose rate no significant drug effects were noted. The dose rate effect is still seen after the drug, but it is reduced. These studies indicate that adriamycin given shortly before can significantly increase the oral esophageal and pulmonary toxicity of radiation and can practically abrogate the sparing effect of dose rate. This must be considered when clinically using total body radiation and adriamycin in preparation for bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7037707 TI - Modifiers of radiation response in tumor therapy: strategies and expectations. AB - The administration of two (or more) cytotoxic agents to widen the differential between the responses of tumor and normal tissues depends upon the biological properties of the agents in the cells and tissue, their interactive potential, and the strategy employed in their administration. Assuming that one agent is ionizing radiation and considering response modification in broad terms, the qualitative features of various strategies are developed for physical as well as chemical modifiers. The heterogeneity of human tumor cells and the compensatory mechanisms of normal tissues following injury are identified as topical areas requiring sustained research effort. Finally, estimates are developed for the degree of improvement required from a response modifier to effect significant improvements in tumor cure rates. PMID- 7037708 TI - [Diabetes and pregnancy]. PMID- 7037709 TI - Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure and body position in unilateral lung injury. AB - Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), by increasing lung volume in acute lung injury, may recruit terminal air spaces in the involved regions, but may also distend noninvolved regions increasing extravascular lung water and worsening gas exchange. We investigated the effect of increasing levels of PEEP on arterial oxygenation in 26 anesthesized dogs with unilateral acid pneumonitis and studied the influences of gravity and distribution of the injury on this effect. Arterial PO2 was consistently higher when the noninjured lung was dependent than in the supine or injured lung-dependent positions. Low levels of PEEP (5, 10 cmH2O) improved arterial oxygenation and reduced intrapulmonary physiological shunt. However, 15 cmH2O PEEP resulted in worsening of gas exchange, increased dead space ventilation, and diminished static compliance. The adverse effects of high levels of PEEP on arterial oxygenation were similar whether the injured lung was dependent or not and were evident a lower levels of PEEP in one group of dogs in which the unilateral injury was more diffuse and in which the upper and middle lobes were also involved. Thus, the compressive effects of high levels of PEEP on alveolar capillaries in the noninjured lung are influenced by the extent and distribution of injury in the injured lung, but not by local forces governing regional blood flow distribution. PMID- 7037710 TI - Mechanism by which positive end-expiratory pressure increases cerebrospinal fluid pressure in dogs. AB - We investigated possible mechanisms by which positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure (PCSF) in anesthetized mechanically ventilated dogs. In part I of the study, PEEP was applied in 5 cmH2O increments each lasting 1-2 min, before and after a snare separated the spinal from the cerebral subarachnoid space in each animal. Next, with the spinal cord still ligated, the dogs were ventilated without PEEP while superior vena cava pressure (PSVC) was raised in 5 cmH2O increments by means of a fluid reservoir connected with the superior vena cava. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the cisterna magna increased immediately and in parallel with PEEP before and after the spinal subarachnoid space was occluded and also increased when PSVC was raised independently; in all circumstances the increase in PCSF correlated closely with PSVC (r = 0.926). In part II of the study, arterial blood gases were drawn before and after PEEP was applied in the same increments and for the same duration as in part I. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure measured with a hollow skull screw again rose in parallel with PEEP, whereas arterial carbon dioxide tension rose only slightly at 60 s. In part III of the study, mean arterial pressure (Pa) was allowed to decrease with PEEP or was held constant by distal aortic obstruction and volume infusion. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure increased regardless of Pa, but the increase was greater when Pa was held constant than when it fell with PEEP. We conclude that PEEP increases PCSF primarily by increasing PSVC and decreasing cerebral venous outflow. This effect is augmented if cerebral arterial inflow is increased as well. PMID- 7037711 TI - Influence of the right ventricle on canine left ventricular function with PEEP. AB - In anesthetized dogs we evaluated the influence of increased right ventricular (RV) pressures on left ventricular (LV) function by comparing the hemodynamic effects of increases in RV afterload (pulmonary arterial pressure) produced by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with those due to pulmonary arterial occlusion (PAO). Left atrial (Pla) and right atrial (Pra) pressures increased with PEEP and PAO [for Pla: 3.1 +/- 0.7 Torr (PEEP), 2.4 +/- 0.9 Torr (PAO); for Pra: 2.9 +/- 0.4 Torr (PEEP), 3.1 +/- 1.2 Torr (PAO)]. RV septal-free wall dimension (RVD) increased, and LV septal-posterolateral dimension (L2) decreased with both conditions [increases in RVD: 1.9 +/- 0.3 mm (PEEP), 2.2 +/- 0.5 mm (PAO); decrease in L2: 1.1 +/- 0.4 mm (PEEP), 0.9 +/- 0.3 mm (PAO)]. Extracorporeal bypass of the great veins did not alter these findings. LV function curves showed less stroke work at any Pla during PEEP, this being unaffected by vagotomy. When the RV was bypassed, there were no PEEP or PAO related changes in Pla or LV function. Thus diminished LV function with PEEP is probably due to the influence on the LV of a stressed RV in this situation. PMID- 7037712 TI - Glucose, glucagon, and insulin during adrenergic blockade in exercising sheep. AB - The interrelationships of glucagon and insulin with the sympathetic system on glucose turnover during exercise were examined in sheep. Six sheep were run for 45 min on a treadmill with and without alpha- and/or beta-adrenergic blockade. The exercise-induced increase in glucose appearance, as assessed by infusion of [2-3H]glucose, was reduced during the first 25 min of exercise by phentolamine administration. The metabolic clearance rate of glucose also was greater during exercise with phentolamine treatment than without. Phentolamine was associated with a rise in insulin concentrations and appeared to delay the exercise-induced rise in glucagon. Propranolol administration had no effect on glucose turnover and plasma glucagon and insulin. Nor did it have any effect on the changes in glucose, insulin, or glucagon induced by phentolamine administration. These observations are consistent with the alpha-adrenergic mediation of the sympathetic influences on insulin and glucagon secretion, which may account in part for the glucose adaptations to exercise in sheep. However, direct affects of circulating catecholamines on and increased stimulation of sympathetic innervation to the liver cannot be ruled out. PMID- 7037713 TI - Mechanical cardiopulmonary interdependence. AB - We studied cardiopulmonary interdependence in ten pentobarbital sodium anesthetized dogs by 1) measuring the increase of left atrial pressure (Pla) required to hold cardiac output (Q) constant on application of a positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), 2) determining the reduction of Pla required to mimic the Q fall observed when PEEP was applied while Pla was held constant, and 3) comparing left ventricular pressure-volume curves measured in freshly dead dogs during ventilation with and without PEEP. The atrial pressure changes can be divided into terms for pleural pressure change, lung deformation, and an undefined residual component and can be used to obtain a compliance opposing ventricular filling. Another compliance was derived from the pressure-volume curves. The latter compliance (6.8 ml/cm H2O) significantly exceeded the former (3.9 ml/cm H2O). The difference may have been caused by ventricular interdependence. The respiratory system compliance opposing ventricular filling was approximately one-twentieth of that predicted from lung and chest wall compliances. Deformation of lungs and chest wall appears to be a significant component of the elastic load imposed on ventricular diastolic filling. PMID- 7037714 TI - Bradykinin-induced increase in pulmonary vascular permeability in hypoxic sheep. AB - Bradykinin (BK) is a potent edematogenic agent in systemic tissues. It is degraded by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which is located on the surface of all vascular endothelia. We hypothesized that since oxygen tension modulates ACE activity, the high pulmonary oxygen tension and hence high ACE activity protects the lung from the edematogenic effects of BK. We therefore studied the effect of exogenous BK in unanesthetized sheep with surgically created lymph fistulas and vascular catheters during normoxia and hypoxia. BK significantly elevated lung lymph flow and protein flux only when the sheep were made hypoxic and the lung's ability to degrade BK was impaired. This increase could not be attributed to recruitment of vascular surface area or to an increase in the driving force for fluid exchange because there were no changes in pulmonary arterial or left atrial pressures, cardiac output, or pulmonary vascular resistance. We conclude that BK increases water and protein movement in the lung by increasing vascular permeability. PMID- 7037715 TI - Pulmonary microvascular permeability following E. coli endotoxin and hemorrhage. AB - The effects of hemorrhage and Escherichia coli endotoxin on vascular permeability in the lung were investigated in open-chest dogs. Systemic arterial, pulmonary artery, and left arterial pressures were monitored, and a 30-ml balloon catheter placed in the left atrium. An afferent to the left hilar lymph node was cannulated and lymph flow monitored. Lymph and plasma protein concentrations were measured by refractometry. The animals were divided into three groups: 1) a control group in which left atrial pressure was increased by inflation of the left atrial balloon; 2) a hemorrhagic shock group, bled to a systemic arterial pressure of 35-40 Torr until uptake of 20% of shed blood from the reservoir; and 3) an endotoxin shock group in which 2 or 4 mg/kg E. coli endotoxin was infused and left atrial pressure increased to 18 cmH2O for 2 hr. Permeability was determined by comparing the lymph/plasma protein ratios as a function of pulmonary lymph flow for the three groups at base line and increased left atrial pressures. There were no significant differences in lymph protein "wash down" between hemorrhage and control, and there was a minimal but significant difference between endotoxin and control groups. Postmortem extravascular lung water was not increased in the hemorrhage and endotoxin groups when compared to control. Therefore, there were no acute changes in lung vascular permeability within 2 hr after severe hemorrhage, but a minimal increase in permeability following endotoxin. PMID- 7037716 TI - Influence of upper airway pressure changes on genioglossus muscle respiratory activity. AB - The effects of change in pharyngeal airway pressure on electromyographic (EMG) activity of a pharyngeal dilating muscle (genioglossus) were investigated in 20 anesthetized rabbits. In vagotomized animals, upper airway loading maneuvers (nasal occlusion) increased the peak inspiratory activity of the genioglossus (GG) muscle on the first occluded breath. In contrast, "unloading" maneuvers (switching from nose to tracheostomy breathing) decreased GG activity. To further characterize the GG response, sustained pressure changes were produced within the isolated upper airway. Negative pressure increased GG activity; positive pressure decreased it. A poststimulus effect consisting of increased GG activity compared with control was seen following both negative- and positive-pressure stimuli. Cyclical pressure changes applied to the isolated upper airway increased the GG activity. These observations indicate the presence of reflex pathways that regulate GG muscle activity in response to upper airway pressure loads. This reflex system appears to play a role in regulating GG activity during tidal breathing and could be important in ensuring pharyngeal airway patency. PMID- 7037717 TI - Psychosis during adolescence. A review. AB - All indicators of emotional illness rise sharply during adolescence including the utilization of outpatient psychiatric clinics and hospitalizations for psychiatric illness and suicide. Psychoses secondary to drug ingestion, manic depressive illness, and schizophrenia are not uncommon. This paper reviews the various forms of psychoses during adolescence. Special emphasis is on the diagnosis and treatment of adolescent schizophrenia, the most common psychosis in this developmental period. PMID- 7037718 TI - Oral contraceptives and depression: impact, prevalence and cause. AB - One million American adolescents are currently using oral contraceptives. Sixty percent of those beginning the pill discontinue its use within a year. Concern that mood change might be contributing to the decision to stop the pill prompted a review of the literature on the association between oral contraceptive use and depression. Trends in adolescent pregnancy, contraceptive use, and compliance are discussed in the first section. In the second, 12 clinical studies are analyzed. Because there are no studies of mood change and oral contraceptive use in adolescents, some data from adults are presented. Biochemical theories to explain an association between oral contraceptive use and depression are discussed in section three. Nine of the 12 clinical studies reported depression in 16-56% of women using oral contraceptives. Three studies found no association between oral contraceptive use and depression. The major problems found in the clinical trials were selection bias, poor assessment of pre-therapeutic mood state and unclear definition or measurement of depression. Current biochemical research suggests that oral contraceptives induce tryptophan oxygenase, which leads to pyridoxine deficiency in some women. However, the use of pyridoxine to prevent or treat depression in women taking oral contraceptives requires further study. PMID- 7037719 TI - Bovine mastitis: antimicrobial resistance patterns. AB - Resistance to 15 antimicrobials was determined for Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus in 302, 370, and 344 samples. respectively, from cases of bovine mastitis, The degree of association of resistance for all 2-way combinations of antimicrobials was calculated for each organism. Significantly high and low associations were reported. An association greater than 1 indicated an increased probability of resistance to the 2nd antimicrobial of a 2-way combination, whereas an association less than 1 indicated a low probability of resistance to the 2nd antimicrobial. PMID- 7037720 TI - Type C toxicoinfectious botulism in a foal. PMID- 7037721 TI - Copper toxicosis in sheep. PMID- 7037722 TI - Epoxypeptide antibiotic tetaine mimics peptides in transport to bacteria. AB - Tetaine induced the lysis of Escherichia coli cells. Several di- and tripeptides were found to protect this cells against tetaine action. Certain peptides are able to diminish the inhibition by tetaine of diaminopimelic acid incorporation into peptidoglycan and the extent of this corresponds to the protection of the cells against the tetaine-induced lysis. The data indicate that tetaine enters E. coli cells predominantly by dipeptide permease and in part by one or more oligopeptide permease system. A number of di- and tripeptides diminished the inhibitory effect of tetaine on the incorporation of lysine into peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus Oxford. In contrast to E. coli, tetaine seems to be transported into S. aureus by a single transport system. PMID- 7037723 TI - A rapid visual test to characterize cholera vibrios. PMID- 7037724 TI - The potassium iodide method for determining protection factors in open-fronted microbiological safety cabinets. PMID- 7037726 TI - A refinement in mechanized plating. PMID- 7037725 TI - A comparison of methods to measure operator protection factors in open-fronted microbiological safety cabinets. PMID- 7037727 TI - Aminoglycoside uptake and mode of action-with special reference to streptomycin and gentamicin. II. Effects of aminoglycosides on cells. PMID- 7037728 TI - Enhancement of activity of metronidazole by Escherichia coli under sub-optimal anaerobic conditions. PMID- 7037729 TI - A rapid single colony lysate method for the selective visualization of plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae, including Serratia marcescens. PMID- 7037730 TI - A simplified quenching fluoroimmunoassay for gentamicin and the effects of some potential interfering factors. PMID- 7037731 TI - The influence of food on the absorption of antimicrobial agents. PMID- 7037732 TI - Comparison of routine techniques for cell breakage and release of beta-lactamase activity. PMID- 7037733 TI - Mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycosides in clinical isolates. PMID- 7037734 TI - beta-Lactamases and their clinical significance. PMID- 7037735 TI - beta-Lactam antibiotics in the newborn. PMID- 7037736 TI - Effect of Sch 29482 on Gram-negative bacteria in broth, serum and in combination with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 7037738 TI - Regulation of purE transcription in a purE::lac fusion strain of Escherichia coli. AB - A purE::lac fusion strain was isolated by using a special Mu phage developed by M. Casadaban. In the presence of adenine (100 micrograms/ml), beta-galactosidase synthesis was repressed by greater than 90%. beta-Galactosidase activity could be detected 6 to 8 min after the removal of adenine and increased linearly for at least 20 min. purR- mutants were isolated and synthesized 1.7- to 1.8-fold-higher levels of beta-galactosidase compared with purR+ cells. Azaserine derepressed purE transcription approximately 1.7-fold by lowering purine nucleotide pools. Glutamine and pyrimidine supplementation or starvation had no effect on purE transcription. A comparison of the rate of de novo purine biosynthesis and purE transcription indicated that the in vivo rate of de novo purine biosynthesis was more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of adenine than was transcription at the purE locus. PMID- 7037737 TI - Subcellular distribution of various proteases in Escherichia coli. AB - It has been reported recently that Escherichia coli cells contain eight distinct soluble enzymes capable of degrading proteins to acid-soluble material. Two are metalloproteases that degrade [125I]insulin but not larger proteins: protease Pi, which is identical to protease III, is restricted to the periplasm, and protease Ci is restriction to the cytoplasm. The six others (named Do, Re, Mi, Fa, So, and La, which is the ATP-dependent protease) are serine proteases that degrade [14C]globin and [3H]casein, but not insulin. One of these (Mi) is localized to the periplasm, and one (Re) is distributed equally between the two cellular fractions. The others are present only in the cytoplasm. PMID- 7037739 TI - Isolation of a maltase structural gene from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. AB - The maltase structural gene MAL6 of the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis has been cloned by transformation of a maltose nonfermenting recipient strain with autonomously replicating chimeric recombinant plasmids. One recombinant plasmid, pMAL26, was shown by positive hybridization translation, as well as by Southern and Northern blot experiments, to carry the MAL6 structural gene. PMID- 7037740 TI - Repression of cytosine deaminase by pyrimidines in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The synthesis of cytosine deaminase in Salmonella typhimurium is repressed by pyrimidines. This repression is mediated by both a uridine and a cytidine compound, indicating a distinct difference in the regulation of synthesis of cytosine deaminase from the regulation of the de novo pyrimidine pathway enzymes. A salvage role for the enzyme in pyrimidine metabolism is postulated. PMID- 7037741 TI - The B66.0 protein of Escherichia coli is the product of the dnaK+ gene. AB - B66.0 is one of the most abundant proteins of Escherichia coli. Its relative rate of synthesis is highly regulated depending on temperature and the growth rate of the culture. We identified the B66.0 protein to be the dnaK+ structural gene product since dnaK756 mutant bacteria synthesized a B66.0 protein with a more acidic isoelectric point. PMID- 7037742 TI - Initiation of yeast sporulation of partial carbon, nitrogen, or phosphate deprivation. AB - In this paper we show that partial deprivation of a carbon source, a nitrogen source, or phosphate in the presence of all other nutrients needed for growth initiates meiosis and sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae homothallic strain Y55. For carbon deprivation experiments, cells were grown in synthetic medium (pH 5.5) containing an excess of one carbon source and then transferred to the same medium containing different concentrations of the same carbon source. In the case of transfer to different acetate concentrations, the log optical density at 600 nm increased at the previous rate until the cells had used up all of the acetate, whereupon the cells entered a stationary phase and did not sporulate. The same was observed with ethanol. In contrast, at different concentrations of dihydroxy acetone or pyruvate, cells grew at different rates and sporulated optimally at intermediate concentrations (50 to 75 mM). The response to galactose was similar but reflected the presence of a low-affinity galactose transport system and the induction of a high-affinity galactose transport system. Cells could also sporulate when a glucose medium ran out of glucose, apparently because they initiated sporulation during the subsequent lag period and then used the produced ethanol as a carbon source. For phosphate deprivation experiments, cells growing with excess ethanol or pyruvate and phosphate were transferred to the same medium containing limiting amounts of phosphate. First, they used up the intracellular phosphate reserves for rapid growth, and then they sporulated optimally when an intermediate concentration (30 muM) of phosphate had been added to the medium. For nitrogen deprivation experiments, cells grown with excess acetate, ethanol, or pyruvate and NH(4) (+) were transferred to the same medium from which all nitrogen had been removed. These cells sporulated well in acetate medium but poorly in ethanol and pyruvate media. However, the sporulation frequency in the latter media could be increased greatly by adding intermediate concentrations (1 mM) of the slowly metabolizable amino acids glycine, histidine, or phenylalanine. If one assumes that the sporulation response to partial deprivation of carbon-, nitrogen-, or phosphorus-containing compounds reflects control by a single metabolite, the intracellular concentration of this metabolite may decide at the START position (G1 phase) of the cell cycle whether a/alpha cells enter mitosis or meiosis. PMID- 7037743 TI - Genetic and biochemical analyses of pantothenate biosynthesis in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Pantothenate (pan) auxotrophs of Escherichia coli K-12 and Salmonella typhimurium LT2 were characterized by enzymatic and genetic analyses. The panB mutants of both organisms and the pan-6 ("panA") mutant of S. typhimurium are deficient in ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase, whereas the panC mutants lack pantothenate synthetase. panD mutants of E. coli K-12 were previously shown to be deficient in aspartate 1-decarboxylase. All mutants showed only a single enzyme defect. The finding that the pan-6 mutant was deficient in ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase indicates that the genetic lesion is a panB allele. The pan-6 mutant therefore is deficient in the utilization of alpha-ketoisovalerate rather than the synthesis of alpha-ketoisovalerate, as originally proposed. The order of the pan genes of E. coli K-12 was determined by phage P1-mediated three factor crosses. The clockwise order was found to be aceF panB panD panC tonA on the genetic map of E. coli K-12. The three-factor crosses were greatly facilitated by use of a closely linked Tn10 transposon as the outside marker. We also found that supplementation of E. coli K-12 auxotrophs with a high concentration of pantothenate or beta-alanine increased the intracellular coenzyme A level two- to threefold above the normal level. Supplementation with pantoate or ketopantoate resulted in smaller increases. PMID- 7037744 TI - Oxidation of naphthalene by a multicomponent enzyme system from Pseudomonas sp. strain NCIB 9816. AB - The initial reactions in the oxidation of naphthalene by Pseudomonas sp. strain NCIB 9816 involves the enzymatic incorporation of one molecule of oxygen into the aromatic nucleus to form (+)-cis-(1R,2S)-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene. The enzyme catalyzing this reaction, naphthalene dioxygenase, was resolved into three protein components, designated A, B, and C, by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Incubation of naphthalene with components A, B, and C in the presence of NADH resulted in the formation of (+)-cis-(1R,2S)-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene. The ratio of oxygen and NADH utilization to product formation was 1:1:1. NADPH also served as an electron donor for naphthalene oxygenation. However, its activity was less than 50% of that observed with NADH. Component A showed NAD(P)H cytochrome c reductase activity which was stimulated by the addition of flavin adenine dinucleotide and flavin mononucleotide. A similar stimulation was observed when these flavin nucleotides were added to the naphthalene dioxygenase assay system. These preliminary observations indicate that naphthalene dioxygenase has properties in common with both monooxygenase and dioxygenase multicomponent enzyme systems. PMID- 7037745 TI - Powerful mutator activity of the polA1 mutation within the histidine region of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - We examined 122 spontaneous histidine auxotrophs accumulated in overnight cultures of polA1 strains of Escherichia coli K-12 at approximate frequencies of 10(-3). One hundred and thirteen appeared to be minus frameshifts, and nine appeared to be deletions. Of the frameshift mutations, 109 affected the hisC gene, and 4 affected genes hisD, hisH, hisA, and hisI. The lack of base substitutions supported the idea that polymerase-defective polA is a minus frameshift- and deletion-type mutator. Contrary to a previous report, we did not observe superior growth of PolA auxotrophs over their prototrophic progenitors (15 auxotrophs tested). We conclude that the polA1 mutation exerts a powerful mutator activity in this specific genetic context. PMID- 7037746 TI - Fusions of flagellar operons to lactose genes on a mu lac bacteriophage. AB - Previous studies have defined 29 genes necessary for synthesis of the Escherichia coli flagellar apparatus. This study analyzed the transcriptional control of flagellar genes, using Mu d (Apr lac) phage to generate flagellar mutants by insertion. These mutants contained operon fusions of flagellar genes to the lac genes of the Mu d phage and allowed the measurement of flagellar operon expression by detection of beta-galactosidase activity. These fusion mutants expressed the enzyme activity constitutively, and an autogenous regulation mechanism was not revealed. Lambda transducing phages carrying these chromosomal fla-lac fusions were also isolated and used to examine the effect of different fla mutations on expression of each flagellar operon. The results showed that flagellar operons are divided into six classes; (class 1) the flbB operon, which controls all of the other flagellar operons; (class 2) the flaU and flbC operons, which are controlled by the flbB operon gene products and are not required for the expression of other Fla operons; (class 3) the flbA, flaG, flaD, flaN, flaB, and flaA operons, which are under flbB operon control and are required for the expression of other fla operons; (class4) the flaZ operon, which is controlled by the gene products of the group 1 and 3 operons and is required for hag transcription; (class 5) the mocha and flaS operons, which are controlled by the gene products of the group 1 and 3 operons; and (class 6) the hag operon. These results are discussed with respect to the possible assembly sequence of the fla gene products. PMID- 7037747 TI - Intragenic complementation by the nifJ-coded protein of Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - A single mutation, nifC1005 (Jin et al. Sci. Sin. 23:108-118, 1980), located between nifH and nifJ in the nif cluster of Klebsiella pneumoniae, genetically complemented mutations in each of the 17 known nif genes. This suggested that the mutation is located in a new nif gene. We showed by complementation analyses that only 3 of 12 nifJ mutations tested were complemented by nifC1005. Nitrogenase activity in cell extracts of the mutant with nifC1005 as well as NifJ- mutants was stimulated by the addition of the iron-molybdenum cofactor or nitrogenase component I. The molecular weight of the native NifJ protein is approximately 257,000--a dimer of identical subunits. Some nifC-/nifJ- or nifJ-/nifJ- merodiploids produced active but unstable nifJ proteins. Fine-structure mapping placed the nifC1005 allele within the nifJ gene bounded on both sides by well characterized nifJ mutations. This indicates that the nifC1005 does not define a separate gene from nifJ. The data are consistent with the occurrence of intragenic complementation between two defective nifJ polypeptides. This explains the isolated examples of genetic complementation between the nifC1005 mutation and certain nifJ mutations. PMID- 7037749 TI - Resident enhanced repair: novel repair process action on plasmid DNA transformed into Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The survival of UV-irradiated DNA of plasmid NTP16 was monitored after its transformation into recipient cells containing an essentially homologous undamaged plasmid, pLV9. The presence of pLV9 resulted in a substantial increase in the fraction of damaged NTP16 molecules which survived in the recipient cells. This enhanced survival requires the host uvrA+ and uvrB+ gene products, but not the host recA+ gene product. The requirement for both homologous DNA and the uvrA+ and uvrB+ gene products suggests that a novel repair process may act on plasmid DNA. Possible mechanisms for this process are considered. PMID- 7037748 TI - The catabolite-sensitive promoter for the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene is preceded by two binding sites for the catabolite gene activator protein. AB - DNase I protection experiments have indicated that the cyclic AMP-catabolite gene activator protein complex binds to two regions preceding the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene in Escherichia coli. One of these lies adjacent to the RNA polymerase binding site, whereas the second lies approximately 130 base pairs upstream from the starting point of transcription. Additional DNase protection experiments and in vitro transcription experiments with modified templates indicate that the catabolite gene activator protein site proximal to the cat promoter functions independently of the distal site, indicating that in vitro the second of these sites is not required for transcriptional activation of the cat gene. PMID- 7037750 TI - Phenotypic expression of mutations in a wide-host-range R plasmid in Escherichia coli and Rhizobium meliloti. AB - Eight different derivatives of R plasmid RP1 with thermosensitive mutations affecting maintenance in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were introduce into Rhizobium meliloti. None of the plasmids showed a thermosensitive character in R. meliloti. On the other hand, a certain deletion mutation in RP1 was found to cause plasmid instability in rhizobia and agrobacteria, but not in E. coli. PMID- 7037751 TI - Molecular weight and amino acid composition of a thermostable lytic endopeptidase. AB - A thermostable lytic endopeptidase from Bacillus stearothermophilus 1503-4R was purified 14,500-fold, with a 34% recovery of lytic activity. The enzyme is a basic protein (pI, 9.7) with a molecular weight of 15,100 and is composed of approximately 129 amino acid residues. PMID- 7037752 TI - Gene cpxA is a new addition to the linkage map of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The cpxA gene of E. coli K-12 lies between genes glpK and tpi, closely linked to the latter at 87.8 min on the linkage map. Since no other gene has been mapped in this interval, cpxA is a new addition to the linkage map. PMID- 7037753 TI - The product of the lexC gene of Escherichia coli is single-stranded DNA-binding protein. AB - Extracts from lexC113 cells could not support phage G4 DNA-dependent replication unless supplemented with single-stranded DNA-binding protein. Purified lexC113 binding protein supported synthesis in a reconstituted replication assay, using purified proteins at 30 but not at 42 degrees C, indicating that the product of the lexC113 gene is an altered single-stranded DNA-binding protein. PMID- 7037754 TI - Altered expression of biodegradative threonine dehydratase in Escherichia coli mutants. AB - A number of strains of Escherichia coli K-12 failed to synthesize significant amounts of biodegradative threonine dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.16) when grown anaerobically in tryptone-yeast extract medium, a condition which is optimal for the induction of this enzyme. However, the addition of 10 mM potassium nitrate to the culture medium enabled a few of these strains, notably MB201, to induce the enzyme. An examination of the kinetic parameters, modifier sensitivity, and immunological cross-reactivity revealed that the enzyme produced by MB201 in nitrate-supplemented medium appeared indistinguishable from the dehydratase of a wild-type strain. The reduced expression of threonine dehydratase in MB201 appeared highly specific; the synthesis of two other inducible enzymes, D-serine deaminase and tryptophanase, and two "anaerobic" proteins, namely, fumarate reductase and cytochrome c551, remained unaffected. The mutation (tdcI) responsible for the altered expression of the dehydratase in MB201 was located at min 91 on the E. coli chromosome and appeared to tightly linked to if not identical with pgi, the gene encoding phosphoglucose isomerase, as judged by growth experiments on glucose and fructose, direct assay of phosphoglucose isomerase activity, spontaneous and simultaneous reversion of MB201 (tdcI) to TdcI+ and Pgi+ phenotype, and cosegregation of the two loci during transduction with P1 phage. Because not all strains lacking the dehydratase showed nitrate dependent enzyme synthesis or had lesions at the pgi locus, it appears that mutations at multiple loci on the E. coli chromosome may influence the expression of the enzyme in vivo. PMID- 7037755 TI - Anxiety: differential diagnosis and treatment from a biologic perspective. PMID- 7037756 TI - A controlled comparison of trimipramine and amitriptyline. AB - Depressed patients seen in a private psychiatric practice (N = 41) were randomly assigned to receive trimipramine or amitriptyline over a study period of at least 4 weeks. Patients in both groups showed significant improvement over time on measures of mood and depression, and on psychological scales. Only one variable, the global improvement rating, showed a significant overall between-groups difference, which favored amitriptyline treatment. This difference may reflect the presence of significantly less baseline symptomatology in the amitriptyline group. Trimipramine patients were more seriously ill on initial diagnosis and showed significantly more improvement at week 2 than amitriptyline patients and a trend toward fewer side effects. Thus, trimipramine may be useful for patients particularly sensitive to side effects in whom evidence of early response is important. PMID- 7037757 TI - Psychopharmacological correlates of post-psychotic depression: a double-blind investigation of haloperidol vs thiothixene in outpatient schizophrenia. AB - A 24-week double-blind study was conducted to compare haloperidol and thiothixene for efficacy and safety in 46 schizophrenic outpatients. In addition to the standard psychiatric rating scales, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE), and Evaluation of Social Functioning Rating (ESFR), two scales more sensitive to the incidence of treatment emergent depression were utilized. They were the Hamilton Depression Scale (HPRSD) and the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (ZUNG). On the BPRS factors, haloperidol was significantly superior to thiothixene in Thought Disturbance and Hostility-Suspiciousness, and in Total symptomatology. Haloperidol was also significantly superior to thiothixene in Cognitive Disturbance on the HPRSD. Results of global evaluations suggested haloperidol produced slightly more rapid relief of symptoms than did thiothixene. The inclusion of the depression scales was useful in following patients who exhibited depressive symptoms; clinically significant depression was seen in 5 patients receiving haloperidol and 3 receiving thiothixene. A high incidence of akathisia in the thiothixene group was responsible for a statistically significant difference between groups in the number of central nervous system symptoms. Mean doses of test drugs were 17.5 mg/day for haloperidol an 31.8 mg/day for thiothixene. The study showed that haloperidol was equal to and in some parameters superior to thiothixene in producing improvement in the symptoms of psychosis. PMID- 7037758 TI - Viloxazine HCl in the treatment of endogenous depression: a standard (imipramine) controlled clinical study. AB - In a four week, double-blind clinical trial, 20 patients with endogenous depression were randomly assigned to treatment with either viloxazine or imipramine. Statistically significant improvement was observed on the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scales for Depression and Anxiety for both treatment groups. There were no differences between the two treatment groups in the type, incidence, or severity of treatment emergent symptoms. No medication-related abnormalities in clinical laboratory values occurred in either treatment group. PMID- 7037759 TI - Study of asialogangliosides on surface membranes of rat bone marrow cells and macrophages. AB - The presence of asialogangliosides on membrane surfaces of rat bone marrow cells and macrophages was studied by an immunological method using anti-glycolipid antibodies with high specificity. The antibodies against N acetylgalactosaminyl(beta 1-4)galactosyl(beta 1-4)glucosylceramide (GA2), galactosyl(beta 1-3)N-acetylgalactosaminyl(beta 1-4)galactosyl(beta 1 4)glucosylceramide (GA1) and fucosyl(alpha 1-2)galactosyl(beta 1-3)N acetylgalactosaminyl(beta 1-4)galactosyl(beta 1-4)glucosylceramide (Fuco-GA1) were prepared, and used for cytotoxicity testing and indirect staining by the immunofluorescence technique. In the cytotoxicity test, approximately 40-50% of rat intraperitoneal macrophages were killed by each of the anti-glycolipid antisera. This finding was confirmed by the indirect immunofluorescence staining method with the purified anti-GA2, anti-GA1, and also anti-Fuco-GA1 IgG. When a rat was preimmunized with bovine serum albumin, all macrophages induced in ascites fluid were found to possess GA1 by the staining method. Immature granulocytes were stained specifically with the anti-GA2 antibody. Granulocytes, myelocytes, and megakaryocytes were stained with the anti-GA1 antibody. Blastic myelocytes were stained with the anti-Fuco-GA1 IgG, but lymphocytes were not stained with any of these anti-asialoganglioside antibodies. From these observations, free-type cells such as macrophages and bone marrow cells were found to possess asialogangliosides as membrane components. PMID- 7037760 TI - Steric course of deuterium incorporation from [2-2H2]malonyl-CoA into fatty acids by fatty acid synthetases. AB - The steric course of the enoyl reduction catalyzed by fatty acid synthetase was investigated with the enzymes from bakers' yeast, rat liver and Brevibacterium ammoniagenes. The non-enzymic hydrogen-deuterium exchange of the methylene group of malonyl-CoA was studied by NMR spectroscopy. The half-life period of the methylene protons was 4.8 min at 37 degrees C and 12.2 min at 23 degrees C at p2H 7.5. Deuterium-labeled fatty acids were synthesized by incubating the synthetases with [2-2H2]malonyl-CoA for 8 min. The deuterium-labeled fatty acids thus produced were extracted and subjected to the action of acyl-CoA oxidase, which had been previously shown to catalyze the anti elimination of the pro-2R and pro 3R hydrogens of acyl-CoA. The resulting products, 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoAs, were methylated and converted to 3-chlorofatty acid methyl esters by addition of hydrogen chloride. The deuterium contents of saturated fatty acids and 3 chlorofatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The oleic acid produced by the enzyme from B. ammoniagenes was oxidized to nonanoic acid and azelaic acid. The resulting nonanoic acid was also subjected to the action of acyl-CoA oxidase. The deuterium contents of nonanoic acid and trans-2 nonenoic acid were analyzed. The results suggested that fatty acid synthetase from yeast and rat liver incorporated hydrogen from water via a 2-Si attack and the enzyme from B. ammoniagenes incorporated hydrogen via a 2-Re attack during enoyl reduction. The partial racemization of the C-2 position was observed and the magnitude of this racemization was correlated with the deuterium content of synthesized fatty acids. This phenomenon may be attributed to the non stereospecific hydrogen exchange of the C-2 position of the elongating acyl residue catalyzed by fatty acid synthetases. PMID- 7037761 TI - Kinetical properties of the serum mannan-binding protein from rabbit. A comparison with those of the liver mannan-binding protein. AB - A serum lectin specific for mannose and N-acetylglucosamine residues (serum mannan-binding protein) was characterized as a glycine-rich protein of large molecular size. Binding of the lectin to 125I-labeled mannan was a reversible and saturable process with a dissociation constant of 2.3 X 10(-9) M and a maximum capacity of 3.6 pmol of 125I-labeled mannan per microgram of protein. alpha Mannosidase, a lysosomal enzyme isolated from porcine kidney, bound to the lectin with high affinity (Kd = 2.8 X 10(-9) M). These kinetical parameters are compared with those of the liver mannan-binding protein in a discussion of the interrelationship of these two lectins. PMID- 7037762 TI - The phosphatidylinositol cycle in WRK-1 cells. Evidence for a separate, hormone sensitive phosphatidylinositol pool. AB - Using the vasopressin-sensitive rat mammary tumor cell line, WRK-1, we examined conditions under which vasopressin was able to stimulate turnover of prelabeled, radioactive phosphatidylinositol. Only cells which had been preincubated with 32Pi in the presence of hormone were able to subsequently respond to the hormone by increased loss of radioactivity from phosphatidylinositol. In addition, in experiments performed with uniformly labeled cells, we estimated that the hormone sensitive phosphatidylinositol accounted for 17% of the total cellular phosphatidylinositol. Implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7037763 TI - The mechanism of progesterone-glucocorticoid interaction in regulation of casein gene expression. PMID- 7037764 TI - The isolation and partial characterization of chondronectin, an attachment factor for chondrocytes. AB - We have previously demonstrated that the adhesion of embryonic chick sternal chondrocytes to a type II-collagen substrate is not mediated by fibronectin but rather by a distinct attachment factor which we have named chondronectin. Here we describe the isolation, properties, and biological activity of chondronectin prepared from chicken serum. Chondronectin is shown to be a glycoprotein with an estimated Mr = 180,000. After reduction, it migrates as subunits of Mr = 70,000. Antibodies directed against chondronectin inhibited the attachment of chondrocytes to type II collagen. Chondronectin is immunologically distinct from either fibronectin or laminin. Immunofluorescence studies on frozen sections of embryonic chick sternal cartilage and of cultured sternal chondrocytes showed that chondronectin is cell-associated rather than a major matrix component. PMID- 7037765 TI - Biosynthesis of (+/-)-alpha-pinene and (-)-beta-pinene from geranyl pyrophosphate by a soluble enzyme system from sage (Salvia officinalis). PMID- 7037766 TI - The binding of transfer ribonucleic acids to 5 S and 5.8 S eukaryotic ribosomal ribonucleic acid-protein complexes. AB - Rat liver 5 S and 5.8 S rRNAs were oxidized with periodate and the 3' termini were coupled to Sepharose 4B through an adipic acid dihydrazide spacer. Ribosomal proteins were passed through the nucleic acid affinity columns to form ribonucleoprotein complexes containing the nucleic acid and the proteins that bind to it (5 S . L6, L7, L19; and 5.8 S . L6, L19, S9, S13). Pure isoaccepting species of yeast initiator-tRNA (tRNAfMet) and elongator-tRNAs (tRNAmMet, and tRNAPhe) were chromatographed on the ribosomal ribonucleoprotein affinity columns. The three rRNAs were bound to the 5 S and 5.8 S ribosomal ribonucleoprotein complexes. The elongation and initiation ternary complexes, EF 1 alpha . GTP . Phe-tRNAPhe, and eIF-2 . GTP . Met-tRNAfMet, also were bound to both ribosomal ribonucleoprotein affinity columns, whereas the binary complex EF 1 alpha . GTP and puromycin were not. PMID- 7037767 TI - Escherichia coli dam methylase. Physical and catalytic properties of the homogeneous enzyme. PMID- 7037768 TI - A unified mechanism for the nuclease and unwinding activities of the recBC enzyme of Escherichia coli. AB - Using a gentle method to prepare complexes of duplex DNA and the recBC enzyme for electron microscopy, structures not seen previously were observed to be associated with the double strand DNA exonuclease activity of the enzyme. These were terminal forms and loop + tail(s) structures. Both individual terminal single-stranded tails and single-stranded regions within duplexes were also observed. Observation of the terminal single-stranded structures present after various reaction conditions and after various potentially disruptive treatments helped to identify those structures which might represent true reaction intermediates. Based on these results and those of previous studies, a modified model for the mechanism of recBC enzyme action on double-stranded, linear DNA is proposed. PMID- 7037769 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of puromycin binding on the large subunit of the Escherichia coli ribosome. AB - Ribosomes from Escherichia coli strain Q13 have been photoaffinity labeled with [3H]puromycin in the presence of tetracycline. Puromycin-modified 50 S subunits appear to be identical with untreated subunits in electron micrographs and are precipitated by antibodies to the N6,N6'dimethyladenosine moiety of puromycin. Electron micrographs of subunit-antibody complexes show ribosomal subunits to which an individual antibody molecule is bound and pairs of subunits linked by an IgG molecule. Two regions of puromycin binding have been identified. The primary area, seen in 76% of the ribosome monomer complexes and 93% of the antibody linked dimers, is beside (or on) the small central protuberance and on the side opposite the L7/L12 arm. A secondary area, maximally distant from the central protuberance, is seen in 22% of the monomeric complexes but only 7% of the antibody-linked dimers. In conjunction with our earlier localization of puromycin binding on the 30 S subunit (Olson, H. M., Grant, P. G., Glitz, D. G., and Cooperman, B. S. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77, 890-894), we now define a puromycin-binding neighborhood of the 70 S ribosome. In addition to providing evidence for the localization of the peptidyl transferase center within the 50 S subunit, our results contribute to the formulation of a model for tRNA binding to both 30 S subunits and 70 S ribosomes. PMID- 7037770 TI - Purification and characterization of DNA polymerase III'. Identification of tau as a subunit of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. AB - DNA polymerase III', a new form of DNA polymerase III, has been purified 15,000 fold to 90% homogeneity from an Escherichia coli K12 strain. DNA polymerase III's is a subassembly of four subunits of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme; it has functional and physical properties intermediate between the core DNA polymerase III and holoenzyme. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis performed under denaturing conditions indicates DNA polymerase III' to be a complex of the alpha, epsilon, and theta subunits of DNA polymerase III and a newly assigned subunit of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, tau (Mr = 83,000). Both gel filtration and phosphocellulose chromatography separate DNA polymerase III from DNA polymerase III'. All enzyme forms can utilize a duplex template containing short gaps. DNA polymerase III', like the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, can synthesize DNA on a long single-stranded template in the presence of 5 mM spermidine; DNA polymerase III cannot. Alone, DNA polymerase III' is inert in the G4 natural replicative system in which the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is active. Molecular weight and subunit stoichiometry determinations suggest that DNA polymerase III' contains two units of core DNA polymerase III and two tau subunits. PMID- 7037771 TI - Biosynthesis of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase in saccharomyces cerevisiae. Precursor form of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase made in the cytoplasm. PMID- 7037772 TI - Isolation and amino acid sequence of a monomeric hemoglobin in heart muscle of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. AB - A monomeric heme-containing protein was isolated from heart muscles of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 followed by DE52 ion-exchange column chromatography. The protein is composed of 132 amino acid residues and has Mr = 14,000 estimated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50. This is the shortest heme globin so far known. The complete amino acid sequence of the apoprotein was deduced from the amino acid sequences of cyanogen bromide fragments and tryptic peptides. In order to align its amino acid sequence with other proteins in the globin superfamily (Hunt, L. T., Hurst-Calderone, S., and Dayhoff, M. O. (1978) Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, Vol. 5, Suppl. 3, 229-249, National Biomedical Research Foundation, Washington, D.C.), three gaps common to alpha-hemoglobin are required plus three more gaps unique in this protein. Of the latter, one is at the end of the EF region, the second near the beginning of the H-region, and the third is at the COOH terminus. With 62 amino acid residues in common, the amino acid sequence of this monomer is more homologous to the alpha-hemoglobin of the tadpole of R. catesbeiana (Maruyama, T., Watt, K. W. K., and Riggs, A. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 3285-3293), than to any other globin. A phylogenetic study of it and other globins clearly reveals that it arose via a gene duplication of hemoglobin near the time of the duplication that gave rise to the alpha and beta genes. But residues in contact with the heme group are rather conserved while the residues in the alpha 1 beta 1, alpha 1 beta 2 subunit contact regions are significantly substituted, frequently reverting to a myoglobin-like residue. The absence of this monomeric protein from the blood and the absence of myoglobin in heart muscle may indicate the protein functions as a myoglobin. PMID- 7037773 TI - Purification and properties of a periplasmic D-xylose-binding protein from Escherichia coli K-12. PMID- 7037774 TI - The role of amino acids in the regulation of protein synthesis in perfused rat liver. I. Reduction in rates of synthesis resulting from amino acid deprivation and recovery during flow-through perfusion. AB - The role of perfusate amino acid concentrations in regulating rates of protein synthesis was investigated using the perfused rat liver. Livers from fed rats were perfused with a nonrecirculating medium and the incorporation of [3H]leucine into albumin and total protein was determined under conditions where the leucyl tRNALeu and perfusate leucine specific activities were equal and constant. During perfusions of less than 1 h, rates of total protein synthesis were sensitive to the concentrations of amino acids in the perfusate. When no exogenous amino acids were provided, rates of synthesis of albumin and total protein were 40% of the maximal rates which were achieved when the medium was supplemented with 5 times the normal plasma concentrations of amino acids. However, rates of synthesis in livers perfused with amino acid-deficient medium rose with extension of the duration of perfusion to 95 min. The defect induced by amino acid deficiency did not appear to result from reductions in the charging of tRNA since no change in the quantities of amino acids bound to tRNA occurred in the amino acid-deficient perfusion. The recovery of protein synthesis with time was prevented by inhibitors of proteolysis suggesting a role for protein degradation in this phenomenon. PMID- 7037775 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of the group-specific antigen gene-encoded phosphorylated proteins of mouse leukemia viruses. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the group-specific antigen gene-encoded RNA binding phosphoprotein p12 has been determined for both Rauscher and Moloney leukemia viruses. Large fragments generated by acid, and cyanogen bromide and hydroxylamine cleavage, and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digestion were subjected to automated sequencing. Both Rauscher and Moloney p12 are composed of 84 amino acids arranged in alternating variable and conserved regions. The homology between the conserved internal and COOH-terminal regions is greater than 95%, but the NH2-terminal and internal variable regions show 59 and 51% homology, respectively. The role of such regions in the type-specific biological activities of these molecules is discussed. PMID- 7037776 TI - p-Aminobenzamidine as a fluorescent probe for the active site of serine proteases. AB - p-Aminobenzamidine is weakly fluorescent in neutral aqueous buffer, with excitation and emission maxima at 293 and 376 nm, respectively. Binding to trypsin results in a blue shift of the emission peak to 362 nm, and 50-fold fluorescence enhancement, while binding to thrombin causes a shift to 368 nm and a 230-fold fluorescence enhancement. This phenomenon is due to hydrophobic interactions, as evidenced by the similar properties observed when p aminobenzamidine is dissolved in solvents of decreasing polarity. The absorbance spectrum of p-aminobenzamidine is red-shifted by formation of a complex with proteases, with the major difference peak appearing at 317 nm and 323 nm for trypsin and thrombin, respectively. The difference extinction coefficients were 6000 M-1 cm-1 for trypsin complex and 13,300 M-1 cm-1 for thrombin complex at the peak wavelengths. Titration of trypsin and thrombin with the probe indicated one binding site per molecule, with dissociation constants equal to the kinetically determined inhibition constants. The KD values for trypsin and thrombin were 6.1 and 65 microM, respectively. An important potential use of this probe is in studies of inhibitor and substrate binding by rapid reaction kinetic techniques. Using this probe to study the interaction of thrombin with antithrombin III yielded a bimolecular rate constant of 8.0 x 10(3) M-1 s-1, which compares favorably with the value of 8.7 x 10(3) M-1 s-1 obtained from discontinuous assays of the rate of thrombin neutralization. PMID- 7037777 TI - Codon selection in yeast. AB - Extreme codon bias is seen for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes for the fermentative alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme I (ADH-I) and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase. Over 98% of the 1004 amino acid residues analyzed by DNA sequencing are coded for by a select 25 of the 61 possible coding triplets. These preferred codons tend to be highly homologous to the anticodons of the major yeast isoacceptor tRNA species. Codons which necessitate site by side GC base pairs between the codons and the tRNA anticodons are always avoided whenever possible. Codons containing 100% G, C, A, U, GC, or AU are also avoided. This provides for approximately equivalent codon-anticodon binding energies for all preferred triplets. All sequenced yeast genes show a distinct preference for these same 25 codons. The degree of preference varies from greater than 90% for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and ADH-I to less than 20% for iso-2 cytochrome c. The degree of bias for these 25 preferred triplets in each gene is correlated with the level of its mRNA in the cytoplasm. Genes which are strongly expressed are more biased than genes with a lower level of expression. A similar phenomenon is observed in the codon preferences of highly expressed genes in Escherichia coli. High levels of gene expression are well correlated with high levels of codon bias toward 22 of the 61 coding triplets. As in yeast, these preferred codons are highly complementary to the major cellular isoacceptor tRNA species. In at least four cases (Ala, Arg, Leu, and Val), these preferred E. coli codons are incompatible with the preferred yeast codons. PMID- 7037778 TI - Purification and properties of a mammalian tRNA pseudouridine synthase. AB - A tRNA pseudouridine synthase has been extensively purified from steer thymus extracts, using undermodified tRNA from hisT- mutants of Salmonella typhimurium as a substrate. The enzyme synthesizes a group of psi residues in the anticodon region of various hisT- isoacceptors and behaves like a eukaryotic homologue of Salmonella tRNA psi synthase I. The thymus enzyme requires a thiol and a monovalent cation (NH4+ or K+) for optimum activity; no energy sources or cofactors are required. The activity is inhibited by single tRNAs or bulk tRNA from all sources tested, and by ribosomal RNAs, various polyribonucleotides, and DNA. The enzyme modifies the two hisT- tRNAPhe isoacceptors, both tRNATyr acceptors and at least five of the tRNALeu isoacceptors to products that coelute with the respective wild type species on reverse-phase columns. With pure hisT- tRNA2Phe as substrate, the enzyme specifically converts residue U39 to psi. Interestingly, a psi residue is still present at position 32, in the anticodon loop of hisT- tRNA2Phe, indicating the existence of other uncharacterized pseudouridylation enzymes in S. typhimurium. These composite results show that the thymus enzyme can form psi at residues 38, 39, and 40 in the anticodon region of appropriate hisT- isoacceptors. During the enzyme purification, a second activity is partially resolved, which releases 3H from wild type S. typhimurium [pyrimidine-5-3H]tRNA. This activity may be associated with an enzyme that pseudouridylates sites that are uniquely modified in eukaryotic tRNAs, but not in Salmonella tRNAs. Our observations support the view that the psi residues in tRNA are synthesized by a family of enzymes, whose members act on uridine residues in specific regions of the molecule. PMID- 7037779 TI - Hydrolysis of GTP by elongation factor Tu can be induced by monovalent cations in the absence of other effectors. PMID- 7037780 TI - Temperature-sensitive yeast mutants deficient in asparagine-linked glycosylation. AB - A [3H]mannose suicide selection has been used to isolate mutants in yeast which contain temperature-sensitive defects in asparagine-linked glycosylation. The surviving cells were screened at the nonpermissive temperature for a decreased ability to incorporate [3H]mannose and for defects in glycosylation of the secreted protein invertase. One of these mutants (alg1-1) has been characterized and found to be blocked in the assembly of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor. The alg1-1 cells synthesize mannosyl compounds at 60% of the wild type level at the nonpermissive temperature and 105% of the wild type level at the permissive temperature. In vivo labeling experiments have demonstrated that alg1 1 cells are able to synthesize GlcNAc2-lipid but are unable to synthesize any mannose-containing oligosaccharide-lipids. This result was confirmed by in vitro labeling of yeast membranes. When incubated with UDP-[3H]GlcNAc, alg1-1 membranes synthesized GlcNAc2-lipid but failed to elongate it when GDP-Man was added. The alg1-1 membranes also failed to elongate exogenous GlcNAc2-lipid but were able to convert Man1GlcNAc2-lipid to Man5-Glc-NAc2-lipid in the presence of GDP-Man. These results indicate that the alg1-1 mutant is blocked specifically in the addition of the first mannose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor. PMID- 7037782 TI - Biosynthesis of cadaverine-containing peptidoglycan in Selenomonas ruminantium. AB - Cadaverine links covalently to the D-glutamic acid residue of the peptidoglycan in Selenomonas ruminantium, a strictly anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium (Kamio, Y., Itoh, Y., and Terawaki, Y (1981) J. Bacteriol. 146, 49-53). This report describes the enzymatic properties of the particulate enzyme preparation in S. ruminantium which catalyzes the addition of cadaverine to the alpha-carboxyl group of D-glutamic acid residue of the peptidoglycan. Incorporation of cadaverine into the peptidoglycan required UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu-meso-2,5 diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-D-Ala-D-Ala (UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide(DAP)), UDP-GlcNAc, and ATP. In addition, MgCl2 and cysteine stimulated the reaction. UDP-MurNAc pentapeptide(DAP) could not be substituted for UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala D-Ala as a precursor of cadaverine-containing peptidoglycan. GlcNAc-MurNAc pentapeptide(DAP)-lipid (disaccharide-pentapeptide(DAP)-lipid) prepared enzymatically acted as an immediate acceptor of cadaverine in an ATP-dependent reaction in which the alpha-carboxyl group of D-glutamic acid is covalently linked to cadaverine. The [14C]cadaverine-containing disaccharide pentapeptide(DAP)-lipid was isolated, and used for the synthesis of the peptidoglycan in the absence of cadaverine, ATP, UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide(DAP), and UDP-GlCNAc. The peptidoglycan formed in vitro in the absence of penicillin G was not cross-linked. PMID- 7037781 TI - Isolation and characterization of urokinase from human plasma. AB - The presence of activators of the fibrinolytic system in blood plasma has been assumed for a long time but never convincingly documented by the isolation of characterized and physiologically plausible enzymes. The low catalytic efficiency of previously identified plasma plasminogen activators, which has made their physiological significance uncertain, prompted us to search for other plasma enzymes, resembling especially the potent urinary activator, urokinase. We report here the detection of a urokinase-like activity in human plasma, and the isolation of the enzyme from whole plasma protein fractions. The purified enzyme is indistinguishable from the 53,000-dalton components of human urinary urokinase in the following respects: apparent Mr on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, double immunodiffusion, amino acid analysis, two-dimensional tryptic peptide maps, catalytic efficiency with synthetic peptide substrates, and inhibitor spectrum. The results suggest (a) that the enzyme is present in plasma in a latent form whose nature remains to be defined, and (b) that the circulating concentration is at least 5 to 10 microgram/liter, and sufficient to generate substantial levels of plasmin, particularly if activation were somehow confined by localization at specific sites. PMID- 7037783 TI - Reduction of cytochromes b6 and f in isolated plastoquinol-plastocyanin oxidoreductase driven by photochemical reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - Photochemical reaction centers isolated from the bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides are able to donate electrons to cytochromes b6 and f in the plastoquinol,-platocyanin oxidoreductase isolated from spinach chloroplasts. The reduction reactions occur only after the second single turnover flash, in a reaction which is sensitive to inhibitors of the reactions in the chloroplast membranes. When all the components of the b6f complex are oxidized prior to activation, both cytochromes b6 and f are reduced after the second flash. If cytochrome f is reduced prior to activation, cytochrome b6 is still reduced after the second flash, but as the potential is lowered so that the Rieske iron-sulfur cluster is reduced prior to activation, the reduction of cytochrome b6 fails. The b6f complex thus functions in such a way that a two-electron redox couple, probably a quinone, is capable of reducing both cytochrome b6 and cytochrome f, the latter via the Rieske iron-sulfur cluster, in a coupled reaction where both electrons must leave the two-electron carrier. Cytochrome b6 is thus reduced in a manner analogous to "oxidant-induced reduction." PMID- 7037784 TI - Glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase from cloned Escherichia coli purF. NH2-terminal amino acid sequence, identification of the glutamine site, and trace metal analysis. AB - Glutamine 5-phosphoribosylamine pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) was purified in large amounts from an Escherichia coli strain harboring a purF hybrid plasmid. Purified E. coli amidophosphoribosyltransferase lacks iron as well as other trace metals as determined by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was determined and is in agreement with that deduced from the DNA sequence. [6-14C] Diazo-5-oxo-norleucine (DON), an active site-directed affinity analog of glutamine, selectively inactivated the glutamine-dependent amidophosphoribosyltransferase. Inactivation was accompanied by incorporation of 1 eq of [6-14C]DON per enzyme subunit. A 10-residue cyanogen bromide peptide labeled by [6-14C]DON was isolated and sequenced. The NH2-terminal cysteine of amidophosphoribosyltransferase was determined to be the residue alkylated by [6 14C]DON. These results establish that the NH2-terminal cysteine is the active site residue required for the glutamine amide transfer function of the enzyme. The experiments reported in this and the preceding article (Tso, J. Y., Zalkin, H., van Cleemput, M., Yanofsky, C., and Smith, J. M. (1982) 257, 3525-3531) demonstrate the application of affinity labeling, rapid peptide purification by high pressure liquid chromatography, and nucleotide sequence determination of a structural gene to localize an amino acid residue, peptide fragment, or functional domain in a long protein chain. PMID- 7037785 TI - Some stereochemical features of aspartate beta-decarboxylase. AB - Aspartate beta-decarboxylase catalyzes abortive decarboxylation/transamination of [2-3H]aspartate with at least 17% internal transfer of tritium to the pro-S position at C-4' of the resulting pyridoxamine phosphate. In the normal beta decarboxylation reaction, at least 1.06% of the tritium from the alpha-position of aspartate appears in the product alanine. The enzyme catalyzes slow hydrogen exchange from the beta-position of alanine but not aspartate. The replacement of the beta-carboxyl group of aspartate by hydrogen occurs in an inversion mode. These results are interpreted in terms of a two-base mechanism. PMID- 7037786 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of amino acid-induced insulin release. Influence of a nonmetabolized analog of leucine on the metabolism of glutamine in pancreatic islets. AB - L-Glutamine causes a dose-related enhancement of insulin release evoked, in rat pancreatic islets, by the nonmetabolized analog of leucine, 2-aminobicyclo [2,2,1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH). The influence of BCH upon the metabolism of L-glutamine was investigated. In the islets exposed to L-glutamine, BCH decreased the deamidation of glutamine, but stimulated the oxidative deamination of glutamate, increased the rate of generation and islet content of 2 ketoglutarate, and augmented the oxidation of L-[U-14C]glutamine. BCH antagonized the sparing action of L-glutamine upon the oxidation of endogenous fatty acids. The stimulation of insulin release by the association of L-glutamine and BCH was commensurate with the estimated increase in O2 consumption and coincided with an increase in the islet NADPH/NADP+ ratio, net uptake of 45Ca, and cyclic AMP concentration. It is concluded that insulin release evoked by these amino acids is causally linked to an increase in catabolic fluxes, the secretagogues acting in the islet cells as a fuel (glutamine) or enzyme activator (BCH). PMID- 7037787 TI - On a domain structure of colicin E1. A COOH-terminal peptide fragment active in membrane depolarization. AB - A prolonged digestion of colicin E1 with dilute trypsin results in the generation of a trypsin-resistant peptide fragment of the colicin which is approximately one third of the molecule. The amino acid composition of the fragment, Mr = 20,000, is more nonpolar in nature than the colicin, with the major change in composition being the reduction of the arginine content from 25 residues in the Mr = 56,000 colicin molecule to approximately 1 residue in the fragment. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the tryptic fragment shows no similarity to that of colicin E1. Alignment of this sequence with the complete amino acid sequence of the colicin E1 molecule obtained by others, shows that the fragment occupies all, or almost all, of the COOH-terminal section of the molecule. The fragment behaved similarly to colicin E1, in being able to dissipate a potassium diffusion potential in unilamellar membrane vesicles made of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. The fragment was able to dissipate the diffusion potential above and below the temperature region (Tm = 23.5-24 degrees C) of the lipid phase transition in these vesicles, consistent with a channel-like function. The fragment did not show measurable binding to colicin receptor sites on the cell surface, but was much more efficient than colicin E1 in its ability to inhibit proline transport by inner membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli. These data imply that a membrane channel-forming function of the molecule is located in this 20,000 molecular weight region at the COOH-terminal end of the colicin molecule. PMID- 7037788 TI - Computer-generated models of blood coagulation factor Xa, factor IXa, and thrombin based upon structural homology with other serine proteases. AB - Computer-generated molecular models of the trypsin-like domains of blood coagulation factor IXa, Factor Xa, and thrombin have been prepared. These hypothetical models are based upon the sequence homology of the blood coagulation enzymes with the pancreatic serine proteases and the known three-dimensional structure of the pancreatic serine proteases. The internal structures and active sites of these enzymes are highly conserved. The high degree of substrate specificity which characterizes the blood coagulation enzymes appears to be defined not entirely by the active site, but by the unique molecular surface surrounding the active site of each enzyme. Several regions which demonstrate high sequence variability among these enzymes likely participate in forming the putative extended substrate binding sites. PMID- 7037789 TI - A fabric pouch for maintaining transducer and catheter terminations. AB - Management of the chronically instrumented animal is improved by enclosing the terminations of catheters and transducer wires in a subcutaneous nylon velour pouch. Six or more days after implantation, an opening is made into the pouch by removing a portion of the overlying skin; subsequent healing processes provide a satisfactory bond. Thereafter the leads can be extracted and replaced without need for anesthesia or dissection. Results in 35 animals (26 dogs and 9 monkeys) for intervals up to four months showed fibrous encapsulation was complete in 28 and partial in 7, with no mortality or significant morbidity attributable solely to the presence of the pouch. Gross and microscopic tissue examination indicated a localized foreign body reaction in response to the nylon fibers. The technique is especially useful in experimental protocols for which continuous restraint is undesirable, such as the chronically instrumented primate periodically exposed to environmental stress. PMID- 7037790 TI - Guy Alvin Caldwell, M.D. 1891-1981. PMID- 7037792 TI - Alton Ochsner (1896-1981). PMID- 7037791 TI - The haemodynamic effects of sodium nitroprusside following cardiopulmonary bypass: a clinical study. AB - Measurements of cardiac index were made in 18 patients (14 male and 4 female) preoperatively and thereafter during a 12-hour period immediately following coronary artery bypass grafting for stable angina pectoris. Patients with evidence of impaired left ventricular function were not included in the study. Individuals were allocated randomly to one of two groups. The first group received sodium nitroprusside as a constant, variable dose infusion during the post bypass study period (nitroprusside group). The second group received no nitroprusside (control group). The operative and postoperative management of these patients was otherwise identical. Following bypass, both groups showed a gradual drop in cardiac index with an associated increase in peripheral vascular resistance. In the control group, the mean cardiac index fell below the mean preoperative value. In the nitroprusside group, however, the mean cardiac index always remained above the mean preoperative level for the group, the differences between the groups being statistically highly significant at 1 1/2 hours postoperatively (p less than .005) and still significant at 3 hours postoperatively (p less than .05). The subsequent rise in cardiac index over the next 9 hours was more rapid in the nitroprusside treated patients and left ventricular function was better as demonstrated by a consistently higher mean cardiac index for any given left ventricular filling pressure. It is concluded that nitroprusside increases cardiac output and improves left ventricular function in the early postoperative period following cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7037793 TI - Role of proteoglycans in endochondral ossification: immunofluorescent localization of link protein and proteoglycan monomer in bovine fetal epiphyseal growth plate. AB - The hypothesis is widely held that, in growth plate during endochondral ossification, proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix of the lower hypertrophic zone are degraded by proteases and removed before mineralization, and that this is the mechanism by which a noncalcifiable matrix is transformed into a calcifiable matrix. We have evaluated this hypothesis by examining the immunofluorescent localization and concentrations of proteoglycan monomer core protein and link protein, and the concentrations of glycosaminoglycans demonstrated by safranin 0 staining, in the different zones of the bovine fetal cartilage growth plate. Monospecific antibodies were prepared to proteoglycan monomer core protein and to link protein. The immunofluorescent localization of these species was examined in decalcified and undecalcified sections containing the zones of proliferating and hypertrophic chondrocytes and in sections containing the zones of proliferating and hypertrophic chondrocytes and the metaphysis, decalcified in 0.5 M EDTA, pH 7.5, in the presence of protease inhibitors. Proteoglycan monomer core protein and link protein are demonstrable without detectable loss throughout the extracellular matrix of the longitudinal septa of the hypertrophic zone and in the calcified cartilage of the metaphysis. In fact, increased staining is observed in the calcifying cartilage. Contrary to the prevailing hypothesis, our results indicate that there is no net loss of proteoglycans during mineralization and that the proteoglycans become entombed in the calcified cartilage which provides a scaffolding on which osteoid and bone are formed. Proteoglycans appear to persist unaltered in the calcified cartilage core of the trabeculae, until at last the entire trabeculae are eroded from their surfaces and removed by osteoclasts, when the primary spongiosa is replaced by the secondary spongiosa. PMID- 7037794 TI - Ultrastructural localization of type V collagen in rat kidney. AB - Antibodies specific for the alpha 1 (V) chain and native collagen molecules containing the alpha 1 (V) chain have been used in electron immunohistochemical studies of rat kidney to determine the ultrastructural distribution of this class of collagen molecules. In addition, antibodies against type I collagen and whole basement membrane were used as markers for interstitial collagen and authentic basement membranes. Our results indicate that type V collagen is present in the renal interstitium in different forms: in close apposition to interstitial collagen fibers; in the stromal aspect of vascular basement membranes; and as particulate material not bound to other structures. On the basis of these findings, we postulate a binding or connecting function for this collagen type. PMID- 7037795 TI - Microtubules and beta cell function: effect of colchicine on microtubules and insulin secretion in vitro by mouse beta cells. AB - A monolayer culture system was developed to study the role of microtubules in insulin secretion. Cultured cells were obtained to study the role of microtubules in insulin secretion. Cultured cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion of pancreases from C57BL-KsJ mice 6-12 wk of age. On day 4 of culture, the medium was changed, control or treatment medium added, and frequent samples were removed for insulin assay. Microtubules and beta cells were identified by indirect immunofluorescence with monospecific antibodies to tubulin and insulin. An extensive microtubule network radiates from the perinuclear region of the beta cell to the plasma membrane. Although alterations in the calcium concentration of the medium did not affect the microtubule pattern, the absence of calcium or glucose in the medium inhibited insulin secretion (P less than 0.001). Optimum insulin release occurred at a calcium concentration of 2.5 mM. Colchicine, in concentrations of 10(-10) M, did not affect the microtubule immunofluorescent pattern, whereas concentrations of 1 and 5 x 10(-7) M decreased the number of microtubules, and microtubules could not be identified in cultures treated with 10(-6) M colchicine for 2 h. After a 2-h preincubation, the prolonged release of insulin at either 2.0 or 4.5 mg/ml of glucose was decreased by 10(-6) M colchicine (P less than 0.02). The immediate release of insulin was similar to that in control plates and occurred in cultures with no identifiable microtubules. Microtubules and insulin secretion were not altered by 10(-6) M lumicolchicine and prolonged insulin secretion recovered 24 h after removal of colchicine. These studies show that the microtubules facilitate sustained secretion of insulin but are not required for the immediate release of the hormone. Alterations in the extracellular calcium concentration which play an essential role in insulin secretion do not alter the microtubule pattern in the beta cell. PMID- 7037796 TI - Characterization of molecules involved in protein translocation using a specific antibody. AB - The vectorial translocation of nascent proteins through the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum has been shown to require a specific membrane-bound protein whose cytoplasmic domain can be proteolytically cleaved and isolated as an active peptide of mol wt 60,000 (Meyer and Dobberstein, 1980, J. Cell Biol. 87:503-508). Rabbit antibodies raised against this peptide were used to further characterize the membrane-bound molecule. Immunoprecipitation of solubilized, radiolabeled rough microsomal proteins yielded a single polypeptide of mol wt 72,000, representing the membrane-bound protein from which the 60,000-mol wt peptide was proteolytically derived. The antibody could also be used to remove exclusively the 60,000-mol wt peptide, and thus the translocation activity, from elastase digests tested in a reconstituted system. Moreover, immunoprecipitation of elastase extracts alkylated with [14C] N-ethylmaleimide selected a single species of mol wt 60,000. Immunoprecipitation of in vivo radiolabeled proteins from the appropriate cell type yielded the 72,000-mol wt membrane protein irrespective of the duration of labeling, or if followed by a chase. Subsequent treatment with protease generated the 60,000-mol wt fragment. In addition, the antibody could be used to visualize reticular structures in intact cells which correspond to endoplasmic reticulum at the ultrastructural level. It is thus clear that one membrane component required in the vectorial translocation of nascent secretory (and membrane) proteins is a peptide of mol wt 72,000. PMID- 7037797 TI - Chemotactic reorientation of granulocytes stimulated with micropipettes containing fMet-Leu-Phe. AB - Human granulocytes were stimulated by means of a micropipette, with an orifice of about 0.2 micrometer in diameter, which contained fMet-Leu-Phe at a concentration of 10(-5) M. The cells were reorientated by extending lamellipodia towards the source of the attractant, often within less than 10 s. Any part of the granulocyte, from the front to the tip of the tail, could be stimulated to produce new lamellipodia. Usually, but not always, this response occurred at the side of the cell nearest to the micropipette. Cells stimulated from behind responded in one of the following ways: (1) Cells that maintained their polarity extended new lamellipodia at one side of the leading front and reorientated by moving in a U-turn towards the micropipette. Occasionally, the leading front was split because one part of the front tried to make a left-hand and the other a right-hand turn. (2) Formation of lamellipodia at the leading front was arrested and new lamellipodia were formed at the tail instead, indicating reversal of polarity. The result was an immediate change in the direction of locomotion by about 180 degrees. (3) A combination of the first 2 forms of behaviour was observed occasionally. Transiently, lamellipodia were extended from cell surface areas both close to and distant from the micropipette. These observations show that parts of a cell can respond independently to chemotactic gradients by extending lamellipodia towards the source of the attractant. The phenomenon can easily be explained by assuming that a temporal change of attractant concentration is recognized. PMID- 7037798 TI - Immunological delineation in normal and malignant cells of a membrane protein involved in glucose transport. II. Function of the antigen. AB - A review of the literature suggested that the antigen detected by the M/27 antibody described in the preceding paper might be involved in the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. This idea was tested by measuring the amount of M/27 antibody bound to cells under a range of conditions known to influence the rate of glucose uptake. Glucose starvation and the administration of insulin under appropriate conditions are known to increase the Vmax for glucose uptake in certain cells, and high cell density in vitro is known to decrease the Vmax. Glucose starvation was found to increase the amount of M/27 antigen present on the surface of 2 malignant cell lines, but produced no detectable change in 5 different non-malignant cell types. Insulin increased the amount of M/27 antigen on the surface of both malignant and non-malignant cells. At high cell density, the amount of M/27 antigen present on the cell surface decreased. The changes in the Vmax for glucose uptake produced by these manipulations have been shown not to require the synthesis of protein. This was also found to be true for the changes in M/27 antigen concentration. By disrupting cells in detergent, it could be shown that there was an intracellular pool of M/27 antigen. The total amount of M/27 antigen in the cell was found to be about 4 times as large as the amount of the antigen on the cell surface. This figure agrees with the value given in the literature for the size of the intracellular pool of the glucose transport system. The amount of M/27 antigen on the cell surface was found to vary during the cell cycle. A dramatic increase occurred early in S phase. PMID- 7037799 TI - Cytoskeletal and transmembrane interactions in the expression of tumorigenicity in human cell hybrids. PMID- 7037800 TI - Locomotion of Xenopus epidermis cells in primary culture. AB - The locomotion of single epidermis cells, grown out from Xenopus laevis tadpole tails has been investigated by time-lapse cinemicrography using phase-contrast and reflection-contrast optics. The cells develop a large, mostly 200-250 nm thick, lamella, which adheres homogeneously to the supporting coverglass and exceeds the projection area of the cell body. From the comparison of RIC-pictures taken at high (1.06) and low (0.62) numerical aperture of illumination (I.N.A.) we deduce that at low I.N.A. the embossment of the medium-facing side of the lamella is visualized. By this method microcolliculi are demonstrated, which form at the edge of the lamellipodium and move backward. They resemble ruffles, but are flatter and no membrane flow towards the perinuclear region is observed. Indirect immunofluorescence reveals an enhanced staining for actin and alpha actinin in the lamellipodium and in the transition region of cell body and lamella. Tonofilaments do not participate in lamella formation, the relatively few microtubules seem to be oriented in the direction of cytoplasmic flow. Electron micrographs demonstrate the course of fibrils in the cell body and a meshwork of actin filaments and membranous tubules in the lamella. Based on these findings a model for cell locomotion is presented: the motive force is generated by the cell body causing a flow of cytoplasm towards the periphery and extension of the lamella at its edge. The activity of the lamellipodium has to ensure the flat form of the advanced edge; microcolliculi are assumed to represent a small membrane store for the extension of the lamella. The lamellipodium is not involved in the production of motive force. The cell body is anchored to the lamella by radiating fibrils and the fibrillar meshwork is inserted at the 'dorsal' membrane of the lamella and the basal filament cortex of the cell body. This anchorage provides the structural basis for the uptake of lamella material into the cell body in the transition region. PMID- 7037801 TI - The purification and immunocytochemical localization of the major iodinatable cell surface glycoproteins of Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 7037802 TI - Polygonal networks in living chick embryonic cells. AB - Regular polygonal networks have been found in explants and dissociated cells of early chick embryos. These networks are readily observable in live cells with phase-contrast optics thus allowing time-lapse cinemicroscopy. They consisted of a regular pattern of nodes and radiating struts found predominantly in the lamelliplasm of the free edges of the cells bordering explants. At the outer edge, the network was terminated by radial struts associated with substrate attached retraction processes whilst toward the centre of the cells it faded out. The network was also associated with stress fibres running across the cell and with microextensions on the dorsal surface. Even within one cell the network varied in size. Time-lapse films showed that microvilli were protruded from the dorsal surface over the nodes. Although the cells containing the networks were poorly motile the network itself was a mobile structure. Many explants from regions differing in prospective fates developed these networks after 2-4 days in culture. They appeared earlier in the smaller less yolky cells of definitive endoblast and epiblast. Experiments with dissociated and reaggregated cells confirmed their occurrence mainly in free edges of cells. The relationship between these networks seen in living chick embryo cells and those seen in other cell types using immunofluorescent techniques is discussed and a mechanism is proposed for their formation. PMID- 7037803 TI - [Orthotopic liver graft with aortic clamping. Experimental study in dogs (author's transl)]. AB - Orthotopic liver transplants were conducted in 15 dogs, with aortic clamping during the anhepatic time of the operation and without venous shunting. Aortic clamping lasted for between 30 and 42 minutes. Immunosuppressant treatment was not given. Eight dogs died within 2 hours after the operation, 5 from haemorrhage and 3 accidentally. Seven animals survived for between 6 hours and 11 days: 3 died within 24 hours from haemorrhage, 2 from hepatic failure between the 2nd and 3rd day. One animal died on the 7th day from an acute intestinal invagination, the dog surviving for the longest period eventually dying after rejection of the transplant. These results demonstrate, as in other reported series, that the most frequent cause of death is the haemorrhagic diathesis, probably as a result of poor graft conservation. Dogs tolerate the supracoeliac aorta clamp both from the renal and intestinal points of view ; spinal cord tolerance to the ischaemia is less evident as paraplegia of the hindquarters was noted in one animal in the group. Aortic clamping considerably reduces operative time, as it avoids the need to construct a mesentericocaval anastomosis and a femorojugular shunt. It also avoids splanchnic blood sequestration and the risk of reducing cardia filling during clamping of the inferior vena cava. PMID- 7037804 TI - [Contribution of Doppler investigations of the deep venous axes to the prevention and diagnosis of thrombo-embolic disease (author's transl)]. AB - The venous disease study by Doppler ultrasound technique provides a precious help to its diagnosis because the dubiousness and limits of clinical examination. The main indications of Doppler ultrasound deep veins examination are: --early diagnosis of thrombophlebitis, venous insufficiency and arterio-venous fistulae. -a non invasive monitoring of medical or surgical treatment of venous pathology and best appreciation of venous return in right heart cardiopathies, respiratory disease and abdominal surgery. --help in central venous catheterization. The sensibility of Doppler ultrasound in venous thrombosis is 86.5% and its specificity 91% in a study of 110 patients with comparison Doppler-venography. These results quite comparable with other studies, indicate a poor sensibility for the diagnosis of distal thrombi or partially occluding clots. In association with other non invasive examination Doppler ultrasound allows a better indication of phlebography in the detection of thrombophlebitis in high risk patients as well as a post operative survey with high sensitivity and good efficiency. PMID- 7037805 TI - [Delayed rupture of mechanically performed digestive tube suture (author's transl)]. AB - Three months after a colo colic anastomosis with E.E.A stapler and sixteen months after a terminal closing of a jejunal Rous Y loop with G.I.A., the outcome of a intestinal distension caused leaks between staples. So it appears that the absence of a sclerotic scar around staples is a cause of weakness and then a disadvantage of his kind of intestinal suture. PMID- 7037806 TI - An update on electrophoretic and chromatographic methods in the diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies. AB - This review primarily deals with methods for separations of hemoglobins. An introduction considers electrophoretic methods as well as those involving isoelectric focusing and chromatography. The main advantages or disadvantages of each procedure are discussed after each technical description. The chromatographic methods are mainly limited to those used in clinical biochemistry. The second section treats the main diagnostic problems typically met with in the field of the hemoglobinopathies and deals successively with the diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies in the adult and the newborn. Numerous variants have been described in the adult, and among them Hb-S and Hb-C variants are the most frequent. Unstable or high oxygen affinity variants of hemoglobin are also considered. Finally, a new strategy for diagnosis is proposed. A special section is devoted to the diagnosis of thalassemia syndromes. The prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies is also discussed in some detail with a view to preventing the birth of homozygous children. This update ends with a chapter on the interest of the assay of hemoglobins A1c in the pathology of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7037807 TI - Determination of captopril in human blood by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - A new method for quantitation of captopril in human blood is described. Captopril was derivatized with N-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)maleimide into the electrochemically active adduct. The derivative was separated and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector on a reversed-phase column. The proposed method was satisfactory for determination of captopril in whole blood with respect to accuracy and precision. The detection limit of captopril thereby obtained was 10 ng/ml. The blood levels of captopril in patients orally given an official dose were measured by the present method. PMID- 7037808 TI - A method for recovering viruses from sludges. AB - Primary, activated, and anaerobic mesophilically digested sludges were salted with MgCl2 (divalent cations) or AlCl3 (trivalent cations) and acidified to bind indigenous unadsorbed virions to the sludge solids; the sludges were centrifuged, and the adsorbed virions were eluted from the solids with buffered 10% beef extract. The elution yields with this procedure were superior to those obtained from sludges that had been salted or acidified only. Homogenization of sludges prior to other treatment did not increase the numbers of virions recovered. PMID- 7037809 TI - Use of a simple, new test for virus-specific IgM to investigate an outbreak of influenza B in a hospitalised aged community. PMID- 7037810 TI - Phenylbutazone, musculoskeletal disease, and leukemia. AB - Four hundred and nine patients age 30 and over with leukemia or lymphoma and a subset of 127 patients with myelocytic leukemia were compared with equal numbers of matched hospitalized control subjects and matched subscribers to the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (member controls). Prior use of phenylbutazone was somewhat more frequent in cases than in member controls only, but the difference was not statistically significant and the association appeared to be explained by an underlying relation of musculoskeletal disease to these lymphohematopoietic cancers. The association of musculoskeletal disease with myelocytic leukemia was present even when attention was restricted to the period at least two or five years before leukemia diagnosis. There was no clear association of amount and duration of phenylbutazone therapy with risk of leukemia. Several other drugs used for musculoskeletal conditions showed positive or negative relations to subsequent leukemia. PMID- 7037811 TI - Responses of active and inactive plasma renin and changes in urinary kallikrein and plasma prekallikrein to various conditions in normal subjects. AB - Little is known about changes in inactive plasma renin in various conditions or the in vivo activation mechanism of inactive renin. The effects of various factors known to stimulate or suppress renin release on active and inactive PRA were examined in normal subjects. Inactive PRA was determined as the difference between the total PRA after trypsin activation and active PRA. Concurrent measurements of urinary kallikrein excretion and plasma prekallikrein activity were performed to assess the possible role of renal or plasma kallikrein in in vivo activation of inactive renin. Short term stimulation with iv furosemide and ambulation, infusion of isoproterenol, and administration of captopril increased active PRA, but had little or no effect on inactive PRA. Sodium restriction and sodium loading, each for 4 days, induced parallel changes in active and inactive PRA. The administration of propranolol for 4 days decreased active PRA but did not change inactive PRA. There were no significant correlations between the changes in urinary kallikrein excretion and those in active PRA or in the proportion of active to total PRA after any short term treatments, except furosemide administration. Plasma prekallikrein activity was correlated with the proportion of active renin only during the long term sodium balance study. The present data suggest that the mechanisms ofr the control of inactive and active renin are different. Neither renal nor plasma kallikrein seems to be consistently involved in the in vivo activation of inactive renin. PMID- 7037812 TI - Endogenous opiates modulate insulin secretion in flushing noninsulin-dependent diabetics. PMID- 7037813 TI - Clinical, endocrinological, and cytological characterization of two 46, XX males. AB - In two 46,XX males, 20 and 21 yr of age, gonadotropins, testosterone, and estradiol were measured in serum and compared to those in a control group of four men. In addition, in one subject, androgen metabolism was measured in biopsied skin and cultured skin fibroblasts. In both XX men, a pulsatile pattern of gonadotropin, testosterone, and estradiol release into serum was observed. The levels of the gonadotropins and estradiol were higher and the levels of testosterone were lower in XX men than in normal men. hCG stimulation resulted in a significant increase in testosterone secretion, and LRH administration caused a more prolonged rise in gonadotropin levels in the XX men. The administration of estradiol caused a positive feedback response in the XX men and resulted in a suppression of gonadotropin secretion in the controls. Finally, the formations of C-19 metabolites from testosterone and estrone from androstenedione were found to be in the same range in skin and skin fibroblasts from the XX men as in those from normal men. It can be concluded that 46,XX men have altered hypothalamic pituitary and gonadal function compared to normal men. PMID- 7037814 TI - Defective thyroid hormone action in fibroblasts cultured from subjects with the syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormones. AB - Two preadolescent girls and their mother with the syndrome of central and peripheral resistance to thyroid hormones are reported. The sisters had goiters, high radioiodine uptakes, high plasma levels of thyroid hormones, normal TSH levels, and brisk increases in TSH after TRH administration, but had no clinical evidence of thyrotoxicosis. The mother, who had undergone partial thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy, presented with mild hypothyroid symptoms, normal thyroid hormone levels, and a high TSH level. On T4 treatment, her TSH fell toward normal, and thyroid levels became elevated without thyrotoxic symptoms. Special studies were performed with cultured skin fibroblasts. T3 stimulated low density lipoprotein receptor activity in cells from normal subjects, but failed to do so in fibroblasts form the three patients, indicating that their fibroblasts had a defective response to T3. However, after incubation of fibroblasts with labeled T3, no abnormalities in the binding capacity or affinity of nuclei were observed. These findings suggest that in this family, the thyroid hormone resistance demonstrable in vivo and in vitro results from a cellular defect at a site other than at the nuclear binding site. PMID- 7037816 TI - Low renin-aldosterone in "prehypertensive" young adults. AB - PRA is suppressed in approximately 25% of patients with essential hypertension. To determine if renin suppression precedes the onset of hypertension, PRA and plasma aldosterone were measured before and after treadmill exercise in 129 young adults with relatively high, intermediate, or relatively low blood pressures sustained over 5 yr. PRA and aldosterone responses to exercise were lower (P less than 0.01) in the high blood pressure group. In contrast, plasma renin substrate was lower (P less than 0.01) in the low blood pressure group. Unrelated to blood pressure, PRA, but not aldosterone, was lower in black than in white subjects both before and after exercise. In conclusion, renin suppression precedes the onset of hypertension and may be an appropriate response to higher levels of arterial pressure. PMID- 7037815 TI - Rapid oscillations in plasma insulin, glucagon, and glucose in obese and normal weight humans. AB - We have previously identified in fasting monkeys large amplitude, rapid oscillations in plasma levels of insulin, glucagon, and glucose. To determine whether such spontaneous oscillations also occur in man, we studied 9 healthy normal weight subjects and 11 obese volunteers (145-316% ideal body weight). During the morning hours after a 16-h fast, peripheral venous blood was withdrawn at precise 1- or 2-min intervals over 40-120 min. Spectral analysis of the assay results showed significant oscillations in plasma levels of insulin and glucose, with periods ranging from 8-16 min (P less than 0.05). In this range, the means of the oscillatory periods in normal weight subjects were 12.1 +/- 1.0 min for insulin and 11.2 +/- 0.8 min for glucose. The oscillatory periods on obese subjects were not different from those in normal weight subjects (12.4 +/- 0.7 min for insulin and 12.1 +/- 0.9 min for glucose). Periodicity in plasma levels of glucagon was observed in the range of 12-23 min. Based on cross-correlation analysis, the periodic fluctuations in insulin, glucose, and glucagon showed no consistent relationships; the patterns observed did not support the presence of feedback loops among these parameters as the mechanism of these spontaneous fluctuations. Our data indicate that basal plasma levels of insulin, glucagon, and glucose fluctuate rapidly in man. The physiological function of these oscillations is yet to be identified; they may play a role in the regulation of responsiveness of the respective target tissues or of their own release into the circulation. PMID- 7037817 TI - Effect of domperidone, an extracerebral inhibitor of dopamine receptors, on thyrotropin, prolactin, renin, aldosterone, and 18-hydroxycorticosterone secretion in man. AB - This study investigates the dopaminergic mechanisms involved in the control of corticosteroid secretion in normal subjects. TSH, PRL, PRA, aldosterone, and 18 hydroxycorticosterone (18-OHB) were measured before and after the administration of domperidone (10 mg, iv) to eight healthy males. Domperidone, a selective peripheral dopamine antagonist, stimulated TSH and PRL secretion. Plasma concentrations of aldosterone, 18-OHB, cortisol, and PRA were not altered by domperidone. This is in contrast to previous observations of aldosterone, 18-OHB, and PRA responses to metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist which readily crosses the blood-brain barrier. Domperidone may fail to stimulate aldosterone, 18-OHB, and renin secretion because it does not cross the blood-brain barrier or does not function as an antagonist for adrenal dopamine receptors modulating 18-OHB and aldosterone secretion. PMID- 7037818 TI - Changes in active and inactive renin throughout pregnancy. AB - In the first trimester of pregnancy, inactive renin in plasma rapidly increases (to 5 times the average concentration in plasma of nonpregnant controls), then declines slowly until midpregnancy, and falls quickly to the normal range after delivery. Inactive renin has the same large apparent molecular weight in pregnancy as in control plasma. Amniotic fluid contains very high levels of inactive renin; its mobility on Sephadex G-100 is the same as that of inactive plasma renin, but a lower molecular weight is indicated by the delayed elution of inactive renin of amniotic fluid from Sephacryl S-200. This anomalous behavior is probably responsible for the different estimates of molecular is probably responsible for the different estimates of molecular weight previously reported. The plasma concentration of active renin in pregnancy is modestly increased in the first trimester, declining gradually until term, and falling quickly after delivery. Although the increased PRA in early pregnancy involves an increase in active renin, increased angiotensinogen appears to play a more important part in sustaining the increased PRA of late pregnancy. The apparent molecular weight of te active renin in pregnancy plasma is larger than that in normal plasma. Gross changes in sodium intake during pregnancy result in changes in active and inactive renin concentrations parallel to those observed in nonpregnant controls. These responses suggest that the kidneys are an important source of the altered plasma renin in pregnancy, but do not exclude a contribution from other sources. PMID- 7037819 TI - Both human pituitary growth hormone and recombinant DNA-derived human growth hormone cause insulin resistance at a postreceptor site. AB - We have investigated the effects on carbohydrate metabolism of human GH produced by recombinant DNA technology (methionyl-hGH) compared with pituitary hGH. Twelve normal adult male subjects received four daily im injections of either methionyl hGH or pituitary hGH in a double blind, crossover study. Oral glucose tolerance tests and assays of insulin binding to peripheral monocytes were performed before th initial administration and 12 h after the fourth injection of both hGH preparations. Both methionyl-hGH and pituitary hGH resulted in significant carbohydrate intolerance, with a rise in fasting plasma glucose from 96.6 +/- 2.9 to 105.9 +/- 3.0 mg/ml (mean +/- SEM) after pituitary hGH and from 96.2 +/- 1.5 to 107.5 +/- 3.3 mg/dl after methionyl-hGH (P less than 0.01). The area under the glucose tolerance curve increased by 34% after pituitary hGH and by 37% after methionyl-hGH. With both hGH preparations, carbohydrate intolerance was associated with marked hyperinsulinemia, with a rise in fasting plasma insulin levels from 9.4 +/- 1.2 to 33.2 +/- 7.8 microU/ml after pituitary hGH and from 7.4 +/- 1.1 to 45.8 +/- 11.1 microU/ml after methionyl-hGH (P less than 0.01). The integrated plasma insulin levels during the oral glucose tolerance test tripled after both hGH preparations. The pronounced insulin resistance could not be attributed to an alteration in insulin receptor concentrations. Both hGH preparations were associated with small reductions in insulin binding to monocytes at tracer concentrations, but the decline in binding was not statistically significant. The calculated binding sites per cell and Ke were not significantly altered by hGH administration. We conclude that methionyl-hGH and pituitary hGH are indistinguishable in their ability to induce insulin-resistant carbohydrate intolerance. This decrease in insulin sensitivity cannot be attributed to an alteration in insulin binding, and presumably represents a postreceptor defect in insulin action. PMID- 7037820 TI - Inhibition of human granulosa cell progesterone secretion by a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist. PMID- 7037821 TI - Serum somatomedin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and IGF carrier levels in patients with Cushing's syndrome or receiving glucocorticoid therapy. PMID- 7037822 TI - The role of endogenous gastric inhibitory polypeptide in the enteroinsular axis. AB - In order to elucidate the relationship between the release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and insulin, we compared plasma GIP and insulin concentration responses to meal ingestion in normal subjects and patients with various surgical modifications of the food pathway. Nine patients with Billroth I partial gastrectomy (BI), 7 patients with Billroth II partial gastrectomy (BII), and 6 patients with total gastrectomy (TG) were tested. In BI patients the increase in blood glucose was similar to that in normal subjects, but the response was significantly greater in BII and TG patients. In TG patients blood glucose rose significantly higher in response to a standard meal than in all other groups. In BI patients the mean peak GIP level after meal ingestion was significantly higher than in normal subjects. In BII and TG patients an extremely exaggerated GIP response after the meal was observed. The insulin response to feeding was increased only in the BII and TG patients. Since the insulin response was enhanced only when both the glucose and GIP responses were magnified, we conclude that endogenous GIP is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic factor. In addition, from the fact that meal-stimulated GIP release is most marked in patients with total gastrectomy, we conclude that the direct contact of food with the GIP producing cells is a strong mechanical or chemical stimulus for GIP release. PMID- 7037823 TI - Decreased insulin binding in cultured lymphocytes from two patients with extreme insulin resistance. AB - [125I]Insulin binding has been studied in two patients with extreme insulin resistance using cultured B-lymphocytes transformed with Epstein-Barr virus. A cell line from a female infant with leprechaunism had insulin binding which was decreased 90% below the lower limit of normal. Lymphocytes from a young woman with type A extreme insulin resistance (associated with acanthosis nigricans and virilization) had insulin binding which was 80% depressed. In both cases, the defect in binding resulted from a decrease in the number of receptors per cell. The remaining receptors had normal properties, including a normal affinity for insulin and a normal specificity for insulin analogs. Insulin binding in cultured lymphocytes from these two insulin-resistant patients was also inhibited normally by antibodies to the insulin receptor. Immunological assays using anti-receptor antibodies confirmed the conclusion that the number of receptors was decreased. Affinity labeling of the leprechaun insulin receptor with [125I]insulin demonstrated the existence of an alpha-subunit with apparently normal molecular weight (130,000 daltons). However, the number of receptor molecules per cell appeared reduced. PMID- 7037824 TI - Pancreatic islet cell and thyroid antibodies, and islet cell function in diabetic patients of Mexican-American origin. PMID- 7037825 TI - Kinetics of the somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor I: response to exogenous growth hormone (GH) in GH-deficient children. AB - The somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor I (SMC/IGF-I) response to human GH (hGH) therapy and the t1/2 of SMC/IGF-I after the cessation of hGH were determined in 15 children with GH deficiency. After 5 injections of hGH (0.1 U/kg), there was a significant increase in total SMC/IGF-I [from 0.27 +/- 0.06 to 1.19 +/- 0.17 U/ml (mean +/- SEM)]. Both the pretreatment SMC/IGF-I and the maximal SMC/IGF-I levels attained were correlated with chronological age and bone age. Body size, as indicated by height and weight, also correlated with pretreatment and maximal SMC/IGF-I levels. For both pretreatment and maximal SMC/IGF-I levels, there was a better correlation of SMC/IGF-I levels with bone age than with chronological age. While the correlation between height and the pretreatment SMC/IGF-I level was stronger, weight was a better predicter of the maximal SMC/IGF-I level. Maximal SMC/IGF-I levels were reached 18.8 +/- 2.9 h after the last hGH injection. The t1/2 for SMC-IGF-I after the attainment of maximal levels was 20.7 +/- 2.3 h, or 39.5 +/- 3.8 h from the last injection of hGH. The t1/2 of SMC/IGF-I determined in this way was longer than previous values reported from studies in the rat. The relatively long t1/2 of SMC/IGF-I which we observed may in part explain the success of present GH treatment regimens which involve every other day injections of hGH. PMID- 7037826 TI - Defective cellular immune response in vitro in common variable immunodeficiency. AB - Mononuclear cells from 39 patients with hypogammaglobulinemia of the common variable type were analyzed for in vitro proliferative response to a panel of cell activators in order to examine the lymphocyte response to mitogens and to study the capacity to generate an immunologically specific secondary response. Patient lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A was found to be significantly lower than that of controls studied in parallel (P less than 0.01), and low response did not correlate with T-lymphocyte number. Response to pokeweed mitogen was significantly lower than that of controls (P less than 0.01), but response to zinc, tested in a few patients, was normal. Strong depressions of patient lymphocyte proliferative responses to Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were observed (P less than 0.01); all of these microbial activators require intact B-cell function for maximum response. Repeated testing of individual patients indicated that poor lymphocyte response could be consistently observed. Examination of change in vitro lymphocyte response during clinical course and disease management showed that a consistent pattern of intrinsic lymphocyte functional deficiency could be demonstrated. PMID- 7037827 TI - The maintenance of B-cell and T-cell function in frozen and stored human lymphocytes. AB - The objective of this study was to identify and test a convenient means for long term storage of lymphocytes taken from clinically characterized patients without losing B- or T-cell function. Accordingly, peripheral blood lymphocytes were frozen and stored, and portions of each sample were subsequently assayed for T cell blastogenic response and B-cell Jerne plaquing at various time intervals after freezing. A comparison of the cell counts of fresh and frozen cultures indicated that cell were recovered after freezing. Furthermore, these cells showed no significant differences in (i) cell viability; (ii) blastogenic response to antigens of Actinomyces maeslandii, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and tetanus toxoid; (iii) blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen; and (iv) polyclonal B-cell response to pokeweed mitogen as measured by the direct Jerne plaque assay. The retained blastogenic and plaquing responses seen in frozen cultures indicated the maintenance of both T-cell and B-cell function, respectively. This is the first reported demonstration of Jerne plaquing of normal human lymphocytes after freezing. It appears that freezing techniques provide a means for repeating and extending both T- and B-cell assays using frozen stored portions of the same cell samples. PMID- 7037828 TI - Clq deposits at the dermoepidermal junction: a marker discriminating for discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Discoid lupus (DL) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have been comparatively evaluated for complement and immunoglobulin deposits at the dermoepidermal junction (DEJ) by immunofluorescence (IF). When IF was positive, Clq deposits were quasi-constantly found in SLE patients with or without skin lesions (90%), while Clq was found in only 29% of the DL patients. Of the 42 DL patients followed-up to at least 2 years, 4 have eventually evolved a systemic disease. In these 4, neither cryoglobulinemia nor significant titers of ANA had been found at the time of presentation. Only 1 of these 4 patients had initially circulating immune complexes (P.E.G) and a positive IF in a normal sunprotected area. Clq deposits at the DEJ were present in all these 4. Of the remaining 38 DL patients, none has progressed to SLE: 8 had had significant titers of ANA, 5 had had circulating immune complexes, and 3 others had had cryoglobulinemia. Thus Clq deposits in DL cases are associated with a relatively high incidence of eventual systemic disease. Taken together, these data suggest that Clq deposits in skin may be a marker for systemic lupus. PMID- 7037829 TI - Autoimmunity in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in North India. AB - Pancreatic islet cell, thyroid, gastric parietal cell, and adrenal autoantibodies were studied in 110 young insulin-dependent diabetics (type I; IDDM), 12 non insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDM), 26 patients with pancreatic diabetes, and 123 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All the patients were aged 30 years or under at the onset of diabetes. Islet cell antibody was found in 31% of the patients with IDDM, but in only one patient with NIDDM, one patient with pancreatic diabetes, and one healthy control subject. Thyroid, parietal cell, and/or adrenal antibodies were present in 26% of the IDDM patients, 17% of the NIDDM patients, 12% of the patients with pancreatic diabetes, and 19% of the control subjects. There was no association between the presence of islet cell antibody and other organ-specific autoantibodies and any particular HLA phenotype. Data from the North Indian study have been compared with those from other populations of the world, similarities and differences have been brought out, and their significance has been discussed. The relative contribution of the autoimmune component in the etiopathogenesis of different forms of diabetes mellitus varies among the different populations of the world, accounting to some extent for the observed differences in incidence and clinical profiles. PMID- 7037830 TI - Atypical toxin variant of Clostridium botulinum type B associated with infant botulism. AB - An atypical toxin variant of Clostridium botulinum (strain 657) was isolated from the feces of a 6-week-old female infant whose symptoms and clinical history were consistent with infant botulism. Toxin detected in the feces and the toxin produced by isolates from the feces and from two rectal swabs could be neutralized by type B botulinal antitoxin only at very high ratios of of antitoxin to toxin in the neutralization mixture. One international unit of type B antitoxin neutralized only about 10 lethal doses of 657 toxin as compared with approximately 10,000 lethal doses of conventional type B toxin from the Beans strain. Antitoxin prepared against 657 toxin was 10 times more effective against the conventional toxin than against the homologous toxin. Toxoid-antitoxin binding studies indicate that both 657 toxin and type B toxin are heterogeneous and that both toxins may contain the same molecular variants, but that the proportions of the variants are different in each. PMID- 7037831 TI - Comparison of liquid growth media for Legionella pneumophila. AB - Ten liquid media were compared under standard conditions for their ability to support the growth of Legionella pneumophila. Modified gonococcal-ferric cysteine broth (without sodium chloride) supplemented with 1% yeast extract yielded the best overall growth of the one strain of L. pneumophila examined. Growth rates were independent of pH changes which occurred during incubation. The growth rates of 10 different strains of L.pneumophila were compared in this medium. There appeared to be little difference in the growth rates of strains passaged frequently or infrequently, or between environmental and clinical isolates. Moderate aeration resulted in a faster growth rate and in approximately a 1 log10 higher final cell concentration as compared to a static broth culture. These experiments demonstrate that there are moderate to marked differences among the various media described in the literature and that no liquid medium yet developed supports rapid growth of L. pneumophila incubated without shaking. PMID- 7037832 TI - Evaluation of the B-D urine culture kit. AB - Split samples of urine transported to the laboratory at 5 degrees C and in a boric acid-glycerol-sodium formate preservative (B-D Urine Culture Kit; Becton, Dickinson & Co.) were cultured immediately and, in the case of preserved urine, after 24 and 48 h of storage at 25 degrees C. Agreement between the results for cultures of specimens originally yielding greater than 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) per ml and the results for urine preserved for 24 and 48 h was 85 and 71%, respectively. One-third of the specimens originally yielding 10(4) to 10(5) CFU per ml yielded less than 10(4) CFU per ml after 24 h of storage in preservative. Provided greater than 10(4) CFU per ml in specimens preserved for up to 24 h is regarded as equivalent to greater than 10(5) CFU per ml in original urine specimens, agreement of results was greater than 90%. PMID- 7037833 TI - Characterization of biochemically atypical Vibrio cholerae strains and designation of a new pathogenic species, Vibrio mimicus. AB - Biochemically atypical strains classified as Vibrio cholerae were characterized by biochemical reactions, serology, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness. Strains with the following atypical reactions were shown to be V. cholerae: mannose negative, mannitol negative, lysine decarboxylase negative, no growth in the presence of 5% NaCl, salicin and cellobiose positive. Sucrose-negative strains were shown to constitute a new species, Vibrio mimicus, whose type strain is 1721-77 (ATCC 33653). In addition to its negative sucrose reaction, V mimicus was differentiated from V. cholerae by its negative Voges-Proskauer, corn oil, and Jordan tartrate reactions and by its sensitivity to polymyxin. V. mimicus was isolated from shellfish and water, as well as from human diarrheal stools and ear infections. Most strains were typable with antisera against V. cholerae. Strains from three serogroups produced either a heat-labile or a heat-stable enterotoxin. PMID- 7037834 TI - Detection of rubella antibodies by hemagglutination inhibition, indirect fluorescent-antibody test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Using hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) as a reference method, 292 (40 nonimmune, 252 immune) human serum samples were tested by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immune status and quantitation of rubella antibodies. The overall agreement with HAI for immune status was 99.7% (291/292) with IFA and 98.6% (288/292) with ELISA. Two specimens (0.7%, 2/292), negative by HAI, were equivocal by ELISA. Initially a 6.5% (19/292) overall disagreement was obtained for immune status evaluation between HAI and IFA, which was reduced to 0.3% (1/292) upon repeat testing. All of these samples were near the immune/nonimmune cutoff point (95 samples), reflecting an initial disagreement of 20% (19/95) in this category (HAI titers less than 1:20). Likewise, an initial overall disagreement of 4.5% (13/292) was obtained between HAI and ELISA which was reduced to 0.7% (2/292) upon repeated testing. Eleven of the 13 samples were near the immune/nonimmune cutoff point, reflecting an initial disagreement of 11.6% (11/95) with sera having an HAI antibody titer of less than 1:20. Quantitation of rubella antibodies by IFA showed an overall correlation with HAI of 86.6% within less than twofold titer and 99.3% within less than fourfold titers. In testing the ability of ELISA to quantitate antibody, a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.996 was obtained by plotting the measured average optical density (405 nm) of ELISA against the corresponding log of HAI titer. Both IFA and ELISA showed good correlation with HAI for immune status evaluation and for quantitation of rubella antibodies. Technically the HAI was the most cumbersome to perform, whereas IFA was the least technically demanding. Originally, 308 samples were tested; 16 samples (5.2%) could not be evaluated by IFA because of a high level of nonspecific fluorescence. The strict requirement of controlling the temperature range (23 to 24 degrees C) during substrate hydrolysis proved to be a problem with the ELISA test in our laboratory. PMID- 7037835 TI - Comparison of methods for detection of Mycoplasma pulmonis in experimentally and naturally infected rats. AB - Isolation, indirect immunofluorescence, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and histopathological examination of tissues for characteristic lesions were evaluated for their efficiency in detecting Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in rats. Whereas all of the methods were efficient in naturally infected Sprague Dawley rats, none of the methods consistently detected infection in F344 rats experimentally infected with low doses of the organism. In the experimental infections, however, the success rate of any method was directly related (P less than 0.05) to increasing inoculum dose and time postinoculation. Collectively, the data indicated that isolation of M. pulmonis was the most efficient single detection method and the nasopharyngeal duct was the best single site to culture, although sampling of multiple sites within the respiratory tract increased the rate of isolating the organism. The ELISA was understandably the least sensitive method in the low-dose, experimentally infected rats because of the time required for development of a detectable serum antibody response. Although each of the four methods identified a high percentage of naturally infected rats, the ELISA was the most efficient method in these animals as it was uniformly positive. The use of combinations of methods was found to increase the rate of detection of M. pulmonis infection in both experimentally and naturally infected rats. PMID- 7037836 TI - Comparison of the quantitative direct plating method and the BACTEC procedure for rapid diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia in children. AB - The efficacy and reproducibility of the quantitative direct plating (QDP) method and the semi-automated BACTEC radiometric system (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) were analyzed for the rapid diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia on the basis of 41 positive cultures from 35 patients. The QDP method detected 61% and BACTEC only 19% of the positive cultures within the first 12 h. Similarly, the QDP procedure yielded growth of H. influenzae in 56% of the cultures before a positive growth index reading was obtained with the BACTEC method. The observation that the quantitative procedure recovered H. influenzae in 88% of all positive cultures, using only 1 ml or less of blood, is attributed to the fact that 68% of the cultures had counts in excess of 100 colony-forming units per ml. The reproducibility of the QDP method was documented by the fact that duplicate blood cultures taken within a few hours of each other yielded comparable results on the number of bacteria at low (1 to 100/ml), moderate (100 to 1,000/ml), and high (greater than 1,000/ml) levels of bacteremia. We concluded that the QDP method is a valuable, simple, and inexpensive supplementary technique to the semi-automated BACTEC procedure for the rapid diagnosis of H.influenzae bacteremia in children. PMID- 7037837 TI - Recognition of a second serogroup of Legionella longbeachae. AB - A strain of Legionella longbeachae (Tucker 1) that was isolated from the postmortem lung tissue of a pneumonia patient was serologically distinct from four other strains of L. longbeachae. The recognition of a second serogroup of L. longbeachae represents the first reported instance of serogroup diversity within a species of Legionella other than L. pneumophila. The disease caused by the Tucker 1 strain does not seem to be readily distinguishable from that of pneumonia caused by other legionellae. PMID- 7037838 TI - Quantitative evaluation of variation in composition of the streptozyme agglutination reagent for detection of antibodies to group A streptococcal extracellular antigens. AB - The antibody titers of 90 acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 30 patients (mean age, 15.0 years) were studied with five different lots of Streptozyme reagent to determine whether variation exists among lots of reagent and whether this can affect clinical interpretation of antibody titers. Each serum was tested simultaneously with each of the five lots of reagent. Lot-to-lot variation in the reagent resulted in a significant difference (greater than 2 dilution increments) in antibody titer for 61 (68%) of the 90 sera tested. In addition, differences among the five lots also resulted in variation in determining whether a significant rise in titer occurred from the acute-phase to the convalescent serum for a given patient. These data indicate a need for precise identification and quantitation of the streptococcal antigens coated onto erythrocytes used for the Streptozyme test reagent. PMID- 7037839 TI - Comparative recovery of fungi from biphasic and conventional blood culture media. AB - A brain heart infusion broth and agar biphasic bottle was compared with a vented broth brain heart infusion bottle for the recovery of fungi from blood. A total of 40 fungi, all yeasts, were recovered from 5,000 blood cultures. The biphasic bottle slightly increased the overall recovery of six species of yeasts. In addition, yeasts were first detected more often in the biphasic bottle (73%) than in the vented broth bottle (38%). A routine early (6- to 24-h) or late (5-day) subculture of macroscopically negative cultures may not be required for yeast isolation when a biphasic medium is used. Of the yeasts initially detected in the biphasic medium, 83% were seen to be growing on the agar slant. Only four were detected from a 24-h subculture, a Candida glabrata of questionable clinical significance, was recovered after our routine blood culture period of 7 days; however, other fungi, not recovered in this study, require extended incubation periods. PMID- 7037840 TI - Selenomonas sputigena septicemia. AB - Selenomonas sputigena is a curved motile anaerobic gram-negative rod that is a part of the normal upper respiratory tract of man. We present a case of speticemia associated with this organism and believe it to be the first such report describing systemic disease. PMID- 7037841 TI - Identification of clinically significant Mycobacterium fortuitum complex isolates. AB - Recent outbreaks of nosocomial infections caused by organisms identified as the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex suggest that species and subspecies identification is epidemiologically important. In a study of 170 strains, M. fortuitum was differentiated from M. chelonei by nitrate reduction and iron uptake. M. fortuitum was further divided into biovariant fortuitum, biovar peregrinum, and an unnamed third biovar by inositol and mannitol utilization. M. chelonei was further divided into subsp. chelonei, subsp. abscessus, and an unnamed subspecies by tolerance to 5% sodium chloride, utilization of mannitol and sodium citrate, and uptake of iron. PMID- 7037842 TI - Lethal meningoencephalitis and septicemia caused by Haemophilus influenzae type f in an adult with multiple myeloma. AB - A patient with chemotherapy-treated multiple myeloma developed overwhelming sepsis and meningoencephalitis with Haemophilus influenzae type f. Typable H. influenzae other than type b has only rarely been reported as a cause of serious disease in adults. The patient's immunosuppressed status presumably predisposed her to this unusual infection. PMID- 7037843 TI - Klebsiella ozaenae septicemia associated with Hansen's disease. AB - Two cases of Klebsiella ozaenae septicemia from the National Hansen's Disease Center, Carville, La., are discussed: one fatal and one nonfatal. Although both patients had nasal complications of Hansen's disease (leprosy), the organism was grown initially from spinal fluid, blood, and wound cultures. This report confirms the potential pathogenicity of the K. ozaenae species and its widening disease spectrum. PMID- 7037844 TI - Improved in vitro excystation procedure for Giardia lamblia cysts. AB - Giardia lamblia cysts obtained from human symptomatic and asymptomatic donors were excysted in vitro. Excystation averaged 87% for cysts from symptomatic donors and 70% for cysts from asymptomatic donors. PMID- 7037846 TI - Modification of the Grice-Green Subtalar arthrodesis in children. PMID- 7037845 TI - Vibrio metschnikovii bacteremia in a patient with cholecystitis. AB - Vibrio metschnikovii was isolated from the blood of an 82-year-old patient with peritonitis and an inflamed gallbladder. This is probably the first clinically significant isolate of this new vibrio. PMID- 7037847 TI - Slotted acetabular augmentation. PMID- 7037848 TI - Use of computed axial tomography in pediatric orthopedics. AB - The use of the computed tomography has been rapidly expanding in the 7 years it has been clinically available, and there is no doubt that this modality will have an important role in the assessment of many pediatric orthopedic problems. Computed tomography now provides previously unavailable information in cases of tumors, infections, and fractures of the axial skeleton, pelvis, and hips. With the faster scan times, better density and two-point resolution of the newer generation scanners, computed tomography will be useful in other isolated cases and in more situations, but still may not gain wide applicability in pediatric orthopedics. PMID- 7037849 TI - Treatment of congenital dysplasia-subluxation of the hip in children under one year of age. AB - A retrospective review of 128 cases of dysplasia-subluxation of the hip in 123 patients seen and initially treated under 1 year of age was conducted to determine the incidence of avascular necrosis and its potential relationship to treatment. Not a single case of avascular necrosis was uncovered utilizing a semi rigid Ilfeld splint. In view of this finding, the beneficial effects of treating rather than observing every case of dysplasia-subluxation of the hip are discussed and viewed in contrast with the potential adverse sequelae of with holding treatment, specifically as it relates to development of late diagnosis of congenital dislocation of the hip and premature osteoarthritis of the hip. PMID- 7037850 TI - Glucose ingestion in dogs alters the hepatic extraction of insulin. In vivo evidence for a relationship between biologic action and extraction of insulin. AB - Oral glucose (25 g) fed to seven healthy, conscious dogs resulted in an increase in peripheral plasma glucose from 109 +/- 3 to 178 +/- 10 mg/dl. Concurrently serum insulin increased in the portal vein to levels approximately threefold greater than those in the periphery. Hepatic insulin delivery rose from 10.8 +/- 0.7 to 59.0 +/- 19.9 m U/min at 60 min. coincident with an increased hepatic insulin extraction from 3.3 to 41.4 mU/min (corresponding to an increase in hepatic extraction from 31 +/- 4 to 59 +/- 7%), both returning to basal at 3 h. In each animal there was a positive correlation between hepatic insulin delivery and extraction (r = 0.80, P less than 0.001 for the seven experiments combined). These changes in heptic insulin delivery and extraction after glucose metabolism associated with insulin action. As hepatic insulin extraction increased, hepatic glucose output declined, both parameters returning to basal levels by 3 h, indicating a negative correlation between hepatic insulin extraction and hepatic glucose output (r = 0.63, P less than 0.001; n = 7). The factors that mediate this marked and rapidly occurring increase in hepatic insulin extraction after oral glucose are unknown, and may include hepatic insulin delivery, glucose levels in the blood flow, and gut factors released by oral glucose intake. The association of changes in hepatic insulin extraction in vivo with an insulin effect on the liver as measured hepatic glucose output is consistent with in vitro observations relating insulin degradation to receptor binding. PMID- 7037851 TI - Studies on the pathogenesis of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was obtained from 24 sequentially studied patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) for assessment of potential activating and mediating factors. Proteolytic activity of the fluids was observed by measuring cleavage of radiolabeled proteins of the contact (Hageman factor) and complement systems. Proteolytic activity was observed in 17 of 24 (71%) patients with ARDS, and BAL fluid of the 7 ARDS patients without demonstrable, active, enzyme exhibited inhibitory activity for the proteolytic activity. The enzymes cleaved Hageman factor, prekallikrein, plasminogen, high molecular weight kininogen, C4, C3, C5, and Factor B of the complement system. Cleavage of the contact system proteins producted fragments similar or identical in size to the fragments observed during activation of these molecules, although continued incubation invariably reduced the protein to small peptide fragments. None of 7 normal individuals, and 29 of 99 patients (29%) with other forms of pulmonary disease contained measurable enzymes. The proteolytic activity in BAL fluid of ARDS patients was blocked by diisopropylphosphofluoridate (0.1 mM), Trasylol, soybean trypsin inhibitor, and normal plasma, or plasma deficient in inhibition of the first component of complement. Alpha(1)-proteinase inhibitor (alpha1-PI)-deficient plasma failed to inhibit the proteolytic activity and addition of alpha1-PI to the deficient plasma reconstituted the inhibition. MUCH OF THE PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF THE BAL FLUID FROM ARDS PATIENTS WAS IDENTIFIED AS NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE: the fluids cleaved elastin and synthetic peptide substrate of neutrophil elastase, neutrophil elastase antigen was present in the BAL fluids as determined immunologically using antineutrophil elastase, alpha1-PI was the major inhibitor in plasma, and the enzyme was inhibited by diisopropylphosphofluoridate but not chelation. In addition, purified neutrophil elastase produced cleavage fragments of proteins of the contact system similar to those of the BAL fluids. In each of the seven BAL fluids of ARDS patients that did not reveal active elastase, alpha1-PI was present in active form (as determined by (125)I-trypsin binding). In 9 of the 17 patients with active elastase in the BAL fluid, alpha1-PI antigen was present in the fluid, but was inactive (no binding of (125)I-trypsin). Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of elastase and alpha1-PI throughout proteins in these BAL fluids revealed the presence of both elastase and alpha1-PI that migrated with the same R(f), suggesting the presence of an enzyme-inhibitor complex. Free, inactive alpha1-PI was also observed in these fluids. The data reveal that in BAL fluids from all 24 patients with ARDS, leukocytic elastase and/or alpha1-PI exist. A complex of elastase and alpha1-PI was observed in BAL fluids, and in some cases where active enzyme and alpha1-PI coexisted, free, but inactive alpha1-PI was present. PMID- 7037852 TI - Heterogeneity and compartmental properties of insulin storage and secretion in rat islets. AB - To investigate compartmental properties of insulin storage and secretion, isolated rat islets were used for pulse-labeling experiments, after which proinsulin and insulin were purified rigorously. Processing of proinsulin to insulin neared completion by 3 h without additional loss of either radioactive peptide by cellular or extracellular proteolysis. The amount of labeled hormone rapidly diminished in islets; it was secreted at a higher fractional rate than immunoreactive insulin, resulting in secreted insulin's having a higher specific activity than the average cellular insulin. Newly synthesized insulin, therefore, was secreted preferentially. Changes in the specific activity of secreted and cellular insulin with time were consistent with changes predicted for islets containing 33% of their total insulin in a glucose-labile compartment. Predictions were based on steady-state analysis of a simple storage-limited representation of B cell function. Islets from either the dorsal or ventral part of the pancreas also contained 33% of their total insulin in a glucose-labile compartment. The same compartment was mobilized by 20 mM glucose, 50 mM potassium + 2 mM glucose, or 20 MM glucose + 1 mM 3-isobutylmethylxanthine as indicated by the specific activity ratio of secreted vs. cellular insulin, even though average secretion rates with these stimuli differed by more than threefold. In the absence of calcium, the effectiveness of 20 mM glucose as a secretagogue declined markedly, and the older stored insulin was preferentially mobilized because secreted insulin had a lower rather than a higher specific activity than cellular insulin. Results provide insight into the mechanisms of nonrandom mobilization and secretion of insulin form the B cell. PMID- 7037853 TI - Selective protection against conidia by mononuclear and against mycelia by polymorphonuclear phagocytes in resistance to Aspergillus. Observations on these two lines of defense in vivo and in vitro with human and mouse phagocytes. AB - By comparing natural immunity to Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) in vivo with the action of human or mouse phagocytes against AF in vitro, we delineated two sequential lines of defense against AF. The first line of defense was formed by macrophages and directed against spores. Macrophages prevented germination and killed spores in vitro and rapidly eradicated conidia in vivo, even in neutropenic and athymic mice. The second was the neutrophilic granulocyte (PMN), which protected against the hyphal form of AF. Human and mouse PMN killed mycelia in vitro. Normal, but not neutropenic mice, stopped hyphal growth, and eradicated mycelia. Either line of defense acting alone protected mice from high challenge doses. Natural immunity collapsed only when both the reticuloendothelial system and PMN were impaired. These findings are in keeping with the clinical observation that high doses of cortisone and neutropenia are the main risk factors for invasive aspergillosis. Cortisone inhibited the conidiacidal activity of mouse macrophages in vivo and of human or mouse mononuclear phagocytes in vitro. Cortisone damaged this first line of defense directly and not through the influence of T lymphocytes or other systems modifying macrophage function as shown in athymic mice and in vitro. In addition, daily high doses of cortisone in mice reduced the mobilization of PMN so that the second line of defense was also impaired. Thus, cortisone can break down natural resistance on its own. Myelosuppression rendered mice susceptible only when the first line of defense was overpowered by high challenge doses, by activated spores that cannot be killed by macrophages, or by cortisone suppression of the conidiacidal activity of macrophages. The host, thus, can call upon two independent phagocytic cell lines that form graded defense systems against aspergillus. These lines of defense function in the absence of a specific immune response, which seems superfluous in the control and elimination of this fungus. PMID- 7037854 TI - Dissociation of systemic and renal effects in endotoxemia. Prostaglandin inhibition uncovers an important role of renal nerves. AB - To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for systemic and renal hemodynamic changes in early endotoxemia, the roles of prostaglandins (PG) and renal nerves were investigated. Endotoxin (E, 3 micrograms/kg i.v.) was given to two groups of anesthetized dogs that had undergone unilateral renal denervation: Group I (n = 9) E only; Group II (n = 11) E + indomethacin (10 mg/kg i.v.) or meclofenamate (5 mg/kg i.v.). A third group of dogs (Group III, n = 5) received indomethacin (10 mg/kg i.v.) only. 1 h after E group I dogs, mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased from 126 to 94 mm Hg (P less than 0.001), and prostacyclin (6-keto-Fl alpha metabolite, PGI2) increased (from 0.64 to 2.08 ng/ml, P less than 0.005). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) declined comparably both in innervated and denervated kidneys. In marked contrast, group II dogs had a stable MAP (136-144 mm Hg, NS) and no increase in PGI2 levels. Plasma renin activity (0.7-2.5 ng/ml per h, P less than 0.005) increased, and renin secretion was greater in innervated compared with denervated kidneys (255 vs. 74 U/min, P less than 0.01) in these PG-inhibited dogs. In addition, denervated kidneys in group II dogs had a greater GFR (42 vs. 34 ml/min, P less than 0.01) and RFB (241 vs. 182 ml/min, P less than 0.01) than innervated kidneys after E. Group III animals had no significant changes in systemic or renal hemodynamics, plasma renin activity or PGI2 during the study. These results suggest that PGI2 mediates the systemic hypotension of early endotoxemia in the PG-intact animal. Moreover, PG inhibition uncovers an important effect of E to increase efferent renal nerve activity with a consequent decline in GFR and RBF independent of changes in MAP. Finally, the results demonstrate that renal nerves are important stimuli to renin secretion in early endotoxemia via pathways that are PG-independent. PMID- 7037855 TI - Immunoglobulin M autoantibody to vimentin intermediate filaments. AB - Serum from a patient with the CREST Syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus contained an IgM antibody that reacted at dilutions up to 1:800 with a fibrous cytoplasmic network in several epithelioid and fibroblastic cell lines. The antibody was shown by immunofluorescence microscopy to label a specific subset of cytoskeletal polymers, the intermediate filaments. The reactive antigen from this biochemically heterogeneous group of filaments was established as the 58,000-mol wt protein, vimentin: (a) the patient's serum reacts with a range of cell lines that contain intermediate filaments composed of vimentin, but not with cells whose intermediate filaments are composed of different protein subunits; (b) in PTK2 epithelioid cells the serum reacts with the class of filaments that coils around the nucleus after colchicine treatment (vimentin) and not with the filaments that remain dispersed after colchicine (prekeratin); and (c) the component of reactive cells that combines with the serum is shown by immunoelectrophoresis to be a 58,000-mol wt protein antigen. A similar antibody that binds intermediate filaments of PTK2 cells was encountered at lower titer in some sera from other patients with connective tissue diseases and in control sera. Previous routine antinuclear antibody assays using mouse liver or commercially prepared HEp-2 cells have failed to reveal anticytoskeletal antibodies in patient sera, perhaps due to inadequate presentation or preservation of cytoplasmic antigens. PMID- 7037856 TI - A simple and rapid method of washing and drying micro-titre plates used in ELISA. AB - A simple device constructed out of perspex sheeting and capable of washing 96 well micro-titre plates used in ELISA is described. It consists of three parts: (a) the 'shower' - a tank with 96 stainless steel syringe needles through which washing fluid runs into the wells of the micro-titre plate, (b) a sump into which washing fluid is collected and (c) a sliding base plate allowing the accurate positioning of the micro-titre plate below the shower. The efficiency of this washing device was established by comparing the results from several specific ELISAs with tha obtained after washing duplicate plates by hand. The use of a specially constructed centrifuge to spin-dry plates is also described. PMID- 7037857 TI - The HY-antigen: a method for the detection of antibodies in rat serum. PMID- 7037858 TI - Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. AB - The theoretical and practical reasons for replacing the terms "cervical dysplasia" and "cervical carcinoma in situ" by the single diagnostic entity of "cervical intraepithelial neoplasia" are reviewed and the advantages and drawbacks of this newer terminology discussed. The histological characteristics and cytological features of the various grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are described and the differential diagnosis of this lesion is considered. PMID- 7037859 TI - Demonstration of immunoproteins in araldite-embedded tissues. PMID- 7037860 TI - Principal neuropathological and general necropsy findings in 24 renal transplant patients. AB - The principal neuropathological and general pathological findings in a group of 24 patients with renal transplants who died in a nine-year period at the Western Infirmary, Glasgow, are described. Opportunistic infections--bacterial, protozoal, and fungal--were the commonest causes of death. Other causes included cardiac and vascular lesions, upper gastrointestinal bleeding and neoplasia. PMID- 7037861 TI - Comparative study between biochemical and histological methods and image analysis in liver iron overload. AB - Iron overload has been measured in 100 hepatic biopsies by three different methods: (i) biochemical assay of the liver iron concentration (LIC), (ii) histological grading (HISTO) and (iii) automated image analysis with a Leitz Texture Analysis System by estimating two parameters, (a) the total iron area (TIA) and (b) the first grey level step (FGLS) at which the iron is detected. Image analysis appears as a specific, sensitive, quick, reproducible and valid method. PMID- 7037862 TI - Reaction of the human granulocyte system in successfully treated bacterial bronchopneumonia. AB - The behaviour of peripheral blood granulocyte pools, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by granulocytes, migration of granulocytes out of skin windows, serum muramidase activity and bone marrow reserve of granulocytes during uncomplicated bronchopneumonia were studied. The time course of changes in these parameters during infection was established, and suggests maximal changes on day 2 of infection with gradual regression until 30 days after the disease onset, when they disappear. PMID- 7037863 TI - A combined endodontic-periodontic lesion. Its management and resolution. PMID- 7037864 TI - Prediction of root surface caries in patients treated for advanced periodontal disease. AB - The present investigation was undertaken (1) to analyze the prevalence of root surface caries prior to and after periodontal treatment and (2) to determine the feasibility of using simple clinical criteria for predicting a patient's risk of developing root surface caries following periodontal therapy. Thirty-one patients were given advanced periodontal treatment including periodontal surgery. At baseline they were examined for oral hygiene status, root surface caries experience and number of lactobacilli per ml saliva as evaluated by the Dentocult dip-slide method. Follow-up examinations 1, 2 and 4 years after baseline showed that a majority of the patients were treated successfully and maintained in periodontal health. Root surface caries developed in approximately two-thirds of the patients during the 4-year observation period. However, the total increment of root lesions during these years was mostly extremely low, i.e. less than 5% of exposed root surfaces. In higher risk patients developing new root surface caries, significant correlations were demonstrated with initial pretreatment scorings from (1) their previous root surface caries experience, (2) high lactobacillus counts and (3) advancing age. In addition, root surface caries incidence and low saliva secretion rats were found to correlate significantly during the course of the study. PMID- 7037865 TI - Juvenile periodontitis - healing following therapy to control inflammatory and traumatic etiologic components of the disease. AB - A case of localized juvenile periodontitis with bone loss affecting molars and premolars with advanced destruction around the lower first molars is described. These lesions were associated with areas of excess occlusal trauma. The ramifications of combined therapy aimed at the elimination and control of both the inflammatory and occlusal components of the disease are discussed relative to the successful treatment of this case. A description of the periodontal status of a sibling of the patient has been included. Extensive defects are associated with the anterior teeth and in this case the patient presented with excessive trauma in the anterior region. Considering the localities of the disease and the similarities between the inflammatory components in both cases, a link between occlusal trauma and juvenile periodontitis is discussed. PMID- 7037866 TI - Selected cardiac and metabolic responses to pseudoephedrine with exercise. AB - Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride was evaluated at two dosage levels in six normal healthy males, at rest and during submaximal exercise. Although there appeared to be a dose-related rise and during submaximal exercise. Although there appeared to be a dose-related rise in resting heart rate, it was not statistically significant. The drug had no effect on the amount of time required to reach 85 per cent maximal predicted heart rates while on the treadmill or on the amount of time required to recover baseline heart rates. Also, there was no drug effect observed on blood pressure at rest, during exercise, or in the recovery period. There was a significant increase in the frequency of sinus arrhythmias after the 120-mg pseudoephedrine dose. There appeared to be no drug effect on postexercise blood glucose and insulin levels. PMID- 7037867 TI - Effects of indomethacin and carprofen on renal homeostasis in rheumatoid arthritis patients and in healthy individuals. AB - The influence of carprofen and indomethacin on renal salt and water homeostasis was investigated. Carprofen is a new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug that is currently undergoing clinical trials in the United States. Both drugs were administered in usual clinical doses to steady state in six healthy individuals and in six individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Blood pressure, weight, plasma renin activity, urine volume, creatinine clearance, fractional excretion of sodium and potassium, and free water reabsorption were determined. Both drugs were found to suppress plasma renin activity. Indomethacin suppressed plasma renin activity more than carprofen. Neither drug produced clinically significant changes in any of the other parameters. In healthy individuals and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis renal homeostatic mechanisms may compensate for the salt- and water-retaining effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. PMID- 7037868 TI - Analgesic efficacy of zomepirac sodium in patients with pain due to cancer. AB - In a single-dose, a double-blind crossover study in 40 patients with chronic pain due to advanced cancer, zomepirac sodium (Zomax), a new, single-entity, non narcotic analgesic, was compared to oxycodone with APC (Percodan) and placebo. Both a verbal and a curvilinear visual analog scale were used in the study, and the results obtained were comparable. Zomepirac sodium, 100 mg, provided analgesia equal to oxycodone with APC in all assessments of pain intensity and pain relief. The analgesic activity of zomepirac sodium was apparent by 1 hour, reached a peak between 3 and 4 hours after administration, and lasted at least 6 hours. Zomepirac sodium, 100 mg, appears to be an acceptable alternative to narcotic combinations such as oxycodone with APC in the management of moderate to severe cancer pain. The visual analog scale presented appears to be useful in the evaluation of analgesic efficacy and appears to be acceptable as an alternative to the more conventional verbal scale. PMID- 7037869 TI - Individualization of antihypertensive therapy: an approach based on hemodynamics and age. PMID- 7037870 TI - Clinical Pharmacology for Pediatricians. II. Antisickling agents, with special reference to new vasoerythroactive drugs. PMID- 7037871 TI - Merits of adding a beta blocker (acebutolol) to a diuretic (hydrochlorothiazide) in the treatment of hypertension. AB - In a double-blind crossover study, the antihypertensive effect of hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination with the beta blocker acebutolol was assessed in 18 patients suffering from mild to moderate hypertension. After a placebo period, the patients were placed on hydrochlorothiazide alone for four weeks at a dose of 50 mg daily. Acebutolol was than gradually titrated into the regimen until the optimum dose was established. The average dose was 555 mg per day, with the usual optimum dose 200 mg b.i.d. The patients then entered the crossover portion of the trial during which patients received either hydrocholorothiazide with acebutolol or hydrochlorothiazide with placebo. Each treatment period lasted six weeks. Blood pressure and heart rate were significantly lower with the combination treatment than with hydrochlorothiazide alone. At the end of each treatment period, the mean diastolic blood pressure (erect) was 90.5 mm Hg with hydrochlorothiazide-acebutolol but remained above 100 mm Hg with the diuretic alone. Neither hydrochlorothiazide nor acebutolol produced any significant changes in plasma renin activity or plasma aldosterone. There were very few side effects and no reports of bradycardia. PMID- 7037872 TI - The treatment of severe Raynaud's phenomenon with verapamil. AB - Verapamil was evaluated in 16 patients with severe Raynaud's phenomenon. Fifty per cent of patients experienced subjective improvement by history, but only one patient had a substantial reduction in the frequency of Raynaud's phenomenon as assessed by diary analysis. We conclude that verapamil is not effective in most patients with severe Raynaud's phenomenon. PMID- 7037873 TI - Combined MAOI-tricyclic antidepressant treatment: a reevaluation. AB - Recent studies have shown that monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), in appropriate patients and with proper precautions, are not as dangerous as once thought, especially in comparison to alternative antidepressants. We review the literature regarding the combined use of MAOIs and tricyclic antidepressants, which has been reported to be both highly toxic and highly effective. A large number of reports of adverse effects and their management, uncontrolled clinical trials, and animal studies are summarized. We also discuss the three controlled studies of combined MAOI-tricyclic therapy that have been undertaken. We conclude that the hazards of combination therapy have been exaggerated and that MAOI tricyclic therapy is a reasonable approach in patients found resistant to standard antidepressant treatment if certain precautions are observed. PMID- 7037874 TI - Methodological problems in studies of depressive disorder: utility of the discontinuation design. AB - In evaluation of new drugs, even when a random assignment, double-blind, controlled clinical trial design is used, an array of methodological problems associated with treatment of those who do not respond (treatment nonresponders) can lead to unclear or misleading conclusion. Four such problems are reviewed and illustrated: unwitting diagnostic heterogeneity of depressive subtypes in study samples, inadequate dose and duration of medication, selection of inappropriate criteria for determination of efficacy, and nonreporting of global outcome measures for individual patients. The solutions offered to these problems are not novel. However, the frequent occurrence of these errors in recent reports of antidepressant trials suggests that a review of these problems and possible solutions would be timely. In addition, the authors describe an alternate, comparatively underutilized strategy, the discontinuation design, that is particularly suitable for new drug trials and that circumvents the problem of treatment nonresponders. PMID- 7037876 TI - A review of the clinical use of disulfiram and calcium carbimide in alcoholism treatment. AB - The role of disulfiram and calcium carbimide in alcoholism treatment is currently under critical review. Evidence supporting the efficacy of these drugs is unclear: although many alcoholism therapists are of the opinion that the alcohol deterrents are useful in the treatment of the chronic alcoholic, clinical studies with disulfiram that use proper evaluation methodologies report no or only low improvement rates, and there have been no controlled studies with calcium carbimide. Although disulfiram is thought to be safe when administered in therapeutic dosages, toxicity can occur in alcoholics treated with this drug. Information concerning the toxicity of calcium carbimide in alcoholics is incomplete. In this article, the efficacy and toxicity of disulfiram and calcium carbimide are reviewed, and guidelines for their safe and effective use in alcoholism treatment are presented. PMID- 7037875 TI - Psychiatric complications of progesterone and oral contraceptives. AB - Progesterone plays a critical role in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and sexuality. Its role in premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, and postpartum disorders is outlined. Oral contraceptives seem to affect mood and behavior in some women without preexisting psychiatric illness, sometimes inducing depression and loss of libido. When used as psychotropic agents, they can have mood stabilizing effects and relieve premenstrual syndrome. PMID- 7037877 TI - Methotrexate guidelines--revised. PMID- 7037878 TI - Outstanding contributions by Japanese dermatologists. PMID- 7037879 TI - My companions on the International Committee of Dermatology. PMID- 7037880 TI - Treatment of cicatricial (benign mucous membrane) pemphigoid with dapsone. AB - Treatment of cicatricial pemphigoid is a problem because patients afflicted are elderly, the disease is chronic, systemic agents required for control are potentially toxic (particularly to older patients), and the disease is often in an advanced stage when the diagnosis is established and requires aggressive therapy for control. We selected dapsone as an alternative anti-inflammatory agent because it has provided control in a subset of patients with bullous pemphigoid, five of six who had oral lesions. Twenty-four patients with cicatricial pemphigoid were treated with dapsone. Twenty (83.3%) had partial or complete control with mild to no inflammatory activity. Control was obtained within 4 weeks in eleven of the twenty patients. The use of dapsone was discontinued in two patients because it failed to control their disease and in four patients (two with control) because of drug-related side effects. Cicatricial pemphigoid may be added to the list of dapsone-responsive dermatoses. PMID- 7037881 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Immunologic studies on lesional and nonlesional "normal" -appearing skin of a 32 year-old man with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) revealed the following: (1) Noninflammatory subepidermal bullae formation in the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive basement membrane; (2) linear deposits of polyclonal IgG, Clq, C4, C3, properdin, and factor B at the dermoepidermal junction; IgA and IgM were not found; (3) broad subbasal lamina electron-dense amorphous material (EDAM) lacking amyloid features by electron microscopy; EDAM was not associated with anchoring fibers; (4) cleavage plane below the EDAM. Gastrointestinal endoscopy showed inflammatory erosions in the duodenum. Microscopy of the involved duodenum showed a mixed inflammatory infiltrate, subepithelial edema, microvesiculation, and granular deposits of IgG and C3, but no EDAM. However, EDAM and immune reactants were found in the esophagus. EBA is a distinct entity characterized by the presence and location of EDAM ultrastructurally, and it may represent a gastrointestinal-cutaneous syndrome with an immune pathogenesis. PMID- 7037882 TI - The value of malignancy evaluation in patients with dermatomyositis. AB - Dermatomyositis (DM) has been linked to internal malignancy in adult patients. However, the value of an extensive malignancy evaluation in patients with DM is controversial. Fifty-seven patients who had DM with malignancies, in whom data were available regarding the discovery of malignancy, have been analyzed. Fifty three of these were reported previously. There were sixty-seven malignancies in the fifty-seven patients. The malignancy preceded (26 cases), followed (23 cases), or occurred with the DM (18 cases). A "blind" (nondirected) malignancy search was not of value in any of the cases analyzed. Rather, the tumors were discovered in forty cases by history (preceding tumor, or abnormal symptoms), in fourteen cases by physical examination, or in twelve cases by abnormal laboratory findings (chest x-ray, urinalysis, stoll guaiac, etc). One case was not discovered until autopsy (adenocarcinoma of the broad ligament). Analysis of tumor sites further negates the value of a malignancy work-up, because most (greater than 90%) tumors occur in areas not amenable to a "routine malignancy search." In several instances patients had an extensive search, without having complete physical examinations. Malignancy evaluations should be directed by abnormal history, physical findings, or routine laboratory testing. PMID- 7037883 TI - Superficial fibrous tumors in childhood. AB - A review is made of superficial fibrous tumors of childhood and differences between the pattern of fibrous tumor proliferation in children and adults are discussed. The fibrous tumors that occur specifically in childhood and infancy include recurring digital fibrous tumor, juvenile aponeurotic fibroma (cartilage analogue of fibromatosis), juvenile hyalin fibromatosis, fibrous hamartoma of infancy, congenital fibromatosis and fibromatosis colli (Torticollis). Palmoplantar fibromatosis and fibrosarcoma may appear in all ages. Dupuytren contracture, however, is not usually observed early in life. Similarly, the histiocytomas and dermatofibromas which are the most common fibrous tumors of adults are extremely rare in childhood. PMID- 7037884 TI - T cell nature of exocytic and dermal lymphoid cells in atrophic parapsoriasis demonstrated by monoclonal Leu 1 and affinity isolated antibodies. AB - Tissues from atrophic large plaque parapsoriasis were examined using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique with a monoclonal T cell antibody as primary antibody, and affinity isolated peroxidase conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG as second stage antibody. The "T" cell nature of the dermal infiltrate and of single exocytic epidermal lymphocytes was demonstrated. The results obtained suggest that the method utilized will be useful for the demonstration of lymphoid cell subpopulations in a variety of cutaneous disorders in which a lymphocytic infiltrate forms a significant component of the histopathology observed. This technique also has the potential of providing information on the topographic localization and differentiation of lymphocytes within the various levels of the skin. Certain technical manipulations which may result in an improvement in the quality of results obtained are also discussed. PMID- 7037885 TI - Endotoxin dose-related leukocytosis in milk of guinea pigs. AB - Objectives were to determine minimum and maximum doses of Escherichia coli endotoxin that would stimulate leukocytosis in the mammary gland of the guinea pig. Endotoxin concentrations of .005, .05, .5, 5.0, and 50.0 microgram/ml in 1 ml were used to stimulate migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in milk of guinea pigs at five times (2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 h postinjection with endotoxin). There were three animals in each experimental group per endotoxin concentration. Each animal served as its own control by having sterile saline injected into one mammary gland and endotoxin into the other. A control group of three animals had no saline or endotoxin injected. Guinea pigs were milked with a modified milking apparatus. Leukocyte numbers in the uninjected mammary gland did not differ from those in saline injected glands. The difference in mean leukocyte numbers between saline injected and .005 microgram/ml endotoxin injected glands approached significance at 5%. There was no difference between mean numbers recruited by the 5.0 and 50.0 microgram/ml endotoxin doses at 4, 6, 8, and 12 h. The chemotactic effect and, therefore, the rate of polymorphonuclear leukocyte recruitment was maximal at the 5 microgram/ml endotoxin dose. PMID- 7037886 TI - Effect of duration of teat cup liner closure per pulsation cycle on bovine mastitis. AB - Measurements of teat end expansion and contraction times from step changes in pressure suggest that teat ends require a minimal duration of liner closure for response. Effect of duration of liner closure per pulsation cycle on susceptibility of the udder to infection was tested. Four durations of liner closure (liner more than half closed) were applied: zero, .17, .34, and .51 s per pulsation cycle. For the latter three treatments, duration of the liner more than half open was .66 s per pulsation cycle, resulting in pulsation rates of 72.3, 60.0, and 51.3 pulsations per min. Four groups, each of 10 British Friesian cows, were in a 4-wk experiment. High bacterial exposure of all teats was ensured by dipping them before and after each milking in a suspension of Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Numbers of quarters becoming infected per treatment group were 20, 11, 4, and 5. This result represents both a significant inverse linear and quadratic relationship between proportion of quarters becoming infected and duration of liner closure. We conclude that a sufficient duration of liner closure, i.e., one-third of a second or more, per pulsation cycle contributes to reducing risk of new mammary gland infections. PMID- 7037887 TI - Historical notes on dental education for Afro-Americans. PMID- 7037888 TI - Modified overdentures for the management of oligodontia and developmental defects. AB - A technique for the construction of complete dentures over unaltered natural teeth has been described and illustrated for three different situations. The procedure is straightforward and simple and varies only slightly from conventional overdenture construction. The technique offers several advantages for a patient who wishes to keep the remaining natural teeth unaltered but who requires significant functional or esthetic improvement. Since the teeth are unaltered, any type of future treatment may be considered at any time without being compromised. This is an important factor to consider for the young patient. The cost, when compared to the fabrication of a fixed or cast removable prosthesis, is significantly less, while still providing acceptable esthetics and function. The versatility of this procedure allows its use in a number of situations which are not amenable to more complicated treatment methods. PMID- 7037889 TI - Sugar and sugar alcohols. PMID- 7037890 TI - Bonding between acrylic laminates and composite resin. PMID- 7037891 TI - A foreign body granuloma produced by an injectable collagen implant at a test site. AB - Zyderm collagen implant, a solubilized, purified, bovine collagen preparation for augmentation of soft tissue, produced a foreign body granuloma in a 37-year-old woman who had no history of immunologic disorders or autoimmune disease. The patient had received a small test implant to determine if she were sensitive to Zyderm. A very slight, borderline response occurred and a second test implant was administered. This second implant resulted in a foreign body granuloma that has persisted for ten months. PMID- 7037892 TI - Composite grafts from earlobes for reconstruction of defects in noses. PMID- 7037893 TI - Stamps commemorating medicine. "Dr. Charles R. Drew". PMID- 7037894 TI - An amelanotic melanoma transformed into melanotic melanoma with development of vitiligo. PMID- 7037895 TI - Cutaneous involvement of malignant lymphoma and malignant histiocytosis. PMID- 7037896 TI - Influence of vitamin E on the effect of vitamin A derivatives on digestive glands of rats. PMID- 7037897 TI - An ultrastructural study of steatocystoma multiplex and the normal pilosebaceous apparatus. PMID- 7037898 TI - Determination of hyaluronic acid in the urine of a patient with Werner's syndrome. PMID- 7037899 TI - Immunofluorescence study of drug-induced lichen planus-like lesions. PMID- 7037900 TI - Pilar acanthoma: a combination of inverted follicular keratosis and sebaceous trichofolliculoma. PMID- 7037901 TI - A fatal case of junctional epidermolysis bullosa (Herlitz-Pearson). PMID- 7037902 TI - Erythema dyschromicum perstans. PMID- 7037903 TI - Adenosine deaminase in human skin. PMID- 7037905 TI - [Epidermal homeostasis and the problem of psoriasis]. PMID- 7037904 TI - Treatment of erythematous dermatoses with potassium iodide. PMID- 7037906 TI - Treatment of periodontal disease. PMID- 7037907 TI - Teeth beautiful. PMID- 7037908 TI - The presidents. Greene Vardiman Black, 1900 - 1901. PMID- 7037909 TI - The internal escape channel: a solution to incomplete seating of full cast crowns. AB - An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of internal escape channels and perimetric occlusal bevel on the completeness of seating of full veneer cast gold crown during cementation. Twenty-four crowns were fabricated on Ivorine dies and cemented by standardized procedures. Two experimental groups were reused to study the effect of the addition of a perimetric occlusal bevel. The vertical dimension was significantly reduced in all four test groups when compared with the control. We concluded that an internal escape channel improves the complete seating of a full veneer cast-gold crown. PMID- 7037910 TI - The acid-etched fixed prosthesis. PMID- 7037911 TI - Food allergy: lessons from the past. AB - Because finite studies are customarily published as the observations are completed, general principles and unifying concepts may be difficult to discern. When the contributions to a field of study are viewed in retrospect and in their entirety, the concepts and common understanding that influenced the kind of observations made and the interpretations of the findings may be more apparent. Periodic attempts to identify obstacles to scientific progress in the past should serve to lessen the clutter in the path of further advancement of knowledge. The need for this exercise in the field of food allergy has been urgent, and this is an effort to that end. PMID- 7037912 TI - Digoxin use in the elderly. AB - The current extensive use of digoxin in elderly patients with left ventricular failure and sinus rhythm may not be clinically justifiable; in a significant proportion of these patients the frequency of digitalis toxicity may outweight the therapeutic benefits of the drug. When digoxin is used in elderly patients, the specific geriatric pharmacology of the drug must be considered. Clinical benefit should be documented before proceeding to long-term maintenance therapy. In selected elderly patients, withdrawal of digoxin with careful follow-up may be a worthwhile procedure. Studies are needed comparing the relative benefits and toxicities of digoxin versus diuretics in the management of heart failure in the elderly. PMID- 7037913 TI - Cimetidine in elderly patients: review of uses and risks. AB - Cimetidine is widely prescribed but has numerous potential side effects, especially in elder patients, who require a lower dosage, e.g., 300 mg twice daily. Antacids may be more effective than cimetidine in preventing acute gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill elderly patients. Cimetidine increases the risk of toxicity of other commonly used drugs such as phenytoin, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, propranolol, theophylline, warfarin, and carbamazepine. Elderly patients taking cimetidine are at risk for neuropsychiatric changes, which may be temporarily reversed by physostigmine. Other side effects and indications for use are reviewed. PMID- 7037914 TI - Effect of age on plasma glucose and insulin responses to a test mixed meal. AB - Plasma glucose and insulin responses to an oral dextrose tolerance test and to a mixed-meal test were determined in fully ambulatory residents of a retirement community. The study population consisted of 127 women and 79 men, whose ages ranged from 47 to 90 years. Progressive hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia with age could be demonstrated in the women. These changes were observed with either type of tolerance test and could not be attributed to age-related differences in measurements of body mass index or estimates of physical activity. In contrast, no significant changes with age in either glucose or insulin responses were noted in men. The ability to document increases in the plasma glucose or insulin responses were noted in men. The ability to document increases in the plasma glucose and insulin responses to a mixed meal suggests that aging, at least in women, is associated with day-long elevations of both plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. The possible relationship of these metabolic changes to the development of atherosclerosis merits further consideration. PMID- 7037915 TI - Injury in late life: Part I. Epidemiology. PMID- 7037916 TI - Pharmacology and aging. PMID- 7037917 TI - The Veterans Administration's experience with geriatric centers of excellence (Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Centers). PMID- 7037918 TI - Status of geriatric medicine in the United States. AB - Geriatrics has experienced a gradual and cyclical evolution in the United States. A considerable amount of attention has recently been focused on the status of geriatric medicine and the issue of specialty recognition. Numerous organizations within established medicine have developed position documents and are in the process of re-examining their status. In the United Kingdom, physicians can now be designated as having a special interest in geriatric medicine, and Canada is proceeding with the development of a certificate of special competence in geriatric medicine under the auspices of the Division of Medicine, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons. This paper presents hypotheses to account for the lack of organization status in geriatrics, and arguments are examined regarding the need for specialty recognition. There is general consensus that geriatrics has an identifiable body of knowledge and skills and that there is need for a cadre of academic geriatricians and educators in geriatrics for students and residents. However, specialty recognition introduces conflict within established specialties that consider care of the elderly crucial to their existence. The options for special recognition, including a certificate of special competence, are described with their advantages and disadvantages. Substantial arguments favor some form of specialty recognition. PMID- 7037919 TI - A simple one-step purification of human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by immunoadsorbent column chromatography. AB - A one-step purification of human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor was described using the rabbit anti-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor antibody coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. The elution of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor from the immunoadsorbent column using 0.1 M Na2CO3/0.5 M NaCl solution gave an 85% yield. The properties of eluted alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor were identical with that of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor that was purified by the conventional method. In addition, the specific activity of purified alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor was more than 93% of that of the theoretical value. PMID- 7037920 TI - [Treatment of cicatricial ectropions of the eyelids (author's transl)]. AB - Cicatricial ectropions arise following burns, certain dermatoses, trauma with subsequent development of vicions scar tissue, and after evulsion of the eyelids. Operations on the ocular globe or eyelids may also lead to a cicatricial ectropion, while skin retraction during the advanced stages of ectropion due to hypotonia and congenital ectropions have to be considered as a separate group. Surgical treatment consists of correcting the skin deficiency by means of flaps or grafts, and reconstituting the internal angle when necessary. The principal surgical techniques and the types of flaps employed are described, as well as the indications for therapy as a function of the clinical form. PMID- 7037921 TI - Neuroendocrine control of basal insulin secretion in man: a study with bromocriptine, clonidine and naloxone. AB - The effects of bromocriptine (CB-154, 2.5 mg po), clonidine (0.05 mg im) and naloxone (0.4 mg im), as well as the interaction between naloxone and CB-154 or clonidine on basal insulin secretion were studied in 6 normal men. Clonidine, naloxone and CB-154 plus naloxone lowered insulin plasma levels; CB-154 alone caused only a slight reduction, whereas clonidine plus naloxone did not affect insulin secretion. These results prove the existence of a complex neuroendocrine control of basal insulin secretion through dopaminergic, adrenergic and opiate mechanisms; they also suggest that the opiate inhibitory control of insulin release may be dissociated from the dopaminergic one, but may interact with the adrenergic one. PMID- 7037922 TI - Increased immunological efficiency in young mice by short-term treatment with L thyroxine. AB - Treatment of young mice with L-thyroxine increases their capacity to form hemolytic plaques after sheep erythrocyte immunization. Such an increment is independent from the quantity of antigenic challenge, from sex and strains variations and from the temporal relationship between timing of hormonal treatment and antigenic challenge. The increment seems to depend on an increased number of both T and B reactive cells, rather than on an augmented proliferation rate of antigen triggered cells. The thyroxine induced increase of T reactive cells requires the presence of a functional thymus. These data suggest that the maximal immune response obtained under physiological conditions does not correspond to the maximal potentiality which can be expressed through appropriate manipulation of the internal microenvironment and further confirm the relevance that thyroxine may have as an immunostimulant agent. PMID- 7037923 TI - A preparation for studying liver blood flow, oxygen consumption, and metabolism in the fetal lamb in utero. AB - We present a method for chronic catheterization of the hepatic veins of fetal lambs in utero. A detailed description of hepatic venous anatomy, essential to the technique, is also presented. Right, left, or both hepatic veins were catheterized successfully in 23 of 28 animals. We assessed catheter position accurately during surgery by comparing oxygen saturations in the hepatic vein, descending aorta, umbilical vein, and inferior vena cava. Right hepatic venous saturation usually closely resembles that in the descending aorta, whereas left hepatic venous saturation lies between aortic and umbilical venous saturations. Samples obtained through these catheters are representative of hepatic venous blood and are not contaminated by reflux from the inferior vena cava. These small catheters are unlikely to alter the distribution of blood within the liver or streamlining of blood within the thoracic inferior vena cava. When this technique is coupled with catheterization of the descending aorta, umbilical vein, and portal vein, the preparation allows quantitation of blood flow, oxygen consumption, and metabolism in the liver of the unanaesthetized fetal sheep in utero. PMID- 7037924 TI - Finger flexion force and hand grip strength after tendon repair. AB - Isolated finger flexion force and hand grip strength were measured in a group of patients with flexor tendon lacerations treated by primary tendon repair. The results show that reduced isolated finger flexion force is much more common than reduced hand grip strength (66% and 26% respectively). Reduced finger flexion force is strongly correlated to elongation in tendon repair, to the range of motion in the distal interphalangeal joint, and to reduced hand grip strength in patients with lesions of both flexor tendons in one finger. Range of motion in the distal interphalangeal joint and hand grip strength in the individual patient are of little value for prediction of isolated finger flexion force, however. Hand grip strength is sufficient for evaluation of strength in many cases, but knowledge of finger flexion force is a valuable adjunct in analyzing patients with subjective and/or objective weakness in their hands after flexor tendon surgery. PMID- 7037925 TI - Free tissue transfers for upper extremity reconstruction. AB - This study is a functional analysis of 18 free tissue transfers with a 1-to 4 year follow-up including: Six free skin flaps, two neurovascular free flaps, four free fibula, one free muscle, and three toe-to-thumb transfers. All tranfers survived except for one partial slough. Free skin-flaps allow single-stage skin coverage, a permanent blood supply, earlier secondary surgery, and potential sensory reinnervation. Free fibula transfer for long bone defects offer more rapid healing and incorporation in unfavorable recipient beds than do conventional grafts. Toe-to-thumb transfers have proven extremely valuable for thumb reconstruction, especially following multiple digit loss. PMID- 7037926 TI - A protohospice at the turn of the century: St. Luke's House, London, from 1893 to 1921. PMID- 7037927 TI - The interpretation of prescriptive dreams in ancient Greek medicine. PMID- 7037928 TI - The English Sweating sickness (sudor Anglicus): a reappraisal. PMID- 7037929 TI - Laennec as a critical pathologist. PMID- 7037931 TI - A young woman taken to the doctor by her family. Mezzotint by Johann Andreas Pfeffel after an original painting by Jan Josef Horemans. PMID- 7037930 TI - The British medical response to opiate addiction in the nineteenth century. PMID- 7037932 TI - 'To be dissected and anatomized'. PMID- 7037933 TI - Dr Edward P. Crowell (1856-1934), Cape Codder, and the Black Slipper. PMID- 7037934 TI - Immunocytochemical analysis of the rat pineal gland using antisera generated against analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). AB - Antisera generated against synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) or analogs of LHRH, agonists and antagonist, were used to stain the rat pineal gland and the median eminence of the hypothalamus. Of the LHRH analogs used, two revealed immunoreactive material in median eminence and not pineal, two stained pineal only, and three stained median eminence and pineal. Our observations suggest that the immunoreactive material in the pineal gland may be an LHRH-like substance whose affinity characteristics are different from that of hypothalamic LHRH. The affinity properties of hypothalamic LHRH for antibody appear to reside in the C-terminus of the molecule, whereas binding of the antigen in the pineal to antibody appear to be influenced by an N-terminal modification of the LHRH molecule. PMID- 7037935 TI - Quick-freezing and freeze-drying in preparation for high quality morphology and immunocytochemistry at the ultrastructural level: application to pancreatic beta cell. AB - Quick-freeze fixation and freeze-dry methods were used successfully to obtain ultrastructural localization of insulin in the pancreatic beta cell by the unlabeled antibody-enzyme technique. In unosmicated freeze-fixed and freeze-dried islets, insulin was specifically demonstrated over the dense core of the secretory granules. In osmicated freeze-fixed and freeze-dried islets, insulin antigenicity withstood the osmium tetroxide vapor treatment. In addition, the surrounding ultrastructural resolution of morphologic features was significantly improved, which allowed insulin to be localized not only in secretory granules, but also in intracellular membranous compartments, with a degree of confidence not heretofore possible. Extracellular sites of insulin positivity in the islet were also localized and possible exocytotic activity for showing insulin release was observed. PMID- 7037937 TI - Versatility of biotin-labeled lectins and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex for localization of carbohydrate in tissue sections. AB - Carbohydrate residues in tissue can be localized by a very sensitive, specific, and simple technique, utilizing a biotin-labeled lectin followed by an avidin biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC). Distribution of peanut receptors in benign and malignant tissues was found to be quite different. Normal colonic mucosa occasionally shows small dot staining in the supranuclear cytoplasm, while the tumor cells of colonic adenocarcinoma tend to show diffuse cytoplasmic or membranous staining. Normal breast ductal epithelium shows membranous staining at luminal borders, while medullary carcinoma of the breast shows distinct membranous and cytoplasmic staining. The use of this avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique may contribute to understanding the process of tumorigenesis as well as providing a sensitive method to determine early stages of malignant transformation. PMID- 7037936 TI - Immunocytochemical and autoradiographic demonstration of prolactin binding to human breast cancer cells in tissue culture. AB - Specific binding of human prolactin to human breast cancer cells in culture was demonstrated for the first time by immunocytochemistry ad autoradiography. Using the former technique, it was found that prolactin binding to the cell surface was heterogeneous: some cells showing intense to moderate peroxidase reaction product and some cells showing absence of reaction product. After the cells were incubated with 125I-labeled prolactin and then embedded in plastic, autoradiography of sections revealed both surface-localized and intracellular silver grains, the latter suggesting internalization of prolactin. These two cytological techniques are useful for visualizing prolactin binding to human breast cancer cells and are applicable to studies on prolactin binding in human breast cancer. PMID- 7037938 TI - Immunocytochemical detection of lymphocyte surface antigens in fixed tissue sections. PMID- 7037939 TI - Immunohistochemical identification of mast cells in paraffin- and epon-embedded tissues using platelet factor 41. AB - An immunoperoxidase method has been developed for staining heparin in the granules of mast cells. The method employs human platelet factor 4 (or anti heparin) and a rabbit antiserum to this polypeptide. Platelet factor 4 binds to mast cell heparin and provides the basis for immunoperoxidase staining using the rabbit antiserum. Preliminary studies of mast cells in various tissues indicate that the stain is quite specific for the content of mast cell granules, presumably heparin and possibly other glycosaminoglycans. PMID- 7037940 TI - Immunocytochemical identification of dye-injected cells. AB - Lucifer Yellow CH may be injected into pancreatic islet cells and visualized in Epon sections of the embedded tissue both before and after plastic removal and immunocyto-chemical staining. The dye retains its fluorescence, clearly marking the injected cell and adjacent dye-coupled cells, but does not interfere with the indirect immunofluorescent staining patterns that are characteristic of the islet cells PMID- 7037941 TI - Immunohistological localization of desmin, the muscle-type 100 A filament protein, in rat astrocytes and Muller glia. AB - The distribution of glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein and desmin was compared in cryostat sections of rat brain, spinal cord, and eye by immunofluorescence and peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) staining. Desmin antisera were raised to antigen purified from chicken gizzard. In rat brain and spinal cord, GFA protein and desmin were selectively localized in astrocytes. Neurons and axons were not stained. The only difference between GFA and desmin antisera was the staining of smooth muscle in small arteries with anti-desmin. It was only in retinal glia that a difference in the localization of the two proteins was apparent. As previously reported, only the glia limitans on the inner surface of the retina was demonstrated with GFA antisera in the normal eye. With anti-desmin Muller fibers spanning the whole thickness of the retina were stained. It is concluded that GFA and desmin form two distinct systems of 100 A filaments in astroglia, as previously reported for GFA and vimentin. PMID- 7037942 TI - A comparative study of the use of monoclonal antibodies using three different immunohistochemical methods: an evaluation of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against human prostatic acid phosphatase. AB - The use of immunohistochemical methods has been advocated for the detection and localization of prostatic acid phosphatase in paraffin sections of human prostate. This article explores the possible advantages of utilizing monoclonal antibodies in this method. Monoclonal antibodies, specific for human prostatic acid phosphatase, were integrated into three different immunohistochemical procedures. In the first method, a three-layer peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) system was employed; the monoclonal antibody was followed by rabbit bridge antibody directed against mouse immunoglobulin and mouse PAP complex. The second method was a three-layer system utilizing biotin-labeled horse anti-mouse antibody as "bridge" antiserum between the primary monoclonal antibody and an avidin-biotin-horseradish peroxidase complex. The third method was a four-layer system; the monoclonal antibody was followed by rabbit anti-mouse serum, swine anti-rabbit immunoglobulin as the bridge antibody and rabbit PAP complex. It was found that some, but not all, monoclonal antibodies can be used for the detection of prostatic acid phosphatase in paraffin sections. The four-layer PAP method was found to be the most sensitive method of the three systems tested; however, the avidin-biotin method required the least amount of time. No significant difference in the quality of staining was observed between monoclonal antibodies and carefully absorbed conventional antiserum. PMID- 7037943 TI - Ultrastructural localization of salivary acidic proline-rich proteins from Macaca fascicularis. AB - Using an indirect immunoferritin method, the subcellular distribution of acidic proline-rich proteins (MPRP) in the acinar cells of the macaque parotid and submandibular glands was defined. MPRP was found in the "spherule" substructure of the secretory granules as well as in specific Golgi transfer vesicles and in vesicles budding from the Golgi apparatus. The data suggest that the acidic proline-rich proteins of the primate Macaca fascicularis are synthesized and packaged by conventional exocrine mechanisms. In addition, these proteins appear to be packaged and transferred to the secretory granules of parotid and submandibular gland acinar cells as discrete aggregates that remain as a separate "spherule" area in the secretory granules. PMID- 7037944 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of acid alpha-glucosidase in rat liver. AB - Acid alpha-glucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.3) was purified more than 60,000-fold from rat liver. Antibody was obtained by injection of this pure enzyme into rabbits with Freund's complete adjuvant. The resultant anti-acid alpha-glucosidase immunoglobulin (Ig) G was digested with pepsin and then F(ab')2 was treated with 2-mercaptoethanol. Coupling of Fab' to horseradish peroxidase was performed according to the method of Wilson and Nakane. Light microscopic observation of the immunohistochemical localization of this enzyme in rat hepatocytes revealed small granular deposits of diaminobenzidine reaction products. The reaction diffusely observed in the hepatocyte cytoplasm of any area. Under the electron microscope, the reaction precipitates were found to be located on the lysosome membrane, particularly on the inner side of the membrane, as small dots. The small vesicles were strongly positive for this reaction. Occasionally positive reaction were also demonstrated in the lumen of the secondary lysosomes. However, the Golgi and its associated structures did not show a positive reaction. PMID- 7037945 TI - Localization of kallikrein in the rat kidney and its anatomical relationship to renin. AB - The anatomical relationship between kallikrein and renin in the rat kidney was investigated immunohistochemically by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Kallikrein was localized to the convoluted distal tubule, starting at a point, distal to the juxtaglomerular apparatus, where the thick ascending limb of loop of Henle transformed into the convoluted distal tubule. The thick ascending limb was identified by its content of uromucoid (Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein). Kallikrein was never observed within the juxtaglomerular apparatus itself. The kallikrein-containing tubule ended where the distal tubule submerged into the collecting duct. Renin was found in epitheloid cells of the afferent arteriole. When neighboring sections were stained for kallikrein and renin, respectively, no close anatomical relationship was observed between the kallikrein-containing and the renin-containing structures. PMID- 7037947 TI - Characterization of resistance plasmids and carried phages in an epidemic clone of multi-resistant Salmonella typhimurium in India. AB - Hospital outbreaks of severe gastroenteritis caused by multi-resistant Salmonella typhimurium have occurred in a number of cities throughout India since 1977. The strains involved belong to phage types 66 or 122, or are untypable; the latter are derived from types 66 or 122 by acquisition of one or more of a number of temperate bacteriophages. Types 66 and 122 are closely related and react with the same phages of the S. typhimurium typing scheme. A plasmid belonging to compatibility group F1me encoding resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulphonamides, spectinomycin, tetracyclines, gentamicin and trimethoprim (R-type ACKSSuSpTGTm) is present in all of the multi-resistant strains. Several other plasmids have been identified including an SSu resistance determinant, a group I2 transfer factor and an R factor coding for resistance to kanamycin, streptomycin and sulphonamides which is compatible with plasmids of all the standard compatibility groups. These plasmids are only present in a proportion of the strains examined. Examination of strains from other sources has identified a paediatric hospital outbreak in Saudi Arabia and a number of sporadic infections in Great Britain which have been caused by the same organisms. These studies show that, despite differences in phage type and plasmid content, this group of strains belongs to a single clone which has become widespread in India with some extension to other countries. PMID- 7037946 TI - Comparison of agglutination, complement fixation and immunofluorescence tests in Campylobacter jejuni infections. AB - Good antibody responses usually follow infection with Campylobacter jejuni. A comparison of agglutination, complement fixation and immunofluorescence tests was done on 55 sera from 40 sporadic patients with diarrhoeal disease and positive cultures for C. jejuni. Results showed 82% positive with immunofluorescence, 62% by complement fixation but only 38% by agglutination, using two reference strains COP and MEL as antigens. Overall 90% of the 40 patients were positive by one or more serological tests. Paired sera from 15 patients showed a fourfold or greater rise in only five, confirming previous observations that antibody formation occurs early in the course of infection. Results also suggest that different test systems may be detecting antibodies of different specificities. Results confirm the value of serological tests, but further information on serotypes is required for selection of suitable reference strains. PMID- 7037948 TI - A medium for the rapid enumeration of Escherichia coli in the presence of other faecal coliforms in tropical waters. AB - A selective membrane filtration medium is described for use in the rapid assessment of water quality in tropical countries where the incidence of faecal coliforms other than E. coli presents problems in the interpretation of results. The medium gives comparable results to MPN values obtained in the multiple tube dilution test using modified Gray's glutamate medium, and to membrane filtration counts obtained using M-FC broth and membrane-enriched Teepol broth, whilst differentiation of E. coli is enhanced. PMID- 7037949 TI - Quantitation and analysis of the specificity of post-immunization antibodies to influenza B viruses using single radial haemolysis. AB - The single radial haemolysis (SRH) technique detected anti-B/HK/8/73 HA antibody rises in 59-85% of paired sera from persons immunized with different influenza vaccines. In contrast, analysis of the same sera by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test indicated significant antibody rises in only 27-54% of paired sera. High levels of antibody were detected to influenza B/HK/8/73 and B/Singapore/222/79 viruses in post-immunization sera analysed by SRH, whereas the HI test indicated comparatively low geometric means antibody titres. Most adults responded to immunization with influenza B virus by producing cross-reactive (CR) antibody which reacted with different influenza B viruses including the early isolate B/Lee/40. PMID- 7037950 TI - Immune recognition in the streptococcal carditis of mice: the role of macrophages in the generation of heart-reactive lymphocytes. AB - The role of immune T cells and of streptococcus-pulsed M phi in the production of cardiac lesions, as well as the ability of M phi to present streptococcal antigens to mouse lymphocytes, was investigated. Cells of mice infected with extracts of group A streptococcus were able to induce the appearance of heart lesions when transferred to syngeneic receptors as well as to transfer DTH reactions to syngeneic heart extracts. Streptococcus-pulsed M phi were also able to induce heart lesions and an increase in the serum CPK activity when injected into syngeneic receptors. This last phenomenon was only observed in mice aged 5 mo or more. Furthermore, it was shown in an in vitro model of T cell proliferation that peritoneal M phi pulsed with group A streptococci are able to induce a specific response to syngeneic cardiac extracts. M phi pulsed with group G streptococcus failed to induce such a response. Those findings are discussed as part of a model for the induction of rheumatic cardiac lesions in which M phi display a central role by selecting antigenic determinants from the pathogenic organism for presentation to immunocompetent cells. PMID- 7037951 TI - Antigenic requirement for induced rejection of long-surviving murine heart transplants. AB - Primarily vascularized B10.BR mouse cardiac allografts survive long-term in untreated B6AF1 recipients. We found that sudden complete rejection of the grafts was produced by sequential "triple treatment" with BCG, cyclophosphamide, and a small number of donor-strain lymphocytes. Neither the graft itself, nor donor strain platelets or frozen-thawed lymphocytes were an effective substitute for the intact donor-strain lymphocytes. Thus the long-surviving graft presents target antigens but lacks the antigenic characteristics required to stimulate a rejection response that are expressed on lymphocytes. PMID- 7037952 TI - Characterization of the human cellular immune response to purified group A streptococcal blastogen A1. AB - The human mononuclear cell response to purified extracellular streptococcal protein, blastogen A, was compared to the response of these cells to PHA and tetanus antigen. Blastogen A induced peak uptake of thymidine during day 6 of tissue culture whereas PHA induced peak uptake during day 5 and tetanus during day 8. Like PHA, blastogen A transformed human umbilical cord lymphocytes and those of nonimmune animals. Also like PHA, blastogen A transformed primarily T lymphocytes. However, unlike PHA, the ability of T lymphocytes to respond to blastogen A was almost completely dependent on the presence of viable non-T lymphocytes. Monocytes were not as effective in facilitating the response to blastogen A as they were for PHA. Thus, blastogen A behaves most like a polyclonal T lymphocyte mitogen, although the degree of dependence of the transformation response on the presence of non-T lymphocytes is much greater than that of PHA. PMID- 7037953 TI - In vitro alternative pathway activation of complement by the brush border of proximal tubules of normal rat kidney. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate which structures of the nephron, if any, are capable of directly activating the complement (C) system. To this end, two sets of experiments were performed. First, activation of C was assessed on sections of frozen kidney tissue, using the indirect immunofluorescence technique for the demonstration of C fixation. Second, glomerular or tubular fractions of kidney were incubated with normal fresh serum, and subsequent C consumption was measured. The data obtained support the interpretation that the brush border of proximal tubules activates the alternative pathway of the C system. This phenomenon may have pathogenic significance in conditions of aselective proteinuria. PMID- 7037954 TI - Induction of splenic T cell proliferation by lipid A in mice immunized with sheep red blood cells. AB - The stimulatory effect of alkali-treated lipid A on the in vivo proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes was investigated by determining 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA after cell separation by nylon wool adherence. Our experimental model was the primary immune response against SRBC antigen. Mice received a single i.v. injection of alkali-treated lipid A 2 days post-immunization. The splenocytic IgG plaque response was enhanced but the IgM-plaque response was not. On the 4th day postimmunization, 2H-thymidine uptake by the B cell population was not amplified. However, the splenocytic DNA content was increased in immunized, adjuvant-treated mice, and the radioactivity count in T lymphocytes of lipid A-treated mice was approximately twice that of lipid-untreated animals. We conclude that alkali treated lipid A enhances T cell proliferation in mice immunized with red blood cells. PMID- 7037955 TI - Elevated direct and IgM enhanced ADCC activity in multiple sclerosis patients. PMID- 7037957 TI - Antibodies to the protective antigen of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites prevent entry into cultured cells. PMID- 7037956 TI - Restricted deposition of C3 on M+ group A streptococci: correlation with resistance to phagocytosis. AB - In this report, the mechanism of resistance to phagocytosis by group A streptococci and the participation of M protein in this process were studied. A quantitative fluorometric immunoassay was used to determine the amount of the opsonic third component of complement, C3, fixed by group A streptococci in the presence and absence of M protein. In the absence of M protein, phagocytosis was found to be dependent on the amount of C3 fixed. However, when M protein was present, the streptococci still bound sufficient C3 to have promoted phagocytosis, yet none was observed. Further investigation using immunofluorescent microscopy demonstrated that the C3 fixed to M+ chains was confined to dense patches, interspaced by areas devoid of detectable C3. This uneven distribution of C3 was dependent on the presence of a trypsin-sensitive structure; most likely the M protein. The significance of this restricted C3 deposition with respect to resistance to phagocytosis by group A streptococci is discussed. PMID- 7037959 TI - Specific binding of leukocyte inhibitory factor to neutrophil plasma membranes. AB - The interaction of leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF), a lymphokine that acts as a cell-directed inhibitor of neutrophil locomotion, with the plasma membrane of its target cell was studied. LIF bound specifically to intact neutrophils and to neutrophil plasma membrane vesicles but not to intact macrophages, erythrocytes, or plasma membrane vesicles obtained from these cells. Although LIF adhered tightly to the neutrophil plasma membrane and was not removed by extensive washing, LIF activity could be eluted with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Elution with galactose, fucose, and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine did not remove LIF from the neutrophil plasma membrane. Similarly, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, but not galactose, interfered with the binding of LIF to neutrophil plasma membrane vesicles. It is proposed that LIF binds to a high-affinity neutrophil plasma membrane site and that some intrinsic neutrophil locomotory abnormalities may represent tightly bound inhibitors of migration. PMID- 7037958 TI - Streptococcal group A carbohydrate has properties of both a thymus-independent (TI-2) and a thymus-dependent antigen. AB - Streptococcal group A carbohydrate, which elicits mouse antibody of primarily the IgM and IgG3 isotypes, is relatively nonimmunogenic in nu/nu or xid mice, and thus appears to be a type of TD-2 antigen. The TD-2 antigens described previously have been proteins that elicit IgG antibody primarily of the IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes. Our findings indicate that TD-2 properties may also be a characteristic of at least some carbohydrate antigens that can elicit IgG antibody predominantly of the IgG3 class. PMID- 7037960 TI - Studies on the behavior of H-Y incompatible skin grafts in rats. AB - Studies on the behavior of H-Y incompatible skin grafts in rats indicate that 1) there is considerable variation in the ability of females of different strains to reject male skin isografts; 2) small, male trunk skin isografts are more likely to be rejected than similarly sized ear or tail skin grafts; 3) other factors besides the MHC plan an important role in determining the ability of females to reject male skin isografts; 4) the ability of adult male skin grafts to induce unresponsiveness to H-Y depends upon their size (large grafts are more effective than small) and the genotype of the host; 5) even in those strains in which females usually accept small, male trunk skin isografts, such grafts are acutely rejected by sensitized females; and 6) the total amount of H-Y incompatible trunk skin the host is exposed to, rather than the size of each graft, determines their fate. PMID- 7037961 TI - Immunosuppressive effect of mouse serum lipoproteins. II. In vivo studies. AB - Normal mouse serum lipoproteins suppress a number of immunologic functions, such as mitogen stimulation, primary immune response, and allograft rejection in vivo. The effects of one class of lipoproteins, high density lipoprotein (HDL), were investigated after i.v. administration. Maximum suppression of spleen and peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) mitogen stimulation occurred when HDL was administered up to 8 hr before testing. Spleen cells remained suppressed 48 hr after injection, while PBL regained most of their activities. Injection of HDL 24 hr after sheep red blood cell (SRBC) immunization was as effective as giving HDL 8 hr before SRBC in suppressing primary immune response to SRBC. Induction of T cell allograft immunity was also suppressed by the injection of HDL. PMID- 7037962 TI - The production of anti-idiotypic antibodies and of idiotype-anti-idiotype immune complexes after polyclonal activation induced by bacterial LPS. PMID- 7037963 TI - Mac-1 antigen: quantitative expression in macrophage populations and tissues, and immunofluorescent localization in spleen. PMID- 7037964 TI - IgG subclass distribution of anti-sheep red blood cell plaque-forming cells in mice with the CBA/N defect. AB - The IgG subclass distribution of anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) plaque-forming cells (PFC) in CBA/N, CBA/Ca, and (CBA/N X CBA/Ca)F1 male and female mice was examined. The results show that the X-linked immunodeficiency of CBA/N mice affects the development of anti-SRBC PFC of all IgG subclasses tested. PMID- 7037965 TI - IgA-producing hybridomas are readily derived from gut-associated lymphoid tissue. AB - Eight hybridomas secreting IgA monoclonal antibodies were obtained by using gut associated lymphoid tissue as a primed plasmablast source. IgA secretors are obtained at higher frequencies by this technique than by conventional splenic fusions. This technique provides useful tools for the study of mucosal protection, and it demonstrates that exaggerated potential of gut-derived B cells, compared to splenic B cells, for IgA expression. PMID- 7037966 TI - A sensitive and quantitative fluorescence assay for cell surface antigens. AB - A procedure is described for the assay of cell surface antigens based on quantitative fluorometry. Fluorescent immunospheres are coupled with sheep anti mouse immunoglobulins or Protein A and used to detect specific antibody bound to target cells. The fluorescent sphere assay described here offers 16--128-fold greater sensitivity than complement mediated lysis or Protein A radioimmune assays and comparable sensitivity to rosetting assays. In addition, the assay is simple to perform, uses commercially available reagents and is completely objective in that a common laboratory fluorometer is used to obtain fluorescence measurements. PMID- 7037967 TI - A rapid antibody assay system for screening hybridoma cultures. AB - A procedure for the rapid qualitative assay of large numbers of antibody samples is described which has been extensively used for primary screening of mouse spleen cell-myeloma hybrids making monoclonal antibodies. It is a handling modification of standard indirect immunofluorescence of immunoperoxidase techniques which involves in situ localisation of antigens in a fixed and dried monolayer of cells on plastic culture dishes. The method is quick and economical and does not depend on hazardous reagents or specialised detection equipment. PMID- 7037968 TI - The specificity of commercial conjugates to human immunoglobulins: results of performance tests on monoclonal and polyclonal plasma cells and lymphocytes. AB - The activity and the specificity of 29 fluorochrome conjugated antisera against human immunoglobulin heavy and light chains were evaluated by performance testing with the direct technique of immunofluorescence using plasma cells and lymphocytes as biological substrates. Fifteen conjugates gave satisfactory results in the detection and classification of cytoplasmic and surface bound immunoglobulins and were therefore considered specific. Fourteen conjugates did not meet the required standards. The usefulness of the biological substrates for quality control tests is discussed. PMID- 7037969 TI - The effect of IgG aggregate size and concentration on reactivity in immune complex assays. AB - The reactivity of heat-aggregated IgG of known size, in the Raji cell assay, the C1q binding assay and the C1q solid phase radioimmunoassay as a function of concentration, has been investigated. Marked differences were found in the way that the three assays behave when the IgG concentration and aggregate size are varied. These findings indicate the pitfalls in attempting to express the results of immune complex assays performed on biological fluids in terms of equivalent concentrations of aggregated IgG. PMID- 7037970 TI - Chemotaxis under agarose: dependence upon polymorphonuclear leukocyte density. AB - Since the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) responding to a chemotactic stimulus in the Boyden chamber is influenced by the cell density, we studied whether this variable was important in determining chemotaxis under agarose. The chemotactic index was determined by summing the product of each cell that had migrated from the chemotactic well by its distance and correcting this sum for random migration. Cell density (number of PMN per mm2 surface area of the agarose plate well) influenced the number of cells responding to the chemotactic stimulus. Only when more than 1.8 x 10(2) PMN/mm2 were used was chemotaxis then detected. For cell densities greater than this number, there was a highly positive correlation between cell density and chemotactic index (P less than 0.001). These findings are consistent with previous reports and indicate that PMN density is a critical variable when using the agarose method. In addition, these studies provide further evidence for cellular cooperation in the initial phases of the chemotactic response. PMID- 7037971 TI - Statistical package for analysis of competition ELISA results. AB - A computation and analysis program has been assembled to facilitate the use of competition ELISA and similar assays for studies of antigen regulation and turnover. The program fits sigmoidal standard curves using a 4-parameter logistic function, determines amounts of antigen from the equation which defines the standard curve, and calculates specific activities by linear regression of the levels of antigen in varying amounts of total protein. An optional weighting function is provided to adjust for systematic non-uniform variance. Outlying points are identified during the linear regression, and the user may delete them or redefine the acceptable working range of the standard curve. The program provides a complete print-out of the data and optional plots of the fitted standard curve and the regression analysis of the samples, as well as statistics which are useful for quality control. It also provides the option of storing the data points from the standard curve on magnetic diskettes. The package is written in BASIC for a Wang Model 2200 computer equipped with a magnetic diskette drive, line printer, and flat-bed X-Y plotter, but it is readily adaptable to other systems and input/output devices. PMID- 7037972 TI - An indirect immunofluorescence staining procedure for detection of human Fc gamma receptors on streptococci. AB - Fc gamma receptors on streptococci are usually revealed by hemagglutinating techniques (IgG coated red blood cells) or uptake of radiolabeled IgG. The results obtained with these methods are not always satisfactory. For this reason, we developed a technique involving indirect immunofluorescence staining. Bacterial smears were treated with human Fc gamma fragment and their binding to streptococcal Fc gamma receptors was revealed by a fluorescent F(ab')2 fragment of anti-human Fc gamma sheep antibodies purified on an IgG immunosorbent. These purified sheep F(ab')2 fragments did not contain any IgG nor Fc gamma as shown by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Under these conditions indirect immunofluorescence staining was a highly specific and sensitive method of detecting Fc gamma receptors on streptococci. Distribution of Fc gamma receptors was studied in 237 streptococcal strains of human origin belonging to groups A, B, C, D and G; these receptors were also looked for in 21 strains of alpha hemolytic streptococci which did not possess the group carbohydrate and 12 strains of pneumococci. Fc gamma receptors were found only in group A, C and G streptococci, but all strains of these groups did not possess Fc gamma receptors. PMID- 7037973 TI - Inhibition of L-cell growth in agarose (ILGA): a simple inexpensive method for the detection and quantitation of factors inhibiting tumor cell growth. AB - By taking advantage of the ability of L-929 tumor cells to grow in agarose, we have developed an in vitro method for detecting tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a potent inhibitor of tumor cell growth. When placed in a well cut in agarose containing L-cells, TNF inhibits L-cell growth in the area adjacent to the well. The size of this area of growth inhibition is proportional to the amount of TNF placed in the well. The size of this area of growth inhibition is proportional to the amount of TNF placed in the well. This assay can be used to monitor TNF activity during purification procedures and may also prove useful in the analysis of other factors interfering with tumor cell proliferation. PMID- 7037974 TI - A quantitative assay for the measurement of immune responses directed against the human placenta. AB - A quantitative in vitro immune assay based on the classical chromium release assay has been developed to detect immune responses directed against alien antigens expressed by the developing foetus and present on the maternal-facing surface of the human placenta. A plasma membrane fraction from the surface of the placenta was prepared and the vesicles thus formed were radiolabelled with 51 Cr. The 51Cr-labelled vesicles, by various criteria, were found to be suitable for use as targets in a 'release assay'. Further, by means of experimentally immunised animals, the target membranes were shown to be capable of detecting both cellular and humoral anti-placental activity. PMID- 7037975 TI - Immunologic technic. PMID- 7037976 TI - The influence of culture conditions on the suppression of lymphocyte transformation by salicylate. AB - Therapeutic concentrations of salicylate enhanced or inhibited human lymphocyte PHA transformation, depending on the conditions of culture. Response to salicylate were influenced by serum and cell concentration, PHA mitogenic activity and concentration. In particular, pre-incubation of the mononuclear cell population, in salicylate-free medium, made lymphocyte transformation more susceptible to inhibition. The results suggest that the inhibitory effect of salicylate on lymphocyte transformation may be mitigated by a factor released form adherent mononuclear cells. The extent to which culture conditions influence the results of this test emphasise its limitations for assessing the effects of drugs on lymphocyte function in vivo. PMID- 7037977 TI - Oocytes react with antibody directed against H-2 but not Ia antigens. PMID- 7037978 TI - Medical museum notes. PMID- 7037979 TI - [Various methods of spread of bladder tumours (author's transl)]. AB - The authors undertake a complete review of the literature concerning the various methods of spread of bladder tumours. They successively consider spread through the thickness of the bladder wall, surface extension, direct implantation of exfoliated cells, lymphatic spread, and venous dissemination both in the bladder wall as well as to the viscera by metastases. It is difficult to give a brief analysis of such an exhaustive review. However, a number of facts are worthy of emphasis: --the frequency of invasion of the seminal vesicles and the prostate; - the reliability of combined clinical, radiological and endoscopic findings, which may be used to differentiate deep tumours and superficial tumours in more than 80% of cases; --the importance of methods which await development, such as the scanner and, above all, ultrasound techniques; --the importance of study of the vesical mucosa at a distance from the tumour itself, both by fluorescent cystoscopic methods, as well as by distant biopsies (30 to 50% of premalignant cell changes found in cystoscopically normal zones); --the frequency if invasion of the terminal portions of the ureters (10% on average) and of the urethra (12 to 15%); --the prognostic gravity of tumour emboli in the intraparietal lymph vessels, the presence of which reduces the chances of cure at 5 years by two thirds; --the usual limitation of the first lymph node spread to the external iliac and hypogastric vessels with the exception of tumours of the bladder neck, where the first lymph node spread occurs to the aortic bifurcation; --the gravity of the presence of emboli in the parietal veins which reduces chances of survival at 5 years by half; --finally, the recently recognized frequency of secondary bone tumours; --and the supposed frequency of infraclinical metastases which would be a considerable argument in favour of complementary chemotherapy in therapeutic protocol for carcinomas of the bladder. PMID- 7037980 TI - [Triamterene induced nephrolithiasis (author's transl)]. AB - Various studies have demonstrated a relationship between nephrolithiasis and the ingestion of certain drugs. We are particularly interested in the effects of triamterene. Five published case studies on patients of both sexes between 43 and 60 years of age have proven that a regular consumption of normal doses of triamterene has a direct effect upon the formation of renal stones. The stones analysed by infra-red spectrophotometry during the above observations contained from 20 to 100% of triamterene and it's metabolite hydroxytriamterene, following a daily consumption of 150 to 350 mg during a period of 6 to 38 months. It has been confirmed that triamterene and it's metabolite hydroxytriamterene are very poorly soluble and super-saturate the urine for a brief period following the ingestion of the drug. Triamterene might also intervene in the initial phenomena of nucleation. It is therefore recommended that triamterene be used with caution in those patients presenting a history of nephrolithiasis. The existence of drug induced nephrolithiasis reinforces the importance of the technique of renal stone analysis, and the necessity of a systematic study of all renal stones found. This will allow us to develop the study of the correlations between the different episodes of renal stone disease, the nature of the treatment undertaken and the systematic analysis, layer by layer, of the stone. PMID- 7037981 TI - A new oral vaccine against typhoid fever. PMID- 7037982 TI - A controlled field trial of live Salmonella typhi strain Ty 21a oral vaccine against typhoid: three-year results. AB - A controlled field trial of Salmonella typhi strain Ty 21a oral vaccine against typhoid was carried out in Alexandria, Egypt, from March 1978 to March 1981. A total of 32,388 children was included in the study. The children were divided in two comparable groups, one given three doses of vaccine and the other three doses of placebo. Each dose of vaccine contained 1-8 X 10(9) live Ty 21a bacteria. The population was monitored, and each suspected case of typhoid was investigated bacteriologically and serologically. The effectiveness of the vaccine was assessed by analyzing the number of confirmed cases of typhoid fever in the two groups. The incidence of typhoid fever was 4.9 cases per 10,000 children per year in the control group and 0.2 cases per 10,000 children per year in the vaccine group. The results indicate that, in the dose schedule used, the Ty 21a mutant strain, which is stable and safe, is protective for a period of at least three years. PMID- 7037983 TI - Parenteral administration of live respiratory syncytial virus vaccine: results of a field trial. AB - A live respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine administered parenterally was evaluated for efficacy in a double-blind, placebo-controlled field trial in 510 children six to 47 months of age. Among the 233 recipients of live RSV vaccine, 68 of 98 initially seronegative children (as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) developed antibody to RSV; 25 of the 30 initially seronegative children who did not develop antibody were less than 12 months old, which suggested that very low levels of maternal antibody (undetectable by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) inhibited replication of the vaccine virus. The children were monitored for the occurrence of naturally acquired RSV infection in two RSV epidemics, and there was no difference in the frequency of upper or lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV between the live RSV vaccine recipients who developed vaccine-induced antibody and the placebo vaccine recipients. Thus, this live RSV vaccine administered parenterally was not efficacious. PMID- 7037984 TI - Gaps in therapy for infectious diseases: a historical perspective. PMID- 7037985 TI - William C. Keettel, M.D. 1911-1981. PMID- 7037986 TI - Older Iowans and primary health care: today and tomorrow. PMID- 7037987 TI - [Eduard Buchner (1860-1917): a biographical essay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037988 TI - [Signal of lymphocyte activation and phospholipid metabolism in plasma membrane (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037989 TI - [Transports in animal cells and the role of monovalent cations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037990 TI - [Analbuminemic rats (NAR) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037991 TI - [Steroid hormone receptors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037992 TI - [Muscle beta-actinin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037994 TI - [Enzyme immunoassay of prolactin]. PMID- 7037993 TI - [Studies on pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) by enzymeimmunoassay (author's transl)]. AB - We developed a highly sensitive EIA for determination of SP1. The detection limit was 5ng/ml, and the correlation of EIA and RIA was extremely good (SAWAKI et al., 1980). Using this method, we found that SP1 was detected even in the serum at 12 days of ovulation. The concentration of SP1 in cord blood was on average 127ng/ml (24-540ng/ml). SP1 in newborn serum was 126ng/ml (22-355ng/ml) in 1st, and almost undetected in 4th day. SP1 in urine was 9.7ng/ml in the 5th week of pregnancy, 1,210ng/ml at peak in the 32th week, and in after delivery was 439ng/ml in 1st day and afterwards descended to 6ng/ml in 8th day. In 2 infertile women SP1 was detected in the sera of 14 days after ovulation. This suggests that SP1 measurment might be useful in the diagnosis of occult pregnancy. Three patients with throphoblastic disease were found to have regression curves for both HCG and SP1. The sera of 39 patients with uterine cervical carcinoma were examined to determine the occurrence of elevated SP1 levels. Ten of 27 patients before treatment had increased SP1 levels while only one of 12 patients had an increased SP1 level after treatment. PMID- 7037995 TI - [Studies on degradation of cartilage proteoglycan by rheumatoid synovial tissue. Part I: On the degraded products of proteoglycan (author's transl)]. AB - The degradation of MgCl2-extracted proteoglycans (PG) from bovine nasal and articular cartilage was performed by using human rheumatoid synovial tissue extract, and the products were compared with that of being degraded by different commercially available proteases. 2. Degradation of PG by crude synovial extract occurred under the wide range of pH, and the degradation products showed the changes as follows; 1) a decrease of viscosity, 2) a decrease of hydrodynamic size, 3) an increase of electrophoretic mobility, 4) no change of the length of glycosaminoglycan side chains, 5) an increase of chondroitin sulfate relative to keratan sulfate in precipitate with 1% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), and 6) an increase of serine content in precipitate with 1% CPC. 3. The average hydrodynamic size of degradation products by crude synovial extract was larger than that of degradation products by pronase or papain. 4. The results indicate that the proteases play the main role on the PG-degrading activity of rheumatoid synovial tissue extract but the glycosidase play no significant role. PMID- 7037996 TI - [Studies on degradation of cartilage proteoglycan by rheumatoid synovial tissue. Part II: On the property of acid and neutral proteases obtained from rheumatoid synovial tissue (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Proteolytic enzymes are likely to play the main role on the proteoglycan (PG) degrading activity of rheumatoid synovium. In this paper, the presence of cathepsin D, cathepsin B, lysosomal elastase and cathepsin G in rheumatoid synovium is established by isolation, purification, and characterization of these proteases. 2. The degradation of MgCl2-extracted PG from bovine nasal cartilage was performed by using these proteases and the property of the products was studied by the viscosity, Sepharose CL-4B chromatography, Agarose/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, hexosamine analysis and amino acids analysis. 3. These proteases reduced the viscosity of PG solutions and the reaction was inhibited by addition of pepstatin, antipain, elastatinal and chymostatin for each protease. 4. The size and chemical composition of the degradation products varied with the different proteases. Of the four proteases, cathepsin G produced the largest glycosaminoglycan multi-chain peptides and cathepsin B produced the smallest contained chondroitin single-chain peptide. Each protease specifically split PG core protein and the degradation products particularly indicated the characteristic structure of core peptides. 5. The results suggest that these proteases may be contributed to the breakdown of cartilage PG in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7037997 TI - [Drug therapy of malignant tumors of the bone and soft tissues]. PMID- 7037998 TI - [Immunomodulating effect of levamisole on cell-mediated immunity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7037999 TI - [Studies on the performance of the dental air turbine handpieces. (Part 5) Rotational performance of various kinds of dental air turbine handpieces (N = N0- CvFv gamma) (author's transl)]. AB - Making research on the rotational performance of the dental air turbine handpieces widely used for dental cutting instruments, we investigated with the relation between rotational speed and load on many kinds of dental handpieces used for clinical divisions and with the applications of the theoretical equations to have be shown in the previous report. And then we have the investigation on these properties. Dental handpieces to measured with these properties were classified the four types, standard types, torque type, miniature type and air bearing type. And we applied the experimental equations to these experimental values and determined the rotational coefficients, gamma and Cv. The rotational speed N and normal force Fv, which occurred the maximum work of air turbine handpieces, were calculated with our analysis and then these values of N and Fv were compared with the experimental results. These results, that is, experimental and calculated values have a good agreement and the development of the theoretical approach is useful for the estimation of the rotational performance. And we examined the possibility of rotational performance's estimation with the process of simple experiment on these air turbine handpieces. PMID- 7038001 TI - [Japanese and foreign literature on dental apparatus and materials, XXII. 1980]. PMID- 7038000 TI - [Cast fractures of dental Ni-Cr alloys (author's transl)]. AB - Cast fractures of Ni-Cr alloys were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, electron-probe microanalysis, density measurements, setting and thermal expansion measurements and compressive tests. Three-Ni-Cr alloys for crowns and bridges were cast in spiral configurations by an argon-arc pressured type or an induction argon-pressured type-casting machine. The amount of cast fracture increase with an increase in cast temperature, but not with an increase of holding time at cast temperature. Ni-Cr alloys have more cast fractures in a phosphate-bonded investment than in a gypsum-bonded cristobalite investment. Fracture surfaces have an exposed dendrite structure, indicating the presence of cast porosity. The trigger of cast crack can be a cast porosity and the propagation of crack to fracture may be mainly due to the strength of investments. PMID- 7038002 TI - [Study on vibration etching technique clinical experiment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038003 TI - [Use of magnetics and magnetic alloys in the field of dental prosthesis]. PMID- 7038004 TI - [Immunohistochemical detection of carcinoembryonic antigen]. PMID- 7038005 TI - Mollities et Fragilitas Ossium. PMID- 7038006 TI - The continent ileostomy and ileal reservoir. PMID- 7038007 TI - Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity--a tale of two transports. PMID- 7038008 TI - Opsonization of serum-sensitive and serum-resistant Escherichia coli by rough mutant (Re) antisera. AB - The antibody binding and susceptibility to opsonization of 11 SR and five SS Escherichia coli strains by pooled high-titered rabbit antisera against the core defective Re chemotype mutant of Salmonella minnesota R595 were studied. Binding of antibody was assessed by an IFA method, and the phagocytic rate was quantitated by measurement of the oxygen consumption of PMNs during phagocytosis. A significant correlation was demonstrated between the property of serum sensitivity and both antibody binding (p less than 0.001) and enhanced susceptibility to phagocytosis (p less than 0.01) after opsonization of these E. coli with rough mutant antisera. Opsonic activity was heat-stable and was primarily in the serum igG fraction. Opsonic antibody was reduced markedly by absorption with the methanol-fixed Re mutant but was only partially reduced by absorption with solvent-extracted Re CGL. IgG antibodies capable of mediating phagocytosis and directed against both extractable and nonextractable antigens of the core-defective Re mutant of S. minnesota R595 reacted with strains of E. coli isolated from neutropenic patients. PMID- 7038009 TI - Prostaglandin E2, plasma renin activity, and renal function throughout rabbit pregnancy. AB - In the final trimester of both human and rabbit pregnancy, circulating PGE2 and PRA are increases. The sequence of the increase in PGE2 and its relationship with the rise in PRA have not been studied. In this study we measured serum and urinary PGE2 as well as PRA and creatinine clearance during five 6-day periods throughout rabbit pregnancy. Serum PGE 2 was increased by days 13 through 18 of the 30-day pregnancy. The increase in PRA lagged behind, not occurring until days 19 through 24. Serum PGE2 and PRA seemed to rise further as pregnancy progressed. Urinary PGE2 also rose during pregnancy and paralleled an increase in creatinine clearance. These changes were noted by days 19 through 24, but no further increments were apparent. Administration of indomethacin to a separate group of rabbits between days 21 through 24 of pregnancy decreased urinary PGE2 and PRA but did not reduce either serum PGE2 or creatinine clearance. The time course of the rise in serum PGE2 defined by these studies is consistent with this compound having a possible role in mediating the altered renal hemodynamics of pregnancy. The increase in PRA followed in time the rise in circulating PGE2, suggesting it might be a consequence of enhanced PGE2 synthesis. Renal PGE2 production is also increased during rabbit pregnancy, but the study with indomethacin appears to exclude a primary role for renal PGE2 in the supranormal kidney function of pregnancy. PMID- 7038010 TI - Abnormal red cell membrane proteolytic activity in severe heterozygous beta thalassemia. AB - A 63-year-old man of italian origin with severe heterozygous beta-thalassemia whose clinical condition deteriorated after splenectomy is described. The alpha/beta synthesis ration in the peripheral blood was 3.02 +/- 0.56 and in the bone marrow 1.43. The free alpha-chain pool comprised 73% of the total radioactive alpha-globin in the peripheral blood and 68% in the bone marrow. RBC membranes isolated from erythrocytes incubated in the presence of 14C-leucine were practically devoid of nascent beta-chains with an alpha/beta ratio of 5.12 +/- 1.47, significantly higher than that present in the corresponding hemolysate. RBC membranes from this patient, compared to control membrane preparations, showed increased proteolytic activity directed against tetrameric hemoglobin and beta-hemoglobin chains, with concomitant decreased catabolism of alpha-hemoglobin chains. RBC membranes from individuals with mild beta-thalassemia trait and from transfused patients with homozygous beta-thalassemia degraded alpha-hemoglobin chains more efficiently than those from the patient described. The data suggest that decreased degradation of the alpha-chain by RBC membranes from this patient might lead to progressive accumulation of this polypeptide and expansion of the free alpha-chain pool, which, in turn, may be responsible for the severity of the clinical picture. PMID- 7038011 TI - Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. AB - IgE and IgG antibodies against Af were measured by ELISA in sera from 15 patients with ABPA and compared with antibody levels in six patients with extrinsic asthma and immediate-type skin reactivity to Af (prick skin test 3+ or 4+) but no other evidence for ABPA. The assay used polyvinyl microhemagglutination plates as a solid phase to adsorb antigens of Af and a double-antibody system of class specific anti-human globulin and alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit globulin. IgE-Af and IgG-Af were significantly greater among patients with ABPA than in patients with asthma, suggesting that this assay may be used as an important diagnostic aid. The advantages of ELISA over radioimmunoassay are discussed in regard to early detection of an indolent pulmonary disease. PMID- 7038012 TI - Effect of dipyridamole and prostacyclin on rabbit platelet adherence in vitro and in vivo. AB - The adherence of 51Cr-labeled platelets to the subendothelium of rabbit aortas was inhibited in vitro and in vivo by high concentrations of dipyridamole (100 microM in vitro, 2.5 or 12.5 mg/kg in vivo). Dipyridamole (100 microM) inhibited release of 14C-serotonin from platelets that adhered to the subendothelium or to a collagen-coated glass surface; lower concentrations of dipyridamole had only a slight inhibitory effect. Scanning electron microscopy showed that many of the platelets that adhered to the subendothelium were rounded, with few pseudopodia. The combination of dipyridamole with PGI2 was no more inhibitory of platelet adherence than either agent alone; however, this combination of inhibitors exerted synergistic inhibitory effects on aggregation and release of 14C serotonin from platelets aggregated by collagen. The effects of dipyridamole on platelet adherence are a consequence of the action of dipyridamole alone and do not appear to result from its interaction with PGI2 formed by injured vessels in vivo, since the inhibitory effect is not influenced by aspirin inhibition of PGI2 formation, either at the shear rates in the in vitro studies or under the shear conditions found in rabbit aortas in vivo. PMID- 7038013 TI - Filtration deformability of rabbit pulmonary macrophage. AB - Rabbit PAM deformability was evaluated by positive-pressure filtration through Nucleopore membranes of well-specified pore diameter. The PAM filtration method was standardized and was influenced by apparatus variations (pore size, flow rate, cell concentration), environment (temperature, pH, divalent cations, protein concentration), and differences in PAM cell volume. The influence of phagocyte function on filtration deformability was evaluated by exposing PAMs to pharmacologic and physiologic agents with somewhat exclusive influences on phagocyte physiology. Agents that interact with microfilament contractile protein (N-ethylmaleimide, cytochalasin B) altered deformability profoundly, but no effect was observed with agents interacting with microtubules (vinblastine, colchicine). Agents that cause general PAM activation (phorbol myristate acetate) or stimulate chemotaxis (F-Met-Leu-Phe) increased deformability. On the contrary, PAM deformability was not changed by phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus or latex beads. Pharmacologic agents that alter PAM adhesion (aspirin, indomethacin, physiologic dose hydrocortisone) or inhibit glycolysis (2-deoxyglucose) had no influence on filtration deformability. Filtration PAM deformability reflects passive whole cell rigidity, which appears to be determined by the state of polymerization of the actin-myosin microfilament complex. PMID- 7038014 TI - Epitrochlear presentation of Hodgkin's Disease: report of a case and review or the literature. PMID- 7038015 TI - The early identification of educationally 'at risk' children revisited. PMID- 7038016 TI - Integration of orthodontics with prosthetics and restorative dentistry. PMID- 7038017 TI - Wind instruments: another look. PMID- 7038018 TI - Isolation of rat Leydig cells by density gradient centrifugation. AB - A rapid method for preparing Leydig cells from rat testes is described. An interstitial cell suspension, prepared by collagenase treatment of decapsulated testes, was centrifugal for 10 min over a cushion of 60% (v/v) Percoll to remove red blood cells, and then centrifuged for 20 min in a 0-60% linear density gradient of Percoll. Seventy-four per cent of the cells present in that fraction of the gradient comprising 35-50% Percoll were Leydig cells; the yield from each testis was about 1.5 x 10(6) cells. The Leydig cells appeared viable, excluded Trypan blue, possessed high-affinity binding sites for human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and synthesized increased quantities of testosterone in response to hCG. The cells could be stored overnight in 20% (v/v) glycerol at -20 degrees C, with only minimal effect on the specific activities of a number of enzymes used as markers of subcellular components. Testosterone production in vitro by the cells after storage for 20 h was greater than that of hCG-stimulated fresh cells and was not further increased by hCG. PMID- 7038019 TI - The detoxifying effect of varying concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on endotoxins. PMID- 7038021 TI - Cytoskeletal coordination and intercellular signalling during metazoan embryogenesis. AB - This article draws attention to certain recently discovered features of cell surface organization and cytoskeletal deployment that may be revealing a new basis for intercellular signalling during metazoan embryogenesis. It is a signal mode that could coordinate many aspects of 'Entwicklungsmechanik' by spatiotemporal integration of the cytoskeletal/motor network throughout developing tissues. Evidence that this is achieved by 'intercellular cytoskeletal/plasma membrane connecting systems' which coordinate the spinal organization of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments in developing animal tissues is critically examined. It is argued that this system does operate but that it is not used to transmit positional information in embryonic fields. However, it probably responds to such information and might play an important part in establishing field boundaries during the very earliest stages of embryogenesis. Certain aspects of cell surface organization in contemporary protozoans reveal ways in which the Protozoa could have been pre adapted for the employment of cytoskeletal/cell surface signalling during the advent of multicellularity. In marked contrast, such signalling does not appear to be exploited during plant morphogenesis. The extent to which cytoskeletal organization might be coordinated in sister cells by transmission of spatial instructions during cell division in both animal and plant tissues is also considered. PMID- 7038020 TI - Paresthesia following overextension of AH-26: report of two cases and review of the literature. PMID- 7038022 TI - Distribution of endogenous beta-galactoside-specific lectin, fibronectin and type I and III collagens during dermal condensation in chick embryos. AB - The distribution of endogenous beta-galactoside-specific lectin, fibronectin, type I and III collagens was studied by the indirect immunofluorescence method during the formation of dermal condensation in the feathered region (dorsal skin) of a chick embryo. Endogenous beta-galactoside specific lectin was concentrated in the condensed dermal region, coinciding with the formation of condensation of dermal cells. It was also detected in epidermal placodes. Fibronectin was weakly stained in dermis prior to the formation of dermal condensation but not in epidermis. Condensation of dermal cells resulted in the formation of thicker fibrils of fibronectin in the condensed region. Distribution of type I collagen was found to be very different from that of endogenous beta-galactoside-specific lectin and fibronectin. Type I collagen in dermis decreased along with the formation of dermal condensation. Epidermis had no type I collagen. Type III collagen was not found in dorsal skin. Relationship found between these distribution patterns and dermal condensation in the embryonic chick skin is discussed. PMID- 7038023 TI - Studies on cultured Schwann cells: the induction of myelin synthesis, and the control of their proliferation by a new growth factor. AB - We have recently described the use of immunological methods to identify and purify rat Schwann cells. In dissociated cultures of neonatal sciatic nerve, all of the cells can be identified by antigenic criteria as either Schwann cells or fibroblasts. The fibroblasts may be removed by treatment with antiserum to the Thy-1 antigen and complement. The purified Schwann cells have been used to study the regulation of the expression of myelin components, and the stimulation of Schwann cell division by a soluble growth factor. Among the components of myelin, we have concentrated on the peripheral myelin glycoprotein P0, which constitutes 50-60% of the protein in peripheral myelin. We have studied the distribution of P0 in vitro and in vivo by immunofluorescence, immuno-autoradiography on SDS gels, and solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Our results support the hypothesis that P0 is induced specifically as a consequence of the interaction between the Schwann cell and the myelinated type of axon. The level of P0 in the myelin membrane is at least 1000-fold higher than in the Schwann cell membrane. Purified Schwann cells divide very slowly in a conventional tissue culture medium. This has allowed us to purify a new growth factor from extracts of brain and pituitary, tentatively named Glial Growth Factor (GGF). The activity resides in a basic protein with a native molecular weight of 6 x 10(4) daltons and a subunit molecular weight of 3 x 10(4) daltons, which is active at levels comparable to those of epidermal growth factor. GGF is mitogenic for Schwann cells, astrocytes and muscle fibroblasts. PMID- 7038024 TI - Membrane structure in mammalian astrocytes: a review of freeze-fracture studies on adult, developing, reactive and cultured astrocytes. AB - The application of freeze-fracture techniques to studies of brain structure has led to the recognition of two unsuspected specializations of membrane structure, each distributed in a specific pattern across the surface of astrocytes. 'Assemblies' (aggregates of uniform, small particles packed in orthogonal array into rectangular or square aggregates) are found to characterize astrocytic plasma membranes apposed to blood vessels or to the cerebrospinal fluid at the surface of the brain. These particle aggregates are much less densely packed in astrocytic processes in brain parenchyma. Assemblies are not fixation artifacts, have been shown to extend to the true outer surface of the membrane, are remarkably labile in the setting of anoxia, and are at least in part protein. The function of assemblies is unknown, but their positioning suggests that they may have a role in the transport of some material into or out of the blood and cerebrospinal fluid compartments. A second specialization of intramembrane particle distribution, the polygonal particle junction, links astrocytic processes at the surface of the brain, and also links proximal, large caliber astrocytic processes in brain parenchyma. The function of this membrane specialization also is unknown, but it may subserve a mechanical role. PMID- 7038025 TI - T cell-derived B cell differentiation factor(s). Effect on the isotype switch of murine B cells. AB - Culturing BALB/c B cells for 6 d at low cell density in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in the appearance of a small number of IgG plaque-forming cells (PFC). The addition of supernatants from concanavalin A (Con A)-induced alloreactive (AKR anti-B6) long-term T cell lines (PK 7.1.1a and 7.1.2) or a T cell hybridoma (FS7-6.18) to LPS-treated B cells resulted in a marked increase in IgG PFC (3--10-fold higher than in cultures treated with LPS alone. The number of induced IgG PFC was not affected by removing IgG-bearing cells on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, indicating that T cell-derived B cell differentiation factor enhances isotype switching of sIgG- cells, rather than selecting and expanding pre-existing subpopulations of sIgG+ cells. We also investigated the subclass of IgG produced in the absence or presence of T cell factors and found that PK 7.1.1a, PK 7.1.2, and FS7-6.18 supernatants selectively increased IgG1 production. Several other T cell supernatants containing a variety of lymphokines had no effect, suggesting that PK 7.1.1a, PK 7.1.2, and FS7-6.18 lines produce factor(s) that can specifically enhance the recovery of IgG secreting cells in culture in the presence of LPS. These factors, which we have termed B cell differentiation factors, are different from interleukin 1, interleukin 2, T cell-replacing factor, colony-stimulating factor, macrophage activating factor, and immune interferon. Our results suggest that soluble factors produced by T cell lines and hybridomas can markedly influence both the class and subclass of Ig produced by B cells. PMID- 7038026 TI - Mice with the xid defect have helper cells for T15 idiotype-dominant anti phosphorylcholine primary and secondary plaque-forming cells responses. AB - We have examined the abilities of helper T cells from commercially available (CBA/N X BALB/c)F1 (NBF1) xid male and phenotypically normal female mice to help T15+ and T15- B cells to produce thymus-dependent phosphorylcholine (PC)-specific direct plaque-forming cell responses. Carrier-primed T cells from both male and female mice were found (a) to restore T15+ TD responses in congenitally athymic BALB/c mice, (b) to help PC-primed BALB/c splenic B cells produce predominantly T15+ responses, and (c) to provide help for T15+ and T15- PFC responses generated by PC-primed normal F1 splenic B cells. Furthermore, carrier-primed irradiated xid and normal recipients contributed adequate helper activity for T15 dominant responses. We therefore conclude that male and female NBF1 mice are equally capable of helping T15+ responses. PMID- 7038027 TI - Community based studies of diabetes control: program development and preliminary analysis. AB - In this report are examined the patterns of control of diabetes mellitus achieved by practicing family physicians in small communities in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. The diabetic patients under study appear to be broadly similar to patients in tertiary care settings, where most studies of diabetes care have been carried out. Motivated, competent family physicians, knowledgeable about tight control of diabetes, appear to have considerable difficulty in maintaining even modest levels of biochemical control. Goals in this study for fasting plasma glucose levels for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) averaged between 120 and 160 mg/100 ml. Glucose levels actually achieved ranged up to 360 mg/100 ml. A similar though lesser discrepancy was noted for patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), with achieved levels ranging up to 270 mg/100 ml fasting plasma glucose. There were wide individual differences among physicians in management styles and treatment policy, including wide discrepancies in emphasis on diet, use of oral hypoglycemic agents, and insulin use. This diversity is felt to merit further investigation. Collaborative studies of this type with community based physicians are feasible and academically rewarding. Significant research questions can be addressed and answered.U PMID- 7038028 TI - Somatization in family practice: a biopsychosocial approach. AB - The family physician sees many patients who present physical symptoms that have primarily an emotional or psychosocial basis. This paper defines the concept of somatization, reviews its prevalence and consequences, and develops a conceptual model of somatization that includes cultural, childhood, psychological, and environmental factors. Physicians and the medical care system play a significant role in reinforcing somatization by patients. A biopsychosocial approach to the clinical assessment, diagnosis, and management of these patients is presented along with case examples that exemplify the utility of this approach. PMID- 7038029 TI - Equivalence of various levothyroxine preparations. PMID- 7038030 TI - Proteolytic activities of a rumen bacterium, Bacteroides ruminicola R8/4. AB - Proteolysis of leaf Fraction 1 protein, casein, azocasein and bovine serum albumin by the cell-associated proteinases of the rumen bacterium Bacteroides ruminicola R8/4 was investigated and the kinetic parameters Vmax and Km were evaluated for each substrate. A variety of proteinase inhibitors was used to show that the proteolytic activity comprises a mixture of at least three different classes of proteinase. With respect to substrate specificity and some inhibition characteristics, the proteolytic activity of B. ruminicola R8/4 was similar to that of rumen contents. PMID- 7038031 TI - Chloramphenicol resistance that does not involve chloramphenicol acetyltransferase encoded by plasmids from gram-negative bacteria. AB - Chloramphenicol resistance-specifying plasmids from incompatibility groups P-1 and C did not encode chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). Expression of resistance was inducible by subinhibitory concentrations of the drug. The mechanism of resistance was thought to be a cytoplasmic membrane-located barrier to the permeability of the drug into the cell. No evidence for the inactivation of the drug was obtained. In vitro polypeptide synthesis directed by ribosomes isolated from resistant and sensitive cells was equally sensitive to inhibition by chloramphenicol suggesting that a ribosomal mechanism was not involved. Spheroplasts expressed the same level of resistance as whole cells. Strains specifying intracellular CAT did not degrade chloramphenicol in the culture medium if they also carried a chloramphenicol resistance plasmid not specifying CAT. PMID- 7038032 TI - Absence of ultraviolet-inducible DNA polymerase I-like activity in Escherichia coli strains harbouring R plasmids. AB - No DNA polymerase I-like activity was found associated with the ultraviolet (u.v.)-protecting plasmids R205, R46 or pKM101 in either uninduced or u.v. induced wild-type or DNA polymerase I-deficient strains of Escherichia coli. Nor was any plasmid-associated polymerase activity detectable in similar systems containing u.v.-irradiated DNA as template. However, plasmids R205, R46 and pKM101 still increased survival and mutagenesis of the polymerase I-deficient E. coli strain after u.v. irradiation. PMID- 7038033 TI - Natural resistance of mice to Salmonella typhimurium: bactericidal activity and chemiluminescence response of murine peritoneal macrophages. AB - The phagocytic capacity of peritoneal macrophages from resistant C3Hf mice and sensitive C57Bl/6 mice was studied in vitro using a virulent and an avirulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium. Virulent and avirulent 3H-labelled bacteria opsonized with normal mouse serum were killed to an equal extent (about 40%) by macrophages from C3Hf mice and C57Bl/6 mice within 5 min after contact. Killing of both bacterial strains by macrophages from C3Hf mice continued at a lower rate for the next 30 min until about 40% of the remaining bacteria were killed. In this later phase macrophages from C57Bl/6 mice killed avirulent S. typhimurium to an extent comparable with the killing by macrophages from C3Hf mice, whereas macrophages from C57Bl/6 mice were unable to kill virulent S. typhimurium. Cytochalasin B did not inhibit the rapid initial killing of bacteria opsonized with normal mouse serum, but completely inhibited the slower phase of killing. From these results it is concluded that the resistance of the mice to infection with S. typhimurium correlates with the bactericidal activity of their peritoneal macrophages, and that killing of the bacteria occurs in an early extracellular phase followed by an intracellular phase. It is only the latter phase which reflects the animal's resistance to infection. The chemiluminescence response to macrophages to opsonized live S. typhimurium was independent of the susceptibility of the mice from which the macrophages were taken. Cytochalasin B and 2-deoxy-D-glucose reduced the chemiluminescence generated by opsonized or non opsonized S. typhimurium. Comparison of the kinetics as well as inhibition, by cytochalasin B and 2-deoxy-D-glucose, of chemiluminescence and killing of S. typhimurium showed that the killing reaction of the peritoneal macrophages was not related to their chemiluminescence response. PMID- 7038034 TI - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of Candida albicans chlamydospores. AB - A simple, convenient method of growing large quantities of Candida albicans chlamydospores on a cellulose dialysis membrane has been developed. Long, narrow, cylindrical suspensor cells bearing spherical to ovoid chlamydospores were observed. Ultrastructural observations showed the chlamydospore to have a bilayered cell wall made up of an outer electron-transport primary layer and an inner electron-dense secondary layer, a large portion of the total cell volume occupied by a single large vacuole and several smaller vacuoles, and cytoplasmic organelles typical of those observed in the yeast-like cell. There are structural similarities between the region of chlamydospore-suspensor cell connection and septa observed in budding yeast-like cells. PMID- 7038035 TI - Differentiation between the genera Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus and Nocardia by susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil. AB - A test for susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil was useful for differentiating between species of rapidly growing mycobacteria, and for differentiating the genus Rhodococcus from the genus Nocardia. The majority of rhodococci tested were susceptible to 5-fluorouracil (20 micrograms ml-1), whereas the majority of nocardiae tested were resistant to it. Strains of Nocardia asteroides sensu stricto could be divided into two subgroups by their reaction to 5-fluorouracil. PMID- 7038036 TI - Factors influencing the production of cellulase by Aspergillus fumigatus (Fresenius). AB - During growth in liquid culture containing a single cellulosic or non-cellulosic carbon source, a newly isolated strain of Aspergillus fumigatus released cellulases into the medium; the amounts produced depended on the nitrogen source, the type and concentration of the carbon source, pH and temperature. Extracellular cellulolytic activity was still increasing after incubation for 60 d with 1% (W/V) CF11 cellulose, (NH4)2SO4 as nitrogen source and a starting pH of 7. The activities of the new isolate were compared with those of A. fumigatus IMI 143864 and Trichoderma reesei QM6a (ATCC 13631) and it was shown to be a good producer of beta-glucosidase. PMID- 7038037 TI - Rebecca Craighill Lancefield, 1895-1981. PMID- 7038038 TI - The mode of action of nosiheptide (multhiomycin) and the mechanism of resistance in the producing organism. AB - The mode of action of nosiheptide (multhiomycin) on bacterial protein synthesis is closely similar to that of thiostrepton. Both antibiotics inhibit functions of elongation factors Tu and G and greatly reduce the synthesis of guanosine penta- and tetraphosphates in response to stringent factor. Furthermore, the actinomycetes which produce these antibiotics defend themselves against their products in similar fashion. This involves specific pentose-methylation of 23S ribosomal RNA. PMID- 7038039 TI - Avoidance of host defences by Treponema pallidum in situ and on extraction from infected rabbit testes. AB - Electron microscopic observations of acutely infected rabbit testes showed that the majority of Treponema pallidum were extracellular, and confined to interstitial regions of the tissue. Organisms were often adjacent to small blood vessels, where they should be freely accessible to non-specific humoral and cellular defence mechanisms. However, there was no accumulation of leucocytes in blood vessels or infiltration of inflammatory cells into infected areas. Inoculation of live treponemes into perforated plastic chambers which had been implanted subcutaneously in rabbits or guinea-pigs did not incite significant infiltration into the chamber fluid of inflammatory cells, in contrast to that seen after inoculation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Interaction of antibody from infected rabbits with live treponemes freshly extracted from rabbit testes could not be detected by an indirect fluorescent antibody method. These observations suggest that T., pallidum escapes recognition by host defences. PMID- 7038040 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of catechol methyltransferase in Candida tropicalis. AB - Catechol methyltransferase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine : catechol O methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.6) was localized immunocytochemically in the yeast Candida tropicalis by the unlabelled antibody enzyme method, involving soluble peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex. Immunoreactivity was detected by light and electron microscopy in the outer layer of the cell wall and at the plasma membrane. The possible function of the methyltransferase in C. tropicalis id discussed. PMID- 7038041 TI - Antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses of humans to live and inactivated influenza vaccines. AB - The antibody and HLA-restricted virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to influenza vaccine of 36 volunteers were analysed. Three vaccines were used: a live attenuated, and two types of inactivated, a whole virus and a purified surface antigen vaccine. Antibody to haemagglutinin (HA) was assayed using plaque neutralization, single-radial-haemolysis and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) techniques. Antibodies to nucleoprotein and matrix antigens were also measured. Most of the volunteers had antibody responses to the HA in the inactivated vaccines which were detected by all three techniques. Nine of the twelve recipients of the live virus vaccine did not have an antibody response detected by the HI test, but four of these did have antibody responses when the plaque neutralization test was used. Single-radial-haemolysis was more sensitive than the HI test for detecting low levels of antibody, but the plaque neutralization test was the most sensitive for detecting low levels of antibody. Most volunteers had a rise in their HLA-restricted influenza-specific memory CTL response, but three recipients of live vaccine who did not have an antibody response by any technique also did not have an increase in their cytotoxic T cell activity. Three volunteers, two of whom had received live vaccine, had a positive CTL response without antibody response. PMID- 7038042 TI - A simple indirect ELISA using F(ab')2 fragments of immunoglobulin. AB - An indirect ELISA is described in which (i) virus is trapped by F(ab')2 fragments of specific IgG immobilized on a solid phase support, (ii) trapped virus is detected by intact IgG (from the same or a different antiserum) and (iii) positive reactions are identified using an enzyme conjugate specific for the Fc portion of IgG. Pepsin digestion of the Fc portion of the trapping antibody permits the use of a general purpose enzyme conjugate to discriminate between trapping and detecting antibody. Consequently, the assay requires only a single virus-specific antiserum which is often all that is available to the plant virologist. The assay was at least as sensitive for detecting small amounts of antigen as the standard double-antibody sandwich procedure and, for some viruses, two- to fourfold more sensitive. The improvement in performance resulted largely from lower and more consistent background reactions. Both assays were equally effective in revealing heterologous reactions when optimized for detecting homologous antigen. However, increased cross-reactions were obtained in the F(ab')2 procedure by the use of higher concentrations of detecting antibody. The assay is considered particularly suited for comparing antisera from different sources or of different bleeds from the same source, and for investigations involving so few tests that the effort or expense of preparing individual virus specific conjugates is not justified. PMID- 7038043 TI - Maternal antibody and respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy. AB - One hundred newborn infants were studied prospectively for 1 year for evidence of infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The indirect membrane fluorescence technique was used to determine specific antibody in sera. Infection was shown in 29 cases. In 31 infants exposed to an RSV epidemic season, there was no evidence of infection. Maternal antenatal sera were also tested, and wide range of IgG antibody to RSV was found. Mean titre of maternal IgG antibody to RSV was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in those mothers whose babies remained uninfected than in those whose babies had proved RSV infection before 6 months of age. Babies born to mothers with high levels of IgG antibody to respiratory syncytial virus were protected against infection with this virus during the first months of life when the risk of severe disease was greatest. PMID- 7038044 TI - The conversion of hepatitis B core antigen synthesized in E coli into e antigen. AB - The antigen (HBeAg) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a polypeptide of 17-20,000 daltons closely associated with the core antigen (HBcAg) of Dane particles, from which it is released by a variety of disruptive procedures. HBeAg could be a unique component of HBV core particles or a derivative of HBcAg. To resolve this question immunodiffusion experiments were carried out with preparations of HBcAg synthesized in E coli carrying a recombinant plasmid from which the HBcAg, but no other HBV gene, was expressed. HBcAg was converted into HBeAg by proteolytic degradation under dissociating conditions, thus confirming at the molecular level that HBeAg is a component of HBcAg. This offers a new route to the detection of HBeAg and antibodies to the antigen. PMID- 7038046 TI - Immunofluorescence and histochemical methods for neural M1 pyruvate kinase localization. AB - The distribution of pyruvate kinase (ATP pyruvate phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40) in the nervous system has been studied by both immunofluorescence and a histochemical procedure using nitro blue tetrazolium. The localization in various parts of rat central nervous system in situ, cerebellar and cerebral cortex, was compared to that found in vitro in cultures of cerebellum, spinal ganglia, cerebral astrocytes, and skin fibroblasts. (1) Pyruvate kinase was found predominantly in the cytoplasm of neuronal cell bodies. (2) Large neurons were better visualized than small ones. (3) No glial localization was clearly demonstrated in situ, although this does not rule out the presence of some M1 pyruvate kinase. (4) Regions expected to be rich in nerve terminals, such as the cerebellar glomeruli or the cerebellar molecular layer, showed intense staining even when the cell bodies themselves were negative. This was expected, owing to the previous demonstration of the presence of M1 pyruvate kinase in nerve ending by subcellular fractionation methods. (5) The localization was similar in situ and in tissue culture, except that nerve processes were better seen in the latter and astrocytes were sometimes stained in vitro. (6) Variation in intensity of staining was observed in similar cell types in the same section or in the same culture. This could represent different metabolic or functional or maturational states. PMID- 7038045 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: a rapid reproducible test for the measurement of rabies antibody. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for detecting IgG antibodies to the Pitman Moore strain of rabies virus in sera from subjects immunised wih HDCS vaccine. End-point titres of antibody were determined using a pocket calculator preprogrammed to analyse absorbence values of test sera and negative controls. The assay was highly reproducible, and very close agreement was achieved when the results were compared with those of the mouse neutralization test. Rabies enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is easy to perform, the results are obtained within 48 hours, and because it employs inactivated virus, the test can be used safely without special containment facilities. PMID- 7038047 TI - Continuous determination by a chemiluminescent method of acetylcholine release and compartmentation in Torpedo electric organ synaptosomes. AB - The detection of acetylcholine (ACh) with a chemiluminescent procedure enables one to follow continuously the release of transmitter from stimulated synaptosomes and to study the compartmentation of ACh in resting and active nerve terminals. A compartment of ACh liberated almost entirely by a single freezing and thawing could be directly measured and compared with a compartment of ACh resistant to several cycles of freezing and thawing but liberated by a detergent (60-70% of the total). It is the compartment liberated by freezing and thawing that is reduced when synaptosomes are stimulated. Up to half the total synaptosomal ACh content is readily releasable provided the calcium entry is maintained, or if a strong releasing agent such as the venom of Glycera convoluta is used. In addition, it is shown that synaptosomes contain only negligible amounts of choline, and that the proportion of the two ACh compartments is not influenced by changing extracellular calcium just before their determination. PMID- 7038049 TI - Subcellular localization in rat brain of angiotensin I-generating endopeptidase activity distinct from cathepsin D. AB - The generation of angiotensin I from the artificial renin substrate tetradecapeptide by proteolytic enzymes in rat brain tissue was studied. The involvement of endopeptidase activity in the enzymatical cleavage of the renin substrate was inferred from the simultaneous accumulation of both angiotensin I and the complementary tetrapeptide Leu-Val-Tyr-Ser on incubation of tetradecapeptide with rat brain tissue. This endopeptidase activity was active over a pH range of 3.5--7.5. In contrast, cathepsin D released angiotensin I from tetradecapeptide only at acidic pH. The angiotensin I accumulation on incubation of tetradecapeptide with brain endopeptidase activity was only partly inhibited in the presence of an excess of the carboxyl protease inhibitor N-acetyl pepstatin. Further, the brain endopeptidase activity displayed a subcellular localization different from that of acid protease activity. It is concluded that angiotensin I can be generated in the brain by soluble endopeptidases, which are distinct from cathepsin D. PMID- 7038048 TI - Subcellular distribution of prolyl endopeptidase and cation-sensitive neutral endopeptidase in rabbit brain. AB - The subcellular distribution of prolyl endopeptidase, and of cation-sensitive neutral endopeptidase, two enzymes actively metabolizing many neuropeptides, was determined in homogenates of rabbit brain. The subcellular distribution of both enzymes was more similar to lactate dehydrogenase, a cytoplasmic enzyme marker, than to choline acetyltransferase, a synaptosomal marker. Only 35% of the activity of these two neutral endopeptidases was found in the crude mitochondrial fraction (P2), the bulk of the remaining activity being associated with the high speed supernatant. Prolyl endopeptidase and cation-sensitive neutral endopeptidase thus can be regarded as mainly cytoplasmic enzymes in the rabbit brain. PMID- 7038050 TI - Purification, properties, and immunohistochemical localisation of human brain 14 3-3 protein. AB - A protein has been purified from human brain that appears to be the human equivalent of bovine 14-3-3 protein. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the protein migrates as a faster major component, termed 14-3-3-2 protein, and a slower minor component, termed 14-3-3-1 protein, which consists of approximately 12% of the total protein. Both 14-3-3-1 and 14-3-3-2 have a native molecular weight of approximately 67,000. 14-3-3-2 appears to have the subunit composition alpha beta; 14-3-3-1 has the composition beta'beta'. Peptide mapping with Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase shows that alpha and beta subunits are unrelated but the beta and beta' subunits show some common peptides. Immunoperoxidase labelling shows that 14-3-3 is localised in neurones in the human cerebral cortex. 14-3-3 shows no enolase, creatine kinase, triose phosphate isomerase, ATPase, cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase, or purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity. 14-3-3 does not bind calcium and does not appear to be related to calmodulin, calcineurin, tubulin, neurofilament proteins, clathrin-associated proteins, or tropomyosin. The functional significance of this neuronal protein remains obscure. PMID- 7038052 TI - Familial cerebral amyloidosis and spongiform encephalopathy. AB - Clinical and neuropathological investigations are presented of the "W" family in which there is a dominant inheritance of slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia and dementia. The disease is of insidious onset and its average duration more than 4 years. Pathological findings included amyloid deposition in cerebellar and cerebral tissue; vascular amyloid in one case; and spongiform encephalopathy and astrocytic hyperplasia typical of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neuritic plaques of the senile (Alzheimer) type were present to a lesser extent. This study confirms the familial association between cerebral amyloidosis and spongiform encephalopathy. PMID- 7038051 TI - The assessment of drug treatment of spastic gait. AB - The technique of polarised light goniometry was used to quantify objectively parameters of the spastic gait during a double-blind cross-over trial comparing the spasmolytic effects of DS103-282, baclofen and placebo. Only minimal objective and subjective changes in gait were found when the results of treatment with DS103-282 or baclofen were compared with those of treatment with placebo. PMID- 7038053 TI - The case of General Wood. AB - The first successful operation ever on a parasagittal meningioma was performed in 1910 by Harvey Cushing. The operation turned out to be critical event in his career as a neurosurgeon and made him confident about the possibilities of brain surgery. The patient was Leonard Wood, Major General and Chief of Staff of the United States Army, who was a military surgeon turned career officer. In the election campaign or the president to succeed Woodrow Wilson in 1920, Leonard Wood, the personification of competence, became the Republican favorite. General Wood was, however, eliminated from the presidential election campaign by complicated intrigues. From the next year on, General Wood experienced increasing warning signs of a recurrent tumor, which he unfortunately neglected. Not until 1927 did Wood again come under the care of Dr. Cushing, who had just returned from Britain, where in the course of a single month he had been awarded no less than seven distinctions from different medical societies. Deeply concerned at Wood's condition. Cushing decided to attempt extirpation of the recurrent tumor. General Wood died a few hours after the operation. No tragedy caused Cushing more distress than the death of General Wood, who 7 years earlier had been on the verge of being President of the United States. PMID- 7038054 TI - Bone dust and adhesive material for closing bony breaches of the skull. A new method. AB - Thirty one cases of patients affected by skull lesions are reported: 25 fractures of the frontal sinus, two fractures of ethmoidal bone, two fractures of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa, one fracture of the petrous bone, one opening of the mastoid cells. Five of these patients presented a cerebrospinal fluid fistula. All the patients were surgically treated with a mixture of autogenous sawdust and butyl-2-cyanoacrylate with favorable results in thirty cases. It was necessary to repeat the treatment only in one case and the patient recovered completely. PMID- 7038056 TI - Effect of endotoxin fever on plasma clearance of thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine: concise communication. AB - Endotoxin-induced fever in rabbits causes a rapid decrease in serum T3, a reciprocal rise of 3,3',5'-tri-iodothyronine (rT3), and a less marked reduction in T4 with a rebound at 24 hr. To answer the question whether the alteration in hormone levels was the result of a decrease in T3 or T4 production and release or of an increase in T3 and T4 metabolism, we measured the disappearance of [125I]T4 and [125I]T3 during endotoxin-induced fever and externally applied heat. Results showed no significant difference in disappearance of [125I]T4 or [125I]T3. This suggests that the rapid change in T3 levels associated with endotoxin fever is due to an inhibition of thyroid production and peripheral conversion, and not to increased metabolism of hormones. PMID- 7038055 TI - Surgical treatment of acute cervical fracture-dislocation. AB - The authors describe their experience in the surgical treatment of acute cervical fracture-dislocation by reporting the results obtained after the observation and follow-up examination of 53 cases. The surgical procedure adopted, after realignment of bone segments was obtained, depended on type of fracture. Posterior fixation with wire or wire and acrylic was performed in 31 cases. The anterior route was chosen in 19 cases, performing a ventral subtotal resection of the vertebral body with the use of acrylic. Three patients were treated by both procedures (anterior plus posterior approach). The authors describe the surgical technique and recommend the rapid mobilization of the patient, so as to avoid complications which could impede his recovery. PMID- 7038057 TI - Studying regional brain function: a challenge for SPECT. PMID- 7038058 TI - Calculating nurse turnover indices. PMID- 7038059 TI - Medicine at Fort Sill, Indian Territory 1875 - 1880. PMID- 7038060 TI - Reconstruction of mandibular defects with composite autologous iliac bone and freeze-treated allogeneic rib grafts. AB - Results of five successful cases of mandibular defect reconstruction with composite particulate autologous iliac bone and freeze-treated allogeneic rib grafts are presented. The formation of a water-tight soft tissue seal between the grafting bed and the oral cavity, complete hemostasis, elimination of dead space around the bone graft, and preservation of the periosteum are factors of cardinal importance in improving the success rate with such grafts. By use of this procedure, the amount of autologous bone required is reduced, and the rib acts as a supporting device that is completely resorbed in about a year after implantation. In the postoperative period, the danger of infection is reduced, and the need for subsequent surgical removal of the alloplastic tray is eliminated. PMID- 7038061 TI - Passive immunization for hepatitis B. AB - Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of gamma globulin in preventing type B hepatitis. These investigations have evaluated the effectivenesses of standard immunoglobulin (IG) and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) in pre-exposure and postexposure settings. The current data suggest that HBIG and standard IG containing some antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen may be effective for pre- and postexposure prophylaxis of hepatitis B. It is recommended that HBIG be used for the postexposure prophylaxis of individuals sustaining accidental needle-stick or mucosal exposure to blood known to contain hepatitis B surface antigen. If HBIG is unavailable, then standard IG may be beneficial. While pre-exposure prophylaxis with gamma globulin may be effective, there are appropriate environmental control methods available that may significantly reduce the transmission of hepatitis B, and these should be fully implemented. PMID- 7038062 TI - Autogenous dermal grafting vestibuloplasty in dogs. AB - Vestibuloplasties were done in dogs, using autogenous dermis as a graft material. Clinical and histologic examination was done at 10, 17, 21, and 28 days. Results showed good graft take and a final appearance resembling that of mucosa. Histologic findings correlated well with clinical appearance. From this investigation it appears that the dermis acts as a true graft and not just as a biologic dressing. PMID- 7038063 TI - Microvascular mandibular reconstruction. PMID- 7038064 TI - An experimental study of skin autografts on irradiated tissue. PMID- 7038065 TI - The application of microneurosurgery to oral-neurologic problems. PMID- 7038066 TI - The Dentatus screw: comparative stress analysis with other endodontic dowel designs. PMID- 7038067 TI - Analysis for establishing chronological age of bone. PMID- 7038068 TI - Renal malakoplakia. Experimental production and evidence of a link with interstitial megalocytic nephritis. AB - The intrarenal injection of Boivin antigen is followed by the development of true melakoplakic lesions as characterised by the accumulation of macrophages containing MG bodies. Similarly the injection of diluted antigen is followed by the accumulation of macrophages with a granular PAS-positive cytoplasm but lacking MG bodies. These experimental models are compared with typical human renal malakoplakia and that entity known as megalocytic interstitial nephritis. PMID- 7038069 TI - The cell cycle and related concepts in cell proliferation. PMID- 7038070 TI - Macrophages in human tumours: an immunohistochemical study. AB - Forty-five human malignant tumours and three benign lesions were stained histochemically for non-specific esterase (NSE) and acid phosphatase (AP), and immunohistochemically for lysozyme. Most of the tumours contained small numbers of lysozyme positive macrophages (LPM), but colonic tumours showed moderate numbers of LPM around the edge of the lesions. Gastric and secondary duodenal tumours (n = 3) contained moderate numbers of intralesional LPM in addition. Most squamous and all mesenchymal tumours contained no lysozyme positive macrophages. The usefulness of the three staining methods was assessed and it was concluded that lysozyme was specific but detected only part of the macrophage population. Neutrophil polymorphs were also stained but could be recognised by nuclear morphology. AP and NSE detected more cells but stained tumour cells as well as macrophages, making these methods of limited use in tumours showing invasion of the stroma by single cells or small groups of cells. PMID- 7038071 TI - Heroin and the federal strategy: a policy in search of evidence. PMID- 7038072 TI - Acute salpingitis in the adolescent female. AB - Acute salpingitis is an important complication of sexually transmitted disease in young women and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in all young women. Many organisms, in addition to N. gonorrhoeae, have been associated with this tubal infection giving support to polymicrobial etiology. However, the exact pathophysiologic role of these organisms needs to be clearly defined. The microbiology of acute salpingitis, through direct culture from the site of infection, the fallopian tubes, needs to be clearly elucidated. Early recognition and treatment of acute salpingitis is essential in preventing the major long-term problem, involuntary infertility. Curran has estimated the reproductive outcome for a cohort of adolescent women reaching reproductive age in 1970. By the year 2000, there will have been one episode of salpingitis for every two women; 15% will be hospitalized for salpingitis with over half of these women requiring major gynecologic surgery; 10% will be rendered nonsurgically sterile; and 3% will have experienced an ectopic pregnancy. Adolescent females may be more susceptible to upper genital tract infection than older women due to possible unique biologic characteristics and sexual behaviors. Prospective microbiologically controlled studies of women with salpingitis using laparoscopy need to be developed to evaluate treatment regimens. Until such studies are undertaken, diagnosis, treatment, and fertility in women with acute salpingitis will remain unsatisfactory. PMID- 7038073 TI - Chronic diarrhea in infants caused by adherent enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. AB - Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (0111:K58:H-) was isolated from the small bowel of two infants with chronic diarrhea. Small bowel biopsy revealed focal adherence of the bacteria to the epithelium, accompanied by inflammation of the tissue. The isolates also adhered to tissue culture cells in densely packed aggregates. The pattern of adherence to tissue culture cells were found only among strains of serogroups 0111 and 0119 when 196 enteric E. coli isolates were tested. The pathogenic mechanism of enteropathogenic E. coli thus appears related to dense colonization of intestinal tissue. Adherent strains may be detected by tissue culture assay. PMID- 7038075 TI - Infantile acropustulosis with eosinophilic pustules. PMID- 7038076 TI - Controlled study of treatment for disseminated intravascular coagulation in the neonate. AB - Thirty-three neonates with disseminated intravascular coagulation were assigned randomly to one of three treatment groups: (1) exchange transfusion, (2) administration of fresh-frozen plasma and platelets, and (3) control (no therapy directed specifically at the coagulopathy). The three groups were comparable for degree of abnormality in initial coagulation studies and underlying pathologic processes. Shock was a common accompaniment of DIC and occurred in 85% of all infants. In all cases, underlying disease states and shock were treated aggressively. Resolution of DIC and survival were not different in the three treatment groups. Outcome of DIC was dependent on the success of treatment of the underlying pathologic process and aggressive supportive care, including restoration of blood pressure, but was not altered by therapy specifically directed at the coagulopathy. PMID- 7038074 TI - Virologic features of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in childhood. AB - Hepatitis B virus markers were studied in serum and liver of 24 children with chronic hepatitis. All patients had evidence of active virus replication, as shown by hepatitis B core antigen in the liver cell nuclei, independently of the severity of histologic lesions. Furthermore, 19 of 24 patients had hepatitis B e antigen in serum, and most patients showed a diffuse pattern of HBcAg distribution in the liver. In all 24 children, the presence of immunoglobin G bound to the liver cell surface paralleled the activity of virus replication, but it did not correlate with the severity of liver lesions. During a follow-up period of two to four years, the virus replication persisted in all eight patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy, whereas in 5 of 16 untreated patients we observed a seroconversion to antibody to HBeAg, which is currently regarded as a favorable event for the prognosis of the disease. PMID- 7038077 TI - Protective role of human milk against sudden death from infant botulism. AB - We examined the possibility that human milk and formula milk might differentially affect the severity of the infant botulism because they differ in immunologic composition and in influence on the normal intestinal microflora against which Clostridium botulinum must compete. A beneficial effect of human milk was suggested by the different feeding experiences of the moderate, hospitalized patients and the sudden death cases. Of patients hospitalized in California, 66% (33/50) were still being nursed at onset of illness, a percentage significantly greater than that of matched controls (P less than 0.01). In contrast, all ten California cases of sudden infant death attributable to C. botulinum infection were being fed iron-supplemented formula milk at death) unlike their controls, P less than 0.02) and had received no human milk within ten weeks of death. A beneficial effect of human milk was also observed in differences in mean age at onset; hospitalized breast-fed patients were almost twice as old (13.8 +/- 6.7 weeks) as were hospitalized formula-fed patients (7.6 +/- 2.9 weeks) (P less than 0.01). Human milk (or possibly other factors associated with breast-feeding) appeared to have moderated the severity at onset of infant botulism, allowing time for hospital admission, whereas for some infants with this illness, formula milk (or possibly other factors associated with formula feeding) was linked to sudden unexpected death. PMID- 7038078 TI - Pancreatic islet cell necrosis: association with hemolytic-uremic syndrome. PMID- 7038079 TI - Insulin therapy for ketolactic acidosis complicating malignancy. PMID- 7038080 TI - Follow-up of infants 501 to 1,500 gm birth weight delivered to residents of a geographically defined region with perinatal intensive care facilities. AB - In an attempt to minimize the selection bias inherent in reporting the outcome of premature infants from a particular neonatal intensive care unit, this study presents data on all 294 live births 501 to 1,500 gm birth weight born to residents in the Hamilton-Wentworth region during 1973-78. The survival rate was 31.9% in infants less than or equal to 1,000 gm and 82.6% in infants between 1,001 to 1,500 gm. In all, 184 infants (62.6%) were discharged alive and 37 of these had weight less than or equal to 1,000 gm. The mean BW of the survivors was 1,216 +/- 214 gm and the mean gestation was 30.0 +/- 2.9 weeks, with 18.0% being small-for-gestational age. Neurologic handicaps including cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus, microcephaly, blindness, deafness, and mental retardation occurred in 30/179 (16.8%) survivors. The incidence of neurologic handicaps was 30% among babies who received IPPV versus 10% in those who did not. Within the IPPV and non IPPV groups, there were no significant differences in handicap rates by 500 gm BW class. PMID- 7038082 TI - Importance of control of diabetes. PMID- 7038081 TI - Failure of a pan-reactive anti-T cell antibody, OKT 3, to prevent graft versus host disease in severe combined immunodeficiency. PMID- 7038083 TI - The use of epikeratophakia grafts in pediatric monocular aphakia. AB - Epikeratophakia is a form of refractive surgery in which the recipient's epithelium is removed and a pre-shaped donor lenticule is sutured to the patient's cornea. Seventeen patients ranging in age from two months to 6.6 years received 19 epikeratophakia grafts for the correction of aphakic vision. The correction provided by the graft in combination with vigorous amblyopia therapy has yielded some improvement in vision in the 12 patients with successful grafts. This procedure may be particularly suitable for pediatric aphakic patients because it is extraocular and reversible and may be employed as a secondary procedure or in conjunction with cataract extraction. Only with longer follow-up of these and additional patients can these preliminary results be validated and the risk/benefit ratio of this procedure be assessed. PMID- 7038084 TI - The effect of cement type and tooth preparation on the retention of stainless steel crowns. PMID- 7038085 TI - Anterior cross bite in the primary dentition. PMID- 7038087 TI - Unusual foreign body reaction to a braided silk suture: a case report. PMID- 7038086 TI - The effect of sodium hypochlorite and citric acid solutions on healing of periodontal pockets. PMID- 7038088 TI - Attachment levels and crevicular depths at the distal of mandibular second molars following removal of adjacent third molars. AB - The effect of root planing and curettage on the crevicular depth and periodontal attachment at the distal of mandibular second molars following removal of adjacent impacted or partially erupted third molars was evaluated in 18 patients, between the ages of 18 and 25, presenting with similar bilateral impactions. No significant difference was demonstrated in the crevicular depths and attachment levels between the curetted, root planed side, and the untreated controls. Thus, any benefits derived by root planing and curettage of mandibular second molars immediately following removal of adjacent impacted third molars are minimal. The best means of preserving periodontal attachment on mandibular second molars may be the removal of third molars at an early stage of tooth development. PMID- 7038089 TI - Effect of nonsterile versus sterile water irrigation with ultrasonic scaling on postoperative bacteremias. AB - The contribution of nonsterile water irrigation during ultrasonic scaling to postoperative blood stream contamination was evaluated. Thirty human volunteers were subjected to a random split-mouth technique comparing sterile and municipal tap water irrigation with ultrasonic root preparation on contralateral mandibular quadrants. Scaling was performed by a single operator using a premeasured quantity of irrigant. Postoperative blood samples were obtained immediately and cultured aerobically and anaerobically in tryptic soy broth and on BHI agar plates for enumeration of colony forming units. Positive blood cultures were inoculated onto selective media for presumptive identification. The difference in the bacteremia incidence after scaling with sterile water (50%) versus scaling with tap water (53.3%) was not significant. The degree of the bacteremias (less than 1 colony forming unit/ml) was similar between groups. Therefore tap water irrigation used in ultrasonic scaling did not appear to be a significant causative agent in postoperative bacteremias. PMID- 7038090 TI - In vitro studies on the metabolic pathway of SQ 14225 (Captopril) and mechanism of mixed disulfide formation. AB - The metabolic pathway of SQ 14225 (Captopril) and the mechanism of the mixed disulfide formation with endogenous sulfhydryl compounds were studied in in vitro cell free systems. In the rat liver 9000 x g supernatants, SQ 14225-14C was metabolized to one major metabolite, glutathione-SQ 14225 mixed disulfide (GSSQ), and two minor metabolites including SQ 14551, a symmetrical disulfide of SQ 14225. The formation of GSSQ was markedly accelerated by the addition of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), but not affected by the addition of reduced glutathione (GSH), indicating that GSSQ was formed by the thiol-disulfide interchange between SQ 14225 and GSSG. Although the thiol-disulfide interchange was also observed between SQ 14225 and L-cystine, L-homocystine and SQ 14551 as well as GSSG, only the formation of GSSQ was a rapid reaction and markedly decreased by heat treatment of the liver 9000 x g supernatants. These findings demonstrate that the formation of GSSQ is catalyzed by a GSSG specific enzyme which is supposed to be thioltransferase (Glutathione: Disulfide Oxidoreductase). Although GSSQ was stable in the rat liver 9000 x g supernatants, it was rapidly hydrolyzed to cysteine-SQ 14225 mixed disulfide (CySSQ) in the rat kidney 9000 x g supernatants. A specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, anthglutin, inhibited the hydrolysis. GSSQ-14C administered to a beagle dog was excreted into the urine in the form of CySSQ. Thus, it was speculated that CySSQ excreted into the urine as a major metabolite of SQ 14225 was derived from GSSQ formed in the liver followed by hydrolysis in the kidney. PMID- 7038091 TI - Detection of Residual penicillin in milk by sensitive enzyme immunoassay. AB - A convenient and precise method by an application of a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay of penicillin to detect the veterinary penicillin residue in milk was studied. The procedures of the assay to detect more than 0.01 microgram/ml of ampicillin in milk were developed. Five commercial milk samples were tested by the assay procedure, and no veterinary ampicillin residue was detected in any of them. PMID- 7038092 TI - In memoriam: Sidney Riegelman (1921-1981). PMID- 7038093 TI - DNA-binding specificity and RNA polymerase inhibitory activity of bis(aminoalkyl)anthraquinones and bis(methylthio)vinylquinolinium iodides. AB - The determination of DNA-binding specificities for a series of bis(methylthio)vinylquinolinium iodides and two bis (aminoalkyl)-anthraquinones was accomplished by spectral analysis, equilibrium dialysis, elevation of melting temperature, and inhibition of DNA function as a template for Escherichia coli RNA-polymerase transcription activity in vitro. Studies of complex formation were carried out by comparison of difference spectra of the compounds in the presence of native double-stranded DNA and separated-strand DNA. Base specificity of the interaction between DNA and the compounds was demonstrated for both series, particularly for the anthraquinones, for the guanine-cytosine base pair. Comparison of the difference spectra of the compounds in the presence of DNA with varied base-pair ratios showed a strong preference of the anthraquinones for the guanine-cytosine base pair, but the quinolinium compounds showed no preference. The linear-binding isotherm for the quinolinium compounds indicated one type of binding site, while two types of binding sites were apparent for the anthraquinones. Since only one anthraquinone was active in leukemia tests, factors other than DNA binding must account for the activity of the antileukemic derivative. PMID- 7038095 TI - Assessment of the extent to exogenous prostaglandin I2 is converted to 6-keto prostaglandin E1 in human subjects. AB - 6-Keto-prostaglandin (PG) E1 has been suggested as a possible active metabolite of PGI2. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether 6-keto-PGE1 might mediate the biological responses of exogenous PGI2 in man. Toward this end, a novel gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay for 6-keto-PGE1, was developed. Selective ion monitor traces from human plasma detected levels that were at the lower limit of sensitivity for this assay and positive mass spectral identification was not possible. An infusion of PGI2 (8 ng/kg/min) which caused systemic hemodynamic changes did not alter plasma levels of 6-keto-PGE1. We conclude that exogenous PGI2 is not converted to an appreciable extent to 6-keto PGE1 in man and, therefore, 6-keto-PGE1 biosynthesis is unlikely to be responsible for the biological effects of infused PGI2. PMID- 7038096 TI - Comparative properties of native and modified forms of urokinase. PMID- 7038094 TI - Evidence for a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediation in the benzodiazepine inhibition of the release of Met5-enkephalin elicited by depolarization. PMID- 7038097 TI - Comparison of major connectors for removable partial dentures. PMID- 7038099 TI - Rare earth magnets as locking devices in sectional dentures. PMID- 7038100 TI - Treatment with esthetic periodontal prosthesis. PMID- 7038098 TI - Sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoretic analysis of the protein in palatine saliva. PMID- 7038101 TI - Using removable gingival facades with fixed partial dentures. PMID- 7038102 TI - Technique for accurate rubber base impressions for fixed prosthodontics. PMID- 7038103 TI - Linear dimensional change of acrylic resins used in the fabrication of custom trays. PMID- 7038104 TI - Effect of self-curing acrylic resin treatment restorations on the crevicular fluid volume. PMID- 7038106 TI - Existing restorations duplicated for an immediate denture. PMID- 7038105 TI - The biologic and mechanical effects of stress on oral mucosa. PMID- 7038107 TI - Stabilization of record bases in the construction of complete dentures. PMID- 7038108 TI - Psychosocial adjustment To Illness Scale (PAIS): a study of chronic hemodialysis patients. AB - One hundred and two patients on chronic hemodialysis were studied by the self report version of the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS). High agreement was found between patients' total scores (global adjustment) and physicians' assessment of the patients' adjustment. High agreement was also found between patients' reports on specific aspects of adjustment, e.g. vocational rehabilitation, psychological distress and social environment, and the physicians' assessments of the same aspects of adjustment. It is suggested that the PAIS is adequate for measuring some aspects of adjustment/maladjustment and therefore large scale studies can be undertaken, aiming at filling gaps in knowledge, clarifying contradictory information, comparing adjustment in different modalities of treatment, as well as measuring the effectiveness of different psychotherapeutic interventions. PMID- 7038109 TI - Factors influencing the evaluation of psychological and psychosomatic reactions in survivors of the Nazi persecution. AB - Since the termination of World War II, Psychiatry has been challenged with the difficult task of the evaluation of the survivors of the Nazi persecution. The psychiatric sequelae of this era reflect direct connection between the different clinical manifestations and syndromes and the conglomeration of manifold physical and psychological traumas to which the survivors have been exposed, often during a prolonged period of time lasting through several years. The present paper examines the important but somehow neglected, and often intentionally avoided, issue: namely, the review of the problems and reactions which psychiatrists, dealing with the medical examination of survivors for the purpose of reparations' evaluation, may encounter. The confrontation of the different views of psychiatric experts may frequently be complicated by deep-seated emotional issues, related to their identity. The evaluation becomes even more complex when Israeli and German experts review each others' findings. The study summarizes the different psychological mechanisms involved in the process of evaluation. Pitfalls related to inadequate use of mechanisms of defence are pointed out and suggestions for the proper ways of co-operation in the establishment of proper psychiatric and psychosomatic diagnosis are presented. PMID- 7038110 TI - A new look at cirrhosis. PMID- 7038112 TI - Mediterranean memories. PMID- 7038111 TI - Thomas Dover, physician and pirate. PMID- 7038113 TI - [Extramucosal parietal lesions of the sigmoid of different aetiologies in children: report on two cases (author's transl)]. AB - Rare, atypical, extramucosal parietal lesions in the rectosigmoid regions were observed in two children. The first child, with Henoch-Schonlein purpura, developed an intramural haematoma, a complication rarely reported in the literature. The second child had a perivisceral abscess of probable adnexial origin, arising during the course of pelvic septicaemia. PMID- 7038114 TI - Current trends in reproductive immunology: an overview. AB - Over the past decade has come general recognition that, directly or indirectly, immunology intrudes into nearly every aspect of mammalian reproduction. Charles Darwin's notion that the profligacy of women led to reduced fertility gained plausibility with the subsequent discovery of the auto- and alloantigenicity of spermatozoa and of testicular material. From this observation arose the reasonable expectation that immunological control of fertility may be feasible. Discovery of the importance of natural transfer of immunity from mother to offspring, the ontogeny of the immune response, and recognition that pregnancy is an almost consistently successful violation of the "laws of transplantation' are only a few highlights or components of the burgeoning, multifaceted field we have come to recognize as the immunology of reproduction. An overview of this subject is here presented with regard to its evolutionary origins, its accomplishments, its current trends, and some of its potentialities. The immunology of reproduction has not developed in isolation; in recent years it has benefited enormously from developments in other fields, and in its turn it has exerted its own impact on other disciplines, especially on transplantation. The present preoccupation of many immunologists with immunoregulation stems largely from independent discoveries in the realm of reproductive immunobiology - the etiology of Rhesus disease and its prophylaxis, and the principle of immunological tolerance, from investigations on the peculiarities of dizygotic twins in cattle. PMID- 7038115 TI - Are congenital vertebral anomalies and spina bifida cystica aetiologically related? AB - Radiological records of 104 patients with multiple vertebral anomalies without apparent spina bifida and 112 infants with spina bifida cystica were surveyed and the incidences of hemivertebrae and of rib, vertebral body, and vertebral arch fusions were recorded. The distributions of these four anomalies along the vertebral axis were found not to be statistically different between the two age groups. This is additional evidence to support the hypothesis that multiple vertebral anomalies and anencephaly-spina bifida cystica are aetiologically related. PMID- 7038116 TI - HLA and renal transplantation: yet another approach. AB - Renal allografts obtained from living related donors have considerably better chances of success than allografts from cadavers. The genetic factors that influence graft survival are linked to the HLA gene complex. Although results of cadaver transplants have not improved significantly when donor and recipient are matched for HLA-A and -B antigens, accumulating data suggest that matching for the more recently recognised HLA-DR antigens may produce increased graft survival. PMID- 7038117 TI - Microcomputers and computer-based instruction. AB - With the advent of low-cost modular microcomputer technology, discussions of computer-based instruction (CBI) have taken on a new direction. Earlier efforts at computer-based instruction were successful in the technical area, but the expense of starting and maintaining the programs deterred the widespread application of CBI. The initial low purchase price and minor maintenance expenses of microcomputers have lessened financial concerns about equipment purchases. The smaller size and the capability of the microcomputer have allowed CBI system developers to focus on more specific (rather than monolithic) projects so that the time and the cost for program development have been reduced. Although students have demonstrated high interest in CBI, faculties expressed some reservation about entering the field because of the new technology and the lack of supporting evidence for the value of this teaching modality. The microcomputer may be the answer to the economic and attitudinal deterrents to the success of previous attempts at CBI. PMID- 7038118 TI - Irreversible hydrocolloid used as an investment. PMID- 7038120 TI - Immune responses in carcinoma of the colon and rectum. PMID- 7038119 TI - An unusual cardiovascular foreign body: discussion of etiology and nonoperative retrieval. PMID- 7038121 TI - Comment on PRN 1981-66. PMID- 7038122 TI - PRN 1981-66, a reply. PMID- 7038123 TI - History of the Mississippi State Medical Association. PMID- 7038124 TI - The component society--a "sine qua non" to membership. PMID- 7038126 TI - From chloroform to CT scans--doctors recall early days of practice. PMID- 7038125 TI - MSMA leadership is family tradition. PMID- 7038127 TI - Auxiliary history is record of service. PMID- 7038128 TI - Public health in Mississippi. PMID- 7038129 TI - Medical education in Mississippi. PMID- 7038130 TI - Old volumes provide links with medicine of today. PMID- 7038131 TI - Passage of viral membrane proteins through the Golgi complex. PMID- 7038132 TI - Toxicity and metabolism of monoethylhexyl phthalate and diethylhexyl phthalate: a survey of recent literature. AB - The literature dealing with monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), the principal metabolite of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a widely used plasticizer, is discussed. MEHP has been shown to be moderately toxic and, following oral administration, undergoes omega- and omega- 1 oxidation to yield the same metabolites as does DEHP. In plasma there is an equilibrium between MEHP absorbed to albumin and in free solution, whereas DEHP is bound to lipoproteins. Studies involving orally administered MEHP revealed the mild hepatic changes occurred but there was no bioaccumulation of the monoester. Studies of the rat and rabbit indicated that MEHP has no teratogenic effects. PMID- 7038134 TI - Prevention of aconitine-induced neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) with hypovolemia or methylprednisolone. AB - Bilateral injections of aconitine in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area in rats produces pulmonary edema that is mediated by neurogenic mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of hypovolemia or intravenous methylprednisolone on preventing aconitine-induced pulmonary edema. Rats made hypovolemic before or after injection of aconitine or treated with 40 mg/kg methylprednisolone had normal lung weight-to-body weight ratios (LW/BW) and normal pulmonary ultrastructure. In contrast, high LW/BW and gross ultrastructural alterations were noted in rats injected with aconitine only. These findings suggest that hypovolemia was effective in preventing aconitine induced neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) because it lowered the pulmonary blood volume and that methylprednisolone provided a beneficial effect by suppressing the hemodynamic response involved in NPE or by directly stabilizing the cell membranes. PMID- 7038133 TI - Quantitative wound cultures in upper extremity trauma. AB - In a prospective study, 64 traumatic wounds to the hand and forearm were examined for infection by quantitative smear (Gram stain) and culture to determine whether significant wound contamination had occurred and to help in making the decisions regarding use of antibiotics and immediate or delayed closure. Sepsis developed in 23 of the 64 patients. The smears, available in 25 to 30 minutes, gave correct indications regarding development or absence of sepsis in 54 patients (84%); and the cultures, available in 24 to 36 hours, did so in 57 (89%). Prophylactic treatment with antibiotics in 36 patients was deemed unnecessary or inappropriate in 24 (smear and culture both negative, or organisms resistant to the agent). Quantitative smears and cultures, undertaken immediately by the techniques used in this study, are of practical value in management of traumatic wounds to the hand and forearm. PMID- 7038135 TI - Comparison of the Lazarus-Nelson peritoneal lavage catheter with the standard peritoneal dialysis catheter in abdominal trauma. PMID- 7038136 TI - A two-stage technique for excision and grafting of burn wounds. AB - While the technique of early excision and grafting has many advantages in the treatment of thermal injuries, it is not without significant complications. Hemorrhage accompanying burn wound excision can be deceptively great, as can the metabolic stress of large surgical procedures performed in the postburn period. In an effort to minimize these complications, we have developed a two-stage technique for excision and grafting of burn wounds. This technique employs layered excision of eschar, followed by an overnight stabilization period for restoration of normal body temperature and blood volume. Continuous soaking of excised areas promotes hemostasis, and insures a viable base for autografting performed on the following day. During 1978-1979, 117 burn patients underwent 137 two-stage excision and grafting procedures. Mean graft size was 1,988 cm2. Eighty two per cent of the patients had all necessary grafting performed in a single two stage operation, including grafts as large as 5,700 cm2. No graft loss occurred as a result of graft hematoma formation. Mean blood loss calculated for each two stage operation was 2,627 cc, one third of which resulted from the harvesting of autografts. Temperature decrease during surgery was also great, with significant hypothermia occurring in 51% of procedures exceeding 2 hours in length. We conclude that performing excision and grafting in two stages limits hemorrhage and heat loss from each individual surgery, thereby permitting the performance of larger procedures. Nonetheless, continued awareness of the magnitude of these complications remains an essential of successful excisional therapy. PMID- 7038137 TI - Glycocalyceal bodies and their role in tumor typing. AB - Glycocalyceal bodies are membrane-bound vesicles found on the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells and their neoplastic equivalents. They are believed to arise either from budding of the apical plasma membrane, through discharge from intracytoplasmic vesicles or through both of these mechanisms. Glycocalyceal bodies should be distinguished from particles of inspissated glycocalyceal material as well as from the vesicles that form following microvillous disintegration due to cell injury. There is also a superficial resemblance between glycocalyceal bodies and the membrane vesicles found among the lumen lining microvilli in both normal and neoplastic sweat ductal epithelium. The chief value of glycocalyceal bodies in diagnostic electron microscopy lies in their role as a marker for intestinal differentiation in tumors. Their exact function is unknown. PMID- 7038139 TI - Submicroscopic localization of human sperm antibodies. AB - In this paper the localization of three antisperm sera obtained from vasectomized men has been studied at submicroscopic level. The sera have been demonstrated to react respectively with the acrosin, the columns and the dense postacrosomal sheath, that appear to be made up of specific proteins, absent from other sperm regions. No serum has been found active against the more widely distributed proteins tubulin, dynein or actin. PMID- 7038138 TI - Pancreatic islet ultrastructure, serum and pancreatic immunoreactive insulin in somatotrophic and metasomatotrophic diabetes in dogs. AB - Pancreatic ultrastructure as well as serum and pancreatic immunoreactive insulin content have been studied in nonoperated dogs rendered diabetic by the administration of growth hormone. In somatotrophic diabetes, the beta cells of the Langerhans islets were markedly degranulated and showed dilatation and prominence of the Golgi apparatus, cytoplasmic storage of glycogen, abnormalities of mitochondria as well as dilatation, vesiculation, degranulation and disruption of the endoplasmic reticulum. In some beta cells, damage was very severe and advanced. Accumulation of fat droplets and glycogen granules was found in the ductular epithelium. Fat droplets were also seen in the cytoplasm of a few alpha and acinar cells, however, these cells and the delta cells exhibited no major changes. In dogs with metasomatotrophic diabetes, neither regranulation nor neogenesis of beta cells were noted. Cytoplasmic glycogen storage was still apparent in both the beta and ductular epithelium cells. The serum insulin level was elevated in somatotrophic diabetes and reduced in metasomatotrophic diabetes; whereas, pancreatic immunoreactive insulin was decreased in somatotrophic diabetes and, to a greater extent, in metasomatotrophic diabetes. Present findings are consistent with the hypothesis that metasomatotrophic diabetes is a consequence of the overactivity, exhaustion and atrophy of the beta cells of the pancreatic islets produced by growth hormone. PMID- 7038140 TI - The speech pathologist and management of children with tracheostomies. AB - Troublesome airway problems necessitating the presence of a tracheostomy for extended periods of time are now not uncommon in children. To date, little attention has been devoted to the communication problems these young patients encounter. Experience with 44 children with tracheostomies, some of whom are ventilator-dependent, at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia has enabled us to develop a therapy program that we feel would be useful to other speech professionals treating such patients. The speech pathologist must take an active role in the evaluation and management of these patients and the education of the family and hospital staff. The ultimate goal is to provide communicative and feeding skills to these handicapped children. PMID- 7038141 TI - Effect of donor surgeon on first cadaver kidney transplant function. AB - Community urologists and general surgeons were recruited into a cadaver kidney program in 1976. This study from 1 center compares 41 primary cadaver kidney grafts retrieved by community hospital retrieval teams to 60 primary cadaver kidney grafts retrieved by a center-based transplant team. Of the kidneys 100 were preserved with Collins' C2 flushing followed by simple cold storage and 1 was preserved with pulsatile machine perfusion. Cold storage time ranged from 9 to 44.5 hours in the community hospital kidney group and from 11 to 44 hours in the university hospital group. There was no significant difference between the 2 kidney retrieval teams with respect to 1) incidence of acute tubular necrosis, 2) 1-month serum creatinine nadir of surviving grafts, 3) 1 and 2-year serum creatinine levels and 4) actuarial graft survivals up to 5 years. Community hospital retrieval teams can provide kidneys as satisfactory for transplantation as a center-based transplant team and are a valuable resource for cadaver kidney transplant programs. PMID- 7038142 TI - Cytoreductive surgery and systemic bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy in metastatic renal cancer: a phase II trial. AB - A phase II trial has been conducted to determine the effect upon survival of cytoreductive surgery (nephrectomy) and adjuvant active immunotherapy (bacillus Calmette-Guerin) in patients with stage IV renal cancer. A total of 20 patients underwent removal of the primary tumor and received bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy (adjuvant group). The results were compared to those obtained in 20 historical controls treated with conventional methods (hormones, chemotherapy and radiotherapy with or without nephrectomy) and 16 concurrent controls. All patients in the historical control group were dead within 4 years after the diagnosis of metastases. Seven patients (35 per cent) in the adjuvant group were alive 2 to 5 years after documentation of metastatic disease and onset of therapy. The ratio of observed to expected deaths in the adjuvant group was 0.59 compared to 1.6 in the historical controls. This superior survival was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). A difference in survival between the adjuvant group and concurrent controls also was present but was not statistically significant (0.10 less than p less than 0.20). Other factors suspected to influence survival were investigated. We found that in addition to bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy a prolonged interval free of disease and better performance status had a better prognosis. Location of metastases, nephrectomy, age and sex are of no significant prognostic value. Definitive answers on the therapeutic value of bacillus Calmette-Guerin and the influence on survival of various biological factors can only be provided by large, controlled, randomized and stratified (phase III) trials. PMID- 7038143 TI - Technique for antirefluxing ureterocolonic anastomosis. PMID- 7038144 TI - Flurofamide: a potent inhibitor of bacterial urease with potential clinical utility in the treatment of infection induced urinary stones. PMID- 7038145 TI - Opsonic effect of normal and infected human urine on phagocytosis of Escherichia coli and yeasts by neutrophils. AB - The opsonic effect of urine from normal adults and patients with acute cystitis on phagocytosis of yeast and E. coli by purified human neutrophils was investigated. Urine with an osmotic pressure between 200 and 500 mOsm./kg. was the most effective as an opsonic buffer in either phagocytosis of yeast or E. coli by PMN. However, those with an osmotic pressure greater than 500 mOsm./kg. or less than 200 mOsm./kg. were rather suppressive to phagocytosis by PMN. Patient's urine exhibited a more potent opsonic effect on phagocytosis of either bacteria when compared with that of normal urine with a similar osmotic pressure. Heat inactivation gave no effect on the potent opsonic activity of patient's urine, suggesting that complement may not be working in these phagocytosis systems or that the test urine may originally contain no complement. However, immunoelectrophoretic survey of test urine and addition of serum proteins into the urine suggest the possibility that certain serum derived urine proteins other than complement may play an opsonic role in phagocytosis by PMN in the patient's urine, although the factors have not been determined. PMID- 7038146 TI - Paraneoplastic endocrinopathies associated with nonrenal genitourinary tumors. PMID- 7038147 TI - Successful percutaneous management of renal abscess. PMID- 7038148 TI - Effect of deliberate blood transfusions in cadaveric kidney allografts at a single center. AB - The effectiveness of deliberate pre-transplant blood transfusions was compared in randomly transfused and nontransfused patients who acted as controls at a single transplant center. The patients in the pre-transplant transfusion group who had never been transfused had better graft survival than all other groups. Next, were those patients who had previous random transfusions and were then placed in the deliberately transfused group. Those who had received random blood transfusions but were not in the protocol and those patients who never had transfusions did the poorest. Those patients never transfused previously who received the scheduled transfusions had far lower levels of antibodies than those who had had previous transfusions and those with previous transfusions who were then entered into the prospective transfusion protocol. The patients who had B cold cytotoxic antibodies had the highest graft survival rates. Timing was important, with the group receiving the last transfusions 3 to 6 weeks before transplantation doing significantly better than any other group. Histocompatibility locus-A and B antigen distribution among the groups did not bias the data. PMID- 7038149 TI - An aid for hemostasis in open prostatectomy: capsular plication. PMID- 7038150 TI - The vesico-psoas hitch as an adjunct to megaureter repair in childhood. AB - The vesico-psoas hitch usually has been advocated for the management of lower ureteral injuries or failed ureteroneocystostomies when there is inadequate ureteral length. Since 1966 we have used this technique in 36 children with obstructed megaureters. There has been no postoperative obstruction and reflux has been prevented in all but 1 case. The vesico-psoas hitch has proved to be an important adjunct in the repair of the obstructed megaureter, since it allows the construction of a long intravesical ureter, thus avoiding reflux, and locates the new ureteral hiatus in the bladder at a fixed point so that ureteral kinking and obstruction are prevented. PMID- 7038151 TI - Late appearance of parathyroid adenoma in a renal transplant recipient with multiple primary malignancies. PMID- 7038152 TI - Cell culture of Peyronie's disease plaque and normal penile tissue. AB - Cell cultures derived from Peyronie's disease plaque and normal penile tissue were characterized morphologically and examined by immunofluorescence for actin cable formation, and their growth properties were compared. Relative to normal penile cell cultures which grew as contact inhibited, poorly refractile fibroblast-like cells, plaque derived cell cultures consisted of round and spindle shaped cells that were more refractile and exhibited random crisscross growth patterns. Scanning electron microscopy of plaque derived cell cultures revealed changes in cell surface topography characterized by the appearance of surface membrane blebs amd microvilli. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated cells containing organized cytoplasmic microfilament bundles and nuclear indentations which resembled myofibroblasts. Such alterations were less extensive or absent in normal penile cell cultures. The amount and extent of actin cable formation was increased in plaque derived compared to normal penile cell cultures. Plaque derived cells also exhibited differences in growth properties and grew to higher saturation densities than their normal counterparts. These results demonstrate that cells derived from Peyronie's disease plaque can be grown in vitro and that these cells are morphologically altered and have an enhanced proliferative capacity. The availability of these cell cultures will permit studies directed at understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of Peyronie's disease. PMID- 7038153 TI - Dr. John McLoughlin. PMID- 7038154 TI - Oleander interference in the digoxin radioimmunoassay in a fatal ingestion. AB - An elderly woman allegedly ingested oleander leaves and died. Ventricular arrhythmias and asystole were unresponsive to cardiopulmonary resuscitation, pharmacologic agents, and cardioversion. The patient, who had no access to digoxin, had an initial serum digoxin concentration of 5.8 ng/mL. Cross reactivities between oleander extract and pure oleandrin and digoxin in the digoxin radioimmunoassay were 100:1 and 29,000:1, respectively. We postulate that glycosides in oleander leaves produced the elevated serum digoxin concentration. Based on an assumed volume of distribution of the oleander glycosides of 1 L/kg, the calculated lethal dose absorbed by our patient was 200 times greater than lethal doses in several animal species and corresponded to the absorption of 4 g of oleander leaves. PMID- 7038155 TI - Bihormonal theory of diabetes gets solid backing. PMID- 7038156 TI - Plasmapheresis to be tried in systemic lupus. PMID- 7038157 TI - A randomized trial of propranolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction. I. Mortality results. AB - The beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial (BHAT) was a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, and placebo controlled trial designed to test whether the regular administration of propranolol hydrochloride to men and women who had experienced at least one myocardial infarction would result in a significant reduction in total mortality during a two- to four-year period. During a 27-month interval, 3,837 persons between the ages of 30 and 69 years were randomized to either propranolol (1,916 persons) or placebo (1,912 persons), five to 21 days after the infarction. Depending on serum drug levels, the prescribed maintenance dose of propranolol hydrochloride was either 180 or 240 mg/day. The trial was stopped nine months ahead of schedule. Total mortality during the average 24-month follow-up period was 7.2% in the propranolol group and 9.8% in the placebo group. Arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) mortality was 6.2% in the propranolol group and 8.5% in the placebo group. Sudden cardiac death, a subset of ASHD mortality, was 3.3% among the propranolol patients and 4.6% among the placebo patients. Serious side effects were uncommon. Hypotension, gastrointestinal problems, tiredness, bronchospasm, and cold hands and feet occurred more frequently in the propranolol group. Based on the BHAT results, the use of propranolol in patients with no contraindications to beta-blockade who have had a recent myocardial infarction is recommended for at least three years. PMID- 7038158 TI - Limitations of the antibody-coated bacteria test in patients with neurogenic bladders. AB - A Fairley washout test and antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) test were performed for 35 urinary tract infections in 32 patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. The Fairley test result was used as a standard reference and was combined with clinical and ureteral catheterization culture findings when doubt existed. The Fairley test localized 35 infections: 9 to the kidney, 24 to the bladder, and 2 to the prostate. The ACB test results were positive in five of the nine renal infections and negative in four. In three of the four patients with negative results, radiological, clinical, or ureteral culture evidence of upper urinary tract infection supported localization to the upper urinary tract. Of the 26 infections localized by the Fairley test to the lower urinary tract, 20 showed negative and six showed positive ACB test results. Two of the six patients with positive results had prostate infections; the other four had chronic or recurrent cystitis. The ACB test cannot be relied on alone to localize urinary tract infections in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. PMID- 7038159 TI - Rhesus diploid rabies vaccine (adsorbed), a new rabies vaccine. Results of initial clinical studies of preexposure vaccination. AB - To meet the need for a safe, efficacious, and low-cost rabies vaccination program, the Michigan Department of Public Health developed a new rabies vaccine: rhesus diploid rabies vaccine, adsorbed (RDRV). Initial clinical studies were conducted in 534 volunteers using preexposure protocols consisting of two injections of RDRV given 1, 2, or 4 weeks apart. This new rabies vaccine induced an excellent rabies virus antibody response two to three weeks after vaccination: antibody levels were superior to those reported after duck embryo rabies vaccine and were similar to those reported with human diploid rabies vaccine. In addition, vaccination with RDRV was associated with an acceptable level of local and constitutional symptoms. PMID- 7038160 TI - Severe pelvic infection from Chlamydia trachomatis after cesarean section. AB - A severe pelvic infection developed in a 17-year-old primigravida after a cesarean section. Multiple antibiotics were administered for presumed mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections, without improvement. Subsequently, total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. Despite negative standard cultures, her condition continued to deteriorate and she required two more exploratory laparotomies for suspected intra-abdominal abscesses. Chlamydia trachomatis and, subsequently, Candida albicans were recovered from cultures of peritoneal fluid obtained after the third operation. Serological tests confirmed the presence of acute chlamydial infection. Marked clinical improvement occurred after doxycycline hyclate administration. Although genitourinary and acute pelvic inflammatory diseases due to chlamydiae have been reported previously, no case of severe pelvic infection due to this agent after cesarean section had been described, to our knowledge. Specimens should be studied specifically for chlamydiae when standard cultures demonstrate no pathogens in women suffering from documented pelvic infection. PMID- 7038161 TI - The first American officer wounded in World War I. PMID- 7038162 TI - Carotid endarterectomy's value still uncertain. PMID- 7038163 TI - Multiple-organism septicemia and carcinoma of the colon. PMID- 7038164 TI - Your practice is you. Reflections of a diagnostician. An interview with B. Harvey Minchew, MD. PMID- 7038165 TI - Therapy for acute cystitis in adult women. Randomized comparison of single-dose sulfisoxazole vs trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. AB - One hundred seventeen unselected women with symptoms of acute cystitis were randomized to groups for immediate therapy with one of the following four single dose regimens: (1) 1 g of sulfisoxazole; (2) 2 g of sulfisoxazole; (3) a combination of trimethoprim, 160 mg, and sulfamethoxazole, 800 mg; and (4) a combination of trimethoprim, 320 mg, and sulfamethoxazole, 1,600 mg. Forty-one women were excluded, 13 did not return for follow-up, and 28 did not have significant bacteriuria in the pretherapy culture. Escherichia coli was isolated in 81% of infections. Antibacterial activity was significantly greater in urine collected during the 24 hours after therapy in those who received trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. However, overall cure varied from 85% to 95%, without any great differences between the regimens. The rate of cure of 69% in the 13 patients with presumptive evidence of renal infection (antibody-coated bacteria present) was significantly lower than the rate of cure of 95% in women without evidence of renal infection. Single-dose therapy with these regimens was safe and effective in adult women with symptoms of acute cystitis, regardless of the localization of the site of infection. PMID- 7038166 TI - A remotely programmable insulin delivery system. Successful short-term implantation in man. AB - A remotely controlled, programmable insulin delivery system was implanted in a diabetic man and the feasibility of the technique was examined. Specific problems included (1) development of an appropriate surgical approach, (2) identification of methods to assess the integrity of the insulin delivery system following implantation, and (3) assessment of plasma glucose and free-insulin profiles obtained with the implanted system. The insulin pump was implanted submuscularly through a midline abdominal incision. The insulin reservoir was placed subcutaneously to allow percutaneous refilling. The insulin delivery catheter terminated in the peritoneal space. No postoperative wound infection occurred and rapid healing of the surgical site ensued. In vivo assessment of the system included (1) dye contrast roentgenography, (2) vasopressin stimulation, and (3) reservoir volume monitoring. Short-acting insulin was then placed in the implanted reservoir and delivered by the system for one month. Mean plasma glucose concentration declined to normal levels, as did glycosylated hemoglobin. Plasma insulin profiles were normalized with appropriate insulin peaks with each meal. We conclude that implantation of a remotely programmable insulin pump is feasible in type I diabetic man. Additional studies are necessary to define which patients will benefit from this type of insulin delivery system. PMID- 7038167 TI - Single-dose therapy for cystitis. PMID- 7038168 TI - Implantation of insulin infusion devices. PMID- 7038169 TI - Filippo (Philip) Mazzei. PMID- 7038170 TI - Prognosis grim for internal carotid stenosis. PMID- 7038172 TI - The William Osler lecture series. Continuing medical education in letters and science. PMID- 7038171 TI - Hulusi Behcet. PMID- 7038173 TI - Lev A. Artsimovich. PMID- 7038174 TI - The newly licensed hepatitis B vaccine. Characteristics and indications for use. AB - The inactivated hepatitis B vaccine that was licensed in November 1981 will be distributed for general use later this year. Extensive studies have confirmed the safety, immunogenicity, and remarkable efficacy of this vaccine for the prevention of acute hepatitis B disease, asymptomatic infection, and the chronic hepatitis B carrier state. The vaccine is recommended for immunization of infants, children, and adults who are considered to be at increased risk of contracting hepatitis B infection. These population groups include medical, dental, laboratory, and other health care personnel, selected patients (eg, hemodialysis, thalassemia), clients and staff of institutions for the mentally disabled, homosexually active males, intimate contacts of carriers, users of illicit drugs, infants in high-risk areas, and other high-risk groups. The availability and appropriate use of the newly licensed hepatitis B vaccine should enable physicians to prevent a serious cause of acute and chronic liver disease. PMID- 7038175 TI - JAMA reference directories. PMID- 7038176 TI - Clinical use of captopril. Illustrative cases. PMID- 7038177 TI - Acyclovir treatment of herpes zoster infections. Use in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation. AB - Three patients in whom herpes zoster infections developed following bone marrow transplantation were treated with acyclovir. The patients experienced pain relief within 24 hours of starting treatment. The progression of their skin lesions halted within 1, 2, and 4 days of therapy, respectively, and healed completely within two weeks of therapy. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that acyclovir plasma concentration-time profiles approximated biexponential equations. The drug half-lives were 3.91, 3.83, and 3.40 hours, respectively. Acyclovir was not myelotoxic and may be helpful in aborting varicella-zoster virus infections in bone marrow transplant recipients. PMID- 7038178 TI - beta-Blockade and recurrent myocardial infarction. PMID- 7038179 TI - Blue Ridge orthopedics. PMID- 7038180 TI - Martin Kirschner. PMID- 7038181 TI - The shaman. PMID- 7038182 TI - Trolamine salicylate cream in osteoarthritis of the knee. AB - Twenty-five patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee were treated topically for one week with either 10% trolamine salicylate cream or placebo cream in a randomized double-blind crossover study. No significant difference was found in subjective or objective measures of pain relief between the treatment and control groups. Eight patients preferred "active" test cream, six preferred placebo, and 11 had no preference. No side effects were reported. Topically applied 10% trolamine salicylate cream did not relieve the pain of OA of the knee any more than did placebo. PMID- 7038183 TI - Making optimum use of the microbiology laboratory. II. Urine, respiratory, wound, and cervicovaginal exudate. PMID- 7038184 TI - [Studies on in vitro antibacterial effects of amoxicillin against Proteus mirabilis IID-994 and Escherichia coli NIHJ JC-2 (author's transl)]. AB - Amoxicillin (AMPC), a synthetic penicillin for oral use, was studied in the aspect of in vitro antibacterial efficiencies brought about by different schedules of AMPC-treatment. Using Proteus mirabilis IID-994 and Escherichia coli NIHJ JC-2 as test strains. The results were obtained as follows. 1. The antibacterial effects of AMPC against P. mirabilis IID-994 and E. coli NIHJ JC-2 were shown to be bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic and the numbers of viable cells were decreased in proportion to the length of exposing time to AMPC. 2. The decrease of viable cells was independent on the drug at which level concentration we tested, namely, it was not much changed by the level of AMPC at least among 1 to 4 times of minimal inhibitory concentration. 3. The length of time retaining growth-inhibitory ability was longer in the case of treating continuously for 4 hours than that of contacting twice for 2 hours at intervals of 6 hours, although the levels of viable cells after 12 hours incubation were almost same in both cases. 4. The level of bactericidal effect and the length of growth-inhibitory time were proportional to the length of exposing time to AMPC. PMID- 7038185 TI - [Study of cefamandole in neonatal purulent meningitis caused by E. coli (author's transl)]. AB - Cefamandole (CMD) was intravenously drip infusion administered at daily dose of 400 mg/kg to the neonate with purulent meningitis caused by E. coli which was resistant to ABPC. In clinical application, CMD was evaluated as effective, although 6 mg/kg/day of GM given concomitantly. No adverse effect and abnormal laboratory findings were observed. This study would support the clinical usefulness of CMD in severe neonatal infection especially like meningitis. PMID- 7038186 TI - Studies on the mechanism of synergistic action with synergisidin and imidazole antimycotics. AB - The investigation of mechanism of synergistic action with SYN and ECZ was performed using C. albicans SC5314 so that SYN was confirmed to show strong synergistic effects against Candida sp. in particular with addition of extremely small quantities under the MICs of imidazole antimycotics such as ECZ, MCZ and CTZ. The synergistic effect of antifungal activity against C. albicans SC5314 with a combination of SYN and ECZ (SYN + ECZ) showed fungistatic action. Effect of SYN + ECZ on osmotic resistance was not recognized and protoplast was not observed under a microscope. Accordingly, SYN + ECZ was considered not to take part in cell wall synthesis directly. For effect of SYN + ECZ on release of intracellular components, slow release of 260 nm-absorbing substances was occurred, so that SYN + ECZ was seemed not to affect cytoplasmic membrane damage directly. Also, it was suggested clearly that SYN + ECZ affected lipid metabolism and glycolysis including TCA cycle from the investigation on antagonism by growth recovery of C. albicans SC5314 by 106 kinds of substances such as fatty acids, isoprenoids, phospholipids, vitamins, amino acids, nucleic acid-related substances and TCA cycle-related substances. From the above results, it was suggested that the mechanism of synergistic action with SYN and ECZ against C. albicans SC5314 was due to affect the different reactions in lipid metabolism and the similar reactions in glycolysis including TCA cycle, respectively, in consideration of respective mechanism of actions of SYN alone and ECZ alone. A part of this work was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan, 1981 (Kyoto). PMID- 7038187 TI - [Progress of beta-lactam antibiotics. Special reference to monobactam (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038188 TI - [Clinical trials with cefroxadine dry syrup in the treatment of infectious disease of children (author's transl)]. AB - Cefroxadine dry syrup was studied clinically and the following results were obtained. The drug was administered to 19 cases of bacterial infections: acute tonsillitis (6), acute bronchitis (6), scarlet fever (2), acute pyelonephritis (4) and acute cystitis (1). The daily dose was about 30 approximately 50 mg/kg except for 1 patient. The drug was given orally, 3 times a day and the duration of administration was from 4 to 11 days. The overall efficacy rate was 100%, i.e., excellent in 17 cases, good in 2 cases. One patient experienced a mild S GOT elevation and another patient in mild vomiting. From the results obtained in this study, cefroxadine dry syrup seems to be useful in the treatment of infectious diseases of children. PMID- 7038189 TI - [Absorption, excretion and clinical trials of cefroxadine in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. AB - A study was made with the newly developed cefroxadine (CXD) dry syrup by measuring the serum level, urine excretion and recovery rate in 10 children who were orally administered 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg at 1 hour after meals and the following results were gained. Also, its clinical efficacies and side effects were investigated in the following cases who were treated with a mean dose of 33 mg/day divided into 3 to 4 portions for a period of 9 days on the average; viz. a total of 151 cases consisting of 9 cases of pharyngitis, 39 of tonsillitis, 11 of streptococcal infection, i.e. scarlet fever, 7 of bronchitis, 6 of pneumonia, 1 of otitis media, 6 of purulent lymphadenitis, 1 of purulent parotitis, 1 of subcutaneous abscess and 3 of impetigo. 1. The serum level tends to reach its maximum level within 1 hour after administration. The mean concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg dose in the foregoing time were 6.35, 9.12 and 21.62 mcg/ml respectively and dose response was observed. CXD showed higher concentration than CEX, CED and CFT. The mean half-life periods of the 3 dose were 72, 84 and 66 minutes respectively and variations were observed, but the drugs maintains a satisfactory serum level. 2. The time which showed highest urine excretion was mainly in the 0 to 2 hours bracket and the average concentrations of 5 , 10 and 20 mg/kg dose in the foregoing time were 381.2, 771.7 and 1,577.7 mcg/ml respectively. The dose response was more evident than in the serum concentrations. The average recovery rates within 6 hours were 93.6, 88.3 and 94.3% respectively and they were similar to those of CEX, CED and CFT. 3. The clinical effects were evaluated were in 148 cases out of the total of 151 and 136 cases, or 91.9% showed good or excellent efficacy response. 4. The daily dose groups of less than 30 mg/kg and 31 to 40 mg/kg formed the majority and there was no difference in the comparison of the clinical effectiveness in these 2 groups. Administration of a daily dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg is sufficient for the treatment of the aforementioned mild diseases except for pneumonia. 5. The clinical effects were compared between the 3 and 4 times a day treatment groups, but there was no difference between these two groups with regard to the foregoing daily dose. The 3 times a day treatment is acceptable, but the 4 times a day treatment is preferable when pharmacokinetics if taken into account. 6. The bacteriological effects in 41 cases, or 97.6% out of the 42 cases were above the efficacy base line and a high efficacy rate was achieved. 7. With regard to side effects, diarrhea developed in 4 cases and eosinophilia in 6 cases, abnormal simultaneous increases in GOT and GPT in 1 case and 1 case each for abnormal values in LDH and BUN were seen in the clinical test values. The foregoing results show that CXD has high efficacy and safety and it can be said that it is a drug required in the pediatric field. PMID- 7038190 TI - [Clinical trials of cefroxadine on skin and soft tissue infections in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. AB - CXD was administered orally at an average dose of 28.6 mg/kg (18.3 approximately 42.3 mg/kg) for an average 6 days (3 approximately 12 days) to a total of 99 pediatric cases with skin and soft tissue infections (impetigo 89, abscess 7 and furuncle 3) ranging from 3 months to 9 years old. The drug was given twice to 4 times per day after meals. The clinical and bacteriological effects and adverse reactions of CXD as well as the susceptibility of the causative organisms against CXD and CEX were studied, and the results obtained are as described below: 1. According to judgement of the attending doctors, CXD had a high global efficacy rate of 90.9%. 2. Analysis of the attending physicians' evaluations of the clinical effects on impetigo revealed that a dose of CXD 20.5 approximately 30.4 mg/kg t.i.d. can produce satisfactory responses. 3. According to the assessments by Evaluation Committee, the global clinical effects after 3, 5 and 7 days were 81.4, 91.2 and 94.6%, respectively. This indicates that clinical responses increased with prolongation of the treatment period, viz. better responses obtained after 5 and 7 days. This suggests that a minimum of 5 days administration is required for treating these infections. 4. As for impetigo having the largest number of patients in this study, a dose of CXD 20.5 approximately 30.4 mg/kg per day seemed to produce satisfactory clinical effects. 5. As for dose per day, the t.i.d. regimen of CXD 20.5 approximately 30.4 mg/kg seemed to exhibit satisfactory clinical responses, as already mentioned. Because of quite a small number of patients on the q.i.d. regimen of higher doses, however, the question of whether the t.i.d. treatment with 20.5 approximately 30.4 mg is adequate or not should be determined by a comparative study between the q.i.d. and t.i.d. treatments. 6. As for bacteriological responses, a high global effect of 87.1% was obtained with CXD against S. aureus and S. pyogenes isolated from 74 and 1 cases, respectively. 7. As for impetigo with predominant number of cases, CXD was highly effective bacteriologically at a daily dose of 20.5 approximately 30.4 mg/kg t.i.d. As an appropriate comparative evidence with the q.i.d. treatment was lacking, however, therapeutic validity of the t.i.d. treatment could not be determined definitely. 8. Utility was evaluated by the attending physicians on the total 99 cases, and CXD showed as high as 88.9%. 9. There were neither non-compliances nor adverse reactions to this treatment. 10. CXD showed a distribution of antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEX, against 74 isolates of S. aureus with the MICs of CXD ranging from 1.56 to 25 mcg/ml and those of CEX ranging from 0.78 to 25 mcg/ml, with peak MIC being 3.13 mcg/ml for both drugs. As for S. pyogenes, only one isolate from the same species, CXD was antimicrobial activity at 0.2 mcg/ml and CEX was antimicrobial at 0.39 mcg/ml. The above findings suggest that CXD is highly effective against acute skin and soft tissue infections in pediatrics. PMID- 7038191 TI - [Use of cefroxadine dry syrup in the management of acute skin infections in children (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Cefroxadine dry syrup was in principle administered at the dosage of 10 mg per kilogram of body weight 3 times a day. 2. Evaluation was done in 4 grades, i.e. excellent, good, fair and poor. 3. According to subjective judgement by attending doctors, 'excellent' or 'good' was recorded in 90.7%. 4. If the evaluation was partially standardized, 'excellent' or 'good' was obtained in 74.8% of total 163 cases and in 78.7% of 108 impetigo cases. 5. Side effects were observed in 3 cases (diarrhea 1, fever 2). No direct correlation of these complaints with the administration of the present drug was confirmed. PMID- 7038192 TI - [Ecological and etiological studies on streptococcus mutans (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038193 TI - [Mechanism of chloramphenicol resistance in Serratia marcescens recently isolated from a clinical material (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038194 TI - [Leukemia and chromosome abnormalities]. PMID- 7038195 TI - [Plasmapheresis in familial hypercholesterolemia and bone marrow transplantation from an ABO incompatible donor]. PMID- 7038196 TI - [Chemotaxis of granular leukocytes and its biochemical, morphological structure]. PMID- 7038197 TI - [Myelocytic leukemia and its classification]. PMID- 7038198 TI - [Lymphatic leukemia and its classification]. PMID- 7038199 TI - [Classification of hemopoietic dysplasia and chronic myeloproliferative disorders]. PMID- 7038200 TI - [Leukemia and glycolipid-glycoprotein markers]. PMID- 7038201 TI - [Enzyme markers in leukemic disorders]. PMID- 7038202 TI - [Chromosome abnormalities in leukemia]. PMID- 7038203 TI - [Reaction specificity of monoclonal antibodies made from cell fusion method, with special reference to hemopoietic cells]. PMID- 7038204 TI - [Use of lectin as immunologic marker for leukemic cells]. PMID- 7038205 TI - [Analysis of surface antigens (immunoglobulins)]. PMID- 7038206 TI - [Development of new antileukemic agents]. PMID- 7038208 TI - [Clinical use of antineoplastic cell antibody]. PMID- 7038207 TI - [In-vitro prediction of clinical response to chemotherapy in leukemia]. PMID- 7038209 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation for leukemia: present status]. PMID- 7038210 TI - [Autologous bone marrow transplantation in leukemia]. PMID- 7038211 TI - [Cell kinetics of leukemic cells and its application to therapy]. PMID- 7038212 TI - [FAB classification of acute leukemia and indications for therapeutic methods]. PMID- 7038213 TI - [Management of acute juvenile leukemia, with special reference to the studies by a working group in Japan]. PMID- 7038214 TI - [Groups and types of beta-streptococcus isolated from clinical specimens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038215 TI - [Survey of blood culture at Toranomon Hospital during past 10 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038216 TI - [Detection of rubella antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay determination for IgG and IgM antibodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038217 TI - [A trial for evaluation of the quality of corticosteroid ointment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038218 TI - [A hygienic consideration of magnetic environments (author's transl)]. AB - Interest in the biological effects of magnetic fields is increasing with the widespread use of magnetism in such devices as synchrotrons, fusion reactors, magnetically levitated trains, and medical equipments. However, the biological effects of magnetism have not yet been well explained. In this paper, the whole body exposure to large magnetic field is distinguished from the local exposure to small magnets. Similarly, in considering biological effects, systemic and local responses are distinguished. Systemic biological effects were noted after long term whole-body exposures, but it was difficult to verify the existence of biological effects after short-term exposures even at high doses. The effects of magnetism on animals appear to be weak; it initially acts as a stimulant, and later as a depressant. These findings may have medical applications, and in any case, they certainly indicate the need for continuing hygienic studies. PMID- 7038219 TI - [Fast X-ray diffraction: its use in muscle physiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038220 TI - Immunization against diphtheria in Japan. PMID- 7038221 TI - [Pharmacodynamics of captopril (SQ 14225) in chronic renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038222 TI - [Prediction of results of surgery for renal artery stenosis: significance of renal venous renin activity and response to 1-sar-8-ile-angiotensin II (AII-A) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038223 TI - [Studies on the mechanism for suppression of plasma renin activity in diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038224 TI - [Renin-angiotensin system in a case of renovascula hypertension caused by acute dissecting aneurysm of the aorta (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038225 TI - [Nursing education and simulation. I. Introduction of simulation. Definition of simulation]. PMID- 7038226 TI - [Nursing education and simulation. I. Introduction of simulation in education. Introduction of simulation in the fields of medicine and nursing: a discussion]. PMID- 7038227 TI - [Nursing education and simulation. II. Teaching using simulation. Simulators in medical education: a cardiac patient simulator, Harvey, and a robot for training in resuscitation, RESIM]. PMID- 7038228 TI - [Development of CAI (computer assisted instruction) programs in nursing using patient simulators]. PMID- 7038229 TI - [Computer assisted instruction program for nursing of patients with disturbed consciousness due to cerebral hemorrhage]. PMID- 7038230 TI - [History of nursing in the Taisho era. (1). The background of nursing in the Taisho era: nursing in the Meifi and the early Taisho eras]. PMID- 7038232 TI - [Surgical treatment for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038231 TI - Changes in ingestive behavior, serum glucose and free fatty acids concentrations in rats following intracerebroventricular injection of spermine. AB - We examined the changes in ingestive behavior, serum glucose (Glc) and free fatty acids (FFA) concentrations in male rats following intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of spermine (SPM). In satiated rats, over a 53.3 nmol of SPM suppressed feeding and drinking behavior in a dose-dependent manner. The median suppressive dose was 90.8 nmol for feeding behavior and 68.3 nmol for drinking behavior. Spermidine also suppressed ingestive behavior but the potency was appreciable weak compared to that of SPM, and the occurrence of the maximal suppression was observed 2-3 days later than that of SPM. The most significant anorexia and adipsia induced by SPM appeared between 16 and 36 hr after i.c.v. administration. SPM (180 nmol) produced a biphasic increase in serum Glc concentration. The 1st peak was at 1 hr and the other peak was 24 hr after the dosing. The same dose of SPM elevated serum FFA concentrations gradually, and the maximal increase appeared 24 hr after the injection. As less than a 120 nmol dose of SPM did not alter serum Glc and FFA concentrations, there seems to be no causal relation between SPM-induced anorexia, and changes in serum Glc and FFA concentrations. Nevertheless, the findings that a very small dose of SPM produced anorexia and adipsia support the possibility that SPM may play some functional role in the brain. PMID- 7038233 TI - The Hyatt disaster: two nurses' perspectives. PMID- 7038234 TI - Hypertension: a pharmacologic approach. PMID- 7038235 TI - San Francisco Emergency Nurse Training Program. Part I. PMID- 7038236 TI - San Francisco Emergency Nurse Training Program. Part II. Evaluation. PMID- 7038237 TI - Life change in ED patients with nonacute conditions. PMID- 7038238 TI - An obstetric emergency: abruptio placentae vs. ruptured uterus. PMID- 7038239 TI - Law and the ED nurse. "Overdose" medications in the emergency department. PMID- 7038240 TI - Teamwork/personnel conflicts. PMID- 7038241 TI - Trauma notebook: pediatric resuscitation. PMID- 7038242 TI - The Hyatt disaster: two physicians' perspectives. PMID- 7038243 TI - Herbert Joseph Rapp: 1923-1981. PMID- 7038244 TI - Observer variation in the interpretation of xeromammograms. AB - We have examined variation in the interpretation of xeromammograms among radiologists designated to take part in a Canadian multicenter randomized controlled trial of screening for breast cancer. Radiologists read 100 xeromammograms comprising 10 histologically proved cancers, 40 benign abnormalities, and 50 normal films. Radiologists' opinions differed widely on the frequency of suspected or identified cancer. The diagnostic category "suspicion of cancer" or "cancer" was selected by radiologists for 10-55% of the films, and biopsy or aspiration was recommended for 21 to 53% of patients whose films were examined. Agreement on specific diagnostic categories was greatest for the diagnosis of cancer; agreement was least for the diagnosis of benign abnormalities and intermediate for the diagnosis of normality. Known cancers were in general correctly identified. These results indicate a need for development of methods to reduce observer variation in a interpretation of xeromammograms while preserving diagnostic sensitivity and validity. Results also emphasize the importance of developing strategies to ensure quality control in multicenter trials. PMID- 7038245 TI - Cystic fibrosis: diagnostic considerations. PMID- 7038246 TI - Viruses and chronic neurological diseases. PMID- 7038247 TI - [A midwife's work in the 1920s]. PMID- 7038249 TI - [Home delivery gives us a feeling of the good old times]. PMID- 7038248 TI - [Nurses, pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium in Finland in the days of Elias Lonnrot]. PMID- 7038250 TI - [Study on the social position and evaluation of nurses in the modern history of nursing in Japan. Chapter 2. The war and nursing. Section 2. World War II and nurses]. PMID- 7038251 TI - [Public health nursing at land reclamation project in Hokkaido: a segment of the history of the Showa period]. PMID- 7038252 TI - [Study on the social position and evaluation of nurses in the modern nursing history in Japan. Chapter 2. War and nursing. Section 3. War and women]. PMID- 7038253 TI - [Public health nursing at a land reclamation project in Hokkaido: a segment of history in the Showa era]. PMID- 7038254 TI - [Medical topics: bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 7038255 TI - [The social position and evaluation of nurses in the modern history of nursing in Japan. Chapter 2. The war and nursing]. PMID- 7038256 TI - [Life among farmers of a reclamation projects in Hokkaido: a life of a public health nurse in a segment of the history of the Showa period]. PMID- 7038257 TI - [Diagnostic importance of a rise in the ST segment in physical load tests with ischemic heart disease patients]. PMID- 7038258 TI - [Clinical school of Corvisart and its role in the development of the theory of heart diseases (on the centenary of the death of Jean Baptiste Bouillaud)]. PMID- 7038259 TI - [Atrial stimulation test in the diagnosis of the early stages of myocardial contractile failure in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7038260 TI - [Current problems of the classification of the patient's functional state in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7038261 TI - Endarterial urokinase in childhood hemolytic uremic syndrome. AB - Urokinase was given by unilateral infusion for 48-168 hours into the renal arteries of 8 children (0.2 to 13.0 years) with acute renal failure and impaired renal perfusion due to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Two children subsequently received a bilateral infusion. Immediate changes in renal perfusion were assessed by serial dynamic renal scanning in all patients and by repeat renal arteriography in 5. No improvement clearly attributable to urokinase was observed. In 4 surviving children assessment of divided renal function by static renal scanning 1 to 5 years after presentation showed no evidence of benefit from urokinase. Examination of the kidneys of 2 of the 3 children who died, and one who underwent bilateral nephrectomy prior to renal transplantation, showed no evidence of benefit from urokinase. Examination of the kidneys of 2 of the 3 children who died, and one who underwent bilateral nephrectomy prior to renal transplantation, showed no preservation of renal mass attributable to urokinase; in one of these children the infused kidney was considerably smaller than the untreated kidney. It is concluded that local infusion of urokinase had no beneficial effect on the course of HUS in these children. PMID- 7038262 TI - Reflux nephropathy: effects of antimicrobial therapy on the evolution of the early pyelonephritic scar. PMID- 7038263 TI - Primary nephrosis in childhood associated with focal glomerular sclerosis: is long-term prognosis that severe? AB - In our study, 32 nephrotic children with focal glomerular sclerosis were observed for an average period of 8 years (ranging 1-19 years of age). Of the 32, 25 children showed histological lesions of focal segmental sclerosis (FSG) and 7 of focal global glomerulosclerosis (FGG). All patients were reevaluated in 1979, creating the most recent status as follows: for children with FSG, 6 (24%) are in remission, 10 (40%) have a relatively normal renal function but exhibit either a persisting proteinuria (PP) or a recurrent nephrotic syndrome (NS), 1 (4%) is in chronic renal failure, 5 (20%) required dialysis and transplantation, and 3 (12%) died from non-renal causes. For children with FGG, 4 (57%) are in remission, 2 (29%) have a good renal function but display either PP or NS, and 1 patient (14%) is in chronic renal failure. The long-term observation of our study shows a more favorable prognosis than the one reported in researched literature. We believe that such results reflect a difference in the type of population encountered in our institution. Our population of patients represents less a highly referred population than the one of the centers who reported similar long-term studies, and we believe therefore that our study may represent a wider spectrum of the natural history of the disease. Moreover, the group of patients with PP or NS does not show a progressive decrease of glomerular filtration rate with time, which suggests that the disease may progress in a stepladder fashion. PMID- 7038264 TI - Renal tubular acidosis in childhood. PMID- 7038265 TI - [Karl Stolte in his time and for our time]. PMID- 7038266 TI - [B streptococcus infections in newborn and young infants]. PMID- 7038267 TI - [Significance of flow resistance in CPAP system--recommendations for practice]. PMID- 7038268 TI - [Use of a microsurgical technic and the therapeutic procedure in traumatic lesions to the peripheral nerves]. PMID- 7038269 TI - [Eventration into a suppurative wound]. PMID- 7038270 TI - [Use of the Scalpel-l apparatus in treating suppurative soft tissue wounds]. PMID- 7038271 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course of postoperative peritonitis]. PMID- 7038272 TI - [Pathogenetic role of proteolytic enzymes in the development of suppurative and septic processes]. PMID- 7038273 TI - [Experimental evaluation of some types of interrupted intestinal suture]. PMID- 7038274 TI - [Use of cryosurgery in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7038275 TI - [Effect of surgery on the enzyme-inhibitory system of blood serum in patients with sequelae of osteomyelitic coxitis]. PMID- 7038276 TI - [Prophylaxis of foreign body migration into the stomach and intestines during endotracheal anesthesia]. PMID- 7038277 TI - [Atypical extension of pancreatic cysts into the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7038278 TI - [Heterotopic transplantation of the liver of a newborn infant into an adult recipient (experimental and anatomic study)]. PMID- 7038279 TI - [Assessment of the fitness of donor livers for transplantation after preservation]. PMID- 7038280 TI - [End-to-side choledochoduodenostomy]. PMID- 7038281 TI - [Musculo-venous pump of the lower extremities (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7038282 TI - [Results of treating patients with the postthrombophlebitis syndrome]. PMID- 7038283 TI - [Protection of the corneoscleral ring punched out during filtration - angle operation against displacement into the eyeball]. PMID- 7038284 TI - [A case of acquired isolated paralysis of the inferior oblique muscle]. PMID- 7038285 TI - [In memoriam. Dr. Janina Zolkowska-Pacewiczowa]. PMID- 7038286 TI - [Visual acuity determination 50 years ago and now]. PMID- 7038287 TI - [From the bibliographer's file (X) 50 years ago]. PMID- 7038288 TI - [Ion-regulating function of the human kidneys during prolonged space flight and in simulation studies]. AB - Ten cosmonauts who performed 30- to 175-day space flights on board Salyut-4 and Salyut-6, and 50 test subjects exposed to head-down tilt (-4 degrees) for 182 days were examined. In actual and stimulated weightlessness renal excretion of calcium and potassium increased, reaching maximum during the 4-6th weeks. Before and after flight the test subjects were exposed to loading salt tests. Renal excretion of calcium and potassium in response to the loading tests with their salts postflight was much higher than preflight. During the potassium chloride load the aldosterone content in blood correlated with potassium excretion, and during the calcium lactate load an increase in calcium excretion was paralleled by a decrease in the parathormone content in blood. It is most likely that the negative balance of ions in weightlessness is associated with the reduced capacity of tissues to retain electrolytes due to the decreased ion pool. It was shown that electrolyte balance can be beneficially influenced by exercises. PMID- 7038289 TI - [Positive pressure breathing as a means of preventing unfavorable reactions to head-down tilt]. PMID- 7038291 TI - [Playing a trick on stress. Recipe against burnout in the hospital routine]. PMID- 7038290 TI - [Effect of radioprotectors on the body's reactivity when exposed to factors involved in space flight]. PMID- 7038292 TI - Influence of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris on the mortality pattern of mice after lethal irradiation with gamma rays. AB - The mortality patterns and the LD50/30 for mice free from Enterobacteriaceae, mice contaminated with Enterobacter cloacae, and mice inoculated with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae or Proteus vulgaris were examined after whole-body irradiation with gamma rays. no clear differences were observed among the infected groups, but there were clear differences between then and those negative for Enterobacteriaceae. The LD50/30 of Enterobacteriaceae-positive mice was similar to that for conventional mice. All 4 nonpathogenic Enterobacteriaceae had very similar detrimental effects on mice after lethal irradiation. PMID- 7038293 TI - Mesangial disposal of glomerular immune deposits in acute malarial glomerulonephritis of rats. AB - The disposal of immune complexes by the glomerulus and the participation of infiltrating monocytes were studied in acute malaria-associated glomerulonephritis. Young Sprague-Dawley rats were infected with Plasmodium berghei. Parasitemia reached a maximum after 8 to 12 days, ending by day 20. In all infected rats, renal immunofluorescence microscopy showed in all glomeruli granular deposition of rat IgG, IgM, and C3 in a mesangial distribution. The staining was strongest from days 8 to 12, then diminished and disappeared after day 32. By contrast, electron-dense deposits were rarely seen before day 16 when they became detectable in the mesangial matrix, particularly along the inner aspect of the glomerular basement membrane. They were most conspicuous on days 20 and 34 and disappeared by day 100. Few monocytes were detected in the glomeruli by electron microscopy and by histochemistry for nonspecific esterase. Highest counts of esterase-positive monocytes were found on day 10 (means 2.9 per glomerulus, range 0 to 5; normal control range 0 to 1). Total glomerular cell counts were transiently elevated on days 10 and 20. Renal functional damage of malarial rats was mild as reflected by a transient increase of urinary protein excretion, whereas serum urea values remained in the normal range. The results suggest that elimination of glomerular immune deposits in acute malarial glomerulonephritis of rats involves their gradual condensation and degradation in the mesangium which reduces detection by immunofluorescence while leading to formation of transient electron-dense deposits. In this model, the efficient disposal of glomerular immune deposits by the mesangium appears to minimize the infiltration of monocytes and to prevent aggravation of the glomerular injury. PMID- 7038294 TI - Phagocytosis of heat-aggregated immunoglobulins by mesangial cells: an immunoperoxidase and acid phosphatase study. AB - It has been demonstrated previously that mesangial cells (MC) phagocytose particulate material and nonimmune proteins, but that cells are able to engulf aggregated immunoglobulins (Igs) has not been proven so far. To investigate this cell function, heat-aggregated antiperoxidase (HRP) Igs were injected intravenously into Lewis rats. Sequential immunoelectron microscopic studies revealed that the injected material accumulates progressively in the extracellular compartment from 10 minutes to 5 hours and disappear afterward. This disappearance was related in part to the incorporation of aggregated anti HRP Igs within phagosomes and phagolysosomes by MC. Quantitation of the phagocytic process showed that it starts as early as 10 minutes after injection and reaches its peak at 2.5 hours. Endocytosis seems to be associated with the sequestration of injected Igs within large cytoplasmic invaginations and with micropinocytosis. To further support these observations, ultrastructural cytochemistry for acid phosphatase activity was performed. Quantitative studies showed that the number of acid phosphatase-labeled lysosomes in MC was up to 7 fold greater in rats receiving aggregated anti-HRP Igs than in noninjected ones. In conclusion, our combined immunoperoxidase and acid phosphatase studies show that MC possess a vacuolar (lysosomal) apparatus capable of handling heat aggregated Igs. Whether these cells are also operational in the disposal of soluble immune complexes in spontaneous and experimental conditions remains to be proven. In addition, observations suggesting the drainage of macromolecules from mesangium to the juxtaglomerular apparatus and from mesangium to the urinary space are presented. PMID- 7038295 TI - Diffusion of myoglobin in the diagnosis of early myocardial ischemia. AB - Myocardial ischemia was produced in 12 dogs by ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. The animals were sacrificed 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours later. The ischemic area was compared with control tissue from the posterior aspect of the left ventricle as to the glycogen content, myoglobin content, intracellular diffusion of IgG, diastase resistant periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) (D-PAS) staining material and basic fuchsin-staining material. In the earliest time period studied, 0.5 hours, glycogen loss marked a large area of ischemic change. Myoglobin loss, intracellular diffusion of IgG, D PAS-staining material and basic fuchsin-staining material were also found but involved only a small area within the glycogen-depleted zone. As the length of ischemic period increased, the area occupied by these changes approached the size of the area of glycogen loss. In all animals, the area of myoglobin loss, intracellular diffusion of IgG, D-PAS staining and basic fuchsin staining were in the area of glycogen loss. The IgG, D-PAS, and basic fuchsin parameters, in turn, were within the area of myoglobin loss but usually did not completely fill it. That is, some fibers showing myoglobin loss did not show the other changes. Can any of these changes serve as early markers for irreversible ischemic injury? Glycogen loss clearly does not. Additional data are needed to determine whether the extracellular diffusion of myoglobin and the intracellular diffusion of IgG are markers of irreversible injury. PMID- 7038296 TI - Effects of pure or combined inocula of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis on the liver and related metabolism. AB - To test for synergy between a facultative and anaerobic bacterium and the role hepatic hypoxia may have in its development, rats were subjected to intravascular infusion of 10(8) Escherichia coli, 10(9) Bacteroides fragilis, or a combination of both. Acute effects were evaluated by selected 6-hour measurements, including hepatic pO2, and longer range effects by liver cultures and histology in rats surviving 7 days. During the acute period, systemic arterial pressure and pO2 in bacteremic groups did not differ from saline-infused controls. However, hepatic oxygen supply was significantly reduced in E. coli rats and those given the combined bacteria (mean hepatic pO2 less than 10 mm. Hg versus 20.8 mm. Hg in controls). Significant increases of plasma lactate and pulse rate were also recorded. By comparison, hepatic pO2 was not reduced significantly in the B. fragilis rats, and pulse rate was similar to controls. Plasma lactate, however, increases more rapidly than in other groups. Survival rates were 100 per cent in the B. fragilis group, 88 per cent in the E. coli group, and 65 per cent in the combined group. The difference between the latter groups was not significant. Hepatic histology was normal in rats of the B. fragilis group at 7 days postchallenge. In survivors of the E. coli and combined inoculum groups, there was evidence of anoxic damage and occasional foci of neutrophilic infiltration. Liver cultures were more often positive in rats of the combined inoculum group (p less than 0.05), most often for E. coli, than in the other groups. In summary, although the acute effects of E. coli were not changed appreciably by combination with B. fragilis, the higher rate of E. coli liver infection in survivors suggests that its viability was enhanced. The role of hepatic hypoxia in this remains unclear. It is feasible that hypoxic foci provided temporary protection for B. fragilis, enabling the organisms to affect favorably the survival of E. coli. PMID- 7038297 TI - Serology of leprosy. II. Demonstration of specific antibodies to mycobacterium leprae by counter current electrophoresis. AB - A rapid and simple method for the demonstration of specific antibodies to Mycobacterium leprae using counter current electrophoresis (CCE) has been described. Three types of antigens (sonicate antigen, surface antigen and purified protoplasmic protein antigen) were prepared from purified M. leprae and tested against sera from patients with different types of leprosy, and their healthy household contacts, by CCE. Antibodies specific to M. leprae were demonstrated by CCE after absorption of sera with M tuberculosis and M. vaccae. All advanced forms of leprosy (LL and BL) and a lesser number of other forms of leprosy (BB, BT and TT) showed specific antibodies reactive with the three types of soluble antigens from M. leprae and antibodies reactive with soluble antigens from M. tuberculosis and M. vaccae. The latter type of antibodies were however removed by prior absorption of sera with respective mycobacteria. The applicability of the simple electrophoresis method in the serology of leprosy is discussed. PMID- 7038298 TI - Fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption (FLA-ABS) test for early serodiagnosis of leprosy. AB - The conventional parameters for the diagnosis of leprosy i.e. clinical symptoms aided by smear and histological examinations, have certain limitations. With the conventional parameters, it is difficult to diagnose new cases in the early stage of leprosy. Recently Abe et al (1976) and Abe and Yoshino (1978) suggested that Florescent Leprosy Antibody Absorption (FLA-ABS) test developed by one of the authors (Abe) might be useful for early serodiagnosis of leprosy. Following this, the FLA-ABS test was standardised at the Central Jalma Institute for Leprosy, Agra to study the usefulness of the test in early serodiagnosis and detection of sub-clinical infections. In the present study sera were collected from 136 cases of different types of leprosy which includes 11 cases with lesions suspected to be leprosy, 58 healthy contacts and 19 healthy controls. Using FLA-ABS test, anti M. leprae antibodies were detected in all types of leprosy irrespective of the type and duration of the disease. The test has shown significantly high positive results in very early cases of leprosy with a duration of 3-6 months and having very small lesions measuring below 2 cms. PMID- 7038299 TI - Skin test response to M. leprae precursor coccoid organisms in a high leprosy endemic area as compared to lepromin. AB - The paper describes the results on several hundred skin tests on humans using antigens from leprosy derived non-acid fast coccoid organisms, and a mycobacterium that grew out of one of the coccoid organisms. Early skin test response to the cytoplasmic fraction of one of the leprosy derived, non-acid fast, coccoid organism was very highly correlated with standard lepromin. PMID- 7038301 TI - Abstract of papers presented at the International Symposium on Mycobacterium Leprae and Other Atypical Mycobacteria. PMID- 7038300 TI - Inhibition of foot pad multiplication of M. leprae in mice vaccinated with leproma derived M. leprae precursor coccoid organism and passive transfer of DTH response to normal mice through infusion of splenic cells of such vaccinated mice. PMID- 7038303 TI - Joseph I. Waring, M.D.: the man and his times. PMID- 7038302 TI - Anesthesiology in the Civil War (Dr. Julian John Chisolm). PMID- 7038304 TI - Pellagra in South Carolina. PMID- 7038305 TI - Disaster relief after the Charleston earthquake of 1886. PMID- 7038306 TI - Broussais in Columbia, South Carolina - 1831. PMID- 7038307 TI - Waring Historical Library, Charleston, South Carolina. PMID- 7038308 TI - First, teach them to read: practical suggestions for health teachers in secondary schools. PMID- 7038309 TI - A direct effect on LHRH on anterior pituitary estrogen receptors in the female rat. PMID- 7038310 TI - The vocabulary of drunkenness. PMID- 7038311 TI - Empirical classifications of alcoholism: a review. PMID- 7038312 TI - Differential methods of family therapy in the treatment of alcoholism. PMID- 7038313 TI - On the physiological significance of positive and negative co-operativity. PMID- 7038314 TI - Bypass of superior vena cava: Six years' experience with spiral vein graft for obstruction of superior vena cava due to benign and malignant disease. AB - Ten patients had operations for obstruction of the superior vena cava (SVC) with SVC syndrome. Four patients had fibrosing mediastinitis and six and had bronchogenic carcinoma. A composite spiral vein graft was placed between the left jugular--subclavian vein and the right atrium to bypass the completely occluded SVC. The graft was constructed from the patient's own saphenous vein, which was split longitudinally and wrapped around a stent in spiral fashion. The edges of the vein were sutured together to form a large autogenous conduit. All patients were immediately relieved of SVC obstructive symptoms and signs. All grafts were patient at 7 days to 18 months, as determined by conventional or radionuclide venography or contrast-enhanced computerized axial tomography. The fact that SVC syndrome has not returned in any patient implies long-term patency. All patients with benign disease continue asymptomatic 3 months to 6 years after operation and have returned to gainful employment. All patients with SVC obstruction resulting from cancer died 1 to 21 months (mean 10.7 months) postoperatively. Spiral vein bypass graft provides effective treatment for SVC obstruction with immediate and long-term relief of SVC syndrome. PMID- 7038317 TI - Sternal infection after cardiac transplantation. Successful salvage utilizing a variety of techniques. PMID- 7038315 TI - Bronchial omentopexy in canine lung transplantation. PMID- 7038316 TI - Verapamil therapy of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter following cardiac operation. PMID- 7038318 TI - Culture-negative endocarditis. AB - Etiologic factors in culture-negative endocarditis--better referred to as "apparent" culture-negative endocarditis--include (1) previous antibiotic therapy, (2) fastidious, slow-growing bacteria, (3) nonbacterial organisms, (4) right-sided endocarditis, and (5) noninfective endocarditis. Patients with apparent culture-negative endocarditis are more likely to have had prior antimicrobial therapy and to experience major emboli than are patients with endocarditis whose blood cultures are positive within 48 hours. The literature suggests that survival of patients with apparent culture-negative endocarditis is 92% if fever responds to therapy within 1 week but only 50% if they are still febrile after 1 week of therapy. Guidelines for diagnosis and therapy are outlined. PMID- 7038319 TI - The Macklin effect: a cause of pneumoperitoneum. PMID- 7038320 TI - Why do nursing home costs vary? The determinants of nursing home costs. AB - Since the costs of nursing home care are a major component of the rapidly rising costs of health care, it is appropriate to base public policy discussions about cost containment on the determinants of nursing home costs. This article investigates the determinants of nursing home operating costs and reviews the results of 11 related econometric cost analyses conducted by the authors. Single equation cost analyses are developed for nursing homes in three states and in the nation. The cost results of a multi-equation model of nursing home behavior are also reviewed. The analyses indicate that facility size and occupancy rate are minimally important in determining cost variation. Facility characteristics, particularly type of facility and ownership, are important variables. Nonprofit facilities consistently had higher costs than for-profit facilities, after controlling for patient mix and service differences, and, in one analysis, for a measure of quality. PMID- 7038321 TI - [Evaluation of immunoreactive serum levels of insulin, C peptide and glucagon in patients with acute pancreatitis and acute abdominal pain of non-pancreatic origin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038322 TI - Clindamycin. PMID- 7038323 TI - Metronidazole. PMID- 7038324 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 7038325 TI - Rifampin. PMID- 7038326 TI - Antibiotic combinations. PMID- 7038327 TI - Vancomycin. AB - While vancomycin is thus not as nephrotoxic as once feared, its use by the parenteral route should be avoided if possible when other nephrotoxic drugs are being given. Used properly, vancomycin appears efficacious and can be given with safety to infants, children, and adults. Vancomycin is incompatible with many other drugs in intravenous solutions, especially chloramphenicol, adrenocorticosteroids, and methicillin. PMID- 7038328 TI - First and second generation cephalosporins. AB - Data on tissue levels of drugs are important, for they provide us with information on concentrations that can be achieved at the site of an infection. Yet many questions remain unanswered in this area such as whether it is better to achieve high levels in tissue rapidly as with bolus administration of a drug, or whether it is preferable to maintain levels of drug at lower but more prolonged levels, as with constant infusion administration of a drug. The goal in the future will be to correlate pharmacologic principles with the efficiency of various dosing programs and tissue levels in the clinical setting. PMID- 7038329 TI - Urinary tract antiseptics. AB - The urinary tract antiseptics discussed herein have specific advantages and disadvantages. All share a pharmacokinetic fate that makes them effective in treating acute, uncomplicated symptomatic bladder bacteriuria. Nitrofurantoin appears to be the most versatile because it is effective against upper tract infection, recurrent bacteriuria, and as a long-term suppressive agent in children and pregnant patients with only a low incidence of the development of resistance. Methenamine, when used with proper understanding of it pharmacokinetic behavior, is also effective in females with uncomplicated recurrent bacteriuria including those with multiply resistant pathogens, as well as a prophylactic agent in males with recurrent infection. There is little evidence that methenamine combined with mandelic or hippuric acid confers any pharmacologic or therapeutic advantage over the use of methanamine base alone. Nalidixic acid and oxolinic acid, in addition to effectiveness in treating uncomplicated acute lower urinary tract infections, may be effective in some patients with recurrent infections, but requires careful sensitivity monitoring of pathogens for the development of resistance. Finally, in a society whose economic pressures are such that it may not be cost-effective to use sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim for urinary tract prophylaxis--unless two or more acute infections occur per year--the use of these urinary antiseptics may offer increasing advantages now and in the future. PMID- 7038330 TI - Chemotherapy of the systemic mycoses. PMID- 7038331 TI - Drugs for the treatment of parasitic infection. PMID- 7038332 TI - Antibiotic resistance. PMID- 7038333 TI - Antibiotics and hepatic disease. PMID- 7038334 TI - Antibiotic pharmacokinetics and clinical application in renal insufficiency. PMID- 7038336 TI - The tetracyclines. AB - Tetracyclines continue to be used extensively on a world-wide basis because of their unusually broad antimicrobial spectrum and their relative safety. The first generation tetracyclines are used almost exclusively via the oral route; the second generation tetracyclines may be used orally or intravenously. Intramuscular administration is not recommended. Doxycycline is preferred in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, atypical pneumonias, intraabdominal/pelvic sepsis or trauma, venereal diseases, and in the treatment of prostatitis. Minocycline is preferred for meningococcal prophylaxis, central nervous system infections (due to susceptible organisms), and in staphylococcal infections (when tetracycline is indicated). PMID- 7038335 TI - Third generation cephalosporins. PMID- 7038337 TI - Principles of antibiotic therapy. AB - Many host factors influence both the presentation and response to therapy of clinical infections. Since the selection of an appropriate antibiotic depends significantly upon results of in vitro susceptibility testing, great care should be taken to obtain suitable specimens for culture and susceptibility studies. The likelihood that antibiotic therapy will be successful depends upon whether the drug will reach the infected site at the desired concentration and for an optimal duration of time. Local factors such as pH, oxygen tension, and the presence of inactivating substances may affect antibiotic activity. At present, many of our recommendations for dose, dosage intervals, and duration of therapy are largely empiric. Enhanced understanding of the pharmacokinetics of antimicrobial agents should provide the basis for more rational therapy in the future. The remainder of this symposium will present the data from which such recommendations can be drawn. PMID- 7038338 TI - The aminoglycosides. AB - Aminoglycosides remain the cornerstone of prophylaxis and therapy against the majority of aerobic gram-negative organisms responsible for serious sepsis in the hospital. Gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin are all equally efficacious against susceptible organisms and differ only in their patterns of resistance and pharmacokinetic profiles. The ototoxic and nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin is comparable. Amikacin appears to be preferred for general use at present because of its low resistance potential and superior pharmacokinetic profile (high and predictable serum peaks, wide toxic-therapeutic ratio, high "kill ratio," and q 12 h dosing). In spite of the introduction of the third generation cephalosporins, which are highly active against a variety of aerobic gram-negative organisms, the aminoglycosides will continue to play an important role in the treatment of gram-negative infections. Indeed, the expected usefulness of aminoglycosides may be prolonged by the introduction of the third generation cephalosporins since these drugs will probably be used in combination with aminoglycosides to extend spectrum and to take advantage of possible synergy. PMID- 7038339 TI - Principles of antibiotic tissue penetration and guidelines for pharmacokinetic analysis. PMID- 7038340 TI - Antistaphylococcal penicillins. PMID- 7038341 TI - Carbenicillin and ticarcillin. AB - Carbenicillin and ticarcillin are penicillins which were initially developed as agents to treat serious Pseudomonas infections in the seriously ill hospitalized patient. These drugs have made a major contribution to improved survival in the neutropenic patients with Pseudomonas infection, the burn patient and to the care of the patient with cystic fibrosis. Areas of use for the compounds have enlarged to include aspiration pneumonitis in hospitalized patients, intra-abdominal and pelvic sepsis, and infections due to Proteus and Enterobacter species. Careful attention to the pharmacology of the agents is necessary to achieve clinical and bacteriologic success and to avoid the toxic side-effects such as bleeding and hypokalemia associated with the use of these agents. A decade of use has shown that the agents have remained effective agents in institutions in which their use has not been abused. It is too early to clearly position azlocillin, mezlocillin, and piperacillin. In the next few years the role of these potent compounds will be established. As noted in this review, these three agents have been used with success to treat all of the aforementioned infections. With these drugs it is also essential that the physician closely correlate in vitro data and the human pharmacology of the drugs if he or she wishes to achieve the most effective response from the agents. PMID- 7038342 TI - Erythromycin. PMID- 7038343 TI - Chloramphenicol. PMID- 7038344 TI - [Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis]. PMID- 7038345 TI - [Lichen nitidus in children. Study of 17 cases]. AB - Seventeen children with clinical and histological diagnosis at lichen nitidus are reported. An incidence of one case for every 882 pediatric dermatology patients was found. LN predominated in males in a 3:1 relation. The lesions usually first appeared during infancy as grouped skin colored micropapules with shiny surface. The trunk and upper limbs were the most frequently affected body segments. The histological picture was diagnostic showing a local ganulomatous infiltrate in the papillary dermis in between two rate pages and in close contact with the epidermis. No effective treatment is known. The lesions spontaneously disappeared in an average time of 18 months. PMID- 7038346 TI - [Tinea capitis in adults and adolescents. A note on 8 cases]. AB - We have studied five cases of "Tinea capitis" in adults and two in young people (13 years old). All the adults cases and one of the young people were female. The causative fungi have been: "T. violaceum" in four patients; "T. mentagrophytes", var. granulosum, "T. mentagrophytes", var. vellosa and "T. tonsurans", in each of the others three, respectively. The clinical features in one case was similar to a seborrheic dermatites with a resaciform "Tinea faciei"; three other cases were suggestive of cronic imptigo contagiosa and even of favus impetigoid; still other one was mimicking a pseudopelada; other one started as a alopecia areata. developing later on, deep abscesiform lesions of torpid evolution; the last one had a typical kerion Celsii. All the patients have showed a good response to specific treatment, with satisfactory regrowing of hair. There are comments on the casuistic and comparation with the reviewed cases in the medical literature. PMID- 7038347 TI - [Cutaneous mastocytosis in twins]. AB - The case of a pair of fraternal twins of seven months of age with cutaneous Mastocyte disease is presented. A brief historical survey of this condition is made. The histological picture is described with special emphasis on the mastocyte and its physiopathology. A description of the clinical aspect of the Pigmentous Urticaria in children and a brief reference to the other clinical forms of Mastocyte disease in its localized and systemic manifestations are presented. The different etio-pathogenic genetic theories related to this disease are considered, on account of the occurrence of this condition in members of a same family and in identical and fraternal twins. A revision of cases available up to date is made. The conclusion is that the etio-pathogenic problem is not solved yet, although the Mastocyte disease is considered as depending on a hereditary factor, not clearly defined yet, predisposing to this condition. PMID- 7038348 TI - [Mast cells in the skin of rats during development]. AB - The number of mast cells in the skin of the rat increases from the 17th day of the embryonic period to the end of the first postnatal month in the dorsum of the trunk and the head, while in the overlip skin the peak values are reached at the end of the first postnatal week. In the adult animal, the normal values are about one third of the maximum values in all areas. The number of mast cells decreases during the three first days after incised skin injuries; later on, their number increases up to the tenth day, and subsequently decreases, reaching normal values at the end of the second week. These patterns parallel the increase in fibrillary proteins, the development of vascularization and growth of hair follicles in the different scar tissue in skin injuries, respectively. A trophic affect of mast cells may be postulated. This could be exerted by two pathways: an indirect one, related to the vasoactive action of histamine, an a direct one, showing the increased rate of cell division induced by histamine in cultures of epidermal cells. The addition of cimetidine inhibits this stimulating action of histamine; because of this, the stimulating effect of histamine appears to be mediated by H2 receptors. PMID- 7038349 TI - [Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (Giedion)]. AB - Three cases of the Tricho-rhyno-phalangeal syndrome (TRF) are described. Two cases were in the same family with some affected membres (Camacho et al., 1978). The third case, of sporadic presentation, showed radiological signs of Perthes' disease. All cases presented the main clinic and radiologic alterations of the TRF syndrome: hypotrichia, pear-shaped nose and cone shaped epiphyses. Some of them presented other characteristic features such as: darwism, prominent nose, elonged philtrum, thin upper lip, baldness of the external 1/2 eyebrows, prominent ears of low implantation, shortening of some fingers (of metacarpals and metatarsal), onicodystrophy, etc. The differential diagnosis must be stablished with: a) congenital processes which present facial abnormalities, specially of the nose, b) congenital atrichias o hypotrichias associated to osteoarticular troubles of the growth and c) congenital syndromes with epiphyses in cone (peripheric dysostosis). Finally, we find, by scanning electron microscope studies, an increase of the cuticular cells in detachment, an inespecific sign that denotes a special lability of these patients' hair to the action of the outside agents on it. PMID- 7038350 TI - [Purpura as a result of sensitization to 8-MOP in the course of PUVA therapy]. PMID- 7038352 TI - [Proliferating trichilemmal cyst. Apropos of a case]. AB - Malignant change in some keratinous cysts is a possible but rare condition. It seems acceptable that many publications concerning squamous cell carcinomas arising from previous cysts, actually correspond to the entity which Wilson-Jones called "proliferating epidermoid cyst" and they must be considered as pseudomalignant lesions, despite the presence of some features that may lead to a diagnosis of carcinoma. Although it is rare, which is nowadays called "proliferating Trichilemmal cyst", should be widely acknowledged since its misdiagnosis as squamous cell carcinoma leads to surgical treatment which is more drastic than necessary. Herein is presented an unusually situated case of proliferating Trichilemmal cyst and a review of the principal characteristics that have been pointed out in this tumor. PMID- 7038351 TI - [Panniculitis in pancreatic diseases]. AB - A case of panniculitis in a patient with a pancreatic pseudocyst is described. Etiologic possibilities of the dermic lesions are analized, pointing out the role of the antiproteolytic enzymes and immunologic factors. In our patient neither immunologic or alpha-1-antitrypsin anomalies were detected. The skin lesions are probably related to the release of the pancreatic enzymes into the blood. PMID- 7038353 TI - [Incapacitating pansclerotic morphea in childhood]. AB - An 8-year old boy with generalized morphea involving all levels of the skin and soft tissues with disabling course, policlonal elevation of gammaglobulins and peripheral eosinophilia is examined. Neither Raynaud's disease nor sings of systemic scleroderma were present. The biopsy specimen showed thickening and hyalinization of collagenous tissue with moderate lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration, mainly in the subcutaneous region and fascia. A diagnosis of Disabling Panscleroti morphea of children (Diaz-Perez et al., 1980) was done. With this case and others reported in the literature, the authors compare this peculiar picture with the usual type of morphea, systemic scleroderma and eosinophilic fasciitis. PMID- 7038354 TI - [Parallel double-blind comparison of bazalin and desoximetasone 0.25 in neurodermatitis]. AB - In a double-blind study on 22 patients affected by neurodermitis the action of two ointmes was studied. Both possess an activity in controlling the clinical and histological manifestations of the disease. Desoximethasone (red labelled tubes) is very usefull in controlling pruritus and, histologically, the epidermal component of the lesions. Bazalin (yellow labeled tubes containing fluocinolone acetonide 0.025%, leucobitupal 5% an salicylic acid 3%), has a higher antiscaling action a more intense activity on the dermal component of the lesions. PMID- 7038355 TI - Complaints and complaint procedures in the Eighteenth-and early Nineteenth century provincial hospitals in England. PMID- 7038356 TI - Glanders: medicine and veterinary medicine in common pursuit of a contagious disease. PMID- 7038357 TI - Nicolo Massa, his family and his fortune. PMID- 7038359 TI - The fame and notoriety of Dr. John Huxham. PMID- 7038358 TI - The survival of traditional medicine in lay medical views: an empirical approach to the history of medicine. PMID- 7038360 TI - Partial ciliary process laser photocoagulation in the management of glaucoma. AB - partial ciliary processes argon laser photocoagulation (PCLP) in the management of glaucoma has been the subject of a carefully conducted, prospective 5+-year clinical trial in 22 eyes of 20 patients. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) +/- SD was significantly lower (15.5 +/- 3.6 mm Hg) than before the procedure (29.9 +/- 10.1 mm Hg; 0.001 less than P less than 0.005, paired t-test). The mechanism of intraocular pressure reduction is due mainly to the reduction in the rate of aqueous humor formation with a mean outflow facility (C-value) +/- SD of 0.12 +/- 0.11 before and 0.12 +/- 0.06 microliter/min/mm Hg after the procedure. This new procedure, done on an out-patient basis, shows promise as a convenient, low-risk, and useful alternative procedure in selected glaucoma cases that are poorly controlled by medical or surgical measures. This new approach may also be used as an adjunct in the medical and/or surgical management of aphakic and ciliary block glaucoma. PMID- 7038361 TI - Laser therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Thirty people with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis received laser exposure to a Q-switch neodymium laser that operated at 1.06 micrometer with an output of 15 joules/cm2 for 30 nsec. One hand was lased at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and metacarpal phalangeal (MCP) joints, whereas the other hand was sham lased. The patient, physician, and occupational therapy evaluators did not know which hand was being lased. Twenty-one patients noted improvement of both their MCP and PIP joints of both hands during laser therapy. Twenty-seven noted improvement of their PIP joints and 26 noted improvement of the MCP joints during therapy. Heat, erythema, pain, swelling, and tenderness all improved with time in both hands, but the lased hand had more significant improvement in erythema and pain. There was also significant improvement in grasp and tip pressure on the lased side. The level of circulating immune complexes as measured by platelet aggregation decreased during lasing. The improvement may be related to laser exposure. The exact role that laser radiation has upon rheumatoid arthritis and its mechanism of action remain to be elucidated. PMID- 7038362 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during immunosuppressive therapy after cadaveric renal transplantation - case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038363 TI - [Carl Prausnitz-Giles and the reagin saga (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038364 TI - Neural and hormonal control of Brunner's gland secretion. AB - For many years it has been speculated that the physiological function of Brunner's glands was to secrete mucus to protect the proximal duodenum from the corrosive effects of acidified gastric juice. However the control of Brunner's gland secretion remains an enigma. Some evidence exists which indicates both cholinergic and adrenergic innervation of these glands, but current consensus weighs heavily in favor of a hormonal stimulus for glandular secretion. This is based in part on evidence obtained from denervated Brunner's gland pouches following a feeding stimulus. a number of hormones and hormone-like substances have been investigated as possible mediators in this secretory response, however, no specificity was ever demonstrated. The inability to pinpoint a given substance as a common mediator can be attributed to the fact that most active agents employed also affect duodenal motility. We present evidence that Brunner's gland secretion can be observed to be a diphasic response. The initial, transient response is always observed in the presence of increased duodenal motility. The sustained response does not require duodenal motility and is probably hormonally mediated. PMID- 7038365 TI - Urinary alkaline phosphatase: inhibition and electrophoresis characteristics. PMID- 7038366 TI - The LOX antigen: a new chemically-induced red cell antigen. PMID- 7038367 TI - The ultrastructural appearance of Candida albicans with different fixatives. PMID- 7038368 TI - Indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): practical aspects of standardization and quality control. PMID- 7038369 TI - Microbial colonisation of cerebrospinal fluid shunts. PMID- 7038370 TI - [Autogenic training in the combined treatment of sleep disorders]. PMID- 7038371 TI - [Evaluation of the errors in analog recording of radionuclide dilution and clearance curves]. AB - The mathematical expression for the function of changes in the output signal of the analog medium frequency pulse meter (MFPM), supplied on the input of the dilution curve (clearance) of a radioactive indicator, is obtained. The graphs illustrating the deformation of the initial curve at different MFPM time constants and different rates of the increase and decrease in the input signal, corresponding to the real conditions occurring in the study of the regional cerebral and muscular blood flow with the use of 133Xe clearance and the study of the blood flow volume through heart and large vessels with the use of RISA-131 dilution, are plotted. The errors introduced by the MFPM to the obtained data of the basic informative parameters--a period of half-dilution, the maximum value and the area under the curve are calculated. The graphs of the errors versus the MFPM time constants are normalized by the time units relative to the maximum of the corresponding initial curves thus enabling one to use the graphs as a versatile means in the course of assessment of the dilution and clearance curves' distortions introduced by the analogous MFPM. The analysis of the results obtained is presented. PMID- 7038372 TI - [With breviary and scalpel. Legendary abdominal operation of King Henry II]. PMID- 7038373 TI - Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis: a discrete clinical entity. AB - We conclude that chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis is a clinical entity which has not usually been recognized as one of the forms of pulmonary disease due to Aspergillus species. Patients are middle-aged, and often have some evidence of impairment of host defenses such as diabetes mellitus, a connective tissue disorder, poor nutrition, chronic obstructive lung disease or low dose corticosteroid therapy. They are almost always symptomatic with fever and a productive cough, and their chest roentgenogram shows infiltrative and cavitary disease, typical of a chronic destructive lung process such as tuberculosis or anaerobic infection. Cavity formation is often accompanied by the development of a mycetoma. The disease is usually of 1 to 6 months duration but can be present for years prior to diagnosis. The diagnosis is suggested by the clinical course and the isolation of the fungus from pulmonary secretions; negative cultures for other pathogens and failure to respond to antibacterial or antimycobacterial therapy are characteristic. The diagnosis is confirmed by pathologic evidence of tissue invasion by the fungus or a response to specific antimycotic therapy. The symptomatic response to antifungal chemotherapy, at times combined with surgical drainage or resection, is favorable. However, roentgenographic resolution is not uniform, and many patients have residual cavitary disease. The long-term prognosis is uncertain. PMID- 7038374 TI - Renal papillary necrosis: an update. AB - The clinical and diagnostic features of renal papillary necrosis (RPN) of 27 patients were studied. Diabetes mellitus was the most frequent (56%) condition associated with RPN. Analgesic abuse, sickle hemoglobinopathy and urinary tract obstruction were present in 4 patients each; in 6 of these 12 patients these conditions were present as a coexistent disease with diabetes mellitus. There was evidence of an acute or chronic infection of the urinary tract in 18 patients, as a coexistent condition with another underlying disease that itself can cause RPN in 14 patients and as the only cause of RPN in another 4. Thus, the presence of more than one diagnostic condition which might be implicated in the causation of RPN was present in 15 patients or 55% of the cases in this series. When infection was excluded, six patients or 22% of the cases had two coexisting diseases, each of which has been implicated as a cause of RPN. This observation underlines the multifactorial nature of this entity and might explain why RPN is not encountered more frequently in each of the various primary diseases with which it has been associated. The average age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 53 years for women and 56 years for men. Only six of the patients were younger than 40 years, and three of these had sickle hemoglobinopathy. The diagnosis of RPN was based on x-ray findings in eight patients, on the histologic examination of papillary tissue in urine in one, and on autopsy findings in the rest. Papillary necrosis was bilateral in three-fourths of the cases. The clinical picture varied. Most of the patients (67%) presented with chills and fever. Flank pain and dysuria were present in 11 patients (41%). As a rule oliguria was rare and progressive uremia was uncommon. In cases diagnosed at post-mortem, the patients had succumbed to infection or to a primary severe extrarenal disorder with the possibility of RPN having been entertained clinically in only half these cases prior to autopsy. PMID- 7038375 TI - Haemophilus influenzae meningitis: the spectrum of disease in adults. AB - Fifteen cases of Haemophilus influenzae (HI) meningitis in adults occurring of Cleveland during the last 11 years are presented. The majority of patients had factors predisposing to infection such as otitis, pneumonia, diabetes or alcoholism. In addition, 7 of the 15 patients developed meningitis at various intervals following head trauma and neurosurgery, and 3 patients required dural repairs for CSF rhinorrhea. The diagnosis of meningitis may be difficult to establish resulting in delay in appropriate therapy in some cases. Nuchal rigidity was absent frequently; CSF lymphocytosis can be seen initially. The CSF Gram stain may be negative or the pleomorphic nature of the organism on Gram stain may make distinction from other gram-negative organisms difficult. The majority of patients had meningitis due to non-Type B HI in contrast to previous reports of this illness in children and adults. One of our patients had beta lactamase producing HI isolated from CSF. We believe that chloramphenicol should be included in the initial empiric therapy for adults with meningitis and gram negative coccobacillary rods on Gram-stain or negative CSF Gram-stains. PMID- 7038376 TI - Methylation of ribosomal proteins during ribosome assembly in Escherichia coli. AB - In Escherichia coli, a number of ribosomal proteins are methylated. The time of methylation of L7 and L11 during ribosome assembly was studied. It was observed that the methylation of L7 could occur in the free protein stage. Both the 32S and 40S ribonucleoprotein intermediates also contained methylated L7 although the extent of methylation in these particles was not as high as in the free L7, the 45S or the 50S particles. Free L11 could also be partially methylated but the bulk of methylation of this protein was found in the 45S and the 50S particles. It was previously reported that the methylation of L7 is inversely proportional to the growth temperature (Chang 1978), we now show that once L7 is methylated at 25 degree, the methyl group is stable when the culture is shifted to 37 degree C. However, a partial turnover of the methyl group of L7 is observed when the methylated ribosome is chased at 25 degree C. On the other hand, the methyl groups of L11 appear to be stable at either 25 degree C or 37 degree C. We also observe that the extent of methylation of both L7 and L11 stays nearly constant during the cell growth cycle from early log to stationary phase. PMID- 7038377 TI - Recessive and dominant genes controlling inducible sexual agglutinability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - We have characterized the two dominant genes, IND 1 and IND 2, responsible for inducible sexual agglutinability. The strains carrying these genes differ from the inducible strains carrying the recessive gene, saa 1 in the following points. The former strains produce agglutination substance at 22 degree, 28 degree, and 37 degree C only response to sex pheromone of the opposite mating type, but the latter strains produce the substance constitutively without the pheromone at 22 degree C, only in response to the pheromone at 28 degree C, and do not produce the substance, even in the presence of the pheromone, at 37 degree C. We suggest that strains carrying one of the dominant, inducible genes are wild type and have a pheromone-controlled regulatory system of sexual agglutinability. PMID- 7038378 TI - Ribosomal protein modification in Escherichia coli. III. Studies of mutants lacking an acetylase activity specific for protein L12. AB - Among mutants of E. coli selected for temperature-sensitive growth, four were found to possess alterations in ribosomal proteins L7/L12. Of these, three apparently lack protein L7, the acetylated form of protein L12. Genetic analyses have revealed that the mutation responsible for this alteration maps at a locus around 34 min of the current E. coli genetic map, which is clearly different from the location for the structural gene for protein L7/L12 which is situated at 89 min. Hence, the gene affected in these mutants was termed rimL. Tryptic and thermolysin fingerprints of the protein L12 purified from the rimL mutants showed a profile indistinguishable from that of wild-type protein. It was found that the assayed in vitro, in the high-speed supernatant prepared from mutant cells. These results indicated that the three mutants contain mutations in the gene rimL codes for an acetylating enzyme specific for ribosomal protein L12. PMID- 7038379 TI - Plasmid replication functions. VII. Electron microscopic localization of RNA polymerase binding sites in the replication control region of plasmid R6-5. AB - RNA polymerase binding sites on the R6-5 miniplasmid derivative, plasmid pKT401, were mapped by electron microscopy of DNA:RNA polymerase complexes formed with both circular-supercoiled and restriction endonuclease-linearized plasmid DNA molecules. Of eight specific binding sites on pKT401 that were identified, three were found to be in the P-6 fragment of the plasmid replication region, three in the Tn3 element, and two in other parts of the plasmid molecule. Binding sites 1 and 3 in the P-6 fragment are most probably the promoters of the copB and copA/incA plasmid replication control genes, respectively, whereas site 2 in this fragment appears to be the promoter of the essential replication gene, repA. The location of these promoters in relation to the site of action of the plasmid replication control elements, copT, and the origin of replication, oriV, suggests that replication control may be effected by regulation of transcription events initiated at site 2, or of the activity of transcripts initiated from this site, i.e., by regulation of the expression of the repA gene or another function dependent upon these events. PMID- 7038380 TI - On the role of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase sigma factor in T4 phage development. AB - The rpoD800 mutation causing the temperature sensitivity of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase sigma factor has been used to demonstrate that the bacterial sigma factor is necessary throughout T4 phage development. In T4-infected RpoD800 mutant cells RNA synthesis is equally depressed at restrictive temperature at early and late stages of infection. The results show the bacterial sigma factor to be necessary for the synthesis of all RNA types in infected cells. PMID- 7038381 TI - The DNA sequence change resulting from the IQ1 mutation, which greatly increases promoter strength. PMID- 7038382 TI - An estimate of the frequency of in vivo transcriptional errors at a nonsense codon in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7038384 TI - Regulation of early gene expression of bacteriophage phi 80: transcriptional regulation by phi 80 gene 30. AB - The gene30sus620 mutation of bacteriophage phi 80 was mapped close to the left of the cI gene on the standard genetic map. The distance between the mutation (gene30sus620) and the cI gene was about 0.01%, as judged by recombination frequencies. The transcriptional pattern of the mutant showed two distinct differences from that of the wild type; late mRNAs were not synthesized, and early genes were preferentially transcribed rightward in contrast with the predominantly leftward transcription in the wild type. The synthesis of early proteins was also affected. Wild-type phi 80 permits synthesis of five major proteins (pE, pB, pA, pC, and pD) and two minor proteins (pU and pV) upon infection of ultraviolet-irradiated cells. Synthesis of the major proteins was significantly reduced in the mutant, while synthesis of the two minor proteins was enhanced several-fold in this mutant. These results indicate that the gene 30 product regulates the transcription of the two operons in the early region of phi 80, i.e., operon 1, which is transcribed to the left and codes for the five major proteins, and operon 2, which seems to be transcribed to the right and codes for the two minor proteins. PMID- 7038383 TI - Assembly of bacteriophage T4 tail fibers: identification and characterization of the nonstructural protein gp57. AB - Formation of both the tail fiber and the baseplate of bacteriophage T4 depends on the product of T4 gene 57. A single amber mutation in that gene causes loss of two T4-specific proteins. Their molecular weights are 18,000 and about 6,000, respectively, based on their electrophoretic mobilities in SDS-polyacrylamide gels. E. coli carrying a cloned T4 DNA fragment of about 700 basepairs, which directs the synthesis of the smaller protein only, specifically supports the growth of gene 57 amber mutants. We conclude that the small protein is a functional product of gene 57. PMID- 7038385 TI - Kinetics of c2-repressor synthesis in a regulatory defective P22 mutant. AB - Phage P22 defective in gene 24 and harbouring the Oc mutation k5 in OR exhibits a strongly increased c2-repressor synthesis after infection of non-lysogenic S. typhimurium. The repressor synthesis depends strictly on an intact c1 gene. The kinetics of its synthesis, as monitored by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, is the same as with P22 c+, namely a turn off 8-10 min after infection. - After infection of P22-lysogenic bacteria with either P22 24- k5 or P22 24- k5 c1, much lower amounts of repressor are synthesized but again with the same kinetics. These results suggest a cro-like function acting at PRE and PRM of P22. The possible reason for the c2 overproduction is discussed. PMID- 7038386 TI - Kinetics of P22 early gene expression suggests a cro-like regulatory function. AB - Analysis of phage-specified protein synthesis after phage infection of UV irradiated cells shows a turn-off of early gene expression, a regulatory event that is independent of the known P22 regulatory functions. This supports the suggestion of a cro lambda-like function in P22. We have identified the products of genes 18 and int as contributing to the complex 40,000 dalton band in our SDS polyacrylamide gels. Both gene products appear to be subject to regulation by the cro-like function of P22. Proteins of 33,000, 29,000, 27,000, 25,000, and 24,000 MW, specified by as yet unidentified P22 genes of the early leftward operon, are regulated by the same function. Our data suggest that the cro-like function is expressed from the early rightward operon. PMID- 7038387 TI - The target of the negative regulator of pMB1 replication overlaps with part of the repressor coding sequence. AB - Plasmid mutants (svir), insensitive to inhibition by the repressor of initiation of pMB1 replication, have been selected by exploiting their ability to support lambda growth in the presence of lambda repressor and inhibitor of plasmid replication. The alteration in the mechanism that controls plasmid replication causes a change in the plasmid copy number, svir mutants are dominant, as expected for mutants in the target of a repressor, but at the same time they are unable to synthesise a repressor active on the wild-type target. This lack of cross interaction between svir mutants and a co-resident wild-type plasmid results in their compatibility. These findings are explained by postulating that the target of the inhibitor of pMB1 replication coincides with part of the DNA segment that codes for the inhibitor itself. As a consequence single base pair changes in the target result in altered repressor molecules. PMID- 7038388 TI - Elevated recombination and pairing structures during meiotic arrest in yeast of the nuclear division mutant cdc5. AB - A diploid strain of yeast, homozygous for the mutation cdc5-1, undergoes a normal meiosis at 25 degrees C. At the nonpermissive temperature of 34 degrees C, meiosis is arrested at the first meiotic division, after premeiotic DNA replication and recombination commitment have taken place. Haploidisation commitment does not occur at 34 degrees C. Electron microscopy reveals that synaptons (synaptonemal complexes) are formed and the stage of arrest is characterised by a prevalence of "modified synaptons", which consist of paired lateral elements lacking the central elements. Prolonged incubation at this stage of arrest results in unusually high recombination levels, perhaps related to the synaptonal structures observed. Temperature shift-up experiments (transfers of cell from 25 degrees C to 34 degrees C at various times during meiosis) reveal that the CDC5 function is required for both the first and the second divisions of meiosis. PMID- 7038389 TI - Replication control functions of plasmid R1 act as inhibitors of expression of a gene required for replication. PMID- 7038390 TI - Interconnection between assembly and synthesis of ribosomal proteins. PMID- 7038392 TI - Recombination and mutagenesis in rad6 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: evidence for multiple functions of the RAD6 gene. AB - The rad6-1 and rad6-3 mutants are highly UV sensitive and show an increase in spontaneous and UV induced mitotic heteroallelic recombination in diploids. Both rad6 mutants are proficient in spontaneous and UV induced unequal sister chromatid recombination in the reiterated ribosomal DNA sequence and are deficient in UV induced mutagenesis. In contrast to the above effects where both mutants appear similar, rad6-1 mutants are deficient in sporulation and meiotic recombination whereas rad6-3 mutants are proficient. The differential effects of these mutations indicate that the RAD6 gene is multifunctional. The possible role of the RAD6 gene in error prone excision repair of UV damage during the G1 phase of the cell cycle in addition to its role in postreplication repair is discussed. PMID- 7038391 TI - The mechanism of interallelic complementation at the INO1 locus in yeast: immunological analysis of mutants. AB - The ino1 locus of yeast has been demonstrated to be the structural gene for the repressible enzyme, L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (Donahue and Henry 1981 a). We have screened a large number of allelic representatives of the ino1 locus for the presence of protein which cross reacts with antibody produced in response to purified wild type inositol-1-phosphate synthase. Approximately 50% of all ino1 representatives screened by immunoprecipitation produce a protein of 62,000 molecular weight, identical in size to the wild type enzyme subunit. These mutants (termed crm+) were tested for expression of the 62,000 MW protein under conditions which are repressing for the wild type enzyme (greater than 25 microM exogenous inositol). The protein produced by the crm+ mutants, like the active enzyme in wild type yeast, is repressed in the presence of high levels of exogenous inositol. In addition, we have reassessed the interallelic complementation pattern observed among mutants at the ino1 locus. The entire pattern of interallelic complementation is temperature sensitive. PMID- 7038393 TI - Weigle reactivation of the single-stranded DNA phage f1. AB - The survival of ultraviolet light (UV) damaged single-stranded DNA bacteriophage f1 is increased when the Escherichia coli host is irradiated with UV prior to infection. This repair, called Weigle reactivation, is multiplicity independent and is absent in recA and in lexA mutants. The function of the recA-lexA repair system needed is repair and not recombination, as demonstrated by the absence of Weigle reactivation in mutants that are recombination proficient but defective in repair of double-stranded DNA. Weigle reactivation of f1 requires high levels of the recA protein, and in addition activation of recA or another protein. This activation can be produced by UV irradiation, or by the tif-1 allele of recA together with the spr allele of lexA. Mutagenesis of f1 has the same requirements as W-reactivation, and in addition requires UV irradiation of the phage. PMID- 7038394 TI - Induced radioresistance: an aspect of induced repair. AB - Irradiation of Escherichia coli cells with UV or X-rays followed by incubation under conditions in which protein synthesis can occur results in a population of cells that is resistant to X-rays; however, this resistance develops only if the cells are recA+ and lexA+, a fact that associates the phenomenon with induced (S.O.S.) repair. By observing separately the component of a culture that is resistant and the component that retains its normal growth, the fraction of induced and uninduced cells for a dose of UV or X-rays can be estimated. Such estimates show that the dose-response for UV induction of resistant cells agrees with that of the recA gene product. Thus induced radioresistance is considered to be due to the changes in the cell occasioned by the derepression of recA and lexA. These changes are expected to be involved with the synapsis of homologous genomes that is necessary for the use of a second genome to repair damage occurring in both strands of a duplex at the same base, as exemplified by a double-strand break or an interstrand crosslink. This consideration is additionally supported by the increased resistance of cells grown to contain multiple genomes in the same envelope, an increased resistance not found in recA- or lexA- cells. The condition of a completed chromosome is also resistant, again not in recA- or lexA- cells. We suggest that cell killing by X-rays is due to the double-strand breaks which are not repaired by molecular synapsis before the arrival of the replication polymerase at the break. PMID- 7038395 TI - Electron microscopy of native and cloned mitochondrial DNA. PMID- 7038396 TI - Characterization of postreplication repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and effects of rad6, rad18, rev3 and rad52 mutations. AB - Postreplication repair of nuclear DNA was examined in an excision defective haploid strain of yeast lacking mitochondrial DNA (rad1 rho 0). The size of the DNA synthesized in cells exposed to various fluences of ultraviolet light (UV) corresponds approximately to the average interdimer distance in the parental DNA. Upon further incubation of cells following exposure to 2.5 J/m2, the DNA increases in size; by 4 h, it corresponds to DNA from uniformly labeled cells. The alkaline sucrose sedimentation pattern of DNA pulse labeled at various times after UV irradiation, for up to 4 h, does not change substantially, indicating that dimers continue to block DNA replication. A significant amount of postreplication repair requires de novo protein synthesis, as determined by its inhibition by cycloheximide. The rad6 mutant does not carry out postreplication repair, the rad18 and rad52 mutants show great inhibition while the rev3 mutation does not affect postreplication repair. Both recombinational and nonrecombinational repair mechanisms may function in postreplication repair and most of postreplication repair is error free. PMID- 7038397 TI - Screening for mutants temperature sensitive in protein synthesis by using methionine analogues. AB - Two new mutants are described which are temperature sensitive in protein synthesis. The mutants were obtained by a screening procedure using methionine analogues. The method is based on two findings: a) that in E. coli, and in other members of the Enterobacteriaceae, sensitivity to methionine analogues increases with the growth temperature, and b) that cells which are not synthesizing proteins during treatment with methionine analogues have a shorter lag in resuming growth subsequent to removal of the analogue. PMID- 7038398 TI - Long range control circuits within mitochondria and between nucleus and mitochondria. II. Genetic and biochemical analyses of suppressors which selectively alleviate the mitochondrial intron mutations. AB - In the preceding paper of this series (Dujardin et al. 1980 a) we described general methods of selecting and genetically characterizing suppressor mutations that restore the respiratory capacity of mit- mitochondrial mutations. Two dominant nuclear (NAM1-1 and NAM2-1) and one mitochondrial (mim2-1) suppressors are more extensively studied in this paper. We have analysed the action spectrum of these suppressors on 433 mit- mutations located in various mitochondrial genes and found that they preferentially alleviate the effects of mutations located within intron open reading frames of the cob-box gene. We conclude that these suppressors permit the maturation of cytochrome b mRNA by restoring the synthesis of intron encoded protein(s) catalytically involved in splicing i.e. mRNA maturase(s) (cf. Lazowska et al. 1980). NAM1-1 is allele specific and gene non specific; it suppresses mutations located within different introns. NAM2-1 and mim2-1 are intron-specific: they suppress mutations all located in the same (box7) intron of the cob-box gene. Analyses of cytochrome absorption spectra and mitochondrial translation products of cells in which the suppressors are associated with various other mit- mutations show that the suppressors restore cytochrome b and/or cytochrome oxidase (cox I) synthesis, as expected from their growth phenotype. This suppression is, however, only partial: some new polypeptides characteristic of the mit- mutations can be still detected in the presence of suppressor. Interestingly enough when box7 specific suppressors NAM2 1 and mim2-1 are associated with a complete cob-box deletion (leading to a total deficiency of cytochrome b and oxidase) partial restoration of cox I synthesis is observed while cytochrome b is still totally absent. These results show that in strains carrying NAM2-1 or mim2-1 the presence of cytochrome b gene is no longer required for the expression of the oxi3 gene pointing out to the possibility of a mutational switch-on of silent genes, whether mitochondrial, mim2-1, or nuclear, NAM2-1. This switch-on would permit the synthesis of an active maturase acting as a substitute for the box7 maturase in order to splice the cytochrome b and oxidase mRNAs. PMID- 7038399 TI - Escherichia coli merodiploids with altered ratios of episomal to chromosomal RNA polymerase activity. AB - Starting with an E. coli merodiploid strain (rpoB+ (rifS)/rpoB- (rifR)) containing equal amounts of rifampicin-sensitive and resistant RNA polymerase activities, mutants were isolated that had a disproportionately high ratio of the rifampicin-resistant enzyme activity. With one strain it is shown that the mutation responsible for this phenotype is closely linked to the rifR (rpoB-) allele. PMID- 7038400 TI - Complementation studies with the repair-deficient uvrD3, uvrE156, and recL152 mutations in Escherichia coli. AB - Previous work showed that the mutations uvrD3, uvrE156, and recL152 were closely linked and increased UV-sensitivity. They were phenotypically distinguishable in that only the uvrD3 mutation significantly decreases host cell reactivation of UV irradiated phage (Hcr-) and repair of methylmethane sulfonate (MMS)-induced damage, and only the uvrE156 mutation increased mutation rates (Mut-). MMS resistant revertants of a uvrD3 mutant were still UV-sensitive and fell into two phenotypic classes. Hcr- Mut+ (non-mutator) and Hcr+ Mut-. In this work complementation tests were done by examining UV- and MMS-sensitivity and host cell reactivation in heterogenotes containing combinations of uvrD3, uvrE156, recL152, and the MMS-resistant mutations derived from uvrD3. The mutations could not complement each other in the repair of UV-damage, the one trait all had in common, indicating that they were in one gene. For the most part, the different mutations were able to complement each other in respect to traits in which one was deficient and the other had wild type activity. PMID- 7038401 TI - [DNA degradation and survival of ozone-resistant and -sensitive mutants isolated in Escherichia coli B (author's transl)]. AB - Cell survival and DNA degradation were measured in mutants of Escherichia coli B either more sensitive or resistant to ozone than wild-type. Results indicate that the ozrA and ozrB gene products intervene differently in the resistance of E. coli to ozone and that lesions other than DNA strand breaks are induced by this agent. PMID- 7038402 TI - N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine sensitivity of E. coli mutants deficient in DNA methylation and mismatch repair. AB - E. coli mutants deficient in DNA methylation (dam) and mismatch repair (mut) have been characterized with respect to their sensitivity to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Dam bacteria are more sensitive than mutH, mutL, and mutS single mutant bacteria. Dam mutL and dam mutS double mutant bacteria are less sensitive than dam bacteria, whereas dam mutH double mutant bacteria are as sensitive as dam bacteria. This pattern of MNNG sensitivity may be a result of the specificity of the components of the E. coli mismatch repair system. PMID- 7038403 TI - The relationship of two invertible segments in bacteriophage Mu and Salmonella typhimurium DNA. AB - A Mu gin- mutant which lacks the function required for inversion of the G segment can be complemented by hybrid plasmids and phages carrying the invertible segment that controls flagellar phase variation in Salmonella typhimurium. This suggests that the same kind of site-specific recombination mechanism is responsible for these inversions. Based on the different features of the two invertible segments we propose a model for their evolutionary relationship. PMID- 7038404 TI - The larynx in Islamic medicine. PMID- 7038405 TI - Pain--a review. PMID- 7038406 TI - Analysis of the inhibitory effect of canavanine on the replication of influenza RI/5+ virus. II. Interaction of M protein with the plasma membrane. AB - When influenza A/RI/5+ virus-infected cells were incubated in medium to which 2 micrograms of canavanine (arginine analog) per ml had been added 4 hr after infection, all viral polypeptides were synthesized but the budding-like process with the appearance of extracellular virus was completely inhibited. The plasma membrane isolated from these cells contained exclusively hemagglutinin (HA), and membrane (M) protein and nucleoprotein (NP) appeared to be associated with the nucleus, in contrast to untreated cells whose plasma membrane contained abundant HA, M protein, and NP. Disruption of canavanine-treated cells by freeze-thawing generated a number of hemagglutinating membranous vesicles or fragments containing exclusively HA. By isotope labeling it was found that the M protein synthesized in the presence of canavanine, together with HA and NP, is a canavanine-substituted polypeptide. It is suggested that canavanine inhibits the formation of the mature envelope of influenza RI/5+, because of the inability of M protein to associate with the plasma membrane. PMID- 7038407 TI - A chemically defined Medium for the Stable L-forms of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7038408 TI - Cell, membrane, and diffusion-an essay in bio-theory. AB - The Cell Theory is criticised and an alternative version proposed. It is suggested that the notion of a sponge-like, spongioform, cell (7) might be preferable to the classical notion of a membrane-bound cell. This would allow consideration of the probability that cells behave like sponges and procure their material and metabolite requirements entrained in a convected flow of water past their internal membrane systems. I shall consider some deductive consequences of this alternative in a companion article (1). The Cell Theory, however, formulated on the basis of a membrane-bound cell, specifically excludes the possibility of convective flow in and out of cells. For that reason, the metaphysical and historical foundations of Cell Theory are re-examined, the cases for the physicochemical viewpoint as against the teleological viewpoint further discussed, and the relationship of them to the notions of 'cell', 'membrane', and 'diffusion' looked into all over again. It is concluded that there is more evidence, from light and electron microscopy, for a spongioform cell than for a balloon cell. PMID- 7038409 TI - Secretin, glucagon, insulin-antibodies, islet-cell exhaustion and diabetes mellitus : a hypothesis. AB - There are many studies that show that important and interesting differences exist in the patterns of diabetes mellitus, not only between countries but from group to group in the same country. Such big differences suggest the causes may be environmental, most of which are dietary and, therefore, preventable. In these dietary factors it is perhaps the pattern of eating, the presence or absence of cellulose, roughage and vegetable fibre, milk and fermented milk products such as yoghurt, which are of crucial importance. There is a quicker rise of blood glucose in the case of "non-masticatory-roughage-poor" dietary regimens as compared with "masticatory" milk, milk-products and roughage-rich regimens on account of faster gastric emptying in the former and slower gastric emptying in the latter. The hyperchlorhydria caused by fibre-poor non-masticatory meals produces an instantaneous secretin-release which results in hyperinsulinism. Such "sucrose-induced hyperinsulinism" leads to formation of insulin antibodies. Diabetes is caused by this excessive inactivation of insulin by antibodies, brought about by dietary factors, setting up the vicious cycle of hurried meals - hyperchlorhydria and secretin resulting in instantaneous insulin-release - neoglucogenesis more insulin-release - insulin antibodies and a further secretion of insulin - insulin antagonism - islet cell exhaustion - diabetes mellitus. There is evidence of an alternative mechanism in which diabetes appears to be caused by interference with insulin-release even though islets manufacture insulin normally. PMID- 7038410 TI - Vitamin C and cancer: examination of the Vale of Leven trial results using broad inductive reasoning. AB - Cameron and Pauling have reported large survival increases in terminal cancer patients treated with Vitamin C. Their trials, which have been criticised because not based on random, double-blind principles, are reviewed here using a broad inductive method that relies on diverse data of varying quality. Conclusions are offered both on the value of Vitamin C and on this broad method, as follows: There is a strong possibility that Vitamin C very approximately doubled survival time as measured from the start of Vitamin C treatment, regardless of whether this was after termination of conventional treatment or much earlier. A recent Mayo Clinic trial which concluded that Vitamin C is valueless in the terminal stage may be given an alternative interpretation which supports this view. Despite a speculative element because based only on the condensed, published data, these conclusions have sufficient possibility of validity as to call for full further investigation. The conclusions on method are that the broad, inductive approach may have potential value when the randomized method cannot be used; that it also may facilitate, to the public's benefit, the release of probably valuable, inexpensive, non-toxic treatments pending decisive proof; and a greater return on the research dollar might result from a formal acceptance of the probabilistic element in scientific proof. PMID- 7038411 TI - Insulin infusion pumps in the treatment of diabetes. AB - The long-term complications of diabetes mellitus remain a serious public health problem in the Western nations. Much current research focuses on methods of insulin treatment designed to provide near-normal glycemic control throughout the day with the intention of preventing or delaying the onset of the angiopathic consequences of preventing or delaying the onset of the angiopathic consequences of diabetes. Recent work has shown that open-loop insulin infusions (that is, insulin administered by an infusion pump without feedback control) can result in near-normal blood glucose levels in juvenile-onset or Type I diabetics. The extracorporeal infusion pumps used in such studies have their won physical and psychological drawbacks, however. More recent studies have attempted similar degrees of control using totally implantable insulin infusion pumps; several such studies are being carried out in patients with adult-onset or Type II diabetes, the predominant type of diabetes afflicting the elderly. PMID- 7038412 TI - Safety and clinical effectiveness of intracranial pressure monitors for purposes of Medicare coverage. AB - The National Center for Health Care Technology, authorized by Congress in 1978, has established a mechanism within the Public Health Service for responding to medical and scientific issues related to Medicare reimbursement. NCHCT relies primarily on the private sector for such evaluations. The process established by NCHCT includes participation by appropriate federal agencies, medical speciality societies, and health insurance and manufacturing associations. A typical NCHCT assessment recently completed is that of intracranial pressure monitors. The NCHCT assessment concludes that ICP monitors provide a means of measuring ICP, as well as aid the neurosurgeon in selecting an appropriate course of therapy for many intracranial diseases (e.g., infections, hemorrhage, trauma, tumor, and hydrocephalus). Invasive ICP monitoring devices are judges to be sufficiently developed for clinical use and will provide accurate measurements of ICP. PMID- 7038413 TI - Florey and Cairns-early work on penicillin. PMID- 7038414 TI - Complication of circumcision. PMID- 7038415 TI - Cyclosporin A: a new immune suppressive agent. PMID- 7038417 TI - Medical men in the early history of the Austin Hospital. Five doctors of widely varying ages and backgrounds were associated with the formative years of the Austin Hospital. PMID- 7038416 TI - The evolution of breast reconstruction. PMID- 7038418 TI - [Accident survey in a naval shipyard]. PMID- 7038419 TI - A backward glance; a forward view. PMID- 7038420 TI - Vindesine: a phase II study in childhood malignancies-a report for cancer and leukemia group B. AB - Vindesine, a semisynthetic derivative of vinblastine sulfate, was tested for antitumor activity and clinical toxicity in 36 children. The drug was administered to the initial 13 patients entered into the study a 2 mg/m2/day for five days by IV bolus. Because of severe neurotoxicity and life-threatening gastrointestinal toxicity, the regimen in 23 patients was modified to 4mg/m2 IV infusion over four hours, weekly. This latter regimen was well tolerated, with acceptable gastrointestinal, hematological, and neurotoxicity. One child with acute lymphocytic leukemia resistant to vincristine had a transient M1 remission bone marrow. Improvement or stable disease was noted in one patient each with Ewing's sarcoma, neuroblastoma, and Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7038421 TI - [Current concepts of arthropod resistance to insecticides, the mechanisms of its formation and the possibilities of delaying its development during prolonged insecticide use]. PMID- 7038422 TI - [Development of V. N. Beklemishev's ideas in the field of comparative parasitology]. PMID- 7038423 TI - [Basic trends in the works of V. N. Beklemishev in the field of medical entomology and their importance in the epidemiology and prevention of transmitted diseases]. PMID- 7038424 TI - [Cases of malaria importation into Black Sea ports by the crews of ships sailing abroad from 1970 to 1979]. PMID- 7038425 TI - [Effectiveness of various modifications of the immunoenzyme method with purified Alveococcus multilocularis antigens in the diagnosis of human alveolar hydatid disease. I. The test tube micromethod]. PMID- 7038426 TI - [The endocrine status of Cooley's disease]. PMID- 7038427 TI - [Rickets in the infantile population. Observations on 6 clinical cases]. PMID- 7038428 TI - [A new case of partial trisomy 8p]. PMID- 7038429 TI - [Urethroplasty with free cutaneous patch graft in traumatic lesions of the anterior urethra]. PMID- 7038430 TI - [Cystic pyelo-ureteritis. Case report and review]. PMID- 7038431 TI - The Wangensteen tradition: what it is and how can we perpetuate it? PMID- 7038432 TI - Adventures of two prairie pioneers. PMID- 7038433 TI - Immediate transpubic approach to avulsions of the prostatomembranous urethra. PMID- 7038434 TI - [Clinical assessment of the analgesic activity of diflunisal in oromaxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 7038435 TI - [Role of the dentist in the treatment of the patient undergoing cervicofacial radiotherapy. Radiation-induced caries]. PMID- 7038436 TI - Requiem for a frontier physician: James W. Parker, M.D., doctor to the wagon trains and mountaineers of old Westport. PMID- 7038437 TI - Reduced activity of levamisole against Ostertagia ostertagi in dairy calves. AB - Levamisole bolus formulation was administered in single doses, at rates of 5.8 to 8.1 mg/kg body weight, in 3 controlled tests in male dairy calves (n = 22) in Kentucky. Removals of natural infections of adult Ostertagia ostertagi were 70% and 76% for calves from a hear with a history of regular treatments with levamisole and 85% for calves from a herd receiving levamisole occasionally. Activity against other abomasal nematodes and lungworms was also evaluated. PMID- 7038439 TI - [Membrane-bound precursor of E. coli periplasmic alkaline phosphatase: isolation and some properties]. AB - Solubilization of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase with 0.2% tritone X-100 and its purification to the homogenous state were performed. It was shown that the membrane-bound enzyme differed from the soluble enzyme by the N-terminal sequence, was more hydrophobic and was presented by one form of enzyme as compared to the three forms of the soluble one. By its substrate specificity this enzymes approximates the first form of the periplasmic enzyme, and does not differ from it by pH optimum, thermostability and the rate of inhibition by orthophosphate. PMID- 7038441 TI - [Influence of ionic strength and temperature on the structure of poly(G) in solution 1H replaced by 3H exchange method]. PMID- 7038438 TI - Apolipoprotein E. PMID- 7038442 TI - [Bacteriophage P22 DNA structure in situ]. AB - The structure of phage P22 DNA in situ was investigated by optical methods and by chemical modification with sodium bisulfite. On disruption of the phage particles by heating at 45 degrees a drop in absorbance at the 250 nm to 290 nm region was observed. At 260 nm this hypochromism was about 12%. CD spectra of intraphage DNA differed from that of free P22 DNA in the intensity as well as in the position of the positive band (lambda max 280 nm, delta epsilon max=1.3). In the intraphage DNA 21 per cent of cytosines reacted with sodium bisulfite. Cytosyl-amino acid products were found in the HClO4 and HCl hydrolysates of the modified phage. The main amino acid component of the product was identified as lysine. It was shown by means of gradient centrifugation and electron microscopy that the cytosyl amino acid products result in the crosslinking of DNA to protein in the phage particles. PMID- 7038440 TI - [Induction of saccharomyces cerevisiae extrachromosomal-DNA]. AB - In Saccharomyces yeast the significant portion of rRNA genes may be located as extrachromosomal copies. Extrachromosomal rDNA is represented by covalently closed circular molecules with a major class contour length of 3.3 micrometer (the same as the length of one rDNA repeating unit). Covalently-closed circular rDNA can only be isolated from the stationary phase yeast culture (more than 60 hours of growth). Electron microscopy revealed several discrete length classes of circular molecules. Three of them are 3.3, 6.6 and 9.9 micrometers. Circular molecules were found with contour length less than 3.3 micrometers (1.1, 2.0 and 2.6 micrometers). The proportion of these molecules is 8% from the total number. PMID- 7038443 TI - [Alkylation of tRNA-Phe free and bound to phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase with 4-(N 2-chloroethyl-N-methylamino)benzylamine]. AB - Reactivities toward the alkylating reagent 4-(N-2-chloroethyl-N methylamino)benzylamine of guanosine residues in the tRNAPhe free and bound to the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase were determined. This highly efficient reagent modifies mainly guanosine in single-stranded as well as in helical regions of tRNAs. The reaction is sensitive to the elements of the macrostructure of tRNAs. It is found the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase protects the D-stem of the tRNAPhe (guanosines G10, G22, G24) from alkylation. PMID- 7038444 TI - [Processing of tRNA]. AB - The article reviews various aspects of tRNA biosynthesis in pro- and eukaryotes. Some data on the tRNA gene localization are presented. Structures of tRNA precursors are given; their conversion into mature tRNA molecules and the corresponding enzymatic systems are discussed in detail. Special emphasis is given to the transcription of tRNA genes and processing of tRNA precursors in vitro. Similarities and diversities of tRNA processing in pro- and eukaryotes are discussed. PMID- 7038445 TI - [Role of the carboxylic groups in interaction of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase with substrates]. AB - The effect of modification of carboxylic groups of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase by p-toluene sulfonate N-cyclohexyl-N'-beta-(4-methylmorpholine) ethylcarbodiimide (CMEC) on the activity of the enzyme was investigated. It was shown that modification of two moles of carboxylic groups per mole of the enzymes leads to the diminution of negative charge of the enzyme and to inactivation in ATP-[32P]PPi-exchange and aminoacylation reactions. The inactivation is completely reversed by mild alkaline hydrolysis. ATP in concentration 2 X 10(-4) M partially protects the enzyme against inactivation, protective effect being stimulated by Mg2+ and 0.4-0.7 moles of carboxylic groups per mole of the enzyme are protected against inactivation is observed although the depth of modification is increased. Other substrates do not have protective effect. Modification of the enzyme by CMEC increases Kdiss value of [14C]-Phe-tRNA enzyme complex and Km value for tRNAPhe in aminoacylation by factor of three. Vmax for all substrates in both aminoacylation and leads to 40% increase of Hill's coefficient for ATP in ATP-[32P]PPi-exchange reaction but not in aminoacylation. The carboxylic groups modified by CMEC are assumed to take part in ATP recognition and in catalysis of the ATP conversion and in catalysis of transfer of activated amino acid residues on tRNA. PMID- 7038446 TI - Proteolysis of C2 and factor B: analyses of cleavage products by one- and two- dimensional peptide mapping. PMID- 7038447 TI - [Reliability of capillary blood cultures for detection of neonatal bacteriaemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038448 TI - [Rapid diagnosis of bullous skin diseases]. PMID- 7038449 TI - Future directions in reimbursements for medical services for the elderly residing in the community. Who pays? PMID- 7038450 TI - Mutation induction by monochromatic 254-nm and 365-nm radiation in strains of Escherichia coli that differ in repair capability. AB - Mutation to tryptophan independence after exposure to radiation at the monochromatic wavelengths of 254 and 365 nm was studied and compared in 7 strains of Escherichia coli B/r that differ in repair capability. Efficient mutation induction was obtained with both 254-nm and 365-nm radiation with strains WP2 (wild-type), WP2s (uvrA), WP6s (polA), and WP6 (polA uvrA). Mutants were not induced at either wavelength in the lexA strain WP5 or the recA strains WP10 and WP100. These results support the induction of mutants with 365-nm radiation through the error-prone (SOS) pathway of postreplication repair. Log-log plots of tryptophan revertant data at 254 nm showed the expected slopes of approximately 2.0 over the entire fluence range tested. In contrast, similar plots of revertant data at 365 nm were complex in all cases tested: at low fluence values (survival greater than 0.5) in all cases where reversion occurred the slopes were approximately 1.0, while at higher fluences (survival less than 0.5) the slopes of the log-log plots were approximately 3.0 with strains WP2s and WP6s, approximately 4.0 with strain WP6, and approximately 6.0 with strain WP2. Differential sensitivity of components of excision and postreplication repair systems to 365-nm radiation may account for the 2-part mutation curves obtained with uvr+ rec+ lex+ strains. It is proposed that efficient error-free repair of mutational lesions occurs at 365-nm fluences below 2-4 x 10(5) J m-2; at greater 365-nm fluences, error-free excision repair may be selectively inhibited, forcing a greater fraction of mutational lesions to be processed by the error-prone component of the postreplication repair system. The similarity of the mutational responses of WP2s and WP6 at 365 nm supports the selective inhibition of error free excision repair. PMID- 7038451 TI - Ultraviolet-induced frameshift mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium: absence of an effect of mutation frequency decline. AB - Enhanced yields of UV-induced back mutants to prototrophy are observed when irradiated cells of the Salmonella typhimurium frameshift strain LT2 hisC3076 (R46) are plated on defined medium containing broth (2.5%, v/v) rather than a trace (0.2 micrograms/ml) of the required nutrient (histidine). This broth effect is not abolished, and is in fact augmented, in an excision-deficient derivative of hisC3076 (R46) carrying the uvr-302 mutation. Since similar broth effects on UV-induced base-pair substitution mutagenesis have usually been attributed to inhibition of mutation frequency decline (MFD), and since MFD is in turn thought to reflect the activity of an intact excision-repair system, we sought to determine whether or not UV-induced pre-mutational lesions leading to the production of frameshifts are susceptible to MFD. Results with the double auxotrophic strain LT2 hisC3076 leuA150 (pKM101) showed that in a population of cells actually undergoing MFD (as judged by a rapid loss of UV-induced reversions of the base-pair substitution marker leuA150), no concomitant loss of UV-induced reversions of the frameshift hisC3076 marker could be detected. PMID- 7038452 TI - Effect of the uvrD3 mutation on ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA-repair replication in Escherichia coli K12. AB - Ultraviolet-radiation-induced DNA-repair replication was measured in wild-type, polA1, uvrD3, and polA1 uvrD3 strains of Escherichia coli K12. A large stimulation of repair replication was observed in the uvrD3 strain, compared to the wild-type and polA1 strains. This enhanced repair replication was reduced in the polA1 uvrD3 strain. Therefore, uvrD3 mutation appears to affect the amount of repair replication performed by DNA polymerase I. In the polA1 strain, there also appears to be an effect of the uvrD3 mutation on the amount of repair replication performed by DNA polymerase III (and/or II). The enhanced repair replication observed for the uvrD3 strains appears to be in response to the enhanced DNA degradation observed for these strains. PMID- 7038453 TI - Lack of comutagenicity by norharman and other compounds on revertants induced by photolabeling with 2-azido-9-fluorenone oxime. AB - Mutations were induced by photolabeling 2-azido-9-fluorenone oxime in Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA1538. Since the critical adducts were formed directly by the photogenerated nitrene, metabolic activation was bypassed. The bacteria themselves possessed the deep rough cell wall and uvrB- mutations, thereby minimizing comutagenic effects resulting from transport or DNA repair. This technique thus permitted detection of comutagenicity resulting from alteration in the binding of the mutagen to its critical receptor. No compound tested increased mutagenicity. Cholic acid had no effect at low dose, but inhibited mutagenicity at 10(-4) M, while trans-retinol no effect at any concentration. Harman, norharman and ethidium reduced the number of mutants only slightly at concentrations from 10(-6) to 10(-5) M. PMID- 7038454 TI - cis-Platinum(II)diamminodichloride-induced mutagenesis in E. coli K12: crowding depression of mutagenesis. AB - Cis-Platinum(II)diamminodichloride (cis-PDD)-induced mutations to prototrophy were studied in Escherichia coli. Mutagenesis was not detected in a recA nor in a lexA mutant, but was greater in a uvrA strain than in a repair-proficient strain, at a given treatment of cis-PDD. Increasing the plating density above 10(5) cells per plate did not give an equivalent increase in revertants per plate [crowding depression of mutagenesis (Bockrath et al., 1980)]. Growth rates were similar at different plating densities and crowding depression of mutagenesis was observed in both excision-proficient and excision-deficient strains. A filtrate of a plate wash from crowded plates, of either treated or untreated cultures, further reduced the mutation frequencies over that due to crowding depression of mutagenesis. PMID- 7038455 TI - The effects of nitrous acid on the mutagenicity of two coal liquids and their genetically active chemical fractions. AB - The Ames/Salmonella assay was used to determine the effect of nitrous acid on the mutagenicity of solvent refined coal (SRC) distillates and distillate fractions. The SRC materials consisted of the higher-molecular-weight, high-boiling distillates, the process solvent (PS) and heavy distillate (HD), and also included the basic tar and neutral tar chemical fractions derived from these 2 distillates. Nitrosation products of each of the SRC materials were less mutagenic than the distillates of distillate fractions from which they were derived (untreated materials); in most cases they were less than 10% as mutagenic as that observed in the starting materials. The mutagenicity of the SRC materials after nitrous acid treatment was direct-acting, whereas all mutagenicity associated with the untreated SRC materials was indirect and required metabolic activation for expression in the Ames assay system. PMID- 7038456 TI - Mutagenic characterization of synthetic fuel materials by the Ames/Salmonella assay system. AB - Solvent refined coal (SRC) distillates produced by 2 different pilot plant processes were compared for mutagenicity using the Ames/salmonella assay. The high-molecular-weight, high-boiling SRC distillates were fractionated into their various constituent chemical classes for Ames analysis. In each case, the major portion of the mutagenic activity contained in the crude materials was recovered in the basic and in the tar fractions. Little or no activity was found in the neutral. aliphatic, or neutral polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-enriched fractions. The most active of the SRC subfractions were comparable in mutagenicity to benzo[a]pyrene, but substantially less active than 2-aminoanthracene. PMID- 7038457 TI - Mutagenicity of aminocarbazoles and nitrocarbazoles. AB - The mutagenic activity of all 4 isomeric aminocarbazoles and 4 nitrocarbazoles was evaluated in Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98. TA100 and TA1535. All compounds were assayed both in the presence and absence of liver homogenate from Aroclor-treated rats. Among the aminocarbazoles, 2-aminocarbazole was found to be most active in both tester strains, although somewhat less active than 2 aminofluorene. 3-Aminocarbazole was the only other isomer that was mutagenic towards TA98 at the dose levels employed (5--200 micrograms). 4-Aminocarbazole was moderately active in TA100, and 1-aminocarbazole was inactive in both TA98 and TA100. Similar differences in mutagenic potency and specificity towards the tester strains were observed for the related series of nitrocarbazoles. PMID- 7038458 TI - Effects of ortho-methyl substituents on the mutagenicity of aminobiphenyls and aminonaphthalenes. AB - A series of aminobiphenyls and aminonaphthalenes were assayed for mutagenicity toward S. typhimurium, in the presence of rat liver 9000 g supernatant, to investigate the effects of positional isomerism and ortho-methyl substitution. Among the 3 possible aminobiphenyl isomers, only 4-aminobiphenyl was a potent mutagen, showing activity in S. typhimurium TA1538 and TA100, but not TA1535. 4 Amino-3-methylbiphenyl was a more potent mutagen in S. typhimurium TA1538 than was 4-aminobiphenyl, whereas both 3-amino-4-methylbiphenyl and 3-aminobiphenyl were inactive in this strain. 3-Amino-4-methylbiphenyl was mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA100, in contrast to 3-aminobiphenyl. These results demonstrate the enhancing effect of an ortho-methyl group on mutagenicity in the aminobiphenyls, which contrasts to the inhibitory effect of methyl substitution frequently observed in the 4-nitrobiphenyl system. Among the 2-aminonaphthalenes, 2-amino-3 methylnaphthalene was the most mutagenic compound in S. typhimurium TA1538, followed by 2-amino-1-methylnaphthalene and 2-aminonaphthalene. In S. typhimurium TA1535, however, 2-aminonaphthalene was a more potent mutagen than either of the ortho-methyl substituted derivatives. No significant mutagenic activity was observed for either 1-aminonaphthalene or 1-amino-2-methylnaphthalene in S. typhimurium TA1538 and TA1535. However, 1-aminoanaphthalene was weakly mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA 100. PMID- 7038459 TI - Studies to evaluate artificial sweeteners, especially Remsen--Fahlberg saccharin, and their possible impurities, for potential mutagenicity by the Salmonella/mammalian liver microsome test. AB - Cyclamate, cyclohexylamine, saccharin, boiled saccharin, 3 organic extracts of this sweetener and 9 possible impurities, including OTS and PTS, were evaluated for potential mutagenic activity by the Salmonella/mammalian liver microsome test on Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA100, TA1537 and TA98 (extracts only on TA98) with doses up to at least 2500 micrograms per plate with and without metabolic activation. No mutagenic activity was established either for cyclamate, cyclohexylamine or saccharin, or for some of the possible impurities of saccharin synthesized by the Remsen--Fahlberg or Maumee process. Only 1 organic extract gave inconclusive results in 3 consecutive experiments. No mutagenic activity was noted for saccharin refluxed for 2 h in solution. PMID- 7038460 TI - The mutagenicity of dinitrotoluenes in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The mutagenicity of technical grade 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), a mixture composed predominantly of 2,4-DNT (76.5%) and 2,6-DNT (18.8%) but containing 3,4-, 2,3-, 2,5- and 3,5-DNT, and the 6 isomers of DNT has been determined in 3 assays with Salmonella typhimurium. The mixture and the individual isomers of DNT were found to be mutagenic in the Ames' Salmonella/microsome test, particularly in strains responding to frame-shift mutagens; 3,5-DNT was found to be the most effective isomer in inducing reversion to histidine prototrophy in S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA1538. Similar results were obtained with a quantitative reversion assay using strain TA98; 3,5-DNT was the most mutagenic of the compounds examined, particularly in the absence of post-mitochondrial supernants of rat liver homogenates. While all isomers and the mixture of DNTs increased the 8 azaguanine-resistant fraction of S. typhimurium TM677 to some degree, the greater mutagenicity of 3,5-DNT compared to other isomers was not evident in the forward mutational assay. PMID- 7038461 TI - Synergistic effects of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the mutagenicity of their mixtures. AB - We have studied the synergistic action (enhancement and inhibition) of individual aromatic hydrocarbons containing from 1 to 7 rings, on the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Several non-mutagenic hydrocarbons (2 and 3 unsubstituted rings) enhanced the mutagenicity of B[a]P. On the other hand, most mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) produced a large decrease and sometimes a complete abolition of the mutagenicity of B[a]P. In addition, these higher PAH also exhibited an activating effect of B[a]P mutagenicity, at low doses. The higher the number of cycles of the PAH, the lower the amount of PAH necessary to enhance and (or) to inhibit the mutagenicity of B[a]P. Metabolic activation of B[a]P was evidently involved in synergistic phenomena because no effect was observed on B[a]P-4,5-oxide, a direct-acting metabolite of B[a]P. PMID- 7038463 TI - Mutagenicity of styrene in the Salmonella typhimurium test system. AB - The mutagenic activity of styrene was investigated by incubating the strains of Salmonella typhimurium in gaseous atmospheres. The sensitive strains were TA1530, TA1535 and TA100. In that method, styrene regularly showed a mutagenic activity in the presence of a fortified liver post-mitochondrial fraction. The mutagenic activity remained weak. Moreover, it seemed that a volatile mutagenic intermediate was formed metabolically during the assays; its identity remains unknown. PMID- 7038462 TI - Induction of petite formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by experimental antitumour agents. Structure--activity relationships for 9-anilinoacridines. AB - A series of 9-anilinoacridine derivatives has been compared in terms of DNA binding, ability to inhibit the growth of L1210 murine leukaemia cells in vitro, and ability to induce the formation of respiration-deficient (petite) mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The acridine ring in the derivatives was either unsubstituted, or substituted with amino groups at the 3 and/or 6 positions. The 9-anilino group was para-substituted with a variety of substituents. 3 Aminoacridine, 3,6-diaminoacridine (proflavine) and ethidium were included for comparison. The results show that: (i) at least one acridinyl amino group is necessary for conferring petite inducing activity in the yeast system; (ii) for 3 amino-9-anilinoacridine congeners, small anilino substituents provide compounds which resemble proflavine in their ability to produce petite mutants, whereas large substituents abolish activity; (iii) the 3,6-diamino-substituted anilinoacridines resemble ethidium rather than proflavine in being highly efficient inducers of petites; (iv) the requirements for optimal activity in L1210 leukaemia cell cultures are different to those for petite formation in yeast. It is concluded that the size of the anilino substituent, as well as its contribution to DNA binding, is critical in conferring biological activity in each system. PMID- 7038464 TI - Mutagenicity of the antiparasitic drug Vermox for Salmonella typhimurium His- tester strains. PMID- 7038465 TI - Quantitative correlations amongst alkaline DNA fragmentation, DNA covalent binding, mutagenicity in the Ames test and carcinogenicity, for 21 compounds. AB - 21 compounds from different chemical classes were quantitatively compared for their carcinogenic potency according to 4 parameters: (1) potency in inducing covalent binding with DNA in vivo; (2) potency in inducing alkaline DNA fragmentation after treatment in vivo; (3) acute toxicity; (4) mutagenic potency in the Ames test. Establishing well-defined conditions for normalization of the different types of data and determination of the set that had to be submitted to statistical analysis appeared to be a difficult task, for which only compromise solutions were possible. A statistical analysis of the data suggested that all parameters considered were correlated with carcinogenic potency. However, we found that there are about 3 chances to 1 that carcinogenicity is better correlated with DNA covalent binding in vivo than it is to mutagenicity in the Ames test. With due precautions, even acute toxicity could be of predictive value. DNA adducts and DNA fragmentation, both in vivo, appeared to be 2 parameters strongly correlated between them. From a multivariate statistical analysis it appeared that: (1) a significant improvement of quantitative predictability is in principle obtainable with a battery of short-term test; and (2) the improvement is obtainable only if the short-term tests considered, while all correlated with carcinogenicity, are relatively independent amongst themselves. PMID- 7038466 TI - Mitotic aneuploidy induced by sodium deoxycholate in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Sodium deoxycholate is shown to induce aneuploidy in a heterozygous diploid strain of Aspergillus nidulans. It is suggested that this is the result of interference with the normal functioning of the mitotic apparatus through disruption of the nuclear membrane. This effect limits the value of sodium deoxycholate as a paramorphogenic agent in the estimation of the genotoxic effects of environmental and genetic factors. PMID- 7038467 TI - On the effects of pH on mutagenesis induced by N-nitroso compounds. PMID- 7038468 TI - Mutator mutations in Escherichia coli induced by the insertion of phage mu and the transposable resistance elements Tn5 and Tn10. AB - Mutator mutations in the mutS gene induced by the insertion of phage Mu or the transposable resistance elements Tn5 or Tn10 and those in the mutL gene induced by Tn5 or Tn10 gave mutagenic activities similar to that of the previously described mutS3 and mutL25 mutations. Various combinations of mutS::Tn5, muL::Tn5, uvrE156, and the deletion mutation delta mutH2 did not produce an additive effect. This supports the idea that the products of these genes function in the same pathway of error correction during DNA synthesis. PMID- 7038470 TI - Comparison of mutagenicity and chemical properties of N-methyl-N'alkyl-N nitrosoureas. AB - The mutagenic activities of 11 N-methyl-N'-alkyl-N-nitrosoureas were tested on Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 and compared with chemical properties (alkylating activity and decomposition rate). In their relative mutagenicities the N nitrosoureas that had a cyclic N'-alkyl groups showed far more mutagenic activity than those having a chain N;-alkyl group. M(1-A) NU and M(2-A)NU, which had the most bulky N'-alkyl group in this series, exhibited lethal effects at high concentrations. The mutagenicity showed a small positive correlation with decomposition rates but not with alkylating activities on 4-(p nitrobenzyl)pyridine. The highest mutagenicity in this series was observed in N methyl-N'cyclobutyl-N-nitrosourea. These results suggest that, in this series of N-methyl-N'-alkyl-N-nitrosoureas, structural differences in the N'-alkyl groups had great significance in mutagenicity. PMID- 7038471 TI - The oxygen effect in haploid and diploid yeast strains of different sensitivities. AB - The extent of the oxygen effect for cell survival was studied in diploid and haploid wild-type yeast and in mutants belonging to the rad2, rad6 and rad50 epistatic group. In haploids, reduced oxygen enhancement ratios were found in rad52, rad6 and rad18. The latter two also showed some influence of the mating type. In diploids the oxygen effect was decreased in rad2, rad52 and rad18. PMID- 7038469 TI - Studies on metabolism and toxicity of styrene. IV. 1-Vinylbenzene 3, 4-oxide, a potent mutagen formed as a possible intermediate in the metabolism in vivo of styrene to 4-vinylphenol. AB - 1-Vinylbenzene 3,4-oxide, a putative intermediate in the metabolism of styrene to 4-vinylphenol, was synthesized and examined for its obligatory intermediacy to the phenol, its physical properties, and its mutagenicity toward Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The 3,4-oxide had a half-life of 4.3 sec at pH 7.4 in an aqueous solution, and yielded 4-vinylphenol quantitatively without concomitant formation of any trace amount of 3-vinylphenol. The 3,4-oxide had a potent mutagenicity toward the TA100 bacteria but not toward the TA98 strain, whereas it showed a potent cytotoxicity to both of them His+ revertant colonies induced by the 3,4-oxide were 7233/plate at a total dose of 1.0 micromole/plate when it was applied in a sequential manner to the bacterial suspension during the pre incubation of the testing system. Under the same conditions, benzo[a]pyrene 4,5 oxide and phenyloxirane showed 1283 and 1657 of His+ revertant colonies/plate at 19 nmoles and 10 micromoles/plate, respectively, as the maximal activities. The isomeric arene oxide, 1-vinylbenzene 1,2-oxide, had a longer half-life (1.63 min) than the 3,4-oxide at pH 7.4 in aqueous solution and was specifically rearranged to 2-vinylphenol. The 1,2-oxide also showed more potent mutagenicity to the TA100 strain bacteria than phenyloxirane but weaker than the 3, 4-oxide. 4- and 2 vinylphenols were neither mutagenic nor cytotoxic to the bacteria at concentrations ranging up to 4 micromoles/plate. PMID- 7038472 TI - Aspergillus nidulans: systems and results of tests for chemical induction of mitotic segregation and mutation. I. Diploid and duplication assay systems. A report of the U.S. EPA Gene-Tox Program. PMID- 7038473 TI - Aspergillus nidulans: systems and results of tests for induction of mitotic segregation and mutation. II. Haploid assay systems and overall response of all systems. A report of the U.S. EPA Gene-Tox Program. PMID- 7038474 TI - International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC working paper TG1/2/79. Mutagenicity and teratogenicity of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM): epidemiological evidence. PMID- 7038475 TI - [Janus green sensitivity as a criterion for differentiation of Candida parapsilosis, Torulopsis glabrata and Torulopsis candida (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038476 TI - Adsorption of Candida albicans from blood of infected rats by coated charcoal. A model for the diagnosis of septicaemia. PMID- 7038477 TI - Growth of human malaria parasites in biotinylated erythrocytes. AB - The adaptation of the biotin-avidin system for the analysis of membrane pathobiology in Plasmodium falciparum malaria is described. Biotin was linked covalently via the succinimide ester derivative (biotinyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, BNHS) to intact human erythrocytes, prior to inoculation and in vitro cultivation of falciparum parasites. Growth experiments indicated that incubation concentrations of less than 1.0 mg BNHS/1.0 ml erythrocyte packed cell volume could yield biotinylated erythrocytes capable of sustaining parasite growth at levels comparable to control cultures. Using a synthesized [14C]BNHS compound at optimal incubation concentration, it was determined that 1.32 X 10(-4) mmol [14C]BNHS were bound per 1.0 mg of erythrocyte stromal protein. In addition, analysis of [14C]biotinylated red blood cell ghost preparations by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that band 3 (a heterogeneous glycoprotein) was the principal site of membrane labeling. Approximately 77% of total membrane associated [14C]BNHS was localized to this polypeptide. The unique properties of the specific, ligand-protein interaction of the biotin-avidin complex suggest that the biotinylation procedure described in this report will provide a useful analytical tool in host cell-plasmodial parasite, membrane studies. PMID- 7038478 TI - Partial purification and characterization of lactate dehydrogenase from Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from Plasmodium falciparum was partially purified by two different procedures. In the first procedure, parasitized erythrocytes (80% parasitemia) were lysed, and the soluble fraction was purified on DEAE-Sephadex to separate the parasite LDH(LDH-P) from the LDH isoenzymes present in the human erythrocytes. LDH-P was then purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a TSK-G-3000 SW protein column. This two-step procedure gave LDH-P with specific activity 85 micromol/min/mg protein; this represented a 700-fold increase in specific activity relative to the starting lysate. Alternatively, parasites of P. falciparum were isolated by mechanical rupture of infected erythrocytes followed by differential centrifugation. The 100,000 X g supernatant obtained after lysis of these parasites showed LDH-P specific activity 3.6 micromol/min/mg protein. This activity was free of contaminating erythrocyte LDH as determined by electrophoresis and specific staining for LDH. Further purification of LDH-P by HPLC, as before, gave material with specific activity 98 micromol/min/mg protein. Recoveries of activity on HPLC were more than 90%, demonstrating the usefulness of this procedure for the partial purification of small quantities of parasite protein. The kinetic properties of LDH-P were compared with those of two of the human isozymes, LDH-H4 and LDH-M4 . LDH-P resembles LDH-H4 in its kinetic properties: KM (NADH) is 7, 8.3 and 1.3 microM for LDH-P, LDH-H4 and LDH-M4, respectively; KM (pyruvate) is 30, 60 and 180 microM for LDH-P, LDH-H4 and LDH-M4. LDH-P differs significantly from LDH-H4 and LDH-M4 in that LDH-P is not sensitive to inhibition by high pyruvate nor sensitive to inhibition by the complex between NAD+ and pyruvate. LDH-P is inactivated within seconds by sodium deoxycholate at concentrations that do not affect LDH-H4 and slowly inactivate LDH-M4. PMID- 7038479 TI - Genome organization and ploidy number in Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Trypanosoma cruzi total DNA was analyzed by DNA:DNA reassociation kinetics. The nonlinear least-squares computer solution could reasonably be fitted to three second-order kinetic components. The highly repetitive, middle repetitive, and single copy components comprised 9, 35 and 49% of the genome, respectively. The single copy sequences showed a kinetic complexity of approximately 4 times that of Escherichia coli and of some 11,000 average-sized structural genes. The repetitive sequences (about 6900) presented the long-period pattern of interspersion with a modal length of 7800 bases. The kinetic complexity of total DNA was compatible with a value of at least a diploid genome per cell. PMID- 7038480 TI - Isolation and characterisation of ribosomal RNA from the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Ribosomal RNA isolated from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum consists of two species with molecular weight of 1.49 +/- 0.09 X 10(6) and 0.78 +/- 0.02 X 10(6) present in equimolar quantities. Their molecular weights are comparable with those of other protozoa but quite distinct from those of the human host. The overall base composition of the rRNA (40% G+C) is close to that of the rodent parasite Plasmodium berghei, unlike the latter, however, P. falciparum has no nick in the RNA from its large ribosomal subunit. PMID- 7038482 TI - Surface proteins of schizont-infected erythrocytes and merozoites of Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Schizont-infected erythrocytes and merozoites were isolated from in vitro cultures of the human parasite, Plasmodium falciparum labeled with various radioactive substrates. The isolated merozoites were viable since they were able to reinvade fresh erythrocytes. On the basis of sensitivity to specific enzymes, eleven proteins synthesised by the parasite, were localised on the surface of the schizont-infected erythrocyte. Eight of these were glycoproteins, six of which appeared to represent three doublets. Five merozoite surface proteins were identified on the basis of their sensitivity to trypsin and chymotrypsin, treatments which also rendered the merozoite incapable of erythrocyte invasion. Merozoites appeared not to contain any glycoproteins; all of the glycoproteins synthesised by the parasite were apparently transported to the surface of the schizont-infected erythrocyte. PMID- 7038481 TI - Identification of a schizont- and species-specific surface glycoprotein on erythrocytes infected with rodent malarias. AB - Erythrocytes infected with mature trophozoites of Plasmodium chabaudi and reticulocytes infected with P. berghei were labelled metabolically in vitro with [35S]methionine. The labelled cells were incubated with normal and immune serum and washed to remove unbound antibody. Solubilisation of the antibody-coated cells in detergent was followed by co-precipitation of antibody/antigen complexes and analysis of the immunoprecipitates by SDS-PAGE and fluorography. One major parasite polypeptide of 250 000 daltons was found to be exposed to antibody in both species. A labelled band of the same molecular weight could be identified by immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE analysis of P. chabaudi-infected cells that had been surface-labelled with periodate/NaB3H4. This molecule also incorporated [3H]glucosamine in short term cultures of mature parasitised erythrocytes. The results suggest that a 250 000 dalton glycoprotein which is synthesised only by late trophozoites or schizonts is exposed either on the surface of the infected erythrocyte, the surface of the merozoite, or both. Furthermore, the exposed portion of the molecule was not immunologically cross-reactive in the two Plasmodium species, but some cross reaction was detectable in total parasite lysates. The significance of these findings to protective immunity is discussed. PMID- 7038483 TI - Heart failure in outpatients: a randomized trial of digoxin versus placebo. AB - The view that digitalis clinically benefits patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm lacks support from a well-controlled study. Using a randomized, double blind, crossover protocol, we compared the effects of oral digoxin and placebo on the clinical courses of 25 outpatients without atrial fibrillation. According to a clinicoradiographic scoring system, the severity of heart failure was reduced by digoxin in 14 patients; in nine of these 14, improvement was confirmed by repeated trials (five patients) or right-heart catheterization (four patients). The other 11 patients had no detectable improvement from digoxin. Patients who responded to digoxin had more chronic and more severe heart failure, greater left ventricular dilation and ejection-fraction depression, and a third heart sound. Multivariate analysis showed that the third heart sound was the strongest correlate of the response to digoxin (P less than 0.0001). These data suggest that long-term digoxin therapy is clinically beneficial in patients with heart failure unaccompanied by atrial fibrillation whose failure persists despite diuretic treatment and who have a third heart sound. PMID- 7038484 TI - Changes in the use of medical technologies, 1972-1977: a study of 10 inpatient diagnoses. AB - To assess the degree to which use of hospital tests and procedures changed over a five-year period, we studied 1203 patients who were hospitalized at the University of California. San Francisco, in either 1972 or 1977 with one of 10 diagnoses: acute asthma, acute myocardial infarction, lung cancer, respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, cataract excision, cesarean section or vaginal delivery, kidney transplantation, stapedectomy, or total hip replacement. After careful adjustment for case severity, the total number of tests and procedures per hospital stay was found to be relatively unchanged over the five-year period for most but not all the diagnoses. However, the use of certain new diagnostic procedures (such as determination of arterial blood gases, ultrasonography, fetal monitoring, and radioisotope scanning) did increase significantly. Although generalization from these limited observations must be cautious, the data suggest that a "technology imperative" may apply more to the introduction of new technologies than to the expanding use of older, established tests and procedures. Effective cost-containment strategies must recognize the complexities of technology use among different diagnoses. PMID- 7038485 TI - Aplastic anemia (second of two parts): pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. PMID- 7038487 TI - More on bromocriptine in acromegaly. PMID- 7038486 TI - Vitamin-D synthesis and metabolism after ultraviolet irradiation of normal and vitamin-D-deficient subjects. PMID- 7038488 TI - Recent developments in "nonspecific" inflammatory bowel disease (first of two parts). PMID- 7038489 TI - Increased circulating Ia-antigen-bearing T cells in type I diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7038490 TI - Recent developments in nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease (second of two parts). PMID- 7038491 TI - Nifedipine in unstable angina: a double-blind, randomized trial. AB - We assessed the efficacy of adding nifedipine to the conventional treatment of unstable angina in 138 patients in a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. There was no difference between the two groups in the dose of conventional antianginal medication or in age, prior myocardial infarction, ejection fraction, or other risk factors. Failure of medical treatment (defined as sudden death, myocardial infarction, or bypass surgery within four months) occurred in 43 of 70 patients given placebo and in 30 of 68 given nifedipine. Kaplan-Meier survival-curve analysis of the number and time dependence of treatment failures demonstrated a benefit of nifedipine over placebo (P = 0.03). The benefit was particularly marked in patients with ST segment elevation during angina (P = 0.02). Side effects (transient hypotension or diarrhea) required withdrawal of the drug from four patients given nifedipine and from one given placebo. We conclude that the addition of nifedipine to conventional therapy is safe and effective in unstable angina. PMID- 7038492 TI - Hypoglycemia during prolonged exercise in normal men. AB - Hypoglycemia (blood glucose less than 45 mg per deciliter [less than 2.5 mmol per liter]) occurred in seven of 19 healthy men who exercised to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer at 60 to 65 per cent of maximal aerobic power. The hypoglycemic subjects exercised for 15 to 70 minutes despite blood glucose levels of 25 to 48 mg per deciliter (1.4 to 2.7 mmol per liter), and their exhaustion time (mean +/- S.E.M., 142 +/- 15 minutes) was not significantly different from that of the euglycemic group (165 +/- 11). Plasma epinephrine was inversely related to blood glucose (P less than 0.01) and was three times higher in the hypoglycemic subjects (P less than 0.05). Glucose ingestion (40 or 80 g per hour) prevented the hypoglycemia and resulted in a smaller rise in plasma epinephrine but did not alter perceived exertion or consistently delay exhaustion. We conclude that hypoglycemia occurs in normal subjects during prolonged exercise and results in an exaggerated rise in plasma epinephrine. However, hypoglycemia fails to effect endurance, and its prevention does not consistently delay exhaustion. PMID- 7038493 TI - Adult respiratory-distress syndrome: changing concepts of lung injury and repair. PMID- 7038494 TI - The options in early laryngeal carcinoma. PMID- 7038495 TI - Sounding boards. Competition and health care: a new Trojan horse? PMID- 7038496 TI - The Anturane Reinfarction Trial: reevaluation of outcome. PMID- 7038498 TI - SIDS and near-sids (first of two parts). PMID- 7038497 TI - Cardiovascular effects of tricyclic antidepressants in depressed patients with chronic heart disease. AB - Twenty-four depressed patients with heart disease were treated for four weeks in a double-blind trial of imipramine, doxepin, or placebo to assess the effects of tricyclic antidepressants on ventricular function and rhythm. The tricyclic antidepressants had no effect on left ventricular ejection fraction at rest or during maximal exercise, as measured by radionuclide ventriculograms obtained before and after treatment. Premature ventricular contractions were reduced by imipramine but were not consistently changed by doxepin or placebo. Treatment with imipramine and doxepin, but not placebo, was associated with significant improvement (P less than 0.001) in standard ratings of depression. Our findings underscore the need for a reappraisal of the cardiovascular risks of tricyclic antidepressants and suggest that in the absence of severe impairment of myocardial performance, depressed patients with preexisting heart disease can be effectively treated with these agents without an adverse effect on ventricular rhythm or hemodynamic function. PMID- 7038499 TI - More on sulfinpyrazone after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7038500 TI - Plasma renin activity levels in two patients with impending cardiogenic shock. PMID- 7038501 TI - Infectious gastroenteritis in bone-marrow-transplant recipients. AB - We prospectively evaluated infections with several gastrointestinal pathogens in patients undergoing bone-marrow transplantation, in an attempt to correlate infection with morbidity and mortality. Thirty-one of 78 patients (40 per cent) were infected with one or more of the following enteric pathogens during the study: adenovirus (12 infections), rotavirus (nine), coxsackievirus (four), or Clostridium difficile (12). Several patients were infected with more than one pathogen. Infection correlated with the occurrence of diarrhea and abdominal cramps. The mortality rate among the infected patients was 55 per cent- significantly higher than the rate (13 per cent) among the noninfected patients (P less than 0.001). This study indicates that enteric pathogens that often cause mild diarrhea in normal populations can cause serious infections in marrow transplant recipients. Measures aimed at preventing or treating such infections might reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with marrow transplantation. PMID- 7038503 TI - Hearing loss and vertigo secondary to head injury. PMID- 7038502 TI - SIDS and near-SIDS (second of two parts). PMID- 7038504 TI - Reversal of natural killer defect in a patient with Chediak-Higashi syndrome after bone-marrow transplantation. PMID- 7038505 TI - Occasional notes. What's behind those block grants in health? PMID- 7038507 TI - Differentiation of Candida stellatoidea from C. albicans and C. tropicalis by temperature-dependent growth responses on defined media. AB - C. stellatoidea differs from both C. albicans and C. tropicalis in its i) much greater growth differential on minimal and amino acid enriched media and ii) unique inability to grow on minimal medium containing glycerol as carbon source at 37C. The relative responses to amino acid enrichment occur on media containing either fermentative or oxidative carbon sources, at 25C or 37C. Under any given conditions of carbon source and temperature, different assortments of individual amino acids are stimulatory for each of the three species. All assortments include one or more members of the glutamic acid family. However, sulfur amino acids stimulate only C. stellatoidea on all three carbon sources. On minimal glycerol medium, wild type strains of C. stellatoidea grow prototrophically at 25C but are auxotrophic for amino acids at 37C; the particular auxotrophies expressed vary from strain to strain. Slow growing, mycelial mutants, prototrophic on glycerol at 37C arise spontaneously in wild type strains at frequencies indicating nuclear gene mutation. Such mutants can be induced by both transition and frame shift mutagens. The implications of these observations for the taxonomic relationships between the three Candida species and for identification of C. stellatoidea in particular are discussed. PMID- 7038506 TI - A microsomal fraction of Cryptococcus neoformans induces lymphocyte blastogenesis in infected guinea pigs. AB - Differential centrifugation of a homogenate from a mechanically disrupted, acapsular isolate of Cryptococcus neoformans resulted in a 105,000 x g supernatant (105 K) and a microsomal fraction (MS), both of which were capable of eliciting specific delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity and in vitro blastogenesis in infected guinea pigs. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed two major proteins in the MS and seven proteins in the 105 K fractions. Electron microscopy of the MS showed both membranes and ribosomes. In vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis elicited by 1 to 10 micrograms/ml of antigens was maximal after 4 days of incubation; the reacting populations were peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and peritoneal exudate cells (PEC). Spleen cells of infected animals were unresponsive to in vitro antigenic stimulation. A simplified schedule of priming animals was infection with a single dose of virulent cryptococci. Under these conditions 3 of 6 animals' PBL responded with stimulation ratios of 6.55, 21.1, 35.42 to the MS and 1.41, 9.33, 17.39 to the 105 K antigens at 1 microgram/ml. Four of six animals' PEC response were positive with stimulation ratios of 2.62, 2.72, 4.02 and 7.20 towards MS, and 2.62, 5.13, 5.71, 10.01 to the 105 K antigens at 1 microgram/ml. When small capsule and large capsule isolates were used for infection, the small capsule form was not isolated from the brain, in contrast to its isolation from 2 of 3 animals receiving large capsule forms. Two of three animals in each group responded with blastogenic indices more vigorous in the PBL, and the most potent antigen was MS. There was no obvious difference in lymphocyte reactivity between the two groups. PMID- 7038508 TI - Libraries and the theatre nurse. PMID- 7038509 TI - Expression in E. coli of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen recognized during human infection. PMID- 7038510 TI - Transformation of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardii with yeast DNA. PMID- 7038511 TI - Glycolipid affinity purification of migration inhibitory factor. PMID- 7038512 TI - Gene duplication and the birthday problem. PMID- 7038513 TI - A possible case of hypervitaminosis A in Homo erectus. PMID- 7038514 TI - Insulin-like growth factor I stimulates growth in hypophysectomized rats. PMID- 7038515 TI - Inhibition of dopamine biosynthesis by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in rat. PMID- 7038516 TI - A new class of contraceptives? PMID- 7038517 TI - Diarrhea in piglets due to Escherichia coli that produce only porcine ileal loop positive heat-stable enterotoxic component. PMID- 7038518 TI - [Sensitivity of Gram-negative aerobic intestinal flora to tetracycline, ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole and gentamicin in a random Netherlands population]. PMID- 7038519 TI - [Breast puncture biopsy for cytological studies]. PMID- 7038520 TI - [The use of Scutan transfer copings in restorative dentistry]. PMID- 7038521 TI - [Thomas Bartholinus (1616-1680-1980), his Dutch relations and dentistry (I)]. PMID- 7038522 TI - [The role of stereotaxic biopsy in the therapeutic approach to malignant gliomas (author's transl)]. AB - Analysis of 770 biopsies of intra-cerebral neoplasms under stereotaxic conditions and performed in Bordeaux, Rennes and Marseilles. The study emphasized the relative benign nature of this examination (1% deaths, 1.4 % severe sequellae) bearing in mind the severity of the underlying disease. In a very large number of cases (from 7 to 38% according to Schools) the diagnosis made before biopsy was fundamentally altered by this examination. The quasi-certitude of the nature of the lesion, and the possible facilitation of surgery by the precision of the lesional topography, and finally the possibility of a therapeutic gesture of evacuation in certain cases, is felt to justify intra-cranial biopsy performed under stereotaxic conditions. PMID- 7038523 TI - [Current experience of stereotaxic irradiations in the treatment of hemispheric gliomas (author's transl)]. AB - Authors present a short review of the techniques and results of the stereotactic focal irradiations (S.I.) used at present in France for the treatment of small "active" gliomas localized in high risk areas (functional and vital) of the brain. These techniques include the temporary interstitial implantation of 192Ir wires, possibly associated with external irradiation and the treatment of active glioma cysts by intracystic injection of colloidal beta emitters such as 90Y and 186Re. The risk of immediate (surgical) and late (radiation) functional loss is low and the overall results at 3 years are satisfactory in particular with small well delimited astrocytomas. Such treatments can be associated to surgical reduction of the tumor volume or to other forms of irradiation according to the data of stereotactic localization studies including biopsy. PMID- 7038524 TI - [The diagnosis and therapeutic malignant gliomas management (author's transl)]. AB - 3 principles lead, in our opinion, the malignant gliomas management: to place surgery in first position, to take prognostic factors into account, to require a convincing histological evidence before deciding on radiotherapy and chemotherapy. 111 cases are studied: in 8% of cases stereotax biopsies allow correction of CT scan diagnosis. The survival curves could be carefully interpreted according to patient and tumor features. PMID- 7038525 TI - Neurobehavioral toxicity of carbon disulfide. AB - Carbon disulfide is an exceptionally potent neurotoxicant. In industrial settings its effects are pernicious, producing symptoms and behavioral alterations in the absence of frank poisoning; affective disorders are common, and exposure is associated with an elevated incidence of suicide. With more severe exposure, sensory disturbances are commonplace, as are alterations in sensory and motor nerve function. Alterations in behavior and central nervous system function can be readily produced in the laboratory with acute or chronic carbon disulfide exposure. Profound morphological changes, especially in the basal ganglia, can be produced with intense exposure. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibition has been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. Despite prolonged interest in its health effects, the toxic sequelae of exposure have not been adequately described using modern techniques of neurobehavioral toxicology, nor have the mechanisms of action been adequately elucidated. PMID- 7038526 TI - Neurobehavioral effects of toluene: a review. AB - Toluene appears to produce reversible effects upon liver, renal and nervous systems. Its usual route of intake is via respiration. The nervous system appears to be the most sensitive to the effects of toluene. Although there are few studies of toluene's neurotoxicity, some tenuous results can be cited. High level toluene exposures produced incoordination, ataxia, unconsciousness and eventually, death. Lower level acute exposures in man produce dizziness, exhilaration and confusion. Activity level has been inadequately studied. Schedule controlled behaviors have been reported to produce inverted U-shaped concentration-effect curves on response rate measures. Alterations at levels as low as 150 ppm have been reported when appetitive contingencies are used. Very few studies of the nervous system have been performed at levels below 1000 ppm and most of the results were inconclusive. The TLV (threshold limit value) of toluene has been set at 100 ppm for 8 hrs. No exposures on possible groups at special risk, such as perinatal, aged or impaired subjects have been made. Few studies of reversibility of effects in the nervous system have been reported. Much more work is needed before strong conclusions can be drawn. PMID- 7038527 TI - Neurotoxicity of methyl chloride. AB - Methyl chloride is encountered in the chemical industry as a methylating agent in the production of butyl rubber, tetramethyl lead, and other products as well as a blowing agent for some polystyrene foams. It is a potent CNS depressant whose principal route of absorption is by inhalation, although it can be absorbed through the skin. Symptoms of the neurotoxicity include headache, drowsiness, giddiness, ataxia, convulsion, and coma. This review focuses on the human case reports of acute and chronic exposures as well as some of the more important inhalation studies conducted with animals. The chemical and physical properties and the more important industrial uses are also discussed. PMID- 7038528 TI - The neurotoxicity of alcohols. AB - Alcohols are widely used organic solvents. Other than ethanol and methanol, there have been few reports of their neurotoxic effects. Relying on the medical literature of ethanol's toxicity and a small number of experimental animal studies, the following points emerge: Alcohols can produce their neurotoxic effects through the inhalation route, as would be encountered in the industrial setting. An extensive series of alcohols have been tested producing a high correlation between their ability to enter into membranes and the dose needed to produce acute intoxication. Several lines of evidence indicate that alcohols produce their wide spectrum of effects by the large amounts that accumulate in tissue disrupting membrane-bound processes. Beside acute toxicity, which poses many hazards for those exposed in the industrial setting, many alcohols could produce permanent brain damage with prolonged exposure as well as damage to the developing fetus carried by female workers. PMID- 7038529 TI - Vasopressin and renin response to dehydration in aged rats. AB - Abnormalities in neurohypophyseal function have been postulated to contribute to the alterations in fluid and electrolyte balance observed during aging. In this study, parameters of fluid and electrolyte balance were evaluated during chronic water deprivation in old (30 months) and young (3 months) Fischer 344 rats. The increase in serum vasopressin (VP) and renin concentrations observed in the 3 month animals following chronic water deprivation were absent in the aged rats (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.02, respectively). This occurred in spite of apparently comparable alterations in fluid volume and osmolality (assessed by changes in body weight, hematocrit and plasma osmolality). Relative to body weight, VP content of the neural lobe was significantly reduced and was more severely depleted by dehydration in aged rats than in young rats. Thus, inadequate neurohypophyseal hormone stores may contribute to the inability of the aged animals to attain elevated serum VP concentrations during chronic stimulation. Several parameters of renal function were examined in the aged rats. Although none of the old rats were in renal failure, they all showed some indication of reduced renal function. In spite of renal abnormalities including reduced concentrating capabilities, the old rats did demonstrate a significant antidiuretic response to dehydration. However, with prolonged fluid deprivation, they were unable to attain serum VP or renin concentrations comparable to that achieved by the young rats. PMID- 7038530 TI - Jordi Folch-Pi. PMID- 7038531 TI - An improvement in computer-aided diagnosis of meningiomas after CT. AB - CT examination of 497 patients with subsequently proven pathology have been analysed and subjected to computer-aided diagnosis using Bayes' theorem. Our previous work was as accurate and reliable for diagnosing metastases and gliomas as that achieved by skilled radiologists in reporting. The present paper reports an alteration to the programme that has improved the diagnosis of meningioma. PMID- 7038532 TI - Infantile hypoventilation syndrome, neurenteric cyst, and syringobulbia. AB - Hypoventilation syndrome was observed in an infant with a neurenteric cyst. She died at 9 months of age following episodic bradycardia and the loss of voluntary as well as autonomic respiratory control. There was a mediastinal neurenteric cyst with anterior spina bifida and extension into the upper thoracic spinal cord. Secondary syringomyelobulbia was present at necropsy. The syringobulbia involved the hypoglossal nuclei, the dorsal motor nuclei of the vagus in the lower medulla, the right nucleus ambiguus, the right fasciculus and nucleus solitarius, the right mediolateral reticular formation, and the right dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus at the level of the obex. This morphologic distribution is attributed to the intraspinal rupture and upward extension of the mucinous contents of the cyst, and appears to be responsible for the hypoventilation syndrome. PMID- 7038533 TI - From almshouse to hospital: the shaping of Philadelphia General Hospital. AB - After almost 250 years, one of the nation's first, and most illustrious, hospitals closed. Its demise was a particularly dramatic but representative symptom of a more general decay in the quality of public medicine in America's older cities. The gradual differentiation of municipal welfare mechanisms from almshouse to hospital is traced; it has been an elusive and incomplete evolution. PMID- 7038534 TI - Equity of access to health care: some conceptual and ethical issues. AB - Problems of defining equity and equality of access are not trivial; there are fundamental disagreements about the nature of health care as a social good and about other principles of distributive justice. Presuppositions about equity underlying several current proposals for reform of health care "markets" are considered. Issues of equity--and theories of justice--arise also in contexts other than disputes about access. PMID- 7038535 TI - [Coronary fistulas. Considerations on 3 treated cases]. PMID- 7038536 TI - [Comparison of metroprolol and labetalol. Antihypertensive activity at rest and during exertion and effect on some noninvasive parameters of cardiovascular function]. PMID- 7038537 TI - [CT 1341 in ambulatory orodental surgery]. PMID- 7038538 TI - [Anesthesia, blood glucose, insulin and plasma renin. Experimental research with althesin, thiopental and ketamine]. AB - In the rat, narcotic doses of Althesin injected intraperitoneally did not modify blood glucose concentration nor plasma insulin concentration. On the contrary a reduction of blood glucose concentration, associated with an increase of plasma insulin concentration was observed when narcotic doses of thiopental and ketamine were. Plasma renin concentration decreased after injection of Althesin and thiopental while increased after injection of ketamine. PMID- 7038539 TI - [Segmental epidural analgesia in chemonucleolysis]. AB - Attention is drawn to the fact that epidural anaesthesia is the most advisable technique in the treatment of intervertebral disk hernia by chemonucleolysis. The advantages of local as opposed to general anaesthesia are described. PMID- 7038540 TI - [Esophago-gastric lesions caused by caustics. Trends in diagnosis in intensive therapy]. PMID- 7038541 TI - [Secondary biliary calculosis. Nosological classification, symptomatology and diagnosis]. PMID- 7038542 TI - [Beta-methyldigoxin and hepatic cirrhosis. Parallel study of the metabolism of digoxin in normal subjects and those with hepatic insufficiency]. PMID- 7038543 TI - [Pinaverine bromide in the treatment of irritable colon]. PMID- 7038544 TI - [Anticholinergic and benzodiazepine drugs in the therapy of functional colonic diseases]. PMID- 7038545 TI - [Controlled clinical studies of the action of a drug combination in the pathology of the upper digestive tract]. PMID- 7038546 TI - [Technology and the time limits of food preservation]. PMID- 7038547 TI - [Preservation of the sphincter in excision of rectal carcinomas]. PMID- 7038548 TI - [Surgical treatment of inflammatory diseases of the pancreas]. PMID- 7038549 TI - [Hypnosis in psychotherapy]. AB - The methods of hypnotherapy are reviewed and their individual applicability in the treatment of neurotic and psychosomatic syndromes examined according to the criteria of the two most recognised schools of modern psychology; psychoanalysis and behaviourism. The agreements and divergences of these two theoretical approaches are described and other contemporary theories are examined, before their general inadequacy is pointed out. A combination of western psychotherapeutic techniques and oriental meditation methods is therefore suggested, justifying this on both psychological and neurophysiological grounds. A simultaneously rational and intuitive basis for hypnotherapy would appear to offer the hypnologist a more subtle technique and would also make it easier for him to acquire that "therapeutic mentality" indispensable for successful treatment. PMID- 7038550 TI - [The future of headache research]. PMID- 7038551 TI - [Headache as neurotic somatization]. PMID- 7038552 TI - [Therapeutic effect of a combination of bufenine and beta-escine as an oral delayed-action drug in obliterating arterial diseases of the lower limbs]. AB - Reference is made to the clinical and instrumental results observed in 40 subjects with chronic obliterating arteriopathy of the lower limbs treated for 90 days with a projective protocol based on a per os retard combination of bufenine and beta-escine. Attention is drawn to the vasoactive and antioedemigenic activity of the combination, its good tolerance, and easy administration. PMID- 7038553 TI - [Uridine diphosphate glucose in acute viral hepatitis]. AB - 200 mg UDPG or placebo respectively were administered after an observation period of 1 week to two randomly constructed groups of patients aged 15-35 yr with acute viral hepatitis but no prior history of disease. In the treated patients, mean decreases were most marked and most rapid in the case of SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubinaemia. These results offer good reason for supposing that UDPG can be usefully employed in the management of acute viral hepatitis. PMID- 7038555 TI - [Physicians and pharmacists in 3 novels by Voltaire]. PMID- 7038554 TI - [A case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Electroencephalographic and immunobiological aspects]. AB - A case of Creutzfeld Jakob disease is described from an E.E.G. and immunological point of view. The E.E.G. data at various stages of the disease are described and the presence of intrathecally produced IgG antibodies is pointed out. PMID- 7038556 TI - [Carcinoma of the vulva]. PMID- 7038557 TI - [A case of IUD migration into the peritoneal cavity]. PMID- 7038558 TI - A prevalence survey of infections among hospitalized patients in Norway. AB - The prevalence rates of infections among hospitalized patients in 15 Norwegian hospitals on 28 November 1979 is reported. A total of 7833 patients were included in the study, representing approximately 35 per cent of patients in somatic hospitals in Norway on that day. The prevalence rate of all infections was 17 per cent and for hospital infections 9 per cent. Hospital infections were most frequent in haematology and intensive care departments (23 and 22 per cent respectively) while the lowest rates were found in ophtalmology and psychiatry (2 per cent). Urinary tract infections played a major role both overall (33.5 per cent) and in hospital infections (41.9 per cent). In community acquired infections alone lower respiratory tract infections were slightly more common than urinary tract infections (26.6 per cent of infections versus 24.1 per cent). The study also comprises data on frequency of bacteriological examination in infected patients and on usage of indwelling urinary catheters in patients with urinary tract infections. The rates are compared to studies in other countries. We found the prevalence survey method to be an acceptable way of assessing infection rates among hospitalized patients in Norway. The greatest benefit of the survey is believed to be the ability to increase the awareness of infection problems in hospitals among health personnel. PMID- 7038559 TI - Hyaluronidase production, lactose and salicin fermentation and phage-typability in bovine group B Streptococci. AB - Hyaluronidase, also called the spreading factor, may be an important pathogenic factor for the streptococci. Production of hyaluronidase is found in 75% of human clinical isolates of group B streptococci, and we have in our investigation found the same frequency (74%) in 195 bovine isolates. Of the same 195 isolates 17% turned out to be lactose negative, a characteristic usually regarded as being typical of group B streptococci of human origin. These same strains were also mostly hyaluronidase positive. The parameters investigated: hyaluronidase production, lactose and salicin fermentation and phage-typability, can be useful in tracing the origin of the group B. However, bovine and human streptococcal populations do not seem to be completely distinguishable because overlapping exists between the characteristics. PMID- 7038560 TI - Health effects of toluene: a review. AB - This evaluative review covers the neurotoxic effects of toluene. General health effects of toluene are also discussed in more limited detail. A brief description of chemical properties and environmental prevalence is given, followed by a review of pharmacokinetic data. General health effects include lethality, growth, morbidity, liver and kidney damage and miscellaneous effects. Neurobehavioral effects include epidemiological and clinical findings, activity and sleep, performance and learning, electrophysiological and central-nervous-system (CNS) effects. Evaluation and synthesis of data is included. It was concluded that low level exposure to toluene has its primary effect on the CNS. From a systematic or general point of view it is not clear what this effect is. Both depressant and excitatory effects (possibly concentration dependent) were reported as well as other kinds of results. Other health effects were not life threatening at any exposure level short of that producing lethality. Effects were reversible even at extremely high exposure levels for very long durations. Problems in research and needed data are pointed out. Given the economic importance and ubiquity of toluene, more information about its behavioral and neurological effects is sorely needed. PMID- 7038561 TI - Computerized patient care data: an education program for nurses. PMID- 7038562 TI - Nurse practitioners within the Veterans Administration. PMID- 7038563 TI - Cognitive and behavioral approaches to management of chronic pain. PMID- 7038564 TI - Medicine at turn of century. Perspectives from press. PMID- 7038565 TI - A comparison between aerosol and inhaled powder administration of fenoterol in adult asthmatics. AB - Eleven adult asthmatics were given fenoterol either as a metered aerosol dose or as an inhaled powder with appropriate controls, in a randomised double-blind fashion. The increase in FEV1 was the same after both dosage forms and no side effects occurred indicating that powder inhalation is a safe and effective alternative to aerosol inhalation in the treatment of asthma with sympathomimetics. PMID- 7038566 TI - Acupuncture, anaesthesia, and all that. PMID- 7038567 TI - Open comparison of diuretic effects of piretanide and bumetanide in patients with stable renal transplants. PMID- 7038568 TI - An introduction to the avermectins. PMID- 7038569 TI - The efficacy of phosmet as a "pour-on" for the control of long-nosed sucking lice (Linognathus vituli) on cattle. PMID- 7038570 TI - Genetic disease and pregnancy. PMID- 7038571 TI - The pattern of scientific research. PMID- 7038572 TI - Effect of triple dye cord care on bacterial colonization in newborn infants. PMID- 7038573 TI - [Choice of the method for removing nonmagnetic foreign bodies from various parts of the eye]. PMID- 7038574 TI - [Cytochemical characteristics of the metabolic indices in cryopreserved corneas]. PMID- 7038575 TI - [Contributions of N. I. Pirogova to ophthalmology]. PMID- 7038576 TI - Increased incidence of antibody in pre-malignant occupational bladder cancer. AB - Sera from 26.7% of the clinically healthy chemical workers with occupational exposure to bladder carcinogens produced immunofluorescent staining of the intracellular antigens of an allogeneic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The incidence of positives among normal donor's and early stage bladder cancer patients was much lower, viz. 3.6 and 6.7%, respectively. The same sera were also tested for their staining reactions against surface antigens of bladder tumour cells. Again sera from a higher proportion of chemical workers (28.6%) was found to produce immunofluorescence compared with with normal donors (12.6%) and bladder cancer patients (18.6%). The elevated incidence of antibodies among chemical workers' sera was not due to autoantibodies which were similarly distributed in the 3 groups. Furthermore, the staining of chemical workers' sera was not tumour type specific as all the sera which stained membrane or intracellular components were found to lose their staining ability on absorption with non-bladder tumour cells. It is proposed that these antibodies result from carcinogenic damage and have a physiological role to play. PMID- 7038577 TI - Critical evaluation of corneal graft surgery using fresh corneas and corneas preserved in MK-medium. AB - Penetrating keratoplasty was done in 112 patients. Two types of donor material were used: whole eyes preserved in a moist chamber at 4 degrees C, and corneoscleral segments preserved in MK-medium 4 degrees C. Comparison of the postoperative results was done. No significant correlation was found between the postoperative results and the difference between donor and recipient age. The subjective evaluation of donor material was not accurate. The death-to enucleation time of 6.1 +/- 6.2 h was tolerated and had no significant influence on the postoperative result. A partial relationship was found between postoperative vision and death-to-surgery time. The earlier the surgery, the better were the results. Both preservation methods, whole eyes in a moist chamber and corneoscleral segments in MK-medium, were useful in cases with good prognosis, e.g. keratoconus. The MK-preservation method was found to be superior in cases with corneal opacity and vascularization. PMID- 7038578 TI - A prospective study of the use of hyperopic epikeratophakia grafts for the correction of aphakia in adults. AB - The results of a prospective clinical study of hyperopic epikeratophakia grafts for the visual rehabilitation of aphakic patients are presented. Visual acuity data are given for 21 aphakic patients who have been followed for up to six months postoperatively. With spectacle overrefraction, on the average, patients were within three lines of their preoperative potential vision at three months postoperative and within two lines at six months postoperative. Three months postoperatively, two patients achieved visual acuities of 20/20, and 57% had 20/40 or better with spectacle overcorrection. Six months postoperatively, three patients achieved best-corrected visual acuities of 20/20, and 80% had best corrected visual acuities of 20/40 or better. PMID- 7038579 TI - Vitamin C and human wound healing. AB - Clinical studies provide evidence that wound healing in subjects judged not deficient in vitamin C can be significantly accelerated with supplements of this nutrient above the recommended daily allowance (RDA). The authors administered daily dosages of 500 to 3,000 mg., which is roughly 8 to 50 times the RDA of 60 mg., to subjects recovering from surgery, other injuries, decubital ulcers, and leg ulcers induced by hemolytic anemia. Genetic impairment of collagen synthesis has also been observed to be responsive to ascorbic acid supplementation in an 8 year-old boy with Type VI Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Four grams of ascorbic acid daily produced a significant improvement in the quality of newly synthesized collagen but did not alter that formed prior to the supplementation of C. The combined evidence in this review provides a substantial base for further research, both clinical and experimental trials, concerning the interrelationships between vitamin C and the body's healing potential. PMID- 7038580 TI - A retrospective study of microbiologic samples from oral mucosal lesions. AB - This report describes findings in microbial samples from 271 patients with lesions of the oral mucous membranes. Analyses were made on the basis of direct microscopy and cultivation on nonselective and selective media incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Growth of bacteria was semiquantitatively determined according to a five-grade scale. Among the 134 samples for direct microscopy, fungi in yeast as well as hyphae phase, were identified in 39 cases. Among the cultivated samples, Candida albicans was detected in 107 cases, of which 71 were full-denture wearers. Staphylococcus aureus, coliform bacteria and Klebsiella were the most frequently isolated "nonoral" bacteria. In some cases also Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas or other gram negative aerobic bacteria were found. In 84 cases the bacteria mentioned were registered as single "nonoral" infection, and in 63 cases combinations of "nonoral" species occurred. In 51 of these 63 cases C. albicans was also involved. In 31 cases a significant quantitative increase of one or more oral bacterial species was registered. In 93 cases there was no indication of a microbial cause of the lesion. On the basis of these microbial findings, it might be presupposed that in the majority of cases microorganisms were of primary or secondary pathogenic importance to the lesions. PMID- 7038581 TI - [125th anniversary of the founding of Orvosi Hetilap]. PMID- 7038582 TI - [Samuel Racz and the dawn of Hungarian medical education]. PMID- 7038583 TI - [Data on the Hungarian origin of Moricz Kaposi]. PMID- 7038584 TI - [The pituitary portal vascular system and its circulatory properties]. PMID- 7038585 TI - [25 years of hormonal contraception]. PMID- 7038586 TI - [Effect of caffeine on the physical achievement of obese children]. PMID- 7038587 TI - [Pharmacists in the journal Nyugat]. PMID- 7038589 TI - Form, function, growth, and craniofacial surgery. AB - The introduction of craniofacial surgery in the early 1970's provided new treatment opportunities for patients previously ineligible for care and increased the number of patients presenting to multidisciplinary teams and private practitioners. Otolaryngologists together with other medical and paramedical professionals began to see patients whose overall phenotype was relatively unfamiliar. Complex craniofacial malformations raised questions concerned with the severity of the malformation process, the effect of growth, and the effect of surgery. For example, how does the anomalous craniofacial skeleton grow? Does the deformity become worse with time? Does it get better? Or does it stay the same? Additionally, how does surgery that is designed to restore form and function affect growth of the craniofacial complex? To answer these questions, this article examines the form, function, and pattern of craniofacial growth in four categories of malformations: cleft lip and palate, hemifacial microsomia, mandibulofacial dysostosis, and two of the craniofacial synostoses, the Apert and Crouzon syndromes. Each of these malformations is amenable to surgery. The timing and effect of surgery on growth are critical to successful habilitation and are discussed as part of the natural history of those anomalies. PMID- 7038588 TI - [Evolution of the concept of genes]. PMID- 7038590 TI - Radiology of the craniofacial anomalies. PMID- 7038591 TI - Plasma aldosterone response to domperidone, an extracerebral dopamine receptor blocker, in normal subjects. PMID- 7038592 TI - Counterregulatory hormone response during prolonged but moderate hyperinsulinemia in normal man. PMID- 7038593 TI - [Valentin Aleksandrovich Dogel' (1882-1955)]. PMID- 7038594 TI - Gametocytogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro: an electron microscopic study. AB - Plasmodium falciparum was grown in vitro in blood taken from naturally infected Gambian patients, and the development of the cultured sexual parasites was studied by light and electron microscopy. The young (Stage II and III) female gametocytes undergo a single cryptomitotic nuclear division. This division immediately follows the S phase which Sinden & Smalley (1979) have demonstrated in the Stage I and II gametocytes of both sexes. The male gametocytes, by contrast, do not undergo mitosis during their maturation period in the erythrocyte and thus remain polyploid. Hence the cell cycles of the male and female gametocytes differ significantly. The ultrastructural basis of the characteristic changes in shape of the developing gametocyte are shown to be due to the assembly and subsequent loss of components of the subpellicular membranous and microtubular cytoskeleton. Stage I-III gametocytes synthesize numerous ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum. This correlates with the active synthesis of RNA and protein in these young parasites (Sinden & Smalley, 1979). The marked reduction in macromolecular synthesis in the mature parasites is paralleled by a reduction in cytoplasmic ribosome density in the male gametocyte only. In the female, however, this reduction in activity is correlated with the appearance of a nucleolus. These changes suggest that different mechanisms are being used to control RNA synthesis in the two sexes of gametocyte. PMID- 7038595 TI - The activity of acid proteases hydrolysing haemoglobin in parasitic helminths with special reference to interspecific and intraspecific distribution. PMID- 7038596 TI - [Blood pressure among young adults eighteen aged. Relationship with height-and weight-characteristics (author's transl)]. AB - Blood pressure (BP) has been measured by one observer amond 837 male healthy subjects, aged 18. As it has been shown in previous studies, there is a strong correlation between BP and height, weight, overweight indices, and arm circumference. The correlations of height and arm-circumference with BP are not fully explained by the weight. It seems to be, at this age, an association of BP with body dimensions, and not only with fatness. The strong association of BP with the lean body mass confirms this fact. It seems finally that BP level at the beginning of adulthood is, in a large extent, determined by body dimensions and the development of the osteomuscular system, and much lesser by adiposity. On the other hand, evolution during adulthood depends much more upon variation of the weight, i.e. of the fatness. PMID- 7038597 TI - [Study of the spermatic bacterial flora in infertile males (author's transl)]. AB - Two groups of infertile males (65 and 132 patients) have been investigated in two different laboratories, with two different methods to obtain semen. The bacteriological results are quite similar in the two groups. The microorganisms which have been isolated are : beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, Proteus, Epidermidis staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacter, Viridans streptococcus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Neisseria, Escherichia coli, anaerobic Staphylococcus, anaerobic Streptococcus, anaerobic Corynebacter type IV, Fungus, Achromobacter. 20 p. cent of the patients are chronically infected without any clinical signs. This infection is probably of prostatic origin with an important number of bacteria in the semen (more than 3,000/ml). No relation has been shown between the bacteriological data and the physical and cytological characteristics of the sperm, except the pH : semens with a low pH are generally azoospermic and highly contaminated. PMID- 7038598 TI - [Measurement of aluminium in bone by pulse polarography (author's transl)]. AB - Pulse polarography has been applied to the determination of aluminium in bone. The sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility of the method are described. The results of bone aluminium concentrations in controls and in haemodialysed patients treated with aluminium compounds are discuted. Pulse polarography permits very precise measurements of aluminium impregnating bone. PMID- 7038599 TI - [Bone penetration of cefazoline (author's transl)]. AB - A single intramuscular dose of one gram of cefazoline was administered to fifty eight patients undergoing total hip replacement. The elimination of the antibiotic in femoral head is parallel to the blood elimination but ten times lower. Twelve hours after injection, levels of 0.5 microgram/g (i.e. higher than MIC of Staphylococcus aureus normally isolated from post surgery infections) are still detected in capsule and femoral head. PMID- 7038600 TI - [Maternal glucose tolerance along pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - The development of the foetal and placental unit induces large changes in maternal glucose tolerance along pregnancy. Oestrogen-induced hyperinsulinism is responsible for facilitated anabolism which take place during the first part of pregnancy. Accelerated catabolism occurring during the second part is due to the direct action of placental hormones, mainly of human placental lactogen. The latter is responsible for diminution of peripheral insulin activity. Hyperinsulinism, which is very important at this stage, facilitates from where nutrients can be easily removed. Glucose and amino-acide uptake by placental and foetus are greatly increased by all these changes. PMID- 7038601 TI - [Role of HY antigen in human and mammalian gonadal organogenesis (author's transl)]. AB - H-Y (histocompatibility Y) antigen plays a role in gonadal organogenesis, which is poorly understood. Indeed, it is not immunologically well-defined. The use of cytotoxicity tests cannot lead to a right quantification of its expression. In vertebrates, it is a marker of the heterogametic sex. As it is also detected in invertebrates, H-Y antigen is therefore ubiquitous and has a high phylogenic conservation. Its role, as an organizer of mammal testes, was carried out by controversial experiments of dissociation-reorganization, in gonadal cells. In gonads. H-Y antigen can be studied under 3 diverse aspects : secretion, fixation and expression, Recently, Ohno proposed a very attractive pattern of testicular and ovarian organogenesis. In males, organization of seminiferous tubules is the result of the interaction between H-Y antigen and its specific gonadal receptor. In females, primordial follicle formation is induced by the interaction between an hypothetic ovary-organizing antigen (similar to H-Y antigen) and the same specific receptor as in testis. These different hypotheses are discussed. In addition, it is underlined how expression of H-Y antigen (anchorage site of H-Y antigen on plasma membrane associated with beta 2-m) can be distinguished from its fixation on gonadal specific receptors. In view of controversial data, the masculinisation of bovine free-martin gonads by H-Y antigen is discussed. In XX males and XY females, H-Y expression which is variable is correlated with its gonadal organizing role. Finally, at present time location of H-Y structural and control genes remains unsolved. In view of all hypotheses postulated, it is not clearly demonstrated how H-Y antigen can act on gonadal organogenesis. Nevertheless, priority of cell-cell recognition, via H-Y antigen, has to be emphasized. PMID- 7038602 TI - [Cellular patterns and obesity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038603 TI - Immunofluorescent identification of antibodies specific for prostatic acid phosphatase. AB - Antisera demonstrated by precipitation and passive haemagglutination to possess antibodies specific for prostatic tissue-specific acid phosphatase have been employed to localize this isoenzyme in the prostate by indirect immunofluorescence. Antisera specific for prostatic acid phosphatase may permit the immunohistological localization of this enzyme, thereby serving as a biological marker for metastatic prostatic cancer, where histological and/or clinical staging of the primary tumour remain uncertain. PMID- 7038604 TI - [Prof. Aleksander Pruszczynski]. PMID- 7038605 TI - [Standardization of a peroxidase-antiperoxidase method for the demonstration of HBsAg in liver sections]. PMID- 7038606 TI - [A variant of the Bussolati decalcificator (with an evaluation of the results obtained in 16 cases of bone marrow biopsies)]. PMID- 7038607 TI - Group B streptococcal lung infection in neonatal rabbits. AB - The interaction of alveolar macrophages (AMs) and group B streptococci (GBS) was investigated in 1 and 2-day-old rabbits following infection in an exposure chamber containing 10(7) streptococci per cubic foot of air. The % of streptococci within AMs was similar at 0 and 4 h (36 and 65%) after infection for the two groups of rabbits. Twenty-four h after infection, the 2-day-old rabbits had a significantly higher % of ingested GBS (86 versus 68%). Sixty % of inspired GBS were inactivated by the older rabbits within 4 h after infection. This clearance persisted in the younger rabbits until 48 h (mean negative clearance of -17, -276, and -79% at 4, 24, and 48 h) before their numbers were reduced by inflammation. Sixty of 78 1-day-old rabbits had inflammatory responses between 24 and 72 h versus only 5 of 50 older rabbits. At 24 h after infection, AMs of 1-day old rabbits contained significantly increased numbers of intracellular GBS microcolonies (17/20) than did AMs from 2-day-old rabbits (5/19). These observations suggest that the enhanced susceptibility to GBS infection in the immediate postnatal period is caused at least in part by ineffective intracellular killing by AMs. PMID- 7038608 TI - The pancreatic beta cell fraction in children with errors of amino acid metabolism. AB - Blocks of pancreas were obtained from the following cases of errors of amino acid metabolism: eight cystinosis, eight tyrosinosis, five phenylketonuria, three hypermethioninemia, two hyperprolinemia and two maple syrup urine disease. Blocks were also obtained from four cases of homocystinuria and 72 control patients of the same age range who had died from a variety of conditions believed not to affect the pancreas. Sections were cut from each pancreatic block and stained with haematoxylin or for insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) by the immunoperoxidase method. Measurements were performed separately in the PP rich and the PP poor regions of all sections. The fractional surface area of section occupied by insulin stained cells (%) and the cellular density (nuclei/100 microgram2) of each specimen were estimated. The beta cell fractional area in the PP poor region of the experimental cases was plotted against the logarithm of gestational age and compared to a reference grid of the 10th, 50th and 90th centile estimates of the control cases (Fig. 1). The distribution of results from the cases of tyrosinosis, phenylketonuria and cystinosis were skewed positively; four of eight tyrosinosis and three of five phenylketonuria cases lying above the 90th centile (P less than 0.001). The beta cell fractional area of the cystinosis cases was also significantly increased (Table 1, P less than 0.05). The results from the cases dying from maple syrup urine disease, hyperprolinemia, hypermethioninemia or homocystinuria were distributed as might be expected to occur by chance. PMID- 7038609 TI - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PMID- 7038610 TI - [Mathematical methods in the prehospital diagnosis of bronchopulmonary diseases in children]. PMID- 7038612 TI - [Considerations on the use of cytostatic preparations in rheumatoid arthritis in children]. PMID- 7038613 TI - [50th anniversary of the clinical pediatric departments of the Pirogov II Moscow Medical Institute]. PMID- 7038611 TI - [Peripheral vasodilators in the treatment of heart failure]. PMID- 7038614 TI - [What is your diagnosis? Caffey's disease localized in a clavicle]. PMID- 7038615 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis infections in pediatrics]. PMID- 7038616 TI - Utilization of appropriate projective techniques in assessing preschool children's personal space and body orientation. PMID- 7038618 TI - The pathophysiology of influenzal pneumonia in 1918. PMID- 7038617 TI - Don Juan and the vision of Vision. AB - Castaneda's well-known sequence of Don Juan books is used as a paradigmatic example of the relativist position. Central to Don Juan's teaching is the problem of perception: the main task, he constantly reiterates, is simply to 'see', to recognise that the commonsense world we customarily perceive is nothing more than a cultural construct. To combat this thoroughgoing relativism a case study is taken from the early history of visual science. In classical antiquity several fundamentally different 'views' (to use Don Juan's term) of how we see contended for approval. It was only at the beginning of the seventeenth century that the 'modern' interpretation was selected. This interpretation was selected, ultimately, because it 'worked'. Reference is made to both Wittgenstein and Marx to support this appeal to praxis. It is argued that through an intricate, complex, and ill-understood process of popularisation our self-image is ultimately grounded in the theories of natural science; and these, in turn, are ultimately grounded in our action in the world of things. PMID- 7038619 TI - Failure to recognize efficacious treatments: a history of salicylate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7038620 TI - Clinical science in the age of reason. PMID- 7038621 TI - [Prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia in cancer patients by scalp hypothermia (author's transl)]. AB - Chemotherapy-induced alopecia observed in cancer patients can now be prevented by a simple, effective, inexpensive and well tolerated procedure: scalp hypothermia. Refrigeration is obtained by placing on the scalp two bags filled with crushed ice 15 minutes before, and removing them 15 minutes after intravenous injection of antineoplastic drugs. Only patients treated with drug combinations that are rapidly administered (into the giving-set tube or by i.v. infusion lasting less than 60 minutes) seem to benefit from scalp hypothermia. The fact that good results were obtained with those drugs (adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, 5 fluorouracil, methotrexate, vincristine) and modes of administration that are most commonly used in women with breast cancer or ovarian cancer makes this procedure extremely interesting. PMID- 7038622 TI - [Distribution of ABH antigens in tumours of the bladder. A retrospective immunofluorescence study (author's transl)]. AB - ABH antigens are normally present on the surface of the healthy urinary epithelium. In a significant number of patients with tumour of the bladder the epithelium loses these antigens. The loss appears to be unrelated to the grade or stage of the tumour, but the prognosis seems to be brighter when the ABH antigens are retained. PMID- 7038623 TI - Key for protein coding sequences identification: computer analysis of codon strategy. AB - The signal qualifying an AUG or GUG as an initiator in mRNAs processed by E. coli ribosomes is not found to be a systematic, literal homology sequence. In contrast, stability analysis reveals that initiators always occur within nucleic acid domains of low stability, for which a high A/U content is observed. Since no aminoacid selection pressure can be detected at N-termini of the proteins, the A/U enrichment results from a biased usage of the code degeneracy. A computer analysis is presented which allows easy detection of the codon strategy. N terminal codons carry rather systematically A or U in third position, which suggests a mechanism for translation initiation and helps to detect protein coding sequences in sequenced DNA. PMID- 7038624 TI - Compilation of mutant suppressor tRNA sequences. PMID- 7038625 TI - Specificity of acid RNase from HeLa cell lysosomes. AB - The specificity of the lysosomal acid RNase [Saha, B.K., Graham, M.Y. and Schlessinger, D. (1979). J. Biol. Chem. 5951-5957] has been determined by 5'-end labeling and sequencing gel electrophoresis of rRNA. The enzyme has a predilection for the dinucleotide sequence ...NU..., which is cleaved into ...Np and HOU.... Sequences AU and GU sequences is enhanced by the presence of adjacent purine residues. The specificity remains unaltered after partial denaturation of the RNA. PMID- 7038626 TI - Dihydrouridine-deficient tRNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, designated mia, is responsible for the production of isoaccepting tRNA molecules with reduced extents of nucleoside modifications. The mia isoacceptors of tRNAPhe and one of the mutant isoacceptors of tRNATyr were highly purified for nucleoside composition analyses. The data indicate that the mutant isoacceptors are lacking some of the dihydrouridine moieties. This is consistent with our previous hypothesis that the mutant isoacceptors were accumulated due to a defect in a modification process [Lo, R.Y.C. and Bell, J.B. (1981) Current Genetics 3, 73-82). Data from in vitro poly U translation experiments also support the previous results, suggesting in vivo biological activity of these mutant tRNAs. PMID- 7038628 TI - A coupled transcription-translation system from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and its application to study Ti plasmid expression in vitro. AB - A coupled transcription-translation system was isolated from A. tumefaciens. Expression of plasmids pBR322 and pKT212 from E.coli, cloned fragments of Ti plasmid (plasmids pSS155 and pSS156) and Ti plasmid derivatives pAL2802, pAL2811, pAL2821 and pAL2832 was analysed in an A. tumefaciens cell-free system and compared with their expression in an E.coli cell-free system. New proteins of 41K and 44K appeared in A tumefaciens extracts, as the result of Ti plasmid expression. These proteins were not found in E.coli extracts. PMID- 7038627 TI - The complete nucleotide sequence of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli. AB - The tryptophan (trp) operon of Escherichia coli has become the basic reference structure for studies on tryptophan metabolism. Within the past five years the application of recombinant DNA and sequencing methodologies has permitted the characterization of the structural and functional elements in this gene cluster at the molecular level. In this summary report we present the complete nucleotide sequence for the five structural genes of the trp operon of E. coli together with the internal and flanking regions of regulatory information. PMID- 7038629 TI - [Preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of holoxan in the treatment of malignant soft tissue and bone neoplasms]. PMID- 7038630 TI - Selected list of nursing books and journals. PMID- 7038631 TI - Nursing care study: agoraphobia--an illness or a symptom? PMID- 7038632 TI - Wound care. No. 6. Wound closure. PMID- 7038633 TI - Infection control and the Renaissance. PMID- 7038635 TI - Clinical forum 3 - respiratory emergencies. Let's get physical. PMID- 7038634 TI - A clinical trial of a new ostomy appliance. PMID- 7038636 TI - History of nursing. 1. The spiritual side. PMID- 7038637 TI - Tricuspid atresia: a historical review. PMID- 7038638 TI - [Own experience with labetalol - a new adrenergic alpha and beta receptor blockader - in the treatment of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7038639 TI - [Clinical significance of asymptomatic bacteriuria in women with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7038640 TI - [Bacterial infections of the biliary tract]. PMID- 7038641 TI - [Use of ceruletide in cholecystography]. PMID- 7038642 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 7038643 TI - [Chemotactic activity of the leukocytes in the neoplastic process]. PMID- 7038644 TI - Frozen section diagnosis in tumors of the testis. Possibilities, limitations, indications. AB - When the clinical diagnosis is in doubt, biopsies obtained from areas suspicious for tumor of the testis can be examined using frozen sections after prior inguinal clamping. The correct tumor diagnosis was established in 81% of cases in the first biopsy, and in 11% in the repeat biopsy, making a total of 93% (n = 70). Frozen section examination is of considerably greater importance within the framework of lymphadenectomy in patients with non-seminomatous testicular tumours. In 1014 of such frozen section examinations, 98.4% of the frozen section findings were correct, 0.3% undecided and 1.3% false. The diagnostic sensitivity was 100%, the diagnostic specifity 98.6%, the technical sensitivity 84%, the technical specifity 99.8%. Lymph node metastases of up to 2 mm are only rarely detected by frozen section; for sizes between 2.1 and 10 mm, they are recognized in 85% of cases. In the setting of lymphadenectomy, the frozen section examination can be employed to monitor the extent of the dissection. PMID- 7038645 TI - The effect of prostacyclin on some hemodynamic parameters in dogs. AB - The following hemodynamic parameters were determined in anesthetized mongrel dogs: heart rate, systolic blood pressure in the ascending aorta, left ventricular pressure at the peak dp/dt, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, time intervals from Q in ECG to peak dp/dt, maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise, femoral arterial flow and certain indices of left ventricular contractility. It was demonstrated that prostacyclin even in high doses has no significant effect on hemodynamic parameters in dogs. PMID- 7038646 TI - [Regulation of immunological response by macrophages]. PMID- 7038647 TI - [Participation of the immunological system cells in the graft vs host reaction]. PMID- 7038648 TI - [Multispecific antibodies]. PMID- 7038649 TI - [Study of the lymphocytic receptor binding immunoglobulin G Fc fragment]. PMID- 7038650 TI - [Antineoplastic effect of L-asparaginase]. PMID- 7038651 TI - [Methods of obtaining specimens for biochemical studies of the gastric mucosa]. PMID- 7038652 TI - [Prof. Michal Laskowski (1905-1981)]. PMID- 7038653 TI - [Protein phosphorylation in the contractile apparatus of muscle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038654 TI - [Signal sequences in proteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038655 TI - [Heterogeneity of mammalian alkaline phosphatase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038656 TI - Once-daily metoprolol for hypertension. PMID- 7038658 TI - The treatment of superficial decubitus ulcers. PMID- 7038657 TI - Comparison of tolmetin sodium with indomethacin in osteoarthritis. PMID- 7038659 TI - [Microbiological diagnosis of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038660 TI - [Pseudomembranous colitis. Aetiology, clinic and treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038661 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis. PMID- 7038662 TI - [Glucagon and insulin levels in diabetes mellitus patients]. AB - Insulin and glucagon levels and their molar ratio were examined in patients with medium severity diabetes mellitus and stage I-III obesity given sugar-reducing drugs perorally. Immunoreactive insulin and immunoreactive glucagon, levels varied within broad limits, with a trend to increase in the majority of patients. Both low (1.4) and high (10.9) molar ratios of insulin and glucagon were observed (it comprised 3.4 in the control group). The degree of obesity did not always correlate with the molar ratio or with the immunoreactive insulin level. During treatment a trend for normalization of the insulin/glucagon molar ration was noted. The insulin/glucagon ratio may be used as an index of the efficacy of the treatment. PMID- 7038663 TI - [Immunoreactive luteinizing hormone in the CNS and peripheral tissues of hypophysectomized rats]. PMID- 7038664 TI - [Characteristics and tolerability of bone marrow transfusions prepared by the technic of myelokaryocytapheresis]. PMID- 7038665 TI - [Immunoenzyme analysis. Quantitative determination of immunoglobulin G in human serum]. PMID- 7038666 TI - [Effect of the serum of rats with the posterior hypothalamus nuclei destroyed on the formation of hemopoietic colonies in the spleen of fatally irradiated mice undergoing bone marrow cell transplantation]. PMID- 7038667 TI - [Age-related changes in the hemopoietic microenvironment]. PMID- 7038668 TI - [Dependence of cadaver kidney allograft survival on the ABO antigen compatibility of donor and recipient]. PMID- 7038669 TI - [Body functional characteristics in iron-deficiency anemias and iron-deficient states]. PMID- 7038670 TI - [Immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of nonspecific infection in tuberculosis]. PMID- 7038671 TI - Prevention and treatment of post-extraction complications. A comparison of the effect of Alvogyl and a new drug combination on wound healing. PMID- 7038672 TI - Crevicular thiocyanate and iodide ions: cofactors of the antimicrobial peroxidase system in leucocytes. PMID- 7038673 TI - Yeast 2-micrometer plasmid DNA replication in vitro: origin and direction. AB - Most yeast strains harbor extrachromosomal 2-micrometer DNA, and this DNA synthesis, like nuclear DNA replication, is strictly under cell cycle control. A soluble extract of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae carries out semiconservative replication of added 2-micrometer DNA and Escherichia coli chimeric plasmids containing the 2-micrometer DNA. Replication is initiated on 10% of the DNA, and one round of replication is completed. The major products in early stages of replication are theta ("eye") forms which originate 140 +/- 50 nucleotides within one of the 599-base-pair inverted repeats of 2-micrometer DNA. Their replication is bidirectional and discontinuous. Extracts prepared from the cell division cycle mutant cdc8 show temperature-sensitive 2-micrometer DNA synthesis in vitro, suggesting that this in vitro system resembles in vivo 2-micrometer plasmid DNA replication. This system should provide a useful assay for the purification and characterization of yeast DNA replication proteins. PMID- 7038674 TI - Localization of the puromycin binding site on the large ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli by immunoelectron microscopy. AB - By using immunoelectron microscopy, we have localized the binding site on 50S Escherichia coli ribosomal subunits for puromycin, an antibiotic that interacts with the ribosomal peptidyltransferase center. This was achieved by affinity labeling 50S subunits with N-bromoacetyl puromycin and treating the labeled subunits with an antibody specific for the N6,N6-dimethyladenosine moiety of puromycin. The position of the puromycin binding site was then revealed by localizing the attachment sites of the IgG molecules on the surfaces of the 50S subunits under the electron microscope: it was located at the interface between the subunits, on and around the wider lateral protuberance of the 50S subunit. This localizes directly the peptidyl transferase center on the surface of the large ribosomal subunit. PMID- 7038675 TI - Catalytic mechanism of serine proteases: reexamination of the pH dependence of the histidyl 1J13C2-H coupling constant in the catalytic triad of alpha-lytic protease. AB - L-Histidine, 90% 13C enriched at the C2 position, was incorporated into the catalytic triad of alpha-lytic protease (EC 3.4.21.12) with the aid of histidine requiring mutant of Lysobacter enzymogenes (ATC 29487), and the pH dependence of the coupling constant between this carbon atom and its directly bonded proton was reinvestigated. The high degree of specific 13C isotopic enrichment attainable with the auxotroph permits direct observation and measurement of this coupling constant in proton-coupled 13C NMR spectra at 67.89 MHz and at 15.1 MHz. In contrast to the earlier study, the present study indicate that this coupling constant does respond to a microscopic ionization with pKa near 7.0; moreover, the magnitude of the values of 1JC-H observed are in accord with those expected for titration of the histidyl residue. We conclude that the original measurement must be in error and that this coupling constant now also supports a histidyl residue that titrates more or less normally as a component of the catalytic triad of serine proteases. PMID- 7038676 TI - A "bulged" double helix in a RNA-protein contact site. AB - The binding of ribosomal protein L18 affects specific nucleotides in Escherichia coli 5S RNA as detected by dimethyl sulfate alkylation and RNase A digestion of the 5S-L18 complex. Most of the affected nucleotides are clustered and localize a site of RNA-protein interaction in and around the defined central helix [Fox, G. E. & Woese, C. (1975) Nature (London) 256, 505-507] of 5S RNA. Chemical carbethoxylation of the native 5S RNA with diethyl pyrocarbonate shows that a striking feature of this region is an unstacked adenosine residue at position 66. We propose that this residue exists as a singly bulged nucleotide extending the Fox and Woese central helix by two base pairs in the E. coli sequence (to positions 16-23/60-68) as well as in each of 61 (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) aligned 5S RNA sequences. In each case, the single bulged nucleotide is at the relative position of adenosine-66 in the RNA sequences. The presence of this putative bulged nucleotide appears to have been conserved in 5S RNA sequences throughout evolution, and its identity varies with major phylogenetic divisions. This residue is likely involved in specific 5S RNA-protein recognition or interaction in prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. The uridine-65 to adenosine 66 internucleotide bond is protected from RNase A digestion in the complex, and carbethoxylation of E. coli adenosine-66 prior to L18 binding affects formation of a stable RNA-protein complex. Thus, we identify a region of E. coli 5S RNA protected by the ribosomal protein L18 and propose that it contains a bulged nucleotide residue important in stable formation of this RNA-protein complex. This bulged residue appears to be evolutionarily conserved and phylogenetically defined in 5S RNA sequences in general, and consideration of other known RNA protein binding sites shows that such a "bulged helix" may be a common feature of RNA-protein contact sites. PMID- 7038677 TI - Ultrastructural identification of extension aminopropeptides of type I and III collagens in human skin. AB - Human skin was labeled with purified antibodies against type II and III collagens and against their extension aminopropeptides by using the ferritin technique. Both aminopropeptides were visualized mainly along thin collagenous fibrils (diameter, 20-40 nm) and rarely in nonfibrillar regions of the skin. The labeling showed a periodicity of 60-65 nm resembling the D (67 nm) stagger of collagen molecules. Blocking of antibodies with aminopropeptides and treatment of tissues with procollagen NH2-terminal protease abolished labeling. Antibodies against type I collagen uniformly labeled approximately equal to 80% of the fibrils (diameter, 20-80 nm), while reaction with antibodies against type III collagen was restricted to thin fibrils. It is currently thought that the aminopropeptides of procollagen molecules are cleaved after they are released from the cell and before fibril formation. Our data indicate that aminopropeptides are removed at the fibrillar level and that fibril growth can be regulated by extracellular procollagen processing. PMID- 7038678 TI - Nucleotide insertion in the anticodon loop of a glycine transfer RNA causes missense suppression. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequences of two unusual UGG-suppressing glycine tRNAs from Escherichia coli and, as a result, have discovered a new mechanism for the generation of missense suppressors. The suppressor tRNAs translate UGG but not UGA. Each arose as a consequence of spontaneous mutational alteration of glyT, the gene for the GGA/G-reading glycine tRNA of E. coli. In each mutant tRNA, the change in primary structure involved the insertion of an adenylate residue on the 3' side of the anticodon and the loss of a modification of the uridylate residue at the 5' end of the anticodon. A "shift" of the effective anticodon by one nucleotide in the 3' direction can account for the new coding specificity of these tRNAs. PMID- 7038679 TI - Enzymatic reduction of oxidized alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor restores biological activity. AB - The major serum inhibitor of proteolytic activity, alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha-1-PI), (or alpha-1-antitrypsin) can be readily inactivated by oxidation [Carp, H. & Janoff, A. (1978) Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 118, 617-621]. This inactivation appears to be due to the oxidation of a critical methionine(s) in alpha-1-PI that is required for the inhibition of elastase activity. An enzyme from Escherichia coli that reduces methionine sulfoxide residues in protein [Brot, N., Weissbach, L., Werth, J. & Weissbach, H. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 2155-2158] can restore the biological inhibitory activity of canine oxidized alpha-1-PI. PMID- 7038680 TI - traG protein of the F sex factor of Escherichia coli K-12 and its role in conjugation. AB - The traG protein of the F sex factor is an inner membrane protein with a molecular weight of 116,000. Mutants in traG (or in traN) are able to trigger conjugal DNA replication even though they cannot efficiently form stable mating aggregates with F(-) cells. The traG protein (and the traN protein) probably acts in the donor at the stabilization stage of conjugation. PMID- 7038681 TI - Fluoresceinated chemotactic peptide and high-affinity antifluorescein antibody as a probe of the temporal characteristics of neutrophil stimulation. AB - Antifluorescein antibody molecules were used to interrupt the stimulation of neutrophils by a fluoresceinated chemotactic peptide. From the results we construct a semiquantitative relationship among ligand-receptor interaction, the time course of cell triggering and response, and aspects of cellular adaptation. The interaction of the antibody with the free fluoresceinated peptide is complete within a few seconds and the peptide-antibody complex neither stimulates the cells nor inhibits subsequent stimulation by unlabeled peptide. When antibody is added to a cell suspension that has been stimulated with the fluoresceinated peptide, we observe that: (i) the apparent membrane depolarization response monitored by a fluorescent dye can be inhibited only if antibody is added within 30 sec of stimulation; (ii) the superoxide response can be inhibited even if antibody is added more than 1 min after stimulation and decays with an intrinsic half-life of about 12 sec; (iii) responses to a second dose of nonfluoresceinated peptide are enhanced if the antibody is added within 2 min of stimulation by the fluoresceinated peptide. These results suggest that different neutrophil responses depend in individual ways on the time course and extent of ligand binding to its receptor. A comparison of these data with the time course of binding permits an estimate of the number of receptors involved in these responses. PMID- 7038682 TI - Chemical heterogeneity in cerebellar Purkinje cells: existence and coexistence of glutamic acid decarboxylase-like and motilin-like immunoreactivities. AB - Purkinje neurons of the cerebellar cortex from a chemically and morphologically heterogeneous population containing some members that have gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), others that have immunoreactivity for motilin, and a small number that have both. The remaining 30-40% of all Purkinje cells have neither of these two neuroactive substances, leaving possibilities for other transmitter candidates. The evidence was compiled from double-staining immunocytochemical procedures performed on single sections of the cerebellum and brain stem in rat, mouse, and monkey. Two polyclonal antibodies were applied in succession, one directed against the midregion and COOH terminus of the 22-amino acid polypeptide motilin and the other against glutamic acid decarboxylase (glutamate decarboxylase; L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.15), the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter GABA. The staining combinations employed the immunoperoxidase method, with different chromogens for distinguishing the motilin-like immunoreactivity from glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity by different colors, or the immunoperoxidase method for one antiserum and immunofluorescence for the other. The locations of both motilin and GABA cell types were mapped. The recognition of motilin in Purkinje cells calls for experimental definition of the role of this substance in the cerebellum and for reevaluation of the roles of Purkinje cells and of GABA in cerebellar function. The significant motilin representation in the flocculus, paraflocculus, and vermis suggests that it may be the Purkinje cell mediative chemical in the vestibular parts of the cerebellum. However, the presence of GABA as well in the same regions indicates that the chemical preference may be at least bimodal. PMID- 7038683 TI - Assembly map of the large subunit (50S) of Escherichia coli ribosomes. AB - Stoichiometric amounts of ribosomal proteins and RNA derived from the 50S subunit reconstitute to fully active particles under the conditions of a two-step incubation procedure. After the first incubation, all components are found in a particle that is activated in the second incubation [Dohme, F. & Nierhaus, K. H. (1976) J. Mol. Biol. 107, 585-599]. Here we describe the assembly dependences of the ribosomal components in the first incubation. Assembly dependence is the requirements of one protein that, before it binds, another must be first built into the ribosome. After incubation of 23S RNA and the proteins under observation, the mixture was subjected to sucrose gradient analysis. The RNA protein complex was precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and the proteins were identified by NaDodSO4 gel electrophoresis. The assembly dependences of 26 proteins could be elucidated. In a second series of experiments, the incorporation of 3H-labeled 5S RNA in the 23S-protein complex was analyzed. It was found that L5, L15, and L18 are absolutely required for 5S RNA incorporation. In addition, two of the three proteins L2, L3, and L4 are needed, in excellent agreement with the protein dependences. The data are summarized in an assembly map. Comparison with other data shows a structural domain at the 5' end of 23S RNA around protein L20 combining all proteins essential in the early assembly. All the proteins essential for the reconstitution of the peptidyltransferase protein form a skeleton of strong assembly dependences. Finally, L proteins whose genes are present in large transcriptional units on the chromosome depend on each other during assembly. PMID- 7038684 TI - Presecretory and cytoplasmic invertase polypeptides encoded by distinct mRNAs derived from the same structural gene differ by a signal sequence. AB - Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain FH4C carries a single invertase structural gene, SUC2, but produces distinct invertase mRNAs and polypeptides for the secreted and cytoplasmic forms of the enzyme. The two major invertase cell-free translation products are polypeptides of 60,000 daltons (p60) and 62,000 daltons (p62) and correspond to the nonglycosylated cytoplasmic form of invertase and the precursor of glycosylated secreted invertase, respectively. This paper describes amino acid sequence and peptide map analyses of invertase polypeptides. The peptide maps demonstrate that p62, p60, and the in vivo secreted polypeptide have significant structural homology. Sequence analysis, however, revealed differences between p62 and p60 at their amino termini. p62 contains an amino-terminal signal sequence of 19 amino acid residues that is specifically cleaved during secretion in a cell free system to generate the secreted 87,000-dalton invertase glycopeptide gp87. This signal sequence is not present in p60. p60 synthesis begins with a methionine which can be aligned with a methionine at residue 21 in p 62. During translation, the p60 initiator methionine is removed and the newly generated amino terminus is acetylated. Based on peptide map similarities, partial amino terminal sequence data, and common genetic origin, it is suggested that p60 and p62 have identical amino acid sequences carboxy-terminal to the p60 initiator methionine (residue 21 of p62). The reciprocal correlations of signal sequence with secretion and absence of signal sequence with cytoplasmic localization provide proof of the signal hypothesis for secreted proteins. Two mechanisms are proposed for the derivation of p60 and p62 from a single structural gene: alternative promoter sites, and differential processing of a single primary transcript. PMID- 7038685 TI - Localization of genes for the double-stranded RNA killer virus of yeast. AB - The M double-stranded RNA (ds RNA) genome segment of the cytoplasmically inherited killer virus of yeast codes for two polypeptides when denatured and translated in vitro: a previously known 32,000-dalton peptide and a newly discovered 19,000-dalton peptide (NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). An internal 190-base-pair region of the ds RNA is selectively degraded by S1 nuclease treatment at 65 degrees C, resulting in two ds RNA fragments which contain the termini of the original ds RNA. The larger fragment codes for the 32,000-dalton polypeptide and the smaller fragment codes for the 19,000-dalton polypeptide. Thus, the two gene products of M are encoded by distinct regions of this ds RNA. PMID- 7038686 TI - Microtubules and microfilaments in fixed and permeabilized cells are selectively decorated by nerve growth factor. AB - A specific antibody against nerve growth factor (NGF) and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy have been used to follow the in vitro binding of NGF to cells made permeable to large molecules. All cells tested, both target (sensory neurons and PCI2 cells) and nontarget (3T3, BKH 2I, C6 glioma cells), revealed a decoration of cytoskeletal structures which on the basis of their form, reactivity with antibodies, and sensitivity to specific drugs may be identified as microtubules (MTs) and microfilaments (MFs). The decoration of either structure depends on the fixation and permeabilization conditions: MFs, in the form of stress fibers, are stained by NGF when the plasma membrane is permeabilized with methanol/acetone; MTs become intensely stained when the plasma membrane is solubilized with a nonionic detergent in the presence of a MT stabilizing medium. The two procedures do not affect the staining of these structures with specific antibodies. Binding of 125I-labeled NGF to PCI2 cells was not competitively inhibited by a 100-fold excess of several positively charged proteins but it was markedly decreased in the presence of DNase I. 125I Labeled NGF interacted with MTs and F-actin (fixed with paraformaldehyde) in a range of concentrations similar to that used for their cellular localization with NGF-anti-NGF. Our studies show that the specificity and affinity of NGF binding to MTs and MFs is in the range of that of antibodies against tubulin and actin. The possible relevance of these findings to the mechanism of action of NGF in target cells is discussed. PMID- 7038687 TI - Genetic control of heat-shock protein synthesis and its bearing on growth and thermal resistance in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - When Escherichia coli cells grown at 30 degrees C are transferred to 42 degrees C, synthesis of several polypeptides is markedly and transiently induced. A temperature-sensitive nonsense mutant (tsn-K165) of E. coli K-12 is found to be defective in the induction of these proteins. mRNA for one major heat-shock polypeptide (groE protein) tested is induced in the wild type but not in the mutant upon temperature shift. Hence, the mutation defines a (regulatory) gene, designated hin (heat shock induction), whose product is required for active transcription of a set of heat-inducible operons in E. coli. The results reported herein suggest that the heat-shock polypeptides controlled by the hin gene play an important role in cell growth at high temperature. The possible involvement of the hin gene product in protection against thermal killing is also discussed. PMID- 7038688 TI - Isolation and chromosomal localization of unique DNA sequences from a human genomic library. AB - Recombinant bacteriophage lambda from a human genomic library were screened to indentify human DNA inserts having only unique sequences. Unique human inserts were found in about 1% of the phage screened. One recombinant phage, P3-2, was studied in detail. It contains a human insert of 14.7 kilobases with four internal EcoRI cleavage sites. A restriction map was constructed for EcoRI and BamHI sites. Hybridization of the 32P-labeled P3-2 probe to a Southern blot of EcoRI-digested total human DNA yielded distinct bands at positions corresponding to the human insert fragments contained in P3-2. By using a series of human Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids containing unique combinations of human chromosomes, the human DNA segment in phage P3-2 was assigned to human chromosome 22 by blot hybridization and synteny analysis. In addition, another human DNA segment, 11.4 kilobases, in phage P3-10 was assigned to human chromosome 10 by similar procedures. With this approach, more unique DNA sequences can be isolated, assigned to specific human chromosomes, and used as genetic markers for gene mapping and linkage, polymorphism, and other genetic studies in the human genome. PMID- 7038689 TI - Lipoprotein lipase suppression in 3T3-L1 cells by an endotoxin-induced mediator from exudate cells. AB - Conditioned medium from cultures of mouse peritoneal exudate cells incubated wih endotoxin contains a mediator that markedly suppresses (greater than 90%) lipoprotein lipase (triacylglycero-protein acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.34) activity in differentiating 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes. The effect is dependent upon the amount of mediator and is evident as early as 30 min after the addition of the mediator-containing medium to 3T3-L1 cell cultures. Neither endotoxin nor conditioned medium from cultures of exudate cells not exposed to endotoxin shows the presence of the mediator. Lysates of the exudate cells are also unable to suppress the lipase activity. Increasing the amount of insulin does not reverse this suppression, even at 1000 times the concentration used for standard experiments. The lipoprotein lipase suppression mediator present in the conditioned medium of endotoxin-treated exudate cells is heat labile and has an apparent molecular weight of at least 12,000. The mediator does not inhibit lipoprotein lipase activity directly nor does it affect the half-life of enzyme activity released in the medium. The present study demonstrates that endotoxin promotes the release of a mediator from exudate cells that suppresses the activity of lipoprotein lipase in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. PMID- 7038690 TI - Determinants of the selective toxicity of alloxan to the pancreatic B cell. AB - The diabetogenic agent alloxan exerts a preferential cytotoxic effect on the pancreatic B cell. The determinants of such a tissue specificity were investigated. Alloxan accumulated rapidly in liver and pancreatic islets but much more slowly in muscle. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and the resistance to exogenous peroxide were approximately 20 times higher in liver and kidney than in islets, intermediate values being found in exocrine pancreas and muscle. These findings suggest that the selective cytotoxicity of alloxan to the pancreatic B cell is attributable to the conjunction of two features: a rapid cellular uptake of the drug and an exquisite sensitivity of the B cell to peroxide. PMID- 7038691 TI - Antihypertensive effect of captopril in turkeys. PMID- 7038692 TI - Renin and inactive renin in human amnion at term pregnancy. PMID- 7038693 TI - Circadian changes in plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration in one-kidney hypertensive rats. PMID- 7038694 TI - Pregnancy vs pseudopregnancy in the induction of hypertension and arteriosclerosis in Sprague-Dawley rats. PMID- 7038695 TI - Increased phagocytosis of Escherichia coli pretreated with subinhibitory concentrations of cyclacillin or ampicillin. PMID- 7038696 TI - Comparison of systemic and uterine effects of relaxin and insulin in alloxan treated, hyperglycemic rats. PMID- 7038697 TI - Endotoxin interaction with canine platelets fails to stimulate thromboxane production. PMID- 7038698 TI - A picture of the career of a prominent biomedical investigator from the 1930's to the 1980's. PMID- 7038699 TI - Biochemistry of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. PMID- 7038700 TI - The right to privacy when lives are at stake. Case for discussion. PMID- 7038701 TI - Absorption mechanisms for fat-soluble vitamins and the effect of other food constituents. PMID- 7038702 TI - Zinc deficiency in human subjects. PMID- 7038703 TI - Biochemical roles of trace elements. PMID- 7038704 TI - Iron fortification in developing countries. PMID- 7038705 TI - Changing food patterns. PMID- 7038706 TI - Nutrition interventions: problems associated with expanding pilot/demonstration projects into national-level programs. PMID- 7038707 TI - Female incontinence. Evaluations: Where have we been? Where are we? Where should we go from here? PMID- 7038708 TI - Microcomputer controlled urodynamic diagnostic system. PMID- 7038709 TI - The urodynamic and subjective results of treatment of detrusor instability with oxybutynin chloride. PMID- 7038710 TI - Treatment of unstable detrusor (irritable bladder) using fluphenazine and nortriptyline: progress report. PMID- 7038711 TI - The treatment of incontinence due to detrusor instability by bladder drill. PMID- 7038712 TI - The biological activity of the synthetic polyanion, pyran copolymer (diveema, MVE, 46015) and the heterocyclic bis DEAE fluorenone derivative, tilorone and congeners: clinical and laboratory effects of these agents as modulators of host resistance. PMID- 7038713 TI - The properties of brain nicotine receptors. PMID- 7038714 TI - Legionella toxin. PMID- 7038715 TI - Drug interactions at excretory mechanisms. PMID- 7038716 TI - Drug interactions occurring during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7038717 TI - The disulfiram and calcium carbimide acetaldehyde-mediated ethanol reactions. PMID- 7038718 TI - Clinical applications of the dexamethasone suppression test for endogenous depression. AB - The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was developed from the neuroendocrine research strategy to provide indirect information about the integrity of the limbic system in patients with endogenous depression (ED). Abnormal test results occur in close temporal relationship to clinical episodes of ED, but not during the intervals between episodes. The neuroendocrine disinhibition revealed by the test is not a trait marker of individuals predisposed to develop ED. A standardized DST procedure has been established and can be applied in outpatient or inpatient routine clinical practice, with good sensitivity (50-65%) and high specificity (96%). The conditional probability principles of interpreting the test results are discussed and the effect of prevalence on the predictive value of the test results is emphasized. The DST should not be used as a screening test for all psychiatric patients but should be reserved for cases where clinical indications for its use are present. These indications include diagnostic confirmation of ED, monitoring the response to treatment, prediction of relapse or new episodes, and possibly prediction of suicide risk in patients with ED. The test may be especially useful in the diagnostic assessment of patients with difficult or confusing presentations of ED such as catatonia, depressive pseudodementia, depression in adolescents or children, "masked" depression, depression complicated by a personality disorder, and schizoaffective depression. PMID- 7038719 TI - Circadian rhythm mechanisms in affective illness and in antidepressant drug action. PMID- 7038720 TI - High-affinity 3H-imipramine binding: a new biological marker in depression. AB - High-affinity binding of the tricyclic antidepressant drug, 3H-imipramine, has been demonstrated in the brain of various species including man. These specific binding sites have many of the characteristics to be expected for the specific site of action of a drug and appear to be associated with the neuronal uptake mechanism for serotonin. Chronic administration of tricyclic antidepressant drugs or the prolonged application of other antidepressant therapies, such as electroshock and sleep-deprivation, resulted in decreases in the density of 3H imipramine binding sites. Apparently identical 3H-imipramine binding sites have been found in blood platelets from a variety of species including man. Clinical studies have shown that untreated severely depressed patients have a lower density of binding sites in their platelets than control volunteers. Longitudinal studies of these patients indicate that the density of 3H-imipramine binding sites tends not to change during treatment with tricyclic antidepressant drugs and the subsequent recovery from depression. 3H-imipramine binding in brain and platelets is proposed as a new biological marker in depression and as a useful research tool in biochemical and clinical pharmacological studies in affective disorders. PMID- 7038721 TI - The effect of membrane fatty acid composition on the near-UV (300-400 nm) sensitivity of Escherichia coli K1060. PMID- 7038722 TI - Effect of liquid holding on the repair of photoinduced damages in acriflavine sensitized Escherichia coli cells. PMID- 7038723 TI - Effects of small basolateral amygdala lesions on ingestion in the rat. PMID- 7038725 TI - Long-term effects of insulin in weanling rats with dorsomedial hypothalamic hypophagia: food intake, efficiency of food utilization, body weight and composition. PMID- 7038724 TI - Hypotension and thirst in rats after phentolamine treatment. PMID- 7038726 TI - Postabsorptive hyperinsulinemia in rats with subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. PMID- 7038727 TI - Female sexual behaviour in the GnRH deficient, hypogonadal (hpg) mouse. PMID- 7038728 TI - Perfusion of small animals using a mini-peristaltic pump. PMID- 7038729 TI - Generation time-prolonging R plasmids: correlation between increases in the generation time of Escherichia coli caused by R plasmids and their molecular size. PMID- 7038730 TI - [Structural relations between secondary metabolites from plants and animals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038731 TI - Late posttraumatic enophthalmos: a correctable deformity? AB - Long-established posttraumatic enophthalmos with a seeing eye is a correctable deformity. A method utilizing principles of craniofacial surgery is described that provides the advantages of (1) wide exposure, (2) free mobilization of the displaced zygoma, (3) direct inspection of the orbital defect, and (4) restoration of the balance between the orbital contents and bony surroundings, which allows (5) the permanent correction of traumatic enophthalmos using autogenous material. PMID- 7038732 TI - Resection of a giant ossifying fibroma through an intraoral approach in a 9-year old child: immediate reconstruction and 6-year cephalometric follow-up. AB - An unusual opportunity was afforded to study the growth and development of the facial structures of a 9-year-old child who underwent major mandibular reconstruction. The longitudinal studies confirmed the present concepts of the factors responsible for mandibular growth as well as their repercussions on other facial structures. An intraoral subperiosteal resection of a major portion of the right hemimandible sparing the upper part of the mandibular ramus was required to eradicate a large ossifying fibroma. An iliac bone graft consisting of the outer table of cortical bone and cancellous bone was placed within the mucoperiosteal sac to repair the defect. It also was used to control the ramus remnant. The patient was followed for 6 years. The growth of the reconstructed mandible was in effect nearly symmetrical with the unaffected contralateral portion of the mandible, resulting in minimal facial asymmetry. The mucoperiosteum provided a vascular bed for the bone graft and the buccal sulcus was preserved, thus providing a retentive ridge and sulcus for a denture without the need to perform a skin or mucosal graft inlay procedure. The symmetrical growth of the mandible is attributed to the growth of the ramus by remodeling, resorption, deposition, and relocation and by the muscle-bone interface (the functional matrix). PMID- 7038733 TI - Application of the halo apparatus in the treatment of the scalp avulsion victim. PMID- 7038734 TI - Microvascular transplantation of prefabricated free thigh flap. PMID- 7038735 TI - [Use of the alveolar ridge as an element capable of improving retention, stability and esthetics of a removable prosthesis. Case report]. PMID- 7038736 TI - [Use of a verticulator in the construction of crowns and fixed partial dentures]. PMID- 7038737 TI - [Design--removable partial prosthesis clasps (III)]. PMID- 7038738 TI - [Margins]. PMID- 7038739 TI - Growth of spermatogenetic colonies in the mouse testis after irradiation with fission neutrons. PMID- 7038740 TI - Thermal enhancement of X-ray-induced DNA crosslinking. PMID- 7038741 TI - The response of the granulocytic progenitor cells (CFU-C) of blood and bone marrow in dogs exposed to low doses of X irradiation. PMID- 7038742 TI - Influence of the circadian rhythm in cell division on radiation-induced mitotic delay in vivo. PMID- 7038743 TI - Further studies on Cerenkov-induced photoreactivatable damage in E. coli. PMID- 7038744 TI - Genetic component in rat mammary carcinogenesis. PMID- 7038745 TI - Is radiation-generated aqueous electron-type damage repaired by the recombinational repair pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae? PMID- 7038746 TI - Effects of nitrous Oxide on the radiation sensitivity of Escherichia coli in the presence and absence of NPPN. PMID- 7038747 TI - Assessment of the oxygen effect, and oxygen modification of OH. damage, on radiation-induced lethality and gene conversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7038748 TI - Effect of X irradiation on release of prostaglandin E from marrow stromal cells in culture. PMID- 7038749 TI - Effects of piperazinedione (NSC 135785) plus irradiation on endogenous CFU-S, intestinal crypts, and as a possible ablative protocol for marrow transplantation as evaluated in Rauscher leukemic mice. PMID- 7038750 TI - CFU-S repopulation after low-dose whole-body radiation. PMID- 7038751 TI - Causes of death and their contribution to radiation-induced life shortening in intact and ovariectomized mice. PMID- 7038752 TI - Neptunium--the neglected actinide: a review of the biological and environmental literature. PMID- 7038753 TI - A rapid-mixing system for radiobiological studies using mammalian cells. PMID- 7038754 TI - A rapid-mixing comparison of the mechanisms of radiosensitization by oxygen and misonidazole in CHO cells. PMID- 7038755 TI - Dose-mortality relationships in RFM mice following 137Cs gamma-ray irradiation. PMID- 7038756 TI - [Distribution of hematopoietic colonies of different types in the bone marrow and spleen of irradiated rats and mice]. PMID- 7038757 TI - Whole body nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 7038758 TI - Plain words on planes and sections. PMID- 7038759 TI - The role of hospice in the care of terminally ill patients. AB - Modern radiologic technologists are becoming more involved with total patient care. One method of furthering involvement is the knowledge of organizations which provide services that benefit patients. Hospice is one organization which provides service to terminally ill patients. Knowledge about hospice by health care givers would be beneficial to patients, patient care, and patients' families. This paper will present the history of hospice and a discussion of the goals and types of hospices as information for health care givers. PMID- 7038760 TI - [The course of American radiology to its present position]. PMID- 7038761 TI - [The value of ultrasound evaluation in the diagnosis and therapy of abdominal aortic aneurysms. A review (author's transl)]. AB - Facilities and limitations of ultrasonography (US) applied to the abdominal aorta are demonstrated. The importance of US in establishing the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is assessed and compared with the results of other imaging diagnostic procedures. In cooperation with the vascular surgeon the value of these different diagnostic approaches and its influence to therapeutic decisions is outlined. Based on a modern surgical approach the range of order for the use of the various diagnostic methods depending on the clinical stage of AAA is presented. The cost-benefit relationship will be considered also. PMID- 7038762 TI - The renal sinus during allograft rejection: sonographic and histopathologic findings. AB - In fourteen renal allografts, the sonographic appearance of the renal sinus was correlated with the histopathologic findings. In each allograft specimen, the histologic changes in the renal sinus were compared with those in the renal cortex. Except for one case (hyperacute rejection), the histologic rejection changes were of similar severity within the cortex and renal sinus. When the renal sinus histologic changes of rejection were considered to be minimal (three patients), the sonographic appearance of the renal sinus was classified as normal. With moderate histologic changes in the renal sinus (five patients), the sonographic findings in four patients were considered moderate, with a change in spatial distribution resulting in a coarse and uneven distribution of renal sinus echoes. When the renal sinus histologic changes of rejection were interpreted as severe (six patients), the sonographic findings were similarly more advanced. Except for a very few intense echoes distributed in an irregular pattern, the area of the renal sinus blended with the adjacent parenchyma. The study demonstrated a good correlation between histology and sonography of the renal sinus during allograft rejection, and promises reliable prediction of the severity of the rejection process using a noninvasive, rapid, and relatively simple approach. PMID- 7038763 TI - Principles of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 7038764 TI - Simultaneous bi-plane digital video-fluoroscopy. AB - A prototype system for digital subtraction angiography that is capable of acquiring digitized video-fluoroscopic images simultaneously from both anterior and lateral imaging chains of a conventional bi-plane system was developed. A hardware module that takes images from both the anterior and lateral video cameras and displays them both on a single video image prior to digitization was designed and constructed. The three-dimensional information provided by a digital bi-plane images should improve the accuracy of cardiac-ventricular function studies. In addition, bi-plane imaging should reduce the need for additional views and the associated repeated injections of contrast media. With this technique, digital bi-plane imaging can be carried out with commercially available systems without duplication of the digital-processing chain. PMID- 7038765 TI - A stereotactic adapter compatible with computed tomography. PMID- 7038766 TI - The contractile behavior of the heart and its functional coupling to the circulation. PMID- 7038767 TI - Vascular hemodynamic impedance measurement. PMID- 7038768 TI - [Prosthetic principles for the construction of permanent prostheses for intraosseous implants]. PMID- 7038769 TI - [Diagnostic tests for oral mucous membranes and their usefulness in dentistry]. PMID- 7038771 TI - [Ergonomic evaluation of the preparation of prosthetic replacements]. PMID- 7038770 TI - [Prosthetic classification of partial edentulousness]. PMID- 7038772 TI - [Principles of standardization for complete denture preparation]. PMID- 7038773 TI - [Determination of relative fluidity of high-melting-point alloys used in dental prosthetics]. PMID- 7038774 TI - [Surgical preparation of the oral cavity for prosthetic treatment. I]. PMID- 7038775 TI - Central cardiovascular and thermal effects of prostacyclin in rats. PMID- 7038777 TI - Prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 release in isolated rat lungs. AB - The influence of platelets and platelet membranes on the generation of prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) by isolated rat lung and porcine aortic endothelial cell, as measured by RIA of their stable end-products, 6-oxo PGF1 alpha and TXB2 respectively, was studied. After introduction of either aspirin-treated platelets or membranes from aspirin-treated platelets to the perfusate, a 5-fold increase in the amount of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 in the perfusate was observed. Treatment of the lung with aspirin produced a 50% reduction in the platelet-stimulated release of PGI2 and TXA2. Treatment of the lung with the phospholipase inhibitor, mepacrine, significantly reduced the platelet-stimulated release of PGI2 and TXA2. Incubation of endothelial cells with untreated platelet membranes did not alter the generation of PGI2. These results suggest that platelet-stimulated release of PGI2 and TXA2 occurs via mechanical stimulation of phospholipase A2, liberating arachidonic acid. PMID- 7038776 TI - A comparison of the effects of prostacyclin and 6-keto-prostaglandin E1 on renin release in the isolated rat and rabbit kidney. AB - A direct comparison of the relative potencies of the prostaglandins PGI2 and 6 keto-PGE1 to induce renin release was made in the isolated rat kidney, which was perfused with a synthetic medium at constant perfusion pressure. Both prostaglandins stimulated renin release in a dose-dependent manner (0.01 to 1 microM) and with equal potency. Also in the isolated rabbit kidney, PGI2 and 6 keto-PGE1 had the same potency to induce renin release at 1 microM final concentration. Following infusion of 6-keto-PGE1 a small increase of vascular resistance in the rat kidney was observed, whereas in the rabbit kidney no constrictor effect was seen. When perfusates of PGI2 or 6-keto-PGE1-infused rat kidneys were tested for antiaggregatory activity in the ADP induced aggregation of human platelets and compared with authentic standards, the results showed 6 keto-PGE1 passes the kidney essentially unchanged, whereas only 25-40% of the infused PGI2 appear in the venous perfusates, as judged from the recovery of antiaggregatory activity. Analysis of venous perfusates from 3H-PGI2 infused kidneys by high performance liquid chromatography indicates that about 25% of the infused PGI2 remains intact, a major portion of the perfused radioactivity was identified as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by combined gas chromatography-mass-spectrometry (19). We conclude that the renin-stimulating effect of PGI2 is not secondary to its metabolism to 6-keto-PGE1, as has been suggested in the literature (8). PMID- 7038778 TI - [The analytical methods for radium in environmental samples (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038779 TI - Mutagenicity studies on alcohol extracts from gamma-irradiated potatoes. AB - The alcohol extracts freshly prepared from gamma-irradiated potatoes were examined for their mutagenic activity in bacterial and mammalian cell systems. Negative results were obtained from all following test systems: Mutation assays with Salmonella typhimurium His- strains such as TA 100, TA 98, TA 1535, TA 1537, and streptomycin-dependent mutant (SMd) strain, TA 100-10, inductests with Escherichia coli strains, K 12 GY 5027 and K 12 C600, chromosomal aberration tests with Chinese hamster cells in culture, as well as micronucleus tests in mice. In addition, no difference in the mutagenic activities was found between extracts prepared from the irradiated and the unirradiated potatoes, suggesting that no mutagenic substance was produced in potatoes following gamma-irradiation. PMID- 7038780 TI - [The influence of whole body 60Co-irradiation on distribution of 67Ga in tumor bearing mice (author's transl)]. AB - Since the initial findings that 67Ga has a preferential affinity of soft tissue tumors, in humans numerous suggestions have been advanced for the basic mechanism involved. The effects produced by whole-body X-irradiation on the excretion and tissue distribution of 67Ga have been reported by Swartzendruber and others. Bradley and coworkers have shown that these irradiation effects were associated with an increase in serum iron. The present investigation was undertaken in order to study the relationships between the change in the serum iron concentration and 67Ga accumulation in the tumor and soft tissues in mice bearing Ehrlich's ascites tumor. The following results were obtained. (1) The serum iron concentration was significantly decreased between 3 and 6 hours after 10 Gy (1,000 rad) dose whole body 60Co-irradiation. Subsequently, the serum iron levels were slowly elevated. (2) The uptake of 67GA in the tumor and soft tissues increased if the serum iron concentration was decreased by whole-body 60Co-irradiation during the early phase. On the contrary, if the serum iron concentration was high, the uptake of 67Ga in the tumor was decreased. (3) The excretion of 67Ga from the body was delayed if the serum iron concentration was decreased by whole-body 60Co irradiation. However, if the serum iron concentration was high, the excretion of 67Ga from the body significantly increased. PMID- 7038781 TI - [Application of nuclear techniques in geotechnical engineering (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038782 TI - [Ocular toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 7038783 TI - [Radiological study of skull 1 of the necropolis of Madonna delle Grazie at Mirabella Eclano (Avellino)]. PMID- 7038784 TI - [Antibiotics in the treatment of periodontal disease. Bibliographic review]. PMID- 7038785 TI - [Can phosphatidyl sulfocholine, the sulfonium analog of lecithin, efficiently replace lecithin in natural membranes?]. AB - Lecithin does not exist in the marine diatom, Nitzschia alba, being completely replaced by phosphatidylsulfocholine (PSC), the sulfonium analogue of phosphatidylcholine (PC). Thus, the question arises: how can PSC effectively replace lecithin in a natural membrane? We have compared the physical properties of a homologous series of synthetic PSC's (di - 14:0, di- 16:0, di- 18:0, di 18:1) in aqueous dispersion with those of a similar series of PC's. The PSC's formed liposomes having similar properties to those of the PC's. However, the saturated PSC homologues showed main transition temperatures 2-4 degrees C above those of the corresponding PC's as measured by differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence polarization or electron paramagnetic resonance. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the two types of membranes with respect to their permeability to urea or 6-carboxyfluorescein either in the presence or absence of cholesterol. We have also shown that yeast cells can grow and survive in spite of a complete replacement of PC by PSC in their membranes. The sulfonium analogue of lecithin would appear to be able to replace PC in natural membranes because of the similarity in their physical properties. PMID- 7038786 TI - [Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome or Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 7038787 TI - [Detection of anti-Legionella pneumophila microagglutinating antibodies and their epidemiological significance]. PMID- 7038788 TI - [Spontaneous meningitis caused by Gram-negative bacilli]. PMID- 7038789 TI - [Bone marrow insufficiency in the development of falciparum malaria]. PMID- 7038790 TI - [Pulmonary complications in falciparum malaria]. PMID- 7038791 TI - [Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Intermediate hosts in the 2 Havana provinces]. PMID- 7038792 TI - [Some aspects of the zoogeography and ecology of the family Helicinidae (Prosobranchia-Archaeogastropoda) in Cuba]. PMID- 7038793 TI - [Application and evaluation of indirect hemagglutination in mass screening for African trypanosomiasis caused by T. gambiense]. PMID- 7038794 TI - [Triatoma flavida (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). I. Biometric study of larvae]. PMID- 7038795 TI - [Myocardiopathy in a patient with loaiasis. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 7038796 TI - [Bradybaena similaris (Ferussac): intermediate host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Cuba]. PMID- 7038797 TI - [Choice of a direct diagnostic technic for filariasis]. PMID- 7038798 TI - [Infectious Escherichia coli enteritis in calves on a ranch in Mali]. PMID- 7038799 TI - [Significance of the inclination of condylar trajectory in dental and periodontal rehabilitation]. PMID- 7038800 TI - [Possible dentistry]. PMID- 7038801 TI - [Natural history of hepatic cirrhosis: personal experience in 371 cases]. PMID- 7038802 TI - [Description of the immune complexes in the prodromic phase of hepatitis caused by the B virus]. PMID- 7038803 TI - [Malformations of the neural tube and vitamins: possible prevention?]. PMID- 7038804 TI - [Bronchiolo-alveolar changes in smokers]. PMID- 7038805 TI - Distribution, transport, and fate of the insecticides malathion and parathion in the environment. PMID- 7038806 TI - An experimental study of respiratory reanimation of piglets following standardized near-drowning in fresh or salt-water. PMID- 7038807 TI - Persistent apex to base gradients of aerosol deposition in rats. PMID- 7038808 TI - [Epidemiology of nutritional disorders. III. Data on the epidemiology of hyperlipoproteinemia]. PMID- 7038809 TI - [Central immunological cytopenia]. PMID- 7038810 TI - [Medical intervention and community attitude in suicidal behavior]. PMID- 7038811 TI - [Primary hepatic tuberculosis]. PMID- 7038812 TI - [Historiography]. PMID- 7038813 TI - [Single-radial immunohemolysis in agarose gel as a new method of diagnosing viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases]. PMID- 7038814 TI - [Gallium scanning in the diagnosis and treatment of renal abscess (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038815 TI - [Treatment of acoustic traumatism with injectable vincamine. Random double blind clinical trial with a complementary comparative element (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038816 TI - [Hormonal contraceptive therapy and thromboembolic disease]. AB - A group of 55 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 25 healthy persons is studied. In peripheral blood, the number of E rosettes is similar in both groups but in patients with RA who are not on steroid therapy, these is a decreased number of the absolute value of T lymphocytes. There is a positive correlation between quantitative cellular immunity and different biologic and clinical parameters. PMID- 7038817 TI - [4 precursors of Spanish science of our times]. PMID- 7038818 TI - [Laparotomies in gynecology using the Joel Cohen technic]. PMID- 7038819 TI - [Current status of noninvasive testing in cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 7038820 TI - [Terminal innervation in 3 cases of leprous neuropathy (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of leprosy are reported. In all patients, the diagnosis was made by finding Hansen bacilli in skin lesions, nasal secretions and ears, and the immunological typing of leprosy was established. Conduction velocity of motor and sensory nerves was measured and muscle biopsies were obtained. Histochemical typing of muscle fibers and measurement of the terminal innervation ratio of motor axon vitally stained with methylene blue were performed. A subclinical involvement of peripheral motor nerves was demonstrated by these investigations. PMID- 7038821 TI - [Nosological situation of Fisher's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038822 TI - Hormonal coordination of the immune response. PMID- 7038823 TI - Factors influencing renal sodium reabsorption in volume expansion. PMID- 7038824 TI - [Effect of the resection of native kidneys in transplant recipients with malignant hypertension]. PMID- 7038826 TI - [Things are numbers]. PMID- 7038825 TI - Two faces of molecular biology: revolution and normal science. PMID- 7038827 TI - [Hydrocephalus associated with craniostenosis. Description of 3 cases and review of the literature]. PMID- 7038828 TI - A dissecting view on the role of the fatty streak in the pathogenesis of human atherosclerosis: culprit or bystander? PMID- 7038829 TI - [Historical notes on the existence and role of the Disse-bile capillary shunt in bile secretion and in the pathogenesis of jaundice]. PMID- 7038830 TI - [Experimental study of the inducing action of streptococcal pathogenic factors on immunity and cellular autoimmunity]. AB - Rabbits issued from a closed colony which was genetically homogenous were used to investigate the capacity of streptolysin O and streptococcal M-protein to induce both cellular immune and autoimmune responses with respect to autologous cardiac tissue. The presence of immune response was indicated by positive responses of two tests of cellular immunity: blastogenesis of splenic T lymphocytes and inhibition of splenic macrophage migration. By thing into account that a nonspecific direct effect is produced by certain components of the streptococcal cell wall (lipoteichoic acid) but not by streptolysin O or M-protein on splenic lymphocytes, and according to the data on the modifications of lymphocyte populations during the autoimmune processes, it was possible to presume that anti cardiac autoimmunity was as much due to a modification of cardiac tissue towards "non-self" status caused by experimental inductive factors as to he presence of a functional imbalance of the immunomodulatory lymphocyte system due to a predominance of auxiliary T lymphocytes. PMID- 7038832 TI - [Acute Yersinia pseudotuberculosis arthritis. 2 new cases]. PMID- 7038831 TI - [Immunofluorescence of the synovial membrane. Study of 100 cases]. AB - A study of the use of immunofluorescence of synovial membranes in one hundred cases of various arthropathies reveals the value of the cytoplasmic localization of immune deposits and their type (Ig) in orienting the diagnosis, the influence of therapy, the lack of correlation with optical anatomopathology of synovial tissue (performed on another tissue fragment). Certain recurrent images such as fluorescence of blood vessel walls or the presence of fibrin are of little interest; other such as the cytoplasmic fluorescence of infiltrating cells and particularly, IgG-IgM mixed cellular fluorescence or coupled fluorescence cellular with Ig and interstitial granular with Ig and C3 orientate the diagnosis to RA. Immunofluorescence appears to be of interest for inflammatory monoarthritis and probable RA. It is less interesting when the etiological context is limited. In addition, a negative immunofluorescent study does not rule out any diagnosis. PMID- 7038833 TI - [Experimental arthrosis]. PMID- 7038834 TI - [Attempt at controlling Hymenolepis nana by repeated clinical treatments with praziquantel, in a confined community]. PMID- 7038835 TI - [Surgical intermaxillary dislocation. Indications and technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038836 TI - [Some methods of the medieval treatment practised by Master Rhazes and Master Salicetti. II. Achievements and failures of medieval healers]. PMID- 7038837 TI - Contribution to the study of pharmacological effect on disorders in circulation of the perfused liver. PMID- 7038838 TI - Exercise-induced proteinuria in children and adolescents. AB - Urinary albumin and beta 2-microglobulin excretion rates were measured by radioimmunological methods in 60 children and adolescents at rest and during physical exercise. The geometric mean of the albumin excretion rate was 4.4 (microgram/min)/m2 at rest and rose to 7.9 (micrograms/min)/m2 during exercise (P less than 0.001), while the geometric mean of beta 2-microglobulin was 31.9 (ng/min)/m2 at rest and 26.2 (ng/min)/m2 during exercise. These results indicate that exercise-induced proteinuria is of a glomerular leaking type. The albumin excretion rate was not dependent on the age or sex of the subjects. The exercise induced albuminuria correlated weakly but significantly with the maximal blood pressure (r = 0.27; P less than 0.05) and with the physical fitness of the subjects (r = 0.28; P less than 0.05). PMID- 7038839 TI - Gastrointestinal protection by low-dose oral prostaglandin E2 in rheumatic diseases. AB - In a previous study oral prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was shown to protect against indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with rheumatic diseases. This study examined whether a lower oral dose of PGE2, without acid antisecretory effect, is protective. Its methylated analogue 15(R)15 Me PGE2, which has effect on the acid secretion given orally, was also tested. Indomethacin, 50 mg three times daily, induced an increase in gastrointestinal bleeding measured by the 51Cr technique. PGE2, 033 mg three times daily, taken concomitantly significantly reduced fecal blood loss. 15(R)15 Me PGE2, 40 microgram three times daily, was also effective. The prostaglandins did not increase joint symptoms and had no significant side effects. It is suggested that the combination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a low oral dose of E2 prostaglandins could be used clinically, especially in patients with rheumatic diseases. PMID- 7038840 TI - Pancreatic polypeptide secretion before and after gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity. AB - Basal, meal-stimulated, and insulin-stimulated secretion of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been measured before and 3 and 12 months after gastric bypass surgery in 10 obese patients. The basal serum concentration of PP was significantly reduced after the operation. After a meal there was a significant increase in PP concentration both before and after operation. The early phase of meal-stimulated PP release was similar before and 12 months after surgery, but during the late phase the concentrations were 30% lower after the operation than preoperative values. Insulin-stimulated PP release was significantly reduced postoperatively. It is concluded that both basal and stimulated secretion of PP is significantly affected by gastric bypass surgery. The results indicate that the distal part of the stomach and the duodenum play no role in the early phase of meal-stimulated PP release and a minor role in the late phase of meal stimulated PP release. The reduced basal level of PP and reduced PP response to insulin postoperatively indicate that gastric bypass surgery leads to impaired secretion of PP from the pancreas. PMID- 7038841 TI - Doxepin in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. An open clinical and endoscopic study comparing doxepin and cimetidine. PMID- 7038842 TI - A controlled trial of combination chemotherapy with 5-FU and BCNU in pancreatic cancer. PMID- 7038843 TI - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children; detection of platelet autoantibodies by immunofluorescence. AB - There are 3 varieties of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children: the acute, the chronic and the recurrent forms. We have tested the platelets from 80 children with these forms of ITP by an immunofluorescence test. Platelet-bound immunoglobulins were detected in 19/22 acute, 41/48 chronic and 5/10 recurrent cases of ITP, i.e. in 65 of a total of 80 cases. A significance differences between acute and chronic ITP was found in the observation that only IgM was bound to the platelets of 7/16 patients with acute ITP. In all cases of chronic ITP with a positive direct immunofluorescence test, IgG was present on the platelet membrane. It is assumed because some patients with chronic ITP do not have elevated platelet-bound immunoglobulins, and show refractoriness to immunosuppressive therapy, that in these patients the disorder is not of a humoral autoimmune nature. PMID- 7038844 TI - Prognosis in acquired aplastic anaemia. A multivariate statistical analysis of 80 cases. AB - Prognostic factors were studied in a series of 80 patients with aplastic anaemia. The most important and easily obtainable individual variables, isolated in a previous univariate statistical analysis, were placed in a linear logistic regression model. A prognostic formula was derived containing the following 4 variables, in decreasing order of significance: (1) reticulocytes, (2) interval from onset of symptoms to first visit, (3) mean red cell volume, and (4) platelets. The prognostic formula permits an estimate of the probability of death within 3 months from the first visit. Its usefulness in several clinical situations, especially those related to bone marrow transplantation, is illustrated. PMID- 7038845 TI - Expression of common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in normal mononuclear blood cells during diffusion chamber culture. AB - Peripheral mononuclear blood cells of 2 healthy individuals were cultured over a 13 d period in diffusion chambers. A high percentage of cALL antigen positive cells and later on TdT containing cells appeared during culture. The cALL+ cells could be clearly distinguished into 2 groups: a population with weak and diffuse fluorescence and a small number of ring-like brightly dyed cells. The first group develops into TdT+ cells and therefore resembles immature T-cells. The interpretation of the ring-like stained cells is still preliminary, but it cannot be excluded, that these cells represent a cell population with more than lymphatic differentiation capacity. PMID- 7038846 TI - A clinicopathological study of 13 Danish Cases of Burkitt's lymphoma. AB - During a 4-year period 24 cases of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were proposed to be of the Burkitt-type (BL) by at least 1 of 5 pathologists of the lymphoma Registry in Jutland, Denmark. When the histological material was critically reviewed the diagnosis could be maintained in only 13 cases. 9 of the remaining 11 cases were immunoblastic lymphomas (IBL). Immunohistochemical stainings for cytoplasmic Ig-chains revealed generally weak reactions in the cases of BL. A distinct B-zone homing phenomenon first appearing in the lymphocytic mantle zone was observed in several lymph nodes from 2 patients with BL. In the BL-group the correlation between initial clinical stage and survival was satisfactory, the 2-year survival rate being 38% in the total BL-group. The incidence of BL was 2.1% of the malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in the registry. PMID- 7038847 TI - Macrophage migration stimulation factor. PMID- 7038848 TI - The four subclasses of IgG can be isolated from mouse serum by using Protein A Sepharose. AB - We confirmed the findings of Ey and colleagues that mouse IgG is absorbed by protein A-Sepharose at pH 8.0. Also confirmed was their finding that IgG1 mainly elutes from such a column by means of a buffer with pH 6.0 and that the corresponding pH values for IgG2a and IgG2b were 4.5 and 3.5. We made the new finding that the bulk of IgG2a bearing allotypes a or j eluted already at pH 5, in contrast to IgG2a bearing allotype b. Another new finding was that IgG3 was mainly eluted at pH 4.5 regardless of the allotype. All four subclasses of IgG could thus be physically separated if the allotype was a or j (the only known exception is allotype b). Separation of IgG2a and IgG3 was achieved even when the allotype was b by using a pH gradient for elution. IgG2a came out at a slightly higher pH than IgG3. Mouse IgG antibodies against group A streptococcal polysaccharide belonged mostly to IgG3 and, to a lesser extent, to IgG2a and IgG2b. PMID- 7038849 TI - IgA and IgM antibodies against Mycobacterium leprae in cord sera and in patients with leprosy: an indicator of intrauterine infection in leprosy. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was developed for demonstration and quantification of IgA and IgM anti-M. leprae antibodies. IgA and IgM anti-M. leprae antibodies were demonstrated in a lepromatous serum pool, in various amounts in individual patients with lepromatous leprosy, and in lower concentration in tuberculoid leprosy and non-leprosy controls. IgA and IgM anti-M. leprae antibodies were demonstrated in cord sera from babies of mothers with leprosy. The reliability of fetal IgA and IgM antibody synthesis as an indicator of intrauterine infection in leprosy is discussed. PMID- 7038850 TI - Acidic protein in macrophages. AB - An antiserum to unstimulated rat peritoneal macrophages was produced in rabbits. The antibodies were directed against an acidic protein with a molecular weight of 35,000 and with an isoelectric point at 4.6. The macrophage acidic protein (MAP) was purified by gel filtration of rat lung soluble proteins, followed by preparative isoelectric focusing. The preparation of MAP was pure as assayed by agar gel electrophoresis and showed one precipitation peak in crossed immunoelectrophoresis against the crude antiserum directed against peritoneal macrophages. The purified MAP was used for immunization of rabbits, and the antiserum obtained was monospecific, assayed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and Grabar-Williams immunoelectrophoresis. The titre was 4 times higher in the anti MAP antiserum (1:80) than in the crude antimacrophage antiserum (1:20), tested against MAP by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis. The antigen (MAP) was demonstrated by direct and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy in rat blood monocytes, in spleen and lung monocytic cells, in clusters of cells in the thymus, and in adventitial macrophages around larger blood vessels in liver, kidney, lung and brain. Scattered meningeal macrophages showed fluorescence in the normal, brain. In stab-wounded areas of rat brain MAP was localized to perivascular and perineuronal macrophages with a morphology similar to that of microglial cells. The localization of the fluorescence was the same both for the antiserum against MAP and for the antiserum raised against crude peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7038851 TI - Further characterization of the alternative protein-A interaction of immunoglobulins: demonstration of an Fc-binding fragment of protein A expressing the alternative reactivity. AB - Intact IgG and fragments F(ab')2 gamma, Fab gamma and Fc gamma from a rabbit anti protein-A serum (RapA) and corresponding preparations from normal rabbit IgG (NRG) were tested for their inhibitory effect on the binding of protein-A reactive 125I-IgE and 125I-Fc gamma, respectively, to protein-A-Sepharose. Intact IgG, F(ab')2 gamma and Fab gamma of RapA inhibited the binding of protein-A reactive 125I-IgE, whereas only intact IgG and Fc gamma fragments from both RapA and NRG inhibited the binding of 125I-Fc gamma to protein A-Sepharose. Further, the functional relationship between RapA and human polyclonal IgG was studied in a nephelometric test system. Intact IgG or fragments of IgG from human polyclonal IgG and rabbit antiprotein-A were found to affect the precipitation between human IgG and protein A in a similar way. Thus F(ab')2 gamma fragments and intact IgG enhanced the precipitation, whereas Fab gamma and Fc gamma fragments inhibited the precipitation. Protein A and an Fc-binding fragment of protein A (fragment B) were tested for their abilities to link different radiolabelled immunoglobulin preparations expressing the alternative and the classical protein-A reactivity to immobilized Fc fragments. All proteins expressing the alternative reactivity were efficiently bound both by fragment B and by protein A, indicating that fragment B, in addition to its classical Fc-binding activity, also expresses the alternative protein-A reactivity. PMID- 7038852 TI - Demonstration of Ia antigens on certain dendritic cells and on a novel elongate cell found in human synovial tissue. AB - Adherent cells from dissociated human synovial tissue obtained at surgery contain two types of distinctive cells with one or more elongated branching processes that strongly express Ia antigens. One type of cell with Ia antigens is non phagocytic and resembles the murine dendritic cell. It is primarily found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and accounts for a considerable proportion of the identifiable cells with a stellate or dendritic morphology. The expression of Ia antigens progressively diminished in culture. The second type of novel cell with Ia antigens was highly elongate and fibroblastoid. It was readily obtained from patients with osteoarthritis. The cell was frequently characterized by a blunt-ended filopodium-like process at one pole of the cell, one or two tapering processes, and zones of microvilli. Evidence was obtained suggesting that this cell, which might otherwise be considered fibroblast-like, is in the mononuclear phagocyte lineage. PMID- 7038853 TI - Differences in cell-mediated immune responses of 'high-resistance' and 'low resistance' mice to a nonpathogenic mycobacterium. AB - The kinetics of the footpad response of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-infected mice to soluble BCG antigens were compared in two strains of mice with different degrees of susceptibility to Mycobacterium lepraemurium. For the first 21 days the responses of the 'high-resistance' C57BL and the 'low-resistance' BALB/c to the nonpathogenic BCG were similar to that produced when the pathogenic mycobacterium was used. After 4 weeks the kinetics of the BALB/c mice changed and resembled that of the C57BL mice. The change in kinetics was compared with circulating antimycobacterial antibody levels and the response of draining lymph node cells in the antigen-specific lymphocyte transformation test. A dissociation was found between the kinetics of the delayed footpad response and the lymphocyte transformation response. Since both strains of mice are equally resistant to BCG, it appears that the delayed footpad response cannot be used as an indicator of host resistance in all mycobacterial infections. PMID- 7038854 TI - Genetic resistance to transplantation of xenogeneic bone marrow in mice of various strains: influence of an interferon inducer and age. AB - Mice of the C57Bl/6 strain and its hybrids develop at 3-4 weeks of age strong resistance to haemopoietic reconstitution by Lewis rat bone marrow cells (RBMC), whereas mice of other strains show moderate (129/J) or (A/J) such resistance. To test whether interferon (IFN) inducers can boost xenogeneic resistance in these strains, 2-week-old C57Bl/6J and 8-week-old 129/J and A/J mice were injected 4 h after 950 R with the IFN inducer poly I:C and later given various doses of Lewis RBMC. Infant C57Bl/6J mice so injected had significantly fewer numbers of colonies (enhanced resistance) per spleen than did control animals 6 days later. Poly-I:C-injected adult 129/J mice also showed fewer colonies than control mice, whereas poly-I:C-injected and control A/J mice showed similar numbers of spleen colonies. Enhanced resistance induced by poly I:C could be overridden by injecting syngeneic thymocytes with RBMC or by large doses of RBMC alone. Aged and young adult C57Bl/6J mice showed very low numbers of spleen colonies with RBMC inocula up to 20 x 10(6) but resistance breaks at both ages with inocula of 40 x 10(6) RBMC. Young adult and aged A/K mice showed colony confluency with RBMC greater than or equal to 10(6). The results demonstrate that (1) the mechanism of xenogeneic resistance not yet competent in infancy can be driven to functional competence by an IFN inducer in C57Bl/6J mice; (2) resistance can be enhanced in a moderately resistant strain (129/J) by an IFN inducer but not created in a non resistant strain (A/J); (3) ply-I:C-induced enhancement of resistance can be overridden by giving large numbers of RBMC (+/- syngeneic thymocytes); (4) senescence has no influence on the genetically determined response to marrow xenografts in the strains studied. PMID- 7038855 TI - Factors affecting the release of proteases from peripheral blood monocytes. AB - Serum amyloid A (SAA) protein is degraded by serine proteases associated with the external plasma membrane of peripheral blood monocytes. The plasma membrane associated enzymes are serine proteases of high molecular weight. In addition, cells grown in suspension release enzymatic activity into the surrounding medium. The origin and nature of the released SAA degrading enzymes remains obscure, but they appear to belong to the general class of serine proteases. Conditions of culture were determined which minimized release of the secreted enzymes and will ultimately permit the characterization of the properties of the membrane associated enzymes uncontaminated with the cytoplasmic proteases. It seems likely that there are two compartments of proteases-one surface-associated and one cytoplasmic. PMID- 7038856 TI - Role of platelets in the development of atherosclerotic disease and possible interference with platelet inhibitor drugs. AB - During the last two decades, significant advances have been made in the understanding of atherosclerotic disease. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis appears to depend on a precise sequence of critical events based on the interaction of blood elements and lipids with the arterial wall. The major critical events and their sequence appears to be as follows: hemodynamic stress and endothelial injury; arterial wall-platelet interaction; smooth muscle cell proliferation; lipid entry and accumulation; significant arterial narrowing with fibrosis and development of thrombi; and complications in the form of calcification, ulceration, aneurysm, acute thrombotic occlusion and embolization. This sequence of critical events starts at a young age and in all geographic racial groups. Their evolution into advanced symptomatic lesions takes many years and varies in incidence and extent among different geographic and ethnic groups. It appears that in promoting and accelerating this process into the advanced stage of the disease, the presence at a young age of the so-called risk factors of atherosclerotic disease is most important. The recent advances in the understanding of the atherosclerotic process will be highlighted in this chapter with particular attention being focused on the role of platelets and thrombosis in the development of the disease and the possible role of platelet inhibitor drugs on the prevention of coronary atherosclerotic disease. PMID- 7038857 TI - E.P.S.I.M., the French oral anticoagulant--aspirin trial in post-myocardial infarction patients: design, organization and quality control procedures. PMID- 7038858 TI - Critical points in secondary myocardial infarction trials. PMID- 7038859 TI - Xerostomia in Sjogren's syndrome treated with Sali-Synt. A double-blind cross over trial. AB - In a double-blind cross-over trial, a new synthetic saliva Sali-Synt was compared with placebo for the treatment of xerostomia in Sjogren's syndrome. Sali-Synt may soothe the pain in the mouth and reduces sleep disturbances better than placebo, but no statistically significant differences were found. Seven patients of 12 preferred Sali-Synt to placebo in helping xerostomia. PMID- 7038860 TI - [Malignant tumors in bearers of kidney grafts in immunosuppressive therapy]. AB - Out of 420 kidney transplant recipients at the University Hospital, Zurich, operated on between 1964 and 1978, 23 developed one or more malignant tumors. This corresponds to 5.8% of all patients. They included 8 cases of malignant lymphoma (non-Hodgkin), one of subacute myeloic leukemia, one of acute lymphatic leukemia, 6 skin cancers and 9 cancers of internal organs. Thirteen patients died, a figure corresponding to 8% of all deaths after kidney transplantation. Nine of the 10 patients with lymphoma and leukemia died, in 5 cases despite therapy. The response to therapy (radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy) was much poorer than in other patients with comparable tumors and in some patients completely absent. The only surviving patient (malignant lymphoma of the small bowel and the retroperitoneum) was treated by a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy and has had a symptom-free follow-up time of 3 1/2 years. The 6 skin cancers (4 of the spinocellular type) were excised. Recurrences were not noted. The visceral carcinomas (2 breast cancers, 1 carcinoma respectively of the pancreas, the rectum, the liver, the kidneys, the renal pelvis, and the urinary bladder, and one seminoma) were treated by generally accepted surgical principles as far as treatment of the patients was possible. The breast cancer and seminoma patients have survived thus far without recurrences or metastases. PMID- 7038861 TI - [Effect of different local anesthetics in a double-blind trial]. PMID- 7038862 TI - [Porcelain restoration materials: a clinical trial of Den-Mat and Ceramat]. PMID- 7038863 TI - [Aphthae and aphthosis]. PMID- 7038864 TI - [Intracoronal semipermanent composite splints strengthened with polyester fibers: clinical experience after 4 years]. PMID- 7038865 TI - [Plaque-decreasing effect of denture cleaning agents]. PMID- 7038866 TI - [Collagen fleece filling of large-volume bone cavity defects in the jaw area]. PMID- 7038867 TI - [Dental study of medieval skulls from 3 regions of the canton of Berne]. PMID- 7038868 TI - [Clinical aspects of nervous system tumors in dogs and cats]. PMID- 7038869 TI - [Germ count in blood plasma using the Roche "Urotube"]. PMID- 7038870 TI - [3H-Methyl]-methionine as possible methyl donor for formation of 5'-terminus of in vitro synthesized mRNA of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of silkworm Bombyx mori. AB - The mRNA of the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of silkworm Bombyx mori could be synthesized in vitro through the action of the virion associated RNA-polymerase in the presence of [3H-methyl]-methionine instead of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. The 3H-mRNA is isolated from the reaction mixture through a column of DEAE-Sephadex A 25 and digested with nuclease p1 and snake venom phosphodiesterase. The results of paper electrophoresis show that the methyl group of methionine is incorporated into the 5'-terminus of CPV mRNA. Even in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine the [3H-methyl]-methionine could still function as a methyl donor for the formation of the 5'-caps of the mRNA of CPV. PMID- 7038871 TI - Syngeneic bone marrow transplantation in T-cell acute lymphatic leukaemia. PMID- 7038872 TI - Robert Burns's illness revisited. AB - A careful review of Robert Burns's terminal illness, especially as documented in his correspondence, supports the widely held contention that death may have been due to subacute bacterial endocarditis secondary to chronic rheumatic heart disease. However, it is also possible that death have been caused by brucellosis or some non-infectious process such as malignant lymphoma. There is no evidence that Robert Burns suffered from either chronic alcoholism or venereal disease. The evidence that he may have died a doctor's martyr as a result of treatment with a mercury ointment is critically examined. PMID- 7038873 TI - Hybridomas: the making of a revolution. PMID- 7038875 TI - Variation of influenza A, B, and C viruses. AB - Influenza is caused by highly variable RNA viruses belonging to the orthomyxovirus group. These viruses are capable of constantly changing the genes coding for their surface proteins as well as for their nonsurface proteins. The mechanisms responsible for these changes in type A influenza viruses include recombination (reassortment) of genes among strains, deletions and insertions in genes, and, frequently, point mutations. In addition, old strains may reappear in the population. Influenza viruses of types B and C appear to vary to a lesser degree. The mechanisms responsible for changes in these viruses are not well characterized. PMID- 7038874 TI - Oxidized proteins in erythrocytes are rapidly degraded by the adenosine triphosphate-dependent proteolytic system. AB - The rate of protein degradation in rabbit erythrocytes in normally very low. However, when cells were exposed to agents that oxidize cell proteins (nitrite or phenylhydrazine), the degradation of erythrocyte proteins to amino acids increased 7- to 33-fold. This effect was inhibited by the reducing agent methylene blue. Stimulation of proteolysis also occurred in cell extracts and resulted from the production of substrates (damaged proteins) rather than from activation of proteases. Inhibitors of glycolysis and of the soluble adenosine triphosphate-dependent proteolytic pathway decreased the protein degradation induced by nitrite, whereas inhibitors of lysosomal proteolysis had no effect. Thus, the adenosine triphosphate-dependent proteolytic system is present in mature red cells where it may help protect against the accumulation of proteins damaged by oxidation or other means. PMID- 7038876 TI - American medicine's golden age: what happened to it? AB - In the first half of the 20th century, American physicians enjoyed relative freedom from adverse comment in mass and highbrow media. In unexpected ways the physicians' high ideals and the campaigns against socialized medicine brought criticism not only of the priestly but also of the technical functions of the medical profession. In the late 1950's this led to a campaign to modify the elevated position of physicians in American society. PMID- 7038877 TI - Inactivation of a diol epoxide by dihydrodiol dehydrogenase but not by two epoxide hydrolases. AB - The mutagenicity of r-8,t-9-dihydroxy-t-10, 11-oxy-8,9,10,11 tetrahydrobenz[a]anthracene (BA-8,9-diol 10, 11-oxide) toward Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 is not decreased by the presence of large amounts of highly purified microsomal or cytosolic epoxide hydrolase. However, highly purified dihydrodiol dehydrogenase inactivates this diol epoxide, which is a major DNA binding metabolite of benz[a]anthracene. The K-region epoxide, benz[a]anthracene 5,6-oxide (BA 5,6-oxide) is efficiently inactivated by microsomal epoxide hydrolase, is much less readily inactivated by cytosolic epoxide hydrolase, and is not inactivated by dihydrodiol dehydrogenase. This inactivation of a diol epoxide by dihydrodiol dehydrogenase points to a new significance of this enzyme and a new level of control for diol epoxides. PMID- 7038878 TI - A virally induced obesity syndrome in mice. AB - An obesity syndrome was found in a number of mice infected as young adults with canine distemper virus, a morbillivirus antigenically related to measles. Body weights of obese animals 16 to 20 weeks after infection were comparable to those reported for genetically obese mice and for mice rendered obese by hypothalamic lesions. The total number of adipocytes in specific fat deposits was greater in obese animals than in their lean littermates. This hyperplasia was accompanied by moderate cell enlargement. Pancreatic islet tissue was also hypercellular in the obese mice. Brain tissue from the obese mice showed no overt pathology, and immunofluorescence staining for viral antigens was negative. There may be a selective, virus-induced disruption of critical brain catecholamine pathways. PMID- 7038879 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid and its antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7038880 TI - Case report 167: Malignant non-Hodgkin (Brill-Symmers disease) of nasal mucosa, cervical lymph nodes and tubular bones of the hands and feet. PMID- 7038881 TI - Privilege and the Professions. PMID- 7038882 TI - [Physiology of labor]. PMID- 7038883 TI - [Historical-clinical review of schizophrenia. Status of different research projects on this subject]. PMID- 7038884 TI - [Family therapy and its history]. PMID- 7038885 TI - Problems associated with establishing a clinic for the elderly. AB - Actual use of a newly established geriatric clinic in a low-cost housing unit was appreciably below projected numbers, even though cost and transportation were removed as barriers to care. In a survey of building occupants, 20% were unaware of the clinic's existence. More than 90% of the occupants did not know clinic hours but a third could identify clinic staff. About half of the occupants had used the clinic, often for minor services. The major reason for lack of use of the clinic was an established pattern of receiving medical care which occupants were reluctant to risk or abandon. Needs must be appropriately assessed before service programs are designed for the elderly. Assumptions may at times be incorrect. A thorough understanding of needs and existing methods of meeting them leads to more appropriately designed programs. PMID- 7038886 TI - Amyloidosis and factor X deficiency. AB - The association of amyloidosis and factor X deficiency has been reported 18 times. We have added a 19th case and compiled a summary of all previously reported cases. The pathogenesis of this association is discussed and therapeutic recommendations are offered based on the accumulated experience. PMID- 7038887 TI - Pheochromocytoma: clinical diagnosis and management. AB - The incidence of pheochromocytoma among the hypertensive population is less than 1%. One third of the patients have intermittent hypertension, one third have remittent hypertension, and one third have persistent hypertension. The most common symptoms accompanying paroxysms include palpitation, headache, sweating, and pallor. Several familial syndromes have been described and should be searched for in every case of pheochromocytoma. Indications for screening for this tumor include severe and progressive hypertension, labile hypertension, or paroxysmal, symptomatic hypertension. In the majority of cases, diagnosis can be established by urinary assays for vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and metanephrine. Plasma catecholamine determinations and computerized axial tomography have added other dimensions to the preoperative diagnosis and localization of this tumor. Surgery is obviously the treatment of choice. Preoperative alpha-blockade ameliorates clinical manifestations, allows volume expansion, and allows safe induction of anethesia. PMID- 7038888 TI - Saturday Conference: Candida infections. PMID- 7038889 TI - Cavitary pulmonary nodule caused by Haemophilus influenzae in a renal transplant recipient. AB - Primary Haemophilus influenzae lung abscess has not previously been reported in renal transplant recipients. Our patient had a single cavitary pulmonary nodule and a subacute clinical course. This case demonstrates that infections in immunosuppressed patients may behave in uncharacteristic fashion, and exhaustive attempts must be made to secure the diagnosis so that proper therapy can be instituted. PMID- 7038890 TI - [N. I. Pirogov on the advanced training of medical personnel in Russia (on the centenary of Pirogov's death 1810-1881)]. PMID- 7038891 TI - [Computer analysis of the physical loading test]. PMID- 7038892 TI - [Surgical treatment of congenital cleft palate]. PMID- 7038893 TI - [Treatment of progressive muscular dystrophies]. PMID- 7038894 TI - [Treatment of hypoxemia in acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7038895 TI - [Inflammation and regeneration in the tissues of purulent wounds closed with primary sutures]. PMID- 7038896 TI - [N. I. Pirogov -- great Russian surgeon and scientist]. PMID- 7038897 TI - [Changes in the sensitivity of adipose tissue to insulin during the treatment of diabetic patients]. PMID- 7038898 TI - [Indirect leukocytolysis in the diagnosis of chronic and residual brucellosis]. PMID- 7038899 TI - [Introduction to clinical pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of cardiac glycosides]. PMID- 7038900 TI - [Current aspects of diabetology]. PMID- 7038901 TI - [Irritable bowel syndrome]. PMID- 7038902 TI - [Participation of cyclic nucleotides, Ca ions and gastrin in the pathogenesis of the diarrheal syndrome in acute dysentery]. PMID- 7038903 TI - [Endocrine therapy of breast cancer]. PMID- 7038904 TI - [Method of quantitative evaluation in microbial wound contamination]. PMID- 7038905 TI - [Urticaria]. PMID- 7038907 TI - Outpatient chemonucleolysis. PMID- 7038906 TI - Massive osteolysis of the cervical spine. A case report of bone graft failure. PMID- 7038908 TI - [Biological activity of pertussis vaccine preserved with structural analogs of thiomersal]. PMID- 7038909 TI - [Optimal mixture for pertussis vaccine produced by fermentation]. PMID- 7038910 TI - [Factors affecting potency during the production of typhoid vaccine]. PMID- 7038911 TI - [Production of typhoid vaccine by fermentation]. PMID- 7038912 TI - [Temporary covering of extensive burns]. PMID- 7038913 TI - [The rat kidney as a transplantation model]. PMID- 7038914 TI - [Nephrectomy of the transplanted kidney]. PMID- 7038915 TI - [Prostatectomy with primary suture of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 7038916 TI - The insulin and glucose response to an oral glucose load in non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young. AB - Non-insulin-dependent diabetes with age of onset under 35 years was studied in 85 Indian patients eighty-one per cent of the group were females, the mean age of onset of diabetes was 27 years while the mean duration was 6.3 years. the mean percentage desirable mass of the patients was 112%, obesity being present in 55% of the group. Eighty-two per cent of patients gave a positive family history; closer analysis revealed that 75% of the propositi had a diabetic parent and 41% a diabetic sibling; while three-generation transmission was present in 7%. Eighty one patients consented to a 100 g oral glucose load. The insulin and glucose response during a 3-hour period revealed fasting hyperinsulinism with a delayed and attenuated insulin response, a much lower insulin area and higher glucose ares, a lower insulin-glucose ratio and a lower modified Seltzer insulinogenic index when compared with 50 non-diabetic reference subjects. There was no difference in insulin and glucose responses in obese and non-obese diabetics. However, subdivision of the group into those with moderate and those with severe diabetes demonstrated that the latter had significantly higher plasma glucose levels and lower insulin levels at all times, except in the fasting state, during which the insulin levels were not significantly different. PMID- 7038917 TI - The stimulatory effect of a partially hepatectomized auxiliary graft upon the host liver. Observations on the regenerative response in orthotopic and heterotopic grafts. AB - Transplantation of an intact or partially hepatectomized auxiliary liver graft has been shown to result in a marked regenerative response (as measured by thymidine kinase activity and mitotic index) in the donor liver, apparently associated with rejection. This response was also transmitted to the host (portacaval-shunted) liver which showed a four- to sixfold increment in regenerative response. Livers transplanted by conventional orthotopic techniques also showed a marked regenerative response. The control groups of animals which were subjected to portacaval shunt, portacaval transposition or liver autografting showed a minimal regenerative response. The regenerative response after orthotopic transplantation is an original observation of great relevance to the overall response to liver grafting and may help partly to explain the variable responses to the procedure. PMID- 7038918 TI - The effect of beta-blockers on ventilatory function in chronic bronchitis. AB - The effect of propranolol and atenolol on air-flow obstruction in patients with chronic bronchitis was evaluated by means of a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. Fifteen patients with chronic bronchitis and mild air-flow obstruction, in whom there was no clinical suggestion of asthma, were studied. Two patients developed symptomatic increases in air-flow obstruction on propranolol and were withdrawn from the study. A symptomatically insignificant but statistically significant increase in air-flow obstruction was observed during treatment with both propranolol and atenolol. PMID- 7038919 TI - Some metabolic aspects of arthritis. AB - Arthritis commonly accompanies clinical disturbances of metabolism, while diseases which are primarily articular may cause major general metabolic abnormalities. The relationship between diet, nutrition and joint diseases is complex and varies from simple mechanical factors (as in obesity) to complex metabolic processes. Current knowledge of these processes is extensive in some areas, such as in gout and hyperuricaemia, whereas in others, such as the arthropathy encountered after intestinal bypass surgery, it is very scant indeed. Joint disorders in hyperlipoproteinaemia and diabetes mellitus are varied and the pathogenesis of these articular problems is as yet ill understood. In view of the frequency with which these metabolic problems occur, these disorders offer no opportunities for the clinical study of the processes involved in joint inflammation and damage. In contrast, metabolic abnormalities such as hypergastrinaemia and elevated ionized calcium in rheumatoid arthritis are worthy of study, as they may offer clues to the underlying aetiology of the joint disease. This latter abnormality is suggestive of hyperparathyroidism, a condition which may present with polyarthritis and in which joint changes may be severe, although they are usually obscured by the more obvious bony problems in this disease. An illustrative historical vignette is included. PMID- 7038920 TI - The non-reproductive consequences of vasectomy. AB - Uncertainty exists regarding the immunological consequences of vasectomy and the long-term effects of the operation on the hormonal status, genital organs and tract of man. The information available from the literature is summarized. The evidence favours the safety of vasectomy in the human male. PMID- 7038921 TI - Metabolic responses to a 90 km running race. AB - Serum osmolality and serum sodium, potassium, glucose, free fatty acid, glycerol, lactate, pyruvate, triglyceride, insulin and growth hormone levels were measured in 40 male athletes immediately after they had completed the 90 km Comrades Marathon. These results were compared with control values measured at the same time of day in the same subjects 6 weeks later. When compared with control values, serum sodium, glucose, free fatty acid, glycerol, lactate, pyruvate and growth hormone levels were all significantly elevated after the race. Serum insulin levels were reduced, whereas serum potassium and triglyceride levels were unchanged. These results, which are essentially similar to those reported in shorter (42 km) and longer (160 km) distance races, provide important field data complementing those collected in the laboratory. They suggest that the overall metabolic response to marathon and ultramarathon running is not substantially different. PMID- 7038922 TI - Acute refractory congestive cardiac failure following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. AB - A young woman aged 18 years underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for severe acute aplastic anaemia. In the 3 weeks following this procedure the platelet count remained between 10 and 30 X 10 q/l, and from the 21st day after the transplant there was relentless progression of congestive cardiac failure resulting in the patient's death 4 days after its onset. Autopsy showed widespread subendocardial haemorrhage and extensive bleeding between the myocardial fibres resulting in refractory cardiac failure. These findings are compatible with drug-induced cardiotoxicity. PMID- 7038923 TI - Aetiology and risk factors in young patients with recent acute myocardial infarction. AB - One hundred and forty-five young patients (aged 18-40 years) with acute myocardial infarction are reported. In 14 of these infarction was due to unusual cause of which infective endocarditis was the most common. One hundred of the patients underwent review of risk factors 2-4 months after infarction: 29% had a previous history of angina, 11% were hypertensive, 85% were smokers during the year before infarction and 5% were ex-smokers, while 31% had a family history of ischaemic heart disease among first-degree relatives and 27% were obese. Seventy two per cent had serum cholesterol values of greater than 5,7 mmol/l, 63% had fasting serum triglyceride values of greater than 1,7 mmol/l and 29% were hyperuricaemic. Only 2% had none of the following major risk factors: serum cholesterol greater than 6,5 mmol/l, serum triglycerides greater than 1,7 mmol/l, a history of cigarette smoking, a history of hypertension or blood pressure greater than 160/95 mmHg. We conclude that there should be a high index of suspicion for unusual causes of acute myocardial infarction in patients in this age group and that one or more of the major risk factors are an almost invariable finding in patients with infarction of atheromatous origin. PMID- 7038924 TI - The relationship between angiographic findings and risk factors in young men with myocardial infarction. AB - Coronary angiography was performed and risk factors were evaluated 2-4 months after myocardial infarction in 50 men aged 40 years or less. There was a high incidence of heavy cigarette smoking, obesity and hyperlipidaemia among these young men. Single-vessel disease (greater than or equal to 70% coronary obstruction) was found in 52%, double-vessel disease in 22% and triple-vessel disease in 20%, the right coronary artery being more frequently involved (greater than or equal to 70% obstructed) or totally occluded than the left anterior descending or left circumflex coronary arteries, in that order. One of the 2 patients with a normal coronary arteriogram had left ventricular angiographic evidence of previous infarction. There was no apparent difference in the distribution of coronary artery disease in this group of young men from the reported distribution found in older subjects. Neither was there any significant correlation of any single major coronary risk factor or combination thereof with the extent or severity of coronary artery obstruction. PMID- 7038925 TI - An evaluation of co-trimoxazole in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. AB - Two dosage schedules of co-trimoxazole, the standard antibacterial and a 2-day high-dose schedule, were compared with a standard course of chloroquine in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Parasites were cleared from the blood at similar rates, but pyrexia responded more slowly following the standard cotrimoxazole dose. No recrudescences were detected in those observed for up to 60 days after treatment. PMID- 7038926 TI - Drug therapy considerations in the elderly. AB - The growing elderly population receives an increasing proportion of the prescriptions dispensed each year. There are a number of problems associated with drug therapy in the elderly. This article reviews some of the pharmacological factors, which may change with increasing age, including absorption, transportation, tissue localization, receptor sites, homeostasis, excretion and metabolism, and which in turn may alter the action of a drug. Suggestions are made regarding the treatment of elderly patients. PMID- 7038927 TI - An indirect immunofluorescence study of antibodies to Aspergillus funigatus in sera from children and adults without aspergillosis. AB - An indirect immunofluorescence (IF) method for detection of antibodies of Aspergillus fumigatus was developed: it used cryosections of formaldehyde-treated mycelium as antigen. Mycelial age was found to be of importance for titer determination, and growth in Czapek-Dox broth for 48 h at 37 degrees C was considered optimal. Fluorescein-conjugated rabbit antisera to human immunoglobulins reacted by direct IF with A. fumigatus but this staining could be abolished by absorption of conjugates with homogenized mycelium of A. fumigatus. Chessboard titrations revealed plateau end-points of conjugates in the range 0 . 05-0 . 2 antibody units ml -1, which is the same range as found in other systems. Sera from 54 adults and 69 children not suspected of having fungal disease were investigated for antibodies to A. fumigatus. IgG antibodies were present at birth and the prevalence and titers fell during the first half year. Through childhood the prevalence and titers of IgG and IgM as well as IgA antibodies increased towards adult levels. In adults IgG antibodies in titers of 40 to 5120 were present in all 54 subjects tested, IgM antibodies in titers 10 to 160 occurred in 91% and IgA antibodies in titers of 10 to 80 in 78%. These findings may be explained by continuous exposure through childhood and adult life to antigens of A. fumigatus or to cross-reacting antigens. PMID- 7038928 TI - Plate method for detection of phospholipase activity in Candida albicans. AB - Intracellular phospholipase activity has previously been detected in Candida albicans. A plate method is described which allows rapid detection and measurement of the extracellular activity in a number of clinical isolates. The ratio of colony diameter to diameter of the dense white zone of precipitation around phospholipase positive colonies, (Pz value), correlates with hydrolysis of [14C]phosphatidylcholine by concentrated culture filtrates of selected test isolates. A large variation in phospholipase activity is found between different isolates of C. albicans, however the Pz value is constant for any one isolate regardless of the site from which it is recovered in the patient. Fifty five % of fresh blood isolates are positive and these are also the most potent phospholipase producers. Fifth % of wound isolates and 30% of urine isolates are also positive. A larger sample group must be studied, however, before it can be determined whether these differences are highly significant. PMID- 7038929 TI - Antimycotic activity of berberine sulphate: an alkaloid from an Indian medicinal herb. AB - Berberine sulphate in concentrations of 10-25 mg ml -1 inhibited the growth of 11/13 fungi, viz. Alternaria, Aspergillus flavus, Asp. fumigatus, Candida albicans, Curvularia, Drechslera, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, Rhizopus oryzae and Scopulariopsis. Concentrations of 50 mg ml -1 could check the growth of Syncephalastrum as well but Asp. niger remained unaffected. PMID- 7038930 TI - [Complete denture construction; clinical philosophy and methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038931 TI - [The function of baseplates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038932 TI - [Establishing the vertical relation of occlusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038933 TI - [Establishing horizontal jaw relationship and Gothic arch (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038934 TI - [My registration technique of intermaxillary jaw relations and dental arch relations in complete denture occlusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038935 TI - [The method to accomplish registration of jaw relation records from the edentulous patient (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038936 TI - [The technique of my occlusal registration. Cases of edentulous jaws (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038937 TI - Ways and means for solving the complex problem of optimizing education in medical institutes. PMID- 7038938 TI - Aristotle's knowledge in the field of natural and medical sciences (on celebrating 2300 years since his death). PMID- 7038939 TI - Actual costs of the Social Security system over the years compared with 1935 estimates. AB - It is believed by many that the cost of the Social Security program currently is considerably higher than it had been estimated that it would be when the program was enacted in 1935. The analysis in this article indicates that the cost of the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance program in 1980, when expressed as a percentage of taxable payroll, was almost exactly the same as it was estimated initially to be then. Such cost, however, does not include the Disability Insurance and Hospital Insurance programs and, moreover, is estimated to increase by about 50 percent over the next 50 years, whereas the initial estimates showed no cost increases after 1980. PMID- 7038940 TI - A look at the economic status of the aged then and now. PMID- 7038942 TI - Aggravating effect of alcohol on admission serum insulin patterns of patients with trauma and in a state of shock. AB - The effect of alcohol upon admission serum insulin levels was studied in 114 injured patients with mean blood alcohol levels of 130 +/- 71 milligrams per deciliter, ranging from 10 to 350. These data were compared with those of 133 similar patients with no measurable blood alcohol levels and with those of 47 healthy volunteers. Whereas marked hyperglycemia caused by trauma or shock was unaffected by alcohol ingestion, insulin levels were more depressed in patients with blood alcohol levels 29.5 +/- 15.3 microunits per milliliter versus 37.8 +/- 36.7 microunits per milliliter, p less than 0.025. In fatally injured patients with measurable alcohol concentrations, insulin and glucose levels were markedly different from those for the corresponding surviving patients, p less than 0.001 and less than 0.01, respectively, with particularly large differences in the insulin-glucose ratio, p less than 0.001. The spontaneous reappearance of the insulin response to hyperglycemia was dependent upon the elapsed time and the severity of injury. Regardless of the blood alcohol concentrations, in patients admitted within two hours, there was no correlation between the levels of insulin and glucose. In patients admitted within two to eight hours, a significant correlation was found only in those with no detectable alcohol blood levels, p less than 0.001. In addition, a remarkable similarity of mean different admission times. These findings suggest that, in alcohol intoxication, recovery of insulin secretions suppressed by acute trauma is delayed; metabolism of alcohol in acute trauma is probably reduced. PMID- 7038941 TI - Respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 7038943 TI - Acute and chronic management of esophageal varices by injection sclerotherapy. AB - Of 29 consecutive patients with acute bleeding from esophageal varices, 27 were treated by injection sclerotherapy. Bleeding was controlled by injection in 25 patients. Long term injection therapy was undertaken in these 25 patients. Obliteration of the varices was achieved in five, two of whom had re-canalization and rebleeding. Patent varices remained in 20 patients, with 11 instances of rebleeding and seven deaths due to hemorrhage. All patients with alcoholic cirrhosis had rebled while receiving long term injection sclerotherapy. PMID- 7038944 TI - Experience with continuous absorbable suture in the closure of abdominal incisions. PMID- 7038945 TI - Epidurally administered morphine for postcesarean analgesia. AB - A double blind study was performed to evaluate analgesia from epidurally injected morphine sulfate in 30 mothers after cesarean section following similar regional anesthetics. When compared with a saline placebo and 2 milligrams of epidurally injected morphine, a 4.5 milligram epidurally administered morphine dose resulted in a highly significant reduction in the initial 24 hour parenterally administered narcotic requirement, p less than 0.001, and a significantly greater duration of analgesia after epidural injection, p less than 0.0003. The mean duration of analgesia following 4.5 milligram epidural injection of morphine sulfate was 26.7 +/- 4.72 hours. A 2 milligram epidural dose reduced the initial 24 hour narcotic requirement, p less than 0.05, but the duration of analgesia did not significantly differ from that of placebo injection. No significant side effects were noted. Epidurally administered morphine appears promising as a potent analgesic approach of extended duration with potential advantages for early maternal mobilization, improved fetal maternal interaction and reduced fetal narcotic exposure in the breast fed infant. PMID- 7038947 TI - The development of heart lung machines. PMID- 7038946 TI - A technique for tying the short end of a continuous suture. PMID- 7038948 TI - Unusual causes of spontaneous pneumoperitoneum. AB - Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum may pose a diagnostic dilemma, especially when evaluating a patient who has no or minimal abdominal or constitutional findings accompanying its presence. The free intraperitoneal air may be the result of a perforation of a hollow viscus in such instances. Under these circumstances, the air is most often from another source. The more common sites of origin are intrathoracic sites, air in the wall of the intestinal tract and the genital organs in women. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in or adjacent to the abdomen may result in an iatrogenic pneumoperitoneum. In each instance when the findings of an acute abdominal catastrophe are lacking, the circumstances present before the discovery of the pneumoperitoneum should give a clue to the appropriate diagnosis. When a reasonable nonsurgical cause can be discerned, continued observation may be sufficient, thus avoiding an unnecessary laparotomy. PMID- 7038949 TI - The natural history and surgical treatment of hypercalcemia before and after renal transplantation. PMID- 7038951 TI - Pull-up technique for low colorectal anastomosis. PMID- 7038950 TI - The use of doxapram in the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications. AB - A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial has been conducted to assess the effect of doxapram hydrochloride infusions on pulmonary complications in patients undergoing extensive abdominal operations. For the purposes of this study, a pulmonary complication was defined as the production of purulent sputum or the presence of any abnormal clinical or roentgenologic chest signs. Of the 53 control patients, 41 had chest problems develop by these criteria, whereas the same was true of only 20 of the 40 patients receiving doxapram. The average duration of hospitalization was one day less for those receiving the drug. PMID- 7038952 TI - The true one-handed tie. PMID- 7038953 TI - Pierre Wertheimer. PMID- 7038954 TI - Major reviews, chronological list, 1968-1981. PMID- 7038955 TI - In appreciation of the contributions of Harry Searls Gradle. AB - The many contributions of Harry Searls Gradle (1883-1950) to ophthalmology are recalled by an author who was his protege. A former student of Anton Elschnig's, Gradle taught unique surgical skills to those who worked directly with him. Furthermore, he lent his insights and brilliant organizational talents to the development of institutions and programs for the betterment of ophthalmic education and practice. PMID- 7038956 TI - Adrenal gland identification: preoperative assessment. PMID- 7038957 TI - Value of pelvic suction-irrigation in reducing morbidity of low anterior resection of the rectum--a ten-year experience. AB - Resection of the rectosigmoid colon with anastomosis below the peritoneal reflection carries appreciable mortality and morbidity rates particularly because of leakage and resulting sepsis, Protecting the anastomosis with a transverse colostomy does not prevent this complication although it does reduce the catastrophic sequelae that often occur. Anastomotic leakage rates have been reported to be as high as 69% and fecal fistula rates as high as 27% following this type of surgery. A pelvic. A pelvic hematoma may act as a culture medium should sepsis occur and may interfere with anastomotic healing. A method of removing accumulated blood and serum from the pelvis following low anterior resection has been employed with the aim of reducing anastomotic leakage, and a 10-year experience has been compiled. Sixty consecutive patients were studied from July 1970 to June 1980. All underwent barium enema examination and/or proctosigmoidoscopy following low anterior resection with concomitant or previous transverse colostomy. There were four subclinical leaks seen at 6 weeks for an incidence of 6.8%. All resolved spontaneously within 6 additional weeks. No fecal fistulas or pelvic abscesses were encountered. Contaminated blood and serum are significant contributing factors to low anterior anastomotic breakdown. By removing such material before it can become infected, this complication can be significantly reduced. PMID- 7038958 TI - Prolonged skin allograft survival in chronic schistosomiasis. PMID- 7038959 TI - Aortoiliac reconstruction following renal transplantation. AB - With better survival and extended indications for renal transplantation, it is anticipated that the problem of aortoiliac disease in the posttransplant patient will be seen with increasing frequency. Two patients requiring aortoiliac reconstruction were successfully managed with improvement in graft function after surgery. One patient manifested atheroembolism resulting from aortoiliac occlusive disease; the other had a 2 cm rupture in an aortic aneurysm, which resulted in a large retroperitoneal hematoma, but without frank shock. Perfusion of the transplanted kidney was maintained by the use of a temporary axillofemoral graft, which was removed following aortoiliac repair. The use of this technique involves minimal physiologic disturbance to the patient and the renal graft and allows conventional aortoiliac reconstruction. PMID- 7038960 TI - Amino acid metabolism in patients with severe burns. AB - In this study we set out to determine, if relative to net catabolism of skeletal muscle protein as measured by phenylalanine release, the transamination of branched-chain amino acids (valine, isoleucine, and leucine) was greater in nonseptic burn patients than in controls. Arterial and femoral venous amino acid concentrations and circulating liver enzyme levels were measured. When the ratio of the arterial-femoral venous difference in concentration of each branched-chain amino acid to that of phenylalanine was determined, transamination of the branched chain amino acids, relative to net proteolysis, was not occurring at a greater rate in the burn patients. The net release of alanine relative to that of phenylalanine was not significantly greater in the burn patients, consistent with the conclusion that relative to the net rat of proteolysis, transamination of branched-chain amino acids in skeletal muscle is not increased in burn patients. This finding differs from that in septic dogs and septic humans. The mean arterial-femoral venous differences in concentration of alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine were greater in the burn patients (P less than 0.03), indicating increased proteolysis in this group. PMID- 7038961 TI - [Nursing in "the good, old days"]. PMID- 7038962 TI - [A new year with "old news"?]. PMID- 7038964 TI - [Physiopathological aspects of the hypotensive effect of surgery in renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 7038963 TI - [Blood level of Sh-groups and their effect on biochemical processes in diabetic patients]. PMID- 7038965 TI - [Dialysis and homotransplantation in end-stage kidney failure]. PMID- 7038966 TI - [Selection of patients with chronic end-stage kidney failure for active treatment]. PMID- 7038967 TI - An epidemiologic study of tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia in North Carolina. AB - Two hundred and eighty-five cases of TEF/EA occurring in North Carolina from 1952 1978 were reviewed. Except for a greater incidence of low-birth-weight infants and hydramnios during pregnancy, the cases appeared to be representative of the population. Clustering of cases over time was statistically confirmed. The cyclic variation suggested an association with an infectious agent. The variation of reported infectious hepatitis cases during the period of this study resembled the variation of TEF/EA cases that had no other documented congenital malformations. PMID- 7038968 TI - TNA & nursing in Texas: a 75-year perspective. Part 1. PMID- 7038969 TI - TNA & nursing in Texas: a 75-year perspective. Part 2. PMID- 7038970 TI - [Not such a rare case any longer: tertian malaria]. PMID- 7038971 TI - [Chemonucleolysis as an adjunct in the treatment of disk protrusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038972 TI - Experimental cotton-fibre pulmonary embolism in the rat. AB - Cotton-wool fibres are not uncommonly introduced into systemic veins during medical procedures and are swept into the pulmonary circulation as emboli. To ascertain the histological changes which occur in the pulmonary vasculature, and the time scale of the various cellular reactions we induced experimental cotton fibre pulmonary embolism in 51 rats. Within an hour the fibres became covered by platelets and plasma proteins and neutrophil polymorphs were attracted around them. By two hours macrophages congregated around the emboli and, with accumulation of epithelioid cells, granulomas were formed. By 16 hours these had increased in size with the appearance of foreign body giant cells, and reached their maximum size in three days. By 16 hours the granulomas were in the wall of the pulmonary artery with rupture of the elastic laminae. At the end of a week granulomas had passed through the wall to reach the alveolar spaces. By the sixth month all were extravascular, lying within the alveolar walls or in the peribronchiolar fibrous tissue. The continuity of the arterial media through which the granuloma had passed was restored without haemorrhage. PMID- 7038974 TI - The plasminogen activator and esterase activities of the two forms of urokinase. PMID- 7038973 TI - Evidence for colchicine-dependent protease activity in human platelets. PMID- 7038975 TI - Effects of a novel acylindole derivative on experimental thrombotic models, ulceration of the gastric mucosa and prostacyclin production in the aorta. PMID- 7038976 TI - On the fibrinolytic and thrombolytic properties of active-site p-anisoylated streptokinase-plasminogen complex (BRL 26921). PMID- 7038977 TI - Subcutaneous ancrod in prevention of deep vein thrombosis after hip replacement surgery. AB - In a randomised double-blind controlled trial we have assessed the use of ancrod ('Arvin') in the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing hip replacement surgery. Thirty-five patients received daily subcutaneous injections of ancrod and 38 patients received saline injections. DVT was detected by bilateral ascending venography (67 patients) 7-19 days after surgery. The frequency of major femoral DVT (greater than or equal to 5 cm long) was significantly reduced from 18 thrombi in the limbs of the placebo group to 5 in the ancrod group (p less than 0.01). The overall frequency of thrombi including calf DVT was not significantly different between the two groups. Four patients within the ancrod group had evidence of wound bleeding, compared with 2 placebo patients. One patient had a bleeding event which was considered severe enough to require cessation of ancrod injections. PMID- 7038978 TI - Potentiation of the activation of Glu-plasminogen by streptokinase and urokinase in the presence of fibrinogen degradation products. AB - When Glu-plasminogen was activated by streptokinase (SK), the presence of early degradation products of fibrinogen (FgDP) enhanced the rate of activation. When various fragments of FgDP were fractionated, FgDP-Y and E fragments had a potentiating activity while D fragment did not. When Glu-plasminogen was activated by urokinase (UK), the activation rate was enhanced by every fragment of FgDPs, i.e. X, Y, D and E. Although both D and E fragments seem to be able to bind with lysine binding sites of Glu-plasminogen, and to enhance the activation rate by UK, only binding of E fragment with plasminogen can result in enhancement of the activation of Glu-plasminogen by SK. PMID- 7038979 TI - [Literature searching with the aid of a computer]. PMID- 7038980 TI - [Some epidemiological features of salmonellosis in veal calves in the Netherlands (author's transl)]. AB - In the Netherlands, salmonellosis in veal calves is caused by S. dublin and S. typhimurium. Strains showing multiple drug resistance are important factors in these cases. Strains of S. typhimurium isolated from dead veal-calves resistance are important factors in these cases. Strains of S. typhimurium isolated from dead veal-calves are confined to a small number of phage types (mainly X 200, X 210, X 193, X ORS). To trace the Salmonella organisms to their origin, faecal samples were collected from one week old calves in markets, in lorries and within 24 hours after their arrival on veal-calf units, and subsequently examined for the presence of Salmonella. Salmonella (47.5 per cent of S. typhimurium, 20 per cent of S. dublin and 32.5 per cent of other serotypes) was isolated from 3.5 per cent of the individual faecal samples of 1,143 calves on seven veal-calf farms (1976-1978). Clinical symptoms caused by S. typhimurium and the other serotypes were not observed on these farms, whereas there were individual cases due to S. dublin. The phage types of S. typhimurium isolated (I 650, VI 260 and II 505) obviously had little if any pathogenic significance in calves. During the period from October 1977 to November 1978. Salmonella was isolated from nearly 6 per cent of 1,880 calves in the markets (S. typhimurium 50 per cent, S. dublin 17 per cent and other serotypes 33 per cent). Well over 25 per cent of the strains of S. typhimurium isolated were of the pathogenic phage types (X 201, X ORS). Salmonella was isolated from well over 30 per cent of eighty-three lorries. It is concluded that markets and lorries are important factors in the epidemiology of salmonellosis in veal calves. However, there also are persistent infections in veal-calf units. Possible routes of infection, in which the veal calf is regarded as the most important source of infection, are discussed. More detailed epidemiological studies are in progress to make it possible to suggest measures by which the incidence of salmonellosis in the Netherlands may be reduced. PMID- 7038981 TI - [The fluorescent antibody technique in the diagnosis of a number of poultry diseases: manufacture of conjugates and use (author's transl)]. PMID- 7038982 TI - Kidney transplantation - transplant survival after planned HLA-A and -B matched blood transfusions. PMID- 7038983 TI - Homozygosity at the major histocompatibility complex is required for optimal immunogenicity of bone marrow cell allografts in irradiated rats. AB - Hemopoietic histocompatibility (Hh) Genes associated with the H-2 region control the antigenicity of hemopoietic cell grafts in the mouse. We have tested for similar genes in rats. Wistar Furth (WF, RTlu) or Lewis (LEW RTl1) bone marrow cell grafts did not proliferate in spleens of lethally irradiated (WFxLEW) F1 hybrid rats as assessed by measuring the incorporation of 5-iodo-2' deoxyuridine 125I (IUdR) into recipient spleens 5 days after transplantation. In contrast, (WFxLEW) F1 hybrid marrow cells grew well in both WF and LEW parental strain hosts. (WFxLEW) F1 or (WFxLEW) F1 hybrid rats were backcrossed to WF parental strain rats to produce progeny, either homozygous, or heterozygous for the MHC. The RTl type of 46 individual backcross progeny was determined using a 5 day mixed-lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Correlation between RTl type and growth of marrow grafts of individual backcross rats were determined by using each rat as a bone marrow donor for irradiated LEW hosts. Marrow grafts from rats heterozygous for RTl were accepted in all 25 cases, whereas, grafts from 19 to 21 homozygous donors were rejected by the LEW hosts. Thus, homozygosity, for Hh determinants in or near the RTl region appears to be necessary for optimal immunogenicity of bone marrow allografts. PMID- 7038984 TI - Influence of HLA-A and HLA-B cross-reactive antigen matching on kidney graft survival. AB - The presence of cross-reactive (CR) antigens of the HLA-A and B specificities between donor and recipient carries a better graft outcome than an HLA match not taking it into account. This influence of CR antigens has been observed in the case of cadaver kidneys matched only for none or one HLA antigen. If two or more antigens are matched this effect is not seen anymore. This improved graft survival could not be explained on the basis of the number of transfusion nor the incidence of cytotoxic antibodies. PMID- 7038985 TI - Vascular and renal distribution of HLA--DR-like antigens. AB - Tissue sections of ethanol-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from human kidney, placenta and umbilical cord were studied by indirect immunofluorescence with a rabbit antiserum to HLA--DR antigens from B lymphocytes. Capillary walls in the kidney showed specific staining both in glomeruli and around tubuli. Conversely, HLA--DR-like antigens were not detected in the walls of larger vessels, in tubular cells, or in the epithelium of Bowman's capsule. HLA-DR-like antigens of kidney elements thus seemed to be restricted to capillary endothelial cells. In specimens from umbilical cord and placenta, HLA--DR-like antigens were not detected in the walls of capillaries or larger vessels. Isolated endothelial cells from the umbilical vein were likewise negative. PMID- 7038986 TI - [Modern pilgrimage: Saint Elisabeth exhibit Marburg 1981]. PMID- 7038987 TI - Distribution of fibronectin in fibrotic human livers at various states. AB - Fibronectin was isolated from human plasma by affinity chromatography with gelatin-coupled Sepharose 4B. Anti-fibronectin antiserum was prepared using rabbits, and human liver biopsy specimens at various stages of fibrosis were investigated for distribution of fibronectin by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Fibronectin was absent in liver parenchymal cells, while it was detected markedly in reticulin and the area containing collagen fibers. The existence of fibronectin in the necrotic area and in prematured fibers suggests the earlier deposition of fibronectin than that of collagen at the locus of tissue repairing, and thus the important role of fibronectin at the early stage of fibrosis. PMID- 7038988 TI - Application of hydrophobic interaction chromatography to purification of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. PMID- 7038989 TI - Bothrops asper venom from the Atlantic and Pacific zones of Costa Rica. PMID- 7038990 TI - [Theory of Academician E. N. Pavlovskii on natural disease foci in an epoch of scientific and technical progress]. PMID- 7038991 TI - [Clinical laboratory characteristics of the jaundice form of pseudotuberculosis]. PMID- 7038992 TI - [Molding material for cast bridge prostheses]. PMID- 7038993 TI - [Integrated approach to the technological process of preparing whole-cast clasp prostheses]. PMID- 7038994 TI - [Differential diagnosis of actinomycosis of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 7038995 TI - [Prevention of oral cavity tumors]. PMID- 7038996 TI - Effect of whole-body gamma radiation on some metals of rat plasma. AB - Adult male rats were exposed to 4 and 10 Gy of whole-body gamma radiation, and several metals of plasma were studied on 1st, 3rd and 6th day after exposure. Lethal radiation increased plasma calcium initially with subsequent diminution, while plasma magnesium decreased initially in both groups, becoming normal on the 6th day post exposure. Plasma iron in 4-Gy exposed rats diminished on 3rd day, while the same in 10-Gy exposed animals increased initially and then decreased. Both groups of animals exhibited significant diminution of plasma copper and ceruloplasmin from the 3rd day post irradiation. Plasma monoamine oxidase (MAO) was enhanced from 1st day post exposure in 10-Gy exposed rats, which persisted still 6th day. Liver monoamine oxidase was significantly diminished from 1st day after exposure in lethally exposed rats, while spleen monoamine oxidase, after initial increase was normalised on 6th day post irradiation. PMID- 7038997 TI - [Postinsertion problems in complete denture wearers]. PMID- 7038998 TI - [Surgical treatment of cancer of the base of the tongue]. PMID- 7038999 TI - [How far does the cavity liner comply with the requirements of practice? Results from clinical, radiometric and animal studies on the cavity liner "Tubulitec"]. PMID- 7039000 TI - [Critical evaluation of technical innovations in outpatient preprosthetic surgery]. PMID- 7039001 TI - Cerebellar hemorrhage and infarction. PMID- 7039002 TI - Lacunes. PMID- 7039003 TI - Fibromuscular dysplasia and the brain. II. Current concept of the disease. AB - Eleven hundred cases from the literature of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) are reviewed including 300 cases with aortocranial lesions. The male-female ratio is 1:2, and the prevalence seems increased among Caucasians. The clinical diagnosis of FMD is made by angiography, ten years earlier in patients with hypertension (mean age 39 years) than in those with cerebrovascular symptoms (mean age 50 years). Segmental dysplastic lesions are found mainly in primary aortic branches. All age groups may be affected and follow-up studies give evidence for stationary as well as slowly progressive lesions. A multifactorial hypothesis of etiology is presented: congenital minor lesions of tunica medial might predispose to aneurysms and to an abnormal fibroproliferative response to mechanical or circulatory stimuli. The association of FMD and intracranial aneurysmal disease in females is discussed. Inheritance as a dominant trait with reduced penetrance in males is suspected. Current aspects on morphology, symptomatology and clinical management are presented. PMID- 7039004 TI - A randomized trial of aspirin and sulfinpyrazone in patients with TIA. AB - In a double-blind multicenter study, 124 patients with transient ischemic attacks were randomly allocated to one of two groups treated with aspirin (ASA) or sulfinpyrazone respectively. Patients were followed up to assess the relative efficacy of the two treatments in the prevention of the outcomes of stroke, myocardial infarction, vascular death, and worsening or no improvement of TIAs. No significant difference was observed between the two treatments at the end of the follow-up period. Statistical analysis revealed a significant interaction of sex, treatment, and occurrence of events. Analysis of the results according to sex showed that male patients treated with ASA had a highly significant benefit (p less than 0.001) with a 53% risk reduction for further events. In female patients, sulfinpyrazone showed a favorable trend which was not statistically significant. PMID- 7039005 TI - The international EC/IC bypass study. PMID- 7039006 TI - Current status of antifibrinolytic therapy for treatment of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 7039008 TI - Enzyme immunoassay and two fluorometric methods compared for the determination of quinidine in serum. AB - Quinidine, an antiarrhythmic drug, was quantitated in serum by a commercially supplied enzyme immunoassay procedure (EMIT). Replicate analyses of serum controls resulted in a within-assay coefficient of variation of less than or equal to 10% and a between-assay coefficient of variation of less than or equal to 7%. Patient quinidine results by enzyme immunoassay were compared to those obtained by a non-selective (protein precipitation) and a selective (solvent back extraction) fluorometric method. Assay selectivity for quinidine versus other drugs and versus the 3-hydroxy metabolite of quinidine was determined. Clinical evaluation of the results indicates the enzyme immunoassay technique to be sensitive for quinidine and more selective than commonly used fluorometric methods relying on back-extraction or protein precipitation. PMID- 7039007 TI - Ethosuximide in tears, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Ethosuximide (ESM) was determined by the EMIT technique in tears, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma of epileptic subjects. CSF/plasma, saliva/plasma and saliva/CSF ratios were in good agreement with gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The tears/plasma ratio was not significantly different from the saliva/plasma ratio, although the standard deviation was higher in the latter. These data indicate that ESM can be determined in a quantitatively similar manner in both saliva and tears by EMIT. PMID- 7039009 TI - Adaptation of the EMIT gentamicin and tobramycin procedure to the IL microcentrifugal analyzer. AB - We have adapted the Syva Emit gentamicin and tobramycin procedure to the IL microcentrifugal analyzer, MCA III. With this instrument the recommended instructions for reagent preparation and reaction sequence did not produce a useable standard curve. We modified the dilutions and volumes for the working reagents and reversed the sequence of addition of the working reagents. WE assessed the linearity and precision of the analysis and compared the Syva gentamicin and tobramycin Emit procedure on the IL MCA III with the semiautomated procedure on a Gilford Stasar III spectrophotometer. With the IL MCA III only 3 to 5 microliter of serum is used, 17 analyses can be obtained in 8 min, and the reagent costs are reduced considerably. PMID- 7039010 TI - Serological complications of a major ABO incompatible bone marrow transplantation in a Polynesian with aplastic anemia. AB - A 24-year-old, blood-group O Polynesian woman with multiple red blood cell antibodies received a group A, HLA-compatible, sex-matched bone marrow transplantation as treatment for severe aplastic anemia. High retransplantation titers of ABO isohemagglutinins were successfully reduced by repeated plasmaphereses. Despite gross in vitro incompatibility in the routine crossmatch, technetium-labelled red blood cell survival studies performed immediately prior to transplantation predicted that a small proportion of the donor erythrocytes would neutralize residual postplasmapheresis isoantibody. Donor marrow was subsequently infused without significant hemolysis. Although anti-A titers were low immediately posttransplantation, these rose progressively, approaching pretransplantation levels at the time of documented marrow engraftment at day 18. One week later the bone marrow graft was rejected. Retransplantation was successfully performed using marrow from an ABO compatible, sex-mismatched sibling donor. Radioisotopic studies were helpful in evaluating donor-recipient red blood cell incompatibility during the ABO incompatible transplantation, and again at retransplantation in the presence of circulating isoantibody to donor red blood cells. High levels of ABO isoagglutinins prior to plasmapheresis and rapidly rising titers posttransplantation may have predicted bone marrow graft rejection in this patient. PMID- 7039012 TI - Dr matching and cadaver kidney transplantation. PMID- 7039011 TI - Bone marrow transplantation from unrelated volunteer donors: summary of a conference on scientific, ethical, legal, financial, and other practical issues. PMID- 7039013 TI - Fluorescein sodium injection for evaluation of ureteric vasculature prior to cadaveric renal transplantation. PMID- 7039014 TI - Hyperacute rejection of HLA-AB-identical renal allografts associated with B lymphocyte and endothelial reactive antibodies. PMID- 7039015 TI - Immunoglobulin-secreting cells recovered from rejected human renal allografts. PMID- 7039016 TI - Transplantation. PMID- 7039017 TI - Treatment of acute rejection of cadaveric renal allografts with rabbit antithymocyte globulin. AB - In a prospective randomized single-blind trial, we compared the effectiveness of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (RATG) in the treatment of acute renal graft rejection with the results of treatment by high oral doses of prednisone. Twenty recipients of cadaveric kidneys were included in each group. In the RATG group, the prednisone dose was not increased and a dose-by-rosette protocol was used to keep T cell levels between 50 and 150/mm3. In this group 15 of the 20 patients responded to the treatment. One of these patients lost her kidney afterward because of a technical failure. In five patients rejection was irreversible despite a subsequent course of high-dose prednisone orally. In the prednisone group, 13 patients showed a good response, but 3 of them only after a subsequent course of RATG. The remaining seven patients underwent nephrectomy before a course of RATG could be given. One patient in this group died of septicemia. In either group there were six second rejection episodes, but they developed 2.2 months later in the RATG group. All second rejection episodes were treated with the alternative regimen and all patients responded to this treatment. Renal function after 6 months was similar in both groups. Less infections occurred in the RATG group. Prior to rejection, there were no differences in concentrations of peripheral T cells between both groups. Treatment of acute rejections with RATG is an effective and safe procedure which is steroid sparing. PMID- 7039018 TI - Marrow grafts between phenotypically DLA-identical and haploidentical unrelated dogs: additional antigens controlling engraftment are not detected by cell mediated lympholysis. AB - Bone marrow transplants with low marrow cell doses (less than or equal to 4 x 10(8) cells/kg) from unrelated donors were carried out in 16 dogs conditioned with 9 Gy (900 rad) of total body irradiation. No immunosuppression was given after grafting. Eleven donor-recipient pairs were phenotypically identical (group 1) for the known antigens of the canine major histocompatibility complex (DLA) and in five the donor was homozygous and the recipient heterozygous for DLA (group 2), as determined by serological histocompatibility typing and mixed leukocyte cultures including homozygous cell typing. In addition, lymphocytes from donors and recipients in group 1 were mutually nonreactive in cell-mediated lympholysis; lymphocytes from recipients in group 2 were not cytotoxic against donor cells. Eight dogs rejected their grafts and eight showed sustained engraftment; of these, four died from graft-versus-host disease. The incidence of rejection was higher than in DLA-identical littermates but lower than in DLA nonidentical unrelated or littermate dogs. These results indicate that antigens different from the recognized alleles at DLA are involved in the control of engraftment. These antigens most likely represent the expression of unrecognized differences within DLA or are coded for by a locus different from but linked to DLA-A, B, C or D; they are not recognized in the cell-mediated lympholysis assay. PMID- 7039019 TI - Influence of the original disease, race, and center on the outcome of kidney transplantation. AB - The low graft survival rate in black recipients (36 +/- 2% at 1 year) as compared with the graft survival rate in white recipients (48 +/- 1%) might be secondary to a higher incidence of vascular lesions, inducing hypertensive disease, in blacks than in whites. The relative frequency of malignant hypertension in black recipients was six times that of white recipients, and recipients with malignant hypertension had a significant lower graft survival rate (43 +/- 2%) than recipients with glomerulonephritis (54 +/- 1%). In addition, patients with vascular lesions (diabetes, malignant hypertension, and glomerulonephritis) showed significantly lower graft survival rates in black than in white recipients, in contrast to patients with primary tubular or interstitial lesions (polycystic kidneys and pyelonephritis), who showed similar graft survival rates in blacks and whites. Only a small fraction of this racial effect could be traced back to the higher incidence of Lewis-negative phenotypes in black recipients and a similar beneficial effect of transfusions, on graft survival, was observed in both black and white recipients. The effects of graft survival of age (6%), race (9%), and transfusions (18%) were significant in good (A) and poor (B) centers. No overlap between A and B centers was observed for any of these three parameters when analyzed separately. However, when the cumulative effects of these three risk parameters were analyzed together a partial overlap appeared, i.e., higher graft survival rates were observed in low-risk recipients that received transplants in B centers than in high-risk recipients that received transplants in A centers. Consequently, the selection of the recipient may play a role in the overall results of different transplantation units, leading to their classification into A or B centers, but cannot explain all of the differences between A and B centers. PMID- 7039020 TI - Influence of prophylactic treatment with gamma-immunoglobulins on renal function after kidney transplantation in rhesus monkeys. AB - The effect of prophylactic i.v. administration of high doses of human gamma immunoglobulin (IgG) on kidney graft survival was investigated in rhesus monkeys treated with azathioprine and prednisolone. In nontransfused recipients not treated with IgG (controls), graft survival ranged from 9 to 22 days; if nontreated animals had been given three pretransplant blood transfusions, graft survival ranged from 9 to 61 days with 42% of the animals showing a prolonged survival time (greater than 22 days). However, in both transfused and nontransfused recipients, the additional pretransplant administration of IgG appeared to have an adverse effect: about 25% of the animals showed accelerated rejection. In addition, serum creatinine levels in IgG-treated recipients were significantly higher on the 3rd day after transplantation than in non-treated monkeys. We concluded that renal transplant patients should be treated with IgG for protection against life-threatening infections only if they have good kidney function. PMID- 7039021 TI - Fetal pancreas allografts for reversal of diabetes in rats. II. Induction of life term-specific unresponsiveness to pancreas allografts across nonmajor histocompatibility complex barriers. AB - Specific unresponsiveness to LEW whole fetal pancreases was induced in F344 rats across non-RT1 incompatibilities. Our treatment regimen was a modification of that developed by Brent and Opara and used an i.v. injection of donor liver extracts (equivalent to 250 to 500 mg wet tissues) between days -18 and -24 followed by a single i.p. injection each of procarbazine hydrochloride (one-third of the LD50 dose) and 0.5 ml of antilymphocyte serum (ALS) within a few days of transplantation. Complete and life-term (greater than 1 year) reversal of streptozotocin (SZ)-induced diabetes was observed in 13 of 16 treated recipients, while the reversal of diabetes was only transient in 2 recipients as a result of graft rejection which occurred between days 30 and 50. The remaining one recipient did not respond to the treatment. Allograft viability was confirmed by the visual observations and histological examination of tissues, by the recurrence of diabetes after the graft removal, and by the reversal of diabetes in the secondary recipients in which long-term surviving allografts were retransplanted. Specificity of the induced unresponsiveness was demonstrated by the prolonged survival times of donor-type skin but the normal rejection of third party skin which was grafted onto the diabetes-reversed F344 recipients carrying viable LEW pancreases. Prolonged but limited survival times of donor-type skin grafts suggested that the induced unresponsiveness is specific to donor alloantigens as well as organ-specific antigens. This immunosuppressed state was transferable into ALS-treated syngeneic F344 rats by nylon-wool-nonadherent spleen cells. Thus, LEW skin grafts survived for 30 days in ALS-treated F344 rats receiving test spleen cells, while those in controls survived for 19 days. LEW pancreases surviving for more than 300 days were fully capable of eliciting rejection reaction when the grafts were retransplanted into a nonimmunosuppressed secondary F344 recipient along with the primary host kidney. PMID- 7039022 TI - Kinetics of unresponsiveness induced by a short course of cyclosporin A. AB - The kinetics of unresponsiveness induced by a short course of cyclosporin A was studied using accessory heart allografts in rats. Skin grafts from the heart donor or a third-party donor were performed at several different times after heart transplantation. The fate of the skin and heart grafts demonstrated that the properties of the unresponsive state induced by short-term cyclosporin A therapy changed with time so that three different stages could be recognized: (1) stable nonspecific immunosuppression, (2) weak weak moderately specific immunosuppression, and (3) strong stable donor-specific immunosuppression. PMID- 7039023 TI - Induction of transplantation tolerance in guinea pigs by spleen allografts. I. Operative techniques and clinical results. AB - Four hundred and ten heterotopic spleen transplants were performed in inbred guinea pigs of strains 2 and 13 whose major histocompatibility complex differs only in the I region and which rapidly reject reciprocal skin allografts. Spleen allografts from strain 13 to strain 2 survived throughout the lifetime of the hosts, whereas spleen allografts from strain 2 to strain 13 were rejected within 3 weeks. Animals not rejecting their spleen transplants were specifically tolerant of donor strain skin allografts. Strain 2 recipients of strain 13 spleen grafts had a surprising high mortality from graft-versus-host disease which peaked at 6 weeks after transplantation. PMID- 7039024 TI - Advantage of cold storage over machine perfusion for preservation of cadaver kidneys. AB - Evidence is provided that, with cold ischemia up to 48 hr and warm ischemia up to 60 min, simple storage preservation results in equally good or better transplant success rates than pulsatile machine perfusion. In the critical 24- to 43-hr preservation period, 1-year survival rates were 53 +/- 3% for 282 kidneys preserved in Collins solution, as compared with 40 +/- 2% for 565 kidneys on the Belzer machine (P less than 0.0001) and 48 +/- 1% for 1441 kidneys perfused on the Waters machine (P = not significant). Warm ischemia of 40 to 60 min also yielded better results with simple cold storage than with machine preservation (P less than 0.05). Although it has been maintained that one of the functions of preservation machines is to select out kidneys of poor quality, we found that this preselection actually has resulted in lower transplant survival rates. Because storage in Collins solution is simpler, safer, and much less expensive, we conclude that there is no longer any reason to preserve kidneys by pulsatile perfusion on machines. PMID- 7039025 TI - Renal allograft failure and cold red blood cell autoagglutinins. AB - Ten patients in a retrospective review of 250 kidney transplant recipients had RBC-cold agglutinins reactive at 22 C. Fourteen transplants were performed in those 10 patients. Five of nine cold renal allografts failed to function. Two of these recipients later had successful transplants when the kidneys were warmed before reestablishment of blood flow. Three other patients with cold RBC autoagglutinins had immediate renal function when the transplanted kidneys were warmed. In a prospective study of 126 patients, 59% had cold RBC agglutinins at 4 C and 11% were alos reactive at 22 C. Red blood cell-cold autoagglutinins appear to be a preventable cause of acute renal allograft failure. The titer and thermal amplitude of these antibodies are probably of major importance and should always be determined before organ transplantation. PMID- 7039026 TI - International study of histocompatibility in renal transplantation. AB - With international collaboration, data on more than 2000 cadaver donor transplants were collected and analyzed. In first transplants, the number of pretransplant transfusions given to the recipients correlated significantly with graft survival (P less than 0.0001). No correlation of graft outcome was found with matching for HLA-A,B. HLA-DR matching was significantly correlated with outcome in the North American transplants, but not in the European subset of transplants. In second transplants, HLA-DR matching and the duration of the first transplants correlated significantly with graft survival, whereas there was no correlation with HLA-A,B matching or transfusions. PMID- 7039027 TI - Prolongation of cardiac allograft survival in rats by combined pretransplant thymectomy, splenectomy, and antilymphocyte globulin treatment. PMID- 7039028 TI - Relationship between donor age and outcome of pregnancy in a renal allograft population. PMID- 7039029 TI - Role of thymus-derived and thymus-independent cells in murine skin allograft rejection. PMID- 7039030 TI - Production of large quantities of ascitic fluid for kidney allograft enhancement in rats. PMID- 7039031 TI - HLA standardization and proficiency testing in the Southeastern organ Procurement Foundation. AB - Five years of experience with cell exchanges between laboratories comprising the Southeastern Organ Procurement Foundation (SEOPF) were analyzed in order to evaluate progress in HLA typing proficiency. The results of the analysis of 15 cell exchanges involving a total of 60 cells indicate that the average detection rate was 95% or greater for HLA-A1, 2, 3, 9, 10, 11, 28, and 29; B7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 27, and 40. HLA-A locus antigens were detected more often (85.8%) than B locus antigens (80.9%). False negative results were more frequent than false positive antigen assignments. Errors in antigen assignments tended to be nonrandomly distributed for certain antigens belonging to cross-reacting groups but usually were randomly distributed for well defined antigens. During the period of the study, SEOPF laboratories demonstrated improved proficiency in the identification of most HLA-A, B, and C provisional (w) specificities. The results demonstrate the benefits of interlaboratory proficiency testing and indicate that cell exchanges can be carried out successfully on a regional basis. PMID- 7039032 TI - Selective lymphoid irradiation. II. Prolongation of cardiac xenografts and allografts in presensitized rats. PMID- 7039033 TI - Transplantation reactions in the African lungfish, Protopterus amphibius. AB - Wild caught African lungfish, Protopterus amphibius, were found to reject most first-set cutaneous allografts more slowly than comparable allograft rejection in teleost fishes at a temperature of 24.0 +/- 0.5 C. Second-set allografts made 68 days after first sets were rejected more rapidly, indicating the immunological basis for rejection in this primitive fish. Wide variation in survival times of scale transplants with some surviving in excess of 131 days suggest moderate histoincompatibility systems and substantial sharing of histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 7039034 TI - Bone marrow-derived cells are responsible for stimulation I region-incompatible skin graft rejection. PMID- 7039035 TI - Distinct alloantigens trigger proliferative or nonproliferative T lymphocyte activation in CBA/N, CBA/J, and C3H mice. AB - Lymphokine release and proliferation take place during one-way murine mixed leukocyte cultures (MLCs) when responder and stimulator cells differ in H-2 alloantigens, whereas a dissociation of these two functions can be observed where there are incompatibilities in non H-2 alloantigens, It is possible that this dissociation depends on different thresholds of activation of the two responses, or that some non H-2 alloantigens selectively activate lymphokine release or proliferation. To investigate this question we used H-2-matched CBA/N, CBA/J. C3H/HN, (CBA/N x CBA/J)F1, and (CBA/N x C3H/HN)F1 leukocytes, both as responder and stimulator cells. CBA/N mice and the male F1 hybrids obtained from CBA/N mothers carry an X-linked immune defect that results in an arrest of B lymphocyte maturation. In the majority of MLC combinations tested, migration inhibition factor (MIF) release and proliferation took place in parallel. However, CBA/N, but not F1 leukocytes, stimulated MIF release and not proliferation by CBA/J responders, whereas C3H/HN leukocytes stimulated proliferative responses but not MIF release by CBA/J responders. Since proliferation and MIF release have a similar threshold of activation, their dissociation indicates that different non H-2 alloantigens can specifically activate distinct T cell functions. Moreover, previously unsuspected alloantigen differences between CBA/N and CBA/J are revealed by MIF release. PMID- 7039036 TI - Effect of cyclosporin A on allotransplanted pancreatic fragments to the spleen of totally pancreatectomized dogs. AB - Cyclosporin A (Cy A) was evaluated in dogs to assess its effectiveness of prolonging survival of allogeneic pancreatic islet tissue transplanted to the spleens of totally pancreatectomized mongrel dogs. Thirty-seven dogs were made diabetic by total pancreatectomy. Ten untreated pancreatectomized animals survived a mean (+/-SE) of 6.3 +/- 0.9 days and died with mean (+/-SE) plasma glucose levels of 23.2 +/- 2.7 mmol/liter. Dispersed pancreatic fragments, prepared by collagenase digestion without separation of exocrine and endocrine components, were directly implanted into the splenic pulp of 27 pancreatectomized dogs. Twelve dogs given autotransplants became normoglycemic after 4.3 +/- 0.5 days and remained so until killed at 60 days post-transplant, although normal glucose tolerance tests were not achieved. Eight nonimmunosuppressed dogs given allogeneic pancreatic fragments did not become normoglycemic but survived for 13.0 +/- 2.1 days, the dogs dying with a terminal plasma glucose of 22.7 mmol/liter. An additional seven dogs given allogeneic transplants were given Cy A (oral solution), 25 mg/kg/day, for 14 days, and, although failing to become normoglycemic, survived for 28.1 +/- 5.4 days and died with terminal plasma glucose levels of 25.1 +/- 0.6 mmol/liter. Intrasplenic complications included subcapsular hematomas, intrasplenic necrosis and cavitation, capsular perforations, and arteriolar thrombosis. The failure to achieve normoglycemia with allogeneic dispersed pancreatic tissue in dogs treated with Cy A and the complications associated with the implantation of the tissue in the spleen do not suggest that this approach is worthy of clinical trial. PMID- 7039037 TI - Epidermal alloantigen and the survival of mouse skin allografts. PMID- 7039038 TI - In vivo effects of cyclomunine on murine skin graft rejection. PMID- 7039039 TI - A new perfusate for kidney preservation. PMID- 7039040 TI - A species difference in the efficacy of two intracellular flush solutions. PMID- 7039041 TI - Pancreatic transplantation in the rat. A simplified method using aortic interposition and cuff techniques. PMID- 7039042 TI - Prolongation of kidney transplant survival by cyclosporin A graft pretreatment. Initial experimental trial. PMID- 7039043 TI - Evolution of acute leukemia in a renal transplant patient--? Relationship to azathioprine. PMID- 7039044 TI - Effects of Corynebacterium parvum vaccine in conjunction with immunosuppression in renal transplant in dogs. PMID- 7039045 TI - Prolongation of rat cardiac allografts by pretransplant administration of blood transfusions and cyclosporin A. PMID- 7039046 TI - What is immune regulation? PMID- 7039047 TI - The HLA system -- an overview. PMID- 7039048 TI - Immunologic assessment in clinical medicine. PMID- 7039049 TI - Disorders of immune regulation in human disease. PMID- 7039050 TI - From our laboratories: cyclosporin A. PMID- 7039051 TI - [Diagnosis of the Sheresheskii-Turner syndrome by using dermatoglyphic indices]. PMID- 7039052 TI - [Iu. A. Filipchenko, the founder of Soviet genetics (1882-1930)]. PMID- 7039053 TI - [Use of the MUF-8 and MUF-5 microspectrophotometers for 2-wave cytophotometry]. PMID- 7039054 TI - [Albumin synthesis by mouse liver cells]. AB - The presence of albumin in mouse liver cells was examined using the immunoperoxidase method with the help of monospecific antibodies to mouse serum albumin. All the experiments were carried out on the cell suspension. The rat cells were used as a control in the mixture of rat and mouse liver cells. All mouse hepatocytes were shown to contain serum albumin. Our results are compared with those reported by other authors. The advantages of our method over the routine histological technique are discussed. PMID- 7039055 TI - [Redistribution of concanavalin A receptors on the thrombocyte surface]. AB - Using the indirect immunofluorescence method, it has been shown for the first time that concanavalin A receptors can undergo a redistribution over the surface of platelets spread on the substrate. The distribution of receptors in the intact cells is diffuse and random. Con A receptors, cross-linked by their ligand, are removed from the surface of the lamellar cytoplasm of living substrate-spread platelets. These receptors move into the central part of cell surface. This phenomenon is similar to capping or clearing of lamellar cytoplasm of big nucleated cells. Cytochalasin B (10 mcg/ml) does not prevent the formation of patches of receptors but inhibits the clearing of the lamellar cytoplasm of spread platelets. This result suggests that microfilaments may be involved in the redistribution of receptors. PMID- 7039056 TI - Multiple-puncture tuberculin testing: reason for variable response to tine test. AB - 1040 'Tine Test' (TT) discs from 3 production batches were examined under a dissecting microscope. The dried tuberculin coatings of the 4 metal tines of the test discs were found to vary from being thin and smooth to being thick with droplet formation. Variations in coating were identified in the following proportions: 47% thin, 37% medium, and 16% thick (N = 4160 tines), these proportions varying significantly between the 3 batches (p much less than 0.001). Pairs of thin and thick coated TT discs were selected and applied to 103 tuberculin positive volunteers. When thickly coated TT were applied the sum of the diameters of induration was substantially smaller (p less than 0.001) than when thinly coated TT were used. At a greater than or equal to 2 mm limit for a positive reaction the thick TT failed to detect 16% of subjects positive to a 'Monotest' (MT) or a Mantoux (MX) 10 IU and the thin TT failed to detect 5% (p less than 0.05); at a greater than or equal to 5 mm limit the figures were 77% and 59% (p less than 0.01) respectively. In moderately sensitized populations, thick coated TT could lead to an excess of false negative results. The TT is of limited value as a screening test unless thin and uniform coating of tuberculin can be guaranteed. PMID- 7039057 TI - Spontaneous release of mycophages from lysogenic bovine strains. AB - Mycophages were successfully isolated from lysogenic bovine strains without previous exposure to physical or chemical agents. These mycophages were exposed to 53 mycobacterial strains using ATCC 607 as an indicator strain. These strains included rapidly growing strains, human, bovine, avian, murine and BCG strains of different geographical origin. Mycophages PM/90/69 produced lysis of human bovine, murine, BCG strains and most of the rapidly growing strains; whereas Mycophage V24 was sensitive to some rapidly growing strains only. Avian strains were resistant to both mycophages. PMID- 7039058 TI - Tobramycin versus gentamicin, in combination with cephalotin and carbenecillin, in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. AB - Thirty-six patients with severe aplastic anemia or acute leukemia undergoing bone marrow transplantation or intensive hematologic treatments were randomized to receive gentamicin (1 mg/kg/iv q8h) or tobramycin (1 mg/kg/iv q8h) in combination with carbenecillin (500 mg/kg/day i.v. in 4 doses) and cephalotin (200 mg/kg/day i.v. in 6 doses), at the onset of fever during granulocytopenia. Patients in the gentamicin group were treated for a total of 541 patient days (minimum 5, maximum 106), and patients in the tobramycin group for 426 patient days (minimum 9, maximum 48). All patients received oral decontamination, which included the amino glycoside (either gentamicin or tobramycin) given intravenously. This study showed that 1) no patient had an increase in creatinine level above 1.3 mg % and no patient developed renal failure, 2) there was no difference between gentamicin and tobramycin in the efficacy of treating febrile episodes and/or major infections, 3) prolonged intravenous administration (up to 48 consecutive days in the tobramycin group and 106 consecutive days in the gentamicin group) was well tolerated and effective in treating fever of unknown origin in granulocytopenic patients: 45 of 72 febrile episodes resolved while the patients had a granulocyte count below 500/mm3. PMID- 7039059 TI - [Metrizamide (amipaque) and amidotrezoate (urografin) in femoral arteriography. A double-blind comparison]. PMID- 7039060 TI - [The effect of induction of labor with endocervical balloon catheter with or without estradiol therapy]. PMID- 7039061 TI - [Pain due to urolithiasis treated by intracutaneous injection of sterile water. A clinically controlled double-blind study]. PMID- 7039062 TI - [Clinical trial of the size reducing effect of bromocriptine on pituitary tumors]. PMID- 7039063 TI - [Intramedullary dermoid cyst]. PMID- 7039064 TI - Comparison of standard immunosuppression with adjuvant antilymphoblast globulin in primary cadaver kidney transplant survival. AB - Adjuvant, prophylactic, antilymphoblast globulin and standard immunosuppression have produced comparable long-term cadaver kidney graft survivals at separate institutions. A comparison was made of 35 primary cadaver kidney grafts into recipients treated with prophylactic, adjuvant antilymphoblast globulin to 55 recipients of primary cadaver kidney grafts treated with standard immunosuppression. Antilymphoblast globulin delayed early rejection episodes (P under 0.05), making early post-transplant management simpler. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to graft losses due to rejection at any interval beyond one month. PMID- 7039066 TI - [Fixation of the nasal septum lamellae in surgical interventions for deformities]. PMID- 7039065 TI - [Allergoid therapy effectiveness in seasonal allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tracts]. PMID- 7039067 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis, treatment and expert work capacity evaluation of hand injuries]. PMID- 7039068 TI - [Ivan Stepanovich Kolesnikov (on the 80th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7039069 TI - [Extensive pneumonectomies with resection of the tracheal bifurcation]. AB - Three kinds of resection of the tracheal bifurcation were practically used in combination with extended pneumonectomy in patients with lung carcinoma. They were: graft-wedge shaped resection, wedge-shaped resection with ablation of the carina, resection of the tracheobronchial angle. The application of II-shaped sutures after resection of the trachea and bronchi in 32 patients has revealed a number of their advantages over single interrupted sutures. The outcomes of such interventions are favourable if the operations were performed in non-infected tissues. PMID- 7039070 TI - [Choice of the emergency surgical method in gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer complications]. AB - Under analysis were the results of urgent operations in 197 patients for a perforation of ulcer (112) and ulcerous hemorrhage (85). In perforated ulcer the perforation opening was sutured. The primary resection of the stomach was performed only for strictly limited indications. For ulcerous hemorrhage the operation of choice was resection of the stomach. Elderly and senile patients in critical state were not subjected to extensive resection of the stomach if a less volume of surgery could be possible. PMID- 7039071 TI - [Effect of ultraviolet laser radiation on long-term nonhealing wounds]. PMID- 7039072 TI - [Significance of pig skin transplantation in treating severe burns]. PMID- 7039073 TI - Renal insufficiency in geriatric dogs. PMID- 7039074 TI - Disorders of the spinal cord and spine of the geriatric patient. PMID- 7039075 TI - Use of cythioate to control external parasites on cats and dogs. PMID- 7039076 TI - Field trial to determine the efficacy of two doses of 1 alpha hydroxycholecalciferol in the prevention of milk fever. AB - The efficacy of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1 alpha-HCC) for the prevention of milk fever has been tested in a controlled field trial using a total of 601 cows on 18 farms with a history of a high incidence of milk fever. The trial protocol proposed two doses of 1 alpha-HCC with the first injection seven days before the predicted calving date and a second injection five to seven days later if the cow had not calved. Of 301 cows receiving either one or two injections of 1 alpha-HCC, 70 had milk fever, and of 300 cows that received a placebo, 102 had milk fever. The difference in incidence between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.005) and indicated an overall efficacy of 32 per cent for treatment with 1 alpha-HCC. An improved efficacy was demonstrated in 67 cows that received two injections of 1 alpha-HCC with the second injection administered either on the day of calving or one day previously (60 per cent efficacy). For 42 cows that received a single injection of 1 alpha-HCC between two and five days before calving an efficacy of 79 per cent was achieved. PMID- 7039078 TI - Emergence of S typhimurium U286 in parrots. PMID- 7039077 TI - Mannose-resistant haemagglutination and colonisation factors among Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs. AB - Ten heat-labile (LT) and 23 heat-stable (ST) enterotoxin-producing strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and 100 non-enterotoxigenic E coli (non ETEC) strains isolated from pigs with diarrhoea were examined for the presence of colonisation factors by means of mannose-resistant haemagglutination and serological tests. Seven of 10 LT strains, one of 23 ST and 18 of 100 non-ETEC carried K88 antigen; and four ST and four non-ETEC strains possessed CFA/I antigen. All strains carrying K88, K99 and CFA/I antigens were positive in the mannose-resistant microhaemagglutination (MRMH) test but four ST and 14 non-ETEC isolates positive in the MRMH test did not possess K88, K99 or CFA/I antigens. A considerable number of non-ETEC strains were positive in the MRMH test but lacked K88 and K99 antigens, suggesting that other unknown haemagglutinating colonisation factors may exist in porcine E coli strains. PMID- 7039079 TI - Dietary manipulation of gastric pH in the prophylaxis of enteric disease in weaned pigs: some field observations. PMID- 7039080 TI - FAT for Streptococcus suis type 2 infections. PMID- 7039081 TI - Effect of high acid milk replacer in conjunction with hay and concentrates on the faecal coliform population of preweaned calves. PMID- 7039082 TI - Bovine leptospirosis: microbiological and serological findings in aborted fetuses. AB - Leptospiral infection was diagnosed in 41.6 per cent of 245 randomly selected aborted bovine fetuses and 68.9 per cent of 103 aborted fetuses from farms with abortion problems. Diagnosis was based on combined leptospiral isolates from fetal kidney and eye, and fetal serology and immunofluorescence. Fifty-six of the 58 strains of leptospira isolated belonged to the Hebdomadis serogroup and were similar to serovar hardjo while one of the remaining two strains belonged to the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup and the other to the Canicola serogroup. These findings indicate that serovar hardjo infection is a major factor in the aetiology of bovine abortion and that it is possible to isolate this organism from fetal kidney by the careful application of dilution culture technique. PMID- 7039083 TI - E coli vaccination in pigs. PMID- 7039084 TI - Iatrogenic disease in the newborn. AB - The role of intrapartum asphyxia and cerebral birth trauma as an important cause of perinatal mortality is well known and its contribution to perinatal morbidity as a cause of cerebral palsy is widely appreciated. This has led to more careful monitoring of pregnancy and labour, although monitoring techniques are not without hazard. The widespread availability of intensive care facilities for the newborn has resulted in the survival of many infants, particularly those of low birth weight, who might previously have died. Efficacious modes of treatment may, unfortunately, bring in their wake serious problems in the form of iatrogenic disease which may cause or contribute to rapid demise or whose effects may be fully apparent for many years. Ante natal investigations have also become frequently used and have their own hazards. PMID- 7039085 TI - Carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase in malignant and premalignant conditions of the human digestive tract. AB - The presence of carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase (CP Alk P) was demonstrated in the cells of malignant and premalignant states of the human stomach, colon and rectum using the immunoperoxidase technique. It was shown to be present in 7 out of 18 carcinomas of stomach and 7 of 17 cases of carcinoma of colon and rectum. In the putative premalignant states it was demonstrated in 4 of 15 cases of intestinal metaplasia associated with gastric carcinoma, and 9 of 12 tubulovillous adenomas of colon. However, it was also demonstrated in 5 of 8 metaplastic polyps of colon which are not neoplastic and in 9 of 17 cases of intestinal metaplasia not associated with cancer of the stomach. It was not seen in normal gastric mucosa and only faintly in 1 of 11 samples of normal colon. CP Alk P has been shown to be a specific marker of malignancy in a wide range of human cancers when studied in sera from patients or in tissue culture of tumour cells. In this study however, although a statistical difference exists between normal and diseased tissue the marker appears as frequently in non-neoplastic states. It is concluded that CP Alk P is, in tissues, a marker of proliferative activity in cells, rather than neoplastic or malignant change. In this respect it is similar in some respects to carcinoembryonic antigen, but not other markers of placental origin such as pregnancy specific beta, glycoprotein. PMID- 7039086 TI - The role of rho in bacteriophage T4 development. I. Control of growth and polarity. PMID- 7039087 TI - Interaction of escherichia coli RNA polymerase with the genome of Proteus mirabilis phage 5006M. PMID- 7039088 TI - The role of rho in bacteriophage T4 development. II. mot-dependent (middle mode) RNA synthesis. PMID- 7039089 TI - Adenovirus type 12 T antigen-related surface antigen detected by immunofluorescence on the membrane of transformed and infected cells. PMID- 7039090 TI - Transient enhanced synthesis of a cellular protein following infection of Aedes albopictus cells with Sindbis virus. PMID- 7039091 TI - Biogenesis of vaccina: interrelationship between post-translational cleavage, virus assembly, and maturation. PMID- 7039092 TI - Product of adenovirus type 2 early gene block E1 in transformed cells elicits cytolytic response in syngeneic rats. PMID- 7039093 TI - [Kidney function in hot climates]. PMID- 7039094 TI - [Use of physical exercises in internal diseases]. PMID- 7039096 TI - [Liver mitochondrial participation in the body adaptation reactions in a rat heart transplant]. AB - Alterations in coupling of respiration and phosphorylation as well as in energy dependent transport of calcium in liver mitochondria of recipient were studied in dynamics of antigenic response to rat heart transplantation. As compared with the normal state the reactions studied varied in opposite directions, towards activation (hyperergic step) within 1-4 days after the heart transplantation and to decrease in their activity (hyperergic step) within 6-10 days; the latter period was characterized by development of the state similar to pathological one. Increased in amount of endogenous succinic acid as well as in succinate dehydrogenase activity were apparently among the other factors responsible for activation of energy metabolism in the hyperergic state. The reactions of liver mitochondria studied were identified as unspecific adaptation of the recipient liver tissue, which might be used for diagnosis of early steps of rejection crisis. PMID- 7039095 TI - [New data on heparin (a review)]. AB - Detailed studied on heparin, carried out within recent 3-5 years, are reviewed. Characterization of the chemical structure and physical parameters of heparin, data on conformation of the macromolecule of heparin and its biosynthesis are discussed. The proteoglycan localization in tissues and cells is also considered. Various functions of heparin are discussed on the basis of the current information. Perspectives of future research on heparin are summarized. PMID- 7039097 TI - [Importance of insulin- and thiamine-dependent processes in regulating lipid metabolism in the rat liver]. AB - Lipid metabolism in liver tissue, adipocyte sizes and dynamics of body mass alteration were studied after administration of insulin, hydroxythiamine both and their mixtures into rats. In presence of insulin content of triglycerides as well as the rate of 6-3H-glucose incorporation into total lipids, fatty acids, phospholipids and triglycerides was increased in liver tissue. Administration of hydroxythiamine both into intact animals and into the rats treated with insulin led to decrease in content of fatty acids in liver tissue, triglycerides in liver tissue and blood serum as well as to lowering in the rate of 6-3H-glucose incorporation into fatty acids and triglycerides of liver tissue. Insulin activated and hydroxythiamine inhibited the liver tissue acetyl-CoA-carboxylase. Among other factors inhibition of lipogenesis appears to be the most important for decrease in the size of adipocytes and in body mass of the animals treated with hydroxythiamine. PMID- 7039098 TI - [New method of preparing antibody immunosorbents for nonprotein antigens]. PMID- 7039099 TI - [Antioxidative system, ontogenesis, and aging (review)]. PMID- 7039100 TI - [Problems and prospects of the use of liposomes for directed transport of drugs (review)]. PMID- 7039101 TI - [Changes in the blood level of certain hormones of immature rats after thermal burn]. PMID- 7039102 TI - [Ivan Stepanovich Kolesnikov (80th birthday)]. PMID- 7039103 TI - [In vivo and in vitro studies of mutagenic properties of carcinogenic N nitramines]. PMID- 7039104 TI - [Rehabilitation of breast cancer patients]. PMID- 7039105 TI - [50th anniversary of the First All-Union Congress of Oncologists (recollections of a participant)]. PMID- 7039106 TI - [1st International Conference on Cancer Research (75th anniversary)]. PMID- 7039107 TI - [Immediate results of gastrectomies for cancer with the creation of an invaginated esophago-intestinal anastomosis]. PMID- 7039108 TI - [Prevention of lung cancer]. PMID- 7039109 TI - [Etiology of tumors of the oral cavity and lips]. PMID- 7039110 TI - [On the 80th anniversary of the birth of Prof. A.I. Rakov]. PMID- 7039111 TI - [Main trends in the experimental study of lung tumors]. PMID- 7039112 TI - [Current diagnostic methods in lung cancer]. PMID- 7039113 TI - [Modern cytological diagnosis of lung cancer]. PMID- 7039114 TI - [Chemotherapy principles in lung cancer]. PMID- 7039115 TI - [Extensive operations in breast cancer]. PMID- 7039116 TI - [Body reactions to antigenic stimulation]. PMID- 7039117 TI - [Benign hyperbilirubinemias (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7039118 TI - [Chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy of influenza with rimantadine]. PMID- 7039119 TI - [Detection of antibodies to surface (anti-HBs) and core (anti-HBc) antigens of hepatitis B virus by the fluorescent antibody technic]. PMID- 7039120 TI - [Development and current status of the Institute of Internal Diseases]. PMID- 7039121 TI - [Major events in the history and development of the Department of Internal Disease Propedeutics]. PMID- 7039122 TI - [Need for scientific medical information by internists working in the therapeutic and prophylactic system]. AB - A study was carried out on the necessity of scientific medical information (SMI) among the internists, engaged in the practical public health care according to the methods: inquiry, collective expert evaluation and entropic. The results revealed that the scientific medical periodicals, books and drug catalogues are preferred as a source of SMI, whereas the secondary sources indexes, surveys, congress materials are less known and used. Of occupational and scientific interest is the scientific information on the fresh news of the methods about: a) diagnostics; b) treatment and c) new drugs. The inquired physicians gave the priority to addressed and current information. Sixty one per cent of them spend 60 min. weekly in retrieving the necessary SMI, and 40 per cent--over 240 min weekly, processing the relevant literature found. PMID- 7039123 TI - [Development and current status of the Department of Clinical Laboratories]. PMID- 7039124 TI - [Development and current status of the Department of Pharmacology and Phytotherapy]. PMID- 7039125 TI - [Classification of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7039126 TI - [Captopril]. PMID- 7039127 TI - [Antithrombin III and its role in normal and pathological hemostasis]. AB - The paper is a survey on the latest up-to-date data on the character, determination methods, physiology, pathophysiology and clinical significance of one of most important factors of anticoagulation system--antithrombin III. Its normal activity is of essential importance for physiological hemostasis. It could be reduced via diminished production, increased elimination and intensified consumption, particularly in case of concomitant grave states and diseases. The enhanced activity of antithrombin III, found most frequently in the treatment with indirect anticoagulants, renal transplantations, and application of anabolic steroids, has given no data of clinical importance so far. Numerous of the outlined problems remain still not sufficiently elucidated. PMID- 7039128 TI - [Clinical study of a combination of medical plants with antihypertensive action]. PMID- 7039129 TI - [Development and current status of the Department of Internal Diseases]. PMID- 7039130 TI - [Vasodilator treatment of chronic heart failure: a chronic double-blind trial with prazosin and erythrityl tetranitrate]. AB - A chronic double-blind experiment was carried out with 32 patients with severe chronic stasis cardiac insufficiency, with concomitant idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease, in assessing the effect of vasodilators prazosin or erythrityl tetranitrate upon the decompensation symptomatics and hemodynamic indices. The clinical indices of cardiac insufficiency with hemodynamic signs of pre-loading, myocardial contractility and postloading of left ventricle were followed up. Besides vasodilators the patients were administered the ordinary maintenance therapy with digoxin and diuretics. The experiment was a double blind one, controlled by placebo-periods and covered a 6 months follow-up period. The combined venous-arteriolar vasodilator prazosin was reduced pre and post-loading, it increased the cardiac output, without essential changes in functional capacity of the patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency. Erythrityl tetranitrate, however, has no substantial effect on the clinical and hemodynamic indices of statis cardiac insufficiency even in higher doses. That suggests the necessity of the chronic cardiac insufficiency treatment to be carried out with vasodilators with venous and arteriolar effect. PMID- 7039131 TI - Effect of venipuncture on glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid levels. PMID- 7039132 TI - Important infections in elderly persons. AB - Elderly persons are prone to more frequent or greater morbidity and higher mortality from selected infectious diseases than the average population. Factors that may affect this increased predilection or poorer prognosis include environmental exposure, normal physiological changes of aging, coexistence of chronic diseases and alteration of host defense mechanisms. Infections to which the aged are particularly vulnerable are pneumonia, influenza, tuberculosis, urinary tract infection, Gram-negative bacteremia, intra-abdominal sepsis, soft tissue infection, infective endocarditis, bacterial meningitis, bacterial arthritis and herpes zoster infection. PMID- 7039133 TI - Drug prescribing for the elderly. AB - Age-related biologic and physiologic changes, the accumulation of multiple pathologic conditions with increasing age and several socioeconomic considerations combine to make drug prescribing for the elderly one of the most challenging tasks in clinical medicine. Numerous studies in older persons have documented alterations in the pharmacology of many drugs. Several general recommendations are presented which should make drug prescribing for elderly patients safer and more effective. PMID- 7039134 TI - Urinary incontinence in the elderly. AB - Urinary incontinence is a common and distressing problem for elderly patients, their families and friends, and the health professionals who care for them. It is a heterogeneous condition, and appropriate management depends on a thorough evaluation and understanding of the multiple factors that can play a role in its cause and perpetuation. Identifying reversible causes of transient incontinence, and appropriate management of incontinence that is associated with acute illness, can be important in preventing the problem from becoming established.A thorough diagnostic evaluation of urinary incontinence in the elderly, and appropriate use of the different types of therapy, will greatly improve the management in these cases. The need and opportunities for research to improve the management of incontinent elderly persons should be considered by all those involved in caring for this population. PMID- 7039136 TI - Nontoxic staphylococcal pneumonia with empyema in a renal transplant recipient. PMID- 7039135 TI - Operations for management of esophageal variceal hemorrhage. AB - Many surgical procedures, including four categories of portal-systemic shunts and a variety of nonshunting operations, have been proposed for patients who bleed from esophagogastric varices. As data have accumulated from clinical trials designed to assess these operations, no single procedure has emerged as ideal for all patients. The urgency of surgical operation, status of hepatic hemodynamics and experience of the surgeon appear to be the most important factors to consider in selecting the appropriate operation for a patient. The timing of the operation with respect to the acute bleeding episode remains controversial. As more effective, conservative methods for temporarily controlling hemorrhage have become available, however, most surgeons now prefer elective procedures because they have lower surgical mortality than emergency intervention. Selective portal systemic shunts (distal splenorenal shunt and left gastric-vena caval shunt) and nonshunting operations are probably the only procedures that preserve hepatic portal perfusion and thus are less frequently complicated by postoperative encephalopathy than completely diverting shunts. Side-to-side portal-systemic shunts, because they decompress hepatic sinusoids and the splanchnic viscera, are the most effective operations for relieving ascites. None of the available procedures have been proved by controlled trials to be superior to others with respect to long-term postoperative survival. PMID- 7039137 TI - More on neurosyphilis. PMID- 7039138 TI - Regional kidney sharing program for patients with broadly reactive lymphocytotoxic antibodies. PMID- 7039139 TI - Perinephric and intranephric abscesses: a review of the literature. AB - Perinephric and intranephric (renal cortical and corticomedullary) abscesses, which may coexist, are associated with considerable mortality (21 percent to 56 percent) and are often difficult to diagnose. Most cases of renal cortical abscess are due to hematogenous seeding from distant foci of infection (often involving Staphylococcus aureus), while corticomedullary and perinephric abscesses are most often due to complications of urinary tract infections. Newer noninvasive studies such as ultrasonography, computerized tomography, gallium scanning and indium-labeled leukocyte scanning may facilitate determination of the diagnosis. While antibiotic therapy alone may suffice for the treatment of cortical abscesses, surgical drainage is an added requirement for the treatment of perinephric abscess. PMID- 7039141 TI - [Evaluation of the results of using aspirin in preventing recurrence of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7039140 TI - [Evaluation of the methods used in microbiological diagnosis of mycoses and Trichomonas infections of the genital tract]. PMID- 7039142 TI - [Undesirable effects of the use of cimetidine]. PMID- 7039143 TI - [Medicinalia in the first Polish periodical "Merkuriusz Polski"]. PMID- 7039144 TI - [Cholera in Szczecin in the first half of the 19th century]. PMID- 7039145 TI - [In memory of Prof. Zygmunt Gancarz (12 April 1929--29 May 1979)]. PMID- 7039146 TI - [The value of sports in the prevention and rehabilitation of coronary disease]. PMID- 7039147 TI - [Results of an open study and a controlled comparative study of feprazone and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthrosis (author's transl)]. AB - The so-called non-steroid antirheumatics have considerable significance in medical armamentarium for controlling polyetiological complexes of diseases. The numerous new developments are designed to reduce the side effects, some of which seem inevitable with increased efficacy. In this two-part study the authors deal with the new Feprazone. Prior to a double-blind randomized comparative study against Naproxen, an open study on effect and tolerance was performed in ten rheumatic patients over three months. In the second part a controlled study was carried out in 30 patients for four weeks following this treatment. The patients half of whom were each given 600 mg Feprazone or 750 mg Naproxen showed a definite improvement in the rheumatic symptoms as compared with their initial situation. A difference in therapeutic efficacy and tolerance was only noticeable in a slight trend in favour of Feprazone. PMID- 7039148 TI - Specific and nonspecific immunotherapy as an adjunct to curative surgery for cancer of the lung. AB - Attempts to improve survival following curative surgery for non-small-cell lung cancer are reviewed. Most of these approaches have been designed to stimulate the resistance of lung cancer patients in a non-specific fashion. Living bacteria or products of dead bacteria have been given as adjunctive treatment. Various routes have been used; oral, intradermal, subdermal, or intrapleural, with either BCG or Corynebacterium parvum. No reproducible benefit has been observed. Levamisole has not been proven to be useful. Trials have yet to be completed to confirm the use of thymosin fraction V for small cell carcinoma in improving the effectiveness of chemotherapy. A pilot trial using specific active immunotherapy is described. Prolongation of survival four years after closure of the trial in those patients immunized, compared with non-immunized patients, has prompted two further clinical trials. A small trial has confirmed the effectiveness of specific immunotherapy as adjunctive therapy for squamous cell carcinoma. A large multicenter trial in Canada and the United States should be completed and open to analysis in 1984 and may shed light on the role of tumor-associated antigens in stimulating specific resistance to lung cancer. PMID- 7039149 TI - How to make a hybridoma. AB - The use of monoclonal antibodies produced by the hybridoma technique has had a profound impact on the biological and medical sciences. While the general technique for the production of monoclonal antibodies is available from the numerous papers which report their use, there is a need for a source which describes the procedure and its pitfalls in detail so that an investigator who decides to make hybridomas can do so quickly and easily. This guide provides such a source. PMID- 7039150 TI - [Leaching of ores with heterotrophic microorganisms. Development of a screening method]. AB - Besides leaching of sulfide ores with thiobacilli, a second way of microbial leaching is tested with carbon-heterotrophic fungi and bacteria for those types of ores, where thiobacilli fail to work. The active agents are metabolic products, f. i. organic acids, which are released into the medium producing water soluble compounds with heavy metals. A screening method is described for recognizing active strains in samples of soil, metal-containing sites, mining heaps and other biocoenoses, using the dilution method in plates with different media. The critical signs of supposed leaching activity are halo formations around growing colonies in turbid agar media with suspended particles of Ca carbonate or Ca phosphates of low solubility, and in a second group of experiments with insoluble compounds of heavy metals, f. i. oxides. The leaching activity was tested with metal compounds suspended in liquid media and inoculated with active strains of the screening program. First results were reached with oxides of copper (CuO), uranium (U3O8) and an uranium-containing phosphorite. PMID- 7039151 TI - Effects of ethanol on the temperature profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Ethanol at concentrations above 3% (w/v) decreased the maximum temperature for growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch culture. At 9% (w/v), the highest concentration tested, the maximum temperature suffered a decrease of about 10 degrees centigrade. At effective concentrations ethanol shifted the ARRHENIUS plots of growth and death in the superoptimal temperature range to lower temperature while an associative temperature profile was maintained. Thus at a concentration of 6% (w/v), ethanol depressed the optimum temperature for growth from 37 degree C to 25 degree C, the final maximum temperature for growth from 40 degree C to 33 degree C and the initial maximum temperature for growth from 44 degree C to 36 degree C. The results indicate that during alcoholic batch fermentation these three cardinal temperatures are variables, the values of which decrease with increasing ethanol concentration. When the ethanol concentration becomes high enough to depress them successively below the process temperature, the yeast population becomes increasingly subject to ethanol-enhanced thermal death. Implications of the findings for the production of fermentation ethanol in batch and continuous processes are discussed. PMID- 7039152 TI - [ds-DNA- and denaturized ds-DNA auto-antibodies in old age and their pathological determination (author's transl)]. AB - The antibodies of 50 old people of the age over 70 years were determined against ds-DNA and denaturized ds-DNA by the immune-fluorescence method, and it can be stated that denaturized ds-DNA antibodies are traceable in 16% of these sera. Such antibodies could not be found in control tests of seras of young people. However, the old people did not show may clinical symptom typical of the disease caused by these antibodies. In particular, there were no indications of an auto immune disease, for that reason, these antibodies are to be considered as optional pathological ones. PMID- 7039153 TI - Insulin response to repeated stimuli in the aged: evidence of no exhaustion. PMID- 7039154 TI - [The problem of the use of antibiotics in animal production and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains in man]. AB - The application of various antibiotics (penicillin, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol a.o.) as growth stimulators in feed-stuff for calves, lambs, pigs and for fattened poultry in low dosage (20 150 mg/kg feed), leads to the fact that already after a short time a great share of antibiotic-resistant strains appears in the intestinal flora, in which may be contained also pathogenic strains (e.g. species of Salmonella). In most cases a multifarious resistance is developed, conditioned by R-plasmides. Through the excretions of the animals a part of the resistant bacteria goes into the air and may taken up by man. The resistant bacteria may be transferred to man also by food-stuff of animal origin (meat, milk, eggs). The great increase of the settlement of the intestinal canal of man with resistant strains of bacteria is for a large part to be traced back to the acceptance of such germs from useful animals. Due to this development also the therapeutic effectiveness of many antibiotics in medicine is much decreased. In future only such antibiotics shall be used in the feeding of animals, which cannot be used therapeutically. Also other ergotropics are increasingly used. PMID- 7039155 TI - [Oskar Minkowski (1858-1931)]. PMID- 7039156 TI - [Reconstruction of the bile ducts in the rat using choledocho-choledochostomy over a lost drain. Studies on an autologous model and orthotopic liver transplantation]. AB - Four different techniques for reconstruction of the bile drainage have been employed in an autologous model. Biochemical liver parameters e. g. Bilirubin, AP, GPT and GOT, cholangiography and histology proved the superiority of our method of an intraductal tubus technique (lost drain method). The covering of the bile duct with the mobilised greater omentum seems to be important for a rapid revascularisation. The superiority of our method was proven in orthotopic liver isografting as well. PMID- 7039157 TI - [Frequency and significance of infections due to Yersinia enterocolitica in "acute appendicitis" (author's transl)]. AB - In 352 patients who were hospitalized with symptoms of an acute appendicitis, Yersinia infection were determined in 18.2% of the cases by cultural and serological methods. Infections due to Y. enterocolitica (Y. e.) serovar 0:3 were approximately 6 times more frequent than those due to Y. e. serovar 0:9. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Y. pstbc.) could only be isolated in one patient from a mesenterial lymph node. In another case Yersinia serovar 0:6 could be isolated as well as Y. e. serovar 0:3. The majority of the infections were found in the age group 9-12 years. The incidence was highest in the summer months June-August. PMID- 7039158 TI - [Recanalization by intracoronary infusion of streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. Hospital course in 204 patients (author's transl)]. AB - A multicenter study evaluated the early management and subsequent hospital course of 204 patients with acute myocardial infarction who were receiving intracoronary infusions of streptokinase (STK). The in-hospital mortality in 37 patients with thrombotic occlusion of the infarct-related vessel, in whom recanalization could not be achieved, was 24%. However, the cardiac mortality in 129 patients who were successfully treated by percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization (PTCR) was only 5.4%. Cardiac deaths (5 patients) and nonfatal reinfarctions (20 patients) occurred in the early period in the cardiac care unit (CCU) in 21% of the latter group and, despite anticoagulation measures, could not be consistently prevented. Hemorrhagic complications, necessitating blood transfusion, occurred in 15 (7.4%) of the total 204 patients in the group, usually in the acute CCU stage, and were positively related to decline of fibrinogen serum concentrations below 100 mg/dl and to use of the Judkins technique. The later course of most of the patients on the general ward was uneventful until hospital discharge. Thus there were only 2 more cardiac deaths, and of 64 successfully treated STK-PTCR patients who left the CCU without clinical indications of reinfarction and agreed to repeat coronary angiography before hospital discharge, the infarct-related vessel was patent in 59 patients and reoccluded in only 5 (7.8%). PMID- 7039159 TI - [Early and late changes of left ventricular function after non-surgical reperfusion (by intracoronary streptokinase infusion) in evolving myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7039160 TI - Comparison of the antiarrhythmic activity of mexiletine and lorcainide on ventricular arrhythmias. AB - In a blind cross-over study, 12 patients with ventricular arrhythmias (VPC's; Lown Grades II-IVB) resistant to a daily dose of quinidine 1.2 g, disopyramide 0.8 g, N-propyl-ajmaline 0.1 g were randomly given, each dose for one week, placebo (PL), mexiletine (MEX; 400, 600, 800 mg daily) and lorcainide (LOR; 200, 300, 400 mg daily). On the last day of each treatment period, patients were evaluated by 24-h continuous ambulatory monitoring, 6-channel surface ECG, plasma concentrations and side-effects. During PL I (before) and PL II (after drug treatment), the mean number of VPCs per hour was 670 and 701. VPCs were reduced in 5 of the 12 patients with MEX by 43% (400 mg), 74% (600 mg) and 91% (800 mg). VPCs were reduced in 10 patients with LOR by 60% (200 mg), 78% (300 mg) and 93% (400 mg). Log. lin. plasma conc. effect relationships were constructed for MEX and LOR. Vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain were seen in 2 patients with MEX; insomnia and feeling heat in 10 patients with LOR. At the end of the LOR treatment, these side-effects were less in 5 and absent in 5 patients. In this study, LOR seems superior to MEX in refractory ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 7039161 TI - Influence of norepinephrine on vessel geometry of the intact femoral artery in juvenile insulin-dependent diabetics-evidence of early diabetic angiopathy in central arteries. AB - A modified M-mode ultrasound echo system had been employed to study blood-vessel geometry of the intact femoral artery before and after Norepinephrine (NE) infusion. 14 patients with juvenile IDDM aged below 35 years and 11 healthy subjects participated in the study. In the diabetic group, wall distensibility (delta D/delta P) was reduced (p less than 0.01) at control conditions. After NE infusion, wall distensibility decreased in both groups (p less than 0.01). The decrease of wall distensibility is due to an increase in pulse pressure (delta P) (p less than 0.002) in the diabetic group and a reduction of pulsatile diameter (delta D) (p less than 0.02) in the normal group. Increased stiffening of the arteriaL wall after NE infusion with progressive reduction of wall strain (delta D/Dd) is the typical finding in the normal group. No change of wall strain was observed in the diabetic group. The functional alteration of the diabetic femoral artery may be described as diminished resistance of the arterial wall to the distending force of rising blood pressure. PMID- 7039162 TI - [Ultrastructural modifications in the pigeon islets of Langerhans after epiphysectomy and treatment with epifizan (author's transl)]. AB - The endocrine pancreas in pigeon consists of three types of Langerhans' islets (light, dark and mixed) each one having D, A and B cells in different proportions, representing 42%, 32% and 25%, respectively, from the total amount of endocrine pancreas. The D-cells are electrondense and contain many large spheric secretory granules (300...500 nm) with an adherent membrane to its content. The A-cells are spheric or columnal in shape, having few cell organelles, a low electron density and contain spheric or oval secretory granules (200...400 nm) with a narrow space between the membrane and its content. The B cells are elongated, electrondense, have many cell-organelles and contain many polymorph secretory granules (180...260 nm) which have in their majority a crystalline content which is separated from the membrane by a halo. After epiphysectomy the A (glucagon-secreting) and B (insulin-secreting) cells appear to be stimulated: the nuclei are enlarged, the synthesis processes are accelerated and the secretory granules increased. The stimulation of the glucagon synthesis is the consequence of the hypoglycaemia, caused by pinealectomy. The D (somatostatin-secreting) cells appear to be inhibited, having decreased secretory granules and modifications of some cell-organelles. This seems to be connected only with hypertrophy of the B-cells. After epiphysectomy followed by a treatment with Epizifan, the A-cells appear to be exhausted, caused by a persistent secretory activity, these cells containing only a small quantity of immature secretory granules. The B-cells are overloaded with secretory granules, having some damaged cell-organelles and appear to be inhibited in the releasing of their secretory granules. The D-cells are very active, rich in secretory granules, allowing the conclusion that an active synthesis and secretion have been taking place. These facts could be explained only by an inner regulation mechanism of the Langerhan's islet which is disturbed by pinealectomy but not restored by the nonspecific (cattle) Epifizan. PMID- 7039163 TI - Short method of processing animal tissues at 40 degree C for electron microscopy. AB - Authors described a short-term method of fixation, dehydration and infiltration of animal tissues at the temperature of 40 degree C. The kidneys and livers of laboratory mice were used for experiments. Duration of described method was about 6 hrs. The quality of dehydration and embedding was good and there were no sectioning problems. Authors found no differences in basic ultrastructural features of tissues processed at 40 degree C against those processed at 20 degree C or 4 degree C. A short fixation at 40 degree C is therefore recommended, particularly for tissues from renal biopsies. PMID- 7039164 TI - Chemical aspects of the mutagenic activity of the ascorbic acid autoxidation system. AB - It has been proposed that the mutagenic activity associated with the ascorbic acid autoxidation system may involve hydrogen peroxide and peroxide radicals. We report here that the system may involve hydrogen peroxide and peroxide radicals. We report there that the mutagenic effect may also partially reside in as yet unknown secondary products. The observed mutagenicity of 2,3-diketogulonic acid, one of the main oxidation products, reflects its ability to form hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 7039165 TI - Differential fluorescence and kinetic studies on the template-binding of RNA polymerase from parsley and Escherichia coli. AB - A fluorescence spectroscopy method is described for studying association of RNA polymerase with DNA templates. Using double beam differential fluorescence at excitation and emission wavelengths of 285 and 335 nm, respectively, the new technique discriminates non-specific decrease of fluorescence intensity by addition of DNA from quenching of polymerase fluorescence by protein-nucleic acid interactions. Comparing the results with studies of UMP incorporation into RNA, the Ks-values of template-binding were in good agreement with the values for RNA synthesis, pointing to specific interaction of polymerase and the DNA template measured by the fluorescence method. While E. coli enzyme showed higher affinity for templates measured by the fluorescence method. While E. coli enzyme showed higher affinity for templates such as heat denatured poly [d(A-T)] parsley RNA polymerase I accepted such templates with the interaction of both enzymes with single-stranded DNA-templates. UMP incorporation studies suggest that transcription is a cooperative process. PMID- 7039166 TI - [Stages in the development of interrelations between autogenic and reflex motor mechanisms in the ontogeny of homeotherms]. PMID- 7039167 TI - [Objective study of rational behavior in animals]. PMID- 7039168 TI - [Interrelation between divergent and convergent phenomena as a general principle of nervous system activity]. PMID- 7039169 TI - [Cellular mechanisms of the Frank-Starling phenomenon]. PMID- 7039170 TI - [Structure and function of the basic chromatin proteins of the male gametes in animals]. PMID- 7039171 TI - [Mitochondria and posttraumatic regeneration]. PMID- 7039172 TI - [Transplantation of portions of the brain in amphibians and mammals]. PMID- 7039173 TI - [Effect of geroprotectors on carcinogenesis]. PMID- 7039175 TI - [Model for program coordination of research development in the areas of medicine and public health]. PMID- 7039174 TI - [Health care research. Elisabeth Hamrin - nurse who became a Ph. D]. PMID- 7039176 TI - [Role of bioantioxidants in dermatology and the perspectives in their use]. PMID- 7039177 TI - [Hemodes in the treatment of psoriasis]. PMID- 7039178 TI - Acute malaria in children in Madang: endemicity, clinical presentation and treatment. AB - Much of the present knowledge of the status of malaria in Papua New Guinea stems from a few studies carried out in the past. In the present situation there are many areas of uncertainty not least the effects of poor acceptance of residual spraying programmes and the emergence of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. New anti-malarials are being developed, new methods of vector control may become useful and immunization may soon become possible. In order to assess the impact of these measures it is essential that they are studied in an area with a well defined population and where the current epidemiological situation is known. PMID- 7039179 TI - Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Madang children. PMID- 7039180 TI - [Prostatovesiculectomy and en-bloc pelvic lymphadenectomy in prostatic carcinoma]. PMID- 7039181 TI - [Hygienic configuration for faced pontics]. PMID- 7039182 TI - [Biolox screw implants]. PMID- 7039183 TI - [Enzymatic studies of the thermophilic hydrocarbon utilizing fungi strains Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor lusitanicus (author's transl)]. AB - The activities of catalase, peroxydase, and of the chitinolytic enzymes of the thermophilic hydrocarbon-utilizing fungal strains of Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor lusitanicus, grown in n-alkane (KW) or glucose (Glc) medium at different temperatures with additions of KCN, NaNO3, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATA), and CaCl2 and with a shift culture from Glc to KW medium were determined. The enzymatic activities, able to cleave H2O2, were cytochemically shown in the hyphae with 3,3-diamino-benzidine-tetrahydrochloride (DAB) reagent. The colouring of the mycelium was most intense during the linear growth phase in the KW medium. The DAB oxydation could completely by suppressed by pre-incubation of the mycelium with the enzyme inhibitors KCN or ATA and incubation in the standard medium without H2O2. The catalase and peroxydase activities were higher in the KW medium than in the Glc medium, where highest activities occurred at the start of the linear and the stationary growth phase. The pre-incubation of the enzyme solution with the inhibitors KCN, NaNO2 or ATA gave maximum inhibition with ATA, likewise gave the addition of ATA to the medium the highest inhibition of the enzymatic activities, connected with an extension of the initial growth phase. Addition of CaCl2 increased the catalase and peroxydase activities, where catalase at 40 degrees C and peroxydase at 50 degrees C showed maximum growth. A shift of the growing mycelium from Glc to KW medium confirmed the correlation of KW utilization and high catalase activity. The highest chitinolytic activities were ascertained at the beginning of the linear growth phase at a temperature of 40 degrees C. The results were discussed. PMID- 7039185 TI - Bovine alveolar macrophages. Phagocytic activation of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in bovine pulmonary lavage cells. PMID- 7039184 TI - Investigations on Tyzzer's organisms by immunofluorescence microscopy. PMID- 7039186 TI - [Effect of staphylokinase and proteases from Staphylococcus aureus on coagulase determination]. PMID- 7039187 TI - Occurrence and transfer of plasmids for antibiotic resistance and enterotoxin production in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli of swine origin. PMID- 7039188 TI - [Important dates in 1982]. PMID- 7039189 TI - [Critical analysis of "Freudo-Marxism"]. PMID- 7039191 TI - [Technic of microsurgical restoration of peripheral nerve trunks]. PMID- 7039190 TI - [Various problems in modern psychosurgery]. PMID- 7039192 TI - [50th anniversary of the Scientific Research Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR]. PMID- 7039194 TI - [Antibiotic prophylaxis in general surgery]. AB - In their discussion of the problem of antibiotic prophylaxis in general surgery the authors maintain that routine-like antibiotic prophylaxis is not indicated in general surgery, but is superfluous and even harmful. So-called "b ind prophylaxis" is senseless and there is no "total prophylaxis". Antibiotic prophylaxis can be successful when it is selective, aimed, adapted to the individual subject and the antibiotic reaches an effective concentration at the appropriate moment not only in the serum but also in the tissues. Infection can be of exogenous and of endogenous origin. Prevention of exogenous infections does not depend upon antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic prophylaxis is contra-indicated when the operation is performed o a clean region. The problem of antibiotic prophylaxis in the course of operations of the bile duct, the stomach, the intestine and pancreas. during appendectomy and colorectal operations is discussed in detail. Post-operative infections of the respiratory tract cannot be prevented by antibiotic prophylaxis. Finally, the authors try to find an answer to the problem when and how antibiotic prophylaxis should be applied, what antibiotic should be used for how long and in what doses. PMID- 7039193 TI - [Treatment of complex forms of infantile cerebral palsy using multiple intracerebral electrodes]. AB - On the example of treating patients suffering from infantile cerebral paralysis (ICP) by means of multiple intracerebral electrodes, the authors demonstrate one of the approaches to solving the main methodological problems of stereotaxic neurosurgery: whether or not destruction in the given subcortical structure in the given patient is indicated; what volume of destruction is required for producing the maximum clinical effect. Mechanomyographic recording of the muscle tone was used along with the clinical evaluation as one of the principal methods for appraising the changes in the patient's motor sphere. Changes were shown inthe mechanomyographic characteristics of the muscle tone in response to diagnostic or therapeutic effect on the chosen subcortical structures. It is not possible to recommend a universal combination of structures promising for destruction even in clinically similar cases of ICP on the basic of the material presented. It is necessary to thoroughly appraise the results of the diagnostic effects (polarizations) in every patient and then implement selected dosaged destruction in the chosen subcortical structures. PMID- 7039195 TI - Amiodarone versus quinidine in the prophylaxis of atrial fibrillation. PMID- 7039196 TI - Computer ECG analysis: a review. PMID- 7039197 TI - A model of the cardiovascular regulation as a diagnostic tool in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7039198 TI - Effect of an oral diet exclusively composed of carbohydrates on high density lipoprotein composition. PMID- 7039199 TI - Alterations in low density lipoprotein catabolism following enzymatic removal of sialic acid. PMID- 7039201 TI - [Reduction of sensitivity to colicin B in E. coli K-12 strains carrying plasmids of the S incompatibility group]. PMID- 7039200 TI - Physical exercise and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. PMID- 7039202 TI - Effects of 13-CIS retinoids on premalignant and malignant cells of lung origin. AB - Deficiency of vitamin A has been shown to cause squamous metaplasia of the epithelium of the tracheobronchial tree. Vitamin A analogues, such as retinoid acid, have been shown to be effective in the treatment of various skin disorders in humans; these compounds have also caused a reduction in the incidence of carcinogen-induced tumors in experimental animals. For these reasons, a clinical trial with orally administered 13-CIS retinoic acid was conducted in 26 patients with varying degrees of cytologic abnormalities in sputum, ranging from moderately atypical metaplasia to overt carcinoma. The drug was administered in daily doses from 1 to 2.5 mg/kg or until toxicity was observed. The cytologic effects of the drug were monitored in sputum. The treatment did not affect the quantitative aspects of sputum cytology. However, degenerative alterations were observed in many of the abnormal cells. Although the experience with 13-CIS retinoic acid reported in this paper is too small for statistical analysis, the cytotoxic effects observed are sufficiently intriguing to suggest further studies in humans and experimental animals. PMID- 7039205 TI - [The Marcelo Royer lecture. The importance of clinical research in the training of the physician]. PMID- 7039204 TI - [Effect of cimetidine on lactose activity in patients with duodenal ulcer]. AB - A significant decrease of the lactose levels (p less than .001) and of the glucose peaks after an overcharge of lactose (p less than .01) were found in 10 patients with duodenal ulcer after a treatment of 35 days with 1,2 daily grams of Cimetidine, when they were compared with a group treated with placebos. Also, a significant increase of the diarrhea associated with the overcharge of lactose (p less than .005) was obtained. The relation between the increase of the pH and the decrease of the lactose values was significant (r = 0,44 - p less than .01). PMID- 7039206 TI - [100 years ago 1881-1981--Billroth and the 1st gastrectomy]. PMID- 7039203 TI - Intestinal pharmacomanometry and glucose tolerance: two kinds of dopaminergic mechanisms in the human. AB - In this article are presented cumulative data dealing with the existence of more than one dopamine-receptor in mammals. In addition, evidence referring to the existence of two antagonistic dopamine-functional expressions in the human, is also presented. This fact along with the disclosure of new dopaminergic agonistic and antagonistic drugs will surely aid in the management of diseases in which these drugs have proven to be good therapeutic tools. PMID- 7039207 TI - Matching in epidemiology as a paradigm for twin research on the etiology of disease. PMID- 7039208 TI - [A new method to perform autoradiography using 3H-thymidine and histochemical demonstration of acetylcholinesterase activity on the same section (author's transl)]. PMID- 7039209 TI - [Role of attention in memory and learning processes]. PMID- 7039210 TI - Effects of using dexamethasone and placebo in the treatment of prolapsed lumbar disc. AB - Previous reports concerning the treatment of symptoms deriving from prolapsed lumbar disc with systemic administration of the potent steroid dexamethasone, have shown favourable results. The present clinical study includes 39 patients with symptoms of prolapsed lumbar disc, treated in a controlled double-blind investigation with dexamethasone or placebo. Twenty patients had provable effect of the treatment, 19 had no effect. Nineteen patients received dexamethasone (13 + effect), 20 received placebo (7 + effect). The groups were fully comparable, and the difference is not statistically significant. During a period of 3 months 50% of the patients who improved by the treatment of either group had recurrences leading to operation. It is concluded that the effect of dexamethasone given intramuscularly does not seem to exceed that of placebo in the treatment of prolapsed lumbar disc. PMID- 7039212 TI - Spongiform-like changes in Alzheimer's disease. An ultrastructural study. AB - THe ultrastructural study of the cortex of four patients with sporadic or familial AD, of two age-matched controls without dementia, and of one normal pressure hydrocephalus, revealed in all the cases in the neuropil only occasional vacuoles which had a morphology similar to those observed in CJD. The degree of spongiform-like changes was, however, far less prominent than in CJD and considered mild in all the cases examined. Moreover, curled fragments of membranes within the vacuoles were not observed. It is suggested that the mild vacuolization of the neuropil occasionally observed in cortical biopsies of AD is a non-specific finding and cannot be considered a neuropathologic link between AD and CJD. PMID- 7039213 TI - Oral hygiene and caries. A review. AB - On the basis of existing literature, efficient oral hygiene was found to have a caries preventive effect. The quality of the cleaning appears to be more important than the frequency of its performance. Professional tooth cleaning at regular intervals may inhibit caries on all tooth surfaces. The effect of self performed oral hygiene has been demonstrated mainly on free smooth surfaces and on front teeth. PMID- 7039214 TI - Influence of in vitro propagation on the adhesive qualities of Streptococcus mutans isolated from saliva. AB - Streptococcus mutans from saliva of one test person were isolated on mitis/salivarius agar containing bacitracin and extra sucrose, and subcultured in vitro on trypticase soy broth with numerous transfers. Freshly isolated organisms and bacteria from selected subcultures were studied in adhesion tests using glass or dental zinc phosphate cement as substrate. Different bacterial isolates were used in separate experiments. Three different techniques were used; two based on radioactivity assays of adhering 3H-thymidine-labelled bacteria, and one based on visual counting. With all three techniques freshly isolated S. mutans adhered in significant numbers. It was consistently found that their ability to adhere decreased with the number of in vitro transfers. The results support the view that growth condition is an important factor governing the adhesive properties of oral bacteria. PMID- 7039211 TI - Measles virus antigen in panencephalitis. An immunomorphological study stressing dendritic involvement in SSPE. PMID- 7039215 TI - Bacterial cultures from intrauterine devices removed from patients with pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - Bacterial cultures were obtained from intrauterine devices (IUD) removed from 274 patients admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University Central Hospital of Helsinki because of suspected pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), meno-metrorrhagia, pain or other conditions potentially caused by an IUD. A diagnosis of serious PID was made in 42 patients, mild PID in 119 patients, while 113 were found to have no infection. An association between positive cultures of beta-hemolytic streptococci and Escherichia coli and PID was found. Positive cultures of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were significantly correlated with PID. The risk of developing PID was significantly greater during the first month after insertion of the IUD than when more than 30 days had elapsed from insertion of the IUD. The significance of the microbes cultured from removal IUDs as causal agents of pelvic inflammatory disease is discussed. PMID- 7039216 TI - Papain-induced mitosis of chondrocytes in adult joint cartilage: an experimental study in full-grown rabbits. AB - When diluted papain is injected intra-articularly into the knee joints of adult rabbits, slowing progressing, degenerative changes develop in the articular cartilage. After intravenous injection of crude papain no significant degenerative changes are found. With the aid of radioactive thymidine, it is possible to demonstrate that the chondrocytes recover their ability to divide before any degenerative changes can be found. At the same time the matrix loses its staining properties with Safranin-O and toluidine blue. PMID- 7039218 TI - The effect of indomethacin upon experimental fractures in the rat. AB - The effect of Indomethacin upon the process of fracture repair and osteogenesis in bone isografts has been studied in the rat. It was found that the drug had no significant effect upon new bone formation in heterotopic bone grafts. It had no effect upon the osteogenesis in repairing drill holes in 2 month old rats. A significant impairment of osteogenesis was detected, however, in older (6--9 months) animals given continuous treatment with Indomethacin from the week before fracture. This effect was not apparent if treatment was terminated on the day after induction of the lesion. There is histological evidence of increased fibrogenesis and decreased osteogenesis and remodelling in fractures in old rats given high dosages of Indomethacin. PMID- 7039217 TI - Filling of a bone defect during experimental osteotaxis distraction. AB - Gradual distraction of a tibiofibular bone osteotomy in 14 rabbits was compared with a neutral osteotomy in 14 control rabbits using an osteotaxis device as fixation. The osteotomy was distracted for a period of 8 weeks at a rate of 1 mm/week. The control osteotomies united in 5 to 6 weeks with minimal external callus formation. In the distraction group, the periosteum and endosteum participated in the filling of the distraction gap. The most vigorous osteoblastic activity was observed in the middle of the osteotomy gap (growth zone) where calcification was delayed. In the distraction group the bone united in 6 to 7 weeks, not significantly later than in the controls. Two instances of non-union (2/14) were observed in the distraction group. PMID- 7039219 TI - [Non-tuberculous infectious spondylodiskitis. Study of a series of 40 cases]. PMID- 7039220 TI - Neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage and discontinuation of continuous positive pressure ventilation. PMID- 7039222 TI - Loss of Treponema pallidum during incubation in Nelson's survival medium with or without serum added. AB - Treponema pallidum organisms suspended in equal parts of Nelson's survival medium alone and with addition of various sera were counted in 5 microliters samples before and after 18 hours' anaerobic incubation at 35 degrees C. Samples in which the treponemes were not Poisson-distributed were excluded from the study. A loss of greater than 30% occurred in 230 out of 391 samples. The disappearance of treponemes did not seem to be caused by treponemal agglutination during incubation. There was no adherence of treponemes to the formed elements remaining in the suspension. The loss was not dependent on the concentration of syphilitic serum, nor was it influenced by the presence of immobilizing antibody in the serum. Lack of rigorous anaerobiosis during the manipulations did not influence the treponemal loss. The loss was independent of the density of the treponemal suspensions which did not contain unheated guinea-pig serum (GPS). The relative frequency of the loss exceeding 30% was highest in suspensions containing unheated GPS. However, the extent of loss in individual samples was haphazardly distributed among suspensions of all the compositions examined. The loss of treponemes seems to depend on at least two factors: a) a factor which is eluted together with the treponemes from the syphilitic orchitis and b) the presence of active guinea-pig complement. It is conjectured that the complement is non immunologically activated and acts through the alternative pathway. PMID- 7039221 TI - The small bowel: cellular growth, adaptation and tropic factors. PMID- 7039223 TI - Recency of Toxoplasma gondii infections correlated with results obtained in dye test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Antibodies measured in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) had a slower rate of increase and were equally persistent as those measured in the dye test. Hence it was possible to correlate a quotient of the two antibody levels to the acuteness of a Toxoplasma infection. PMID- 7039224 TI - IgG-Fc-receptors in T-type 12 group A streptococci from clinical specimens: absence from M-type 12 and presence in M-type 22. AB - Eighty-eight T-type 12 group A streptococcal strains were randomly selected from routine specimens in two epidemiologically unrelated districts. All of 26 M-type 12 strains lacked IgA and IgG Fc-receptors, whereas all 32 M-type 22 strains had IgG Fc-receptors and 20 of them also receptors for IgA Fc. The remaining strains were not further M-typed but 18 of these 30 strains exhibited receptors for IgG and 13 for IgA. PMID- 7039225 TI - A comparison between the natriuretic response to potassium in lithium- and amiloride-treated rats. AB - The effect of an increase of the potassium content of the food on the natriuretic and diuretic effects of lithium and amiloride was examined in Wistar rats pretreated with the respective drugs for a period of three weeks. Lithium (60 mmol/kg) or amiloride (200 mg/kg) was added to the food and the animals had access to water and a 0.46 M NaCl solution. An increase of the potassium content of the food resulted in a potassium dose-dependent increase of the natriuretic effect in both lithium-treated and amiloride-treated rats. The effect was temporary in lithium-treated rats but persistent in amiloride-treated rats. Lithium treatment resulted in a 10-fold increase of the water intake compared to control rats and amiloride-treated rats. An increase of the potassium intake reduced the water intake in the lithium-treated animals and modestly increased the water intake in amiloride-treated rats. The results show that the exaggerated natriuretic effect produced by administration of potassium to rats treated with lithium is not a specific phenomenon. It is suggested that a lowered ability of the kidneys to secrete potassium may be responsible for the exaggerated natriuretic response to potassium in amiloride- and lithium-treated rats. PMID- 7039226 TI - Chronoendocrinological studies in athletes. III. Certain psychoendocrinological correlations. AB - In 83 healthy athletes, statistically highly significant circadian rhythms of psychological parameters (as measured with the SAN-questionnaire [8]: feelings of well-being, activation [1], mood) have been validated and quantified by cosinor analysis. There were significant correlations between some personality factors, as measured with Cattell 16PF questionnaire, in 32 fencers, and some mean circadian hormone blood concentrations. No significant correlations have been found between parameters measured with Eysenck test or with the D48 test and the mean circadian blood levels of T3, TSH, CSL, T, HGH, IRI. PMID- 7039227 TI - Chromoendocrinological studies in athletes. IV. Multiple hormonal responses to submaximal muscular exercise. AB - Responses of serum hormones and factors measured with the SAN-test (feelings of well-being, activation, mood) to a submaximal work load in 83 health athletes were expressed in per cent of the values expected individually according to the respective circadian rhythm [5,6,7]. In the most subjects a significant increase of serum HGH and a significant decrease of serum T (= testosterone) was found under the work load. Within 45 min after the completion of the work the level of HGH returned to the expected one, according to the circadian rhythm, while the level of T did not. Some other minor hormonal responses were observed. No significant differences were shown between the actual values of factors measured with the SAN-test and the respective values expected according to the circadian rhythm. PMID- 7039228 TI - Changes in serum concentration of prolactational hormones in the periparturient cow. AB - The endocrine status around the time of parturition was investigated by radioimmunoassay of the prolactational hormones: prolactin, progesterone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine and insulin, thought to be related to the initiation and intensity of lactation in the cow. A marked drop in progesteronaemia with subsequent high prolactinaemia was found in the period of initiation of milk secretion. There was a drop in the levels of insulin and thyroid hormones during the periparturient period, except for a short rise of their concentrations at the very end of pregnancy. The results suggest that the release of the mammary gland from progesterone inhibition associated with higher utilization of the prolactational hormones is important for lactogenesis. PMID- 7039229 TI - Physiological role of endorphins in neuroendocrinology. PMID- 7039230 TI - [Accumulation of hormones in the hypothalamic neurons]. PMID- 7039231 TI - [Role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion and in the ovulation process]. PMID- 7039232 TI - Respiratory effects of histamine. PMID- 7039233 TI - [Histamine in the process of development of connective tissue]. PMID- 7039235 TI - [The origin of histamine]. PMID- 7039234 TI - Histamine and microcirculatory regulation. PMID- 7039236 TI - [Histamine and the cardiovascular system in mammals]. PMID- 7039237 TI - Analysis of information in indicant-patterns. AB - Different patterns of information may lead to identical diagnostic conclusions, but it remains uncertain whether such patterns will have the same validity towards other criteria, e.g. choice of treatment. A procedure for selection of optimal patterns of data and analysis of their validity towards different criteria is described. It is founded on Bayes' methodology and characterized by a continuous correction for redundancy between indicants. Permissible patterns/syndromes are formulated and evaluated in a consistent way. PMID- 7039238 TI - Evaluation of data-base. AB - The records of 421 psychiatric patients were analysed by a consistent method, allowing an optimal use of indicant-patterns. It was assumed that such a procedure would give a satisfactory predictive capacity, even for operational criteria as for example choice of treatment, duration of stay in hospital, or a global evaluation of outcome. The study demonstrates, however, that fundamental changes in the data-base are necessary. Problems of reliability, validity, sensitivity and specificity are discussed and some suggestions are offered for the future improvement of psychiatric data-bases. PMID- 7039239 TI - Immunoreactive insulin and C-peptide responses to various insulin secretory stimuli in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in control subjects during continuous glucose monitoring. PMID- 7039240 TI - Mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis in adults. Clinical and histopathological observations. AB - This report evaluates 29 patients with IgA glomerulonephritis. Patients with the least intensity of immunofluorescent staining for IgA had the highest glomerular filtration rate. The pattern or intensity of the staining gave little or no indication of the severity of the morphological changes or of the short-term prognosis. Histological changes with increased amounts of adherences were found in a significantly higher proportion of kidneys with decreased function. Older patients had a longer history and a higher incidence of low renal function, and they showed more glomerular adherences and global fibrosis than younger patients. PMID- 7039241 TI - Simple screening procedure for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. AB - A simple screening protocol for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism was applied to 149 hypertensive patients. The diagnostic criterion for possible primary aldosteronism was the combination of supine plasma renin concentration less than 15 mIU/l (normal range 6-54) and plasma aldosterone concentration greater than 11 ng/100 ml (normal range 3-18). None of 63 persistently normokalaemic hypertensive patients fulfilled this criterion. Seventeen (20%) of 86 hypokalaemic patients showed hormonal values consistent with primary aldosteronism. The presence of an adrenal adenoma was verified in eight of these patients. Thus screening for primary aldosteronism can be restricted to hypokalaemic patients. The prevalence of primary aldosteronism in a hypertensive population was calculated to be less than 1%. PMID- 7039242 TI - Cyclofenil versus placebo in progressive systemic sclerosis. A one-year double blind crossover study of 27 patients. AB - Cyclofenil was evaluated versus placebo in the treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS, scleroderma) in a 2 x 6-month double-blind crossover study. The mean duration of disease was six years. Of 38 patients entering the study, 27 completed both periods. Reasons for drop-outs were very high liver transaminases in three cases, cardiac death in two, and drug allergy, alcoholic problems, suspected congestive heart failure, reactivation of tuberculosis, arteriosclerotic heart disease, and lethal progression of PSS in one case each. No fatality was attributed to cyclofenil. Liver enzyme abnormalities were seen in 13 of 35 active drug periods and in 5 of 30 placebo periods. Cutaneous and visceral involvement were assessed by a large battery of subjective parameters and objective tests. Overall improvement was seen during 17 drug periods and nine placebo periods (N.S.), but a paired comparison of the status at the end of each treatment period resulted in the following distribution: 15 were improved at the end of the drug period, four at the end of placebo period (p less than 0.01) and eight were unchanged. In patients with a disease duration of five years or less, joint stiffness and pain were less on drug than on placebo treatment (p less than 0.05). In the whole group, oesophageal peristalsis improved (p less than 0.05). Blood folate increased (p less than 0.01). Working capacity was lower after the drug period than after the placebo period (p less than 0.05). Several other parameters, however, did not change significantly. Cyclofenil appears to be a promising drug in the treatment of PSS and should be tested further in controlled long-term studies. PMID- 7039243 TI - Hemolytic anemia during cyclofenil treatment of scleroderma. PMID- 7039244 TI - Heparin treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Effects and complications after continuous or intermittent heparin administration. AB - Twenty-eight patients with the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were subjected to a prospective, randomized study comparing continuous and intermittent heparin treatment, utilizing the same doses and duration of therapy. The effect on pain (estimated with a scoring system) and the antithrombotic effect (assessed by the inhibition of 125I-fibrinogen accretion), followed for one week, were unrelated. Pulmonary embolism was scored and studied from lung perfusion scans and chest X-rays. A high frequency was found in both groups. The therapeutic efficacy and side-effects did not differ between the two treatment groups. Bleeding, preferentially from vein puncture (post-phlebography), was more common in women, while a heparin-induced elevation of serum aminotransferases (S ALAT adn S-ASAT) (in 2/3 of the patients) was not related to age, sex or bleeding complications. PMID- 7039245 TI - Laterality differences in recognition of kana and kanji words. PMID- 7039246 TI - [Differential diagnosis between systemic degenerative neurologic syndromes and cervical spine-spinal cord pathology]. PMID- 7039247 TI - [Erythema nodosum caused by gastrointestinal salmonellosis]. PMID- 7039248 TI - [Double-blind study using "anapsos" 120 mg. in the treatment of psoriasis]. PMID- 7039249 TI - [Leprosy is cured more and more frequently. In keeping with the recent scientific advances, all incurable diseases have to come to an end]. PMID- 7039250 TI - [Examples of provisional and semi-permanent retention in periodontology]. PMID- 7039251 TI - [Rational use of rotary instruments in partial dentures]. PMID- 7039252 TI - [Dentistry at the end of the Renaissance, in the reign of Galien and the 2 Riolans]. PMID- 7039254 TI - Studies of mammalian ribonucleotide reductase activity in intact permeabilized cells: a genetic approach. PMID- 7039253 TI - [Resorption of edentulous ridges. A clinical entity]. PMID- 7039255 TI - Purification of a mutant ribonucleotide reductase from cultured mouse T-lymphoma cells. PMID- 7039256 TI - Specific inhibition of the subunits of ribonucleotide reductase as a new approach to combination chemotherapy. PMID- 7039257 TI - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: the role of subunit interactions in enzyme functioning. PMID- 7039259 TI - Biochemistry of coronaviruses 1980. PMID- 7039258 TI - The role of cytoplasmic microtubules in the regulation of the activity of peptide growth factors. PMID- 7039260 TI - Relaxin localization in porcine and bovine ovaries by assay and morphologic techniques. PMID- 7039261 TI - Vitamin-responsive genetic abnormalities. PMID- 7039262 TI - Fatty acid metabolism in the neonatal ruminant. PMID- 7039263 TI - Vitamin D binding proteins. PMID- 7039264 TI - Vitamin D compounds in human and bovine milk. PMID- 7039266 TI - The new low bleed mammary prosthesis: an experimental study in mice. PMID- 7039265 TI - Dietary protein, metabolic acidosis, and calcium balance. PMID- 7039269 TI - Partial splenic embolization for hypersplenism in renal transplantation. AB - Immunosuppressive therapy is necessary in the treatment and prevention of rejection in renal transplant recipients. Unfortunately, these patients may become intolerant to this therapy when it is complicated by hypersplenism with leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia. The therapy must then be either decreased or stopped, thus preventing adequate treatment or prevention or rejection. Splenectomy has been used to treat the hypersplenism to break this cycle. It requires operative intervention with general anesthesia and prolonged hospitalization, and has been associated with fulminant bacterial septicemia. For these reasons, partial splenic embolization was offered to our patients as an alternative to splenectomy in the treatment of their immunosuppressive therapy intolerance due to hypersplenism. Six patients with acute rejection episodes and one patient on dialysis awaiting transplantation underwent partial splenic embolization. It corrected the hypersplenism in each case without significant complications allowing control of the rejection episode with adequate immunosuppressive therapy in six patients. Strict aseptic technique, pain control, and antibiotic prophylaxis are advised to prevent the complications of splenic abscess, rupture, or septicemia when this technique is used. PMID- 7039270 TI - Sonography of pyogenic splenic abscess. AB - Pyogenic splenic abscess is an uncommon lesion associated with high mortality. Diagnosis may be difficult, especially in deep-seated abscesses. Plain radiographs and nuclear medicine techniques may be helpful, but can be insufficiently specific. Sonography, which images morphologic changes, is useful in assessing splenic abscesses. Five of six abscesses had a predominantly anechoic pattern with internal foci of higher echogenicity. In one gas-containing lesion, there were high amplitude echoes throughout the abscess. The abscesses were easily distinguishable from the surrounding homogeneous normal spleen. Sonography, while not definitive, is an effective tool in reaching an early diagnosis of splenic abscess. This allows prompt splenectomy, ameliorating prognosis. PMID- 7039268 TI - Pediatric abdominal angiography: panacea or passe? PMID- 7039267 TI - Mechanisms of action of gold. AB - Since the successful introduction of injectable gold compounds for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis over 50 years ago, numerous studies on the possible mechanism of action have been performed. This heavy metal has been show to possess a bewildering array of biological effects. Studies using gold performed both in vitro and in vivo can be grouped into anti-microbial, anti-immunologic, anti-inflammatory, anti-enzymatic and other effects. In this survey, we have analyzed these multiple approaches to the study of the mechanism of action of injectable gold preparations and apply the findings to rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7039271 TI - Limited CT studies in monitoring treatment of lymphoma. AB - One hundred and two follow-up CT studies in 50 patients with a diagnosis of lymphoma were reviewed to determine the efficacy of limited CT studies for determining therapy. The overall correlation between the limited CT study and the complete CT study was 98%. No mixed responses occurred in 102 cases. Two patients, both with diffuse histocytic lymphoma treated by chemotherapy, showed progression of disease outside a stable tumor bed not detected by a limited CT study. The economic implications, technique, and limitations of limited CT studies are presented. PMID- 7039272 TI - Histology from aspiration biopsy: Turner needle experience. AB - The 20 gauge Turner biopsy needle was used to obtain both cytologic and histologic specimens during aspiration biopsy. In 42 patients with proven malignancy, a positive reading was obtained in 83% by histology alone and in 90% by histology and cytology combined. Histology yielded positive diagnoses in most patients with false-negative cytology. Histology also provided cell type or tissue origin in most cases. This technique increases the value of aspiration biopsy and also makes it a viable diagnostic tool where cytology services are not available. PMID- 7039274 TI - Scintigraphy of pancreatic transplants. AB - Five patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus that received extraperitoneal segmental pancreatic transplants were functionally assessed by 75Se-selenomethionine imaging. The radionuclide findings were correlated with fasting plasma glucose and complete clinical course. This study demonstrates that 75Se-selenomethionine imaging seems to be a reliable tool for the assessment of function of extraperitoneal segmental pancreatic transplants in the first weeks after transplantation. An excellent correlation between the radionuclide accumulation and the transplant function was seen. The relative limits of this technique, however, are related to cost, since a plasma glucose will give similar information as far as organ function is concerned. Furthermore, the findings encountered with this technique will only confirm previous laboratory data, but would not be used alone to alter the clinical treatment of the patient. PMID- 7039273 TI - Glomerular filtration rate: estimation from fractional renal accumulation of 99mTc-DTPA (stannous). AB - 99mTc diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (stannous) is cleared from the blood by glomerular filtration. However, calculation of the glomerular filtration rate has required analysis of serial blood samples drawn over intervals of several hours in order to determine the radionuclide clearance rate. This lengthy procedure can be circumvented by the direct scintigraphic determination of fractional radionuclide accumulation within each kidney, occurring at a specified time interval after radionuclide administration. This value has been correlated with 24 hr creatinine clearance values in a group of hospitalized patients. From these data, a formula was derived allowing for estimation of total glomerular filtration rate, as well as individually for each kidney, without requiring blood samples. This procedure needs only 6 min of patient time. PMID- 7039275 TI - Candida albicans pneumonia: radiographic appearance. AB - A retrospective series of patients with pure Candida albicans pulmonary opportunistic infection confirmed at autopsy were examined for any characteristic radiographic pattern. Of the 20 patients examined, eight showed nonlobar, nonsegmental, bilateral disease; the others exhibited unilateral or bilateral lobar or segmental patterns. Cavitation, adenopathy, masslike opacities, or a miliary pattern were not identified. Radiographically these "negative" findings can be useful in distinguishing Candida from other fungal opportunistic infections. Histologic evidence of lung invasion by Candida is necessary for definitive confirmation. The previously described association of Candida infection with certain underlying diseases (leukemia and lymphoma) was again demonstrated. PMID- 7039277 TI - Posttraumatic Bilhemia: diagnosis and catheter therapy. PMID- 7039276 TI - Comparison of tri-iodoisophthaldiamide with meglumine lothalamate in phlebography of the leg. AB - One hundred patients were examined by ascending phlebography of both legs in a prospective, double-blind, within-patient study. Each leg was randomly allocated to the examination using either lopamidol 61% as the contrast medium. Immediate side effects were recorded in all patients, and delayed effects in 46 patients. Statistical analysis using the chi-square test showed that lopamidol produced significantly less immediate and delayed pain in the foot and the leg than Conray. Iopamidol produced significantly less nausea and vomiting during the injection than Conray. There was no significant difference in the quality of the phlebograms with either of contrast medium. PMID- 7039278 TI - Retropharyngeal edema, airway obstruction, and caval thrombosis. PMID- 7039279 TI - Diagnosis of anaerobic infections in children. AB - Clinical and bacteriologic findings which suggest anaerobic infection include: situations predisposing to anaerobic infection, such as maternal amnionitis, bowel perforation or a human bite; presence of necrotic, gangrenous tissue; foul smelling discharge or free gas; persistent or recurrent infection during the use of antibiotics effective only against aerobes, and the inability to grow organisms seen on gram stain when they are cultured aerobically. Almost all of these infections originate from the microflora of the neonate or child. PMID- 7039283 TI - Regular insulin dose in GIK formulation for acute myocardial infarction therapy. PMID- 7039284 TI - Waller before Einthoven in the clinical development of noninvasive ECG. PMID- 7039280 TI - Cardiovascular effects of tricyclic antidepressant drugs: therapeutic usage, overdose, and management of complications. PMID- 7039281 TI - Postural hypotension during tilt with chronic captopril and diuretic therapy of severe congestive heart failure. AB - The hemodynamic mechanism by which patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) maintain their blood pressure (BP) in the upright posture is distinct from that of normal and hypertensive individuals. There are little data regarding the effects of chronic vasodilator therapy on the mechanisms controlling this response, especially in the presence of diuretic therapy. Therefore, 10 consecutive patients with severe chronic CHF underwent hemodynamic tilt study following acute and chronic captopril therapy. One patient developed orthostatic hypotension following first-dose captopril, but 6 of 10 had a mean BP decrease of 70 +/- 6 to 56 +/- 3 mm Hg on tilt following chronic captopril. This associated with significant reduction of plasma aldosterone, and was abolished on re-tilt following acute saline infusion. Therefore, during chronic captopril therapy of CHF, a reduction of diuretic dosage may be necessary to prevent orthostatic hypotension. PMID- 7039285 TI - Vasodilator therapy: implications in acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure. AB - The physiologic effects of systemic vasoconstriction on left ventricular performance and the salutary hemodynamic effect of acute administration of vasodilator drugs to patients with heart failure provide a rational basis for vasodilator therapy in acute myocardial infarction and chronic congestive heart failure. Use of vasodilators during the acute phase of myocardial infarction may reduce mortality when left ventricular filling pressure remains markedly elevated for at least 8 hours after the onset of clinical syndrome. Use of chronic vasodilator therapy in patients with congestive heart failure appears to have been effective in some patients in prolonging exercise tolerance; however, the likelihood of a beneficial effect and the impact of this therapy on the natural history of the disease remain unclear. A Veterans Administration Cooperative Study to address these questions is currently in progress. The new effort directed to studying the effects of vasodilator drugs in these syndromes has appropriately focused attention on their pathophysiology and natural history. PMID- 7039282 TI - Randomized double-blind placebo controlled crossover trial documenting oral lorcainide efficacy in suppression of symptomatic ventricular tachyarrhythmias. AB - Lorcainide, a new antiarrhythmic drug, was given to 10 patients with frequent (greater than 1/min) premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) on a baseline 24 hour Holter monitor. Each patient received lorcainide, 100 mg twice daily, and an identical placebo, in a randomized double-blind crossover trial, with 1 week in each treatment period. Before the trial and at the end of each period, routine laboratory, clinical evaluation, 12-lead ECG's, and 24-hour ambulatory ECG recordings were performed. Trough drug plasma concentration measurements were done at the end of each treatment period. All patients had reduction in PVCs, comparing drug to placebo, averaging 82.3 +/- 19.7% (mean +/- SD, p less than 0.01 by Wilcoxin ranked sum), and there was also significant decrease in the number of ventricular pairs and runs. Levels of the major metabolite, norlorcainide, ranged from 34 to 254 ng/ml (mean 160 ng/ml) and exceeded those for lorcainide, range 6 to 169 ng/ml (mean 79 ng/ml). Prolongation of PR, QRS, and QTc intervals was evident during drug therapy, as was decrease in heart rate, but these changes were minimal. The major adverse effect noted was sleep disturbance, which was often initially severe, but improved during the week of therapy. PMID- 7039286 TI - Enhancement of left ventricular function by glucose-insulin-potassium infusion in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7039287 TI - Bayes' theorem: an idea whose time has come? PMID- 7039288 TI - Reduced prostacyclin production in patients with different manifestations of ischemic heart disease. AB - Prostacyclin, a substance produced by vessel wall, has a sustained vasodilating and platelet antiaggregating activity and therefore the variations in its production in patients with ischemic heart disease are of interest. Prostacyclin production was assessed in 59 patients with ischemic heart disease and 59 control subjects matched for age, sex, body weight, smoking habits, blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels. Of the 59 patients examined, 23 had had a myocardial infarction 3 to 12 months earlier; 21 had had spontaneous angina and 15 effort angina for at least 3 months. Patients with myocardial infarction and spontaneous angina were also classified in subgroups with and without acute coronary insufficiency, according to the occurrence of ischemic attacks in the week preceding the study. Both circulating prostacyclin levels and prostacyclin produced after 3 minutes of ischemia were measured by bioassay. Circulating prostacyclin was significantly less in patients with ischemic heart disease than in matched control subjects independent of the clinical type of ischemic heart disease. Circulating prostacyclin was particularly reduced in patients with acute coronary insufficiency in comparison to patients without, both in the group with myocardial infarction (1.11 +/- 0.22 ng/ml and 2.09 +/- 1.32, respectively) and in the group with spontaneous angina (1.24 +/- 0.42 and 2.17 +/- 1.16, respectively). No differences could be found for prostacyclin produced after 3 minutes of ischemia in relation to the presence of acute coronary insufficiency. The lower level of prostacyclin production in patients with ischemic heart disease and especially in those with acute coronary insufficiency may be an important factor in the occurrence of coronary occlusion or spasm. PMID- 7039289 TI - Aprindine-induced polymorphous ventricular tachycardia. AB - Five cases of aprindine-induced polymorphous ventricular tachycardia (torsade de pointes) are presented. In four cases, polymorphous ventricular tachycardia appeared after the oral administration of 400 mg of aprindine. One patient had mild hypokalemia at the time of polymorphous ventricular tachycardia so that a direct cause and effect relation between the drug and the tachycardia cannot be established. All five patients manifested Q-T prolongation and recurrent syncope due to polymorphous ventricular tachycardia. In all five, polymorphous ventricular tachycardia subsided once administration of aprindine was discontinued. PMID- 7039290 TI - Cardiovascular physiology in a case of heterotopic cardiac transplantation. AB - Successful heterotopic cardiac transplantation in a 24 year old man with end stage cardiomyopathy provided an opportunity to study cardiovascular physiology. The donor and native hearts, functioning independently in parallel, were studied by serial physical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, nuclear angiography and cardiac catheterization. Results indicated that the donor left heart assumed the predominant role in supplying systemic output, possibly contributing to decreasing function of the patient's own (native) heart. Analysis of serial nuclear angiograms revealed an initial postoperative ejection fraction of 52 and 21 percent in the donor and the native left ventricle, respectively; repeat studies 3 months postoperatively showed values of 50 and 9 percent, respectively, indicating significant deterioration in native left ventricular cardiac function. Observation of valve motion of the native heart showed major irregularities of the aortic valve in contrast to seemingly normal, regular mitral valve motion. These data rise interesting questions regarding interpretation of valve motion as an indicator of ventricular function. PMID- 7039291 TI - Intravenous angiography utilizing digital video subtraction techniques. PMID- 7039292 TI - Breast-feeding and family planning: a review of the relationships between breast feeding and family planning. AB - A number of interrelated factors must be considered when breast-feeding is introduced as a concern for family planning programs: the number of pregnancies and births experienced, age at each pregnancy and birth, duration of the intervals between conceptions, lactation including duration and type, health and nutritional services available to meet the demands of pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum care. The dietary intake of the mother and her health and disease status have an effect on the duration of breast-feeding, and lactation has an effect on her ovulation and birth spacing. Those at particularly high risk include adolescent girls, older grand-multipara women, and families living in poverty. An historical relationship between the reduction in infant and childhood mortality and the falling off of births can be documented. The straightforward benefits on nutritional status of breast-fed infants, the conjunction with the antibody protection afforded by breast milk, served to reduce infant mortality and indirectly served to reduce birth rates. In addition, the prolongation of postpartum anovulatory cycles in breast-feeding women, coupled with sexual mores that postpone sexual relations while a women is breast-feeding in certain groups, will serve to prolong the interbirth intervals. Populations where breast-feeding is customary have been shown to have fewer births than populations where the women do not breast-fed and where infants are artificially fed. PMID- 7039293 TI - Smoking and its effects on body weight and the systems of caloric regulation. AB - Cigarette smoking and excess body weight, each of which contributes to poor health and risk of death, appear themselves to be inversely related. Data indicate that smokers weigh less than nonsmokers and that weight gain occurs after the cessation of smoking. The popular wisdom is that this is due to differences in caloric intake: smokers weigh less because they consume less and they gain weight upon stopping smoking as a consequence of consuming more. Cross sectional data on this point are conflicting, however, with some studies of daily caloric intake suggesting that smokers may, in fact, consume more calories per day than nonsmokers. In addition to affecting ingestive behavior, however, cigarette smoking has a variety of physiological effects that may play a more important role than amount of calories consumed per se in accounting for lower body weights among smokers and weight gain after cessation. Evidence regarding the effects of cigarette smoking and nicotine upon the behavioral, sensory and metabolic components of the processes of caloric regulation and nutrition is reviewed in order to suggest mechanisms by which smoking may affect weight. Longitudinal within-subject designs investigating changes associated with the cessation and initiation of smoking are recommended. PMID- 7039295 TI - Single nutrients and immunity. PMID- 7039294 TI - History and current status of infant formulas. AB - Formulas that approximate the composition of human milk are widely used as the sole source of nutrients for infants during the first months of life. Such formulas contain milk, soy, or meal proteins, or protein hydrolysates together with those forms of fat carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals shown to be bioavailable to the infant. Legislation concerning nutrient composition and quality assurance of products labeled as infant formulas has been enacted by Congress. Governmental and industrial standards also help to assure microbiological safety and stability. Problems of nutrient composition and adverse reactions have occurred during the evolution and development of infant formulas. Problems concerning nutrient deficiency are now almost unknown, but adverse reactions of individuals to specific formula ingredients continue. Accurate information on composition and related nutritional properties of infant formulas is essential for their effective use and for the avoidance of undesirable complications. PMID- 7039296 TI - Validation of saliva sampling for total body water determination by H2 18O dilution. AB - The use of saliva sampling for the measurement of total body water by H2 18O stable isotope dilution was assessed. The H2 18O abundance in saliva reached a constant value by three hours after isotope administration, and the total body water calculated from the 3-h saliva values was not significantly different from the value calculated from the 4- and 6-h serum samples. The results indicated that isotopic equilibration between these fluids was rapid and complete. Comparison of total body water calculated from the paired serum and saliva studies indicated that the relative precision of the determination was between 0.8 and 1.5%. Saliva sampling is noninvasive and is well suited for use in children in field studies. PMID- 7039297 TI - Supplementary feeding programs for young children in developing countries. PMID- 7039300 TI - Determination of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase on bone marrow smears by immunoperoxidase. AB - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is a marker of lymphoblastic disorders. Previously, the technique for determining TdT on smears was by indirect immunofluorescence. An immunoperoxidase procedure for detecting TdT on smears is reported. Results are in a comparable range with the indirect immunofluorescent technique. As discussed in this paper, TdT by immunoperoxidase may offer certain advantages over the indirect immunofluorescent procedure. PMID- 7039299 TI - Primary adenomatous neoplasms of the middle ear: light and electron microscopic features of a group distinct from the ceruminomas. AB - The light and electron microscopic features of two primary adenomatous neoplasms of the middle ear are presented and compared with those cases in the literature. Primary adenomatous neoplasms of the middle ear appear to be derived from the lining epithelium of the middle ear and are distinct from the cercuminomas. They exhibit benign or indolently malignant behavior. Cytologic and histologic features are bland and uniform. Invasion of adjacent soft tissues and/or bone is the only histologic feature indicative of malignancy. Distant metastasis has not been reported. The duration and nature of the symptoms are of little diagnostic value. Radiographic and/or operative evidence of bone erosion reflects the aggressive potential of these neoplasms, although its absence does not exclude microscopic invasion. The primary adenomatous neoplasms of the middle ear recur locally if incompletely excised. Radical mastoidectomies and/or complete removal through the external auditory canal are curative. PMID- 7039298 TI - Hyperplastic, preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions found in 83 human pancreases. AB - A thorough histologic examination of the pancreas was performed on autopsy material from 83 military veterans aged 35-88 years. Hyperplastic, preneoplastic and neoplastic alterations were recorded by severity, multiplicity, location and age. From this material, two patients had clinically known primary, and three had secondary (metastatic), pancreatic cancer. The following occult malignant lesions were found: two early cancers (one adenocarcinoma and one adenosquamous cell carcinoma), one ductal carcinoma in situ and seven ductular carcinomas in situ. Among patients with ductular carcinoma in situ, three had pancreatic caner and the remaining four had cancers of other sites (ethmoid, ear, colon, prostate). One patient who was clinically diagnosed as having lung cancer with selective metastases to the pancreas was found to have pancreatic adenosquamous cell carcinoma with lung metastases. Hence, the incidence of neoplastic exocrine lesions was around 10%. In addition, hyperplasia of the ductal and ductular epithelium (in 57% and 39% of the patients, respectively), squamous cell metaplasia of the ductules (in 48% of the cases), as well as endocrine tumors (islet cell adenoma, 10%; mixed ductular-insular adenoma, 3%) were found. Most lesions occurred in the pancreatic head, a few in the tail. These data and other reports led to the conclusion that, first, the overall incidence of pancreatic cancer appears to be higher than previously reported. Malignant lesions seem to remain clinically occult, either because patients die of other diseases or because of the significantly long latency between premalignant lesions and clinically recognizable invasive cancer. Second, the ductular cells appear to be the progenitor cells of a variety of tumor types, including squamous cell cancer and islet cell tumors, as in the authors' experimental model. PMID- 7039301 TI - Further improvement of the enzyme-linked antiglobulin test (ELAT) for erythrocyte antibodies. AB - The enzyme-linked antiglobulin test (ELAT) was found to be nine times more sensitive than the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) in detecting erythrocytes sensitized by IgG antibody in vitro. The release of hemoglobin and other interfering substances from the erythrocytes gave falsely high absorbance values which were corrected by the use of a hemolysis bland with each test. ELAT results showed good precision. With the use of the hemolysis blank, the ELAT should prove to be a useful tool for hospital blood blanks in the detection of weakly reactive allo- and autoantibodies. PMID- 7039302 TI - Fluorescence - how long is it useful? PMID- 7039303 TI - Immediate intubation at birth of the very-low-birth-weight infant. Effect on survival. PMID- 7039304 TI - Chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood. Linear iga bullous dermatosis. AB - A 21/2-year-old boy had large, tense bullae on the groin, buttocks, legs and abdomen. A subepidermal vesicle was seen on histological study. Immunofluorescent studies revealed linear IgA at the basement membrane zone. There was no associated gastrointestinal abnormality or any other systemic feature. The patient responded dramatically to sulfapyridine. He has had no recurrence of the disease and negative immunofluorescence study results during two years of follow up. PMID- 7039305 TI - Early and extended maternal-infant contact. A critical review. PMID- 7039306 TI - Type F infant botulism. PMID- 7039307 TI - Care of children with spina bifida. PMID- 7039309 TI - A study of a female with congenital sideroblastic anemia. AB - A female infant with congenital refractory sideroblastic anemia is described. A marked reduction of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase activity of erythroblasts was noticed with and without treatment of pyridoxal phosphate. Mitochondrial neutral protease activity of erythroblasts, which inactivates specifically the apo form of ALA synthetase, was normal and the sensitivity of apo form of ALA synthetase to the neutral protease was also normal. It was speculated that the reduction of ALA synthetase activity is not due to the high speed of destruction, but rather due to the impairment in production of ALA synthetase, which could explain the unresponsiveness to pyridoxine therapy in this case. PMID- 7039310 TI - Recovery of splenic function after GVHD-associated functional asplenia. AB - An adolescent male patient developed functional asplenia in the course of graft versus host disease (GVHD) after successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for aplastic anemia. Coincident with the onset of the asplenia, amelioration of the ongoing GVHD was observed. Unexpectedly, after 34 months of functional asplenia, the organ regained its function without evidence of graft rejection or reactivation of GVHD. PMID- 7039308 TI - Escherichia coli osteomyelitis after sepsis in regional enteritis: report of a case. PMID- 7039312 TI - From legislator: views on third-party reimbursement for nurses. PMID- 7039313 TI - Precious sight. PMID- 7039315 TI - Functional bacterial opsonic activity of human amniotic fluid. AB - There are some data to suggest that amniotic fluid protects the fetus from invasion by pathogenic bacteria. To examine methods by which amniotic fluid may offer such protection, quantitative antibody, complement activity, and functional opsonic capacity were measured. Immunoglobulins were measured by laser nephelometry and total hemolytic complement was determined by radial diffusion; results suggested activity adequate for bactericidal capacity. The chemiluminescence assay was used to quantitate the functional interaction between polymorphonuclear leukocytes and E. coli, group B streptococci (GBS), or zymosan particles preopsonized with amniotic fluid obtained at different stages of gestation. Results were compared to those for normal serum. Data were analyzed by evaluation of the initial slope, area under the curve, and peak chemiluminescence response. Opsonic activity of amniotic fluid for E. coli and GBS was demonstrated, with E. coli showing greater reactivity (maximum = 15,000 to 25,000 cpm) than GBS (10,000 to 20,000 cpm). Specific, as well as nonspecific, opsonic activity was demonstrated by absorption of amniotic fluid with killed bacteria. Concentration of amniotic fluid did not result in an increase in chemiluminescent activity, which demonstrates that optimal opsonic activity already exists. The classical and alternate pathways of complement were assessed for E. coli and GBS. Preterm amniotic fluid did not differ in response from that of amniotic fluid obtained from term pregnancies. This study demonstrates that amniotic fluid can provide the fetus with protection from bacterial pathogens and delineates mechanisms for such protection. PMID- 7039314 TI - Abortion practices and attitudes in cross-cultural perspective. AB - This article presents an overview of abortion practices and attitudes in primitive societies and in Western civilization. The changing positions of the major world religions and nations are provided. Attention is given both to restrictions on abortion and to its active promotion, as exemplified by current conditions in the People's Republic of China. A brief history of abortion in the United States is presented, following by the results of two major polls on consumer attitudes. The latter data indicate a growing liberalization of abortion attitudes and an association between such liberal beliefs and the following factors: age under 40 years, higher education, non-Catholicism, irregular church attendance, and positive attitude toward sex education in the schools and availability of contraceptives for teenage girls. It is also shown that people who strongly oppose abortion are more likely than advocates of abortion to lend financial or other forms of tangible support to their cause. PMID- 7039311 TI - The distal arthrogryposes: delineation of new entities--review and nosologic discussion. AB - We report on 44 patients (18 with additional affected family members), with congenital distal limb contractures identified from a large study of over 350 patients with congenital joint contractures. Fourteen propositi (seven familial cases, seven isolated cases) had a newly recognized form of arthrogryposis, which we have designated distal arthrogryposis type 1, with the predominant manifestations of autosomal dominant inheritance; tightly clenched fists at birth, with medially overlapping fingers, ulnar deviation, and camptodactyly in adults; and positional foot deformities. Contractures at other major joints are variable. There are no associated visceral anomalies; intelligence is normal. There can be marked intrafamilial and interfamilial variability. Twenty-two propositi with similar distal contractures had additional findings and were classified into five subcategories of distal arthrogryposis (type IIA-E). Among type II patients cleft palate, cleft lip, small tongue, trismus, ptosis, epicanthal folds, keratoconus, short stature, scoliosis, a unique hand position, and dull normal intelligence were seen. These characteristics were seen in various combinations and patterns and allowed sorting into groups that were the basis for the categorization. The remaining eight propositi were recognized to have previously described conditions with distal contractures and autosomal dominant inheritance, ie, the Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, trismus-pseudo camptodactyly syndrome, congenital contractural arachnodactyly, and familial camptodactyly. Pathogenetically we postulate similar underlying defects of abnormal tendon attachments, attenuation, and absence; careful nosologic comparisons are important for prognostic counseling and habilitative management. PMID- 7039316 TI - Perinatal group B streptococcal colonization and infection. AB - Of 2,169 patients screened in labor for vaginal group B streptococcal colonization, 164 (7.6%) had positive results. Five hundred twenty-four of the patients were screened in the antenatal period, and 57 patients with positive tests for group B streptococcus were treated in labor with intravenous ampicillin. Four of the treatment group gave birth to colonized infants but none became infected. Of the 136 untreated mother-infant pairs with positive tests, 62 neonates were colonized, nine became infected, and three died. In the presence of an attack rate of 6.6% among infants born to colonized mothers, antenatal screening and treatment in labor of mothers colonized with group B streptococcus will reduce neonatal colonization and infection. PMID- 7039317 TI - Rubella susceptibility and syphilis in Asian pregnancies. PMID- 7039318 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism during treatment with estrogen, progestogen, and low-dose oral contraceptives. AB - The combination oral contraceptives have generally been shown to have an adverse effect on carbohydrate metabolism with resultant elevations of both blood glucose and insulin in users. Studies of the individual steroid components suggest that the estrogen is not at fault. The 19-norprogestins can produce these carbohydrate changes and seen to act at the insulin receptor level. Norgestrel, ethynodiol diacetate, and norethindrone alter carbohydrate metabolism, but norgestrel produces the most marked changes. Use of oral contraceptives containing less than 50 microgram of estrogen resulted in fewer metabolic changes than were seen with the drugs containing higher doses of estrogen. PMID- 7039319 TI - Metabolic effects of progesterone. AB - Progesterone has important effects on carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. This steroid induces hyperinsulinemia, possibly by direct action on pancreatic islets, while promoting glycogen storage in the liver. Paradoxically, it antagonizes the effects of insulin on glucose metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Progesterone stimulates deposition of body fat but had catabolic effects on protein metabolism. Provisional evidence is offered that the steroid may influence ketone body production by the liver as well. When these steroid actions are considered together, their most relevant expression appears to be the physiologic changes observed during normal pregnancy. PMID- 7039320 TI - Oral contraceptives and blood coagulation: a critical review. AB - Based on epidemiologic data, women who take oral contraceptives seem to have an increased risk of developing thromboembolic disease. In order to explain this association, some studies have been undertaken to find abnormalities in the hemostasis system. Many conflicting test results have been reported, probably reflecting in part the technical difficulties in use of reliable, reproducible, and specific assay systems. None of the data obtained seems to be specific for users of oral contraceptive drugs, and none was found uniformly in all takers of the drugs. Many findings are probably unimportant from the overall point of view of the physiology of hemostasis. Unfortunately, there seems to be no test procedure or even combination of tests that will reliably predict which patient might develop a thromboembolic episode in association with oral contraceptives or in association with any other condition recognized as being a risk factor. Even in most patients who do have a thrombosis, the test procedures fail to signal this event with reliability and predictability. At this time, it is not known whether oral contraceptives do or do not trigger the hemostasis system to develop a thrombosis or by which mechanism they could trigger the event. Fortunately, only a very small number of women develop thrombosis in association with oral contraceptives. PMID- 7039321 TI - Prostacyclin production during pregnancy: comparison of production during normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by hypertension. AB - We investigated prostacyclin (PGI2) biosynthesis during pregnancy by measuring urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (dinor) and 15-keto 13,14-dihydro-2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (15 kd dinor) with the use of specific gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assays. Nine normotensive nonpregnant women, five normotensive women in the mid-trimester of pregnancy, eight normotensive women in the third trimester of pregnancy, and six women who developed hypertension during the third trimester provided 24-hour samples of urine. Normal pregnant women had a fivefold increase in urinary excretion of dinor in comparison to nonpregnant women (253 +/- 21 ng dinor/gm creatinine for controls vs. 1,224 +/- 110 and 1,127 +/- 152 for second and third trimesters) (mean +/- SEM). Pregnant subjects with hypertension had a significant (50%) reduction in urinary dinor excretion in comparison to normotensive pregnant subjects (561 +/- 105 ng dinor/gm creatinine). In subjects selected from each group, the ratio of dinor to 15 kd dinor remained constant. We conclude that PGI2 biosynthesis is increased during normal pregnancy, and that this increase is less in pregnancy-induced hypertension. This raises the possibility that PGI2 helps mediate hemodynamic changes during normal pregnancy, and that a relative decrease in production might be related to the pathogenesis of pregnancy-induced hypertension. PMID- 7039322 TI - Effects of maternal insulin or glucose infusion on the fetus: study on lung surfactant phospholipids, plasma myoinositol, and fetal growth in the rabbit. AB - Pregnant rabbits were given continuous intravenous insulin between days 26.7 and 28.7 after conception. The treatment decreased fetal serum glucose, insulin, and myoinositol. Furthermore, maternal insulin decreased fetal growth slightly, and improved the survival of the prematurely delivered fetuses. Analysis of phospholipids recovered by alveolar lavage revealed that the lung surfactant was quantitatively and qualitatively superior to the surfactant from the fetuses of the saline-glucose control animals. This effect on the lung was more striking than that of glucocorticoid. Another group of pregnant rabbits received continuous intravenous glucose between days 27.0 and 29.0 after conception. The hyperinsulinemic fetuses of the glucose-infused does weighed more and had higher serum glucose and myoinositol than did those of the control animals. There was no detectable difference in alveolar lavage phospholipids between hyperinsulinemic and normoinsulinemic fetuses of glucose-infused does. The possible importance of these findings in understanding the mechanism of acceleration of lung maturation is discussed. PMID- 7039323 TI - Impact of diverging anaerobic technology on cul-de-sac isolates from patients with endometritis-salpingitis-peritonitis. AB - The probability of obtaining accurate identification of bacteria present in the cul-de-sac in cases of polymicrobial bacterial endometritis-salpingitis peritonitis (ESP) was analyzed on the basis of a comparison of bacteriologic data derived from the hospital laboratory and those engendered by a research anaerobic laboratory. Two sets of paired cul-de-sac specimens from 20 cases of ESP were analyzed at two different laboratories whose anaerobic technology differed from that of the reference laboratory. At University Hospital (Jacksonville, Florida), 22 of 36 (61%) aerobic bacterial isolates were correctly identified, in contrast to only eight of 52 (15.4%) anaerobic isolates. The clinical facility of the University of Florida College of Medicine (Gainesville, Florida) identified 28 of 32 (86.5%) aerobic and 16 of 34 (47.9%) anaerobic isolates. The probability of accurately delineating the anaerobic bacteria present in polymicrobial peritonitis which may develop in patients with acute salpingitis was directly related to the degree of sophistication in anaerobiology. Since most institutions cannot provide sophisticated anaerobiology, the authors contend that therapy cannot be contingent upon microbiologic data and that the clinician must rely primarily on clinical and biophysical parameters to monitor the effectiveness of therapy. PMID- 7039324 TI - Sacrospinous fixation for massive eversion of the vagina. PMID- 7039325 TI - Certification by the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inc.--November, 1981. PMID- 7039326 TI - Corneal transplantation in an infant with corneal dermoid. AB - A 1-month-old infant had a protuberant congenital corneal dermoid that extended into the anterior chamber. The dermoid was excised in two stages. A 12-mm lamellar keratectomy was followed three months later by a smaller (8-mm) penetrating keratoplasty. This technique minimized the complications associated with large corneal transplants and increased the chance of long-term success. The graft has remained transparent and the posterior segment appears to be normal. The infant can maintain constant fixation and recognize small objects and crawls without difficulty. PMID- 7039327 TI - Longitudinal study of serum antibody responses to retinal antigens in acute ocular toxoplasmosis. AB - We conducted a longitudinal study of five patients with anterior and posterior acute toxoplasmic uveitis to determine the relationships, if any, between the level of toxoplasmic activity, therapy, and serum antibody titers to retinal proteins. All patients showed increased serum antibody responses to S-, P-, or p59ag-antigen isolated from bovine retina. The titers to S-antigen tended to decrease with clinical improvement and stabilized at titers somewhat higher than normal; the anti-p59ag titers decreased in those patients treated with clindamycin and sulfadiazine and remained increased throughout the acute attack and remained increased even after the attack ended. PMID- 7039328 TI - The effects of timolol maleate and acetazolamide on the rate of aqueous formation in normal human subjects. AB - We used a double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the effect of acetazolamide alone and timolol maleate alone and of the two in combination on the rate of aqueous humor flow in 21 normal subjects. The rate of aqueous flow was measured by fluorophotometry over an eight-hour period. Timolol decreased the flow by 33%, acetazolamide by 27%, and the drug combination by 44%, compared to the placebo treated eye (P less than .01). Timolol produced a 26% decrease in intraocular pressure. Timolol decreased the intraocular pressure in the fellow eye by 16%, acetazolamide by 21%, and the two drugs together by 35% (P less than .01). Neither drug significantly affected the anterior chamber volume, the endothelium's permeability, or the estimated endothelial pump rate. PMID- 7039329 TI - Mydriatic and cycloplegic drugs: a review of ocular and systemic complications. AB - Complications from mydriatic and cycloplegic drugs are rare compared with their extensive use. Adverse effects are often related to dosage or other factors. The ocular complications include increased intraocular pressure, pigmentation of the conjunctiva and cornea, pigment in the anterior chamber, lacrimal duct blockage, macular edema, corneal endothelium damage, hyperemia, allergy, discomfort, and blurred vision. The systemic complications are those common to sympathomimetic and parasympatholytic drugs and include tachycardia, hypertension, headache, faintness. pallor, trembling, excessive sweating, palpitations, arrhythmias, confusion, hallucinations, drowsiness, ataxia, flushed skin, high fever, dysarthria, thirst, dry mouth, convulsions, disorientation, nervousness, coma, and death. An understanding of all possible side effects is of paramount importance to those using these drugs in the treatment of anticholinesterase poisoning. This review is intended as a ready reference to the adverse effects of mydriatic and cycloplegic drugs. PMID- 7039330 TI - Aortic endothelial cell migration. I. Matrix requirements and composition. AB - Endothelial cell migration was studied following a mechanical injury produced in cultured confluent monolayers of calf aortic endothelium with the use of a quantitative migration assay. In this method the cells were grown on glass coverslips coated with scarlet red-containing Formvar. At confluency, the cultures were cut in half with a blade; one half was removed with the pigmented Formvar, and the other was returned to culture. Migration was linear for a least 96 hours, and was due to cell motility, not proliferation. Since it was blocked in the presence of L-azetidine carboxylic acid or cis-hydroxyproline, inhibitors of collagen secretion, endothelial cell migration appeared to be dependent on the continual secretion of collagen. Furthermore, the types, apparent relative amounts, and localizations of the collagens as well as laminin changed during the migratory process. These studies support the notion that the aortic endothelial cell migratory response to injury is a dynamic one requiring the continual secretion and modulation of matrix molecules. PMID- 7039331 TI - Dynamic time course studies of the spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rat. III. Light-microscopic and ultrastructural observations of pancreatic islets of Langerhans. AB - The pancreatic islet alterations were studied in spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rats and in young (50 and 65 days old) normoglycemic BB rats with the use of light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Three groups of diabetic rats were delineated: 1) early diabetes (1-3 days after detection of glycosuria), 2) stable diabetes (41-63 days after detection), and 3) unstable diabetes (7-22 days after detection). In early diabetes islets were extensively infiltrated by "activated" lymphocytes and macrophages, and B cells demonstrated marked degranulation, injury, and necrosis. Although no consistent changes were recorded in A cells, D cells appeared to be decreased in number. In stable and unstable diabetes, islets were small and markedly depleted of B cells, although more insulin-containing cells were identified in the stable group. The number of A and D cells appeared normal in the stable group, although some A cells appeared altered ultrastructurally. In the unstable group both A and D cells appeared decreased, and ultrastructurally altered A cells were again noted. These findings suggest that although B cells appear to be the principal islet target in this model, A and D cells also sustain cellular injury. Variable degrees of insulitis, B cell degranulation, and necrosis were documented in 65-day-old normoglycemic BB rats, suggesting that the destructive process in the islets is initiated well in advance of the onset of the clinical syndrome. The pancreases from many diabetic and normoglycemic BB rats also demonstrated mononuclear cell infiltrates distinct from insulitis in periductular and/or acinar locations. These infiltrates, not present in controls, appear to represent an additional morphologic expression of the process responsible for initiating the diabetic state. PMID- 7039333 TI - Evidence for complement-induced endothelial injury in vivo: a comparative ultrastructural tracer study in a controlled model of hyperacute rat cardiac allograft rejection. AB - In order to delineate the potential role of platelet-derived factors and of the direct lytic action of complement in the pathogenesis of endothelial injury in hyperacute allograft rejection, a highly reproducible and rigidly controlled inbred rat cardiac model was studied, utilizing colloidal carbon as a vascular tracer for comparative ultrastructural analysis of the microcirculation. Unmodified allografts were characterized by widespread intramural carbon labeling of the microvasculature, which corresponded to sites of platelet sequestration and extensive endothelial cell disintegration. Under conditions of recipient platelet depletion without concomitant complement depression, carbon-labeled segments of the microcirculation showed widespread endothelial cell disintegration, the ultrastructural features of which were similar to those observed in the unmodified allograft group. The microvasculature of syngeneic heart grafts transplanted to platelet-depleted recipients as well as all platelet depleted recipients' own hearts showed no similar ultrastructural changes. It is thus concluded that the loss of cellular integrity of the microcirculatory endothelium in hyperacute rat cardiac allograft rejection is not a platelet dependent phenomenon. The current ultrastructural data combined with previous morphologic studies provide strong evidence that the severe form of endothelial injury observed in this model is mediated by the direct action of activated complement components. PMID- 7039332 TI - Chemical carcinogenesis: a biologic perspective. PMID- 7039335 TI - The epidemiologic transition in a frontier town--Manti, Utah: 1849-1977. AB - Census reports and information in burial records of Manti, Utah from 1849 to July 1977 are examined in order to (1) document mortality trends and differentials by age, sex, cause-of-death, and seasonality as Manti passed from a frontier settlement to a rural agricultural community; and (2) ascertain whether the shifts in the cause-of-death structure follow those patterns outlined by Omran (1971, 1974, 1977) in his theory of the epidemiologic transition. Findings parallel patterns suggested by Omran. Major factors accounting for mortality reductions are (1) elimination of the population's dependence upon a contaminated water supply, and (2) adoption of medical advances as they became available. PMID- 7039334 TI - Immune complex-mediated lung injury produced by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and anti-HRP antibodies in rats. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was administered intratracheally to rats with circulating autologous or heterologous anti-HRP antibodies. Intrapulmonary immune complexes containing HRP, anti-HRP antibodies, but no C3, were detected by immunofluorescence from 1 hour to 48 hours with a maximum of 6 hours after antigenic challenge. The concomitant hemorrhagic alveolitis characterized by fibrin deposits and infiltration by polymorphs and macrophages was also maximal after 6 hours. At the ultrastructural level, HRP was easily detected, and HRP containing immune deposits were demonstrated along the basement membrane in subepithelial and subendothelial localization and in interstitial spaces. These findings suggest a C3 independent mechanism for lung injury mediated by immune complexes formed in situ. PMID- 7039336 TI - Mechanism of hyperinsulinemia after reticuloendothelial system phagocytosis. AB - Endocytic loading of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) results in acute hyperinsulinemia and functional hyperinsulinism. Colloidal carbon blockade of the RES in rats resulted in elevations of both portal vein and systemic serum immunoreactive insulin and increases in the hepatic portal vein insulin glucose ratios. Two mechanisms for the hyperinsulinemia were evaluated: 1) decreased removal of insulin by the postendocytic liver and 2) increased secretion of insulin by the isolated perfused pancreas. Colloidal carbon blockade did not alter removal of 125I-insulin as evaluated in the isolated perfused rat liver. Pancreases from postendocytic donor rats when perfused according to the technique of Grodsky manifested enhanced insulin secretion. Macrophage culture-conditioned media enhanced glucose-mediated insulin secretion both as assayed in vivo and in the isolated perfused rat pancreas. The data suggest that postendocytic activated macrophages secrete a monokine that alters insulin release and thus produces the hyperinsulinemia of RES blockade. The acronym MIRA for macrophage insulin releasing activity is proposed for the monokine. PMID- 7039337 TI - Circadian profiles of insulin receptors in insulin-dependent diabetics in usual and poor metabolic control. AB - We have characterized the 24-h changes of insulin receptors on erythrocytes from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes of long duration. These diabetics were studied both in usual and poor metabolic control. Moreover, we have examined daytime changes of insulin receptors on monocytes from newly discovered diabetics. In both erythrocyte and monocyte studies, diabetics were compared to healthy controls. At insulin tracer concentration, insulin receptor binding to erythrocytes from diabetics in usual control and normal volunteers underwent a statistically significant diurnal variation with high binding values in the early morning, low daytime values with a nadir in the late afternoon, and a peak around midnight. Even diabetics in poor metabolic control due to insulin deprivation had preserved a similar 24-h rhythm of erythrocyte insulin receptors. Insulin receptor binding to monocytes at insulin tracer concentration declined significantly during the day both in newly discovered diabetics and in healthy controls. The mechanisms responsible for the acute phase changes of insulin receptor binding are unknown, but the receptor changes seem related to the fed state. Moreover, analysis of the temporal interrelationship between erythrocyte insulin binding and plasma insulin concentration in diabetics during the 24-h period suggests that in these patients insulin may be one of the factors determining the rapid insulin receptor regulation. PMID- 7039339 TI - Insulin as a mediator of hepatic glucose uptake in the conscious dog. AB - The aim of this study was to determine whether a physiological increment in plasma insulin could promote substantial hepatic glucose uptake in response to hyperglycemia brought about by intravenous glucose infusion in the conscious dog. To accomplish this, the plasma glucose level was doubled by glucose infusion into 36-h fasted dogs maintained on somatostatin, basal glucagon, and basal or elevated intraportal insulin infusions. In the group with basal glucagon levels and modest hyperinsulinemia (33 +/- 2 micro U/ml), the acute induction of hyperglycemia (mean increment of 120 mg/dl) caused marked net hepatic glucose uptake (3.7 +/- 0.5 mg . kg-1 . min-1). In contrast, similar hyperglycemia brought about in the presence of basal glucagon and basal insulin levels described net hepatic glucose output in 56%, but did not cause net hepatic glucose uptake. The length of fast was not crucial to the response because similar signals (insulin, 38 +/- 6 micro U/ml; glucose increment, 127 mg/dl) promoted identical net hepatic glucose uptake (3.8 +/- 0.6 mg . kg-1 . min-1) in dogs fasted for only 16 h. In conclusion, in the conscious dog, a) physiologic increments in plasma insulin have a marked effect on the ability of hyperglycemia to stimulate net hepatic glucose uptake, and b) it is not necessary to administer glucose orally to promote substantial net hepatic glucose uptake. PMID- 7039338 TI - Transient hepatic response to glucagon in man: role of insulin and hyperglycemia. AB - We infused glucagon into normal humans while preventing changes in plasma glucose and insulin. Insulin (0.45 mU . min-1 . kg-1) were infused for 90 min, while euglycemia was maintained by a variable glucose infusion. Subsequently, glucagon (6 ng . min-1 . kg-1) was added, and changes in plasma glucose were avoided by appropriately reducing the glucose infusion. With insulin alone, glucose production (GP) fell to zero. When hyperglucagonemia (530 +/- 32 pg/ml) was superimposed, GP rose promptly and then slowly declined. However, between 180 and 240 min, GP remained elevated (1.72 +/- 0.30 mg . min-1 . kg-1) as compared to an insulin control study (0.03 +/- 0.20, P less than 0.025). When hyperglycemia (+25 mg/100 ml) was induced between 180 and 240 min, glucagon-stimulated GP was completely suppressed. To determine whether this effect was mediated by hyperglycemia per se or glucose-induced hyperinsulinemia, between 180 and 240 min we increased either a) the insulin infusion (by 0.25 mU . min-1 . kg-1) while maintaining euglycemia or b) plasma glucose (+25 mg/100 ml) while blocking insulin release with somatostatin. When the insulin was increased, GP declined by 68 +/- 13% (P less than 0.02). When plasma glucose alone was raised, GP fell from 1.44 +/- 0.09 to 0.07 +/- 0.16 mg . min-1 . kg-1 (less than 0.002). In conclusion, the hepatic response to sustained hyperglucagonemia is more persistent if changes in plasma glucose are prevented, and its transient nature is in part explained by a feedback adjustment to glucagon-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. PMID- 7039340 TI - From toad bladder to kidney. AB - Studies using the urinary bladder of the toad to elucidate the mechanism of transepithelial ion transport are reviewed. Sodium ions are reabsorbed from bladder urine across the granular cells, accounting for all the electrical activity of this epithelium. Sodium ions enter the granular cells passively through selective sodium channels down an electrochemical gradient, mix in the intracellular "active transport pool," and are pumped actively out of the cell across the basolateral plasma membrane. The concentration of sodium within the active transport pool is normally low, 10-14 mM, with Ringer solution bathing both surfaces. The apical plasma membrane is the major resistance barrier; both vasopressin and aldosterone stimulate sodium transport across the tissue by increasing the permeability of this barrier. The apical plasma membrane is impermeable to chloride ions and they are reabsorbed passively, in response to the transepithelial electrical potential established by active sodium transport, through paracellular channels. The bladder reabsorbs 18 sodium ions per molecule of suprabasal oxygen consumed. The relatively high apical membrane resistance buffers the basolateral active transport system from changes in osmotic work in pumping sodium out of the cell over the physiologic range of transepithelial potentials. PMID- 7039341 TI - Differences between renal tubular processing of glucagon and insulin. AB - Renal processing of glucagon and insulin was compared. Iodinated glucagon (mol wt 3,674, linear molecule) or insulin (mol wt 6,000, two chains with disulfide bonds) was microinfused into surface nephrons of the rat kidney, and the radiolabel recovered in the urine was quantified and characterized. Proximal but not distal reabsorption of both peptides was observed, and uptake varied similarly as a function of tubular length. After proximal microinfusion, [125I]glucagon was largely degraded to [125I]tyrosine in the urine, but remained intact after distal infusion. [125I]Insulin was recovered as intact peptide following both proximal and distal microinfusion. Prolonged tubular sequestration of 125I label was observed following proximal microinfusion of [125I]insulin, with efflux requiring longer than 1 h for completion. No measurable cellular sequestration of [125I]glucagon was observed. Incubation of both peptides with rabbit renal microvilli membranes resulted in enzymatic hydrolysis of [125I]glucagon but relatively little or no degradation of [125I]insulin. It is concluded that glucagon and insulin are reabsorbed in the proximal tubule by predominantly different mechanisms. PMID- 7039342 TI - Renal and tubuloglomerular feedback effects of [Sar1,Ala8]angiotensin II in the rat. AB - Experiments were done in normal rats to assess kidney, single nephron, and tubuloglomerular feedback responses during control conditions and during renin angiotensin blockade with the angiotensin II (ANG II) antagonist [Sar1,Ala8]angiotensin II (saralasin, 20 micrograms.kg-1.min-1). Plasma renin activity was increased fourfold during saralasin infusion. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow increased in parallel from 1.09 +/- 0.04 to 1.26 +/- 0.05 ml/min and from 6.4 +/- 0.5 to 7.6 +/- 0.5 ml/min, respectively. Absolute and fractional sodium excretion were increased sixfold during ANG II blockade. Hydrostatic pressures in proximal tubules, peritubular capillaries, and distal tubules were unchanged. Estimates of nephron GFR (SNGFR) based on collections of distal tubular fluid were increased from 21.6 +/- 1.2 to 24.3 +/- 0.9 nl/min during ANG II blockade. Increases in SNGFR and decreases in fractional absorption at micropuncture sites beyond the late proximal tubule during saralasin administration resulted in increases of flow rate and Cl- delivery at the early distal tubule. Tubuloglomerular feedback activity, assessed by measuring changes in proximal tubule stop-flow pressure in response to alterations in orthograde microperfusion rate from late proximal tubule sites, was significantly attenuated over the range of physiological flow rates for the late proximal tubule during blockade of the renin-angiotensin system. Acute blockade of ANG II in this rat model results in attenuated tubuloglomerular feedback activity and associated changes of hemodynamic and excretory behavior by the kidney. PMID- 7039343 TI - Capillary density in rat myocardium during timed plasma staining. AB - In urethan-anesthetized thoracotomized rats the density of myocardial capillaries that had been stained during timed infusions of a plasma label was determined. gamma-Globulin-coupled fluorochromes [lissamine-rhodamine B 200 (RB 200) and fluoresceinisothiocyanate (FITC)] were applied to the vascular system for different intervals of time. The circulation in the heart was freeze stopped, and the dye-containing capillaries were counted in histological cross sections of the organ. When the dyes had been infused into the left atrium for 1, 2, 5, or 10 s the number of stained vessels continuously increased (1,960 +/- 170, 2,780 +- 160, 3,310 +/- 130, and 3,340 +/- 140 cap/mm2 in the subepicardium and 1,990 +/- 210, 2,490 +/- 190, 3,090 +/- 160, and 3,210 +/- 160 cap/mm2 in the subendocardium, respectively). However, further prolongation of dye exposure (2, 10, or 30 min) did not increase significantly the number of marked capillaries. The induction of a general hypoxia (30-s stop of ventilation) after dye application also did not induce higher capillary counts than were found in the normoxic animals during long-time plasma labeling. Changes in red blood cell containing capillaries were not covered by these observations. The distribution of stained capillaries in the evaluated areas was more inhomogeneous after incomplete filling with RB 200 for 1 s than after complete staining with FITC for 4 min. The results favor the view that in the rat heart at rest the blood plasma passes the microcirculation in an inhomogeneous manner; in all capillaries the slowest transit times do not exceed 5 s, however. PMID- 7039344 TI - Effect of tilting on adipose tissue vascular resistance and sympathetic activity in humans. AB - To study baroreceptor reflex control of human adipose tissue circulation, head-up tilting (to 80 degrees for 10 min) was performed in eight healthy volunteers. Blood flow in subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle on the arm was evaluated by local clearance of 99mTcO4-. The isotope depots were maintained at heart level throughout the experiment. Tilting induced rapid increases in plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine, heart rate, and diastolic but not mean arterial pressure. There was rapid vasoconstriction in both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle followed by vasoconstrictor escape during tilting and a brief period of hyperemia after tilting. The vascular resistance index [mean arterial pressure/disappearance rate (kappa) of 99mTc (%/min)] increased from 16 +/- 2 to 41 +/- 9 U (P less than 0.05) in adipose tissue and from +/- 3 to 44 +/- 15 U (P less than 0.05) in skeletal muscle. Tilting caused an initial decrease followed by an increase in arterial plasma glycerol without concomitant changes in plasma immunoreactive insulin. The vascular and glycerol responses to tilting closely resemble canine subcutaneous adipose tissue responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation. The present experiments show baroreceptor reflex-induced vasoconstriction in human adipose tissue, which presumably is mediated by sympathetic nerve activity. PMID- 7039345 TI - Amiloride: a molecular probe of sodium transport in tissues and cells. AB - The potassium-sparing diuretic amiloride has proven to be a useful pharmacological tool for elucidating the molecular basis and physiological regulation of facilitated sodium entry in tissues and cells. There are two general classes of Na+ transport mechanisms which are sensitive to this drug: 1) a conductive Na+ entry pathway found in electrically high resistance epithelia and 2) a Na+-H+ electroneutral exchange system found in certain leaky epithelia such as the renal proximal tubule. This latter system is also found in many different cellular preparations and seems to function in cell proliferation and differentiation, volume regulation, and intracellular pH regulation. In these cells, this exchange pathway becomes operational usually after some external stimuli. Much higher concentrations of amiloride are required to inhibit the exchange pathway than those required to inhibit the Na+ entry pathway. This drug is the most potent and specific inhibitor of Na+ entry found to date and thus affords the opportunity to be used as a label for the isolation of these transport moieties. PMID- 7039347 TI - Responses of ram lambs to active immunization against testosterone and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - Active immunization of young ram lambs against testosterone and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) was shown to block the growth attributes characteristic of intact ram lambs. Testosterone and LHRH-immunized lambs grew at a slower rate and converted feed to live weight gain less efficiently than albumin-immunized controls. Lambs immunized against testosterone and LHRH had high antibody titers for their respective antigens. Moreover, testosterone immunized lambs had high serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone, whereas LHRH-immunized lambs had low to nondetectable serum concentrations of these hormones. Release of LH and testosterone following the intravenous administration of LHRH (250 ng) was absent in LHRH-immunized lambs, but quantitatively similar for intact and albumin-immunized control lambs. Testosterone-immunized lambs responded as did conventional castrates with a large LH release, but testosterone concentrations were unchanged. These findings are discussed relative to the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular endocrine axis and the importance of gonadotropin support for normal testicular development. These data show that LHRH immunoneutralization effectively retards testicular development and produces a castration effect in young ram lambs. PMID- 7039346 TI - Intracellular Na+ and K+ activities during insulin stimulation of rat soleus muscle. AB - The action of insulin on the resting membrane potential (Em) and intracellular sodium and potassium activities (aNa, aK) of rat soleus muscle fibers was determined by direct intracellular measurements of aNa, aK, and Em using Na selective, K-selective, and conventional microelectrodes. The use of these microelectrodes allowed us to continuously monitor these parameters in the same fiber. Although we were able to accurately measure aNa and aK and continuously monitor their levels throughout periods of insulin stimulation of up to 20 min duration, we were unable to detect any significant change in Em, aNa, or aK. Varying the concentration of insulin or extracellular glucose failed to alter our observations. These results indicate that the action of insulin on the sarcolemma and subsequent increase in glucose transport must result from some mechanism independent of a change in membrane potential or intracellular sodium or potassium activity. PMID- 7039348 TI - Calcitonin modulation of insulin and glucagon secretion in man. AB - These studies were undertaken to evaluate the effect of different doses of calcitonin on insulin and glucagon responses to intravenous glucase loads and to assess the mechanism/s by which calcitonin inhibits insulin secretion in man. In our studies, even the infusion of the 1-U dose of calcitonin was found to inhibit by 45% the acute insulin response to a glucose (20 g) pulse. This effect was associated with a significant decrease in glucose disappearance rates. These negative effects of calcitonin on both insulin secretion and glucose tolerance were dose-related. The inhibition of the acute insulin response to glucose was 65% and up to 90% with the infusion of the 4- and 8-U doses, respectively. The suppressive effect of glucose on glucagon secretion was significantly reduced by calcitonin. The inhibitory effect of calcitonin on insulin responses to glucose (5 g) and glucose tolerance was reversed by both theophylline and calcium. By contrast, infusion of lysine acetylsalicylate to block the synthesis of endogenous prostaglandins did not diminish the inhibitory effect of calcitonin on insulin secretion. These results demonstrate that a) calcitonin inhibits glucose induced insulin responses and deteriorates glucose tolerance in normal humans in a dose-dependent manner; b) calcitonin reduces the suppressive effect of glucose on glucagon secretion in a dose-related fashion; and c) both theophylline and calcium reverse the inhibitory effect of calcitonin on insulin secretion. It is hypothesized that calcitonin effects on insulin and glucagon release are mediated via a change in calcium redistribution in the islet cells. PMID- 7039349 TI - Conditions for enhancement of renin release by isoproterenol, dopamine, and glucagon. AB - Isoproterenol infusion increases renin release at low but not at control blood pressure. To examine whether this effect is dependent on arteriolar dilation and is specific for agonists of beta-adrenoceptors, responses to intrarenal infusion of isoproterenol (0.2 micrograms.kg body wt-1.min-1), glucagon (0.1 micrograms.kg body wt-1.min-1), and dopamine (1 micrograms.kg body wt-1.min-1) were compared at control and low or high ureteral pressure, which also dilates the renal arterioles. During renal arterial constriction, renin release was equal at two perfusion pressures below the range of autoregulation and was 76 +/- 24 micrograms/min higher during isoproterenol than during propranolol administration. Intravenous infusion of isoproterenol gave qualitatively similar results. Intrarenal infusion of glucagon and dopamine increased renin release by 13 +/- 3 and 22 +/- 12 micrograms/min, respectively; enhancement of renin release was also present after propranolol administration. During ureteral occlusion, intrarenal infusion of isoproterenol, dopamine, and glucagon increased renin release from 30-40 micrograms/min by 78 +/- 11, 13 +/- 3, and 31 +/- 10 micrograms/min, respectively. At control blood and ureteral pressure, the effects on renin release of infusing isoproterenol, dopamine, or glucagon were small or absent. Thus, isoproterenol, dopamine, amd glucagon enhance renin release when the arterioles are dilated by renal arterial constriction or ureteral occlusion. PMID- 7039350 TI - Marshall Barber and the origins of micropipette methods. AB - Current methods for the study of renal physiology depend heavily on the use of micropipettes fashioned from glass capillary tubes. The technique for making glass micropipettes and manipulating them in the field of a compound microscope appears to have been invented about 1904 by Marshall A. Barber, a bacteriologist at the University of Kansas. Barber's methods were passed on and successively modified by G. L. Kite and R. Chambers, and were finally adapted for renal studies by A. N. Richards. The apparatus for perfusing isolated segments of renal tubules in vitro is remarkably similar to the original device used by Barber over three-quarters of a century ago. PMID- 7039351 TI - Gastroduodenal HCO3(-) transport: characteristics and proposed role in acidity regulation and mucosal protection. AB - Gastric HCO3(-) transport (basal) studied in isolated amphibian mucosa and mammalian stomach in vivo amounts to 2-10% of maximal H+ secretion. Duodenal mucosa, devoid of Brunner's glands, transports HCO3(-) at a greater rate (per unit surface area) than either stomach or jejunum in vitro and in vivo. Gastric (but not duodenal) HCO3(-) transport is stimulated by dibutyryl cGMP, carbachol, and cholecystokinin and duodenal (but not gastric) transport by dibutyryl cAMP and gastric inhibitory peptide. Glucagon and E- and F-type prostaglandins stimulate, whereas histamine, gastrin, and secretin are without effect in both stomach and duodenum. Gastric transport very probably occurs by Cl--HCO3(-) exchange at the luminal membranes of the surface epithelial cells. In addition to this mechanism, the duodenum also transports HCO3(-) electrogenically. Lowering the luminal pH increases transport in both the stomach and duodenum. This response, probably mediated via both local production of prostaglandins and tissue-specific humoral agents, may be important in mucosal protection against acid. Metabolism-dependent transport of HCO3(-), stimulated by acid, seems quantitatively sufficient to account for all of the duodenal and most of the gastric mucosa's ability to remove luminal acid. PMID- 7039352 TI - Modulation of rabbit carotid baroreflex during positive end-expiratory pressure. AB - Modification of carotid baroreflex heart and vascular responses during increased lung positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were measured anesthetized aortic denervated rabbits. Static carotid intrasinus pressure (ISP) was varied in increments of 12.5 mmHg over 25-140 mmHg during lung inflation conditions ranging from spontaneous breathing (SB) to positive-pressure respiration at 0.0-7.5 cmH2O PEEP. To distinguish cardiopulmonary vagally and nonvagally mediated influences, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were measured and compared before and after sequential vagotomy and beta- and alpha-receptor blockade. When compared with responses of SB animals the HR-ISP relationship was not significantly altered during controlled respiration (CR) with PEEP before or after vagotomy. With CR and then PEEP, MAP-ISP relationship curves and linear slope values (ISP range 62 113 mmHg) were significantly depressed when compared with those of SB rabbits. Before vagotomy slope values were -1.61 (SB), -1.22 (CR + 0.0 cmH2O PEEP), and 0.82 (CR + 7.5 cmH2O PEEP); respective values after vagotomy were -2.26, -0.96, and -0.64. Results of CO and TPR responses during low ISP and PEEP demonstrated components of both vagally and nonvagally mediated influences from inflation sensitive cardiopulmonary receptors.U PMID- 7039353 TI - The tides of human consciousness: descriptions and questions. AB - A Rosetta Stone has appeared in our midst in the form of R. A. Wever's monograph The Circadian System of Man (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1979), describing the results of 20 years' experiments with J. Aschoff. In the January 1982 issue of this journal, Kronauer, Czeisler, Pilato, Moore-Ede, and Weitzman offer their decipherment: a mathematical description of man's circadian temperature rhythm and sleep timing based on their own experimental observations in the Bronx, confirming and substantially extending Wever's in Bavaria. This paper might have been as happily received by the Journal of Mathematical Biology or Biological Cybernetics. Accordingly I here attempt to disentangle numerical description from physiological hypothesis, emphasizing items that seem, at least in principle, susceptible to experimental test. PMID- 7039354 TI - Effect of swim training on development of obesity in the genetically obese rat. AB - Seven-week-old female lean and obese Zucker rats were swim trained or kept sedentary for 8 wk. Another group of obese rats was exercised plus food restricted. During exercise training, obese and lean rats ate more but gained less body weight than sedentary controls. Exercise favorably altered body composition, adipose cellularity, and plasma insulin of the obese rat. Exercise plus food restriction more dramatically affected body composition and adipose cellularity but was no more effective in depressing hyperinsulinemia than exercise alone. Following 8 wk of retirement, dorsal fat cell number remained depressed to formerly exercised obese rats whereas adipose cellularity in other depots, body composition, and plasma insulin were similar to control levels. Thus, exercise delayed but did not prevent the full development of obesity in the Zucker rat. Food restriction along with exercise resulted in more permanent effects on adipose cellularity than exercise alone but stunted muscle and skeletal growth. PMID- 7039356 TI - Influence of nutritional state on periodicity in plasma insulin levels in monkeys. AB - Rapid sustained oscillations in basal plasma levels of insulin, glucose, and glucagon (9-12 min/cycle) have been identified in rhesus monkeys and in humans. To assess the possible regulatory role of nutritional state in the control of these plasma fluctuations, 12 chronically cannulated conscious rhesus monkeys were studied at varying intervals following ingestion of a mixed meal. Blood samples were withdrawn at 2-min intervals for periods of 10-30 min. In the postprandial period both absolute and relative amplitudes (half amplitude percent) of oscillations increased up to 16 h postfeeding to maximal amplitudes of +/- 32% for insulin, +/- 4% for glucose, and +/- 22% for glucagon. Periods were consistently in the 9- to 12-min range for insulin and glucose. Progressive deprivation to 88 h produced decreases in amplitudes and more irregularity in fluctuations but did not affect the underlying periodicity of these oscillations in plasma levels of insulin, glucose, and glucagon. Results are consistent with the existence of one or more inherent oscillators in the pancreas that act to synchronize the release of hormones from particular types of islet cells. The amplitude of these oscillations but not the frequencies is associated with changes in liver metabolism and nutritional state. PMID- 7039355 TI - Glucose and endocrine responses to hypothalamic electrical stimulation in rats. AB - The effect of ventromedial (VMN) or basolateral (LHA) hypothalamic electrical stimulation on glucose and hormone production was examined in conscious and anesthetized male rats. Barbiturate treatment alone led to large increases of corticosterone and smaller but significant increases of glucose, insulin, and glucagon. When hypothalamic stimulation was combined with anesthesia, interactions between the hypothalamic sites and the awake-anesthetized conditions were observed. This was most evident with LHA placements, as awake rats exhibited mild hypoglycemia and hypoglucagonemia in response to low-level (approximately 10 microA rms) current, but no effects on these values were seen with VMN electrodes. With barbiturate anesthesia, the same level of stimulation led to severe hyperglycemia in both VMN and LHA rats and a mild hyperglucagonemia in the LHA group. No consistent effects of stimulation on immunoreactive insulin or corticosterone were detected at either hypothalamic site or in any anesthesia condition. The present results point out the important role anesthetics may play in studies defining functional aspects of the hypothalamus. Furthermore, our inability to elicit consistent autonomic responses with electrical stimulation, when compared with the effectiveness of both metabolic agents and pharmacologic stimuli, suggests that the sites integrating autonomic function may be diffusely distributed over the basal diencephalon. PMID- 7039357 TI - Central and peripheral adrenergic modulation of carotid sinus-induced renin release. AB - To study central and peripheral mechanisms that regulate the level of circulating renin during activation of the carotid sinus baroreflex, both carotid sinuses were isolated and perfused at constant flow in chloralase-anesthetized dogs. Sinus pressure was controlled by an adjustable reservoir while systemic pressure was stabilized using an external chamber. Arterial renin activity, measured by radioimmunoassay, was increased during sinus hypotension only if systemic pressure was held constant. The renin response was eliminated by either sinus or renal denervation. Administration of propranolol (iv) or phentolamine directly into the renal artery totally blocked the increase in renin during activation of the reflex. Perfusion of a beta-adrenergic blocker (propranolol) or an alpha adrenergic blocker (phentolamine) through the third and fourth cerebroventricles had no effect on the increase in renin during sinus hypotension, whereas centrally administered clonidine, and alpha-agonist, blocked the response. We conclude that the sinus reflex arc affecting renin release involves not only activation of peripheral alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors in the kidney but also inhibition of central alpha-adrenergic receptors. No evidence for central beta-involvement was found. PMID- 7039359 TI - Development of pancreatic and plasma insulin in prenatal and suckling Zucker rats. AB - Pancreatic and plasma insulin concentrations in preobese and lean Zucker rats were determined during three developmental periods: 1) gestation, 2) suckling, and 3) postweaning. Individual fetal samples were derived from two types of matings: 1) homozygous obese males (fafa) with heterozygous females (Fafa), and 2) homozygous lean males and females (FaFa). Suckling and postweaned pups from similar matings were partially pancreatectomized, tail bled, and identified retrospectively. In 21-day-old fetuses bearing the fa gene, plasma insulin concentration was elevated (P less than 0.001) and pancreatic concentration was slightly lower (P less than 0.05) compared to homozygous lean fetuses. Neither pancreatic nor plasma insulin concentration differed between preobese and lean pups during suckling, except that pancreatic concentration became elevated in preobese pups on postnatal day 20 (P less than 0.05). Plasma insulin concentration was elevated 24 h postweaning (P less than 0.01). These data support the hypothesis that the fa gene initiates metabolic changes during gestation that are modulated during suckling, but reappear at weaning. The data also establish that increased adipocyte size and lipoprotein lipase activity in 7 to 12-day-old preobese pups are not dependent on concomitant hyperinsulinemia. PMID- 7039358 TI - Role of macula densa in renal nerve modulation of renin secretion. AB - Low-frequency renal nerve stimulation (0.25 Hz) augments the renin secretion response to reduction of renal perfusion pressure to 50 mmHg by aortic constriction. The present experiments determined whether this modulating influence could be demonstrated when the macula densa receptor was inoperative. In 10 anesthetized dogs with a nonfiltering kidney and sectioned renal nerves, aortic constriction to 52 mmHg decreased renal blood flow and increased renin secretion from 126 +/- 94 to 192 +/- 55 ng/min. During low-frequency renal nerve stimulation and aortic constriction to 50 mmHg, renin secretion was not augmented (37 +/- 13 to 81 +/- 42 ng/min). In four anesthetized dogs with nonfiltering kidneys, aortic constriction to 52 mmHg increased renin secretion similarly before (16 +/- 8 to 68 +/- 17 ng/min) and after renal denervation (14 +/- 14 to 78 +/- 18 ng/min). Therefore, the augmentation of the renin secretion response to aortic constriction to 50 mmHg by low-frequency renal nerve stimulation in filtering kidneys does not result from an interaction with the renal vascular baroreceptor or the juxtaglomerular granular cells. Since neural augmentation of renin secretion during aortic constriction was not observed in the nonfiltering kidney where the macula densa is inoperative, we conclude that the macula densa is the probable site for the neural modulation of renin secretion. PMID- 7039360 TI - Relation of insulin receptor occupancy and deactivation of glucose transport. AB - Kinetics of association and dissociation of 125I-insulin and of activation and deactivation of 3-O-methylglucose transport were determined in isolated rat fat cells. Equilibrium bound insulin (7.5, 25, 100 microunits/ml) dissociated with a t1/2 of 2 min (100 microunits/ml), 4 min (25 microunits/ml), and 16 min (7.5 microunits/ml). Consecutive deactivation of transport is observed only in the presence of glucose (1 mM); the t1/2 of deactivation is approximately 60 min (100 and 25 microunits/ml) and 20 min (7.5 microunits/ml). At 15 degrees C, the t1/2 of dissociation (7.5 microunits/ml) is 25 min, and deactivation is not observed. Addition of dithioerythritol (5 mM) during the association of insulin decreased the binding rapidly; however, a reduced insulin effect was only seen if the binding decreased during the early activation phase of transport. In conclusion, the maintenance of the insulin effect on transport does not require persistent receptor occupancy; dissociation and deactivation are, with respect to kinetics, temperature dependency and requirement of glucose, independent processes. Receptor occupancy probably only controls the activation of transport; deactivation seems to be controlled by postreceptor processes. PMID- 7039361 TI - Sham feeding-induced cephalic phase insulin release in the rat. AB - The effect of the cephalic phase of food ingestion on plasma insulin and glucagon concentration was assessed in the sham-feeding rat, bearing chronically implanted gastric drainage fistulas. It was found that continuous sham feeding produced a significant and phasic peripheral insulin response in the absence of any significant changes of glycemia. The response was almost completely blocked by prior intravenous administration of 2 mg/kg of atropine methyl nitrate and potentiated by prior intravenous administration of 1.0 or 2.5 mg/kg of phentolamine. In spite of the larger insulin response after phentolamine, there was no hypoglycemia detected. Furthermore, continuous sham feeding did not produce a significant glucagon response, whereas real feeling did. The results demonstrate that cholinergic insulin release is triggered phasically by continuous ingestion of familiar food and that this insulin response is inhibited by an alpha-adrenergic sympathetic tone. It is further concluded that the increased glucose disposal produced by the neurally released insulin is not counteracted by a concomitant glucagon response or by direct adrenergic stimulation of hepatic glucose production. PMID- 7039362 TI - New pathways for potassium transport in the kidney. AB - This review focuses on the hypothesis that potassium is recycled in the medulla by secretion into the pars recta or descending limb of long-looped nephrons and reabsorption from the ascending limb and/or medullary collecting duct. Evidence supporting the recycling hypothesis is summarized and the process is analyzed quantitatively by an examination of the mass flow of potassium reaching different sites along superficial and juxtamedullary nephrons and collecting tubules. From differences in potassium mass flow between sites, we have estimated the amount of potassium that must be secreted or absorbed by individual segments of the renal tubule. These rates of secretion and absorption are compared with the potassium transport characteristics of the respective segments, as assessed by isolated tubule perfusion in vitro and micropuncture in vivo. It is apparent that potassium secretion can occur passively in the pars recta and descending limb of long-looped nephrons as a consequence of the elevated potassium concentration in the medullary interstitium. At present, no active potassium absorptive mechanism has been demonstrated in any segment of the ascending limb. Due to the very high ionic permeability of the thin ascending segment and the lumen-positive transepithelial voltage in the thick ascending segment, however, considerable passive absorption likely occurs, although net potassium secretion has also been demonstrated in the cortical thick ascending limb. The high potassium concentration in the inner medullary interstitium and the difference in mass flow of potassium between the end of superficial nephrons in the cortex and the collecting ducts in the papilla, at least under certain circumstances, are best accounted for by net potassium reabsorption in the medullary collecting duct. PMID- 7039363 TI - In vivo biosynthesis and turnover of glomerular basement membrane in diabetic rats. AB - Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was labeled in vivo by the injection of tracer amounts of tritiated proline into normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Basement membrane biosynthesis and turnover were determined from the specific activities of proline and hydroxyproline in samples purified following osmotic lysis of glomeruli isolated 4 h to 12 days after injection. Peak radiolabeling of normal and diabetic GBM occurred within 24-48 h and 48-72 h, respectively, and, when corrected for differences in the serum proline specific activities, [3H]proline incorporation was greater in diabetic than in normal samples. In contrast to the subsequent time-dependent progressive decline in radiolabeling in basement membranes from normal animals, specific activities of proline and hydroxyproline in diabetic glomerular basement membrane did not change significantly over the same period of observation. Renal cortical mass and glomerular basement membrane collagen content were preserved in diabetic animals despite loss of body weight. The findings are compatible with prolongation of glomerular basement membrane turnover in experimental diabetes, and suggest that diminished degradation contributes to the accumulation of glomerular basement membrane that is characteristic of chronic diabetes. PMID- 7039364 TI - Dietary modulation of alpha-cell volume and function in strain 129/J mice. AB - Weanling female 129/J mice were maintained for 1, 2, 3, or 6 mo on either a control diet containing 60% sucrose and 23% protein or an isocaloric, high protein, no-carbohydrate diet containing 83% protein and 0% sucrose. Mice were killed after each interval to assess the effect of diet on histological and physiological changes in the endocrine pancreas. Image analysis of islets stained immunocytochemically for alpha-cells, beta-cells, delta-cells, and PP cells was performed to quantify changes in islet structure. It was found that islet composition was strongly affected by diet. The volume density of the alpha-cells was significantly elevated in mice fed the high-protein diet (e.g., 35% vs. 16% in controls at 6 mo), whereas the volume density of beta-cells concomitantly decreased from 65 to 39%. Radioimmunoassay of the insulin and glucagon content of the pancreas and the plasma corroborated the morphometric findings. Pancreatic and plasma glucagon concentration in mice on the high-protein diet was elevated by an average of 2.5-fold above controls, whereas pancreatic insulin concentration was diminished by nearly half. The increase in alpha-cell volume density and pancreatic glucagon concentration appeared initially due to alpha cell hypertrophy, although by 6 mo of high-protein feeding both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the alpha-cells were evident. Presumably, these changes were compensatory responses to the increased functional demand on alpha-cells (i.e., glucagon biosynthesis and secretion) imposed by chronic high-protein feeding. PMID- 7039366 TI - Dimensional analysis of right and left ventricles during positive-pressure ventilation in dogs. AB - Our purpose was to determine the effects of controlled ventilation with positive end-expired pressure (PEEP) on ventricular dimensions and to relate changes in shape to changes in stroke volume and left ventricular volumes. Left and right ventricular dimensions were measured using biplane cinefluorography of dogs with radiopaque markers implanted in their hearts, and left ventricular volumes were derived from left ventricular dimensions by assuming that the left ventricle conformed to the shape of a nonprolate ellipsoid. As PEEP increased from 0 to 5, 10, and 15 cmH2O, stroke volume fell 36%, and all three left ventricular end diastolic dimensions fell, with apex-base falling 5%, anterior-posterior falling 7%, and septal-lateral falling nearly twice as much, 12%. This resulted in a 11.3 cm3 fall in left ventricular end-diastolic volume. The right ventricular end diastolic dimensions changed in opposite directions with respect to each other as the level and PEEP was raised to 15 cmH2O; one axis fell 3.2 mm, and the midpoint of the right ventricular free wall moved outward by 1.7 mm. Thus the fall in cardiac output (and stroke volume) during PEEP was associated with a fall in left ventricular end-diastolic volume and a change both left and right ventricular configurations. It is not known whether the left ventricular septal-lateral narrowing is the consequence of lateral wall compression by the lungs or encroachment on the left ventricle by the septum. PMID- 7039365 TI - Insulin reversal of diabetes-induced inhibition of vascular contractility in the rat. AB - Contractures induced by 10(-9)-10(-4) M phenylephrine (PE) or 10-70 mM KCl were observed in aortas isolated from untreated and insulin-treated streptozotocin diabetic rats. The experiments were conducted at 2-wk intervals for a 12-wk period after the induction of diabetes. Diabetes caused an average decrease of 58 and 60% in the K and PE contractures, respectively. Although the PE contractures in aortas from the insulin-treated diabetic animals (81%) were significantly greater than those in aortas from the untreated diabetic animals (60%), they were significantly less than those in control tissues (100%). Insulin treatment completely reversed the diabetes-induced decrease in the K contracture (102%). It appears that the diabetes-induced decreases in tension may result from an altered sensitivity of the tissues to KCl but not PE. Histological examination of the tissues revealed that the diminished contractions were not due to any detectable change in mural structure. The data indicate that diabetes-induced inhibition of the mechanisms involved in mediating the K contracture are completely reversible by insulin treatment, whereas those mediating the PE contracture are only partially reversible. PMID- 7039368 TI - Medicaid cutbacks and block grants: crisis or opportunity for community mental health? AB - The fourfold growth in the mental health service system since 1955 has been largely financed by federal monies and by federal and state funding through Medicaid. This growth represents expansion of both institutional and outpatient settings, even though there has been a total reversal of the proportion of inpatient to outpatient care over the last 22 years. Current proposals to cap Medicaid costs and to issue block grants challenge the delivery system to attempt alternatives, such as financing similar to what is done in a health maintenance organization (HMO). The author describes a model of a "mental health HMO" that would be appropriate from professional consumer, and economic perspectives. PMID- 7039367 TI - The out-of-body experience: a phenomenological typology based on questionnaire responses. AB - The authors review the few surveys that have been made of the incidence of out-of body experiences. They then present data on 339 respondents to questionnaires who reported having had out-of-body experiences and 81 who had not. They analyze these data according to the conditions existing at the time of the experience, phenomenological features, and the long- and short-term impact of the experience. Finally, they raise questions about the etiology of out-of-body phenomena and their meaning to individuals who have such experiences. PMID- 7039369 TI - Diazepam in schizophrenia: a preliminary double-blind trial. PMID- 7039370 TI - Daniel Blain, M.D., Sc.D.: 1898-1981. PMID- 7039372 TI - The environmental health matrix: information for use in planning. AB - Environmental and Health planners and policy makers would benefit from a presentation of the casual relationships and the use of that information for plan development and priority setting. The concept of the Environmental-Health Matrix provides a simple structure for constructing data base of environmental-health research information. The Matrix is organized so that it can be used by either environmental or health planners. Entries in the cells of the Matrix assess the nature of the research evidence and direct the user to summaries of research findings. The initial application of the Matrix as both a guide for a literature review and a data base for planning is discussed. PMID- 7039373 TI - Autoimmune thyroid disease and pregnancy. PMID- 7039374 TI - An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection and quantitation of antisperm antibodies. AB - Several recent comparative investigations using various assays to detect and quantitate levels of antibody to human spermatozoa have produced widely varying results. In an attempt to reduce test variability, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was devised to measure antisperm antibodies. A standardized protocol was adapted employing sperm adsorption to polystyrene microtiter plates, at a density of 10(5) sperm per well, serum and enzyme conjugate incubation conditions at 37 degrees C for 60 min, and three ten-minute washes between incubations, using phosphate-buffered saline containing Tween-20. Using antihuman sperm antisera generated in rabbits, the ELISA was shown to yield significantly detectable antibody at dilutions of 1/16,384. The ELISA demonstrated approximately 89% reproducibility (ie, 100% minus the coefficient of variation) for an "intraassay" study wherein 300 determinations were performed on the same day on sperm from ten donors. However, when sperm from one donor were used in 30 determinations during ten assays over a six-month period, "interassay" reproducibility was approximately 51%. The ELISA was compared with macroagglutination, microagglutination, and immobilization tests, using rabbit antisperm serum and human sera from vasectomized males. Results of this study indicated that the ELISA was more sensitive, less subjective, and easier to perform than these other commonly used techniques. PMID- 7039371 TI - The experimental evidence for weight-loss treatment of essential hypertension: a critical review. AB - The empirical evidence concerning the therapeutic effects of weight loss for hypertension treatment was reviewed. Interventions were critically reviewed for strength of measures and experimental design. Six of 21 intervention studies proved to be methodologically strong. However, only one study was considered a randomized clinical trial, testing the combined effects of weight reduction and pharmacological treatment of hypertension. Average blood pressure decrease obtained from the methodologically strongest studies was -21 mmHg and -13 mmHg, for systolic and diastolic measures, respectively. This magnitude change suggests that weight loss may be a clinically and statistically significant treatment. Confounding and bias variables, such as adherence to diet, medication, salt consumption, etc., were discussed and future areas of research were outlined. It was concluded that weight loss appears to be an effective and safe treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7039375 TI - Surgical pathology of the spleen: an approach to the differential diagnosis of splenic lymphomas and leukemias. Part II. Diseases of the red pulp. AB - The diseases which chiefly pertain to the differential diagnosis of splenic lymphomas and leukemias primarily involving the red pulp have been separated into five histologic categories. These include the various forms of congestion, infections, benign and malignant histiocytic proliferations, leukemias and myeloproliferative disorders, and the rare nonhematopoietic tumors of the spleen. Many diseases with major involvement of the red pulp present as hypersplenism of unknown etiology. Accurate diagnosis is particularly dependent on an awareness of the specific histologic manifestations of malignant histiocytosis and the different leukemias in contrast to benign disorders, such as infectious mononucleosis which may simulate malignancy in the splenic red pulp. For each histologic category, therefore, the relevant morphologic features are reviewed, pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical manifestations correlated, and criteria for differential diagnosis emphasized. PMID- 7039376 TI - Differentiation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia from Hodgkin's disease using immunologic marker studies. AB - Four consecutive lymph node biopsies from one patient showed features typical of lymphocyte-pre-dominant Hodgkin's disease. When the patient developed lymphocytosis of the peripheral blood and a staging bone marrow biopsy was found to have nodular lymphoid infiltrates atypical for Hodgkin's disease, the fourth node biopsy was performed in order to perform immunologic marker studies. A monoclonal cell population was identified and the lymph nodes were interpreted as chronic lymphocytic leukemia mimicking lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease. The diagnostic usefulness of immunologic marker studies stressed. PMID- 7039377 TI - Gunnar Teilum. PMID- 7039378 TI - Prospective, randomized, controlled trial of ticarcillin and cephalothin as prophylactic antibiotics for gastrointestinal operations. AB - The effectiveness of ticarcillin (one 6 g dose at the start of the operation) and cephalothin (three 2 g doses given at 4 hour intervals from the start of the operation) as prophylactic antibiotics in operations on the colon, stomach, small bowel or obstructed biliary tract was determined in a prospective, randomized, blind study of 190 patients. Data from the 152 patients forming the definitive study revealed a significant reduction in the rate of wound and peritoneal infections with the use of ticarcillin (3.4 percent) and cephalothin (5.3 percent) over that with the use of a placebo (27.8 percent). Cultures showed no evidence of antibiotic resistance in the contaminant organisms of patients who later developed infections. Both antibiotic regimens offered excellent protection against infection after gastrointestinal operations; neither produced untoward side effects. The very short duration of treatment, particularly with ticarcillin, conferred the additional benefits of low cost, simplicity of drug administration, and negligible risk of the emergence of resistant bacterial strains. PMID- 7039379 TI - Red blood cell sodium content and permeability changes in hemorrhagic shock. AB - Recent studies of cellular function have demonstrated significant alterations of cell homeostasis during hemorrhagic shock. The progressive depolarization of cell membranes demonstrated in several organs has been attributed to failure of energy dependent active ion transport. Similar changes in intracellular electrolyte composition have been observed in the red blood cells of some patients in late hemorrhagic shock and in other severely ill patients. The ready availability of isolated cells that do not require extracellular fluid space assessment makes the red blood cell an attractive model for investigating the factors controlling ion movements across the cell wall. It has been suggested that the red blood cell ion abnormalities may represent a generalized cellular response to severe illness. Red blood cell sodium concentration was measured in 145 patients during severe hemorrhagic shock. The direction and magnitude of changes in red blood sodium concentration was correlated with the time course of the shock state. The initial decrease in sodium content was a function of the diminished red blood cell membrane permeability due to a decrease in plasma bicarbonate levels. The subsequent red blood cell sodium uptake above the normal range, not associated with an increase in sodium influx, indicated an impairment of energy-dependent active transport. The observed high sodium concentrations associated with a potassium decrease in the red blood cell appeared to be only one manifestation of a generalized defect in cellular function and composition during severe hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 7039380 TI - A peripatetic surgery in Valhalla (Frank Hastings Hamilton). PMID- 7039381 TI - A new technique for closing abdominal incisions in patients with poor wound healing. AB - A new procedure is described for closing the abdominal wall in patients expected to have poor wound healing. The technique uses rigid steel wires passed through both abdominal thicknesses perpendicularly to the incision with an extraperitoneal course and passed through a large Silastic tube laid on the skin surface parallel to the incision. This method considerably reduces the two detrimental effects of one layer stitches: sawing of tissues by the thread and ischemic compression of the abdominal wall. We have used this procedure in 33 patients, with 31 satisfactory results. In 10 eviscerations that occurred after other methods of closure, only 1 recurrent evisceration was observed. PMID- 7039382 TI - [Role of intrauterine bacterial infection in perinatal pathology]. PMID- 7039384 TI - [Pregnancy and labor in patients with heart valve prosthesis]. PMID- 7039383 TI - [Pathological changes of the placenta during intrauterine streptococcal infection (experimental study)]. PMID- 7039385 TI - [Treatment of dysfunctional uterine hemorrhages]. PMID- 7039386 TI - [Use of lasers in gynecologic practice]. PMID- 7039387 TI - [Characteristics of ultrasound used in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 7039388 TI - [Role of the thyroid and adrenal glands in the physiology and pathology of puberty in young girls]. PMID- 7039389 TI - Experimental studies on the influence of male alcoholism on fetal development. AB - To study the effect of paternal chronic ethanol consumption on fetal development, an experimental rat model was established and compared to the fetal alcohol syndrome. Male and female Wistar rats were divided into 30% ethanol (E) and control groups. Before mating and during pregnancy the ethanol group and control group received E and water, respectively. Pregnancies were terminated on gestational day 21. The body weight, liver weight, blood glucose, serum insulin and cerebral CNPase activity were decreased in alcoholic males. The adverse effect of maternal chronic ethanol on fetal development was shown clearly and was not related to paternal ethanol. The adverse effect of paternal alcoholism on the fetus was shown in decreased litter size, or decreased body weight, cerebral weight and cerebral DNA, RNA and leucine incorporation into protein without a decrease in the litter size. The former finding was observed in the fetuses of aged male and female rats and latter in the fetuses of young female rats. In conclusion, both observations in our study indicate the adverse effect of paternal alcoholism on the fetal development. PMID- 7039391 TI - Therapeutic trial by taurine for intractable childhood epilepsies. AB - Taurine was administered orally to 25 intractable epileptic children, ranging in age from 4 months to 12 years. All patients had been suffered from frequent seizures daily in spite of vigorous anticonvulsant medication. Daily taurine doses ranged from 0.05 to 0.3 g/kg. Twelve patients received probenecid additionally in doses ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 g/day. Complete control of seizures was achieved in a case of Lennox syndrome, over 50% decrease of seizure frequency in 1 case, less than 50% decrease in 4 cases, and no effects in 18 cases. The effects of taurine often manifest only temporarily. Electroencephalographic abnormalities did not improve by taurine in 21 cases examined except 1 in which EEG markedly ameliorated along with clinical seizure control. In 6 patients, the concentration of taurine in CSF and serum did not change but urinary excretion increased. Four patients exhibited side effects of drowsiness and ataxia. PMID- 7039390 TI - Antiepileptic effects of clobazam in children. AB - Many benzodiazepines used as anticonvulsants have nitrogen radicals in positions 1 and 4. Clobazam has nitrogen radicals in positions 1 and 5. We studied the antiepileptic effect of clobazam in 36 patients with intractable epilepsies in childhood. Their ages were 1 year 1 month to 16 years 5 months (mean 8 years). The mean initial dose was 0.33 mg/kg of daily doses and increased up to 0.71 mg/kg. Nine cases (primary generalized epilepsy 2/2, secondary generalized epilepsy 7/29) were completely free from seizures, and another 9 (secondary generalized epilepsy 8/29, partial epilepsy 1/5) experienced a decrease of 50% or more in seizure frequency. Seizure frequency did not change in 16, and increased in the other 2 (secondary generalized epilepsy 2/29). The antiepileptic effects were observed on the first day to 10th day after clobazam treatment. There were recurrences of seizures in 4 out of 9 patients with complete control of seizures, 1 month alter in 3 and 10 months later in one. Mean serum clobazam level of 7 improved cases was 73 ng/ml and that of 3 cases with no response was 94 ng/ml. Although mild clinical side effects such as drowsiness were observed transiently in 17 cases, no abnormality was found in laboratory investigations performed. PMID- 7039393 TI - Moritz Kaposi, in memoriam. PMID- 7039392 TI - Moriz (Kohn) Kaposi. PMID- 7039394 TI - The literary epidermists. PMID- 7039395 TI - Is subcorneal pustular dermatosis of Sneddon and Wilkinson an entity sui generis? PMID- 7039396 TI - Subcorneal pustular dermatosis differs from subcorneal pustulosis. PMID- 7039397 TI - Is subcorneal pustular dermatosis of Sneddon and Wilkinson and entity sui generis? PMID- 7039398 TI - Subcorneal pustular dermatosis is not pustular psoriasis. PMID- 7039399 TI - On the relationship between subcorneal pustular dermatosis and pustular psoriasis. PMID- 7039400 TI - Terbutaline depot tablets in asthma. A clinical evaluation. AB - A sustained release preparation of terbutaline sulphate has been formulated (Bricanyl depot tablets) in order to extend the duration and accordingly change the dosage regimen to twice a day. This presentation gives a summary of a clinical trial performed in order to study effect and side effects of terbutaline depot tablets 7.5 mg twice a day compared to terbutaline tablets 5 mg three times a day. Patients suffering from perennial asthma and with daily requirement of asthma medicine were accepted for the study. The trial was a double-blind cross over, double dummy and randomized. The tablets were given in two consecutive periods of 7 day's duration each. The effect of terbutaline depot tablets was equal to the effect of the ordinary terbutaline tablets. The indication for using depot tablets in the basic treatment of bronchial asthma is a better patient compliance due to medication twice a day. Furthermore in patients with unstable bronchial asthma and in patients with morning dips in PEF the more stable plasma concentration may perhaps keep the patients in a more steady state. PMID- 7039401 TI - Double-blind crossover trial comparing systemic chromosome-carboxylic acid with placebo in patients with atopic dermatitis. AB - 35 adult patients with atopic dermatitis were included in a double-blind crossover trial comparing chromone-2-carboxylic acid, FPL 57787 18 mg x 4, with placebo. Each treatment period lasted for 6 weeks with clinical assessment every 3 weeks. 28 patients completed 3 weeks of each period. Significant differences at the 5% level in favour of FPL 57787 were seen in the group starting on placebo. 17 patients completed the study. After 6 weeks there were no significant differences. 10 patients experienced dyspeptic side-effects. Further studies are warranted on clearly allergic sub-groups of atopic dermatitis patients. PMID- 7039402 TI - Midazolam as an intravenous induction agent for general anaesthesia: a clinical trial. AB - The peripheral and central nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory effects of midazolam 0.15 mg/kg, administered intravenously, were studied in 57 patients. Midazolam induced anaesthesia satisfactorily in 78% of the patients, the remainder required either further doses of midazolam, or alternative induction agents. There was no pain on injection. No evidence of thrombophlebitis was apparent up to 72 hours after injection. Mean systolic arterial pressure decreased from 128 mm Hg to 114 mm Hg and mean diastolic pressure decreased from 75 mm Hg to 67 mm Hg (P less than 0.005) four minutes after injection. Mean Apnoea occurred in 14 patients, with a mean onset time of 82 sec and a mean duration of 30 sec. Patients showed a decrease in mean respiratory rate from 13.7 breaths/min to 12.8 breaths/min two minutes after injection of midazolam. A larger dose than used in this study would be necessary for satisfactory use of midazolam as an induction agent for general anaesthesia. PMID- 7039403 TI - The Yorkshire Connection--Priestley and Waterton. Ellis Gillespie Lecture 1981. PMID- 7039404 TI - Obituaries. H. Peter Penn. PMID- 7039405 TI - Protease-facilitated transfer of high-molecular-weight proteins during electrotransfer to nitrocellulose. PMID- 7039407 TI - Competitive enzyme immunoassay for human chorionic somatomammotropin using the avidin-biotin system. PMID- 7039406 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of histones. PMID- 7039408 TI - In vitro protein degradation measured by differential loss of labeled methionine and 3-methylhistidine: The effect of Insulin. PMID- 7039409 TI - Modified colorimetric ninhydrin methods for peptidase assay. PMID- 7039410 TI - Enzymatic assay of 5-methyl-L-tetrahydrofolate. PMID- 7039411 TI - Sensitive autoradiographic quantification of electrophoretically separated proteases. PMID- 7039412 TI - Rapid purification of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 7039413 TI - Reaction of peptide thiobenzyl esters with mammalian chymotrypsinlike enzymes: a sensitive assay method. PMID- 7039415 TI - Immunological and clinical study of patients after spermatic cord torsion. AB - We studied 25 patients with spermatic cord torsion occurring after puberty. The elapsed time between the onset of symptoms and observation varied from 6 months to 7 years. We evaluated the semen of these patients and found that the number of spermatozoa was lower in patients with an atrophic testis (13 patients) than in those with a normal testis or, in those with torsion treated by orchidectomy. Moreover, the number of spermatozoa was lower in patients who had torsion for more than 2 years before being checked (12 patients) than in patients who had a more recent torsion (13 patients). Agglutinating antibodies were present in 20% of the patients but, they are not correlated fertility or sterility. Immunofluorescent antibodies also were not correlated with the changes found by semen analysis. They are not present in patients with a normal testis at the time of observation. On the other hand, immobilizing antibodies were significantly correlated with sterility and, particularly with changes of motility. These data suggest that sterility after spermatic cord torsion is correlated with an autoimmune mechanism. It may occur particularly in those patients with atrophic testes and has a slow onset taking more than 2 years to evolve completely. PMID- 7039414 TI - Immunological and clinical consequences of vasectomy. AB - Blood samples from 109 vasectomized and 100 non-vasectomized fertile men were tested for antisperm antibodies using Tray Agglutination Test (TAT) and Sperm Immobilization Test (SIT), Cell Mediated Immunity to sperm using Leukocyte Migration Inhibition Test (LMIT). Incidence of antisperm antibodies in vasectomized group was 76.2% by TAT and 13.8% by SIT whereas in control group was 11% (p less than 0.001) and 3% (P less than 0.01) respectively. Titre of TAT antibodies increased with post vasectomy period even beyond 20 years post vasectomy. High Incidence of TAT titre of greater than 1:250 was observed in vasectomized men with post operative complications. No significant incidence of positive LMIT to sperm antigens was detected in vasectomized group as compared to control group. PMID- 7039416 TI - Oxygenation during high-frequency ventilation compared with conventional mechanical ventilation in two models of lung injury. AB - Oxygenation and mean lung volume were investigated during high frequency oscillation (HFO) and conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) in two models of lung disease and related to the lung mechanics of the lesions. Oleic acid (n = 10) or lung lavage (n = 12) pulmonary injury was induced in a series of rabbits. Each animal was alternately ventilated with HFO (15 Hz sinusoidal wave form) and CMV (flow generator I:E, 1:2; f, 30 breaths/min; VT, 10 to 15 ml/kg) at matched mean airway pressure. Pao2 was measured 5 minutes after onset of ventilation. In the lung lavage model Pao2 was significantly greater during HFO than CMV (Pao2 228 +/- 116 torr vs 71 +/- 42 torr) provided that mean airway pressure was greater than the distinct opening pressure characteristic of this lesion. In the oleic acid model oxygenation was again superior during HFO (Pao2 269 +/- 116 torr vs 110 +/- 83 torr), but only if HFO was preceded by a sustained inflation. Plethysmography in a subset of six rabbits from each group revealed that the improvements in oxygenation were associated with significantly higher mean lung volumes during HFO than CMV (58 +/- 30 ml vs 29 +/- 14 ml lung lavage model, 45 +/- 15 ml vs 30.9 +/- 13 ml on the oleic acid model). The importance of a sustained inflation in rapidly optimizing gas exchange during HFO but not CMV was demonstrated. A sustained inflation resulted in immediate and sustained increases in Pao2 (from 134 +/- 102 torr to 274 +/0 124 torr in the oleic acid model; from 115 +/- 105 torr to 291 +/- 143 torr in the lung lavage model) and mean lung volume (41.8 +/- 11 to 53.8 +/- 9.7 ml in the oleic acid model, 30.9 +/- 7.7 ml to 42.8 +/- 5 ml in the lung lavage model). It is suggested that in these two particular models of lung disease, HFO, when combined with a sustained inflation (to provide opening forces), can more fully exploit the pressure volume hysteresis of unstable lung units than CMV, thereby resulting in the larger mean lung volumes and better oxygenation observed during HFO. PMID- 7039417 TI - Anesthesia and hypothyroidism: a review of thyroxine physiology, pharmacology, and anesthetic implications. AB - Hypothyroidism produces major derangements of normal physiology. Depression of myocardial function, decreased hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory responses, abnormal baroreceptor function, and reductions in plasma volume may all be present. In addition, the presence of anemia, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, decreased free water excretion, and impaired hepatic drug metabolism may all adversely influence responses to anesthesia. Most reported complications have occurred in patients with unrecognized hypothyroidism. Preoperative recognition of hypothyroidism is essential for the safe anesthetic management of these patients. Elective surgical procedures should not be undertaken in the presence of untreated hypothyroidism. Thyroid supplements should be untreated hypothyroidism. Thyroid supplements should be given preoperatively to hypothyroid patients before emergency surgery. Intraoperative and postoperative hypothermia and electrolyte disturbances are relatively common and must be guarded against. PMID- 7039418 TI - Evaluation of an isoflurane vaporizer: the Cyprane Fortec. AB - The delivery performance of two Fortec vaporizers for isoflurane in oxygen (O2) was evaluated. Isoflurane concentration was measured at a constant O2 flow rate (from 0.75 to 15 L/min) as the vaporizer dial setting was changed over the range of 0% to 5%. At vaporizer dial settings of 2% or less the average delivered isoflurane concentration differed from dial settings by less than 0.25 vol% at all O2 flows. At dial settings of 3% or greater delivered concentrations were greater than dial settings at O2 flows less than 4 L/min and at O2 flow greater than 4 L/min delivered were less than dialed concentrations. Time-related reductions in delivered concentrations were most evident at dial settings of 3% or greater and O2 flow rates greater than 6 L/min. Increasing the environmental temperature to 30 degrees C or decreasing it to 15 degrees C increased or decreased, respectively, vaporized output when compared with conditions at 22 degrees C. Little or no effect on vaporizer output was noted with simulated positive pressure ventilation up to a breathing circuit pressure of 25 torr. We conclude the Fortec vaporizer is as efficient in delivering isoflurane in O2 as previous reports have shown the Fluotec Mark III to be in its delivery of halothane. PMID- 7039419 TI - Dantrolene in human malignant hyperthermia. AB - Anesthesiologists from 65 institutions participated in a multicenter study to assess the efficacy of lyophilized intravenous dantrolene sodium in treating anesthetically related malignant hyperthermia (MH). Of 21 patients treated with the drug, eight were judged to have unequivocal MH and were treated according to study protocol. Three were judged to have probable MH and were also treated according to study protocol. All 11 recovered without sequelae from MH and without adverse drug effects. A mean dantrolene dose of 2.5 mg/kg in these patients produced significant changes in clinical and biochemical parameters suggestive of decreased cellular metabolism. Four patients with unequivocal MH were treated with intravenous dantrolene more than 24 h after the diagnosis of MH; this delay in treatment of clinical signs in these patients, the mortality rate was 75 per cent, which is comparable to that reported without dantrolene. The six remaining patients had episodes of questionable MH during or subsequent to anesthesia and were treated with dantrolene. There was insufficient evidence to justify an unequivocal or probable diagnosis of MH, and they, therefore, were not included in the study. All survived and had no adverse drug reactions. Dantrolene therapy resulted in a statistically significantly lower mortality rate than would be expected in MH patients. The study supports animal data suggesting that dantrolene is specific in reversing MH. PMID- 7039420 TI - Continuous insulin infusion is preferred method for managing diabetics. PMID- 7039421 TI - [Use of a noninvasive method of assessing myocardial contractility with computers in the operating room]. PMID- 7039422 TI - [Transplantation of a 2d heart into the chest cavity in modelling acute heart failure of the recipient]. PMID- 7039423 TI - [Shunting of the heart by mechanical means in the treatment of acute heart failure in heart surgery patients]. PMID- 7039424 TI - [20 years of the Parasitological Society of East Germany]. PMID- 7039425 TI - [Serological demonstration of experimental round worm infections-Ascaris suum, Toxocara canis--in swine by means of the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test]. AB - By means of indirect immunofluorescent antibody reaction (IFAR), using serum of experimentally infected pigs, various antigens were studied with regard to their usefulness for serological verification of prepatent Ascaris suum and Toxocara canis infections. Eggs, egg larvae, larvae received from livers, lungs and brains of experimentally infected white mice and sections of adult T. canis as well as eggs, egg larvae, liver larvae and sections of frozen adult A. suum proved to be not suitable for the reliable serum diagnosis of the infections. On the other hand, A. suum larvae, isolated from lungs of white mice or guinea pigs days after experimental infection, represent an antigen applicable to IFAR for the evidence of prepatent A. suum infections in pigs. The antigen, stored at -20 degree C, is durable without substantial impairment of its reactivity at least 7 months. PMID- 7039426 TI - Hemodynamic and angiographic findings in a case of kinking of the aorta. AB - The authors report a case of aortic kinking associated with abnormalities of size of aortic arch vessels. The diagnostic aid of hemodynamic and angiographic techniques is emphasized. The possibility that aortic kinking and the abnormalities of aortic arch vessels may be etiologically related is suggested. PMID- 7039427 TI - Pharmacokinetics of a sustained release procainamide preparation. AB - In summary, procainamide is a useful agent for suppressing premature depolarization frequency. Its short half-life of elimination requires a dosing frequency of every 3 hours with regular dosage forms or every 6-8 hours with a sustained action dosage. Because of the extreme unpredictability of plasma concentration, the dosage must be titrated in each patient with electrocardiographic monitoring serving as the most useful method of evaluating efficacy. Maximum and minimum plasma concentrations are helpful in monitoring the achievement of therapeutic plasma levels and adjusting the frequency of dosing, especially in the presence of impaired renal function or low cardiac output. Adverse effects of procainamide include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, insomnia, visual hallucinations, and disorientation; these are minor and cease with discontinuation of the drug. Agranulocytosis has rarely been reported. Long term treatment has resulted in the occurrence of a lupus-like syndrome that is reversible when the drug is stopped. Procainamide is excreted in breast milk and infants of mothers receiving procainamide should not be nursed. PMID- 7039428 TI - Harvey Peck, 1937-1981. PMID- 7039429 TI - A cooling system for prostaglandin infusions. PMID- 7039431 TI - Somatic and capsular factors of coliforms which affect resistance to bovine serum bactericidal activity. AB - Killing of bacteria which cause acute coliform mastitis was studied in vitro, using serum without exogenous complement. Using 10% freshly collected whole serum, it was found that some strains were killed rapidly and could be classified as serum sensitive and others were killed less rapidly and could be classified as intermediate serum sensitive. With other strains, fewer were killed, and then the survivors multiplied; these could be classified as serum resistant. A 50 percentage kill of serum-resistant strains could not be achieved with serum (even in concentrations of greater than 90% serum), whereas 15 strains showed 50 percentage kill at appropriate serum concentrations. Resistance of Escherichia coli to serum bactericidal activity was greatest in strains with large amounts of heat-labile capsule present. The capsule could be demonstrated, using a test for somatic inagglutinability and a hemagglutination-inhibition test. Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to serum bactericidal activity was not related to somatic inagglutinability. In K pneumoniae, resistance to serum bactericidal activity was related to presence of somatic antigens on the resistant strain. PMID- 7039430 TI - Interaction of Pasteurella haemolytica with bovine neutrophils: identification and partial characterization of a cytotoxin. AB - Timed cultures of Pasteurella haemolytica 12296 strain in RPMI 1640 medium (with L-glutamine, pH 7.4) were used to determine the correlation between cytotoxin production and the age of the culture. Cytotoxic activity was measured by a 51Cr release assay and trypan blue exclusion test with bovine neutrophils as target cells. Results demonstrated that optimal cytotoxin production occurred during the logarithmic phase (peaked at 6 hours) and decreased during the stationary phase of bacterial growth. The cytotoxin was concentrated by sequential ultrafiltration on Diaflo XM 50, XM 100, and XM 300 membranes. The cytotoxin was retained on an XM 300 membrane. These studies indicated that the molecular weight of cytotoxic substance was 300,000 or more. The cytotoxin was heat labile, oxygen stable, and susceptible to extremes of pH and killed bovine neutrophils and mononuclear leukocytes. It was not hemolytic to bovine or ovine RBC. The cytotoxic activity was inactivated by trypsin and did not contain any detectable endotoxin. Bovine fetal serum and serum collected before immunization from neonatal calves did not neutralize the cytotoxic effects of toxin on neutrophils. However, adult bovine serum from 6 cows and an antiserum (against the cytotoxin) neutralized the cytotoxin, as revealed by both the 51Cr-release assay and the trypan blue exclusion test. This was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. These results indicated that the cytotoxin may be antigenic in cattle. The significance and implications of these findings to bovine pasteurellosis are discussed. PMID- 7039432 TI - In vitro phagocytosis and killing of coliforms by bovine mammary leukocytes. AB - Four coliform isolates derived from cows with bovine mastitis-1 serum-sensitive (SS) Klebsiella pneumoniae, 1 intermediate serum-sensitive (IS) K pneumoniae, 1 IS Escherichia coli, and 1 serum-resistant (SR) E coli-were studied in vitro to determine factors associated with their phagocytosis and killing by leukocytes of mammae. The SS coliform was most easily phagocytosed, whereas the SR coliform was the least phagocytosed, and IS coliforms were ingested at an intermediate rate. The SS coliform was more readily killed in freshly collected serum alone, than by leukocytes and freshly collected serum or heat-inactivated serum. The IS coliforms were killed more readily by leukocytes with freshly collected serum, than by freshly collected serum alone or leukocytes and heat-inactivated serum. The extent of the killing of SR strain was equal for leukocytes with either freshly collected serum or heat-inactivated serum. The differences in killing of various coliforms in serum alone were not as great in a system including serum and leukocytes. PMID- 7039434 TI - Assay of penetrability of bovine papillary duct implanted with Escherichia coli endotoxin. AB - A method has been developed to assay the relative penetrability to a solute of the papillary duct (streak canal) of the bovine teat. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (1.0 microgram in 2.5 microliter of sterile distilled water) was implanted at a depth of 3 mm from the distal end (papillary orifice) of the papillary duct. If penetration by the irritant occurred after any one of 5 successive daily implantations, the inflammatory response of the mammary gland was detected by a precipitous increase (by at least 15 mm) in the Wisconsin mastitis test score of quarter foremilk samples, and the test was scored as positive. Results of the penetrability assay were highly repeatable among quarters of certain cows. Cows differed as to the pattern of penetrability of their papillary ducts, with about half of 70 tested cows scoring 4 positive or 4 negative. PMID- 7039433 TI - Collection and cultivation in vitro of equine mammary macrophages. AB - Equine macrophages were obtained from female Shetland ponies by injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide through the lactiferous ducts of the mammary gland. After 6 to 11 days, balanced salt solution was injected into the mammary gland to wash out accumulated cells. Harvested cells contained a mixture of macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, with the majority of the cells of mononuclear type. In culture, cells adherent after 24 hours were characterized as macrophages by morphologic features, nonspecific esterase staining, and by the presence of complement and immunoglobulin receptors. These cultures were grown to a variety of culture media. A basal medium, consisting of 15% equine serum and 10% bovine fetal serum in conjunction with RPMI 1640 medium containing 20 mM HEPES buffer, was the most effective for maintaining spreading and adhesion of cells. Conditioned medium from mouse fibroblast cultures (L cells), added at 30% to the basal medium, improved cell monolayers by reducing giant cell formation and prolonging cell adhesion. PMID- 7039435 TI - Rifampicin-induced early phase hyperglycemia in humans. AB - Early phase hyperglycemia, associated with increased rates of insulin and C peptide secretion after oral administration of 100 g glucose, was observed among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were taking rifampicin. This early phase hyperglycemia appeared shortly after rifampicin was started and it disappeared completely a few days after rifampicin was discontinued. No difference in oral glucose tolerance was noted between healthy normal subjects and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were not taking any medications. Antituberculous drugs other than rifampicin did not induce early phase hyperglycemia. Because intravenous glucose tolerance was normal in patients treated with rifampicin, it is suggested that rifampicin produces an early phase hyperglycemia possibly by augmenting intestinal absorption of glucose. PMID- 7039436 TI - In memoriam: Walsh McDermott, M.D., 1909-1981. PMID- 7039437 TI - Asthma induced by cold air and its relation to nonspecific bronchial responsiveness to methacholine. AB - We compared bronchial responsiveness to isocapnic hyperventilation of cold dry air at -18 degrees C and 0% humidity with bronchial responsiveness to inhaled methacholine in 24 subjects with current or previous asthma and 2 nonasthmatics. Two inhalation tests with each agent were carried out in random order on 4 consecutive days. The response to cold air was expressed as the respiratory heat exchange required to reduce the FEV1 by 10% (PD10 RHE) and the response to methacholine as the provocation concentration required to reduce the FEV1 by 20% (PC20 methacholine). There was a close positive linear correlation between PD10 RHE and PC20 (r = 0.86, p less than 0.001). The responsiveness to each agent was highly reproducible. The PD10 RHE could be measured in all 21 subjects with current symptoms of asthma and it could be obtained by extrapolation in 2 normal subjects, but it could not be measured in 3 subjects with a past history of asthma. The PC20 in the current asthmatics was 6.3 mg/ml or less, in the 2 nonasthmatic subjects, it was 14 and 16 mg/ml, and in the previous asthmatics it was between 26 and 54 mg/ml. The results indicate that nonspecific bronchial responsiveness is an important factor influencing the bronchial response to cold air, that either cold air or methacholine are suitable stimuli to measure nonspecific bronchial responsiveness, and that the differences in bronchial responsiveness observed between asthmatics and nonasthmatic subjects are in keeping with a quantitative rather than a qualitative difference in responsiveness. PMID- 7039438 TI - Inhaled atropine sulfate: dose-response characteristics in adult patients with chronic airflow obstruction. AB - Dose-response characteristics of inhaled atropine sulfate were examined in ten patients with chronic airflow obstruction using spirometric and plethysmographic measurements. Inhaled atropine in doses of 0.005, 0.01, 0.25, and 0.05 mg2kg of body weight and placebo were delivered by means of a precision metering device. All pulmonary function tests (FEV1, V50, and SGaw) improved progressively with increasing dose. There was a high degree of linear correlation between the peak response of each test and the logarithm of dose (r greater than or equal to 0.98). The highest dose studied (0.05 mg/kg) was found to have marginal benefit over 0.025 mg/kg, and had the highest incidence of adverse reactions. Duration of effect was dependent on dose. These results suggest that for adult patients with chronic airflow obstruction, 0.025 mg/kg delivered by a dosimeter approximates the optimally effective dose of inhaled atropine sulfate that can be given without unacceptable side effects. PMID- 7039439 TI - Alveolar macrophage kinetics and function after interruption of canine marrow function. AB - To study the kinetics and function of alveolar macrophages after interruption of marrow function, we performed serial bronchoalveolar lavages in dogs. The studies were performed before and after 9.0 to 9.5 Grey total body irradiation and marrow infusion. Monocytes had disappeared from the bloodstream by Day 7 after the irradiation. Alveolar macrophages were significantly decreased at Day 21. At Days 14 and 21 myeloperoxidase-positive alveolar macrophages were also significantly decreased. Beyond Day 30 the number of circulating monocytes, myeloperoxidase positive and total alveolar macrophages had returned. Sex chromatin stains of alveolar macrophages obtained from a male dog that received female marrow indicated that the repopulating macrophages were of marrow origin. In vitro studies of alveolar macrophage migration and phagocytosis demonstrated increased activities beyond Day 30. These studies suggest that in this model the alveolar macrophage is dependent on the bone marrow for support and that the alveolar macrophage depletion may impair lung defense mechanisms. PMID- 7039440 TI - Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) does not depress left ventricular function in patients with pulmonary edema. PMID- 7039441 TI - Immunologic response to liver cell allografts. AB - Hepatocyte transplantation is one modality that has been suggested for providing temporary hepatic support during periods of liver regeneration following acute hepatic failure. Although liver cells have been successfully transplanted in the rat, transplantation in a larger model is necessary before these techniques can be applied clinically. This study attempts to define the immunologic response of the canine recipients to intrasplenic hepatocyte allografts. Our results indicate that canine hepatocytes are highly immunogenic, initiating a host response which destroyed the allograft within one week post-transplantation (survival range 1-6 days, mean +/- SD = 3.33 +/- 1.86 days). Administration of azathioprine post transplantation significantly (P less than 0.01) extended the survival of the hepatocyte allografts (survival range 3-9 days, mean +/- SD = 5.66 +/- 2.16 days. However, long-term survival was not seen using this type of minimal immunosuppression. Histologic observation also confirmed these findings. Based on these results, therefore, caution is recommended prior to the application of hepatocyte transplantation to the clinical setting. PMID- 7039442 TI - Fatal strongyloidiasis after renal transplantation: a complication of immunosuppression. PMID- 7039443 TI - Predicting survival in adults with end-stage renal disease: an age equivalence index. AB - To quantify prognosis in patients with end-stage renal disease, we evaluated pretreatment clinical state and ascertained the outcome of all 220 patients who began therapy at two hospitals from 1970 to 1975. Each of three pretreatment characteristics made a statistically significant independent contribution to the relative risk of death: age (relative risk for 10-year increments = 2.2, p less than 0.001); duration of diabetes (relative risk for 10-year increments = 2.2, p less than 0.001); and left-sided heart failure (relative risk = 2.0, p less than 0.001). We combined the effects of these factors in an age-equivalence index that showed a strong gradient in survival rates from lower to higher values; the 5 year survival rate differed between 92% in patients with a score of 30 or less and 6% in patients with a score over 70. This index, which is simple to use, should prove helpful in patient care and can improve the scientific validity of therapeutic comparisons in patients with end-stage renal disease by identifying and adjusting for the selection biases that occur in the allocation of different treatments. PMID- 7039444 TI - Host defense and antimicrobial therapy in adult gram-negative bacillary meningitis. AB - Effective therapy for aerobic gram-negative bacillary meningitis is limited by antibiotic resistance among many pathogens and by poor diffusion of some antibiotics into the subarachnoid space. The host response to suppurative meningitis caused by all encapsulated bacteria is impaired by a deficiency of complement and opsonic activity in infected spinal fluid; consequently, therapy with bactericidal antibiotics is preferred. Chloramphenicol diffuses well into cerebrospinal fluid, but is bacteristatic against enteric gram-negative bacilli. Although aminoglycosides are bactericidal, their use requires daily intralumbar or intraventricular injections. Newer cephalosporin compounds, moxalactam and cefotaxime, are bactericidal at very low concentrations and diffuse well from serum to infected spinal fluid. Clinical trials with moxalactam suggest that it is the most effective regimen for enteric gram-negative bacillary meningitis in adults; Pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter meningitis are most susceptible to a combination of intravenous ticarcillin and aminoglycoside, plus intrathecal aminoglycoside. PMID- 7039445 TI - Colestipol and probucol: treatment of primary and familial hypercholesterolemia and amelioration of atherosclerosis. AB - Colestipol is a safe, effective, cholesterol-lowering, bile-acid sequestrant that lowers low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) and total plasma cholesterol levels without consistently affecting high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Long term colestipol therapy in conjunction with diet may reduce xanthoma size, arrest progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis, and may reduce mortality from coronary heart disease. Probucol, a bisphenol cholesterol-lowering drug, is an effective cholesterol-lowering agent that reduces levels of HDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and apoprotein A-1, the major apolipoprotein of HDL. Because HDL cholesterol is independently and inversely associated with development of coronary heart disease, the ramifications of simultaneous lowering of LDL and HDL cholesterol levels by probucol treatment need further study. Long-term, placebo controlled studies of repetitive coronary arteriography, coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality, or both are needed to ascertain the efficacy of long term probucol use in relation to development of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7039446 TI - Anxiety reduction by self-regulation: theory, practice, and evaluation. AB - Self-regulatory therapies such as relaxation, biofeedback, and meditation have attracted increasing interest as primary or adjunctive treatments for anxiety. In addition to a clinical perspective, this review provides the medical practitioner with the underlying theory and methodologic issues involved in assessing the efficacy of self-regulation. PMID- 7039448 TI - Penicillin-binding proteins in bacteria. AB - The last 5 to 6 years have witnessed an outburst of renewed interest in the beta lactam antibiotics. One of the main factors contributing to this was the introduction of the simple and powerful technique of sodium dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis for the identification of bacterial membrane components- penicillin binding proteins--that bind radioactive penicillin and most likely represent the primary biochemical targets of penicillin action in the bacterial cell. Application of this technique has led to a remarkable number of novel observations that have substantially modified our view of the mode of action of beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 7039447 TI - Androgens and sexual behavior. AB - Sexual behavior in humans may be classified according to gender role, gender identity, and gender orientation. Sexually dimorphic behavior in humans is generally felt to be determined by postnatal socialization. Recent work in laboratory animals shows that sexual behavior is a function of circulating steroid hormones, particularly androgens. Testosterone given during a critical period in prenatal or immediate postnatal life causes permanent organizational effects on brain structure and function in laboratory animals. Studies in human patients with testicular feminization, 5-alpha-reductase deficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, or prenatal steroid hormone exposure, provide clinical examples of possible effects of prenatal hormone action in the brain as opposed to postnatal socialization. However, these studies do not permit a clear assessment of the role played by either prenatal steroid hormones or postnatal socialization factors in the ultimate expression of sexual behavior in humans. PMID- 7039449 TI - [Methods of reconstruction after total gastrectomy]. PMID- 7039450 TI - [Clinical study of the ipsilateral termino-lateral uretero-ureterostomy operation in patients with complete pyelo-ureteral duplication]. PMID- 7039451 TI - [Modern aspects of the surgical reconstruction of the supra-aortic trunks]. PMID- 7039452 TI - [Familial Mediterranean fever]. PMID- 7039453 TI - [Colchicine treatment of renal amylosis in familial paroxysmal polyserositis (author's transl)]. AB - Mortality in familial paroxysmal polyserositis results mainly from renal amylosis, the outcome, until recently, being always fatal. Continuous colchicine administration prevents acute relapses, but certain recent observations have demonstrated that this treatment may be able to prevent the onset of amyloid disease. It could even provoke its regression, at least if administration is during the early stages before the development of renal insufficiency. The mechanism of this preventive action against amyloid disease occurrence is discussed as a function of current knowledge of amyloidogenesis. PMID- 7039454 TI - [Familial paroxysmal polyserositis: modern therapeutic possibilities (author's transl)]. AB - Prognosis of familial paroxysmal polyserositis is primarily related to the presence of renal insufficiency due to the amyloidosis. Current treatment of terminal renal failure--haemodialysis and renal transplantation--has increased survival in these patients, but prognosis remains relatively poor because of the extrarenal, mainly cardiac deposits which have had time to develop. Preventive treatment is therefore all that can be hoped for, and initial results of the use of colchicine in this amyloid affection, by Israelian authors, appear encouraging. PMID- 7039455 TI - [Kidney allograft in familial Mediterranean fever a case report and review of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic renal insufficiency in an Algerian patient with familial mediterranean fever and amyloidosis was treated by kidney transplantation. Diagnosis of the affection was confirmed by the onset of typical acute episodes during haemodialysis, and a bone marrow biopsy established the presence of amyloidosis. The transplant was unsuccessful at an early stage with infective complications. The incidence of similar complications and deaths (11 cases) was particularly high in the 23 previously reported patients in whom transplants had been performed, and no definite relationship was able to be established between the course of the disease and treatment by haemodialysis or transplantation. The functional prognosis of the transplant was apparently not adversely affected by the recurrence of amyloidosis in 3 cases. PMID- 7039456 TI - [Recurrence of amyloidosis on the kidney transplant despite colchicine therapy in a patient with familial Mediterranean fever (author's transl)]. PMID- 7039457 TI - [The specificity of the lupus band test. Personal findings and literature data (author's transl)]. AB - The lupus band test is usually considered as a valuable aid for the diagnosis of lupus erythematous. Involved skin shows positive results in about 900 p. 100 of cases of discoid LE and systemic LE. However, the specificity of this test has been challenged by reports of positive immunofluorescent findings in other cutaneous diseases, like rosacea, in non-cutaneous diseases, and in healthy individuals. Discrepant data from the literature prompted us to report our own experience : direct immunofluorescent examination of skin biopsies was performed in 550 patients from a dermatologic department. Concerning diseased skin, a dermal-epidermal band was observed only in 18 cases of lupus erythematosus, in 4 cases of lepromatous leprosy, in one case of vasculitis, one case of prurigo, and one case of dermatomyositis. Concerning healthy skin, a band was seen only in 8 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus. These results confirm other reports establishing the specificity of the lupus band test. PMID- 7039458 TI - [Acute neutropenia in adult severe bacterial infections. Six cases (author's transl)]. AB - A transient neutropenia (duration : less than 48 hours) occurred in 6 patients with severe bacterial infections. The bone marrow myeloid cellularity was high or normal; a maturation arrest of the myeloid cells - at a variable stage - was present in each case, as well as circulating granulocyte precursors. Other causes of neutropenia were excluded. A general survey of the literature is made and the mechanisms of this bacterial neutropenia are considered : bone marrow failure seems mostly improbable ; the few previously reported cases, the experimental bacterial neutropenias, the peculiar, transient, evolution we observed, all favor a peripheral mechanism ; the bacterial infection seems to act by; two ways : in septicemia (especially during septic shock) by enhancing leucocyte margination along vascular walls ; in large septic foci (mostly pulmonary) by an important destruction of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Such bacterial infections share a bad prognosis but the neutropenia itself needs no specific treatment. PMID- 7039459 TI - [Antidepressant monotherapy: efficacy and tolerability of mianserin (Athymil)]. PMID- 7039460 TI - [Capgras syndrome. Clinical aspects and organic problems: a re-evaluation]. AB - Capgras Syndrome or Illusion of the Doubles is studied from a personal case. Its clinical and organic cerebral aspects are emphasized. We think that the occurrence of Capgras Syndrome should incite the clinician to look for a cerebral lesion, even in a definite psychopathological situation. PMID- 7039461 TI - [Treatment of hypertension in pregnancy: results of a multicenter study in Lombardy]. PMID- 7039462 TI - [The roll-over test in pregnancy: physiopathologic and clinical aspects]. PMID- 7039463 TI - [Classification of histiocytic diseases]. PMID- 7039464 TI - Principles and clinical application of micronerve surgery and nerve transplantation in the maxillofacial area. AB - Modern microsurgery techniques using perineural interfascicular-nerve suturing permit successful nerve reconstruction in tumor defects and injuries of the maxillo-facial area. Since 1972 we have concentrated on nerve grafts and reconstructed the facial, accessory, hypoglossal, lingual, and mandibular nerves. In all cases, exclusively autologous nerve grafts were used; as donor nerves we found the great auricular and sural nerves especially suitable. Along with typical examples of the different nerve defects in the maxillofacial surgery, our technique in these special nerve transplantation procedures is described. PMID- 7039465 TI - Bony reconstruction in the orbital region. AB - The author discusses the various problems that can arise in the static or dynamic state in the eyeball, the eyelids, and the lacrymal canals--due to alterations of the bony orbit. Reconstruction techniques in the orbitomaxillomalar, orbitonasal, and frontoorbital regions are dealt with separately, with emphasis on the need for a global and primary solution to all the alterations. Particular attention is payed to some cases of fibrous dysplasia in the frontoorbital region that were treated with reimplantation of the same dysplasic bone after it was remodeled. This is a personal technique that is suggested as an alternative treatment for this kind of lesion. PMID- 7039466 TI - Paul Pickering. PMID- 7039467 TI - A modification to the technique of lesser-curve myotomy. AB - A simple, quick modification to the technique of lesser-curve myotomy is described and its advantages discussed. PMID- 7039468 TI - The history and evolution of surgical instruments. II Origins: function: carriage: manufacture. PMID- 7039469 TI - Peace and strife in Hunter's time (part II). PMID- 7039470 TI - Systemic arteriovenous fistulae causing symptoms in infancy. PMID- 7039471 TI - Stress and immune function: a bibliographic review. AB - Environmental stressors are involved in the etiology of important livestock diseases, including transmissible gastroenteritis in young pigs, Newcastle's and Marek's disease in chickens and shipping fever in cattle. Unfortunately, very little research has been conducted to learn how stress alters host resistance, although it is generally assumed that the immune system of the host is affected. This paper identifies eight stressors that typically occur in modern livestock production units: heat, cold, crowding, mixing, weaning, limit-feeding, noise and restraint. All of these stressors have been shown to alter the immune system of animals. These changes in immune function may ultimately explain the physiological basis of disease-environment interactions. A thorough understanding of stress-induced changes in host resistance will also provide the scientific basis for effective prophylactic therapy. More controlled experiments are needed to learn how stress alters the susceptibility of animals to infectious and noninfectious diseases. PMID- 7039472 TI - [Portal disconnection of the esophagus for the control of bleeding esophageal varices in patients suffering from cirrhosis. Discussion of thirty-eight cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7039474 TI - [Of some controversial questions concerning the treatment of chest angina (author's transl)]. PMID- 7039475 TI - [Current aspects of mitral valvular prolapsus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7039473 TI - [Calcium inhibitors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7039477 TI - Studies in the investigation of intestinal function. Experiences from the past and recommendations for the future. PMID- 7039476 TI - [New cardiotonics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7039478 TI - Serum alcohol dehydrogenase activity in liver diseases. AB - The normal level of human serum alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) (ADH) activity which is not measurable by conventional methods was found to be within the range 0.07-0.56 U/1 when measured by a sensitive method based on a coenzyme recycling reaction. In different liver diseases the normal upper limit of serum ADH activity was found to be exceeded up to 70 times. Although ADH activity under pathological conditions usually parallels that of other enzymes, e.g., sorbitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.14) (SDH) and alanine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2) (ALT), its relative elevation above the upper normal limit is generally greater, particularly in the early stages of viral hepatitis. Observations on some patients also suggested that very early stages of liver damage, caused by drugs or secondary malignancy, could be detected by increases of serum ADH activity when the activities of some other liver specific enzymes were still within their normal values. A pilot experiment on rats, intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride, showed that serum ADH activity could reflect acute liver parenchymal damage more sensitively than SDH and ALT activity. PMID- 7039480 TI - Histocompatibility antigens immunogenetics and role of matching in clinical renal transplantation. PMID- 7039479 TI - Immunobiology of transplant rejection. PMID- 7039481 TI - Blood transfusion in renal transplantation. PMID- 7039482 TI - Kidney transplantation in the treatment of terminal uremia. PMID- 7039483 TI - Monitoring of organ allograft rejection by transplant aspiration cytology. PMID- 7039484 TI - Present of future of cardiac transplantation. PMID- 7039485 TI - Liver transplantation. PMID- 7039486 TI - Pancreatic transplantation for diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7039489 TI - Temporary skin transplantation for the treatment of extensive burns. AB - Survival of the extensively burned patient depends upon rapid excision of necrotic tissue, and skin grafting to obtain wound closure. When a sufficient supply of autogenous skin is not available to provide wound coverage, allograft skin has been successfully substituted. Although burn patients have been noted to be immunologically hyporesponsive, their immune response to skin allografts has necessitated the administration of immunosuppressive therapy, to assure the retention of the allografts until sufficient autogenous skin can be utilized. The temporary transplantation of skin allografts has proved successful in the treatment of extensively burned children. PMID- 7039490 TI - Enzyme labeled immunosorbant assay (ELISA) for detection of platelet antibodies. AB - Although it is widely accepted that patients with immune thrombocytopenia produce platelet antibodies, the demonstration of such antibodies has been difficult and time consuming. A simple and quick enzyme linked immunoassay for platelet antibodies is presented. The platelet associated IgG is coupled with alkaline phosphatase labeled anti-IgG. The resultant complex is determined spectrophotometrically using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. With this technique, excess of IgG on platelets was detected in 24 out of 33 patients (72 percent) with immune thrombocytopenic purpura and four out of four thrombocytopenic patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The results of this assay correlate quantitatively with Dixon er al3 complement lysis inhibition assay (r = 0.82). PMID- 7039487 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for correction of severe aplastic anemia and primary immunodeficiency. PMID- 7039491 TI - HLA antigens in four Pacific populations with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - HLA antigen distributions in persons with normal and abnormal glucose tolerance were compared in four Pacific populations. The populations included Melanesians from the Fijian Islands, Loyalty Islands and mainland New Caledonia and Polynesians from the Wallis Islands. HLA-DR results are provided for the first time for Pacific groups. In Polynesians, HLA-B22 was increased in frequency in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and also in persons with impaired glucose tolerance. However, the association was not statistically significant when corrected for the number of antigens tested. A similar increase in HLA-B22, although not significant, was seen in each of the three Melanesian populations with abnormal glucose tolerance. No other consistent increase in any HLA antigen occurred in persons with abnormal plasma glucose concentrations. PMID- 7039488 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in leukemia. AB - Over the past ten years several centers have studied bone marrow transplantation following high-dose chemotherapy and radiation in patients with resistant acute leukemia. These data indicate a 10-20% two-year disease-free survival; results superior to alternative approaches. Leukemic relapse and graft-versus-host disease have been major problems. Recently, marrow transplantation has been evaluated in patients with leukemia in remission. This has resulted in improved survival in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia but leukemic relapse remains a major problem. Acute myelogenous leukemia patients transplanted in remission have a low rate of leukemic relapse and two-year disease-free survival rates exceeding 50%. Recently, autologous bone marrow transplantation has also been considered in patients with acute leukemia. Results to date have been disappointing with a high relapse rate. Limited studies in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia have also been reported. Transplantation during the acute phase is usually unsuccessful and is complicated by incomplete engraftment and resistant leukemia. Transplants performed during the chronic phase have produced more encouraging results. In summary: there is an evolving role for bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of patients with acute and chronic leukemia. A final evaluation of the utility approach awaits results of controlled clinical trials. PMID- 7039492 TI - Sister chromatid exchange formation. PMID- 7039493 TI - Genetics of HLA disease association. PMID- 7039494 TI - Gene transfer in amphibian eggs and oocytes. PMID- 7039495 TI - Reflections on phage genetics. PMID- 7039496 TI - Phenomenology and genetic control of mitotic recombination in yeast. PMID- 7039497 TI - Genetic analysis of the major outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7039498 TI - [Circular dichroism study of amphotericin B interaction with the sterols of Candida albicans strains sensitive and resistant to polyene antibiotics]. AB - The method of circular dichroism (CD) was used to study interaction of amphotericin B with liposomes of egg lecithin containing sterols isolated from sensitive and resistant strains of Candida albicans. Analysis of the CD spectra showed that the antibiotic spectral parameters in the dispersion of liposomes modified with sterols underlie definite changes. In case of sterol isolated from the sensitive culture they were evident from an increase in the relative intensity of the negative extremes at 415, 390 and 370 nm. The contours of the CD spectrum in the region of 350 nm significantly changed proportionally to the antibiotic concentration and during incubation. The CD spectra of amphotericin B in the dispersions of the lecithin liposomes containing sterols isolated from the resistant strain of C. albicans were characterized by an increase in the relative intensity of the negative extremes at 415, 390 and 370 nm. These changes also took place during incubation. Still, the frequency character of the spectrum did not practically change. Only the intensity in the spectral region tested somewhat changed proportionally within an hour. The results indicate that the character of antibiotic interaction with liposomes containing sterols of the sensitive and resistant cultures significantly differs. This means that the changes in the membrane sterol composition (ergosterol and delta 7.22-ergostadien-3 beta-ol were the main sterols of the sensitive and resistant cultures respectively) have a marked effect on the character of the antibiotic interaction with them. PMID- 7039499 TI - Characterization and clinical evaluation of live influenza A vaccine prepared from a recombinant of the A/USSR/92/77 (H1N1) and the cold-adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) strains. AB - Live influenza vaccine was prepared after genetic recombination of the A/USSR/92/77 (H1N1) strain with the cold-adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) strain. The recombinant contains the genes coding for the HA and NA proteins from the A/USSR/92/77 (H1N1) strain and the genes coding for the P1, P2, P3, NP, M and NS proteins from the A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) strain. To assess the properties of this vaccine, it was administered under double-blind conditions to 14 healthy volunteers, while another 14 healthy volunteers received placebo. The vaccine virus appeared to be sufficiently attenuated. No febrile reactions were observed. The vaccinees showed an increase in mean serum haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody level from 19 to 73 after two vaccinations. From nasal swabs and antibody responses, it was concluded that the vaccine virus showed no transmission to the placebo group under conditions of close contact. Also, the vaccine virus was found to be genetically stable. It is concluded that this live influenza virus vaccine meets the requirements for safe use in humans. However, several problems still exist which may impede a general use of life influenza vaccines. PMID- 7039500 TI - A rapid method for the detection of tryptophanase in anaerobic bacteria. AB - A total of 633 anaerobic bacteria were examined for tryptophanase production using a rapid method which distinguishes within 5 to 180 minutes between anaerobes that contain tryptophanase and those that do not. Of the 196 tryptophanase-positive isolates tested, 99% showed tryptophanase activity within 2 hours as compared with 94.4% in 24 hours by a conventional method. A total of 299 tryptophanase-negative organisms were tested. Ninety three percent of these remained negative after 24 hours as compared with 95.3% when tested within a 24-h conventional method. Additional information was obtained on the sensitivity of this test and the time-dependent production of indole by tryptophanase. PMID- 7039501 TI - Proteus-typing by proticin production and susceptibility. AB - A Proteus-typing method based on proticin production and proticin susceptibility (c.f. Senior, 1977) has been modified to increase its sensitivity Proticins were prepared in fluid medium and applied to agar-plates shortly before seeding the plates with indicator bacteria. A given 10 proticin producer strains, which are responsible for the susceptibility patterns of the indicator-bacteria (S-types), form the foundation for this typing method. Using this producer-set and indicator set (28 strains) was selected which was suitable for the typing of strains with different proticin activities (P-types). Standardization of the temperature for proticin production proved to be necessary. The degree of similarity between proticins was further elaborated by testing all indicator strains for susceptibility to proticin titrations. In the group of 148 clinical Proteus isolates (four species) used for the development of the typing system 28 S-types and 34 P-types were observed. By combining the S-and P-type parameters 86 S-P types were obtained for the 4 species combined. Seven strains were not typable. A separate group of 100 clinical Proteus-isolates was tested in order to prove the usefulness of the method. 39 new S-P types were found. Repeated isolations from the same patients yield the same patterns. Proteus S-P-typing is a useful method for the typing of Proteus vulgaris and Proteus mirabilis, but proves inadequate for the typing of Proteus rettgeri and Proteus morganii. PMID- 7039502 TI - Survival of microorganisms after drying and storage. AB - Bacteria, yeasts and fungi suspended in a dextran solution were added to ampoules containing strips of filter paper which were dried without vacuum conditions. The ampoules were sealed and stored in the dark at room temperature. Viability counts were made of the original suspension immediately after drying and after storage periods of 3-48 months. Although bacterial cultures of many general did not show much resistance against dry conditions, bacteria of 13 other general had survived well or moderately after 4 years of storage. Most of the dried yeast cultures had survived after this period. Of the 16 fungal genera tested, species of 6 genera exhibited growth after 4 years. Results of this study were compared with those of two other preservation methods by which the same microorganisms were used. PMID- 7039503 TI - The control of ingestive behaviour by internal and external stimuli--a theoretical review. PMID- 7039504 TI - Religion, medicine, politics and spices. PMID- 7039505 TI - Current status of the hepatostatic theory of food intake control. PMID- 7039506 TI - Salivation and insulin secretion in response to food in non-obese men and women. PMID- 7039507 TI - A comparison of leisure skills training procedures for the mentally retarded. PMID- 7039508 TI - Production and evaluation of antibody to the heat-stable enterotoxin from a human strain of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. AB - Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin was coupled to bovine serum albumin by a carbodiimide reagent. Antibody to the conjugate was produced by immunization of rabbits. Data from radioimmunoassay and infant mouse tests indicate the presence of antibody to the enterotoxin. The antisera can be used in a radioimmunoassay to measure enterotoxin in various fluids. PMID- 7039509 TI - Mutagenicity testing of some commonly used dyes. AB - Seventeen commonly used dyes and 16 of their metabolites or derivatives were tested in the Salmonella-mammalian microsome mutagenicity test. Mutagens active with and without added Aroclor-induced rat liver microsome preparations (S9) were 3-aminopyrene, lithol red, methylene blue (USP), methyl yellow, neutral red, and phenol red. Those mutagenic only with S9 activation were 4-aminopyrazolone, 2,4 dimethylaniline, N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, methyl red, and 4-phenyl-azo-1 naphthylamine. Orange II was mutagenic only without added S9. Nonmutagenic azo dyes were allura red, amaranth, ponceau R, ponceau SX, sunset yellow, and tartrazine. Miscellaneous dyes not mutagenic were methyl green, methyl violet 2B, and nigrosin. Metabolites of the azo dyes that were not mutagenic were 1-amino-2 naphthol hydrochloride, aniline, anthranilic acid, cresidine salt, pyrazolone T,R amino salt (1-amino-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic disodium salt), R-salt, Schaeffer's salt (2-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid, sodium salt), sodium naphthionate, sulfanilamide, and sulfanilic acid. 4-Amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt was also not mutagenic. Fusobacterium sp. 2 could reductively cleave methyl yellow to N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine which was then activated to a mutagen. PMID- 7039510 TI - Effect of plating medium on heat activation requirement of Clostridium botulinum spores. AB - Clostridium botulinum 62A and ATCC 25763 spores required heat activation for maximum colony formation when plated on reinforced clostridial agar (BBL Microbiology Systems) but not when plated on botulinum assay medium. Spores from strains B-aphis and 53B did not exhibit heat activation when plated on either medium. PMID- 7039511 TI - Pityriasis rosea-like rash from captopril. AB - Captopril, an orally active dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase inhibitor, is a promising new antihypertensive agent. Cutaneous reactions, including (rarely) a pityriasis rosea-like eruption, are frequently associated with this therapy. Two new cases of a pityriasis rosea-like captopril-induced eruption support a pharmacologic mechanism for the eruption, since it resolved after the dosage of captopril was lowered in one patient and continued when the dosage of captopril remained unchanged in the other patient. However, the eruption later responded to therapy while use of the drug was continued. Captopril should be included among those drugs associated with a pityriasis rosea-like eruption. PMID- 7039512 TI - The physical urticarias. An update and review. AB - The physical urticarias represent a unique subgroup of chronic urticarias. Investigators from the dermatology, allergy, immunology, pharmacology, and other fields are challenged by these experimentally reproducible forms of urticaria. Clinicians are excited by these diagnosable entities among the sometimes frustrating chronic urticarias. This review is an attempt to update the reader, in a categoric manner, on the physical urticarias. The following format will be used to review each of the physical urticarias--clinical features, diagnostic tests, pathomechanism, course, and therapy. PMID- 7039513 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen in benign sweat gland tumors. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen was demonstrated in sweat gland adenomas by immunostaining using standard immunoperoxidase techniques. Carcinoembryonic antigen could not be found in adnexal tumors derived from the pilar and sebaceous apparatus. The demonstration of this specific antigen in certain sweat gland tumors may be helpful in the recognition and classification of these kinds of lesions. PMID- 7039514 TI - Identification of T cell in parapsoriasis infiltrates. Use of an anti-human T cell serum and the immunoperoxidase technique. AB - "Parapsoriasis" is a term used to include a heterogeneous group of conditions, one variant of which, at least, eventuates in mycosis fungoides in a substantial percentage of cases. The T-cell origin of mycosis fungoides is well established. The lack of similar information on lymphoid cell types in parapsoriasis prompted an immunoperoxidase study using a specific antihuman T-cell serum in a group of seven patients with parapsoriasis. Our findings demonstrated a preponderantly T cell infiltrate in the categories of parapsoriasis examined. PMID- 7039515 TI - Mucormycosis and cutaneous histoplasmosis in a renal transplant recipient. AB - Mucormycosis of the palate developed in a 31-year-old man while he was undergoing immunosuppression with prednisone and azathioprine after renal transplantation. The infection was excised and did not recur. Ten years later, while still receiving immunosuppressive therapy, cutaneous histoplasmosis of the fingers developed, which was treated successfully with intravenous amphotericin B. The occurrence of mucormycosis and histoplasmosis in this man emphasizes the need to suspect uncommon infections when unusual skin lesions occur in an immunosuppressed patient. PMID- 7039516 TI - Screening for cystic fibrosis by died blood spot trypsin assay. AB - Immunoreactive trypsin was measured in dried blood specimens from 14,000 infants. A second test was performed in 0 . 2% of the population in whom blood trypsin levels were greater than 80 ng/ml. Five infants with cystic fibrosis were then detected, with only one case of persistent hypertrypsinaemia in whom this diagnosis could not be established. No false-negative test results have yet been identified. Seventeen infants with cystic fibrosis were tested inthe first 2 weeks of life, only one of whom had a blood trypsin concentration less than 80 ng/ml. PMID- 7039517 TI - Effect of feeding on infants' faecal flora. AB - In newborn English Infants, the predominant faecal bacteria were coliforms and bacteroides, as shown by Gram film, culture, and gas-liquid chromatography, whether they were bottle fed or exclusively breast fed. This contrasted with bifidobacterial predominance in faeces from breast-fed Nigerian infants. Presumably environmental factors other than exclusive breast feeding are also important for establishing the flora. No differences were detected between the flora of infants of atopic and non-atopic controls. PMID- 7039519 TI - Refeeding after acute gastroenteritis: a controlled study. AB - Children admitted with acute gastroenteritis were managed with clear fluids and then given either the standard graduated feeding regimen or an abrupt reintroduction of normal feeds. The rapid refeeding group lost less weight, went home sooner, and had no increase in complication rate. Rapid refeeding is a reasonable option in the management of acute gastroenteritis. PMID- 7039518 TI - Gallbladder distension in septic neonates. AB - Eight cases of neonatal gallbladder distension are described. Group B streptococcal sepsis (5 infants) of suspected sepsis (3 infants) was present and probably played an aetiological role in the development of a distended gallbladder. Two infants required surgery because of persistent gallbladder enlargement and rising levels of bilirubin. Five responded to vigorous medical management and one died from sepsis and pneumonia. The need for conservative early management is stressed. PMID- 7039520 TI - Desmopressin in nocturnal enuresis. AB - The response of desamino-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) was investigated in 32 enuretic children in a double-blind clinical study. The 15 children treated with DDAVP showed a significant reduction in the incidence of bed wetting--from 18.7 +/- 6.5 to 6.5 +/- 9.2 wet nights per 30 days. In 6 children bed wetting stopped entirely, in 6 there was a satisfactory response, and in 3 the response was marginal or there was none. When DDAVP was stopped most children reverted to their earlier bedwetting habits (15.7 +/- 8.9 nights a month). Response to DDAVP was significantly better in children aged more than 10 years (mean age for the entire group). The administration of DDAVP was not associated with any appreciable change in morning urine osmolalities. No adverse effects were noted. It is concluded that DDAVP is effective in nocturnal enuresis, particularly in older children. It is suggested that the cessation of bed wetting may, in part, reflect functional properties of DDAVP rather than antidiuresis. PMID- 7039521 TI - A sequential study of the relationship between faecal Klebsiella aerogenes and the common clinical manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis. AB - An 8-month sequential study at 4-weekly intervals of faecal Klebsiella aerogenes and clinical activity of ankylosing spondylitis is described. Similar frequencies of faecal K. aerogenes were found in the 44 patients and 36 healthy controls studied. Eighteen patients on 19 occasions had K. aerogenes cultured from their faeces, when the preceding specimen had been negative. Six (31.6%) of these occasions were associated with a deterioration in clinical state compared with a similar deterioration associated with only 17 (9.8%) of the remaining 174 faecal culture sequences (p less than 0.02). These results suggest that clinical deterioration in ankylosing spondylitis may be associated with the acquisition of faecal K. aerogenes. PMID- 7039522 TI - Circulating immune complexes in cutaneous and systemic vasculitis: clinicopathological correlations. AB - A high incidence of raised levels of circulating immune complexes has found in a group of patients with idiopathic vasculitis. Serial measurements in 8 patients with systemic vasculitis showed a good correlation between clinical status and circulating immune complex levels. Some correlation existed between the constituents of circulating and tissue-bound complexes in 6 patients so studied. However, there was no correlation between apparent organ involvement and hypocomplementaemia and the levels of size of circulating immune complexes. It is concluded that the measurement of circulating immune complexes may be clinically useful in vasculitis, but that no direct evidence is yet available that they are pathogenetically related to those which are tissue-bound. PMID- 7039523 TI - Allopurinol treatment and its effect on renal function in gout: a controlled study. AB - Fifty-nine patients with primary gout were treated with either a combination of colchicine and allopurinol or colchicine alone. Assessments of renal function over 2 years revealed a statistically significant fall of glomerular filtration rate an urine concentrating ability in those receiving only colchicine. The renal function of patients given allopurinol did not change. Treatment with allopurinol resulted ina significant reduction of ammonium excretion, a phenomenon which could not be readily explained. Urate clearance also declined during allopurinol treatment, and the impaired urate clearance associated with gout became more evident. The most important observation was that allopurinol retarded an apparent decline of renal function. Presumably this was achieved through its hypouricaemic effect and implies that the hyperuricaemia of gouty patients is deleterious to the kidneys. PMID- 7039524 TI - Antibody to intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton. AB - IgM antibodies against cultures of intermediate filaments (IMF) of the cytoskeleton were demonstrated by immunofluorescence in the sera of 94 (80%) of 118 patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. These antibodies reacted with IMF in cultures of both human fetal fibroblasts and laryngeal carcinoma (HEp2) cells. Of 10 patients from whom paired synovial fluids were also available 8 had anti-IMF antibodies in both serum and fluid. In seronegative RA the incidence of anti-IMF was 40%, in ankylosing spondylitis 25%, in osteoarthrosis 16%, and in normal subjects 14%. Only a minority of RA sera positive for anti-IMF antibodies were also positive for smooth muscle antibody. Absorption experiments suggest that in RA anti-IMF is directed at the intermediate filament protein, vimentin. PMID- 7039525 TI - Intermediate filaments in synovial lining cells in rheumatoid arthritis and other arthritides are of vimentin type. AB - Cryostat section of synovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthrosis, pigmented villonodular synovitis, and from a normal knee were studied by indirect immunofluorescence with guinea-pig antibodies to the intermediate filament proteins prekeratin, vimentin, and desmin. Staining for vimentin, but absence of prekeratin and desmin, was demonstrated in synovial lining cells. Antivimentin antibody also stained synovial tissue fibroblasts and vascular endothelial lining cells. The intensity of fluorescent staining for vimentin broadly correlated with cellular proliferative activity at these 3 sites. PMID- 7039526 TI - The comparative incidence of malignant disease in rheumatoid arthritics exposed to different treatment regimens. AB - Cytotoxic drugs are effective in disease suppression and affect the immune system. The correlation between these is poor, in many patients, at the dosage used in man. This may partly explain why the large increased risk of neoplasia, initially predicted, has not been shown to follow the use of cytotoxic therapy. The cause of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis has been assessed both by surveys based on clinical populations and by reviews of necropsy records. There have been few attempts to assess the influence of drug therapy on mortality, or on the incidence of neoplasia. In addition, evidence is accumulating to suggest that lymphoreticular tumours may be associated with autoimmune disease. There have now been several long-term studies of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with immunosuppressives; azathioprine and cyclophosphamide in particular. These studies are reviewed and it is concluded that the incidence of most of the common cancers is not increased. PMID- 7039528 TI - Chest physiotherapy fails to prevent postoperative atelectasis in children after cardiac surgery. AB - In a prospective, randomized study, the effectiveness of chest physiotherapy (CPT) was evaluated in preventing postoperative atelectasis in children after heart surgery. Postoperative clinical variables and chest x-ray findings of atelectasis were compared in two groups: 19 patients receiving CPT and 25 patients not receiving CPT (NCPT). Chest physiotherapy was associated with significantly more frequent (p less than 0.01) and more severe (p less than 0.01) atelectasis than NCPT. Atelectasis was not significantly associated with temperature elevation, age, or presence of preoperative left-to-right shunt. PMID- 7039527 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis in pulmonary surgery: a double-blind study of penicillin versus placebo. AB - A prospective, randomized double-blind study comparing high-dose short-term penicillin-G prophylaxis with placebo was conducted on patients referred for elective pulmonary surgery. The major advantages of penicillin prophylaxis over placebo were observed for wound infections (2/45 vs 9/47, respectively, p = 0.03), postoperative antibiotic use (13/45 vs 23/47, respectively, p = 0.049), and postoperative hospital stay (median 10 days vs 13 days, respectively, p = 0.02). The prophylactic penicillin regimen had no effect on the incidence of empyema or lower respiratory tract infections. Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus were identified as the major pathogens in post-operative infections. Penicillin significantly reduced the incidence of S. aureus in spite of resistance to penicillin in most isolated strains, while the frequency of Haemophilus was similar in the two treatment groups. Colonization with Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was pronounced in the penicillin group. Few side-effects of penicillin treatment were recorded. Short-term penicillin prophylaxis is recommended, but the ideal prophylactic regimen in pulmonary surgery has not yet been found. PMID- 7039529 TI - Permanent atrial electrode placement. PMID- 7039530 TI - Double-patch technique for correction of complete atrioventricular canal. PMID- 7039531 TI - Safer insertion of Ionescu-Shiley valves in the atrioventricular position. PMID- 7039532 TI - Classics in thoracic surgery: surgical treatment of pulmonary stenosis: a retrospection (Alfred Blalock). PMID- 7039536 TI - Coronary vein graft marking: a method to prevent graft twisting and length misjudgment. PMID- 7039534 TI - The management of neonatal posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia. AB - Between March, 1978, and August, 1980, 7 neonates with a left posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia were seen in respiratory distress within 12 hours of birth. Each had severe acidosis and hypoxia. They were immediately intubated and ventilated. Arterial and central venous lines were inserted, the acidosis was partially corrected, and a dopamine infusion of 5 microgram/kg/min was begun immediately. Continuous monitoring of arterial and venous pressures, core, and skin temperatures, blood gases, and pH was instituted. Diaphragmatic defects were repaired by direct suture in 5 neonates and by Gore-Tex patches in the other 2. The left lung in all patients was hypoplastic. Ventilation and inotropic support were continued for 4 to 5 days post-operatively, and close control of acid-base balance was maintained. All the patients are doing well. We consider the key to survival to be management of the dangerous combination of acidosis (by enhancing peripheral and renal perfusion with dopamine) and hypoxia (by prolonged assisted ventilation). PMID- 7039535 TI - Multiple mycotic aneurysms and transverse myelopathy complicating repair of aortic coarctation. AB - The case of an 18-year-old man with coarctation of the aorta discovered on routine physical examination and subsequently surgically repaired is reported. Four months postoperatively, aneurysms developed at the repair site and thrombosis of both femoral arteries was noted. Following an attempt to repair the aneurysm and remove the thrombi, the patient became paraplegic; Aspergillus fumigatus was found infecting the aorta and femoral vessels. After additional operations and a course of amphotericin B to control the fungal infection, the patient died of intrathoracic bleeding originating from infected, aneurysmally dilated intercostal vessels in the area of the original coarctation repair. The complicating fungal infection of the operative site and the paraplegia are discussed. This report is among the first to present a patient with fungal endarteritis complicating operation for coarctation of the aorta. PMID- 7039537 TI - Esophageal perforation. AB - Esophageal perforation can be caused by any instrument, device, or foreign body reaching the hypopharynx. Diagnosis remains difficult. If esophageal perforation is suspected, Gastrografin (meglucamine diatrizoate) swallow study, eventually followed by barium swallow study, is the most useful diagnostic test. Absolute rules cannot be made about the selection of nonoperative or surgical treatment. If diagnosed early, cervical or thoracic esophageal perforations can sometimes be treated conservatively if there are no signs of systemic sepsis. Recurrent leakage after surgical closure is not unusual. Local tissue flaps can reinforce the closure, particularly after delayed operation, thereby often avoiding the necessity for a reoperation or an esophageal exclusion. PMID- 7039533 TI - Coenzyme Q10: the prophylactic effect on low cardiac output following cardiac valve replacement. AB - A randomized, prospective study of the effectiveness of preoperative administration of coenzyme Q10 on the prophylaxis of postoperative low cardiac output state was performed in 50 patients with acquired valvular diseases necessitating valve replacement. There were 25 patients in the treatment group and 25 in the control group. Patients in the treatment group received 30 to 60 mg of coenzyme Q10 orally for six days before operation. Preoperative clinical variables, operative procedures, total cardiopulmonary bypass time, and aortic cross-clamping time were similar for the two groups. Postoperatively, mild to severe low cardiac output state developed in 28 of 50 patients (56%) and necessitated the administration of considerable amounts of inotropic agent. The treatment group showed a significantly lower incidence of low cardiac output state during the recovery period than the control group (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that preoperative administration of coenzyme Q10 will increase the tolerance of human hearts to ischemia during aortic cross-clamping. PMID- 7039539 TI - Inhibition and enhancement of macrophage migration in the presence of lymphocytes and seminal fluid of men with fertility disorders. AB - Macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) towards autologous seminal fluid was studied in 29 infertile men, 16 of whom were also examined towards normal seminal fluid. In 10 patients, inhibition of macrophage migration was observed in the presence of 50 microgram of protein of autologous semen sonicates. Nine patients had enhanced macrophage migration in the presence of 5 microgram protein. Macrophage enhancement was more antigen dependent than the migration inhibition. In all patients seminal abnormalities were observed, being milder in the patients whose lymphocytes enhanced macrophage migration. PMID- 7039538 TI - Medrogestone and an LHRH analogue as potential combination therapy for hormone dependent cancers. AB - Treatment (5 mg/kg s.c. for 1 to 4 weeks) of adult male rats with medrogestone (Colprone), a compound with progestational and antiandrogenic properties, induced significant atrophy of the ventral prostate without affecting testicular weight, testicular LH/hCG receptor levels or plasma testosterone. The potent LHRH agonist (D-Ala6, des-Gly-NH210) LHRH ethylamide at 500 ng s.c. for 2-4 weeks suppressed the testicular weight, testicular LH/hCG receptor levels, plasma testosterone levels, and caused atrophy of the androgen-dependent seminal vesicles and ventral prostate. The combination 4 week-treatment of medrogestone and LHRH agonist led to the most significant decrease of prostatic weight. The potential usefulness of this combination therapy in hormone-dependent cancers is discussed. PMID- 7039540 TI - [Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud (1796-1881)]. PMID- 7039541 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with coronary cardiopathy. Early mobilization after acute myocardial infarction]. AB - The early mobilization of selected patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction is not any longer a controversial subject. The benefits are the prevention of decreasing physical capacity and other complications due to physical immobilization. Anxiety and depressive states are prevented or improved, physical capacity is maintained; there is a well being sensation upon discharge and there are economical advantages due to shortening of the hospitalization period. The latter favors an early return to work and a rapid turnover of hospital beds. From different points of view, early discharge of these patients is desirable, safe, possible, decreases expenses, and favors recovery. PMID- 7039542 TI - [Cardiologic topics in ancient Islamic medicine]. PMID- 7039543 TI - Some factors modifying the insulinotropic and cardiovascular effects of isoprenaline in the rat. AB - The effects of L-isoprenaline on plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and glucose concentrations were examined in pentobarbitone anaesthetized rats. When given by bolus injection hyperinsulinaemia was produced only by very large doses of isoprenaline (100-200 micrograms/kg). Infusion of isoprenaline allowed the demonstration of hyperinsulinaemia at low dose rates (0.07-0.7 microgram kg-1 min 1). Pretreatment with phentolamine or production of a functional sympathectomy by bilateral adrenal demedullation and chronic guanethidine treatment augmented the hyperinsulinaemic effect of isoprenaline. Isoprenaline-induced hyperglycaemia was attenuated by sympathectomy and by phentolamine pretreatment, this attenuation being attributed to the augmented hyperinsulinaemic effect of isoprenaline under these conditions. The increase in heart rate and reduction in blood pressure produced by isoprenaline were also augmented in sympathectomized rats. PMID- 7039544 TI - Coccidioidomycosis in renal replacement therapy. AB - The potential risk of coccidioidomycosis has led to concern about the advisability of maintaining renal transplantation programs in endemic areas. We reviewed the charts of 721 patients undergoing dialysis and 260 renal transplant recipients in Arizona to determine the incidence, risk factors, and clinical course of coccidioidomycosis in these immunosuppressed populations. Symptomatic infection occurred in six (0.83%) patients undergoing dialysis and 18 (6.9%) transplant recipients. Male sex and blood type B predisposed to dissemination. Urine cultures for fungus were important diagnosis aids. Four of six patients with infection limited to the thorax and five of 18 patients with dissemination remained alive after seven months to 7 1/2 years. Although the rate of dissemination (75%) and mortality (63%) from coccidioidomycosis were high, the incidence of infection was low and does not preclude renal transplantation in Arizona. Those who have received transplants elsewhere should be advised not to move or to visit areas endemic for coccidioidomycosis. PMID- 7039545 TI - [Immunosuppressive activity of the serum in patients with brain tumors and various neurological disorders--anti-sheep red blood cell plaque-forming cell response in mouse spleens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7039546 TI - On the precision and accuracy achieved by Escherichia coli cells at fission about their middle. AB - Length and width of each of the prospective siblings of constricted Escherichia coli cells from different strains and culture conditions were measured from electron micrographs. The data were statistically analyzed to investigate how equally the length and volume of one cell was divided into two. The analysis showed that, for all cultures. bipartition is unbiased or very nearly so, i.e. sibling cells were on the average equally long and large. The precision of bipartition attained by the cells was usually high; it was related to the average cell shape (length/width): slender E. coli cells divided into two less precisely than squat cells, Absolute size, growth rate and strain specificity affected the precision of bipartition only indirectly, i.e. in as much as they influenced cell shape. PMID- 7039547 TI - Puerperal psychosis in America--1847. PMID- 7039548 TI - The goals of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy. PMID- 7039549 TI - The family meets the hospital. Clinical presentation of a laboratory-based family typology. AB - This report portrays the distinctive clinical features of four groups of families with psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. The classification of families into the four groups was made by objective measures of their performance in a standard problem-solving task. Clinicians, blind to this classification, synthesized and described their clinical impressions of these families. There were clear differences among the four groups in family dynamics and in the adolescents' ward behavior. Furthermore, families who experienced themselves as an integrated group became more effectively engaged in a family-oriented inpatient treatment program. Families with noticeable alienation between members did not become effectively engaged in the family-oriented program and may be better candidates for other approaches to inpatient care. PMID- 7039550 TI - Antipsychotic effects of ceruletide (caerulein) on chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 7039551 TI - Henoch-Schonlein purpura: simultaneous demonstration of IgA deposits in involved skin, intestine, and kidney. AB - Recent reports indicate that circulating IgA immune complexes may play a primary role in the pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein vasculitis and are responsible for the granular deposits of IgA seen in biopsy specimens of skin and kidney. A patient had classic Henoch Schonlein syndrome, including hematuria, purpura, and abdominal pain; tissue taken simultaneously from the small intestine, skin, and kidney was examined by light immunofluorescent, and electron microscopy. Granular deposits of IgA were found in small-vessel walls of the intestinal tissue and skin, and in the glomerular mesangium. This provides further support for the notion that IgA deposits produce tissue injury in intestine, skin, and kidney in Henoch-Schonlein syndrome. PMID- 7039552 TI - Chromogens for immunohistochemistry. PMID- 7039553 TI - Transplant renal artery thrombosis. Revascularization after 51/2 hours of ischemia. AB - Restoration of blood flow to a transplanted kidney following renal artery thrombosis should provide a good model for determining the tolerance of the human kidney to normothermic ischemia. Two cases were seen in which function returned after two and 51/2 hours of occlusion. These, together with two other similar cases reported previously, suggest that attempted revascularization is worthwhile even after several hours of ischemia. PMID- 7039554 TI - Fatal Candida esophagitis in two diabetics after renal transplantation. AB - Severe necrotizing Candida esophagitis developed in two insulin-dependent diabetics after they received renal allografts. In each patient, the infection led to a perforation of the esophagus and was ultimately fatal despite aggressive medical and surgical management. The frequency and severity of Candida esophagitis seems to be higher in diabetics rather than in nondiabetic patients who received renal transplants. In these two diabetic transplant recipients, small doses of oral nystatin did not prevent Candida esophagitis. Appropriate diagnostic tests must be performed promptly when symptoms of odynophagia or dysphagia develop in these patients. In diabetic transplant recipients with documented candidiasis, decreased symptoms of esophagitis should not be relied on to indicate a response to therapy. Discontinuation of immunosuppressive drugs, as well as aggressive treatment with oral and parenterally absorbed antifungal agents, offer the best hope for preventing severe morbidity or mortality from the infection in these patients. PMID- 7039556 TI - Modified anterior crural repair for hiatal hernia. PMID- 7039555 TI - Segmental pancreatic transplantation: donor and recipient operation. AB - Although the role of pancreatic transplantation in halting the progression of the secondary complications of insulin-dependent diabetes has not been completely defined, the application of segmental pancreatic transplantation for treatment of juvenile diabetes has increased. Five patients with insulin-dependent, nonuremic diabetes and definite evidence of progression of other secondary complications underwent segmental pancreatic transplantation (donor and recipient operations) with cyanoacrylate duct occlusion. No evidence of pancreatic function was seen in the first case because of ischemic and perfusion damage. The four other cases showed immediate normal pancreatic response after grafting. Several weeks thereafter, rejection appeared; no reversal was obtained despite antilymphoblast globulin or corticosteroid treatment. Rejection and pancreatitis remained the two most important obstacles in successful pancreatic transplantation. Modifications in the current immunosuppressive regimen might allow for prolonged pancreatic transplant survival. PMID- 7039558 TI - [Interrelation of the endocrine and exocrine portions of the pancreas]. AB - Ultrastructural organization of cells and functional activity of the rat pancreas was studied under peroral administration of 80% glucose solution (4 times, 20 ml every 15 min) and a single subcutaneous administration of insulin (5 units). When glucose was administered, both the exocrine and endocrine parts of the pancreas responded with an increased insulin production, revealed by means of the immunoreactive method, with an intensified synthesis of the digestive enzymes (amilase, protease). Ultrastructural organization of beta-cells demonstrated their sharp functional strain resulting in exhaustion, and in the acinar cells- in an increased secret formation. On the contrary, insulin administration resulted in a sharp decrease of the functional activity in the exocrine part of the pancreas, that was reflected correspondingly in the ultrastructural organization of the acinar cells, while the structure of beta-cells demonstrated a delayed excretion of insulin-containing granules from their cytoplasm. PMID- 7039557 TI - Pathogenesis of rabies in dogs inoculated with an Ethiopian rabies virus strain. Immunofluorescence, histologic and ultrastructural studies of the central nervous system. AB - Dogs were inoculated with either an Ethiopian of Mexican rabies virus strain. The distribution of viral antigen and lesions were studied by immunofluorescence, histologic and electron microscopic techniques. In all dogs inoculated with the Ethiopian rabies virus strain, tremendous whorls of filamentous fluorescing aggregates were observed throughout the brain; these were not observed in dogs inoculated with the Mexican virus. Lesions consisted on neuronal degeneration and neuronophagia, associated with large inclusion bodies and widespread inflammation in dogs inoculated with the Ethiopian isolate. All observed portions of the brain and spinal cord were affected. In general, lesions were much less severe with Mexican isolate. Occasional astrocytes were observed to have inclusions in dogs inoculated both with Ethiopian and Mexican strains. Most neurons examined electronmicroscopically showed signs of infection, varying from a small granular or finely fibrillar viral matrix to numerous matrices accompanied by prolific numbers of virus particles occupying much of the perikaryon. These were found in all dogs inoculated with the Ethiopian strain but were rare with the Mexican isolate. Viral budding occurred from membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, outer lamella of the nuclear envelope, and rarely from the plasma membrane. PMID- 7039560 TI - [Use of polyvinyl alcohol for preparing frozen histological sections]. AB - The authors developed a new method for preparation of frozen histological sections. It consists in the use of glycerin-plastified polymer, polyvinyl alcohol, and distilled water for impregnation of tissue pieces and subsequent freezing of them in the same medium. This produces histological sections of high quality. The frozen sections are sufficiently thin (3--5 micrometers). The method excludes cell structure destruction by ice crystals and overfreezing of blocks; the sections do not crumble. Losses of free cell elements, extraction of substances and other artifacts are minimized. The frozen histological sections are firmly glued to the glass without using protein with glycerin. The method saves time and reagents for the preparation of the sections and allows their wide use in morphological and histochemical studies. PMID- 7039559 TI - [Phylogenetic aspect of human pathology]. AB - In human diseases, the appearing signs of organisms more or less remote from man phylogenetically are usually considered to be atavisms which do not reflect the thesis of similarities in the evolutionary process. Phylogenetic similarities in human pathology represent recapitulations, parallelisms, and convergences. Since recapitulation was dealt with one of the previously published articles, this paper analyses parallelisms and convergences in pathology. By the examples of uterus malformations, gene and chromosome mutations, tumors, and tuberculosis it is shown that parallel development of a pathological sign consists in repetition in man of a species sign of an animal, in the emergence of phenotypically and genotypically homologous hereditary diseases, and in similar manifestations of modification changes of cells and tissues of man and other mammals. Convergent similarities even under pathological conditions develop in unrelated organisms. The subdivision of similarities existing in diseases into recapitulations, parallelisms, and convergences requires that the data of comparative anatomy and physiology, embryology and paleontology be taken into consideration. PMID- 7039561 TI - [Status of pathological anatomy in the socialist and people's democracy countries]. AB - The state of pathological anatomy in the SRV, GDR, PPR, PRB, HRP, CSSR, SFRYu is described on the basis of the literature, and some information on the development of this science in the USSR is presented. The materials of the International Symposium of representatives of the Societies of pathologists of the socialist countries (Berlin, March, 1979) have been used. PMID- 7039563 TI - Neuroendocrine dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy. AB - Since medial temporal lobe structures are involved in the modulation of endocrine function and temporal lobe epileptics commonly show personality changes that resemble endocrine disorders, the existence of neuroendocrine dysfunction in temporal lobe epileptics was investigated by comparing the response of serum luteinizing hormone levels with intravenous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone infusion in patients and normal controls. Five of seven consecutive patients had response curves that fell almost entirely outside of the normal control range, and all seven had either baseline or peak values that were outside of the normal range. These findings suggest that hypothalamic-pituitary control of gonadotropin secretion may be altered among patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID- 7039562 TI - [Checking the dimensional stability and accuracy from casting material copies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7039564 TI - Sjogren's syndrome and polymyositis or dermatomyositis. AB - Of four patients with Sjogren's syndrome, three had polymyositis and one had dermatomyositis. In all, deposition of IgG, IgA, IgM, and C3 was observed in muscle by immunofluorescent techniques. Serologic studies revealed elevated levels of serum IgG and IgM, rheumatoid factor, and antinuclear antibody with specificity for SS-A and SS-B antigens. In muscle there was a mononuclear cell infiltrate with plasma cell predominance around small vessels and capillaries. Ultrastructural changes in the vessels included reduplication of the basement membrane, endothelial thickening, and numerous tubuloreticular and dense inclusions. In two patients, electrondense deposits were noted in the microvasculature. This combination of immunoglobulin deposition in muscle, prominent microvascular changes, and characteristic serology suggests that the myositis in Sjogren's syndrome may result from small-vessel injury by autoantibodies or circulating immune complexes. PMID- 7039565 TI - Polymyositis in chronic graft vs host disease. A case report. PMID- 7039566 TI - Ultrastructural localization of immunoglobulins in carious human dentine. PMID- 7039568 TI - Effect of post-eruptive age on Ca and P loss from human enamel during demineralization in vitro. PMID- 7039567 TI - Extracellular hydrolase activity of the cells of the oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans isolated from man and grown on glucose or xylitol. PMID- 7039569 TI - A paraffin-celloidin embedding method for studying soft-hard tissue interfaces. PMID- 7039570 TI - Changes in human face breadth since the Mediaeval period in Britain. PMID- 7039572 TI - Ophthalmology and philately: III. Scientists who contributed to ophthalmology.- Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749-1832). PMID- 7039571 TI - Metastatic endophthalmitis due to Salmonella typhimurium. AB - A 48-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia had endophthalmitis as the first sign of generalized sepsis due to Salmonella typhimurium. The organism grew from the anterior chamber aspirate as well as from the blood cultures. The eye required enucleation, and pathologically identifiable organisms were present in the vitreous cavity. To our knowledge, a case of metastatic endophthalmitis due to S typhimurium has not been previously reported. Salmonella is an opportunistic organism and should be considered in cases of endophthalmitis occurring in an immunocompromised host. PMID- 7039574 TI - Repair of sector iris coloboma. Closed-chamber technique. PMID- 7039573 TI - Ophthalmology and philately: III. Scientists who contributed to ophthalmology.- Benito Daza de Valdes (1591-1634). PMID- 7039575 TI - T and B lymphocytes in the aqueous humor of patients with uveitis. AB - Sixteen patients with different types of uveitis (ocular toxoplasmosis, chronic cyclitis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, Behcet's syndrome, ocular herpes, and a probable nematode) had the aqueous humor withdrawn and had the number of T, B, and null lymphocytes assessed. T and B lymphocytes were identified by rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes and with human erythrocytes sensitized with IgM antibody and complement or zymosan-C3 complexes, respectively. A much higher number of T lymphocytes than B lymphocytes was observed in all cases. The results were not influenced by treatment with steroids or immunosuppressive drugs for local, periocular, or systemic effects. PMID- 7039576 TI - Evaluation of endothelial viability in human donor corneas. AB - The endothelial viability of 45 paired, isolated human corneas that were removed 7, 17, and 41 hours after death was determined using in vitro perfusion with a modified HEPES (N'-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-ethanesulfonic acid)-buffered, glutathione-bicarbonate Ringer's solution. During the test period of four hours, a significant decrease in corneal thickness, measured by specular microscopy, occurred within the first two hours. The improved endothelial visualization allowed simultaneous cell-density measurements. Perfused corneas showed an almost intact endothelial ultrastructure compared with their 45 partners that were examined immediately after removal. Control corneas were perfused with isotonic saline. They failed to reverse their postmortem swelling and continued to increase in thickness at a rate of 45 +/- 54 micrometer/hr. PMID- 7039577 TI - Autoalloplast. An experimental and clinical study. AB - The concept of an autoalloplast offers the convenience of an alloplast and the safety and reliability of an autograft. An alloplast that acts as a scaffold for fibrous tissue ingrowth retains many of the characteristics of an autograft when reimplanted. Fibrous encapsulation is essential to the retention of all implanted impermeable synthetic materials. They then retain a potential for extrusion. Polyamide mesh, which allows the ingrowth of fibrous tissue, is a synthetic implant that circumvents the potential for extrusion. The fibrous tissue ingrowth provides substance to the graft, which permits precise carving with a scalpel after the initial implantation into a vascular area. A suitable period is necessary to allow fibrous tissue ingrowth. The incorporated mesh material is then harvested, shaped, and reimplanted into the augmentation site as an autoalloplast. A three-phase animal study to determine the feasibility of the autoalloplast concept is presented. It showed that fibrous incorporation of polyamide mesh occurs, and harvesting and reimplantation were feasible. It also demonstrated the superiority of the autoalloplast to withstand trauma without extrusion when compared with autogenous cartilage, polyamide mesh without fibrous assimilation, and Silastic. Since 1974, twenty-one humans have received successful implants with the autoalloplast. The patients have been followed up for two to 7 1/2 years, with all cases successful to date. The prospect of nurturing and biologically assimilating an implant in a safe and controlled area of a host and its subsequent reimplantation expands the field of reconstructive surgery and offers a practical method for managing certain facial deformities. PMID- 7039578 TI - Treatment of fractures of the edentulous mandible. AB - The reduction and fixation techniques for treatment of fractures of the edentulous mandible are varied, although all the operative techniques are based on the fundamental principles of adequate bone fragment apposition and immobilization. The techniques include the following: (1) analgesia and soft diet, (2) closed reduction with splint fixation, (3) open reduction (intraoral or extraoral) with transosseous wire ligation, (4) percutaneous intramedullary pinning, (5) intraoral open reduction with bone graft and maxillomandibular fixation, (6) external splint fixation appliance, (7) extraoral open reduction and fixation with malleable mesh, and (8) extraoral open reduction and fixation with bone plating (metacarpal, lateral compression, and eccentric dynamic compression plate [EDCP]). We review the various modalities of therapy for this challenging problem, with the strengths and weaknesses of each technique. In addition, we discuss a relatively new method of fracture fixation in North America, the EDCP, and our experience using it to treat 17 fractures of the edentulous or nearly edentulous mandible, with a 94% bony healing rate. PMID- 7039579 TI - Titanium tray mandibular reconstruction. AB - Mandibular reconstructions still present a difficult and challenging problem. Failures experienced in using rib or iliac bone grafts stimulated clinical and research activities in evaluating the following new techniques: composite myocutaneous bone flaps, bone transplants with microvascular anastomoses, and freeze-dried homografts. This article describes the usefulness of the titanium tray with or without cancellous iliac bone grafts for mandibular reconstruction. The series presented herein includes 12 patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction after trauma or ablative cancer surgery, No immediate or delayed extrusion of the titanium tray was observed with follow-up as long as eight years after surgery. Advantages and disadvantages of this technique will be discussed. PMID- 7039580 TI - [Comparative study of the flora of the vagina and oropharynx in vulvovaginitis in children]. PMID- 7039581 TI - Rationale of the diet-heart statement of the American Heart Association. Report of the AHA nutrition committee. PMID- 7039582 TI - Polyunsaturated fatty acids, hyperlipidemia, and thrombosis. PMID- 7039583 TI - Sensorineural hearing loss and somatic insufficiency. AB - Studies of clinical, audiometric and histological defects in patients with conductive otosclerosis, demonstrated the occurrence of subclinical manifestations in the hair, nails, joints and teeth. Light-microscopic examination of the skin in these patients has shown metachromasia of the ground substance and degenerative abnormalities in the collagen and elastic fibres. Structural abnormalities, in the organs developing from the ectoderm and mesoderm, led to the conclusion that otosclerosis is a universal disease characterized by ectomesodermal insufficiency, a somatic insufficiency. Optical measurement of the corneal thickness by corneometry has been introduced as an objective method for the diagnosis of somatic insufficiency. This method, now used routinely in our clinic, shows a high frequency of abnormal corneal thickness among patients with otosclerosis. Such a person is termed 'cornea positive'. Cochlear otosclerosis with pure sensorineural hearing loss has been studied by X-ray in axial and semiaxial tomography. These patients were often X ray positive and among them there were many cornea-positive individuals. Cases with noise-induced hearing impairment may also be cornea-positive, i.e. they may exhibit, somatic insufficiency indicating that their hearing organs are characterized by a decreased resistance to noise. Corneometry has shown its value in the diagnosis of insufficient somatic constitution typical of individuals at risk. PMID- 7039584 TI - Scalp lacerations in children. PMID- 7039585 TI - Nurses, spirituality, and clients. Part 3. Healing with love and light. PMID- 7039586 TI - Health system as a world family of people sharing with each other. PMID- 7039587 TI - Colisepticaemia of lambs. AB - In 1979 and 1980, 23 and 29 cases of ovine colisepticaemia from 16 and 18 properties respectively were diagnosed. All cases but one were caused by Escherichia coli 078: NM (Non Motile). Mortality ranged from 1% to 5% with an age distribution of 3 to 12 weeks. Most cases occurred in October. Thirty-three of the isolates were tested against a wide range of antibiotics and all had similar sensitivity patterns. E. coli 078 was detected less frequently in rectal cultures than in bile, small intestinal or nasal cultures from colisepticaemic lambs. In addition, E. coli 078 was recovered more frequently from nasal than from rectal cultures of lambs dying from causes other than colisepticaemia in colisepticaemic flocks. These findings suggest that perhaps the nasal route may be the more important portal of infection in ovine colisepticaemia caused by E. Coli 078 organisms. PMID- 7039588 TI - Escherichia coli epididymitis and seminal vesiculitis in a ram. PMID- 7039589 TI - Virological studies of Adelie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) in Antarctica. AB - Serum antibodies to influenza virus hemagglutinin 7, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and avian paramyxoviruses were detected in Adelie penguin colonies in Antarctica. Infection with NDV and avian influenza virus was confined to particular colonies, whereas antibodies to the paramyxoviruses were detected in all seven colonies samples. Two avian paramyxoviruses were also isolated fromcloacal swabs. Results of serological tests must be interpreted with caution, as little as known about the persistence of specific antibodies in Adelie penguins. PMID- 7039590 TI - The influence of lactobacilli on the competitive exclusion of paratyphoid salmonellae in chickens. AB - The competitive exclusion of salmonellae by native gut microflora was investigated by treating chicks with various avian lactobacilli. The evaluation of protection was based on the number of salmonellae adhering to the mucosa of the crop and the cecum, enumeration of salmonellae in fecal droppings, and enrichment of cloacal swabs and fecal droppings using both individual and seeder bird tests. Lactobacilli reduced the number of salmonellae adhering to the crop mucosa by 1 to 2 logs. Treatment with lactobacilli did not lower the number of chickens shedding salmonellae or reduce the number of salmonellae adhering to the mucosa of the cecum. Lactobacilli as a single bacterial treatment played a minor role in protecting the crop, but no protection of the cecum was demonstrated. PMID- 7039592 TI - 1981 AAAP Special Service Award (Dr. Stephen B. Hitchner). PMID- 7039591 TI - In vivo bioassay and supplemental serologic techniques for the detection of mycoplasma in suspect breeding chickens. PMID- 7039593 TI - 1981 Upjohn Achievement Award (Dr. Robert Paul Hanson). PMID- 7039595 TI - Structural and metabolic aspects of macromolecules in the connective tissue. PMID- 7039596 TI - Genetic engineering of microorganisms for chemicals. PMID- 7039594 TI - Use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure antibody responses in turkeys against Pasteurella multocida. AB - AN enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a microtiter agglutination (MA) test were used in a comparative study to measure the humoral antibody responses of turkeys receiving oral vaccination against fowl cholera. The ELISA was sensitive and measured antibody titers as high as 1:4,409, whereas the highest titers the MA test measured were 1:128. A close correlation was seen between ELISA antibody titers and protection against oral challenge with virulent Pasteurella multocida, whereas a poor correlation was seen between antibody titers measured by MA tests and protection. ELISA substrate reactions from a single serum dilution, measured with a spectrophotometer, could be converted directly from absorbance to antibody titers using a linear regression plot. PMID- 7039597 TI - The regulation of yeast gene expression by multiple control elements. PMID- 7039598 TI - Genetic and molecular studies of the regulation of atypical citrate utilization and variable Vi antigen expression in enteric bacteria. AB - 1. The atypical citrate-utilizing ability to two strains of E. coli has been shown to be plasmid-encoded. Strain V414 carries a 130 Mdal conjugative Cit+ plasmid that also specifies Tcr and Cmr. Strain V517 carries 9 different plasmid species but only the 36 Mdal species is correlated with Cit+ ability. These plasmids are different from previously reported Cit+ plasmids of E. coli and Salmonella, which express thermosensitive conjugal transfer systems. 2. A 9 kb Pstl fragment, carrying the Cit+ genes of pWR60, has been cloned into the pBR325 plasmid. 3. Metabolic studies indicate that intact citrate is not incorporated directly into whole cells. Rather, atypical citrate utilization by these E. coli strains appears to involve partial metabolism of citrate at the cell surface before or during uptake. 4. The expression of atypical Cit+ ability by the parental pWR60 plasmid or by the recombinant pWR61 plasmid appears reversible and may involve an expression switch mechanism (i.e., insertion sequence element). 5. Two widely separated genetic loci, viaA and viaB, are necessary for Vi antigen synthesis in Salmonella and Citrobacter. In some strains of C. freundii, Vi antigen expression is reversible, a phenomenon which can be visualized by a colonial morphology transition between Vi-expressing and -nonexpressing forms. 6. The C. freundii viaB locus appears to encode the Vi antigen as well as the genetic "switch" mechanism controlling reversible Vi antigen expression. The viaA locus, which is found in several different bacterial species, may encode some common property (e.g., cell surface structure or enzymatic activity) that is needed for Vi antigen expression. 7. S. typhi and E. coli K12 hybrid strains which carry the C. freundii viaB locus have been constructed. These hybrid strains express reversible Vi antigen expression, even in the absence of general recombination (i.e., functional recA gene product). 8. The C. freundii viaB locus was transposed via Mu-mediated events to an F'lac plasmid in the E. coli K12 hybrid strain WR2376. F' plasmids carrying the viaB locus should serve as a highly enriched source of viaB DNA for physical examination of the switch mechanism. 9. Genetic manipulations such as those described herein can be used to study virtually any plasmid, viral, or chromosomally-encoded property. The resultant better understanding of biochemical pathways and of genetic regulatory control systems, and the isolation of desired gene sequences should provide ample information and materials for improving chemical processes and constructing vaccines against various organisms. PMID- 7039599 TI - Structure and expression of yeast glycolytic genes. PMID- 7039601 TI - Genetic deregulation of ethanol-related genes. PMID- 7039600 TI - Functional mutants of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - Selection of petite strains of yeast (that is, strains unable to respire aerobically) on media containing allyl alcohol will result in enrichment for mutants at the ADC1 locus. This locus codes for the constitutive alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH-I, which is primarily responsible for the production of ethanol in yeast. The mutant enzymes are functional, and confer resistance to allyl alcohol on the cell by shifting the NAD-NADH balance in the direction of NADH. These mutants exhibit altered Km's for cofactor, substrate, or both, and often have altered Vmax's. In this paper, the methodology for obtaining these mutants and for determining the amino acid substitutions responsible for these changes is presented. Several new mutants have been at least approximately localized, and one, DB-AA3-N15, has been shown to be due to the substitution of an arginine for a tryptophan at position 54. This substitution would be expected, by analogy with the known tertiary structure of the horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, to decrease the hydrophobic environment of the active site pocket. The substitution has a pronounced effect on the Km for ethanol, but far less on that for acetaldehyde. The current status of investigation of other classes of functional mutants of this enzyme, and the potential both for selection of useful variants of this molecule and for an increase understanding of its function are discussed. PMID- 7039602 TI - [Endogenous uveitis - an autoimmune process?]. PMID- 7039604 TI - [Therapy of endogenous uveitis. Corticosteroids]. PMID- 7039603 TI - [Chronic iridocyclitis, cyclitis]. PMID- 7039605 TI - [Therapy of endogenous uveitis. Immunosuppression]. PMID- 7039606 TI - [Therapy of endogenous uveitis. Tuberculostatics]. PMID- 7039607 TI - [Introduction to paralytic strabismus]. PMID- 7039608 TI - [Myopathies with ocular symptoms]. PMID- 7039609 TI - [Pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica from epidemiological viewpoint- review]. PMID- 7039611 TI - Hemodilution combined with defibrinogenation. PMID- 7039610 TI - [Pathogenicity factors in Yersinia enterocolitica from an epidemiological viewpoint--review]. PMID- 7039613 TI - [Hereditary thrombocytopathies - models for the study of the molecular and biochemical basis of thrombocyte function]. PMID- 7039612 TI - Defibrinating agents: effects on blood rheology, blood flow and vascular diseases in controlled studies. PMID- 7039615 TI - The location of phosphorylation sites and Ca2+-dependent proteolytic cleavage sites on the major neurofilament polypeptides from Myxicola infundibulum. AB - 1. When axoplasm is incubated with [32P]Pi the main phosphorylated components are the neurofilament polypeptides. 2. Activation with Ca2+ of the proteinase present in axoplasm causes degradation of these neurofilaments and the peptides produced by this reaction have been analysed by fingerprinting. 3. Fingerprinting shows that initially the Ca2+-activated proteinase cleaves the neurofilament polypeptides at three major sites producing polypeptides with mol.wts. 70,000, 50,000 and 47,000. 4. These polypeptides sediment with filaments, originate from the tail-region of the molecule and contain a little radioactive label. 5. As these polypeptides are produced, other polypeptides that come from the head region of the molecule are liberated as soluble products that contain the bulk of the radioactivity. 6. Fingerprinting therefore shows that at least two regions on the molecule are phosphorylated and that the major one is located towards the head-end of the polypeptides. PMID- 7039616 TI - The stereochemical course of yeast hexokinase-catalysed phosphoryl transfer by using adenosine 5'[gamma(S)-16O,17O,18O]triphosphate as substrate. AB - Adenosine 5'[gamma(S)-16O, 17O, 18O]triphosphate has been synthesized and used to determine the stereochemical course of phosphoryl transfer catalysed by yeast hexokinase. The chirality at phosphorus of the D-glucose 6-[16O,17O,18O]phosphate formed was analysed, after cyclization and methylation, by 31P n.m.r. spectroscopy. The phosphoryl transfer was found to occur with inversion of configuration, with a stereoselectivity in excess of 94%. The simplest interpretation of this result is that the phosphoryl group is transferred between substrates in the enzyme-substrate ternary complex by an 'in line' mechanism. PMID- 7039614 TI - The contribution of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway to intermediary metabolism and cell function. PMID- 7039617 TI - The effect of limited proteolysis on rabbit muscle creatine kinase. AB - Creatine kinase from rabbit muscle is inactivated by limited proteolysis with proteinase K from Tritirachium album. Gel-filtration and cross-linking studies showed that the limited proteolysis did not affect the molecular weight of the enzyme under non-denaturing conditions, but did cause changes in the reactivity of the reactive thiol group on each subunit and in the ability of the enzyme to form a 'transition-state analogue' complex in the presence of magnesium acetate plus ADP plus creatinine plus NaNO3. PMID- 7039618 TI - Chemical and physical characterization of a proline-rich polypeptide from sheep colostrum. AB - A proline-rich polypeptide isolated from sheep colostrum is described. The molecular weight of the polypeptide determined by gel filtration is 17 200. However, in the presence of guanidinium chloride the molecular weight found is about 6000. The polypeptide contains about 22% of proline, a high proportion of non-polar amino acids, a low percentage of glycine, and no alanine, arginine and cysteine residues. The only N-terminal amino acid found is leucine. C.d. spectra in water and in 50% (v/v) trifluoroethanol suggest the presence of block sequences of proline residues forming helices of polyproline II type. The proline rich polypeptide is soluble at 4 degrees C but is reversibly precipitated on warming to room temperature. Maximal precipitation is observed at pH 4.6 and at ionic strength above 0.6. The precipitation depends on the concentration of the polypeptide. No effect of other proteins, Ca2+ and Zn2+ ions on the precipitation of the polypeptide was found. The proline-rich polypeptide is not an amphipathic protein. The lack of effect of the polypeptide on proteolytic enzymes ruled out the possibility that it is an inhibitor of proteinases. PMID- 7039619 TI - Crystallographic studies of movement within proteins. AB - The primary results of X-ray diffraction studies of crystalline proteins are maps, showing the distribution of electron density within the crystals, from which the structures of the protein molecules can be determined. Improved descriptions of the molecular structures are obtained in a second stage of the analysis in which the molecular parameters are refined in such a way that the X ray data predicted from the structure agree as closely as possible with those observed. The refined molecular model obtained in this way takes account of the mobility of the structure by attributing to each atom a parameter defining its apparent mean-square amplitude of vibration. This apparent motion of the atoms may be real or may arise because different molecules in the crystals adopt slightly different conformations or orientations. Studies at different temperatures help to resolve this ambiguity. The parameters describing the apparent motion of the atoms are also sensity to errors in the experimental data. Parallel studies of lysozymes from two different species have suggested strongly, however, that the X-ray data describe a characteristic property of the lysozyme molecule which is related to its activity. Preliminary studies of triose phosphate isomerase suggest that intramolecular motion and conformational variability play an important part in the activity of this enzyme. PMID- 7039621 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of internal mobility in globular proteins. AB - This paper presents a survey of the use of high resolution n.m.r. for studies of the internal mobility of globular protein structures. In a first part n.m.r. manifestations of internal motions are described. This includes discussion of the exchange of internal labile protons with the solvent, flipping motions of aromatic rings, and effects of internal mobility on 13C relaxation parameters and on vicinal spin-spin coupling constants. A second part summarizes the results of a n.m.r. characterization of the molecular dynamics of the basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, which demonstrates that the information content of n.m.r. data on protein mobility depends critically on the availability of individual resonance assignments. This is followed up in a third part, which briefly recounts a recently proposed, systematic approach by two-dimensional n.m.r. spectroscopy for obtaining individual assignments of proton resonances in proteins. PMID- 7039620 TI - Rotational and lateral movements in biomembranes: the dynamics of biomembrane components. PMID- 7039622 TI - Rotational diffusion of membrane proteins: measurements with bacteriorhodopsin, band-3 proteins and erythrocyte oligosaccharides. AB - Rotational diffusion of membrane proteins may be measured by detecting flash induced transient dichroism of triplet probes or intrinsic chromophores. The method is illustrated by the following applications. 1. Anisotropy decay curves have been measured for bacteriorhodopsin incorporated into lipid vesicles. The data are used to critically test a theoretical model in which it is assumed that protein rotation occurs only around the membrane normal. 2. Rotational diffusion of eosin-labelled band-3 proteins in the human erythrocyte membrane has been investigated. The measurements illustrate the value of protein rotation measurements for studying protein-protein associations in membranes. In particular, it is shown that up to 40% of band-3 protein has a restricted mobility at 37 degrees C due to interaction with the erythrocyte cytoskeleton. 3. Oligosaccharide chains on the surface of human erythrocytes have been labelled with eosin-TSC. The motion of these chains has been investigated by combining transient dichroism studies in the microsecond time range with picosecond fluorescent depolarization measurements. PMID- 7039624 TI - Protein transport across membranes: an introduction. AB - A characteristic feature of all cells is the transport of proteins across membranes. Biochemical studies with isolated subcellular components have revealed two types of proteins transport: co-translational, in which transport and synthesis are simultaneous, and post-translational, where transport occurs after the protein has been released form the ribosomes. Both types of transport involve interactions between particular regions of the protein and the membrane to be traversed. The details of this interaction are obscure. This review introduces the subject with emphasis on genetic studies with bacteria and biochemical studies with isolated chloroplasts. PMID- 7039623 TI - Molecular mobility on the cell surface. AB - Many measurements of lateral diffusion of proteins and lipids on cell membranes and lipid model membranes have become available through application of fluorescence photobleaching recovery methods. A puzzling aspect of these results is slow diffusion and partial immobilization of protein molecules on the cell surface. Observed protein diffusion coefficients on vertebrate structural tissue cells are consistently D less than or equal to 10(-10) cm2/s, while lipid analogues diffuse with D approx. 10(-8) cm2/s. Substantial fractions of the cell membrane proteins are not diffusible. In a pure viscous membrane, theoretical fluid dynamics has suggested only small differences between lipid and protein diffusion coefficients. Measurements of protein diffusion in model membranes recently showed D less than or equal to 10(-9) cm2/s, as expected. Recent experiments on cell membranes show that uncoupling of the membrane from the cytoskeleton by formation of blebs releases the membrane protein molecules so that diffusion is enhanced to D greater than or equal to 10(-9) cm2/s and the non diffusible fraction is eliminated. PMID- 7039626 TI - Models for transmembrane translocation of proteins. AB - Various models for the transmembrane translocation of secreted and membrane spanning proteins are reviewed in the light of available experimental data. Particular emphasis is placed on the crucial distinction between models where the protein passes through a hydrophilic 'tunnel' through the membrane, and models where translocation takes place through the non-polar intramembranous environment. It is concluded that rather simple reasoning in terms of a protein's behaviour in polar versus non-polar milieux apparently can tell us quite a lot about the process of translocation. PMID- 7039625 TI - The signal peptide and its role in membrane penetration. PMID- 7039627 TI - Rapid motions in protein molecules. AB - Rapid motions of protein molecules can be detected by optical techniques that exploit short light pulses. Nanosecond fluorescence polarization studies have shown that whole domains of proteins such as immunoglobin G and myosin can rotate over an appreciable angular range of times of nanoseconds. This type of motion, called segmental flexibility, may be characteristic of many large proteins and molecular assemblies. Time-resolved fluorescence polarization studies have also demonstrated that internal tryptophan residues in some proteins, such as azurin, are quite flexible in the subnanosecond time range. Vary rapid conformational transitions of chromophoric groups can also be viewed by resonance Raman spectroscopy, which displays vibrations that are coupled to electronic transitions. In these experiments, intense light pulses are used to trigger a change in a photolabile molecule. The resonance Raman spectrum of rhodopsin photolysed by a 30 ps pulse from a Nd:YAG laser exhibits lines that are characteristic of a distorted all-trans retinal chromophore. This finding suggest that much of the cis-trans isomerization of retinal is accomplished within a few picoseconds of the absorption of a photon by rhodopsin. The emerging picture is that proteins can be designed by nature to allow very rapid motions of selected regions. PMID- 7039628 TI - The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. A precautionary note. PMID- 7039629 TI - Association between endogenously activated T cells and immunoglobulin-secreting B cells in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by increased numbers of circulating B cells activated polyclonally to secrete immunoglobulin. Because T cells secrete, or shed, various factors that are functionally important in regulating immunoglobulin production by B cells, a reverse hemolytic plaque assay was developed to quantitate such activated T cells. In this technique, we used a rabbit antiserum raised to supernatants of concanavalin-A--stimulated human lymphocytes. The relevant antigenic specificity of this antiserum is directed toward the shed surface membrane determinant(s) preferentially expressed on activated T cells. Freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 14 SLE patients contained more than 10 times the number of endogenously activated T cells than cells from normal subjects. Within the SLE group, plaque-forming T cells were particularly increased in patients with active disease. By linear regression analysis, a significant positive correlation was revealed between such activated T cells and immunoglobulin-secreting B cells, also measured by a reverse plaque assay (r = 0.83). It appears that both activated B cells and T cells circulate in increased numbers in SLE. Additional investigation will be required to define the molecular nature of the T cell product(s) being measured and to clarify the relationship of these findings to the immunoregulatory abnormalities in this disorder. PMID- 7039630 TI - Type II collagen-induced auricular chondritis. AB - Sensitization to type II collagen induced inflammatory destruction of elastic ear cartilage, as well as arthritis, in Sprague-Dawley rats. This auricular lesion morphologically resembled relapsing polychondritis in humans. Moreover, in the experimental model, as has been reported in human disease, extraarticular chondritis occurred in the context of immunologic sensitivity to native type II collagen. These similarities suggest that type II collagen-induced auricular chondritis may provide insights about the pathogenesis of relapsing polychondritis. PMID- 7039631 TI - Blood viscosity and red cell deformability after aspirin in vivo. A double-blind controlled trial. PMID- 7039632 TI - Intraperitoneal insulin in the diabetic continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patient - nursing management. PMID- 7039633 TI - Steroid induced diabetes post transplantation. PMID- 7039634 TI - Renovascular surgery and renal autotransplantation in Puerto Rico. PMID- 7039636 TI - [New classification for diabetes mellitus and other types of glucose intolerance]. PMID- 7039637 TI - History and design of artificial heart valves. PMID- 7039635 TI - [Prevalence and periodicity of Bancroft's filaria in diurnal blood from the population of Batey Ocho (Central Barahona), Dominican Republic]. PMID- 7039638 TI - [Advantages of spectrophotometric reading of ELISA plates for determination of the HBs/anti-HB system]. AB - It has been tested some diluted HBsAg and anti-HBs positive sera by modified ELISA test. We have found a correlation between HBsAg titer and spectrophotometric reading value and we have shown it in a curve. On the other hand, by neutralization of different dilutions of a RIA anti-HBs positive serum with different dilutions of a HBsAg positive serum we have carried out a checkboard and we have found that the best titer for neutralizing HBsAg is 30 ng/ml. This HBsAg has been called "standard". Using HBsAg "standard" we have tested 50 sera of hemophiliacs and we have found 1 HBsAg positive (2%) and 38 anti-HBs positive patients (76%). PMID- 7039639 TI - [Relations between the blood insulin response and kalemia during the glucose tolerance test]. PMID- 7039640 TI - [Anatomic demonstration of axon collaterals of the periaqueductal gray formation and the ventrobasal thalamic nuclei of both sides]. AB - In 4 adult cats the left and right thalamic nucleus VPM have been injected with fluorescent substances, Evans Blue and Fast Blue in order to ascertain whether PAG cells send bifurcated axons to the thalamic nuclei of both sides. The results confirm previous studies on the PAG-VPM connections performed in this laboratory by using HRP technique, and demonstrate, within the PAG, the presence of a good number of double-labeled cells (stained by both E.B. and F.B.) intermingled with single-labeled cells, stained either by E.B. or F.B. The double-labeled cells might represent the anatomical substrate of a possible bilateral analgesic mechanism in the trigeminal region. PMID- 7039641 TI - [Comparative effect of SQ 14225 and propranolol in mild and moderate arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7039642 TI - Dental Strategy Review Group: dental hygienists. PMID- 7039644 TI - Effects of extradural analgesia and vagal blockade on the metabolic and endocrine response to upper abdominal surgery. AB - The effect of thoracic extradural analgesia and vagal blockade on the metabolic and endocrine responses to cholecystectomy was investigated. In comparison with a control group of patients, extradural analgesia and vagal blockade abolished the glycaemic response but had no effect on the increase in plasma cortisol. Circulating insulin values were significantly decreased in the extradural group of patients, confirming the importance of autonomic innervation in maintaining basal insulin output. there is, at present, no satisfactory local analgesic technique for controlling the endocrine response to upper abdominal surgery. PMID- 7039643 TI - Controlled comparison of I.M. morphine and buprenorphine for analgesia after abdominal surgery. AB - In a double-blind randomized non-crossover trial 47 patients received either morphine or buprenorphine by regular i.m. injection for 24 h after abdominal surgery. The two drugs were equally effective as analgesics at the doses used. Five in the buprenorphine group and none in the morphine group were excluded because of respiratory depression. Four of these had received opiates during operation. The remainder of the buprenorphine group developed progressively slower respiration rates after 12 h. The results indicate that buprenorphine has a synergistic respiratory depressant effect with fentanyl and phenoperidine and may have a cumulative effect when given regularly on a 6-hourly regimen. PMID- 7039645 TI - Postoperative glucose tolerance during extradural analgesia. AB - Thirteen patients undergoing lower abdominal gynaecological surgery were allocated to general anaesthesia (halothane and nitrous oxide) or general anaesthesia plus extradural analgesia (T8-S5). I.v. glucose tolerance tests were performed on the day before surgery and 8 h after skin incision. All patients having extradural analgesia (T8) were pain-free following surgery. Extradural analgesia blocked the hyperglycaemic response to surgery but not the late postoperative cortisol response, although values were significantly less than in the group receiving general anaesthesia alone. Impairment of glucose tolerance and of insulin response to the glucose load in the period after operation were not influenced by extradural analgesia and this may have resulted from insufficient inhibition of the stress-induced release of catecholamines or cortisol, or both, or from blockade of stimulatory efferent sympathetic pathways to pancreatic islets. PMID- 7039646 TI - A controlled trial of extradural fentanyl in labour. AB - In a double-blind trial carried out on patients in the first stage of labour, either fentanyl 80 micrograms (n = 35) or physiological saline (n = 33) was added to the test dose of bupivacaine and administered extradurally. Thereafter analgesia was maintained as necessary with 0.5% bupivacaine alone. Supplementary bupivacaine (a further dose within 1 h) was required to produce satisfactory analgesia in eight patients in the fentanyl group and in 26 patients in the control group. Analgesia was more rapid in onset and more complete in the fentanyl group, and the duration from first dose to first top-up was 2.36 h, compared with 1.66 h (supplements notwithstanding) in the control group. No serious side-effects were encountered in either group, although eight patients in the fentanyl group experienced mild itching, compared with one in the control group. PMID- 7039647 TI - Thirty years of drugs for hypertension: a festschrift for Sir John McMichael. PMID- 7039648 TI - The veterans trial and sequelae. PMID- 7039649 TI - The problem of treatment in mild hypertension. PMID- 7039650 TI - Alteration of the immune reactions by whole-body and local microwave hyperthermia in normal and tumour-bearing animals: review of own 1976-1980 experiments. PMID- 7039651 TI - Resonant-like dependence of yeast growth rate on microwave frequencies. PMID- 7039652 TI - Treatment of superficial human cancerous nodules by local ultrasound hyperthermia. PMID- 7039653 TI - Ultrasound and electromagnetic radiation in hyperthermia--a historical perspective. AB - An account is given of the historical developments of ultrashortwave, microwave and ultrasonic diathermy techniques, for which bio-physical and bio-engineering principles were developed mainly after the Second World War. Topics included in this survey are: electric and acoustic properties of tissues, penetration depth and focusing ability for ultrasound (US) and electro-magnetic (EM) radiations, heat deposition patterns in complex tissue layers, hot-spot formation, temperature elevations in local areas of elevated heat deposition (SAR), and thermoregulatory responses. The present possibilities of placing spatially defined increases in temperature in tissue by either ultrasound or radio frequency radiation are summarized. PMID- 7039654 TI - Time course of cellular distribution of endotoxin in liver, lungs and kidneys of rats. AB - The time course of distribution of 2 endotoxic lipopolysaccharides (LPS), S. abortus equi (S form) and S. minnesota R 595 (R form, Re), in liver, lungs and kidneys was studied by the immunoperoxidase method in rats. After its uptake in the liver, both LPS were first detectable in Kupffer cells and granulocytes, the R form also in hepatocytes. A redistribution of the S-form LPS from Kupffer cells to hepatocytes was observed on Day 3 after injection. The detectability of both LPS was lost between Days 5 and 9 after injection. In the lungs both LPS were detectable later than in the liver. Here the LPS were also found in alveolar and bronchiolar macrophages, which shows that they can also be eliminated through this organ. The kidneys remained essentially free of LPS, small amounts being detectable here only in the first 24 h. PMID- 7039655 TI - Immunofluorescent localization of type IV collagen and laminin in human skin and its application in junctional zone pathology. AB - Purified antibodies against type IV collagen and laminin were used ot localize basement membranes by indirect immunofluorescence in various anatomical regions of normal and diseased human skin. The two proteins showed extensive codistribution. A continuous linear staining was found along the epidermal-dermal junction and around hair follicles, sebaceous gland acini and small capillaries. The same proteins also surrounded individual cells such as those found in vessels, hair erector muscles and subcutaneous tissue. Blister formation in bullous pemphigoi left type IV collagen and laminin on the floor of the blister, while the bullous pemphigoid antigen as detected by human autoantibodies was found on both sides of the blister. In solid basal cell carcinoma a strong staining was found around all tumour islands as well as focally within the cell clusters. This suggests that the tumour cells produce these basement membrane proteins but have lost, at least in part, control of polar deposition. PMID- 7039656 TI - Immunofluorescent localization of antithrombin III in human skin. AB - The presence in clinically normal human skin of the proteinase inhibitor antithrombin III (ATIII) has been studied by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy. The IF staining reaction for ATIII in skin tissue sections was most prominent in vessel wall structures. The simultaneous use of fluorescent staining techniques for nuclear DNA revealed that ATIII antigen tends to be concentrated at the level of the vascular endothelial basement membrane, in contrast to the typical intra-endothelial distribution of Factor VIII related antigen. Although our findings indicate that ATIII is normally associated with dermal vessel walls, it remains to be seen whether its presence there is of importance, e.g. in modulating inflammatory skin responses. PMID- 7039657 TI - Thymic hypoplasia, auto-immune haemolytic anaemia and juvenile pemphigoid in an infant. AB - A female infant developed auto-immune haemolytic anaemia and juvenile pemphigoid, and died at the age of 10 months. Autopsy showed evidence of thymic hypoplasia and T lymphocyte deficiency. It was concluded that the two rare auto-immune diseases occurring in this child probably resulted from a lack of T cell regulation of antibody-producing B lymphocytes. PMID- 7039658 TI - Thick skin and stiff joints in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7039659 TI - Failure of colchicine for palmo-plantar pustulosis. PMID- 7039660 TI - Leucocyte depleted blood: an appraisal of available techniques. PMID- 7039661 TI - A technique for rapid isolation of bone marrow mononuclear cells using Ficoll Metrizoate and the IBM 2991 blood cell processor. AB - Marrow from seven normal donors and patients has been layered onto Ficoll Metrizoate (FM) under pressure in the IBM 2991 blood cell processor to isolate the mononuclear cell (MNC) population prior to allogeneic transplantation or cryopreservation. This separation method, which takes less than 90 min, is a further development since our previous report detailing the use of the IBM 2991 to produce a concentrated marrow 'buffy coat' for infusion (Gilmore & Prentice, 1981). By adding FM to the system, marrow stem cells are further concentrated in a small volume with removal of unwanted granulocytes and red blood cells. This facilitates in in vitro treatment of marrow with monoclonal antibodies (Granger et al. 1982) or drugs, for either the selective elimination of malignant cells prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT), or T lymphocytes in an attempt to prevent graft versus host disease (GvHD) in allogeneic BMT. Five of the seven marrows processed by this procedure have thus far been infused into lethally irradiated recipients with engraftment (allogeneic); the other two marrows have been cryopreserved. PMID- 7039663 TI - A randomized controlled trial of complete bed rest versus ambulation in the management of proteinuric hypertension during pregnancy. AB - Forty patients participated in a randomized controlled trial of complete bed rest versus ambulation as desired in the management of proteinuric hypertension during pregnancy. Daily increases in serum human placental lactogen and oestriol concentrations were greater in the rested group. An especially 'at risk' group of 10 patients with both hyperuricaemia and severe fetal growth retardation was identified. Strict confinement to bed in these cases seemed to encourage the development of the premonitory symptoms of eclampsia, but was associated with a better prognosis for the fetus. PMID- 7039664 TI - Amine oxidases and pregnancy. PMID- 7039662 TI - Health implications of exposure to radiofrequency/microwave energies. PMID- 7039665 TI - Traumatic wound dehiscence following penetrating keratoplasty. AB - Four young male patients with keratoconus had traumatic dehiscence of the surgical wound after penetrating keratoplasty. Two were rendered aphakic by the trauma, and in one patient the lens was dislocated posteriorly. In each case the dehiscence was repaired by resuturing the original corneal graft. Despite marked corneal oedema in the immediate postoperative period all four grafts deturgesced and subsequently cleared. The follow-up has been a minimum of 23 months. We recommend therefore primary resuturing of traumatic wound dehiscence after keratoplasty, anterior vitrectomy if the lens dislodged, and prophylactic antibiotics postoperatively. The clearing of the initially oedematous grafts in each case illustrates the resilience of the corneal endothelium. PMID- 7039668 TI - Prosthetic treatment of patients after bone grafting procedures. PMID- 7039667 TI - Adrenaline 1% combined with guanethidine 1% versus adrenaline 1%: a randomised prospective double-blind cross-over study. AB - The hypotensive effect of a combination of guanethidine 1% with adrenaline 1% was compared with adrenaline 1% alone on the eyes of 20 patients with ocular hypertension in a randomised double-blind cross-over trial. The patients received 8 weeks of treatment with each preparation. A significant increase in the hypotensive effect was found by adding guanethidine 1% to adrenaline 1%. This hypotensive effect was maintained over the 8-week period of the trial. PMID- 7039666 TI - Dose response of oral timolol combined with adrenaline. AB - Oral timolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, was given in 5 different doses from 5 mg to 30 mg a day to 12 healthy volunteers in a double-blind cross-over trial. Adrenaline was instilled into one eye in each subject. Recording of intraocular pressure during the trial suggested the presence of a dose-response relationship between the dose of timolol and the decrease of intraocular pressure. An analysis of the interaction of timolol and adrenaline showed that the adrenaline effect diminished linearly with increasing timolol dose, which finally made the combination less effective than timolol alone. PMID- 7039669 TI - Recurrence of a myxoma in a costochondral graft. PMID- 7039670 TI - Distribution and changes in urease (EC 3.5.1.5) activity in Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec). AB - 1. The Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec) was used in a series of long-term experiments to study the distribution and changes of urease (EC 3.5.1.5) activity in a heterogeneous fermentation system. 2. It was shown that in Rusitec the high urease activity from the inoculum decreased to low values, that the rate of decrease was consistent with simple dilution of ureolytic micro-organisms and that the urease activity could be restored to original values by infusion of urea into the reaction vessels. The magnitude of this urease activity was a direct function of the amounts of urea infused. Single daily additions of the same or greater amounts of urea in food or as solid failed to increase the urease activity significantly. 3. In general, urease activity increased 2-6 h after feeding and the increases were greater with roughage diets. 4. The ureolytic activity per unit volume was always higher in compartment 2(space occupied by micro-organisms that are loosely associated with the solid) than in compartment 1 (strained rumen contents) or compartment 3 (space occupied by microbial population that cannot be washed out of the solid matrix). 5. The distribution of urease activity between the compartments was different from the distribution of certain other enzymes (e.g. protease and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1)). 6. Apart from the boundary region, the concentrations of urease, ammonia and volatile fatty acids in compartment 2 were constant, while the concentrations of protein, DNA and another enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) increased with the depth of the compartment. Specific urease activity (per unit weight of protein or DNA) was much higher in compartment 1 than in compartment 2 and it decreased markedly with depth of compartment. 7. The concentrations of ammonia were always much higher in the solid matrix (compartments 2 and 3) than in the free suspension of micro-organisms (compartment 1). There was a linear relation between these two quantities. 8. The results are discussed in relation to published work on the entry and metabolism of urea in the rumen. PMID- 7039671 TI - The protein synthesis inhibitor thermorubin. 1. Nature of the thermorubin ribosome complex. PMID- 7039672 TI - The protein synthesis inhibitor thermorubin. 2. Mechanism of inhibition of initiation on Escherichia coli ribosomes. PMID- 7039673 TI - The transport of cations in mitochondria. AB - The present paper has reviewed several factors related to ion transport and examined the properties of cation transport in mitochondria. The analysis suggests that: (1) The concept that a metabolically dependent electrical potential across the mitochondrial membrane plays a role in determining ion fluxes and steady-state concentrations is not justified and the data indicate that such exchanges are generally electroneutral. (2) Generally, the influx and efflux of an ion proceed by the same mechanism with at least one exception. (3) There are indications that some of the steps in transport are common to several cations. (4) The idea that carrier or ionophoric molecules are involved in cation transport has been examined in some detail together with the possible involvement of some known mitochondrial components. In particular, a model has been introduced in which local charge imbalances produced by H+ fluxes serve as the driving force of transport. The molecules of the complex are arranged in series in a tripartite arrangement including a filter or gate, a nonselective channel and an H+-transferring portion linked to either electron transport or the ATPase. Parts of this model have been introduced by other investigators. Models in which different portions of channels have differing functions have been proposed previously for other transport systems. PMID- 7039674 TI - The interaction of highly active uncouplers with mitochondria. PMID- 7039675 TI - Role of calcium in the hormonal regulation of liver metabolism. PMID- 7039676 TI - The plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular structure and asymmetry. AB - The molecular structure of the plasma membrane of the haploid strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae X-2180 1 A has been studied by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Protein and glycoprotein components have been identified and their apparent Mr determined. A glycoprotein showing an apparent Mr of 27500 has been shown to be the main structural component. Treatment of the cells with cycloheximide prior to plasma membrane isolation resulted in a redistribution of the relative amounts of each protein band and a drastic reduction in the number of Schiff positive bands. It is postulated that treatment with this drug rids the plasma membrane of glycoprotein secretory components which are in the process of being secreted to the periplasmic space, thus allowing the study of the basic structural components of the organelle. The electrophoretic pattern of the internal membranes revealed close similarities with that of the plasma membrane and though two-dimensional electrophoresis might disclose greater differences, these similarities suggest a common origin for most of the components of both membranous systems. Finally, radioiodination techniques, have been used in studying the asymmetric disposition of some of the components of the plasma membrane. At least five polypeptides were identified as located to the outer layer of the plasma membrane and two more glycopeptides were shown to span across the bilayer. PMID- 7039677 TI - Some characteristics of tetraphenylphosphonium uptake into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The characteristics of the uptake of the lipophilic cation tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) into Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been investigated in order to establish whether this compound can be used to monitor the membrane potential of his organism. Unlike dibenzyldimethylammonium, TPP+ is not translocated via the thiamine transport system, nor via another inducible translocation mechanism. On changing the experimental conditions the equilibrium potential of TPP+ varies according to expected changes of the membrane potential. TPP+ accumulation is higher in metabolizing cells than in non-metabolizing cells. In addition, decreasing the medium pH, addition of the proton conductor 2,4-dinitrophenol and addition of K+ all cause an apparent depolarization, whereas Ca2+ apparently hyperpolarizes the cell membrane. It is concluded that TPP+, if applied at low concentrations, can be used to measure the membrane potential of S. cerevisiae. PMID- 7039678 TI - Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins are distributed in the membrane independently from basal ends of bacterial flagella. AB - Chemotactic behavior of Escherichia coli involves communication between methyl accepting chemotaxis proteins and basal ends, the rotary motors of bacterial flagella. Both the proteins and the basal ends are embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane, but the spatial relationship between the two has not been determined. This communication describes a procedure for obtaining a preparation of membrane vesicles enriched in basal ends and thus in the regions of membrane immediately surrounding them. Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins were neither enriched nor depleted in this membrane fraction but instead were distributed throughout the membrane. Thus functional linkages between these proteins and flagellar motors must be mediated by processes other than direct physical interaction. PMID- 7039679 TI - A transcriptionally active plasmid-protein complex isolated from Escherichia coli. AB - A stable transcriptionally active plasmid-protein complex has been isolated in high yield from Escherichia coli containing the thermally-inducible plasmid pKN 402A. The complexes which have a protein/DNA weight ratio of approx. 1 contain more than 11 polypeptide species. The weight percents of the three known proteins in the complex H1, RNA polymerase and HU, are 23, 23 and 5%, respectively. In vitro RNA synthesis by this complex proceeds for several hours and is inhibited by rifampicin and actinomycin to 33 and 98%, respectively, suggesting that most of the observed nucleotide incorporation is due to elongation of preinitiated RNA chains. Exogenous E. coli RNA polymerase but not exogenous DNA stimulates the in vitro transcription indicating that RNA polymerase is limiting and binds tightly to the plasmid. Stimulation of the in vitro transcription by the addition of exogenous E. coli core polymerase suggests that sigma subunit may be released in the RNA synthesis. This transcriptionally active complex should prove to be useful to study the mechanism of transcription and regulation in vivo. PMID- 7039680 TI - Inhibition of DNA polymerase by captan. AB - Captan inhibits DNA polymerases of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic sources. When polymerases were employed in assays with various nucleotides as template-primer, no specificity in the base sequence of polynucleotide was required for inhibition. Sucrose gradient centrifugation and preincubation studies showed the inhibition was caused by an irreversible alteration of the polymerase. Captan and DNA compete for the same site on the polymerase, thus DNA can serve a protective role in the elimination of captan's action. The pyrophosphate exchange activity associated with the polymerase is not inhibited by captan and the fidelity with which DNa polymerase I copies the DNA template also is not altered by captan treatment. PMID- 7039681 TI - Selective inhibition of lysosomal protein degradation by the thiol proteinase inhibitors E-64, Ep-459 and Ep-457 in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - The effects on protein degradation of the thiol proteinase inhibitor E-64 of fungal original, and its two synthetic analogs Ep-459 and Ep-475, were examined, using isolated rat hepatocytes. All three inhibitors were found to act selectively on lysosomal protein degradation. i.e., their effects were not additive to the lysosomotropic weak base propylamine. Such weak bases appear to be relatively complete and selective inhibitors of lysosomal protein degradation. Ep-475 and E-64 were found to be the most potent of the three, inhibiting as much as 50% of the total degradation (i.e., approx. 70% of the lysosomal degradation) at concentrations at which they did not disturb protein synthesis. Their lack of additivity to the lysosomotropic weak base propylamine further testifies to the usefulness of weak bases differentiating between lysosomal and non-lysosomal protein degradation. PMID- 7039682 TI - Partial purification and comparison of some properties of L-serine sulfhydro lyase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - In order to ascertain the role of L-serine sulfhydro-lyase (L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine) EC 4.2.1.22) which also catalyzes sulfhydrylation of O acetyl-L-serine (Yamagata, S. (1981) J. Bacteriol. 147, 688-690), the enzyme was partially purified from a wild-type strain and three cysteine auxotrophs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the molecular and enzymatic properties of these preparations were compared. The results showed no significant difference in properties investigated, indicating that cysteine synthesis is exclusively performed in this organism through sulfhydrylation of O-acetyl-L-serine, catalyzed not by serine sulfhydro-lyase but by O-acetylserine . O acetylhomoserine sulfhydro-lyase (Yamagata, S., Takeshima, K. and Naiki, N. (1974) J. Biochem. 75, 1221-1229). Insensitivity of the former enzyme to L methionine also supported this conclusion. PMID- 7039683 TI - Characteristics of membrane-bound and soluble forms of xanthine oxidase from milk and endothelial cells of capillaries. AB - Xanthine oxidase (xanthine:O2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.3.2) was purified from bovine milk lipid globules to electrophoretic homogeneity (Mr 155,000) and antibodies were raised against it in rabbits. By immunolocalization techniques, the xanthine oxidase antigen was detected in milk lipid globules and mammary gland epithelium, but also in capillary endothelium from various tissues, including liver, lung and intestine. These findings were paralleled by measurements of xanthine oxidase activities in the tissues, both in a membrane associated and a soluble form. Addition of hypoxanthine to fractions containing native xanthine oxidase did not promote lipid peroxidation, in contrast to the widely used in vitro system for lipid peroxidation which involves addition of xanthine oxidase preparations. Extraction with buffers of high ionic strength and with nonionic detergents removed only part of the enzyme from the membranes. Immunoprecipitates from the soluble supernatant fractions, using anti-xanthine oxidase IgG, were enriched in the Mr 155,000 polypeptide. Patterns of proteolytic cleavage products of the xanthine oxidase monomer from capillaries and milk lipid globules were similar but not identical. Immunoprecipitates from soluble fractions of milk lipid globules and tissues were enriched in both xanthine oxidase and NADH-cytochrome c reductase activities. Electrophoretic separation of proteins from milk lipid globule membranes under non-denaturing conditions revealed a close correlation of xanthine oxidase and part of the NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity, but showed different activity profiles of NADH-ferricyanide reductase and xanthine oxidase. PMID- 7039685 TI - Degraded and stable phosphatidylglycerol in Escherichia coli inner and outer membranes, and recycling of fatty acyl residues. AB - The metabolic fate of membrane phospholipids in exponentially growing Escherichia coli was reexamined by incorporation and chase of labeled precursors: [32P]phosphate, [2-3H]glycerol and 3H-labeled fatty acids. It was found that the well-known turnover of phosphatidylglycerol lasted only about two generation times; after which period, the remaining labeled phosphatidylglycerol, approximately one-third of the total, was stable for at least the subsequent two generation times. The location of the stable phosphatidylglycerol pool remaining after the turnover in the outer and inner membrane was investigated. Both envelopes were found to contain stable phosphatidylglycerol so that the existence of a stable portion cannot be ascribed to its exclusive location in one leaflet. In some experiments, a small loss of labeled phosphatidylethanolamine was also observed, and upon fractionation this was found to occur exclusively in the outer membrane. [32P]Phosphate and [2-3H]glycerol labels of the degraded phospholipids were lost from lipid-soluble material, whereas labeled fatty acid, palmitate or oleate was reincorporated into newly synthesized phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, so that total fatty acid label remained constant in (membrane) phospholipid during chase. In view of the amount of glycerol lost, the recycling of the fatty acids under the form of diacylglycerols to phosphatidic acid does not appear to be the predominant pathway of reincorporation. After double labeling with [32P]phosphate and [3H]palmitate, followed by chase, a complete balance sheet of loss and reincorporation of fatty acid, in the three phospholipids, in the two envelopes could be established. Results indicate that fatty acid was reincorporated essentially in the inner membrane phospholipids. Movements of phospholipids and of fatty acids from one membrane to another and in the plane of each layer are discussed in the light of the results. PMID- 7039684 TI - A comparison of the physicochemical properties of renins from the uterus and kidney of pregnant rabbit. AB - Renin from rabbit kidney and uterus was extracted and purified by combined gel filtration, affinity chromatography and preparative isoelectric focusing; specific activities were determined by radioimmunoassay methods. The characterization was carried out by molecular weight determinations, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analytical isoelectric focusing. A single form of renin was obtained from kidney extracts (purification 87 000-fold). From uterine extracts, however, four fractions were separated (purification 94 000; 30 000; 47 000; 187 000-fold, respectively). These fractions possess the same molecular weight but differences in electrophoretic mobilities and in isoelectric points were observed. Only one uterine fraction was coincident with the renal fraction. The uterine enzyme possesses a higher specific activity. It must be regarded as a local product of the uterine wall with a molecular configuration different from that of the renal renin. PMID- 7039686 TI - [Systems of H+ K+ ion exchange in E. coli]. AB - Membrane potentials in bacteria E. coli have been estimated by means of electrodes for determination of activity of tetraphenilphosphonium ions in the medium. The strain E. coli K12 (lambda), TK 509, AN 120 and AN 382 indicate the membrane potential (delta psi) of -125 mV in the salt solution without glucose (2 mM KCl, tris-phosphate buffer, pH 7.5). The delta psi of the first three strains include that N,N1--dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD)--sensitive part (20--25 mV) that has not been detected in the strain AN 382 (F0 is resistant to DCCD). This component of delta psi eliminated by (alpha K+)0 equal to 30 mM or pH 5.0, is assumed to be produced by activity of the channel F0 deprived of its enzyme F1. Addition of glucose in the medium leads to the short-lasting (2--5 min) increase in the delta psi from 125 to 145 mV in E. coli K12 (lambda). This energy dependent extra potential is actuated only through increasing external osmolarity and does not occur after decreasing that or application of DCCD as well. The extra delta psi was not recognized in the strains TK 509 and AN 120. The results confirm the hypothesis of the energy-dependent potassium accumulation in glycolysing bacteria being not in need of ATP and delta muH+ but requiring in operation of F1 . F0. PMID- 7039687 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of glucose-induced insulin release. Thiol: disulfide balance in pancreatic islets. AB - An increase in the production rate of reduced pyridine nucleotides is currently considered as a coupling factor between metabolic and distal events in the process of glucose-stimulated insulin release. The possible participation in such a coupling of thiol: disulfide interchanges was investigated in rat pancreatic islets. NADPH-dependent glutathione reductase and glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase activities were present in islet homogenates, whereas no glutathione peroxidase activity could be detected. In intact islets, glucose (16.7 mM) augmented both the GSH/GSSG ratio (from a basal value of 6.7 +/- 0.6 to 8.4 +/- 0.4) and the tissue content of sulphydryl groups (from a basal value of 119 +/- 7 to 170 +/- 9 pmol/microgram protein). The latter effect was mimicked by D-glyceraldehyde, 2-ketoisocaproate, anoxia and KCN; it failed to be reproduced by L-glucose or D-fructose, was unaffected by theophylline, and was inhibited by D-mannoheptulose, iodoacetate, menadione, cytochalasin B and the absence of extracellular Ca2+. These findings support the view that a glucose-induced reduction of disulphide bridges to sulphydryl groups participates in the stimulus secretion coupling of nutrient-induced insulin release. PMID- 7039688 TI - Effects of whole-body gamma irradiation on oxygen transport by rat erythrocytes. AB - In this work, we studied the influence of whole-body gamma irradiation (8 Gy) upon oxygen transport by erythrocytes, through the erythrocyte count and related parameters, and through the factors affecting the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. The oxygen affinity of hemoglobin is increased from day D + 5 after irradiation, and a severe erythropenia develops from day D + 8. These modifications probably result in tissue hypoxia via diminished oxygen transport from lungs to tissues, and decreased oxygen release from oxyhemoglobin in tissues. PMID- 7039689 TI - The hierarchical approach to the DNA stability problem. II. Some applications and speculations with yeast mitochondrial DNA as an example. AB - As discussed in the preceding article [1] hierarchical analysis of DNA sequences should make it possible to treat complex unfolding (and refolding) processes involving both equilibrium and non-equilibrium subtransitions. Hence a variety of actual experimental situations may be analyzed. This is demonstrated with the help of a 1950 bp yeast mitochondrial DNA sequence encompassing part of the 21S ribosomal RNA gene: excellent fit of complex denaturation and renaturation profiles is achieved with only two adjustable parameters. The advantage of dealing with objectively defined stability units is also apparent when stability profiles are compared to known functional maps: striking correlations may be brought out and their possible significance is briefly discussed. PMID- 7039691 TI - The hierarchical approach to the DNA stability problem. I. Patterns in non equilibrium denaturation and renaturation. AB - As proposed by Azbel (Phys. Rev. Letters, 1973, 31, 589-592), DNA sequences may be uniquely divided into embedded segments with different lengths and stabilities, each of them a potential denaturation unit. This "hierarchical" approach to the DNA stability problem was originally devised for the analysis of equilibria situations. We have extended it to deal quantitatively with various locally irreversible denaturation/renaturation processes that play a leading part in most actual experiments. Special emphasis is placed on (1) describing and delimiting major experimental domains with respect to reversibility/irreversibility, and (2) the quantitative treatment of bidirectional denaturation processes which are shown to lend themselves to an original, hierarchical analysis. PMID- 7039692 TI - [Stabilization of delta mu H+ in Escherichia coli upon K+ and Na+ transmembrane gradient dissipation]. AB - The role of Na+/K+ gradients as a stabilizing factor for the energetics of bacterial cell has been evaluated. It was shown that in the presence of a Na+/K+ gradient across the membrane the cells of the unc mutant of E. coli retain their motility for some time under anaerobic conditions. This time coincides with that of dissipation of the K+ gradient by the bacteria during the anaerobiosis. A switch-off of the generator (respiration) entails a collapse of the membrane potential (delta psi). The anaerobiosis-induced efflux of K+ from the cells is uncoupler-stimulated, thus suggesting that the K+ efflux has an electrogenic nature and stabilizes delta psi. The use of valinomycin allowed to establish a correlation between the rate of K+ efflux, the delta psi value and the rate of bacterial motion under anaerobic conditions. After the onset of anaerobiosis the level of delta psi decreases faster as the concentration of extracellular K+ increases. It was shown that the capacity of the K+ gradient as te delta psi buffer depends on the pH of the medium and that artificial Na+ gradient can energize the E. coli cells by Na+/K+ exchange. PMID- 7039690 TI - [Recent data on the mechanism of action of synthetic antiestrogens]. AB - Synthetic antiestrogens such as Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) are currently used to treat postmenopausal breast cancer. Their mechanism of action is reviewed at the cellular and molecular level, through data of the literature and the current view of the author. Synthetic antiestrogens are mostly acting directly on breast cancer cells by interacting with the estrogen receptor (RE). They prevent estrogen action by competing with estrogens on the cytosol RE. The resulting complex is partially activated resulting in its nuclear localisation and a partial and dissociated stimulation of the expression of estrogen responsive genes. The explanation of the antitumoral effect of these drugs is more controversial, since the regulation of cell proliferation is not only due to estrogens but also to other hormones and factors. The antiestrogens can therefore block cancer cell growth by inhibiting estrogen action, or by a RE medicated cytotoxic effect and/or by any other mechanism involving indirect effects, or binding to other proteins than the RE. PMID- 7039693 TI - [Properties of 5-phosphoryl-1-pyrophosphate amidotransferase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild type and mutant with altered purine biosynthesis regulation]. AB - The properties of partially purified 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate amidotransferase (EC 2.4.2.14) from S. cerevisiae 15V-P4 wild type and mutant aza 165 were studied. The latter is characterized by a higher sensitively of de novo purine synthesis to the inhibitory effect of exogenous guanine. Both enzymes were stable to short-term heating at 60 degrees. The rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction was dependent on the enzyme and substrate concentrations. Both enzymes had identical affinities for the substrates (Km for phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate was 0.44 mM for the wild type and 0.5 mM for mutant amidotransferase; Km for glutamine was 2.6 mM for both strains). No differences in the enzyme sensitivity to AMP and IMP inhibition were observed. There were essential differences in the sensitivity to inhibition by GMP: the level of inhibition was more than 80% for mutant amidotransferase and only 35% for the wild type enzyme. The inhibition with respect to phosphoribosylpyrophosphate for the former enzyme was of a mixed type, that for the wild type enzyme was of the "non-competitive" type. This feature of amidotransferase regulation in S. cerevisiae is the cause of the decreased sensitivity of de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis to inhibition by exogenous guanine. PMID- 7039694 TI - [Use of immobilization for the study of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Immobilized dimers of the enzyme]. AB - The immobilized dimers of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase have been obtained after dissociation of the tetrameric enzyme molecule linked by one of the subunits with Sepharose 4B. The catalytic parameters (V, Km and pH-dependence of activity) of the immobilized dimers and tetramers of the enzyme are identical. The immobilized dimers are capable of reassociating with the enzyme subunits from solution and possess a higher stability a compared to soluble dehydrogenase. The type of the dimer interaction with the reagents causing the "half-of-the-site reactivity" effect suggests that the immobilized dimers of the yeast and rat skeletal muscle enzymes possess the catalytic activity and, besides, are capable to express cooperative interactions between the active centers of the both subunits. The immobilized dimers of yeast dehydrogenase are able to form hybrids with soluble modified dimers of the yeast enzyme and with those from other sources. A procedure for the enzyme isolation from tissue extracts based on hybridization between the immobilized and soluble dimers of homologous dehydrogenases have been developed. PMID- 7039696 TI - [Properties of the catalytically active fragment obtained by limited proteolysis of phosphorylase kinase]. AB - The activation of phosphorylase kinase by limited proteolysis with subtilisin results in a formation of new enzyme forms differing in their molecular weights. Using gradient electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, it was shown that the high molecular weight fraction is made up of active fragments having different molecular weights. The low molecular weight fraction was found to contain only one active fragment with molecular weight of 80 000. Disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel demonstrated that the active fragments of the high and low molecular weight fractions are not homogenous. The kinetic properties of the low molecular weight fragment were investigated. It was found that at pH 8.2 the native non-activated kinase and the catalytically active fragment have identical Km values for the substrates (phosphorylase B and MgATP); however, unlike the non activated kinase, this fragment possesses a decreased sensitivity to Ca2+ and effectors (glycogen and glucose 6-phosphate) and has no optimum of activity within the pH range of 6.0-9.0. PMID- 7039695 TI - [Binding of glucocorticoid-receptor complexes with the acceptor zones of nuclei and effect of glucocorticoids on RNA synthesis in hormone-sensitive and hormone resistant cell populations]. AB - The binding of free radioactive glucocorticoid and the glucocorticoid-receptor complex to rat liver nuclei was studied in vitro. The binding is non-saturated and independent of preliminary injection of the "cold" hormone. In the course of DNA hydrolysis the amount of the radioactive hormone bound to the chromatin moiety in vivo remains practically unchanged relatively to the initial radioactivity of the protein. The liberation of the nuclei into a cell-free medium and the effect of DNAase I on the nuclei are associated with the redistribution of the hormone-receptor complex in the chromatin molecule and with the appearance of new, previously masked acceptor zones of the hormone binding. During the first 1-2 hours following the hormone injection the endogenous RNA synthesizing activity of the nuclei is decreased. The increase of RNA synthesis in liver nuclei occurs not earlier than 3 hours after the injection. In Zajdela hepatoma nuclei the repression of RNA synthesis persists as long as 3 hours after the injection of dexamethasone. When RNA synthesis is determined in the nuclei in the presence of exogenous RNA-polymerase of E. coli in vitro, the increase in nuclear RNA synthesis can be observed beginning with the 30th min after the hormone injection. It is assumed that this effect is due to conformational changes in the chromatin structure, which are concomitant with the initial steps of association of the hormone-receptor complex. PMID- 7039697 TI - [Changes in proteinase A and B activity during glucose repression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. AB - The divisible and indivisible yeast S. cerevisiae were subjected to glucose repression by increasing the glucose content in the growth medium up to 10%. Under these conditions the total activities of both proteinases did not change significantly, while those of free (i.e. not bound to natural inhibitors) proteinases were increased manyfold. This effect is probably due to liberation of the proteinases from the vacuoles and digestion of cytosolic proteinase inhibitors. PMID- 7039698 TI - [Efficiency of chromatographic separation of the pigment-protein lipid complexes of the reaction centers of photosystems 1 and 2 from pea chloroplasts on DEAE cellulose]. AB - Using a previously developed procedure, further optimization of isolation of the functionally active pigment-protein lipid complex of the reaction center of photosystem 2 (PPLC RC PS-2) by DEAE-cellulose chromatography has been carried out. Preliminary chromatographic separation of PPLC RC PS-1 and PS-2 in the presence of a light-harvesting complex has proved to be the most efficient technique. In the latter case the admixture of P700 within PPLC RC PS-2 decreases (1.8-fold on the average) at chromatographic pH value of 8.0. During chromatography at weakly acid, neutral (6.5-7.0) and weakly alkaline (8.3-9.0) values of pH a further, more than 2-fold decrease of P700 admixture is observed. The increase in the degree of separation of PPLC RC PS-1 and PS-2 is concomitant with the increase in PPLC RC PS-2 of photochemically active pheophytin (Ph), an intermediate electron acceptor in RC PS-2 which functions between P680 and Q. The resulting preparations of PPLC RC PS-2 contain one molecule of Ph and 0.06-0.09 molecule of P700 per 31-48 molecules of chlorophyll. The peculiarities of the complexes separation are discussed in terms of the role of hydrogen ion concentration in regulation of affinity between the reaction center complexes and the light-harvesting complex. PMID- 7039699 TI - [Kinetic study of DNA reassociation and molecular hybridization using a fluorescent label]. PMID- 7039700 TI - Intrauterine growth retardation and development of endocrine pancreas in the experimental rat. AB - Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) was induced in rats by uterine artery ligation according to Wigglesworth. Control and growth-retarded animals were studied at days 21 and 22 of fetal life and 2 h after spontaneous birth. Fetuses with IUGR, when compared to controls, showed significantly lower glycemia and insulinemia levels. Newborn rats with IUGR had reduced glycemia levels but identical insulin values in comparison to controls. Dysmature and control animals had significantly different absolute weights of endocrine pancreas, but they had equal amounts of endocrine pancreatic tissue in proportion to their total body weight. Within the endocrine pancreas the same number of islet cells was counted in dysmature and control animals, but the animals with IUGR ended up with a reduced percentage of insulin-containing granulated B cells after birth. PMID- 7039701 TI - Proteolytic activity as a regulator of the transmission of orally fed proteins from the gut to the blood serum in the suckling rat. AB - 14-day-old rats were orally fed with porcine colostrum or serum having a low or high activity of protease inhibitors (i.e., sow colostrum trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor or soybean trypsin inhibitor). The uptake of undigested porcine albumin and IgG to the blood serum of these rats was studied 4 h after feeding. The effect of the exclusion of proteases to the intestinal lumen by means of pancreatic duct ligation prior to feeding was also studied. The results from these feeding experiments in the presence of protease inhibitors or in the absence of pancreatic proteases agreed well. It was concluded that for the sucking rat the intraluminal proteolytic activity in the gastrointestinal tract is a regulator for nonselective protein uptake, as represented by albumin, while the selective absorption of IgG was unaffected. PMID- 7039703 TI - Immunochemical analysis of guinea pig sperm autoantigens. AB - Autoantibodies raised in guinea pigs (GP) by hyperimmunization with epididymal sperm recognize antigens present on the plasma membrane of intact sperm and antigens associated with acrosome-reacted sperm. Plasma membrane autoantigens were characterized by SDS-PAGE analysis of immune precipitates from detergent extracts of radiolabeled epididymal sperm. Three major protein bands with approximate molecular weights (MW) of 69,000, 62,000 and 40,000 daltons were exhibited. Galactose oxidase and periodate oxidation followed by tritiation revealed two major plasma membrane glycoprotein autoantigens with MWs of 35,000 and 32,000 daltons and one sialoglycoprotein of 34,000 daltons. Antigenic molecules of similar MW were also detected by autoantisera to guinea pig testicular homogenates. Immune precipitates of radiolabeled detergent extracts of acrosome-reacted sperm analyzed by SDS-PAGE exhibited two major carbohydrate containing peaks, one with a MW of approximately 42,000 daltons and one of 6,000 daltons. Since the 6,000 dalton peak was immunoprecipitated from the organic phase of both chloroform:methanol 2:1 and n-butanol extracts, the antigen may be a glycolipid. The possible existence of glycolipid autoantigen in GP sperm was further supported by the reaction in a solid phase radioimmunoassay of autoantibodies to GP sperm with glycolipid extracts from GP testis. This study demonstrates the presence of multiple autoantigenic specificities in the sperm plasma membrane, acrosome-reacted sperm and testis of guinea pigs. It also demonstrates for the first time glycolipid autoantigens in testis and sperm. PMID- 7039702 TI - Immunologic and endocrine interrelationships in pregnancy. AB - We propose that hormones produced during pregnancy down regulate the local maternal immune response against paternal foreign transplantation antigens present on the fetus and trophoblast, thereby allowing the fetus to elude graft rejection. Progesterone, in concentrations produced locally at the placental maternal interface, is the key hormone in this process. It has demonstrable immunosuppressive properties including: 1) anti-inflammatory and graft-sparing effects when administered locally in animals; 2) inhibition of human and murine lymphocyte activation and the generation of killer T lymphocytes; 3) restriction of human monocyte-macrophage oxygen radical production and oxygen consumption, and 4) effects on cellular ingress into the uterus. Although some of these properties are shared with other sex steroids, and with glucocorticoids, it is the selective high concentration of progesterone in the placenta that affords immunosuppression. Whether these effects require participation of classic hormone receptor mechanisms is uncertain. We do not exclude other progesterone actions such as induction of specific uterine proteins that have essential immunosuppressive actions, especially in early pregnancy. Indeed, our main focus for further research is directed toward uterine rather than systemic effects of progesterone and other hormones. PMID- 7039704 TI - Patterns of LH secretion in castrated bulls (steers) during intravenous infusion of androgenic and estrogenic steroids: pituitary response to exogenous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - Five steers were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square design to investigate negative feedback on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion by androgenic and estrogenic steroids. Vehicle (200 microliter 30% ethanol/min), testosterone (20 micrograms/min), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (20 micrograms/min), estrone (2 micrograms/min) and estradiol-17 beta (2 micrograms/min) were administered by continuous 12 h infusion at weekly intervals. At the end of each infusion period animals were given an intravenous injection of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH, 1000 ng). LH secretion in steers was characterized by pulses which occurred at intervals of 40 to 60 min. Estradiol-17 beta abolished pulsatile LH release and suppressed mean LH levels. The LH response to LHRH was greater however, in steers infused with estradiol-17 beta than in steers infused with vehicle only. The latter finding indicates a positive feedback action of estradiol-17 beta on the pituitary. In contrast to the results obtained with estradiol-17 beta, infusion with estrone had no effect on either the pattern of LH secretion or the pituitary response to LHRH. Testosterone and 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone infusion also failed to influence LH secretory patterns in steers. Similar results for testosterone were obtained in a second experiment where this steroid was infused at a rate of 80 micrograms/min. The results of this study suggest that in the male bovine, estradiol-17 beta exerts negative feedback at the level of the hypothalamus to block pulsatile LHRH release. The results also support the contention that chronic castrates are insensitive to acute androgen feedback. PMID- 7039705 TI - Effect of platelet-generated thromboxane on contractions of the pregnant rat uterus. AB - Recent evidence indicates that thromboxanes are produced by uterine tissues. The effect of platelet-generated thromboxane A2 (TXA2) was therefore studied for its effect on uterine contractions. An incubation tube consisting of washed platelets (WP) was incubated with sodium arachidonate (AA). An aliquot was transferred to an aggregation assay cuvette containing platelet rich plasma (PRP) to test for TXA2 activity. Immediately thereafter, a second aliquot from the incubation tube was transferred to an in vitro preparation of pregnant rat uterus and contractions were monitored. Both assay systems (i.e., aggregation and uterine contraction) contained indomethacin to prevent endogenous prostanoid production from platelets and uteri, respectively. Incubation media from human, rat or rabbit WP incubated with AA for 1 min elicited both platelet aggregation and uterine contractions when transferred to these assay systems. Indomethacin or imidazole added to the incubation tube blocked both responses. Delaying transfer of media until 10 min after addition of AA did not elicit either aggregation or contractile response, consistent with the short production interval and half-life of TXA2. Addition of an antiaggregatory dose of prostacyclin (PGI2) to the incubation tube did not affect TXA2 production or the ability of transferred media to promote uterine contractions. These experiments provide evidence that TXA2 is capable of promoting contractions in the pregnant rat uterus and may be important in the labor mechanism. PMID- 7039707 TI - A critical review of the biomechanical stress analysis of the human femur. AB - The objective of this paper is to present a critical review of the mechanical behaviour of the human femur with particular emphasis on the determination of the internal stress distribution under the action of a variety of forces resulting from daily living activities. For attaining such a goal, knowledge of the applied forces in combination with the internal structure and the mechanical properties of the material of the femur is needed. The whole work is divided into four parts. In the first two parts a brief description of the structure and the mechanical properties of the cortical and cancellous bones of the femur determined from the tension, compression, shear, bending, torsion and impact tests takes place. The third part deals with the analysis of the joint and muscle forces acting on the femur. In the fourth part the mathematical and experimental methods for the determination of the stress distribution in the femur are presented in detail. The mathematical methods include use of the beam theory and finite elements, while the experimental methods incorporate the brittle and photoelastic coatings, the strain gauges and the two- and three-dimensional photoelasticity. Finally, an analysis of the strength characteristics of the femur from the point of view of fracture mechanics is undertaken. PMID- 7039706 TI - Actin in human spermatozoa. AB - An actin-like material was extracted from human spermatozoa. The material comigrated with actin on sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and showed specific affinity for myosin. Purified anti-actin antibodies were used to localize actin to the posterior region of the sperm head and to the connecting piece, midpiece and mainpiece of the tail. Determination of the function of sperm actin requires further investigation. PMID- 7039708 TI - Platelets and extracorporeal circulation. AB - Extensive contact between blood and the synthetic surfaces of an extra-corporeal circuit causes thrombocytopenia, release of platelet granular contents, initiation of thromboxane synthesis, disruption of subcellular architecture and loss of platelet sensitivity to standard platelet agonists. All too frequently, these adverse platelet alterations are reflected in a prolongation of the post operative bleeding time and excessive blood loss which precludes implementation of long-term circulatory assist devices. Unfortunately, a truly biocompatible material does not exist and efficiency of gas transport demands haemodynamic designs which actually promote platelet injury. Although manipulation of surface properties and mechanical improvements in circuitry have managed to reduce platelet-surface interactions, the ultimate potential of these manoeuvres may be limited. Synthetic surfaces and soluble agonists, however, appear to modulate similar pathways suggesting that temporary platelet inhibition might provide significant protection by preserving the morphological and functional integrity of circulating platelets during contact with extracorporeal circuits. PMID- 7039709 TI - Antibody forming cells in long-term culture of rabbit bone marrow cells. AB - Bone marrow cells from 4 LPS-immunized rabbits were cultured in liquid media for 10 weeks and anti-LPS direct plaque-forming cells were enumerated periodically. Plaque-forming cells decreased for the first 2-4 weeks then increased without addition of LPS. This increase in the number of plaque-forming cells might be ascribed to the differentiation of committed precursors and/or the proliferation of plaque-forming cells. PMID- 7039710 TI - A longitudinal study of plasma renin activity during normal and preeclamptic pregnancy. AB - In 68 pregnant women, blood samples were obtained at 12, 20, 25, 29, 32 and 36 weeks. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured in 10 of them, who developed "pregnancy induced hypertension" ("PIH") and in 10 normal pregnant women, matched with the hypertensive patients for age, parity and body weight. Towards the end of pregnancy, PRA showed a tendency to increase in the "PIH" group, and to decrease in the control group. However, these variations were not statistically significant. There was no significant difference between the two groups, except for the last measurement, obtained at the 36th week of gestation. At this time, PRA was more elevated in the PIH group. We conclude that PRA measurements early in pregnancy are of no value in predicting if women are going to develop PIH. PMID- 7039711 TI - Factors affecting the kinetics of DNA reassociation in phenol-water emulsion at high DNA concentrations. PMID- 7039712 TI - Bromocriptine and insulin secretion. AB - The dopaminergic drug bromocriptine inhibited the release of insulin from isolated mouse pancreatic islets. The effect was counteracted by haloperidol or pimozide. It is suggested that insulin release may be inhibited through activation of D-2 dopaminergic receptors in the pancreatic beta-cells. PMID- 7039713 TI - Transcriptional control during development. PMID- 7039714 TI - Human diseases characterized by heritable DNA instability. PMID- 7039716 TI - Dermatoglyphics. PMID- 7039715 TI - Disorders of connective tissue metabolism as related to the skin. PMID- 7039718 TI - [Myoid cells in the thymus of patients with myopathy]. AB - Immunofluorescence was used to demonstrate that in progressive muscular dystrophy, myoid cells in the patients' thymus undergo profound changes which affect the processes of their formation, differentiation and maturation. Pronounced changes in the myoid cells were disclosed in two forms of myopathy. These changes lie in the increased number of myoid antigens in Erb's myopathy, whereas in Duchenne's myopathy, they manifest in the diminution of the number of myoid antigens in the internal environment of the thymus. It is suggested that the differences in the pattern of changes in the myoid cells, apart from other factors, apparently govern the peculiarity of the pathological process in the two forms of muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7039720 TI - [Ability of conjugated plasmids of serotyped E. coli to inhibit genetic transfer of depressed FLAC and PAP22-4 plasmids]. AB - A group of conjugation plasmids identified in the cells of wild strains of E. coli isolated from the people and animals were examined. The majority of plasmids showed the ability to inhibit Flac plasmid genetic transfer functions. However, some of them differed in the levels of inhibitory activity. Similar experiments with derepressed F-like pAP22-4 plasmid demonstrated that it is marked by a less ability (as compared with Flac plasmid) to be inhibited by different plasmids. This circumstance is possibly related to the specificity of the genetic regulation of plasmid transfer functions. PMID- 7039719 TI - [Healing of hemorrhagic stomach ulcers after laser coagulation]. PMID- 7039717 TI - Ultrastructural aspects of human skin during the embryonic, fetal, premature, neonatal, and adult periods of life. PMID- 7039721 TI - [Measurement of total and regional blood flow in transplanted kidney using a hydrogen clearance method]. PMID- 7039722 TI - Discoverers and forerunners: historical annotations. PMID- 7039723 TI - Discovery of the red blood cell with notes on priorities and credits of discoveries, past, present and future. AB - A review of the earliest publications and letters of the scientists who have received credit for the first description of red cells illustrates the philosophical and practical difficulties of assigning priorities for discoveries. A knowledge of the scientific and cultural ambience of the day, of reports of scientific contemporaries or predecessors, both partisans and adversaries, and other background information illustrates how the consensus in crediting the discovery originated. However, the broader question remains: what are the proper criteria for assigning priority of discovery, yesterday, today and tomorrow? PMID- 7039724 TI - Anemia in ancient times. PMID- 7039725 TI - Erythroid adaptation to altitude. AB - In May 1978, Messner and Habeler were the first to reach the summit of Mt. Everest without the use of supplemental oxygen. This feat illuminated the remarkable capacity of blood to adjust to the environment and support transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues despite an ambient oxygen pressure lower than that of normal mixed venous blood. It also met the exacting requirements for a true ascent of Mt. Everest set in 1935 by Frank Smythe in his book "The Spirit of the Hills". Although the conquest may seem more related to the breaking of the four minute mile than to any spirit of the hills, mountaineering has always combined emotional fulfillment with keen competition and scientific curiosity. The early mountain climbers from Petrach to Whymper were reaching for a personal spiritual experience but also were strongly influenced by priorities and first ascents. After the scaling in 1865 of Matterhorn, the last conquered peak in the Alps, a period followed during which physiologists from Bert to Hurtado provided insight into the importance of blood and lungs for oxygen transport and survival at high altitudes. The results of these studies combined with technical skill and competitive grit have permitted the current breed of mountaineers to scale successfully the most vertical mountain faces and the most lofty Himalayan peaks. These field trials of physiologic principles have also been of immense importance for our understanding of the pathophysiology of anemias and polycythemias. For whatever successes we have had in our management of patients with such disorders, we must in no small part give credit to man's eternal fascination with the top of the hills. PMID- 7039727 TI - Ferrata's stem cells: an historical review on hemocytoblasts and hemohistioblasts. PMID- 7039726 TI - Osler's influence on haematology. AB - Osler's influence in haematology was twofold: as an original observer both in the laboratory and the ward, and his encouragement of the establishment of clinical laboratories with the consequent development of clinical and laboratory haematologists. In 1870, when Osler entered McGill Medical School at the age of 21, he was already an experienced microscopist from his school days, but now his interest shifted from pond life to parasites and clinical microscopy. His post graduate year with Burdon-Sanderson was to have been a study of leucocyte function, but instead came his research on platelets, continued and expanded when he returned to Montreal in 1874, together with much of his laboratory haematology -his comprehensive studies of pernicious anaemia and work on leukaemia, Hodgkin's disease etc. The move to Philadelphia in 1884 saw the establishment of a clinical laboratory, work on malaria, arsenic in anaemia and the blood disease chapter for Pepper's System. At Baltimore he had a rewarding clinical microscopy department, distinct from Welch's Institute, and this is the period, continued at Oxford, of Osler's accounts of clinical syndromes--polycythaemia, telangiectasia, mastocytosis and 'splenic anaemia'. PMID- 7039730 TI - [Present clinical status of hyperthermia associated with radiotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - Improved techniques for inducing heat: ultrasound, microwaves, diathermy with different application modalities, capable of producing localized superficial or deep, regional or total body hyperthermia have been responsible for the multiplication of clinical trials. These studies have confirmed the tumoricidal effect of hyperthermia alone, or more especially when combined with radiotherapy, and the good tolerance of normal tissues to localized temperatures of 42 to 43.5 degrees C even in previously irradiated cases. Localized heating does not seem to increase the incidence of metastasis. Enhancement ratios and therapeutic gain with respect to normal tissues are not yet well documented. Many problems, including the heterogenicity of tissues to be heated, difficulties with temperature monitoring, and selection of appropriate sequential scheduling of radiation and hyperthermia remain unsolved and further investigations are required. PMID- 7039731 TI - [Phase I and phase II trials of the use of localized radiofrequency hyperthermia in 49 cases of deep-seated cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7039729 TI - [Hydroxy-9-methyl-2-ellipticinium (NSC 264-137) for osseous metastases from breast cancer. A 4 year experience (author's transl)]. AB - In 96 patients (95 women--1 man) with osseous metastases from breast cancer suitable for analysis an objective remission was obtained with hydroxy-9-methyl-2 ellipticinium (100 mg/m2 weekly) in 31 cases. These responses lasted from 3 to 17 months. The main characteristic of this compound is its lack of marrow toxicity, a property of value in osseous lesions where marrow is so frequently involved, making difficult the use of conventional chemical drugs. The principal unpleasant drawback is an inhibition of the salivary secretion which causes other side effects such as tongue mycosis, anorexia, and asthenia. Less frequently immunologic disorders and a few cases of renal insufficiency were observed. PMID- 7039728 TI - Contrasts between the response of the mouse haemopoietic system to 5-fluorouracil and irradiation. AB - We have studied the response of the mouse haemopoietic system to 5-fluorouracil, to shielded-limb irradiation and to total-body irradiation plus bone marrow injection. We have also studied the response to a dose of 5-FU given 10 weeks subsequent to each of these treatments. After 5-FU, the CFUs number rises rapidly reaching levels well above normal 11 days after treatment but the GM-CFC numbers increase more slowly and remain subnormal. By contrast, the GM-CFC number reaches normal 3-4 weeks after partial-body irradiation or irradiation/reconstitution although the CFUs number rises slowly and does not reach pre-treatment levels. Two possible explanations of the difference are discussed; one is that irradiation damages the haemopoietic environment in a way which prohibits fast proliferation of CFUs, the other that 5-FU inhibits the differentiation of CFUs into committed precursors. No difference which could be attributed to the exposure of stem cells to artificial media was seen between the responses to partial-body irradiation and to transplantation. The response to a subsequent dose of 5-FU was the same in all groups indicating that radiation damage to the stroma is either non-existent after 850R, or is repaired within 10 weeks, or is irrelevant to the recovery from 5-FU. PMID- 7039732 TI - Evaluation of four concentration/extraction procedures on waters and effluents collected for use with the Salmonella typhimurium screening procedure for mutagens. PMID- 7039734 TI - Mutagenicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene-surfactant complexes. PMID- 7039735 TI - Relationship between fluorescence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in complex environmental mixtures and sample mutagenicity. PMID- 7039733 TI - Effect of water treatment on mutagenic potential. AB - Enzymatic activation did not convert the compounds in the sample concentrates into mutagens. These results are in agreement with those of CHEH et al. (1979) that the mutagenic activity was two to three times greater without the activating system than with it. The dose response relationships demonstrated a low level of mutagenic activity for the concentrates of the Lake Michigan samples. The MAR increases for the completely treated potable water. The concentrates of the Calumet River water to which chlorine had been added produced more revertants per volume of concentrate than did the concentrates of water which had not been chlorinated. Chlorination of the water with no additional treatment produced the highest degree of activity. For the Calumet River samples, treatment with coagulants reduced the net number of revertants to one-third the value for the raw water. When chlorine was added as the final treatment step, the net number of revertants increased by a factor of ten. PMID- 7039736 TI - Channel crossing: the lure of French pathology for English medical students, 1816 -36. PMID- 7039737 TI - Efficiency and reform in the financing and organization of American medicine in the progressive era. PMID- 7039738 TI - Jaime Ferran and preventive inoculation against cholera. PMID- 7039739 TI - Clinical practice and the social history of medicine: a theoretical accord. PMID- 7039740 TI - Provocation poliomyelitis: neglected clinical observations from 1914 to 1950. PMID- 7039741 TI - The discovery of the parathyroid glands in 1880: triumph and tragedy of Ivar Sandstrom. PMID- 7039742 TI - The tale of Monsieur Gout. PMID- 7039743 TI - The autonomic nervous system, molder and integrator of function. Review of a concept. AB - This paper treats a number of topics relative to functions of the autonomic nervous system: its role in the sympathies and emotional inter-reactions essential to society and common endeavor; the history and evolution of our knowledge of the structure, composition and function of this system; the recent concurrent genesis of concepts of the roles this system plays. Among the most recently developed ideas of autonomic system function is that of its integrating role and that of its molding role in determining the color and intensities of behavioral responses. These latter concepts are supported by recent discoveries of the role played in sensory reception, in several disease states, in control of the neuroendocrine and endocrine systems, in modulation of cardiovascular function, in regulation of energy release and use, and, finally, in conditioned behavior. It appears that there is considerable plasticity and possibility of drastically modifying cell of this system which normally would have functioned in a quite different way. Modern methods of anatomical analysis have shown that the central representation of the autonomic outflow is not as simplistically and independently organized as often visualized. Furthermore the same centers which control somatic responses also affect autonomic system activity. There is only one nervous system and the autonomic complex is an integral part thereof, participating in all behavior. It is, however, specially concerned with the emotional component, reactions to real or anticipated emergencies, control of the viscera and maintenance of homeostasis. In addition to integrating the activity of body parts it has a modulatory effect on all functions. PMID- 7039745 TI - Application of SPSS to management of computer-assisted instruction usage statistics. PMID- 7039744 TI - A self-supporting library service in a rural region: a new look at hospital consortia. AB - To meet the informational needs of health care practitioners and trainees in a four-county rural area of northwestern North Carolina, the eleven-member UNIFOUR Consortium was founded as a two-year experimental project from 1978 to 1980. The consortium has several unique features: (1) it is an organization of institutions, not libraries; (2) it employs its own professional librarian who manages a central library, coordinates consortium programs, and makes regular circuit visits to all affiliated institutions; (3) the central library, where the circuit is based, is a developing community hospital library, not an established academic medical center library; and (4) it is ultimately tied to the Northwest Area Health Education Center and that organization's emerging learning resources network, which includes the Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Library, two other subregional libraries, and the libraries of all member institutions. At the end of the experimental period in 1980, member institutions voted unanimously to continue the program and assume their share of the costs. PMID- 7039748 TI - Dependence potential of oripavine. AB - The dependence potential of thebaine is at least partially attributed to oripavine which is one of the principal metabolites of thebaine. The analgesic potency of oripavine in mice is found to be much higher than that of thebaine and comparable to morphine. The reinforcing effect of this substance also appears to be more potent than thebaine. In rats the physical dependence potential of oripavine at a dose of 4 mg/kg is almost comparable to that of morphine at 0.5 mg/kg. Studies carried out on monkeys show that oripavine possesses weak morphine antagonist properties. Further pharmacological studies of the metabolites of thebaine are recommended. PMID- 7039746 TI - Tailoring on-line search retrieval to match a library's journal collection. PMID- 7039747 TI - The cost recovery issue and the governments role in provision of information services. PMID- 7039749 TI - Impurities in illicit amphetamine: review. AB - The paper reviews the most common synthesis of amphetamines which may be found in illicit traffic. Emphasis is laid on the detection, isolation and identification of impurities in illicit amphetamines through gas chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. The latter method was also used for isolation purposes. Impurities were identified by mass spectral and NMR spectroscopic methods and relevant data are presented. PMID- 7039750 TI - A method of closing urethral fistulae using a purse-string or interrupted silk sutures. AB - A simple method of closure of urethral fistulae is described, using a purse string suture for small fistulae and serial silk sutures for larger fistulae, with a skin flap for cover. No urethral catheter is required and hospitalisation is reduced to 3-4 days. Twenty cases have been treated in this way with no recurrence of the fistula and no stricture formation. PMID- 7039752 TI - Latissimus dorsi muscle free flaps. AB - We have used free latissimus dorsi muscle flaps in nine patients to cover a variety of defects. The muscle has been covered with unexpanded meshed split skin. The method is a reliable means of providing skin cover with a minimal donor site morbidity and less flap bulk than in conventional myocutaneous flaps. Our one "failure" was not related to the fact that the muscle was taken without its overlying skin, it was due to avulsion of the vascular anastomosis. PMID- 7039751 TI - The behaviour o free muscle and musculocutaneous flaps after early loss of axial blood supply. AB - Clinical experience has shown that a very large part of a free muscle, musculocutaneous or even osseo-musculocutaneous flap which loses its axial blood supply at ten days may survive. Vascularisation of muscle-containing flaps from the base is progressive and when a free-flap appears avascular on surface inspection careful tangential excision of the dead tissue will usually reveal surviving tissue in the deeper layers that will accept a split-skin graft or even another flap. Four illustrative cases are presented and discussed in detail. PMID- 7039753 TI - A simple method of taking skin grafts from the avulsed flap in degloving injuries. PMID- 7039754 TI - The temporary stent technique: an easier method of micro-venous anastomosis. AB - The microvascular repair of small veins is technically difficult. A new method using a temporary "stent" has been studied experimentally in microvenous anastomoses of the femoral veins in twenty-four rats. The technique is described in detail. The results were evaluated by gross observation and by histological section. Improved patency rates were demonstrated and the advantages of the technique are discussed. The technique could be very useful in the anastomoses of small, fragile veins, particularly by the less experienced microsurgeon. PMID- 7039755 TI - Glucagon and infusion cholangiography. AB - It has been previously suggested that glucagon improves the bile duct and gall bladder opacification obtained by infusion cholangiography. One hundred and ninety consecutive patients referred for intravenous cholangiography were entered into a double-blind study designed to see if glucagon would in fact significantly improve bile duct opacification. All patients received a one hour intravenous infusion of iotroxamide at a rate of 3.15 mg/kg body weight/min. Glucagon did not enhance bile duct opacification, the mean post-injection scores for the two groups being 2.47 +/- 1.11 and 2.29 +/- 1.15 respectively. On the basis of the present study we cannot recommend the routine use of glucagon following infusion cholangiography. PMID- 7039756 TI - Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a review. AB - Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a relatively common condition and there is some recent evidence that the incidence is increasing in this country. Gastric outlet obstruction is caused by hypertrophy of the pyloric smooth muscle and the clinical presentation is with non-bilious vomiting starting at the age of 3-4 weeks. The diagnosis can usually be made by palpation of the hypertrophied pylorus. Operation has now superseded medical treatment as the treatment of choice but meticulous assessment and correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance is essential preoperatively. The operation of pyloromyotomy as described by Ramstedt in 1912 is simple and effective, but attention to detail is necessary if minimal morbidity and zero mortality are to be achieved. Untreated, the mortality is high but, after successful treatment, these babies are healthy and normal, so that treatment is both worth while and gratifying. The aetiology is obscure; a polygenic pattern of inheritance has been shown to be a predisposing factor, but the postnatal precipitating factors are less defined. Early hopes that the hormone gastrin might prove to be the key have not been sustained by more recent research, but the role of other gastrointestinal hormones awaits clarification. PMID- 7039757 TI - A prospective trial comparing a silicone elastomer intravenous cannula (Visis) with a polytetrafluoroethylene cannula (Cathlon). AB - Post-infusion phlebitis remains one of the most frequent causes of hospital morbidity with an incidence varying between 13 and 39 per cent (1-4). A recent study indicated that a silicone elastomer cannula (Visis) had desirable properties (5). We have carried out a prospective trial comparing the value of such a cannula with a Teflon cannula (Cathlon) already in routine use. PMID- 7039758 TI - Randomized controlled trial of colestipol in antibiotic-associated colitis. AB - Thirty-eight patients with severe antibiotic-associated postoperative diarrhoea were entered into a randomized controlled trial to compare colestipol (an ion exchange resin) in 17 patients with placebo (sherbet) in 21 patients. Clostridium difficile or its toxin was present before treatment in 12 of the colestipol group, compared with only 5 in the placebo group. Because of the low incidence of Cl. difficile or its toxin, the placebo group data from 22 patients receiving placebo in a previous trial (9 of whom had Cl. difficile or toxin) were included for comparison. Neither colestipol nor placebo had any influence on the faecal excretion of Cl. difficile or its toxin. Colestipol was clinically no better than placebo. In view of the persistent faecal excretion of Cl. difficile toxin, ion exchange resins cannot be recommended for the treatment of antibiotic-associated colitis. PMID- 7039759 TI - The efficacy of peritoneal lavage at elective abdominal operations. AB - Human serum albumin microspheres of 1 micrometer diameter labelled with technetium-99 m were evaluated as a model for bacteria in two animal species. Peritoneal lavage recovered comparable amounts of an inoculum of microspheres and simultaneously instilled Escherichia coli. A prospective study was undertaken of 38 patients undergoing elective abdominal operations. Three lavages, each of 500 ml normal saline, were used. Over 80 per cent of the saline was recovered in 37 of the 38 patients with a median of 93 per cent. Recovery of microspheres was assessed from above the spleen, from Morison's pouch and from the pouch of Douglas. There was no difference in the recovery rates from the three sites of placement but significantly fewer microspheres were recovered via a right subcostal incision (median 59 per cent) compared with an upper midline incision (median 91 per cent). PMID- 7039761 TI - Metronidazole in a single dose for the treatment of trichomoniasis. Failure of a 1-g single dose. AB - To determine the minimum effective dose of metronidazole in the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis, a randomised clinical trial comparing single 1-g and 2-g doses was carried out on 163 patients attending sexually transmitted diseases and family planning clinics. Seventy-two of 86 (84%) patients receiving a single 2-g dose of metronidazole were cured compared with only 42 of 77 (55%) receiving a 1 g dose. The body weight of the patient was a significant variable affecting treatment outcome only in the latter group; 69% of patients weighing more than 57 kg or less when cured compared with only 43% of those weighing more. Patients who failed after either dose regimen were retreated with a single 2-g dose. Eighteen of 21 (86%) and seven of 10 (70%) failures with the initial 1-g and 2-g doses respectively were cured. A single 1-g dose of metronidazole is not recommended as routine treatment for vaginal trichomoniasis. PMID- 7039762 TI - Treatment of vaginal candidosis with a single 500-mg clotrimazole pessary. AB - In a double-blind study the therapeutic efficacy of a single 500-mg clotrimazole pessary was compared with that of a 200-mg clotrimazole pessary inserted once daily for three days in 72 patients with vaginal candidosis confirmed by culture. On clinical assessment four weeks after completion of treatment with the single dose pessary the cure rate was 86% compared with 92% after the three-day regimen. There was no significant difference in the eradication rate between the single dose (94%) and three-day regimens (89%). Four weeks after completion of treatment the recurrence rates by culture were 18% with the single-dose and 24% with the three-day regimen. The former treatment was well tolerated and as effective as the three-day clotrimazole regimen. PMID- 7039760 TI - Rosaramicin and tetracycline in the treatment of non-gonococcal urethritis. A comparison of clinical and microbiological results. AB - The clinical and microbiological outcome of the treatment of 94 men for uncomplicated non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) was studied. Rosaramicin 250 mg six hourly for seven days was given to 46 men and tetracycline 250 mg six hourly for seven days to 48 men; the follow-up period was up to six weeks. Complete resolution of the clinical signs of infection was seen in 40 (87%) of the men treated with rosaramicin and in 37(77%) of those treated with tetracycline. Chlamydia trachomatis was eliminated from 17 of the 18 men treated with rosaramicin and from all of the 16 men treated with tetracycline. Ureaplasma urealyticum was eliminated from 12 of the 14 men treated with rosaramicin and from 15 of the 19 receiving tetracycline. Clinical recovery correlated well with the elimination of C trachomatis but less well with that of U urealyticum. The two antimicrobial agents were equally effective in the therapy of NGU, but gastrointestinal side effects were significantly more common in men treated with rosaramicin. PMID- 7039763 TI - IV Harrison Lecture 1981: the international venereological scene as viewed by Harrison and St Mary's. PMID- 7039764 TI - Role played by Italy in the history of syphilis. PMID- 7039765 TI - Central effects of angiotensins on drinking and blood pressure: structure activity relationships. AB - The dipsogenic and the pressor effect following intracerebroventricular injection of angiotensins and several C-terminal fragments were studied. Angiotensin I (ANG I), ANG II, ANG III and C-terminal hexa-, penta, tetra- and tripeptide stimulated water intake in water-replete rats and induced significant pressor responses. In both paradigms the most active peptides (in the pmol range) were ANG II, ANG I and ANG III, in that order. Shorter C-terminal peptides appeared to be active, but had to be injected in the nmol range. Latencies to the onset of drinking were less than 45 s for all peptides tested. The C-terminal dipeptide and other dipeptide fragments did not possess detectable dipsogenic activity. The dipsogenic effect of ANG I was inhibited by pretreatment of animals with the converting enzyme inhibitor SQ 14,225. Drinking induced by both ANG I and ANG (4 8) was antagonized by the ANG II-receptor blocking agent Sar1-Ala8-ANG II. It is concluded that conversion of ANG I into ANG II is a prerequisite for the expression of the observed biological activity in the brain. Short C-terminal fragments are capable of stimulating the ANG II receptors, but a peptide chain of 7 amino acids appears necessary for maximal agonistic activity. PMID- 7039767 TI - The distribution of enkephalin in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the mouse brain: effects of neonatal administration of MSG. AB - The immunocytochemical distribution of the pentapeptides, methionine- and leucine enkephalin (Enk) were examined in the mediobasal hypothalamus of control mice with a neurotoxic lesion of the arcuate nucleus due to neonatal treatment of monosodium glutamate (MSG). In control mice immunoreactive Enk cells and fibers were present in the arcuate nucleus. Enk fibers were found in the subependymal, internal and external layers of the median eminence. At 60 days of age, mice receiving neonatal injections of MSG displayed symptoms of neuroendocrine deficiencies. Histochemical methods revealed a loss of Enk immunoreactivity from the arcuate nucleus and all layers of the median eminence. These results suggest that the lack of Enk cells and fibers in the mediobasal hypothalamus of MSG treated animals is partially responsible for the endocrine dysfunctions exhibited by these animals. PMID- 7039766 TI - Immunoreactive glial fibrillary acidic protein in pituicytes of the rat neurohypophysis. AB - The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has been associated with glial filaments. Electron microscopic examination of rat pituicytes in our laboratory has revealed few of these 8-9 nm filaments that are present in other astrocytes. Since the literature is inconsistent on the existence of filaments in pituicytes, we investigated the content of GFAP in these cells. Immunocytochemical methods revealed a strong positivity for GFAP in pituicytes. Furthermore, the primary antiserum dilution required for optimal staining suggests that there may be more GFAP in pituicytes than in other glial elements. The significance of immunoreactive GFAP in pituicytes is discussed in terms of possible functions and embryonic origins. PMID- 7039768 TI - A monoclonal antibody which binds to the surface of chick brain cells and myotubes: cell selectivity and properties of the antigen. AB - A monoclonal antibody has been obtained which binds to the cell surface of cultured chick myotubes and retinal and tectal neurons but not fibroblasts, myoblasts and embryonic liver cells. Indirect immunocytochemistry reveals that antigen is present in all layers of the chick neural retina. The antibody therefore recognizes an antigen common to most, if not all, chick neurons. The antigen has been identified by staining SDS gels with [125I]monoclonal antibody and appears to be a polydisperse collection of polypeptides with molecular weights centered about 250 kdalton. PMID- 7039769 TI - A method for large-scale production of mouse brain cortical cultures. AB - Fetal cerebral cortex can be grown for several weeks in dissociated cell culture using a relatively simple protocol for culture preparation. It is possible to establish large numbers of very similar cultures which serve as an effective test system for studies of toxicity and mechanism of action of neuroactive compounds. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies document the neuronal component of the cultures as well as the developmental sequence. Cell counts, protein concentration and choline acetyltransferase activity demonstrate the reproducibility of the cultures from dish to dish. PMID- 7039770 TI - A stable, multiaxial stereotaxic device for mice. PMID- 7039771 TI - [Ultrastructure of blood capillaries]. PMID- 7039772 TI - [The beginnings of the medical school at Comenius University in Bratislava. 1. The 1st medical faculty]. PMID- 7039773 TI - Strategic planning of burn care services and the role of information systems. AB - An information system to support strategic planning for burn care services could help to structure decisions and help indicate to planners those areas of critical relevance to the issue of which burn patient will survive and which will not. This is, therefore, the essence of the need for information system support for strategic planning for appropriate burn care services: to help to identify those critical areas that reflect the real needs of burn patients in terms of survival and nonsurvival that are amenable to changes through planning. Strategic planning for appropriate burn care services involves highly unstructured decision problems, that must be made by individuals who have a thinking-intuition psychological mode. Planning for the real needs of patients with burn injuries necessitates not only formalized, structured information systems, but information systems that are designed for the psychological modes of these planners of burn care services. PMID- 7039775 TI - Spiramycin and the specific plaque hypothesis: a new concept in plaque control. PMID- 7039774 TI - Chondroitin sulfatase--producing and hyaluronidase--producing oral bacteria associated with periodontal disease. PMID- 7039776 TI - A vaccine to eliminate caries? PMID- 7039777 TI - Look before you leap. PMID- 7039779 TI - Orthodontics: past, present and future? PMID- 7039778 TI - Sedation techniques questioned. PMID- 7039780 TI - Successful management of removable orthodontic appliance therapy. PMID- 7039781 TI - conservative preparation of abutment teeth to replace missing premolar teeth. PMID- 7039782 TI - The copper band for matricing problems. PMID- 7039783 TI - Effects of Gn-RH on blood serum hormone concentrations, ovulation rates and embryo production in lactating cows treated with PMSG. AB - The effects of gonadotrophin releasing hormone injection into pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin treated cows on serum levels of luteinizing hormone, estradiol-17 beta and progesterone and ovulation rates was evaluated in 20 cows. Pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin treatment does not always induce superovulation as was shown in this study. Luteinizing hormone levels reached peak concentrations at 1.0 h and remained significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) elevated at 2.0 h, 3.0 h, 4.0 h, and 7.0 h after the first gonadotrophin releasing hormone injection. Progesterone levels in the gonadotrophin releasing hormone treated group were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) higher than in the controls on the third and fourth days following injection. A significant correlation (r = 0.58 0.72) was noted between the number of corpus luteum and progesterone levels on each day between day 2 and day 7. More embryos were recovered (46 vs 26) from the ten treated than from the ten control cows. PMID- 7039784 TI - Effects of feed withdrawal on the weight, fecal excretion and Salmonella status of market age broiler chickens. AB - The withdrawal of feed from the pens of broiler chickens for several hours before they are shipped for slaughter is an increasingly common practice, whose objective is to decrease fecal contamination of birds during processing. In this study, Salmonella typhimurium-infected market age broiler chickens were subjected to feed withdrawal for eight hours, then placed in crates for 18 hours before they were killed and weighed. The intestines, ceca, and cloacal feces were weighed and cultured for salmonellae. The feces deposited in the crates were also weighed and cultured. The results were compared with those of control birds whose feed was not withdrawn before they were placed in crates. The withdrawal of feed did not significantly affect the total liver weights of the birds, but reduced the weights of the intestines in 7/10 groups, and of the ceca in 5/11 groups, and dramatically reduced the amount of feces deposited in the crates. There was no consistent effect on excretion of salmonellae. These results indicated that feed withdrawal for eight hours before broilers are shipped for slaughter should be effective in reducing the spread of fecal contamination and of salmonellae during transport and processing, and in improving the effectiveness of crate washing procedures. PMID- 7039787 TI - Functional capillary density in normal and transplanted rat hearts. AB - The subepicardial capillaries were visualised under normoxemia and hypoxemia by cinemicrophotography of the beating heart in open-chest rats. The functional intercapillary distances (ICD) were directly measured from focused frames. Under normoxemia, the average ICD was 19.2 micrometers and under hypoxemia, 17.9 micrometers (p less than 0.01). This decrease of 1.3 micrometers under hypoxemia corresponds to an average recruitment of an additional 416 capillaries/mm2 (from 2762 to 3178). During postnatal development, both the normoxemic and hypoxemic ICD's increased with left ventricular weight. The regression analysis of this relationship indicates that the hypoxemic ICD's remain significantly shorter within the observed range. In heterotopically isotransplanted, empty, beating rat hearts, there was no difference in functional ICD between normoxemia and hypoxemia either in 1-day-old (18.5 versus 18.6 micrometers) or in 7-day-old (17.1 versus 17.1 micrometers) transplants. Unlike the hearts in situ which could be observed only through a long working distance, low power objective (11 X), the heterotopic transplants could also be observed through a higher power (22 X) lens with an optical penetration of less than 5 micrometers. On the same hearts almost identical ICD's were obtained by both lenses during normoxemia and hypoxemia. Therefore, recruitment of capillaries observed on the normal hearts could not be due to different optical characteristics of the hypoxemic myocardium. PMID- 7039785 TI - The isolation of salmonellae, Newcastle disease virus and other infectious agents from quarantined imported birds in Canada. AB - Necropsy and culture results are presented for 269 consignments of imported birds (mainly psittacine and passerine species) examined between January 1977 and August 1980. Consignments were submitted for diagnosis of clinical illness or deaths occurring among these birds while they were in quarantine before entry into Canada. Enteritis and injury were the most frequent diagnoses. Pathogens or potential pathogens were isolated from 77% of consignments. Newcastle disease virus was isolated nine times, and Chlamydia psittaci was isolated once. Escherichia coli (from 113 consignments) and salmonellae (from 49) were the most common bacteria isolated, and reoviruses (from 22) and paramyxoviruses other than Newcastle disease virus (from 22) were the most common viruses. Salmonella typhimurium was the most common Salmonella serovar. Salmonella hadar was isolated from turkey poults imported from Great Britain. The possible public health significance of the role of imported birds in the introduction of exotic Salmonella serovars, or of serovars resistant to several antimicrobials is discussed. PMID- 7039786 TI - The Upjohn Award Lecture 1981/La Conference Upjohn 1981. The metabolism of xenobiotics in different populations. PMID- 7039790 TI - The biodegradation of methoxychlor by Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Klebsiella pneumoniae was found to effect the reductive dechlorination of methoxychlor (2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-1, 1, 1-trichloroethane) and its dihydroxy derivative (2, 2-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-1, 1, 1-trichloroethane) to dichloro derivatives 2, 2-bis (p-methoxyphenyl)-1, 1-dichloroethane and 2, 2-bis (p hydroxyphenyl)-1, 1-dichloroethane, respectively. Dehydrohalogenation to the corresponding diaryl dichloroethylenes, which themselves were not further degraded by this bacterium, was not observed. Cleavage of the methoxy groups to form the hydroxy compounds did not take place. PMID- 7039788 TI - Peripheral nerve autografts increase soleus muscle hydrolase activity. AB - A peripheral nerve autograft placed on the surface of a normally innervated muscle has been shown to induce acetylcholine hypersensitivity and myofibrillar degeneration. Using a similar preparation, we determined the acid protease, alkaline protease, and N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in rat soleus muscle and the effect of protease inhibitors on these enzymes. Three days after nerve transplant, the muscle showed a significant increase in all three enzymes assayed. The protease inhibitors leupeptin and pepstatin totally prevented the nerve-induced increase in hydrolase activity. Our data suggest that muscle degeneration is secondary to an inflammatory response induced by the nerve. PMID- 7039789 TI - Toxin-induced activation of muscle hydrolases. PMID- 7039791 TI - Nalidixic acid inhibits the conjugal transfer of conjugative N incompatibility group plasmids. AB - The conjugal transfer of R plasmids of the N incompatibility group was inhibited by nalidixic acid to the same degree as that of plasmids of other conjugative and incompatibility groups. Inhibition was reversible. This supports a belief that nalidixic exerts its effect by interfering with a step(s) that is common to all conjugative systems among Enterobacteriaceae. These observations do not support an earlier suggestion that motivated the present study, and a reason for this is suggested. PMID- 7039792 TI - Hematogenous infection of peritoneovenous shunts after dental procedures. AB - In two patients who had peritoneovenous shunts inserted for the treatment of intractable ascites, the shunt became infected following dental procedures that were carried out without antibiotic prophylaxis. The organisms grown were alpha hemolytic streptococcus in one patient, and alpha-hemolytic streptococcus and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the other. Alpha hemolytic streptococcus is commonly found in the oral cavity and has also been found, related to dental manipulations, in hematogenous infections at other sites. In both patients the infections were successfully managed by antibiotic treatment with removal of the infected shunt. Physicians caring for patients with peritoneovenous shunts should be aware of this potential complication; antibiotics should always be given prophylactically at the time of dental procedures. PMID- 7039793 TI - Profile. Percy Moore. PMID- 7039795 TI - Index Medicus jeopardized. PMID- 7039794 TI - Sir William Boyd: a legacy in print. PMID- 7039797 TI - A method for maintaining normoglycemia during labour and delivery in insulin dependent diabetic women. AB - The effectiveness of combining the subcutaneous administration of short- and intermediate-acting insulin with the intravenous infusion of glucose in maintaining normoglycemia during labour and delivery in insulin-dependent diabetic women was tested. Fifty women were given intermediate-acting insulin twice daily in doses that were fractions of their usual dose, based on the projected duration of labour. In addition, they were given regular (i.e., short acting) insulin every 6 hours, the dose being 1% of their total daily insulin dose for every increase of 10 mg/dl above 100 mg/dl (5.6 mmol/l) in the plasma glucose level 1 hour previously; the levels were measured every 3 hours. All the patients were fasting and received a basal intravenous infusion of 6 g/h of glucose; the rate of infusion was increased by 1 g/h for every decrease of 10 mg/dl in the plasma glucose level below 100 mg/dl. The mean plasma glucose levels (+/- standard deviation) were 90 +/- 46 mg/dl after 3 hours of labour, 92 +/- 35 mg/dl after 6 hours, 97 +/- 49 mg/dl after 9 hours and 107 +/- 65 mg/dl after 12 hours. With only one exception, in a premature infant, the 5-minute Apgar scores were identical to those of the infants of nondiabetic women. PMID- 7039796 TI - Natural history and management of chronic aortic valve disease. AB - Chronic aortic valve disease involving stenosis, regurgitation or both is insidious and progressive. Severe valvular dysfunction may be present for years without symptoms, but functional deterioration is often rapid once congestive heart failure, angina or syncope with effort is present. As the severity of aortic stenosis may not be easy to assess clinically, the relative usefulness of various tests is considered in this paper. The difficulty with chronic aortic regurgitation lies not in diagnosing the problem but in detecting early left ventricular dysfunction in time to perform the surgery that can prevent further functional deterioration. Patients with significant aortic valve disease should undergo surgery when the important symptoms of dyspnea, angina or syncope with effort first appear. Surgery should also be considered in selected patients with aortic regurgitation in whom left ventricular function has diminished even without symptoms. PMID- 7039798 TI - Reversible azathioprine-induced erythrocyte aplasia in a renal transplant recipient. PMID- 7039800 TI - Composers and tuberculosis: the effects on creativity. PMID- 7039799 TI - Tuberculosis in Canada: a century of progress. PMID- 7039801 TI - Recurrent infections, diarrhea, ascites and phonophobia in a 57-year-old man. PMID- 7039803 TI - The Wellcome library: reflection of an insatiable collector. PMID- 7039802 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for leukemia and aplastic anemia: management of ABO incompatibility. AB - Between February 1971 and October 1980, 34 patients with leukemia or aplastic anemia received bone marrow transplants from HLA-identical siblings whose lymphocytes did not react in a mixed leukocyte culture. The donors of 10 patients were ABO-incompatible, and for five pairs the ABO incompatibility was major. Plasma exchanges followed by a red blood cell exchange transfusion reduced the anti-A titres to 1:4 or less in these patients. The ABO incompatibility had no adverse effect on the results of marrow transplantation. Twenty-two patients, including 16 of the 20 who received their transplant after Jan. 1, 1980, are still living. Seven of the 15 patients with acute leukemia have survived 89 to 466 days, and 4 of the 6 with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) have survived 117 to 545 days. Of the 13 patients with aplastic anemia, 11 are alive up to 8 years after transplantation. Marrow transplantation, when possible, is the treatment of choice for young patients with acute leukemia in remission and for patients with aplastic anemia. Marrow transplantation may also prove to be effective in patients with CML. PMID- 7039805 TI - Cigarette smoking, atherosclerosis and its clinical complications. PMID- 7039804 TI - Chemical carcinogenesis and smoking. PMID- 7039806 TI - Presidential address. In praise of skepticism. PMID- 7039807 TI - Predicting the outcome in schizophrenia. AB - Current concepts of schizophrenia and recent changes in diagnostic practice, multidimensional outcome assessment, and predictive methodology are reviewed. The highly successful results of earlier studies are not borne out in recent work which indicates that only about 8-40% of the outcome variance can be predicted using multivariate analysis of symptoms or groups of symptoms. Other influences during the illness which may significantly modify the outcome include the economic situation, life events, social class, the family, extrinsic handicaps, migration and culture. These factors have been inadequately considered in prognosis research, and are probably not considered sufficiently in therapy. PMID- 7039808 TI - Bovine campylobacteriosis: a review. AB - Campylobacteriosis (vibriosis) is a venereal disease of cattle caused by the organism Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus previously known as Vibrio fetus subspecies venerealis. Characteristically the disease causes infertility in the female with an increased number of services necessary for conception. Abortions late in gestation are also occasionally seen. Most cases or outbreaks occur after the recent introduction of an infected bull or cow into a susceptible breeding herd. Often the disease remains undetected until late fall when the livestock owner recognizes that he has a number of females exhibiting estrus. A tentative diagnosis can be made by a study of the herd history and can often be confirmed by laboratory means. In recent years many advances have been made towards establishing an understanding of the immune response that occurs with infection and systemic immunization. In this review, recommendations are made regarding the appropriate time to immunize the breeding herd against campylobacteriosis. PMID- 7039809 TI - Trace mineral deficiencies in cattle: a review. AB - This review discusses the biological role of copper, zinc and selenium in ruminant nutrition. Soil, climate, plant and animal interactions are discussed in relationship to trace mineral availability. A review of the clinical symptoms associated with copper, zinc and selenium deficiences are also presented. PMID- 7039810 TI - Deer fibroma: a review. AB - Fibromas are frequent cutaneous neoplasms of young deer of many species, characterized by proliferation of both epithelial and dermal cells. Virus particles, similar to those found in fibrous skin tumors of several wild and domestic species, have been identified in some species by electron microscopy. Attempted transmission of fibromas has not been uniformly successful using filtered preparations. PMID- 7039811 TI - Development of a vaccine incorporating killed virus of canine origin for the prevention of canine parvovirus infection. AB - A parvovirus of canine origin, cultured in a feline kidney cell line, was inactivated with formalin. Three pilot serials were produced and three forms of finished vaccine (nonadjuvanted, single adjuvanted and double adjuvanted) were tested in vaccination and challenge trials. A comparison was also made with two inactivated feline panleukopenia virus vaccines, one of which has official approval for use in dogs. The inactivated canine vaccine in nonadjuvanted, adjuvanted or double adjuvanted form was immunogenic in 20 of 20 vaccinated dogs. The double adjuvanted vaccine is selected as the one of choice on the basis of best and most persistent seriological response. PMID- 7039812 TI - Nutritional problems in cats: taurine deficiency and vitamin A excess. AB - Two nutritional problems of the cat are reviewed. One represents a deficiency of taurine, the other vitamin A toxicity. Taurine deficiency in cats is insidious because the progressive retinal degeneration induced may go unnoticed until the damage is advanced and irreversible. Both rods and cones undergo degeneration along with the underlying tapetum lucidum. The hyperreflective focal lesion is easily observed in the area centralis with an ophthalmoscope and has been previously identified as feline central retinal degeneration. This lesion is not reversed by taurine supplementation, even though the remaining retina may be saved from further degeneration. The cat requires dietary taurine, found in meat and fish, because it cannot synthesize enough to meet demands for bile acid conjugation and tissue metabolism, especially those of muscle and central nervous system. Vitamin A toxicity is not commonly observed in cats but may occur if cats are fed beef liver in which appreciable vitamin A is stored. Cats exhibit muscle soreness and hyperesthesia, especially along the neck and forelimbs where bony exostoses of cervical verterbrae and longbones are common. The diagnosis is readily made from radiographs. The response to removal of vitamin A from the diet is generally rapid and, unless the toxicity has been chronic in young kittens, recovery is generally satisfactory. PMID- 7039813 TI - Treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia: influence of three induction regimens and maintenance with chemotherapy or BCG immunotherapy. AB - The effect of a synchronizing-recruiting drug schedule vs. myelotoxic therapy on remission rate and of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin on remission duration and survival of adults with acute myelogenous leukemia were studied in a prospective cooperative trial. After randomized remission induction with Arabinosyl Cytosine + vincristine + methotrexate + leucovorin (AVML), thioguanine + Ara-C + Daunorubin (TAD), or Daunorubicin + Ara-C (DA), complete remissions (CR) were consolidated with TAD or AVML. CRs were maintained with BCG vaccination (Tice strain) by the tine technique, or BCNU plus Ara-C (B/A), or no further therapy (NFT). Of 209 evaluable TAD patients, 105 (50%) achieved CR; of 187 DA, 97 (52%) achieved CR. AVML yielded only 15 CR among 59 patients (25%). The time to remission was significantly shorter with DA compared with TAD. Ninety-seven patients were randomized to maintenance therapy (35 B/A, 30 BCG, 32 NFT). There were no differences in remission duration (7, 8, 6 months) or survival (16, 22, 16 months, respectively). Manipulation of the cell cycle, as employed in this study, was not helpful. There may be a marginal effect of BCG, but our data fail to show a statistically significant benefit. PMID- 7039815 TI - An analysis of chromosome findings in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - Banding studies were done on tissues from tumors excised from 22 Japanese patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. All tumors were found to be associated with aneuploidy. The chromosome abnormalities were diverse, with each chromosome type being involved in these abnormalities. Terminal deletions, derivative chromosomes as a result of unbalanced or nonreciprocal translocations, and markers of totally or partially unknown origin accounted for the majority of the structural abnormalities. Balanced reciprocal translocations were seen only occasionally. The 14q+, 6q-, partial trisomy of 1q, 11q+, 18q+, and 19q+ abnormalities were seen in more than two patients. The incidence of a missing sex chromosome was significantly higher than that of autosomes, but no particular other karyotypic abnormality seemed to be associated with the event. All six patients whose chromosomes could be totally characterized were in complete remission. Patients with one or more markers of unknown either totally or partially origin, had a median survival of only 8 months (p less than 0.01). Five of the former six patients showed a nodular histology. Fifteen of the latter 16 patients had a diffuse histology, with 13 of the 15 having diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. The median survival of 9.5 months for the 14 with only abnormal metaphases in the lymphatic tissues (AA-group) was shorter than the 26+ months for the seven patients with both normal and abnormal metaphases (AN-group). Thus certain aspects of chromosomal changes appear to correlate with histology and/or prognosis in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 7039814 TI - Combination chemotherapy of advanced colorectal cancer utilizing 5-fluorouracil, semustine, dacarbazine, vincristine, and hydroxyurea: a phase III trial by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (EST: 4275). AB - Patients who had measurable evidence of recurrent or metastatic colorectal carcinoma following surgery and radiotherapy but no prior chemotherapy were randomized to one of five combination chemotherapy programs. Four of the treatments utilized five consecutive days of fluorouracil (FU) (days 1--5 and days 36--40) plus one oral dose of semustine (ME) (day 1) every ten weeks: (A) FU + ME; (B) FU + ME + vincristine (VC) (day 1 and day 36); (C) FU + ME + dacarbazine (DC) (days 1, 2, 36, 37); (D) FU + ME + VC + DC. The fifth treatment option(E) used a weekly treatment program of FU I.V. on day 1 plus hydroxyurea (HU) P.O. on day 4. The overall response rate was 13% (60/472) and the median survival time from start of therapy for all patients was 31 weeks. The response rate and the median survival time for each combination was (A) 9/103 = 9%, 26 weeks; (B) 10/92 = 11%, 28 weeks; (C) 15/101 = 15%, 37 weeks; (D) 11/91 = 12%, 27 weeks; (E) 15/85 = 18%, 38 weeks. There is no statistical difference in response rate or survival duration among any of the treatment options. The therapies containing DC produced the only complete responses (3 patients on treatment C and 2 on D). Treatment D was also associated with the longest median response duration (Treatment D = 55 weeks). Treatment A (FU + ME) was associated with the highest incidence of life-threatening toxicity. PMID- 7039816 TI - Current status of cytogenetic studies in animal tumors with special reference to nonrandom chromosome changes. PMID- 7039817 TI - Cytogenetics of preleukemia. PMID- 7039818 TI - Effect of cis- and trans-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) on human tumor cell proliferation in diffusion chambers in vivo. AB - The cis and trans isomers of dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (DDP) were tested for their ability to inhibit human tumor cell proliferation in vivo. Cell-impermeable diffusion chambers containing KB target cells were surgically implanted in the peritoneal cavities of Fischer rats, which were, 1 day later, given i.p. injections of cis-DDP (0.25 to 8.0 mg/kg), trans-DDP (8.0 mg/kg), or 0.9% NaCl solution. Radiolabeled cis- and trans-[195mPt]DDPs were used to monitor the diffusion of DDP within the chamber fluid and the binding or uptake of DDP by the target cells. Cell counts following injection showed that cis-DDP induced a progressive, dose-dependent loss in cell number so that, by the second day, the chambers of animals receiving cis-DDP (8 mg/kg) contained less than 10% of the cell number found in the control or trans-DDP-treated chambers. Despite the relative lack of biological activity of the transisomer, between 2- and 3-fold greater levels of 195mPt activity were detected in the fluid and target cells in chambers of animals receiving trans-[195mPt[DDP compared to cis-[195mPt]-DDP injected animals. Scanning electron micrographs of target cells from cis-DDP treated rats showed certain morphological features (cell surface blebs and the appearance of giant cells) that were not found in control target cell populations. The diffusion chamber system was shown to be a reproducible, sensitive assay system which differentiated between cis-DDP, a potent antitumor drug, and trans-DDP, a biologically ineffective isomer. In addition, it was possible using 195mPt-labeled DDP in this assay system to quantitate the relative concentrations of the two isomers both surrounding and within the target cells. PMID- 7039819 TI - Inhibition of methylazoxymethanol-induced intestinal tumors in the rat by pyrazole with paradoxical effects on skin and kidney. AB - Methylazoxymethanol is a potent carcinogen and induces tumors predominantly of the small intestine and colon following a single injection. Previous data indicated that alcohol dehydrogenase could convert this carcinogen to a reactive alkylating agent. Rats were treated with an inhibitor of this enzyme, pyrazole, 2 hr prior to their receiving the carcinogen. The development of intestinal and colonic tumors was prevented. The rats did, however, develop numerous tumors of the skin and kidney. Analyses of the complete autopsies are presented. The data indicate that intestinal and colonic alcohol dehydrogenase plays a role in the tumorigenic effects of methylazoxymethanol and that other non-pyrazole-sensitive enzymes exist in other organs that can also activate this carcinogen. PMID- 7039820 TI - Inhibition of cellular division of a murine macrophage tumor by macrophage activating agents. AB - Although the murine reticulum cell sarcoma M5076 is highly malignant in vivo, in vitro it displays many of the functional characteristics of an activated macrophage, such as phagocytosis and tumor cytotoxicity. This study was designed to determine what effect macrophage-activating agents would have on the function and growth of M5076 cells. Exposure of M5076 tumor cells to substances that activate normal macrophages to the tumoricidal state rapidly and irreversibly induced cessation of cellular division. The treated tumor cells, however, retained the same characteristics as those of untreated M5076 cells in vitro with respect to viability and the activated macrophage functions of phagocytosis and tumor cytotoxicity. Even after a short exposure to lipopolysaccharide, the ability of M5076 cells, injected i.v. into syngeneic mice, to form tumor nodules was greatly reduced. These results indicate that a highly malignant tumor of macrophage origin, M5076, can be induced to cease cellular division while retaining the functional attributes of an activated macrophage. We speculate that the exposure of M5076 to macrophage-activating agents results in the induction of terminal differentiation of this tumor. PMID- 7039821 TI - Pharmacology of 13-cis-retinoic acid in humans. AB - Vitamin A and its analogs (retinoids) have shown great promise for the chemoprevention of cancer as well as being a possible new class of chemotherapeutic agents. A Phase I and II trial of 13-cis-retinoic acid in advanced cancers was initiated, and the clinical pharmacology of the drug was studied. All patients received p.o. 13-cis-retinoic acid starting at 0.5 mg/kg/day, escalating over 4 weeks to a maximum dose of 8 mg/kg/day in divided doses. Although there was a linear correlation of plasma concentration with dose escalation, large inter-individual variations in peak plasma concentrations were noted. At the maximum drug dose, the mean peak plasma concentration was 4 X 10( 6) M. There was little drug accumulation on this schedule, as trough concentrations between p.o. doses often dropped below 1 X 10(-6) M. The drug was metabolized extensively to a metabolite, the concentrations of which exceeding parent 13-cis-retinoic acid concentrations with chronic dosing. Retinol concentrations were below the normal range. PMID- 7039824 TI - Treatment of multiple myeloma. PMID- 7039822 TI - Pharmacokinetics of 13-cis-retinoic acid in patients with advanced cancer. AB - 13-cis-Retinoic acid (13-CRA) is a synthetic analog of vitamin A effective reversing preneoplastic lesions in both humans and animals. To study its physiochemical properties and disposition kinetics, we developed a rapid, sensitive, and precise high-performance liquid chromatography assay for 13-CRA in biological samples. This assay system resulted in a clear separation of 13-CRA from all-trans-retinoic acid and retinol and had a detection limit of 20 ng/ml plasma. Recovery was 89 +/- 6% (S.D.) at equivalent physiological concentrations with a precision of 8%. To study the disposition kinetics in humans, 13 patients received a p.o. bolus of 13-CRA and had blood samples collected at timed intervals. For the 10 patients studied on the first day of 13-CRA administration, the mean time to peak plasma concentration was 222 +/- 102 min. Interpatient peak 13-CRA plasma concentrations were found to be variable, suggesting irregular gastrointestinal absorption. Beta-Phase t 1/2 was approximately 25 hr. The prolonged terminal-phase plasma half-life may represent biliary excretion and enterohepatic circulation. PMID- 7039823 TI - The CUP syndrome (carcinoma unknown primary). PMID- 7039825 TI - Quantitative aspects of drug-mediated tumour promotion in liver and its toxicological implications. PMID- 7039826 TI - Promotion in bladder cancer. PMID- 7039827 TI - Studies on the multistage nature of radiation carcinogenesis. PMID- 7039828 TI - Specificity and mechanism(s) of promoter inhibitors in multistage promotion. PMID- 7039829 TI - Phenotypic and chromosomal alterations in cell cultures as indicators of tumor promoting activity. PMID- 7039830 TI - TPA reversibly blocks the differentiation of chick myogenic, chondrogenic, and melanogenic cells. PMID- 7039831 TI - In vitro studies on the mechanism of tumor promoter-mediated inhibition of cell differentiation. PMID- 7039832 TI - Tumour-promoter-induced proliferation of 3T3 cells in independent of prostaglandin release and ornithine decarboxylase induction. PMID- 7039833 TI - Specific binding of phorbol ester tumor promoters to mouse tissues and cultured cells. AB - Phorbol esters bind to mouse tissues and chick embryo fibroblasts in a specific, saturable, and reversible fashion. The binding site, located in the membrane fraction, is heat and protease sensitive. Binding can be measured most readily with [3H]PDBu. Binding of [3H]PDBu is of high affinity and is inhibited competitively by nonradioactive phorbol esters; the dissociation constants of the phorbol esters correspond quantitatively to their respective biological and tumor promoting activities. Of particular significance, highly inflammatory but weakly promoting or nonpromoting diterpene esters are much less potent than PMA. Binding of [3H]PMA has been measured directly. The results confirm that PMA and PDBu interact at the same major high-affinity binding site. [3H]PDBu binding is entropy driven. The equilibrium dissociation constant is independent of temperature, whereas the off-rate is highly temperature dependent. In vivo, specific binding activity increases during embryonic development. It also shows considerable variation among tissues. In the mouse, highest binding activity, 28 pmole/mg, is in the brain (skin, for example, binds 3.9 pmole/mg). Between regions of he brain, 10-fold differences in binding activity are found. The high level of phorbol ester binding in brain suggests that the phorbol ester receptor plays a functional rather than an exclusively information-transducing role in the cell. Growth of cells in the presence of PDBu causes marked down-modulation of phorbol ester receptors. In the GH4C1 rat pituitary cell line, receptor number is decreased by 80% in 24 hr. In membrane preparations, the phorbol ester binding affinity is calcium sensitive. It has been speculated that endogenous ligands interacting at the phorbol ester receptor may exist. The finding that the supernatant fraction from boiled or acidified brain inhibits [3H]PDBu binding is therefore exciting. PMID- 7039834 TI - Inhibition of cell-cell communication by tumor promoters. PMID- 7039835 TI - Results and speculations related to recent studies on mechanisms of tumor promotion. PMID- 7039836 TI - Suppression of natural tumor resistance by tumor promoters. AB - The findings of the present and other studies (4,7) show that TPA and other tumor promoting esters suppress various in vitro manifestations of natural cell mediated tumor resistance: (a) prevention of enhancement of macrophage cytocidal activity; (b) suppression of cytocidal capacity by activated macrophages; and (c) suppression of cytolytic activity of NK cells. Moreover, they abrogate host tumor resistance in vivo. These suppressive effects of tumor promoters on natural antitumor effector systems may constitute a fundamental mechanism in carcinogenesis. PMID- 7039837 TI - Nutritional modulation of cancer. PMID- 7039838 TI - Mutagenic activity of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee. AB - Two types of coffee (caffeinated and decaffeinated) were tested for their mutagenicity using bacterial strains using TA98 and TA100 in Ames Salmonella/Microsome test. According to the Ames criteria, both were found to be mutagenic in the absence of S-9. The mutagens did not require liver enzymes to be activated. PMID- 7039839 TI - Vasodilators in congestive heart failure. PMID- 7039840 TI - Single-blind comparison of cinoxacin and nitrofurantoin in the treatment of urinary tract infection. AB - A single-blind comparison was undertaken to evaluate 250 mg of cinoxacin and 100 mg of nitrofurantoin, both drugs being given four times a day, for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Complete data are available from 58 patients, most of whom were treated for 10 to 15 days. The clinical response was similar in both treatment groups, only one patient in the nitrofurantoin group having a recurrence of symptoms in the posttreatment follow-up period. In one patient in the cinoxacin group, the pathogen was not eradicated, and two patients who received nitrofurantoin had a reinfection with a new pathogen. Four patients stopped treatment early in the study because of side effects attributed to the trial drugs (three on cinoxacin, one on nitrofurantoin). Of the patients who completed the study, only six complained of side effects (two on cinoxacin, four on nitrofurantoin). The results of this study show that cinoxacin is a useful drug for the treatment of urinary tract infection due to susceptible organisms. PMID- 7039841 TI - Methyldopa: single daily dose versus multiple daily dose. AB - A single-blind, prospective, crossover study of 27 ambulatory hypertensive outpatients was conducted to compare the antihypertensive effects of single daily dose versus multiple daily dose methyldopa regimens. Patients were randomly assigned to the two treatment modalities for a four-week study period. After four weeks patients were crossed over to the other study regimen. Each patient's blood pressure was determined three times daily, once each week. At the end of the study both treatment modalities were equally effective in controlling blood pressure levels. No serious adverse reactions were detected. This study has shown that patients currently on divided daily doses of methyldopa can be effectively treated on a single total dose of the medication. PMID- 7039842 TI - [Concept of cell-receptors in pathogenesis and clinics of diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7039843 TI - Mechanisms of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation of normal human lymphocytes: 'trigger' 'push' or both? AB - The growth in volume of human peripheral blood lymphocytes after stimulation with various concentrations of PHA was measured with an electronic particle counter. The percentage of growing cells and averaged values describing their growth rates during the elapsed period of culture were estimated by fitting to the observed data the volume distributions derived from a mathematical model. With sub-optimal doses, the percentage of cells stimulated , and their incremental growth rate, increased with increasing dose of PHA, but the time-course of recruitment into the G1-phase was similar with all PHA concentrations studied. The results provide strong support for the 'trigger' hypothesis that there is a distribution of stimulation thresholds within the lymphocyte population: consequently, increasing mitogen concentration will be expected to result in increased numbers of responding cells within the suboptimal concentration range. PMID- 7039844 TI - Image analysis for the automated estimation of clonal growth and its application to the growth of smooth muscle cells. AB - Image analysis was used for the automated measurement of colony frequency (f) and colony diameter (d) in cultures of smooth muscle cells, Initial studies with the inverted microscope showed that number of cells (N) in a colony varied directly with d: log N = 1.98 log d - 3.469 Image analysis generated the complement of a cumulative distribution for f as a function of d. The number of cells in each segment of the distribution function was calculated by multiplying f and the average N for the segment. These data were displayed as a cumulative distribution function. The total number of colonies (fT) and the total number of cells (NT) were used to calculate the average colony size (NA). Population doublings (PD) were then expressed as log2 NA. Image analysis confirmed previous studies in which colonies were sized and counted with an inverted microscope. Thus, image analysis is a rapid and automated technique for the measurement of clonal growth. PMID- 7039845 TI - Glycoprotein synthesis and migration in beta cells of the islets of Langerhans as shown by quantitative light- and electron-microscopic radioautography. AB - L-3H-fucose was injected intravenously into rats that were killed from 10 min to 7 days after isotope administration. Semi-thin and thin sections of the islets of Langerhans were processed for light- and electron-microscopic radioautography, respectively, and analyzed quantitatively. L-3H-fucose was incorporated into newly synthesized glycoproteins in the Golgi apparatus of the beta cells and subsequently labeled glycoproteins migrated to secretory granules and plasma membrane. Therefore, some of the glycoproteins synthesized by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans are destined for the renewal of plasma membrane. Although the labeling of the secretory granules was clearly demonstrated, it was not possible to decide if the newly formed glycoproteins are incorporated into the content or into the membrane of the granule. Thus, the fate as well as the function of secretory-granule glycoproteins could not be determined precisely. Several hypothesis concerning the presence of glycoproteins in the secretory granules in relation with insulin metabolism are considered. PMID- 7039846 TI - Cellular localization of thiol-proteinase inhibitor in the epidermis of the newborn rat. AB - Subcellular distribution of a thiol-proteinase inhibitor protein was determined in the epidermis of the newborn rat by light and electron microscopy. This protein was highly soluble in basal cells and concentrated on ribosomes in the perinuclear region. Solubility in Tris buffer decreased in granular and cornified cells in which the protein appeared on polysomes which were attached on other cellular structures such as dense homogenous deposits and tonofilaments. The protein also appeared to be deposited on the plasma membrane and became insoluble in Tris buffer at 37 degrees C, but solubilized in 1 M phosphate buffer. Location of the protein around keratohyalin granules or by the plasma membrane suggested that the inhibitor protein bound to cysteine-rich protein of the epidermis with or without forming a thiol-proteinase inhibitor complex. The thiol-proteinase inhibitor protein seems to contribute to epidermal cell differentiation at multiple points through changes in its solubility and subcellular localization from basal cells to cornified cells. PMID- 7039847 TI - Two differentially regulated mRNAs with different 5' ends encode secreted with intracellular forms of yeast invertase. AB - The SUC2 gene of yeast (Saccharomyces) encodes two forms of invertase: a secreted, glycosylated form, the synthesis of which is regulated by glucose repression, and an intracellular, nonglycosylated enzyme that is produced constitutively. The SUC2 gene has been cloned and shown to encode two RNAs (1.8 and 1.9 kb) that differ at their 5' ends. The stable level of the larger RNA is regulated by glucose; the level of the smaller RNA is not. A correspondence between the presence of the 1.9 kb RNA and the secreted invertase, and between the 1.8 kb RNA and the intracellular invertase, was observed in glucose-repressed and -derepressed wild-type cells. In addition, cells carrying a mutation at the SNF1 locus fail to derepress synthesis of the secreted invertase and also fail to produce stable 1.9 kb RNA during growth in low glucose. Glucose regulation of invertase synthesis thus is exerted, at least in part, at the RNA level. A naturally silent allele (suc2 degrees) of the SUC2 locus that does not direct the synthesis of active invertase was found to produce both the 1.8 and 1.9 kb RNAs under normal regulation by glucose. A model is proposed to account for the synthesis and regulation of the two forms of invertase: the larger, regulated mRNA contains the initiation codon for the signal sequence required for synthesis of the secreted, glycosylated form of invertase; the smaller, constitutively transcribed mRNA begins within the coding region of the signal sequence, resulting in synthesis of the intracellular enzyme. PMID- 7039848 TI - Alterations of acidic and neutral glycopeptides during the post-natal growth period of the mouse. AB - We have examined the electrophoretic pattern of mannose-labelled glycopeptides derived from liver, pancreas, heart, brain, lung and kidney. The various organs were removed from white Swiss mice of 4-5, 20 and 40 days of age as well as from adult animals. Our data demonstrated that each organ had a characteristic ratio of acidic to neutral glycopeptides and that this ratio, in some cases, was substantially modified as the animal grew, consistent with the hypothesis that these changes might play an important role in the development and physiological function of organs. PMID- 7039849 TI - Studies on the mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of serum thymic factor on murine allograft immunity. PMID- 7039850 TI - [30 years of the Research Institute at the Czechoslovak Ministry of Health]. PMID- 7039851 TI - [Myocardial protection of the homograft. III - Evaluation of ventricular fibrillations with hypothermic coronary perfusion (author's transl)]. AB - The homotransplanted heart is in severe failure in the immediate post-operative period, secondary to ischemia inherent to the technic of orthotopic transplantation. The present work was carried out to investigate if ventricular fibrillation followed by cold coronary perfusion could protect the homograft during implantation by evaluating the post-operative cardiac performance. In the control group, 7 hearts were excised, immediately immersed in physiological saline at 5 degrees C, and homotransplanted. In a second group of 4 grafts, ventricular fibrillation was induced and the coronary bed was perfused immediately with cold (5 degrees C) extracellular solution for a period of 10 minutes before orthotopic implantation. All animals were prepared at the end of surgery for hemodynamic studies to be carried out 3, 24 and 48 hours post operatively in the resting state. In group I, the myocardial temperature dropped to 13.5 degrees C in 14.5 minutes. In group II, the hypothermia by perfusion was more rapid and deeper (11 degrees C within 10 minutes). Three hours post operatively, cardiac function of group II was superior to that of group I as demonstrated by the increase of cardiac index (39%), stroke volume index (41%) mean systolic ejection rate index (44%), maximum systolic flow index (58%), maximum acceleration index (36%), stroke power index (88%), stroke work index (67%). Twenty-four and forty-eight hours post-operatively the cardio-vascular function improved in both groups but remained superior in group II. These results demonstrate that ventricular fibrillation followed by cold coronary perfusion increases protection of the homograft during the initial period of implantation. PMID- 7039852 TI - Evidence for the existence of distinct nitroreductases in Salmonella typhimurium: roles in mutagenesis. AB - Previous studies on the mutagenicity of nitroheterocyclics and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons had indicted the probable existence in Salmonella typhimurium of a multiplicity of nitroreductase activities of varying specificities which are required for the expression of the mutagenicity of nitro containing chemicals. In the present study evidence is presented that these activities reside in different gene products: (a) strains totally lacking in the nitroreductase which recognizes niridazole and related substances are not mutagenized by this group of chemicals and yet they are fully responsive to the mutagenic action of dinitropyrenes; (b) double mutants which have lost both types of specificities can be constructed. Finally, the presence of a third type of nitroreductase with a specificity for 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide is implied by the finding that the nitroreductase-deficient strains described herein retain full sensitivity to the mutagenic action of this chemical. PMID- 7039853 TI - Mutagenicity of azo dyes in the Salmonella/activation test. AB - The detection of certain bis-azo biphenyl dyes (Trypan blue, Evans blue and Congo red) by a modification of the standard Ames test protocol is reported. Detection of a mutagenic response required both the inclusion of FMN in S-9 mix and use of a static pre-incubation step prior to addition of top-agar and pouring in the usual manner. Evidence is presented to substantiate the proposal that use of this protocol provides optimal conditions for the two stages of activation required for the production of mutagenic metabolites from these dyes. These are (i) initial flavin-mediated (hepatic) azo reduction resulting in the formation of proximate mutagenic metabolites followed by (ii) the oxidative metabolism by S-9 resulting in the formation of ultimately mutagenic products. PMID- 7039854 TI - Evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene and its implications regarding mutagenicity testing. AB - Tumor promoters are compounds which dramatically enhance the appearance of tumors when chronically applied after an initiating dose of a carcinogen. Initiators are generally considered mutagens while promoters have previously been shown not to induce either DNA damage or mutations. 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene (2,4-DNFB), a compound used in the identification of N-terminal amino acids of polypeptides, had been previously reported to be a tumor promoter in mouse skin, while other investigators have found it to be a mutagen in bacteria and yeast. To investigate this apparent discrepancy, we chose to study the carcinogenic potential of 2,4 DNFB utilizing various methods available in V79 Chinese hamster cells. 2,4-DNFB exposure did not result in any unscheduled DNA synthesis a measure of DNA excision repair, nor did it increase the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in V79 cells either in the presence or absence of rat liver postmitochondrial supernatant (S-15). Forward mutations in V79 cells, either to ouabain or 6 thioguanine resistance, were not induced by 2,4-DNFB, in the presence or absence of S-15. 2,4-DNFB was, however, able to induce reversions in methionine-requiring E. coli auxotrophs in a dose-dependent fashion. Phylogenetic differences between lower organisms and mammals may account for this discordance. 2,4-DNFB was found to inhibit metabolic cooperation, in a dose dependent manner, in V79 cells. This property has previously been shown to be correlated with tumor promoting ability in mouse skin. Therefore, we conclude that the carcinogenic potential of 2,4-DNFB might reside in its ability as a tumor promoter and not as a carcinogenic initiator. Furthermore, these studies serve to illustrate the need for caution when extrapolating bacterial data for risk assessment in humans. PMID- 7039855 TI - Caffeine inhibits DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli: studies in vitro. AB - Caffeine inhibits the activity of DNA polymerase I (E. coli) and its proteolytic large fragment in in vitro DNA replication system. DNA polymerase from Micrococcus luteus is also equally inhibited by caffeine. The extent of inhibition was more with the activated adenovirus, T4 and calf thymus DNA than with synthetic DNA template-primers. Results obtained from time-course studies indicated that caffeine inhibition reached maximum by 30 min of incubation. Enzyme kinetic studies showed that inhibition was competitive with respect to DNA template. PMID- 7039856 TI - Leukaemogenic and mutagenic activity of the butyrophenon, 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4 hydroxy-1-piperidinyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanone (haloperidol). AB - Development of mainly monocytic-myeloid leukaemias was observed in two strains of mice upon i.p. administration of 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl]-1 (4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanone (haloperidol), an antipsychotic drug. Haloperidol was also shown to be mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella test system. PMID- 7039857 TI - Effect of endotoxin and glucocorticoid pretreatment on hexose monophosphate shunt activity in rat liver. AB - The acceleration of glycolysis by the Embden-Meyerhof pathway (EMP) in endotoxic and septic states and its counteraction by glucocorticoids has been demonstrated by past research. Although the glycolytic contribution of the hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt is minor, its response during endotoxemia, if similar to that of EMP, could be theoretical interest, Fasted male rats (150-260 gm) were sacrificed at 5 hr after IV injection of E coli endotoxin in dosages of 2 or 3 mg/100 gm rat weight: LD50 (Nm= 15). A second group received 1 mg dexamethasone (DMS) IV per 100 gm rat weight simultaneously with endotoxin (N = 15). Livers were homogenized in 0.25 M cold sucrose and centrifuged at 15,000 g for 20 min. Specific activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in control livers (N = 17) was 7.1 nmoles of substrate consumed per min/mg biuret protein. Endotoxin raised G6PDH activity by 49% to 10.64 units, and the endotoxin-DMS protected group was 6.0 units. Levels of 6-phosphogluconate (6PG) were also measured in frozen liver biopsies from similar groups of rats. Liver 6PG concentrations of control (N = 15), endotoxic (N = 15), and endotoxified-DMS treated (N = 9) groups were 22.5, 14.3, and 17.6 nmoles/gm wet tissue, respectively. The data indicate a significant 36% acceleration in 6PG consumption during endotoxemia, which is not blocked by DMS. The cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), decreased significantly by 18% from the control level of 152 nmoles/gm liver (N = 9) during endotoxemia, and this fall was not corrected by DMS. In a small group (N = 6), sedoheptulose-7-phosphate declined from the control value of 76 nmoles/gm wet liver by 38% after endotoxification. It is concluded that endotoxin stimulates G6PDH, the initial enzyme of the HMP pathway, and accelerates consumption of several intermediates, Glucocorticoid prevents the enzyme activity increase but does not restore 6PC and NADP concentrations to normal levels, suggesting that different enzyme sites along the HMP shunt may have unequal responses to DMS. PMID- 7039858 TI - Glucose turnover five hours following endotoxin administration to normal and diabetic rats. AB - Glucose turnovers were measured in fasted anesthetized diabetic and normal rats prior to and 5 hours following Escherichia coli endotoxin (ET) administration. Plasma glucose, lactate, blood pH, and hematocrit were also measured. Blood pressure, heart rate, and urine flow were monitored throughout. ET treatment led to an equivalent fall in blood pressure in both diabetic and normal rats, accompanied by a rising heart rate. ET treatment resulted in a significant elevation of plasma glucose in diabetic, but not in normal rats. Plasma lactates rose in both ET-treated groups endotoxin increased glucose turnover both in diabetic and normal rats. ET did not alter glycosuria of diabetic rats, and urine flow was not affected. A significant increased urine flow was measured in normal ET rats. The results reported here indicate that hepatic glucose output was increased by ET treatment in both normal and diabetic rats, and that this elevation was maintained for at least 5 hours. Metabolic clearance rate of glucose was not altered in the diabetic rats following ET, although it was markedly elevated in the normal animals. This, the insulin-like effect of ET as indicated by changes in metabolic clearance rate was absent in the diabetic rats. PMID- 7039859 TI - Does LD100 E coli shock cause myocardial failure? AB - We have documented that myocardial dysfunction occurs in canine endotoxin shock and have designed this study to determine the effect of lethal live E coli induced shock on the myocardium. Small adult heart "donor" dogs (wt range 6-9 kg) were infused with LD100 E coli (N = 12) or saline (N = 16) for 30 minutes. Two hours later, heart transfer surgery was initiated and once completed the isolated working left ventricle was allowed to equilibrate in the extracorporeal circuit of a "support" dog (wt range 22-32 kg). Myocardial performance was then evaluated by changing mean aortic pressure while controlling cardiac output. Three to five hours after E coli infusion, marked myocardial dysfunction occurred in 75% of the hearts as evidenced by increased left ventricular and diastolic pressures and depressed peak positive and negative dP/dt at every mean aortic pressure tested compared with control hearts. Myocardial efficiency and power were depressed, oxygen uptake was elevated, and coronary blood flow was unchanged in E coli treated compared with control hearts. Data support the presence of heart dysfunction in gram-negative septic shock. PMID- 7039860 TI - Interactions between intrarenal epinephrine receptors and the renal baroreceptor in the control of PRA in conscious dogs. PMID- 7039862 TI - Reproducibility of prick skin tests to five allergens. AB - Thirty-five patients had prick skin tests to the common allergens Candida albicans. Aspergillus fumigatus, grass pollen, horse dander and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus performed on a regular basis from Autumn 1973 to Autumn 1975. Specific IgE to the same allergens (except C. albicans) was determined at the time of skin testing for the first five seasons. It was found that the position on the volar aspect of the forearm on which the test was performed did not affect the reaction. There was a significant variation in the percentage of patients with positive skin tests to A. fumigatus, grass pollen and horse dander with the latter showing as significant decrease with time. There was evidence of variation in weal size for all but C. albicans, and for grass pollen, horse dander and D. pteronyssinus there were reduction in weal size with time. Significant differences were found for results of Log specific IgE for grass pollen and D. pteronyssinus over the study, but there was no trend. A good correlation between weal size and Log specific IgE for grass pollens and D. pteronyssinus was observed. For the four allergens, the coefficient of concordance between IgE levels within patients for the five seasons was highly significant. PMID- 7039861 TI - Contribution of thromboxane to renal resistance changes in the isolated perfused hydronephrotic rabbit kidney. AB - Thromboxane A2 is not produced in normal rabbit kidneys, but its synthesis is induced in numerous renal pathological states. The presence of this potent vasoconstrictor could readily compromise renal hemodynamics. We found that the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, OKY-1581 (sodium-3-[4,3-pyridylmethyl)phenyl]-2 methylacrylate) is effective in the perfused hydronephrotic kidney in selectively inhibiting thromboxane production without altering prostaglandin E2 or prostacyclin release. The vasoactive peptides bradykinin and angiotensin cause the hydronephrotic kidney to produce thromboxane A2, which results in a profound renal vasoconstriction which is reversed by pretreatment with OKY-1581. Thus, OKY 1581 provides a powerful tool which can be used to assess the participation of thromboxane in pathophysiological states and to ascertain the therapeutic potential of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors in numerous disease states. PMID- 7039863 TI - Clinical symptoms and results of skin test, RAST and bronchial provocation test in thirty-three papain workers: evidence for strong immunogenic potency and clinically relevant 'proteolytic effects of airborne papain'. AB - Seventeen out of thirty-three workers who have been exposed to airborne papain at their place of work regularly developed asthmatic symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, sneezing, rhinorrhea and conjunctival irritation upon contact with this proteolytic enzyme. Investigations by RAST, skin test and bronchial provocation test proved IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to papain in fourteen symptomatic workers. Ten of these were in a screening investigation involving twenty-nine of the thirty-three workers; i.e. the incidence of IgE mediated sensitization was 34.5% of this group. Bronchial provocation of as little as 0.001--0.5 mg of papain was shown to elicit immediate or dual asthmatic reactions in all eight tested workers with RAST values greater than 3 u/ml. On the other hand, inhalation of 0.5 mg of papain did not cause any remarkable change in non-exposed asthmatics. Occupation-related blood-stained nasal secretions and/or cutaneous flare reactions in all four heavily-exposed papain workers, of whom three had negative skin test and RAST results, suggest a direct effect of the proteolytically active enzyme on human tissue. There was a significant elevation (P less than 0.001) of serum trypsin inhibitory capacity in papain workers which seems to depend on the degree of exposure. No significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic workers in alpha 1-antitrypsin (Pi) phenotype subtypes were found. PMID- 7039864 TI - Biochemical aids to the staging of breast cancer. AB - Up to fifteen plasma proteins were measured before treatment in 249 women presenting with lumps in the breast. Concentrations showed considerable overlap between the various clinical stages, and were often normal even in metastatic disease. A discriminant function is proposed, based on measurement of C-reactive protein, beta 2-microglobulin, carcinoembryonic antigen and ferritin and calculation of a score for each subject. High-risk scores resulted for all 18 patients with Stage 4 (i.e., metastatic) disease, and the number of Stage 1 patients attaining high scores was consistent with the reported incidence of development of metastases in such a group. Follow-up studies are in progress. PMID- 7039865 TI - Patients who seek unproven cancer remedies: a psychological perspective. AB - When it is discovered that cancer has recurred, patients experience a period of acute emotional distress, with increased anxiety, fear, a sense of helplessness, and depression. Well meaning colleagues, friends and relatives feel compelled to tell them about unorthodox their cancer "cures," including anecdotes about their success. These unproven remedies currently tend to fit with holistic health concepts and are aimed at enhancing the body's own defenses; most involve the use of chemicals or drugs, nutritional supports and vitamins, vaccines and mind-body techniques. Laetrile has been the most popular unorthodox remedy in the past decade. The distraught patient and family are deluged with information and have trouble evaluating the valid approach from the invalid. Physicians who treat with cancer should make sure they themselves understand the emotional basis for a patient's need to pursue unorthodox remedies. The risk is heightened when the patient senses the doctor has "given up" and has "nothing more to offer." They should feel able to ask questions about unproven remedies without fear that the physician will be judgmental or punitive. Participation in a clinical trial of a new and promising treatment under investigation, within the full protection of ethical guidelines, should be suggested as an alternative to unproven treatments outside the medical system which are not subject to the same constraints. PMID- 7039866 TI - Immunodeficiencies in Hodgkin's Disease. Part II: B cell immunity, complement systems and phagocytic cell systems. PMID- 7039868 TI - FLow-injection analysis: a new approach to quantitative measurements in clinical chemistry. AB - Flow-injection analysis, founded on an approach that is entirely different from continuous-flow analysis, involves use of three principles: sample "injection," controlled dispersion of sample (rather than a dispersion retarded with gas bubbles), and reproducible timing. The conditions governing the dispersion of the sample in the flowing carrier stream are considered, and we illustrate how the dispersion can be manipulated to suit particular analytical requirements. Instrumentation and practical aspects of flow-injection analyses are discussed, especially with regard to clinical chemistry applications, and the technique is compared with the more conventional gas-segmented-flow analysis system. We conclude that, because of its speed, economy, and simplicity, flow-injection analysis will eventually replace the gas-segmented approach for many clinical chemistry analyses. PMID- 7039867 TI - Lessons of the laetrile study. PMID- 7039869 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. AB - An immunochemical method for quantitative analysis of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2), band 5, is presented. This method involves precipitation of the enzyme from the serum by the antibody specific to band 5 and by sheep anti-rabbit immunoglobulin, followed by analysis of the enzyme activity in the precipitate. The precipitation procedure eliminates the interferences of the tartrate-sensitive phosphatase of all tissues, of the tartrate-resistant phosphatase of erythrocytes, and of unknown substances that interfere with the colorimetric method. We compare the present method with previously described colorimetric and electrophoretic methods. PMID- 7039870 TI - [In vitro supplementation of pyridoxal phosphate for the optimisation of the determination of the catalytic activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in kidney transplant patients (author's transl)]. AB - Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is the coenzyme of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Thus, in vitro supplementation with PLP is important for the optimisation of the determination of catalytic activity of both enzymes. It patients with kidney transplants, stimulation by PLP is very important for ALT activity, which could be affected by plasma PLP deficiency. Furthermore, in this population catalytic activities are more frequently found increased using methods with PLP supplementation than without PLP supplementation (56% and 71% of patients for AST and ALT, respectively). These differences are not related to HBs antigen. PMID- 7039871 TI - The application of gel filtration, immunonephelometry and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry to the study of the distribution of copper-, iron- and zinc-bound constituents in human amniotic fluid. AB - Gel filtration with Sephacryl S-300 was used to fractionate copper-, iron-, and zinc-bound proteins and low molecular mass constituents in samples of amniotic fluid collected at delivery. The fractions were analysed for copper, iron and zinc by electrothermal (carbon furnace) atomic absorption spectrometry. The proteins associated with these metals were determined by immunonephelometry. The results showed that caeruloplasmin, transferrin and albumin are the major proteins that bind copper, iron and zinc, respectively. Less than 10% of the metals, except iron, recovered from the column was bound to low molecular mass constituents. Comparisons between the distribution of these elements in amniotic fluid and serum are shown and discussed. PMID- 7039872 TI - A fluorescence immunoassay for soluble antigens employing flow cytometric detection. AB - A "sandwich" fluorescence immunoassay is described which does not require the physical separation of bound from free label. Antibody coated microspheres, sample and fluorescent antibody are reacted together as in a conventional 'sandwich' immunoassay except that separation and washing steps are omitted. After the reaction is completed, the suspension is introduced directly into a flow cytometer equipped with a laser light source and both fluorescent and scattered light detection capabilities. By gating fluorescence light accumulation on scattered light pulses, particles associated fluorescence may be selectively measured. The system was evaluated in a model immunoassay for human immunoglobulin (hIgG), employing anti-hIgG coated microspheres (1--5 micrometer and 40--50 micrometer polyacrylamide beads and 30--40 micrometer dextran beads), fluorescein-labeled rabbit anti-hIgG and a Spectrum III flow cytometer. Sensitivities of 10 ng/ml and intra-assay precisions of 2--10% were achieved in a serum matrix. The approach potentially provides a general nonseparation immunoassay format for quantitatively measuring both small and large molecular weight soluble antigens, as well as cell surface antigens. PMID- 7039873 TI - Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia in relation to hyperglycemia in insulin-treated diabetic out-patients. AB - Interrelations between glucose and electrolyte homeostasis were evaluated in 193 insulin-treated diabetic out-patients. All had normal serum creatinine and were studied during their everyday metabolic control. Although the patients were selected to be without proteinuria and ketonuria, they exhibited wide ranges of blood glucose values (2.5-29.5 mmol/l) and urine glucose excretions (0-301 mmol/mmol creatinine). Patients with blood glucose values within 2.5-10 mmol/l (n = 80) had entirely normal levels of serum sodium (140.6 +/- 2.7 (SD) versus 141.0 +/- 2.6 mmol/l) and potassium (4.35 +/- 0.38 versus 4.40 +/- 0.38 mmol/l) as compared with normals (n = 371). In contrast, diabetics with higher blood glucose concentrations (n = 113) showed hyponatremia (137.7 +/- 2.6 mmol/l, p less than 0.001) and a moderate increase of serum potassium (4.60 +/- 0.39 mmol/l, p less than 0.001). On stratification into classes of blood glucose, serum sodium declined from 142 to 135 mmol/l (r = -0.61, p less than 0.001), whereas serum potassium rose from 4.33 to 4.87 mmol/l (r = 0.37, p less than 0.001). Despite these reciprocal changes the urinary excretion rates relative to creatinine of sodium potassium and water rose with rising degrees of glycosuria (r = 0.24, p less than 0.001; r = 0.28, p less than 0.001; and r = 0.63, p less than 0.001, respectively). The decline in serum sodium represents a well-known osmoregulatory response to hyperglycemia. However, the rising level of serum potassium in virtual absence of renal failure and ketonuria suggests an abnormality in potassium homeostasis. Diabetic dysregulation, or rather insulin deficiency may be its cause. PMID- 7039874 TI - Prostaglandin-dependent regulation of the in vitro proliferative response to mycobacterial antigens of peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal donors and from patients with tuberculosis or leprosy. AB - The response to soluble mycobacterial antigens of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, from most normal donors, tuberculosis patients or cases of tuberculoid leprosy (TT/BT) was enhanced by the addition of indomethacin. In contrast, indomethacin caused no enhancement of the response of cells from lepromatous leprosy (BL/LL) cases. Moreover the addition of 10-5 M prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) failed to inhibit the proliferative responses of cells from the BL/LL patients, although it markedly inhibited the responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the other groups. The addition of PGE2 or indomethacin to cells which had been precultured for 48 hr had no significant effect on the proliferative responses of cells from any of the groups of donors. These results suggest that a normal, prostaglandin-dependent, indomethacin-sensitive regulatory mechanism is absent from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of BL/LL patients. PMID- 7039875 TI - Antibacterial resistance in mice infected with Mycobacterium lepraemurium. AB - The differences in susceptibility among C57Bl/6, DBA/2 mice and their F1 hybrids to infections with M. lepraemurium were shown to depend upon the route of infection and size of the inoculum. A method was developed to measure the ability of lymphocytes obtained from M. lepraemurium-infected donors to effect adoptive immunization of syngeneic naive mice against infection with M. tuberculosis. This required sublethal irradiation of recipient mice prior to cell transfer and bacterial challenge. Using this method, it was found that mice infected subcutaneously generated antituberculous immune mechanisms concordantly with the development of delayed-hypersensitivity to antigens of M. lepraemurium. In contrast, intravenously infected mice demonstrated only a transient from of delayed hypersensitivity and little or no antimycobacterial immunity in that progression of infection was associated with a rapid decay of both these functions. Moreover, during the terminal stage, M. lepraemurium-infected mice lost the ability to control the growth of a sublethal intravenous inoculum of the antigenically unrelated bacterium. Listeria monocytogenes. PMID- 7039876 TI - Antigens of aspergillus fumigatus. 1. Purification of a cytoplasmic antigen reactive with sera of patients with aspergillus-related disease. AB - An antigen has been purified from the mycelial cell sap of Aspergillus fumigatus (strain 507). The same component appears to be present in the extracellular phase (culture filtrate) in a partially degraded form. The cell sap protein has a structure composed of four polypeptides of 45,000 daltons linked through disulphide bonds. The isoelectric point (5.2-5.6) and carbohydrate content (12.5% neutral hexose) indicate that this protein is an acidic glycoprotein. It shows reactions with 75% of sera from patients with aspergilloma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and is not reactive with sera from normal individuals of patients with other fungal diseases. It also appears to be a component of other A. fumigatus strains. PMID- 7039877 TI - The bone marrow: the major source of serum immunoglobulins, but still a neglected site of antibody formation. AB - Immunoglobulin (Ig) secreting cells occur in all lymphoid tissues, including the bone marrow (BM). There are important differences between the various organs with respect to their number of Ig-secreting cells and the heavy chain isotype distribution of the secreted Igs. Furthermore, both distribution patterns depend on age. Early in life most Ig-secreting cells are localized in spleen and lymph nodes. In adults, however, the majority of all Ig-secreting cells of the individual are localized in the BM. Immunization can lead to the appearance of substantial numbers of antibody-forming cells in BM. The kinetics of the BM response are different from the response in the peripheral lymphoid tissues. Shortly after immunization most antibody-forming cells occur in the peripheral lymphoid tissues, but later on, especially during secondary type responses, most antibody-forming cells are localized in the BM. Apparently, antibody formation is regulated in such a way that peripheral lymphoid tissues respond rapidly, but only for a short period, whereas the BM response starts slowly, but takes care of a long-lasting massive production of antibodies to antigens which repeatedly challenge the organism. PMID- 7039878 TI - Inhibition of the in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum by human polymorphonuclear neutrophil leucocytes. PMID- 7039879 TI - Characteristics of fibrinolytic enzyme release from human monocytes. AB - We have investigated further two patterns of neutral protease secretion previously described in cultured human monocytes. Freshly isolated or cultured monocytes were plated onto 125I-fibrin either with or without adherent immune complexes. Fibrinolysis was quantified in the presence or absence of added plasminogen. Freshly isolated monocytes cultured on plain fibrin produced fibrinolysis primarily through secretion of plasminogen activator (PA), while contact with adherent complexes induced the release of plasminogen-independent fibrinolytic enzymes. In vitro differentiation of monocytes led to altered enzyme release. PA secretion rose six-fold over the first 3 days of culture, then decreased. Plasminogen-independent enzyme release fell 70% after 24 hr of culture then declined no further. Whereas adherent complexes inhibited secretion of PA in freshly isolated cells, such complexes stimulated PA activity after 3 or more days of culture. PA secretion from freshly isolated monocytes was inhibited by cycloheximide, indicating a requirement for protein synthesis, and by cytochalasin B. PA secretion was also reduced by the local anaesthetics ethanol, octanol, or lidocaine, but was enhanced by propranolol. The reduced PA activity of freshly isolated monocytes cultured on adherent immune complexes was partially reversed by ethanol or propranolol, but not by cytochalasin B. The plasminogen independent fibrinolytic activity or monocytes on adherent complexes was enhanced by cytochalasin B, but unaffected by cychloheximide suggesting that the enzymes were granule-associated. This secretion was reduced by preincubation with 8-Br cAMP and methyl isobutyl xanthine and by the local anaesthetics examined. PMID- 7039880 TI - Protein A-like activity and streptococcal cross-reactions. AB - Recognition of the protein A-like activity of some strains of group A streptococci has thrown doubt on much previous work suggesting antigenic cross reactions between these streptococci and mammalian tissues. The strains used in our previous studies have now been examined by the mixed reverse passive antiglobulin reaction (MRPAH) for the 'non-specific' absorption of purified Fc portion of human IgG. They were found to have only traces of activity. The strain of Staphylococcus aureus used to control 'non-specific' absorption by bacterial cell walls was strongly positive. Protein A-like material as detected in this way was not therefore responsible for our earlier results. PMID- 7039881 TI - Enumeration of T and B lymphocytes in whole peripheral blood: absence of a null cell population. AB - Alkaline phosphatase-labelled F(ab')2 polyvalent anti-human immunoglobulin stained a mean of 12% (s.d. 4.2) of lymphocytes in the whole peripheral blood of 15 normal individuals. However, when the sensitivity of detection of the bound anti-immunoglobulin reagent was enhanced by adding complexes of alkaline phosphatase with F(ab')2 anti-alkaline phosphatase, a mean of 22.1% (s.d. 7.8) of lymphocytes were positive. The mean number of T lymphocytes demonstrated in the same blood samples using a monoclonal anti-T lymphocyte antibody (OKT3) was 78% (s.d. 4.1) and was not increased by immunoenzyme enhancement. In five individuals the blood was washed at 37 degrees C to remove passively adsorbed IgG and was then studied using the enhanced method together with monoclonal anti-kappa and anti-lambda antibodies. The mean +/- s.d. number of kappa-positive lymphocytes was 15.5 +/- 4.6% and lambda-positive was 7.9 +/- 1.1%. The sum of these was the same as the number of cells stained either with anti-kappa and anti-lambda together or with the conventional polyvalent anti-immunoglobulin, confirming that the enhancement procedure was detecting integral membrane immunoglobulin and not passively adsorbed IgG. Application to the same blood sample of both the anti-T cell antibody and the enhancement procedure with polyvalent anti-immunoglobulin stained 99-100% of lymphocytes. The present observations confirm that there are two populations among the B-lymphocytes, the B-major cells with readily demonstrable surface immunoglobulin and the B-minor cells on which surface immunoglobulin is demonstrable only by very sensitive techniques (Haegert & Coombs, 1979). The B-major and B-minor cells together account for all the non-T lymphocytes and there are virtually no so-called 'null' cells in normal peripheral blood. These findings have significant implications for the use of surface membrane immunoglobulin as a marker in the typing of normal and abnormal lymphocyte populations. PMID- 7039882 TI - Cell number requirements for lymphocyte stimulation in vitro: changes during the course of multiple sclerosis and the effects of immunosuppression. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 20 patients with clinically definite, relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) were studied during their participation in a double-blind trial of immunosuppressive treatment. Proliferative responses occurring with different numbers of cells in culture and on different days of culture in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or with allogeneic cells from lymphoid cell lines (MLC) were assessed. Cells taken from patients before treatment showed similar responses to cells from laboratory personnel. However, when cells were taken from patients in relapse or from untreated patients as the disease progressed, there was an alteration in the pattern of response; higher number of cells were required in culture to produce responses. A change in the responsiveness to PHA or in MLC may therefore accompany the progression of the disease in MS (reflecting clinical relapses and possibly subclinical activity of the disease), perhaps resulting from a simple reduction in the proportion of cells able to respond. After intense immunosuppression followed by long-term maintenance on azathioprine, cells from patients gave similar responses to those found before treatment. Thus long-term immunosuppression prevented the progressive alteration in lymphocyte function. Shifts in the total cell number and time in culture required to allow proliferation with mitogens of cells from untreated MS patients could explain both the 'low' of PHA responses reported and the changes of in vitro 'suppressor' function of these cells. PMID- 7039884 TI - IgE plasma cells in human jejunum demonstrated by immune electron microscopy. PMID- 7039883 TI - IgA anti-gliadin antibodies in coeliac disease. AB - Sixty-two sera from children under investigation for gastrointestinal disease were tested for IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies to gliadin by two different methods: an immunofluorescent (IF) test, and a mixed reverse (solid-phase) passive antiglobulin haemadsorption (MRSPAH) test. There was good agreement between the tests. Both tests detected gliadin antibodies of IgG and IgA class in sera from children with active coeliac disease, which tended to disappear when a strict gluten-free diet was instituted. Serum antibodies to gliadin of IgA class were associated with severe small intestinal villous atrophy and were found almost exclusively in coeliac disease. Gliadin antibodies of IgG class were less disease specific and were occasionally detected in sera from children with gastrointestinal disease other than coeliac disease--notably in sera from children with transient gluten intolerance. PMID- 7039885 TI - Comparative activity of CP-17,193 and five established immunosuppressives toward the antigens SRBC and EL4. AB - A new immunosuppressant, 2-(4'-chlorophenyl)benzothiopyrano-(4,3-c)pyrazol-3-one, i.e. CP-17,193 was compared to several standard immunosuppressants with respect to its ability to depress immune responses to two antigens, EL4 tumour cells and sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). The order of suppressive potency on a weight basis was methotrexate greater than CP-17,193 greater than cyclophosphamide greater than 6 mercaptopurine greater than azathioprine greater than oxisuran for both antigens. In general, it took more immunosuppressant to inhibit the response to SRBC than to EL4. This resulted in a different therapeutic index for immunosuppression against each antigen. CP-17,193 and cyclophosphamide preferentially inhibited the humoral immune response and were the only agents demonstrating such selectivity. CP-17,193's favourable therapeutic index and its structural dissimilarity from the antimetabolite and alkylating immunosuppressants suggests that it may act through a novel mechanism. PMID- 7039888 TI - Mechanism of the serum defect in yeast opsonization in children with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). AB - Defective opsonization of heat-killed baker's yeast was found in all 14 children with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) but returned to normal in two who recovered and was normal in six mothers of patients. Yeast opsonization was significantly correlated with factor B activity of FHF serum but not with other components of classical or alternative pathways of complement. Reconstitution and family studies suggested that defective yeast opsonization in FHF is secondary and, although dependent on factor B activity, is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that of primary yeast opsonization deficiency. These findings suggest that the factors responsible for opsonization of yeasts, or their regulation, are synthesized or controlled by the liver. PMID- 7039887 TI - Lymphocyte cell subpopulations during acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: cell surface antigens and binding of streptococcal membrane antigens and C-reactive protein. AB - T lymphocyte surface markers were examined in 23 patients with acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (AGN) in parallel with normal controls and individuals without nephritis who showed evidence of pharyngeal or skin-sore beta haemolytic streptococcal infection. Numbers of T gamma cells were similar in AGN and normal controls but were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than those in skin-sore culture-positive streptococcal infection controls. Numbers of T mu cells were similar in AGN and normal controls but were lower (P less than 0.05) than those observed in streptococcal controls. Percentages of T mu cells were similar in AGN and normal controls but were lower (P less than 0.05) than those recorded in streptococcal infection control groups. Proportions of T cells were reduced during AGN (P less than 0.05). Lymphocytes capable of binding type 12 group A streptococcal membranes were increased (30.4%) in patients with AGN as compared to normal controls (4.1%). Subjects with streptococcal infection alone showed elevated but intermediate relative numbers (10.5%) of lymphocytes binding group A membranes. Increased relative numbers of both B and T lymphocytes binding group A streptococcal membranes were present in both AGN and non-nephritogenic streptococcal infection controls. PMID- 7039886 TI - Trypanosoma brucei brucei: the response to Melarsoprol in mice with cerebral trypanosomiasis. An immunopathological study. AB - A murine model for cerebral trypanosomiasis was adapted to study the efficacy of Melarsoprol which was apparently curative in high intravenous doses (10 mg/kg, 3 x 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg) in advanced infection (6th week); only one relapse occurred, but observation time was limited. Deposits of Ig and C3 in the choroid plexuses tended to disappear after successful treatment. Circulating immune complexes increased in the 1st week after therapy and returned to normal values in the 2nd week. Such an increase could temporarily be prevented by chloroquine, which may explain the reported reduction of side-effects from Melarsoprol in man after use of chloroquine in sleeping sickness. Melarsoprol (3 x 3.6 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally showed apparent cures but also relapses. Melarsoprol in high intraperitoneal doses (3 x 10 mg/kg) showed an increasing number of relapses if related to the duration of infection. Morphologically, a diffuse interstitial distribution of the parasites appeared in the CNS after relapse had occurred (shift), contrasting with the preferential localization of the parasites in the choroid plexuses of untreated mice. Such a shift was best visualized by immunofluorescence using specific antitrypanosomal antibodies. Relapse-mice invariably showed increased levels of circulating immune complexes suggesting this serological test for early detection of relapses. Tissue parasites appeared to be a likely cause of relapses, irrespective of the duration of infection. A short observation time with no circulating blood parasites is no guarantee of cure. Benznidazole (3 x 1 g/kg) was ineffective in advanced infection. PMID- 7039889 TI - A study of C3b deposition on yeast surfaces by sera of known opsonic potential. AB - C3c fragments released by the actin of trypsin from C3b molecules bound to zymosan may be readily quantitated by conventional gel techniques to give a measurement of the efficiency of C3b opsonization. Using this approach, the rate of deposition of C3b molecules was found to be very rapid in sera known to opsonize yeast normally. In contrast, sera defective in yeast opsonization deposited C3b much more slowly. The C3b elution technique was found to correlate well with both a direct phagocytosis assay using baker's yeast (r = 0.87, P less than 0.001) and a recently described neutrophil iodide uptake assay (r = 0.88, P less than 0.001). PMID- 7039890 TI - Renal transplantation in a patient with hereditary deficiency of the second component of complement. AB - The HLA haplotype A 10,B18 has been associated with hereditary deficiency of the second component of complement(C2). In an effort to detect individuals homozygous for C2 deficiency, a thorough audit of HLA serotyping results in 3,100 individuals was performed, and a single patient homozygous for the A10, B18 haplotype was identified. Detailed complement studies in this patient's serum and plasma revealed previously undetected selective absence of C2 antigen and haemolytic activity, and a hereditary basis for this deficiency was indicated by half-normal levels of C2 haemolytic activity in both of his children. The patient was of special interest in that he had previously developed renal failure which was treated by cadaver kidney transplantation. C2 antigen was undetectable in serum and plasma samples taken prior to and up to 9 months following transplantation. This experience suggests that HLA serotyping can be a valuable screening technique for the detection of individuals with C2 deficiency, and that renal transplantation does not reconstitute normal levels of C2. PMID- 7039891 TI - Experimental autoimmune orchitis after neonatal thymectomy in the mouse. AB - Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) developed in (C57Bl/6Cr x A/JCr)F1 mice 3 4 months after neonatal thymectomy (Tx) without any sensitization. The age of Tx was critical for induction of EAO: Tx at day 3 (Tx-3) was effective, but Tx at day 0 or day 7 was not effective. This lesion resulted in atrophy of the testis and was characterized by disappearance of mature sperms, formation of multinuclear giant cells in seminiferous tubules and infiltration of lymphocytes in the stroma. Epididymitis was observed prior to the development of EAO. Presence of circulating autoantibody(s) against sperms (ASA) was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. The acrosomal area of mature sperms, but not of immature spermatids, was strongly. The incidence of EAO and titre of ASA increased when Tx-3 mice were unilaterally vasectomized (Vx). The majority of mice with high titres of circulating ASA were sterile. Epididymitis and orchitis could be prevented in Tx-3 mice by injection of adult spleen cells on day 4. The most effective source was normal male. Spleen cells from normal female donors and day-0 orchidectomized (Orx) donors were less effective, while those of Tx-3 male and female donors failed to prevent epididymis and orchitis. The cell population in normal male spleen effective in preventing epididymitis was shown to be a T cell population (Thy 1+, Ig-) by experiments with respective antisera treatment. These results showed that sensitization with sperm autoantigen occurred in the epididymis after Tx-3, more efficiently after Tx-3 plus unilateral Vx, and that this autosensitization was prevented by a specific suppressor T cell population, which was present in normal males but absent in Tx-3 mice. PMID- 7039893 TI - Autoantibody against fibroblasts in renal transplant recipients: analysis by 51Cr release assays. AB - In testing for donor-specific alloantibody in renal transplantation we discovered that sera of many recipients lysed their own fibroblasts in complement-dependent cytotoxicity. The incidence of this autoreactivity before and during the first month post-transplant was 15 and 10% respectively, but rose to 48% after 2 months. There was a significant association between autoantibody formation and the presence of donor-specific alloantibody, but no association between autoantibody and graft survival. Autoantibody reactive with fibroblasts was three times more frequent than lymphocytotoxic autoantibody, and showed no association with the presence of such antibody, indicating that these autoantibodies were directed against different antigens. Reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol indicated that much of the autoreactivity was IgM. By absorption tests the autoantigen was shown to be expressed extensively on fibroblasts, but not on lymphocytes, platelets or red cells. Susceptibility to lysis by the autoantibody varied from day to day in the fibroblasts of a particular individual, and also varied from individual to individual. These results are of interest because they indicate that autoantibody formation in human renal allografts may result from chronic allogeneic stimulation, and that the antibody may be detecting a previously unknown fibroblast antigen. PMID- 7039894 TI - Studies of Fc receptors of heart valve and joint fibroblasts. AB - Normal human and rabbit sera, and the IgG isolated from them, have been shown by immunofluorescence to react with bovine and human heart valve fibroblasts. Analogous results were obtained with sera of children under the age of 2. Positive reactions were observed also with fibroblasts, chondrocytes and osteocytes of human fetal joint tissues. The reactions are mostly due to monomeric immunoglobulins, since soluble immune complexes give much weaker reactions with the fibroblasts. The reactions are apparently dependent on the presence of Fc receptors on these cells. This conclusion is confirmed by positive reactions with IgG Fc fragments, with pure antibodies to ovalbumin and with human monoclonal IgG. The monoclonal IgG1 possesses the strongest ability to bind with fibroblast Fc receptors. No Fc-IgG receptors have been revealed on the fibroblasts and other structures of the interstitial connective tissue of human and bovine myocardium. PMID- 7039895 TI - Imbalances in peripheral blood T-cell subpopulations in renal transplant patients. AB - The distribution of T-lymphocyte subpopulations bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (TG) or IgM (TM) was monitored in 22 renal allograft recipients treated with immunosuppressive therapy and in 10 uraemic patients on haemodialysis. No significant difference in the distribution of T cells and T cell subsets was found between normal controls and haemodialysed patients. In transplanted patients, however, a significant reduction of the total T-cell percentage (P less than 0.005), of TM subset percentage (P less than 0.025) and absolute number (P less than 0.005) and of TG absolute number (P less than 0.05) was observed. Considering patients with allografts functioning for more than 1 year only, the reduction in TM cells in terms of percentage (P less than 0.0005) and absolute number (P less than 0.025) was significant, while TG subset levels did not change significantly. In patients transplanted less than 1 year previous to our study, total T cells and T-cell subsets were reduced significantly only as absolute numbers. During the 1st year we observed several increments of TM values towards normal levels, especially in the first 2 months after transplantation. During this period, TM subset levels sharply increased at acute rejection crisis and returned to previous values with rejection reversal. Our results suggest that the TM subset plays a prominent role in the mechanisms involved in the immunological response to allografts, and therefore repeated TM cell monitoring could be useful in the follow-up of renal transplant patients. PMID- 7039892 TI - Depressed immunity and the development of cancer. PMID- 7039897 TI - Comparison of the immediate hemodynamic effects of SQ 14225 (Captopril) and [Sar1, Ileu8] angiotensin II in patients with dialysis resistant hypertension. AB - The effects of a single dose of 50 mg of SQ 14225 (Captopril) and 0.6 microgram/kg/min infusion of angiotensin II antagonist, [Sar1, Ileu8] (AII-A), were examined in six patients with dialysis resistant hypertension and seven with normal blood pressures. A depressor effect of Captopril was observed even in patients with AII-A unresponsive dialysis resistant hypertension. The fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly correlated with the fall in the total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) following both Captopril administration (r = 0.883, P less than 0.01) and AII-A infusion (r = 0.735, P less than 0.01). Basal plasma renin activity (PRA) was the same in patients with dialysis resistant hypertension as in normotensive patients and correlated with the fall in MAP induced by AII-A infusion (r = -0.640, P less than 0.05). It was concluded that the direct effect of the renin-angiotensin system was uncertain in patients with dialysis resistant hypertension and that the depressor effect of Captopril was not secondary to the suppression of angiotensin II formation. PMID- 7039896 TI - Spontaneous cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells for the lymphoblastoid cell line CCRF-CEM: augmentation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. AB - Spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC) of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells for a poor target, CCRF-CEM, a lymphoblastoid cell line, was rapidly and markedly elevated by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SCMC for K562, a myeloid cell line sensitive to SCMC, was only slightly elevated by LPS. The cytotoxicities of both adherent and non-adherent mononuclear cells for CCRF-CEM were elevated. A response to LPS was found in Fc gamma R-positive and Fc gamma R negative T cells. LPS increased the binding of non-adherent cells to both targets, but analysis of the binding suggests that a subsequent step, either triggering of the cytotoxic mechanisms or susceptibility of the target was the basis for the increased SCMC. PMID- 7039898 TI - The applicability of the signal averaging technique in clinical cardiology. PMID- 7039899 TI - The treatment of hypertension by labetalol--a new alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agent. AB - A new alpha- and beta-blocking agent, labetalol, was used to treat 50 hypertensive patients, 34 of them with refractory hypertension. A significant reduction in hypertension was achieved with relatively few adverse reactions. The combination of alpha and beta blockers in labetalol with their mutually opposing characteristics offers an interesting and promising approach to the control of hypertension. PMID- 7039900 TI - Factors affecting psychological state during one year on a hypertension trial. PMID- 7039901 TI - Malpresentations. PMID- 7039903 TI - The use of portable realtime ultrasound in the assessment of fetal weight during labor in the high-risk patient. PMID- 7039902 TI - Endocrine problems in the menopause. AB - The climacteric is an interval characterized by a multitude of physiologic, psychologic, and sociologic alterations that result in an individual's adaptation to life beyond reproduction. The common denominator of the physiologic changes is the loss of functional ovarian follicles and their ability to produce estradiol. The relative estrogen deficiency results in a myriad of systemic changes, some of which in themselves may impair the quality of life or be life-threatening. Estrogen replacement therapy is effective in alleviating some of these changes, including osteoporosis, vasomotor symptoms, and genital atrophy. This treatment, however, confers additional risks, endometrial adenocarcinoma being the one of greatest concern. This risk can be reduced by carefully selecting patients to be treated, closely following them, minimizing the duration and amount of exposure, and adding a progestin to the regimen. It is hoped that the risk of endometrial cancer and other adverse reactions associated with estrogen use can be further reduced when more data regarding optimum dosage and choice of agents are available. PMID- 7039904 TI - Complications of the immediate puerperium. PMID- 7039905 TI - Endometrial carcinoma and its precursors: detection and screening. AB - This article summarizes the current status of an endometrial cancer detection program in asymptomatic women based on personal experience with 2007 examinees seen during 1979 and 1980. This ongoing feasibility study has shown that occult endometrial carcinoma occurs in approximately 5 of 1000 women age 45 and above and that the disease can be identified by the sampling techniques described in this paper. The identification of high-risk groups is emerging from this prospective study and may lead to a cost-efficient detection protocol that may prove applicable to large scale population screening. The benefits of this study in terms of lowered morbidity and mortality from endometrial carcinoma cannot be documented as yet and require several additional years of follow-up. Perhaps the principal benefit of this study is that it has provided prevalence data for endometrial carcinoma in a hitherto unscreened asymptomatic population against which all future efforts at endometrial cancer detection will have to be measured. PMID- 7039906 TI - Epidemiology of cancer of the endometrium. PMID- 7039907 TI - Surgical management of endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 7039908 TI - Chemotherapeutic treatment of endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 7039909 TI - Design concepts, indications, and surgical technique for use of the protrusio shell. AB - Major deficiencies of the medial wall of the acetabulum arising from severe protrusio acetabula, migrated endoprostheses, old central fracture dislocations, and intrapelvic socket protrusions are a serious threat to the success and longevity of total hip arthroplasty. However, excessive strain on the weakened medial wall can be substantially reduced by the use of the protrusio shell. Treatment of existing complications includes augmenting and bone grafting the defect. The surgical technique is demanding but not complex. The protrusio shell is designed to conform to the anatomy of the acetabulum and permits independent positioning of the acetabular component in its optimum attitude. Major bony defects in the medial wall should be occluded by the autografts or allografts in conjunction with the use of the protrusio shell. PMID- 7039910 TI - Spontaneous fractures in the renal graft recipient: a discriminant analysis of 144 cases. AB - In a search for factors predisposing to the occurrence of spontaneous fractures in the renal organ transplant patient, a comparison has been made of 38 recipients sustaining spontaneous fractures and 106 without this complication. The comparison was made with regard to the clinical findings, the immunosuppressive therapy given, and the results of the biochemical analyses, all covering the first year after the transplant operation. There were no differences in the clinical findings or the biochemical analyses between the groups. An analysis of the steroid doses showed that, during the first three months after the transplant operation, these were lower for the fracture groups than for the controls (p less than 0.01), as was the case for the oral dose of prednisone, the total dose of all steroids, and the mean daily dose of these drugs in relation to body weight or body surface area. One possible explanation of this unexpected observation is that cortisone in high doses inhibits bone resorption during the period after the transplant operation when secondary hyperparathyroidism is present. PMID- 7039911 TI - The classic: Osteopetrosis cured by temporary parabiosis. PMID- 7039912 TI - Experimental spinal fusion with decalcified bone matrix and deep-frozen allogeneic bone in rabbits. AB - The effects of allogeneic decalcified bone matrix (DBM) on the formation of bone between the spinous processes of the rabbit vertebrae was compared with the effects of allogenic deep-frozen cortical bone (AFB). Autologous cancellous bone (ACB) chips were used for a control substance. Healing was estimated by gross anatomical roentgenologic and microscopic methods one, two, four and six months after the operation. The ACB and DBM transplants gave comparable results. A stable bony bridge was formed at one month, and this was seen to strengthen during the follow-up time. Both transplanting materials were accepted by the host without foreign body reactions. Inflammatory cell accumulations and sequesterated particles were not seen in any of the specimens with ACB and DBM transplants. The DBM induced new bone formation and the transplanted material was resorbed within two months after the operation. The AFB transplants did not induce the new bone formation, but the implanted fragments in contact with the host bone were surrounded by the callus, which produced a bony bridge but only as late as four months after the operation. After six months, the bridging was incomplete and sequestered bone particles were still seen in some of the specimens. The AFB transplants were slowly resorbed and accumulations of inflammatory cells were present at least six months postoperation. The results indicate that in rabbits, decalcified bone matrix is a better substitute for autologous bone than the allogeneic deep-frozen cortical bone. PMID- 7039913 TI - Storage of an autogenous cortical bone graft in a subcutaneous pouch with subsequent transplantation. AB - A 31-year-old motorcyclist presented with an open contaminated comminuted fracture of the shaft of the femur. The extruded diaphyseal segments were stored in a subcutaneous pouch in the thigh and subsequently replaced in the fracture site as a composite graft with iliac bone. The interval of in vito storage provided time for evaluation of infection and apparently allowed the bone to possess a limited degree of viability and function as a fresh autogenous graft. PMID- 7039914 TI - Bilateral total hip arthroplasty in a Jehovah's Witness with chronic anemia. AB - A 15-year-old girl demonstrated the ability of a youthful person with systemic disease and chronic anemia to withstand major reconstructive surgery, despite religious beliefs prohibiting blood transfusion. With careful preoperative planning and meticulous hemostasis, as well as hypotensive anesthesia, such patients need not be denied the benefits of various reconstructive procedures, provided they and their families understand and appreciate the risks involved. PMID- 7039915 TI - The classic. Gunshot wounds and other injuries of nerves by S. Weir Mitchell, M.D., George R. Morehouse, M.D., and William W. Keen, M.D. PMID- 7039916 TI - Idiopathic cortical hyperostosis. AB - Infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey-Silverman syndrome) is an uncommon and not well-understood disorder. Most authors confine cortical hyperostosis strictly to infants under six months of age as originally described by Caffey. Others indicate they have seen the same clinical, radiographic, and pathologic problem in older children as initial presentations or as a recurrence where the infantile phase had possibly been unrecognized. This is a report of idiopathic cortical hyperostosis (ICH) in an 11-year-old girl who had no history of the disorder as an infant. The report confirms others who have documented cortical hyperostosis in older children and postulates that it is the same entity as infantile cortical hyperostosis. PMID- 7039917 TI - Epineurial nerve suture. AB - The final chapter on the results of peripheral nerve suture has not been written. Continued interest of investigators in this area will probably lead to improve results in the future. The biology of repair remains a determining factor once meticulous technique has been exercised by the surgeon. Epineurial neurorrhaphy is the standard technique today for peripheral nerve suture. PMID- 7039918 TI - Fascicular nerve suture. AB - Fascicular and group fascicular repairs have limited application. Standard epineurial repair is suggested for most severed peripheral nerves. However, fascicular and group fascicular repairs are beneficial and even preferred in certain types of nerve injuries. To apply these methods effectively, the surgeon must understand the internal anatomy of the individual peripheral nerve, possess the proper microsurgical equipment and suture material, and be skilled in the microsurgical technique. PMID- 7039920 TI - Major sports injuries: tribute to Thomas B. Quigley, M.D. PMID- 7039919 TI - Interfascicular nerve grafting. AB - Interfascicular nerve grafting is a useful method to repair nerves with gaps. Good motor recovery can be obtained, and return of some degree of sensibility is possible. The procedure can be used to overcome small gaps that result from neglected sharp lacerations or after failure of primary repair, or large gaps that result from loss of nerve substance or traction lesions. Primary nerve repair should be done for acute lacerations. However, in old lacerations (more than three weeks old) and in nerve gaps of more than 2 cm in length, a functional recovery can still be expected after nerve grafting. The recovery of intrinsic function in median and ulnar nerve lesions above the elbow was poor. The intrinsic recovery in these patients will be reported when long-term follow-up results are available. Recovery of intrinsic function in median nerve grafts at the wrist level was much better than for lesions of the ulnar nerve at the same level. This may be related to the anatomy of the ulnar nerve in this area. By separating the dorsal cutaneous branch from the main trunk of the nerve, using it as a donor graft, better results are to be expected. PMID- 7039921 TI - External fixation use in the management of massive upper extremity trauma. AB - Immobilization of fractures associated with instability and comminution by an external skeletal device facilitates wound care, skin coverage, and ultimate reconstructive surgery. External skeletal fixation was applied in 20 patients who sustained complex open injuries of the upper extremity. All injuries were associated with extensive soft tissue and skin defects. Associated neurovascular injuries included 14 nerve injuries and five major vascular injuries. The Hoffman fixation device was used in the majority of cases. Skin coverage was obtained in all patients by an appropriate method of skin grafts, pedicle flaps, and a free myocutaneous flap. Primary bone union was achieved in five of 16 patients. Ten of 16 patients required secondary procedure to obtain union in cases of delayed union or nonunion, and one case remained with a nonunion. Pin tract infection in three patients and osteomyelitis in two patients were effectively treated with antibiotics and appropriate surgery. The initial treatment goals of limb salvage, skin coverage, and bone stabilization without drainage or persistent osteomyelitis can be accomplished by the use of external skeletal fixation devices. PMID- 7039922 TI - Thomas Bartlett Quigley, M.D. PMID- 7039923 TI - Thomas B. Quigley, M.D., and the meniscus. AB - Utilizing material from a registry of knee surgery, subsequent operations relating to meniscectomy were reviewed. The overall reoperation rate for the entire series was 30%; 6% of the patients eventually had at least the other meniscus removed. One out of ten had subsequent anterior stabilization with or without removal of the meniscus. Only 4% had an osteotomy, knee replacement or arthrodesis at a later date. Further and expanded studies may aid in further understanding the ultimate fate of meniscectomized knees. Longer follow-up examinations are required to evaluate the long term results following removal of the meniscus through the operative arthroscope. PMID- 7039924 TI - Pharmacokinetics of drugs in obesity. AB - Pharmacokinetic data in obesity are only available for a limited number of drugs. The rate or extent of drug absorption is not known to be altered by obesity which is not complicated by other medical disease. In contrast, drug distribution is in some instances significantly altered in obesity. Digoxin and bromsulphalein, both hydrophilic drugs, do not distribute into excess bodyweight over ideal bodyweight. However, antipyrine, paracetamol, aminoglycoside antibiotics and theophylline, all of intermediate lipid solubility, distribute to a limited extent into excess bodyweight over ideal bodyweight, although not as extensively as into ideal bodyweight. Benzodiazepines, halothane and enflurane, highly lipophilic agents, may distribute much more extensively into excess bodyweight over ideal bodyweight than into ideal bodyweight. This suggests some relationship between drug distribution and drug lipid-solubility in obese subjects. Whether these distributional changes in obesity will hold for other drugs is not currently known. Drug protein binding has not been demonstrated to be changed in obesity, data being presently available only for the basic drugs diazepam and desmethyldiazepam. Drug biotransformation in obesity is unchanged for oxidatively metabolised drugs studied to date. Paracetamol, the only metabolised drug which is conjugated for which pharmacokinetic parameters have been accurately determined in obesity, undergoes increased clearance in obese subjects. PMID- 7039929 TI - Thyroid abscess associated with Eikenella corrodens in a 7-year-old child. PMID- 7039927 TI - Indomethacin for closure of patent ductus arteriosus in prematures. AB - A controlled, double blind trial of indomethacin versus placebo was conducted in prematures of birth weight less than 1750 g, with a murmur of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The dose of indomethacin was 0.2 mg/kg for 2 doses, orally, 24 hours apart. Forty-seven patients entered the trial. Twenty-four received indomethacin and 12 of these met the criteria for response; 23 received the placebo and two met the criteria for response (p less than 0.01). Subsequent surgical ligation for symptomatic PDA was required in 13 of 23 in the placebo group and 4 of 24 in the indomethacin group (p less than 0.01). When administered early, indomethacin is moderately effective in closing PDA in premature infants. PMID- 7039928 TI - A microtechnique for radioisotopic determination of glomerular filtration rate in infants and children. AB - Our experience with a microtechnique using 99mTc-DTPA for determination of glomerular filtraton rate in 172 children is presented. It is a simple finger stick method carried out in a four-hour time period by trained nuclear medical personnel. The procedure meets all criteria for precise measurement of glomerular filtration rate, and the radiation dose is low. Proof of accuracy was obtained by comparison of this technique with concomitant 24-hour urinary creatinine clearance in a subset of children. PMID- 7039926 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of paracetamol. AB - In therapeutic doses paracetamol is a safe analgesic, but in overdosage it can cause severe hepatic necrosis. Following oral administration it is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, its systemic bioavailability being dose dependent and ranging from 70 to 90%. Its rate of oral absorption is predominantly dependent on the rate of gastric emptying, being delayed by food, propantheline, pethidine and diamorphine and enhanced by metoclopramide. Paracetamol is also well absorbed from the rectum. It distributes rapidly and evenly throughout most tissues and fluids and has a volume of distribution of approximately 0.9L/kg. 10 to 20% of the drug is bound to red blood cells. Paracetamol is extensively metabolised (predominantly in the liver), the major metabolites being the sulphate and glucuronide conjugates. A minor fraction of drug is converted to a highly reactive alkylating metabolite which is inactivated with reduced glutathione and excreted in the urine as cysteine and mercapturic acid conjugates. Large doses of paracetamol (overdoses) cause acute hepatic necrosis as a result of depletion of glutathione and of binding of the excess reactive metabolite to vital cell constituents. This damage can be prevented by the early administration of sulfhydryl compounds such as methionine and N acetylcysteine. In healthy subjects 85 to 95% of a therapeutic dose is excreted in the urine within 24 hours with about 4, 55, 30, 4 and 4% appearing as unchanged paracetamol and its glucuronide, sulphate, mercapturic acid and cysteine conjugates, respectively. The plasma half-life in such subjects ranges from 1.9 to 2.5 hours and the total body clearance from 4.5 to 5.5 ml/kg/min. Age has little effect on the plasma half-life, which is shortened in patients taking anticonvulsants. The plasma half-life is usually normal in patients with mild chronic liver disease, but its prolonged in those with decompensated liver disease. PMID- 7039930 TI - Anesthesia for the high risk obstetric patient. PMID- 7039925 TI - Therapeutic drug monitoring of antiarrhythmic agents. PMID- 7039931 TI - Placental transfer of local anesthetics. AB - All the presently used local anesthetic agents in the increasingly popular modalities of obstetric regional anesthesia cross the placenta readily, governed only by two factors that the anesthesiologist has any control over (1) dosage and timing of doses and (2) uterine blood flow as it relates to the development of fetal acidosis. Uptake of a given dose of local agent from the epidural or caudal spaces may be limited with the addition of epinephrine to some extent with some drugs, but this is of little real value in the two safest drugs--bupivacaine and 2-chloroprocaine. At the doses and in the manner presently recommended, fetal intoxication with local anesthetic agent during maternal epidural analgesia should not occur in the absence of either direct intravascular injection, severe maternal hepatic disorder, marked fetal prematurity or postmaturity. The usual precautions in the exercise of regional anesthesia when applied to obstetrics render it very safe, if not the safest form of anesthesia-analgesia available. PMID- 7039932 TI - Anesthetic and obstetric management of diabetic pregnant women. PMID- 7039933 TI - Neurobehavioral testing of the newborn infant. Effects of obstetric anesthesia. PMID- 7039934 TI - Systemic analgesia during labor. PMID- 7039936 TI - Anesthetic considerations for breech or twin delivery. PMID- 7039935 TI - Epidural analgesia. PMID- 7039937 TI - Obituary - James Ralston Kennedy Paterson. PMID- 7039938 TI - Interaction of drugs and radiation - promise or pitfall? PMID- 7039939 TI - Total body irradiation before bone marrow transplantation: a review. AB - An increasing number of centres are undertaking BMT and many different techniques are being evolved for TBI. The critical factors to be considered are total dose and dose rate. Conventional single treatments of 1000 cGy (rad) at low dose rates are effective and safe, but alternative fractionated regimes being explored. As few groups treat enough patients to be able to conduct a randomised study, careful and standardised recording of technique and doses given will be important in determining optimum ways of delivering TBI. PMID- 7039940 TI - A controlled clinical trial in advanced ovarian cancer. AB - Thirty-eight patients with an advanced ovarian cancer (FIGO stage III and IV) were randomly allocated to treatment, either with melphalan (M) or a combination of adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide (CAF) to determine the effect on survival. Actuarial survival of the two treatment groups was the same but the combination was more toxic. PMID- 7039941 TI - Absence of activation in vitro of renin in rat plasma. AB - 1. Rat plasma was subjected at 4 degrees C to various treatments known to convert inactive renin into its active form in human plasma. 2. No statistical differences in plasma renin concentration were found when the levels after the various treatments were compared with that of untreated rat plasma. 3. It is concluded that, in contrast to human plasma, no inactive form of renin is present in rat plasma. PMID- 7039942 TI - The age of competition in health care. PMID- 7039943 TI - A microplate enzymoimmunoassay for measuring platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG). PMID- 7039944 TI - Home blood glucose monitoring. PMID- 7039945 TI - Diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 7039946 TI - Surgery in the diabetic patient. AB - The condition of the diabetic patient--reduced availability of insulin and an enhanced reaction to the counter-regulatory hormones elicited during major surgical stress--necessitates the administration of insulin to prevent hyperglycemia, fat mobilization and ketosis, and wastage of body protein. Crucial items in management are the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance and prevention of infection. The recognition of diabetes-related complications, particularly those involving the cardiovascular system, will forestall problems related to these conditions during the perioperative period. For both type I and type II diabetes the use of intravenous glucose-insulin infusion provides a safe and effective method for management during surgery. During surgery, monitoring of blood glucose concentration determines the adequacy of insulin dosage, which can be adjusted to maintain glucose concentrations within the desired range. With this system, the hazards of hyperglycemia are avoided and significant hypoglycemia is rarely encountered. For elective operations as well as for emergency surgical procedures, this method can provide a simple and effective regimen for use in most hospitals. PMID- 7039947 TI - Insulin allergy and immunologic insulin resistance. PMID- 7039948 TI - The role of glucagon in diabetes. AB - The current understanding of diabetes points to a bihormonal abnormality in which the level of glucagon is inappropriately high relative to the level (or activity) of insulin, causing a rate of hepatic glucose production that is high relative to glucose utilization. This imbalance can be corrected by increasing insulin or reducing glucagon. At the present time only the former approach constitutes a feasible and practical means of managing the diabetic patient. Whether or not concomitant suppression of glucagon will provide a further therapeutic advantage remains to be determined. PMID- 7039949 TI - Legionnaires' disease and legionellosis. PMID- 7039950 TI - Biosynthesis of branched-chain fatty acids from branched-chain amino acids in subcutaneous tissue of the marine little toothed whale, Stenella caeruleo-alba. AB - 1. The conversion mechanism for 14CO2 from [14C]Leu, [14C]Ile and [14C]Val and the incorporation of 14C-amino acids into lipids of subcutaneous tissue (melon and blubber), liver and muscle of the adult whale, Stenella caeruleo-alba were studied using a tissue culture method. 2. Iso-acids such as -5:0, -11:0; -13:0 and -15:0 in melon triglycerides were biosynthesized from [14C]Leu. On the other hand, anteiso-acids such as -5:0, -11:0, -13:0, -15:0 and n-11:0 - n-16:0 acids were derived from [14C]Ile. 3. Iso-acids such as -4:0, -12:0, -14:0 and 16:0 were biosynthesized from [14C]Val. 4. Analytical data indicate that the compositions of these acids biosynthesized were similar to that of fatty acids in whale oil. 5. The branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesized in blubber was iso-5:0 acid from [14C]Leu, with no long-chain branched acids, but n-12:0, -14:0 and -16.0 acids were also biosynthesized. 6. Radioactivities derived from 14C-amino acids incorporated into lipids in liver and muscle were extremely low compared with those in subcutaneous tissue. 7. The ratios of 14C-lipids/14CO2 in every 14C amino acid incorporation were higher in subcutaneous tissue than in liver and muscle, and especially in the case of [14C]Leu, the ratio in melon was quite high. 8. The incorporation of the 14C-amino acids into short- and long-chain acids and alcohols of wax esters was recognized in all experiments. PMID- 7039951 TI - Fatty acids of Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - 1. The fatty acid pattern of total lipids from T. cruzi is different from one of its growth medium. 2. The distribution of major fatty acids in phospholipid fraction was linoleic (50.4%), oleic (25.6%), stearic (10.1%) and palmitic (6.3%) and in neutral lipid fraction oleic and linolelc (about 29% each), palmitic (18.3%) and stearic (9.8%). 3. In each of the individual phospholipids a particular fatty acid pattern was observed. 4. For phosphatidylcholine: linoleic (55.7%), oleic (16.6%), stearic and palmitic (about 8% each) and polyunsaturated acids (4%). 5. For phosphatidylethanolamine: linoleic (41.5%), oleic (27.6%), stearic (9.9%) and an unidentified fatty acid (9.2%). 6. For phosphatidylinositol: stearic and linoleic (about 30% each) and oleic (22.1%). PMID- 7039952 TI - Congenital craniofacial malformations: of mice and men. PMID- 7039954 TI - Management of hypermobile soft tissue by dual impression technique. PMID- 7039953 TI - Full circle in ceramics. The development of a new porcelain fused to metal restoration. PMID- 7039956 TI - Theory and reality in pontic design. PMID- 7039955 TI - The effect of burnishable crown margins in restorative dentistry. PMID- 7039957 TI - The integration of endodontics, periodontics and restorative dentistry in general practice. Part III. Restorative considerations. PMID- 7039958 TI - Chronic pain: new approaches to its control. PMID- 7039959 TI - Evaluation of benzydamine HCl in patients with aphthous ulcers. PMID- 7039961 TI - The metal band-acrylic provisional restoration featuring ultra thin stainless steel bands. PMID- 7039960 TI - Endodontic surgery: diagnosis, considerations, and technique. PMID- 7039962 TI - Ceramo-metal fixed partial dentures (part I). PMID- 7039964 TI - Preservation of abutment teeth under extension base partial dentures: functional impression technique. PMID- 7039963 TI - Ceramo-metal fixed partial dentures (part II). PMID- 7039966 TI - Restoring the badly broken-down tooth with esthetic partial coverage restorations. PMID- 7039965 TI - Composite bonding of etched metal anterior splints. PMID- 7039967 TI - Cutaneous floral and microfloral phototoxicity. PMID- 7039968 TI - Chronic urticaria Investigations with patch and challenge tests. AB - 56 patients with chronic urticaria were patch tested with particular reference to the immediate weal response to a range of materials and this was followed by challenge tests to most of the same substances. Positive immediate patch tests were commonly seen with balsam of Peru and cinnamon and this appears to be a reaction in many normal subjects. Positive challenge tests in patients who also had positive immediate patch tests to the same substance occurred in two patients with cinnamon and two patients with cloves. Other substances with a similar action may come to light, in which case the use of immediate patch tests in investigating chronic urticaria is more likely to be of value. 4 patients showed positive immediate patch tests to nickel, one of whom also had a positive 48 hr patch test to nickel. 2 other patients had only positive 48 h patch tests to nickel. However, none of these patients gave a positive challenge test to nickel. PMID- 7039969 TI - Regulatory mechanisms in the control of protein kinases. PMID- 7039971 TI - Radionuclide imaging of the biliary tract. AB - Cholescintigraphy with technetium-labeled biliary agents has great value in evaluation of the patient with suspected acute cholecystitis. Visualization of the gall bladder virtually excludes acute cholecystitis and obstruction of the cystic duct. Nonvisualization of the gall bladder, however, is not specific for acute cholecystitis and may also occur in some patients with chronic cholecystitis or pancreatitis. Interpretation of gall bladder nonvisualization, therefore, must be correlated with the clinical presentation. Biliary tract imaging is also useful in evaluation of some focal abnormalities within the liver, neonatal jaundice, detection of bile leaks or bile reflux, and biliary enteric shunts. The role of technetium-labeled biliary agents in the evaluation of patients with jaundice is less clear. Excretion of tracer into the gut excludes complete biliary tract obstruction, but the test may be nonconclusive at higher serum bilirubin levels. If persistent common bile duct activity is observed with delayed excretion into the gut, the diagnosis of partial obstruction may be made, but this procedure will be inconclusive if the common bile duct is not visualized and/or significant hepatocellular disease is present. Ultrasonography and abdominal CT are the preferred tools for the diagnosis of biliary tract obstruction at present, but newer biliary tract agents which achieve better hepatic extraction and greater bile concentration at high serum bilirubin levels may improve the diagnostic efficacy of cholescintigraphy. PMID- 7039970 TI - Hemoglobin solutions as oxygen-delivering resuscitation fluids. AB - Human hemoglobin (Hb) solution is being developed for use as an oxygen-delivering resuscitation fluid. Substantial improvements in the general purity and quality of experimental Hb solutions have been achieved by recent research efforts. Hb solutions now appear to be free of the undesirable biological effects that were reported in earlier studies. The present product, furthermore, is suitable for prolonged storage and can be dehydrated for greater efficiency in shipping and stockpiling during emergencies. Such improvements have enabled investigators to study the potential resuscitative properties of hemoglobin solutions in vivo, in experimental animals. From recent investigations, a reasonable picture of the limitations as well as a knowledge for potential improvements has evolved. Limitations are insufficient intravascular hemoglobin retention and increased oxygen affinity of free Hb, as compared to intraerythrocytic Hb. Potential improvements that could overcome these limitations may be achieved by modifying Hb to maintain the tetrameric molecule, thus providing a stable Hb compound having longer intravascular life as well as lower oxygen affinity. PMID- 7039973 TI - Ultrasonography of the eye. PMID- 7039972 TI - Arthrography of the shoulder joint: state of the art. PMID- 7039974 TI - Sonographic features of gastrointestinal neoplasms. PMID- 7039975 TI - Kinetics of permeation and intracellular events associated with Me2SO permeation of rabbit kidneys during perfusion at 10 degrees C. PMID- 7039976 TI - Effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on the globally ischemic heart: possible general relevance to hypothermic organ preservation. PMID- 7039978 TI - Molecular mechanisms regulating the synthesis of storage proteins in maize endosperm. PMID- 7039977 TI - Protein reserves of ruminant animals: NT-methylhistidine as an index of myofibrillar protein turnover. PMID- 7039979 TI - Microbial factories for the production of animal proteins. PMID- 7039980 TI - Cardamom--production, technology, chemistry, and quality. AB - Cardamom, Elettaria cardamomum Maton var. Miniscula Burkill (Fam. Zingiberaceae) known as true or lesser cardamom is the widely cultivated variety and important in the world trade. It occupies a high second or third place in world trade, being a high priced spice. It belongs to the sweet spices group and is used predominantly to flavor sweets, baked goods, and coffee, particularly in the Arab countries. This monograph critically reviews the post-harvest handling and processing and the chemistry of the volatiles. The components contributing to the characteristic aroma for which the spice is valued are specifically considered. Gas chromatographic analysis for quality control and attempts are evaluating the aroma quality by sensory profile are discussed in relation to regional varieties, and processing variables. The areas in which further research is required are indicated. The botanical and cultivation aspects and production and trade of the different growing and consuming regions are briefly considered. Available information on other "cardamoms" from related species and genera are summarized. PMID- 7039981 TI - History of mechanical devices and instruments for suturing. PMID- 7039982 TI - A personal statement. PMID- 7039983 TI - Purine metabolism in ischaemic kidney tissue. PMID- 7039984 TI - Percutaneous interventional catheter therapy for lesions of the chest and lungs. AB - Percutaneous, nonsurgical interventions using angiographic catheter techniques and radiologic guidance were used in the management of seven cases of various lesions of the chest and lungs. Successful catheter therapy included the embolization of a large, acquired, postinflammatory vascular malformation causing massive hemoptysis and a cavernous hemangioma of the chest wall. Sixteen pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas (one patient), an iatrogenic internal mammary artery-to-innominate vein fistula, and a persistent, postbiopsy bronchopleural fistula were successfully closed. Percutaneous drainage of a pyogenic lung abscess and the nonoperative retrieval of an intravascular foreign body that had embolized to the left pulmonary artery were also successfully achieved. Performed under local anesthesia with minimal morbidity, stress, and risk, interventional catheter therapy is remarkably cost-effective. Primary chest physicians are encouraged to consider this mode of therapy whenever applicable. PMID- 7039985 TI - Electrocardiogram recording by telephone in antiarrhythmic drug trials. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate ECG recording by telephone as a research tool for documenting the cardiac rhythm during symptoms of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. Eleven patients were enrolled in the study during the first year. They transmitted 34 rhythm strips during symptoms, 17 of which showed paroxysmal atrial tachycardia; only one of the 34 was uninterpretable. Three patients thought they were having paroxysmal atrial tachycardia when their rhythm strips showed that they were having sinus tachycardia. Patient compliance and satisfaction with our follow-up system were high. Our study supports the use of ECG recording by telephone as an excellent tool to document arrhythmias in patients enrolled in clinical trials. PMID- 7039986 TI - Bacterial infections of the lung. PMID- 7039987 TI - [Juvenile bone cysts - pathogenesis and therapy]. PMID- 7039988 TI - [Clean field experience in the operating room - bacteriological studies]. PMID- 7039989 TI - [A discussion on the bleeding manifestation in patients with leukemia and lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7039990 TI - [Plasma C-peptide concentration in normal and different types of diabetic subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7039991 TI - Somatomedins and fetal growth. PMID- 7039992 TI - ["Turning-out" suture versus enucleation method in treatment of ganglion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7039993 TI - [Extracorporeal renal surgery and autotransplantation: report of 8 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7039994 TI - Ogilvie's syndrome (acute colonic pseudo-obstruction): review of the literature (October 1948 to March 1980) and report of four additional cases. AB - Four additional cases of Ogilvie's syndrome (acute colonic pseudo-obstruction), representing the first cases described in Italy, are reported. The medical literature concerning the subject is also thoroughly reviewed. Ogilvie's syndrome is an acute massive dilatation of the large bowel without organic obstruction of the distal colon. Three hundred and fifty-one cases have been described in the literature to date. Eighty-eight per cent of the cases were associated with various extracolonic affections (metabolic and organ dysfunctions, postoperative and posttraumatic states, etc.). Twelve per cent of cases were not associated with known disorders and were defined as idiopathic. The pathophysiology of the syndrome is still unknown. Ogilvie, who first described the syndrome in 1948, suggested an imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the colon: this neurogenic hypothesis has been shared by other authors, although explanations may differ slightly. The clinical and radiologic picture closely resembles mechanical obstruction of the large bowel. The most marked dilatation usually takes place in the right colon and cecum: if the distended cecum reaches a diameter larger than 9 to 12 cm, perforation is likely to occur; if perforation occurs, the mortality rate increases from 25 to 31 per cent to about 43 to 46 per cent. If conservative management fails to control the dilatation and cecal rupture is impending or suspected emergency surgery is indicated, the surgical procedure of choice is dictated by the general conditions of the patient as well as by the intestinal findings: operation may consist of cecostomy, colostomy, or right hemicolectomy or simply emptying the bowel. PMID- 7039995 TI - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. On the antiseptic principle in the practice of surgery by Joseph Lister 1867. PMID- 7039996 TI - Presidential address. Who dug your well? PMID- 7039997 TI - Symposium: anal incontinence. PMID- 7039998 TI - Reminiscences: Rupert Beach Turnbull, Jr., October 3, 1913-February 18, 1981. PMID- 7039999 TI - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Diseases of the anus and rectum, D. H. Goodsall and W. Ernest Miles. PMID- 7040001 TI - Fulminant onset of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. PMID- 7040000 TI - A comparison of the effects of prostacyclin and the 15(S), 15-methyl analogs of PGE2 and PGF2-alpha on gastric parietal and nonparietal secretion. PMID- 7040002 TI - Effects of angiotensin II on blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone in the fetal lamb. AB - 11 chronically catheterized fetal lamb preparations between 102 and 138 days of gestation (term 140--150 days) were studied after a continuous infusion of exogenous angiotensin II (0.25 microgram/kg/min). The pressor response to angiotensin II was delta 12.4 +/- 1.1 mm Hg. Plasma renin activity decreased from 6.33 +/- 2.49 ng/ml/h (mean and SEM) to 3.08 +/- 1.21 (p less than 0.05) after 30 min of the angiotensin II infusion. Plasma aldosterone showed a small increase from 5.13 +/- 0.9 to 7.34 +/- 1.22 ng/dl after 60 min (p less than 0.05) of the angiotensin II infusion. These results indicate that a pressor dose of angiotensin II will inhibit plasma renin activity and stimulate aldosterone secretion during the last trimester in the fetal sheep. PMID- 7040003 TI - Modification of fibronectin distribution pattern in solid human tumours. AB - Using indirect immunofluorescence, the distribution pattern of fibronectin has been studied in a variety of solid human tumours and corresponding normal tissues. Fibronectin could be detected on normal epithelial cell membranes, in periglandular and perivascular basement membranes and in the intercellular stroma. No modification of this distribution pattern was detected in a variety of benign tumours or in certain pathological, non-malignant disorders (Dupuytren's contracture). In infiltrating mammary carcinomas, cell membrane staining disappeared even before invasion, the staining pattern of the glandular basement membranes became patchy, discontinuous and finally disappeared with invasion. Fibronectin persisted on vascular basement membranes and in the fibrous matrix remaining between the areas of infiltration. Similar modified fibronectin patterns were observed in bronchial, endometrial, prostatic, urinary bladder and thyroid carcinomas. In sarcomas, fibronectin disappeared from the membranes of transformed cells and decreased in intensity in the intercellular matrix. It can be stated, therefore, that the progressive loss of cell membrane and glandular basement membrane bound fibronectin is a characteristic feature of malignant human tumours and may assist with the histological differential diagnosis of atypical lesions and early invasion. PMID- 7040004 TI - An immunocytochemical study of the distribution of epithelial membrane antigen in normal and disordered squamous epithelium. AB - Using immunocytochemical techniques, we have investigated the distribution of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) in human squamous epithelium. The antigen is not demonstrable in normal adult tissues although it is present on the surface membrane of normal foetal epidermis before keratinization takes place. It may be expressed strongly in the adult, however, in in situ and infiltrative squamous carcinomas as well as in a variety of non-neoplastic states. Present evidence suggests that EMA may protect exposed surfaces. The lack of demonstrable antigen on malignant melanomas and basal cell carcinomas highlights the histogenetic differences between these tumours and squamous carcinomas, and suggests a possible role for EMA in the differential diagnosis of malignant skin tumours. PMID- 7040005 TI - The mononuclear phagocyte system of the mouse as demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase technique using anti-mouse macrophage antiserum. AB - With an antibody raised to mouse peritoneal macrophages, it is possible to demonstrate macrophages in various murine tissues using an immunoperoxidase technique. The distribution of these cells is described and illustrated. The antigenic determinant(s) appears to reside on the macrophage surface and this has been confirmed by appropriate electron microscopic studies of stained Kupffer cells. With an antibody to human macrophages, the method may be useful in clinical histopathological practice. PMID- 7040006 TI - Pterygium excision with or without postoperative irradiation, a double-blind study. AB - A double-blind study (covering 40 months) of 40 eyes with a pterygium which had not previously been operated on, was carried out to study the effect of post operative irradiation. Nineteen eyes were treated by the 'bare sclera' operation technique only and in 13 cases (68%) a recurrence occurred within 4 months. In 18 eyes from the group of patients treated with Sr 90 irradiation on the 1st, 7th and 14th postoperative day (maximum 3 X 1000 rad) no recurrences were seen. Patients with a recurrent pterygium and diplopia, symblepharon, visual disturbances (growth over the pupil or severe astigmatism) or many previous operations, were treated by lamellar keratoplasty (Dake, 1980). The recurrences without these complications were treated with success by the 'bare sclera' technique and postoperative irradiation. Complications did not occur in any of the series. PMID- 7040007 TI - Automutilation of the cornea. I. Ophthalmological aspects. AB - Automutilation of the cornea occurs more frequently than is generally supposed. The patient, particularly at his first visit, certainly will not reveal the cause of the cornea lesion. In two University Eye Clinics 19 patients were seen in whom the diagnosis of automutilation of the cornea could be made. It is important for the ophthalmologist to bear the possibility of automutilation in mind. In 6 of our patients corneal grafts were performed. All these grafts failed because of further automutilation. Corneal transplantation is certainly not indicated; these operations were performed because the patient's true condition had not been spotted in time. Better forms of treatment are tarsorrhaphy or the application of closely occluding bandages. In this way fair results were obtained in 2 cases. It is wrong to force the patient to a confrontation (i.e. to tell him that automutilation is suspected). Confrontation can lead to more severe mental disorders. In all cases psychiatric treatment is absolutely essential. The ophthalmological prognosis for this condition is poor and psychiatric help is quite often refused. PMID- 7040008 TI - Intracorneal haemorrhage. AB - In the vascularized cornea of a 63-year-old woman a haematoma developed which was so large that pupillary block resulted. Evacuation of the haematoma restored the form of the cornea and normalized the intraocular pressure. For the restoration of vision a transplantation was necessary. PMID- 7040009 TI - A semidisposable punchblock with the disposable superblade trephine: a good combination with which to obtain donor corneal disc. PMID- 7040010 TI - The simultaneous expression of human chorionic gonadotropin and carcinoembryonic antigen in the female genital tract. Localization by immunocytochemistry. AB - Tissue from 180 gynecologic disorders were studied for the simultaneous expression of HCG and CEA, utilizing the immunoperoxidase technique. Of the total population, 0.5% expressed both antigens, 8.8% expressed only hCG, and 5.5% expressed only CEA; 85% expressed neither. The greatest variability of marker expression was among the ovarian and endometrial neoplasms. PMID- 7040011 TI - Dysgerminoma with giant cells. A case report with immunoperoxidase. AB - A 15-year-old female with a positive pregnancy test was found to have a large ovarian tumor. Histology revealed a pure dysgerminoma with unusual giant cells, reminiscent of syncytiotrophoblast. PAP immunoperoxidase to the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was performed on tumor sections. HCG was demonstrated within and confined to the giant cells. All studies for alpha fetoprotein were negative. The use of immunoperoxidase in the evaluation of tumor markers and in the management of this unique tumor is discussed. PMID- 7040012 TI - [Interaction of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with a cationic fluorescent probe]. PMID- 7040013 TI - [Interrelationship between plasma renin activity and angiotensin II level --A preliminary analysis of 773 samples from normotensives and essential hypertensives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040014 TI - The current status of attempts to predict species differences in drug metabolism. PMID- 7040016 TI - Excretion of drugs in human breast milk. AB - The present report briefly discusses some of the morphological, physiological, and compositional aspects of animal and human breast milk and how these characteristics might be important for the accumulation of drugs and foreign compounds. In addition, a study is described confirming the presence of caffeine, codeine, morphine, phenacetin, acetaminophen, and salicylic acid in the breast milk of a lactating mother following oral administration of a combination analgesic containing aspirin, phenacetin, caffeine, and codeine. Although the study is limited to one subject, it has provided critically needed data on the rates of appearance in, and elimination of these drugs from, breast milk. A similar amount of information is presented on phenacetin, also a component of the analgesic mixture, which has not been previously reported to enter human milk. The distribution of these drugs between the slightly more acidic breast milk and the relatively neutral plasma is consistent with their weakly basic, acidic, or relatively neutral properties. In general, the study shows that codeine and morphine milk concentrations are higher than, salicylic acid milk levels are much lower than, and phenacetin, caffeine, and acetaminophen milk concentrations are relatively similar to their respective plasma levels. It is projected, from estimated steady-state milk concentrations of the drugs and their metabolites studied, that very low percentages of the therapeutic dosages (less than 0.7%) would be excreted in mother's milk, too low an amount to be clinically significant to the infant. PMID- 7040015 TI - Inactivation of rat liver cytochrome P-450 by the suicide substrates parathion and chloramphenicol. PMID- 7040017 TI - Recent advances in capillary gas chromatography related to drug research. AB - Recent progress in capillary gas chromatography, with emphasis on the needs of drug research, has been briefly reviewed. The value of this method in studies of drug-induced changes in metabolic profiles has been emphasized. Recent improvements in technology of glass and fused-silica capillary columns and enhanced capabilities of detectors related to capillary techniques promise to increase their utilization in drug research and routine analyses. PMID- 7040018 TI - Sulindac: therapeutic implications of the prodrug/pharmacophore equilibrium. AB - Sulindac is a prodrug which, following absorption, rapidly attains a metabolic equilibrium with its active pharmacophore, the sulfide metabolite. At the level of the whole body, the reversible interconversion sulindac in equilibrium sulfide, and the differing distributional and excretory properties of each, provide a theoretical basis for the long plasma half-life of active drug and, in animal species, for the favorable gastrointestinal tolerance observed. In all organ cells examined, and in macrophages, enzyme systems mediating each of the opposing biotransformations between prodrug and active sulfide are present: sulindac reductase in the cytoplasm, and the sulfide oxidase activity in microsomes. Estimated metabolic rate constants for intracellular pools are of the order 0.1-0.3 min-1. It is thus proposed that sulfide, which is oxidized to sulindac in the course of scavenging oxidizing radicals generated in inflammatory responses, may be efficiently regenerated in situ. PMID- 7040019 TI - The pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile of the antiinflammatory agent tolmetin in laboratory animals and man. PMID- 7040021 TI - Cytochrome P-450s: research highlights of the last two decades. PMID- 7040020 TI - Drug-metabolizing enzymes as evolutionary probes. PMID- 7040022 TI - Captopril (Capoten, E.R. Squibb & Sons). PMID- 7040023 TI - The legacy of Donald E. Francke: DICP--a fifteen-year commitment to clinical pharmacy. PMID- 7040024 TI - Electrophysiologic testing of antiarrhythmic therapy. PMID- 7040025 TI - Lidocaine clinical pharmacokinetics. AB - A review of the clinical pharmacokinetics of lidocaine is presented. Available evidence suggests that antiarrhythmic effects are reasonably well correlated wih plasma concentration. Adverse effects also covary with plasma concentration, but available evidence suggests that the correlation is not strong. A simple, multiple-bolus loading schedule appears to be superior to techniques using loading infusions; most of the multiple-bolus protocols mandate that only enough drug be given to attain the desired pharmacologic effect. In contrast, the loading infusion protocols almost invariably require the administration of a fixed dose, regardless of what fraction of the dose has been given when arrhythmia suppression is achieved. Since multiple-bolus and constant-rate infusion techniques have been shown to reduce substantially the incidence of primary ventricular fibrillation, they should be considered appropriate prophylactic and treatment regimens for acute myocardial infarction patients. PMID- 7040026 TI - Chloramphenicol: new perspectives on an old drug. AB - Chloramphenicol is an old antibiotic being used with increasing frequency in serious childhood infections largely due to the emergence of ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae type b. Because of this renewed popularity and the recent availability of accurate analytical techniques for measurement of chloramphenicol, there have been many recent articles examining the pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol and its two major prodrug esters, chloramphenicol succinate and chloramphenicol palmitate. New data from these studies include the incomplete bioavailability of chloramphenicol succinate, the possible superior bioavailability of chloramphenicol palmitate vs. chloramphenicol succinate, and the wide interpatient variability in chloramphenicol clearance. These observations, coupled with the known serious hematologic toxicity (reversible bone marrow suppression or irreversible aplastic anemia) and metabolic toxicity (gray baby syndrome) associated with chloramphenicol use, require that initial antibiotic doses be selected by age and be carefully individualized by measurement of peak serum chloramphenicol concentrations. PMID- 7040027 TI - Pharmaceutical regulations in the 1980s--predictions. PMID- 7040028 TI - [Organ-preserving treatment of splenic injuries]. PMID- 7040029 TI - [Transplantation of pancreas and kidney in diabetic nephropathy (author's transl)]. AB - In juvenile diabetics with diabetic nephropathy transplantation of the pancreas at the time of renal transplantation is thought to improve the progression of diabetic complications. Between 1. 7. 1980 and 31. 12. 1981, nine kidney and pancreas transplants were performed for this reason. Five pancreas transplantations failed for non-immunological causes. Of four successful transplantations, two transplants were later rejected through non-reversible immunological cause. The function of both organs has remained normal in two patients after 18 and 9 months, respectively. These patients are normoglycaemic on a normal diet and, despite prednisone medication, do not require insulin administration. PMID- 7040030 TI - [Dr. H. Hill on his 65th birthday]. PMID- 7040031 TI - [A combined injection- and inhalation-anaesthesia method for the guinea pig (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040032 TI - [Relationship between microbial activity in the gastrointestinal tract and vitamin B1 supply in sheep (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040033 TI - [The influence of the level of production on ketogenesis in milking cows and the effect of a niacin supplement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040034 TI - [Magnesium and sodium absorption from the isolated sheep rumen during intravenous aldosterone infusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040035 TI - [Stomach motility in the rabbit]. PMID- 7040036 TI - [Physiological proteinuria in healthy animals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040037 TI - [Effects of pentobarbital on feed intake, daily growth and blood concentrations of insulin, thyroxine, glucose and cholesterol in young calves (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040038 TI - [60Co irradation facility for hens eggs, radiation field parameters and energy absorption in the egg (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040039 TI - [A device for measuring bronchial resistance]. PMID- 7040040 TI - [The role of communication systems in scientific research - the TNM classification in oncology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040041 TI - [Influence of cesarean section on the acid-base levels and the plasma glucose level of newborn calves]. PMID- 7040042 TI - [Worm infection in boars (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040043 TI - [Delayed dentition of an Indian elephant causing obstipation and colic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040044 TI - [Iatrogenic paralysis of the sciatic nerve in a suckling piglet]. PMID- 7040045 TI - [Secretion of endogenous urea into the rumen in ruminants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040046 TI - [The 100th anniversary of the birth of the Veterinary Surgeon General, Dr. Curt Schulze]. PMID- 7040047 TI - [Surveillance of reproduction in the West German thoroughbred (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040048 TI - [Activities of General Veterinary Surgeon of the German Army in breeding of horses during the war from 1939-45 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040049 TI - [Drugs used in military veterinary service during the second world war (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040050 TI - [Veterinary medical equipment during the second world war (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040051 TI - [From horse shoeing to hoof orthopedia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040052 TI - [As a parasitologist in the military veterinary services (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040053 TI - [Contribution to the horse isolation facility of an army in 1940/41 and to the experiences as a head of a horse isolation hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040054 TI - [The activity of the veterinarian in the "Bundeswehr" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040055 TI - [Iconography No. 11. Multiple heterotopic development of the testes in hermaphroditismus ambiglandularis]. PMID- 7040056 TI - [A new appearance of the acute form of infectious laryngotracheitis of chickens in the north part of Germany (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040057 TI - [Anemia, involution of lymphatic tissues and dermatitis - observations on a new picture of disease in poultry fattening (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040058 TI - [Highly molassed sugarbeet pulp in ruminant's nutrition. III. Highly molassed dried sugarbeet pulp as the main component in feeding fattening bulls (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040059 TI - [History and functions of the German Veterinary Institutes known as "Tiergesundheitsamter" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040060 TI - [Disinfection of airplane storage rooms after the transport of animals]. PMID- 7040061 TI - [Anticoagulant therapy in the horse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040062 TI - [Iconography No. 8: Ovarian abscess in a heifer]. PMID- 7040063 TI - [Research in water buffaloes at the Institute of Tropical Veterinary Medicine of the Justus Liebig-University Giessen from 1964-1981 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040064 TI - Suspected cancer-causing agents in the hospital environment. PMID- 7040065 TI - Insulin release at physiologic potassium concentrations. AB - While high concentrations of potassium directly stimulate pancreatic insulin release, it has not been shown whether potassium ions within the physiologic range produce the same effect. Rats fed a low potassium diet were given KCl intraperitoneally. Insulin levels measured in the portal vein were significantly elevated (172.9 +/- 17 vs 76.5 +/- 14.9 microunits/ml, p less than .05) at 30 minutes, compared to peripheral insulin levels in which the increase did not reach significance. Thus insulin, when measured in portal vein blood samples, is significantly released by potassium increments within the normal range in the absence of exogenous glucose loads. PMID- 7040066 TI - The importance of biopharmaceutic considerations in biological assays of LHRH and its analogs. AB - The choice of vehicle, route of administration and actual biological end-point utilized to measure the potency of LHRH analogs can have marked effects on the results of such studies. The activities of LHRH and an analog (D-TRP6,Pro9-NEt LHRH) suspended in two vehicles were evaluated in two different biological tests including induction of ovulation in androgen sterilized rats and stimulation of uterine growth in immature mice. Our data clearly demonstrate that variables inherent in bioassays used to study LHRH analogs must be controlled if valid conclusions are to be made regarding the relative pharmacological activity and potency of these peptides. PMID- 7040067 TI - Effect of bovine growth hormone on development of goat mammary tissue in organ culture. AB - The effect of bovine growth hormone (bGH) on DNA, protein and casein synthesis in goat mammary explants was studied. Growth hormone was unable to stimulate DNA synthesis or potentiate insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis either in high or low oxygen concentrations. In the presence of insulin and cortisol bGH had no effect on the synthesis of explant cytosol proteins. Two preparations of bGH were tested for their effect on casein synthesis. The preparation NIH-GH-B17 at concentration 50 micrograms ml-1 increased casein synthesis similarly as about 0.5 micrograms ml-1 of prolactin. Our preparation, prepared by the method of Prusik and Braun [1967], at concentration 50 micrograms ml-1 had effect lower than 0.05 micrograms ml-1 of prolactin. The lactogenic activity of NIH-GH-B17 was decreased by treatment with specific antisera to bovine prolactin. When submaximum concentration of prolactin (0.05 microgram ml-1) was added, bGH at concentration as low as 0.5 microgram ml-1 had synergistic effect on prolactin stimulated casein synthesis. PMID- 7040068 TI - Short-term control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in isolated hepatocytes by insulin and glucagon. PMID- 7040069 TI - Comparison of the genotoxic activities of extracts from ambient and forest fire polluted air. AB - The genotoxicity and airborne organic particles from forest fire smoke was compared to that from nonsmoky (ambient) urban air using the Salmonella reversion assay and the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay in cultured human lymphocytes. Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 were used with and without the addition of Aroclor-induced rat liver homogenate (S9). Each sample induced dose related increases in mutagenicity and SCE. However, on the basis of the volume of air sampled, the smoke-filled air induced 12 to 14 times more bacterial reversions in TA100 and 16-38 times more reversions in TA98 brain ambient air. Similarly, on a volume basis smoky air induced 43 times more SCE in human lymphocytes than did ambient air. The results indicate that the increased mutagenicity was due not only to the heavier particulate load of the air, but also to the increased specific mutagenicity of the particles. PMID- 7040070 TI - Mutagenic activity of sterilization indicators. AB - Using the Ames Salmonella/microsomal assay, mutagens were detected in acetone methylene chloride extracts of black threads on glass tube-type sterilization indicators used in hospitals and research laboratories. Extracts of samples of commercially available black thread also contained mutagenic substances. Fluids autoclaved with these sterilization indicators may alter the results in mutagenicity and other studies. PMID- 7040071 TI - Origins of the standards for control of beryllium disease (1947-1949). PMID- 7040072 TI - Glucose uptake in relation to metabolic state in perfused rat hind limb at rest and during exercise. AB - A modified rat hindlimb perfusion technique, aimed at studying factors of importance for glucose uptake at rest and during exercise, is presented. The modifications involved cannulation of the femoral artery and femoral vein in the groin, instead of the aorta and caval vein. This modification gives a number of advantages, among others the possibility of using the contralateral leg as control, perfused or nonperfused. The muscle tissue was well preserved after 40 min of perfusion, as judged from normal levels of muscle metabolites. The glucose uptake at rest was dependent on glucose delivery (glucose concentration times blood flow) as well as insulin concentration. During exercise, induced by sciatic nerve stimulation, glucose uptake, lactate production and oxygen uptake increased. The glucose uptake during exercise was closely related to the metabolic state of the muscle tissue. Thus, the glucose uptake was negatively correlated with the ATP/ADP ratio and the creatine phosphate level, and positively correlated to the lactate level in both soleus and gastrocnemius muscle. The results suggest that the level of the glucose uptake in exercising muscles is determined by the energy state of the muscle tissue. PMID- 7040073 TI - Glucose transport in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. AB - We have investigated the claim by Schweiger and coworkers [Eur. J. Biochem. 102(1979)231-236] that glucose transport in Escherichia coli is catalyzed mainly by an ATP-dependent transport system instead of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. A major argument was the differential effect of 2,4 dinitrophenol on glucose uptake and the transport of its non-metabolizable analogue, methyl alpha-glucoside. Whereas the first was inhibited, the second was stimulated. When subsequent glucose metabolism is prevented by introducing mutations that eliminate glucose 6-phosphate metabolism, 2,4-dinitrophenol does not inhibit glucose transport. Although dinitrophenol inhibited in wild-type cells of E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium the uptake of 14C label in cells using [U-14C]glucose as a substrate, disappearance of glucose from the medium was not affected or only slightly affected. Since uptake represents a combination of transport and subsequent metabolism, retention of labelled material depends on the balance of incorporation of label in cellular material and efflux of labelled compounds. Our experiments show that inhibition of the uptake of labelled glucose by 2,4-dinitrophenol is not due to inhibition of transport as suggested by Schweiger and coworkers, but to increased efflux of labelled compounds such as acetate and pyruvate. In addition, incorporation of label in cellular material is lowered by dinitrophenol. Inhibition of uptake by dinitrophenol is found with many labelled sugars, including mannitol, galactose and glycerol, the transport of which is energized in quite different ways. We conclude that there is no need to postulate a novel ATP-driven system for glucose transport. All results can be explained with the phosphoenolpyruvate:glucose phosphotransferase system as the main if not sole glucose transport system. PMID- 7040074 TI - Polymerization/excision kinetics of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. Stability in kinetic behaviour and variations of the rate constants with temperature and pH. AB - 1. The incorporation and excision kinetics of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I in the replication of (dA)n with dUTP and (dI)n with dCTP was studied at various temperatures and pH. When the incorporation/excision ratio (dy/dx) is plotted against the concentration of deoxynucleoside triphosphate [S] two kinds of curves are obtained. With (dI)n, dy/dx increases with [S], then reaches an asymptotic value. This behaviour, consistent with a kinetic amplification or kinetic proofreading mechanism, is observed at all temperatures and pH. With (dA)n, dy/dx increases with [S] but in a convex, instead of a concave manner. In this case, we approximated the curves by straight lines at the origin, in conformity with the prediction of the frayed-unfrayed model. Again a single behaviour is consistently observed at all temperatures and pH. 2. The data were analyzed in terms of ratios or products of three kinetic constants: ki for incorporation, ke for excision and, in the (dI)n system, theta for the processing of the incoming dNTP. The dNMP production in the (dI)n system is dominated by the ke theta term which increases with temperature and pH. Temperature influences excision more than incorporation, the net result being a linear decrease of ki/ke with temperature. The effect is more pronounced with (dI)n than with (dA)n and is probably related to the stability of the template-primer complex. The ki/ke term shows a bell-shaped dependency with pH in the (dI)n system. With (dA)n it remains constant between pH 7.5 and 8.5 then decreases with a transition midpoint at pH 9.0. We suggest that the pH profiles may reflect the ionization of the template in the first case, and of the substrate in the second. PMID- 7040075 TI - Primary structure of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S1 and features of its functional domains. AB - The complete covalent structure of ribosomal protein S1 of Escherichia coli has been determined and predictions made of its secondary structure. Protein S1 (E. coli MRE 600) is a single-chain, acidic protein with 557 amino acid residues of the composition Asp43, Asn23, Thr25, Ser25, Glu60, Gln14, Pro10, Gly48, Ala48, Val67, Met6, Ile30, Leu45, Tyr6, Phe17, His8, Lys43, Arg30, Trp7, Cys2 and an Mr of 61159. The two -SH groups of S1 are located in the central region of the chain at positions 292 and 349, the latter being the reactive group whose modification results in the reported loss of the nucleic-acid-unfolding ability of S1. The central region also contains the majority of the tryptophan, histidine and methionine residues of S1 and is predicted to have a secondary structure dominated by beta-sheets and turns. A direct proof for the location of the nucleic-acid-binding domain of S1 in the central region has recently been obtained [Subramanian et al. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 119, 245-249]. The N terminal region of S1, which contains the ribosome-binding domain has a relatively high predicted alpha-helix content and no preponderance of basic amino acids. The facile trypsin-sensitive site in S1 is located at Arg-171, approximately at the border between the N-terminal and central regions. The acidic and basic amino acids of S1 (32.8% of all residues) are distributed throughout the chain, often in small clusters of between two and six residues. The amino acid sequence of S1 contains three 24-residue stretches with strong internal homology. Two of the stretches are located in the central, RNA-binding region, suggesting a possible role in the RNA-binding and helix-destabilizing functions of S1. A fragment of Mr 10(4) from the central region of S1 gives an anomalously high apparent Mr by dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis, indicating a stable structural element therein and accounting for the apparent high Mr of S1 as determined by gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7040076 TI - Protease resistance and conformation of laminin. PMID- 7040077 TI - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography. AB - The authors report the preliminary results obtained with a prototype of a digital subtraction unit in intravenous aortography. This new method in its actual state of development is not able to replace conventional arteriography. The new technique can be applied in selected clinical conditions where conventional arteriography is contraindicated or impossible. Further improvement of the spatial resolution of the digital image and reduction of the amount of contrast medium may extend clinical applications of this method which may be able to reduce substantially the cost and morbidity of angiography. PMID- 7040078 TI - Isolation and localization of plasma membrane-bound invertase in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). AB - Latex spheres of 60 nm diameter (synthesized by aqueous emulsion copolymerization of methacrylate derivatives according to [22]) were coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and concanavalin A. By virtue of their size and their high density (1.32-1.35 g/ml) they are well suited as scanning electron microscopy markers and as affinity density perturbation reagents. Yeast protoplasts could be labeled with these spheres and the amount of binding depended upon incubation time and temperature. Isolated and solubilized yeast plasma membranes were incubated with these spheres and by density gradient centrifugation the membrane glycoproteins could be separated from the other proteins by the method of affinity density perturbation. Since the yeast plasma membrane glycoproteins exhibit invertase activity [1, 19] the activity of the different fractions was either detected on gels by staining for invertase activity or measured in vitro and quantified; a 6 to 7fold purification of the enzyme was achieved. Protoplasts labeled with antibodies directed against these glycoproteins exhibited a distribution of ferritin marker molecules that was very similar to that of the intramembranous particles. Antibodies against extracellular invertase cross reacted with the plasma membrane of glycoproteins and showed the same distribution of markers as the antibodies against the glycoproteins. It can therefore be concluded that the yeast plasma membrane glycoproteins exhibit invertase activity and that they are associated with the intramembranous particles. PMID- 7040079 TI - Electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of storage proteins in Vicia faba seeds. AB - The main storage proteins legumin and vicilin were located by immuno-labeling with protein A-gold in formaldehyde fixed tissues of Vicia faba seeds at different developmental stages. Both proteins were found to be accumulated together in the same protein bodies. Besides these organelles only the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is labeled in particular developmental stages of the cotyledons. A fraction of proteins accumulated in the vacuoles at earlier stages of development also represents storage proteins. Besides the formation of protein bodies by the ER a second route of origination from vacuoles is proposed for Vicia faba seeds at early developmental stages. PMID- 7040080 TI - Electron microscopic characterization of intermediate filaments in rat liver parenchymal cells. AB - Filamentous networks were isolated from rat liver and studied by electron microscopy after negative staining with uranyl acetate. Highly purified preparations of networks were used to obtain material for immunological studies, but morphological studies were made more satisfactorily on preparations purified only by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The filaments forming the networks were 7 to 11 nm thick, consistent with classification as intermediate filaments. On immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies directed against filament-forming proteins, both the networks in the isolated preparations and the filamentous networks in cryosections were visualized, thus providing evidence that the network isolated from rat liver homogenate corresponds to the network in intact parenchymal cells. PMID- 7040081 TI - Prediction of urinary excretion of 131I-orthoiodohippurate. AB - A new formula is presented for the prediction of urinary excretion at approximately 35 min after injection of 131I-orthoiodohippurate, derived from a large series of normal kidney donors, before and after unilateral nephrectomy, and a few patients with diseases in which there was no evidence of urinary tract obstruction. The best formula was: Expected percent dose excretion at 35 min = 79.3[1-e--(0.004798 X ERPF)] with a standard error of estimate (Sy.x) of 5.2% dose. This value has been particularly useful in clinical practice in the calculation of an excretion index (actual/expected percent dose excretion) which separates various post-transplantation entities and various nephrourologic processes. PMID- 7040082 TI - Mechanical ventilation as a pump for the pulmonary circulation. PMID- 7040083 TI - Imbalance in brush border enzyme activities as a possible cause of hepatic dysfunction after jejunoileal bypass in the rat. AB - Previous work in our laboratory and in others suggest that protein malnutrition plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic dysfunction after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. This experimental study was undertaken to attempt to correlate hepatic dysfunction (the criterion used was the bromsulphalein clearance) to morphological and enzymatic adaptation of the functioning intestine in the rat. It was observed that the period of impaired bromsulphalein clearance is concomitant with a slight ileal morphological adaptation and especially with a period of selective adaptation of maltase and sucrase activities, whereas there is no increase in aminopeptidase activity. These data support the hypothesis that after jejunoileal bypass a preferential absorption of carbohydrates along with a protein deficiency state could occur and as in kwashiorkor it results in an impaired nutritional status, a major contributing factor to bypass-induced liver injury. PMID- 7040084 TI - Prolonged hypocholesteremic effect of portacaval transposition in dogs. An experimental study. PMID- 7040085 TI - Enhancement of cellular uptake of ellipticine by insulin preincubation. PMID- 7040086 TI - Vancomycin plus gentamicin and cotrimoxazole for prevention of infections in neutropenic cancer patients (a comparative, placebo-controlled pilot study). PMID- 7040088 TI - The application of photographic subtraction in longitudinal cephalometric growth studies. PMID- 7040087 TI - Effects of inhibitors of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake on plasma glucose and their interaction with 5-hydroxytryptophan in producing hypoglycaemia in mice. AB - The effects of various inhibitors of 5-HT uptake on plasma glucose have been studied in normal and monoamine oxidase inhibitor pretreated mice. Additionally their interaction with 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in producing hypoglycaemia was studied. Clomipramine, fenfluramine, fluoxetine, ORG 6582 (dl-8-chloro-11-anti amino-benzo-(b)-bicyclo[3.3.1]nona-3, 6 alpha(10 alpha)-diene hydrochloride), ORG 6997 (dl-4-exo-amino-8-chloro-benzo-(b)-bicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2-6 alpha(10 alpha) diene hydrochloride), MK 212 and mazindol did not modify the plasma glucose in normal mice but produced hypoglycaemia in mice pretreated with either nialamide or pargyline. Dexamphetamine did not influence plasma glucose in either normal or monoamine oxidase inhibitor pretreated mice. Each of the above drugs except ORG 6997 but including dexamphetamine augmented the hypoglycaemic effect of 5-HTP in normal mice. These responses did not appear to be mediated by insulin since none of the drugs increased the plasma immunoreactive insulin concentration or augmented the hyperinsulinaemic effect of 5-HTP. Moreover, fenfluramine, fluoxetine and ORG 6582 did not augment the hypoglycaemic action of injected insulin although such an augmentation was produced by mazindol. PMID- 7040089 TI - Cytoplasmic network arrays demonstrated by immunolocalization using antibodies to a high molecular weight protein present in cytoskeletal preparations from cultured cells. PMID- 7040090 TI - The intracellular localization of the microvillus 110K protein, a component considered to be involved in side-on membrane attachment of F-actin. PMID- 7040091 TI - Age-related changes in the physiological state of budding yeast cells. PMID- 7040092 TI - Modelling cortical cataractogenesis. IV. Induction by hygromycin B in vivo (swine) and in vitro (rat lens). PMID- 7040093 TI - Possibility of three distinct and separable components to fatal graft-vs-host reaction. PMID- 7040094 TI - Protease activity in human urine erythropoietin preparations. AB - The presence of protease activity in 22 of 23 crude urine erythropoietin (Ep) preparations was identified by two different protease assays. Protease activity was enhanced at pH 4.5. Seven known protease inhibitors, two chelating agents, a sulfhydryl reagent and a chaotrophic agent failed to inhibit the protease activity of these Ep preparations. However, heating at 80 degrees C for 5 min uniformly eliminated protease activity without affecting Ep activity. In view of the sensitivity of cell surface proteins to proteolytic attack, the presence of protease activity in crude preparations of Ep should be considered when such preparations are employed in cell culture experiments. PMID- 7040095 TI - Gastrointestinal decontamination of dogs treated with total body irradiation and bone marrow transplantation. AB - Procedures for total and selective gastrointestinal decontamination of dogs are described. The selective procedure removed only Gram negative aerobic bacteria, yeast and fungi. Dogs receiving total decontamination were less susceptible to the GI syndrome following total body irradiation (TBI) than dogs receiving conventional care. After TBI and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, serum albumin levels decreased in conventional animals, but remained normal in totally or selectively decontaminated animals. Exogenous infections occurred frequently in both irradiated, and totally decontaminated animals, but were absent in selectively decontaminated animals. Endogenous infections after total body irradiation were prevented only by total decontamination. Endogenous infections occurred in selectively decontaminated animals, but with milder clinical symptoms than in conventional animals. Appearance of donor type leukocytes and serum gamma globulin was slower in decontaminated animals than in conventionally treated controls. Acute graft versus host disease caused by a limited number of lymphocytes of a DLA identical littermate donor were prevented by selective gastrointestinal decontamination. Complications due to late immune reconstitution obscured the effect of decontamination on delayed graft versus host disease. PMID- 7040096 TI - Piperazinedione (NSC 135758) and total body irradiation as an ablative bone marrow transplantation regimen in mice. AB - Piperazinedione, an antitumor antibiotic with activity against leukemia, has been incorporated into a regimen for clinical bone marrow transplantations. Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of piperazinedione on hemopoietic stem cells and the recovery of hemopoiesis after syngeneic transplantation. The effect of piperazinedione on hemopoietic stem cells is short in duration (nadir day 1). Myelosuppression does not appear to be its limiting toxicity, since mice could not be rescued by syngeneic bone marrow at increased doses of piperazinedione. Piperazinedione given prior to total body irradiation has an enhancing effect on colony-forming unit culture (CFUC) and colony-forming unit spleen (CFUS) recovery from day 7 to day 90 post transplantation when compared with total body irradiation alone. PMID- 7040098 TI - A comparison of steady state plasma theophylline concentrations with conventional and sustained release formulations. AB - The absorption of theophylline from a sustained release formation (Phyllocontin) in relation to drug absorption from a conventional formulation was assessed at steady state in a multiple-dose study. Seven healthy adult subjects were studied using a two 5-day period crossover design. The data from this study indicate that the sustained release tablet has acceptable sustained release characteristics and should provide both reliable and complete drug absorption, giving it advantage over conventional formulations during chronic therapy of patients with reversible airways obstruction. PMID- 7040097 TI - The combined effect of theophylline and terbutaline in patients with chronic obstructive airway diseases. AB - Using a double-blind, cross-over design the acute bronchodilating effect of 375 mg microcrystalline theophylline, 5 mg terbutaline, a combination of both drugs and placebo was studied in 11 patients suffering from moderate to severe chronic obstructive lung disease with partially reversible airway obstruction. Plasma concentrations both theophylline and terbutaline were measured. The bronchodilation produced by oral intake of 5 mg terbutaline and 375 mg theophylline was comparable. The maximal median value of terbutaline in plasma was 4.6 ng/ml 2 h after intake of medication, followed by a decline with a double peak in some patients. The maximal median increase of FEV1 was 37% 3 h after intake of medication. The maximal median plasma level of theophylline reached 12.5 ng/ml 30 min after intake of the medication. The median maximal increase of FEV1 was 24%. One hour after intake of medication and throughout the whole test period up to 7 h, the combination of 5 mg terbutaline and 375 mg theophylline produced a significantly greater bronchodilation than each drug alone. It is concluded that 375 mg microcrystalline theophylline produced a significantly greater bronchodilation than each drug alone. It is concluded that 375 mg microcrystalline theophylline and 5 mg terbutaline produces almost equal bronchodilating activity: a combination of both drugs, however, results in further bronchodilation. PMID- 7040099 TI - Noninvasive detection of sublobar bronchial obstructions. An experimental study. AB - The objective of this study was to develop a noninvasive radiographic method for detection of sublobar bronchial obstructions. The study was primarily done in dogs, where the obstruction was made experimentally. Inspiratory and expiratory films did not show any obvious density difference between lung parenchyma distal to the obstruction and the surrounding lung. A short application of positive end expiratory pressure immediately followed by a forced expiration, created localized air trapping with relative radiolucency of the lung tissue distal to the obstruction. This method, easily applicable to human studies, may prove useful in early diagnosis of lung cancer with intraluminal obstruction and in detecting non-radiopaque airway foreign bodies. As an example of human application a case of lung cancer in a 57-year-old man is presented. PMID- 7040100 TI - Tuberculosis treated with rifampicin, ethambutol and isoniazid: Danish tuberculosis trial 1972-1974. AB - A total of 577 Danish patients with tuberculosis were observed for a period of 5 years. A primary phase of treatment with 300 mg Isoniazid (INH), 450 mg Rifampicin (RMP) and 1200 mg Ethambutol (EMB) daily for 3 months was followed by administration of either INH+RMP or INH+EMB for 12 or 18 months after conversion. During the initial period the number of bacteria decreased rapidly, even in patients with the most severe tuberculosis, and all patients became culture negative. There was no significant difference in efficacy of RMP and EMB in the secondary phase. One of the 577 patients again became positive during the follow up period, but there were no bona fide cases of relapse among patients who completed the treatment. PMID- 7040102 TI - [Amidine derivatives of 9H-fluorene]. PMID- 7040101 TI - [Methergoline in the prevention and interruption of puerperal lactation: a multicenter clinico-biological study]. PMID- 7040103 TI - Anaerobic metabolism of red skeletal muscle of goldfish. Carassius auratus (L.):mitochondrial produced acetaldehyde as anaerobic electron acceptor. PMID- 7040104 TI - Exopeptidase digestion in combination with field desorption mass spectrometry for amino acid sequence determination. PMID- 7040105 TI - Characterization of minor fragments after digestion of Escherichia coli murein with endo-N,O-diacetylmuramidase from Chalaropsis, and determination of glycan chain length. PMID- 7040106 TI - Glutathione derivatives as inhibitors of glutaredoxin and ribonucleotide reductase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7040107 TI - Structural studies on the chromophore attachment site of rhodopsin following bleaching. PMID- 7040108 TI - Enkephalinase A activity in different regions of brain and spinal cord of normal and chronic arthritic rats. PMID- 7040109 TI - Calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in rat pancreas islets of langerhans. Its possible role in glucose-induced insulin release. PMID- 7040110 TI - An endogenous inhibitor of cysteine and serine proteinases from spleen. PMID- 7040111 TI - The mechanism of sodium efflux in yeast. PMID- 7040112 TI - Purification involving polymin P fractionation of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III which shows a high sedimentation constant. PMID- 7040113 TI - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance study of the ribosomal protein L7/L12 in situ. PMID- 7040114 TI - Proton NMR spectroscopy of the active site histidine of alpha-lytic proteinase. Effects of adjacent 13C and 15N labels. PMID- 7040115 TI - Small-angle x-ray study of aggregates of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7040116 TI - The menopause: benefits and risks of estrogen-progestogen replacement therapy. PMID- 7040117 TI - A multicenter clinical investigation employing ethinyl estradiol combined with dl norgestrel as postcoital contraceptive agent. AB - Six hundred ninety-two women were enrolled in a multicenter clinical trial to evaluate a combination of ethinyl estradiol and dl-norgestrel as a postcoital contraceptive. When compared with various formulas predicting the probability of pregnancy in this group, the number of pregnancies observed appears to be reduced by approximately 84%. The combination of 200 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg of dl-norgestrel seems to be effective as a postcoital contraceptive with several advantages over estrogens alone. PMID- 7040118 TI - Effect of 6-mercaptopurine-rabbit-anti-mouse lymphocyte globulin on the survival of skin allografts in mice. PMID- 7040119 TI - Polyvalent proteinase inhibitors from potatoes. Isolation and characterization of acrosin inhibitors from Solanum tuberosum. AB - Two trypsin inhibitor types, PII and PI II, were isolated by affinity chromatography of a potato extract on a column of trypsin immobilized on Sepharose 4B. Fraction PI I afforded after ion exchange chromatography on SE Sephadex two isoinhibitors, PI IA (Mr approximately 18 000; pI approximately 6.3) and PI IB (Mr approximately 19 500; pI approximately 7.2). The chromatography of fraction PI II on SE-Sephadex yielded three inhibitors of approximately equal molecular weight (Mr approximately 13 500), PI IIC (pI approximately 6.3), PI IID (pI approximately 7.7), and PI IIE (pI approximately 9.1). All the inhibitors isolated show a high activity toward trypsin, acrosin, and chymotrypsin. Unlike the two isoinhibitors of PI I, which practically do not inhibit kallikrein, inhibitors PI II show an effect on this enzyme. Neither the isoinhibitors of PI I nor inhibitors PI II are active toward cathepsin D. PMID- 7040120 TI - Psychopathological effects of restoring health in patients with chronic disease. PMID- 7040121 TI - Psychology in practice: a jungian perspective. PMID- 7040122 TI - The medical malpractice dilemma. PMID- 7040123 TI - Dentists, lawyers, and values: suggestions for professional rapprochement. PMID- 7040124 TI - The ethical framework of medical/dental malpractice litigation. PMID- 7040125 TI - What is the law? PMID- 7040126 TI - Torts: an overview. PMID- 7040127 TI - Contracts and dentistry. PMID- 7040128 TI - Development of the concept of informed consent. PMID- 7040130 TI - A survey of alternatives to medical/dental malpractice litigation. PMID- 7040129 TI - The contingent fee: disciplinary rule, ethical consideration, or free competition? AB - The contingent fee deserves a place in American legal practice because it provides an efficient means of financing legal services. Moreover, its general acceptance by the American legal community probably assures its continued use. Nevertheless, its use creates the possibility of abuse by the legal profession. To guard against possible abuse a lawyer should: (1) Fully and specifically disclose to the client all relevant considerations, including the existence of potential conflicts of interests and the composition of the particular fee, before entering into any contingent free contract. (2) Always reduce a contingent fee contract to writing and submit a copy to the client; (3) Adjust the fee to reflect the risks of each case rather than apply the same percentage to all cases; (4) Resolve all conflicts in the client's favor; and, (5) Make necessary adjustments to prevent unexpected windfall profits. In addition, all lawyers should seek new methods to make legal services affordable by all. If followed, these proposed guidelines should help to overcome some of the abuse incident to the use of contingent fees. Preventing that abuse will assure that the contingent fee can continue to be beneficial in many respects to both lawyers and consumers of legal services. PMID- 7040131 TI - Treatment of palmoplantar pustulosis with Tigason. AB - In a double-blind, cross-over trial with Tigason and placebo, the parameters of palmoplantar pustulosis underwent significant changes during the retinoid therapy. A hand-over effect was clearly indicated during the placebo period and several patients experienced long-lasting remissions. PMID- 7040132 TI - Immunofluorescent and ultrastructural analysis of plasma cell degeneration in the chicken Harder's gland. AB - In this study we describe some aspects of plasma cell degeneration in the chicken Harder's gland. The immunofluorescent patterns of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (cIg) localization have been studied in relation to the ultrastructure of maturing and degenerating B cells. It appears that Russell body formation through the accumulation of Ig within the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic (RER) does not represent the only mechanism for the formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles. Mitochondrial swelling and disruption or dilation of Golgi cisternae, often preceding alterations of the RER, may be the origin of some vacuoles. It also appears that, in the Harder's gland, degeneration may occur not only in mature plasma cells but also in maturing B cells at a stage when only clusters of polyribosomes are found in the cytoplasm and no RER is yet developed. These observations are relevant to some immunofluorescence and ultrastructural patterns observed in human B-cell pathology. PMID- 7040133 TI - Cell-mediated immune-type response of the American cockroach. AB - Cell-mediated immunity in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, was measured by counting nuclei in a transect through the mass of host hemocytes reacting against transplanted xenograft or autograft integument. Responses to xenografts (Leucophaea maderae) were significantly higher than control responses to autograft integument. Responses to Leucophaea xenografts increased with longer durations of xenograft exposure to hosts for up to eight days, then decreased by day sixteen. Responses to cockroach species from a phylogenetically graded series of donors were stronger and correlated with increasing phylogenetic distance between various donors and hosts (Periplaneta americana). PMID- 7040134 TI - Negative cooperativity in alkaline phosphatase from E. col: new kinetic evidence from a steady-state study. AB - 1. A study has been carried out on the steady-state kinetics followed by the alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli at different pH, temperatures, ionic strengths, phosphate concentrations and in the presence of the effectors such as Tris, NH4+--NH3 and CH3OH; p-nitrophenyl phosphate was used as substrate. 2. Contrary to what has generally been accepted, in most cases the enzyme follows non-Michaelian kinetics for a wide substrate concentration range, giving concave down Lineweaver-Burk plots. Only at high phosphate concentrations (5 . 10(-3) M) and at high ionic strengths (2.0 M) is a linear Lineweaver-Burk plot obtained (Michaelian kinetics). 3. In order to analyse the kind of kinetics obtained, a non-linear regression fitting method was used to obtain rate vs substrate concentration equations as polynomial quotients of minimum degree with positive coefficients. 4. Most of the data obtained follows 2:2 degree type equations. 5. These results tend to suggest an idea of cooperativity rather than one of independence between the sites of the dimeric enzyme. A model is discussed for cooperativity between the sites with a wide concentration range giving concave down Lineweaver-Burk plots. PMID- 7040135 TI - Effects of growth hormone on fatty acid synthesis in sheep adipose tissue. PMID- 7040136 TI - Insulin binding to the HL-60 human promyelocytic cell line. AB - The HL-60 cell is a human leukemic promyelocyte that can be grown in liquid suspension culture. This cell line binds radiolabeled insulin in a rapid, reversible specific manner indicating that it contains cells surface insulin binding sites. these sites show a pH optimum of 7.8-8.0. Maximal binding was achieved in approx. 60 min at 22 degrees C and was linear with cell number between 5 X 10(6) and 10(8) cells per ml. Displacement of labeled insulin by unlabeled hormone was consistent with a 'two site' model with a high affinity site of 2.71 +/- 0.55 X 10(8) M-1 and 8700 sites per cell. Release of labeled insulin from its binding site was accelerated by unlabeled insulin at temperatures above 22 degrees C, but not at 4 or 15 degrees C. We conclude that the HL-60 cell contains cell surface binding sites for insulin with properties similar to other well-described insulin receptors of other tissues. PMID- 7040137 TI - Mechanisms of oestrogen antagonism by nonsteroidal antioestrogens. PMID- 7040138 TI - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone binding and activation of enriched population of pituitary gonadotrophs. AB - The properties of GnRH receptors were analyzed in isolated rat pituitary cells by binding studies with the labeled GnRH agonist, [125I]iodo-[D-Ser(tBu)6]des-Gly10 GnRH-N-ethylamide. The concentration of GnRH-binding sites in pituitary cells from immature female rats was twice as high as in cells from adult females. Electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed twice as many gonadotrophs in the immature rat pituitary, indicating that gonadotrophs from immature and mature female rats contain the same number of binding sites. An enriched population of gonadotrophs prepared from immature female rat pituitaries by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity contained 77% of the total radioimmunoassayable LH, and 71% of the total GnRH receptors. A second population of small, poorly granulated gonadotrophs was distributed among the cells of other fractions of the gradient, and could be detected only by immunocytochemistry. The smaller, possibly immature, gonadotrophs did not contain a measurable number of GnRH receptors. When incubated with the cells recovered from the gradient, GnRH stimulated LH release only in the mature gonadotroph-enriched fraction, and not in other regions of the gradient. These results indicate that GnRH interacts preferentially with gonadotrophs in the pituitary. The findings also suggest that functional heterogeneity exists among pituitary gonadotrophs, and that GnRH binds to and activates only the mature gonadotrophs which exhibit the highest LH storage capacity. PMID- 7040139 TI - Binding and action of insulin and glucagon in monolayer cultures and fresh suspensions of rat hepatocytes. AB - Insulin and glucagon binding, and the subsequent stimulation of amino-acid transport, were investigated in adult-rat hepatocytes. Cells were used either in suspension shortly after isolation, or as monolayers after 20 h of culture in a serum-free medium. At 37 degrees C, hepatocytes in monolayer cultures bound 2.5 times as much insulin and glucagon as did freshly isolated cells, owing to an increase in the total number of binding sites per cell. For both hormones, these differences could be accounted for mainly by a greater number of low-affinity binding sites in primary cultured hepatocytes compared with freshly isolated cells. Exposure of hepatocytes to insulin or glucagon for 2-3 h at 37 degrees C in a medium free from amino acids increased the capacity (primary cultures) or induced the emergence (fresh suspensions) of a similar high-affinity component (Km approximately mM) of alpha-aminoisobutyric-acid (AIB) transport. Primary cultured hepatocytes were more sensitive to insulin (half-maximal effect occurred with insulin at approximately 0.3 nM) than freshly isolated cells (half-maximal effect approximately 0.7 nM) for the stimulation of AIB transport, whereas the dose-response curves were virtually indistinguishable for the glucagon stimulation of AIB transport in both preparations of cells (half-maximal effect occurred with glucagon at approximately 1.5 nM). These results indicate that, despite differences in the apparent insulin- and glucagon-binding capacities (which involved mainly a low affinity site), both freshly isolated and primary cultured (20-h monolayers) hepatocytes behave similarly in response to insulin and glucagon with regard to the stimulation of amino acid transport. PMID- 7040140 TI - Bibliography of developmental medicine and child neurology. Selected books and articles received in 1981. PMID- 7040141 TI - Prevalence of diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease and hypertension in the families of insulin dependent and insulin independent diabetics. AB - During an epidemiological study concerning the fate of diabetics in Warsaw, 2,356 subjects (aged 35-68 years with duration of diabetes mellitus of 3-11 years) were investigated with particular relevance to the presence of diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and hypertension in their parents and siblings. Diabetics were classified into the following groups: insulin dependent, insulin independent nonobese, insulin independent obese, and a group in whom the distinction between insulin dependence and insulin independence was unclear. The findings in these groups were compared with the frequencies of these diseases in a random sample of general population. There was an excess of diabetes in close relatives of all the diabetic groups. This was highest for insulin independent non-obese diabetics. There was no difference in the prevalence of coronary heart disease and hypertension in close relatives of insulin dependent diabetics when compared with the general population, but these were twice as prevalent in close relatives of the insulin independent non-obese group. Obese insulin independent diabetics reported a similar excess of coronary heart disease and hypertension in siblings, but the excess was less marked in parents. The prevalence of these diseases in families of probands with unclassified diabetes was intermediate between the other two groups. The results demonstrate an aggregation of diabetes mellitus with coronary heart disease and hypertension in families of insulin independent non-obese diabetics. This provides further evidence for heterogeneity in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7040142 TI - A randomised controlled trial of the effect of low fat diet advice on dietary response in insulin independent diabetic women. AB - Type 2 (insulin independent) diabetic women were randomly allocated to receive advice for low fat diets or low carbohydrate diets. By 24 h weighted dietary intakes before and after a mean interval of six months, patients in the low fat group had reduced their fat intake from 41% to 31% of total energy, while carbohydrate percentage of total energy intake increased from 38% to 46%. Percentage energy intake from fat and carbohydrate in the control group remained unchanged. Body weight fell in both groups especially for patients in the low fat group who were obese (weight/height2 greater than or equal to 28 kg/m2). Mean plasma glucose, HbA1, and triglycerides were unchanged. Mean plasma total cholesterol fell significantly in the low fat group compared with the controls (p less than 0.001), but there was no significant difference in the small reduction of high density lipoprotein cholesterol observed in both groups. Thus, adherence to low fat diets occurred without deterioration of diabetes and with benefit for weight and total cholesterol. PMID- 7040143 TI - The effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and conventional insulin regimes on 24-hour variations of blood glucose and intermediary metabolites in the third trimester of diabetic pregnancy. AB - Twenty-four hour metabolic profiles were performed in the third trimester of pregnancy in seven diabetic women; first when optimally controlled using conventional insulin regimes and subsequently when controlled with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Seven non-diabetic women also studied. Mean +/- SD 24 h metabolite levels in the diabetics before and during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and in the controls were respectively: glucose-5.8 +/- 1.2;5.0 +/- 0.9;4.7 +/- 0.8 mmol/l; total ketone bodies -0.2 +/- 0.06; 0.15 +/- 0.05; 0.11 +/- 0.04 mmol/l; lactate - 0.90 +/- 0.33;0.90 +/- 0.24; 1.05 +/- 0.18 mmol/L; alanine - 0.29 +/- 0.06; 0.30 +/- 0.06; 0.31 +/- 0.03 mmol/l. Total ketone body levels were significantly elevated (p less than 0.05) on conventional therapy but not on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion compared with controls. Variations in metabolites over 24 h, as measured by mean standard deviations, were increased for glucose (p less than 0.001) and for total ketone bodies (p less than 0.05) on the conventional regimes we employed compared with controls. On continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion variations of blood glucose were not affected whereas variations in total ketone bodies were no different from controls. The best possible maternal metabolic control is necessary for normal foetal development and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion provides a method of achieving this. PMID- 7040144 TI - Relationship between plasma insulin levels and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy men. AB - Insulin and high density lipoproteins are considered to play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. In order to study whether there was a relationship between endogenous plasma insulin response and high density lipoproteins, an acute intravenous glucose tolerance test (0.5 g glucose/kg body weight) was performed in 94 healthy men, aged 20-49 years. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured in very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins isolated from fasting serum by preparative ultracentrifugation. The subjects were divided into quartiles according to their fasting and post-glucose load plasma insulin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The results obtained in the subjects of the upper quartiles were compared with the results obtained in the subjects of the lower quartiles. The mean glucose disappearance rates were within the normal range and did not differ between the upper and lower quartiles. Subjects with high fasting plasma insulin had lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (1.11 +/- 0.34 mmol/l, p = 0.01) than men with low fasting plasma insulin (1.40 +/- 0.37 mmol/l). Higher mean post-glucose plasma insulin was associated with lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (1.18 +/- 0.32 mmol/l, p less than 0.05) and increased high density lipoprotein triglyceride levels (0.14 +/- 0.07) mmol/l, p less than 0.01) when compared with the men with low post-glucose plasma insulin (1.40 +/- 0.36 mmol/l and 0.09 +/- 0.03 mmol/l respectively). These observations reflect the close relationship between endogenous insulin and lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 7040146 TI - Hyperglycaemia induced by glucose infusion in the unrestrained pregnant rat during the last three days of gestation: metabolic and hormonal changes in the mother and the fetuses. AB - Continuous glucose infusion was used to induced mild hyperglycaemia in unrestrained pregnant rats during the last three days of pregnancy. Control pregnant rats were infused with distilled water. Fetuses were studied after normal or prolonged pregnancy. Fetuses from glucose-infused rats, compared with controls, showed higher plasma glucose levels, increased plasma insulin and lower plasma glucagon concentrations. Pregnancy prolonged until day 23.5 resulted in a rise in the glucagon/insulin ratio from 6.5 to 67 in fetuses from control rats and from 1.3 to 13 in fetuses from glucose-infused rats. Concurrently in fetuses from control rats, liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity increased markedly and liver glycogen stores decreased sharply. In fetuses from glucose infused rats, liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity rose and glycogen content decreased, but to a lesser extent. These results show that both the A and B cells of the rat fetal pancreas are sensitive to chronic glucose stimulation. PMID- 7040145 TI - Growth hormone and metasomatotrophic diabetes: effects on insulin and proinsulin of serum and pancreas in dogs. AB - In normal fasting dog serum, the insulin: proinsulin molar proportion was 71:29%. In response to glucose infusion, the proinsulin proportion decreased. In the pancreas, the proinsulin proportion was lower than in serum. Growth hormone treatment for one day increased serum insulin sevenfold and proinsulin 18-fold. The proinsulin proportion increased to 49%. The growth hormone injections magnified the response to glucose infusion. The rise in serum insulin was 16 times the normal, proinsulin also rose but its proportion decreased. Growth hormone treatment for 6 days decreased pancreatic insulin to 5% and proinsulin to 46% of normal. In the permanent (metasomatotrophic) diabetes produced by the prolonged administration of growth hormone, serum insulin decreased in the proinsulin proportion increased. No rises in serum insulin nor proinsulin occurred following glucose infusion. In the pancreas, insulin and proinsulin were reduced to 1.6% and 8% of normal. The reduction in the immunoreactive insulin in the pancreas was more pronounced in the tail than in the head and body regions. The results indicate that in the state of augmented insulin secretion and hyperinsulinaemia produced by growth hormone and in the reduced insulin secretion and hypoinsulinaemia of metasomatotrophic diabetes, the proportion of proinsulin in serum is increased due to beta cell secretion containing a higher proportion of proinsulin than normal PMID- 7040147 TI - Heterogeneity of intermediate filament expression in vascular smooth muscle: a gradient in desmin positive cells from the rat aortic arch to the level of the arteria iliaca communis. AB - The display of the two distinct intermediate filament proteins, desmin and vimentin, in rat vascular smooth muscle tissue was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy on frozen sections of aorta and other blood vessels. Vascular smooth muscle cells present in these vessels always appeared rich in vimentin. However, staining of sections covering six distinct but contiguous parts of the aorta showed that the number of desmin containing cells was low distal to the truncus brachiocephalicus, but increases until in distal parts of the aorta and in the arteria iliaca communis almost all cells appear positive for desmin. Thus blood vessels show heterogeneity of intermediate filament expression not only in cross section but can also display heterogeneity along their length. Muscular arteries such as the renal artery femoralis, as well as arterioles and veins including the vena jugularis and the vena cava also contain desmin. Thus it may be that low numbers of desmin-positive cells are typical of elastic arteries, while muscular arteries and other blood vessels are characterized by large numbers of desmin positive cells. We discuss whether desmin-positive and desmin-negative vascular smooth muscle cells may perform functions and raise the possibility that desmin expression may coincide with the turn on of a specially regulated contractility program. PMID- 7040148 TI - Formation of cytoskeletal elements during mouse embryogenesis. II. Epithelial differentiation and intermediate-sized filaments in early postimplantation embryos. AB - Following our study on the expression of cytokeratin filaments in preimplantation mouse embryos [30], we have examined the organization of cytoskeletal elements in early postimplantation embryos up to day 8 of gestation, employing electron microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy an two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cytoskeletal proteins labelled by incorporation of 35S-nethionine. The characteristic epithelia formed by the embryonic ectoderm and proximal (visceral) endoderm present well-developed junctional complexes and various differentiated membrane structures. Several apical differentiations of the proximal endodermal cells, such as brush border-like microvilli, the endocytotic labyrinthum, and the supranuclear vacuoles resemble the organization of epithelial cells of the ileum of neonatal mammals. Both embryonic epithelia show typical desmosomes and attached intermediate sized filaments of the cytokeratin type. Other types of intermediate-sized filaments, such as vimentin and desmin filaments, have not been detected in any of the cells of embryos of days 6 and 7, but filaments of the vimentin type can be seen, by immunofluorescence microscopy, late in day 8 in certain cells located in the forming mesoderm. Gel electrophoresis has further revealed that the major cytoskeletal proteins synthesized during days 6-8 in both extraembryonic and embryonic tissue are similar to those characteristic of preimplantation blastocysts and include a major polypeptide corresponding to cytokeratin A described in some internal organs of adult rodents. By the same techniques, synthesis of another cytoskeletal proteins vimentin, has first been found late in day 8. It is concluded that early postimplantation embryonic development, up to mesoderm formation, is characterized by the exclusive presence, in both embryonic ectoderm and proximal endoderm, of differentiated epithelial cells containing desmosome-cytokeratin filament complexes and that other types of intermediate-sized filaments are not yet expressed. PMID- 7040149 TI - Antibodies to high molecular weight polypeptides of desmosomes: specific localization of a class of junctional proteins in cells and tissue. AB - Desmosome-enriched fractions were isolated from bovine muzzle epidermis either as desmosome-tonofilament complexes using a procedure involving treatment at pH9 or in the form of desmosomal residue fractions using a modification of the citric acid buffer (pH 2.3) method of Skerrow and Matoltsy [1]. Major polypeptides of high molecular weights (mol. wt.) were separated by gel electrophoresis, individual polypeptide bands were excised, and protein was eluted and used for immunization. Guinea pig antibodies raised against two prominent polypeptides of high mol. wt. (250,000 and 215,000) showed, on nitrocellulose paper blots of desmosome-tonofilament polypeptides separated by gel electrophoresis, extensive cross-reaction between a group or large polypeptides characteristic of desmosome containing fractions, most notably polypeptides of 250 K, 215 K, 200 k, 175 K, and 164 K. These antibodies allowed, when used in immunofluorescence microscopy, the specific localization of desmosomal junctions (i) in sections through epithelia-containing tissue (e.g., epidermis, mucosae of tongue and esophagus, cornea, mammary gland, small intestine, liver, thymus, urothelium of bladder) and myocardium; (ii) on dissociated cells from these tissues; (iii) on various epithelial cells grown in culture; an (iv) in tumor-like proliferations of cultured epithelial cells injected into nude mice. Individual desmosomes could be visualized and resolved at the light microscopic level. No reaction was found in cells devoid of desmosomes and on other classes of intercellular junctions. Electron microscopic localization using immunoperoxidase techniques indicated that these proteins are located in, or close to, the desmosomal plague structure. It is proposed to use such antibodies against desmosomal proteins as markers specific to this so far only morphologically define class of junctions. Use of these markers will (i) improve identification and classification of intercellular junctions; (ii) facilitate determinations of the specific patterns of distributions of desmosomes and desmosomal protein in various cells and tissue; (iii) allow studies of formation and disintegration of desmosomes, and of the biosynthesis and possible recycling of their constituents; and (iv) provide tissue group-specific markers valuable in histology and diagnosis, especially for identification of epithelial and carcinoma cells. PMID- 7040150 TI - An oocyte-specific antigen and its possible role in the organization of the ovarian follicle of the rat. AB - An oocyte-specific antigen was detected by an antiserum produced in isogenic Lewis rats. The antigen was sensitive to trypsin treatment. Dissociation reorganization experiments in vitro, using ovarian cells demonstrated that the antigen is required for the interaction of germ cells and somatic cells. A physiologic role is suggested for this differentiation antigen in follicular morphogenesis and ovarian function. PMID- 7040151 TI - The structure of the anuran amphibian Notochord and a re-evaluation of its presumed role in early embryogenesis. PMID- 7040152 TI - Facts and hypotheses concerning the control of odontoblast differentiation. AB - Numerous studies using amphibians have demonstrated that preodontoblasts emerging from the dental papilla are derived from cranial neural crest cells [4, 12, 46, 64]. However this has not been established for mammals. The history of odonotogenesis begins during the early stages of cranial-facial development when the maxillary and mandibular processes processes develop. Continuous epithelio mesenchymal interactions condition the histogenesis and morphogenesis of the teeth [24-26, 43, 44, 49, 51, 58] as well as the terminal differentiation of odontoblasts and ameloblasts [23, 47, 52, 54, 59, 61, 67]. During recent years a considerable amount of experimental data relating to differentiation of odontoblasts has been published. We summarize these data and attempt to integrate them in deductive hypothesis concerning the control of odontoblast differentiation. PMID- 7040153 TI - [Nicola Pende: physician, researcher, maestro]. PMID- 7040154 TI - [Are platelet function tests valid diagnostic and prognostic indicators of increased coronary risk?]. PMID- 7040155 TI - [Captopril in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Studies of the therapeutic effectiveness and the alleged nephrotoxicity of the drug]. PMID- 7040156 TI - A footnote to modern gastroenterology. PMID- 7040157 TI - The use of chlorpromazine in the treatment of cholera and other severe acute watery diarrheal diseases. AB - Four hundred and ten patients with severe watery diarrhea; including 316 patients with cholera, were studied in a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial to determine if chlorpromazine (1 mg/kg) would be useful in the management of such patients. All patients were at least 7.5% dehydrated on admission into the study; all received intravenous fluids followed by oral rehydration solution and all received tetracycline. In addition, one-half of the patients received chlorpromazine, 1 mg/kg, orally as a single dose 2 h after admission. Effectiveness of the chlorpromazine was determined by comparing oral therapy failure rates, purging rates, vomiting rates, i.v. fluid requirements and hospitalization time in groups of the patients receiving and not receiving the drug. In children with severe cholera, e.g., with shock on admission or with very high purging rates, chlorpromazine lowered the oral therapy failure rate by about 50%. However, children with less severe cholera, adults with cholera, and patients of all ages with noncholera diarrhea could not be demonstrated to benefit significantly from the drug. In these groups of patients, oral therapy failures were rare irrespective of whether or not chlorpromazine had been given. We, therefore, do not recommend chlorpromazine in the routine management of patients with watery diarrhea, however, it may be useful in treatment of children with severe cholera when added to standard treatment of hydration and tetracycline. PMID- 7040158 TI - Double-blind controlled trial of bethanechol and antacid versus placebo and antacid in the treatment of erosive esophagitis. AB - To determine the value of bethanechol in the treatment of erosive esophagitis, a double-blind study was undertaken in which 28 patients were randomized to either bethanechol and antacid, or placebo and antacid. Patients were evaluated clinically, endoscopically, and by esophageal manometry before and after 8 wk of therapy. After treatment both groups showed significant improvement in heartburn and in healing of esophageal lesions. Patients who received bethanechol plus antacids did not show a greater improvement than patients who received placebo plus antacids in any category, nor did patients in the bethanechol-treated group have a greater incidence of complete healing. In addition, pretreatment mean lower esophageal sphincter pressure was normal in approximately 30% of patients with erosive esophagitis and this finding was associated with a greater chance for complete healing of esophageal lesions. These results fail to show that the addition of bethanechol to an intensive antacid regimen is more effective than the antacid regimen alone in the treatment of erosive esophagitis and that patients with esophagitis and normal lower esophageal sphincter pressures respond more favorably to medical treatment. PMID- 7040159 TI - Acute necrosis of the intestinal mucosa. PMID- 7040160 TI - [The efficacy of oral betamimetics using an oxytocin-stimulated puerperal model (author's transl)]. AB - Puerperal uteri were stimulated by oxytocin, the uterine motility was recorded by transcervical catheter techniques, maternal pulse and blood-pressure were recorded continuously or intermittently. Oral tocolytics as Gynipral (Hexoprenaline), Partusisten (Fenoterol), Spiropent (Clenbuterol) and Prepar (Ritodrine) were administered orally in single or double dose. The inhibitory effect of these drugs were recorded, evaluated from the records and calculated statistically concerning their significant differences. It could be demonstrated that only Hexoprenaline in a three time higher dose than used usually and Partusisten in a dose of 10 and 20 mg were able to reduce uterine motility for more than 50%. All other substances definitely had an inhibitory effect on the puerperal uterus, but inhibition was not stronger than 30%. Cardiovascular side effects were discussed. The question, if oral given betamimetics are effective in the treatment of threatening premature labour could not be answered definitively, but there are doubts according this study concerning the dose and the repetition of it for this purpose. PMID- 7040161 TI - [Mitral stenosis and pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Mitral stenosis represents a serious and frequent complication during pregnancy. Deterioration of mitral stenosis may occur as result of circulation's adaptation to pregnancy and endocarditic recidives. The same principles of therapy as practised in the non pregnant state are of importance during pregnancy. Because of the side effects of drug problems develop with the indication of anticoagulation. Reservation is necessary concerning surgical treatment. Especially open heart surgery should be avoided because of high fetal mortality. Interruption of pregnancy is justified in only rare cases. PMID- 7040162 TI - [Increased insulin requirement in pregnant diabetics (author's transl)]. AB - In 25 insulin-dependent female diabetics of the B to D categories according to White, the daily insulin requirement was determined between the 8th and 40th week of pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to keep the mean blood sugar below 100 mg% by means of administration of old insulin. From the 28th week the metabolic balance was additionally modified by means of the insulin content of the amniotic fluid. In all cases spontaneous initiation of delivery was awaited. All women gave birth to healthy babies of normal weight without any sign of diabetogenic foetopathy. The insulin requirement of the whole group rose from an average of 32 units in the 8th week to 66 units in the 36th week of pregnancy and decreased subsequently. The requirement increases at first as represented by a flat curve which acquires a distinctly greater slope between the 28th and 36th weeks. In White B, C, and D diabetics the initial requirement is on the average 23, 35 and 45 units per 24 hours. the maximum requirement being on the average 2.4, 2.0 or 1.7 times the initial figure. The drop in insulin requirement after the 36th week is physiological and does not point to any hazard as far as the foetus is concerned. PMID- 7040163 TI - Mutants of yeast defective in sucrose utilization. AB - Utilization of sucrose as a source of carbon and energy in yeast (Saccharomyces) is controlled by the classical SUC genes, which confer the ability to produce the sucrose-degrading enzyme invertase (Mortimer and Hawthorne 1969). Mutants of S. cerevisiae strain S288C (SUC2+) unable to grow anaerobically on sucrose, but still able to use glucose, were isolated. Two major complementation groups were identified: twenty-four recessive mutations at the SUC2 locus (suc2-); and five recessive mutations defining a new locus, SNF1 (for sucrose nonfermenting), essential for sucrose utilization. Two minor complementation groups, each comprising a single member with a leaky sucrose-nonfermenting phenotype, were also identified. The Suc2 mutations isolated include four suppressible amber mutations and five mutations apparently exhibiting intragenic complementation; complementation analysis and mitotic mapping studies indicated that all of the suc2 mutations are alleles of a single gene. These results suggest that SUC2 encodes a protein, probably a dimer or multimer. No invertase activity was detected in suc2 probably a dimer or multimer. No invertase activity was detected in suc2 mutants,--The SNF1 locus is not tightly linked to SUC2. The snf1 mutations were found to be pleiotropic, preventing sucrose utilization by SUC2+ and SUC7+ strains, and also preventing utilization of galactose, maltose and several nonfermentable carbon sources. Although snf1 mutants thus display a petite phenotype, classic petite mutations do not interfere with utilization of sucrose, galactose or maltose. A common feature of all the carbon utilization systems affected by SNF1 is that all are regulated by glucose repression. The snf1 mutants were found to produce the constitutive nonglycosylated form of invertase, but failed to produce the glucose-repressible, glycosylated, secreted invertase. This failure cannot be attributed to a general defect in production of glycosylated and secreted proteins because synthesis of acid phosphatase, a glycosylated secreted protein not subject to glucose repression, was not affected by snf1 mutations. These findings suggest that the SNF1 locus is involved in the regulation of gene expression by glucose repression. PMID- 7040165 TI - Nucleotide sequences of highly repeated DNAs; compilation and comments. PMID- 7040164 TI - Genetic evidence for a silent SUC gene in yeast. AB - The SUC genes (SUC1-SUC7) of Saccharomyces are a family of genes that are dispersed in the yeast genome. A SUC+ allele at any locus confers the ability to produce the enzyme invertase and, thus, to ferment sucrose. Most yeast strains do not carry SUC+ alleles at all possible SUC loci. We have investigated the naturally occurring negative (suc0) alleles present at SUC loci with the aim of distinguishing between two possible models for the structure of suc0 alleles: (1) suc0 alleles correspond to a simple absence of SUC genetic information; (2) suc0 alleles are "silent" SUC genes that either produce a defective product or are not expressed. To facilitate these studies, sucrose-nonfermenting strains were constructed that are congenic to S. cerevisiae strain S288C (SUC2+), but carry at the SUC2 locus the naturally occurring negative allele, suc2(0), of strain FL100 (Lacroute 1968). These strains were used to study the genetic properties of the suc2(0) allele of FL100 and the suc0 alleles (suc1(0), suc3(0), etc.) of S288C. The suc2(0) allele was shown to revert to an active Suc+ state and to provide functional information at three points in the SUC2 gene in recombination experiments; this suc2(0) gene thus appears to be a "silent" gene. Similar tests for silent SUC genes in S288C (corresponding to loci other than SUC2) failed to reveal any additional silent genes. PMID- 7040166 TI - Rapid detection of allelic recombination at the gall locus in yeast by assay of the recombinant gene product. PMID- 7040167 TI - The orientation of transfer of the plasmid RP4. PMID- 7040168 TI - UTI: special problems in the elderly. PMID- 7040169 TI - Platelets and coronary heart disease: therapy update. PMID- 7040170 TI - [Occupational health and physiology in modern pipe-rolling plants (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7040171 TI - [Long-term disturbances of the respiratory function after pulmonectomy for suppurative lung diseases]. PMID- 7040172 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to gluten within the small intestinal mucosa in coeliac disease. AB - Jejunal biopsies from controls and coeliac patients were maintained in organ culture in the presence of gluten fraction III. The culture media were assayed for evidence of lymphokine activity in a migration inhibition test using normal peripheral blood leucocytes. Significant inhibition of migration was produced by media from untreated coeliac patients compared with controls (P less than 0.005) or treated coeliac patients (P less than 0.001), indicating the production of a leucocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF) by untreated coeliac mucosa in response to gluten fraction III. The degree of inhibition correlated with the preculture interepithelial lymphocyte count in the coeliac biopsies (P less than 0.02). In six coeliac patients studied when on a normal diet and on a gluten-free diet, LIF was produced while on a normal diet, but not while on a gluten-free diet. These results suggest that a local cell-mediated immune reaction to gluten is present in the mucosa of patients with untreated coeliac disease but that this is reversed by treatment with a gluten-free diet. PMID- 7040174 TI - Leucocyte function in Crohn's disease. Studies on mobilisation using a quantitative skin window technique and on the function of circulating polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro. AB - Leucocyte function was evaluated by mobilisation to skin windows with chambers and by the chemotactic, phagocytic, and nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reducing activity of circulating leucocytes in vitro in 20 patients with Crohn's disease, 21 healthy volunteers, and nine patients with sarcoidosis or tuberculosis. Leucocytes had been mobilised in significantly reduced numbers at 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours in Crohn's disease compared with healthy volunteers (P less than 0.01) and patients with sarcoidosis/tuberculosis (P less than 0.01). The leucocyte migration rate showed that mobilisation in Crohn's disease begins after a prolonged lag phase and is reduced compared with healthy volunteers (P less than 0.01) and patients with sarcoidosis/tuberculosis (P less than 0.02). The reduced mobilisation was not correlated with disease activity. In vitro random migration by leucocytes was slightly lower in Crohn's disease (P less than 0.05) than in healthy volunteers, but there was no difference after removal of the autologous plasma. Chemotactic response to casein did not differ between the groups studied. Serum independent and dependent phagocytosis did not differ from control groups. Serum independent phagocytosis was positively and significantly correlated to the disease activity (rho 0.4812, P less than 0.05). Resting leucocyte NBT reduction was increased in Crohn's disease and sarcoidosis/tuberculosis (P less than 0.01), but during phagocytosis a lower NBT reduction was found in Crohn's disease than in healthy volunteers (P less than 0.02). The inflammatory response in Crohn's disease, with reduced leucocyte accumulation, differs from patients with other granulomatous reactions and is independent of the disease activity. Our data suggest that the defect is not cellular. They support the hypothesis that a pathogenic factor in Crohn's disease may be foreign material that is normally eliminated remaining in the tissue and eliciting a chronic inflammatory response. PMID- 7040173 TI - Immunohistochemical evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen, secretory component, and epithelial IgA in ulcerative colitis with dysplasia. AB - Immunofluorescence staining for carcinoembryonic antigen, secretory component, and epithelial IgA was evaluated semiquantitatively in routine formalin-fixed mucosal biopsy samples from five patients with ulcerative colitis who had undergone colectomy because of carcinomas. Selected areas were given fluorescence intensity scores without knowledge of whether dysplasia or reactive hyperplasia was present as judged by another observer from conventional histopathological features in adjacent sections. The two types of lesion did not differ significantly with regard to the expression of the three marker antigens. In a prospective study based on cold ethanol-fixed mucosal biopsy samples, lesions from 11 ulcerative colitis patients with dysplasia were compared blindly with lesions from six patients with reactive hyperplasia and with samples obtained endoscopically from eight normal controls. The range of disease-associated fluorescence intensity scores was wide, but staining for all markers tended to be brighter in reactive hyperplasia than in dysplasia (P less than 0.01). In the controls, the fluorescence intensity score tended to be lower for carcinoembryonic antigen but was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher for secretory component and epithelial IgA than in both types of lesion. Moreover, staining for secretory component and epithelial IgA in the lesions seemed to be inversely related to the grade of dysplasia and the degree of inflammation. No such trend was seen for carcinoembryonic antigen. The wide ranges of individual fluorescence scores precluded the possibility of applying carcinoembryonic antigen, secretory component, and epithelial IgA as immunohistochemical markers to differentiate between dysplasia and reactive hyperplasia in routine diagnostic work. PMID- 7040176 TI - Studies of the immunoglobulin-producing cells of the human intestine: the defunctioned bowel. AB - An indirect immunoperoxidase method was used to visualise immunoglobulin containing cells in the large intestinal mucosa of 10 children who had defunctioning colostomies. Intestine deprived of its usual exposure to intraluminal antigens contained less immunocytes per unit area than intestinal mucosa subjected to normal stimulation by dietary and microbial antigens. These findings substantiate in man the conclusion based on observations made on animals that continued mucosal exposure to antigenic stimulation is necessary for the existence of an adequate population of intestinal immunocytes. PMID- 7040175 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine complicating Crohn's disease. AB - Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine is an uncommon complication of Crohn's disease. We report the clinical and pathological details of three cases diagnosed between 1968 and 1980 with a review of 58 cases from the literature. Of the 61 cases, 41 tumours occurred in the ileum, 18 in the jejunum, one in the duodenum and ileum, and one in the ileum and colon. Eighteen occurred in bypassed intestinal loops. The prognosis was poor: 44 patients (72%) had died with a mean interval of only 7.9 months from the diagnosis of cancer. PMID- 7040177 TI - Liver membrane antibodies in alcoholic liver disease: 1. prevalence and immunoglobulin class. AB - Using an indirect immunofluorescence technique liver membrane antibodies of IgG and IgA class have been demonstrated in a statistically significant proportion of sera from patients with alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis. IgG and IgA class antibodies were found respectively in 23 and 25% of 48 patients with alcoholic hepatitis, in 27 and 33% of 84 with active cirrhosis, and 67 and 58% of 12 with inactive cirrhosis. These results provide evidence of a humoral immune response in alcoholic liver disease which is directed against, as yet undefined, liver-cell membrane antigens. PMID- 7040179 TI - Blood cell membranes and haemostasis. PMID- 7040178 TI - Bedtime cimetidine maintenance treatment: optimum dose and effect on subsequent natural history of duodenal ulcer. AB - Sixty patients, whose duodenal ulcers had healed endoscopically after six weeks of treatment with cimetidine 1 g/day in divided doses, were treated with maintenance cimetidine 800 mg at bedtime for six months. Eighteen relapsed endoscopically (30%). Of the 42 still in remission, 36 then completed a six month double-blind comparison of bedtime cimetidine 400 mg and placebo. Twelve of the 19 (63%) cimetidine-treated patients and 10 of 17 (59%) placebo-treated patients relapsed within six weeks (NS). This high relapse rate on cimetidine contrasts with our earlier trial, in which the six week relapse rate was only two out of 21 (10%) on bedtime cimetidine 800 mg and 16 out of 24 (66%) on placebo (P less than 0.0005). Apart from the difference in the dose of cimetidine, both our trials used the same experimental protocol during the double-blind part of the trial. In the earlier trial, however, there was no period of pretreatment with maintenance cimetidine as in the present trial. The pattern of placebo relapse was similar in both trials. We conclude that bedtime cimetidine maintenance treatment does not alter the long-term natural history of duodenal ulcer once it has been withdrawn; and that either tolerance to cimetidine develops during long-term maintenance treatment, or that bedtime cimetidine maintenance treatment in the conventional dose of 400 mg is not as effective as 800 mg in prevention of endoscopic relapse, although it does reduce symptoms. PMID- 7040180 TI - [Plasma C-peptide levels in juvenile diabetes]. PMID- 7040181 TI - Placental toxicology. AB - A review is presented of the literature concerning the placenta as a target organ for chemical- and drug-induced injuries that can ultimately lead to teratogenesis or reproductive defects. Such defects can result from the effects of xenobiotics on placental transport, blood flow or pathology, from the metabolism by the placenta of xenobiotics to harmful substances, or from the alteration by xenobiotics of placental endocrine function. Although it is clear that drug- or chemical-induced placental toxicity should be considered as a possible mechanism of teratogenicity, it is an area of research that has been comparatively neglected and is in need of extensive investigation. PMID- 7040182 TI - Further investigations of mutagenic cholesterol preparations. AB - The previously demonstrated mutagenicity of naturally air-aged (autoxidized) USP cholesterol in test strains of Salmonella typhimurium has been confirmed. In contrast, autoxidized brassicasterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, ergosterol, lanosterol, sitosterol, and stigmasterol were non-mutagenic in the same assay, and 38 individual cholesterol derivatives, including many cholesterol autoxidation products, were also non-mutagenic. The mutagenic species from mutagenic cholesterol preparations were shown to be neutral steroids that are very much more polar than the cholesterol autoxidation products so far identified. High-performance liquid chromatography resolved mutagenic cholesterol preparations into several mutagenic and non-mutagenic fractions. The chemical nature of the mutagens is suggested as involving oxidation of the sterol B-ring and of the side-chain. PMID- 7040183 TI - Spermatozoa--their persistence after sexual intercourse. PMID- 7040184 TI - [Demonstration of Chlamydia by means of vaginal cytology]. AB - There are mostly metaplastic cells, which are affected by chlamydia, show a dense usually cyanophilic cytoplasm with vacuolization. They are characterized by more or less round granula, sometimes also amorphous inclusion bodies. The vacuoles are multiple and mostly perinuclear, sometimes the nucleus is pushed aside like a signet-ring cell. Also columnar cells of the endocervix may be infected by chlamydia. They are showing more less characteristic signs, mostly a fine vacuolated cytoplasm. A smear of the endocervix, wet fixed, stained by Papanicolaou, allows the suspected diagnosis "chlamydia-infection", if metaplastic or endocervical cells show these characteristic changes. The proof diagnosis however is only possible by cell-culture. PMID- 7040185 TI - [Impairment of the restoration of motor function after delayed nerve suture]. AB - Motor restitution was studied after severance and microsurgical suture of 75 rabbit peroneal nerves by functional, electromyographic and morphological methods. Maximal pre-suture denervation lasted 12 months. Concerning the nerve distal to the suture site, individual variations in the degree of neurotization were more obvious than increasing changes with later nerve suture. But yet motor recovery was worse in this animal group with long lasting pre-suture denervation intervals. It therefore is concluded that changes within the muscle cells and the motor endplates probably are of outstanding importance for the poor motor recovery. Morphological findings in muscle and endplates support the conclusion. Especially after late nerve sutures the arrival of axons within the muscle is by no means necessarily followed by a sufficient recurrence of its function. PMID- 7040186 TI - [Long-term therapy of Meniere's disease. Comparison of the effects of betahistine dihydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide]. AB - During the last few years betahistine-dihydrochloride has been used extensively in the conservative treatment of M. Meniere. The question has arisen as to whether betahistine-dihydrochloride is more effective than diuretics. The effect of betahistine-dihydrochloride was compared to that of hydrochlorothiazide on 32 M. Meniere-patients. The patients were initially kept under observation for 3 months without medication apart from symptomatic anti-vertigo agents. The patients were then assigned to 2 groups each of 16 subjects and received either 3 X 8 mg betahistine-dihydrochloride or 3 X 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide for 6 months under double-blind conditions. Before and during treatment subjective symptoms such as vertigo, attacks of dizziness, tinnitus, sensation of blockage in the ear and general well-being were assessed at 4-weekly intervals. Apart from this the objective symptoms as measured by pure tone audiograms, Frenzel-test and electronystagmography were recorded. At the moment betahistine-dihydrochloride seems to be the drug of choice for Meniere-patients with a fluctuating auditory threshold. During the 6 months treatment period an impressive reduction in the frequency, severity and duration of the attacks of vertigo as well as an improvement in the general condition was found in all patients. In contrast the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide seemed to show a distinct therapeutic effect on vertigo and general well-being principally during the first few months of treatment in patients with a constant auditory threshold. PMID- 7040187 TI - [Conservative treatment of arthrosis. Results of a comparative study with a new antiphlogistic agent, flurbiprofen (Froben) under the conditions of general practice]. PMID- 7040188 TI - [Findings on the causes and mechanisms in the development of undesirable effects of non-steroidal anti-rheumatic agents and their incidence in controlled clinical trials]. PMID- 7040189 TI - Blood concentrations of glucose, insulin and free fatty acids in shortly thyroxine-treated dogs: effects of alpha-blockade and isoproterenol. PMID- 7040190 TI - Glucose-induced paradoxical increase in HGH with potentiated decrease in serum potassium in chronic renal failure. PMID- 7040191 TI - Effect of long term bromocriptine treatment on glucose intolerance in acromegaly. AB - Blood glucose, plasma GH, insulin and glucagon levels during oral glucose tolerance test before and after treatment with bromocriptine (5-20 mg daily for 2 9 months) were investigated in eleven acromegalic patients with glucose intolerance. Nine out of 11 patients showed improvement or normalization in glucose tolerance after bromocriptine therapy. Basal levels of plasma GH were markedly decreased in 7 of 11 patients treated, although the improved glucose tolerance was not always associated with a drop of basal plasma GH levels. In contrast, basal plasma glucagon level showed a distinct fall in all the patients whose glucose tolerance was improved, but unchanged in whom glucose tolerance was not ameliorated. The mean values of plasma GH and glucagon after oral glucose load were significantly lower during bromocriptine therapy than those before the treatment, respectively. Basal levels of plasma insulin and its response to glucose load did not change after bromocriptine treatment. Bromocriptine thus appears to be a good alternative in the treatment of glucose intolerance in acromegalic patients and the improvement of glucose tolerance by bromocriptine may be related to the reduction in plasma glucagon levels. The possibility, however, is not excluded that a decrease by bromocriptine in the total daily GH secretion is a cause of the improved glucose tolerance. PMID- 7040192 TI - Oral contraception in diabetic women. A cross-over study on serum and high density lipoprotein (HDL) lipids and diabetes control during progestogen and combined estrogen/progestogen contraception. AB - Twenty-three young women with insulin-dependent diabetes were randomly allocated to contraceptive treatment with either a progestogen only (Lynestrenol 0.5 mg) (LYN) or a combined oral contraceptive (OC) (ethinyl estradiol 50 micrograms + lynestrenol 2.5 micrograms) (EE + LYN). After six months treatment the medication was withdrawn for at least two months, after which the patients were placed on the other preparation. Diabetes control and serum and high density lipoprotein (HDL) lipids were assessed before and after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment. Low dose LYN administration did not alter the insulin requirement, blood glucose or body weight while the combined EE + LYN treatment increased the insulin requirement (p less than 0.01) without altering blood glucose or body weight. Low dose LYN reduced serum triglycerides (p less than 0.001), serum cholesterol (p less than 0.001) and serum phospholipids (p less than 0.01) without affecting HDL lipids, while EE + LYN gave an inconsistent increase in serum triglycerides (p less than 0.01) but no change in HDL lipids. These findings confirm our earlier results and we conclude that EE + LYN influences diabetes control slightly more (although still not seriously) than the low-dose LYN. It is suggested that insulin-dependent diabetics (in contrast to non-diabetics) are more sensitive to the influence of 19-norprogestogens than to alkylated estrogens, with respect to lipid metabolism. PMID- 7040193 TI - Effects of peptide hormones on urea- and glycogen-synthesis of isolated hepatocytes and the influence of a toxic factor from burnt mouse and human skin. AB - A toxic extent has been isolated and partially purified from burnt human and mouse skin and also from sera of severely burnt patients, which causes disturbances of energy metabolism and decreased synthesis rates for glucose and urea in the perfused rat liver. Enzymatically isolated hepatocytes from rat livers were used to study the toxic effects on hormonal sensitivity, synthetic functions and ultrastructure of the cells. A decreased synthesis of urea and glycogen was found in cells from rats treated 5 days before with "toxin" and in cells, which were directly incubated with the toxic factor. Glucagon increased urea synthesis in normal cells by 33%, and a decrease of 25% was caused by insulin. Cells of rats treated with the nontoxic precursor of the toxic factor from normal skin were similar, while those treated with "toxin" produced less urea and did not react to glucagon or insulin. Glycogen synthesis was reduced in cells directly incubated with the "toxin", however, the hormonal effects were still observed. Surface alterations of "toxin" treated cells and cells of "toxin" treated rats were found by scanning electronmicroscopy. These findings provide evidence of a direct cytotoxic effect of the toxic factor from burnt skin. It is proposed that the "toxin" acts on the cellular membrane with destruction of surface and receptorproteins. PMID- 7040194 TI - Plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in oral sulfonylurea treated diabetes mellitus. AB - In oral sulfonylurea treated diabetics, decreased plasma 25 hydroxycholecalciferol and increased activity of bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline excretion was found when compared with control subjects. In stepwise regression analysis significant relationships were found between bone isoenzyme, urinary hydroxyproline excretion, serum calcium levels and blood glucose levels. The partial correlation and multivariate regression analysis showed that in oral sulfonylurea treated patients, but not in insulin treated patients, the activity of bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly inverse dependent on the 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels in plasma. Oral sulfonylurea agents which are known to induce the hepatic microsomal system seem to be an additional factor to poor control of diabetes, leading to osteopathy. PMID- 7040195 TI - Effects of fully synthetic human insulin in comparison to porcine insulin in normal subjects. AB - Fully synthetic human insulin (CGP 12'831) was compared to porcine insulin in identical and non-identical formula by intravenous insulin tolerance tests in 12 volunteers. The half-lives of the three insulins tested did not differ (t 1/2: 5.5 +/- 0.2 minutes), though acid porcine insulin exhibited lower serum peak values. The hypoglycemic effects of the three insulins were identical. Human insulin produced a significantly smaller decrease in serum potassium (2p less than 0.01). The secretion of serum C-peptide was less inhibited by human insulin (2p less than 0.05). The counter-regulatory hormonal response of cortisol and growth hormone was lower after hypoglycemia induced by human insulin (2p less than 0.05). It is suggested that the hormonal effects of hypoglycemia are modified by insulin and depend in part on the molecular structure of insulin. PMID- 7040196 TI - Serum C peptide and IRI levels after administration of glucagon and glucose in non-insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - A comparative study was carried out on B cell response to alternative intravenous glucagon (1.0 mg) and intravenous glucose (0.33 g per kg body weight) in healthy non-obese persons (c-NOb), healthy obese persons (C-Ob), non-obese non-insulin dependent diabetics (NIDD-NOb) and obese non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDD Ob). Each group comprised ten subjects. C-peptide (CP immunoassay using antiserum M 1230) and IRI in the serum were measured for each test. After glucose load in B cell responses were significantly lower in both the diabetic groups than in the normal groups. After glucagon injection there were no significant differences in IRI and CP levels between NIDD-NOb and C-NOb, however, significantly lower levels of serum CP were noted among NIDD-Ob in comparison to C-Ob with a lack of these differences in IRI levels. This phenomenon is well reflected by the molar IRI/CP ratio expressed as a percentage. In the fasting state IRI accounted in C-Ob for 8.8 +/- 3.5 per cent of CP, while in NIDD-Ob for up to 25. +/- 10.4 percent of CP (P = 0.0004). In the latter group of patients, the IRI/CP ratio after glucagon reached the highest values (over 30 per cent) observed in this study. These data suggest the important role in insulin disposal played by the liver in non-insulin dependent diabetes associated with obesity. Another explanation for these data is that more proinsulin is secreted in this group of patients as compared to other groups. PMID- 7040198 TI - Plasma glucose and insulin response to glucagon and arginine in Aston ob/ob mice: evidence for a selective defect in glucose-mediated insulin release. AB - Fed adult obese hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice fail to produce a positive plasma insulin response to an intraperitoneal (ip) glucose challenge. The present study demonstrates that both fed and fasted ob/ob mice produce a marked positive plasma insulin response to an ip challenge by glucagon or arginine throughout the phases of development and regression of the ob/ob syndrome. These observations provide evidence that failure of the B-cells to respond to glucose in fed adult ob/ob mice cannot be attributed to inadequate amounts of releasable insulin. In addition, the results show that the B-cells of fed adult ob/ob mice do not incur a generalized defect of stimulus-recognition-secretion-coupling. PMID- 7040197 TI - Effects of a high fat diet and electric stress on adenylate cyclase activity and insulin release in isolated islets of Langerhans. AB - The effects of glucagon and epinephrine on adenylate cyclase activity in homogenates of isolated islets and insulin release were studied in rats fed on either a control or a high fat diet for 12 weeks. Rats were divided into non stress group and stress group. Rats in stress groups received electrical shocks (1 hr/day) for the last 3 weeks of the experimental period. Islet adenylate cyclase activity was measured by the conversion of [2-3H]ATP to cyclic [3H]AMP. While the basal activity of adenylate cyclase was increased by stress, it was reduced by the high fat diet. In the presence of a low glucose concentration, the adenylate cyclase activity was higher in non-stress groups rather than in stress groups. However, the adenylate cyclase activity was not altered by an increase in glucose concentration. Characteristically, the adenylate cyclase activity in fat diet-stress group was reduced by 16.7 mM glucose and glucose-stimulated insulin release was low. Stress enhanced glucagon-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, which was reduced by the high fat diet. The effect of glucagon on adenylate cyclase activity was similar to that on insulin release. Epinephrine (10-6M) did not after the adenylate cyclase activity in all four groups. It is concluded that a decrease of glucose-stimulated insulin release produced by the combined actions of a high fat diet and electric stress may involve at least partly the inhibition of adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system activated by glucose itself. PMID- 7040199 TI - On the mechanism of the vasopressin-induced inhibition of renin release. AB - The isoprenaline-induced renin release was used to study both in vivo and in vitro and mechanism of the inhibitory effect of vasopressin on renin secretion. (1) The vasopressin analogue [1-deaminopenicillamine, 2-(0-methyl)-tyrosine] arginine-vasopressin, which antagonizes the vasopressor response to vasopressin but possesses antidiuretic potency, abated the increase in plasma renin concentration following isoprenaline injection in the conscious rat without altering the fall in arterial blood pressure, (2) In a continuous superfusion system of rat kidney cortical slices, vasopressin in concentrations up to 10(-6) M failed to affect the isoprenaline-induced increase in renin secretion, which was evidently beta-adrenoceptor-mediated. In contrast, angiotensin II (10(-6) M) prevented the renin release in response to isoprenaline. These results led us to conclude that the inhibition of renin release caused by vasopressin is not necessarily related to its vasoconstrictor potency. The mechanism, through which vasopressin works, appears to differ from that of angiotensin II and is non functional in renal cortical slices. PMID- 7040200 TI - The relationship between prostacyclin activity and pressure in the portal vein. AB - The effect of portal hypertension (induced by partial ligation) on the ability of the portal vein wall to produce prostacyclin (PGI2) was studied in rats over a period of 6 weeks. PGI2-like activity measured by bioassay was shown to be significantly increased in portal vein segments during established hypertension when compared to control groups. As a collateral circulation developed with consequent fall in portal venous pressure, PGI2-like activity decreased. A positive correlation between PGI2-like activity and portal pressure has been demonstrated. Parallel measurements of this activity by bioassay and radioimmunoassay to 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1 alpha showed a positive correlation (r = 0.88) and suggested that PGI2 is the inhibitory prostaglandin involved. The possible significance of these observations in relation to the hemorrhagic manifestations associated with portal hypertension in man is discussed. PMID- 7040201 TI - Comparison of some CNS effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and progesterone. PMID- 7040202 TI - CBO assesses prospective payment plan. PMID- 7040203 TI - Success in CON process depends on constructive attitudes and actions. PMID- 7040204 TI - Mimicry of pancreatic insulin pattern sought. PMID- 7040205 TI - A fashion in metals. PMID- 7040206 TI - Electronics and the diabetic. PMID- 7040207 TI - [Rational use of serological methods in diagnosis of virus hepatitis A and B (author's transl)]. AB - The serological diagnosis of virus hepatitis A and B depends on the demonstration of the various virus antigens (HA-antigen, HBs-antigen, HBe-antigen) and on their corresponding antibodies (HA-, IgG- and IgM-antibody, HBc-antibody, Hbe-antibody and HBs-antibody). The knowledge of epidemiology of hepatitis and characteristic fluctuation of hepatitis-markers in the course of the disease allows not only statements on the aetiology, prognosis and the phase of hepatitis but also may help to avoid unnecessary expensive investigations and loss of time in diagnosis. PMID- 7040208 TI - [The 19S(IgM)-FTA-ABS test in the serodiagnosis of syphilis. Technique, sources of error and diagnostical information of results (author's transl)]. AB - This study is based on the results of investigations with the 19S(IgM)-FTA-ABS in serum samples of more than 10,000 patients with treated or untreated syphilis. On the basis of the findings several experiences concerning the technique of the test as well as the possibilities of biological or technical errors are reported. Furthermore, the interpretation of test results is discussed. It is shown that in many cases a differentiation between sufficiently treated and those patients is possible who need specific treatment. Finally the indications for preparing the test are mentioned. It is concluded that at the present time the performance of the 19S(IgM)-FTA-ABS test should be restricted to specialized laboratories. PMID- 7040209 TI - [Current aspects of bronchial asthma (author's transl)]. AB - Immunologically mediated diseases of the lung and the bronchial system, in specially allergic bronchial asthma have reached increasing clinical significance. The importance of the immediate allergic reaction for pathogeneses, diagnosis and therapy is pointed out and discussed under the aspect of recent findings. PMID- 7040210 TI - [Selective and controlled mass rubella vaccination - experiences with an economical method (author's transl)]. AB - Immunity to rubella virus was examined in blood samples of 5870 school girls. Only in 22.7% of the girls a vaccination proved necessary. HDC vaccine (strain RA 27/3) was used. By postvaccinal control successful vaccination could be demonstrated in 99.6% of the vaccinated girls. The hemolysis in gel test (HIG) (3557 samples) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (1134 samples) were compared with the hemagglutination inhibition test (HI) as to their reliability and sensitivity in demonstrating rubella virus antibodies. HIG and HI exhibited identical results, whereas with the ELISA diverging results were obtained in 14% of the samples. 30 girls being antibody-positive only in the ELISA were vaccinated. Only 28 of these girls developed rubella specific IgM antibodies after vaccination. This results strongly suggests that at least in these 28 prevaccinal samples the ELISA yielded false positive results. PMID- 7040211 TI - [Five years experience with an influenza subunit vaccine (author's transl)]. AB - After a short review on development, production, and assay of influenza vaccines the authors discuss the special properties of influenza virus subunit vaccine which contains the purified protective antigens of the influenza virus. The results of pre-clinical and clinical studies allow the conclusion that subunit vaccine is better tolerated than and at least as potent as conventional influenza vaccines. It therefore seems to be especially suited for annual re-vaccinations of persons at high risk. PMID- 7040212 TI - A new model for investigations of T-cell functions in mice: differential immunosuppressive effects of two monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 antibodies. AB - Two monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 antibodies were investigated for their activity in eliminating T cells in vitro and in vivo. Both antibodies exert a complement dependent cell cytotoxicity in vitro. Antibody B that belongs to the IgM class shows a 100-fold higher complement-dependent cytotoxic activity than antibody C, which is of IgG2a class. However, administration of antibody C into Balb/c mice results in the elimination of T cells as determined by the failure of different T cell functions. Within 24 hours after administration of antibody C, the reactivity of spleen of lymph-node cells to T-cell mitogens, the antibody response to the T-cell-dependent antigen SRBC and the SRBC-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity are completely abolished. These effects are dose-dependent in a dose range of 0.1-1.0 mg Ig protein per animal and affects only T cells in the peripheral lymphoid organs. The Thy-1.2-bearing cells residing in the thymus are not impaired by the treatment of the animals with this monoclonal antibody and are able to repopulate the peripheral lymphoid organs within 30 to 60 days. Investigations into the mode of action of the removal of peripheral T cells revealed that antibody-C-coated Thy-1.2-bearing cells are rapidly phagocytosed by macrophages, while antibody-B-coated Thy-1.2-bearing cells are not. This might be the reason for the differential in-vivo activities of the two monoclonal antibodies. A model with new qualities for the study of functions and the regeneration of T cells in vivo has been established. PMID- 7040213 TI - A possible role of PMN in a casein-induced enhancement of PFC response to sheep erythrocytes in mice. AB - The effect of inflammation induced by sodium caseinate or aluminum hydroxide on the splenic plaque-forming cells (PFC) response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was studied in mice. Direct and indirect splenic PFC responses were enhanced when suboptimal SRBC doses (3 x 10(6)) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) within 9 hr of i.p. inflammatory stimulation; antigen administration 48 hr or more after such stimulation resulted in a slight suppression of the direct response. The inflammation had no effect on the secondary immune response, nor did intravenous antigen administration enhance the PFC response. Enhancement occurred when early (3 hr), casein-induced peritoneal exudate cells (PEC, consisting mostly of neutrophils) were adoptively transferred at the same time as antigen. Treatment of the 3-hr PEC with anti-Thy-1 and complement did not decrease their PFC enhancing capability. Late (96-hr) PEC, consisting mostly of macrophages, manifested only a slight enhancing effect. We suggest that enhancement of the splenic PFC response in the presence of an ongoing inflammation, may be partially attributable to neutrophil function. PMID- 7040214 TI - Intraepithelial, lamina propria and Peyer's patch lymphocytes of the rat small intestine: isolation and characterization in terms of immunoglobulin markers and receptors for monoclonal antibodies. AB - Methods have been determined for the isolation, purification and subsequent characterization of separate populations of rat intestinal lymphoid cells, namely intraepithelial (IEL), lamina propria (LPL) and Peyer's patch lymphocytes (PPL). Dissociation of the epithelium from the basement membrane with subsequent release of IEL was achieved by citrate buffer incubation followed by vortex agitation. LPL were released from the remaining tissue by scraping, and PPL were similarly obtained. Some preparations of lamina propria were further subjected to collagenase digestion. After filtration and density gradient centrifugation, average yields of 220 x 10(4) IEL, 54 x 10(4) LPL and 220 x 10(4) PPL per gram of gut were obtained. Immunofluorescence characterization demonstrated that cells bearing the MRC OX8 (T-suppressor) marker predominated in IE1 (73%) and were present in lower concentrations in LPL (26%) and PPL (6%). Cells with the W3/25 (T-helper) marker accounted for a small proportion of each of the lymphocyte preparations. IE1 were unusual in containing a population of cells which were negative for the W3/13 marker for T cells, but were MRC OX8 positive. B lymphocytes were present in PPL (55%) and LPL (31%), but were virtually absent in IEL (less than 1%). Few plasma cells were observed. The techniques described will allow functional investigations to be made and lead to a better understanding of mucosal immunity. PMID- 7040215 TI - Diversity of age-dependent changes of antibody formation and of tolerance decrease. AB - Age-dependent changes in immune response and in tolerance occur at different rates in inbred mice of different genetic backgrounds. The change in tolerizability is connected with the change in the balance of the suppressor helper circuit; the change in B-cells, at least in C57BL/6 mice, appears to be also due to a regulatory change. Changes in immune responsiveness and tolerance inducibility appear to vary independently of one another. PMID- 7040217 TI - Rapid diagnosis & specific recognition of gonococcal urethritis in the male by a slide immunoprecipitation test on urethral discharge. PMID- 7040216 TI - Sex hormones enhance immunoglobulin synthesis by human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Using a protein A haemolytic plaque assay to detect immunoglobulin synthesis by human peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured with pokeweed mitogen, we have shown a significant increase in IgG plaque-forming cells in the presence of physiological concentrations of testosterone and oestradiol. Higher concentrations of these steroids inhibit plaque-forming cells. There was no difference in the response to testosterone and oestradiol of lymphocytes derived from male subjects or menstruating or post-menopausal females. PMID- 7040218 TI - Effect of aging & temperature on insulin degradation by liver nuclei. PMID- 7040219 TI - Transfer of R plasmid from Klebsiella pneumoniae RK1 to enterobacteria and Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 7040220 TI - Cellular and humoral immune responses in rats experimentally infected with Plasmodium berghei. PMID- 7040221 TI - Serum cholesterol and total lipids in Plasmodium vivax malaria--a preliminary study. PMID- 7040222 TI - Epidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in East Godavari district (Andhra Pradesh) -incidence of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. PMID- 7040223 TI - Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis-a review. PMID- 7040224 TI - Salt sensitivity of blood pressure in chronic renal failure. Evidence for renal control of body fluid distribution in man. PMID- 7040225 TI - The storage form of human renal renin. AB - We isolated renin granules from cadaver kidneys using discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and investigated the storage form of the renin from these granules. Approximately 23% of the total renin activity in the original homogenate was obtained from the surface phase between 1.6 and 1.7 M sucrose (Fraction 6). Granule renin extracted from the granules in Fraction 6 was separated into active and inactive renin using pepstatin affinity chromatography. Only the active renin had an affinity for pepstatin. The inactive renin, albeit activated by trypsin, was little activated by acidification. The proportion of inactive renin was about 25% of the total granule renin (active renin + inactive renin). Trypsin concentrations over 10 micrograms/ml resulted in a decrease in the renin activity of the trypsin-activated renin, but the enzymatic activity of active renin was decreased by trypsin. With gel filtration, the inactive renin revealed a single peak, and the molecular weight (MW) was 48,000. The active renin had a MW of 44,000. The inactive renin could be activated by trypsin without an apparent change in molecular weight. PMID- 7040226 TI - Effect of inhibition of angiotensin II with captopril on renal overflow of norepinephrine. PMID- 7040228 TI - Renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous system activity in grade school children. PMID- 7040227 TI - Experimental aldosterone hypertension in the dog. AB - Sequential changes in arterial pressure, renal function, body fluid, and electrolyte balance, and several hemodynamic variables were examined during chronic intravenous infusion of aldosterone (14 micrograms/kg/day) in eight conscious dogs maintained on 250 mEq/day sodium and 140 mEq/day potassium intake. Arterial pressure gradually increased and stabilized at 132% +/- 3% (p less than 0.05) of the control value on the 16th day of aldosterone infusion, and cardiac output remained within the normal range. Coinciding with the rise in arterial pressure on the first 2 days of infusion was a marked retention of water and sodium and a rise in extracellular fluid volume and blood volume. Blood volume increased from a baseline value of 64.0 +/- 0.3 ml/kg to 70.7 +/- 1.9 ml/kg (p less than 0.05) on Day 4 and extracellular fluid volume increased from 318 +/- 5 ml/kg to 352 +/- 11 ml/kg (p less than 0.05) on Day 3 of infusion. Both blood volume and extracellular fluid volume remained elevated during infusion. Mean circulatory filling pressure increased from the baseline volume of 9.7 +/- 0.4 mm Hg to an average of 11.7 +/- 0.3 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) during the experimental period. The elevation of mean circulatory filling pressure suggested that this increase may be an essential component in the onset and maintenance of hypertension. PMID- 7040229 TI - Reserpine and breast cancer in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program. AB - Recent reports on the efficacy of pharmacological management in reducing mortality associated with mild hypertension have enhanced the importance of increasing our knowledge about drug toxicity. The Hypertension Detection and Follow-Up Program (HDFP) provides a convenient setting in which to examine the association reported between reserpine usage and breast cancer. In the intensively treated and followed group (Stepped Care [SC]), the relative breast cancer experience of those who did take reserpine and those who did not was examined. Of 2529 females in SC, 1036 received reserpine, with an average exposure of 1.97 years during 5 years of follow-up. Through extensive investigation, 21 cases of breast cancer were identified. using a life table regression method of analysis to adjust for actual time of reserpine exposure, race, sex, and medication status at entry, and comparing those who took reserpine with those who did not, the author's calculated a risk ratio of 1.28, with a confidence interval of 0.58 to 2.80. Adjustment for a number of other variables known to have relationships to breast cancer did not appreciably change the results. Thus, with certain precautions, the authors conclude that in this setting there is no indication of the recently postulated association of reserpine and the short-term enhancement of breast tumor growth. PMID- 7040232 TI - Interaction of the sympathetic nervous system with vasopressin and renin in the maintenance of blood pressure. AB - To evaluate the partial contributions and interaction of three vasopressor systems in blood pressure maintenance, nephrectomized rats and rats with intact kidneys were submitted sequentially to catecholamine depletion, elimination of vasopressin's vasoconstrictor action, and (for those with kidneys in situ) angiotensin blockade. Catecholamine depletion decreased blood pressure and stimulated vasopressin levels in all rats, but significantly more so in the anephric ones. Subsequent injection of an antagonist to the vasopressor effect of vasopressin produced a lasting fall of blood pressure in anephric rats, but only transient fall in those with intact kidneys. Infusion of teprotide--an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor--in the latter animals also produced transient blood pressure fall, but if this were followed by injection of the vasopressin antagonist, the pressure remained low for several hours. Blood pressure levels were closely correlated with those of plasma catecholamines throughout these maneuvers. Catecholamine levels were inversely correlated with those of plasma vasopressin, which were far greater in anephric rats through both stimulation and accumulation. Plasma renin activity was increasingly stimulated by falling blood pressure after each maneuver in rats with intact kidneys. Thus, it appears that in the resting state the sympathetic nervous system is more involved in the maintenance of blood pressure, whereas vasopressin and renin are important backup mechanisms. PMID- 7040230 TI - Cardiovascular effects of acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide in essential hypertension. PMID- 7040231 TI - Characterization of antibodies to canine renal renin. Studies of interspecies homology of renin using antibodies as probe. AB - Antibodies raised to pure canine renal renin were used to probe homology of renin from other species. Goat, rabbit, and mouse antibodies exhibited similar properties and were specific for renin as confirmed by immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, and selective inhibition of renin enzymatic activity. Goat antibody also inhibited the enzymatic activities of rat, hog, and bovine renin. Immunologic cross reactivity was further confirmed by direct binding and competition assays. Goat anti-(canine renin) antibody did not inhibit human or mouse renin activity, but readily bound to these enzymes, suggesting the presence of epitopes distant from the enzymatic site. Purified goat Fab retained only 10% to 20% of the anticatalytic activity of antibody, but this activity was largely recovered when donkey anti-goat antibody was added to the Fab-renin mixture. Thus, the major fraction (80% to 90%) of goat antibody exerted its anticatalytic activity by immune complex formation of steric hindrance and is not catalytic site directed, whereas 10% to 20% binds an epitope at or near the catalytic site. PMID- 7040233 TI - Renovascular hypertension in black patients. AB - In a 10-year period, 7200 of 19,000 black hypertensive adults in the University of Cincinnati Medical Center were referred to the Hypertension Service. In selected patients, intravenous urograms (1038) and renal arteriograms (238) were performed; 47 cases of renovascular hypertension (0.65% of the referred group and 0.25% of the entire sample) were identified. Atherosclerosis (32 patients) and fibromuscular dysplasia (11) were the most common causes of renal artery obstruction. Other lesions included traumatic thrombosis (2), Leriche syndrome (1), and postrenal transplant anastomotic thrombosis (1). Twenty-four patients were operated on (6 cured, 14 improved, 4 dead) and 23 treated medically (18 improved, 2 unimproved, 3 dead). Surgical mortality was 0. Follow-up exceeded 5 years in 25 patients. Extrarenal vascular lesions were found in 30 patients and accounted for six of seven deaths. Renal vein renin ratios greater than 1.5:1 (affected to unaffected side) predicted successful surgery in 14 patients, but eight of nine operated patients with ratios less than 1.5:1 also had favorable results. Factors in addition to renin assay were weighed before surgery was recommended. Since renovascular hypertension is rare in adult blacks, intensive investigation for this entity is justified only in patients with distinct suggestive findings. Treatment results in blacks are similar to those in white cohorts. PMID- 7040234 TI - Attenuation of pressor responses to norepinephrine and pitressin and potentiation of pressor response to angiotensin II by captopril in human subjects. AB - The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of captopril on cardiochemodynamic responses in 38 normal volunteers (20- to 35-year-old men) to exogenously administered vasopressor substances. Norepinephrine (NE), 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 micrograms/kg min-1; angiotensin II (AII), 5, 10, and 20 ng/kg min-1; and pitressin (2 mU/kg min-1) were infused for 10 minutes. Each infusion was reported twice, and the responses were reproducible. Captopril (50 mg by mouth) significantly attenuated the pressor responses to NE and pitressin, but the decrease in heart rate in response to NE and pitressin was almost the same before and after captopril treatment, suggesting that captopril potentiates reflex slowing of the heart. Captopril significantly potentiated the pressor response to AII. Attenuation of pressor response and potentiation of reflex slowing of the heart, in response to NE and pitressin, disappeared when a subdepressor dose of AII (1 ng/kg min-1) was infused in addition to captopril. Infusion of a subdepressor dose of bradykinin (BK), 0.1 microgram/kg min-1, had no influence on the pressor response to NE. In the subjects treated with indomethacin (225 mg/54 hrs), captopril still attenuated the pressor response to NE. These results suggest that captopril attenuates the pressor responses to NE and pitressin primarily by depletion of endogenous AII; decreased AII may desensitize the contraction of arterial smooth muscle and may potentiate the compensatory reflex mechanism. PMID- 7040235 TI - Renal prostaglandins and the control of renin release. AB - This study examines the hypothesis that the renal prostaglandins function as essential mediators in stimulus-secretion coupling for one or more of the basic receptor mechanisms in the control of renin release. Changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) were evaluated in response to suprarenal aortic constriction before and after indomethacin administration in conscious dogs with either a single denervated nonfiltering kidney or with intact filtering kidneys. Suprarenal aortic constriction was adjusted to reduce renal perfusion pressure below the autoregulatory range in both groups of dogs. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase with indomethacin significantly decreased urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) excretion, but indomethacin failed to block or attenuate the increase in PRA in response to a decrease in renal perfusion pressure in either group of dogs. These results fail to support the hypothesis that the renal prostaglandins function as essential mediators of the intrarenal receptor mechanisms for renin release which are activated by a decrease in renal perfusion pressure below the autoregulatory range. PMID- 7040236 TI - Low renin in young mothers and their children following hypertension in pregnancy. AB - Young women who became pregnant as adolescents and developed hypertension during their first pregnancies had higher blood pressures than women who had remained normotensive throughout pregnancy. These young mothers served as subjects for a study to evaluate the relationship between different levels of "normal" blood pressure and renin-aldosterone. Overall, plasma renin activity (PRA), but not plasma aldosterone, was inversely related to systolic blood pressure both before (r = -0.28; p less than 0.003) and after (r = -0.24, p less than 1.01) treadmill exercise. Unrelated to blood pressure, PRA was also lower in blacks and in women using oral contraceptive agents (p less than 0.01). Of women with a history of hypertension in pregnancy, 30% (9 of 30) had low PRA after exercise. Low renin was associated with higher blood pressures. At the time of a second exercise test 3 years later, these women still showed elevated arterial pressure and low renin. PRA was also suppressed in the children of mothers with low renin, and there were significant correlations between maternal and child PRA (r = +0.55; p less than 0.003) and between maternal and child aldosterone (r = +0.60; p less than 0.001). In conclusion, low renin may be an appropriate response to higher arterial pressures, and within families may be a marker of "pre-hypertension." PMID- 7040237 TI - Altered neural control of cardiovascular function in sodium-depleted dogs. AB - Sodium restriction affects sympathetic control mechanisms by blunting of the reflex pressor response to carotid sinus hypotension, which is reversible by section of vagal afferents. To obtain more direct evidence, sympathetic nerve activity was recorded from a renal nerve (RNA) in 16 normal (NS) and 13 sodium depleted (SD) dogs anesthetized with morphine-pentobarbital. Integrated RNA was measured during changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) produced by i.v. infusion of sodium nitroprusside (100 micrograms/kg/min) or phenylephrine (20 micrograms/kg/min). The classical inverse relationship between MAP and integrated RNA was found before and after bilateral vagotomy (VAGT) in both NS and SD dogs. However, RNA in SD dogs, expressed as % of maximal neural firing, was significantly less at any blood pressure level when compared to NS dogs. In addition, the critical pressure (point at which RNA ceased) was reduced in SD vs NS dogs (p less than 0.002). The decreased sympathetic neural firing in SD dogs was abolished after bilateral VAGT, confirming the pronounced buffering effects of vagal afferents on RNA in salt-depleted dogs. PMID- 7040238 TI - Blood pressure regulation in pheochromocytoma. AB - Two sets of studies were performed in 13 patients with proved adrenal pheochromocytoma to test the hypothesis that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is active and might contribute to the hypertensive state. Similar studies were performed in 15 additional patients considered to have essential hypertension. In the first set, 13 patients with pheochromocytoma were subjected to head-up tilt to assess the activity of the SNS. This maneuver decreased diastolic blood pressure in only two; heart rate increased appropriately in all except one. Changes in plasma norepinephrine (NE) were variable and did not correlate with changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). In the second set, 10 patients with pheochromocytoma were given a single oral dose of clonidine (0.3 mg) to evaluate what role, if any, the SNS might contribute to the hypertensive state. Fifteen patients with essential hypertension were studied similarly for comparison. Clonidine produced significant decreases in BP and HR but left plasma renin activity unchanged in both groups. In essential hypertension, the cardiovascular responses were accompanied by significant reductions in plasma NE. By contrast, plasma NE was unchanged in patients with pheochromocytoma, despite similar reductions in BP and HR. These results suggest that the sympathetic reflexes are intact in pheochromocytoma, and that much of the hypertension associated with these tumors may be related to increased sympathetic activity. PMID- 7040239 TI - The sympathetic system in hypertension. State-of-the-art review. AB - One may postulate a genetic defect in membrane permeability, in the transport of sodium, or in the sodium pump in vascular muscle which could account for increased intracellular sodium and enhanced vascular contractility. If the electrogenic sodium pump is overactive, as in SHR, its inhibition may lead to significant depolarization and greater contraction. Sympathetic innervation may be essential for the development of membrane abnormality as well as for the development of hypertrophic vascular changes, both of which augment contraction and vascular tone. A similar membrane defect at the sensory endings of arterial stretch receptors may account for impaired arterial baroreceptor reflexes seen in very early phases of hypertension or, in some genetic models, before hypertension develops. This defect may be related to the sodium pump or sodium transport in the receptor region and cause a decrease in baroreceptor discharge and in the strain-sensitivity of the baroreceptors, resulting in exaggerated sympathetic drive. Further information is needed on the baroreflex control of various efferents in hypertension. Another membrane defect at the adrenergic nerve terminals may facilitate release of endogenous NE. Excessive salt intake may unmask or exaggerate the membrane defects. In the central nervous system a defect in glutamine, NE, or GABA receptors may contribute to a high central sympathetic drive. Greater receptor affinity to various pressor neuropeptides such as angiotensin and leucine enkephalin or greater release of these peptides may also account for the excessive CNS sympathetic activation or impairment of baroreflexes at a central level. Cardiac receptors may have a variable influence on sympathetic drive in the various stages of hypertension, depending on the degree of cardiac hypertrophy or cardiac size. Finally, increased renal afferent nerve activity may provoke an increase in sympathetic activity and provide a link between natriuretic factors and the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension. PMID- 7040240 TI - H-77: a potent new renin inhibitor. In vitro and in vivo studies. AB - Chemical modification of the backbone at the cleavage site in the (6-13) octapeptide of equine angiotensinogen resulted in greatly increased binding affinity and resistance to cleavage by renin. The D-His6-Tyr13 octapeptide analog containing the reduced bond -CH2-NH-instead of a peptide bond -CO-NH- at the Leu10-Leu11 linkage (H-77) was a powerful in vitro inhibitor of canine renin (IC50 = 24nM). It gave an IC50 of 1 microM against human renin and 0.6 microM against rat renin. In sodium-depleted conscious dogs, infusion of H-77 caused dose-related falls of plasma angiotensin I plasma angiotensin II concentration and mean arterial pressure; the minimum effective dose was 0.1 mg . kg-1 hr-1. Similar infusions of H-77 in chronically catheterized rats have no effect on blood pressure or plasma angiotensin II concentration. Thus, the in vitro effect of H-77 as an inhibitor of renin in dog, human, and rat plasma was paralleled by its action in the whole animal. PMID- 7040241 TI - In vivo and in vitro alterations of active and inactive plasma renins in the rat. AB - The levels of active, inactive, and total renin (trypsin treatment) were measured in rat plasma before and after in vivo stimulation or suppression of active plasma renin. Stimulation of active renin was accompanied by either an increase (low sodium diet), no change (pentobarbital anesthesia plus hemorrhage), or fall (pentobarbital anesthesia) in the plasma levels of inactive renin, while suppression of active renin was accompanied by a fall (high sodium diet) or mild but nonsignificant increases (clonidine or saline infusion) of the inactive enzyme. These results suggest the possible independence of in vivo regulation of active and inactive renin in the rat. Trypsin activation of plasma fractions obtained by isoeletric focusing indicated a minimum of three activable forms of inactive renin (pH 4.4, 4.6, 4.8). Inactive enzymes could not be completely separated from active renins by this technique. Isoelectric focusing indicated a similar lowering of the isoelectric points of the five detectable active renins of rat plasma following in vivo stimulation of the renin system (ether anesthesia plus hemorrhage) or trypsin treatment of normal rat plasma before fractionation. These results indicate that similar renins are activated both in vivo and in vitro. Although trypsin is not the physiological activator of renin, a similar enzymatic cleavage resulting in activation appears to occur in vivo. PMID- 7040242 TI - Biochemical similarity of partially purified inactive renins from human plasma and kidney. AB - Inactive renin was partially purified from 4.5 liters of human plasma (502-fold, specific activity 0.8 X 10(-3) Goldblatt units/mg protein) and from 207 g renal cortex (103-fold, 52 X 10(-3) Goldblatt units/mg). In contrast to active renin, inactive renin from each source bound to Cibacron blue-agarose and was unable to bind to pepstatin-Sepharose. Both plasma and renal inactive renin had weaker affinity for anion-exchange resins than the active form, both bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose and were eluted with carbohydrate, and both bound tightly to hydrophobic gels. Each substance could be isolated in a completely inactive form during small-scale pilot studies, but "spontaneous" activation did occur, to a limited degree, during large-scale purification; this was possibly due to a plasma serine protease that fractionated with inactive renin during the initial purification steps. Both plasma and renal inactive renin were activated irreversibly by trypsin. Following activation, each substance lost it ability to bind to Cibacron blue-agarose. Each could be activated fully by acidification at 4 degrees C, but this activation was reversed during subsequent incubation at higher temperature and pH. There was no evidence of acid protease activity in either preparation. Activated inactive renin from both plasma and kidney were identical to partially-purified active renal renin in terms of pH optimum (pH 5.5 6.0) and reaction kinetics (Km 0.8-1.3 microM) with homologous angiotensinogen, noncompetitive inhibition by pepstatin (ki 2.5-3.5 microM), and an identical inhibition profile by monospecific antirenin antibodies. These results suggest that inactive renin from plasma and kidney may be the same substance and that their activated forms are similar to the endogenously produced active enzyme, consistent with the possibility that inactive renin is a precursor of circulating active renin. PMID- 7040243 TI - Prostaglandin-related renin release from rabbit renal cortical slices. AB - The possibility that 6-keto-prostaglandin E1 (6-keto-PGE1) affects renin release was studied using rabbit renal cortical slices, a preparation that eliminates hemodynamic, neural, and blood-borne factors that might influence renin release. The medium used for incubating the slices was collected for renin assay at the end of each of four successive 20-minute periods. Test agents were added only once, at the beginning of Period 3 (experimental period). Between Periods 3 an 4 (recovery period), the medium was aspirated and the slices rinsed with Krebs solution before replacing the medium. Renin release did not change in vehicle treated slices. Unlike the PGI2-induced changes, the effects of 6-keto-PGE1 on renin release were sustained in Period 4. Indomethacin potentiated renin stimulation induced by 10 microM concentrations of PGI2 and 6-keto-PGE1 in Period 3 and by 6-keto-PGE1 in Period 4. Using platelet antiaggregatory activity as an index of stability, we found that PGI2 was largely inactivated within 10 minutes under the conditions used for incubating the slices (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C), while 6-keto-PGE1 was stable. The results lend further support to the concept that 6 keto PgE1 is capable of releasing renin through a direct action. PMID- 7040244 TI - Arthropathic properties related to the molecular weight of peptidoglycan polysaccharide polymers of streptococcal cell walls. AB - The covalently bound polymers of peptidoglycan and group-specific polysaccharide (PG-APS) were isolated from the cell walls of group A streptococci. Arthritis was induced in rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of an aqueous suspension of PG-APS fragments derived by sonication. The joint lesions induced with this polydisperse suspension followed a bimodal pattern consisting of an acute phase, which reached a peak 5 days after injection and then receded, followed by a chronic, remittent, erosive arthritis lasting several months. The relative severities of the acute and chronic phases could be manipulated by selection of the size of PG-APS fragments. The fragments of PG-APS obtained by sonic treatment were resolved on the basis of size into three major populations by sucrose gradient or differential centrifugation. Based upon light scattering and gel filtration, the average molecular weight of the largest family of fragments was estimated to be about 500 x 10(6), the intermediate fragments were 50 x 10(6) daltons, and the predominant size in the smallest population was 5.3 x 10(6) daltons. The larger fragments induced negligible acute inflammation, but chronic disease became apparent 5 to 9 weeks after injection. The smallest fragments induced the most severe acute inflammation, with relatively little late, chronic joint disease. The particles of intermediate size induced moderate acute inflammation and the most severe chronic, erosive joint lesions. A single injection of fragments of the isolated peptidoglycan moiety of the PG-APS induced only a moderate acute inflammation of joints, with no apparent capacity to maintain the injury and induce chronic disease. PMID- 7040245 TI - High-molecular-weight hemolysin of Clostridium tetani. AB - Clostridium tetani excretes hemolysins of two size classes, a high-molecular weight hemolysin (HMH), which was eluted near void volume of a Sepharose 6B column, and conventional tetanolysin (molecular weight, approximately 50,000). The total hemolysin activity in the culture supernatant increased sharply with growth of bacteria and remained at a high level during autolysis. The content of HMH, however, decreased from 41% at 4 h of culture to 0.4% at the early stage of autolysis. The cell bodies also exhibited hemolytic activity, 70% of which could be solubilized and separated into HMH and the 50,000 Mr tetanolysin as extracellular hemolysins. The activity ratio of HMH to the total solubilized hemolysins was 0.45, on the average, at 6 h of culture but was 0.23 at the middle of logarithmic growth. Partially purified HMH from both sources appeared as broken pieces of cytoplasmic membranes under an electron microscope. The ratio of proteins to phospholipids in HMH was found to 3.26, a value similar to that in cell membrane. The total cell hemolytic activity decreased by 90 or 75% upon addition of chloramphenicol or anti-tetanolysin serum, respectively, into a 6-h old culture of bacteria. It is suggested that HMH is a complex of tetanolysin with a membrane fragment and releases the conventional tetanolysin during bacterial culture. PMID- 7040246 TI - Adherence of Shigella flexneri to guinea pig intestinal cells is mediated by a mucosal adhesion. AB - Guinea pig colonic epithelial cells released by treating sections of the colon with solutions containing EDTA, dithiothreitol, and citrate avidly adhered Shigella flexneri bacteria. Separation of the intestinal cells from nonbound bacteria was achieved by differential sedimentation on a Percoll gradient. Adherence of S. flexneri to the colonic cells was Ca2+ (1 mM) and time dependent. The pH optimum was pH 6.2, and almost no attachment (less than 5%) was observed at low temperature (4 degrees C). The average number of bacteria which bound to colonic cells was 70 bacteria per cell, whereas attachment to cells isolated from the ileum region was 6 bacteria per cell. Colonic cells obtained from the intestine of rabbits or rats did not adhere Shigella. Adherence to guinea pig colonic cells was inhibited (50%) by several carbohydrates, such as 0.1% fucose or 0.5% glucose, as well as by a lipopolysaccharide preparation (10 micrograms /ml) isolated from S. flexneri. Fixation of the bacteria with glutaraldehyde or preincubation of the bacteria with lectins or proteolytic enzymes did not affect their adherence. Proteolytic digestions or fixation of the epithelial cells, as well as pretreatments with lipopolysaccharide or fucose solutions, abolished their ability to adhere bacteria. These results indicate that a carbohydrate binding substance on the surface of guinea pig colonic epithelial cells is responsible for the attachment of the Shigella bacilli. PMID- 7040247 TI - Immunochemical and cytotoxic activities of Shigella dysenteriae 1 (shiga) and shiga-like toxins. AB - Toxins in culture supernatants and bacterial lysates of S. dysenteriae 1 and S. flexneri were quantitated by a cytotoxicity assay and a newly developed radioimmunoassay. Cytotoxin titers paralleled toxin antigen levels. Thus, variations in cytotoxicity among shigellae probably reflect differences in toxin yield rather than specific activity (cytotoxicity per microgram of toxin antigen). PMID- 7040248 TI - Enhanced Plasmodium falciparum merozoite phagocytosis by monocytes from immune individuals. AB - Phagocytosis of merozoites and schizont-infected erythrocytes prepared from continuous cultures by peripheral blood monocytes from patients with falciparum malaria was investigated with an in vitro assay. Monocytes do ingest merozoites of Plasmodium falciparum, but rarely phagocytose parasitized or nonparasitized erythrocytes in the absence of immune serum. The monocytes from hyperimmune subjects were significantly more efficient in the ingestion of merozoites than were those obtained from sensitized or noninfected subjects. These data indicate, first, that the merozoite rather than the parasitized erythrocyte is the specific target for blood phagocytic cells in human falciparum malaria and, second, that the phagocytosis of merozoites by peripheral blood monocytes increases depending on the level of specific immunity. PMID- 7040249 TI - Chronic, patent Plasmodium berghei malaria in splenectomized mice. AB - It was shown that splenectomized mice could develop a certain resistance to Plasmodium berghei but usually no real immunity, since the infection became chronic, often with high parasitemias. A patent infection lasting at least 2 weeks was necessary for the development of this degree of protection. Prolonged suppression to subpatent levels (sulfonamide treatment), rather than radical cure (chloroquine), after 2 weeks of patency yielded a higher proportion of mice resistant to superinfection. An increasing proportion of B10LP, but not C57BL/Rij or BALB/c, mice cleared their chronic infection spontaneously in time. Chronic patent infections were accompanied by anemia, elevated serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase levels, indicating liver pathology, and decreased immune reactivity, but the magnitude to these pathological changes was limited compared with changes in primary, lethal infections in intact controls. Parasitemia and pathology did not always develop synchronously. PMID- 7040251 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in malnourished guinea pigs after Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination. AB - Specific-pathogen-free guinea pigs were vaccinated with viable Mycobacterium bovis BCG and maintained on purified, isocaloric diets containing either 30% or 7.5% casein, or commercial chow. At intervals of 4, 5, 6, and 8 weeks postvaccination, groups of guinea pigs from each diet treatment were skin tested with purified protein derivative and killed. Protein-deficient animals exhibited progressive reductions in total serum proteins and albumin. Significantly greater numbers of viable M. bovis BCG were recovered from the vaccination site and inguinal lymph nodes of protein-deficient guinea pigs at all intervals. In contrast, the development of delayed hypersensitivity was markedly retarded in the 7.5% casein group and was also reduced somewhat in the 30% casein group as compared to chow control. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from protein-deficient animals did not respond normally in vitro to a polyclonal T cell mitogen, phytohemagglutinin. These results demonstrate that protein-calorie malnutrition in this model impairs the development of cell-mediated immunity as evidenced by skin test anergy, lymphocyte hyporesponsiveness, and failure to control levels of viable M. bovis BCG after vaccination. PMID- 7040250 TI - Protection against colibacillosis in neonatal piglets by immunization of dams with procholeragenoid. AB - Protection against colibacillosis in neonatal piglets was obtained by immunization of pregnant dams with procholeragenoid. Procholeragenoid is a stable high-molecular-weight aggregate of cholera toxin formed during the heating of cholera toxin. Procholeragenoid retained approximately 1% of the toxicity of native toxin as determined in the rabbit ileal loop and Y-1 adrenal cell assays and 5% of the activity in the rabbit skin assay. Immunization of pregnant dams with 50 micrograms of procholeragenoid 5 and 2 weeks before the expected delivery date elicited high titers of antitoxic immunoglobulin G and toxin-neutralizing antibody in both the colostrum and serum. In three independent field trials, immunization with procholeragenoid resulted in a substantial decrease in diarrhea (73% in controls versus 11% in immunized) and death (4.7% in controls versus 0.77% in immunized) in neonatal piglets. The protection rate in the immunized population was approximately 85% for both diarrhea and death. In the following gestation period, reimmunization of dams with a single dose of procholeragenoid (50 micrograms) 2 weeks before delivery elicited titers of antitoxic immunoglobulin G and toxin-neutralizing antibody comparable to those obtained during the primary immunization. The death rate in neonatal piglets (0.86%) was comparable to that seen after immunization during the first gestation period (0.77%). These results indicate that substantial protection of neonatal piglets against colibacillosis can be obtained by immunization of dams with procholeragenoid. Protection was found to be based solely on antitoxic immunity. PMID- 7040252 TI - Antibacterial kinetics of ampicillin against Escherichia coli under simulated in vivo conditions. AB - We studied the response of Escherichia coli to ampicillin concentrations which decreased logarithmically at elimination half-life values (t1/2a) ranging from one to four hours. The rate of bacterial killing depended on the initial antibiotic concentration (co), but was not significantly affected by t1/2a. Irrespective of co and t1/2a, the bactericidal effect terminated after about three hours of exposure to the drug. PMID- 7040253 TI - Application of the Salmonella mutagenicity assay and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in workplaces exposed to petroleum pitch and petroleum coke. AB - Workplaces of an Italian carbon electrode factory, exposed to petroleum pitch and petroleum coke, were studied using a coupled chemical and biological approach to evaluate occupational mutagenic/carcinogenic hazards. Analytical procedures for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity tests (with TA98 and TA100 strains) were performed on both industrial ingredients (pitch and coke) and airborne particulate matter of the working environment, after fractionating by sequential Soxhlet extractions with four organic solvents of increasing polarity (benzene, chloroform, methanol and acetone). The results showed: (a) the presence of extraordinarily high PAH (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic) contents in the benzene extracts of petroleum pitch (3.6 wt% of total PAH) and of airborne particulate samples (up to 0.35 wt% of total PAH), in correlation with very high indirect (after metabolic activation) mutagenic responses of benzene extracts with strain TA98; (b) very high indirect mutagenic responses in the other extracts of the airborne particulate samples (especially with strain TA98); (c) the production during the processing at high temperatures of directly acting mutagens (without metabolic activation) which were absent in the starting materials and their release in the air of workplaces. The comparison of chemical analytical and mutagenicity data has proved to be an interesting approach for better defining the relative health hazards due to occupational exposure to potentially mutagenic/carcinogenic petroleum products. PMID- 7040254 TI - In vitro augmentation of human natural killer (NK) cell activity by a streptococcal preparation OK-432 and its extracts, protein M and polysaccharides. AB - Effect of a streptococcal preparation OK-432 and its derivatives on the augmentation of human natural killer cell activity in vitro was examined. The strong augmentation was found by the OK-432 stimulation. Cell separation procedures revealed that cytotoxic activity augmented by the stimulant was considered to be mediated mainly by nonadherent, nonphagocytic, IgG-Fc receptor positive, non-T cells, i.e. NK cells. In addition, supernates cultured with OK 432 augmented NK activity, suggesting some kinds of soluble factors released in the supernates may be participating on the augmentation of human NK activity by OK-432. PMID- 7040255 TI - Contact-dependent expression of actin in chicken lymphocytes in vitro. AB - The presence of actin in chicken bursa, thymus and spleen cells has been confirmed using quantitative neutralization absorptions of anti-actin antibody (AAA) with frozen-thawed preparations of these three cell types. Spleen cells were more effective than thymus or bursa cells in reducing the AAA titre. Cell suspensions of these organs were allowed to settle onto a glass slide, air-dried and stained with AAA. Immunofluorescence was restricted to cell borders at points of contact with other cells. This staining was reversibly inhibited by cytochalasin B but not colchicine. The higher content of actin in spleen cells demonstrated by the absorption experiments was reflected in their more rapid expression of actin during smear formation, and the relative resistance of this to cytochalasin B treatment, compared to thymus and bursa preparations. These findings further support the proposition that actin expression is a function of lymphocyte maturation. PMID- 7040256 TI - Serum Testosterone response to single injection of hCG ovine-LH and LHRH in male rats. AB - A biphasic pattern of testosterone secretion in response to a single injection of 100 IU hCG has been observed in the rat. Serum testosterone increased from basal levels of 8.7 +/- 3.1 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM) to 23.0 +/- 1.4 ng/ml within 2 h of hCG-stimulation and returned to control levels by 2 days. A second, delayed, but significant increase in serum testosterone occurred, reaching a peak of 24.6 +/- 4.0 ng/ml at 3 days and declining to basal values at 5 days. To study this response further, lower doses of hCG were tried. Administration of 10 IU hCG produced a single peak of testosterone, which did not occur until 24 h. Differences in the serum testosterone response were related to the concentration of hCG measured in the serum after injection, as injection of 1 IU, which failed to increase serum hCG levels above detection, was also inadequate to increase serum testosterone. The response after stimulation with 500 micrograms ovine-LH or 0.1-10.0 micrograms LHRH was also evaluated. Injection of 500 micrograms ovine LH produced a significant rise in serum testosterone reaching a peak at 2 h of 25.2 +/- 2.6 ng/ml and subsequently declining over the next 48 h to control levels where it remained for 5 days. Stimulation with doses of 0.1 - 10.0 micrograms LHRH produced rapid and short increase in serum LH concentration which induced peaks of testosterone up to 48.8 +/- 14.1 ng/ml 1 h post injection. No secondary peak of testosterone followed. Failure of ovine-LH and LHRH to produce a second testosterone peak suggests that this response may be due to a re stimulation of the Leydig cell by elevated levels of hCG which persist until the fourth day after injection. PMID- 7040257 TI - Training in medical informatics. The use of computers for diagnostic purposes. AB - Part of a blockcourse on medical informatics is presented; this course is intended for medical students. It is shown how medical students are introduced to the study of the role of computers for diagnostic purposes. The course consists of an oral presentation which introduces the student to the subject, and of practical work on systems in order to more fully comprehend the topics explained in the oral part of the blockcourse. In the oral presentation the student is introduced to various concepts that are used in computer-aided diagnosis. A critical review of the possibilities of computer use for diagnostic purposes is given. A system is presented, with which the student can work interactively. It consists of a database of patients, referred to the hospital because of suspected congenital heart disorder. Bayes' rule and diagnostic tree decision schemes are available to the student to acquaint himself with the subject. The ways he can work with this system are explained. The course is given regularly (every 4 months) to medical students and is well appreciated. PMID- 7040258 TI - Remote search of bibliography for practicing physicians. PMID- 7040259 TI - Farming and mortality from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case-control study. AB - A case-control study of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and its subtypes among males was conducted using computerized mortality listings from the State of Wisconsin for the years 1968-1974. Age, year of death, race, county of usual residence, marital status, and usual occupation were abstracted for the 774 records of male deaths due to NHL and a matched series of deaths due to other causes. The frequency of farming occupation among NHL cases was compared to the frequency among controls, and odds ratios (OR) were calculated. Farming was more common among cases than among controls (OR = 1.22). The association of NHL with farming occupation was greater among decedents under 65 years of age (OR = 1.7) than among those who were older. The younger decedents were at higher risk of reticulum-cell sarcoma (OR = 2.7) than of other cell types. The strength of the association increased over the 9-year study period. County levels of selected agricultural characteristics were used as surrogate measures of farming exposures in residence counties of farmers and were summarized by factor analysis. Major findings were of elevated risk among younger farmers for reticulum-cell sarcoma in counties high in summary measures of general agricultural activity (OR = 3.2), of small grain acreage and acres treated with insecticides (OR = 6.6), and of wheat acreage (OR = 4.4). Given the limitations of the data, further investigation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in farmers is warranted. PMID- 7040260 TI - Prospective evaluation of the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test in breast cancer using a panel of extracts from known and unknown primary tumors. AB - The antigen-induced leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test is an assay of cellular immune reactivity which was expected to offer a promising adjunct to currently available diagnostic and monitoring procedures in cancer patients. We have applied this assay to (1) 83 inpatients clinically suspected of having breast cancer, (2) 50 out-patients before mammography, and (3) 37 healthy women. In order to account for the known heterogenicity of breast cancer, we performed LAI assays with extracts from 15 primary tumors of known and 14 primary tumors of initially unknown histology. Thus, the problem of tumor specificity in the LAI assay was tackled in a double-blind fashion. The results obtained clearly show that breast-tissue-specific rather than tumor-specific responses were detected by LAI testing. The LAI assay failed to discriminate between high-risk patients with and without cancer and between extracts from breast tumors with and without carcinoma. The results are discussed with regard to the many claims for the detection of specific tumor immunity in the literature. PMID- 7040261 TI - The quinidine--digoxin interaction. PMID- 7040262 TI - Training-induced morphological and functional changes in skeletal muscle. AB - In addition to the histochemical ATPase staining techniques, immunohistochemistry and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis lead to a better understanding of the molecular structure of the contractile proteins actin, myosin, tropomyosin, and troponin in the different fiber types of human skeletal muscle. A great plasticity enables muscle fibers to adapt to different genetic and environmental influences not only on the level of cellular ultrastructure and metabolic function, but also on the molecular level of the contractile proteins. Fiber type transformation is possible with cross-innervation and specific electrical stimulation. Prolonged and intense endurance training probably also transforms type II fibers into type I fibers, whereas with spring or strength training changes in the different fiber types are restricted to ultrastructure (e.g., myofibrillar to mitochondrial volume ration) and metabolic function. The fiber type distribution pattern in top athletes seems to be determined by both hereditary and environmental factors. PMID- 7040263 TI - Rifampicin treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. AB - In a small-scale preliminary trial of oral rifampicin treatment was considered successful in six out of eight cutaneous leishmaniasis patients and probably effective in a seventh. The in vitro effect of rifampicin on leishmania organisms concerns inhibition of mitochondrial function or replication. The need for protozoological control in the assessment of treatment is stressed. PMID- 7040264 TI - The search for peripherally acting drugs for the treatment of obesity - a review. AB - Current pharmacological therapy for the obese patient focuses primarily on centrally acting drugs that affect food intake. At the research level, there is an awareness of the possibility of discovering peripherally acting drugs to modify metabolic processes and thereby create favourable changes in energy balance. Whilst a number of compounds have been shown to be effective as slimming agents in experimental animals, none, as yet, have proved effective in man. PMID- 7040265 TI - Influence of genetic background and age on the expression of the obese hyperglycaemic syndrome in Aston ob/ob mice. AB - Expression of the obese hyperglycaemic (bo/ob) syndrome in mice is modified by the background genome. The Aston colony carries the ob gene on a mixed background which produces a unique combination of different features shown by ob/ob mice on other backgrounds. The maximum body weight of Aston ob/ob mice exceeded that of other colonies, possibly reflecting a trait for higher growth rate in the background genome. The hyperphagia, marked hyperinsulinaemia and moderate hyperglycaemia observed during the development of the syndrome receded in old mice. Plasma glucagon concentrations in the fed state were similar to +/+ mice and did nor Vary throughout life. Hyperplasia of the B-cells increased inordinately during the development of the syndrome, but declined in older mice coincident with progressive intercellular vacuolation and the appearance of acinar-like cells within the islets. A-cell hyperplasia was greater in young mice, and A-cells became relocated throughout the islets of older mice. The distinct pattern of age-related changes in ob/ob mice indicates that experiments using this gene type should define clearly their age as well as genetic background. PMID- 7040266 TI - Towards new animal models in obesity research. PMID- 7040267 TI - Is obesity an advantageous adaptation? AB - It is undisputed that modern man is becoming fatter and the extreme expression of increased adiposity 'simple' obesity is becoming more common. Tanner & Whitehouse for example reported that average skinfold thickness in British school children increased by one standard deviation over a 25-year period. What are unclear are the main reasons for this change. In this 'Viewpoint' I will examine--I hope not too contentiously--evidence that this increased level of human adiposity associated with 'Westernisation' reflects an evolutionary adaptation to 'modern' food, particularly the refined carbohydrates, and is not simply a metabolic or behavioural ' disorder' as is commonly assumed. Some 'treatments', including some perhaps based on behavioural assumptions, have been described by Hirsch as equivalent to 'beating the insane to keep them quiet. PMID- 7040268 TI - Facts and fictions about infantile obesity. AB - This review assesses the present state of knowledge on the etiology of infantile obesity. Current controversies such as bottle vs. breast feeding, the importance of differences in early feeding and activity patterns, and the role of early adipose cell development are discussed. There is continuing debate on the relationship of early obesity to later body weight. The major limitation of current research is the lack of adequate consideration of social and environmental factors particularly how eating and activity behaviors develop and are maintained. The emphasis of this paper is on highlighting the opportunities for different learning experiences inherent in different feeding environments during early life. Implications for research particularly the need for longitudinal studies on the establishment of characteristic eating and activity patterns are discussed. PMID- 7040269 TI - Corneal graft reactions in one hundred perforating corneal transplantations. PMID- 7040270 TI - Tumour induction in Rhesus monkeys after total body irradiation with X-rays and fission neutrons. PMID- 7040271 TI - Acute non-stochastic effect of very low dose whole-body exposure, a thymidine equivalent serum factor. AB - Whole-body irradiation of mice causes the dose-dependent appearance of a humoral factor in blood serum which inhibits incorporation of 125-IUdR into tissue culture cells. This factor appears even at doses below 0.01 Gy gamma irradiation and thus is probably not related to cell death. Data are presented relating this humoral factor to thymidine. Since at low doses the target size for this effect was calculated to be the entire cell, a cellular effect is postulated linking the site of few primary absorption events, anywhere in the cell, with the cellular membrane, thus causing changes in membrane charge, structure and/or fluidity. This may lead to blocking thymidine acceptance by the cell, and thus would cause a pile-up of thymidine in the reutilization pathway in peripheral blood and would give rise to the observed effect. The effect appears as a temporary disturbance of the physiological equilibrium and should not be related at present to any cellular damage. The acute low-dose effect described has implications for the measurement of low-dose exposure by biological dosimeters and on basic research on membrane function. PMID- 7040272 TI - gamma-Irradiation-induced mortality: protective effect of protease inhibitors in chickens and mice. AB - Chickens (Gallus domesticus) were protected from the acute gamma-irradiation induced mortality (within 24 hours) by the proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, soy bean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), lima bean inhibitor (LBTI), antipain, alpha-N benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester HCl (BAEE), trasylol, and leupeptin. Several other enzyme inhibitors, p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester HCl (TAME), alpha-tosyl-lysyl chloromethyl ketone HCl (TLCK) and epsilon-amino caproic acid (EACA), did not protect. EACA even increased the mortality caused by gamma-irradiation. The pattern of protective enzyme inhibitors suggests involvement of a kallikrein-like enzyme. SBTI and antipain also protected against low range lethal gamma irradiation exposures, 690 R in BALB/c and 880 R in SJL/J mice. It is suggested that enhanced vascular permeability, which in chickens is known to be the cause of the irradiation mortality during the first 24 hours, may also contribute to the mortality in mice during the first week after irradiation. PMID- 7040273 TI - Dose-rate dependence of lung damage after total body irradiation in mice. AB - Idiopathic pneumonitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with leukaemia undergoing total body irradiation (TBI) and bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The effect of variation in dose relate of TBI on the development of lethal and sublethal lung damage has been investigated in mice by measuring changes in carbon monoxide uptake. CBA mice were irradiated using a 60Co source at 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 Gy min -1 to a total dose of 15.5 Gy. A log-linear relationship between the severity of impairment of carbon monoxide uptake (Vco) and dose rate was found. Ventilatory requirement (ventilation rate/Vco) was raised 20 to 40 weeks after TBI at dose rates above 0.1 Gy min -1. Time of onset and extent of elevation of ventilatory requirement were also dose-rate dependent. The implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed. PMID- 7040274 TI - The use of nicotinic acid and pyridoxine in the treatment of schizophrenia. AB - As part of the Canadian Mental Health Association Collaborative Study, the hypothesis that combined administration of nicotinic acid and pyridoxine has greater therapeutic effects than the component drugs in chronic schizophrenic patients was tested. This could not be substantiated in a 48-week study in which supplementation of neuroleptic treatment with a single vitamin, i.e., nicotinic acid or pyridoxine, produced significant therapeutic changes, while supplementation with both vitamins did not. PMID- 7040275 TI - Wound healing. PMID- 7040276 TI - The molecular organization of basement membranes. PMID- 7040277 TI - Biosynthesis of proteoglycans: an approach to locate it in different membrane systems. PMID- 7040278 TI - [Epidemiology of the most common tumors of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 7040279 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of infections of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 7040280 TI - [Rings and membranes of the esophagus]. PMID- 7040281 TI - [Acute abdomen--caused by disorders of the intestinal blood circulation]. PMID- 7040282 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis in gastroenterology. Indications and results]. PMID- 7040283 TI - [Isolated visceral thrombophlebitis migrans]. PMID- 7040284 TI - [4-year-old deglutition disorders in a 52-year-old patient]. PMID- 7040285 TI - [Interventional radiology. Indications and results]. PMID- 7040286 TI - [Liver diagnosis with image-producing procedures. Indications and results]. PMID- 7040287 TI - [Aspects of the staged use of roentgen diagnostic methods including sonography in diseases of the gallbladder and the bile ducts]. PMID- 7040288 TI - [Value and staged use of roentgen diagnostic methods with special reference to sonography and computerized tomography in morphologic kidney diagnosis]. PMID- 7040289 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of adrenal gland diseases]. PMID- 7040290 TI - The history of medicine and the history of science. PMID- 7040291 TI - The Academie Royale des Sciences, 1699--1793: a statistical portrait. PMID- 7040292 TI - Getting the big picture in perspectivist optics. PMID- 7040293 TI - William Beaumont's reception at home and abroad. PMID- 7040294 TI - The prerequisites of Nazi barbarism. PMID- 7040295 TI - Jaspers, Mann and the Nazis on Nietzsche and Freud. PMID- 7040296 TI - Choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase abnormalities in senile dementia: importance of biochemical measurements in human post-mortem brain specimens. AB - Choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase have been assessed in human aging brains, in demented and agonal states. Choline acetyl transferase decreased during aging in normal brain when measured in the cerebral cortex. Choline acetyltransferase was also reduced in several other brain areas in patients with Alzheimer's disease and in one patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Choline acetyltransferase was also reduced in bronchopneumonia and in some terminal conditions. On the contrary, the activity was not reduced in patients who died after cerebrovascular accidents. Acetylcholine esterase, although it followed the general trend of choline acetyltransferase, did not yield significant results. PMID- 7040297 TI - Oligodendrocytes: the putative target cells of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7040298 TI - Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in the sand rat (Psammomys obesus) with positive or negative energy balance. AB - Sand rats develop a hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic syndrome when in positive energy balance. Sixteen animals fed a standard laboratory chow ad lib were studied for eight months. At five months, some became hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic, others were normoglycemic with or without hyperinsulinemia. As a rule, the hyperglycemic sand rats in the fed state when fasted overnight also had high glucose levels, elevated plasma insulin and reduced glucose tolerance. At eight months, some had not survived, the condition of others deteriorated, and some remained stable, as judged by blood glucose and plasma insulin levels or glucose tolerance. Thus, the pattern of response was highly variable. Sand rats that were maintained in negative energy balance by food deprivation for six days developed hyperglycemia and remained hyperinsulinemic. A hypothesis reconciling the apparent paradox of a similar syndrome appearing under opposite conditions of nutrition is presented in the form of an equation that can account for different patterns of circulating glucose-insulin relationships associated with varying degrees of insulin resistance. PMID- 7040299 TI - Origin, essence and survival of physiology: queen of sciences. PMID- 7040300 TI - Metabolic studies with an isolated, perfused rat brain preparation. AB - An unanesthetized, isolated, perfused rat brain, consisting of the skull and its contents with nearly all other tissues removed, has metabolic and electrical activity similar to that of the brain of the intact rat with its blood-brain barrier intact. Its use yielded results that are difficult or impossible to obtain from in vitro preparations or in vivo. With the perfused brain it was shown that mannose can completely replace glucose as metabolic substrate, that insulin has no direct effect on the brain, that in the absence of added substrate glutamate is metabolized to aspartate, that the brain does not metabolize ethanol, and that morphine probably inhibits mitochondrial oxidative activity. PMID- 7040301 TI - gamma-Aminobutyric acid system in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular function. AB - gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate CNS. Recent experiments have begun to delineate the roles of GABA neurons in control of both central sympathetic and parasympathetic outflows to the heart and vasculature. It is suggested that incoordination in these regions resulting from inadequate function of GABA neurons could lead to cardiac arrhythmias and large fluctuations in blood pressure that would predispose to cardiac and vascular damage. A role for GABA in cerebrovascular function is supported by the observation that specific GABA receptors and GABA-related enzymes are associated with cerebral blood vessels. It is suggested that a non neural, indigenous GABA system in cerebral blood vessels is involved in the control of cerebrovascular tone. GABA probably plays an important role in the complex processes involved in normal regulation of cerebral circulation and its dysfunction. PMID- 7040302 TI - Stimuli to bronchoconstriction: basic mechanisms. PMID- 7040303 TI - 'To mend the heart': ethics & high technology. 2. Heart transplants. PMID- 7040304 TI - Hawaiians and medicine. PMID- 7040305 TI - Medical men who helped to shape Hawaii. PMID- 7040306 TI - Health and medical firsts in Hawaii. PMID- 7040307 TI - Labor under ether: Hilo, 1850. PMID- 7040308 TI - Microwave radiation (2450-MHz) potentiates the lethal effect of endotoxin in mice. AB - Groups of male CBA/J mice were injected with Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and irradiated with 2450 MHz (CW) microwaves. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) of LPS was determined for mice irradiated at 30, 20, 10 and 5 mW/cm2 immediately following injection. The average specific absorption rate was approximately 0.6 W/kg per 1 mW/cm2 incident power. An equal number of animals served as sham-irradiated controls for each power density. The mice were placed individually in small containers and were maintained at 22 degrees C and 50% relative humidity during a 2 hour irradiation period. Following irradiation the mice were returned to their home cages and were observed for 48 hr. A significant decrease in the LPS dose required to kill 50% of the mice was observed at power densities of 20 and 30 mW/cm2. High ambient temperature (37 degrees C) also potentiated the lethal effect of endotoxin. Microwave irradiation prior to LPS injection, however, did not affect the lethal action of LPS. PMID- 7040309 TI - Nuclear medicine in diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the head and neck: II. AB - The advent of both improved imaging systems and new radioactive agents has increased the effectiveness of nuclear medicine in diagnosing and treating diseases of the head and neck. In this second of two articles, we discuss radionuclide bone imaging and the role of nuclear medicine in the management of thyroid disease. Radionuclide bone imaging is useful in the differential diagnosis of sinusitis, the early detection of head and neck fracture, the assessment of temporomandibular joint disease, and the identification of local extension of primary head and neck carcinoma. In the management of thyroid disease, radionuclide technology is uniquely helpful in the diagnostic evaluation of the thyroid nodule and radioactive iodine continues to play a major role in thyroid cancer therapy. PMID- 7040310 TI - Recent advances in facial nerve surgery. PMID- 7040311 TI - [Lesions of the rotator cuff]. PMID- 7040312 TI - [The technic of large intestine anastomoses]. PMID- 7040313 TI - [100 consecutive colon resections using a modified single-layer suture]. PMID- 7040314 TI - [Continent colostomy]. PMID- 7040315 TI - [Low anastomoses in tumors of the rectum]. PMID- 7040316 TI - Extravascular localization of albumin and IgG in normal tonic and phasic muscles of the rat. AB - Interstitial space localizations of albumin and IgG by sensitive immunohistochemical methods have reaffirmed that many large molecular weight proteins exit the vascular system and pass into the interstitial spaces between skeletal muscle fibres. Extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles were found to contain native albumin and IgG and perhaps other serum proteins such as complement C3 or fibrinogen. In addition, IgG content was observed to increase with age but both the locale and apparent concentrations of the other molecules remained unchanged. PMID- 7040317 TI - Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity is restricted to the adrenaline cells in the hamster adrenal medulla. PMID- 7040318 TI - FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of Hydra. AB - FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity has been localized in different parts of the hydra nervous system. Immunoreactivity occurs in nerve perikarya and processes in the ectoderm of the lower peduncle region near the basal disk, in the ectoderm of the hypostome and in the ectoderm of the tentacles. The immunoreactive nerve perikarya in the lower peduncle region form ganglion-like structures. Radioimmunoassays of extracts of hydra gave displacement curves parallel to standard FMRFamide and values of at least 8 pmol/gram wet weight of FMRFamide like immunoreactivity. The immunoreactive material eluted from Sephadex G-50 in several components emerging shortly before or after position of authentic FMRFamide. The presence of FMRFamide-like material in coelenterates shows that this family of peptides is of great antiquity. PMID- 7040319 TI - Is the medical model appropriate for psychoanalysis? PMID- 7040320 TI - Hypnosis in obstetrics: a review of techniques. PMID- 7040321 TI - Obituary. M. Erik Wright, M.D., Ph.D. (1915-1981). PMID- 7040322 TI - High-frequency oscillation compared with standard ventilation in pulmonary injury model. AB - Hemorrhagic pulmonary edema was induced by intra-atrial infusion of 0.04--0.1 ml/kg of oleic acid into six anesthetized dogs. Gas exchange and cardiac outputs were then compared at identical mean airway pressures during randomized ventilation with either a volume-cycled ventilator with positive end-expiratory pressure (conventional positive-pressure ventilation, tidal volume 16--21 ml/kg, frequency 15--20 cycles/min) or a variable volume piston pump operating at 15 Hz (high-frequency oscillation). The fractional inspired oxygen concentration was maintained at 0.5 throughout. During 17 data sets matched for intratracheal mean airway pressures over a range of 7.5--27 cmH2O, measurements of systemic arterial pressure, arterial blood gas tensions, thermodilution cardiac outputs, and pulmonary arterial and capillary wedge pressures were identical (P less than 0.05) during ventilation with conventional positive-pressure ventilation and high frequency oscillation. With both forms of ventilation, arterial oxygen tension progressively improved as mean airway pressure increased. In a shunt model of acute lung injury we were unable to show significant differences in oxygenation or cardiac output when high-frequency oscillation was compared with conventional positive-pressure ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure at equivalent mean airway pressures. PMID- 7040323 TI - Pulmonary pressor response after prostaglandin synthesis inhibition in conscious dogs. AB - Recent studies have shown that vasodilator prostaglandins are continually produced by the isolated rat lung. We postulated that these vasodilators may contribute to maintenance of normal low pulmonary arterial pressure. Pulmonary pressure and cardiac output were measured in conscious dogs prior to and 30 to 60 min following administration of meclofenamate (2 mg/kg iv, followed by infusion at 2 mg . kg-1 . h-1) or the structurally dissimilar inhibitor RO-20-5720 (1 mg/kg iv, followed by infusion at 1 mg . kg-1 . h-1). The animals were also made hypoxic with inhalation of 10% O2 before and after inhibition. Time-control experiments were conducted in which only the saline vehicle was administered. Meclofenamate or RO-20-5720 caused an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and total pulmonary resistance. Cardiac output and systemic pressure were unaffected. The mild hypoxic pulmonary pressor response observed was not affected by meclofenamate. Animals breathing 30% O2 to offset Denver's altitude also demonstrated increased pulmonary pressure and resistance when given meclofenamate. It is concluded that endogenous vasodilator prostaglandins may contribute to normal, low vascular tone in the pulmonary circulation. PMID- 7040324 TI - Antimicrobic resistance and susceptibility in five bacterial pathogens: a comparison of susceptibility tests in 1974 and 1978. PMID- 7040325 TI - Asparenomycins A, B and C, new carbapenem antibiotics. II. Isolation and chemical characterization. AB - New carbapenem antibiotics named asparenomycins A, B and C were isolated from the fermentation broths of Streptomyces tokumonensis sp. nov. and of Streptomyces argenteolus. The fermentative production, isolation and physico-chemical properties of these antibiotics are described. PMID- 7040326 TI - Semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotics. IV. 3',4'-Dideoxyparomomycin and analogues. PMID- 7040327 TI - A note on the effect of nitrite inhibition on the metabolism of Clostridium botulinum. PMID- 7040328 TI - Growth and toxin formation by Clostridium botulinum at low pH values. PMID- 7040329 TI - Mechanisms of drug-resistance transfer in Bacteroides fragilis. PMID- 7040331 TI - Effect of transcendental meditation on mild and moderate hypertension. PMID- 7040330 TI - Comparative clinical trials in treatment of intra-abdominal sepsis. PMID- 7040332 TI - Flurbiprofen--a new anti-prostaglandin anti-inflammatory drug in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7040333 TI - Transcendental meditation, behavioural methods and control of mild hypertension. PMID- 7040334 TI - Myo-inositol transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - myo-Inositol uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was dependent on temperature, time, and substrate concentration. The transport obeyed saturation kinetics with an apparent Km for myo-inositol of 0.1 mM, myo-Inositol analogs, such as scyllo inositol, 2-inosose, mannitol, and 1,2-cyclohexanediol, had no effect on myo inositol uptake, myo-Inositol uptake required metabolic energy. Removal of D glucose resulted in a loss of activity, and azide and cyanide ions were inhibitory. In the presence of D-glucose, myo-inositol was accumulated in the cells against a concentration gradient. A myo-inositol transport mutant was isolated from UV-mutagenized S. cerevisiae cells using the replica-printing technique. The defect in myo-inositol uptake was due to a single nuclear gene mutation. The activities of L-serine and D-glucose transport were not affected by the mutation. Thus it was shown that S. cerevisiae grown under the present culture conditions possessed a single and specific myo-inositol transport system. myo-Inositol transport activity was reduced by the addition of myo-inositol to the culture medium. The activity was reversibly restored by the removal of myo inositol from the medium. This restoration of activity was completely abolished by cycloheximide. PMID- 7040335 TI - Isolation and characterization of a temperature-sensitive lethal mutant of Salmonella typhimurium that is conditionally defective in 3-deoxy-D-manno octulosonate-8-phosphate synthesis. AB - A new mutant of Salmonella typhimurium was isolated which possesses a temperature sensitive defect in the synthesis of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid. The defect in 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid synthesis is due to a temperature-sensitive 3 deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate-8-phosphate synthetase, and the mutant accumulates an incomplete lipid A under nonpermissive conditions. Evidence is presented which indicates that the incomplete lipid A molecule is most likely identical in structure to the lipid A precursor synthesized by previously characterized mutants conditionally defective in 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid synthesis. However, unlike related mutants which undergo growth stasis under nonpermissive conditions, the accumulation of lipid A precursor in the new mutant results in cell death at elevated temperatures. PMID- 7040336 TI - Relationship between cell death and altered lipid A synthesis in a temperature sensitive lethal mutant of Salmonella typhimurium that is conditionally defective in 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate-8-phosphate synthesis. AB - The relationship between the inability to synthesize a complete 3-deoxy-D-manno octulosonate region of lipopolysaccharide and cell death was investigated in a temperature-sensitive lethal mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. The defect in lipopolysaccharide synthesis is due to a mutation in the structural gene for 3 deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate-8-phosphate synthetase (designated kdsA) and results in the synthesis of a temperature-sensitive enzyme. Expression of the kdsA lesion at elevated temperatures, at which the synthesis of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate is complete blocked, is required for expression of the temperature-sensitive lethal phenotype. However, the defect in lipopolysaccharide synthesis is not alone sufficient cause for the observed cell death. Genetic evidence if presented which indicates that the mutant possesses a second mutation, or possibly multiple mutations, whose lethal expression is dependent on the inability of the mutant to synthesize a fully acylated and 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate-substituted lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharide at elevated temperatures. PMID- 7040337 TI - Co-curing of plasmids affecting killer double-stranded RNAs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: [HOK], [NEX], and the abundance of L are related and further evidence that M1 requires L. AB - We describe two sets of plasmid-plasmid interactions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. [HOK], [EXL], [NEX], and [KIL-k1] are genetically defined plasmids, and M1 and L are biochemically defined double-stranded RNA plasmids. We show that (i) [HOK], [NEX], and the abundance of L are related, and (ii) under submaximal curing conditions, all colonies retaining M1 also retain L. There are three pieces of evidence that either [NEX] required [HOK] for replication or [NEX] and [HOK] are on the same plasmid. The evidence is as follows. (i) The great majority of strains containing [HOK] also contain [NEX]. However, two [HOK] [NEX-o] strains do exist. (ii) Growth at 39 degrees C or growth at 34 degrees C with 3% ethanol or 2-propanol cures [HOK] and [NEX]. In a [HOK] [NEX] strain, the two plasmids are always co-cured. (iii) [HOK] and [NEX] are both maintained in mak4, mak6, and mak27 strains (mak = maintenance of [KIL-k1]), but not in mak3, mak10, and pet18 strains. Strains containing [HOK] and [NEX] have about fourfold more L double-stranded RNA than their isochromosomal, cured derivatives. In addition, a cytoductant which has acquired [HOK] and [NEX] has fourfold more L than its parent. These results are consistent with either [HOK] being a form of L or [HOK] increasing the copy number of L. Using a K1 killer strain in which L, as well as M1, could be cured by growth at 38 degrees C, we examined the distribution of loss of M1 and L under conditions giving 98% M-o colonies and at least 50% L-o colonies. No M1L-o colonies were observed, supporting the previous suggestion by others that M1 requires L. PMID- 7040339 TI - Demonstration of hydrogenase in extracts of the homoacetate-fermenting bacterium Clostridium thermoaceticum. AB - Cell-free extracts of the homoacetate-fermenting bacterium Clostridium thermoaceticum were shown to catalyze the hydrogen-dependent reduction of various artificial electron acceptors. The activity of the hydrogenase was optimal at pH 8.5 to 9 and was extremely sensitive to aeration. EDTA did not significantly reduce the liability of the enzymic activity to oxidation (aeration). At 50 degrees C, when both methyl viologen and hydrogen were at saturating concentrations with respect to hydrogenase, the specific activity of cell-free extracts approximated 4 mumol of H2 oxidized per min per mg of protein; fourfold higher specific activities were obtained when benzyl viologen was utilized as an electron acceptor. Activity stains of polyacrylamide gels demonstrated the presence of a single hydrogenase band, suggesting that the catalytic activity in cell extracts was due to a single enzyme. The activity was stable for at least 32 min at 55 degrees C but was slowly inactivated at 70 degrees C. NAD, NADP, flavin adenine dinucleotide, flavin mononucleotide, and ferredoxin were not significantly reduced, but possible reduction of the particulate b-type cytochrome of C. thermoaceticum was observed. NaCl, sodium dodecyl sulfate, iodoacetamide, and CO were shown to inhibit catalysis. A kinetic study is presented, and the possible physiologic roles for hydrogenase in C. thermoaceticum ar discussed. PMID- 7040338 TI - Evidence of a second nitrate reductase activity that is distinct from the respiratory enzyme in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Significant nitrate reductase activity was detected in mutants of Salmonella typhimurium which mapped at or near chlC and which were incapable of growth with nitrate as electron acceptor. The same mutants were sensitive to chlorate and performed sufficient nitrate reduction to permit anaerobic growth with nitrate as the sole nitrogen source in media containing glucose. The mutant nitrate-reducing protein did not migrate with the wild-type nitrate reductase in polyacrylamide electrophoretic gels. Studies of the electrophoretic mobility in gels of different polyacrylamide concentration revealed that the wild-type and mutant nitrate reductases differed significantly in both size and charge. The second enzyme also differed from the wild-type major enzyme in its response to repression by low pH and its lack of response to repression by glucose. The same mutants were found to be derepressed for nitrite reductase and for a cytochrome with a maximal reduced absorbance at 555 nm at 25 degrees C. This cytochrome was not detected in preparations of the wild type grown under the same conditions. Extracts of these mutants contained normal amounts of the b-type cytochromes which, in the wild type, were associated with nitrate reductase and formate dehydrogenase, respectively, although they could not mediate the oxidation of these cytochromes with nitrate. They were capable of oxidizing the derepressed 555-nm peak cytochrome with nitrate. It is suggested that these mutants synthesize a nitrate-reducing enzyme which is distinct from the chlC gene product and which is repressed in the wild type during anaerobic growth with nitrate. PMID- 7040340 TI - Role of the catabolite activator protein in the maltose regulon of Escherichia coli. AB - The maltose regulon consists of three operons controlled by a positive regulatory gene, malT. Deletions of the gene crp were introduced into strains which carried a malT-lacZ hybrid gene. From the observed reduction in beta-galactosidase activity it was concluded that the expression of malT-lacZ, and therefore of malT, is controlled by the catabolite activator protein (CAP), the product of the gene crp. Mutations were obtained which allowed a malT-lacZ hybrid gene to be expressed at a high level even in the absence of CAP. These mutations were shown to be located in or close to the promoter of the malT gene and were called malTp. The malTp mutations were transferred in the cis position to a wild-type malT gene. In the resulting strains, the expression of two of the maltose operons, malEFG and malK-lamB, still required the action of CAP, whereas that of the third operon, malPQ, was CAP independent. Therefore, in wild-type cells, CAP appears to control malPQ expression mainly, if not solely, by regulating the concentration of MalT protein in the cell. On the other hand, it controls the other two operons more stringently, both by regulating malT expression and by a more direct action, probably exerted in the promoters of these operons. PMID- 7040341 TI - Analysis of an avtA::Mu d1(Ap lac) mutant: metabolic role of transaminase C. AB - Escherichia coli can synthesize alpha-ketoisovalerate, the precursor of valine, leucine, and pantothenate, by three routes: anabolically via dihydroxyacid dehydrase and catabolically via both the branched-chain amino acid transaminase (transaminase B) and the alanine-valine transaminase (transaminase C). An E. coli K-12 mutant devoid of transaminase C (avtA) was isolated by mutagenizing an isoleucine-requiring strain devoid of transaminase B (ilvE::Tn5) with Mu d1(Ap lac) and selecting for valine-requiring derivatives which were ampicillin resistant, Lac+, able to crossfeed an ilvD mutant, and unable to grow on alpha ketoisovalerate in place of valine. Strains defective in one, two, or all three alpha-ketoisovalerate metabolic enzymes were constructed, and their properties were analyzed. The data indicated that avtA is the structural gene for transaminase C, that transaminase C is a single enzyme species, and that the sole pathway for pantothenate biosynthesis is from alpha-ketoisovalerate. The data further showed that isoelectric inhibits the transaminase B-catalyzed deamination of valine in vivo. PMID- 7040342 TI - Membrane-associated alkaline phosphatase from Bacillus licheniformis that requires detergent for solubilization: lactoperoxidase 125I localization and molecular weight determination. AB - When membranes of Bacillus licheniformis MC14 were extracted exhaustively with 1 M magnesium, approximately 80% of the membrane-associated alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase [alkaline optimum], E.C. 3.1.3.1) was solubilized. The remaining activity could be extracted with a cationic detergent, hexadecylpyridinium chloride, without loss of enzymatic activity. The detergent extractable alkaline phosphatase was immunoprecipitable with antibody to the salt extractable alkaline phosphatase or the secreted alkaline phosphatase, had an approximate molecular weight of 60,000, and was localized 100% on the outer surface of the cytoplasmic membrane. PMID- 7040343 TI - Possible mechanism for flocculation interactions governed by gene FLO1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A model is proposed for the mechanism of flocculation interactions in yeasts in which flocculent cells have a recognition factor which attaches to alpha-mannan sites on other cells. This factor may be governed by the expression of the single, dominant gene FLO1. Isogenic strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, differing only at FLO1 and the marker genes ade1 and trp1, were developed to examine the components involved in flocculene. Electron microscopy and concanavalin Aferritin labeling of aggregated cells showed that extensive and intense interactions between cell wall mannan layers mediated cell aggregation. The components of the mannan layer essential for flocculence were Ca2+ ions, alpha-mannan carbohydrates, and proteins. By studying the divalent cation dependence at various pH values and in the presence of competing monovalent cations, flocculation was found to be Ca2+ dependent; however, Mg2+ and Mn2+ ions substituted for Ca2+ under certain conditions. Reversible inhibition of flocculation by concanavalin A and succinylated concanavalin A implicated alpha branched mannan carbohydrates as one essential component which alone did not determine the strain specificity of flocculence, since nonflocculent strains interacted with and competed for binding sites on flocculent cells. FLO1 may govern the expression of a proteinaceous, lectin-like activity, firmly associated with the cell walls of flocculent cells, which bind to the alpha-mannan carbohydrates of adjoining cells. It was selectively and irreversibly inhibited by proteolysis and reduction of disulfide bonds. The potential of this system as a model for the genetic and biochemical control of cell-cell interactions is discussed. PMID- 7040344 TI - Repression and induction of flocculation interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The biological control of flocculation interactions by factors related to growth under different conditions of aeration was documented with a new assay for flocculence. The degree of flocculence expressed in a genetically defined Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain (FLO1/FLO1 ade1/ade1) remained constant during aerobic growth but varied with aeration. Flocculence was repressed in anaerobically growing cells but was induced in stationary cells or cells returned to aerobic growth. Repression was correlated with the selective inactivation of cell surface lectin-like components. The changes in flocculence were accompanied by changes in 16 extractable proteins separated by electrophoresis; however, a clear correlation between specific protein bands and flocculence could not be established. The study clearly demonstrated that the phenotypic expression of FLO1 could be reproducibly manipulated for experimental purposes by aeration alone. PMID- 7040345 TI - Roles of cell surface components of Escherichia coli K-12 in bacteriophage T4 infection: interaction of tail core with phospholipids. AB - The cell surface of Escherichia coli K-12, reconstituted from the OmpC protein, lipopolysaccharide, and the peptidoglycan layer, was active as a receptor for phage T4, resulting in the contraction of the tail sheath and the penetration of the core through the cell surface (Furukawa et al., J. Bacteriol. 140:1071--1080, 1979). In the present work the process of DNA ejection from the contracted T4 phage particle was studied. Contracted phage particles were adsorbed to phospholipid liposomes by the core tip. This adsorption resulted in ejection of phage DNA. Either phosphatidylglycerol or cardiolipin was active for the DNA ejection. A proton motive force across the liposome membrane was not required for these processes. The process of DNA ejection, however, was temperature dependent, whereas the adsorption of the core tip to liposomes took place at 4 degrees C. Based on these observations together with those in the previous paper, the process of T4 infection of E. coli K-12 cells is discussed with special reference to the roles of cell surface components. PMID- 7040346 TI - Thiamine transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae protoplasts. AB - Thiamine was found to be accumulated in protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the same manner as in intact cells, suggesting that a soluble thiamine-binding protein in periplasm may not be an essential component of the thiamine transport system of S. cerevisiae. It was also found that thiamine pyrophosphate cannot be taken up by yeast protoplasts. PMID- 7040347 TI - Oxygen-induced genetic changes in dry yeast cells. AB - Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were dried in vacuum, exposed to oxygen, nitrogen, air, and water vapor, and rehydrated with degassed medium without exposure to air. Drying per se caused few genetic changes, but the exposure of dry cells to oxygen increased the frequency of adenine-requiring colonies. PMID- 7040348 TI - Evidence that alpha-isopropylmalate synthase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is under the "general" control of amino acid biosynthesis. AB - The specific activity and the immunoreactive amount of alpha-isopropylmalate synthase were more than three times above wild-type values in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant (cdr1) with constitutively derepressed levels of enzymes known to be under the "general" control of amino acid biosynthesis. The specific activity was also higher in lysine- and arginine-leaky strains when these were grown under limiting conditions, and in wild-type cells grown in the presence of 5-methyltryptophan. A low specific activity was found in a mutant (ndr1) unable to derepress enzymes of the general control system. Neither isopropylmalate isomerase nor beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase responded to general control signals. PMID- 7040349 TI - Genetic mapping of ada and adc mutations affecting the adaptive response of Escherichia coli to alkylating agents. AB - The adaptive response to alkylating agents is an inducible repair system which protects Escherichia coli against the mutagenicity and toxicity of these agents. Four mutations, ada-3, ada-5, ada-6, and adc-1, which confer differing phenotypes as regards this response, were shown to be cotransducible with gyrA, and were located at 47 min on the E. coli genetic map. A mutation already shown on the map at 47 min as tag (B. J. Bachmann and K. B. Low, Microbiol. Rev. 44:1--56, 1980; Karran et al., J. Mol. Biol. 140:101--127, 1980) is now known to be an ada mutation (G. Evensen and E. Seeberg, personal communication). PMID- 7040350 TI - [The posttraumatic cervical syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040351 TI - Response of borderline patients to loxapine and chlorpromazine. PMID- 7040352 TI - Comparison of some characteristics of membrane-bound neutral proteinase activity in the microsomal fractions of rat kidney and small intestine. AB - Some characteristics of the membrane-bound neutral proteinase activity in the microsomal fractions of rat kidney and small intestine were compared, using heat denatured casein as a substrate. The proteinases of both kidney and small intestine showed maximal activity between pH 8.0 and 8.5, and were strongly inhibited by EDTA, o-phenanthroline, p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate, dithiothreitol, and chymostatin. Phosphoramidon and other reagents tested, including deoxycholate and bestatin, which strongly inhibited the contaminating aminopeptidase activity, were without marked effect on the neutral proteinase activity. Among urea-denatured proteins tested as substrates, casein, histone, and hemoglobin were hydrolyzed rapidly by both proteinase preparations. Fibrinogen was a good substrate for the kidney enzyme whereas it was not hydrolyzed well by the small intestine proteinase. On the other hand, serum albumin was hydrolyzed well by the small intestine proteinase, but not by the kidney proteinase. These results indicate that the neutral proteinase activity of the microsomal membrane fractions is largely due to metalloproteinases, which are quite similar, but not identical, in the kidney and small intestine. PMID- 7040353 TI - Chemical structure and thermal properties of initiator tRNA from Euphausia sperba in comparison with those of other eucaryotic initiator tRNAs. AB - The nucleotide sequence of initiator tRNA (tRNAiMet) from Euphausia sperba, which was harvested in the Antarctic Sea, was determined to be pA-G-C-A-G-A-G-U-m1G-m2G C-G-C-A-G-U-G-G-A-A-G-C-G-U-m2G-C-U-G-G-G-C-C-C-A-U-t6 A-A-C-C-C-A-G-A-G-m7G-U-C G-G-U-A-G-A-psi-C-G-m1A-A-A-C-U-A-C-U-C-U-C-U-G-C-U-A -C-C-AOH by using post labeling methods recently developed. The nucleotide sequence was very similar to that of mammalian tRNAiMet except for changes in six bases and three modifications: C16, U55, D47 and m5C48 are replaced by U16, psi 55 and unmodified U47 and C48, respectively. A50-U64 and G52-C62 base pairs of mammalian tRNAiMet are reversed in Euphausia tRNAiMet. In addition, the G49-C65 pair of the former is replaced by a less stable G49-U65 pair in Euphausia tRNAiMet. The sequence homology was compared between Euphausia tRNAiMet and over ten different species of eucaryotic tRNAiMet so far sequenced. The melting temperature of Euphausia tRNAiMet was 72.5 degrees C, which is 4.2 degrees C and 8.3 degrees C lower than those of rat liver and yeast tRNAiMet's, respectively. The origin of the thermal instability of Euphausia tRNAiMet is discussed in comparison of its secondary structure compared with those of other eucaryotic tRNAiMet's. PMID- 7040354 TI - Regulation of Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase by multiple effectors in vivo. II. Kinetic studies with a reaction system containing physiological concentrations of ligands. AB - In an attempt to clarify the kinetic properties of Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase [EC 4.1.1.31] in vivo and to evaluate the physiological significance of the individual effectors, saturation curves were obtained for each ligand with reaction mixtures (pH 7.3) containing "physiological concentrations" of the other ligands in various combinations. As the "physiological concentrations" of ligands, which are defined as the concentrations of ligands found in the glucose-grown cells, the following values were employed: PEP, 0.2 mM; acetyl-CoA(CoA-SAc), 0.4 mM; fructose 1,6 bisphosphate(Fru-1,6-P2), 2.0 mM; GTP, 1.0 mM; L-aspartate, 1.0 mM; L-malate, 1.0 mM (Morikawa, M., Izui, K., Taguchi, M., & Katsuki, H. (1980) J. Biochem. 87, 441 -449). In the absence of any activator the enzyme activity was very low. CoASAc was the most powerful activator. The other two activators (Fru-1,6-P2 and GTP) exhibited essentially no activation alone, but produced a strong synergistic activation with CoASAc. The severe inhibition by L-aspartate or L-malate was effectively alleviated only through this synergistic action of the activators. The presence of all three activators decreased the half-saturation concentration (S0.5) of PEP from 15 mM to 0.35 mM and increased the maximal velocity attainable at infinite concentration of PEP about 15-fold. In the system containing all five effectors, which is close to the in vivo condition, the saturation curve of PEP was sigmoidal with a Hill coefficient of 1.6 and with an S0.5 value of 3.0 mM, which is about 15-fold larger than its "physiological concentration." On the basis of the rate-concentration curve for each effector obtained with the reaction mixture containing PEP and the other effectors at "physiological concentrations," it was suggested that all five effectors significantly contribute to the enzyme activity in vivo. Palmitoleate, another activator of the enzyme, showed no activation in such a reaction mixture. The sensitivity of the enzyme to the "physiological concentration" of each effector was also observed in an in situ system using permeabilized E. coli cells, where the enzyme concentration was as high as in vivo. PMID- 7040355 TI - Independent inductions of trypsin-like esteroproteases by 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone and triiodothyronine in mouse submandibular gland. AB - The relationship between the actions of androgen and thyroid hormone in induction of trypsin-like esteroproteases in mouse submandibular gland was studied. Zymograms prepared using tosyl-L-lysine alpha-naphthyl ester as substrate after isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide slab gel showed that the isozymes of trypsin-like esteroprotease induced by 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and triiodothyronine were identical. The time courses of esteroprotease induction by these hormones were very similar, and the lag time was not shortened by treatment with both hormones. The doses of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and triiodothyronine for half-maximal induction were 0.5 mg and 2.5 micrograms per 100 g body weight, respectively, and these values were not altered by simultaneous injection of other hormones. The binding capacity and affinity of androgen receptor for methyltrienolone, a synthetic androgen, were not affected by daily injections of triiodothyronine for 5 days. These results suggest that androgen and thyroid hormone act independently, not competitively, and so the two hormones induce trypsin-like esteroproteases additively. PMID- 7040356 TI - Studies on a Ca2+-activated neutral proteinase of rabbit skeletal muscle. II. Characterization of sulfhydryl groups and a role of Ca2+ ions in this enzyme. AB - The effects of Ca2+ ions on the structure and activity of Ca2+-activated neutral proteinase (CANP) were examined by means of carboxymethylation. CANP was inactivated by carboxymethylation of 1 mol of sulfhydryl group in the 80 K subunit. The sulfhydryl group was exposed to the solvent, and the buried single sulfhydryl group, which was exposed by addition of Ca2+ ions, was not essential for activity. The carboxymethylated CANP (Cm-CANP), though inactive, was indistinguishable from native CANP with respect to conformation. The structural change of Cm-CANP induced by Ca2+ at various Ca2+ concentrations and pH values corresponded well to the activity-Ca2+ and activity-pH relationships of native CANP. It is suggested that the observed conformational changes were essential for the appearance of enzyme activity. The induced structural changes occurred only around a cysteine residue and Trp and/or Tyr residues, and no significant changes in the secondary structures were observed. PMID- 7040357 TI - Stringent control of intermediary metabolism in Escherichia coli: pyruvate excretion by cells grown on succinate. AB - A large amount of pyruvate was excreted into the medium by CP78 (rel+) cells grown on succinate when they were starved for amino acids. In contrast, no such excretion was observed with CP79 (rel-) cells. This phenomenon was also seen with two other isogenic pairs of strains: NF161 (rel+) and NF162 (rel-), and 10B601 (rel+) and 10B602 (rel-). Besides succinate, L-malate, and fumarate were effective carbon sources for the excretion, but glucose, glycerol, and acetate were not. When DL-lactate was used, not only CP78 but also CP79 cells excreted pyruvate. Experiments using [1,4-14C]succinate as a carbon source revealed that pyruvate was formed by decarboxylation of one carboxyl group of succinate and that the pyruvate excretion amounted to about 40% of the total succinate degraded. Experiments designed to elucidate the mechanism of the excretion yielded the following observations. (i) The concentration of pyruvate in CP78 cells grown on the C4-dicarboxylic acids mentioned above was not significantly changed upon amino acid starvation. (ii) Guanosine 5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate exerted no effect on the activities of several enzymes thought to be involved in pyruvate-related metabolism. It is suggested firstly that the excretion was not due to some impairment in the biosynthetic pathway of a particular amino acid, but was due to the stringent control of central amphibolic metabolism, and secondly that no de novo protein synthesis was involved in the excretion. PMID- 7040358 TI - Guanine deaminase from rat brain. Purification, characteristics, and contribution to ammoniagenesis in the brain. AB - 1. Guanine deaminase [EC 3.5.4.3] was purified to a homogeneous state from rat brain by a procedure involving ammonium sulfate fractionation, DE-52 column chromatography, hydroxylapatite column chromatography, gel filtration on ACA-34 and isoelectric focusing. Homogeneity was shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of SDS. 2. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined by gel filtration (105,000), and that of its subunit by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (52,000). From these findings, we concluded that the native enzyme consisted of two identical subunits. 3. The Km values for guanine and 8-azaguanine were calculated to be 0.17 mM and 0.67 mM, respectively. This enzyme was markedly inhibited by 5-amino 4 imidazolecarboxamide (AICA), a precursor of purine nucleotide synthesis, with a K1 value of 82 micrometer. 4. Guanine deaminase was purified from rat liver by the procedure used for purification of the brain enzyme and anti-liver enzyme serum was raised in rabbits. This antiserum cross-reacted with the brain enzyme without spur formation in the Ouchterlony double diffusion test. 5. The gamma globulin fraction of the anti-guanine deaminase serum and AICA inhibited more than 50% of the ammoniagenesis in the brain system in which the purine nucleotide cycle operates. It was also shown that guanine nucleotides were degraded via guanosine and guanine liberating ammonia in the same brain system when substrates for the purine nucleotide cycle were omitted. On the basis of these findings it is suggested that guanine deaminase contributes to ammoniagenesis in the brain. PMID- 7040359 TI - The peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) of the Proteus mirabilis outer membrane: characterization of the peptidoglycan-associated region of PAL. AB - The peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) is present in the cell envelope in a form closely, but not covalently, associated with peptidoglycan in various Gram negative bacteria. When the cell envelope or the isolated peptidoglycan-PAL complex from Proteus mirabilis, in which PAL maintains the interaction with peptidoglycan, was digested with trypsin, a polypeptide fragment with molecular weight 11,000 (11 K fragment) was obtained. However, when isolated PAL or the 11 K-fragment which had been dissociated from peptidoglycan was treated with trypsin, they were further digested. The 11 K-fragment maintained essentially the same tight interaction with peptidoglycan as intact PAL. These results indicate that the 11 K-fragment is probably derived from the peptidoglycan-associated region of the PAL molecule. The purified 11 K-fragment contained neither covalently-linked fatty acid nor glycerylcysteine, which are known to be present at the N-terminus of PAL. The N-terminal sequence of the 11 K-fragment was also determined. PMID- 7040360 TI - Interaction of aminoacyl-tRNA with bacterial elongation factor Tu: GTP complex: effects of the amino group of amino acid esterified to tRNA, the amino acid side chain, and tRNA structure. AB - The present investigation was undertaken to see to what extent the alpha-amino group of the amino acid, the side chain of the amino acid of aminoacyl-tRNA, and the tRNA structure are involved in determining the affinity of aminoacyl-tRNA for bacterial elongation factor Tu-GTP complex. Various aminoacyl-tRNAs, mis aminoacylated tRNAs, and formylated aminoacyl-tRNAs were prepared, and the dissociation constants of the ternary complexes of aminoacyl-tRNA with ET-Tu: GTP were determined by the RNase-resistance assay. The results indicated that the free amino-acid group of the amino acids in aminoacyl-tRNA is strongly required for binding with EF-Tu : GTP. In this concentration, the biological significance of formylation for Met-tRNAMetf species is discussed. PMID- 7040361 TI - Localization of a glycosphingolipid, asialo GM1, in rat immunocytes. AB - One of the TLMA (rat T-lymphocyte-macrophage-associated antigens) was characterized as asialo GM1, Gal(beta, 1-3)GalNAc(beta, 1-4)Gal(beta, 1-1)-Cer by two assay methods using monospecific anti-asialo GM1 antibody, immunocytotoxicity testing and immunostaining. Nylon column-enriched T lymphocytes (non-adherent cells) were highly cytolyzed by anti-asialo GM1 antiserum and complement as compared with adherent cells (non T cells). Forty % of peritoneal exudate macrophages and 20% of granulocytes were also cytolyzed by anti-asialo GM1 antiserum. On the other hand, 5% of thymic cells and 60-80% of lymph node T cells were immunostained by anti-asialo GM1 antibody. These asialo GM1-positive cells in thymus were found to be localized in the cortico-medulla junction. About 20% of macrophages and 2)% of granulocytes were also immunostained by anti-asialo GM1 F (ab')2 fragment. These results strongly support the previous conclusion that TLMA can be identified as asialo GM1. Asialo GM1 was universally expressed on a certain population of macrophages of various tissues, but not on all of the population. Alveolar macrophages were also asialo GM1-positive. PMID- 7040362 TI - Activation of kidney prorenin by kidney cathepsin B isozymes. AB - Kidney protein was converted to a form of active renin by kidney cathepsin B isozymes. The three isozymes showed similar catalytic behavior for prorenin. The optimal pH for the activation was in the range of 4.0-5.0 and the reaction was completely inhibited by leupeptin. The molecular weight and the isoelectric point of the activated prorenin were 40,000 and pH 4.9. As a minor product, an activated prorenin having an isoelectric point of 5.2 was also produced. PMID- 7040363 TI - Occurrence and some properties of membrane-bound neutral proteinase in the microsomal fraction of rat skeletal muscle. AB - Membrane-bound neutral proteinase was found in the microsomal fraction of rat skeletal muscle as assayed with heat-denatured casein as a substrate. The enzyme was solubilized from 1 M KC1-washed microsomal fraction by 1% sodium cholate containing 0.1 M NaCl, and partially purified by chromatography on a column of Sepharose CL-6B in the presence of 0.5% sodium cholate and 0.1 M NaCl. The enzyme was eluted from the Sepharose column as a single but rather broad peak at a position corresponding to a molecular weight of about 190,000. The pH optimum for hydrolysis of heat-denatured casein was about 8.0. It was inhibited to significant extents by various reagents including diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, N alpha-tosyl-L phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, N alpha-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, p chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate, chymostatin, EDTA, EGTA, and o-phenanthroline. This inhibition profile suggests that the present muscle proteinase is a mixture of proteinases, such as serine proteinase and a metallo-proteinase similar to those occurring in the microsomal membranes of liver and kidney (or small intestine), respectively. Among urea-denatured proteins tested as substrates, calf thymus histone was hydrolyzed most rapidly, followed by protamine, hemoglobin, and casein. PMID- 7040364 TI - Hormonal regulations of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lipogenesis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. AB - In primary cultured monolayer hepatocytes of adult rats, insulin (1 x 10(-8) M) induced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.49, G6PDH] several fold in 48 h. It also induced lipogenesis, measured as [1-14C]acetate incorporation in 2 h, in these cells. Of the various lipids, triglycerides and phospholipids were induced markedly, while cholesterol and its esters were not induced. The increase of G6PDH and lipogenesis were parallel. Glucagon, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, triiodothyronine, dexamethasone, epinephrine, isoproterenol, and dibutyryl cyclic GMP were also tested under similar conditions, but none of them caused significant induction of G6PDH or lipogenesis. Use of anti-G6PDH serum showed that induction of G6PDH by insulin was due to increase in the amount of enzyme protein. Insulin was found to increase the rate of synthesis of G6PDH about 3 fold. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitable protein revealed that besides G6PDH another radioactive fraction (Mr 37,000) was increased by insulin. This suggests that complete synthesis of G6PDH protein is slowed down in primary cultured hepatocytes and that an apparent nascent peptide of the enzyme accumulates. Although on long-term treatment (48 h), glucagon and dibutyryl cyclic AMP had no effect on lipogenesis, when added with [14C]acetate for 2 h they strongly inhibited lipogenesis. Significant inhibition of lipogenesis by short-term treatment with glucagon was seen even in cells with a high capacity for lipogenesis induced by long-term treatment with insulin. Insulin again stimulated lipogenesis in short-term treatment, but its effect was slight. It is concluded from these results that insulin exerts long-term stimulation of lipogenesis by inducing enzymes related to lipogenesis including G6PDH as well as causing slight stimulation by enhancing supply of substrate for lipogenesis. Glucagon seems to play a minor role in long-term control, but it causes short-term inhibition of lipogenesis. PMID- 7040365 TI - Medical illustration: our early years. Student days at Johns Hopkins, Evelyn Erickson Sullivan. PMID- 7040366 TI - Active transport of maltose in Escherichia coli K12. Role of the periplasmic maltose-binding protein and evidence for a substrate recognition site in the cytoplasmic membrane. AB - The active transport of maltose in Escherichia coli requires the products of five genes. These include a water-soluble periplasmic maltose-binding protein, three cytoplasmic membrane proteins, and an outer membrane protein. In order to evaluate the role of the maltose-binding protein in active transport, a nonpolar internal deletion of the structural gene for the maltose-binding protein was constructed. A strain which contains this deletion is unable to grow on maltose at an external concentration of 25 mM, even when the remaining components of the transport system are synthesized constitutively. This demonstrates that the periplasmic maltose-binding protein is essential for detectable translocation of maltose across the cytoplasmic membrane. Mal+ revertants of the deletion strain were obtained. In one of these strains, the remaining components of the maltose transport system gained the ability to translocate maltose across the membrane independently of the periplasmic binding protein. Maltose transport in this revertant strain is specific for maltose; it is not inhibited by other alpha and beta glucosides and galactosides. In contrast to the wild type, transport activity in the Mal+ revertant strain is retained by spheroplasts. The cytoplasmic membrane components of the maltose transport system in the revertant appear to form a substrate recognition site. It is likely that this site exists in wild type cells but is available only to substrate molecules that are bound to the maltose-binding protein. A model for the operation of the transport system is presented. In this model, the substrate recognition site in the cytoplasmic membrane is exposed to alternate sides of the membrane. PMID- 7040367 TI - Purification and further characterization of the Ca2+-activated proteinase specific for the intermediate filament proteins vimentin and desmin. AB - A calcium (Ca2+)-activated, neutral proteinase has been purified from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The protocol used has resulted in a 3,600-fold purification of the enzyme in a yield of 21% from the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell postnuclear supernatant. The purified proteinase has a high substrate specificity for the intermediate filament subunit proteins, vimentin and desmin, and showed no activity towards other intermediate filament proteins except a 60,000-dalton protein of the cytokeratins. Also, there was no degradation of actin, tubulin, the major constituent proteins of myofibrils and several standard proteins. Characterization of the purified proteinase has shown that it is activated by Ca2+ (10 to 100 microM), is probably calmodulin-independent and irreversibly loses activity when incubated in the presence of Ca2+ without substrate. The enzyme has a Km of 1.7 x 10(-8) M for vimentin and 5.2 x 10(-7) M for desmin. The proteinase has a major subunit of 72,000 daltons which has the catalytic center and a minor component of 29,000 daltons; by gel permeation chromatography it has an apparent molecular weight of 100,000. It requires a reduced sulfhydryl group for activity and can be inhibited by sulfhydryl-blocking reagents. The high substrate specificity of the proteinase indicates that it is involved in the regulation of the distribution and turnover of vimentin- and desmin-containing intermediate filaments. PMID- 7040368 TI - Biosynthetic control of the natural abundance of carbon 13 at specific positions within fatty acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isotopic fractionation in lipid synthesis as evidence for peroxisomal regulation. AB - Measurements of the natural abundance of 13C at C-1, C-9, and C-10 in fatty acids synthesized by Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown aerobically at 30 degrees C show that alkyl chain positions derived from the carboxyl group of the acetate precursor must be enriched in 13C by 2.5 +/- 0.6 parts per thousand while those derived from the methyl group in acetate must be depleted in 13C by an equal amount. Selective depletions of 13C observed at the C-9 and C-10 positions of palmitoleate and oleate require that (i) the carbon kinetic isotope effect associated with the action of desaturase at C-9 must be between 1.2 and 1.6% in vivo, (ii) at C-10 the effect must be between 0.9 and 1.3%, and (iii) less than 20% of the C18 carbon skeletons synthesized are preserved within the cell, the remainder apparently being degraded. It is shown that the novo synthesis (i.e. by fatty acid synthetase) is responsible for the production of more than 95% of the supply of 18-carbon acyl groups, the remainder being provided by all other elongation pathways. In an ancillary study designed to test the accuracy and generality of these results, it was observed that still larger specific depletions occurred at olefinic carbon position in fatty acids from soybeans, thus suggesting that the degradation of substantial quantities of C18 carbon skeletons may be a widespread feature of fatty acid metabolism in eukaryotes. It is suggested that the required degradation is associated with the action of peroxisomes. PMID- 7040369 TI - Urokinase-like plasminogen activators of unusually high molecular weight secreted by a cell line derived from a human lung cancer case. AB - The HPL-SK-1 cell line derived from the pleural exudate of a lung cancer patient has been shown to secrete plasminogen activators of very high molecular weights (greater than or equal to 2 and 1 million), as shown by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B or CL-6B. The size of these activators could not be reduced by chromatography in buffers containing 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 8 M urea, or 1 M KSCN. Goat anti-urokinase antibody inhibited these activators only partially. Trypsin digestion of the 2 million-dalton species yielded several active fragments including one of the size of urokinase, 55,000 daltons. These large activators could be purified only by a double antibody immunoadsorption technique which consisted of the formation of a soluble immune complex between the activators and goat anti-urokinase IgG, followed by the adsorption of this complex to rabbit anti-goat IgG coupled to Affi-Gel 10. The eluted activators were purified 50-fold (2 million daltons) and 130-fold (1 million daltons), respectively. Reduction of the two largest species in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate resulted in the appearance of smaller molecular weight active fragments of differing size, indicating that these activators are disulfide linked oligomers. Among the fragments of the 2 million-dalton species was found a 10,000-dalton enzyme which had lost activator and antigenic specificity and retained only a non-specific protease activity. A similar fragment was also isolated from reduced, purified 55,000-dalton urinary urokinase. PMID- 7040370 TI - Size classes of products synthesized processively by two subassemblies of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. AB - Two forms of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase III', and DNA polymerase III have been shown to synthesize DNA products via a processive mechanism with product sizes distinctive for each enzyme form. These forms of DNA polymerase III are intermediate in complexity between the core DNA polymerase III and the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. In a previous publication (Fay, P. J., Johanson K. O., McHenry, C. S., and Bambara, R. A. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 976 983), we demonstrated that on a randomly primed fd DNA template or on an oligo(dT)10 . poly(dA) template, the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme adds more than 100 nucleotides before dissociation, whereas the core enzyme adds 10 to 15 nucleotides. Now we show that DNA polymerase III' adds 30 to 40 nucleotides before dissociation. This number can be increased to approximately 60 if spermidine is present, but it is insensitive to the presence of E. coli single stranded DNA-binding protein. DNA polymerase III adds about 50 nucleotides before dissociation, but this value can be increased to 200 nucleotides in the presence of the binding protein. Using measurement of product sizes made on an oligo(dT)10 . poly(dA) template, reconstitution of holoenzyme activity from DNA polymerase III and the beta subunit was monitored. Finally, it is shown that the products obtained from a purified initiation complex of holoenzyme and oligo(dT)10 . poly(dA) derive solely from the holoenzyme. PMID- 7040371 TI - Effect of tunicamycin on insulin binding and on proteoglycan synthesis and distribution in Swarm rat chondrosarcoma cell cultures. AB - Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of dolichol-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine formation and hence an inhibitor of N-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis, suppressed total proteoglycan synthesis by Swarm rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes without affecting the size of the proteoglycan molecule, its secretion from the cell, or its ability to be retained in the extracellular matrix. In addition, tunicamycin did not substantially alter the ability of the chondrocytes to polymerize glycosaminoglycan onto an exogenous beta-D-xyloside acceptor. A secondary effect of tunicamycin suppression of proteoglycan synthesis was that a lesser amount of newly synthesized proteoglycan diffused from the extracellular matrix into the culture medium. The ability of exogenous hyaluronic acid and proteoglycan to increase the percentage of newly synthesized 35S-proteoglycan in the medium in tunicamycin-treated cultures indicates that matrix retention of 35S-proteoglycan is related to the total extracellular uronic acid content rather than to the presence or absence of mannose oligosaccharides bound to the proteoglycan molecule. These noncytotoxic concentrations of tunicamycin (33-333 ng/ml) decreased [3H]mannose incorporation to the same extent that they decreased total [35S]sulfate and [3H]serine incorporation, and caused the chondrocyte to synthesize and secrete a species of beta-hexosaminidase that was mannose deficient as assessed by its failure to bind to concanavalin A. The additional finding of decreased insulin binding to tunicamycin-treated chondrosarcoma chondrocytes suggested that the inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis was due to diminution of receptors which respond to stimulatory hormones. PMID- 7040372 TI - Bacteriophage SP6-specific RNA polymerase. I. Isolation and characterization of the enzyme. AB - SP6 is a small, virulent bacteriophage which grows on Salmonella typhimurium LT2. It is morphologically similar to Escherichia coli bacteriophage T7 and its relatives, but appears to be genetically distinct. After infection a bacteriophage-specific RNA polymerase is induced in infected cells. SP6 RNA polymerase is a stable enzyme and is easily purified to homogeneity in good overall yield. The activity resides in a single polypeptide chain of Mr = 96,000. Synthesis of RNA by SP6 RNA polymerase requires a DNA template and Mg2+ ion and is strongly stimulated by either bovine serum albumin of spermidine. Thiol reactive reagents inhibit the enzyme, suggesting the presence of essential sulfhydryl residues. RNA synthesis requires native SP6 RNA as template; DNAs from other bacteriophages including T3 and T7 are inert; hence, SP6 RNA polymerase possesses a stringent promoter specificity similar to, but distinct from that of the other phage RNA polymerases. The SP6 RNA polymerase is also highly active in synthesis of poly(rG) with poly(dI) . (dC) as template. This reaction is unlikely to involve promoter-like sites, but it appears to reflect a general catalytic capacity of the polymerase, since cleavage of the SP6 RNA polymerase with trypsin, which completely eliminates SP6-transcribing activity, has little effect on poly(rG) synthesis. Hence, it appears that the catalytic portion of the polymerase can be separated from the RNA polymerase holoenzyme. PMID- 7040373 TI - Effect of chloroquine on the internalization of 125I-insulin into subcellular fractions of rat liver. Evidence for an effect of chloroquine on Golgi elements. PMID- 7040374 TI - The biogenesis and regulation of yeast mitochondria RNA polymerase. AB - Yeast mitochondrial RNA polymerase is a nuclear-coded protein of approximately 90,000 daltons comprised of two 45,000-dalton subunits of pI 6.9 to 7.0. To investigate the nature of the initial translation product of the RNA polymerase, we have analyzed those products of a cell-free translation system directed by yeast RNA that are immunoreactive with antibodies to the 45,000-dalton peptide of polymerase. A precursor of one or more of the subunits of the polymerase, 2,000 daltons later than the mature product, has been characterized using immunoreaction, immunocompetition, and peptide digestion. The role of transcription of the polymerase gene in catabolite repression of mitochondrial development has been investigated by analyzing the changes in cell-free synthesis of the RNA polymerase precursor during glucose and raffinose growth. The results indicate an increase in precursor synthesis and probably in the corresponding transcript abundance during glucose derepression. In contrast, the precursor is present at high levels until stationary phase during raffinose growth. These data indicate the involvement of increased transcription of the polymerase gene in the process of derepression. PMID- 7040375 TI - Localization and processing of outer membrane and periplasmic proteins in Escherichia coli strains harboring export-specific suppressor mutations. AB - Mutations at three genetic loci (termed prlA,B,C) were previously shown to specifically suppress signal sequence mutations in the lamB gene encoding the outer membrane phage lambda receptor protein of Escherichia coli (Emr, S. D., Hanley-Way, S., and Silhavy, T. J. (1981) Cell 23, 79-88). The majority of these suppressor mutations map at the prlA locus and are thought to result in an altered ribosomal protein. In this study, we demonstrate that prlA mutations also phenotypically suppress signal sequence mutations in the malE gene encoding the periplasmic maltose-binding protein. For both lamB and malE mutations, suppression is achieved by transporting the export-defective protein to its correct extracytoplasmic location, in some instances with near 100% efficiency. With a single exception, the mutant-exported protein is apparently processed to its normal mature form. These results indicate that prlA-mediated protein export occurs via the usual route, and additional data suggest that the prlA product directly interacts with the mutant signal sequence to restore export. The single prlC allele also suppresses malE signal sequence mutations, whereas the single prlB allele only phenotypically suppresses lamB signal sequence mutations. However, with these latter two suppressors, there is some indication that export of the phage lambda receptor to the outer membrane is not accomplished by the usual route. PMID- 7040377 TI - In vitro system for middle T4 RNA. I. Studies with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. AB - We describe crude in vitro systems from T4-infected cells which reflect in vivo T4 regulation. Lysates from cells which had been infected in the presence of chloramphenicol manifest the same polarity of RNA synthesis as did the infected cells. Next, we describe a complementation system between lysates which have no RNA synthetic capacity and purified RNA polymerase; in this system, delayed early RNA synthesis in vitro depends on the presence of an active mot gene product. Mot activity controls middle mode gene expression in vivo. In vitro, not activity in the lysate directs RNA polymerase to initiate on regions of DNA that are otherwise inaccessible. This mot-dependent delayed early RNA synthesis in vitro is seen at 0.1 and 0.2 M KCl, but not at 0.05 M KCl. We present a model in which mot is a DNA melting protein necessary for recognition of a middle promoters by either Escherichia coli or T4-modified RNA polymerase which contains E. coli sigma subunit. PMID- 7040376 TI - Internalization of insulin into rat liver Golgi elements. Evidence for vesicle heterogeneity and the path of intracellular processing. PMID- 7040378 TI - In vitro system for middle T4 RNA. II. Studies with T4-modified RNA polymerase. PMID- 7040379 TI - Role of phosphorylation in mediating the association of myosin with the cytoskeletal structures of human platelets. AB - The effect of myosin light chain phosphorylation on the association of myosin with the cytoskeletal structures of platelets was quantitated. In unstimulated platelets, little myosin light chain was phosphorylated and myosin remained in solution when cytoskeletons from Triton X-100 lysates of platelets were sedimented by centrifugation. In platelets activated by thrombin, the calcium ionophore A23187, or collagen, the rate and extent of myosin light chain phosphorylation paralleled the association of myosin with platelet cytoskeletal structures. Dephosphorylation of myosin light chain and myosin dissociation from the cytoskeleton occurred at comparable rates at longer times after addition of the stimulating agents to platelets. Quantitation of radioactive phosphate in the cytoskeleton-associated myosin and in the soluble myosin showed that the phosphorylated myosin light chain was selectively isolated with the Triton insoluble cytoskeletons, whereas nonphosphorylated myosin was not associated. Inhibition of the light chain kinase with the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine inhibited myosin light chain phosphorylation and incorporation of myosin into the platelet cytoskeletons. Inhibition of light chain phosphorylation by prostaglandin E1 and prostacyclin produced similar effects. Thus, phosphorylation of the myosin light chain stabilizes the association of myosin with the contractile structures within platelets. PMID- 7040380 TI - Studies of the ATP-dependent proteolytic enzyme, protease La, from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7040381 TI - Insulin-induced down-regulation of insulin receptors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Altered rate of receptor inactivation. AB - Fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, maintained in the presence of insulin, exhibit up-regulation of insulin-binding capacity when insulin is removed from the culture medium. Both cell surface and total cellular insulin receptors increase by 1.8- to 2.0-fold during the 24-h period following the removal of insulin. When up-regulated 3T3-L1 cells are exposed to 10(-8) M insulin down regulation of insulin receptors occurs with a t1/2 of 2-3 h. Down-regulation was complete after a 10-h exposure to insulin and resulted in a 50-60% decrease in levels of cell surface and total cellular insulin-binding capacities, respectively. Scatchard analysis revealed that these changes in insulin binding are due to an alteration of receptor number and not insulin-binding affinity. To clarify the mechanism(s) by which the regulation of insulin receptor level occurs, rates of receptor synthesis and degradation were determined by the heavy isotope density-shift method. No change in the rate of receptor synthesis occurred as a consequence of up-regulation or down-regulation. Up-regulation, however, caused an increase in receptor half-life from 8.1 h in the control cells to 14.8 h. Subsequent down-regulation brought about a return of receptor half life to 6.9 h. These results indicate that insulin-dependent regulation of insulin receptor level in 3T3-L1 adipocytes involves a change in the rate of receptor degradation. Further studies indicated that regulation of insulin receptor level has physiological significance, since up-regulated cells exhibit an increased responsiveness of 2-deoxyglucose uptake to insulin compared to down regulated cells. PMID- 7040382 TI - Regulation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate content in rat hepatocytes, perfused hearts, and perfused hindlimbs. PMID- 7040383 TI - Purification and characterization of two novel proteolytic enzymes in membranes of Escherichia coli. Protease IV and protease V. PMID- 7040384 TI - Cationic amino acid transport into cultured animal cells. I. Influx into cultured human fibroblasts. AB - Cationic amino acid transport into human skin fibroblasts occurs by a saturable mediation which we designate System y+, which may prove identical with the earlier Ly. This plasma membrane agency is kinetically distinguishable from systems transporting neutral and acidic amino acids and serves to catalyze the flows of omega-guanidino amino acids and alpha, omega-diamino acids. Uptake of cationic substrates by System y+ is Na+-independent, pH-insensitive, stereoselective, and inhibitable by neutral amino acids in the presence of Na+. Uptake and exodus of System y+ substrates are strongly stimulated by cationic amino acids inside and outside the cell, respectively. Arginine and homoarginine accumulate in human fibroblasts reaching distribution ratios of more than 20 at external amino acid concentrations in the physiological range. PMID- 7040385 TI - Natural variation in yeast RNA polymerase A. Formation of a mosaic RNA polymerase A in a meiotic segregant from an interspecific hybrid. AB - There is a natural variation in the molecular structure of RNA polymerase A isolated from several genetically distant yeast species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces douglasii, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Candida tropicalis. Several biochemical criteria were used to identify their homologous polypeptide components. Based on these correlations, the minimal subunit composition of S. cerevisiae (and Saccharomyces carlsbergensis) RNA polymerase A was tentatively defined as A190, A135, A40, A27, A23, A19, and A14.5. Without the two Saccharomyces species, S. cerevisiae and S. douglasii, 7 of 13 polypeptides of enzyme A(A49, A43, A40, A34.5, A19, A14.5, and A14) differ slightly in molecular weight and can be resolved by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. The RNA polymerase A isolated from the diploid interspecific hybrid contains all the polypeptides characteristic of the two parents. One meiotic segregant had a hybrid RNA polymerase A with five of the polymorphic polypeptides (A49, A43, A19, A14.5, and A14) coming from S. douglasii and two (A40 and A34.5) from S. cerevisiae. In three successive backcrosses with S. cerevisiae, all the genes for S. douglasii polypeptides were shown to recombine although parental ditype tetrads predominated in the four four-spored asci examined. Thus, the genes for the seven polymorphic polypeptides are not clustered: they lie on at least three different chromosomes. PMID- 7040386 TI - The effect of bisulfite-induced C to U transitions on aminoacylation of Escherichia coli glycine tRNA. AB - The effect of bisulfite-induced C to U transitions on the aminoacylation of highly purified Escherichia coli tRNAgly3,gcc has been studied. On treatment with 3.2 M NaHSO3 at 25 degrees C and pH 5.8, C to U transitions occurred at 4 of the 21 cytosine residues during the first 16 h. After about 12 h, 2 additional unidentified residues begin to react. From these data and theoretical consideration, we conclude: 1) E. coli tRNAgly3,gcc exists in the native conformation under the conditions of the reaction; 2) its ordered structure is similar to yeast tRNAPhe; 3) its anticodon loop is flexible in solution. During the reaction, loss of glycine acceptor activity followed first order kinetics with a t1/2 = 1.8 h. After modification for 1.25 h and aminoacylation (61% glycine acceptor activity remaining), the aminoacylated fraction was isolated. The fractional change at each of the reactive residues in the unfractionated mixture (f) and the aminoacylated fraction (p) was measured. The results were: C35, f = 0.33, p = 0.19; C36, f = 0.25, p = 0.10; C74, f = 0.28, p = 0.26; C75, f = 0.25, p = 0.20. From these data, the Modulation Constant for each reactive residue was calculated from the equation M = (f - p)/f(1 - p): M35 (anticodon) = 0.52; M36 (anticodon) = 0.67; M74 (CCA end) = 0.10; M75 (CCA end) = 0.25. These values, which are based on the assumptions that the C to U reactions occur independently and that the effect of each change on the acceptor activity is an independent event, express the fractional loss in activity that would occur from a C to U change at the residue in question by itself. From these results, we conclude: 1) approximately 80% of the observed inactivation was due to changes in the anticodon; 2) neither of these anticodon residues (C35 and C36) is essential for aminoacylation; 3) a C to U change at C75 (CCA end) has a small effect on aminoacylation; 4) a C to U change at C74 (CCA end) has little or no effect on aminoacylation. PMID- 7040387 TI - Fatty acid synthetase system in the regulation of membrane lipid synthesis in Escherichia coli after shifts in temperature. PMID- 7040388 TI - A phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance study of the intermediates of the Escherichia coli succinyl coenzyme A synthetase reaction. Evidence for substrate synergism and catalytic cooperativity. PMID- 7040389 TI - Characterization of a unique corticosterone-binding protein in Candida albicans. AB - This paper further characterizes a protein we have demonstrated in Candida albicans which has the ability to bind corticosterone and related steroid hormones. Fungal cells are disrupted and cytosol is incubated with [3H]corticosterone for 3 h at which time peak steady state binding is achieved. Bound hormone is separated from free using Sephadex G-50 minicolumns or dextran coated charcoal. Binding was found to be a linear function of protein concentration. The bound hormone co-migrates with authentic corticosterone in thin layer chromatographic systems indicating no metabolism of the radioprobe. Scatchard analysis of the binding in the pseudohyphal form of C. albicans yielded values of 6.3 nM for the Kd and a binding capacity of about 650 fmol/mg of cytosol protein; both determinations are comparable to our findings in the yeast form of this organism. A series of sterols were tested for their ability to displace [3H]corticosterone from the yeast binder, and the results show that the binder is remarkably selective and stereo specific. Physical-chemical studies show the binder to be degraded at high temperatures and that binding is destroyed by trypsin and sulfhydryl blockers. The protein sediments at 4 S on sucrose gradients and does not exhibit ionic dependent aggregation. The molecular weight is estimated to be approximately 43,000 daltons by gel chromatography. We hypothesize that this intracellular protein may represent a primitive form of either the mammalian glucocorticoid receptor or the plasma corticosteroid-binding globulin. PMID- 7040390 TI - Increased permeability to sugar following muscle contraction. Inhibitors of protein synthesis prevent reversal of the increase in 3-methylglucose transport rate. AB - Contractile activity is followed by an increase in the permeability of muscle to sugar. The increase in sugar transport rate persists unchanged for hours before gradually returning to base-line (Holloszy, J. O., and Narahara, H. T. (1965) J. Biol. Chem. 240, 3493-3500). This prolonged delay suggested that the recovery process might involve protein synthesis. We have investigated this possibility. A large increase in permeability to [3-3H]methylglucose occurred in frog sartorius muscles stimulated to contract 60 times/min for 30 min. Cycloheximide or puromycin at concentrations that inhibited protein synthesis completely blocked reversal of the increase in permeability to 3-methylglucose. The recovery process was not irreversibly impaired, as permeability returned to base-line in muscles that were washed and incubated without protein synthesis inhibitors for a second 24-h period. Reversal of the increase in permeability to 3-methylglucose induced by a high concentration of epinephrine was also prevented by cycloheximide. In contrast, cycloheximide did not prevent reversal of the increases in sugar transport rate induced by either insulin or trypsin. These results provide evidence that exercise and catecholamines activate sugar transport by a process that requires protein synthesis for its reversal, while the increases in permeability induced by insulin and trypsin involve a different mechanism. PMID- 7040391 TI - Molecular properties of short chain acyl thioesters of acyl carrier protein. AB - S-Acylated derivatives of the acyl carrier protein (ACP) of Escherichia coli were prepared by a specific chemical reaction. The properties of acetyl-ACP, butyryl ACP, and hexanoyl-ACP were compared with those of long chain (greater than C8) acyl-ACPs. Acylation of ACP with long chain (greater than or equal to C8) acyl groups stabilizes the protein to alkaline pH-induced hydrodynamic expansion, the degree of stabilization being independent of acyl chain length (Rock, C. O., and Cronan, J. E., Jr. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 9778-9785). This was not true of the short chain length acyl-ACPs. We report that the C2, C4, and C6 acyl-ACPs showed a lower degree of stabilization (greater hydrodynamic radii) under alkaline conditions than the longer chain lengths. The degree of stabilization (assayed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 9.5) was a direct function of acyl chain length (C8 greater than C6 greater than C4 greater than C2 greater than ACP). Long chain (greater than C10) acyl-ACPs bind tightly to octyl Sepharose whereas ACP does not bind. The strength of binding is a direct function of acyl chain length for C10 to C16 (Rock, C. O., and Garwin, J. L. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 7123-7128). In contrast to the result expected if the entire acyl chain was accessible, we report that neither acetyl-ACP nor butyryl-ACP binds to octyl-Sepharose. Moreover, both hexanoyl-ACP and octanoyl-ACP bind less tightly to octyl-Sepharose than expected from extrapolation of the data for the longer chain length acyl-ACPs. Both the pH stabilization data and the hydrophobic chromatographic data are interpreted as indicating the presence of an acyl chain binding site on ACP that binds the first 6 to 8 carbon atoms of the acyl chain. PMID- 7040392 TI - A new class of heterocyclic serine protease inhibitors. Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase, porcine pancreatic elastase, cathepsin G, and bovine chymotrypsin A alpha with substituted benzoxazinones, quinazolines, and anthranilates. AB - The serine proteases human leukocyte (HL) elastase, porcine pancreatic elastase, cathepsin G, and bovine chymotrypsin A alpha are inhibited competitively at pH 7.5 by heterocyclic compounds such as 2-substituted 4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones, 4 quinazolines, and 4-chloroquinazolines, N-substituted phthalimides, and by thioesters of N-acylanthranilic acids. The most potent inhibitors have KI values in the 10(-7)--10(-8) M range. The inhibitors with fluoroalkyl or fluoroacyl substituents are much more potent than the alkyl or acyl derivatives. The quinazolinones, chloroquinazolines, and N-substituted phthalimides are quite specific for HL elastase. With HL elastase, an excellent correlation is observed between pKI and the infrared carbonyl-stretching frequency of the inhibitor. It is proposed that the partially polarized carbonyl group of the inhibitor interacts with a partially polarized charge relay system of the serine protease. The substituents on the inhibitors are proposed to interact with the primary substrate binding site of the serine proteases. The results indicate that it is possible to develop non-peptide small molecules which are specific inhibitors for HL elastase. PMID- 7040394 TI - Selective diminution of the binding of mannose by murine macrophages in the late stages of activation. PMID- 7040393 TI - Solubilization and reconstitution of the melibiose carrier from a plasmid carrying strain of Escherichia coli. AB - A strain of EScherichia coli was constructed containing a plasmid from the Clarke Carbon collection that showed high levels of melibiose transport activity. Membranes from the plasmid-containing strain were extracted with octyl-beta-D glucopyranoside and melibiose transport was reconstituted in liposomes. The proteoliposomes exhibited counterflow activity, as well as membrane potential and sodium gradient-driven melibiose accumulation. PMID- 7040395 TI - Mechanism of signal peptide cleavage in the biosynthesis of the major lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane. AB - On treatment of Escherichia coli cells with globomycin, a glyceride-containing precursor of the major outer membrane lipoprotein accumulates in the cytoplasmic membrane (Hussain, M., Ichihara, S., and Mizushima, S. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 3707-3712). When the envelope fraction from such cells was incubated in a suitable buffer, this precursor could be processed to the mature lipoprotein. The processing involved removal of the signal peptide and subsequent acylation of the NH2 terminus thus bared. Two types of peptidase and an acylation enzyme(s) were found to be involved in these processes. The enzyme that cleaves the signal peptide, called signal peptidase in this paper, had many unique properties: being highly resistant to high temperature, having a wide optimum pH range, and being highly sensitive to detergents. The other peptidase(s), called signal peptide peptidase in this paper, was assumed to be responsible for the digestion of the signal peptide that had been cleaved from the precursor lipoprotein. This enzyme was rather heat-sensitive. Thus the processing from the precursor to the mature lipoprotein at a high temperature resulted in accumulation of a peptide that was most probably the intact signal peptide. The third enzyme(s) involved in the processing was the one that is responsible for acylation of the newly bared NH2 terminus of the lipoprotein. The enzyme activity was also lost at 80 degrees C. In the light of these findings, the biosynthetic pathway of the lipoprotein is discussed. PMID- 7040396 TI - Potential and pitfalls in the use of immunoassays for the quantification of live and inactivated virus using tick-borne encephalitis virus as a model. PMID- 7040397 TI - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for influenza haemagglutinin. PMID- 7040398 TI - Captopril and baroreceptor reflex responses to pressor and depressor stimuli in the rabbit. AB - 1. The reflex effects of intravenous phenylephrine, sodium nitroprusside or acute haemorrhage in rabbits were examined as indices of baroreceptors reflex function. 2. The slope of the linear regression of heart period: mean arterial pressure relationship was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) when buffering the pressor stimulus than either depressor stress. 3. Captopril (1 mg/kg i.v.) had no effect on the slope of the relationship to either pressor or depressor stimuli. 4. The clinical and experimental observation of hypotension without bradycardia after captopril could not be confirmed in the present study to be a result of changes in baroreflex sensitivity. PMID- 7040399 TI - The discovery of the noradrenergic neurone blocking action of TM10 (xylocholine). PMID- 7040400 TI - Noradrenergic neurone blocking agents. PMID- 7040401 TI - Involvement of cholinergic systems of the brain in the central regulation of cardiovascular functions. PMID- 7040402 TI - Synovial and osseous inflammation in failed silicone-rubber prostheses. PMID- 7040403 TI - Reactive synovitis from particulate silastic. AB - A reactive synovitis secondary to intra-articular particles of silicone elastomer developed in three patients who had undergone Silastic hemiarthroplasty. In an attempt to duplicate this phenomenon, we used an animal model in which finely ground particulate silicone elastomer was introduced into the knee joints of adult New Zealand White rabbits. In three of thirteen rabbits (p = 0.066) histological evidence of inflammatory changes developed in the synovial tissue, similar to those seen in our patients. Intraarticular particulate silicone elastomer created by abrasion of a Silastic hemiarthroplasty may be responsible for the development of an iatrogenic reactive synovitis. PMID- 7040404 TI - Synovitis due to migration of a screw into the knee joint. A case report. PMID- 7040405 TI - The Bankart procedure modified by the use of prolene pull-out sutures. PMID- 7040406 TI - The evaluation of Kiel bone in spinal fusions. AB - The clinical, radiological and histological information on the fate of Kiel bone implants for anterior spinal fusion in four patients was evaluated. These implants were found to be unsatisfactory and further operations were required. Biopsies of the grafts showed that the Kiel bone was invaded by fibrous tissue but that it did not ossify or become incorporated into the underlying bone. However, it might provide temporary support to the grafted area. These findings indicate that the use of Kiel grafts does not seem to be justified in current orthopaedic practice. PMID- 7040407 TI - The use of semi-rigid carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic plates for fixation of human fractures. Results of preliminary trials. PMID- 7040408 TI - In memoriam. Cecil Wood Flemming 1902-1981. PMID- 7040409 TI - Rehabilitation after a stroke. PMID- 7040410 TI - Assessment of bony union after interbody fusion of the lumbar spine using a biplanar radiographic technique. AB - Assessment of bony union after anterior fusion of the lumbar spine has previously relied on the skilled interpretation of plain radiograph. A biplanar radiographic technique was used to measure small movements between vertebrae and to give a quantitative measure of bony union in 11 patients who had undergone interbody fusion with autogenous bone chips at one level in the lumbar spine. The investigation gave three types of results: bony union, where the fused level showed marked restriction of movement relative to the rest of the lumbar spine; paradoxical movement, where the fused joint showed marked reverse movement (when the patient flexed, the fused level of the lumbar spine extended) which was thought to be due to an anterior bony bar which caused an altered pattern of movement; and non-union, where the level of fusion showed no restriction of movement. The intervertebral joint above the level of fusion was shown to move more than the other joints in the lumbar spine. The study showed that bony union is possible with the use of autogenous cancellous bone chips, and that biplanar radiographic technique can determine the extent of union. PMID- 7040411 TI - Antibodies specific for DNA components structurally modified by chemical carcinogens. PMID- 7040412 TI - Epidermal growth factor inhibits growth of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma in serum-free cell culture. AB - A medium consisting of a rich basal nutrient mixture supplemented with bovine insulin (10 micrograms/ml), human transferrin (10 micrograms/ml), human cold insoluble globulin (5 micrograms/ml), and ethanolamine (0.5 mM) supported the growth of the A431 human epidermoid cell line in the absence of serum with a generation time equal to that of cells in serum-containing medium. Addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to this culture medium at concentration mitogenic for other cell types resulted in a marked inhibition of A431 cell growth. Inhibitory effects of EGF were observed at 1 ng/ml and near-maximal effects were observed at 10 ng/ml. The inhibitory effect of EGF could be reversed by the omission of EGF in subsequent medium changes and could be prevented by the addition of anti-EGF antibody to the culture medium. Inhibition of A431 cell growth by EGF also could be demonstrated in serum-containing medium. PMID- 7040413 TI - Association between endocrine pancreatic secretory granules and in-vitro assembled microtubules is dependent upon microtubule-associated proteins. AB - By use of dark-field light microscopy, secretory granules isolated from the anglerfish endocrine pancreas were observed to attach to and release from microtubules assembled in vitro from brain homogenates. Secretory granules only bound to microtubules assembled in the presence of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and not to microtubules assembled from purified tubulin. The addition of a MAP fraction to purified tubulin restored secretory granule binding. The secretory granules were released from MAP-containing microtubules by the addition of Mg-ATP but not by other nucleotides. The number of secretory granules bound to MAP-containing microtubules was increased in the presence of cyclic AMP. In addition to the associations of secretory granules with microtubules, MAP-containing microtubules also associated with each other. These laterally associated microtubules were dispersed by the addition of Mg-ATP. Electron micrographs confirmed that the associations between MAP-containing microtubules and secretory granules as well as the associations of microtubules with one another were mediated by the high molecular weight MAPs known to project from the surface of in-vitro-assembled microtubules. PMID- 7040414 TI - Fibronectin promotes rat Schwann cell growth and motility. AB - Techniques are now available for culturing well characterized and purified Schwann cells. Therefore, we investigated the role of fibronectin in the adhesion, growth, and migration of cultured rat Schwann cells. Double immunolabeling shows that, in primary cultures of rat sciatic nerve, Schwann cells (90%) rarely express fibronectin, whereas fibroblasts (10%) exhibit a granular cytoplasmic and fibrillar surface-associated fibronectin. Secondary cultures of purified Schwann cells do not express fibronectin. Exogenous fibronectin has a small effect on promoting the adhesion of Schwann cells to the substrate and does not significantly affect cell morphology, but it produced a surface fibrillar network on fibronectin on the secondary Schwann cells. Tritiated thymidine autoradiography revealed that addition of fibronectin to the medium, even at low concentrations, markedly stimulates Schwann cell proliferation, in both primary and secondary cultures. In addition, when cell migration was measured in a Boyden chamber assay, fibronectin was found to moderately, but clearly, stimulate directed migration or chemotaxis. PMID- 7040415 TI - Ultrastructural organization of yeast chromatin. AB - The ultrastructural organization of yeast chromatin was examined in Miller spread preparations of samples prepared from spheroplasts or isolated nuclei of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Micrographs from preparations dispersed in 1 mM Tris (pH 7.2) illustrate that the basic chromatin fiber in yeast exists in two ultrastructurally distinct conformations. The majority (up to 95%) of the chromatin displays a beaded nucleosomal organization, although adjacent nucleosomes are separated by internucleosomal linkers of variable lengths. Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) fibrils are only occasionally associated with chromatin displaying the conformation. The remaining 5-10% of the chromatin appears to be devoid of discrete nucleosomes and has a smooth contour with a fiber diameter of 30-40 A. Transcriptional units, including putative ribosomal precursor RNA genes, defined by the presence of nascent RNP fibrils are restricted to chromatin displaying this smooth morphology. Chromatin released from nuclei in the presence of 5 mM Mg++ displays higher-order chromatin fibers, 200-300 A in diameter, these fibers appear to be arranged in a manner than reflects the two forms of the basic chromatin fiber. PMID- 7040416 TI - Biochemical and morphological evidence that the insulin receptor is internalized with insulin in hepatocytes. AB - There is morphological and biochemical evidence that insulin is internalized in hepatocytes. The present study was designed to investigate the fate of the insulin receptor itself, subsequently to the initial binding step of the hormone to the hepatocyte plasma membrane. The insulin receptor was labeled with a 125I photoreactive insulin analogue (B2[2-nitro,4-azidophenylacetyl]des-PheB1 insulin). This photoprobe was covalently coupled to the receptor by UV irradiation of hepatocytes after an initial binding step of 2-4 h at 15 degrees C. At this temperature, only limited (approximately 20%) internalization of the ligand occurred. In a second step, hepatocytes were resuspended in insulin-free buffer and further incubated for 2-4 h at 37 degrees C. After h at 37 degrees C, no significant radioactivity could be detected in non-UV-irradiated cells, whereas 12-15 % of the radioactivity initially bound remained associated to UV irradiated cells. Morphological analysis after electron microscopy revealed that approximately 70% of this radioactivity was internalized and preferentially associated with lysosomal structures. SDS PAGE analysis under reducing conditions revealed that most of the radioactivity was associated with a 130,000-dalton band, previously identified as the major subunit of the insulin receptor in a variety of tissues. Internalization of the labeled insulin-receptor complex at the end of the 37 degrees C incubation was further demonstrated by its inaccessibility to trypsin. Conversely, at the end of the association step, the receptor (also characterized as a predominant 130,000-dalton species) was localized on the cell surface since it was cleaved by trypsin. We conclude that in hepatocytes the insulin receptor is internalized with insulin. PMID- 7040417 TI - Renewal and determination in leukemic blast populations. PMID- 7040418 TI - Control of growth and normal differentiation in leukemic cells: regulation of the developmental program and restoration of the normal phenotype in myeloid leukemia. AB - The origin and evolution of malignancy involves a sequence of genetic changes. Evidence has, however, been obtained with various types of tumors that malignant cells have not lost the genes that control normal growth and differentiation. An in vitro cloning and cell culture system has been developed to determine and dissect the controls that regulate normal myeloid cell growth, differentiation, and malignancy and to suggest a new approach to the therapy of myeloid leukemia based on the induction of normal differentiation in malignant cells. Experiments on induction of normal cell differentiation and restoration of the normal phenotype in myeloid leukemia by the physiological inducer of differentiation, the appropriate molecular form of the macrophage and granulocyte-inducing protein MGI, have also been used to formulate a general model for regulation of developmental programs and the origin and evolution of the malignancy. PMID- 7040419 TI - Sources and biology of regulatory factors active on mouse myeloid leukemic cells. AB - The action of serum or cells in enforcing differentiation in mouse myelomonocytic leukemic cells was monitored in agar cultures of WEHI-3B leukemic cells. The repeated intravenous injection of 5 micrograms endotoxin initially increased serum differentiating activity but after the third injection responses to further injections decreased markedly. Congenitally athymic (nude) mice exhibited normal rises in serum differentiating activity when injected with endotoxin but C3H HeJ mice failed to respond to challenge with purified lipid A. Whole body irradiation up to 1,200 rads did not increase serum differentiating activity but did not suppress responses to challenge injection of endotoxin. Coculture of WEHI-3B cells with peritoneal cells from normal or irradiated BALB/c mice caused marked granulocytic differentiation in WEHI-3B colonies. This effect was not seen if leukemic cells were cultured with thymus, spleen, or bone marrow cells. The serum halflife of the factor in postendotoxin serum enforcing differentiation of WEHI 3B cells was shown to be 1.5-2.3 hr. PMID- 7040420 TI - Cell lineages in hematopoietic neoplasia studied with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase cell markers. PMID- 7040421 TI - Stromal cell associated haemopoiesis. PMID- 7040422 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancies. AB - Allogeneic and syngeneic bone marrow transplantation has developed into an important treatment for hematologic malignancies such as acute myelogenous or lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia in accelerated phase, acute malignant myelosclerosis, and various forms of lymphoma. So far, more than 500 patients with these disorders have been transplanted at centers throughout the world. Marrow transplantation is still surrounded by several significant clinical problems. However, optimal results are obtained when marrow grafting is performed early during the clinical course of the respective disorders. PMID- 7040424 TI - Hexose transport in undifferentiated and differentiated BALB/c 3T3 preadipose cells: effects 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and insulin. PMID- 7040423 TI - Growth of human foreskin fibroblasts in a serum-free, defined medium without platelet-derived growth factor. AB - The hormones which support growth, in vitro, of normal, neonatal human foreskin fibroblasts were determined. Whereas thrombin and hydrocortisone were major growth stimulants, platelet-derived growth factor was not. Human foreskin fibroblasts grew in a serum-free, biochemically defined medium consisting of epidermal growth factor (100 ng/ml), insulin (100 ng/ml), transferrin 10 micrograms/ml), thrombin (1 microgram/ml), ascorbic acid (10 micrograms/ml), and hydrocortisone (5 x 10(-5) M) in a 1:1 mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and Ham's F-12, supplemented with ovalbumin (1 mg/ml) and trace elements. The growth achieved was comparable to that achieved with 5% fetal bovine serum. Neither platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, nor somatomedin activity increased proliferation. This serum-free medium, designated Defined Medium F, provides a biochemically defined system for growth and limited subcultivation of human foreskin fibroblasts in vitro. PMID- 7040425 TI - Transformation-dependent loss of the hyaluronate-containing coats of cultured cells. AB - The sizes of hyaluronate-containing coats on the surfaces of parent and virus transformed cell lines (3T3 vs. SV-3T3; BHK vs. PY-BHK) were compared according to the method of Clarris and Fraser (1968, Exp. Cell Res., 49: 181-193) in which fixed red blood cells were allowed to settle slowly on the surface of culture dishes containing the cells. The coats were seen as areas devoid of red blood cells surrounding each of the cultured cells and could be destroyed by the addition of small amounts of streptomyces hyaluronidase, an enzyme specific for hyaluronate. In the case of the parent cell lines (3T3 and BHK), the coats were clearly visible, whereas for their virus-transformed counterparts (SV-3T3 and PY BHK), the coats were either greatly reduced or absent. To confirm these observations, the amount of hyaluronate associated with each of the cell lines was measured using a direct chemical assay and shown to be significantly greater for the parent cell lines than for their virus-transformed counterparts. In addition, the parent cell lines secreted greater amounts of hyaluronate into the medium and retained a larger fraction of the total amount of hyaluronate at the cell surface than the virus-transformed cells. Thus the larger amount of hyaluronate on the surfaces of the parent cell types may be the result of both a faster rate of production and a decreased rate of release. PMID- 7040426 TI - Plasminogen activator: the major secreted neutral protease of cultured skeletal muscle cells. AB - Clonal mouse skeletal muscle cells which differentiate in culture and form synapses with neuronal cells were found to secrete high levels of protease activity as measured with an 125I-fibrin assay. The secreted proteolytic activity was more than 90% dependent upon the presence of plasminogen in the medium, and had a pH optimum at 7 to 8. This activity was not inhibited by n-ethylmaleimide, pepstatin, EDTA, or EGTA. At millimolar concentrations, greater than 90% inhibition was obtained with either soybean trypsin inhibitor, epsilon aminocaproic acid, Trasylol, or leupeptin. Almost complete inhibition occurred with 1 mM diisopropylfluorophosphate suggesting the presence of a serine residue at the catalytic site. In contrast to the high levels of secreted activity, a lower steady-state level of cell-associated protease activity was detected in cell lysates. The high level of plasminogen activator secreted into the medium of cultured muscle cells suggests a role for such extracellular protease activity in myogenesis during development and remodeling following muscle injury. Such information may be useful in understanding the initial degeneration of neuromuscular contacts in experimental and pathologic denervation. PMID- 7040427 TI - Clonal growth of normal human epidermal keratinocytes in a defined medium. AB - Colony formation by normal human epidermal keratinocytes (HK) has been achieved in a medium that contains no deliberately added undefined supplements. The term "defined" is used to describe this medium, although the possibility that trace contaminants in its components could be contributing to the multiplication that it supports cannot yet be ruled out completely. The defined medium consists of a basal medium, MCDB 152, supplemented with 5 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF), 10 micrograms/ml transferrin, 5 micrograms/ml insulin, 1.4 X 10(-6) M hydrocortisone, 1.0 X 10(-5) Methanolamine, 1.0 X 10(-5) M phosphoethanolamine, and 2.0 X 10(-9) M progesterone. MCDB 152 differs from MCDB 151, previously developed for multiplication of HK with small amounts of dialyzed serum (Peehl and Ham, 1980b), only by addition of the trace element mixture from human fibroblast medium MCDB 104 (McKeehan et al., 1977). Most of the requirement for transferrin, which is the least defined component of the defined medium, can be replaced by adding freshly dissolved and sterilized ferrous sulfate to the final medium after it has been filter sterilized. Insulin and EGF are clearly needed for optimal multiplication and hydrocortisone is mildly beneficial. Either ethanolamine or phosphoethanolamine must be present in the defined medium for HK multiplication. There is a greater need for EGF and less for hydrocortisone in the defined medium than in previous partially defined systems that we have worked with. Very large colonies of flattened epithelial cells are obtained in the defined medium, which has a low calcium concentration (0.03 mM) and does not favor keratinocyte differentiation. Less growth and more differentiation are obtained with higher calcium concentrations. The defined medium is highly selective for keratinocyte growth from a mixed inoculum of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. PMID- 7040428 TI - Studies on the mechanisms involved in multistage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. PMID- 7040429 TI - Immunochemical analysis of discoidins I and II at the cell surface in wild type and aggregation-defective mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - The endogenous lectins discoidins I and II are believed to be primary components of the morphogenetic cell cohesion system of D discoideum. We have developed two immunochemical methods to analyze the association of the discoidins with the cell surface. One method is a two-state specific antibody binding assay in which intact cells are incubated on ice with rabbit serum (either control serum or antidiscoidin I and II), washed, then incubated with 125I-Protein A. Specific antibody binding is defined as the difference between percent radioactivity bound with antidiscoidin versus control serum during the first stage. Substantial specific binding was observed with developed A3 cells but not with vegetative cells, and nearly all of the activity could be removed by preadsorption of the antiserum with discoidin-Sepharose. As a complementary method, quantitative immunoadsorption analysis was performed in which we tested the ability of intact cells to remove antibodies reactive with purified 125I-discoidin I or II. Developed cells, but not vegetative cells, were capable of adsorbing antibodies reactive with discoidin I as well as those reactive with discoidin II. This represents the first demonstration that both lectins are present on the surface of cohesive cells. These procedures, coupled with other methods to analyze soluble discoidin in cell extracts, were used to study discoidin expression in wild type cells and in two newly isolated aggregation-defective mutants. Strain EB-32 fails to aggregate and displays little or no discoidin in cell extracts or at the cell surface. On the other hand, strain EB-18 forms loose amorphous mounds, and expresses substantial quantities of the discoidins, both in cell extracts and at the cell surface. These mutants should prove valuable in studying the organization and regulation of discoidins I and II at the surface of aggregating cells. PMID- 7040430 TI - Evidence for the functional association of enzyme I and HPr of the phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase system with the membrane in sealed vesicles of Escherichia coli. AB - Several independent assay procedures were used to estimate the activities of the enzyme constituents of the phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) in osmotically shocked bacterial membrane vesicles. The soluble enzymes of the system were found to be in association with the membrane by several criteria. Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphorylation was catalyzed by this membrane-bound enzyme system far more efficiently than by a mixture of the individual enzymes at corresponding concentrations. By contrast, the rates of the phosphoryl exchange reactions catalyzed by enzyme I and the enzyme II complexes were essentially the same for the associated and dissociated forms of the system. Functional association of the PTS-enzyme complex was stabilized by Mg++ and phosphoenolypyruvate and could be destroyed by detergent treatment, sonication, or by passage of the vesicle preparation through a French pressure cell. These results lead to the possibility that in the intact bacterial cell the soluble enzymes of the phosphotransferase system exist, in part, as peripheral membrane constituents associated with the integral membrane enzyme II complexes. PMID- 7040431 TI - Regulation of lactose transport by the phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase system in membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli. AB - Regulation of lactose uptake by the phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) has been demonstrated in membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli strain ML 308-225. Substrates of the phosphotransferase system inhibited D lactate energized uptake of lactose but did not inhibit uptake of either L alanine or L-proline. This inhibition was reversed by intravesicular (but not extravesicular) phosphoenolpyruvate. Lactose uptake was also inhibited by enzyme IIIglc preparations that were shocked into the vesicles, and this inhibition was reversed by phosphoenolpyruvate. Intravesicular HPr and enzyme I stimulated methyl alpha-glycoside uptake but did not inhibit or stimulate lactose accumulation. Vesicles maintained at 0 degree C for several days partially lost 1) the ability to take up lactose, 2) the ability to accumulate PTS substrates, and 3) PTS-mediated regulation. Phosphoenolpyruvate addition restored all of these activities. These results support a mechanism in which the relative proportions of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms of a phosphotransferase constituent regulate the activity of the lactose permease. PMID- 7040432 TI - Repair responses to DNA damage: enzymatic pathways in E coli and human cells. PMID- 7040433 TI - Changes in the expression of membrane antigens during the differentiation of chicken erythroblasts. AB - Chicken erythroblasts can be transformed by the avian retrovirus, avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV). Earlier studies have shown that the mechanism of transformation appears to involve a "block" in differentiation, in that when erythroblasts are transformed by a temperature-sensitive mutant of ts34 AEV and incubated at the nonpermissive temperature, the cells start to differentiate and produce hemoglobin. We have decided to use this system to isolate pure populations of chicken erythroblasts and raise monoclonal antibodies against their cell surface proteins. Three monoclonal antibodies were isolated and tested for their ability to bind to various hematopoietic cell types; two were shown to be erythroid-specific, whereas the other antibody bound to proliferating cells but not to erythrocytes or granulocytes. Of the erythroid-specific antibodies, one precipitated a 94,000 molecular weight protein, whereas the other precipitated a 11,000 molecular weight protein that was tentatively identified as hemoglobin. The use of this system and approach to identify and evaluate changes that occur during the differentiation is discussed. PMID- 7040435 TI - Preparation of personal bibliographies using a large computing facility. AB - Large modern computing facilities, which normally include text editing, sorting, and searching, are now available to most scientists. Such features are invaluable for a personal bibliography, which may be prepared according to the taste of the user. Our method requires only that the references be less than or equal to 120 or 240 characters (spaces) in length. The references may be written randomly, in which case searching is performed for retrieval, with some order, when searching and sorting may be used for retrieval, or with extensive order, when, in addition, indexes may be prepared by a single command. Two bibliographies with extensive order are described. Suggestions for starting a bibliography by those unfamiliar with computers are given in the Appendix. PMID- 7040434 TI - Structural characteristics of the short-tail fibers of T4 bacteriophage. AB - The characteristics of pure preparations of short-tail fibers of bacteriophage T4 have been studied in the optical and electron microscope. Three main structures were observed: 1) spheres of 8.1 nm diameter; 2) fibers 43 nm long and 3.8 nm thick; and 3) fibers 54 nm long and 3.2 nm thick. Both types of fibers exhibited a regular beaded appearance. The 43-nm fibers were the most abundant structure. During the process of purification of the short-tail fibers, the formation of aggregates was observed each time the material containing the short-tail fibers was dialyzed against saline solutions. These aggregates became increasingly fibrous (as observed in the optical microscope) as the material used was increasingly enriched in short-tail fibers. Finally, most of the aggregates were of the fibrous type when they were formed from a purified preparation of short tail fibers. In the electron microscope, it was found that the filamentous aggregates were organized in well-defined bundles. The amino acid composition of the highly purified short-tail fibers was also determined. Among the known fibrous proteins, the ones that most resemble the amino acid composition of the short-tail fibers are actin and fibrinogen. These observations are discussed in relation to the T4 short-tail fiber structure and their localization on the hexagonal baseplate of the T4 tail structure. PMID- 7040436 TI - Paternal influences on early socio-emotional development. PMID- 7040437 TI - Jean Piaget - 1896-1979. PMID- 7040438 TI - Risk factors for cervical cancer. AB - Despite a long history of research into the epidemiology and biology of cervical carcinoma, a definitive statement about its probable causes still remains elusive. This review recognizes the population based data on high and low risk groups and summarizes the findings from numerous case-control studies which have explored the marital, sexual and reproductive factors associated with cervical cancer. Although vigorously pursued, an increased risk from oral contraceptives has not been convincingly demonstrated. A variety of venereally transmitted organisms appear to be frequent cohabitants with cervical neoplastic cells. Herpesvirus type 2 still remains the prime suspect in the complex pathogenesis of cervical neoplasia. Clinical findings, biological characteristics of the virus, serological studies and interactions of host cells and viral particles continue to stimulate the most intensive investigative efforts. PMID- 7040439 TI - The C1 esterase inhibitor and hereditary angioedema. PMID- 7040440 TI - Thymus-dependent lymphocytes in leprosy. II. Effect of chemotherapy on T lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - The basis of the immunological unresponsiveness seen in leprosy patients is unknown. Untreated lepromatous leprosy patients display an unspecific cellular anergy which disappears with treatment, leaving an anergy specific for Mycobacterium leprae. These patients suffer from a complication, erythema nodosum leprosum, characterized by a recurrent eruption of tender skin nodules disappearing in 2 to 3 days. These nodules show a histological picture reminiscent of an Arthus reaction. Erythema nodosum leprosum can occur in untreated patients but it is more frequent in those receiving effective chemotherapy, and this has been thought to be due to massive release of antigen from the bacilli. By using monoclonal antibodies detecting different subpopulations of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes, we have shown that both borderline lepromatous leprosy patients had increased circulating suppressor cells (P less than 0.001) while the total number of T cells was within the normal range. The suppressor-cell population decreased with the duration of treatment, the change being evident at as early as 21 days. Five patients developed erythema nodosum leprosum during the study period. In all these patients the number of suppressor cells was decreased prior to the complication, increasing to original values with clinical recovery from this syndrome. There was no significant effect on T-lymphocyte subpopulations during chemotherapy of borderline tuberculoid leprosy patients. It seems that antileprosy chemotherapy precipitates erythema nodosum leprosum by interfering with immunoregulatory T cells. PMID- 7040441 TI - Spatiotemporal patterns of fibronectin distribution during embryonic development. II. Chick branchial arches. AB - It has recently been demonstrated with the chick limb in ovo that successive nonrandom patterns of fluorescent staining with specific antibodies to fibronectin indicate the cartilagenous primordia prior to overt chondrogenesis. Given the apparent nonequivalence of embryonic cartilages, the purpose of this study was to determine whether this phenomenon was unique to developing chick limbs or is a more general characteristic of chondrogenesis. The appearance and distribution of fibronectin during chick first and second branchial arch development in ovo was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence techniques in H.H. stages 15-26. Fibronectin can be detected in early stages in areas presumed to be composed mainly of ectomesenchyme. During later stages of development, successive nonrandom patterns of fibronectin distribution appear to precede overt chondrogenesis as demonstrated by alcian blue staining. Pretreatment of cartilage with testicular hyaluronidase, prior to fibronectin staining, revealed that fibronectin was still present, suggesting that it was masked by proteoglycans. Fibronectin was also detected in the developing membrane bones of the mandible. The nonrandom patterning of fibronectin distribution in ovo in chick branchial arches and limb buds, respectively derived from neural crest and somatic mesoderm, were similar. It appears that specific patterns of fibronectin distribution were characteristic of chondrogenesis, regardless of the embryonic origin of the cartilage. This phenomenon may prove to be an extremely useful probe for early developmental skeletal abnormalities. PMID- 7040443 TI - Evaluation of the rapid penicillinase paper strip test for detection of beta lactamase. AB - The penicillin-starch paper strip method was compared with the acidometric and iodometric methods for assaying beta-lactamase production, using fresh isolates of clinically important bacteria. Results obtained by the three methods were compared for rapidity, accuracy, and stability of reagents. Of the 210 isolates tested by the paper strip method, 301 isolates tested by the acidometric method, and 117 isolates tested by the iodometric method, all were in perfect agreement with the disk diffusion susceptibility test except one strain each of Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The H. influenzae isolate was penicillin resistant and failed to give a positive test for beta-lactamase in all three tests. The staphylococci (intermediate and resistant in susceptibility, respectively) failed to give a positive test for beta-lactamase with the iodometric method. The results of the paper strip method, in which 3,241 strains representing nine species of bacteria were used, correlated completely with disk susceptibility tests except for 2 and 69 strains, respectively, of penicillin-resistant, beta-lactamase-negative H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae. The results of this study indicate that the paper strip method is accurate, simple to perform, extremely economical, and uses materials that are stable when stored frozen. It is eminently suitable for routine laboratory use. PMID- 7040442 TI - Solid-phase fluoroimmunoassay for treponemal antibody. AB - An objective, solid-phase fluoroimmunoassay for treponemal antibody was developed with a lysate of virulent Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) adsorbed on cellulose acetate disks. A probe containing both the antigen and control disks is inserted successively into a serum specimen dilution, a buffer rinse, fluoroscein isothiocyanate-conjugated goat anti-human immunoglobulin G, and a second buffer rinse. Fluorescence signal units are measured with a fluorometer. To establish test calibration curves, the corrected fluorescence values (antigen disk minus control) of reference sera are plotted against indirect fluorescent treponemal antibody test titers. The corrected fluorescence values obtained for 62 sera reactive in the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test ranged from 64 to 178; values for 66 nonreactive sera ranged from 20 to 46. Thus, the solid-phase fluoroimmunoassay for treponemal antibody clearly separated specimens from patients with documented primary, secondary, or latent disease from fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption-nonreactive sera. The test is technically simple and produces an objective quantitative result. PMID- 7040444 TI - Effect of gaseous conditions on isolation and growth of Ureaplasma urealyticum on agar. AB - Five laboratory-adapted strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum showed comparable colony counts when incubated in eight gaseous environments including air, in different concentrations of carbon dioxide, and under anaerobiosis. For primary isolation on genital mycoplasma agar 95% N2-5% CO2 gave 100% correlation with growth in bromothymol blue broth, whereas certain strains failed to grow on agar incubated in air, the TABCO2 system (Lab-Tek Division, Miles Laboratories, Ltd., Rexdale, Canada), 100% CO2, or under anaerobiosis. PMID- 7040445 TI - Differentiation of Haemophilus spp. in Respiratory isolate cultures by an indole spot test. AB - Indole spot tests using isolated, nonhemolytic colonies of Haemophilus species were positive for 90 of 151 (60%) respiratory isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, whereas 67 to 72 (93%) isolates of H. influenzae from cerebrospinal fluid and blood specimens were indole positive. Only 4 of 117 (3%) Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolates were positive for indole spot tests. Thus, indole positive, nonhemolytic Haemophilus isolates in respiratory cultures can be presumptively identified as H. influenzae. PMID- 7040446 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Salmonella typhi Vi antigen in urine from typhoid patients. AB - Because typhoid fever continues to be a major cause of illness in many developing countries, there is a clear need for a sensitive and specific test that will permit rapid laboratory diagnosis of the disease. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has recently been developed and tested, both in the laboratory and in a clinical situation, for its ability to detect Vi antigen in urine. The ELISA was capable of detecting as little as 1 ng of purified Vi antigen per ml in urine, compared with 100 ng/ml detectable by a previously tested coagglutination method. It could also detect antigen in urine diluted as much as 1:1,024 in normal urine. In tests of urine specimens from six stool culture-positive persons in a small typhoid outbreak in the United States, the ELISA detected antigen in specimens from four of the six patients. The ELISA also proved to be specific, giving no false-positive results for specimens from 50 persons who did not have typhoid fever. The apparent high sensitivity and specificity of this ELISA make it a promising test for rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever. PMID- 7040447 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibody to Treponema hyodysenteriae antigens. AB - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated and compared with the microtitration agglutination test for the detection of swine antibody to Treponema hyodysenteriae lipopolysaccharide antigens. Cells of T. hyodysenteriae serotypes 1 and 2 were extracted with hot phenol-water (68 degrees C). The lipopolysaccharide fraction from the aqueous phase was coated on plastic wells at concentrations of 1 micrograms (serotype 1) and 10 micrograms (serotype 2) of carbohydrate per ml. The ELISA was serotype specific when lipopolysaccharide antigens were reacted against sera from convalescent swine. Seroconversion of infected pigs was detectable with the ELISA within 1 to 2 weeks postinoculation and with the microtitration agglutination test 2 to 3 weeks postinoculation. Antibody titers could be detected in convalescent pigs as long as 19 weeks postinoculation by the ELISA and 12 to 13 weeks postinoculation by the microtitration agglutination test. Therefore, the ELISA may be useful for the detection of asymptomatic carriers. PMID- 7040448 TI - Rapid automated identification of gram-negative bacilli from blood cultures with the AutoMicrobic system. AB - Automated identification of gram-negative bacilli directly from blood culture bottles by using the AutoMicrobic System (AMS) was evaluated with a modified procedure for the AMS Enterobacteriaceae-plus nonfermenter identification card. A total of 150 strains were tested (44 clinical and 106 seeded) and compared with a conventional identification procedure. These strains included 107 Enterobacteriaceae and 43 oxidase-positive or glucose-nonfermenting, or both, organisms. AMS identifications on one of these strains were not interpretable owing to equal probability AMS identification values. Of the remaining 149 strains, 138 (92.6%) were correctly identified within 8 to 13 h of the first reading. Of 69 identifications analyzed after 6 h of incubation, 91% were correct. This procedure was found to be rapid, convenient, and nonlabor intensive and is recommended for presumptive identification of gram-negative bacilli in blood cultures. PMID- 7040449 TI - Legionella jordanis: a new species of Legionella isolated from water and sewage. AB - Legionella jordanis sp. nov., as found in two cultures, is described. One isolate was from river water in Indiana and the other isolate was from sewage in DeKalb County, Ga. The former is the type strain of the species, and is designated BL 540 (ATCC 33623). L. jordanis had a partial relationship to L. bozemanii by direct fluorescent-antibody tests but was unrelated to L. pneumophila, L. dumoffii, L. micdadei, L. gormanii, or L. longbeachae. Legionella phenotypic characteristics, including large amounts of branched-chain cellular fatty acids, were shown by the isolates. Studies of DNA relatedness showed that the two cultures of L. jordanis were only slightly related to the six previously described species of Legionella but were more than 90% related to each other. Indirect fluorescent-antibody tests with human sera suggested that unrecognized human infections with L. jordanis may be occurring. PMID- 7040450 TI - GM1 ganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of heat-labile enterotoxin produced by human and porcine Escherichia coli strains. AB - Human and porcine enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli were cultivated in tryptone-yeast extract medium or brain heart infusion broth and tested for production of heat-labile enterotoxin by the GM1 ganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GM1-ELISA) and the Y1 adrenal cell assay. When testing for enterotoxigenicity by the GM1-ELISA technique, homologous antisera for human and porcine heat-labile enterotoxins had to be used to detect enterotoxigenic strains of human and porcine origin, respectively. This observation indicates a serological difference between the heat-labile enterotoxins produced by human and porcine strains. Furthermore, brain heart infusion broth was found to have an inhibitory effect on detection of enterotoxin both in the GM1-ELISA and in a toxin-binding modification of the Y1 adrenal cell test, but not in the conventional adrenal cell assay. PMID- 7040451 TI - Evaluation of the AutoMicrobic system for identification of glucose-nonfermenting gram-negative rods. AB - With the Enterobacteriaceae Plus Biochemical Card, the AutoMicrobic system (Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) is purported to identify members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and seven species of glucose-nonfermenting gram-negative rods: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. maltophilia, P. cepacia, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (saccharolytic and non-saccharolytic). The latter capability was examined in this investigation. Of 410 glucose-nonfermenting rods included in the identification profile, the AutoMicrobic system correctly identified 366 (89.3%). Of 62 glucose-nonfermenting organisms not included in the identification profile, 41 (66%) were correctly reported as "unidentified organism." The usefulness of the AutoMicrobic system-generated identification probability in establishing criteria for acceptance of identification is discussed. PMID- 7040452 TI - Two rapid pigmentation tests for identification of Cryptococcus neoformans. AB - Two tests were developed for the rapid identification of Cryptococcus neoformans based on pigment produced by the organism's phenoloxidase activity. Caffeic acid was incorporated into cornmeal agar, a medium used routinely for yeast identification. When tested on this medium, only C. neoformans isolates produced brown pigment. All other yeasts maintained their normal morphology and did not produce the reaction product. A non-medium-based test was developed for same-day identification of C. neoformans isolates. Paper strips saturated with a buffered L-beta-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-ferric citrate solution were inoculated with isolates and incubated at 37 degrees C. Pigment production occurred only with C. neoformans isolates, many within 60 to 90 min. All other yeasts remained negative. PMID- 7040454 TI - Use of a hemadsorption technique to evaluate the stability of the hemagglutination reaction of Escherichia coli cultures possessing human colonization factor antigens. AB - Two strains of Escherichia coli, producing different colonization factor antigens (CFA), were monitored for the population density of CFA-producing bacteria after repeated subculture. The production of CFA was estimated by flooding agar plates containing isolated colonies with suspensions of human or bovine erythrocytes. The erythrocytes were suspended in a low-ionic-strength buffer and were fixed to CFA-positive colonies with a 1.0% tannic acid solution. Strain H-10407, possessing CFA/I fimbriae, showed a rapid loss of the hemagglutinin when subcultured, whereas strain CL-9699, producing CFA/II, was very stable. By using the hemadsorption assay, we could rapidly and easily distinguish CFA- positive colonies from the CFA-negative variants. A survey of additional E. coli strains demonstrated the utility and specificity of the hemadsorption technique used. PMID- 7040455 TI - Blood culture cross contamination associated with a radiometric analyzer. AB - During a 9-day period in August 1980 in a New Jersey hospital, three pairs of consecutively numbered blood cultures from different patients were identified as positive for the same organism (two pairs of Klebsiella pneumoniae and one pair of group A Streptococcus), for each pair, both cultures were positive in the same atmosphere, both organisms had the same sensitivities, and the second of each pair grew at least 2 days after the first and was the only positive blood culture obtained from the patient. When the hospital laboratory discontinued use of its radiometric culture analyzer for 15 days, no more consecutive pairs of positive cultures occurred. Subsequent use of the machine for 9 days with a new power unit but the original circuit boards resulted in one more similar consecutive pair (Staphylococcus epidermidis). After replacement of the entire power unit, there were no further such pairs. Examination of the machine by the manufacturer revealed a defective circuit board which resulted in inadequate needle sterilization. Laboratories which utilize radiometric analyzers should be aware of the potential for cross contamination. Recognition of such events requires alert microbiologists and infection control practitioners and a record system in the bacteriology laboratory designed to identify such clusters. PMID- 7040453 TI - Rapid identification of Bacteroides gingivalis. AB - Rapid colorimetric tests for trypsin and alpha-glucosidase are described for use in the identification of Bacteroides gingivalis from dental plaque. PMID- 7040456 TI - Identification of Enterobacteriaceae by the automicrobic system: Enterobacteriaceae biochemical cards versus Enterobacteriaceae-plus biochemical cards. AB - Enterobacteriaceae Biochemical Cards (EBC) may be used in the AutoMicrobic system for identification of enteric bacilli. Recently, the card has been modified to permit identification of enteric and certain nonenteric bacilli. Also, minor modifications have been in the computer program used for interpretation of tests with the new cards (EBC+). The two types of cards (EBC and EBC+) were tested in parallel and found to be in agreement with 97% of 650 Enterobacteriaceae. Most of the discrepancies were resolved when selected strains were retested on 3 separate days. A lack of absolute reproducibility with either system was demonstrated and explained most of the initial discrepancies. Approximately 97% of the AutoMicrobic system identifications agreed with those obtained from standard reference methods, after equivocal AutoMicrobic system results (P less than 0.80) were excluded. Equivocal responses occurred with 4% of our EBC tests and 7% of our EBC+ tests; additional tests are needed before such strains can be identified with confidence. PMID- 7040457 TI - Sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the automicrobic system (with the Enterobacteriaceae-plus biochemical card) for identifying clinical isolates of Gram- negative bacilli. AB - Two independent laboratories tested 1,743 clinical isolates by using the Enterobacteriaceae-plus Biochemical Card in the AutoMicrobic system (AMS) and identical standard reference methods. Included were 55 isolates representing 11 species that cannot be identified by the enterobacteriaceae-plus Biochemical Card computer program; 3 or these isolates were incorrectly identified as Pseudomonas cepacia. With the other 1,688 isolates, 5% of the AMS identifications were considered to be equivocal (probability value, less than 0.80), and the remaining test were 97% accurate (sensitive), Difficulty was observed in the ability of the AMS to identify some H2S-negative Citrobacter freundii species. An AMS response of P. cepacia was also considered nonspecific, because several other organisms were misidentified at P. cepacia. Reproducibility of the system was documented by testing 125 strains on 3-separate days; only 6 strains produced significantly variable results. The AMS (with the Enterobacteriaceae-plus Biochemical Card) was a very satisfactory, automated system for accurately identifying most gram negative bacilli within 8 to 13 h. PMID- 7040458 TI - Spot indole test: evaluation of four reagents. AB - Kovacs indole reagent, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, Ehrlich indole reagent and p dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde were used as spot indole reagents to test 359 strains of gram-negative rods growing on 5% sheep blood agar, Trypticase soy agar (BBL Microbiology Systems), and MacConkey agar. The p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde reagent was the most sensitive of those tested and provided results that were easiest to interpret. The p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde reagent was able to detect providencia alcalifaciens indole production because of the red-violet color unique to that organism. All reagents tested were accurate in detecting indole produced by members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, with the exception of P. alcalifaciens. PMID- 7040460 TI - Evaluation of the microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with Treponema pallidum antigen. AB - Whole-cell sonicates of Treponema pallidum, Nichols strain, were evaluated in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) for syphilis, and results were read in a Dynatek Microelisa Reader. The antigen was evaluated with sera from patients with syphilis, persons presumed normal, and biological false-positives. Two hundred and ninety-seven sera were tested by the ELISA with T. pallidum antigens, the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) slide test, the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-Abs) test, and the microhemagglutination assay for T. pallidum antibodies (MHA-TP). The results of all of the tests were compared. The ELISA, with 89.3% sensitivity, was less sensitive than the VDRL (93.3%) and FTA-Abs (100.0%) tests but more sensitive than the MHA-TP (76.0%). THe ELISA was considerably more sensitive in primary syphilis than the MHA-TP. Specificity was as follows: ELISA, 98.5%; FTA-Abs test, 97.8%; MHA-TP, 98.2%; and VDRL test, 92.7%. The ELISA has good potential as a confirmatory test in the serodiagnosis of syphilis. PMID- 7040459 TI - Urine culture transport tubes: effect of sample volume on bacterial toxicity of the preservative. AB - Stable bacterial counts in urine specimens before culture are necessary to assure the accurate diagnosis of urinary tract infections. Preservative-containing tubes are commercially available for urine transport. As these tube containers are not always filled to the manufacturer's specifications, we studied the effects of stabilizer formation with low urine volumes. The Sage Urine Culture Tube and the Becton-Dickinson Urine Culture Kit were evaluated by using 30 cultures diluted in urine to 10(5) colony-forming units per ml. Both tube types were injected with 1, 2, 3, and 4 to 5 ml (tube capacity) of urine containing each culture. Specimens were held at 22 degrees C and cultured at 0, 4, and 24 h. Colony counts were corrected for the dilution due to the preservative. The Becton-Dickinson Urine Culture Kits were toxic to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in specimens containing up to 2 ml of urine, and the minimum usable amount of urine for reliable results was 3 ml. The Sage Urine Culture Tube maintained the number of bacteria in 1 to 4.5 ml of urine in 83% of the specimens. However, the Sage tube was toxic to E. coli when held for 24 h. Quantitative counts of enterococci tended to significantly increase in specimens that contained 2 ml or more of urine with either system. The limitation of preservative-containing tubes for urine transport need to be recognized in order to avoid false-positive and false negative results. PMID- 7040461 TI - Increased bactericidal activity of dilute preparations of povidone-iodine solutions. AB - Recent confirmation of intrinsic bacterial contamination of 10% povidone-iodine solution has raised questions regarding the bactericidal mechanism of iodophors and the possibility for survival of vegetative bacterial cells in iodophor solutions. In this laboratory investigation, five different species were exposed to various dilutions of three commercial preparations of 10% povidone-iodine solution; survival was assessed after exposure for time periods varying between 0 and 8 min. All brands of povidone-iodine solution tested demonstrated more rapid killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium chelonei at dilutions of 1:2, 1:4, 1:10, 1:50, and 1:100 than did the stock solutions, S. aureus survived a 2 min exposure to full-strength povidone-iodine solution but did not survive a 15-s exposure to a 1:100 dilution of the iodophor. Both stock and dilute preparations of 10% povidone-iodine solution demonstrated rapid bactericidal action against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas cepacia, and Streptococcus mitis. PMID- 7040462 TI - Use of the automicrobic and enteric-tek systems for identification of Enterobacteriaceae. AB - Studies were performed to evaluate the use of the Enteric-Tek (ET) and the AutoMicrobic system (AMS) for the identification of 201 Enterobacteriaceae freshly isolated from clinical specimens. All test systems were inoculated simultaneously from the same MacConkey agar plate. Organisms were also identified with conventional media. Identifications with the ET and AMS agreed with those made with conventional biochemicals 97% of the time. At a 95% confidence level, the ET was able to identify 75% of the isolates within 18 h without the aid of additional biochemical tests; the AMS identified 92% in 8 h. Technologist time needed for identifications made with the AMS was reduced approximately 57% compared with the ET. In all instances in which the AMS identification disagreed with the conventional, the ET identified the organism correctly. Similarly, organisms misidentified by the ET were correctly identified by the AMS. The data suggest that the AMS and ET identify clinical isolates with comparable accuracy; however, the AMS offers a significant savings in time. PMID- 7040463 TI - Comparative measurement of equine influenza virus antibodies in horse sera by single radial hemolysis, neutralization, and hemagglutination inhibition tests. AB - Single radial hemolysis (SRH), neutralization (NT), and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests were carried out on sera from horses immunized against the Prague and Miami strains of equine influenza virus. The HI and NT tests demonstrated good sensitivity; the sensitivity of the SRH test was somewhat lower. The NT titers of individual sera were correlated very closely with the HI titers, although the NT titers were higher. SRH zone diameters of individual sera also showed significant correlation with the NT and NI titers. The SRH test appears to be suitable for large-scale serological surveys and offers the advantages of rapidity and simplicity. PMID- 7040464 TI - Safety considerations in handling exoantigen extracts from pathogenic fungi. AB - Currently, exoantigen test procedures for identifying mycelial form cultures of pathogenic molds require that the fungi being extracted be treated with thimerosal to render them safe for handling. Recent studies have demonstrated that thimerosal may not be fungicidal. In view of these reports, we investigated the effects of thimerosal and formaldehyde on a variety of exoantigen preparations. Mature mycelial form fungal cultures, including cultures of Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, and Histoplasma capsulatum and morphologically similar fungi, were grown on Sabouraud dextrose agar slants and treated with 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08% thimerosal for 24 and 48 h and with 0.2 and 0.5% formaldehyde for 24 and 48 h. We found that 0.5% formaldehyde killed all of the fungi studied, whereas 0.2% formaldehyde permitted the growth of only one fungus; 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08% thimerosal were fungistatic. Furthermore, 0.2 and 0.5% formaldehyde and 0.08% thimerosal affected certain antigens adversely. For those investigators who prefer to use 0.02% thimerosal and to work with sterile extracts, we recommend that the procedure be modified, and we advocate sterilization of extracts by passage through membrane filters. PMID- 7040465 TI - Evaluation of fluorescent antinuclear antibody assays, Crithidia luciliae substrate, and single-stranded DNA-binding capacity in diagnosis of four rheumatic diseases. AB - Sera from groups of patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and progressive systemic sclerosis and normal controls were compared, using different antinuclear antibody assays. Hep II cells, used as a substrate for the detection of antinuclear antibodies, appeared to be more sensitive than rat liver substrate. In addition, the fluorescent patterns were easier to identify on Hep-II cells. All systemic lupus erythematosus sera with antibodies reactive with kinetoplasts of Crithidia luciliae had binding greater than 43% for single-stranded DNA. Based on the high sensitivity of the Hep-II substrate and the relative specificity of high (greater than 43%) binding for single stranded DNA by sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, it appears that these two tests are most useful in differential diagnosis and for the detection of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7040466 TI - Atypical biogroups of Escherichia coli found in clinical specimens and description of Escherichia hermannii sp. nov. AB - DNA relatedness was used to define the biochemical boundaries of Escherichia coli. A large number of biochemically atypical strains were shown to belong to biogroups of E. coli. These included strains negative in reactions for indole, all three decarboxylases, D-mannitol, lactose, or methyl red and strains positive in reactions for H2S, urea, citrate, KCN, adonitol, myo-inositol, or phenylalanine deaminase. Frequency and source data are presented for these atypical E. coli biogroups. One group of KCN-positive, cellobiose-positive, yellow-pigmented strains was 84 to 91% interrelated but only 35 to 45% related to E. coli. The name Escherichia hermannii sp. nov. is proposed for this group of organisms that was formerly called Enteric Group 11 by the Enteric Section, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA. Twenty-nine strains of E. hermannii have been isolated in the United States from a variety of clinical sources, principally wounds, sputum, and stools. Three additional strains were isolated from food. E. hermannii strains are gram-negative, oxidase-negative, fermentative, motile rods. In addition to yellow pigment and positive KCN and cellobiose tests, the biochemical reactions characteristic of 32 strains of E. hermannii were as follows: gas from D-glucose, acid from D-glucose, maltose, D xylose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, and D-mannitol; no acid from adonitol or inositol; variable acid production from lactose and sucrose; positive tests for indole, methyl red, and mucate; negative tests for Voges-Proskauer. Simmons citrate, H2S, urea, phenylalanine deaminase, and gelatin hydrolysis; negative or delayed test for L-lysine decarboxylase and negative test for L-arginine dihydrolase; and positive test for ornithine decarboxylase. E. hermannii strains were resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, and carbenicillin and sensitive to other commonly used antibiotics. Wounds account for almost 50% of human isolates of E. hermannii, followed by sputum or lung isolates (ca. 25%) and stool isolates (20%). PMID- 7040467 TI - Pneumonia and bacteremia caused by a previously undescribed Moraxella-like bacterium. AB - Immunocompromised patients are frequently subject to unusual infections. We recently treated a renal allograft recipient for pneumonia due to a hitherto undescribed Moraxella-like bacterium which most closely resembles M-5. M-5 has previously been associated in humans only with dog bites and wound infections. The patient responded well to treatment with aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. Susceptibility to these drugs was demonstrated in vitro by a broth dilution technique. On the basis of the known ability of Moraxella species to colonize the oropharynx and the patient's lack of animal exposure, we propose that our patient's illness was secondary to aspiration of colonized oropharyngeal contents. PMID- 7040468 TI - Aniline blue-containing buffered charcoal-yeast extract medium for presumptive identification of Legionella species. AB - By utilizing buffered charcoal-yeast extract medium containing 0.01% aniline blue in conjunction with a long-wave UV light, the differentiation of five species of Legionella was facilitated. L. pneumophila, when grown on this medium, did not absorb the aniline blue dye; however, L. micdadei, L. dumoffii, L. bozemanii, and L. gormanii absorbed the dye in varying amounts and produced colonies of various shades of blue. PMID- 7040469 TI - Nosocomial outbreak of nitrate-negative Serratia marcescens infections. AB - Bacteremia due to multiply-antibiotic-resistant Serratia marcescens occurred within 1 week in four patients who were in adjacent beds in an intensive care unit. The strains were serotyped as O14:H12 and were nitrate negative. This unusual biochemical marker was useful in the investigation of the outbreak. PMID- 7040470 TI - Increased indole detection for Pasteurella multocida. AB - A supplemented 2% peptone broth is described for the detection of indole production by Pasteurella multocida. The 96 isolates of P. multocida that were utilized in this evaluation were indole positive within 18 to 24 h. PMID- 7040471 TI - Nervous system-specific protein D2 associated with neurite outgrowth in nerve cell cultures. AB - Dissociated cerebral cells from fetal rat brain were grown in culture for various periods. After 12 days in culture the nervous system-specific surface membrane protein D2 reached both maximal specific concentration and maximal amount. Moreover, most of this D2 protein was in the perinatal form with high electrophoretic mobility. The amount of perinatal D2 protein possibly followed the amount of neurites in this system. D2 protein was also found in 2 neuroblastoma C-1300 clones: Neuro 2a and NB 41A3. By addition of gangliosides, Neuro 2a cells could be induced to differentiate and form processes, and D2 protein was significantly increased. However, in both differentiated and undifferentiated neuroblastoma cells D2 protein was present in the adult form with slow electrophoretic mobility. NB 41A3 cells were unaffected by gangliosides and D2 protein was not changed. Thus ganglioside treatment of Neuro 2a tumor cells was followed by a cellular response only partly similar to developmental events concomitant to differentiation of primary cells. PMID- 7040472 TI - Immunohistochemical identification of T-lymphocytes in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - T-lymphocytes were identified in frozen brain sections derived from patients with chronic inflammatory disorders of the CNS by using a specific heteroantiserum and the unlabelled antibody enzyme method. Clusters of T-cells were found in post mortem material of cases with multiple sclerosis (MS) and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). The results suggest that T-lymphocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of both MS and SSPE. PMID- 7040473 TI - Insulin stimulation of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase. Use of the euglycemic clamp technique. AB - The role of insulin in the regulation of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in humans was investigated in 11 normal subjects and compared with the effects of 0.9% saline infusions in five control subjects. After a basal adipose tissue biopsy for lipoprotein lipase activity, insulin was rapidly infused to achieve and maintain serum levels of approximately 70 microunits/ml while plasma glucose was kept at basal concentrations. Free fatty acids in serum fell to 27 +/ 3% of basal by 20 min (t = 5.19, P less than 0.001) and triglycerides decreased to 77 +/- 3% of basal by 80 min (t = 3.76, P less than 0.01). Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity failed to increase significantly above that measured in controls by the first 3 h of the study. By 6 h of the infusion a stimulatory effect of insulin on adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase was found (t = 3.94, P less than 0.01). There was no relationship between the amount of glucose infused and the insulin effect on the enzyme. The increase in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity at 6 h, however, was inversely related to the basal lipase activity (r = -0.690, P less than 0.02). Thus, insulin appears to stimulate adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in humans. This effect of insulin is delayed when compared with antilipolysis and the fall in plasma triglyceride. The inverse relationship between insulin-stimulated adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity and basal enzyme activity suggests that adipose tissue itself is the main regulator of the lipase response to insulin. PMID- 7040474 TI - Insulin binding and degradation by luminal and basolateral tubular membranes from rabbit kidney. AB - Insulin influences certain metabolic and transport renal functions and is avidly degraded by the kidney, but the relative contribution of the luminal and basolateral tubular membranes to these events remains controversial. We studied (125)I-insulin degradation [TCA and immunoprecipitation (IP) methods] and the specific binding of the hormone by purified luminal (L) and basolateral (BL) tubular membranes. These were prepared from rabbit kidney cortical homogenates by differential and gradient centrifugation and ionic precipitation steps in sequence, which resulted in enrichment vs. homogenate of marker enzymes' activities (sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase for BL and maltase for L) of 8- and 12-fold, respectively. Both fractions degraded insulin avidly and bound the hormone specifically without saturation even at pharmacologic concentrations (10 muM). At physiologic insulin concentrations (0.157 nM) BL membranes degraded substantial amounts of insulin (44.2+/-2.6 and 40.7+/-2.2 pg/mg protein per min by the TCA and IP methods, respectively), even though at lesser rates (P < 0.001) than the luminal fraction (67.2+/-2.3 and 75+/ 6.2 pg/mg protein per min, respectively); the rate of insulin catabolism by BL membranes was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that which could be attributed to their contamination by luminal components [12.2+/-1.9 pg/mg per min (TCA method), or 13.7+/-1.9 pg/mg per min (IP method)]. Competition experiments suggested that insulin-degrading activity in both fractions includes both specific and nonspecific components. In contrast to degradation, insulin binding by both membranes was highly specific for native insulin and was severalfold higher in BL than L membranes [17.5+/-1.3 vs. 4.5+/-0.4 fmol/mg protein (P < 0.001) at physiologic insulin concentrations]. Despite the marked difference in the binding capacity for insulin by the two membranes, the patterns of labeled insulin displacement by increasing amounts of unlabeled hormone were superimposable (50% displacement required approximately 3 nM), suggesting that their receptors' affinity for insulin was similar. These observations provide direct evidence that interaction of insulin with the kidney involves binding and degradation of the hormone at the peritubular cell membrane. PMID- 7040476 TI - Anxiety management with schizophrenic outpatients. AB - Current theoretical speculation and research evidence suggest that elevated anxiety levels and poor anxiety coping skills may be important aspects of the schizophrenic process. Despite the success of various behaviorally oriented stress management techniques with nonpsychotic individuals, research on the effects of these programs as applied to schizophrenics has been scarce. The present study examined the effects of two such techniques, Anxiety Management Training (AMT) and Applied Relaxation Training (R), on schizophrenic outpatients. After 6 weeks of training, both the AMT and R Ss (N = 27) reported significantly lower levels of generalized anxiety on a standard measure, as contrasted to non treated Wait-List (WL) group Ss (N = 12). In addition, significant positive changes were reported by the Ss' regular outpatient therapists on a number of related, non-targeted behaviors. The results of this study support the idea that short-term anxiety management interventions may be useful in the treatment of schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7040475 TI - Preservation of mesangium and immunohistochemically defined antigens in glomerular basement membrane isolated by detergent extraction. AB - To define the characteristics of isolated glomerular basement membrane (GBM), immunohistochemical and morphometric analyses have been carried out on rat and human tissues. Site-specific arrays of antigens were identified in detergent isolated GBM in a distribution similar to that observed in intact kidney. In the human, fibronectin, procollagen IV, and collagen V were observed along the internal aspect of GBM continuous with antigenic sites in the mesangium. Another array of antigens was identified in the GBM but not within the mesangium- Goodpasture's antigen, bovine lens capsule type IV collagen, and amyloid P component. In addition, sites reactive with rabbit antiserum to laminin were present on both sides of the lamina densa as well as within the mesangial region. Actomyosin, a presumed mesangial cell antigen persisted in the mesangium of isolated GBM. Mesangial matrix was identified in detergent-isolated GBM in an amount equivalent to that present in intact glomeruli. Sonicated GBM contained the same antigens but it was not possible to quantitate the amount of mesangial material by immunofluorescence or morphometric analysis. The thickness of the lamina densa was greater in sonicated and detergent-treated rat GBM preparations than in native rat kidney. These studies demonstrated that isolated GBM is heterogeneous with respect to its antigenic constituents and in addition contains mesangial matrix, which is morphologically and immunohistochemically distinct from peripheral GBM. PMID- 7040477 TI - Therapeutic progress--review II. Control of diabetes mellitus. AB - Present treatment of diabetes mellitus does not result in cure. Evidence is presented from clinical and animal studies to suggest that metabolic control is important in delaying and sometimes ameliorating long-term complications. New methods of monitoring control and changes in insulin therapy are described, but their effect on chronic diabetic complications cannot be assessed for many years. PMID- 7040478 TI - Therapy for burn wound infection. PMID- 7040479 TI - Quantitative analysis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - A preliminary attempt has been made to characterise a small series of non Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) by morphometric means using the Quantimet 720 Kontron MOP/AMO3 image analysis systems. In most cases it was found that the distribution of nuclear area and correlation between mean nuclear area and frequency per unit field, corresponded closely with tumour classification determined by light microscopy. These results suggest that it may be possible to devise an objective and reproducible grading system for NHL using quantitative morphometric techniques. PMID- 7040480 TI - Detection of surface immunoglobulins of human lymphoid cells: a comparative study of live and fixed cells using a direct immunoperoxidase procedure. AB - Surface immunoglobulins (Ig) of normal and malignant lymphoid cells were detected on prefixed, smeared (method A) and live (method B) cell suspensions; the results were compared with regard to staining patterns, specificity and sensitivity. In both methods surface Ig were detected by a direct immunoperoxidase procedure using conjugated purified antibody. Although method A has practical advantages, method B is more sensitive. The reasons for this discrepancy are discussed in relation to surface Ig denaturation and redistribution. PMID- 7040481 TI - Immunohistological study of human lungs by immunoperoxidase technique. AB - An unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method for the detection of IgG, IgM, complement (C3 and Clq), fibrinogen and albumin was applied to routinely processed paraffin sections of lung from 27 cases. The results in 11 cases were compared with those obtained by immunofluorescence using frozen sections. Tissue was obtained from surgical specimens of cases with interstitial pneumonia comprising 10 of the usual type (UIP) and three of the desquamative type (DIP). Tissue was also obtained from the specimens of cases with sarcoidosis (two cases) and granulomatous inflammation of unknown cause (one case). There were 11 control cases, nine with primary carcinoma of the lung and two with metastatic tumours of the lung. Immunoglobulins of various types and complement were seen in diseased lung tissue. Although most of these deposits were probably due to a non immunological mechanism there was evidence of the possible implication of immune complexes in three cases of UIP and in the interstitial pneumonia present in the two cases of sarcoidosis. The immunoperoxidase technique is a more sensitive method than immunofluorescence and has the additional advantage of the easy identification of the precise sites of the various deposits. PMID- 7040483 TI - Cell structure and percent viability by a slide centrifuge technique. AB - It was found that a slide centrifuge (Cytospin) preparation of a cell suspension allowed a reliable assessment of not only cell structure but also the percentage of non-viable cells. The non-viable cells appeared as "smear" cells and paralleled in number the cells taking up trypan blue. Direct experiment showed the unstained viable cells in a trypan blue cell suspension remained intact in a Cytospin preparation while the cells taking up trypan blue were the "smear" cells. The non-viability of the "smear" cells was confirmed by their inability to survive in culture. PMID- 7040482 TI - Macrophage origin of Reed-Sternberg cells: an immunohistochemical study. AB - In an immunohistochemical study of 26 biopsies from 24 patients with Hodgkin's disease a granular staining pattern for alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha(1)AT) and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (alpha(1)ACT) was seen in Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells and mononuclear Hodgkin's (H) cells in over half the cases. The pattern of staining for these antiproteases seen in RS and H cells has previously only been observed in normal and malignant cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage within the lymphoreticular system. A faintly granular evenly distributed staining for IgG was found in viable RS and H cells. This staining was associated with a similar distribution of both light chains but not J chain, suggesting that the immunoglobulin had not been synthesised by these cells but had been taken up from the extracellular environment. It is suggested that this uptake is an active process occurring in viable RS and H cells, possibly via Fcgamma receptors and further supports an origin from cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. IgA, IgD, albumin, fibrinogen, C1q, C4 and C3 were present in some cells, IgM was more rarely found and lysozyme was absent. The fact that cells staining for these serum proteins generally showed signs of degeneration and that the extent of staining correlated with the molecular weight, but not serum concentration, of the protein suggests that they are passively acquired by dead or dying cells and thus represent a separate phenomenon from IgG uptake. The function of IgG uptake and accumulation by RS cells and the alpha(1)AT and alpha(1)ACT markers may prove of use in identifying the macrophage subtype from which these cells are derived. PMID- 7040484 TI - Diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila infections by means of formolised yolk sac antigens. AB - Formolised yolk sac antigens of Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1-6 were used to test 1792 serum specimens from 1431 patients with respiratory illness of serological evidence of Legionnaires' disease (LD). Thirty-five patients showed titres against the serogroup 1 antigen diagnostic for LD. Only two further cases were considered to have non-serogroup I infections (both serogroup 4) indicating that such infections are rare. Titres of greater than 1/16 against the serogroup 1 antigen occur in only 3% of subjects without LD and thus the demonstration of such a titre in patients with pneumonia during the early phase of illness can alert the clinician to the likelihood of LD. The supply of serogroup 1 antigen from the Division of Microbiological Reagents and Quality Control to routine diagnostic laboratories will be continued and monovalent serogroup 2-6 antigens will continue to be made available to reference laboratories. PMID- 7040485 TI - Swabs and swab-transport media kits in the isolation of upper respiratory bacteria. AB - The recovery of upper respiratory tract bacteria on laboratory media from a variety of swabs and swab-transport media kits was examined. Organisms studied included strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae. Although a wide range of results was obtained with regard to variables such as the type of swab or swab-transport media kit used, the time of plating, the temperature of storage of swab-transport media kits, and the nature of the suspension of the organisms, it was generally noted that recovery of organisms was better from swabs held in their plastic containers prior to plating than from swabs held in transport medium. PMID- 7040486 TI - A method for transmission and scanning electron microscopy of undecalcified human bone marrow biopsy specimens using cryofracture. PMID- 7040487 TI - False positive latex tests for cryptococcal antigen in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7040488 TI - Immunocytochemistry of gastric mucosal blood groups. PMID- 7040490 TI - Comparison of antisera in the fluorescent antibody test for detection of Bacteroides spp in clinical specimens. AB - Twenty-two known strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group of organisms and 67 clinical specimens from a variety of sites were examined by fluorescent antibody test (IFA) using two different antisera fro the rapid detection of B fragilis group of organisms. A previously reported Barts' pooled antisera was compared with a commercially produced Fluoretec kit antisera and the findings were related to routine anaerobic culture and gas liquid chromatography for short chain fatty acids. The Barts' antisera was more sensitive (88%) but less specific (88%) than the kit (sensitivity 50%, specificity 98%). This indicates that Barts' antisera picks up more positive cultures than the kit. The predictive value of a positive test was 82% for Barts' antisera and 93% for the kit. There were higher numbers of false-negatives with the kit (13/26) than with the Barts' (3/26). The predictive value of a negative test was 92% for Barts' antisera and 75% for the kit, indicating that a negative IFA test with Barts' antisera is a reliable index of the absence of the B fragilis group of organisms from clinical specimens. The implications for the use of this test in a routine laboratory are discussed. PMID- 7040489 TI - Bone biopsy in haematological disorders. AB - Bone marrow biopsies are now widely used in the investigation and follow-up of many diseases. Semi-thin sections of 8216 undecalcified biopsies of patients with haematological disorders were studied. Observations were made on the cytopenias and the myelodysplastic syndromes, the acute leukaemias the myeloproliferative disorders, Hodgkin's disease and the malignant lymphomas including multiple myeloma, hairy cell leukaemia and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Bone marrow biopsies are essential for the differential diagnosis of most cytopenias and for the early recognition of fibrosis which most frequently occurred as a consequence of megakaryocytic proliferation in the myeloproliferative disorders. Different patterns of bone marrow involvement were found in the lymphoproliferative disorders and both their type and extent constituted factors of prognostic significance. A survey of the literature is given and the conclusion is drawn that bone marrow biopsies provide indispensible information for the diagnostic evaluation and the follow-up of patients with haematological disorders. PMID- 7040491 TI - Soya protein antibodies in man: their occurrence and possible relevance in coeliac disease. AB - Circulating antibodies to soya-derived protein antigens have been measured in patients with duodenitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and coeliac disease. Significantly raised antibody titres were found frequently in the coeliac group, particularly those patients showing a suboptimal response to a gluten-free diet, but rarely in subjects with other gastrointestinal diseases. Antisoya activity was not necessarily accompanied by antibodies to other common dietary antigens. We suggest that some coeliacs may have an associated dietary soya sensitivity which could adversely influence their response to gluten withdrawal. PMID- 7040492 TI - Long-term bumetanide treatment of patients with edema due to renal disease. Cooperative studies. AB - Bumetanide was compared with furosemide in a total of 43 outpatients with edema due to renal disease, selected from three clinics following a uniform protocol. By random selection, 31 patients received 1 to 10 mg/day bumetanide, and 12 received 40 to 400 mg/day furosemide for at least six months. The patients were evaluated clinically, by standard laboratory tests, as well as by ECG, audiometry, eye examination, and mammary examination. Pooled statistical analysis of the results was done. Edema, body weight, and abdominal girth were reduced during both treatments. There was no significant difference in the mean response to the two diuretic agents by the two sided probability test in the other parameters studied, e.g., supine and standing blood pressure and pulse, serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride), and uric acid. There were no differences in liver function tests, hematology, or chest x-ray, and no remarkable effects on hearing. Gynecomastia improved in some patients while being treated with bumetanide after spironolactone was discontinued. Adverse reactions in patients on bumetanide which were considered possibly or probably related to the drug were muscle cramps (two patients); and vertigo, headache, muscle pain, urticaria, chest pain, arthritis, dehydration, postural hypotension, and leg cramps (one each). Laboratory abnormalities in both groups were generally those that could be attributed to the pharmacologic action of the diuretics or due to the patients' underlying disease states. No drug-related adverse effects were noted in ECG, ophthalmologic examinations, or chest x-rays. Two patients in the furosemide group had a probably or possibly drug-related loss of hearing sensitivity. In summary, bumetanide appeared to be as safe and as efficacious as furosemide in controlling edema and hypertension in patients with renal disease. PMID- 7040493 TI - Long-term bumetanide treatment of renal edema. Comparison with furosemide. AB - In an open, parallel, randomized study, bumetanide was compared with furosemide in the long-term management of patients with severe renal edema. The doses used were: bumetanide, 1 mg; furosemide, 40 mg. Graded increases were administered to daily maxima of 10 mg bumetanide and 400 mg furosemide. The efficacy of parameters measured were: weight, recumbent and standing pulse and blood pressure, abdominal girth, and estimated degree of malaise or fatigue when present. Safety parameters included: physical examination, CBC and platelets, blood chemistry, chemical and microscopic urinalysis, creatinine clearance, air audiometry, and ophthalmic examination. Weight loss and reduction of edema and of mean arterial pressure occurred in both groups of patients. In the bumetanide treated group, weight loss was statistically significant at most observation times during the first eight weeks, and reduction in edema was significant throughout the trial (P less than 0.05). Reduction in these parameters in the furosemide-treated patients was not statistically significant. However, the differences between the diuresis and other changes produced by the two drugs were not significant. While reduction in the mean arterial pressure of patients on bumetanide was significant (P less than 0.05), the difference with that in the furosemide treatment group was not significant. Serum electrolyte abnormalities were infrequent. All patients tolerated the drug trial well. No deterioration in audiometry occurred in any patients, including 12 who entered the trial with abnormal air audiograms. Both drugs appear to be equally safe. While a daily dose of 4.2 mg bumetanide is highly effective in severe renal edema, the design of the study did not warrant definitive conclusion regarding comparative efficacy with furosemide. PMID- 7040494 TI - Effects of loop diuretics on carbohydrate metabolism and electrolyte excretion. AB - The effects of two loop diuretics, bumetanide and furosemide, on carbohydrate metabolism and electrolyte balance were assessed in 11 normal male subjects in a double-blind manner. Glucose, insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone responses to 5-hour glucose tolerance test and arginine infusion were measured during the control and drug treatment periods. Three other non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, receiving diuretic drug for six weeks, underwent a similar protocol. Kaliuresis and natriuresis due to diuretic administration were significant only on day 1 of treatment. There were no significant changes in total body potassium by 40K counting; net potassium loss by balance study was minimal in both the acutely treated subjects and the chronically treated patients. Effects of bumetanide and furosemide on water and electrolyte excretion did not differ. Glucose tolerance was significantly improved with bumetanide but not with furosemide. Plasma insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone levels during the oral glucose tolerance test were unaffected by either drug. Insulin levels with arginine infusion were significantly increased, and growth hormone levels decreased with bumetanide but not with furosemide. No evidence of impaired carbohydrate metabolism in the three chronically treated diabetic subjects was seen. It is concluded that the effects of bumetanide and furosemide on potassium balance and glucose utilization were minimal in this experimental setting. PMID- 7040495 TI - Effect of probenecid on the natriuresis and renin release induced by bumetanide in man. AB - In a randomized crossover trial in six normal male subjects, the effect of pretreatment with probenecid on natriuresis and renin release in response to bumetanide was studied. The subjects received 120 mEq sodium and 80 mEq potassium per day. A single dose of 2 mg bumetanide was administered on the fourth morning after pretreatment with either placebo or probenecid. Creatinine and uric acid were measured in serum and urine, plasma renin activity was determined by radioimmunoassay of angiotensin I, and plasma and urine concentrations of bumetanide were measured by a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay method. Probenecid reduced both natriuresis and hyperreninemia induced by bumetanide. This effect is postulated to be due not to a direct action on sodium excretion but is probably secondary to inhibition of renal tubular secretion of bumetanide. Consequently, these findings appear to support the concept that the quantity of bumetanide delivered to the tubular lumen is an important determinant of its diuretic effect. PMID- 7040496 TI - Clinical trial of bumetanide versus furosemide in patients with congestive heart failure. AB - A clinical trial was conducted in open, randomized, parallel fashion to determine the effectiveness and safety of bumetanide compared with those of furosemide in 42 outpatients with edema due to congestive heart failure. All patients were free from any significant hepatic or renal disease. The duration of the study was six months, except for 12 patients who were continued under treatment with bumetanide for an additional six months. Changes in body weight, edema, abdominal girth, hepatomegaly and other signs of congestive heart failure were evaluated. No statistically significant differences between bumetanide and furosemide were noted in these clinical parameters. Blood pressure was decreased in both groups, more consistently with furosemide, but without statistical significance. Laboratory tests revealed only minor changes in serum sodium, potassium, chloride, and uric acid in both groups throughout the treatment period, with the exception of chloride in the bumetanide group at 8 and 16 weeks. The patients who received extended treatment maintained a relatively stable state. No clinical adverse reactions were considered to be related to either drug. Both diuretics proved equally effective in reducing edema. The effective dose ratio of bumetanide:furosemide was 1:25. PMID- 7040497 TI - The effects of a single, intravenous dose of bumetanide versus furosemide in patients with ascites and edema due to alcoholic liver disease. AB - Ascites with or without edema, secondary to alcoholic liver disease, which had failed to respond to conventional in-hospital medical treatment with thiazides, spironolactone, and salt restriction was treated with a single intravenous dose of 0.5 mg bumetanide or 20 mg furosemide. In this single-blind, randomized, parallel study in 20 men over 18 years of age, significant diuresis and increased excretion of sodium, potassium, and chloride occurred with both drugs. Weight loss was slight but significant within groups but not between drug treatments. Osmolality was significantly decreased after both treatments due to the magnitude of urine volume. Sodium/potassium ratio was significantly increased up to 120 minutes after both treatments. Creatinine excretion and clearance were increased after treatment with bumetanide but not significantly. In the furosemide group, the increase was first significant but after 90 minutes remained decreased. Supine and standing blood pressure and pulse rate changes were negligible. EKG monitoring revealed no abnormalities. No consistent alterations of laboratory tests were identified after treatment, nor were any important clinical adverse responses recognized. A 15-decibel unilateral high-frequency hearing loss was observed following bumetanide treatment in one patient with prior evidence of ear disease. PMID- 7040498 TI - Effect of food on the bioavailability of captopril in healthy subjects. AB - 14C-Captopril was administered as 100-mg tablets to 12 subjects in a two-way crossover study in which subjects were either fasted or were given a standard meal immediately prior to dosing. Based on blood level and urinary excretion data, both the absorption of total radioactivity and the bioavailability of captopril were decreased approximately 35 to 40 per cent after a meal. Whether this moderate decrease in the absorption and the bioavailability of captopril caused by food is of clinical significance has not yet been determined. PMID- 7040499 TI - Effects of single large doses of phenytoin on glucose homeostasis--a preliminary report. AB - The effects of a loading dose of 15 mg/kg phenytoin by iv infusion on the serum levels of insulin, glucagon, and glucose were investigated in five fasting healthy male volunteers between the ages of 23 and 35 years. Serum glucose concentrations rose immediately after the infusion of phenytoin followed by a significant increase in serum insulin values (P less than 0.05). A slight elevation in mean glucagon concentrations after the infusion was not statistically significant. Further studies are indicated to determine whether phenytoin as used in the treatment of status epilepticus may aggravate the hyperglycemia associated with seizures. PMID- 7040500 TI - Analgesic effect of isoxepac on postmeniscectomy pain: a controlled trial. AB - The analgesic efficacy of 100 and 200 mg isoxepac was compared with that of 50 mg indomethacin in a double-blind, single-dose, between-patient (parallel) study with placebo control. Oral doses were administered to 120 patients whose postoperative plan justified administration of analgesics on the morning of the day following knee surgery for meniscectomy. No appreciable differences emerged between 100 mg isoxepac and placebo, though 50 mg indomethacin and 200 mg isoxepac gave better analgesia than either 100 mg isoxepac or placebo. Peak and duration of pain relief was of the same order with 50 mg indomethacin, and 200 mg isoxepac would appear to be the minimal effective dose in the clinical setting of postoperative pain following knee meniscectomy. The incidence of side effects on all three active treatments was remarkedly low. PMID- 7040501 TI - Lethality and behavioral side effects of chloroquine. AB - The antimalarial chloroquine is a widely used medication prescribed for a variety of conditions. The authors indicate that its lethality and behavioral side effects are significant and may be underestimated. Moderately low overdosage of chloroquine can result in rapid death. Moreover, therapeutic doses are known to cause psychosis, delirium, personality changes, and depression. It is hypothesized that a drug-induced alteration of mood or a toxic confusional state may result in unintended overdosage and death. Clinicians should consider prodromal signs of toxicity and not classify overdosage prematurely as attempted self-poisoning. PMID- 7040502 TI - Neurotensin immunoreactivity in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn of the rat: I. Light microscopic studies of cell bodies and proximal dendrites. AB - Although neurotensin perikarya have been identified in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn, little is known regarding the cytoarchitecture of these neurotensin-containing neurons. Immunohistochemical staining of 75-microns sections in several planes through colchicine-treated rat spinal cords revealed morphologic features of neurotensinlike immunoreactive (NLI) perikarya and proximal dendrites. Populations of NLI neurons were identified in the outer one third of lamina II, the inner one-third of lamina II, and outer lamina III. The NLI neurons in lamina II had elongated perikarya and the dendrites emerged from the rostral and caudal poles of the cell body. The proximal dendrites of NLI cells in inner laminae II were shorter and contained more spines than outer lamina II NLI cells. The NLI cells in outer lamina III did not exhibit polarity and the proximal dendrites were generally shorter than those of NLI cells in lamina II. The lamina II cells appear similar to islet cells (Gobel, '75), while the lamina III cells have many of the characteristics of the II/III border cell described by Gobel ('78). Interestingly, the inner lamina II NLI cells occurred in clusters with NLI cells in outer lamina III. The periodicity of these clusters suggests a neurochemical dimension for the organization of the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn. PMID- 7040503 TI - Gangrenous and crepitant cellulitis. AB - A dangerous and little-discussed group of soft tissue (skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and skeletal muscle) infections are characterized by the presence of extensive gangrene and/or discernible tissue gas. The identifying characteristics of these infections, as well as diagnostic measures and therapy, are reviewed. PMID- 7040504 TI - The role of mononitrochlorobenzene as a contaminant in dinitrochlorobenzene. AB - Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) has been purported to possess potential mutagenic and carcinogenic hazards. This potential hazard may be due to contamination of DNCB with known carcinogenic precursors, mononitrochlorobenzenes. Three samples of commercially available DNCB were analyzed for the presence of such mononitrochlorobenzenes, which were absent in all samples tested. The implications of product contamination with mutagenic and/or carcinogenic impurities may be important for both in vitro Ames microbial assays and potential carcinogenic exposure in human therapy. PMID- 7040505 TI - Histologic, immunofluorescent, and antinuclear antibody findings in PUVA-treated patients. AB - Twenty-two patients with psoriasis were treated with PUVA therapy for over two years. Skin biopsies from sun-exposed skin were evaluated before, during, and after PUVA therapy. No statistically significant epidermal changes were found when looking for hyperkeratosis, atrophy, melanin, or melanocyte numbers. No dyskeratosis was found. Dermal changes, including alterations in elastic tissue and collagen, were not statistically significant. Amyloid deposits were absent. The amount of mucin deposition was found to correlate with the length of PUVA therapy. In four patients, the mucin disappeared after withdrawal of PUVA, suggesting that this change is reversible. PMID- 7040507 TI - Treating preauricular basal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7040506 TI - In situ identification of Langerhans cells in the dermal infiltrate of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. AB - A population of cells showing the surface phenotype of Langerhans cells (LCs) was identified in the dermal infiltrates of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). Peroxidase-conjugated OKT6, a monoclonal antibody reactive with epidermal LCs, was used to directly label frozen tissue sections of diseased skin from twenty three patients with CTCL, two patients with secondary cutaneous involvement by a B cell lymphoma, and three patients with lymphocytoma cutis. OKT6-reactive cells represented a significant although minor population in the dermal infiltrate of twenty-two of the twenty-three CTCL biopsies, accounting for up to 5% of the cells. Double-labeling studies revealed that the OKT6-positive cells also exhibited Ia but not T cell antigens. Since OKT6-reactive cells were not found in either the B cell lymphomas or lymphocytoma cutis, their presence in a malignant infiltrate is suggestive of a T cell neoplasm. PMID- 7040508 TI - Wiley M. Sams. PMID- 7040509 TI - Thomas Addison, M.D. First dermatologist at Guy's Hospital. PMID- 7040510 TI - History of retinoids. PMID- 7040511 TI - Toxicology, carcinogenicity, and teratogenicity of some orally administered retinoids. AB - This paper is a review of the acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and teratogenicity of vitamin A, tretinoin (all trans-retinoic acid), isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid), and etretinate. The results of in vitro mutagenicity testing of the retinoids are also presented. In addition to teratogenesis studies, experiments designed to evaluate the effects of the retinoids on fertility and reproductive performance and on perinatal and postnatal development are also described. PMID- 7040512 TI - International studies of the efficacy of etretinate in the treatment of psoriasis. AB - International studies evaluating the efficacy of etretinate (Ro 10-9359) in psoriatic patients are reviewed. Double-blind, placebo controlled studies uniformly have demonstrated the therapeutic effect of the retinoid. Both single therapy and combination therapy studies confirm the efficacy of this new form of treatment, especially in patients with the rarer and more severe forms of psoriasis. PMID- 7040513 TI - Pityriasis rubra pilaris response to 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin). AB - Forty-five patients with pityriasis rubra pilaris were treated with oral 13-cis retinoic acid (isotretinoin). There was marked improvement in the degree of erythema, in duration, and scaling noted within 4 weeks. Remission or maintained improvement persisted after stopping therapy in many of the patients. The drug is a significant addition to the therapeutic armamentarium in this difficult-to treat disease. PMID- 7040514 TI - Treatment of ichthyosis with isotretinoin. AB - A multicenter study of the effectiveness of 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin) in lamellar ichthyosis and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis has been conducted. A dose of the drug which produced maximum clearing with minimum side effects was chosen; this varied among different patients, the mean dose being about 2 mg/kg/day. Almost all of the patients in both groups were clearly improved, as evaluated both by the physicians and the patients. The degree of improvement seemed higher in the group of patients with lamellar ichthyosis. PMID- 7040515 TI - Isotretinoin treatment of Darier's disease. PMID- 7040516 TI - OKT 9 reactive cells in mycosis fungoides. PMID- 7040517 TI - Surgical gem. An alternate method of obtaining a pinch graft. PMID- 7040519 TI - Repair of split earlobes. A review and a new technique. AB - Numerous techniques for repairing split earlobes have been described in the literature. They range from excision of skin on the cleft edges and resuturing to fashioning flaps of skin from the posterior aspects of the earlobes, with or without a Z-plasty at the free margins. A different technique, which has not been described before, is presented in this paper. PMID- 7040518 TI - Treatment of ulcers on legs by pinch grafts and a supportive dressing of polyurethane. AB - A simplified method of treating ulcers on legs by pinch grafts and a semipermeable, self-adhesive dressing of polyurethane is described and the results are illustrated. PMID- 7040520 TI - Repair of a cicatricial epicanthal fold by a double Z-plasty (Spaeth). AB - A postoperative cicatricial epicanthal fold was repaired by the double Z-plasty technique of Spaeth. The operative procedure is reviewed by text, photographs, and a diagram. PMID- 7040522 TI - X-rays in dentistry. PMID- 7040521 TI - New concepts and trends in pesticide chemistry. PMID- 7040523 TI - Occlusion and myofascial pain dysfunction: is there a relationship? PMID- 7040524 TI - Preprosthetic management of severe alveolar ridge atrophy. AB - The preprosthetic management of individuals with denture instability caused by severe alveolar ridge atrophy is discussed with respect to augmentation by bone grafting or implantation of denture retention devices. Specific indications were made for the use of each surgical procedure and the clinical effectiveness of each was illustrated with a case presentation. In the maxilla and mandible, there is a range of functional alveolar ridge heights that results in unsatisfactory denture retention. If the alveolar morphology lends itself to a soft tissue procedure, a vestibuloplasty will often provide satisfactory improvement in stability. However, if the alveolar height is severely diminished, denture retention can be satisfactorily enhanced only by ridge augmentation procedures such as bone grafting or the placement of metal implants. Implantation of denture retention devices can improve denture stability on certain severely atrophic mandibular alveolar ridges. The staple is a precision appliance that must be placed during a surgical procedure under general anesthesia, requires close attention by patient and prosthodontist following placement, and is expensive. The ramus frame is a less expensive alternative that can be placed on an extremely atrophic mandible under local anesthesia with conscious sedation. The morbidity associated with harvesting autogenous iliac crest or rib for bone grafting, though it requires a general anesthetic, is relatively minimal in the healthy patient. Vigilant postoperative care and aggressive physical therapy lead to rapid rehabilitation of the individuals who must recover from the additional surgery. PMID- 7040525 TI - Periodontal therapy in a patient undergoing cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7040526 TI - Systemic effects of epinephrine-impregnated retraction cord in fixed partial denture prosthodontics. AB - There still is conflict among practitioners and researchers concerning the systemic effects of epinephrine retraction systems. However, the concentration of epinephrine in our commercially available retraction systems, as reported by Shaw, is cause for concern. Therefore, before using these systems, the dentist must consider the following variables: medical history of the patient, health of the oral cavity (especially the dentogingival unit), type of procedure to be done, amount and length of retraction, and exposure of the vascular bed. After careful attention to the foregoing variables, the retraction system of choice is the 8% racemic epinephrine-impregnated retraction cord. In addition to these variables, a calm and organized manner in the dental operatory can and will reassure the patient of the best of care with the least side effects. PMID- 7040527 TI - The presidents. James Addison Libbey, 1901-1902. PMID- 7040528 TI - Multicentric study of beclomethasone dipropionate nasal aerosol in adults with seasonal allergic rhinitis. AB - A double-blind, parallel-design multicentric study, in two phases, was conducted to examine the safety and efficacy of 2-wk treatment with various doses of beclomethasone dipropionate nasal aerosol (BDNA) and placebo in adults with seasonal allergic rhinitis. In phase I, 162 patients received BDNA, 33.5 micrograms/burst (o.d.,b.i.d., t.i.d., q.i.d.), or placebo; in phase II, 189 patients received BNDA 42, micrograms/burst (b.i.d. q.i.d.), or placebo. In both phases, statistically significant (p less than 0.05) differences favoring BDNA over placebo were found for all efficacy measures (global evaluation and total and individual symptom scores). In phase I, response to treatment increased as BDNA dosage increased, with a leveling off at t.i.d. dosage. In both phases, marked improvements were seen by week 1, with maximum improvement during week 2. Eighty-seven patients had adverse reactions-sneezing and nasal burning were most common. No suppression in morning cortisol levels was seen, nor were Candida infections promoted. A 2-wk treatment with BDNA was safe and effective in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults. PMID- 7040529 TI - Drugs in aggressive behavior. PMID- 7040530 TI - Historical antecedents of normative vs pathologic perspectives in aging. AB - Differing concepts of aging, i.e., a normative versus a pathologic process, are presented in historical perspective and are traced through selected writings from ancient China, India, Egypt, and Greece into more modern times. These is no consistent shift across epochs from one to the other perspective, and mixed perspectives often appear. Ideas regarding the aging process and age-related disease are influenced by the changing medical state of the art in various areas. Because of the still incomplete knowledge of the basic mechanisms involved, the current status of medical knowledge has not yet resolved the "aging vs disease dilemma." History, however, does reveal insights that promote respect for prescientific observations and intuitions, provide a contextual background for progress achieved, and foreshadow current trends in the theory and practice of geriatrics. PMID- 7040531 TI - Novel application of affinity chromatography with chaotropic elution from Blue Dextran-Sepharose for the purification of beta-hydroxydecanoyl thioester dehydrase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7040532 TI - Vascular leiomyoma. AB - A vascular leiomyoma is a relatively rare tumor when associated with the foot. This discussion will review the literature, as well as present information regarding the etiology, histopathology, symptoms, and treatment of this tumor. In addition, a case report of a vascular leiomyoma is presented. PMID- 7040533 TI - Foreign body: a review of two cases. AB - A thorough history and examination, as well as x-rays, are essential before attempting to remove a foreign body from the foot. The author discusses two of his cases that present interesting problems. PMID- 7040534 TI - Myofascial pain syndromes and their effect on the lower extremities. AB - Myofascial pain syndrome is an entity with which every podiatrist should be familiar. These disorders are usually the result of acute or chronic injury and are characterized by the presence of trigger areas and symptom complexes that have definite patterns. Once these patterns have been learned, the sources of pain can be readily predicted. Most of these conditions can be effectively treated in the podiatrist's office by local block techniques and/Or by application of Fluori-Methane spray. It is important to consult the appropriate medical specialist for diagnostic confirmation or for aid in treatment if uncertainty exists. Treatment regimens in this group of syndromes are based on the notion that in these disorders there is a self-sustaining cycle of pain-spasm pain persisting after the precipitating cause has disappeared, which may be permanently abolished by interruption of the reflex mechanisms. In order to produce optimal results, the trigger area must be accurately located and treatment directed toward its elimination. Physical therapy and active exercise are necessary adjuncts to local blocks. Not all patients respond, and in many the response is slow, incomplete, and/or only temporary, but there are those in whom these simple measures provide relief of pain and disability in a manner as dramatic as one is likely to encounter in practice. PMID- 7040535 TI - Changes in circulating fuels, pancreatic hormones and liver glycogen concentration in fasting or suckling newborn pigs. AB - The effect of fasting or suckling on blood glucose, circulating fuels, pancreatic hormones and liver glycogen concentration have been measured in newborn pigs during the first 48 h of life. Blood glucose concentrations fell to hypoglycaemic values after 48 h of fasting whereas for the same period of time, suckling piglets maintain a normal blood glucose. These differences are not due to hepatic glycogen mobilization, since liver is totally depleted from its high glycogen stores 24 h after birth, both in fasting and suckling piglets. Blood lactate is present at a high concentration during the first 48 h, both in fasting and suckling piglets. In contrast, blood pyruvate concentration is lower in suckling than in fasting newborn pigs. Colostrum intake leads to an increase in blood amino acid concentrations in the suckling piglets in comparison with the fasting newborn. Plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels and blood glycerol concentrations are lower in fasting piglets than in the suckling ones. In suckling newborn pigs, circulating ketone bodies are very low despite the increase in non-esterified fatty acids levels. The decrease in plasma insulin/glucagon molar ratio at birth, is due to a decrease in plasma insulin and an increase in plasma glucagon, both in fasting and suckling piglets. Plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations are higher during suckling than during fasting. The data suggest that gluconeogenesis could be impaired, in fasting newborn pigs, by a low plasma glucagon level and/or a limiting availability of non-esterified fatty acids. PMID- 7040536 TI - Effects of hypoglycaemia on ventilation and arousal responses to hypoxia, and newborn calves during active and quiet sleep. AB - Ventilatory and arousal responses to progressive, isocapnic hypoxia were assessed in five full-term calves, aged 1-8 d, during normo-glycaemia and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia; replicate tests were made during both quiet and active sleep. Hypoxia was produced by rebreathing 8-10% (W/V) oxygen; end-tidal PO2 and PCO2 confirmed the mask-seal, and the constancy of PCO2 achieved by a soda-lime CO2 absorber. Oxygen saturation was recorded continuously by aspirating aortic blood through a cuvette-oximeter. Airflow through a tightly fitting face-mask was digitized at 50 ms intervals to calculate breath-by-breath ventilation and rate. Sleep-state and arousal were characterized by EEG, electro-oculogram, nuchal electromyogram and behaviour. An intravenous dose of 2.5 units/kg of soluble insulin produced hypoglycaemia within 60 min (blood glucose less than 1 mmol/l). In the normoglycaemic control state, ventilation during quiet sleep increased linearly; typically the ventilation ratio to pre-hypoxic control was 1.5 at an arterial O2-saturation of 85-90%. In contrast, during active sleep, hypoxaemia progressed without any ventilatory response to a very low arterial O2-saturation of less than 70%. Severe hypoglycaemia did not alter these ventilatory responses during either quiet or active sleep. Thus, the relationship between ventilation ratio and arterial O2-saturation at a saturation of 75% did not differ significantly from control. In quiet sleep the mean ventilation ratio values at an arterial O2-saturation of 75% were 1.92 +/- 0.07 (SEM) and 1.62 +/- 0.07 (P greater than 0.05) for normoglycaemia and hypoglycaemia respectively; in active sleep these were 1.08 +/- 0.09 (SEM) and 1.06 +/- 0.04 (P greater than 0.20). The arterial O2-saturation at which reflex arousal occurred differed between sleep states but was not altered by hypoglycaemia. In quiet sleep, values were 85.0 +/- 1.4 (SEM) and 84.4 +/- 2.5; in active sleep, 57.8 +/- 3.9 (SEM) and 60.4 +/- 1.4, for normoglycaemia and hypoglycaemia respectively. PMID- 7040537 TI - Hands on stamps. France--Issue of 1979. PMID- 7040538 TI - Etiology of granulomatous disease of the gut (Crohn's disease). AB - This report is based on a review of the various investigations attempting to determine the etiology of Crohn's disease. It has paid special attention to three main possible etiologic mechanisms, reported in the literature up to the time of this review; namely, immunologic, unknown transmissible agents or known such as L forms, protoplasts, or spheroplasts, viral or infectious RNA and/or DNA, and a combination of the preceding causative possibilities. It has discussed the unrewarding immunological mechanisms, the failure to confirm the various investigations suggesting a transmissible agent and/or the speculations concerning the possible combination of factors. It also has included the remarks of Sacchar and Auslander, who stated that four important pieces were missing to allow acceptance of transmissible agent as the cause of Crohn's disease. This review has demonstrated that up to the present time the etiology of Crohn's disease has remained a puzzle and concluded that further investigations are necessary to resolve the etiology of Crohn's disease with the suggestion that evidence for an infectious agent will require experiments that satisfy Koch's postulates. PMID- 7040539 TI - A second look at cimetidine. AB - Two-well conducted double blind studies have shown that cimetidine is not better than placebo in healing of duodenal ulcers at the end of the 6 weeks. I was surprised when the F.D.A. released the use of cimetidine on August 17, 1977, even when they knew the results of a large multicentered American study. However, considering the results of many European studies, one has to be fair in saying that cimetidine is useful for duodenal ulcers if used according to F.D.A. guidelines. The problem of cimetidine therapy starts when it is used for almost any gastrointestinal condition in a knee jerk fashion. Cimetidine is not any better than antacids. It gained rapid acceptance in the treatment of ulcer disease only because of its ease of administration and lack of side effects, like diarrhea. My purpose of writing this article is to highlight that cimetidine is not a cure-all and is over utilized. It has been estimated that approximately 11 million patients were treated with cimetidine between November 1976 to February 1979. The number has reached a staggering level now. I will be heartbroken if some serious side effect comes into light after 15-20 years of its use. I am sure everyone is familiar with the INH story. INH toxicity is just becoming known after more than 20 years of clinical use. One should also not forget the uterine cancer in daughters of mothers on DES. The purpose of this article is just to underline the need for a proper indication in the use of cimetidine. PMID- 7040540 TI - Mutagenic evaluation of two male contraceptives: 5-thio-d-glucose and gossypol acetic acid. PMID- 7040541 TI - Meyer's dealings with Jones: a chapter in the history of the American response to psychoanalysis. AB - Although Adolf Meyer, first director of the Phipps Clinic at John Hopkins, did much to promote a knowledge of psychoanalysis in the United States, he never identified his views with those of Freud. Using unpublished letters and documents, the present paper seeks to clarify Meyer's attitude towards psychoanalysis by focusing on his dealings with one of Freud's most gifted followers, Ernest Jones, at a critical moment in the reception of psychoanalysis in America. In particular, an effort is made to identify some of the personal, intellectual, and institutional factors that shaped Meyer's response to Freud. PMID- 7040542 TI - Shadworth Hodgson and William James's formulation of space perception: phenomenology and perceptual realism. AB - This paper has two related goals. First, it seeks to show that the theory of perception found in William James's Principles of Psychology is thoroughly consistent if it is approached through the framework of perceptual realism versus constructionism rather than the nativism versus empiricism debate. As such, this paper offers an alternative to Nicholas Pastore's claim that there are two contradictory theories of perception in the Principles. James's commitment of perceptual realism is articulated within the contexts of his (1) critique of constructionist perception theories, (2) notion of the spatial quale, and (3) formulation of the role of knowledge in adult perception. The second goal of this paper deals with the historical development of James's perceptual realism. Here it is argued that Shadworth Hodgson's method of reflection-an anticipation of Husserl's phenomenological reduction-served as the basis of James's commitment of perceptual realism. PMID- 7040543 TI - The relationship of Clark L. Hull's hypnosis research to his later learning theory: the continuity of his life's work. AB - What has been missing in previous historical accounts of Clark L. Hull is a view of his life's work as an integrated whole. This paper contributes to that end by relating his hypnosis research and theory during the years 1921 to 1933 to the developing behavioral orientation of his learning theory. In addition, this paper relates his work historically and conceptually to the theory of ideomotor actin endorsed by William James and a number of other nineteenth-century psychologists, and transmitted by Hull into the stimulus-response terminology of the 1930s. PMID- 7040544 TI - Edited correspondence on the status of homosexuality in DSM-III. AB - In 1973, after a prolonged period of social agitation and professional conflict, the American Psychiatric Association deleted homosexuality from its official listing of psychiatric disorders (DSM-II). In its place a new classification for homosexuals distressed over their orientation was to be included in DSM-II. Four years later an acrimonious dispute surfaced over the status of homosexuality in the revised APA nomenclature of disorders (DSM-III). The edited correspondence of the participants in this dispute is presented here as a way of revealing the lingering conflict over homosexuality within American psychiatry. PMID- 7040545 TI - Obeying the laws of hereditary descent: phrenological views on inheritance and eugenics. AB - Phrenologists were the first social scientists to construct a view of human nature in which the inheritability of both physical and mental qualities played a major role. This paper shows that phrenologists addressed many of the same issues that were later to be addressed by social Darwinists and eugenicists. The context within which the phrenologists addressed these issues, however, was that of early nineteenth-century health reform. Phrenological views of inheritance were intimately connected with the phrenological credo that humans are part of nature and therefore must live according to the laws of nature. PMID- 7040546 TI - [Development of neuron structure of the fascia dentata in the rat. Neurohistologico-morphometric, ultrastructural and experimental study]. AB - In the brains of male white rats some structural parameters of granule neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus such as cytoarchitectonical arrangement of these cells, structure of dendrites and dendritic spines were analyzed during ontogenetic development as well as changes in these parameters due to modified external conditions (acoustic stimulation, dark rearing, cerebrolysine administration). Transmission electron microscopy as well as cytologic and morphometric methods were employed. Under normal conditions the adult cytoarchitectonical pattern of the dentate gyrus was reached at postnatal day 20 (P 20). At the ultrastructural level the differentiation of the neuronal perikarya during ontogenesis was determined by the size of the nucleus, occurrence of rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosoms and polysoms, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria between birth and postnatal day 90 (P 0--P 90). Synaptogenesis starts in the perinatal period in form of immature axo-somatic and axo-dendritic contacts. In adults a pronounced structural variability of synapses and the presence of complex spines was found. The average density of spines increased considerably with age in isolated dendritic segments as well as over the whole length of a dendrite. The density was at P--P 2: 0,03; P 5: 0,04; P 8: 0,09; P 10: 0,1; P 15: 0,17; P 20: 0,23; P 30: 0,48; P 180: 0,62 spines per micrometer dendrite. The postnatal development of the neurons under experimental conditions was characterized by significant augmentations of the spine numbers mainly in the early postnatal phase: Controls at P 15 with 0,17, after dark rearing 0,30, after Cerebrolysine 0,32, after acoustic stimulation 0,33 spines per micrometer dendrite. At P 30 only dark rearing resulted in significant augmentation of the spine number (0,63 spines per micrometer dendrite against 0,48 in controls). The data obtained after acoustic stimulation and dark rearing point to a widespread influence of external stimuli on neuronal development not only confined to the corresponding visual or acoustic pathway. The Cerebrolysine results during early postnatal development can be explained by a stimulation of protein synthesis and, hence, of the neurogenesis. PMID- 7040547 TI - Economic aspects of the rationing of nursing home beds. AB - State governments, with federal subsidies under the Medicaid program, are the source of the largest share of expenditures to support patients in the long-term institutional nursing care. A major state policy tool that has been evolving is the authority to approve or deny expansions in bed capacity. This paper is an analysis of how the behavior of physicians and nursing homes operates, given present reimbursement policies, could determine the allocation of beds among patients. Both general evidence of inefficient allocation and the detailed experience in the State of Rhode Island before and after a period of rapid expansion of bed capacity lend support to the conceptual model of home-operator behavior. Some alternative structural reforms in Medicaid and in the rationing of beds are suggested in the final section. PMID- 7040548 TI - The evaluation of limiting dilution assays. AB - Theoretical and practical aspects of limiting dilution assays are considered, and the maximum likelihood solution is illustrated by two worked examples. These examples show up the inferiority of the conventional regression analysis, while the advantages of the maximum likelihood over minimum chi-square methods are covered in the discussion. A program, which will perform all the necessary calculations on a pocket calculator, is listed in the Appendix. PMID- 7040549 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) used in a solid phase enzyme immunoassay. First clinical results. AB - A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using both mouse monoclonal and goat polyclonal antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was developed. The assay detects 0.6 to 1.2 ng of CEA per ml of serum and has 3 incubation steps which can be performed in 1 day. Polystyrene balls coated with polyclonal goat anti-CEA antibodies are first incubated with heat-extracted serum samples. Bound CEA is then detected by addition of mouse monoclonal antibodies, followed by goat IgG anti-mouse IgG1 coupled to alkaline phosphatase. Results with this enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies (M-EIA) have been compared with those obtained by the conventional inhibition radioimmunoassay (RIA) using goat antiserum. Three hundred and eighty serum samples from 167 patients with malignant or non-malignant diseases and from 134 normal individuals with or without heavy smoking habits were analyzed by the 2 assays. Excellent correlation between the results of the 2 assays was obtained, but the M-EIA, using monoclonal antibodies from a single hybridoma, did not discriminate better than the conventional RIA between CEA produced by different types of carcinoma and between CEA associated with malignant or non-malignant diseases. Follow-up studies of several patients by sequential CEA determinations with the 2 assays showed that the M-EIA was as accurate as the RIA for the detection of tumor recurrences. PMID- 7040550 TI - Immobilization of proteins by entrapment in polyacrylamide microbeads. PMID- 7040551 TI - A new combined assay of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Escherichia coli by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - A new combined radiometric assay is described in which adherence, and phagocytosis and killing of Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) are simultaneously measured in the same sample. Pure monolayers of PMN in Petri dishes are allowed to ingest [14C]phenylalanine labelled E. coli and excess bacteria are removed by washing. A period of incubation allows intracellular killing to occur while polymyxin-B is added to half the dishes to kill extracellular bacteria. The remaining viable bacteria in all dishes are labelled with [3H]thymidine. The number of ingested bacteria and the percentage of intracellular organisms killed is determined from the 14C and 3H counts by a simple subtraction technique. By performing protein assays on representative monolayers, the number of PMN adhered in the monolayers and hence the mean bacterial uptake per PMN is estimated. The assay detected killing efficiencies reduced below the normal range, in monolayers treated with sodium azide, phenylbutazone, in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with chronic granulomatous disease, and in immature neutrophils from the promyelocytic leukaemic cell line, HL60. The assay was adapted to measure phagocytosis and killing by cells in suspension. PMID- 7040552 TI - A new assay for leukocyte chemotaxis using cell retrieval, electronic particle counting and flow cytometry. AB - A new micropore membrane assay for leukocyte migration has been devised. It permits the complete retrieval in monodisperse suspension of functionally intact cells that have traversed the membrane, thus allowing the application of precise, automated techniques, including flow cytometry and electronic particle counting. Hemocytometers may also be used. Direct comparison with 2 different conventional membrane methods showed that the new method performed superiorly. It was also much more economical with regard to time and labor. This technique permitted detection of functional differences between leukocytes isolated from blood in different ways. Data on the duration of concentration gradients in chemotaxis chambers are also presented. PMID- 7040553 TI - Detection of plaque-forming cells by a latex bead technique. AB - A new latex bead technique for measuring the plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to bacterial antigens is described. This technique has been designed for the study of antigens that cannot be readily coated onto SRBC but may also used for antigens that adsorb onto SRBC as well. Application of the latex based technique for the study of PFC response of hamsters to Treponema reiter antigen is described in detail. Using SIII, an antigen that readily adsorbs to SRBC, we have compared the latex bead technique and the conventional SRBC-PFC technique and found that the latex bead technique is more sensitive than the conventional technique. The technique can be used for direct and indirect PFC assays. Technical details for the optimal performance of the latex bead PFC assay are outlined. PMID- 7040554 TI - Elicitation of peritoneal polymorphonuclear neutrophils from mice. AB - Although the mouse has been used extensively as a model for the study of host parasite relationships, murine neutrophils have not been used nearly as often as PMNs from other species for in vitro functional assays due to lack of a commonly used procedure for murine neutrophil collection. These studies compared two eliciting agents and characterized the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of murine polymorphonuclear neutrophils elicited from the peritoneal cavity. We examined the effects of mouse strain (BALB/c, C57BL/6 and DBA/2) and sex, eliciting agent (0.2% glycogen vs. 3% fluid thioglycolate medium) and donor sacrifice method (ether vs. cervical dislocation) on the number of neutrophils recovered in peritoneal exudate. The greatest number of neutrophils was harvested when mice were sacrificed 5 h after intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 ml of 3% thioglycolate medium. This method as described allows reproducible collection of adequate numbers of neutrophils for use in in vitro assays of neutrophils phagocytic and bactericidal function. PMID- 7040555 TI - Inhibition of yeast phagocytosis and cell spreading by glucocorticoids in cultures of resident murine peritoneal macrophages. AB - This study was initiated to determine whether the inhibition of phagocytosis and cell spreading in cortisol-treated cultures of resident murine peritoneal macrophages are glucocorticoid-directed responses. Phagocytosis of heat-killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cell spreading were measured in control and steroid treated macrophage cultures over 6 days. When the cultures were exposed to testosterone, progesterone, or epicortisol, phagocytosis and cell spreading were similar to controls. In contrast, both macrophage functions were inhibited significantly in cultures treated with cortisol, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, and triamcinolone acetonide. In addition, the rate of phagocytosis was retarded and phagocytic indices (i.e., yeast particle number/cell) were reduced in glucocorticoid-treated cultures. Dose-response studies with dexamethasone demonstrated that the ED50 for the inhibitory effect on phagocytosis was 20 nM. These results indicate that the inhibition of yeast phagocytosis and cell spreading in the steroid-treated cultures are specific glucocorticoid-directed responses. PMID- 7040556 TI - Stress and the physician. PMID- 7040557 TI - Care of children with diabetes in Indiana. As indicated by statistics gathered at Indiana's Camp for Children with Diabetes. PMID- 7040558 TI - An in vitro model of immune complex-mediated basement membrane zone separation caused by pemphigoid antibodies, leukocytes, and complement. AB - In this study, an in vitro model of immune complex-mediated basement membrane zone separation caused by periphigoid antibodies, serum complement, and peripheral blood leukocytes is described. When cryostat sections of fresh-frozen normal human skin were treated with either of 4 bullous pemiphigoid sera containing complement-activating anti-basement membrane zone antibodies and subsequently incubated at 37 degrees C with normal human peripheral blood leukocytes and fresh human serum, leukocytes attached to 96% of the basement membrane zone in 100% of sections. Sixty-seven percent of the sections developed focal areas of basement membrane zone separation resembling dermal-epidermal separation described in early pemphigoid lesions. In control sections in which either leukocytes, pemphigoid antibody or fresh human serum were omitted, significantly less leukocyte attachment and basement membrane zone separation occurred. Evidence that leukocytes caused separation was supported by an absolute requirement for viable leukocytes during incubation, a high correlation between leukocyte attachment and separation and experiments showing that leukocytes attached to the basement membrane zone were activated. This study provides the first in vitro evidence directly supporting a functional role for immune-complex mediated inflammation in the pathogenesis of basement membrane zone separation and blisters in bullous pemphigoid. PMID- 7040559 TI - Enhancement of specific immunofluorescent findings with use of a para phenylenediamine mounting buffer. AB - A recently described immunofluorescence mounting buffer containing para phenylenediamine prevents fading of specific staining in skin sections during microscopic examination, and allows better appreciation of morphological detail. Examination of slides at high powers with intense illumination, as well as improved photomicrographs, are possible with this reagent. PMID- 7040560 TI - Effect of duration of exposure on diarrhea due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in travelers from the United States to Mexico. PMID- 7040561 TI - [Calmodulin and cytoskeletal system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040562 TI - [Proteins of microvillus microfilament system of intestinal epithelial cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040564 TI - [End shapes and insertion loading of diamond point]. PMID- 7040563 TI - [Occlusal impression taking in edentulous jaw]. PMID- 7040565 TI - [Flange technic]. PMID- 7040566 TI - [Repeated casting of gold-silver-palladium alloys]. PMID- 7040567 TI - [Relationship between electrolyte balance and the function of the renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system in fetuses and neonates (author's transl)]. AB - In order to establish the relationship between renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (R-A ALDO), water and electrolyte balance in fetuses and neonates, a series of their plasma levels were evaluated concurrently and the following results were obtained. Neonates at delivery with birth weights in excess of 3.0 kg, consistently showed high umbilical plasma levels of ALDO, deoxycorticosterone (DOC), plasma renin activity (PRA) and angiotensin-II (A-II). Potassium (K+), sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) levels were roughly equivalent in both maternal and fetal compartments. In umbilical arteries (UA), ALDO showed a definite relationship with 18OH-B and ACTH, however, did not for DOC, A-II, Na+ or K+. A comparison between umbilical vein (UV) and UA, revealed a relationship between ALDO, 18OH-B and PRA. Neonatal DOC, PRA, A-II and ACTH decreased significantly during the 1st post partum day in the presence of a rapid increase of 18OH-B and ALDO to levels in excess of that found in UA, these conditions persist up to the 3rd post partum day. Neonates with birth weights of less than 2.5 kg showed high ALDO, PRA, A-II ad K+ levels in the umbilical plasma, especially the UA. Comparing these neonates with those exceeding 3.0 kg birth weight revealed that in the UA, ALDO and K+ were at high levels. Neonatal PRA, A-II, Na+ and K+ showed no demonstrable variations up to the 8th post partum day and DOC after day 1 increased in the presence of a decrease in ALDO levels during day 1 and 18OH-B during day 3. Comparison of findings between the R-A-ALDO, water and electrolyte balance in fetuses and neonates are discussed. PMID- 7040568 TI - [Combined administration of cisplatin and adriamycin in active ovarian neoplasm]. PMID- 7040569 TI - [Development of Immunoassay of Urinary urokinase inhibitor using biological binding activity of urokinase and urokinase inhibitor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040570 TI - The effects of bile salts on the radioimmunoassay of hormonal peptides. AB - The effect of bile salts on RIAs of secretin, glucagon, insulin, and gastrin have been studied. Increasing concentrations of the sodium salts of taurocholic, glycochenodeoxycholic, taurochenodeoxycholic, glycocholic, and taurodeoxycholic acids progressively inhibit the binding of 125I-secretin to specific antibody, resulting in significant lowering of the B/F ratio at concentrations as low as 0.04 mM and almost complete inhibition at concentrations above 2.4 mM. The nonspecific inhibition by taurodeoxycholate results in a B/F vs. concentration curve resembling a secretion standard curve. The binding of 125I-secretin to charcoal is also inhibited by increasing concentrations of bile salts, although this effect is less marked than their effects on the immune reaction. The binding of 125I-glucagon, 125I-insulin, and 125I-gastrin to specific antisera is also inhibited by sodium taurocholate. Insulin binding is least affected. However, gastrin binding is inhibited by sodium taurocholate at a concentration as low as 0.2. The binding of 125I-insulin and 125I-gastrin to charcoal is also inhibited by sodium taurocholate. Thus bile salts interfere in the RIA of hormonal peptides by inhibiting both the immune reaction and the binding of labeled antigen to charcoal. These nonspecific effects must therefore be considered in RIA of body fluids containing high concentrations of bile salts. Treatment of plasma samples with anionic-binding resins can eliminate interference caused by high bile salt concentrations. However, these resins will also remove anionic hormonal peptides such as gastrin. PMID- 7040571 TI - The use of thin split-skin grafting after diagnostic--therapeutic tumour removal. PMID- 7040572 TI - Update on organ donation in Georgia. PMID- 7040573 TI - Fifty years of cardiology in Alabama. PMID- 7040574 TI - The Colonel of Orangevale. PMID- 7040576 TI - War of the roses in Union Springs. PMID- 7040575 TI - Thorns in our garland. PMID- 7040577 TI - Defense mechanisms, infection, antibiotic therapy, and immunizations in the elderly. PMID- 7040578 TI - Dr. Smith: "somebody has to do it". PMID- 7040579 TI - Stereotactic neurosurgery using 3-D image data from computed tomography. AB - During the last decade computer tomography (CT) scanners have provided images that show internal anatomy of unsurpassed resolution and that, since they are inherently digital, a format computer graphics software can easily process. By combining CT images, a specially designed head-mounted instrument, and the software to coordinate them, improved surgical accuracy can result for stereotactic surgery. Using the head-mounted frame and the interactive computer software described here, the entire stereotactic approach is transportable to computer systems of three major CT manufacturers. Neurosurgeons now have a tool that allows trajectory selection and probe placement entirely within the CT suite. Compared with conventional stereotaxis, the CT-aided approach offers increased accuracy, with a significant fluid contrast injection for finding reference points and the avoidance of important brain structures due to the direct visualization afforded with CT. Key interactive features are shown here that allow unrestricted views of anatomy in the area of surgical interest. For example, oblique views that are normal to the trajectory of neurosurgical instruments are extracted in real time during the surgical procedure. Standard sagittal (lateral) and coronal (frontal) image planes are also shown integrated with the interactive technique. The surgical procedure is outlined and details of the pattern recognition technique for image-to-frame registration are presented. Test, phantom, and patient results are given. PMID- 7040580 TI - An experimental transformation of a large expert knowledge base. AB - An experiment is described in which a significant part of the INTERNIST knowledge base for diagnosis in internal medicine is translated into an EXPERT model. INTERNIST employs the largest and broadest knowledge base of all the medical consultation systems that have been developed in recent years. EXPERT is a general system for designing consultation models. The translated model shows reasonable competence in the final diagnostic classification of 431 test cases. There are differences in the internal representation and reasoning relatively uniform manner, this experiment demonstrates the feasibility of transfer of knowledge between large-scale expert systems. PMID- 7040581 TI - Acute and chronic effects of diltiazem on A-V conduction at rest and during exercise. AB - The acute and chronic electrocardiographic effects of diltiazem, a drug which inhibits calcium passage through slow channels, were examined both at rest and during symptom-limited exercise. In the acute study, 12 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), three patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and one patient with both CAD and HCM performed symptom-limited upright exercise prior to and one hour after receiving 120 mg oral dose of diltiazem. In the chronic study, three dose levels of diltiazem (120 mg/day, 180 mg/day, 240 mg/day) were compared with placebo in ten patients with CAD. Each patient received one week of placebo followed by placebo or diltiazem in a double-blind random cross-over fashion, so that each patient received four weeks of placebo and three weeks of diltiazem, one week at each dose level. Each week, symptom limited upright exercise testing was performed. In the acute study, diltiazem did not significantly affect the mean PR, QRS, QTC intervals or the heart rate at rest or at maximal exercise. In one patient, diltiazem markedly slowed the ventricular response to atrial fibrillation and in another patient, provoked transient Mobitz I block. In the chronic study, the only significant difference observed was a prolongation of the resting PR interval on the 240 mg/day dose schedule (p less than .005). PMID- 7040582 TI - Persistence of immunoreactive insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide in the plasma of depancreatized chickens. AB - The present study evaluates the possibility that an extra-pancreatic source of insulin exists in chickens. The effect of pancreatectomy on plasma levels of immunoreactive insulin (IRI), glucagon (IRG) and pancreatic polypeptide (IRAPP) was examined . Plasma levels of IRI, IRG and IRAPP were measured both in the basal state and after an i.v. challenge with known secretogogues at several times after pancreatectomy. The nature of the avian plasma immunoreactivity was further characterized by gel filtration. Results indicated that plasma IRI and IRG persisted for 5 h, 24 h and 5 days after pancreatectomy. Furthermore, plasma levels of IRI and IRG remained responsive to the stimulus of i.v. arginine. The Sephadex G-50 elution profiles for IRI and IRG were similar for plasma obtained from both depancreatized and intact chickens. Postmortem tissue analyses indicated that the persistence of IRI and IRG in the depancreatized animals was not due to the presence of pancreatic remnants. Plasma IRAPP decreased to undetectable levels 5h after pancreatectomy. Although plasma IRAPP was measurable 1 and 5 days after pancreatectomy, these levels were not responsive to i.v. pentagastrin. Furthermore, gel filtration experiments indicated that the only form of IRAPP remaining after pancreatectomy had an apparent mol. wt of greater than 100 000. Such a compound was not secreted by the pancreas in vitro. Evidence presented herein indicates that pancreatic polypeptide is the only pancreatic hormone to be eliminated from the circulation after pancreatectomy in chickens. It is suggested that the depancreatized chicken might be useful as a model of a 'selective pancreatic polypeptide deficiency. PMID- 7040583 TI - Patterns of plasma concentrations of insulin and glucagon after intravascular and intraruminal administration of volatile fatty acids in the goat. AB - To determine whether volatile fatty acids (VFA) are involved in the regulation of plasma concentrations of insulin of glucagon in the goat, VFA, separately or in combination, were administered into the jugular vein, the portal vein or the rumen, and their effect on pancreatic hormones as well as on VFA measured in venous blood. Propionate, n-butyrate and n-valerate, but not acetate, injected in pharmacological doses, were potent stimuli not only of the secretion into the plasma of insulin but also of glucagon. As regards insulin, the response to VFA was probably not mediated to an appreciable extent by glucose or glucagon. Beta Hydroxybutyrate did not mediate the effect of n-butyrate on insulin and glucagon. The effects of VFA appear to be peculiar to the ruminant since in the rat injection of similar doses resulted in either no changes or very small changes of plasma insulin and glucagon. Intraportal infusions over 4h of mixtures of VFA, resulting in less extreme, more physiological blood concentration of VFA, elicited sudden transient increases in insulin and to a lesser extent in glucagon. After these peaks insulin and glucagon declined to preinfusion levels and remained virtually unaltered during the remainder of the infusion in spite of sustained, raised concentrations of VFA in the peripheral circulation. These results suggest that under these conditions the rate of increase of VFA is a signal for the secretion of pancreatic hormones. Intraruminal infusions, representing a more physiological route of administration, of single VFA at high rates resulted in a small increase in insulin for propionate infusion only, whereas a mixture of VFA at a physiological rate induced barely any change in insulin or glucagon. It is concluded that under physiological conditions the rate of increase of VFA may contribute to the insulin secretion in the free-feeding goat, but it is unlikely that VFA are the sole controlling agents of insulin release. It is even less probable that the release of glucagon is governed by VFA in the free-feeding goat. PMID- 7040584 TI - Feedback effect of oestrogen on luteinizing hormone secretion by the rat pituitary gland. AB - Ovariectomized rats with neural deafferentation at the level of the posterior border of the anterior hypothalamic area (AC rats) were used to re-evaluate the direct feedback effect of oestrogen on the regulation of LH secretion by the pituitary gland. Synthetic LH releasing hormone (LH-RH; 300 ng/kg), injected at 30 min intervals into AC rats with undetectable basal LH, induced pulsatile increase of serum LH concentrations. Oestradiol-7Beta (5 micrograms), administered i.v. just before the first LH-RH injection, significantly decreased the LH response to a second injection of LH-RH given 30 min later and to subsequent injections. Maximal inhibition was 58%. Oestradiol 17 beta (5 micrograms) given i.v. to control ovariectomized rats decreased serum LH concentrations 40 min after administration; the maximum reduction being 52%. An s.c. injection of oestradiol benzoate (5 micrograms) increased pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH by the next day in AC rats but decreased serum LH levels in control ovariectomized rats. These results indicate that acute inhibitory and chronic facilitatory effects of oestrogen on LH secretion are exerted at the pituitary gland, without a change in LH-RH secretion. The prolonged inhibitory effect of oestrogen is at the level of the hypothalamus and causes a reduction in LH-RH secretion. PMID- 7040585 TI - Concentrations of testosterone in neonatal male rats suckled naturally and hand fed. AB - Concentrations of testosterone were measured daily in plasma of neonatal male rats from the day of birth for 7 days. It was found that a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in mean plasma levels of testosterone occurs on day 2 life, followed by a decrease on day 3. Separation of male rat pups from their mothers on the second day of life for as little as 2 h was associated with a significant (P less than 0.001) fall i plasma testosterone concentration. Hand-feeding the pups with a proprietary human milk substitute (milk-replacer) from birth until the expected time of the testosterone peak resulted in no increase in plasma levels of testosterone; inclusion of an antiserum to LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in the milk-replacer decreased the testosterone levels as did removing any supposed endogenous LH-RH in the milk replacer. Addition of a highly potent analogue of LH-RH, either in the presence or absence of the LH-RH antiserum, to the milk-replacer resulted in mean plasma levels of testosterone similar to those in naturally suckled rats. Rats fed with human milk showed an increase in plasma levels of testosterone. It is concluded that the increase in the plasma testosterone concentration found in male rat pups on the second day of life, which may have an important effect on the organization of the brain, is provoked indirectly by LH-RH ingested during suckling. PMID- 7040587 TI - Influence of the renin-angiotensin system in the renal haemodynamic responses to modest renal nerve stimulation in the rat. AB - The renal nerves of the left kidney of sodium-replete anaesthetized rats were stimulated for 30-min periods at 2-3 Hz (15 V, 0.2 ms). Renal blood flow was reduced by 22% and glomerular filtration rate by 14% which resulted in a rise in filtration fraction of 12%. Circulating plasma renin activity was increased by 30% during such nerve stimulation. In rats treated for 3-4 weeks with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and saline (150 mM-NaCl) basal values of arterial blood pressure, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction were not significantly different from those observed in sodium-replete rats. However, plasma renin activity was lower, being approximately one-third of that observed in sodium-replete animals. Stimulation of the renal nerves in rats treated with DOCA and saline resulted in a fall in renal blood flow of 32% and a much larger fall in glomerular filtration rate of 33% which resulted in no change in filtration fraction. Plasma renin activity was not changed by renal nerve stimulation in the animals treated with DOCA and saline. It is suggested that these renal responses provide evidence in the rat for a role of locally generated angiotensin II in regulating glomerular filtration rate during electrical activation of the renal nerves by causing preferential vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole. PMID- 7040586 TI - Fetal growth inhibition and decreased thyroid activity after injection of oestradiol benzoate into pregnant rats. PMID- 7040588 TI - Dynamic changes in pituitary responses to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone after ovariectomy in the rat. AB - Changes in pituitary responses to pulses of LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) after ovariectomy in the rat have been investigated with an in-vitro perifusion system. On the third day after ovariectomy there was a large increase in the responsiveness of the pituitary gland to LH-RH compared with days 1 and 2 and this preceded the first significant rise in circulating concentrations of LH. Exaggerated responses were observed on all subsequent days tested (days 4, 6, 10, 18 and 28) although the size of the response on day 10 was significantly lower compared with days 6, 18 or 28. It is suggested that the early phase of increased pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH results from a rise in pituitary LH-RH receptors, which increases both the synthesis of LH and the response to exogenous LH-RH. The reduced LH response, measured on day 10, may correlate with an increase in the endogenous secretion of LH-RH and an imbalance between LH synthesis and secretion at this time. PMID- 7040589 TI - Spending priorities in Kent: a Delphi study. PMID- 7040590 TI - Mechanism of augmentation of the antibody response in vitro by 2-mercaptoethanol in murine lymphocytes. I. 2-Mercaptoethanol-induced stimulation of the uptake of cystine, an essential amino acid. AB - The mechanism of augmentation of the primary antibody response in vitro by 2 mercaptoethanol (2-ME) was investigated. By using cystine-free RPMI 1640 medium, it was demonstrated that cyst(e)ine was absolutely required for eliciting the following murine lymphocyte reactions: antibody response to sheep erythrocytes, proliferative response to concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and polyclonal antibody response induced by LPS. The maximal antibody response was attained with 2.5-5 mM cysteine or half-cystine. The serial feeding of fresh cysteine markedly amplified its capacity to support antibody response particularly when cysteine concentration was suboptimal. Such an effect was not observed in the serial addition of cystine. On the other hand, the dose-response curve of cystine was dramatically shifted to lower concentrations by the addition of 2-ME (1 x 10(-5) M), which alone could not elicit the antibody response in the absence of cystine, nor could it augment furthermore the maximal response induced by 2.5 mM half-cystine. Commercially available RPMI 1640 medium contains 0.41 mM half-cystine, which proved to be a suboptimal concentration for eliciting the maximal response. 35S-cystine was incorporated into murine lymphocytes five to six times more slowly than 35S-cysteine. The rate of cystine uptake, however, was accelerated by 2.5-fold in the presence of 1 x 10(-5) M 2-ME. A close correlation was observed between dose-response profiles of 2-ME in augmenting the antibody response and the stimulation of cystine uptake. These results strongly suggest that one of the roles of 2-ME in augmenting the antibody response in vitro is to facilitate the use of cystine contained in RPMI 1640 medium only at a suboptimal concentration. PMID- 7040591 TI - Deposition of idiotype-anti-idiotype immune complexes in renal glomeruli after polyclonal B cell activation. AB - We investigated the possible role of idiotypic interactions in the pathogenesis of the glomerular lesions observed in mice undergoing polyclonal B cell activation. BALB/c mice were studied for the presence of renal deposits of T15 idiotype-anti-T15 idiotype-immune complexes (IC) after injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The T15 idiotype is the major idiotype of BALB/c mice anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) antibodies, which are cross-reactive with the idiotype of the TEPC-15 myeloma protein. This model was used because T15 idiotype anti-T15 idiotype IC have been detected in the circulation of BALB/c mice after polyclonal B cell activation. First, an idiotype-specific immunofluorescence technique allowed us to detect T15 idiotype-bearing immunoglobulins in glomeruli from day 6 to day 28 after LPS injection. Second, fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated TEPC-15 myeloma protein was found to localize in the glomeruli after in vivo injection 18 d after LPS administration. This renal localization was shown to be idiotype-specific and could be quantified in a trace-labeling experiment. Third, kidney-deposited immunoglobulins of mice injected with LPS were eluted, radiolabeled, and analyzed by radioimmunoassay. Both T15 idiotype bearing immunoglobulins and anti-T15 idiotype antibodies were detected in the eluates, providing further evidence for a renal deposition of T15 idiotype-anti T15 idiotype IC. Polyclonal B cell activation is likely to result in a simultaneous triggering of many idiotypic clones and of corresponding anti idiotypic clones represented in the B cell repertoire. This could lead to the formation of a variety of idiotype-anti-idiotype IC that could participate in the development of glomerular lesions. PMID- 7040592 TI - [Effects of haemolysis, urea and bilirubin on the precision of digoxin and insulin radioimmunoassays (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of haemolysis, uraemia and hyperbilirubinaemia on the radioimmunoassay for both digoxin and insulin has been investigated for five separation techniques (dextran/charcoal; coated tube; polyethyleneglycol 4000; sodium sulphite; double antibody). Recoveries, and intra- and interassay precision were calculated. It was demonstrated that even in serum samples with a rather high degree of haemolysis (haemoglobin up to 50 g/l)digoxin can be measured by using each of the five separation techniques without any significant interference. Visible haemolysis (haemoglobin above 200 mg/l) leads either to disturbance or to a complete failure of insulin radioimmunoassays with all separation techniques. This effect can be largely neutralized, and precision improved, by using N-ethylmaleimide. With the exception of the coated tube separation technique the intraassay precision has a CV of less than 10%, and the interassay CV is between 10 and 20%. Elevated urea concentrations interfered in the digoxin radioimmunoassay only when the coated tube technique was used. The insulin radioimmunoassay, however was affected by high urea when either the double antibody or the coated tube technique was used. Here the intraassay precision also has a coefficient of variation less than 10%, the interassay CV lying between 10 and 20%. Bilirubin influenced the digoxin test when the sodium sulphite separation was used, and it affected the insulin determinations with polyethyleneglycol 4000 and sodium sulphite. The intra- and interassay precision were however also around 10% and between 10 and 20% respectively. Compared with the interassay precision of 15% CV for digoxin and 13% for insulin for a pool serum from blood donors, the decrease of interassay precision caused by haemolysis, uraemia and hyperbilirubinaemia was insignificant. PMID- 7040593 TI - [Determination of propafenone in plasma by HPLC with direct isotope dilution (author's transl)]. AB - A high performance liquid chromatography method based on the principle of direct isotope dilution is described for the determination of propafenone in plasma. With a sample volume of 2 ml and quantification by peak height measurements the lower limit of detection is about 2.5 micrograms/l, and the lower limit of determination about 10 micrograms/l. Values up to 250 micrograms/l are subject to a mean weighted relative error of 3.5%. At concentrations above 20 micrograms/l this method shows the same accuracy and reproducibility as the analytical procedure employing internal standardization with analogues. The method is made independent of possible storage losses by internal standardization of each sample immediately after withdrawal. PMID- 7040594 TI - Enzyme enhanced luminescence immunoassay for the determination of transferrin concentrations in serum. AB - An enzyme enhanced luminescence immunoassay has been developed using the determination of serum transferrin as a model. The assay has been compared with an established radioimmunoassay, the details of which have already been published (Wood, W. G. et al. (1980) Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 301, 120). After comparison, the luminescence immunoassay was introduced as the routine method for determining transferrin levels in human serum. The enzyme enhanced luminescence immunoassay uses a pyruvate kinase labelled transferrin as tracer, which, after the antibody antigen reaction and subsequent bound-free separation, is used to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate(ADP) and phosphoenol pyruvate. The ATP is then monitored with a firefly luciferin-luciferase reagent, using a luminometer as detection system. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were under 10% and under 13% respectively in the range 0.6-4.5 g . liter-1. The stability of the lyophilised tracer was in excess of 5 months when stored at 4 degrees C, and the sensitivity of the assay lay under 0.1 micrograms per tube, although the detection limit of this type of assay system has not been fully explored. PMID- 7040595 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of phosphoglycerate kinase isozymes in mouse testes. PMID- 7040596 TI - Effects of ammonia on liver lysosomal functionality in Salmo gairdneri Rich. AB - Salmo gairdneri specimens were exposed for 4-48 hours to three different concentrations of un-ionized ammonia (UIA). An increase in lysosomal sensitivity to osmotic shock and in total proteolytic activity occurs in the liver. The amount of this increase depends upon the exposure time or upon environmental and tissue ammonia levels. On the other hand ammonia does not affect lysosome hydrolases activity in vitro. PMID- 7040597 TI - The reaction of cytochrome o in Escherichia coli K12 with oxygen. Evidence for a spectrally and kinetically distinct cytochrome o in cells from oxygen-limited cultures. AB - Intact cells harvested from O2-limited batch cultures of Escherichi coli K12 contained high levels of the CO-binding cytochromes d, o and a1. In photodissociation difference spectra (i.e. photolysed minus reduced + CO), a peak at 436 nm and a trough at 415 nm have been assigned to an 0-type cytochrome, and not cytochrome d, by photolysis with white light and an He-Ne laser. The reaction of reduced cytochrome o436 with O2 at sub-zero temperatures involved O2 binding to give intermediate(s) with spectral characteristics similar to those of the reduced oxidase-CO complex. The reaction with O2 at successively higher temperatures (range -98 to -59 degrees C) was accompanied by the formation of a trough (with reference to the CO-liganded state) at 436 nm which eventually shifted to 432 nm, indicative of the oxidized form. The apparent energy of activation at low temperatures was 44.6 kJ mol-1 (10.7 kcal mol-1). There was a linear relationship between the rate of formation of the oxygen compound and the O2 concentration up to about 0.5 mM. The second-order constant for this reaction was 10.9 M-1 s-1 at 100 degrees C, at least 10-fold greater than for the reaction of cytochrome o432 with O2 in cells from vigorously aerated cultures. The reaction of both types of cytochrome o with O2 was not readily reversible in the light or in the dark and was further distinguished from the reaction with CO by the markedly lower velocity of the CO reaction. Comparisons are drawn between the reactions with O2 of cytochrome(s) o in E. coli from O2-sufficient and O2-limited cultures and of mitochondrial cytochrome a3. It is proposed that, like the synthesis of cytochrome d, the formation of cytochrome o436 represents an adaptation of the organism to reduced O2 availability. PMID- 7040598 TI - Selection for increased penicillin titre following hybridization of divergent lines of Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Sexual hybridization of two divergent lines of Aspergillus nidulans, which had been selected for increased penicillin titre through successive cycles of mutagenesis, released considerable variation for this character. The recovery of segregants with titres equivalent to that of the unselected ancestor suggested that mutations in different genes had been selected in the two lines. However, complementary segregants with substantially improved titres were not found, indicating interactions, probably of a duplicate nature, among the induced mutations. All the genetic variation released by hybridization was fixed following two generations of selection for high titre, but only a small gain over the initial selection lines was achieved. Hybridization of divergent strains has been widely advocated as a means of strain development. The failure to achieve the anticipated gains in this programme is attributed primarily to the unfavourable interactions amongst the induced mutations. Whether similar interactions occur generally in crosses between strains selected by mutagenesis remains to be established and will be an important factor in determining the contribution of recombinational approaches to yield improvement. PMID- 7040599 TI - Identification of ureaplasmas from cattle using antisera prepared in gnotobiotic calves. AB - Antisera were prepared in gnotobiotic calves to three bovine ureaplasma strains which were selected as representatives of the three clusters of serologically similar, but not identical, strains recognized in previous experiments with rabbit antisera. A further 110 isolates from various organ systems of cattle from six countries reacted by the fluorescent antibody technique with at least one of these bovine antisera and it appears that bovine ureaplasmas can be identified and classified by means of three antisera only. It is suggested that the bovine ureaplasmas could be designated as groups A, B or C, these being further subdivided with rabbit antisera. These findings make possible the screening of cattle for antibody to ureaplasmas with just three antigens and also have implications for immunization. PMID- 7040600 TI - Immunochemical studies on the cell-wall antigen of group B streptococcus, type Ib. AB - A polysaccharide antigen of group B streptococcus type Ib was extracted from sodium dodecyl sulphate-treated cell walls by trichloroacetic acid. In crossed immunoelectrophoresis the polymer reacted with specific antisera to serotypes Ia, Ib and Ic of group B streptococci and with commercial grouping antiserum to give one precipitin line. However, the antigen did not react with antisera to types II and III. The evidence suggests that this polymer confers the group specificity to type Ib of group B streptococci. The polysaccharide, after purification on DEAE cellulose, was shown to consist of rhamnose, glucosamine, galactose, glucose, sialic acid and a trace of phosphorus. PMID- 7040601 TI - Induction of fenarimol-efflux activity in Aspergillus nidulans by fungicides inhibiting sterol biosynthesis. AB - Fungicides inhibiting sterol biosynthesis belong to chemically distinct classes such as imidazole, morpholine, pyridine, pyrimidine and triazole derivatives. Incubation of mycelium of Aspergillus nidulans for 90 min with representatives of these fungicides induced an efflux activity which prevented accumulation of fenarimol, a pyrimidine derivative, into the mycelium. Induction of this efflux activity reduced the fungitoxicity of fenarimol. Addition of oligomycin to mycelium in which fenarimol-efflux activity was induced immediately increased the uptake of fenarimol, indicating that the efflux activity is energy-dependent. Subsequent disruption of membrane permeability with sodium lauryl sulphate instantaneously caused leakage of fenarimol from the mycelium into the medium. The ability to induce fenarimol efflux is rather specific for inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis: except for pimaricin, fungicides with unrelated mechanisms of action did not have this ability. PMID- 7040602 TI - A role for threonine deaminase in the regulation of alpha-acetolactate biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K12. AB - The flow of carbon to alpha-acetolactate is Escherichia coli K12 is shown to involve the endogenous pool of alpha-ketobutyrate (alpha-KB). In vivo, the acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) isoenzymes have an affinity for alpha-KB sufficiently high that alpha-acetolactate production is severely limited when alpha K-B is supplied exogenously. The ability of threonine deaminase to make alpha-KB is correlated with the synthesis of the AHAS isoenzymes. Mutations in ilvA that alter the catalytic and allosteric properties of threonine deaminase affect alpha-KB production and the expression of the AHAS isoenzymes in a direct way. The ilv A538 mutation results in a feedback-hypersensitive threonine deaminase ans slow alpha-KB and AHAS production. A spontaneous revertant of an ilvA538 strain expressing a feedback-resistant threonine deaminase produces alpha KB and AHAS more quickly. A physiological role for the activator (valine) site on threonine deaminase is proposed and valine is shown to increase alpha-KB production in vivo. Valine can thus regulate its own biosynthetic pathway without jeopardizing the production of isoleucine. The physiological implications of the role of alpha-KB in the biosynthesis of acetolactate are discussed. PMID- 7040603 TI - Distribution of group E colicin types in Shiraz, Iran. AB - Seventy-six (7.5%) of 1007 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Shigella and Salmonella from patients in Saadi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, produced colicins of group E. The majority of isolates produced colicin E1 and none produced colicins E2 or E3. This is the first report of the production of colicin E4 Horak by strains of Salmonella and of colicins E5 and E6 by strains other than Shigella sonnei, and only the second report of the isolation of any strain producing colicin E7. PMID- 7040604 TI - A review of current casting alloys. PMID- 7040605 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations and surface membrane immunoglobulins in myasthenia gravis. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in 16 myasthenic patients by means of E and EA7s rosettes and surface membrane immunofluorescence. Myasthenic patients showed an increase in lymphocytes with surface IgM an IgD when compared to a control group. In female patients this increase was highly significant, and lymphocytes bearing membrane IgG and IgA were also augmented. No difference was found in male patients when compared with sex-matched controls. These results suggest an activation of the B cell compartment restricted to female patients, and support the hypothesis of different immunopathogenetic mechanisms in this disease. PMID- 7040606 TI - Glial fibrillary acidic protein and induced differentiation of glia in vitro. AB - Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a protein largely limited to astrocytes, is abundant and uniformly distributed in spindle-shaped human astrocytoma cells in early explants in culture but becomes predominantly perinuclear as the cells assume a "flat" irregular (epithelioid) shape. GFAP moves from the predominantly perinuclear site to the periphery of the cells and into the developing processes of those cells in which differentiation has been induced by serum starvation in minimum essential medium (MEM). This redistribution of GFAP does not occur in a small percentage of cells, specifically those in which low serum concentration fails to induce morphologic differentiation. In Eagle's basal medium (BME), which, combined with serum starvation, fails to induce differentiation, there is no shift of GFAP. Spontaneously differentiated cells in media wtih 10% serum, differ morphologically from cells with induced differentiation; in the former the cell bodies are smaller and the processes better developed and longer. GFAP in the spontaneously differentiated cells is distributed throughout the cytoplasm and the processes and is more abundant than in cells with induced differentiation. The results suggest the following: (1) GFAP redistribution plays a role in glial differentiation and process formation. (2) There are differences between spontaneous and induced differentiation. (3) There is some critical difference between MEM and BME in the induction of differentiation. (4) A heterogeneous expression of GFAP is implied in the variable staining of cells grown from different primary tumors. Also it is hypothesized that GFAP may play an inhibitory role in highly plastic movements of astrocytes but not in extension and retraction movements of processes. PMID- 7040607 TI - Changes in expression of glial antigens M1 and C1 after cerebellar injury. AB - In response to mechanical injury in the adult mouse cerebellum, Bergmann glia and astrocytes of the granular layer exhibit abnormally increased expression of M1 antigen, while expression of C1 antigen in Bergmann glia is reduced. these reciprocal changes in two different astrocytic antigenic determinants (each recognized by monoclonal antibodies) are easily detected in the immediate area of the wound 4 days after the lesion. Although loss of C1 antigen from Bergmann glia remains localized to the area of the wound, abnormal M1 expression becomes widespread in cerebellar astrocytes, also affecting the contralateral side of the injured cerebellum at its peak 8 to 12 days after injury. These findings suggest that previous observations of abnormal expression of the two antigens in the cerebellum of mutant mice (Sommer, I., and M. Schachner (1981) J. Supramol. Struct. 16: 53-74) might be interpreted with the view that a glial reaction to pathological state might be induced by genetically programmed neuronal cell death and/or abnormal development. We therefore postulate that expression of M1 in astrocytes that normally do not express this antigen and repression of C1 in normally positive astrocytes are indicative of a distinct functional state of astroglia, reactive gliosis. PMID- 7040608 TI - A coaxial catheter system for afterloading radioactive sources for the interstitial irradiation of brain tumors. Technical note. PMID- 7040610 TI - Charles Pettigrew's miraculous discovery. PMID- 7040609 TI - Effects of high protein diet on insulin and glucagon secretion in normal rats. AB - The effects of a high protein diet on blood glucose, insulin, and glucagon secretion was studied in the peripheral blood and isolated perfused pancreas of normal rats. A balanced diet (protein 27%, carbohydrate 61%, fat 12%) and a high protein diet (protein 55%, carbohydrate 30%, fat 15%) were given ad libitum to normal rats for 2 weeks. No significant difference in calorie intake or body weight changes were observed between the two groups. Fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations in rats fed the high protein diet were significantly higher than those in rats fed the balanced diet. The fasting plasma glucagon concentration, however, was the same in both groups. In the isolated perfused pancreas, the arginine-induced insulin secretion in rats fed the high protein diet was significantly higher than that in rats fed the balanced diet, whereas the arginine-induced glucagon secretion was not different in either group. The possible mechanism by which a high protein diet causes hypersecretion of insulin in vivo and in vitro are discussed. PMID- 7040611 TI - Pellagra, an historical review. PMID- 7040612 TI - Lichen planus: oral manifestations and suggested treatments. PMID- 7040613 TI - Closure of temporomandibular joint meniscoplasty with figure-of-eight vertical mattress suture. PMID- 7040614 TI - The use of glazing materials for finishing dental composite resin surfaces. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the retention of glazes on polished composite surfaces. Sections of three differently resin-coated composites have been prepared in vitro and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All samples showed an interrupted interstice between glaze and composite. After ultrasonic cleaning of the composite surface, the empty porosities do not provide enough mechanical retention to retain the glaze. The difference in physical properties of both components may explain the releasing of the sealant. Surface conditioning with H3PO4 (37%) enhances the mechanical retention on coarse-grained composites. The same effect occurs using chloroform. The chemical also realized a partial chemical bond. however, it has been proved to be insufficient to prevent glaze releasing. Consequently, the use of glazing materials seems unsuitable for a permanent gloss on composite surfaces. PMID- 7040615 TI - A more efficient biofeedback procedure for the treatment of nocturnal bruxism. AB - The study describes a noval approach in the use of a conditioning procedure for the treatment of nocturnal bruxism. The effectiveness of the procedure is demonstrated through its application with two nocturnal bruxists in controlled study designs. Subject 1 received several variations of this procedure and the result indicated that using a loud tone which she manually reset after awakening was the most effective approach to this treatment. The second study was designed to compare the effectiveness of relaxation training to the conditioning technique. Subject 2 failed to show any decrease in her bruxing behavior when taught relaxation. However, she showed immediate decreases in both frequency and duration of bruxing responses when treated with the biofeedback procedure. The need for future research in this area is discussed with emphasis on the development of low cost, home treatment units. PMID- 7040616 TI - An evaluation of mechanical and adhesive properties of polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements. AB - Mechanical and adhesive properties of polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements were studied. Water had an adverse effect on the compressive and tensile strengths of both materials. Both cements showed good bonding to enamel and dentine. Bonds between polycarboxylate cement and sterling silver were strong enough to cause cohesive failure of the cement rather than adhesive failure, when the specimens were tested. Surface cleaning and conditioning with 5% sodium hypochlorite solution showed an improvement in the bonds of the cements to dentine and they were significantly stronger than the bonds formed after the use of 50% citric acid solution (ASPA conditioner.) PMID- 7040617 TI - You've come a long way, baby! Coke time for the new American lady of the Eighties. PMID- 7040618 TI - Holistic programs for the drug addict & alcoholic. PMID- 7040619 TI - Art therapy with the addicted. PMID- 7040620 TI - Transplantation of adult kidney into the very small child: long-term outcome. AB - Adult kidneys were transplanted into 12 children weighing between 5,400 and 8,800 gm. Ten received parental and two received cadaver grafts. Ten of the 12 children are alive 18 months to 9 years post transplant; eight have their original grafts and two required retransplantation-their original grafts were lost at 4 and 9 years because of chronic rejection. All but these two surviving children had normal or accelerated growth rates despite growth retardation prior to transplant. All children evidenced moderate to severe delay in psychomotor development prior to transplant. Seven of the ten survivors now have normal psychomotor function. Two are behind in school, and one with a degenerative central nervous system disease prior to transplant remains profoundly retarded. We conclude that because of donor availability, capacity for good donor-recipient matching, and minimization of time on dialysis, transplantation of adult kidneys into pediatric patients is preferable to awaiting the relatively uncommon pediatric cadaver donor. We further conclude that the procedure is warranted. PMID- 7040621 TI - Oral clonidine-an effective growth hormone-releasing agent in prepubertal subjects. AB - The effects of clonidine, metoclopramide, and insulin on growth hormone, cortisol, and glucose concentrations in the blood of 17 healthy prepubertal short children (Group A) and five prepubertal growth hormone-deficient children (Group B) were evaluated. The peak serum growth hormone values after insulin and clonidine were significantly higher than after metoclopramide administration. Growth hormone values did not rise above baseline values in Group B patients with any of these three stimuli. Plasma cortisol concentrations did not change with metoclopramide but increased significantly with insulin and decreased significantly after clonidine; no changes in glucose values were noted with either clonidine or metoclopramide. Clonidine appears to be a reliable, sensitive, and safe out-patient stimulation test of growth hormone reserve in prepubertal children, whereas metoclopramide seems not to be a suitable growth hormone-releasing agent in this age group. PMID- 7040623 TI - Renal transplantation in children. PMID- 7040622 TI - An X-linked syndrome of diarrhea, polyendocrinopathy, and fatal infection in infancy. AB - We have studied a patient from a family in which 17 male infants died in the first years of life. The clinical characteristics of this disorder were established from information from eight patients. The features included diarrhea, diabetes mellitus, hemolytic anemia, eczematoid rashes, and exaggerated responses to viral illnesses, combined with pathologic evidence of autodestruction of endocrine glands, insulitis, and thyroiditis with thyroid autoantibodies in one patient. When tested, B-lymphocyte cell function, T cell numbers, polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis, and complement concentrations were normal. Lymphocyte stimulation with phytohemagglutinin was low in one to two affected males and delayed skin test anergy was noted in another, raising the question of a T-lymphocyte cell abnormality. The basic genetic mechanism is unknown, but involvement of an immune response locus on the X chromosome, dysfunction of which is responsible for overactivity of the autoimmune system, is postulated. PMID- 7040624 TI - Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism in a child with lactic acidosis, deafness, and mental retardation. PMID- 7040625 TI - Low peak inspiratory pressure for ventilation of infants with hyaline membrane disease. PMID- 7040626 TI - Robert Goodwyn Allen. PMID- 7040627 TI - Repair of mild hypospadias. AB - A one stage repair is presented for mild hypospadias with or without chordee, entailing a local flap of shaft skin rotated forward to the tip of the glans and tubularized. The two halves of the glans penis are brought together to enclose the neourethra. This procedure results in a normal appearing penis. In 50 cases complications were limited to two meatal stenoses. There were no fistulas. This procedure is not used in cases with greater than minimal deformity. PMID- 7040628 TI - The effect of live E. coli and endotoxin on mortality following massive bowel resection. PMID- 7040629 TI - Perforated stress ulcers in infants. AB - During a 5-yr period, 10 infants less than 1 yr of age developed gastroduodenal perforation during treatment for severe underlying illness. Brisk gastrointestinal hemorrhage preceded perforation in most patients. In contrast to stress ulceration in adults, infants appear to have a higher frequency of single ulcers, perforation, and duodenal (rather than gastric) location. The mortality of 40% in this group, and in those patients reported in the literature who have been treated since 1960, implies that effective preventive and therapeutic measures are not yet available and also emphasizes the serious nature of the underlying disorder. PMID- 7040630 TI - The further localization of antibody on cemental tissue. AB - In order to increase our understanding of the immunologic aspects of periodontal disease, three groups of extracted human teeth were evaluated for the presence of antibody on the cementum surface. Antibody was demonstrated by direct immunofluorescence using monospecific antibody with human alpha , gamma and upsilon chain activity. The cemental surfaces of teeth with no clinical evidence of periodontal disease or teeth with gingivitis demonstrated no antibody. On the other hand, teeth involved with severe periodontal disease demonstrated positive fluorescence on root surfaces within the pockets, indicating the presence of antibody. No fluorescence was seen below the deepest point of the pocket. Furthermore, we have been studying a component recovered from the surface of teeth exposed to a periodontal pocket. Inhibition studies between serum antibody, extracted antigen and the antigen and antibody on the tooth surface suggest that we are dealing with the same antigen-antibody complex in all cases. PMID- 7040631 TI - Effect of a local germicide on the occurrence of bacteremia during subgingival scaling. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of irrigating periodontal pockets with povidone-iodine in reducing the incidence of bacteremia found during subgingival scaling. Twenty male patients requiring subgingival scaling had the following factors recorded on two contralateral groups of three posterior teeth: age, race, mean pocket depth, mobility, and scores of gingival, plaque, calculus, bleeding indices. In control areas, 5 ml blood samples were taken before, during and after scaling through an in dwelling Minicath. In experimental areas, the patients first rinsed with a povidone-iodine mouthwash for 1 minute, and the teeth then received a 3-minute sulcus irrigation with 10% povidone-iodine. Blood samples were taken as with the controls, and also 2 minutes after the irrigation. Blood samples were anaerobically cultured, and isolates were classified by Gram staining and cellular morphology. No significant difference in factors between control and experimental areas was noted. All preoperative blood cultures, including those taken 2 minutes after irrigation, were negative. In the 11 patients (55%0 who showed positive cultures during the scaling, cultures were positive in both control and experimental areas. None of the preoperatively recorded factors in either control or experimental ares were significantly correlated with the occurrence of bacteremia. Local degerming by mouthrinsing and sulcus irrigation with povidone-iodine prior to subgingival scaling seems neither to increase nor decrease the incidence of bacteremia. PMID- 7040632 TI - [Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrin complexations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040633 TI - [Effects of lipopolysaccharide (E. coli) and OK-432, a Streptococcus preparation, on the hepatic drug-metabolizing system in mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040634 TI - [Synthetic studies on prostacyclins--thromboxanes and polycyclopentanoides (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040635 TI - Mechanisms involved in the renal responses to intravenous and renal artery infusions of noradrenaline in conscious dogs. AB - 1. The renal haemodynamic and glomerular filtration rate (G.F.R.) responses to intravenous and intrarenal infusions of noradrenaline were studied in conscious dogs, either with or without prior blockade of angiotensin II formation with teprotide. 2. Infusion noradrenaline by either route resulted in dose-related rises in plasma renin activity. 3. Pretreatment with teprotide reduced the rise in mean arterial pressure and abolished the rise in G.F.R. seen during intravenous infusions of noradrenaline (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 microgram/kg . min). Noradrenaline also reduced filtration fraction more after teprotide pretreatment. 4. Renal blood flow rose and renal vascular resistance fell in response to I.V. noradrenaline infusions. This renal vasodilatation was unaffected by pretreatment of the dogs with teprotide, indomethacin or DL-propranolol. However after pentolinium pretreatment, I.V. noradrenaline infusion caused a dose-related renal vasoconstriction. 5. Infusion of noradrenaline into the renal artery (0.02, 0.05 and 0.1 microgram/kg . min) resulted in rises in mean arterial pressure and G.F.R. which were abolished by teprotide pretreatment. Filtration fraction rose when noradrenaline was administered alone but fell when it was infused after teprotide treatment. 6. Thus angiotensin II formed as the result of increased renin release acted to maintain G.F.R. and filtration fraction during noradrenaline infusion. In addition, I.V. noradrenaline infusions in conscious dogs caused reflex vasodilatation of the renal vasculature. PMID- 7040636 TI - [The structure of cortical arousal (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040637 TI - Force transmission by indirect retainers when a unilateral dislodging force is applied. AB - Within the experimental design of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: A unilateral vertical dislodging force applied to a distal-extension removable partial denture is transmitted to the supporting structures with a vertical and horizontal component. The presence of indirect retainers transmits the vertical component of force to both indirect retainer abutment teeth while the horizontal component is transmitted to the indirect retainer and primary abutments on the side opposite the loading force. The presence of indirect retainers reduces the stress to the primary abutment teeth. The presence of indirect retainers distributes stress to more supporting teeth. PMID- 7040638 TI - Influence of cementing medium on the accuracy of the remount procedure. AB - In light of the results of this study, a number of conclusions can be made with reference to full coverage castings. 1. Dental cement causes occlusal displacement. Zinc phosphate cement results in a greater displacement than does temporary zinc oxide-eugenol cement. 2. The disparity in seating of cast restorations obtained with no cement, temporary zinc oxide-eugenol cement, and zinc phosphate cement tends to reduce in magnitude with increasing taper of the tooth preparations. 3. Venting of crowns is an effective way of reducing the disparity in seating between no cement, temporary zinc oxide-eugenol cement, and zinc phosphate cement. 4. Remount records should be made with the restorations cemented with temporary zinc oxide-eugenol cement rather than held to the teeth by friction alone. PMID- 7040639 TI - Microhardness of alloys for porcelain veneering. PMID- 7040640 TI - An injection impression technique for palatal defects. AB - A master cast suitable for fabricating a retentive flexible base using any of the materials and techniques previously mentioned is provided. The flexible extension fits snugly into the defect laterally and extends above the remnants of the soft palate posteriorly and into the nasal floor anteriorly on either side of the remnants of the nasal septum (Fig. 9). The use of a thin flexible extension such as Molloplast will provide a good chemical bond to the acrylic resin of the denture base, allows for easy cleaning, and will maintain flexibility for several years. Prostheses constructed with this technique are retained well. The technique described will provide increased mechanical retention of prostheses for defects of the palate by engaging undercuts around the borders of the defect with a flexible material. The impression is made by injecting an elastic impression material with a syringe through a hole prepared in the palate of the impression tray. This technique may not always be required, but is recommended where a retention problem is anticipated and there is difficulty in obtaining a satisfactory flow of the impression material to the appropriate undercut. A correct impression can be secured the first time, overcoming further discomfort and inconvenience to the patient. PMID- 7040641 TI - An improved obturator for a defect of the nasal septum. AB - An improved technique for treating an intranasal septal perforation defect has been described, including an impression method using Silastic 382 medical grade elastomer. A clear, polished acrylic resin obturator is fabricated with retrieval holes and an orientation guide. This type of intraseptal nasal obturator is comfortable and can alleviate symptoms created by nasal septal defects. PMID- 7040642 TI - Procedure for a simplified collarless metal-ceramic restoration using gold powder. AB - This technique describes a simple and practical approach to the fabrication of collarless metal-ceramic restorations. Instead of making a duplicate die from the master die, this technique conserves time by blocking out the undercut using impression modeling compound on the master die. The use of gold powder does not require special equipment and produces a precise porcelain abutted margin on the shoulder. Excluding the labial gold collar from the shoulder enhances the esthetic appearance of the restoration. This approach is effective with gold based and silver-palladium alloys as materials for the metal-ceramic framework. The marginal fit of 10 collarless meta-ceramic crowns cemented on silver plated dies were evaluated by measuring sectioned specimens with a scanning electron microscope. The average gap at the porcelain butt margin was observed to be 30 to 50 mu (Fig. 10). PMID- 7040643 TI - Modified boxing technique for mandibular impressions. PMID- 7040644 TI - Fabrication of vacuum adapter for the construction of provisional coverage splints. PMID- 7040645 TI - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: (a report of 20 cases). PMID- 7040646 TI - [Pathologic effects of low dosages. Linear transfer of low dose radiation]. PMID- 7040647 TI - Effects of progesterone treatment on basal and LH-RH-induced plasma LH concentrations in anoestrous and ovariectomized sheep. AB - Anoestrous and ovariectomized sheep were treated with progesterone-containing implants or left as controls. Plasma LH concentrations were decreased by progesterone treatment (P less than 0.025) and increased by ovariectomy (P less than 0.001). When the ewes were treated with 0.25 micrograms LH-RH, the LH response was reduced (P less than 0.025) in the progesterone-treated anoestrous ewes but not in the progesterone-treated ovariectomized sheep. These data demonstrate that low concentrations of progesterone, acting together with another ovarian hormone, can markedly reduce the pituitary response to a small dose of LH RH. PMID- 7040648 TI - Effect of limited and complete mating on ovaries and adrenals in band voles, Clethrionomys glareolus. AB - Complete mating of voles induced ovulation and large and healthy CL were formed. By 4 days after mating adrenal weight was twice that in unmated animals. Limited amounts of mating (i.e. 1-3 intromissions) induced ovulation, but the resulting CL were small and short-lived and no adrenal hypertrophy was seen. If limited mating was followed by mechanical genital stimulation, large CL and adrenal hypertrophy were induced. Mechanical genital stimulation alone induced ovulation (mostly small CL) in some females, but not adrenal hypertrophy. It is concluded that adrenal hypertrophy after mating in the bank vole is controlled by a neuroendocrine reflex mechanism separate from that controlling ovulation, but related to that controlling luteal function. PMID- 7040649 TI - Effects of ram sperm acrosin on the investments of sheep, pig, mouse and gerbil eggs. AB - The effects of various concentrations of highly purified preparations of ram sperm acrosin were tested in a balanced medium on the cumulus oophorus, corona radiata and zona pellucida of sheep, pig, mouse and gerbil eggs. The enzyme had a variety of effects depending upon the species of egg. These effects ranged from complete removal of all the investments from the mouse egg to a failure to remove any of the investments from the sheep egg. The in-vitro autoactivation of ram sperm proacrosin to acrosin was unmodified in the presence of various fluids from the sheep reproductive tract. It is concluded that any role for soluble ram acrosin in sperm penetration of the sheep zona pellucida is likely to be of a synergistic nature. PMID- 7040650 TI - Effect of copulation on the hypothalamic content of gonadotrophic hormone releasing hormone in the vole, Microtus agrestis. AB - There was a drop of 56% in the hypothalamic content of Gn-RH in female voles 5 min after mating compared with that in unmated but receptive animals. This suggests that the surge of LH in vole plasma associated with reflex ovulation is evoked by a massive release of Gn-RH. PMID- 7040651 TI - Antifertility effects of GnRH. PMID- 7040652 TI - Complement and disease: a review. PMID- 7040653 TI - History of the development of a service for the venereal diseases. PMID- 7040654 TI - What was wrong with Anna O? AB - The case of Fraulein Anna O (Bertha Pappenheim) was the first detailed by Breuer and Freud in 'Studien uber Hysteria' (1895). The case history is examined and an organic causation postulated. The fallacies of psychogenesis and of hysteria as a disease are mentioned. Breuer's claim of cure by the cathartic method appears unfounded. PMID- 7040655 TI - 'Wednesday's children': a review of child abuse. PMID- 7040656 TI - Early history of wound treatment. PMID- 7040658 TI - Ultrastructural localization of IgA deposits in adult linear IgA disease. AB - Two cases of adult linear IgA disease are reported. They demonstrate the two sites of deposition of IgA at an ultrastructural level: sub-basal lamina and lamina lucida. This finding supports the view that there are subgroups of this disease. Clinical presentation and histological appearance of lesional skin are misleading, and the immunofluorescent appearance is unhelpful in predicting the ultrastructural localization of the IgA deposit. PMID- 7040657 TI - Saline flush: a simple method of reducing diazepam-induced thrombophlebitis. AB - Five hundred outpatients undergoing endoscopy were admitted into a controlled trial comparing the incidence of thrombophlebitis following intravenous diazepam administered in the way, with the effects of either a saline flush following the diazepam or diluting the drug with the patient's own blood before injection ('barbotage'). The results were assessed using a questionnaire completed by patients two weeks after endoscopy; 80% replied. A saline flush reduced the incidence of side effects, particularly pain (P less than 0.05). 'Barbotage' gave the highest incidence of side effects. Saline flush is therefore recommended as a means of reducing the thrombophlebitis which may follow intravenous diazepam. PMID- 7040659 TI - Effects of acupuncture in bronchial asthma: preliminary communication. AB - Twenty patients randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group participated in a double blind study to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture in bronchial asthma, using the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) as an index of bronchial patency. All patients in the control group showed a significant improvement in their PEFR while only 3 patients in the treated group showed an improvement. A subjective improvement and a reduction in drug dosages were observed in both groups. It is concluded that acupuncture has a placebo effect in bronchial asthma. PMID- 7040660 TI - Development of wound therapy from the Dark Ages to the present. PMID- 7040661 TI - Novel dimeric derivatives of leucomycins and tylosin, sixteen-membered macrolides. AB - The reductive amination of an aldehyde group on the aglycon moiety of leucomycins A3 and A5 and tylosin with sodium cyanoborohydride in the presence of NH(CH3)2 or NH2CH3 afforded the corresponding amine derivative. The use of NH3 as an amine source in the reduction of leucomycin A3 and tylosin afforded a novel dimeric derivative, 18,18'-dideoxo-18,18'-iminodileucomycin A3 and 20,20'-dideoxo-20,20' iminoditylosin, respectively. The structures of the dimers were elucidated by field desorption mass spectral analysis. The dimeric derivative of tylosin possesses considerable antibacterial activity. The binding activity of the dimer of Escherichia coli ribosome was approximately the same as for tylosin. PMID- 7040662 TI - Use of adenine nucleotide derivatives to assess the potential of exo-active-site directed reagents as species- or isozyme-specific enzyme inactivators. 5. Interactions of adenosine 5'-triphosphate derivatives with rat pyruvate kinases, Escherichia coli thymidine kinase, and yeast and rat hexokinases. AB - Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) derivatives of the types N6-R-ATP [R = (CH2)nNHCOCH2I, (CH2)nNHCO-(CH2)mNHCOCH2I, or (CH2)nCON(Me)(CH2)mN(Me)CO(CH2)nNHCOCH2I], N6-Me-N6-R-ATP [R = (CH2)nN (Me)CO(CH2)mNHCOCH2I], and 8-R-ATP [R = NM(CH2)nNHCOCH2I] with 5--19 spacer atoms between N6 or C-8 and iodine have been evaluated as potential exo-ATP-site directed reagents for phosphokinases. Substrate and inhibitor properties indicated that the compounds possessed affinity for the ATP sites of the muscle (M), kidney (K), and liver (L) isozymes of rat pyruvate kinase (PK), of E. coli thymidine kinase (TK), and of yeast hexokinase (HK) and rat KH I, II, and III isozymes. Tests for time-dependent loss of enzyme activity (inactivation) were performed under conditions in which a large proportion of each phosphokinase was present as an enzyme-inhibitor complex. No ATP-site-directed inactivations resulted when the M, L, or K isozymes of PK were exposed for 8 h, 22 degrees C, to 5 mM levels of 18 ATP derivatives or 6 analogous ADP derivatives or when yeast HK or rat KH I, II, or III was exposed for 6 h, 22 degrees C, to 5 mM levels of 28 ATP derivatives. Escherichia coli TK was inactivated by 6 of 25 ATP derivatives tested at 10 mM, 6 h, 0 degrees C; inactivation was slowed by MgATP in the case of N6-CH3-N6-R-ATP [R = (CH2)4N(CH3)CO(CH2)5NHCOCH2I]. Only 1% of 298 enzyme-inhibitor combinations exhibited ATP-site-directed inactivation, signifying that few suitably positioned and sufficiently reactive nucleophilic groups were present near the enzymic ATP sites. Studies have now shown that exo active-site-directed reagents can act as isozyme- or species-selective enzyme inhibitors. The present survey indicates that in many cases such reagents may be difficult of access when data are not available regarding structural or physicochemical features of the target enzyme adjacent to its catalytic site. PMID- 7040663 TI - Are there immunologic forms of duodenal ulcer? AB - The increasing evidence for etiologic and genetic heterogeneity of peptic ulcer suggests that different pathogenetic mechanisms can result in peptic disease. The existence of immunologic forms of duodenal ulcer is proposed. These disorders may account for the varied results of reported HLA association studies. One form may be characterized by antibodies to secretory immunoglobulin, be overrepresented in childhood ulcer cases and allergic populations, and lead to ulcer through a deficiency of local mucosal immune defenses. Another form may be due to the production of an immunoglobulin that is stimulatory to acid secretion, analogous to the thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins of thyrotoxicosis. Studies to further delineate these proposed disorders are suggested. PMID- 7040664 TI - Characteristics of kidney renin from Papio cynocephalus. PMID- 7040665 TI - Gradual fixation method for chromosomal studies of squirrel monkey oocytes after gonadotropin treatment. PMID- 7040666 TI - Predictable use of the blade-vent implant. PMID- 7040667 TI - Monolayer freeze-fracture autoradiography: origins and directions. AB - Monolayer freeze-fracture autoradiography (MONOFARG) is a product of two earlier methods: freeze-fracture autoradiography (FARG) and cell monolayer freeze fracture. MONOFARG incorporates many of the basic principles and cytochemical goals of FARG while exploiting the technical advantages of monolayer freeze fracturing. The latter method offers the opportunity to process freeze-dried 'half' membranes at room temperature. Although the feasibility of MONOFARG has been shown for qualitative analyses of split membranes, it's quantitative feasibility for transmembrane and in-plane analyses has just begun to be documented. An example of one aspect of that documentation is included in this report. The distribution of 125I-FITC-Concanavalin-A in the plane of split plasma membranes, human erythrocyte extracellular fracture faces, was examined and found to be homogeneous. The relevance of this finding to recently described double labelled membrane splitting experiments is discussed. The future of MONOFARG appears promising, especially in the application of the technique to biologically significant questions. PMID- 7040668 TI - Understanding the artefact problem in freeze-fracture replication: a review. AB - Freeze-fracture and freeze-etching techniques do not provide artefact-free images of native in vivo or in vitro cells and tissues. Each preparation stage can produce specific artefacts which must be recognized and understood if these methods are to contribute meaningful information to cell biology, This paper reviews the latest information available on artefacts in freeze-fracture replication (and etching) methods and points to possibilities for avoiding some of them. Different specimens show different sensitivity to artefactual changes and the final images must be interpreted carefully with regard to the multi-event process that has led to their production. PMID- 7040669 TI - Specimen preparation for electron microscopy using low temperature embedding resins. PMID- 7040670 TI - Quantitative low temperature optical microscopy of biological systems. AB - A comprehensive review is presented of low temperature optical microscopy techniques as applied to the study of freezing processes in biological systems. Emphasis is placed on analysis of physical and physiological parameters which were measured and/or controlled and the procedures for effecting such operations. Quantitative analysis of photomicrographs by digital computer processing is also discussed. PMID- 7040671 TI - Myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome: a psychobiological perspective. AB - Myofascial pain-dysfunction (MPD) syndrome is a muscle-contraction headache-like pain of the face. In the past this has also been called temporomandibular joint syndrome. This syndrome is thought to be, in part, a stress-related pain. This paper discusses and evaluates the following topics: (1) patient characteristics, (2) etiological hypotheses, (3) experimental models of the syndrome, (4) psychological characteristics of the patients, (5) psychophysiological characteristics of the patients, and (6) relaxation therapies. Future research is also discussed. PMID- 7040672 TI - Microglioma. PMID- 7040673 TI - Elongation factor G and protein S12 are the nearest neighbours in the Escherichia coli ribosome. PMID- 7040674 TI - X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy of a light meromyosin tactoid. PMID- 7040675 TI - Elongation of duplex DNA by recA protein. PMID- 7040676 TI - On the detection of homotropic effects in enzymes of low co-operativity. Application to modified aspartate transcarbamoylase. PMID- 7040677 TI - Immunolocalization of the 110,000 molecular weight cytoskeletal protein of intestinal microvilli. PMID- 7040678 TI - Replication of a plasmid containing two origins of bacteriophage. PMID- 7040679 TI - Genetic and sequence analysis of frameshift mutations induced by ICR-191. PMID- 7040680 TI - Further correlations of the lacI genetic map with the DNA sequence. PMID- 7040681 TI - Control of yeast cell type by the mating type locus. I. Identification and control of expression of the a-specific gene BAR1. PMID- 7040682 TI - Control of yeast cell type by the mating type locus. II. Genetic interactions between MAT alpha and unlinked alpha-specific STE genes. PMID- 7040683 TI - Substrate-attached membranes of cultured cells isolation and characterization of ventral cell membranes and the associated cytoskeleton. PMID- 7040684 TI - Structure of rabbit skeletal myosin. Analysis of the amino acid sequences of two fragments from the rod region. PMID- 7040685 TI - Reconstitution in vitro of flagellar filaments onto hook structures attached to bacterial cells. PMID- 7040686 TI - Characterization of regular polymerization products of elongation factor EF-Tu from Escherichia coli by electron microscopy and image processing. PMID- 7040687 TI - Utilization of bacteriophage T7 late promoters in recombinant plasmids during infection. PMID- 7040688 TI - Analysis of mutant Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylases isolated from a series of suppressed pyrB nonsense strains. PMID- 7040689 TI - Analysis of neutron distance data. PMID- 7040690 TI - Positions of proteins S6, S11 and S15 in the 30 S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7040691 TI - Position of protein S1 in the 30 S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7040692 TI - Mutagenicity of rubber vulcanization gases in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Gases formed by rubber and rubber additives in the vulcanization process were collected with a laboratory-scale glass apparatus. Mutagenicity testing of the vulcanization gases by the Salmonella/microsome test was conducted with strains TA1535, TA1538, TA98, and TA100 in the absence and presence of a metabolizing system from rat liver homogenates. The mutagenicity of gases derived by heating chloroprene rubber and ethylene propylene rubber was established with both base substitution- and frameshift-sensitive strains and that of a styrene-butadiene rubber was established with the base substitution-sensitive stain TA100. Tests on pyrolysis gases from a butadiene acrylonitrile rubber revealed only toxic effects. Curing systems, additives, and filling materials from various sources were represented in the material. Gases were collected at temperature levels corresponding to both mixing and curing of these particular rubbers in the industrial operations. Attempts were made to correlate the mutagenicity of the gases to the presence of mutagenic components in the rubber mixtures. PMID- 7040693 TI - Part II. The philosophy of the overlay prosthesis. Terminal dental arches restored with implants and overlay restorations. PMID- 7040694 TI - Scintigraphy and radiography in oleic acid pulmonary microvascular injury: effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). AB - Using computerized gamma scintigraphy, 10-cm H2O PEEP did not alter the rate of capillary protein leakage in dogs following pulmonary microvascular injury with 0.01 to 0.2 ml/kg oleic acid. A rising lung:heart radioactivity ratio, or 'slope of injury,' was seen during PEEP which paralleled the 'slope of injury' had PEEP not been used. A sudden decrease in lung and heart count activity (p less than 0.001) and decreased lung:heart radioactivity ratio (p less than 0.001) occurred with PEEP at all doses of oleic acid studied. An apparent improvement in the standard chest roentgenogram was seen within 2 minutes following PEEP in dogs given 0.2 ml/kg oleic acid. However, progression of the radiographic infiltrate occurred in these animals during 30 minutes of PEEP. When all vessels leading to and from the heart and lungs were ligated, PEEP produced a 60% fall in count activity over the lung without any change in cardiac radioactivity. The apparent radiographic improvement and 2/3 of the fall in lung radioactivity with PEEP were due to an increased pulmonary air volume and 1/3 due to a decreased pulmonary blood volume. The decreased cardiac output with PEEP must be secondary to decreased ventricular filling rather than decreased ventricular function. PMID- 7040695 TI - Effectiveness of penicillin irrigation in control of infection in sutured lacerations. AB - We studied the incidence of infection in lacerations in a controlled, double blind, Armitage sequential clinical trial. After standard prescribed preparation of the wound area, and immediately before suture, each laceration was flooded with the 10 ml content of a numbered, amber glass vial. Half of the vials contained a solution of 0.9% NaCl; half contained a 5% solution of sodium benzyl penicillin. No other factors were controlled. A single observer made the determinations of presence or absence of infection, purulent or nonpurulent, early and late after suture. After study of 260 lacerations the study indicated a clear superiority of penicillin over saline in lowering the incidence of infection with a statistical significance of p less than 0.00005. In a sample of this size the 95% confidence limits of the magnitude of the superiority of penicillin cover a wide range, but it appears that two out of three or three out of four infections can be averted merely by flooding the wound with penicillin immediately before suture. PMID- 7040696 TI - Angelo Bairati. PMID- 7040697 TI - Ultrastructure of the protoplasm. The 'pioneer' work by A. Bairati and F. E. Lehmann revisited. PMID- 7040698 TI - Radionuclide determination of individual kidney function in the treatment of chronic renal obstruction. AB - Differential radionuclide renal scans can be useful in the management of patients with chronic partial obstruction of 1 kidney. The 99mtechnetium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid perfusion scan can be used to assess glomerular blood flow. The 131iodine orthoiodohippurate renal scan provides qualitative functional information from scintigrams and quantitative evaluation of effective renal plasma flow to each kidney, as well as a total excretory index. Sequential 99mtechnetium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and 131iodine orthoiodohippurate renal scans were used to assess individual renal function before and after surgical correction of unilateral chronic renal obstruction in 31 patients. The preservation of cortical perfusion on 99mtechnetium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid scans indicated that potential existed for partial recovery of renal function. Effective renal plasma flow and excretory index determined in conjunction with the 131iodine orthoiodohippurate scans provided a quantitative assessment of preoperative renal function, an evaluation of the effect of surgery and a sensitive method for long-term evaluation of differential renal function. Correction of ureteropelvic junction obstruction usually resulted in improvement in unilateral renal function. Neither nephrolithotomy nor extended pyelolithotomy diminished renal function in the kidney subjected to an operation and often improved it. Patients with long standing distal ureteral obstruction had the least improvement in renal function postoperatively. PMID- 7040699 TI - The diagnostic value of the immunologic response in bacterial and nonbacterial prostatitis. AB - Using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay that permits quantitation of specific antibodies to infecting bacteria in the prostatic fluid of patients with bacterial prostatitis we measured the immunologic response to common gram negative urinary pathogens in 6 patients with bacterial prostatitis, 4 with nonbacterial prostatitis and 10 normal volunteer controls. The results show that true bacterial prostatitis is clearly distinguishable immunologically from nonbacterial inflammation of the prostate. Normal volunteer controls, like patients with nonbacterial inflammation of the prostate, have no antigen-specific antibodies to gram-negative urinary pathogens in the prostatic secretion. In clinical situations when bacteriologic localization data are confusing, immunologic analysis provides a specific tool for definitive diagnosis. Data from bacterial absorption studies show that antigen-specific antibodies determined by solid-phase radioimmunoassay can be measured in milligrams per deciliter rather than units of dilutional titers. This approximation of antigen-specific antibodies in milligram quantities permits a more quantitative approach to understanding surface mucosal immunity in terms of the class-specific immunologic response. PMID- 7040700 TI - Nephrogenic adenoma: a report of 9 cases and review of the literature. PMID- 7040701 TI - Post-biopsy bleeding in renal allograft: successful treatment with epsilon aminocaproic acid. PMID- 7040702 TI - Experimental acute pyelonephritis caused by enterobacteria in animals. A review. PMID- 7040703 TI - Bilateral renal artery stenosis and renovascular hypertension in rabbits. AB - In 21 rabbits bilateral renal artery stenosis was produced by constriction of the right renal artery with 1 of 3 different clips in size followed by left renal artery constriction with the smallest clip. Five to 6 weeks after left renal artery constriction, 5 ml. of the blood samples for the measurement of plasma renin activity (PRA) was taken from both renal veins and the distal vena cava, and the left nephrectomy was performed. In 17 out of 21 rabbits, PRA was determined in 3 different blood veins: L, left renal vein PRA; R, right renal vein PRA; and P, distal vena cava vein PRA. Three PRA patterns, L greater than P greater than or equal to R (A type), L, R greater than P (B type) and R greater than L not equal to P (C type), were observed. Removal of the left kidney caused a significant decrease in the average blood pressure persisting for 5 weeks in the rabbits with the type A pattern of PRA (p less than 0.05). In all 4 animals with the type B or C pattern of PRA hypertension persisted even after removal of the left kidney. Comparison of the PRA values between the venous blood in 3 different vascular trees seems very useful to predict the depressor response that follows nephrectomy of the severer constricted side. PMID- 7040704 TI - Dunning adenocarcinoma in tissue culture: isolation of a cloned cell line, R3327H G8-A1. AB - A cloned cell line, R3327H-G8-A1, was isolated from an explant of the well differentiated androgen dependent Dunning R3327H adenocarcinoma. Preliminary characterization of this cell line indicates that it is epithelial-like, and that it synthesizes and secretes large quantities of acid phosphatase. The cells bind testosterone in a saturable manner with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 0.5 nM and with a capacity of 5000 sites/cell. When these cells were injected subcutaneously into the hind flank of Copenhagen-Fischer rats, or into the dorsal or ventral lobes of the prostate, large tumors were produced 3 months following administration, thus demonstrating the tumorigenicity of the cells. PMID- 7040705 TI - Gaetano Martino. PMID- 7040706 TI - JAMA reference directories. PMID- 7040707 TI - Emily Jennings. PMID- 7040708 TI - Influence of subsalicylate bismuth on absorption of doxycycline. AB - The influence of a typical 60-mL dose of subsalicylate bismuth (Pepto-Bismol) on the absorption of 200 mg of orally administered doxycycline hyclate was studied. Bioavailability of doxycycline was significantly reduced by 37% and 51%, respectively, when subsalicylate bismuth was given simultaneously and as a multiple-dose regimen before doxycycline. Peak serum concentrations of doxycycline were significantly decreased when subsalicylate bismuth was given two hours before doxycycline but not when given two hours after doxycycline. Subsalicylate bismuth should not be taken when doxycycline is used for therapeutic purposes, and we suggest travelers should not take the agents together in an effort to prevent diarrhea. PMID- 7040709 TI - Mycobacterium bovis meningitis. PMID- 7040710 TI - The evolution, implications, and applications of the hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 7040711 TI - Leprosy. PMID- 7040712 TI - Single-lung transplants to resume soon with cyclosporin A therapy. PMID- 7040713 TI - Vasily G. Lazarev. PMID- 7040714 TI - Pythagoras. PMID- 7040715 TI - U.S. trials show heroin not superior to morphine. PMID- 7040716 TI - Mariano Azuela. PMID- 7040717 TI - Aletta Jacobs. PMID- 7040718 TI - Gerhard Domagk. PMID- 7040719 TI - Charles Richard Drew. PMID- 7040720 TI - A brief reflection on the life of Mary Seacole 1805-1881. PMID- 7040721 TI - The Florence Nightingale of Jamaica: Mary Seacole. PMID- 7040722 TI - [Application of high frequency positive pressure ventilation (HFPPV) to pneumothorax patients during general anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040723 TI - [Recent findings in the history of anesthesiology (14)--Hannah Greener incident (4)]. PMID- 7040724 TI - Antihypertensive effect of the oral angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor in long-term treatment of hypertensive patients. AB - Antihypertensive effect of an orally active angiotensin I-Converting enzyme inhibitor, SQ 14225 (Captopril) was assessed in 18 hypertensive patients, of whom 13 had essential hypertension, 2 had malignant hypertension, 2 had hypertension associated with chronic renal failure, and 1 had renovascular hypertension. Blood pressure decreased markedly not only in patients with high renin levels but also in those with low renin levels. Nevertheless, the magnitude of blood pressure reduction was correlated with the pre-treatment plasma renin activity (r =-0.64, p less than 0.01 systolic, r =- 0.60, p less than 0.05 diastolic). There was a significant correlation between the fall in mean blood pressure and the decrease in plasma aldosterone concentration 3 weeks after treatment (r = 0.64, p less than 0.05). The serum potassium elevated from 4.2 +/- 0.4 to 4.8 +/-0.9 mEq/L (p less than 0.05), and the change correlated inversely with the reduction of plasma aldosterone concentration (r = 0.71, p less than 0.02), while serum sodium slightly decreased from 140-+/- 2 to 138 +/- 3 mEq/L. There was neither finding of orthostatic hypotension nor escape from the antihypertensive effect. These results indicate that chronic inhibition of angiotensin I-converting enzyme with an orally active compound offers an effective and well-tolerated approach to treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7040725 TI - Effects of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors on cyclical reduction of coronary blood flow in dogs. AB - Effects of new inhibitors of thromboxane synthetase, (E)-3-([1-imidazolmethyl) phenyl]-2-propenoic acid and (E)-3-[4-(pyridylmethyl) phenyl]-2-methyl-2 propenoic acid on cyclical reduction of flow in the partially constricted coronary artery were examined in anesthetized beagle dogs. Intravenous injections of both agents with a dose of 20 mg/Kg eliminated the cyclical reduction induced by constriction in the majority of experiments. However, they failed to eliminate the cyclical reduction induced by indomethacin. Indomethacin-induced reduction was eliminated by prostaglandin I2 in all experiments. It is suggested that thromboxane A2 acted as an accelerator in the cyclical reduction of coronary flow induced by coronary constriction, but did not in the reduction induced by indomethacin. PMID- 7040726 TI - [The method of leucovorin administration in high dose methotrexate regimen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040727 TI - [Recent findings on kallikrein-kinin system in the field of biochemistry]. PMID- 7040728 TI - [Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040729 TI - [Home treatment of hemophilia]. PMID- 7040730 TI - [Management of complications in hemophilia, with special reference to hepatitis]. PMID- 7040731 TI - [Detection of hemophilia carrier and prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 7040732 TI - [Structure and analysis of platelet membranes]. PMID- 7040733 TI - [Mechanism of platelet adhesiveness]. PMID- 7040734 TI - [Blood coagulation and its inhibition]. PMID- 7040735 TI - [Technics of monoclonal antibody production with hybridomas and their medical application]. PMID- 7040736 TI - [Recent findings on estrogen and progesterone receptors]. PMID- 7040737 TI - [Recent findings on the isolation of insulin receptors]. PMID- 7040738 TI - [Insulin resistant diabetes]. PMID- 7040739 TI - [Allergy and eosinophils (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040740 TI - [Role of basophilic granular cells in nasal allergy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040741 TI - [Lymphokines, with special reference to skin reactive factor (SRF) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040742 TI - [Recent topics on fat-soluble vitamins--with special reference to vitamin A, D and K-- (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040743 TI - [Vitamin D metabolism and its disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040744 TI - [Cytopathology of nonneoplastic diseases in obstetrics and gynecology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040745 TI - [A comparison of four methods for determination of gentamicin in serum : bioassay, EMIT, high-performance liquid chromatography and substrate-labeled fluorometric immunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040746 TI - Reduced antitumor and immune-adjuvant activities of the sub-cellular fractions from Group A Streptococcus. AB - The sub-cellular fractions from Group A streptococcus (Su-strain) were prepared, and their antitumor and biological activities were examined. The cell wall fraction (CWF) and the protoplast membrane fraction (PMF) were slightly effective in retarding the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in outbred ddY mice when either fraction was used in combination with 5-FU. The cytoplasmic particle fraction (CPF) and the cytoplasmic soluble fraction (CSF), however, were not effective. In the B6D2F1 mice-L 1210 leukemia system, none of the subcellular fractions were beneficial even when combined with 5-FU. Further, the antitumor effect of OK-432 was completely abolished by disruption of the preparation, indicating that antitumor activity of OK-432 may depend on the structural integrity of the cocci in the preparation. Despite the general lack of anti-tumor activity in the mouse systems, the subcellular fractions, including those of OK 432, inhibited the growth of Yoshida sarcoma cells in culture and the uptake of [2H]-UR and [3H]-TdR by L 1210 cells in vitro. The immunopotentiating activities of these fractions, however, were demonstrated to be markedly diminished as compared with those of OK-432 and heated Su-cocci (60 degrees C, 30 min). The present study, therefore, shows that the decreased antitumor activity of the subcellular fractions closely correlate to the decrease of their immunopotentiating activities. PMID- 7040747 TI - [Neural network models for the mechanism of learning (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040748 TI - [Photon-deficient kidney in 99mTc-DTPA serial scintigraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040749 TI - [Measurement of plasma renin activity by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040750 TI - [An evaluation of a plasma renin activity (PRA) radioimmunoassay by solid-phase method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040751 TI - Plasma renin and aldosterone in adult-onset diabetics with persistent proteinuria. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone (PA) were measured under conditions of bed rest and after administration of furosemide and/or angiotensin II to adult-onset diabetics and age-matched controls. Seventeen of the diabetics had no proteinuria (non-proteinuria group) while in the other ten subjects, there was a persistent proteinuria, but no hypertension and renal dysfunction (proteinuria group). In the non-proteinuria group, changes in PRA and PA levels during both bed rest time and after the stimulation with furosemide did not significantly differ from findings in the control group. In the proteinuria group, PRA and PA levels were significantly lower than in the other two groups. PA and diastolic pressure responses to angiotensin II were slightly increased in diabetics (N.S.). PA responses to furosemide had significant positive correlation with those to angiotensin II. These findings suggest that the renin-aldosterone system responds normally in adult onset diabetics without proteinuria, but shows lower response in diabetics with persistent proteinuria, even without complications of hypertension and a decreased renal function. PMID- 7040752 TI - [Parathyroid function in renal transplant recipients and significance of parathyroidectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040754 TI - Ethics and the ED nurse: developing your ethical perspective. PMID- 7040753 TI - Fluctuation of drug-resistant Escherichia coli strains in chickens. PMID- 7040755 TI - Law and the ED nurse: emergency department wills. PMID- 7040756 TI - Trauma notebook: street drugs. PMID- 7040757 TI - Air transport of a patient with head injury. PMID- 7040758 TI - Circadian rhythm and hours of postmyocardial infarction mortality. PMID- 7040759 TI - Emergency nurse practitioners: motivators, barriers, and autonomy in role performance. PMID- 7040760 TI - Acute onset of compartment syndrome. PMID- 7040761 TI - Munchausen's syndrome. PMID- 7040762 TI - ED standards and audit criteria. PMID- 7040763 TI - Professional's attitudes toward violence in close relationships. PMID- 7040764 TI - Drug update: verapamil hydrochloride. PMID- 7040765 TI - Retinoic acid-induced growth inhibition and morphologic differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells in vitro. AB - Retinoic acid (RA) induced concentration-dependent morphologic differentiation and growth inhibition in the LA-N-1 human neuroblastoma cell line. Time course studies demonstrated a significant increase in the formation of long neurites in LA-N-1 cultures within 48 hours of RA addition; maximum expression of differentiation occurred at approximately 4 days. This differentiation profile corresponded to a detectable decrease in [3H]thymidine incorporation at 48 hours and complete inhibition of cell growth after 3-4 days. The RA-induced morphologic differentiation and growth inhibition persisted despite removal of the drug. A soft agar assay system showed that RA also inhibited the ability of LA-N-1 cells to form anchorage-independent colonies and induced morphologic differentiation in colonies that did develop. These findings suggest that RA promoted the differentiation of LA-N-1 neuroblastoma cells, resulting in an altered expression of the malignant phenotype. PMID- 7040766 TI - B16 melanoma cell variants: irreversible inhibition of growth and induction of morphologic differentiation by anthracycline antibiotics. AB - The interaction of doxorubicin and N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate (AD32) with B16 melanoma cell variants that exhibit distinct metastatic properties was explored. The addition of the two drugs to cell monolayers at noncytolytic concentrations for 16 hours resulted in irreversible inhibition of proliferation of tumor cells and loss of their tumorigenicity after injection into inbred C57BL/6 mice. Cessation of melanoma cell proliferation was accompanied by cellular and nuclear hypertrophy and the development of axon-like processes. As assessed by drug-specific cytofluorescence, after 16-hour exposure of the cells to doxorubicin and AD32, the drugs were localized in the nuclei. Incubation of drug-treated cell monolayers for 6 additional days in drug-free culture medium led to the complete disappearance of nuclear stain. The highly metastatic B16-F10 B2 cell line was the most sensitive to the drugs' effects, whereas the other two malignant melanoma cell lines, although differing in their metastatic capabilities, exhibited similar sensitivities to the drugs' effects. Doxorubicin was notably more potent than AD32 in its growth inhibitory effect on the three tested melanoma cell variants. The possible mutagenic effect of anthracycline drugs on tumor cells was discussed. PMID- 7040767 TI - Differing stem cell self-renewal of lectin-separated murine bone marrow fractions. AB - The success of bone marrow transplantation depends not only on the engraftment of adequate numbers of hematopoietic stem cells but also on their self-renewal capacity, which must be sufficient to provide lifetime hematopoiesis. The lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA), when exposed to bone marrow, causes separation into two distinct fractions. The agglutinated fraction not only is enriched with colony forming units--spleen but also is devoid of graft-versus-host (GVH) activity when injected into allogeneic lethally irradiated recipients, and therefore, it is considered to be an ideal source for bone marrow transplantation. The absence of GVH activity is presumably due to the separation of mature thymocytes into the nonagglutinated fraction and functionally immature thymocytes into the agglutinated fraction. Although there has been speculation that immature hematopoietic stem cells also selectively bind to PNA, other evidence suggests that the relationship of lectin binding specificity to level of maturity varies in different tissues. This study was performed to assess the self-renewal capacity of lectin-separated bone marrow stem cells. Results indicate that the self-renewal of the agglutinated fraction is significantly lower than that of the unfractionated bone marrow; such self-renewal of the nonagglutinated fraction is higher. This is further evidence for the heterogeneity of the stem cell pool. Stem cell enrichment should not be the goal in bone marrow transplantation; rather, the goal should be utilization of stem cells with the greatest self renewal potential. PMID- 7040768 TI - Induction and transplantation of murine skin cancers induced by methoxsalen plus ultraviolet (320-400 nm) radiation. AB - Properties of skin tumors resulting from treatment of mice with ip methoxsalen plus UVA (320-400 nm) radiation (PUVA) were compared to those of skin tumors induced by UVB (280-320 nm) radiation. Repeated treatment of C3H/HeN murine mammary tumor virus-negative (C3H-) mice with PUVA produced both fibrosarcomas and squamous carcinomas that were indistinguishable morphologically from UVB induced tumors. Fragments of 12 primary PUVA-induced tumors were transplanted into normal and immunosuppressed syngeneic recipients, and all grew progressively. In contrast, 19 primary tumors induced by repeated exposure of C3H mice to UVB grew only in the immunosuppressed mice and not in the normal recipients. The growth of graded doses of cells from 5 PUVA-induced tumors was compared in normal and UVB-irradiated recipients. No preferential growth in UVB irradiated mice was observed, even though this is characteristic of UVB-induced tumors. Thus PUVA-induced tumors do not appear to have the same antigenic properties as UVB-induced tumors. PMID- 7040769 TI - Influences of age and anatomical site on ultraviolet carcinogenesis in BALB/c mice. AB - Young adult BALB/c mice were mor susceptible to the induction of skin tumors from FS40 sunlamps than were 18-month-old animals. The relative contributions of tissue and host factors to this difference in susceptibility to carcinogenesis were analyzed by reciprocal grafting of skin between young and old animals, followed by repeated exposure of the grafts to UV radiation. More tumors developed in ear skin grafted to the middorsum of young recipients than in that of old recipients, regardless of the age of the skin donor. These ear skin grafts were more susceptible to tumor induction than were comparable grafts of back skin. When large areas of dorsal skin (16 cm2) were grafted to young adult mice, very old skin (greater than 2 yr) was more susceptible to tumor induction than skin that was 1 year old at the start of irradiation. PMID- 7040770 TI - Measurement of cancer incidence in the United States: sources and uses of data. AB - Since 1937, investigations have compiled a vast amount of information on cancer incidence in the United States. Three national cancer surveys were conducted in 1937, 1947, and 1969-71; each used somewhat different methods but covered populations who overlapped greatly. Concurrently, population-based tumor registries were developed that were capable of measuring cancer incidence. Since 1973, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, an amalgam of such registries, had generated cancer incidence data for the United States. Available data provide a rough measure of the size of the cancer problem and may help those who direct prevention programs and those who plan studies of cancer etiology. Because the completeness and validity of existing incidence data are not known with certainty, comparisons among these incidence data are not known with certainty, comparisons among these incidence rates require cautious interpretation. PMID- 7040771 TI - Isolation, culture, and transplantation of human hepatocytes. AB - The in situ two-step collagenase perfusion technique used for the isolation of hepatocytes from rat liver was adapted into a procedure applicable to pieces of human liver obtainable from surgical procedures. Human hepatocytes obtained by this method were maintained in primary culture for 10 days. The cellular changes observed at the light microscopic and electron microscopic levels are described. The changes in microsomal enzymes as a function of the age of the cultures were also measured. Exposure of the human hepatocytes to procarcinogens known to be metabolized by rodent liver resulted in unscheduled DNA synthesis. The isolated hepatocytes were also transplanted into two-thirds partially hepatectomized athymic nude mice. The transplanted cells formed nodules with characteristic hepatic architecture. These studies demonstrate that hepatocytes obtained from human liver by the described modified collagenase technique can be used for in vitro studies in chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 7040772 TI - Intracerebral adoptive immunotherapy of a murine lymphoma antigenically altered by drug treatment in vivo. AB - Intracerebral tumor neutralization assay and adoptive immunotherapy with in vivo sensitized lymphocytes were done in immunodepressed mice challenged intracerebrally with L5178Y/DTIC lymphoma, a tumor subline antigenically altered by treatment with 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazenyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) in vivo. Primary cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) were generated in vitro against L5178Y/DTIC cells with the use of splenocytes of histocompatible (BALB/cCr X DBA/2Cr)F1 donors. The extent of antitumor activity of CTL was evaluated by the measurement of tumor cell proliferation in the brain, as judged by the 125I labeled 2'-deoxyuridine uptake values and by survival times of recipient mice. The results of the experiments showed: a) CTL were highly effective in inhibiting tumor growth when they were injected along with L5178Y/DTIC tumor cells in a Winn type neutralization assay; b) the tumor inhibition mediated by CTL was specific, since no antilymphoma effects were detected when CTL sensitized against L5178Y/DTIC line were admixed with the parental L5178Y tumor or with other unrelated lymphoma cells; and c) local adoptive immunotherapy with CTL given on day 1, 3, or 5 after the intracerebral challenge with L5178Y/DTIC lymphoma substantially impaired tumor cell proliferation and significantly increased survival times of recipient leukemic mice. PMID- 7040773 TI - [History of tuberculosis in Japan--tuberculosis transmitted by Europeans?]. PMID- 7040774 TI - [Lipolytic enzyme activities of phagocytic cells as affected by the presence of tubercle bacilli (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040775 TI - [Studies on mechanisms of tuberculin hypersensitivity. I. The relation between the functions of cells mediating tuberculin-type hypersensitivity (TTH) and the infiltrating cells in skin reaction site (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040776 TI - [P. E. Lukomskii and the development of Soviet cardiology]. PMID- 7040777 TI - [Protection of the myocardium during the coronary bypass operation. The status of the problem in the USA today]. AB - Hypothermia is the mainstay of myocardial protection during deliberately induced operative myocardial ischaemia. Completely isolating the heart from the systemic circulation significantly aids myocardial temperature reduction and maintenance. Cooling is most effectively distributed throughout the myocardium by intracoronary administration of a cold solution. Noncoronary collateral myocardial blood flow, always present in varying degree, will rewarm the heart. Replenishment of intracoronary cooling solutions at frequent intervals is essential to counteract this detrimental occurrence. Chemical cardioplegia effectively extends the safe period of myocardial ischaemia and reduces the incidence of operative myocardial injury and death. Currently potassium is the most frequently used cardioplegic agent in the United States. Calcium influx blockers are being evaluated extensively and bear significant promise as additional agents to further improve the results achieved by hypothermic chemical cardioplegia. PMID- 7040778 TI - Effects of water immersion on renal function in the nephrotic syndrome. AB - Nine adult patients with the nephrotic syndrome were studied during 4 hours of water immersion (WI) to the level of the neck in the seated position and under control conditions. During WI, sodium excretion (UNaV) rose from a mean prestudy level of 45.9 +/- 18.7 microEq/min to a mean peak level of 242.2 +/- 42.8 microEq/min during the 4th hour. During control studies, UNaV was unchanged. During WI, urine volume rose from 1.1 +/- 0.4 ml/min and reached a peak level of 7.5 +/- 0.8 ml/min during the 2nd hour. There were also marked increases in free water clearance and potassium excretion. Plasma renin activity fell from a prestudy level of 5.1 +/- 1.3 ng/ml/hr to a nadir of 1.9 +/- 0.4 ng/ml/hr during the 2nd hour of WI. Levels were unchanged during control studies. There was a considerable variation in the magnitude of the natriuretic effect of WI between the individual patients. Peak levels of UNaV varied from 55.3 to 488 microEq/min, and net negative sodium balance varied from 12.8 to 105 mEq. These variations were found to be directly related to the patient's estimated plasma volume, such that y = 19.2 chi - 211 (r = 0.84) represented the relationship between the plasma volume and the peak UNaV, and y = 1.9 chi - 41 (r = 0.81) represented the relationship between plasma volume and net negative sodium balance. These studies indicate that in patients with nephrotic syndrome, as in normal subjects, WI provides a potent natriuretic stimulus that results from expansion of the central blood volume. The magnitude of the natriuresis in nephrotic patients is related to their plasma volume, an observation that might help predict therapeutic benefit of the procedure in the individual patient. PMID- 7040779 TI - [Recommended literature in strabismology]. PMID- 7040780 TI - [The Fieldmaster-200 computer perimeter: a comparative, controlled clinical study of its sensitivity and specificity in glaucomatous field defects (author's transl)]. AB - The central visual fields of 119 glaucomatous eyes (78 patients) were evaluated under controlled conditions using the Goldmann kinetic perimeter and the Fieldmaster-200 automatic supra-threshold computer perimeter. Where there were qualitative differences between the two instruments, the high-resolution program 61 of the Octopus computer perimeter was used as a reference system. Central visual fields of 101 eyes were also studied using the Octopus 31 program. The Fieldmaster-200 was found to be more sensitive than manual kinetic perimetry in identifying early glaucomatous visual field defects. However, the specificity of the Fieldmaster instrument was significantly lower than that of the Goldmann perimeter. Taking into account the perimetry of the total central visual field using the Octopus program 31, the Octopus itself was found to be the most sensitive of the three methods of detecting early visual field loss. Problems related to the specificity and supra-threshold perimetry that is not adapted to the eccentricity of the test stimulus, as the case with the Fieldmaster-200, are discussed. PMID- 7040781 TI - [Value and limitations of cross sectional echocardiography in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040782 TI - Dopamine treatment of human cadaver kidney graft recipients: a prospectively randomized trial. AB - In a prospectively randomized trial, 50 human cadaver kidney graft recipients were tested for the effect of dopamine infusion on kidney function after transplantation. The kidneys were taken from beating-heart donors under optimal conditions. The dopamine infusion did not affect the dialysis frequency in the 1st week after transplantation, in the dopamine group only slightly better creatinine clearances could be detected. However, the diuresis increased significantly when dopamine was given and this resulted in the fact that in the dopamine group 47.4% of the patients were dialyzed although the diuresis amounted to more than 11/day as compared to 15.7% of such patients in the nondopamine group. These findings correspond to experimental data, which showed that the dopamine infusion of the recipient mainly ameliorated renal function in those cases where kidneys were taken after hypotensive injury of the donor. PMID- 7040783 TI - [Extraskeletal calcification in chronic renal failure during hemodialysis and after renal transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - The frequency of calcifications in vessels and soft tissue was 39% in 184 patients with chronic renal failure. Non-dialyzed patients and dialyzed patients at the start of dialysis treatment had most frequently calcifications of the aorta and larger vessels. Renal transplant recipients, who developed osteonecrosis or spontaneous fractures after transplantation, showed at the time of transplantation a higher frequency of calcifications compared to renal transplant recipients, who did not develop these complications. The frequency of calcifications increased with increasing age not only in the aorta, but also in the other vessels. In nondialyzed patients and in dialyzed patients at the start of dialysis treatment the calcifications were more commonly found in women and in renal transplant recipients in men. In all groups of patients a significant, higher frequency of calcifications was found in patients with radiologic evidence of bone resorption compared to patients without resorptive bone changes. Before and during chronic hemodialysis and following renal transplantation the frequency of calcifications increased. Calcification was most pronounced in the larger vessels in nondialyzed and dialyzed patients and in small vessels in renal transplant recipients. Increase in frequency of calcifications occurred slowly in nondialyzed patients and in renal transplant recipients, whereas an accelerated increase occurred in the first 15 months of the dialysis period in hemodialyzed patients. PMID- 7040784 TI - [Clinical use of furazolidone]. PMID- 7040785 TI - [Konstantin Vladimirovich Bunin]. PMID- 7040786 TI - [Deontological aspects of phthisiology]. PMID- 7040787 TI - [Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec (1781-1826)]. PMID- 7040788 TI - [A. S. Pushkin and his medical surroundings]. PMID- 7040789 TI - [Modern interpretation of chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7040790 TI - [Treatment methods and types among the Aztecs]. PMID- 7040791 TI - [Dostoevskii and medicine]. PMID- 7040792 TI - [Legionnaires' disease]. PMID- 7040793 TI - [Anemias in middle and old age]. PMID- 7040794 TI - [Social and biological aspects of the bronchial asthma problem]. PMID- 7040795 TI - [Blood sugar and blood insulin levels in duodenal peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7040796 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of gastric sarcomas]. PMID- 7040797 TI - [Nature of sporadic food toxic infections]. PMID- 7040798 TI - [Heart involvement in combined acute dysentery and coli infection]. PMID- 7040799 TI - Experimental syphilitic orchitis in rabbits: ultrastructural appearance of Treponema pallidum during phagocytosis and dissolution by macrophages in vivo. AB - The ultrastructural distribution of Treponema pallidum and the host inflammatory response during experimental testicular infection of rabbits have been examined. During the inductive phase of experimental orchitis both organisms and inflammatory cells, primarily lymphocytes, are coated by amorphous material not seen in other cellular inflammatory reactions. Phagocytosis of organisms by macrophages occurs during the reactive phase. Phagocytic vesicles contain T. pallidum and are frequently lined by amorphous material. T. pallidum do not appear structurally abnormal prior to phagocytosis; destruction of T. pallidum, manifested by swelling and lysis of the organisms, occurs within phagocytic vacuoles. We conclude that removal of organisms during the reactive stage of experimental syphilis is accomplished by phagocytosis and digestion of organisms by macrophages, resulting from a delayed hypersensitivity reaction initiated by specifically sensitized T cells. The presence of amorphous "ground substance" material does not block the inflammatory response and inhibits neither phagocytosis nor digestion by macrophages. PMID- 7040800 TI - Specific uptake of Heymann's nephritic kidney eluate by rat kidney: studies in vivo and in isolated perfused kidneys. AB - Antiglomerular antibodies have recently been found in immunoglobulin eluted from kidneys of rats with Heymann's nephritis. To demonstrate a role for these antibodies in the pathogenesis of Heymann's nephritis, paired-label radioisotope studies were used in the current study to quantitate binding of the eluted antibody to glomeruli of isolated perfused rat kidneys. In this perfusion situation, which largely excludes the formation of circulating immune complexes, specific binding of 0.9 to 3.2 per cent of the total eluate protein infused was found with 9 to 33 per cent of the bound protein recovered in the glomerular fractions. Specific glomerular binding was also observed after administration of the paired-label mixture to intact rats. Glomerular immunoglobulin deposits and subepithelial electron-dense deposits similar to those found in rats with Heymann's nephritis were produced by intravenous administration of the eluted antibody. Direct bonding of antibody to glomerular capillary wall antigens, in the manner similar to that established for antiglomerular basement membrane antibody, must be considered in the immunopathogenesis of Heymann's nephritis and potentially in some forms of human glomerular injury as well. PMID- 7040801 TI - A limited trial of Saffan in the dog. PMID- 7040802 TI - Effects of pentobarbitone anaesthesia and atropine on the intravenous glucose tolerance in normal dogs. PMID- 7040803 TI - Detection of drugs in vitreous humor with an enzyme immunoassay technique. AB - Vitreous humor is readily available at autopsy. The fact that it is a relatively "clean" biological fluid suggested that enzyme immunoassay techniques. EMIT, could be used to analyze this fluid for drugs. Vitreous humor samples from 76 Medical Examiner's cases were analyzed using EMIT-dau reagents. The results indicate that this method of screening would be useful for detecting overdoses of certain drugs. PMID- 7040804 TI - Sport in old age: advantages and risks. PMID- 7040805 TI - Determinants of susceptibility to sepsis and mortality: malnutrition vs anergy. PMID- 7040806 TI - Pre-discharge, post-transplant kidney biopsy does not predict rejection. PMID- 7040807 TI - Prostaglandin E1 and prostacyclin infusion decrease thromboxane production in endotoxin-induced lung injury. PMID- 7040808 TI - Heterotopic heart transplantation: a valid alternative to orthotopic transplantation: results, advantages, and disadvantages. PMID- 7040809 TI - Increased binding of insulin to mononuclear blood cells following gastric bypass for morbid obesity. PMID- 7040810 TI - Treatment of rat heart allograft recipients with postoperative total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). PMID- 7040811 TI - Newer developments in in vitro monitoring of canine immune reactivity. PMID- 7040812 TI - Use of anticoagulation in cadaver renal transplants. PMID- 7040813 TI - Intracellular sodium in macula densa cells and renin release. PMID- 7040814 TI - Function and regulation of calmodulin in endocrine cells. PMID- 7040815 TI - Hormone-related enzymatic activities in normal and cancer cells of human endometrium. PMID- 7040816 TI - Autoradiographic localization of [3H]-estradiol in the fetal guinea-pig hypothalamus-simultaneous demonstration of GnRH production by immunohistochemistry. PMID- 7040818 TI - Selective steroid hormonal regulation of gene expression in multigene families. PMID- 7040817 TI - Regulation of steroidogenesis and steroid action in Leydig cells. PMID- 7040819 TI - Comparison of the techniques used for monitoring humoral immunity in cancer patients. AB - The humoral immune response to tumor-associated antigens (TAA) in cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy can vary considerably. This variability is inherent from patient to patient and is also dependent on the type of assay used to measure patient antibody response to tumors. In this investigation four serological techniques, complement-dependent antibody-mediated cytotoxicity, immune adherence, complement fixation, and indirect membrane immunofluorescence, were used to assess the humoral immune response in melanoma patients receiving specific immunization with cultured allogeneic melanoma cell vaccine. Two different patterns of antibody response were elicited. One was directed against TAA and oncofetal antigens (OFA) and the other was against HLA antigens. The sensitivity and reactivity varied among the different techniques suggesting that one test or technique may not be sufficient to evaluate critically a patient's response to immunotherapy. PMID- 7040820 TI - Adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy stage I/II malignant melanoma. PMID- 7040821 TI - [Effects of clofibride upon lipolysis from normal rat adipocytes in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - One dose of clofibride (Cf) is administered, after sacrifice of normal fasting rat, in vitro: 2 mg/100 mg adipocytes in 2 ml medium. Lipolysis is studied by the way of glycerol release: micromoles/90 minutes/100 mg total lipids, without or with hormones: epinephrine (10 micrograms/ml), insulin (10(-3) U.I./ml), or association of both. 1. In vitro adjunction of clofibride alone, reduces basal lipolysis (p less than 0,05). 2. Clofibride strongly limits the effects of lipolysis stimulation induced by epinephrine (p less than 0,01). 3. However, it does not increase the discrete antilipolytic effect of insulin, and does not reduce significantly lipolysis induced by the epinephrine + insulin association. Clofibride hypolipaemic effects could be due, partially, to a reduction of hormono-dependent lipolysis. PMID- 7040822 TI - Physical and kinetic properties of haemopoietic progenitor cell populations from mouse marrow detected in five different assay systems. AB - Properties of haemopoietic progenitor cells detected in several different assays have been compared in order to position them within the haemopoietic developmental lineage. The spleen colony-forming cell (CFUs), the high proliferation potential colony-forming cell (HPP-CFC) and two granulocyte macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC-1 and GM-CFC-2) have been studied. Two experimental techniques were used: separation of cells on the basis of their buoyant density and comparison of the survival of haemopoietic cells after donor mice had been injected with the cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). On linear BSA gradients the modal buoyant densities of CFUs, HPP-CFC and GM-CFC-1 were the same, 1.070 g cm-3; the density of GM-CFC-2 was higher, 1.075 g cm-3. GM-CFC-2 colonies were much smaller and contained far fewer cells than HPP-CFC or GM-CFC-1 colonies, even after prolonged culture, and this suggests that dense haemopoietic progenitors have less proliferation potential. This was confirmed by comparison of the size of colony formed, under identical culture conditions, by progenitors of different densities. Mean colony diameter was inversely related to the density of the progenitor cell. With the exception of GM-CFC-1, low density progenitors were more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of 5-FU than high density precursor cells (GM-CFC-2). Consequently, the GM-CFC-1 could be distinguished from GM-CFC-2 on the basis of buoyant density and from the other low density populations on the basis of post-FU kinetics. The reasons why the GM-CFC-1 should be more sensitive to 5-FU than other low density progenitors are discussed and the relation of these low density precursors to one another in terms of their position within the haemopoietic developmental lineage is elucidated. PMID- 7040823 TI - Passage through the lymph node. II. Functional dependence on the site of application of antigens. AB - Following a previous comment on the compartmentalization of lymph nodes by lymphography performed through separate bundles of afferent lymphatics, the authors attempted to prove that sectoral arrangement has its functional equivalent, too. They found an elective uptake of tritiated thymidine and a rather circumscript response in cellular activity, if antigenic stimuli--such as VX-2 carcinoma cells and living BCG colonies--were transferred through the same bundle of afferent lymphatics which supply the lymph node part investigated. PMID- 7040824 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of gastrinoma. II. A prospective study of gastrin challenge tests. AB - A prospective study of the value of secretin, calcium, and meal gastrin challenge tests for the diagnosis of gastrinoma indicated that the secretin test may be valuable. The calcium test was equally valuable, but it cannot be recommended as enthusiastically because it is time-consuming and may cause side effects. New criteria for interpretation of these tests were based on peak responses to the challenge. Further, the study revealed that patients with hypochlorhydria and hypergastrinemia could be identified without the use of gastric analysis. This prospective study reflects the current pattern of clinical practice at a referral institution where patients with gastrinoma, an unusual condition, are seen with regularity. The criteria we propose for interpretation of these tests are simple and could be applied to individual patients in whom a gastrinoma is suspected. PMID- 7040825 TI - Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis: association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Since 1973, we have identified and collected follow-up data on 16 patients with hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis. Preliminary diagnostic criteria are the presence of typical urticarial skin lesions and low levels of serum complement (all components), plus two of the following: dermal venulitis, arthritis, glomerulo-nephritis, episcleritis or uveitis, recurrent abdominal pain, and C1q precipitin in plasma. Exclusions are systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed cryoglobulinemia, elevated antinuclear antibody titer, hereditary deficiency of a complement component or of C1 esterase inhibitor, and presence of anti-native DNA or hepatitis B antigen. The renal involvement is relatively benign, and generally the patients do well and respond to specific treatment when this is indicated. Eight of 10 smokers studied had evidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 1 of whom died of this complication. In three patients, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease developed at a young age after relatively low pack year cigarette smoking histories. Lung disease probably results from the interaction of two major risk factors-smoking and an immunologically mediated process that has not been identified. PMID- 7040827 TI - Some insights into the life of a country doctor. PMID- 7040826 TI - The role of two-dimensional echocardiography in coronary artery disease: a critical appraisal. AB - Coronary artery disease and its sequelae are the most common problems in the current practice of cardiology and internal medicine. Two-dimensional echocardiography, a relatively new technique, has already demonstrated its usefulness in the diagnosis of congenital and valvular heart disease, sometimes replacing catheterization as the diagnostic method of choice. This report critically reviews the usefulness of two-dimensional echocardiography in evaluating the patient with coronary artery disease and its complications. Four general areas are considered: myocardial infarction, complications of myocardial infarction, visualization of coronary arteries, and assessment of left ventricular function. PMID- 7040828 TI - Hernia through the foramen of Winslow. PMID- 7040830 TI - The complexity of regulation of ornithine decarboxylase. AB - Evidence is provided from Escherichia coli, from mammalian cells as well as from germinating barley seeds that there exist positive and negative macromolecular effectors of ODC (ornithine decarboxylase) that modify its activity. These effectors interact with ODC either by forming inactive complexes or by lowering its KmORN resulting in the activation of ODC. These facts, in addition to other evidence presented, argue for the existence of an equilibrium between: (Formula: see text) Such an equilibrium would result in the modulation of ODC activity independently of the net synthesis or degradation of ODC molecules. PMID- 7040829 TI - Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in polyamine biosynthesis: studies on the regulation of ornithine decarboxylase. AB - We have isolated the following mutants in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway in yeast: (i) spe10 mutants, which have no ornithine decarboxylase activity and therefore cannot make putrescine; (ii) spe2 mutants, which have no adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and therefore cannot make spermidine or spermine; (iii) spe3 mutants, which have no putrescine aminopropyltransferase and therefore cannot make spermidine and spermine, and (iv) spe4 and spe40 mutants (suppressors of spe10 mutations), which have no spermidine aminopropyltransferase and therefore cannot make spermine. These mutants show that (i) yeast has an absolute requirement for these amines for growth (ii) putrescine in the absence of spermidine and spermine supports growth at one-sixth the wild type rate; (iii) intracellular spermine controls the ornithine decarboxylase activity and thus mutants that cannot make spermine are derepressed for ornithine decarboxylase; (iv) Saccharomyces cerevisiae can make putrescine only by one pathway, i.e., ornithine decarboxylase; (v) spermidine and spermine are synthesized by different aminopropyltransferases in yeast; and (vi) spermidine and/or spermine are absolutely required for both sporulation and maintenance of the double-stranded RNA "killer" plasmid. We have purified ornithine decarboxylase to homogeneity and shown that loss of ornithine decarboxylase activity resulting from growth with added spermidine and spermine is the result of post-translational modification. PMID- 7040831 TI - Regulation of the biosynthesis of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in fungi. PMID- 7040832 TI - Interconversion, catabolism and elimination of the polyamines. AB - Two catabolic pathways exist for spermidine and spermine. One is responsible for the interconversion of the polyamines, a physiological intracellular event. The first and probably rate limiting step of the polyamine interconversion pathway is acetylation in the N1-position by a cytosolic enzyme. The reaction products N1 acetylspermine and N1-acetylspermidine are substrates of the cytoplasmic polyamine oxidase. This enzyme transforms the N1-acetylpolyamines into spermidine and putrescine respectively. N1-Acetylspermidine is at the same time a major urinary excretion product. The factors which control the rates of N1 acetylspermidine degradation by polyamine oxidase versus its elimination via transport are not known. The second catabolic pathway forms putreanine from spermidine and N8-(2-carboxyethyl)-spermidine and spermic acid from spermine. It is catalyzed by the well known serum spermine oxidase. The second step in this reaction sequence, the dehydrogenation of the aldehydes formed by the serum spermine oxidase occurs intracellularly and is catalyzed either by specific or non-specific aldehyde dehydrogenases. The function of this "two compartment reaction sequence" is most probably to protect tissues from extracellular or exogenous (alimentary) polyamines. Its end-products appear to be physiologically indifferent urinary excretion products. Both catabolic pathways may have marked effects on the urinary polyamine pattern. Drugs as well as a variety of physiological and pathological states may influence polyamine catabolism and elimination at various levels, and may cause characteristic alterations in the urinary excretion of free and conjugated polyamines and of the amino acids deriving from the polyamines. PMID- 7040833 TI - Polyamines and antibiotic effects on translation. AB - Protein synthesis was studied in polyamine-auxotrophic mutants of Escherichia coli. The decreased protein synthesizing rate observed both in vivo and in vitro in polyamine-starved bacteria is due to defective 30S ribosomal subparticles which are impaired in the initiation step of translation. Analysis of peptides synthesized in vivo suggests a more extensive misreading by putrescine-depleted bacteria. Cells grown without polyamine show a markedly decreased response to the inhibitory effect and the misreading inducing action of streptomycin in vivo and in vitro. The polyamine-starved bacteria are also less sensitive to other aminoglycoside antibiotics such as neomycin, kanamycin and kasugamycin. PMID- 7040834 TI - Polyamine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli: construction of polyamine-deficient mutants. AB - Previous work is summarized on the biosynthetic pathway for polyamines in Escherichia coli. Deletion mutants have been obtained in the various biosynthetic steps, resulting in cells with no polyamines. These mutants grow at one-third the rate of polyamine-supplemented cultures and can serve as suitable hosts for bacteriophages T4, T7, Q beta, and f2. The major effects of polyamine deficiency in these polyamine-deficient strains are: (i) these cells do not serve as hosts for bacteriophage gamma and (ii) polyamine-deficient male strains have defects which are attributable to a decrease in the stability of the male pili, namely, decreased numbers of recombinants in Hfr crosses and poorer adsorption of the male-specific bacteriophages f1, f2, and Q beta. One polyamine-deficient strain has been developed which becomes absolutely dependent on polyamines for growth if it also contains a specific rpsL (strA) mutation. PMID- 7040835 TI - Blood group antigens and gastric cancer. PMID- 7040836 TI - Equity in the distribution of quality of care. AB - This article examines whether the quality of health care services in the United States is equitably distributed across all groups in the population, especially groups defined by age, race, sex, and income characteristics. The framework within which the question is answered draws distinctions among structural, process, and outcome inequities. The available evidence suggests that all three types of inequity are present, at least to some extent. However, there are too many gaps and weaknesses in what is known about this issue to reveal systematic patterns or to support broad generalizations. The need for additional research on this issue is discussed, as are the policy implications of what is already known about equity in the distribution of quality of care. PMID- 7040837 TI - Equity, access, and the costs of health services. AB - Access to health care services for the poor and elderly have improved dramatically over the last 15 years, largely as a result of Medicare, Medicaid, and other Federal initiatives. The poor now consume roughly the same volume of health services as the nonpoor. Yet there are still substantial access barriers for many of the chronically ill, minorities, and residents of inner cities and rural areas. Of broader concern, the improvements in access are now threatened by the response to rising health care costs. Those cost increases are themselves partly--but only partly--attributable to Medicare and Medicaid themselves. True cost containment, as opposed to program cost containment, can restrain cost increases without damaging access, but is politically more difficult to accomplish than measures to reduce access. PMID- 7040838 TI - [Carbohydrate tolerance in the cirrhotic patient]. PMID- 7040839 TI - [The effect of thyroid hyperfunction on insulin secretion and carbohydrate metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040840 TI - [Evaluation of gammaangiography and morphology studies in the diagnosis of intracranial metastasis: study of 145 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040841 TI - [Diffuse hyperplasia of the pancreatic islets, hyperinsulinism and advanced heart block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040842 TI - Cholesterol transport between cells and body fluids. Role of plasma lipoproteins and the plasma cholesterol esterification system. AB - The manner in which cells retain their sterol content is reviewed. Although most of what is known at the molecular level has been defived from studies in continuous cell culture, the findings appear to be broadly applicable to conditions in vivo. The main impetus to this research has come from the potential direct relevance of cell sterol balance to lipid disorders. PMID- 7040843 TI - Atherogenic hyperlipoproteinemia. The cellular and molecular biology of plasma lipoproteins altered by dietary fat and cholesterol. AB - Diets high in saturated fat and cholesterol cause alterations in the plasma lipoproteins, and these alterations cause certain of the lipoproteins to deliver cholesterol to the cells of the arterial wall. Other changes in lipoprotein are induced as an attempt to compensate for the delivery of cholesterol to cells. Atherosclerosis results when influx of cholesterol into the arterial wall exceeds egress of cholesterol from the tissues. The interactions of the various plasma lipoproteins are described in order to generate a reasonable hypothesis characterizing atherogenic hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 7040844 TI - Regulation of high density lipoprotein levels. AB - Current concepts of the structure and metabolism of high density lipoproteins are presented and factors that influence their levels in human beings are surveyed. PMID- 7040845 TI - The clinical significance of the plasma high density lipoproteins. AB - The consistent body of evidence supporting a relationship between high density lipoproteins and coronary heart disease is examined. However, an actual causal relationship has yet to be demonstrated. Methods of measuring HDL are presented and the difficulties with clinical measurement and evaluation are explored. PMID- 7040846 TI - Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia. New aspects of pathogenesis and diagnosis. AB - New aspects in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of familial dysbetalipoproteinemia are discussed, including the clarification of the chemical basis of the polymorphism of apoprotein E, the allelic nature of the primary isoforms of the protein, the relationship of the abnormality of apoprotein E to the accumulation of remnant lipoproteins in dysbetalipoproteinemia and in persons carrying the trait for abnormal apoprotein E, and the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia in this disorder. The related clinical features of dysbetalipoproteinemia are included in the discussion. PMID- 7040847 TI - Chylomicronemia syndrome. Interaction of genetic and acquired hypertriglyceridemia. AB - Chylomicrons accumulating in plasma obtained after an overnight fast are always abnormal and can be detected in association with triglyceride levels above 1000 mg per dl. The chylomicronemia syndrome is associated with marked hypertriglyceridemia (plasma triglyceride level above 2000 mg per dl), abdominal pain or pancreatitis, eruptive xanthomata, lipemia retinalis, dyspnea, mental aberrations, and other minor findings. The marked hypertriglyceridemia is usually due to the interaction of a common familial form of hypertriglyceridemia and a common acquired form of hypertriglyceridemia secondary to another disease, drug, or alcohol. Rarely, genetic abnormalities in lipoprotein lipase are the cause of the marked hypertriglyceridemia. Therapy that successfully lowers plasma triglyceride levels is associated with clearing of the symptoms and signs of the chylomicronemia syndrome and prevention of its recurrence. PMID- 7040848 TI - Hypolipidemia. AB - Clinically significant hypolipidemia, although less common than hyperlipidemia, usually has important consequences that involve derangement of one or more of the major roles of lipoproteins. Deficiencies of lipoproteins are discussed under their classification as genetic disorders or as the presenting features of underlying disease. PMID- 7040849 TI - Hypertriglyceridemia: mechanisms, clinical significance, and treatment. AB - The association between hypertriglyceridemia and coronary heart disease is explored followed by a discussion of the mechanisms of the disorder and guidelines on patient evaluation and treatment. PMID- 7040851 TI - [Neurogenic sarcoma (solitary malignant cutaneous schwannoma)]. PMID- 7040850 TI - Treatment of hypercholesterolemia. AB - After discussing the indications for treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia and the importance of a differential diagnosis, the authors describe drug therapy for the disorder with special attention to combined drug regimens. The surgical treatment of hypercholesterolemia and the treatment of homozygous and other forms of hypercholesterolemia are also detailed. PMID- 7040852 TI - [Congenital nodular fibromatosis associated with skeletal malformations]. AB - Juvenile fibromatosis has been largely studied by several authors. Most of them have pointed out the existence of some disorders which are difficult to classify and possess peculiar features. The authors report the case of a girl who presented several tumoral lesions located on the soles and toes from birth. The clinical aspect and the histological study didn't allow us to include this patient in any determinates group. She also presented some associated skeletal alterations. PMID- 7040853 TI - [Frequency of sensitization to various allergens in patients having thrombophlebitis and/or varicose ulcers]. PMID- 7040854 TI - [Frequency of sensitization to various allergens in patients having thrombophlebitis and/or varicose ulcers]. PMID- 7040855 TI - [Frequency of sensitization to various allergens in patients having thrombophlebitis and/or varicose ulcers]. PMID- 7040856 TI - [Erythrodermic pityriasis rubra pilaris]. PMID- 7040857 TI - [Spanish-Latin-American College of Dermatology]. PMID- 7040858 TI - Determination of clinically used anticholinesterase quaternary amines and metabolites in biofluids: a review. PMID- 7040859 TI - Experimental models of atherosclerosis (the insudative theory). AB - Atherosclerosis, a disease of multifactorial origin, can be promoted or caused experimentally by a wide variety of methods. The leading role of altered endothelial permeability, as well as different experimental techniques for producing changes in permeability, have been discussed by selecting the insudative theory as a working hypothesis. An attempt has been made to prove that by altering the endothelial permeability with different types of injuries, atherosclerotic vascular damage can be provoked with or without hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 7040860 TI - Plasmid determined drug resistance in clinically isolated Escherichia coli. AB - The results of a survey for the presence of R plasmids in 100 clinically isolated strains of Escherichia coli are presented. Sixty-nine per cent of the strains were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobial agents tested and 63.7% of the resistant strains transferred all or part of their resistance genes to Escherichia coli k 12. PMID- 7040861 TI - Adjuvant induced polyarthritis - an overview. PMID- 7040862 TI - [Operations of urological diseases during pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Urologic diseases such as urolithiasis, anomalies of the kidney and efferent urinary tracts as well as pyelonephritis and, more rarely, tumors of kidney and urinary bladder can be the cause of surgical operations during pregnancy. Inflammation is the most frequent complication starting from the urinary tract during pregnancy. Diagnosis and therapy have to take into consideration consequences arising from these examination techniques. The special problems of treatment of malign tumors of kidney and urinary bladder, and pregnancy after transplantation and ureterobowel implantation will be reported. PMID- 7040863 TI - [Tissue gluten with special considerations of fibrin glue (author's transl)]. AB - Tissue glues can be divided into two groups: synthetic and biogenic. The use of the first is limited by poor tissue tolerance. Biogenic glue consists of fibrinogen, factor XIII, and thrombin, which form a fibrin clot in the presence of calcium. In our experiments we were able to prove an advantageous effect on hemostasis and healing. A new dried gluten developed on the basis of collagen represents a new type of biogenic gluten. PMID- 7040864 TI - [Memorial presentation on the 150th birthday of Richard von Volkmann, the co founder of the German Society of Surgery]. PMID- 7040865 TI - Panel discussion: pathogenesis of otitis media. Bacteriology and immunology. AB - Three features of otitis media with effusion (OME) are important in understanding its pathogenesis: 1. it is most common among children, when the eustachian tube is poorly developed; 2. it is most common during the winter months, when the common cold is prevalent; and 3. bacteria are found in a large number of middle ear effusions from OME patients. Although middle ear effusions are conventionally thought to be sterile, numerous recent investigations favor a bacterial pathogenesis of OME. Four possibilities can be considered: 1. bacteria are modified by antibiotics or antibodies, causing a lingering inflammation; 2. early antibiotic treatment may interfere with the development of local immunity; 3. bacterial antigen trapped in the middle ear causes immune injury leading to OME; and 4. bacterial endotoxin and inflammatory mediators cause middle ear effusions. PMID- 7040866 TI - Applications of the biomechanical behavior of cartilage to nasal septoplastic surgery. AB - The biomechanics of septal cartilage as they apply to septoplasty are studied. The original investigations on septal cartilage are reviewed and summarized. Biomechanical principles of the behavior of cartilage are reviewed and applied to the principles of septoplasty surgery. Using pigs' ears, theoretical predictions are investigated and verified. Incorporating this information, an approach to septoplastic surgery is described. PMID- 7040867 TI - Use of estrogen in treatment of familial hemorrhagic telangiectasia. PMID- 7040869 TI - The prosthetic management of oral commissure burns. AB - The complications of electrical burn to the oral cavity include microstomia and cosmetic deformity. Surgical burn excision and repair by primary closure, skin grafts, or tongue flaps have recognized disadvantages. The use of intraoral fixed or removable appliances, or the extraoral facemask prosthesis, serves to maintain adequate commissure spacing and allows normal skin and mucosal healing to occur. Secondary commissuroplasties may be required after prosthetic management of the burn. PMID- 7040868 TI - Surgical management of dural and temporal lobe herniation into the radical mastoid cavity. PMID- 7040870 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck. AB - Rhabdomyosarcoma is an uncommon neoplasm that is seen in the head and neck area. Since the symptoms of rhabdomyosarcoma, such as aural discharge and nasal obstruction, mimic common disease states, the clinical diagnosis is often delayed. Case reports and a literature review are presented to emphasize the clinical and roentgenological findings in rhabdomyosarcoma. Misinterpretation of microscopic findings can delay the histological diagnosis. Cross-striations, the "hallmark" of rhabdomyosarcoma, are not always found, while "racquet" and "spindle" cells may be seen. Special stains and electron microscopy can assist the pathologist. The pathological findings of the different variants of rhabdomyosarcoma and a review of cases accessioned by the A.F.I.P. Otolaryngic Registry are presented. Early diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma is important because the disease, once inevitably fatal, can now be controlled and apparently cured in most cases by a combination of surgery, radiation, and multidrug chemotherapy. This therapeutic approach, its results, complications, and support measures are considered. PMID- 7040871 TI - In memoriam. John R. Lindsay, M.D. 1898-1981. PMID- 7040872 TI - Mycobacterium leprae and the host response. PMID- 7040873 TI - HLA-linked control of the course of M. leprae infections. PMID- 7040874 TI - Non-specific factors that influence susceptibility to leprosy. PMID- 7040875 TI - Epidemiological aspects and implications of the disappearance of leprosy from Norway; some factors contributing to the decline. PMID- 7040876 TI - Leprosy in the world today. PMID- 7040877 TI - The potential of immunological tests as tools in the epidemiology of leprosy. PMID- 7040878 TI - The lymphocyte transformation test in leprosy with special reference to its use in epidemiology. PMID- 7040879 TI - In vitro lymphocyte stimulation using a purified antigen of Mycobacterium leprae and tuberculin PPD. PMID- 7040880 TI - Subclinical infection in leprosy--its detection and control by fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption (FLA-ABS) test. PMID- 7040881 TI - Radioimmunoassay and other serologic tests and their application in epidemiological work. PMID- 7040882 TI - The use of immunological tests in epidemiological work. PMID- 7040883 TI - Leprosy--the source of infection and its mode of transmission. PMID- 7040884 TI - Occurrence of non-cultivable acid-fast bacilli in the environment and their relationship to M. leprae. PMID- 7040885 TI - The relative importance of specific immunity in protecting against leprosy. PMID- 7040886 TI - [Obstetrics in 18th century Zagreb (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040887 TI - A new test of peripheral insulin sensitivity in vivo using artificial beta cell. AB - A new in vivo test of insulin sensitivity is described. It utilizes closed-loop insulin delivery device (GCIIS, Biostator) capable of infusing glucose and insulin according to preselected algorithms. In euglycemic patients, insulin was infused by GCIIS to maintain euglycemia in the face of challenges with gradually increasing doses on intravenously administered glucose. Under the described experimental conditions, the endogenous insulin release was minimized as evidenced by serum C-peptide levels of less than 2 ng/ml, and thus the peripheral disposal of glucose should have depended entirely on the exogenous insulin. The amount of the insulin infused was considered to be a measure of peripheral insulin sensitivity. The test was applied to normal and non diabetic obese individuals, and to diabetics, both insulin dependent and independent. Significant insulin resistance was demonstrated in the obese and diabetic patients. In two obese females, the test was repeated after a prolonged period of starvation, and showed marked increase in insulin sensitivity. In two poorly controlled insulin dependent diabetics, marked increase in insulin sensitivity was also observed, here following a prolonged period of euglycemia (48 hours). It is concluded that the GCIIS controlled insulin sensitivity test is a simple, reliable test of peripheral insulin sensitivity, most convenient for clinical and experimental studies in vivo. PMID- 7040888 TI - Effects of sucrose ingestion on blood pressure. PMID- 7040889 TI - Renin release by pentobarbital anesthesia in the rat: a role for vascular mechanisms. AB - Studies were undertaken in intact rats to characterize the renin response to pentobarbital anesthesia and the mechanisms involved in this response. Aortic and peritoneal cavity cannulas were previously implanted to allow drug infusion, blood sampling and anesthesia to be performed without stress. A sustained 2-3 fold increase in plasma renin concentration (PRC) and a 10-15 mm Hg depression of mean arterial pressure were found in pentobarbital anesthesia. Circulating levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine were unchanged. Sympathetic stimulation by tyramine did not decrease and chronic renal denervation did not abolish the PRC rise by pentobarbital. Phenoxybenzamine given to conscious or anesthesized animals elevated PRC to similar levels. Propranolol was effective in suppressing PRC in anesthetized animals, regardless of the presence or absence of phenoxybenzamine. We concluded that the renin response to pentobarbital anesthesia is unrelated to changes in sympatho-adrenal activity. The response appears to be mediated by beta-adrenergic receptors. It is postulated that pentobarbital-induced relaxation of afferent arterioles or JG cells exposes previously concealed beta-receptor sites which increase the signal for the release of renin. PMID- 7040890 TI - The link between secretion and mitosis in the endocrine glands. PMID- 7040891 TI - Detection and quantification of the organophosphate insecticide paraoxon by competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay. AB - A competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed to detect and quantify levels of the organophosphate insecticide paraoxon in body fluids. Protein-conjugated paraoxon served as an immunogen for the production of rabbit heteroantiserum, from which affinity purified IgG anti-paraoxon antibodies were isolated using a heterologous protein-paraoxon-conjugated immunoabsorbent. In the competitive inhibition EIA a standard curve was generated for the inhibition of binding of anti-paraoxon IgG to a solid-phase bound heterologous protein-paraoxon conjugate by various concentrations of free paraoxon. Binding was proportionate to the color change of an appropriate substrate generated by an enzyme-conjugated second antibody specific for the rabbit IgG anti-paraoxon. The assay detected paraoxon levels as low as 10(-10)M (28 pg/ml) in buffer, and serum paraoxon levels as low as 10(-9)M. In addition to its sensitivity, this technique is ideally suited to the simultaneous processing of large numbers of samples in less than 2 hr. The competitive inhibition EIA is cost effective and should facilitate environmental surveillance using sentinel animals, expand laboratory toxicology studies, and improve clinical detection capabilities. PMID- 7040892 TI - Thyroid hormones and renin secretion. AB - Circulating angiotensin is produced by the action of renin from the kidneys on circulating angiotensinogen. There are other renin-angiotensin systems in various organs in the body, and recent observations raise the intriguing possibility that angiotensin II is produced by a totally intracellular pathway in the juxtaglomerular cells, the gonadotrops of the anterior pituitary, neurons, in the brain, salivary duct cells, and neuroblastoma cells. Circulating angiotensin II levels depend in large part on the plasma concentration of angiotensinogen, which is hormonally regulated, and on the rate of renin secretion. Renin secretion is regulated by an intrarenal baroreceptor mechanism, a macula densa mechanism, angiotensin II, vasopressin, and the sympathetic nervous system. The increase in renin secretion produced by sympathetic discharge is mediated for the most part by beta-adrenergic receptors, which are probably located on the juxtaglomerular cells. Hyperthyroidism would be expected to be associated with increased renin secretion in view of the increased beta-adrenergic activity in this condition, and hypothyroidism would be associated with decreased plasma renin activity due to decreased beta-adrenergic activity. Our recent research on serotonin-mediated increases in renin secretion that depend on the integrity of the dorsal raphe nucleus and the mediobasal hypothalamus has led us to investigate the effect of the pituitary on the renin response to p-chloroamphetamine. The response is potentiated immediately after hypophysectomy, but 22 days after the operation, it is abolished. This slowly developing decrease in responsiveness may be due to decreased thyroid function. PMID- 7040893 TI - Hormonal control of angiotensinogen production. AB - The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system appears to be under neural and hormonal control. Plasma angiotensinogen concentration is elevated in Cushing's disease, during pregnancy and in women taking oral contraceptives. An in vitro liver slice system was used to study the hormonal control of angiotensinogen synthesis and release in the rat. Dexamethasone administration in vivo resulted in increase in the in vitro rate of release of angiotensinogen by liver slices into the incubation media. This increase was inhibited by actinomycin D, an inhibitor of protein synthesis and vincristine which blocks secretion. Similarly, ethinyl estradiol treatment resulted in a 50% increase in angiotensinogen production. Hyperthyroid state was achieved by injecting rats with L-thyroxine daily for seven days. Hepatic production rate of angiotensinogen rose 21/2-fold above control and was accompanied by increases in plasma angiotensinogen concentration and plasma renin activity. In contrast, plasma angiotensinogen concentration and plasma renin activity were reduced in thyroidectomized rats. The rate of angiotensinogen production by liver slices of these rats decreased by five-fold below that of intact animals. These changes were largely corrected when thyroidectomized rats were treated with replacement doses of L-thyroxine. We conclude that hepatic angiotensinogen biosynthesis is under hormonal control. Glucocorticoid, estrogen and thyroid hormones all stimulate angiotensinogen production. These results may in part explain the pathogenesis of hypertension associated with certain disease states. PMID- 7040894 TI - PLasma renin activity in syndromes of thyroid hormone excess and deficiency. PMID- 7040895 TI - Changes in glomerulotubular dimensions, single nephron glomerular filtration rates and the renin-angiotensin system in hypothyroid rats. AB - Glomerular diameters (GD) and lengths of attached proximal convoluted tubules (TPL) were measured in nephrons dissected from the superficial (S), intermediate and juxtamedullary (JM) cortex (7-15 each) of acid-macerated kidneys of weight matched (E) euthyroid and (H) hypothyroid (2-6 months after radioiodine treatment or thyroidectomy) male Sherman-Wistar rats. Incoordination of growth in H rats was evident in a more marked retardation in kidney than in total body growth. A similar incoordination of microstructural growth was evident in maintenance or GD within normal limits with respect to body weight while attached TPL fell 23% on the average below control values relative to body weight. These changes affected the total nephron population uniformly. As a result, GD/TPL in all nephrons increased significantly (p less than 0.01), by 27% in S and by 29% in JM nephrons. The glomerulotubular dimensional imbalance was associated with a marked and uniformly distributed reduction in single nephron glomerular filtration rate (ferrocyanide method), by 36% in S and JM nephrons. Plasma renin activity fell within normal limits while plasma renin substrate was decreased to 56% of control values. These findings are construed as evidence that growth retardation in hypothyroid rats affects the parenchyma of the kidney (and perhaps other viscera) more than the vasculature. PMID- 7040896 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of insulin-glucagon liberin from bovine hypothalamus. AB - A tridecapeptide that enhances insulin and glucagon release from isolated islets of Langerhans was extracted from bovine hypothalami. Following the recommendation of the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biological Nomenclature, the name Insulin-Glucagon Liberin (IGL) is proposed. The extraction, purification and partial characterization of the peptide is reported. The biological significance of hypothalamic IGL is still unknown but it could be a neurohumoral link between the hypothalamus and islet function, related to the regulation of fool intake and body weight. PMID- 7040897 TI - Hydroxyethylmethacrylate embedding: an improved technique. PMID- 7040898 TI - Tryptone lactose formate broth: a new single tube medium for rapid confirmation of Escherichia coli at 44 degrees C. PMID- 7040899 TI - Effect of carbohydrate content of culture media on Kovac's oxidase test, with particular reference to Vibrio spp. PMID- 7040900 TI - [Determination of the blood flow time in the arteries and veins of the lesser circulation]. PMID- 7040901 TI - [Evaluation of hepatic blood flow by the rectal Xe-133 clearance method]. PMID- 7040902 TI - [Kinetics and biological effect of C-14]. PMID- 7040903 TI - [Great scientist and citizen (on the centenary of the death of N. I. Pirogov)]. PMID- 7040904 TI - [History of the training of nurses in Russia and the USSR]. PMID- 7040905 TI - [Wuchereria bancrofti human aperiodic filariasis in French territory of Wallis and Futuna (author's transl)]. AB - Human filariasis caused by the aperiodic form of Wuchereria bancrofti is one of the main epidemiological problems in Wallis and Futuna Islands. The ecologic features and the Public-health Service actions for survey and control of this endemic disease are described. Biological and clinical results were very satisfactory. PMID- 7040906 TI - [A new case of Plasmodium falciparum malaria resistance to chloroquine in Africa (Rwanda) (author's transl)]. AB - Report of a case of P. falciparum malaria observed in Rwanda. Relapse and positive blood thick smear has been observed 8 days after the beginning of the treatment of the previous fit of fever by chloroquine. Authors recall the resistance criteria fixed by O.M.S. for antimalarial drugs and question wether drug-resistant malaria is not spreading in East-Africa, considering some similar cases reported in the region. PMID- 7040907 TI - [Cholestasis, current diagnostic procedures and their indications]. PMID- 7040908 TI - [Early and late results of surgical therapy of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7040909 TI - [Lung-scar cancer after grenade fragment injury. Clinico-pathologic and medicolegal aspects]. PMID- 7040910 TI - [Hirschsprung's congenital megacolon. The concept of physiopathology and therapy]. PMID- 7040911 TI - [Thirty years of the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Sosnowiec]. PMID- 7040912 TI - [Effects of trimethadione on the therapeutic efficiency of atropine and obidoxime in mice poisoned with various phosphoorganic compounds]. AB - This paper was aimed at the observation of trimethadione therapeutic effects while this preparation was used as an agent supplementing the standard therapeutic mixture (cholinolytic and reactivator) for mice poisoning with phospholine--a compound of AO 217 and DEP. The studies covered 216 female mice of Balb C strain, body weight 18-24 g. After the determination of toxic doses of phosphoroorganic preparations administered subcutaneously, therapeutic effects of a mixture of atropine sulphate (10 mg/kg i.p.) and obidoxime (40 mg/kg i.p.) administered immediately after poisoning, were observed. Then trimethadione 300 mg/kg i.p. was of in a dose of 300 mg/kg i.p was added and the effects of that agent on the efficiency of basic medicines were observed. The studies were performed during 2 and 24 hr of observation. The observations prove that the efficiency of the basic therapeutic mixture during 24 hrs of observation of mice poisonings with AO 217 and DFP was respectively: 2.31 x and 2.64 x. In phospholine poisonings no increase in therapeutic effects were found. PMID- 7040914 TI - Here is text of MDs', DOs' proposal for new Medicaid utilization system. PMID- 7040913 TI - Lysis of cell nuclei on perforated electron microscopic supports. AB - The technique of gentle nuclear lysis for electron microscopic observation is suggested, which comprises adsorption of isolated nuclei on a positively charged pricked supporting film and sequential short-timed installation of the support with its back onto the filter paper moistened by lysing solution. The advantage of the method is slow, gradient-like, and to some extent regulated treatment allowing to visualize nuclear structures in their integrity. PMID- 7040915 TI - Malpractice: 25 years hasn't changed much. PMID- 7040916 TI - [Lytic action of proteases and glucanases on microorganisms]. PMID- 7040917 TI - [Specific polysaccharides of Escherichia coli mutants defective for the utilization of various carbohydrates]. PMID- 7040918 TI - [Nonspecific nature of antibody formation suppression by virulent Shigella sonnei]. PMID- 7040919 TI - [New method of bacterioscopic diagnosis]. PMID- 7040920 TI - [History of the study of the family Enterobacteriaceae in the Ukrainian SSR]. PMID- 7040921 TI - [Physiological state of microorganisms]. PMID- 7040922 TI - [Effect of different carbon and purine nucleotide sources on exoprotease synthesis by Bacillus thuringiensis]. AB - Bacillus thuringiensis cells, depending on their physiological state, produce different quantities of exoprotease. Easily metabolizable carbon sources in the medium can affect the process in the opposite way: they inhibit synthesis of the enzyme by the cells in the exponential growth phase, and stimulate it by the sporulating cells. Apparently, cAMP is not an effector of catabolite repression regulating exoprotease synthesis by the cells in the exponential growth phase, inspite of stimulating the enzyme synthesis at the background of easily metabolizable carbon sources. The same effect is produced by cAMP in the absence of additional carbon sources. AMP, adenine, GMP and guanine exhibit a similar action on the enzyme synthesis; the effect is most pronounced in the medium without easily metabolizable carbon sources. The action of cGMP is specific: cGMP inhibits the synthesis of exoprotease in the presence of additional carbon sources, and stimulates it in the absence of easily metabolizable compounds. PMID- 7040923 TI - Radiopharmaceuticals and FDA: a clinician's perspective. PMID- 7040924 TI - Metoprolol in hypertension: an open evaluation. AB - We studied the efficacy and tolerability of metoprolol, administered alone or in combination therapy, in 703 hypertensive patients. We observed a significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients treated with metoprolol alone or with metoprolol and a diuretic. Of these, 60% to 85% achieved a diastolic blood pressure of 12 kPa (90 mmHg) or lower during the 12-week trial. The maximum effect occurred after approximately three weeks. In the majority of patients, 100 mg twice a day controlled mild to moderate hypertension. Side effects (mainly gastrointestinal disturbances and dizziness) occurred in 15% of patients receiving metoprolol alone and led to treatment withdrawal in 6.7%. For the total patients population, these frequencies were 13.5% and 6.7% respectively, and decreased with time. Asthmatics and diabetics tolerated metoprolol extremely well, indicating the clinical importance of metoprolol's cardioselectivity. PMID- 7040925 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome and suspected "near-miss": an overview for clinicians. PMID- 7040926 TI - [Late manifestation of glycogenosis I in early adulthood]. AB - Mild forms of glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency (glycogenosis type I) may remain undetected till indirect consequences of the metabolic bloc clarify the diagnosis in early adulthood. Since humoral regulation could play a decisive role in the metabolic adaption to hypoglycemia, caused by the enzyme deficiency, we studied insulin-, glucocorticoid-, catecholamine- and somatotropin-secretion in a 27 year old man with a mild glycogenosis type I. Basal and simulated insulin release was decreased, the glucocorticoid secretion lay in the lowest part of the normal range, whereas catecholamine and somatotropin secretion showed no significant change. Thus, the humoral adaption in glucose-6-phosphate deficiency corresponds to the hormonal regulation in prolonged starvation. PMID- 7040927 TI - [Determination of creatine kinase isoenzymes]. PMID- 7040928 TI - [Cardiac glycosides--clinically relevant interactions]. PMID- 7040929 TI - Sequential chemotherapy of advanced colorectal cancer with standard or high-dose methotrexate followed by 5-fluorouracil. AB - Thirty patients with advanced measurable colorectal cancer were randomized to receive either methotrexate (MTX) 200 mg/m2 or 40 mg/m2, followed in four hours by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 600 mg/m2. Patients receiving the higher dose MTX were given leucovorin rescue 24 hours later. Eight of 13 patients treated with 200 mg/m2 MTX + 5-FU developed severe hematologic toxicity, leading to two toxic deaths. In addition, 9/13 developed mild azotemia, and three patients had severe gastrointestinal toxicity. No patients with prior chemotherapy responded to either regimen. Among those without prior chemotherapy, there were two of six and three of eight partial responses, respectively, in the 200 mg/m2 and 40 mg/m2 MTX regimens. Sequential 200 mg/m2 MTX followed by 5-FU after four hours has unacceptable toxicity. Sequential treatment with standard dose MTX + 5-FU is tolerable and merits further study. PMID- 7040930 TI - Treatment of advanced malignant melanoma with high dose methotrexate and folinic acid rescue. AB - Twenty-eight patients with advanced malignant melanoma were treated with high dose methotrexate (HDMTX) and folinic acid (FA) rescue. Nineteen patients were treated with 6-hour infusions and 10 patients with 24-hour infusions. One patient in the 6-hour infusion group showed a partial response. In the 24-hour infusion group there were no responses but there was a significant increase in renal toxicity. It is concluded that HDMTX and FA rescue are not useful agents in the treatment of advanced malignant melanoma. PMID- 7040931 TI - [Bacterial endocarditis in childhood]. PMID- 7040932 TI - [New therapeutic prospect in enuresis: desmopressin (DDAVP)]. PMID- 7040933 TI - Beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia in adults: association with cold weather in Minnesota. PMID- 7040934 TI - "Floating" pacemaker electrode fracture and separation. PMID- 7040935 TI - Antinuclear antibodies. PMID- 7040936 TI - Results of surgery for carcinoma of the head of the pancreas: 1960-1980: an overview. PMID- 7040937 TI - [Kinetic determination of the non-specific constants for the binding of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to T7 phage DNA]. AB - The kinetics of promoter complex formation of E. coli RNA polymerase with T7 phage DNA was studied under different ionic strengths at DNA concentrations 0.15, 1.5 and 20 microns/ml. Based on the results obtained the non-specific binding constants, Keq, and the promoter complex formation rate constants, kp, were estimated. Within ionic strength range 0 + 125 mM NaCl the Keq and kp vary from 5.10(6) to 9.10(5) M-1 and from 0.8 x 0.26 x 10(9) M-1 S-1, respectively. The results are discussed from the view point of the one-dimensional diffusion sliding of the enzyme along DNA in the process of phomoter site selection. PMID- 7040938 TI - [Plasmid proteins inhibiting the activity of K and E1 colicins]. AB - Plasmid proteins with m. w. of 14 000--15 000 were chromatographically isolated from lysates of E. coli cells containing plasmids ColK and ColE1. These proteins can reversibly inhibit the killing activity of K and E1 colicine and appear to be the immunity proteins of ColK and ColE1 plasmids and provide the defence of colicinogenic cells from their own colicin. The immunity protein of the ColK plasmid acts both upon K colicin and E1 colicin and vice versa. Unlike E2, E3 colicins or CloDF13 cloacin, K and E1 colicins are extracted from cells in a free state and not in a complex with the immunity protein. PMID- 7040939 TI - [Contacts of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase subunits with nucleotides of lacUV5 promoter]. AB - We have localized contacts between DNA and subunits of E. coli RNA polymerase (of both holo and core enzymes) along lacUV5 promoter. In the complex with the holo enzyme the anti-sense strand of DNA makes contacts with beta' subunit at -47, 46, -30, -12, +1, +5, +7, +9; beta subunit at -30, -25, -23, -12, +11, +30 and delta subunit at -17, -5, -3 nucleotides, while the sense-strand of DNA makes contacts with beta' subunit at -22, -21, -9, -6, -4, +3, +4, +6, +17; beta subunit at +17, +25, +27, +34; and delta subunit at -35, -18 nucleotides. In the complex with the core enzyme the anti-sense strand of DNA makes contacts with beta'subunit at -47, -23, -5, -3, +5, +7, +9; beta subunit at -23, -16, +11, +30 nucleotides while the sense-strand of DNA makes contacts with beta' subunit at 20, -19, +3, +4, +6, +17; beta subunit at -36, -35, -34, -31, -29, +17, +25, +27, +34 nucleotides alpha subunits of the holo as well as the core enzyme show no contact with DNA in the conditions providing specific complex formation. PMID- 7040940 TI - [Effect of Escherichia coli mutation affecting the RNA polymerase sigma factor on phage T4 development]. AB - The bacterial RNA polymerase sigma factor is necessary throughout T4 development. T4 can develop in the E. coli RpoD800 mutant cells only at permissive temperature. RNA synthesis in T4-infected mutant cells remains temperature sensitive throughout infection as in uninfected mutant bacteria. This shows that bacterial sigma factor is necessary for all types of RNA synthesis in infected E. coli. The data obtained suggest also that active sigma factor is necessary for early, but not for late T4 DNA replication. PMID- 7040941 TI - [Repeated genes in eukaryotes]. PMID- 7040942 TI - [Isolation of intact supercoiled mitochondrial DNA from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. AB - Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain PG-60 were mechanically disrupted in the presence of ethidium bromide, and the total covalently closed circular DNA (ccDNA) was prepared by EthBr-CsCl equilibrium centrifugation of lysed 15 g pellet of the homogenate. Recentrifugation of ccDNA in equilibrium neutral CsCl density gradient resolved a discrete light peak (LccDNA) with the buoyant density equal to 1.684 g/cm3 to about 10% of total ccDNA. Electron microscopy has shown that LccDNA contained circular molecules with the contour length around 25 micrometer circles and their multimeres. Well characterized linear mtDNA was transcribed with E. coli RNA-polymerase and cRNA obtained was hybridized with LccDNA 2 mu DNA and total DNA from yeast petit mutant, lacking mtDNA. Hybridization experiments have shown that the transcript of mtDNA hybridized almost exclusively with LccDNA. We have concluded that 25 micrometer circles of the LccDNA represent intact molecules of yeast mitochondrial DNA. PMID- 7040943 TI - [Discontinuous transfer of phage T7 DNA molecules into Escherichia coli cells during infection]. AB - HpaI restriction analysis of the part of T7 DNA molecule which comes off from E. coli after ultrasonic desorption of virion had been carried out. In such a way it was possible to follow the transfer of labelled T7 DNA into the host cell after the phage adsorption under different conditions. It was established that in the presence of chloramphenicol the left 60% of T7 chromosome is gradually (during 20 min) transferred into the cell and further transport is stopped. This suggests that some T7 gene(s) of I or (and) II class(es) is (are) necessary to transfer the last 40% of T7 DNA molecule containing the genes encoding capsid proteins. Also some new results are obtained which support thr idea about the tight coupling of the processes of T7 DNA transport and its transcription, and about the possibility for RNA polymerase to carry a mechanical function as well. All these results suggest a rather complicated mechanism of the process of T7 DNA transfer into the host cell consisting of at least three stages tightly connected with T7 gene expression temporal control. Some probable consequences of this model as well as its agreement with functional structure of T7 chromosome and with T7 development are discussed. PMID- 7040944 TI - [Modification of RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli by fluoresceinbimercuriacetate]. AB - RNA polymerase was modified by fluoresceinbimercuriacetate (FMA) at SH-groups. One molecule of the enzyme (M. W. 500,000) was shown to bind two molecules of FMA. The first molecule reacts with the most reactive SH-groups causing 50% inhibition of RNA synthesis. The binding of the second one results in 100% inactivation of the enzyme. Considerable changes in spectral properties of the dye are observed when it interacts with RNA polymerase. PMID- 7040945 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to rabbit lymphoid cells: preparation and characterization of a T-cell-specific antibody. PMID- 7040946 TI - Natural antibodies in mammalian sera to folinic acid and methotrexate. PMID- 7040947 TI - A European collaborative study of the Ames assay. I. Results and general interpretation. AB - Results are presented of a collaborative study between 19 European laboratories on the variability of the Ames test. Examples are shown of various methods that are generally used to evaluate an Ames test without reference to a specific statistical model: the number of revertants per plate, mutation factors (increase over the spontaneous value) and determination of the doubling concentration. Considerable variations between test results occurred, between laboratories as well as within laboratories. Partly this was due to different interpretations of the guidelines given, as these allowed some flexibility. The results were also influenced by other factors, some of which are perhaps not yet generally recognized. Apart from the level and quality of the S9 preparations, the most important factor might be the number and physiological condition of the cells plated. When the results from all experiments were considered together, 60-80% of the test results were found within the half- to two-fold range of the overall median. This might be considered satisfactory for a study not using rigidly standardized test conditions. From the experience with the present study, several recommendations are given for the design and performance of future collaborative studies. PMID- 7040948 TI - [Effect of insulin on germ tube and mycelial formation of Candida albicans (author's transl)]. PMID- 7040949 TI - "In vitro" antimycotic activity of fenticonazole (Rec 15/1476). PMID- 7040950 TI - Oral rehydration therapy of infantile diarrhea: a controlled study of well nourished children hospitalized in the United States and Panama. AB - Although oral glucose-electrolyte solutions containing 90 mmol of sodium per liter have been widely used in the treatment of acute diarrhea among under nourished children in the developing world, they have rarely been studied in well nourished children. We therefore conducted a controlled randomized study among well-nourished children three months to two years who were hospitalized with acute diarrhea (52 in the United States, and 94 in Panama), to compare the efficacy of this solution with that of one containing 50 mmol of sodium per liter and with standard intravenous therapy. Oral rehydration with both solutions according to protocol was successful in 97 of 98 children (one required unscheduled intravenous therapy), and in 87 (89 per cent) no intravenous therapy was required. All of six children admitted with hypernatremia were successfully treated with oral therapy alone. We conclude that glucose-electrolyte oral solutions containing either 50 or 90 mmol of sodium per liter are effective and safe in the treatment of well-nourished children hospitalized with acute diarrhea, and that they may completely replace the intravenous fluids in the majority of such children. PMID- 7040951 TI - Drug therapy: drug disposition in old age. PMID- 7040952 TI - A foodborne outbreak of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea. PMID- 7040953 TI - Treatment of idiopathic precocious puberty. PMID- 7040954 TI - Role of T-cell-subset monitoring in renal-allograft recipients. PMID- 7040955 TI - Effect of sodium nitroprusside on mortality in acute myocardial infarction. AB - We gave sodium nitroprusside by intravenous infusion to 163 randomly selected patients during the first 24 hours after hospitalization for typical acute myocardial infarction, and we studied its effects on mortality at one week, on the incidence of cardiogenic shock, on clinical signs of left ventricular failure, and on peak levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB. A control group of 165 patients received standard medical treatment and infusion of 5 per cent glucose. The end point of the study was a significant reduction in mortality in the nitroprusside group; this was reached when five deaths had occurred in this group, as compared with 18 among the controls (P less than 0.05). The incidence of cardiogenic shock, clinical signs of left-heart failure, and mean peak levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB were all reduced (P less than 0.05). The results indicate that infusion of nitroprusside in the early phase of acute infarction limits complications, possibly by reducing infarct size. The drug was particularly effective in anterior-wall infarction. PMID- 7040956 TI - Effect of short-term infusion of sodium nitroprusside on mortality rate in acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular failure: results of a Veterans Administration cooperative study. AB - Eight hundred twelve men with presumed acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular filling pressure of at least 12 mm Hg participated in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of a 48-hour infusion of sodium nitroprusside. The mortality rates at 21 days (10.4 per cent in the placebo group and 11.5 per cent in the nitroprusside group) and at 13 weeks (19.0 per cent and 17.0 per cent, respectively) were not significantly affected by treatment. The efficacy of nitroprusside was related to the time of treatment: the drug had a deleterious effect in patients whose infusions were started within nine hours of the onset of pain (mortality at 13 weeks, 24.2 per cent vs. 12.7 per cent; P = 0.025) and a beneficial effect in those whose infusions were begun later (mortality at 13 weeks, 14.4 per cent vs. 22.3 per cent; P = 0.04). Nitroprusside should probably not be used routinely in patients with high left ventricular filling pressures after acute myocardial infarction. However, the results in the patients given late treatment suggest that those with persistent pump failure might receive sustained benefit from short-term nitroprusside therapy. PMID- 7040957 TI - Evoked potentials in clinical medicine (first of two parts). PMID- 7040958 TI - Risk factors in head and neck cancer. PMID- 7040959 TI - Nitroprusside in myocardial infarction. PMID- 7040960 TI - Sounding Board. An optimistic view of the National Cooperative Gallstone Study. PMID- 7040961 TI - Hypoglycemia associated with non-islet-cell tumor and insulin-like growth factors. PMID- 7040962 TI - Induction of pemphigus in neonatal mice by passive transfer of IgG from patients with the disease. AB - We examined the role of circulating autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris by passively transferring IgG fractions from five patients with pemphigus vulgaris into neonatal Balb/c mice, in doses of 1.5 to 16 mg per gram of body weight per day. Cutaneous blisters and erosions with the histologic, ultrastructural, and immunofluorescence features of pemphigus occurred in 39 to 55 mice given intraperitoneal injections of IgG from patients with pemphigus and in none of 58 control mice given normal human IgG. IgG fractions with high titers of pemphigus antibodies were most effective in inducing disease, and this effect was dose dependent. Titers of circulating IgG in mouse serum closely correlated with the extent of disease induced (P less than 0.002). This study strongly supports the proposed role of pemphigus autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris in human beings and demonstrates that pemphigus can be passively transferred to laboratory animals. PMID- 7040963 TI - Feedback inhibition of insulin secretion by insulin: relation to the hyperinsulinemia of obesity. AB - We investigated the possible existence of a negative short-loop feedback of circulating insulin on the parent beta cell in 10 lean Caucasians, 10 obese Caucasians, and 10 obese Pima Indians. Plasma insulin levels were raised acutely by 100 microunits per milliliter for 90 minutes, and plasma glucose was maintained by the "clamp" technique. C-peptide levels were suppressed in all groups to approximately 50 per cent of basal values. However, the obese groups had absolute C-peptide levels much higher than those of the lean group. During the hour after infusion, the rate and magnitude of C-peptide recovery in the obese groups were higher than in the lean group. Thus, negative short-loop insulin-beta-cell feedback was operative in both the lean and obese states. Despite this suppression, the insulin-secretion rate in obese subjects was still greater than that in non-obese subjects. Inadequate feedback suppression may account in part for the prevailing hyperinsulinemia of the obese. PMID- 7040964 TI - Pemphigus. PMID- 7040965 TI - Recurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis after liver transplantation. PMID- 7040966 TI - Thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 7040967 TI - Racial differences in the incidence of treatment for end-stage renal disease. PMID- 7040968 TI - Chemical disinfection of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease virus. PMID- 7040969 TI - Race and end-stage renal disease. PMID- 7040970 TI - Nocturnal hypoglycemia in aggressively controlled diabetes. PMID- 7040971 TI - A new series on biostatistics. PMID- 7040972 TI - Bone-marrow transplantation in chronic myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 7040973 TI - Inhibition of adherence of Candida albicans to human epithelial cells. AB - A mannose-specific lectin, Concanavalin A, was used to pretreat Candida albicans before using the yeasts in an in vitro adherence assay. Adherence to buccal cells was inhibited but could be restored by preincubation of the lectin with a specific haptenic sugar, a-D-methylmannopyranoside, prior in the assay but not by using D-galactose, D-ribose and D-raffinose, sugars which the lectin does not recognize. PMID- 7040974 TI - Experimental pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis in mice: morphology and correlation of lesions with humoral and cellular immune response. AB - The present paper describes a murine model for pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis injecting 6 X 10(5) yeast forms of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) by the direct intratracheal route. The sequential histopathology of lung and dissemination lesions together with humoral (immunodiffusion test) and cellular immune response (footpad test and macrophage inhibition factor assay - MIF assay) were investigated since the 1st to the 360th day after infection. All infected animal showed pulmonary Pbmycosis up to Day 30; onwards the lesions subsided being found only in one mouse at Day 360. Dissemination lesions were observed in paratracheal and cervical lymph nodes in 9 out of 68 infected animals. Histologically early lesions were rich in polymorphonuclear cells and evolved to a macrophage desquamative pneumonitis at Day 15 and to typical epithelioid granulomata from Day 30 up to Day 360. Specific precipitating antibodies were first detected 15 days after infection, peaked from Day 30 to 60 and were not observed at Day 360. Significant cell-mediated immunity to Pb was noted at Day 15 with the peak reaction at Day 60 and 90. The intratracheal route represents a highly effective way of infecting mouse with Pb. This experimental pulmonary Pbmycosis is a granulomatous inflammation which courses with specific humoral and cellular immune response. It may be a good tool for further investigation in the pathogenesis and natural history of the disease. PMID- 7040975 TI - Hydrolysis of vegetable oils and triglycerides by thermotolerant and zoopathogenic species of Aspergillus from Nigerian palm produce. AB - The ability of Aspergillus fumigatus Fres. and Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam) Wint obtained from Nigerian palm produce to degrade vegetable oils and triglycerides and the production and activity of their extracellular lipases were studied. Both species readily hydrolysed palm oil and palm kernel oil among others liberating free fatty acids in the process. Good growth with mycelia production of both fungi were also recorded on the triglycerides used as sources of carbon at 37 degrees C with the best results obtained on palmitic and oleic acids, the predominant fatty acids in palm oil. Extracellular lipases were detected in the culture filtrates of both fungi within 48 h of incubation on an oat-meal chaff medium at 37 degrees C. Peak enzyme production occurred within the 10-day incubation period. The lipases of both fungal species were most active at a pH of 5.6 and a temperature of 45 degrees C. The best glyceride for assaying the lipase activities of these fungi was trihexanoin while palm oil was a better vegetable oil than the conventional groundnut oil used for the same purpose. Because of the zoopathogenic nature of these fungi, attention is drawn to the potential health risks which their presence on the palm products where they were obtained pose to the consumers. PMID- 7040976 TI - Isolation of 80S ribosomes from spores of Aspergillus fumigatus and their antigenicity in rabbits. AB - Ribosomes were obtained from spores of Aspergillus fumigatus by mechanical disruption and differential centrifugation. The initial preparation (crude ribosomes) contained spore components which appeared to be broken fragments of plasmalemma with or without organelles. Purified ribosomes free of membranous material were prepared by gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B. Monomeric 80S ribosomes consisting of 40% protein and 60% RNA, and morphologically characteristic of fungal ribosomes were isolated. Serological reactions in sera from rabbits with crude or purified ribosomes were similar indicating that the purification process did not change or eliminate antigens that stimulated antibody detectable either by indirect hemagglutination (IHA) or in gel precipitin tests. PMID- 7040977 TI - Immunity in cryptococcosis: an overview. AB - Cryptococcosis is an often fatal opportunistic fungal infection. Despite efforts to elucidate the role of immunity in host defense against the disease, much remains to be learned. The purpose of this brief review is to provide the reader with an overview of the history of research concerned with host immunity in cryptococcosis. both humoral and cell-mediated studies are included. An effort has been made to present the reader with a comprehensive list of references in the hope of encouraging additional reading and research in this important area. PMID- 7040978 TI - The man behind the name: Dr. William Worral Mayo - b. 1819, Dr William James 1861 1939, Dr Charles Horace 1865-1939. PMID- 7040979 TI - The century since Darwin. PMID- 7040980 TI - Enzymatic replication of E. coli chromosomal origin is bidirectional. AB - A soluble enzyme system has been discovered which specifically recognizes and replicates plasmids containing the Escherichia coli chromosomal origin, oriC. Electron microscopy has shown that plasmid replication begins at or near oriC from which it progresses bidirectionally to completion. Control of initiation of a cycle of chromosomal replication and mechanisms of priming and fork movement can now be explored using this system. PMID- 7040981 TI - Electron microscopy of hepatitis B core antigen synthesized in E. coli. PMID- 7040982 TI - Evidence for x-linkage and non-inactivation of steroid sulphatase locus in wood lemming. PMID- 7040983 TI - Induction of a DNA glycosylase for N-methylated purines is part of the adaptive response to alkylating agents. PMID- 7040984 TI - Adaptation to alkylation resistance involves the induction of a DNA glycosylase. PMID- 7040985 TI - Signal processing times in bacterial chemotaxis. PMID- 7040986 TI - Mismatch correction at O6-methylguanine residues in E. coli DNA. PMID- 7040987 TI - Human body clocks and the timing of sleep. PMID- 7040988 TI - Erythrocytes deficiency in glycophorin resist invasion by the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. PMID- 7040989 TI - Deoxyribonucleotide synthesis and the emergence of DNA in molecular evolution. AB - DNA replication requires monomeric deoxyribonucleotides, which cannot be regarded as primary products of organic syntheses on a primitive earth. However, the present biosynthetic pathway--reductive elimination of the 2'-OH group from ribonucleotides, catalyzed by ribonucleotide reductases and thioredoxins- suggests an early, polyphyletic combination of protein-nucleotide interactions and metal catalysis. That key process had to precede the upcome of RNA-DNA dualism on the way from RNA-protein protocells to true organisms. PMID- 7040990 TI - Development of a serum-free medium for cultivation of insect cells. PMID- 7040991 TI - Proceedings of the State Medical Convention, held in Raleigh, April, 1849, and Constitution and Medical Ethics of the Medical Society of the State of North Carolina, then adopted. PMID- 7040992 TI - [Breast feeding in humans]. PMID- 7040993 TI - [Burns caused by phosphorus]. PMID- 7040994 TI - Application of tube LAI assay in larynx cancer patients. AB - The tube LAI assay was used for long-term follow-up of specific antitumor immunity in larynx cancer patients. A high percentage of patients examined before surgery exhibited positive LAI reactivity, and the success of treatment was reflected in the disappearance of positive LAI reactions. The tube LAI assay may be useful in diagnosing the precancerous states. Finally, positive LAI reactions were observed in hospital staff members exposed to contact with cancer patients over several years. PMID- 7040995 TI - The Eker renal tumor rat. General immune status in relation to a varying tumor burden. AB - Evidence was obtained that the response of blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin was reduced in some but not all rats with massive hereditary renal tumors (less than 50 mm mean diameter). Erythrocyte-antibody sensitized, complement dependent (EAC) rosette formation by sensitized spleen cells was also depressed in these animals, but plaque forming cell activity was essentially normal. Lesser tumor growth was associated with general cell-mediated and humoral immune responses which were within the range found for non-tumor-bearing syngeneic rats. PMID- 7040996 TI - Synthesis of myelin, particulate, and soluble protein subfractions of rat sciatic nerve during the early stage of Wallerian degeneration: a comparison of metabolic studies using double and single isotope methods and recovery. AB - The recovery, electrophoretic composition and synthesis of the myelin, particulate protein and soluble protein subfractions of rat sciatic nerve were compared in normal, sham-operated, and degenerating rat sciatic nerve at one, three and five days after neurotomy. Both single and double isotope methods were used to measure changes in synthesis in vitro and double isotope methods were used in vivo. The wet weights of nerves undergoing Wallerian degeneration for 5 days increased by 40 percent compared to normal and sham-operated nerves. The recovery, specific radioactivity, and synthesis of the myelin was reduced. The effect on myelin protein synthesis was similar in vitro and in vivo. The myelin loss was relatively constant in amount (30-40 microgram) regardless of differences in nerve sizes of young and old rats, consequently the percentage of myelin loss was inversely proportional to nerve size. The recovery of particulate protein increased, its rate of synthesis remained unchanged, and accordingly the specific radioactivity was decreased. The recovery, specific radioactivity, and the rate of synthesis of the soluble protein fraction were all elevated. The protein composition of the three fractions, as analyzed qualitatively by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, remained essentially unchanged through five days of degeneration. With regard to comparisons of the single and double isotope methods, results shows that the latter are more ideally suited to measuring changes in synthesis during the non-steady state conditions that are characteristics of rapid degeneration. PMID- 7040998 TI - Edward Weston Hurst: 1900-1980. PMID- 7040997 TI - Immunohistochemical staining of senile plaques. AB - Immunohistochemical staining of serum proteins, including immunoglobulins, was carried out on formalin-fixed cerebral tissue from 24 autopsy cases (twenty dements, four controls) and fifteen biopsy cases (ten dements, five controls). Sixteen of the autopsy cases showed focal regions where there was staining of globulins and other serum proteins within senile plaque 'cores', nerve cell perikarya and astrocytes. This pattern of staining, generally, occurred either in relation to areas of cerebral infarction or in the neighbourhood of small arteries displaying arteriosclerotic changes. In tissue areas, distant from these vascular alterations, no staining occurred. Furthermore, none of the biopsy cases showed any such areas of staining. These findings indicate that the positive immunohistochemical reactions demonstrated within senile plaques (and other tissue components) are more likely to result from leakage of serum proteins, including immunoglobulins out of damaged vessels and into the brain parenchyma, rather than being indicative of the involvement of immunological mechanisms in the aetiology of plaques, as has been suggested by other workers. PMID- 7040999 TI - Properties of CRF from normal and Brattleboro rat median eminence. AB - Most of the corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) activity of normal rat median eminence (ME) extract binds to a neurophysin affinity column. The bound material contains the large and small factors, which we have previously demonstrated to be required together for full activity. Most of the CRF activity of Brattleboro rat ME extract, which contains as much CRF activity as the ME extract of a normal rat, does not bind to a neurophysin affinity column. The CRF activity of Brattleboro rat ME extract resides entirely in a large molecule as determined by Sephadex G-25 chromatography. The different properties of Brattleboro and normal rat CRF suggest that the CRF activity in the Brattleboro rat may result from a substance which is different from that in a normal rat. PMID- 7041000 TI - Immunocytochemical evidence for gonadoliberin in rat anterior pituitary gland. AB - Endogenous gonadoliberin was localized by using immunocytological methods in the hypothalamic neurons which synthetize the peptide and in the hypophysial target cells. The rat tissues were fixed and frozen. Ultrathin sections were obtained by cryoultramicrotomy. In the pituitary gland, GnRH was observed in both gonadotropic and prolactin cells. In these cells, endogenous GnRH was observed in the secretory granules, in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. After castration an increase of immunoreactive GnRH was observed; after injection of a potent agonist (D-Trp6-Pro9-Net-LRF) or an antagonist (D-pGlu1, D-Phe2, Trp3,6 LRF) endogenous GnRH staining was decreased. These data suggest that endogenous GnRH could be bound to a site having a high affinity for GnRH. PMID- 7041001 TI - Immunocytochemical evidence that suckling inhibits the postovariectomy depletion of median eminence luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. AB - Suckling has been demonstrated to impair the release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and to prevent the dramatic increase in plasma LH observed following ovariectomy. In the present study, the effect of suckling (10 pups/animal) for either 1 or 3 weeks on the relative amount of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) present in the hypothalamus and preoptic area of ovariectomized and intact rats was examined using immunocytochemical methodology. Controls consisted of nonlactating animals which were either intact (diestrous) or ovariectomized for 1 or 3 weeks. Brains were removed following transcardial perfusion of phosphate-buffered formalin and Bouin's fixative. After dehydration, clearing and paraffin embedding, the brains were sectioned and LHRH localized by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. A positive reaction denoting the presence of immunoreactive LHRH was observed over axons and termini throughout the rostral to caudal extent of the median eminence (ME) and surrounding the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) in the preoptic area. Ovariectomy resulted in a progressive decline in the concentration of LHRH within the ME as evidenced by a reduction in the intensity of the staining reaction and in the number of axons over which the reaction was observed. In contrast, brains from ovariectomized rats which had been suckled appeared to have concentrations of LHRH in the ME equal to or greater than that of the diestrous controls. Similarly, the concentrations of LHRH In the ME of intact, suckled rats did not differ significantly from that of the diestrous controls. Neither ovariectomy nor suckling produced any observable change in the relative concentration of LHRH located near the OVLT. These data demonstrate that suckling prevents the depletion of LHRH from the ME following ovariectomy and provide evidence for mechanism by which the suckling stimulus may suppress plasma LH. PMID- 7041002 TI - Counteraction of gonadal steroid inhibition of luteinizing hormone release by naloxone. AB - The effect of naloxone on the negative feedback action of gonadal steroids on luteinizing hormone (LH) release was studied in castrated male and female rats. The reduction by estradiol benzoate or testosterone propionate of elevated serum LH levels in rats ovariectomized for 4 weeks was reversed by a single injection of naloxone. Injection of estradiol benzoate, together with progesterone, similarly reduced serum LH levels in ovariectomized rats, and this inhibition was partially reversed by naloxone. A single injection of testosterone propionate decreased serum LH levels in male rats castrated 48 h earlier, and naloxone completely blocked the androgen-induced inhibition of LH secretion. Chronic administration of either testosterone propionate or morphine sulfate to castrated male rats prevented the postcastration rise of serum LH. The decrease of hypothalamic LHRH in castrated rats was completely blocked by testosterone propionate or morphine sulfate administration. These results are believed to indicate that hypothalamic opiates are involved in gonadal steroid feedback inhibition of LH release. PMID- 7041003 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Honduras. PMID- 7041004 TI - Computer-assisted stereotactic microsurgery for the treatment of intracranial neoplasms. AB - This paper describes a stereotactic CO2 laser system for the removal of intra axial, intracranial neoplasms. The volume of the neoplasm is transferred into stereotactic space by computer reconstruction of data derived by computed tomography (CT) performed under stereotactic conditions. The tumor volume is sliced in a plane orthogonal to the surgical approach, and slices at specific distances from the focal point of the stereotactic frame are displayed on a graphics monitor in the operating suite along with a cursor representing the position of the surgical laser. Laser vaporization of sequential slices of the tumor results in a cavity, the formation of which is monitored by anteroposterior and lateral roentgenograms. Fifteen stereotactic laser procedures have been performed on 13 patients, and the results are discussed. By this method, it is theoretically possible to remove all of an intracranial neoplasm detected by CT scanning. PMID- 7041005 TI - Compute tomography-oriented stereotactic system. AB - A new and simple computed tomography (CT)-oriented stereotactic system that uses the basic principle of working in the CT plane of the target is described. The system consists of a movably mounted frame carrying an adjustable probe holder capable of sliding along the length of the frame and being inclined to any desired angle, together with an independently mounted head fixed system. The movably mounted frame and the sliding probe holder are adjusted in the CT plane of the target. The angle and the distance to which the probe holder should be adjusted for accurate probing can be obtained from a single scan image. The system can be used in any total body scanner with standard features. No special computer programming is necessary, and no calculations are needed. The operation of the system is described wit illustrative cases. PMID- 7041006 TI - A computed tomographic stereotactic adaptation system. AB - An adaptation to render an existing popular stereotactic apparatus compatible with computed tomography (CT) is described. A localization system attaches to the stereotactic head holder and a simple computer program allows considerable accuracy in the translation of CT data into stereotactic space in the operating room. PMID- 7041007 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Portugal. PMID- 7041008 TI - Evaluation and measurement of the normal ventricular and subarachnoid spaces by CT. PMID- 7041009 TI - Presynaptic microtubules: organisation and assembly/disassembly. AB - With the electron microscope we have examined the organisation of microtubules in synapses and varicosities of central and peripheral axons and their assembly/disassembly in synaptosomes. Following fixation in a tri-aldehyde fixative containing a calcium ion chelating agent, central synapses and autonomic varicosities show up to 10 microtubule profiles. In synapses, these microtubules are found at one or both poles of the terminal. In autonomic varicosities, microtubules occupy a central zone or are located to one side. Synaptosomes also contain microtubules, probably arranged in the form of a coil. The coil lies in an equatorial plane parallel to the active zone and is closely apposed to the plasma membrane. The microtubules in intact synapses, autonomic varicosities and synaptosomes are frequently associated with mitochondria. Serial section analysis shows that the mitochondrion in synaptosomes is horse-shoe shaped and that presynaptic microtubules are continuous with those in the axon. In synaptosomes, presynaptic microtubules disassemble when exposed to colchicine (IC50 = 3 x 10( 4) M) and low temperatures (1 degree C) and reassemble following warming to 37 degrees C. Reassembly occurs with no other apparent effects on the organisation of the presynaptic terminal. The synaptosomes thus retain the capacity to assemble ordered coils of microtubules. The function of presynaptic microtubules is discussed in the light of the finding that there may be a relation between the number of turns in the microtubular coil and the size of the presynaptic terminal. An explanation is proposed for the relative scarcity of these structures at conventionally prepared synapses. PMID- 7041010 TI - [Diagnostic value of determination of urinary alpha-glucosidase in children]. PMID- 7041011 TI - Improved immunohistochemical visualization of central serotonin nerves after loading with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. AB - 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), which reacts with a monoclonal antibody raised against 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), has been used to increase the sensitivity of the immunohistochemical detection by this antibody of central 5-HT nerves in the rat brain. Rats pretreated with tricyclic antidepressants were given a single intraventricular injection of 5,7-DHT and were sacrificed 30 min-3 h later. This treatment resulted in accumulation of 5,7-DHT by central 5-HT nerves and selectively enhanced the immunofluorescence reaction of these nerves, particularly the terminals and non-terminal fibres. PMID- 7041012 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the medulla oblongata of the guinea pig. AB - Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique brains of colchicine-treated guinea pigs were investigated for the occurrence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive (VIP-IR) neurons. VIP-IR perikarya were found not only in previously documented areas of the cortex, hypothalamus and substantia grisea centralis, but also in the nucleus nervi vagi, nucleus solitarius and the formatio reticularis. PMID- 7041013 TI - Plasma renin activity. PMID- 7041014 TI - The dorsal diencephalic conduction system: a review of the anatomy and functions of the habenular complex. AB - The first part of this paper is an attempt to sketch an outline of the anatomy of the dorsal diencephalic conduction system by reviewing experimental evidence establishing the afferent and efferent connections of the habenular complex. This system provides an alternative to the descending medial forebrain bundle for the conduction of information from the limbic forebrain to limbic midbrain areas. The second part is a critical examination of experiments using ablation or electrical and chemical stimulation techniques which are concerned with the behavioural functions of the habenular complex. The habenula has been shown to play an important role in a diverse set of behavioural systems, which include olfaction, ingestion, mating, endocrine function, aversive motivation, and brain stimulation. Anatomical and behavioural support is presented for the view that the dorsal diencephalic conduction system provides an opportunity for interaction of activity in motivational systems with movement systems in the striatum and midbrain. PMID- 7041015 TI - Responsiveness to estradiol in central nervous system of aging female rats. AB - The age related decline in reproductive capacity in the female rat is examined in terms of physiological and behavioral changes in responsiveness to estradiol evidenced during the second year of life. After 9-12 months of age, regular estrous cycles are replaced by constant estrous, prolonged pseudopregnancy, or anestrous states, with concurrent alterations in endocrine function. Some of the mechanisms implicated in the mediation of these changes are reviewed. Estrogenic influences on estrous behavior and the control of feeding and body weight in aged rats, as well as the effects of parity on aged endocrinological functioning are discussed. PMID- 7041017 TI - The fitness of categories and vice versa. AB - Two basic propositions are developed as useful in an evolutionary analysis of the origins of complex biobehavioral categories: 1. Such categories derive from the gradual accumulation of a very large number of categoric alternatives, each of which is very small, and 2. Fitness considerations provide valuable insight into the ultimate decision process whereby these micro-categories, and thus eventually, all more complex categories, are achieved. PMID- 7041016 TI - Cerebellar pathology in schizophrenia--cause or consequence? AB - Atrophy of the cerebellar vermal cortex has been reported to occur in 10% or more of patients with schizophrenia. Data from studies on experimental animals indicate that a functional relationship between the cerebellum and parts of the forebrain involved in emotion exists, and that the cerebellum may influence some types of behavior. Cerebellar abnormality in schizophrenic patients, although of uncertain cause, could contribute to the symptomatology of the disease. PMID- 7041018 TI - Temporaries: a preview of the permanent work using the new generation self-cure resin Snap and a vacuum mold matrix. PMID- 7041019 TI - Early development of dental hygiene. PMID- 7041020 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics in vaginal hysterectomy: a review. PMID- 7041021 TI - Hyperparathyroidism and pregnancy: a review. PMID- 7041022 TI - Evidence for microbial transfer by spermatozoa. AB - Ovulatory-phase cervical mucus columns demonstrate that microorganisms migrate in the cervical mucus with moving spermatozoa. Cultures obtained from the distal end of the mucus column after spermatozoal migration was complete yielded the same aerobic and anaerobic microbial isolates that were originally recovered from the seminal fluid. Exogenous aerobic bacteria added to the seminal fluid. Exogenous aerobic bacteria added to the seminal fluid also appeared at the top of the mucus column. After removal of the spermatozoa, no bacteria were observed migrating through the mucus. It is concluded that spermatozoa may provide a vehicle for bacteria present in the seminal fluid prior to ejaculation and for those already present in the cervix or vagina. The significance of this finding is discussed, and one mechanism for the development of salpingo-oophoritis in the female is proposed. PMID- 7041024 TI - Pubourethral supports in perspective: modified pereyra procedure for urinary incontinence. AB - The present study supports the thesis that failures in urethral suspensory-type operations in women with anatomic stress urinary incontinence often are caused by pull-out of suspensory sutures attached to attenuated endopelvic fascia around the urethrovesical junction. Thickening of this fascia helps impede suture pull out. Such thickening is facilitated by detaching the fascia from the pubis to enfold it. Freeing the fascia from the inferior pubis exposes the posterior pubourethral ligaments to direct view. Binding the much stronger posterior pubourethral ligaments and enfolded fascia together with the suspensory sutures provides maximum resistance to suture pull-out. Of 54 women treated with this modified Pereyra procedure as a primary operation for anatomic stress urinary incontinence, 94.5% showed complete cure or marked improvement 4 to 6 years postoperatively. PMID- 7041023 TI - Effect of maternal triglyceride ingestion on fetal respiratory movements. AB - The fetal breathing index is the time in which a fetus undertakes respiratory movements, expressed as a percentage of a 30-minute observation period. The fetal breathing index was studied following maternal ingestion of either a 100-ml triglyceride emulsion (Lipomul) plus 250 ml mineral water, or ingestion of 350 weeks' gestation were examined. The fetal breathing index increased similarly and significantly in both groups. As expected, maternal plasma triglyceride levels increased significantly in the triglyceride-stimulated group 180 minutes after ingestion of triglyceride emulsion plus water. The fetal breathing index for the triglyceride-stimulated group increased from 19.1 +/- 5.7% (SEM) to 38.8 +/- 10.5% at 90 minutes after ingestion, and to 44.4 +/- 14.1% after 180 minutes (P less than .05). In the control group (ingesting mineral water only), the fetal breathing index increased form 8.6 +/- 3.5% to 44.9 +/- 6.9% and 49.0 +/- 13.1% (P less than .05) after 90 and 180 minutes, respectively. Plasma triglyceride levels remained unchanged. No significant increase in maternal plasma free fatty acids, glucose, insulin, glucagon, total cortisol, or free cortisol levels was found. No increase in the fetal breathing index was found over a 180-minute period in 6 pregnant women who had not had oral intake of food or water (P = .17). The results suggest that oral intake of water, with or without added triglycerides, by fasting mothers might stimulate fetal respiratory movements. PMID- 7041025 TI - [Combined chemo- and radiotherapy in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma]. AB - During a period of 3 years 25 patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma were treated with combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The regimen was composed of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and vincristine (ACO). After the first three cycles of combination chemotherapy-radiotherapy treatment was given to the primary tumor, the regional lymph nodes, the mediastinum and clinically involved cervical nodes. All patients showed a complete or partial regression of tumor. The median duration of response of patients with limited disease was 12 months, for those with extended or disseminated disease 8,6 months. Median survival from start of therapy was 14 months for those with limited disease at presentation and 10,9 months for those presenting with disseminated disease. The data were compared with those of other studies and discussed. PMID- 7041026 TI - [Chemotherapy of advanced stomach cancer]. AB - Medical treatment of advanced carcinoma of the stomach in the past proved almost fruitless. Recent experience with cytotoxic drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, mitomycin C and nitrosoureas have begun to show evidence of definitive antineoplastic activity. Intensified efforts of studying new drugs and combinations are fully justified. PMID- 7041027 TI - Report on various clinical studies on high dose methotrexate in Europe (non EORTC). AB - High dose Methotrexate (HDMtx) is used in the therapy of a broad variety of human tumors. This review reports on completed, ongoing, or planned clinical trials or experience with HDMtx in individual therapy modalities. It is stressed that HDMtx therapy should solely be given by highly skilled and experienced clinical oncologists, who are able to prevent toxicity and unnecessary side effects by determining Mtx-serum-levels, urine pH, fluid balance and detect clinical indicators for toxicity early enough to escape fatal organ damages. PMID- 7041028 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of radiotherapy in neoplasms of the anterior cranial fossa]. AB - Primary and secondary tumors of the anterior cranial fossa are discussed in clinic-therapeutical survey and mainly the role of radiation therapy of some of these tumors is stressed. The possibilities of additional use of radiosensitizing substances and possible combinations with chemotherapeutic agents are related. Statistical results of our own concerning malignant glioma and retinoblastoma are shown; the last mentioned tumors are a grateful and demanding indication area of radiation therapy. Casuistic experiences with malignant melanoma of the orbital region are discussed; detailed recommendations as to radiotherapeutic management of intraorbital tumors are given. PMID- 7041029 TI - [Problems of Hodgkin's disease in childhood]. AB - Many publications about treatment results of Hodgkin's disease in adults give a rather optimistic outlook. Our experience with the treatment results of 10 children between 1970 and 1980 is rather disappointing due to late side effects of the combined treatment modalities. These complications of therapy and guidelines form the management of various stages of Hodgkin's disease are discussed. PMID- 7041030 TI - [Optimization of large-field radiotherapy for lymphogranulomatosis]. AB - In low stages of Hodgkin's disease radiotherapy alone is still considered to be the treatment of choice, as so called mantle fields and so called inverted Y fields. According to the early onset of chemotherapy in stages I-IIIA radiation technique and radiation dose have to be adapted. With regard to stage, histologic type and adjuvant chemotherapy in Hodgkin's disease risks of radiation therapy are evaluated. Recommendations for modified radiation techniques are given. PMID- 7041031 TI - [Results of a comparative therapy study for inoperable lung cancer]. AB - In a prospective randomized study 78 selected patients with bronchogenic cancer have been included, and five different treatment modalities have been compared (1. Biologic therapy; 2. Vitamin A + Cytoxan; 3. Vitamin A + Telecobalt irradiation; 4. Telecobalt irradiation; 5. Immunotherapy). No significant differences if survival times between the different groups have been observed. Nevertheless, significant differences of survival times were found between small cell and squamous cell carcinoma patients without respect to the therapy applied. The highest number of remissions was obtained by therapy 3, followed by 4 and 2. Consequences for further studies are discussed. PMID- 7041032 TI - [Regional lymph node metastases in carcinoma of the larynx and it valuation for the indication of partial laryngectomy]. AB - The defluxion conditions of lymphatic current, bounded close to the interrelation of anatomical larynx structure and intralaryngeal propagation of cancer, come together the boundary of still authorized and as yet exceeded indication of partial laryngectomy, so that there is to require a strict selection of the particular case. Infinitely good formula and specific loosenings are consequently to refuse for the decision of indication. Referring to the valuation of regional lymph node metastases for the decision of operation in partial resections of the larynx the own experiences directed to the following guiding principles: 1. Early metastases exclude a partial laryngectomie since they announce an already happened exceeding of the organ limits even in make-believe defined neoplasms of the interior of the larynx. 2. The problems of latent metastases can only be prevented by a systematical prophylactic neck dissection, which should be performed principally in case of doubt on the side of the predominant tumour growth. 3. The appearing of late metastases exhibits retrospective the doubtfulness of the effected partial resection and necessitates an essential neck dissection of both sides and if necessary an additional total laryngectomy. PMID- 7041033 TI - [Polyamine levels in blood and plasma of patients with malignant melanoma]. AB - The polyamines putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, and the amine histamine in whole blood and plasma of 42 patients with malignant melanoma were analysed after cold acid extraction and ion-exchange chromatography by fluorescence detection. Depending on the degree of tumor spreading the patients were grouped into 5 subpopulations; results were statistically compared with the values obtained from a normal population. The mean values of polyamine concentrations in the patient groups were generally not distinguishable from the mean values of the controls. Solely the mean of the spermidine values of postoperative patients with or without medical therapy and the spermine mean value for postoperative patients in tumor stage I and III were elevated. Cadaverine was never detected. The individual frequency of elevated polyamine levels in the plasma of single patients and variable, depending on patient subpopulation and polyamine under consideration. Spermidine was most frequently elevated (44%) in patients of tumor stage I under immunetherapy. We conclude that due to the low frequency of polyamine elevations to be found in plasma of melanoma patients by our method no diagnostic or prognostic significance and only limited importance for monitoring patients under therapy can be claimed for. PMID- 7041034 TI - Biphasic action of prostacyclin on intraocular pressure. AB - The effect of exogenous prostacyclin (PGI2) on the rabbit eye was investigated. During intravenous infusion, intraocular pressure readings and changes of the luminal diameters of choroidal veins were recorded simultaneously. 5 ng/kg/min induced a reduction of intraocular pressure and no blood flow changes. 25 ng/kg/min resulted in a considerable vasodilatation in the posterior uvea paralleled by an increase in intraocular pressure. These results suggest the explanation that exogenous prostacyclin in high doses causes an augmentation of posterior uveal blood flow and thereby a rise in intraocular pressure. Low (2.5 mg/kg BW) or high (17.5 mg/kg BW) aspirin caused no changes in intraocular pressure, indicating a minor role of endogenous prostaglandins in regulating intraocular tension. PMID- 7041035 TI - Bilateral versus unilateral penetrating graft in keratoconus. AB - A series of 105 penetrating grafts in keratoconus is analyzed. In 45 unilateral grafts, 15% developed allograft rejection (AR); in 30 bilateral grafts, there was AR in 13% of first eyes and in 17% of second eyes. The incidence of rejection in second eyes was three times greater within the first year after surgery than it was in first eyes. The interval between grafts performed on the first and second eyes demonstrates that with a mean interval of eight months, the incidence was 22%, and with a mean interval of 35 months, it was only 5%. None of the cases of AR caused definitive graft failure because of adequate warnings to the patient and prompt therapy. Visual acuity was 20/50 or better in the whole series in 91% of cases and 87% in the AR cases, it was the same in 87% of grafts. PMID- 7041036 TI - Expulsive hemorrhage in penetrating keratoplasty. PMID- 7041037 TI - Retinopathy in adolescents and young adults with onset of insulin-dependent diabetes in childhood. AB - Retinal studies were done in 181 postpubescent, insulin-dependent diabetic patients who developed diabetes before the age of 20. Retinal studies included serial direct ophthalmoscopic examinations, stereoscopic fundus photography and fluorescein angiography. At the time of retinal studies, muscle biopsies also were done to measure capillary basement membrane thickness (CBMT) as an index of early microvascular changes in skeletal muscles. Assessment of clinical metabolic control, interpretation of retinal findings, and CBMT were done independently. No retinopathy was detected in patients observed continuously and known to have been in higher degrees of metabolic control. Twenty-five patients in lower degrees of control for extended periods had retinopathy. CBMT was found to be labile and to progress or regress within a year depending on the degree of control. All patients in lower degrees of control with retinopathy had increased CBMT, but if they subsequently attained and maintained a high degree of control for a year, then CBMT diminished and there was no progression of retinopathy. Our study demonstrates that a high degree of metabolic control delays, and may prevent, microvascular changes, and confirms other studies indicating that most postpubescent, insulin-dependent diabetic patients will develop retinopathy within 15 years unless a relatively high degree of control is maintained. PMID- 7041038 TI - Complications associated with use of tantalum-mesh--covered implants. AB - In 1948, ophthalmologists started implanting plastic spheres partially covered with tantalum mesh (eg, the Valley Forge Implant) in anophthalmic sockets. Numerous patients have developed complications ten to 15 years after surgery: pain ("pinching" or "deep"), headache, heavy mucopurulent discharge and diffuse conjunctival inflammation, migration of the implant, thinning or erosion of tissues covering the implant (extrusion), and inability to wear an artificial eye. Management includes refabrication of the artificial eye and replacement of the implant with a dermis-fat graft or a silicone ball plus scleral graft. Tantalum-mesh--covered orbital implants should probably not be used. PMID- 7041039 TI - Influence on retrolental fibroplasia of intramuscular vitamin E administration during respiratory distress syndrome. AB - The effect of vitamin E administered during the acute phase of therapy for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) on the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was evaluated in a randomized double-masked study. One hundred neonates received either vitamin E or placebo intramuscularly within the first 24 hours of birth and at 24, 48, and 168 hours respectively. Additional doses were given twice weekly while the infant remained in an oxygen-enriched environment and could not tolerate feedings and vitamin supplements. Parenteral vitamin E treated infants had significantly increased serum vitamin E levels compared to placebo-treated infants. Most placebo-treated patients attained normal serum vitamin E levels during the second week of life because of nutritional sources of vitamin E. Infants in both groups had RDS of similar severity. Seventy-four infants, 37 vitamin E-treated and 37 placebo-treated, survived longer than 10 days and had ophthalmologic examinations. Active changes of Stage I and Stage II ROP were noted in 17 of those patients; 9 (24.3%) vitamin E-treated and 8 (21.6%) placebo-treated patients (P = 0.572). No infants developed severe cicatricial changes, and their retinal findings regressed. The incidence of risk factors associated with ROP development occurred equally in the vitamin E-treated and placebo-treated infants that developed ROP. Thus, vitamin E-administration as described in this study did not result in any further reduction in the incidence of the active stages of ROP over that seen with standard neonatal care, which included daily oral Vitamin E supplements. PMID- 7041040 TI - Flunarizine in vertigo. A double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over evaluation of a constant-dose schedule. AB - The anti-vertigo activity of flunarizine has been evaluated in a 16-week double blind placebo-controlled cross-over trial involving 41 patients. After a 4-week open running-in treatment with 10 mg flunarizine daily, the 40 responders were either further treated with flunarizine--at the same dose--or given matching placebo. After another 6 weeks, they were switched to the alternative medication. Severity of vertigo, and frequency and duration of the attacks were quickly and significantly reduced with the open flunarizine dose. Continuation of the drug further produced a slight improvement whereas switching over to the placebo resulted in a significant deterioration of the patients' condition. Tinnitus seemed to be less responsive to treatment. The level of untoward effects (sedation) was low and similar for both medications. PMID- 7041041 TI - [Incidence of Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) in pregnant women before labor and in their newborn infants]. PMID- 7041042 TI - [The role of Lewis antigen in acute kidney graft rejection]. PMID- 7041043 TI - [Preservation of personal health and mental hygiene in the 18th century]. PMID- 7041044 TI - [Prof. Melczer, 90 years old]. PMID- 7041045 TI - [Memorabilia of Vilma Hugonnai at Balatonfured]. PMID- 7041046 TI - [Development of skin transplantation methods]. PMID- 7041047 TI - [History of comparative medicine in Hungary]. PMID- 7041048 TI - [On the 75th anniversary of the death of Henri Moissan]. PMID- 7041049 TI - [Dr. Nandor Hun (1919-1982)]. PMID- 7041050 TI - [On the surgical treatment of Perthes' disease in older children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041051 TI - The minimum angle of resolution vs angle of regard function as measured with different targets. PMID- 7041052 TI - Opiate and opioid peptide effects on brain stem neurons: relevance to nociception and antinociceptive mechanisms. PMID- 7041053 TI - "Ludwig Guttmann-man of an age'. PMID- 7041054 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of serum digoxin levels. Clinical exploration (author's transl)]. AB - This work undertakes, in a second part, the clinical exploration of 947 serum digoxin levels of 281 hospitalized patients on a cardiology ward. Our results, which coincide with those of other researchers, have led us to draw certain practical conclusions: the posology is determined first of all according to kidney function, weight and age of the patient. When the treatment is insufficient or, on the other hand, poorly tolerated, a serum digoxin level is performed permitting thus: 1) in the case of ineffective treatment: to be sure of the patient's cooperation, to increase the posology if the serum digoxin level is not in the toxic zone, to discover an eventual pharmacokinetic problem; 2) to establish the responsibility of digitalis (when there are signs of intolerance or of intoxication), in case of arrhythmia, in patients with pacemakers, when associated drugs are capable of causing similar adverse effects; 3) to better manage a digitalis treatment in a high risk patient (unstable renal function, advanced myocardial disease, chronic obstructive disease). PMID- 7041055 TI - [PMN leukocytes chemotaxis: inhibition by thalidomide (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of thalidomide on chemotaxis of normal human peripheral blood PMN leukocytes have been studied in vitro. Chemotaxis factor was generated by interacting normal human serum with zymosan. At concentration of 1, 10 and 100 micrograms/ml, thalidomide failed to inhibit chemotactic factor. Pre-incubation of PMNs with thalidomide caused a marked, dose-independent inhibition of chemotaxis. Random mobility did not appear to be affected. Inhibition of PMN chemotactic ability by thalidomide may account for its ability to improve skin diseases such as aphtosis, discoid lupus erythematosus and other sun-sensitive and/or inflammatory dermatoses. PMID- 7041056 TI - [Signification of fibrinogen degradation (FDP) product in CSF during the neonatal period (author's transl)]. AB - Results of a prospective study on neonatal brain damage are reported. 57 full term newborns were subjected to clinical examination with a one year follow-up. Blood and CSF were sampled for FDP determinations on days J1, J3, J8 and when necessary, J15. Traumatic punctures do not alter results. FDP measurement were negative in the whole blood samples and most CSF ones. High FDP values in early samples are linked to brain damage and values above 4 micrograms/ml are significantly correlated to neurological sequelae. PMID- 7041057 TI - [Results of leukocyte migration inhibition test against elastin in joint diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this work was to report the results of the test TML inhibition of leukocytes' migration, using elastin, by Soborg and Bendixen method, modified with elastin rates of 100 micrograms and 200 micrograms/ml, in joints disease. We verified that the test is generally negative in healthy controls (1 TML positive out of 26 cases); we studied 72 patients, and 38 out of them had a positive test. TML is frequently positive in Horton disease, spondylarthritis, rheumatoid polyarthritis without corticoids, collagen disease; in this cases there is a significant difference of migration between patients and controls group. We also noted a positive TML in infections arthritis and other inflammatory but not in joint's diseases with alteration of elastic tissue (scabs and lung's injury). IN CONCLUSION: TML positive test with elastin, is not a specific test of articular injury neither a proof of its immunologic nature but it contributes in diagnostic for joints diseases. PMID- 7041058 TI - [Cholesterolemia and pyrexy (author's transl)]. AB - During pyretic diseases from any origin, total plasma cholesterol level decreases and its values are frequently below 1 g per liter. This observation could be expected because it conforms with the following theory: 1) cholesterol synthesis in an organism is proportional to consumed energy, 2) plasma cholesterol level is lower as cholesterol synthesis is high. PMID- 7041059 TI - [Simultaneous study of salmonella's infection in the population of eleven villages in Senegal and among lizards (species Agama) (author's transl)]. AB - Salmonella were isolated in 3.7% villagers and 37% Agama lizard in Senegalian rural area. The distribution of the thirty serotypes which were settled in the two human and animal populations is in favour of the role of Agama in preservation of a high endemic disease level. PMID- 7041060 TI - [Newer diagnostic procedures for chlamydial diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Chlamydiales are bacteries showing a growth cycle unique among procaryotes. The two species Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci are genetically very distant and their pathogenicity for man is very distinct. Human chlamydial infections by Chlamydia trachomatis are diseases chiefly sexually transmitted and their epidemiological importance is growing. The relationship between chlamydial infections, Reiter disease, and cat scratch disease are discussed. The various laboratory diagnostic procedures are reported, including the techniques and their indications; the method of choice is in the majority of cases the isolation of Chlamydia on cell culture. PMID- 7041061 TI - [Human red cell cytoskeleton: structure, functions, abnormalities (author's transl)]. AB - Associated with the red cell membrane cytoplasmic surface, the cytoskeleton is composed of a protein complex. This structure is a major element of membrane stability, shape and flexibility. Among the constitutive proteins, spectrin, red cell actin and protein band 4.1 are quantitatively and structurally the most important. Some elements, relative to structure, stoichiometry and interactions between these proteins begin to be understood, specially owing to in vitro studies of reassembling cytoskeleton structures from purified constitutive elements. Besides, the nature of some interactions between the cytoskeleton and the red cell membrane has been specified. Nevertheless, it is not possible at the present time to establish an architectural picture of the cytoskeleton anatomy, and the factors actually regulating this structure physiology are not characterized. Understanding of the normal cytoskeleton will perhaps to helped by studies of abnormal models which cytoskeleton protein structure and function could be defective but this has not so far been formally demonstrated. PMID- 7041062 TI - Assessment of a rapid-L-lactate enzyme analyzer. AB - A semi-automatic L-lactate concentration analyzer using an enzyme electrode is compared with the slower and more complicated photometric method using LDH and NAD. The analyzer permits lactate determination in less than 3 minutes with only 100 microliters of sample. The results of comparative measurements carried out on whole blood and plasma are examined with regard to the principle of enzymatic measurement. Since the analyzer only measures plasma lactate, whole blood yields lower values than by photometric methods. The analyzer has good linearity, accuracy, stability, and reproducibility. The influence of blood metabolism on the values of lactate measured is discussed. The long term fiability, an essential feature for a clinical analyzer, is not investigated in this study. PMID- 7041063 TI - [Central mechanisms of pain]. PMID- 7041064 TI - Idiopathic leucine-sensitive hypoglycemia syndrome: insulin and glucagon responses and effects of diazoxide. AB - Four children, treated with diazoxide for idiopathic leucine-sensitive (ILS) hypoglycemia of infancy, had follow-up studies at 2 to 10 yr of age to assess: (1) persistence of leucine sensitivity in later childhood. (2) pancreatic glucagon responses, and (3) the hormonal and glycemic effects of diazoxide therapy. On the third day after diazoxide therapy was stopped, the mean +/- S.E. baseline plasma glucose level (65.3 +/- 3.4 mg/dl) was significantly (P less than 0.005) lower than that of the controls (80.1 +/- 3.1 mg/dl). Corresponding mean plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) values were higher than control values but the differences were not significant. After the oral administration of leucine (50 mg/kg) in the ILS children, the mean plasma IRI level rose from 15.2 +/- 4.1 to 59 +/- micro U/ml, the mean plasma glucose concentration fell to 36.0 +/- 3.3 mg/dl and the mean plasma IRG level rose from 196 +/- 16 to 261 +/- 41 pg/ml. These responses were significantly greater (P less than 0.05 to 0.005) than those of control children who received 150 mg/kg of leucine. Intravenous arginine administration caused similar changes in mean plasma glucose, IRI and IRG values in the ILS and control children. During diazoxide therapy in the ILS children, the baseline mean plasma glucose level (89.5 +/- 4.2 mg/dl) was significantly (P greater than 0.005) higher than without therapy. Corresponding mean plasma IRI and IRG values decreased with therapy but the differences were not significant. Diazoxide therapy blunted the changes induced by leucine administration in the ILS children but did not significantly change their response to arginine infusion. Our results indicate that marked sensitivity to leucine persists after infancy in the ILS children. Their IRG responses are appropriate to the stimuli, indicating that their pancreatic alpha cells do not share the abnormality of the beta cells. Diazoxide therapy increases baseline plasma glucose levels and inhibits IRI responses to leucine in ILS children, but it has little if any effect on IRG responses. PMID- 7041065 TI - Gastric lipase in the newborn rat. AB - A substantial portion of rat milk triglycerides was hydrolyzed in the ligated stomach of suckling rats with excised lingual gland and pancreas, due to the action of gastric lipase. Free fatty acids were the main lipolytic products. There were some diglycerides and traces of monoglycerides. Medium chain length (C8-C12) fatty acids were predominantly recovered in the free fatty acid fraction, whereas the remaining tri- and diglycerides became richer in long chain (greater than or equal to C14) fatty acids suggesting a preferential lipolysis of medium chain fatty acid ester bonds. The lipase activity in extracts of stomach wall and sublingual gland tissue was more stable at acid pH and more resistant to the action of pepsin than the activity of pancreatic lipase. Trypsin strongly affected lingual lipase activity but only moderately reduced gastric and pancreatic lipase activity. Presence of sodium taurocholate made the lingual and gastric lipases less sensitive to proteolytic attack. It was also found that the activity of gastric lipase, related to the tissue protein content, decreased with the age of rats, whereas that of lingual lipase increased. The joint capacity of the stomach and lingual gland lipases amounted to about 50% of the total digestive lipolytic capacity 6 days after rat birth but decreased to about 20% at 60 days of life. This was due mainly to the considerable increase in the pancreatic gland size. PMID- 7041066 TI - Defective insulin response to intravenous glucose in congenital lactic acidosis. PMID- 7041067 TI - The American Pediatric Society. Membership List. 1981-1982. PMID- 7041068 TI - The Society for Pediatric Research. Membership List. 1981-1982. PMID- 7041069 TI - The European Society for Pediatric Research. Membership List. 1981-1982. PMID- 7041070 TI - The Latin American Society for Pediatric Research. Membership List. 1981-1982. PMID- 7041071 TI - [Advances in the treatment of hypertension in children]. PMID- 7041072 TI - [Reye's syndrome]. PMID- 7041073 TI - Serum penicillin concentrations after intramuscular administration of benzathine penicillin G in children. AB - Concentrations of penicillin were measured in serum samples of 26 children who received benzathine penicillin G (BPG) alone or in combination with procaine penicillin (PBPG). Both preparations were well absorbed; peak concentrations of penicillin after PBPG administration were 25-fold larger than those after BPG. One third and one half of serum samples from BPG and PBPG patients, respectively, contained no measurable penicillin activity at 18 days. At 30 days, there was no penicillin activity in any of the samples. These data raise questions regarding the use of BPG and PBPG for prophylaxis of group A streptococcal and pneumococcal infections. PMID- 7041074 TI - Persistent pseudohypoaldosteronism in a 7-year-old boy. AB - Pseudohypoaldosteronism has been described as a syndrome presenting early in life with profound salt wastage, failure to thrive, and lethargy. The mechanism of sodium loss is renal, not related to aldosterone production. Previous cases have been transient, responding to supplemental salt therapy which was discontinued after one to two years. A child whose pseudohypoaldosteronism was first diagnosed in infancy and whose salt loss persisted to 7 years of age is described. PMID- 7041075 TI - [Therapeutic effectiveness of antioxidants in complex treatment of bronchial asthma in children]. PMID- 7041076 TI - [Clinico-immunological evaluation of the effectiveness of specific hyposensitization in children with allergic diseases]. PMID- 7041077 TI - [Characteristics of hemodynamics in the neonatal period]. PMID- 7041078 TI - [In memory of Prof. Arkadii Ivanovich Skrotskii (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 7041079 TI - Cell puncturing with a step motor driven manipulator with simultaneous measurement of displacement. AB - A small angle stepping motor was used for construction of a micropositioner. Linear movements are produced by direct coupling of the rotor axis to high precision microdrive. The linearly moving system is constructed from stainless steal prismatic guides with hardened surfaces and permits precise steps in the 100 nm range. Extreme reduction of the moving masses and minimal friction of the radial thrust bearing enables strong acceleration of the electrode. During simultaneous measurements of step performance motoneurons in the frog spinal cord, CA 1 cells of hippocampal brain slices and glia cells in tissue culture were punctured with single electrodes (tip less than l micron and double barrelled ion-sensitive microelectrodes (phi 1,5-2 micron). In all three preparations, cell penetration could be performed by means of both types of electrodes with a high yield when the step velocity reached or exceeded 4 mm/s. Steps with lower velocity resulted in less successful cell penetrations and were accompanied by typical dimpling effects. The results indicate that a critical velocity is required for cell puncturing with a minimum of damage. PMID- 7041080 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of primary gastric sarcomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041081 TI - [The effect of misonidazole on anti-tumor activity of immunized rats that received total body irradiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041082 TI - [Danish-Russian veterinary relations 1796-1976]. PMID- 7041083 TI - [Bone marrow repopulation after heavy chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Monitoring with biopsies and marrow culture on agar (author's transl)]. AB - Repopulation of the bone marrow after heavy chemotherapy and autologous transplantation was monitored by means of biopsies and bone marrow cultures on agar carried out simultaneously from the 2nd to the 33rd days after transplantation. A parallelism was observed between the reappearance of cell clusters on biopsy material and the growth of colonies in cultures, both being the centres from which the corresponding series proliferated. The clusters were almost invariably formed of one series. Repopulation began 3 to 5 days after transplantation and was complete between the 10th and 20th days. Oedematous dissociation persisted long after the clusters reappeared. Bone marrow repair was virtually always accompanied by plasmocytosis. PMID- 7041084 TI - [Pharmacology of narcotics administered by the epidural or intrathecal route (author's transl)]. AB - Owing to the presence of specific opiate receptors in the spinal cord, analgesia can be obtained with epidural or intrathecal injections of morphine derivatives. The duration of analgesia depends upon the degree of water solubility of the compound. Compounds with low coefficient of distribution in lipids (e.g. morphine) do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier and have a prolonged action, whereas the duration of analgesia induced by highly lipid-soluble compounds, such as dextromoramide and phenoperidine, is not very different from that obtained with more conventional routes of administration. The fact that large amounts of narcotics are taken up by the spinal cord explains that central effects are relatively rare. However, side-effects may be observed, and their frequency mainly depends upon the quantity of narcotic injected. These side effects reduce the number of indications, which cannot yet be precisely determined. Epidural and intrathecal analgesia appears to be particularly useful during the post-operative period in patients liable to respiratory complications. PMID- 7041085 TI - [Peritoneojugular shunt and Salmonella typhimurium infection of the ascitic fluid]. PMID- 7041087 TI - [Polychemoresistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria, successfully treated with a benzonaphthyridine]. PMID- 7041086 TI - [Treatment of cholesterol gallstones with ursodesoxycholic acid (author's transl)]. AB - A double-blind clinical trial comparing ursodesoxycholic acid and chenodesoxycholic acid in patients with cholesterol stones in the gall-bladder showed that ursodesoxycholic acid was superior to the older drug not so much in percentage of biliary calculi dissolved but in dosage reduction (50%) and improved clinical and biological tolerance. PMID- 7041088 TI - [Toward new treatments of acute leukemia]. PMID- 7041089 TI - A structural model of 5S RNA from E. coli based on intramolecular crosslinking evidence. AB - We describe new results obtained using the bifunctional chemical reagent phenyldiglyoxal (PDG) to study the intramolecular crosslinking of ribosomal 5S RNA from E. coli. In a previous publication (Wagner & Garrett [1]) we reported the identification of a crosslink in the stem region of 5S RNA (G2-G112) using the same reagent but were unable to obtain further information because of the presence of monofunctional adducts which confused the analyses. To overcome this problem, we have removed the monoaddition products by coupling them via their free reagent ends to a solid support bearing reactive groups. Using this system we have been able to identify a new crosslink G41-G72 in native 5S RNA which has considerable structural implications. We propose a structural model in which the proximity of both nucleotides is maintained by secondary interactions. PMID- 7041090 TI - The complete sequence of RNA segment 2 of influenza A/NT/60/68 P1 protein. AB - A DNA copy of influenza A/NT/60/68 viral RNA segment 2, corresponding to protein P1, has been cloned in the E.coli plasmid pBr322. The clone is 2341 nucleotides long and represents a full-length copy of the viral RNA. In the viral complementary (plus sense) strand there is an open reading frame that is 2271 nucleotides long. The predicted primary gene product is a basic 86,300 dalton protein with a net charge at neutral pH of +23. A 29 amino acid stretch of the protein (coded by nucleotide residues 583-669) is highly basic and contains 7 lysine and 8 arginine residues. Other smaller clusters of basic amino acids are also present in the protein. PMID- 7041091 TI - Sealing of gaps in duplex DNA by T4 DNA ligase. AB - Single-strand gaps in DNA molecules were found to be a substrate for T4 DNA ligase. Sealing of the gaps was optimal at the same conditions as ligation of blunt-ended DNA molecules. Spermidine at a concentration of 2 mM stimulated the ligation of gaps, as well as the joining of DNA molecules with cohesive and blunt ends. In addition, spermidine reduced the optimal ATP concentration. The ligation of single-stranded gaps was a slow process, reaching a plateau after several hours at 25 degrees C. Approximately 10% of circular duplex plasmid pBR322 DNA molecules with a gap of 1-5 nucleotides could be converted to a covalently closed form. When such molecules were used for transformation of E. coli cells deletion mutants were obtained at a high frequency. The size and position of the gaps and the deletions were equivalent, confirming that T4 DNA ligase was sealing the gaps. PMID- 7041092 TI - RNA polymerase-dependent mechanism for the stepwise T7 phage DNA transport from the virion into E. coli. AB - The influence of rifampicin, streptolydigin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol on phage DNA transport from the T7 virion into the E. coli cell was studied. It has been found that the DNA transport proceeds in at least three stages. During the initial stage the phage injects into the host cell the left approximately 10 per cent of its DNA molecule. The entrance of the next 50 per cent of 17 DNA molecule is blocked by inhibitors which block transcription but not translation. Moreover, the entrance time of this part of the T7 DNA increases in the case of the T7 mutant D111 (which contains a deletion of the A2 and A3 promoters) and decreases in the case of the D53 mutant (which contains a deletion in the region of the early gene transcription terminator). It would appear, that the second stage of the phage DNA transport is tightly coupled with its transcription and that a mechanical function is carried out by RNA polymerase. The translation inhibitors completely block the entrance of the remaining 40 per cent of the 17 DNA molecule (class III genes) into the host cell. It would appear that some class I and (or) II gene product(s) are obligatory components of the final stage of 17 DNA transport. Some probable consequences of this virus DNA transport model as well as its agreement with the functional structure of T7 chromosome and with T7 development are discussed. PMID- 7041093 TI - Separation and sequence of the 3' termini of M double-stranded RNA from killer yeast. AB - Four subspecies of M double-stranded RNA from a killer strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated. Each subspecies were susceptible to heat cleavage, presumably at an internal 190 base pair A,U-rich region, generating two discrete fragments corresponding to each side of the A, U-rich region. Enzymatic and chemical RNA sequence analysis defined the 3'-terminal 175 bases for the larger fragment (M-1) and 231 bases for the smaller fragment (M-2). All four subspecies of M have identical size and 3'-terminal sequences. Potential translation initiation codons are present on the corresponding 5' termini of both fragments, and a possible 18S ribosomal RNA binding site is also present on the 5' terminus of M-1. Stem and loop structures for the 5' and 3' termini of M-1 may function as recognition sites for replication, transcription, and translation. PMID- 7041094 TI - A pseudogene cluster in the leader region of the Euglena chloroplast 16S-23S rRNA genes. AB - The nucleotide sequence of a region (leader region) preceding the 5'-end of 16S 23S rRNA gene region of Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA was compared with the homologous sequences that code for the 16S-23S rRNA operons of Euglena and E. coli. The leader region shows close homology in sequence to the 16S-23S rRNA gene region of Euglena (Orozco et al. (1980) J. Biol.Chem. 255, 10997-11003) as well as to the rrnD operon of E. coli, suggesting that it was derived from the 16S-23S rRNA gene region by gene duplication. It was shown that the leader region had accumulated nucleotide substitutions at an extremely rapid rate in its entirety, similar to the rate of tRNAIle pseudogene identified in the leader region. In addition, the leader region shows an unique base content which is quite distinct from those of 16S-23S rRNA gene regions of Euglena and E. coli, but again is similar to that of the tRNAIle pseudogene. The above two results strongly suggest that the leader region contains a pseudogene cluster which was derived from a gene cluster coding for the functional 16S-23S rRNA operon possibly by imperfect duplication during evolution of Euglena chloroplast DNA. PMID- 7041095 TI - Abortion ethics. PMID- 7041097 TI - History of nursing. 3. When in Rome. PMID- 7041096 TI - History of nursing. 2. All our yesterdays. PMID- 7041098 TI - Evaluation of two pit and fissure sealants: an in vitro study. PMID- 7041099 TI - Orthodontic adhesives versus anterior restorative materials for bracket bonding. PMID- 7041100 TI - Neuroblastoma with mandibular metastasis: a case report. PMID- 7041101 TI - Aplastic anemia: the disease and its management. AB - Aplastic anemia is a disease characterized by pancytopenia with hypocellular bone marrow. There are multiple etiologic agents, in particular, physical and chemical agents such as benzene and chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin). Pathogenetically, the disease may represent a stem-cell defect, a hostile microenvironment, or an autoimmune phenomenon. The diagnosis is made by history, physical examination, review of peripheral blood smear findings, and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. Therapy is both supportive and specific, using multiple modalities; immunosuppression and bone marrow transplantation are particularly promising. PMID- 7041102 TI - Medical therapy for gallstones. 1. Rationale and indications. PMID- 7041103 TI - Medical therapy for gallstones. 2. Initiation and monitoring. AB - After review of the history and baseline laboratory studies, gallstone dissolution therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid is begun at a dosage of 500 mg/day and gradually increased to an optimum dosage of 15 mg/kg/day. Periodic assessment is necessary to monitor progress of stone dissolution and to detect hepatocellular injury or bile duct obstruction. The risks of complications of biliary tract disease do not abate until the stones are dissolved. Unless there is unequivocal evidence of progressive dissolution within 16 months, treatment should be discontinued. PMID- 7041104 TI - Renal consequences of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. AB - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs can adversely affect the kidney. They may induce sodium retention and antagonize the action of diuretics, impair free-water clearance and cause hyponatremia, and prevent aldosterone production and cause hyperkalemic hyperchloremic acidosis. If patients taking these drugs are exposed to a renal insult, acute renal failure becomes more likely. Similarly, patients with chronic renal disease who are taking them appear to be at greater risk of chronic renal failure. However, not all renal effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are adverse. Beneficial effects have been reported in patients with Bartter's syndrome and in those with severe orthostatic hypotension. PMID- 7041105 TI - Adverse reactions to drugs and their physico-chemical properties. PMID- 7041106 TI - Haemorrhoids: a doctor's dilemma. PMID- 7041107 TI - [Graft-versus-host disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041108 TI - [Labetalol: a field study in essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041109 TI - Bayard Taylor Holmes--a forgotten man. PMID- 7041110 TI - Primary structure of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S1 and of its gene rpsA. AB - The primary structure of proteins S1, the largest protein component of the Escherichia coli ribosome, has been elucidated by determining the amino acid sequence of the protein (from E. coli MRE600) and the nucleotide sequence of the S1 gene (rpsA, of a K-12 strain). The two methods gave results in perfect agreement except of two positions where possible strain specific differences were found. Protein S1 (MRE600) is composed of 557 amino acid residues (no modified amino acids were detected) and has Mr 61,159. The DNA sequence for protein S1 (K 12) suggests 556 amino acid residues. A computer survey of the sequence revealed three regions in S1 with a high degree of internal homology. The ribosome binding domain of S1 (NH2 terminus) does not show any preponderance of basic amino acids. The two cysteine and the majority of tryptophan residues of S1 as well as two od the three homologous regions were located in its middle region which contains the nucleic acid binding domain. The pattern of degenerate codon usage in the S1 gene is nonrandom and similar to that reported for other ribosomal protein genes. PMID- 7041111 TI - Relationship between structure of the 5' noncoding region of viral mRNA and efficiency in the initiation step of protein synthesis in a eukaryotic system. AB - To determine whether the rate of protein synthesis is controlled by the structure of mRNA near its 5' terminus, protein-synthesizing ability, especially in its initial stage, was compared among RNAs of plant viruses. Those viruses used here contain several definite pieces of single-stranded RNA. Each of these RNAs acts as a messenger. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) RNA 5 synthesizes a small amount of a protein, Mr 7000, in an in vitro protein-synthesizing system from wheat germ or reticulocyte. Brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA 4 synthesizes a large amount of a coat protein under the same conditions. Both RNAs have the same 5'-cap structure and a short noncoding region (10 nucleotides in CMV RNA 5 and 9 in BMV RNA 4) between the 5' terminus and the initiation codon AUG. A sequence complementary to the 3' terminal of 18S ribosomal RNA is contained in BMV RNA 4 but is not apparent in CMV RNA 5. Formation of the initiation complex for protein synthesis by the 5' terminal-labeled mRNA of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus was inhibited by the addition of unlabeled BMV RNA 4 whereas it was only slightly inhibited by unlabeled CMV RNA 5. BMV RNA 4, which has a sequence complementary to rRNA, can form the initiation complex more easily than CMV RNA5. It is concluded that an apparent complementary sequence in the 3' terminal of 18S rRNA in the 5' noncoding region of eukaryotic mRNA and the 5'-cap structure enhance the rate of initiation complex formation in protein synthesis. PMID- 7041112 TI - Regulatory regions of two transport operons under nitrogen control: nucleotide sequences. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequences of the regulatory regions from two amino acid transport operons from Salmonella typhimurium: dhuA, which regulates the histidine transport operon, and argTr, which regulates argT, the gene encoding the lysine-arginine-ornithine-binding protein, LAO. The promoter for the histidine transport operon has been identified from the sequence change in the promoter-up mutation dhuA1. Neither regulatory region has any of the features typical of the regulatory regions of the amino acid biosynthetic operons, indicating that regulation of at least these transport genes does not involve a transcription attenuation mechanism. We have identified three interesting features, present in both of these sequences, which may be of importance in the regulation of these and other operons: a "stem-loop-foot" structure, a region of specific homology, and a mirror symmetry. The region of mirror symmetry may be a protein recognition site important is regulating expression of these and other operons in response to nitrogen availability. Mirror symmetry as a structure for DNA-protein interaction sites has not been proposed previously. PMID- 7041113 TI - Osmotic regulation and the biosynthesis of membrane-derived oligosaccharides in Escherichia coli. AB - The membrane-derived oligosaccharides (MDO) of Escherichia coli are periplasmic constituents containing 8-10 glucose units in a highly branched structure, linked by beta 1-2 and beta 1-6 bonds [Schneider, J. E. Reinhold, V., Rumley, M. K. & Kennedy, E. P. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 10135-10138]. The MDO are multiply substituted with sn-1-phosphoglycerol residues (derived from membrane phosphatidylglycerol) and with O-succinyl ester residues and, thus, are high anionic. Experiments in this paper offer evidence that the biosynthesis of MDO is an important aspects of osmoregulation in E. coli. Cells grown in medium of low osmolarity (ca. 50 mosM) synthesize 16 times more MDO than those grown in the same medium with 0.4 M NaCl. In cells grown in medium of low osmolarity, it appears that MDO is the principal source of fixed anion in the periplasmic space and, thus, acts to maintain the high osmotic pressure and Donnan membrane potential of the periplasmic compartment Regulation of MDO synthesis in response to changes in osmolarity of the medium appears to occur at the genetic level because the synthesis of new protein is needed to permit the production of MDO at high rates after shift of cells to medium of low osmolarity. PMID- 7041114 TI - Two alternative mechanisms for initiation of DNA replication forks in bacteriophage T4: priming by RNA polymerase and by recombination. AB - We show that bacteriophage T4 has two alternative mechanisms to initiate DNA replication; one dependent on Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6), and one dependent on general recombination. Continued DNA synthesis under recombination-defective conditions was sensitive to rifampin, an inhibitor of RNA polymerase. On the other hand, DNA synthesis accelerated in spite of the present of rifampin if recombination occurred. PMID- 7041115 TI - Overlap between ampC and frd operons on the Escherichia coli chromosome. AB - The promoter for the Escherichia coli ampC beta-lactamase gene is shown to be located within the last gene of the fumarate reductase (frd) operon. Evidence is presented that the ampC attenuator serves as the terminator for transcription of this preceding operon. The nucleotide sequence was determined for two proteins that were shown to be encoded by a DNA segment preceding the ampC gene. The two proteins consisted of 131 and 119 triplets and had molecular weights of 15,000 and 13,100, respectively. The twelve COOH-terminal amino acids of the 13,100 molecular weight protein were found to overlap the ampC promoter. Accordingly, a G.C insertion in the promoter gave both increased transcription of ampC and a frameshift in this overlapping gene, resulting in readthrough proteins. Thus, we describe a type of very compact genetic organization of operons in prokaryotes. PMID- 7041116 TI - Growth of hybridoma cells in serum-free medium: ethanolamine is an essential component. AB - A serum-free medium supplemented with a few growth factors was devised to grow lymphocyte hybridomas. The medium was developed with the hybridoma line MPC11-BL, a fusion product between a mouse plasmacytoma cell line (MPC11TG70na3) and mouse (BALB/c) spleen cells. In the process of developing the medium, ethanolamine was found to be an essential growth factor for the hybridoma. Phosphoethanolamine at 10-fold higher concentration could substitute for ethanolamine. Long-term cultivation of the cells was achieved in the defined medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, ethanolamine, and selenium. The defined medium supported the growth of various other mouse hybridoma cell lines, mostly at a rate comparable to that observed in a serum-containing medium. After one-step ammonium sulfate precipitation of the spent medium, more than 95% of the protein recovered was immunoglobulin as shown by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7041117 TI - Neurotypy: regional individuality in rat brain detected by immunocytochemistry with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Hybridomas from spleen cell fusions of six BALB/c mice immunized with hypothalamus were analyzed by immunocytochemistry for antibodies reactive with paraffin sections of fixed rat brain. In a total of 135 antibody producers, 60% were brain specific. Among these, 54% reacted with glial elements, pituitary cells, or basal lamina of intracerebral capillaries, with little variation among individual hybridomas in each of these groups. Forty-six percent of brain specific antibodies reacted with neuronal structures, localizing on nerve fibers, neurofibrils, or perikarya. Neuron-specific hybridomas could be classified into groups that localized in anatomically defineable overall patterns. Within these patterns individual hybridomas exhibited extensive qualitative localization diversity ("neurotypy"). Conceivably, the genetic message for a common "proantigen" within an overall pattern may be slightly modified during differentiation of a neuron, thus leading to minor variability in antigenic expression. During antibody formation, similar minor changes occur in the differentiation of the genetic message for the antibody variable region. Apparently, minor changes in the antibody combining site among groups of hybridomas is reflected in the detectability of minor neurotypic changes among differentiated neuronal proantigens. If neurotypy proves to be the result of single-base substitutions or of variability in alignment of peptide-coding exons, the Scharrer concept of the fundamental significance of neurosecretion could also become applicable to neuronal specialization. PMID- 7041118 TI - Effects of DNA base analogs on transcription termination at the tryptophan operon attenuator of EScherichia coli. AB - We have devised a method to specifically incorporate deoxyribonucleotide base analogs in vitro into either strand of the tryptophan (trp) operon attenuator region, using primed synthesis on bacteriophage M13 derivatives carrying cloned trp attenuator DNA. We have employed these techniques to extend previous studies implicating both RNA-RNA and RNA-DNA interactions in transcription termination in an attempt to determine the nature of the contribution from the template DNA molecule in termination regions. In general, we find that the dramatic effects upon transcription termination seen with base analog incorporation into mRNA do not occur when similar analogs are incorporated into the DNA. Only the analog 2,6 diaminopurine deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate (dDapTP), which strengthens A.T or A.U base pairing, elicits a significant response: in the template DNA strand, the presence of this analog increases read-through at the trp attenuator. The analog 5-bromouracil deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (BrdUTP), which also strengthens pairing with its complementary base, has no detectable effect on termination when it is placed in either strand of the trp attenuator or the mutant attenuator trp a1419. Surprisingly, though the analog 5-iodocytosine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (IdCTP) does not affect termination, it has a great effect on initiation of transcription, depressing trp promoter activity as well as stimulating transcription from other regions. These results support the postulated interaction between terminal uridines in mRNA and the template DNA strand in enhancing termination and suggest that there are no significant additional contributions from the DNA. In addition, the novel use of M13 derivatives for incorporating analogs into the DNA on a preparative scale provides a technique for introducing mutations in a general but controlled fashion as a new means for studying other regulatory regions. PMID- 7041119 TI - Segment-specific mutagenesis: extensive mutagenesis of a lac promoter/operator element. AB - A method for highly efficient segment-specific mutagenesis is described. The method uses as target for sodium bisulfite mutagenesis the DNA single strands of a DNA restriction fragment that had been separated by cloning into base complementary regions of a pair of phage fd vectors. After repair synthesis in vitro, the mutagenized DNA fragment is recovered by cloning into a nonmutated plasmid vector and analyzed for sequence and by functional tests. By using this method, the nucleotide sequence of a 109-base pair restriction fragment containing the lac promoter/operator from Escherichia coli was extensively modified. More than 90% of the 235 isolates obtained showed a change in phenotype; all of 22 analyzed for their nucleotide sequence were found to carry multiple C leads to T point mutations in up to 60% of the possible target positions. Nevertheless, few isolates showed major changes in promoter activity relative to the nonmutated promoter element, which indicates a high degree of flexibility in the promoter sequence. PMID- 7041121 TI - Regulation of lactose permease activity by the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system: evidence for direct binding of the glucose-specific enzyme III to the lactose permease. AB - Interaction between the glucose-specific enzyme III (enzyme IIIglc) of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system and the lactose permease was studied with membrane fragments from an Escherichia coli strain that overproduces the lactose permease. Substrates of the permease markedly and specifically stimulated binding of enzyme IIIglc to the membranes. The sugar-stimulated binding of enzyme IIIglc was concluded to the specific to the lactose permease because it (i) was dependent on the amount of the permease, (ii) was promoted only by sugar substrates of the permease, and (iii) was completely eliminated by treatment of the membranes with N-ethylmaleimide in the absence (but not the presence) of thio-beta-D-digalactoside. The pH dependence of binding was similar to that reported for the binding of thio-beta-D-digalactoside to the permease. Phosphoenolpyruvate prevented the binding of enzyme IIIglc to the lactose permease in the presence (but not the absence) of the other phosphate transfer components of the phosphotransferase system. These results support the hypothesis that enzyme IIIglc, in its dephosphorylated form, modulates the activity of the lactose permease by a direct protein-protein interaction. PMID- 7041120 TI - Hydrolysis of human platelet membrane glycoproteins with a Serratia marcescens metalloprotease: effect on response to thrombin and von Willebrand factor. AB - Metalloproteases from at least two Gram-negative organisms selectively hydrolyze the surface of human fixed washed platelets. The protease-treated platelets lose their ability to aggregate with bovine von Willebrand factor and human von Willebrand factor plus ristocetin. The present study reports the membrane glycoprotein alterations and loss of platelet function that occur after incubation of fresh washed human platelets with a purified protease produced by Serratia marcescens. The studies were undertaken in order to examine, using the Serratia protease as an enzymatic probe, the relationship between externally oriented glycoproteins and two known aggregating agents, bovine von Willebrand factor and thrombin. Platelet membrane glycoproteins were analyzed after discontinuous NaDodSO(4)/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using both staining with periodic acid-Schiff reagent and autoradiography of (3)H-labeled platelets. Both methods of detection demonstrated that at Serratia protease concentrations above 0.6 mug/ml there was hydrolysis within 3 min of a membrane glycoprotein (M(r) 185,000) corresponding to GPIb in control platelets. The loss of GPIb was accompanied by the appearance in the platelet supernatant of a glycopeptide (M(r) 156,000). Under reducing conditions, the hydrolyzed membrane glycopeptide in the supernatant had a consistently faster migration (M(r) 149,000). Platelets treated with Serratia protease at concentrations sufficient to give maximal cleavage of GPIb were unresponsive to bovine von Willebrand factor and did not aggregate or release [(14)C]serotonin at doses of von Willebrand factor up to 0.33 unit/ml. On the other hand, the response to bovine alpha-thrombin was only minimally impaired by treatment with Serratia protease. These results implicate GPIb in the response by platelets to bovine von Willebrand factor but suggest that surface components other than GPIb play a major role in the response by platelets to thrombin. PMID- 7041122 TI - The two yeast histone H2A genes encode similar protein subtypes. AB - The sequences of the two histones H2A genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been determined. These genes encode two histone H2A subtypes which are 131 amino acids in length but differ at 2 amino acid positions: an Ala leads to Thr and a Thr leads to Ala change at positions 124 and 125. Thus, the two histone H2A subtypes have identical amino acid compositions. The coding regions of the two H2A genes are homologous at 369 of 393 bases (94%), with all but 2 of the 24 changes being silent. There is only 30% homology in the 5' flanking sequences of the two H2A genes. Like other eukaryotic histone genes, the yeast H2A genes are not interrupted by intervening sequences. When the yeast H2A histones are compared to those from other eukaryotes, there is at least 80% homology in amino acid sequence. PMID- 7041123 TI - Immunofluorescence visualization of germ-line-specific cytoplasmic granules in embryos, larvae, and adults of Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - By using fluorescent antibody staining, we have followed cytoplasmic granules unique to germ-line cells throughout the life cycle of Caenorhabditis elegans. These elements, designated P granules, are segregated exclusively to germ-line precursor cells during early embryogenesis. Prior to mitosis at each of the early cleavages that produce a somatic and germ-line daughter cell, the granules become localized in the region of cytoplasm destined for the germ-line daughter. After the 16-cell stage, the granules appear to be associated with the nuclear envelope. P granules persist in the germ cells throughout the larval and adult stages. The P granules are similar in number, size, and distribution to germ-line specific structures identified as "germinal plasm" by electron microscopy in C. elegans embryos. PMID- 7041124 TI - Properties of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mtDNA segment conferring high-frequency yeast transformation. AB - The bakers' yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a facultative anaerobe, tolerant to mutations in its mitochondrial genome. Individual cytoplasmic petite mutants retain genetic information derived from any portion of the parenteral mtDNA, prompting questions concerning distribution of the DNA replication origin(s) on the yeast mitochondrial genome. The experiments described in this paper were designated to test the possibility of using high-frequency yeast transformation as a selection for yeast mtDNA sequences conferring autonomously replicating function. A complete petite mitochondrial genome was inserted into the yeast vector YIp5, and the hybrid plasmid (YRMp1) was used to transform yeast. YRMp1 promoted high-frequency transformation of both wild-type yeast cells and petite mutant hosts lacking mtDNA and was maintained in each of these strains as a high copy-number extrachromosomal element. The stability and copy-number properties of YRMp1 are similar to those of YRp12, a recombinant plasmid containing a yeast chromosomal autonomously replicating sequence. PMID- 7041125 TI - Gap misrepair mutagenesis: efficient site-directed induction of transition, transversion, and frameshift mutations in vitro. AB - Short single-stranded gaps can be constructed by limited exonuclease action at single-stranded breaks (nicks) placed at predetermined sites on closed circular DNA molecules. As efficient primer-templates for DNA polymerase, single-stranded gaps can be repaired in vitro to regenerate an intact DNA duplex. In this report two in vitro reaction schemes are described that produce a high frequency of errors during repair ("misrepair") of gaps and thereby allow the efficient recovery of mutations limited to the nucleotide sequence at or near the original gap. In the first of these misrepair schemes, nucleotide misincorporations are stimulated by omission of one of the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates; the misincorporations are trapped by the presence of excess DNA ligase in the reaction mixture. The second misrepair scheme involves the misincorporation of an excision-resistant alpha-thiophosphate nucleotide, followed by gap filling in the presence of all four conventional deoxynucleoside triphosphates. When applied to short gaps constructed at one of several unique restriction sites on the small plasmid pBR322, both gap misrepair methods yielded mutations within the targeted restriction site at high frequency (6--42%). A majority of the sequence changes identified were base substitutions; transversions and transitions are approximately equally represented. The remaining sequence changes were an insertion of a single base pair and deletions of one to four base pairs. PMID- 7041126 TI - Hepatitis B virus core antigen: synthesis in Escherichia coli and application in diagnosis. AB - Fragments of hepatitis B virus DNA cloned in plasmid pBR322 carrying the gene for the viral core antigen have been placed under the control of the lac promoter of Escherichia coli. Several of the new recombinants direct higher levels of synthesis of the antigen, but the degree of enhancement varies with the different structures of the plasmids and hence the mRNAs produced. The antigen in crude bacterial lysates is a satisfactory diagnostic reagent for antibodies to the core antigen in serum samples. PMID- 7041127 TI - Altered responsiveness of murine lymphoid cells treated with cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide. PMID- 7041128 TI - Renal nerves modulate renin secretion during autoregulation. PMID- 7041129 TI - Temporal pattern of incorporation of 3H precursors into pituitary glycoproteins and their subsequent release. PMID- 7041130 TI - Grass allergens, with particular reference to cereals. PMID- 7041131 TI - The classical complement pathway: mechanism of activation of the first component by antigen-antibody complexes. PMID- 7041132 TI - The human alternative complement pathway: biology and immunopathology of activation and regulation. PMID- 7041133 TI - Antibacterial substances in prostatic fluid. AB - We have identified the "prostatic antibacterial factor," responsible for the antibacterial activity of normal prostatic fluid as free zinc. It appears as if the bactericidal activity of the EPS is related to the amount of zinc present in the fluid and may play a role in the natural resistance of the male urinary tract to infection. In addition, the determination of the zinc content of the expressed prostatic secretion may be a useful test in diagnosing patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis or those who are likely to be susceptible to prostatitis. The factors responsible for the marked decrease of zinc in the prostatic fluid of patients with bacterial prostatitis and methods of altering the zinc level in the fluid as a possible means of eradicating chronic bacterial prostatitis or increasing the resistance of the patient to the disease are important questions requiring further study. PMID- 7041134 TI - Immunocytochemistry of prostatic binding protein in the rat ventral prostate. PMID- 7041135 TI - Human malignancy-associated nucleolar antigen (HuMANA) and zinc in human prostatic tissues. PMID- 7041136 TI - Serotonergic inhibitory control of experimental aggression. PMID- 7041137 TI - Stimulation of drinking behaviour and of renin release induced by intracerebroventricular injections of D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin to rats. PMID- 7041138 TI - Biologically active indole derivatives. PMID- 7041139 TI - Degradation of beta-casomorphin-5 by proline-specific-endopeptidase (PSE) and post-proline- cleaving-enzyme (PPCE). Comparative studies of the beta-casomorphin 5 cleavage by dipeptidyl-peptidase IV. PMID- 7041140 TI - Mechanisms and quantitative assessment of drug effects on cardiac output with a new model of the circulation. PMID- 7041141 TI - Recent trends in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7041142 TI - Antibodies as specific antagonists of toxins, drugs, and hormones. PMID- 7041143 TI - Plasma proteins and inflammatory disease. PMID- 7041144 TI - Allergic reactions in man. AB - The general features of allergic drug reactions in man have recently been reviewed by Parker (85). By definition allergic drug reactions are produced by specific immunologic processes. Allergic drug reactions must be distinguished from adverse reactions due to overdosage, normal pharmacologic action, toxic metabolite formation, idiosyncrasy, nonspecific release of pharmacologic effector molecules, or drug interactions. The clinical manifestations of drug allergy are quite protean. In addition to classical manifestations of allergy such as serum sickness, anaphylaxis, contact dermatitis or urticaria, drug allergy may produce hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, hepatitis, nephritis, pneumonitis, vasculitis, or neuritis where a single organ or cell type is affected. While many drugs produce reactions with suggestive of allergy, definitive experimental evidence either for or against mechanism is usually not available. Some of these reactions may involve allergic mediators released or produced nonimmunologically through pharmacologic, osmotic, or toxic effects on cells involved in immune inflammation (mast cells, basophils, phagocytes, and lymphocytes) or through nonspecific activation of effector molecules in extracellular fluid such as the complement proteins. Drugs may also induce the formation of autoantibodies through mechanisms that are largely obscure, but may in some instances involve the direct participation of the drug as a hapten and in other instances occur indirectly through a pharmacologic or toxic action on the cells responsible for immune homeostasis. PMID- 7041145 TI - A randomised trial of bandaging after sclerotherapy for varicose veins. AB - 169 legs with primary varicose veins suitable for sclerotherapy were entered into the trial. At the time of injection they were randomly allocated to be bandaged for three or six weeks; patients allocated to the six-week group had their legs rebandaged after the first three week. Patients were subsequently assessed blind at three months and thereafter at yearly intervals. PMID- 7041146 TI - Ultra-low dose intravenous heparin in the prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. PMID- 7041147 TI - Action spectra for the photolysis of 5-iododeoxyuridine in DNA and related model systems: evidence for short-range energy transfer. PMID- 7041148 TI - Electrophysiology of the sinoatrial node. PMID- 7041149 TI - Late side effects related to inflatable breast prostheses containing soluble steroids. AB - Long-term follow-up of 12 patients who have undergone augmentation mammaplasty with breast prostheses containing 62.5 mg of methylprednisolone hemisuccinate is presented. Significant complications, including prosthesis ptosis, atrophy and thinning of overlying breast tissue, impending extrusion, and capsular contracture are discussed. Excellent results can be followed by significant complications many years later. Many of these changes are reversible when steroid containing prostheses are exchanged for new nonsteroid prostheses. Long-term follow-up of patients who have undergone augmentation mammaplasty with prostheses containing steroids is recommended. PMID- 7041150 TI - Evaluation of early excision of dorsal burns of the hand. AB - To determine the best method for treating deep second- and third-degree burned hands in our institution, a prospective study comparing early excision and grafting with nonsurgical treatment was undertaken. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups, and the hands in the first group were excised and grafted within 5 days after the burn. In the second group, burns were treated with topical chemotherapy and hydrotherapy, and the eschar was allowed to separate spontaneously and heal. Some required skin grafting, forming a subgroup. All hands in the study received the same vigorous physical therapy twice daily, and splints were applied according to the patient's individual needs to maintain an anti-deformity position. Grip strength, power pinch, and accurate range-of-motion measurements of each finger joint were measured upon discharge and 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after the burn. A mean total degrees of motion (including flexion and extension) in each joint and strength values were determined for comparison among the three groups. At discharge, the spontaneously healed hands had the best range of motion and function. Although the rate of improved function was greatest in the interval from discharge to 6 months in all groups, by 1 year there was no statistical difference in function regardless of the initial treatment. Thus in deep second- and third-degree burns of the dorsum of the hand, care may be individualized according to other systemic factors without fear of sacrificing ultimate function. PMID- 7041151 TI - Dog-ear repair. PMID- 7041152 TI - Reconstruction of traumatic short nose with iliac bone graft and nasolabial flaps. AB - Nasolabial flaps are beneficial in reconstruction of partial defects in the nose. Two nasolabial flaps and an iliac bone graft were used in one-stage reconstruction of a traumatized short nose. One flap filled the lining defect, while the other covered the skin defect. The two flaps were simultaneously transposed as subcutaneous pedicle flap, and this enabled easy mobilization of the flaps. An L-shaped iliac bone graft placed between the two flaps could maintain an unobstructed airway and the shape of the nose. PMID- 7041153 TI - Control of blood sugar level in elderly diabetic patients. PMID- 7041154 TI - Brain substrates for reinforcement and drug self-administration. PMID- 7041155 TI - The nature of alcohol problems: old concepts and new. PMID- 7041156 TI - Localization of N-acetylserotonin (NAS) in the rat hindbrain by immunohistology. PMID- 7041157 TI - Autogenous tooth root transplant: a case report. PMID- 7041158 TI - SPR award, 1981. For distinguished contribution to psychophysiology: Frances Keesler Graham. PMID- 7041159 TI - The conduct of clinical trials in the impaired elderly. PMID- 7041160 TI - Structural correlates of the aging process in the brain. PMID- 7041161 TI - Diabetic patients and the impact of renal transplantation. PMID- 7041162 TI - Loxapine: fifteen years' clinical experience. PMID- 7041163 TI - The Oxford Board of Health 1831-1833. PMID- 7041164 TI - Split root: a common cause of undiagnosed or misdiagnosed pain. PMID- 7041165 TI - Abused and misused--the alginate impression technique: a timely reminder. PMID- 7041166 TI - Establishing some critical soft tissue boundaries for partial denture connectors. PMID- 7041167 TI - Changes in public health in London in the past fifty years. PMID- 7041168 TI - John B. Cahoon Memorial Lecture, American Society of Radiologic Technologists. PMID- 7041169 TI - Distal femoral cortical defects, irregularities, and excavations. AB - A review of available radiographic and pathologic material revealed evidence that two distinct anatomical variations may be found on the posteromedial aspect of the distal femur. One, the femoral cortical irregularity, is a common finding on clinical radiographs, shows a definite predilection for children and adolescents, and is closely located to the site of attachment of tendinous fibers of the adductor magnus muscle. It is almost certainly related to stress, and can be associated with a degree of periosteal proliferation that simulates malignancy. In a study of prehistoric adult femoral specimens, the second lesion, the femoral cortical excavation, was a frequent finding. However, it appears to be less common in clinical radiology. It occurs at the osseous site of attachment of the medial head of the gastrocnemius, which supports a stress-related pathogenesis. Its relationship to fibrous cortical defects is not clear. PMID- 7041170 TI - Computer-assisted instruction in radiology. PMID- 7041171 TI - I.V. catheter accidents: R.N. liability. PMID- 7041172 TI - Autologous marrow transplantation in cancer therapy. PMID- 7041173 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of human leukemias and lymphomas utilizing monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 7041174 TI - Aplastic anemia: research themes and clinical issues. PMID- 7041175 TI - Advances and controversies in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of venous thromboembolism. PMID- 7041176 TI - [Circadian rhythm of liver glycogen metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041177 TI - [Circadian rhythm of polyamine synthesis in rat liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041178 TI - [Anticipatory responses in behaviours and metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041179 TI - [Circadian rhythms in metabolism and susceptibility of drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041180 TI - [Chronobiology in immunology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041181 TI - [Entraining mechanism of the circadian adrenocortical rhythm in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041182 TI - [The control mechanism of sleep-wakefulness rhythms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041183 TI - [The central mechanisms of sex steroidal modification of sleep circadian rhythm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041184 TI - [Encephalic photosensitivity rhythm and avian reproduction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041185 TI - [Reproductive cycle and endocrine function in Japanese monkey (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041186 TI - [Regulatory mechanism of body temperature rhythm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041187 TI - [Ultradian rhythms and circadian rhythms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041188 TI - [Pineal gland as a circadian oscillator in birds (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041189 TI - [Circadian clock of feeding behavior--studies on its physiological roles and biochemical mechanism-- (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041190 TI - [Electrophysiological study of the relationship between suprachiasmatic nucleus and feeding center of the hypothalamus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041191 TI - [The circadian clock controlling the timing of gut purge and hormone release in the saturniid Samia cynthia ricini (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041192 TI - [Biological clock in lower eukaryotic plants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041193 TI - Hypoventilation and elevation of end-expiratory pressure release a substance which relaxes isolated arteries and disaggregates platelets in the presence of cyclooxygenase inhibitors. AB - A prostacyclin-like substance was detected by bioassay in the blood of dogs and cats during hypoventilation and increased end-expiratory pressure. This biologically active material, most likely originating from lungs, relaxed isolated vascular strips and disaggregated platelets. Its release was not prevented by indomethacin or aspirin. Biological activity was not abolished by 10 min incubation of blood at 38 degrees C. Although the identity of the substance has not been established the release of a biologically active prostacyclin-like material might play a role in circulatory adaptation to disturbed ventilatory function. PMID- 7041194 TI - An NADP-linked prostacyclin dehydrogenase in rabbit kidney. AB - An NADP-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase specific for prostacyclin was purified 1,300-fold from rabbit kidney. Prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha, and 6 keto PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 were oxidized by the purified enzyme with rates of reaction less than 4% that of PGI2. Unlike other rabbit kidney NADP linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenases, this enzyme catalyzes oxido reduction more rapidly at the 15- position than at the 9- position and does not utilize NAD as a cofactor. It has a molecular weight of 62,000 and migrates on polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis as a single diffuse band. The reaction product was identified by thin-layer chromatography as 6,15-diketo PGF1 alpha. Prostacyclin dehydrogenase is the first 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase described which is specific for the metabolism of prostacyclin. PMID- 7041195 TI - Lack of effect of ischemia and dipyridamole on prostacyclin production in arteriosclerosis obliterans. AB - Six patients with advanced arteriosclerosis obliterans in the lower extremities were subjected to an exercise test on a tread mill with and without dipyridamole treatment. Prostacyclin (PGI2) release was measured by the concentration of its stable metabolite, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in plasma. All the patients suffered from ischemic pain during both tests, but no changes were seen in plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Dipyridamole did not affect the physical performance. Our results suggest that atherosclerotic vessels do not increase PGI2 production in response to ischemia and that a single dose of dipyridamole does not change PGI2 production. PMID- 7041196 TI - [Etiological factors in bacillary dysentery in Poland 1965-1979]. PMID- 7041198 TI - A solderless technique for ball-and-socket attachments. PMID- 7041197 TI - [Our own method of transporting material for microbiological examination]. PMID- 7041199 TI - The effect of plasmid gene expression on the colonizing ability of E. coli HS in mice. PMID- 7041200 TI - A simple and sensitive method for assessing survival in environmental samples of species used in recombinant DNA research. PMID- 7041201 TI - [Use of the stable isotopes in life science (I). Measurement of natural abundance of the stable isotopes by the mass spectrometer and its application in life science. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041202 TI - [Mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis. Clinical and developmental aspects of 80 cases]. PMID- 7041203 TI - [Address by Professor Carlos da Silva Lacaz at the School of Nursing of the University of Sao Paulo on the occasion of the funeral of Professor Wanda de Aguiar Horta, on the 16th day of June of 1981]. PMID- 7041204 TI - [Epidemiology of Brucellosis. Trial evaluation of the incidence of clinical and infraclinical forms (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence of clinical and infraclinical human brucellosis was estimated by survey undertaken in 1976 on a representative sample of the population of the Vaucluse (France) district. It is shown that, by combining research of late hypersensitivity and serologic tracking in 2084 individuals, the incidence of diagnosed clinical brucellosis, in the Vaucluse district is at least 3 to 5 times more important than the incidence evaluated by the official notifications, and that there are 10 times more infraclinical or non diagnosed brucellosis than diagnosed brucellosis. The results show the need of triple investigation by interview, serology and hypersensitivity test (complementarity of the three technics) so as to evaluate the true morbidity of this anthropozoonosis. PMID- 7041205 TI - [Results of activity of Legionellosis National Center in 1980 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041207 TI - Centrifugal field effects on the sedimentation coefficient of the Escherichia coli nucleoid after heat treatment. AB - The effects of the centrifugal field on the sedimentation coefficient of the heated (50 degrees C, 30 min) Escherichia coli nucleoid were investigated. Form 3,000 r.p.m. the sedimentation coefficients of the heated nucleoids were highly dependent on rotor speed. At 3,000 r.p.m. thier sedimentation coefficient was about 4,000 S while at 7,000 r.p.m. if was about 1,500-1,700 S. At 7,000 r.p.m. and over, nucleoid aggregations occurred and it was difficult to differentiate speed dependence from nucleoid aggregation. Factors likely to cause speed dependence and/or nucleoid aggregation are indicated. The practical importance of these findings is pointed out. PMID- 7041206 TI - Effect of ether, sodium pentobarbital and chloral hydrate anesthesia on rat plasma metabolite concentrations. AB - The effect of ethyl ether, pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal) and chloral hydrate anesthesia on the concentrations of glucose, lactate, glycerol, insulin, individual amino acids and urea have been studied in rat plasma, as well as the glycogen content in the animal liver and striated muscle. Control animals were injected with saline solution. Two samples were taken from each animal at 15 and 30 minutes from the beginning of anesthesia. These samples were obtained from the cut tail's tip and from the neck wound produced by beheading the animal. Results show considerable differences between the three sets of animals and their controls as well as in their tail verus neck values. The overall effect of the three anesthetics used were roughly the same in spite of their different actions upon the different parameters studied. This was most marked in the aminograms. Significant changes induced were rather similar in number for all. The metabolite concentration profile in each situation may be used as a reference for possible artifacts induced by any experimental approach using these anesthetics. PMID- 7041208 TI - [Nosological problems and histological aspects of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7041209 TI - [Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with immunosuppressive agents. Review of literature and personal cases. Results in 45 patients treated with cyclophosphamide for 6 years]. PMID- 7041210 TI - [Oropharyngeal colonization with gram-negative bacilli; data and considerations on hospitalized patients]. PMID- 7041211 TI - Circadian rhythms of plasma renin levels in the anesthetized rat. AB - Circadian rhythms of plasma renin activity (PRA) is described in the ether anesthetized rat. PRA values are significantly higher than corresponding values previously reported in the awake rat. Peak activity was observed at 12.00 and 16.00 h, similar to the pattern of diurnal rhythm established in the conscious rat. The reproducibility of PRA in the anesthetized rat is demonstrated by relatively constant values obtained from a separate group of rats bled at the same hour every other week. In addition, each sample was also incubated with excess renin substrate for the determination of relative plasma renin concentration (PRC). The pattern obtained for PRC is similar to that of PRA, indicating that the circadian rhythms result from variations of plasma renin rather than changes in renin substrate. Furthermore, although ether anesthesia raises the basal levels of PRA, it does not interfere with the demonstration of the normal pattern of circadian rhythms. PMID- 7041212 TI - Influence of prostaglandins A1, E1, E2, and F2 alpha on renal blood flow and plasma renin activity. Investigations in chronically instrumented conscious dogs. AB - The effects of different prostaglandins (PG) on serial determination of renal blood flow (RBF), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), renal vascular resistance (RVR) and renin release were investigated in the conscious, chronically instrumented dog. 2 months after right-sided nephrectomy, female beagle dogs (n = 6) were implanted with an electromagnetic flow probe and an inflatable pneumatic cuff around the left renal artery, and a catheter was inserted into the aorta above the renal artery. In repeated experiments, different prostaglandins (PGA1, E1, E2 and F2 alpha) were infused above the renal artery at increasing doses (infusion time 15 min, doses 0.03--1.0 micrograms min-1 kg-1). Lower and medium doses induced an increase of RBF, which returned to or were slightly below control levels with higher doses. PGA1 appeared to be the most potent vasodilator with a significant hypotensive activity and the greatest augmentation of RBF. Simultaneously, renin release was most pronounced by PGA1. PMID- 7041213 TI - [Transitory cerebral ischemic attacks]. PMID- 7041214 TI - [Science and faith. Address of John Paul II to the professors and university students in the Cologne Cathedral (Germany), 15 November 1980]. PMID- 7041215 TI - [Biological concepts in the psychiatry of yesteryear]. PMID- 7041216 TI - The hospital in Jewish History. PMID- 7041217 TI - Contaminated breast milk: A source of Klebsiella bacteremia in a newborn intensive care unit. AB - Five patients in a newborn intensive care unit (NICU) developed primary bacteremia due to Klebsiella during a 12-day period, May 2 through June 2, 1979, after feeding for 24-96 hr with contaminated breast milk. All patients had been fed via nasoduodenal tube with milk obtained from a single donor. The donor milk collected via electric suction pump was positive by gram stain for gram-negative rods and by culture for Klebsiella pneumoniae. A culture of hand-expressed milk was negative for gram-negative rods. The breast-pump tubing and safety trap were grossly contaminated with K. pneumoniae. Institution of proper sterilization to the pump equipment controlled the outbreak. This outbreak is the first documentation of nosocomial bacteremia as a major infectious complication of feedings of premature infants with contaminated breast milk. PMID- 7041218 TI - Classics in infectious diseases. Childbed fever by Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis. PMID- 7041219 TI - Classics in infectious diseases: the relationship of "atypical" acid-fast bacteria to human disease: a preliminary report by Alice Timpe and Ernest H. Runyon. PMID- 7041220 TI - A review of the methods of identification and differentiation of mycobacteria. AB - Tests reported to be useful for the differentiation of species or groups of mycobacteria are reviewed. Some systems of identification of these organisms are composed of relatively small or large numbers of tests. These systems remain at present "national" identification systems; no "international" system agreed on by scientists worldwide exists. Such an international system is desirable. PMID- 7041221 TI - Bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus in patients with cancer: report on 45 cases in adults and review of the literature. AB - The frequency, predisposing factors, therapy, and outcome of 45 episodes of bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus were reviewed in adult cancer patients. A poor performance status (i.e., patients largely bedridden), progressive neoplastic disease, and compromise of the mucocutaneous defense barriers characterized the patients with S. aureus sepsis. Seventeen patients died soon after the onset of infection: seven (16%) as direct result of staphylococcal sepsis, seven of factors unrelated to infection, and three of secondary sepsis due to gram-negative bacilli. The data presented here and reported by others indicated that (1) the incidence of staphylococcal sepsis in cancer patients has recently increased from a low point of 5% to a level as high as 30%; (2) breaches in the epithelium are the most important factors determining risk; (3) there are three effective approaches to therapy depending upon the clinical setting; and (4) the outcome appears to be determined by the status of the neoplastic disease and by early institution of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. PMID- 7041222 TI - Studies on a virus from a patient with Fort Bragg fever (pretibial fever) by Hugh Tatlock (The Journal of Clinical Investigation 26:287-297, 1947). PMID- 7041223 TI - Clarification of the cause of Fort Bragg fever (pretibial fever) - January 1982. PMID- 7041224 TI - [Detection of the HBs antigen. Analysis of an interlaboratory of different methods of detection used in the blood banks of the central region]. AB - A one year study has been performed between six blood Banks of the Centre of France in order to evaluate, among a population of donors found to be positive for HBs Ag by a radioimmunoassay, the number of those who were not detected by Enzyme immunoassay or passive hemagglutination. This study provides a good basis for comparing the sensitivities of the different methods used for Hbs Ag testing. PMID- 7041225 TI - [New immunoenzyme test for the study of HBsAg]. PMID- 7041226 TI - [History of Catalan nursing]. PMID- 7041227 TI - [Influence of religious communities in nursing in Catalonia]. PMID- 7041228 TI - [Pharmacology and therapeutics: oral antidiabetic agents - usage and current trends]. PMID- 7041229 TI - [Study of the microbial flora of various patient areas subjected to different preparations]. PMID- 7041230 TI - [Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and pregnancy]. PMID- 7041231 TI - [Risk from irradiation and contrast media for neuroradiologic examinations during pregnancy]. PMID- 7041232 TI - A 'garden variety' bug turns lethal. PMID- 7041233 TI - Thirty years of research (II). PMID- 7041234 TI - [Immunofluorescent detection of anti-RANA antigen (rheumatoid arthritis nuclear antigen) in 89 subjects, 35 of whom had rheumatoid polyarthritis]. PMID- 7041235 TI - [Pathology of the synovial folds of the knee. Value of arthroscopy]. PMID- 7041236 TI - The dyslipemic syndrome in acromegaly. AB - The clinico-hormonal course of acromegaly and the presence of the hyperlipemic syndrome were studied in relation to age, sex, associated hypothyroidism, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular and atherosclerotic complications in 43 acromegalic patients (18 males and 25 females) of which 6 had received no treatment and 37 had been submitted 2 - 13 years to conventional roentgentherapy (31 cases), 90Y (5 cases) and hypophysectomy (1 case). Hyperlipemia (HLP), present in 24 acromegalic patients (55.8% of the cases) unrelated to age, was more frequent in women (64% as against 44% in males) and correlated with the clinico-hormonal evolution (GH greater than 20 mg) (60% of the cases), and associated hypothyroidism (79%), obesity (42%) and diabetes (25%). Of the hyperlipemic acromegalic patients, 62% had cardiovascular and atherosclerotic complications. The results of the study point to the need for a hypoglucidic, hypolipidic and associated treatment for hypothyroidism, diabetes and obesity in the prophylaxis of acromegalic atherosclerosis. PMID- 7041237 TI - [Some methods of the middle-ages therapy by Master Rhazes and Master Salicetti. III. Selection of anatomical terms used in the middle-ages medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041238 TI - Mechanism of renin release during renal nerve stimulation in dogs. AB - During renal nerve stimulation, a predominant vasoconstrictory effect on small arteries would lower blood pressure in the afferent arterioles and induce arteriolar dilation and renin release by the autoregulation mechanism. This hypothesis was examined in anaesthetized dogs by stimulating renal nerves at 4 Hz which permitted continuous reduction of renal blood flow (RBF) by 30-40%; renin release increased almost equally at control and low blood pressure, and in the non-filtering kidney during ureteral occlusion. Examinations of the relationship between RBF and arterial perfusion pressure during mechanical constriction of the renal artery showed that the lowest autoregulating pressure was 25-35 mmHg higher during nerve stimulation than in control experiments, consistent with the hypothesis of arteriolar dilation. Phenoxybenzamine, an inhibitor of alpha adrenoceptors, abolished vasoconstriction and the effect of nerve stimulation on renin release at control blood pressure; renin release rose from 0.9 +/- 0.4 to 17 +/- 5 microgram/min before, and from 1.7 +/- 0.5 to 4.6 +/- 1.4 microgram/min after phenoxybenzamine infusion. At pressures below the range of autoregulation, phenoxybenzamine did not alter renin release response to nerve stimulation. Propranolol, a Beta-adrenergic inhibitor, attenuated the effect of nerve stimulation on renin release both at control and low blood pressure. We conclude that during renal nerve stimulation (1) renin release is caused by beta adrenergic stimulation provided the afferent arterioles are dilated and (2) that alpha-adrenergic stimulation dilated the afferent arterioles as a consequence of a predominant vasoconstrictory effect on small arteries. Hence, by inhibiting the beta-adrenergic effect by propranolol, renin release does not increase during renal nerve stimulation. Phenoxybenzamine prevents renin release at control blood pressure because afferent arterioles are not dilated during nerve stimulation. In contrast, phenoxybenzamine does not reduce renin release during nerve stimulation at low blood pressure because afferent arterioles are dilated by the autoregulating mechanism. PMID- 7041239 TI - An artificial betacell: assessment of the glucose analyser, infusion system and optimization of constants for the algorithms. AB - The glucose analyser and insulin infusion modules of the Biostator were tested. The infusion system was reliable since more than 99% of the computed volume of insulin solution was delivered by the infusion pump at infusion rates above 1/100 of maximum, and no insulin was adsorbed onto infusion bags or tubing. Blood glucose results from the Biostator were compared with routine laboratory methods during long-term feedback control. Both slope (0.73) and scatter (r=0.87) around the regression line were unsatisfactory when the recommended calibration procedure was used. Tests in fasting non-diabetic subjects showed a significant correlation between the variation in Biostator glucose read-out and the plasma protein concentration in the detector outflow. In diabetics the ratio between Biostator glucose read-out and laboratory glucose determinations declined significantly with time. These observations led to the introduction of a standardization procedure based on externally determined blood glucose concentrations. During long-term feedback experiments in diabetics this procedure resulted in a significant increase in slope (0.84) but no improvement in scatter around the regression line. Repeated OGTTs revealed a set of constants for the algorithms, which enabled normal glucose tolerance to be achieved with smaller amounts of insulin. PMID- 7041241 TI - Microbial analyses of dental plaque of monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) using fluorescent antibody techniques. AB - Selected microbial components in supragingival dental plaque from recently captured monkeys were determined. Using specific fluorescent antibody (FA) conjugates S. sanguis was found to constitute an average of 11.8% of all cells. The populations of Actinomyces accounted for 20.7% (range 5-31) with A. viscosus and A. naeslundii as predominant species. Few lactobacilli were encountered. S. mutans was not detected in any specimens when examined by culture and FA. PMID- 7041240 TI - Glucose tolerance, plasma insulin and C-peptide during chloroquine treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Since and adverse effect of chloroquine (Cq) on the specific functions of the pancreatic beta-cell has been recently documented in animals, it was of interest to study if a similar effect could be demonstrated during Cq treatment in homo. The effect of Cq on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion was studied in 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over a 3-month period. Fasting plasma levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide and glucosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were checked before starting treatment, after 3 months' Cq treatment and 3 months after withdrawal of treatment. At the same intervals oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed. No significant change in any of these parameters was found during treatment with Cq. In patients with a normal OGTT, Cq inhibition of insulin synthesis and/or secretion cannot be demonstrated, as measured by a decreased plasma insulin an C-peptide response to oral glucose load. PMID- 7041242 TI - Effect of Saliment on parotid salivary gland secretion and on xerostomia caused by Sjogren's syndrome. AB - The stimulatory effect of a recently introduced saliva substitute (Saliment) on the parotid salivary secretion was experimentally investigated in 10 healthy individuals without signs or symptoms of xerostomia and in 11 patients with xerostomia due to Sjogren's syndrome. Further, in 15 patients with Sjogren's syndrome, the effect of Saliment on the sensation of xerostomia was examined in a double-blind clinical study with cross-over. The use of Saliment was followed by a significant stimulation in the parotid salivary secretion (P less than 0.01) and the subjection sensation of xerostomia was significantly reduced (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7041243 TI - A scanning electron microscopic investigation of effects of prostacyclin on platelet retention in glass bead columns. AB - As whole blood passes through a column of glass beads, platelets are activated and all 3 basic platelet properties (adhesion, release reaction and aggregation) displayed, an aspect similar to platelets being involved in a hemostatic process. For this reason, we chose the platelet retention test as the tool to study the effect of synthetic prostacyclin (PGI2) on platelet function and behavior. PGI2 inhibited platelet retention with its major impact on platelet aggregation. The extent of inhibition was not proportional to the concentration of PGI2. It appears that 2 levels of platelet aggregation take place inside the column. One, triggered by a weak stimulus, is readily inhibitable by low concentrations of PGI2. The other, brought about by a strong stimulus, requires higher concentrations of PGI2 to achieve complete inhibition. Even with as much as 100 ng PGI2/ml blood, a 15% retention remained which probably represented platelet adhesion to glass beads. Scanning electron microscopic examination of glass beads showed massive platelet aggregation and adhesion in control blood samples. No platelet aggregate was observed on beads filtered with blood containing 20 ng/ml or more PGI2. Individual platelets were found on glass beads filtered with samples containing any concentrations of PGI2; these platelets exhibited extensive morphologic changes. PMID- 7041244 TI - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for anti-histone antibodies in human sera: comparison with an immunofluorescence assay. AB - A solid-phase assay for anti-histone antibodies is described, in which antibodies bound to calf thymus total histones, specific histone classes, or chromatin were detected by radioactive anti-human IgG, IgA or IgM. The reactivity of human sera from various rheumatic diseases was analyses by this assay and compared with results obtained from an indirect immunofluorescence assay (FANA) previously described. Sera that were positive in the FANA assay were usually positive in the solid-phase assay when total histones were the solid-phase antigen. However, many sera had IgM antibodies to total histones in the solid-phase assay but gave no detectable reaction in the FANA assay. Results from the solid-phase assay, using individual histones and chromatin, showed that the anti-histone antibodies in these sera were predominantly reactive with histones H3-H4 and did not bind well to histones complexed to DNA in the form of chromatin. PMID- 7041245 TI - Role of Zn2+ and other divalent metal ions in human lymphokine production in vitro. AB - The effects of phenanthroline and of various metal ions on human leucocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF) production were studied. Previously reported preliminary data showed that phenanthroline, a divalent metal ion chelator, reduced the elaboration o LIF in a dose-dependent manner by specifically but not by non-specifically stimulated lymphocytes. This paper shows that suppression of LIF production caused by phenanthroline could be entirely reversed by Zn2+, Ni2+ and, most effectively, by Co2+. When a battery of divalent cations were tested for direct inhibitory effects on LIF production, Cd2+ and, to a lesser extent, Cu2+ were found to be effective. Again, only specifically stimulated cells were susceptible. This profile of responses resembles greatly that seen in experiments with carboxypeptidases, indicating that a carboxypeptidase-like, probably Zn2+ dependent enzyme is active during antigen-induced lymphokine production. This metalloenzyme may be derived from activated monocytes/macrophages and, like the lymphocyte-activating factor, exerts its activity in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. PMID- 7041246 TI - Mechanisms of altered in vitro antibody response in the rat by a small synthetic polymer. AB - NED 137, a low molecular weight synthetic polymer, enhances the rat humoral immune response to cellular antigens in vivo. The effect of NED 137 on the in vitro antibody response to sheep erythrocytes was studied in normal and macrophage-depleted rat spleen cultures. The polymer stimulated the IgM antibody response of normal splenocytes, and its immunopotentiating activity was increased in macrophage-depleted spleen cell preparations. NED 137 enhanced both the primary and the secondary plaque-forming cell (PFC) response of rat splenocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This stimulatory effect of the polymer was dependent on the presence of antigen and demonstrated antigen specificity. The PFC and mitogenic responses of both normal and macrophage-depleted rat splenocytes were dramatically inhibited in cultures prepared from animals pretreated with NED 137 before culture initiation. The antigen dependency, specificity and potentiation of a secondary response suggest that NED 137 acts through the triggering of the lymphoid system but not as a "conventional" B-cell polyclonal activator. PMID- 7041247 TI - Haemophilus influenzae, Pneumococci, group A streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus: sensitivity of outpatient strains to commonly prescribed antibiotics. AB - The degree of resistance of Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, group A streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus to phenoxymethylpenicillin, ampicillin, doxycycline, erythromycin and chloramphenicol was investigated with the MIC method (plate-dilution technique). Each bacterial group consisted of 100 outpatient strains. Seven strains of H. influenzae were beta-lactamase-producing. Of the 100 haemophilus strains, 58% were sensitive and the rest intermediate sensitive to erythromycin. 99% were sensitive to doxycycline and all strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol. Essentially all pneumococcal strains were sensitive to the antibiotics tested. However, a few strains demonstrated diminished sensitivity to penicillins. All group A streptococci were sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin and chloramphenicol, and 98% were sensitive to erythromycin. Approximately 1 strain out of 5 was resistant to doxycycline. 75% of S. aureus were beta-lactamase producers. Four of the S., aureus strains were resistant to erythromycin and 8 to doxycycline. The results presented indicate a better antibiotic situation than in some other countries, but suggest the need for a more extensive antibiotic sensitivity examination of isolated bacteria. PMID- 7041248 TI - Secondary bone grafting of alveolar clefts. A surgical/orthodontic treatment enabling a non-prosthodontic rehabilitation in cleft lip and palate patients. PMID- 7041249 TI - Blood flow and scanning electron microscope study on venous microvascular anastomoses with Nakayamas apparatus and manual suture. AB - Endothelium repair and blood flow changes after microvascular anastomoses in rabbit neck veins (diameter 1.5-2.5 mm) with either Nakayamas apparatus or manual suture were studied with scanning electron microscope and electromagnetical flowmeter. The healing process, which was very rapid, was examined at varying intervals from the day of surgery to four weeks postoperatively. Complete endothelialization was evident after one week. The blood flow was unimpaired by anastomosis with Nakayama rings, whereas in the suture group reduction in blood flow followed immediately after surgery. This reduction was however transient and blood flow was normalized two hours postoperatively. PMID- 7041250 TI - Relaxation sutures for the oesophageal end-to-end anastomosis. AB - Intrathoracic end-to-end anastomoses were made in 4 series of piglets with 10 animals in each. In one series (S) the anastomoses were made with interrupted 6/0 silk sutures. In another series (MR) interrupted 10/0 supramid sutures were used after standardized resection. In a third series (F) 6/0 silk sutures were utilized and the oesophageal ends fastened to fascia perivertebralis with traction sutures. In a fourth series (RF) the anastomoses were made with silk 6/0 suture material after standardized resection and including traction sutures. The results were evaluated with standardized X-ray examination with calculation of anastomotic index, histological examination and macrophotography. Statistical analysis of the anastomotic index showed a significant difference between the F and S series. The anastomoses in the F series had healed with less stricture formation. No significant differences were observed between the MR and S series, the RF and S series, and the MR and RF series. Our results encourage us to recommend traction sutures in contriving an intrathoracic end-to-end oesophageal anastomosis. PMID- 7041251 TI - Salvage of the severely ischaemic limb by intra-arterial prostacyclin (PGI2) infusion. A case report. AB - A 75-year-old male patient with impending gangrene of the left lower limb due to advanced arteriosclerosis was treated with intra-arterial infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2). Pain at rest disappeared completely soon after treatment was started. Blood flow to the extremity measured by a Doppler velocity meter increased significantly during PGI2 infusion. Although some reduction in flow was found after termination of the infusion, the flow values up to 6 weeks after treatment were still markedly higher than pretreatment levels. PMID- 7041252 TI - Tracheal reconstruction with free periosteal grafts. An experimental study on rabbits. PMID- 7041253 TI - [Current therapy and prevention of malaria and perspectives for the future]. AB - At present the basic antimalarial drugs are still the 4-aminoquinolines chloroquine and amodiaquine, the combinations of antifol compounds (such as pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine = Fansidar), and quinine. In South East Asia and parts of Latin America Plasmodium falciparum has become highly resistant to chloroquine, and increasingly so to the antifol combinations. By selecting the antimalarials bearing the lowest risk of resistance, or combinations of them, an attempt can be made to avoid failures of treatment and chemoprophylaxis. The other areas endemic for malaria tropica may still be generally considered "chloroquine sensitive", although sporadic low-grade resistance to chloroquine is reported. It would be a mistake to replace chloroquine systematically by antifol combinations in those parts of the world now as well. The questions when drug resistance is to be suspected, and how individual treatment can be adjusted to it, are likewise discussed. Mefloquine is the best known new compound, with excellent activity against multiresistant Plasmodium falciparum. A combination with Fansidar is now being developed to prevent the former from inducing resistant strains. Despite considerable experimental advances a malaria vaccine is unlikely to be generally available before the end of this decade. PMID- 7041254 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy. Case contributions on the state of therapy]. AB - Modern means for monitoring and treatment of pregnant diabetics are demonstrated in 6 cases. To quantify the degree of diabetic control regular control of blood glucose profiles and determination of glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1 or A1c) are required. Blood glucose measurements can be carried out by self monitoring or by drawing blood samples and bringing them to the laboratory for analysis. To avoid fetal malformations and to protect the mother, normoglycemia should be obtained. If this goal cannot be reached by conventional insulin therapy with several single injections a day, the authors use a portable infusion pump for continuous subcutaneous infusion. This treatment is of particular importance in high risk patients with retinopathy and nephropathy. For fetal monitoring cardiotocography was the main method. Since the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio of amniotic fluid is not always a reliable indicator of fetal lung maturity in diabetic pregnancies, the amniotic lecithin concentration is also measured. Estriol and HPL as indices of feto-placental function can be misleadingly high in plasma (or low in urine) in patients with impaired renal function. Optimal treatment of pregnant diabetics requires close collaboration with the obstetrician and the neonatal pediatrician. PMID- 7041255 TI - Rapid evolution of RNA genomes. AB - RNA viruses show high mutation frequencies partly because of a lack of the proofreading enzymes that assure fidelity of DNA replication. This high mutation frequency is coupled with high rates of replication reflected in rates of RNA genome evolution which can be more than a millionfold greater than the rates of the DNA chromosome evolution of their hosts. There are some disease implications for the DNA-based biosphere of this rapidly evolving RNA biosphere. PMID- 7041256 TI - Darwinism and the expansion of evolutionary theory. AB - The essence of Darwinism lies in the claim that natural selection is a creative force, and in the reductionist assertion that selection upon individual organisms is the locus of evolutionary change. Critiques of adaptationism and gradualism call into doubt the traditional consequences of the argument for creativity, while a concept of hierarchy, with selection acting upon such higher-level "individuals" as demes and species, challenges the reductionist claim. An expanded hierarchical theory would not be Darwinism, has strictly defined, but it would capture, in abstract form, the fundamental feature of Darwin's vision- direction of evolution by selection at each level. PMID- 7041257 TI - Expression of Treponema pallidum antigens in Escherichia coli. AB - Treponema pallidum DNA was cloned in a bacteriophage. Clones were screened for expression of Treponema pallidum antigens by an in situ radioimmunoassay on nitrocellulose, with the use of subsequent reactions with syphilitic serum and radioiodinated Staphylococcus aureus protein A. One clone, which gave a strong signal, codes for at least seven antigens that react specifically with human antibodies to Treponema pallidum. PMID- 7041258 TI - Autoantibodies to insulin receptor spontaneously develop as anti-idiotypes in mice immunized with insulin. AB - Mice immunized with insulin developed antibodies to both insulin and the insulin receptor. The antibodies to insulin receptor displaced labeled insulin from insulin receptors and mimicked the actions of insulin in stimulating the oxidation of glucose and its incorporation into lipids, and in inhibiting lipolysis. The antibodies to insulin receptor could be blocked by or bound to the antibodies to insulin, and therefore were identified as anti-idiotypes. Thus, immunization against a hormone may activate spontaneously an idiotype-anti idiotype network resulting in antibodies to the hormone receptor. PMID- 7041259 TI - Neonatal thymectomy prevents spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the BB/W rat. AB - Complete neonatal thymectomy reduced the frequency of spontaneous diabetes mellitus in BioBreeding/Worcester rats from 27 to 3 percent. Incomplete thymectomy also significantly reduced the frequency of diabetes (to 9 percent). These findings strengthen the hypothesis that thymus-dependent, cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of pancreatic B cells is responsible for the pathogenesis of diabetes in this experimental animal. PMID- 7041260 TI - The role of eosinophils in tropical disease. PMID- 7041261 TI - Tropical eosinophilia. PMID- 7041262 TI - Dengue: hematologic aspects. PMID- 7041263 TI - Schistosomiasis: clinical features and relevance to hematology. PMID- 7041264 TI - Malaria: management of a peripatetic problem. PMID- 7041265 TI - The hematology of malaria in man. PMID- 7041266 TI - Hematologic manifestations, diagnosis, and immunopathology of African trypanosomiasis. PMID- 7041267 TI - Leishmaniasis: hematologic aspects. PMID- 7041268 TI - The joint manifestations of the connective tissue diseases. PMID- 7041269 TI - [Brief history of the popularization of child rearing]. PMID- 7041270 TI - [Neuroses. Historical evolution of the concept from 1769 till today]. PMID- 7041271 TI - [Commitment of mentally ill]. PMID- 7041272 TI - [Birth of child psychiatry. From mental retardation to infantile psychoses]. PMID- 7041273 TI - [Biocracy. Historical sketch of the concept of prevention in medicine and in psychiatry in the West]. PMID- 7041274 TI - [Historical understanding of psychiatry]. PMID- 7041275 TI - [Brief history of institutional psychiatry]. PMID- 7041276 TI - [A prehistory of psychiatry? Rather different economics of mental diseases]. PMID- 7041277 TI - [Glance at the birth of psychiatry in Paris]. PMID- 7041278 TI - Comparison of oral penicillinase-resistant penicillins: contrasts between agents and assays. AB - We observed the comparative serum levels and mean peak serum antistaphylococcal activity in eight fasting adults who received 500 mg each of dicloxacillin, cloxacillin, oxacillin, and nafcillin. Dicloxacillin achieved higher and more prolonged serum levels and greater peak serum antistaphylococcal titers than the other drugs studied. The higher degree of protein binding of dicloxacillin was reflected in a greater disparity between the peak antistaphylococcal activity observed when dilutions were done in serum compared to broth. The lesser protein bound penicillins showed less disparity, but this effect was offset by the higher serum levels obtained by dicloxacillin. The higher protein binding of dicloxacillin did not prevent its having equal or superior antistaphylococcal activity in serum when the drugs were given in equal doses. PMID- 7041279 TI - Alkali burns of the eye: pathophysiology and treatment. PMID- 7041280 TI - Vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girls: the importance of group A Streptococcus. AB - We report four cases of group A streptococcal vulvovaginitis in prepubertal children. All cases were acute in onset. This illness presents with nonspecific signs and symptoms of labial inflammation. In a suburban community, streptococcal vulvovaginitis in prepubescent girls may be more common then genital infections due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Since media used for the selective isolation of N gonorrhoeae do not readily support the growth of streptococci, we suggest that the routine bacteriologic approach to the diagnosis of vulvovaginitis in young girls include inoculation of the culture swab on 5% sheep blood agar and the application of a bacitracin disk (taxo A disc) to detect any small beta hemolytic, presumptively group A streptococcal colonies after overnight incubation. Penicillin therapy results in prompt cure. PMID- 7041281 TI - Psychosurgery. AB - Psychosurgery emerged in the late 1930s as a powerful therapeutic tool with great promise for psychiatry. Because of initial favorable case reports and studies, some influential support, and the need to aid thousands of returning World War II veterans with mental disabilities, the prefrontal lobotomy was widely implemented. It soon fell into disrepute through unfavorable reports of personality changes and neurologic sequelae, equivocal large-scale reports, and the introduction of major ataractic drugs and other treatment modalities. Psychosurgery has persisted in the form of restricted cerebral lesions, most stereotactically placed for relatively few mental illnesses. Evidence suggests that contemporary procedures are associated with minimal side effects and greater efficacy, but more extensive, better controlled studies are necessary. PMID- 7041282 TI - Saturday Conference: stuporous alcoholics: metabolic considerations. AB - Alcoholics are predisposed to certain metabolic disorders that cause stupor and coma. These entities include acute ethanol intoxication, ethanol-induced hypoglycemia, alcoholic ketoacidosis, ethylene glycol and methanol intoxications, thiamine deficiency, and hepatic encephalopathy. The recognition and management of these entities and the evaluation of stuporous alcoholics are discussed. PMID- 7041283 TI - Prosper Meniere: beyond the controversial autopsy report. PMID- 7041284 TI - Shigella enterocolitis and acute renal failure. AB - Although acute renal failure secondary to infections is relatively common in adult patients, uremia requiring dialysis has not previously been reported in an adult patient with shigella enterocolitis. Our patient, infected with S flexneri, had severe renal failure without any evidence of sepsis, rhabdomyolysis, or the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Antibiotic therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole appeared to play a role in his eventual recovery. PMID- 7041285 TI - Arthritis in systemic nocardiosis. PMID- 7041286 TI - The assessment and selection of patients for heterotopic heart transplantation. AB - In the 2-year period 1979-1980, 34 patients were assessed at Groote Schuur Hospital as candidates for heterotopic heart transplantation. Ischaemic heart disease was the most common underlying cause (19 patients), with cardiomyopathy (9), rheumatic heart disease (2), failed transplants (3), and endomyocardial fibrosis (1) as the other causes of myocardial disease. Five patients were not accepted into the transplant programme, 2 declined after being accepted, and in 3 the initial decision of acceptance was later reversed. Nine patients died while awaiting suitable donors, the mean survival time from the date of acceptance being only 26 days. Fifteen patients underwent heterotopic heart transplantation, 11 remaining alive at the end of the period of study; 8 had normally functioning donor hearts but 3 had suffered irreversible rejection and awaited a second transplant. PMID- 7041287 TI - The effect of terbutaline sulphate on exercise-induced asthma in children. AB - Terbutaline sulphate (Bricanyl; Keatings) aerosol or placebo aerosol was administered in a randomized fashion to 26 asthmatic children with proven exercise-induced asthma. The children were then subjected to the modified standard exercise challenge test involving running on the level for 6 minutes. Terbutaline sulphate aerosol had a marked protective effect against exercise induced asthma in these children. Compared with placebo, a significant reduction in exercise-induced bronchospasm was achieved. The improved design of the mouthpiece, incorporating a newly introduced 'misting tube' enabled the children to handle the apparatus easily. The need to synchronize the activation of the aerosol with inhalation was eliminated. Terbutaline aerosol can be recommended to protect children affected by exercise-induced asthma. The preparation can be given prior to the exercise challenge and will offer prolonged and adequate protection against exercise asthma. PMID- 7041288 TI - [Dynamic impression technic for complete denture]. PMID- 7041289 TI - [Utilization of genetic engineering for the dental field (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041290 TI - [On the study cast (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041291 TI - History of the provisions of the old-age, survivors, disability, and health insurance program. PMID- 7041292 TI - History of the provisions of the Supplemental Security Income program for the aged, blind, and disabled. PMID- 7041293 TI - History of the provisions of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children Program. PMID- 7041294 TI - Reduction of crown height as an alternative to surgical intervention to increase maxillomandibular space for prosthodontics for debilitated patients. PMID- 7041295 TI - Rotated intestinal anastomoses. AB - Using a technique of end-to-end intestinal anastomosis, based upon a 90 degree axial rotation, the conjunction of both mesenteric edges without peritoneal serosa is avoided; theoretically, this would be the weakest area of such an anastomosis. This theory was experimentally tested in the colon of rabbits and the technique compared with the usual, so-called exact facing technique, justifying its clinical use in the hope of improving the results of gastrointestinal operations. PMID- 7041296 TI - Reduction of postprandial release of pancreatic polypeptide after development of pancreatic fibrosis. AB - We have measured the plasma pancreatic polypeptide response to a meal before and after the development of pancreatic fibrosis in dogs. Peripheral blood samples were collected in five dogs before and after a standard meal for measurement of pancreatic polypeptide by a specific radioimmunoassay. The next day, all of the pancreatic ducts were ligated in each dog, and one month after pancreatic ductal ligation, the food study was repeated. The dogs were sacrificed on the following day, and the pancreas of each dog was studied morphologically. Before pancreatic ductal ligation, plasma pancreatic polypeptide concentrations showed a biphasic response to a meal; a primary, rapid increase lasted 30 to 45 minutes, and a secondary, prolonged increase lasted for more than 180 minutes. One month after pancreatic ductal ligation, plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide, at each time period during the initial 60 minutes after food, were significantly less than the corresponding sample before pancreatic ductal ligation. The total amount of pancreatic polypeptide released after a meal during the initial 60 minutes was diminished significantly by pancreatic ductal ligation. Neither plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide nor the total amount of pancreatic polypeptide release after a meal showed a significant change during the last 180 minutes after food. Results of histologic observations showed destruction and fibrotic replacement of the acini of the pancreas after ligation of the pancreatic ducts. The islets were well preserved. Since the cells of origin of pancreatic polypeptide are distributed in both the acini and islets of the pancreas in dogs, we suggest that the primary, rapid phase of pancreatic polypeptide after a meal may be derived chiefly from cells in the acini, whereas the secondary phase of response may be derived chiefly from cells in the islets. PMID- 7041297 TI - A prospective randomized controlled trial of cefoxitin versus clindamycin aminoglycoside in mixed anaerobic-aerobic infections. AB - Ninety patients infected with presumed penicillin resistant anaerobes were randomized to cefoxitin or clindamycin-aminoglycoside. Cefoxitin was comparable to clindamycin-aminoglycoside in cures of intestinal associated, 16 of 26 versus 11 of 21, and pelvic infections, 20 of 20 versus 22 of 23. Cefoxitin-resistant facultative-aerobic gram-negative rods were found in 16 of 45 patients with intestine associated infection. Probable antibiotic associated nephrotoxicity was less frequent in the patients in the cefoxitin group, zero of 46 versus seven of 44, p less than 0.05, although a false creatinine elevation was noted more frequent, seven of 46 versus one of 44, p less than 0.05. Infections causing failure in patients in the cefoxitin group more frequently contained cefoxitin resistant gram-negative rods at the time of failure than did infections causing failure in those in the clindamycin-aminoglycoside group that contained gentamicin-resistant gram-negative rods, eight of eight versus zero of eight, p less than 0.001. Cefoxitin may be adequate therapy for many patients with mixed anaerobic/aerobic infections; however, the addition of an aminoglycoside may be prudent in those with known, or suspected, cefoxitin resistant gram-negative rods. PMID- 7041298 TI - Management of injuries to the brachiocephalic vessels. PMID- 7041300 TI - Infections in patients with abnormal granulocyte chemotaxis. PMID- 7041299 TI - Circulating immune complexes in dermatologic disease. PMID- 7041301 TI - Ro (SSA) and La (SSB) antibodies. PMID- 7041303 TI - Neurosurgeon of the year: Frank Henderson Mayfield. PMID- 7041302 TI - Immune mechanisms in atopic dermatitis. PMID- 7041304 TI - Brainstem hemorrhages and increased intracranial pressure: from Duret to computed tomography. AB - In the late nineteenth century, Henri Duret produced minute brainstem hemorrhage in dogs by rapidly increasing their intracranial pressure. Whether those hemorrhages were the same as those seen today associated with transtentorial herniation is not agreed upon, and the term Duret's hemorrhages is rarely used. Duret's report on his experiments is condensed here and the value of computed tomography for detecting brainstem hemorrhages is illustrated by a case report. PMID- 7041305 TI - Kenneth George McKenzie, M.D., F.R.C.S., 1923-1963. PMID- 7041306 TI - Ophthalmological examination of the infant. Developmental aspects. AB - In recent years, the ophthalmic examination of infants has been of increasing interest to both clinicians and vision researchers. Clinicians have documented a greater risk of retinopathy, strabismus and amblyopia in premature infants, especially those of low birthweight. In addition to the external and retinal examination of the infant eye, a number of clinical tests can help the ophthalmologist to detect visual dysfunction through the evaluation of pupillary responses and ocular motility. Recently, the development of objective techniques (optokinetic nystagmus, forced choice preferential looking, and visually evoked potentials) have not only aided in the detection of ophthalmic disorders in infants; they have contributed to useful definitions of "normal" vision at various ages and to the understanding of factors that influence the pre- and post gestational development of visual function. PMID- 7041307 TI - Behcet's disease. AB - Behcet's disease is characterized by three primary components: iridocyclitis (historically with hypopyon), aphthous lesions in the mouth, and ulceration of the genitalia. Erythema nodosum, arthropathy and thrombophlebitis often accompany these manifestations, but the ocular symptoms may be the most important and serious manifestations of the disease. Central nervous system involvement, most often due to necrotizing vasculitis, may be the most protean manifestation of the disease, leading to death. The frequency of ocular manifestations is 70-85% in patients with the disease; the underlying disease mechanism in all organ systems is an occlusive vasculitis. Although the most common ocular symptom is that of anterior uveitis, often with hypopyon as a very late sign, the presence of necrotizing retinal vascular lesions is well known and often obscured by the severity of the anterior reaction. Definitions, incidence, clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, and management of Behcet's ocular disease are discussed, as are the interrelationships of the different organ manifestations. The ophthalmologist should be familiar with the full spectrum of disease presentation since he or she may be the first physician to encounter the Behcet's patient. PMID- 7041308 TI - Pharmacokinetics of topically applied ophthalmic drugs. AB - Pharmacokinetic applications in recent years have led to significant advances in systemic drug therapy, but applications to topical, ophthalmic therapy have been far less numerous. Pharmacokinetics is the study of the time course of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of an administered drug. Thus, it includes the quantitation of such elements of drug bioavailability as tear dilution, drug binding, and vehicle effects; factors affecting corneal absorption and subsequent tissue distribution; dosage form effects; and pathways of elimination. These factors are important because they significantly influence the clinical responses to administered drugs, in some instances to a profound degree. These elements and their clinical implications are discussed along with some recent applications, exemplified with data from studies on frequently prescribed drugs. PMID- 7041309 TI - Clinical review: the clinical importance of hypomagnesemia. PMID- 7041310 TI - Casting accuracy at different mould temperatures. AB - Three gold alloys were cast to moulds at 500 degrees C, 600 degrees C and 700 degrees C. The accuracy of test crowns was assessed by measuring the space between the margin of the casting and the shoulder of the brass dis. The accuracy of 60 castings for clinical crown restorations was measured by means of impression material. Results showed that best accuracy was achieved at the highest temperature. PMID- 7041311 TI - [Clinico-diagnostic aspects of rheumatic polymyalgia (literature review and case reports)]. PMID- 7041312 TI - [Antibodies against antigens of soluble fraction in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 7041313 TI - [Etiologic role of pathogenic Staphylococcus, and immune status of patients with chronic pneumonia treated with antibiotics in combination with proteolytic enzymes]. PMID- 7041314 TI - [Goodpasture's syndrome]. PMID- 7041315 TI - [Immunologic diagnosis of variants of chronic lymphoid leukemia and lymphosarcomas]. PMID- 7041316 TI - [Role of immunologic disorders in the etiology of colitis]. PMID- 7041317 TI - [Role of proteolytic aggression in the etiology of cholecystitis]. PMID- 7041318 TI - Lingualized bilateral balanced occlusion complete dentures constructed on fixed articulators. PMID- 7041319 TI - [Rational diagnosis in hypertension]. PMID- 7041321 TI - Richard Morton (1637-98) and his Phthisiologia. AB - Richard Morton was one of the outstanding physicians of the seventeenth century. After graduating BA at Oxford he elected to enter the Church, becoming ultimately Vicar of Kinver in Staffordshire. On the Restoration he found himself unable to comply with the requirements of the Act of Uniformity and was ousted from his Staffordshire living. He disappeared for eight years but reappeared in 1670 when, on the sponsorship of the Prince of Orange, the degree of MD was conferred on him by the University of Oxford. He set up in practice in London and was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1678. He has left a lasting memorial in the form of his book Phthisiologia which deals with all aspects of phthisis, the word being interpreted in its widest sense to denote any disease associated with wasting. It is not known where Morton obtained his medical education nor is there anything in his writings to indicate where he spent the eight years between 1662 and 1670. It is suggested that he may have been in Holland for part of those years attending the University of Leyden and making the acquaintance of the Prince of Orange whose patronage was to prove so useful at Oxford in 1670. PMID- 7041322 TI - Presence of fibronectin in pneumoconiotic lesions. AB - During the last 10 years our investigations have confirmed that collagen is not the major protein material in the lesions of progressive massive fibrosis of coal workers. In previous studies it was demonstrated that a substance similar in composition to fibrin was an important component in these masses. We report immunohistochemical studies on the lungs of seven coalworkers which show that the complex extracellular material in six of the lesions of massive fibrosis contains fibronectin. Preliminary observations indicate that fibronectin is also present in the lesions of silicosis and asbestosis. PMID- 7041320 TI - Alveolitis: the key to the interstitial lung disorders. PMID- 7041323 TI - Five-year results of a controlled study of BCG immunotherapy after surgical resection in bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Ninety-two patients with histologically confirmed bronchogenic carcinoma treated by surgical resection of the tumour were subsequently given immunotherapy with BCG (Glaxo). The patients were randomly allocated into three groups. Twenty-nine patients received multipuncture BCG (50 to 250 X 10(6) viable units), and twenty six patients intradermal BCG (0.4 to 0.9 X 10(6) viable units), treatment being given at 1, 2, 6, 9, 13, 26, and 52 weeks after operation. Thirty-seven control patients did not receive any BCG immunotherapy; two patients in the control group were lost to follow-up. The overall five-year survival in all groups was 37%. Favourable prognostic features were squamous carcinoma (45% five-year survival), the absence of involved mediastinal nodes at operation (46%), and lobectomy (45%), but even the presence of involved mediastinal nodes was associated with a 19% five-year survival. There were no statistically significant differences between the survival of the control group and either group treated by immunotherapy considered individually or in combination. The influence of the presence of positive mediastinal lymph nodes and the extent of surgical resection on survival was not affected by immunotherapy. No serious side-effects of immunotherapy were encountered. PMID- 7041324 TI - Carbimazole and exercise tolerance in chronic airflow obstruction. AB - Ten patients with severe dyspnoea and chronic airflow obstruction entered a randomised double-blind crossover trial comparing the effect of carbimazole 80 mg daily for two months with that of placebo. Assessment of thyroid function, lung function, and exercise tolerance was performed monthly. The mean free thyroxine index after two months of carbimazole was significantly lower at 64.1 (+/- 10.5, SEM) than the 89.1 (+/- 3.8) while on placebo. Serum tri-iodothyronine was reduced and thyroid stimulating hormone raised while on the active drug. There was no significant difference in the 12-minute walking distance (TMD), the rating of perceived exertion during the TMD, the oxygen cost score, the dyspnoea grade, the resting arterialised capillary blood gas tensions or the resting minute ventilation. During a progressive exercise test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer, there was no significant difference in the minute ventilation, heart rate, blood gas tensions at exhaustion, or the total work done. There were no symptoms or signs of hypothyroidism. Lung function (FEV1, FVC, TLC, KCO) was unchanged. Thus a 28% reduction in the free thyroxine index produced no symptomatic or objective benefit in exercise tolerance in patients with severe airflow obstruction. These results provide no support for the use of carbimazole in chronic airflow obstruction. PMID- 7041325 TI - Comparative study of the activity of high and low molecular weight urokinase in the presence of fibrin. AB - The fibrinolytic or thrombolytic activity of low molecular weight urokinase (LMW UK) and high molecular weight urokinase (HMW-UK) is not significantly different when measured in a bovine fibrin plate method, in a circulating plasma system containing a 125I-labelled human fibrin clot, or on 125I-fibrin films in culture plates using normal or alpha 2-antiplasmin depleted human plasma. In a human fibrin plate method however HMW-UK was found to be more active than LMW-UK. In a purified system on human 125I-fibrin films the activation of native or modified human plasminogen by HMW-UK was also found to be more effective than by LMW-UK. Using a clot lysis test system we did not observed a different inhibition of LMW UK and HMW-UK upon incubation in human plasma. This is in contrast with previous reports that HMW-UK is inhibited more rapidly in human plasma than LMW-UK. In a purified system the inhibition rate of LMW-UK and HMW-UK by alpha 2-antiplasmin is the same (rate constants at 25 degree C of 167 +/- 9 M-1s-1 and 171 +/- 5 M-1s 1 respectively). The clinical trials available at present used doses of urokinase which were in excess of those required to obtain a maximal fibrinolytic effect. This might explain why in these trials no difference was observed between the thrombolytic effect of LMW-UK and HMW-UK, while in vitro HMW-UK appeared to be more effective. However, one should always be careful to extrapolate in vitro observations as such to the in vivo situation encountered during thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 7041326 TI - Synergism between prostacyclin (PGI2) and prazosin on human platelet aggregation. PMID- 7041327 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation. A review]. PMID- 7041329 TI - Insulin response to glucagon with or without tolbutamide in normal and diabetic subjects. AB - In order to investigate insulin response to glucagon, eight normal subjects and thirty diabetic patients were studied. According to fasting blood glucose, diabetic patients were classified into three groups; mild, moderate and severe. An oral glucose tolerance test, a glucagon test and a tolbutamide-glucagon test were performed at intervals of several days. In the glucose tolerance test, insulin response was reduced in the patients with moderate or severe diabetes. Plasma insulin increased and reached a peak 3 min after glucagon injection (glucagon 1) in the normal controls (66.1 +/- 9.9 microunits/ml), while plasma insulin response to glucagon 1 was reduced in the three diabetic groups (35.8 +/- 7.3, 33.2 +/- 9.7 and 22.9 +/- 5.0 microunits/ml, respectively). In the normal subjects glucagon injected 60 min after tolbutamide (glucagon 2) caused a rise in insulin (72.0 +/- 4.9 microunits/ml). In the diabetic groups, glucagon 2 caused a reduced response of plasma insulin (38.6 +/- 8.9, 49.5 +/- 17.4 and 34.8 +/- 11.3 microunits/ml, respectively). Glucagon with or without tolbutamide produced a far greater maximal response of plasma insulin in all the diabetic groups than in the normal subjects, while glucose produced a not significantly different increment of plasma insulin between the normal subjects and the mild diabetics. The present study demonstrates the glucagon injection with or without tolbutamide could clearly discriminate the insulin response in diabetics from that in normal subjects. PMID- 7041328 TI - [Nobel prize in physiology and medicine 1981. Brain research]. PMID- 7041330 TI - Immunoteratology of chlordane: cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in adult mice exposed in utero. PMID- 7041331 TI - Enzyme histochemistry on paraffin embedded tissue sections. AB - To obtain diagnostic enzyme reactions in paraffin embedded tissue sections, we compared four fixatives (buffered formol sucrose, Baker's formol calcium, periodate lysin paraformaldehyde, and buffered formalin acetone) and subsequent acetone dehydration with or without graded concentrations of Triton X-100. Four spleens and 14 lymph nodes were tested for peroxidase, naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase, acid phosphatase, alpha naphthyl acetate esterase, and alpha naphthyl butyrate. Best results were obtained by a processing method using buffered formalin acetone, Holt's gum sucrose, dehydration in acetone with 0.03% Triton X 100, and paraffin for embedding. PMID- 7041332 TI - [Proliferation kinetics of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes after whole-body irradiation of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas (author's transl)]. AB - A number of patients suffering from non-Hodgkin lymphomas received a whole-body irradiation with 15 rad per fraction (10 fractions). Before and after every second fraction, the proliferation kinetics of the peripheral lymphocytes was examined after PHA stimulation (DNA content per culture as cell number equivalent, incorporation of thymidine into DNA after isolation of DNA, distribution of cells within the cell cycle). After a total dose of 60 rad, the lymphocytes of nine among twenty patients showed a decrease of all proliferation kinetic parameters. This decrease was followed by an increase up to values lying partly above the initial values. A second group did not show this increase. No correlations could be found between these changes and the clinical course or the symptomatology. The formation of micronuclei in lymphocytes of six patients could be examined before the whole-body irradiation and after an in-vitro irradiation. The results suggest the possibility of an individual determination of the radiosensibility of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. PMID- 7041333 TI - [From the history of Soviet forensic medical journals]. PMID- 7041334 TI - Pharmacology of commonly used antiarrhythmic drugs and comments on the use of therapeutic drug monitoring. AB - Five commonly used antiarrhythmic agents are examined with regard to their pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, electrophysiology, and clinical utility. The effective, nontoxic plasma levels are noted, and important drug--drug interactions with these agents are noted. Monitoring plasma levels of these agents serves a useful function in that it identifies patients who are not compliant, who are taking too little drug, or who are taking too much drug. Current techniques do not allow rapid, reproducible, and inexpensive measurements of free (vs. bound) drug in the plasma, a quantity that is likely to be substantially more valuable in determining drug effect than total plasma concentration. Previous studies on drug effectiveness may not have taken into account natural fluctuations in arrhythmia frequencies that mimic drug effect. PMID- 7041335 TI - Drug level monitoring in psychopharmacology: usefulness and clinical problems, with special reference to tricyclic antidepressants. AB - The gradual onset of action and pronounced pharmacokinetic variability provide a solid rationale for drug plasma level monitoring in psychopharmacology. For tricyclic antidepressants a well-established drug level therapeutic effect relationship is available for a few compounds (imipramine, nortiptyline, amitriptyline); and for these, plasma level monitoring can ensure more efficient and safe treatment. The relationship has been demonstrated only in endogenously depressed patients. Various pharmacokinetic problems such as dose-dependent kinetics (imipramine in elderly patients), autoinduction (chlorpromazine), drug interaction (inhibitory effect of neuroleptics on metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants), and changes in protein binding may be better controlled by monitoring the drug levels. In amitriptyline intoxications, a possible change in the elimination kinetics results in a very slow decline in plasma levels for several days; and plasma level measurements might help to identify those patients at prolonged risk of adverse reactions. Some side effects--in particular, orthostatic hypotension--occur at subtherapeutic drug levels and therefore cannot be prevented by drug level monitoring, and monitoring of other (physiological) variables is more important. Drug level monitoring of tricyclic antidepressants thus can be considered a valuable addition to the treatment program, but it cannot replace proper clinical practice in terms of diagnostic evaluation and control of patients. PMID- 7041336 TI - Prediction of steady-state plasma concentrations and individual dosage regimens of tricyclic antidepressants from a single test dose. AB - Inappropriate plasma drug concentrations may be one major reason why many patients fail to show a satisfactory clinical response or experience side-effects to treatment with tricyclic antidepressants. One way of improving the situation is to try to reduce the variability in plasma concentrations by individualising drug dosage regimens as early as possible in treatment. This could be done if it were possible to predict the steady-state plasma concentrations that would be achieved by patients on any given dosage regimen. Our own studies, as well as those of other groups, have demonstrated that it is possible to make such predictions from simple measurements of drug plasma concentrations after administration of a single test dose of antidepressant. The test is best carried out in addition to therapeutic monitoring and is a simple means of selecting the optimum starting dose. The clinical advantages of a simple tolerance test are (1) ensuring that an appropriate dosage is prescribed, (2) reducing the number of dosage alterations, (3) reducing the risk of toxicity, and (4) checking patient compliance when used in combination with routine therapeutic monitoring. PMID- 7041337 TI - Problems in therapeutic blood monitoring of chlorpromazine. AB - Chlorpromazine (CPZ) therapeutic drug monitoring is beset by inconclusive and controversial evidence on the positive correlation of plasma CPZ concentration and psychiatric improvement. Failure to establish meaningful correlation between plasma concentration and clinical benefit may be explained by chemical assay problems; differences in the pharmacokinetic plasma CPZ and metabolite profile due to age, acuteness or chronicity of the disease; drug interactions; and duration of neuroleptic treatment. At the other end, measurement of clinical effects in psychiatry suffers such drawbacks as less distinct and specific clinical end points, the patient's subjectiveness of symptoms and the investigator's subjectiveness on clinical scoring, and the ethical consideration of placebo use. Our data showed the following:L (1) Plasma levels of CPZ parent compound correlated better with improvement in thought disorders and paranoid delusion than with total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; there were no correlations with depression and withdrawal retardation. (2) Chronically treated patients achieved significantly lower plasma CPZ compared to acutely treated patients on oral CPZ dose but not those treated with an intramuscular dose. (3) Children, in comparison to adults, require higher doses to achieve similar plasma CPZ levels and have a lower response threshold, both for clinical improvement and toxicity. (4) The plasma concentration of CPZ can be diminished by concomitant use of anticholinergics. (5) A drug "holiday" increases peak plasma concentration of CPZ and may benefit the nonresponders. PMID- 7041338 TI - Haloperidol plasma level monitoring in neuropsychiatric patients. AB - The available data on haloperidol pharmacokinetics and haloperidol plasma level monitoring in neuropsychiatric patients are reviewed and compared with authors' personal observations. It appears that although haloperidol disposition can be described by linear kinetics in volunteers, this is not the case in patients in whom a 7--10-fold variability in plasma levels is observed for the same dosage together with the possibility of saturation kinetics and/or first pass effect. Anticholinergics may interfere with haloperidol absorption, and significant differences in disposition rate and binding have been observed in children and cirrhotic patients. A clear correlation appears to exist between plasma concentrations and side effects or adverse reactions with threshold levels for extrapyramidal syndromes of 6--9 ng/ml. Threshold levels for therapeutic effects vary with syndromes and age. In Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, active levels are of the order of 1--3 ng/ml, whereas in psychotic syndromes levels of 10--15 ng/ml are requested. In mania, a good therapeutic effect has been observed with plasma levels of 2.5--4.5 ng/ml. In general, children require lower plasma levels for the same therapeutic effects. In chronic unresponsive schizophrenic patients, poor drug bioavailability is not the major factor for the lack of response, and the possibility that these patients constitute a nosological subgroup is suggested. Therapeutic drug monitoring of haloperidol appears justified because (a) no direct relationship exists between daily doses and haloperidol steady state plasma levels; (b) there is a possibility of saturation kinetics at higher doses; (c) commonly associated drugs or diseases may alter the kinetic profile of the drug; (d) drug disposition is faster in children than in adults; (e) optimal plasma concentration appears to differ in various pathological syndromes and age groups; and (f) side-effects and adverse reactions are clearly related to haloperidol plasma levels. PMID- 7041339 TI - Librariogenesis and libraricide: the Philadelphia connection. PMID- 7041340 TI - On Varro's animalia quaedam minuta and etiology of disease. PMID- 7041341 TI - Terms for life in Homer: an examination of early concepts in psychology. PMID- 7041342 TI - T. Grier Miller, M.D. 1886-1981. PMID- 7041343 TI - Reversion of the downhill course of active lepromatous leprosy by repeated transfusions of fresh blood, donated by healthy but lepromin positive patients. AB - Earlier studies of immunologic reconstitution therapy of active lepromatous leprosy patients by repeated infusions of viable allogeneic blood lymphocytes indicated a beneficial effect. In order to avoid cell separation and its associated risks, we attempted to transfer immunity passively into seven seriously ill lepromatous patients by repeated transfusions of fresh blood donated by healthy, but tuberculin and lepromin positive, subjects. The results showed clinical improvement in some cases with the elimination of Mycobacterium leprae, histological reversion and return of immunologic responsiveness. PMID- 7041344 TI - Presidential address: role of kidney transplantation and its implementation. PMID- 7041345 TI - Survival of primates following orthotopic cardiac transplantation treated with total lymphoid irradiation and chemical immune suppression. AB - Fractionated total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) has been used for attempts at induction of a donor-specific tolerant-like state in allograft recipients and for immunosuppressive effects. Cyclosporin A (Cy A) has been shown to suppress rejection of organ grafts in many species including man. The present study was designed to test the effectiveness of TLI in combination with either CY A or rabbit anticynomolgus thymocyte globulin (ATG) and azathioprine. Thirty-one orthotopic cardiac allografts were performed using surface cooling and total circulatory arrest in outbred cynomolgus monkeys. TLI was administered preoperatively in fractions of 100 rad until a total of 600 or 1800 rad was achieved. Cy A was administered 17 mg/kg/day. All treatment groups demonstrated extended survival. Myocardial biopsies as early as 4 weeks were consistent with mild rejection in all treatment groups. No significant synergistic effect upon survival could be demonstrated utilizing TLI plus Cy A when compared with using Cy A alone. TLI (1800 rad) plus ATG and azathioprine was associated with a high incidence of early death attributable to leukopenia and infection. Cy A alone or in combination with TLI was associated with the development of lymphoid malignancy. PMID- 7041346 TI - Cyclosporin A in experimental lung transplantation. AB - Cyclosporin A (Cy A) has been used in combination with low-dose azathioprine (2 mg/kg/day for 14 days) or other immunosuppressives to treat 13 canine lung allograft recipients. Two of five dogs treated with Cy A and azathioprine survive at 13 and 6 months, respectively, with normal lung function and no evident rejection. The other three dogs in this group survived for over 5 months despite evidence of rejection which was reversed with methylprednisolone (50 mg/kg/day for 3 to 5 days). The addition of prophylactic corticosteroids or their substitution for azathioprine resulted in decreased survival without preventing rejection better. The lung allograft rejection that occurred with Cy A was usually later in onset and more easily reversed by corticosteroids than the lung rejection that occurred with standard immunosuppression. Cy A rejection was also sometimes qualitatively different. Perivascular mononuclear cell cuffs and a proportionally greater decrease in allograft perfusion with respect to ventilation were often more prominent than in rejection with standard immunosuppression. In some instances, decreased allograft perfusion evidenced rejection while the plain chest roentgenogram and ventilation remained normal. Except for infection, which only occurred in animals receiving prophylactic corticosteroids, there was no toxicity from Cy A. These findings indicate that this drug is the safest, most effective immunosuppressive agent yet available for use in lung transplantation. PMID- 7041347 TI - In situ cadaver kidney perfusion: experimental and clinical studies. AB - Lactated Ringers and Collins C2 solutions were compared in different volumes for rapid intra-aortic in situ cooling of pig cadaver kidneys. Both solutions in large volumes caused renal damage when compared with ex vivo flushed controls, although C2 was less injurious. When used for in situ cooling of human cadaver kidneys in volumes less than 1,500 ml/kidney, the two solutions were comparable and did not cause injury when compared with controls. In situ cooling permitted longer excision time (cold ischemia) and is recommended for lessening warm ischemia time in selected cases. PMID- 7041348 TI - Human kidney preservation by intracellular electrolyte flush followed by cold storage for over 24 hours. AB - Many transplant teams are reluctant to accept kidneys preserved with intracellular electrolyte flushing followed by simple cold storage when preservation time exceeds 24 hr. This study from one center is a comparison of 63 primary cadaver kidney grafts preserved with Collins 2 solution flush followed by cold storage for 9 to 23 1/2 hr to 42 primary cadaver kidney grafts preserved by the same method for 24 to 44 1/2 hr. Kidneys cold-stored for over 24 hr had a significantly increased requirement for dialysis in the first week following transplantation (55% versus 30%). One-month serum creatinine nadirs and actuarial graft survivals were not significantly different. Cadaver donor methylprednisolone (30 to 60 mg/kg) 2 to 9 hr prior to kidney removal reduced the requirement for first-week hemodialysis in the kidneys cold-stored for over 24 hr (23% versus 69%, P under 0.05). A human kidney preserved by the same method and cold-stored for 61 hr was successfully transplanted into a 38-year-old myelodysplastic. Satisfactory human kidney preservation can occur with intracellular electrolyte flush solutions followed by cold storage for over 24 hr when the warm ischemia time is very short. PMID- 7041350 TI - Method of preservation is not a determinant of graft outcome in kidneys transplanted by Southeastern Organ Procurement Foundation Institutions. AB - We report the observation that the major sources of variation in cadaver renal allograft survival rates are not related to the technique of donor organ preservation but are related solely to other factors including pretransplant blood transfusion of the recipient, antilymphocyte serum (ALS) treatment of the recipient, and high HLA match. In contrast to prior studies which used univariate methods to analyze similar data, our analysis shows that it is imperative that comparisons of different methods of cadaver preservation must include adjustments for the effects of pretransplant blood transfusions, antilymphocyte serum, and HLA match. PMID- 7041349 TI - Cyclosporin A hepatotoxicity in 66 renal allograft recipients. AB - Liver functional abnormalities were seen in 13 (19.7%) of 66 recipients of cadaveric renal homografts treated with cyclosporin A and prednisone. However, such presumed hepatotoxicity was a minor problem in the use of cyclosporin A. The complication was less frequent than that of nephrotoxicity, was as easily manageable with reductions in the cyclosporin A dosage, and generally did not cause clinical illness. In an occasional case, late hepatotoxicity can force a therapeutic change from cyclosporin A to azathioprine, but careful consideration should be given to the dangers of subsequent rejection. PMID- 7041351 TI - Patient and graft survival in amputated versus nonamputated diabetic primary renal allograft recipients. AB - Between September 23, 1968 and March 22, 1980, primary renal allografts were performed in 373 uremic patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. After transplantation 65 of the diabetic patients (17%) underwent 151 amputations involving at least a digit or a limb. The lower extremity was involved in 72% of the amputations. Twenty-four patients had only one procedure, while 41 required multiple procedures. Mean interval from transplantation to first amputation was 25.2 +/- 2.4 (SE) months. Patient and graft loss (perioperative risk) in the first 3 months after amputation was 13%. Diabetic renal allograft recipients living long enough to require amputation have more severe manifestations of vascular disease. These amputees display both an 11% lower patient and graft survival after the first year following transplantation, as well as an accelerated rate of graft loss following amputation. Those diabetics requiring an amputation do significantly more poorly than nonamputees of the corresponding demographic category if diabetes onset occurred at age 10 to 20 years, diabetes duration prior to transplant was less than 20 years, age at transplant was less than 30 years, dialysis duration was less than 4 months, and donor type was HLA nonidentical related. Nevertheless, more than 50% of the diabetics undergoing amputation will be alive with functioning allografts 4 years after amputation. On the other hand, diabetics not requiring amputation do particularly well if they survive 1 year, with more than 80% chance that they will be alive with a functioning graft 4 years after transplantation. PMID- 7041352 TI - Impact of hepatitis on renal transplantation. AB - In order to delineate the incidence, etiology, and impact of liver disease in renal transplant patients, we reviewed 405 consecutive transplants performed between 1970 and 1980. Hepatic dysfunction of at least 2 weeks' duration was diagnosed in 42 patients (10.4%). Of 28 patients acquiring hepatitis in the first post-transplant year, 26 (92.8%) developed chronic hepatitis; of 14 acquiring hepatitis after the first year, 9 (64.2%) developed chronic hepatitis. Of the 42 patients, 19 (45.2%) died, as compared with 16% of the nonhepatitis patients (P less than 0.001). Only one of these patients died of liver failure, with 15 of the 19 (78.9%) dying of extrahepatic infection. In addition, 12 of the 23 survivors (52.1%) suffered life-threatening infections from which they recovered, as compared with 20% of the nonhepatitis patients (P less than 0.01). Conversely, graft survival was significantly increased among the hepatitis patients (73% 1 year cadaveric allograft survival as compared with 50% for the nonhepatitis patients (P less than 0.01)). The etiology of the liver disease was identified in the minority of patients: 5 (11.9%) with hepatitis B, with none occurring since 1973; 10 (23.8%) with evidence of cytomegalovirus infection; and 1 (2.3%) with azathioprine toxicity. We conclude that the major cause of liver disease in renal transplant patients is non-A, non-B hepatitis, and furthermore, that this disease has a marked immunosuppressing effect resulting in increased allograft survival and a marked increase of life-threatening extrahepatic infection. PMID- 7041353 TI - Diagnostic and prognostic significance of an increase in fractional protein clearance ratio before and during rejection of renal transplant. AB - We measured prospectively changes in fractional protein clearance ratio (CPr/CCr) in 21 live-related (LR) and 41 cadaver donor (CD) renal transplants before and during onset of first rejections. Fifty-three recipients manifested a rejection within the first post-transplant month. Fractional protein clearance increased in all patients during rejection. An increase in CPr/CCr prior to other evidence of impending rejection, and therefore clinically useful, required at least a 10-day rejection-free interval dated from onset of diuresis (whether diuresis was immediate or delayed by acute tubular necrosis (ATN)). Twenty-three of 25 nonantilymphocyte globulin (ALG)-treated CD transplants manifested clinical and laboratory signs of the first rejection episode prior to the 10th day of diuresis compared with 5 of 21 LR and none of 16 ALG-treated CD transplants. Persistence of elevated CPr/CCr despite treatment forecast graft loss (11 of 13), whereas a decrease in this ratio was associated with ultimate reversal of the rejection process. PMID- 7041354 TI - Incidence and significance of recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in renal allograft recipients. AB - Renal transplantation was performed in 25 patients for renal failure secondary to nephrotic syndrome and histologically proven segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). They received 33 allografts, 13 from cadaveric (CAD) and 20 from living related donors (LRD) including 6 HLA-identical siblings. All have been followed for at least 1 year with none lost to follow-up. Overall, functional graft survival of the 33 grafts was 68.7% at 12 months and 60.5% at 48 months, similar to controls matched for age, sex, time of transplant, and donor source. Recurrent FSGS was documented histologically in 9 (5 CAD and 4 LRD) of 33 grafts (27.3%) and resulted in loss of graft function in 3 (9.9%). The presence and extent of mesangial proliferation (MP) in conjunction with or preceding typical lesions of FSGS in native kidneys was predictive of recurrent disease. Age at onset, duration of disease, and donor source were not. Sixteen patients with only FSGS on multiple biopsies of native kidneys received 22 allografts and recurrent disease occurred in 4 (18%) but did not cause loss of graft function in any. Six patients with focal areas of MP as well as FSGS underwent eight transplants, in which recurrent FSGS developed in two (25%) and caused graft loss in one. All three grafts transplanted to the patients with diffuse MP and FSGS developed recurrent disease, this resulting in graft failure in two. This study demonstrates the importance of a thorough histological evaluation by multiple biopsies of all patients with steroid-nonresponsive nephrotic syndrome. Only in this manner does it appear possible to define that subgroup of patients with FSGS who are at greatest risk of clinically significant recurrent disease. PMID- 7041356 TI - Incidence, characteristics, and outcome of recipients sensitized after donor specific blood transfusions. PMID- 7041355 TI - A 2-year trial of prospective HLA-DR matching: effects on renal allograft survival and rate of transplantation. AB - In a 2-year trial at a single center, prospective HLA-DR matching for cadaver renal transplantation exerted a stronger effect than either HLA-A and B matching or blood transfusion. One-year cumulative graft survivals for two-DR-matched organs was 92%. Grafts matched for one DR antigen had a cumulative 1-year graft survival of 65% whereas grafts matched for zero DR antigens had a cumulative 1 year survival of 41%. When all cadavers with less than two identifiable DR antigens were excluded from this analysis, however, the graft survivals of the groups known to be mismatched for one or two DR antigens were similar (61% versus 59%). Grafts matched for three or four HLA-A and B antigens did somewhat better than those matched for only zero, one, or two HLA A and B antigens (74% versus 59%, 1-year survival). This effect was only demonstrable in the zero- and one-DR matched group. Similarly, prior blood transfusion exerted a modest effect (transfused versus nontransfused, 71% versus 56% 1-year graft survival) that was also most evident in the zero- and one-DR-matched groups. The institution of this trial was also associated with a 35% annual increase in the rate of transplantation and a 50% reduction in median patient waiting time. DR typing of cadaveric donors is feasible and highly desirable. Multicenter pooling of DR typed donors is thus predicted to lead to optimal matching for a high proportion of renal transplant candidates. PMID- 7041357 TI - Influence of cadaver donor age on the success of kidney transplants. AB - To investigate the impact of donor age on the outcome of renal transplants, a retrospective analysis of 440 consecutive cadaver donor kidney transplants were performed by dividing the transplants into six groups, according to the decade of donor age. These groups were comparable with regard to recipient age, sex, race, and HLA matching grade, while the pediatric group received kidneys preferentially from the first and second decade donors. Although cadaver donor age, between 11 and 50 years, did not appear to influence the result of kidney transplants, the kidneys retrieved from the first and sixth or higher decades of donors fared significantly worse. Improved criteria for the evaluation, selection, and management of cadaver donors of extreme ages is needed to achieve a satisfactory result. PMID- 7041358 TI - Treatment of acute renal allograft rejection with OKT3 monoclonal antibody. AB - Eight cadaver donor renal allograft recipients, who had received azathioprine and prednisone from the day of transplantation, were treated with OKT3 monoclonal antibody (reactive with all mature peripheral blood T cells) at the time of diagnosis of acute rejection. In all cases, loss of essentially all detectable peripheral blood OKT3-reactive cells was noted within minutes after the initial 1 to 5-mg i.v. infusion. Chills and fever invariably occurred following the first or second infusion of monoclonal antibody, but were not noted during the subsequent, 10- to 20-day course of therapy, suggesting rapid cell lysis as the etiology of this toxicity. The established rejection episode was reversed in all cases within 2 to 7 days without addition of any therapy other than OKT3 antibody and despite continued lowering of the steroid dosages. During the subsequent 3- to 12-month follow-up period, further rejection episodes occurred in five of these patients, two of these were irreversible with conventional therapy so that six of the eight allografts continue with excellent renal function. These preliminary observations suggest that homogeneity, limited dosage requirements, and ease of in vitro monitoring of dosage effects should markedly simplify the use of monoclonal antibody to T cell populations in human allograft recipients. This second generation of antilymphocyte preparations offers the potential for not only increased effectiveness but also the possibility of manipulating specific T cell subsets. PMID- 7041359 TI - T cell responses to alloantigens. IV. In vivo and in vitro studies of the abrogation of presensitization to major histocompatibility antigens. AB - B6AF1 mice were sensitized to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens by rejection of B10.D2 skin allografts. The effects of various protocols of treatment with antithymocyte serum (ATS), Bordetella pertussis vaccine, and donor strain lymphocytes were tested in these mice, and the results were assessed by in vitro testing for abrogation of circulating cytotoxic T cell memory and in vivo by determining the survival time of a second donor strain skin graft. It was found that a 6-week course of ATS alone abrogated this presensitized state as judged by both the in vitro and in vivo measurements, and that the hyporesponsive state induced by this treatment persisted for at least 4 months. PMID- 7041360 TI - Lymphoma in cardiac allotransplant recipients. Clinical and histological features and immunological phenotype. AB - To characterize further lymphomas which arise in chronically immunosuppressed allotransplant patients, we studied the clinical and histological features of seven cases of nonHodgkin's lymphoma and determined the immunological phenotype in four cases, which developed in a series of 182 patients who underwent cardiac transplantation at Stanford University Hospital. Clinical features which were correlated with the development of lymphoma included patient age, pretransplant diagnosis, and the number of transplants. All cases of nonHodgkin's lymphoma presented as solitary or multiple localized extranodal lesions while none presented in lymph nodes. Extranodal sites of involvement included brain, lung, and soft tissues of the thigh at the site of antilymphocyte serum injections. Histologically, five of seven lymphomas were classified as high grade, large cell, immunoblastic and two of seven as intermediate grade, large noncleaved cell. The immunological phenotype of the neoplasm from four patients was determined by reaction with immunoglobulin light and heavy chain reagents and monoclonal antibodies to T cell and B cell antigens. All lymphomas from four patients which were tested stained for Ia antigen (HLA-DR) but did not stain for immunoglobulin or the T cell antigens detected in this study. PMID- 7041361 TI - Histoincompatible skin and marrow grafts in rabbits on cyclosporin A. AB - Cyclosporin A (Cy A; 15 mg/kg s.c.) allows allogeneic histoincompatible skin graft survival in 10 of 10 rabbits as long as the drug is given. The same dose of Cy A does not affect acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and increase survival of rabbits after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation between the same two strains, when two groups of 15 animals are tested. Median survival of 14 engrafted animals without Cy A was 23 days, of 12 engrafted animals with Cy A 22 days (not significant). Cryopreservation of bone marrow delays the onset of GVHD and increases survival of engrafted animals. Median survival of 5 engrafted animals without Cy A was 33 days, of 14 engrafted animals with Cy A 35 days. Our hypothesis is that one part of early GVHD as well as of early graft rejection is mediated by a subclass of cells which is resistant to Cy A. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that most transplanted skins show a self-limited period of infiltration and induration. Skin grafts survive this period of infiltration. If the same potentially self-limited process occurs in the liver or the intestine during acute GVHD, animals die. this hypothesis could explain why Cy A allows skin graft survival but does not affect acute GVHD. PMID- 7041362 TI - Fate of four cadaveric donor renal allografts with mesangial IgA deposits. AB - In the course of routine pretransplant cadaveric donor kidney biopsy examination, specimens from two donors were found to exhibit intense mesangial localization of IgA by immunofluorescence, with the presence of large immune complex-type deposits in these areas confirmed ultrastructurally. Both kidneys from each donor were transplanted with the ultimate result that three of the four kidneys underwent early irreversible rejection and were removed within 3 months, while the fourth kidney has maintained normal function for a period of 8 months. Morphological and immunofluorescent evaluation of the rejected kidneys at the time of nephrectomy showed minimal residual IgA mesangial deposits, but all had changes indicative of severe acute allograft rejection. These findings suggest that glomerular lesions involving mesangial IgA deposition can resolve fairly quickly following transplantation, but that the risk of irreversible acute rejection might be greater in the recipients of such kidneys. PMID- 7041363 TI - Use of cyclosporin A in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia. AB - We report on 18 months of experience with cyclosporin A (Cy A) in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia (SAA). Twenty-three patients treated with Cy A for postgraft immunosuppression are described and compared with 14 similar patients with SAA in whom methotrexate (MTX) was used. The early results are encouraging with 73% survival in the Cy A group compared with 43% in the MTX group. The improvement is partly attributable to the low incidence of graft failure. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a problem with an overall incidence of 70% in Cy A-treated aplastic patients, although mortality has been ony 14%. Toxicity attributable to Cy A has so far been acceptable and nephrotoxicity is usually mild and reversible. However, three aplastic patients have developed clinically significant renal impairment while receiving both Cy A and aminoglycoside antibiotics. PMID- 7041364 TI - Chronic graft-versus-host disease in the rat radiation chimera. I. Clinical features, hematology, histology, and immunopathology in long-term chimeras. PMID- 7041366 TI - Role of the spleen in cell-mediated cardiac allograft rejection. AB - A quantitative adoptive transfer assay was used to investigate the role of the spleen in cell-mediated rejection of directly vascularized heart grafts. In this assay, the cell-mediated rejection response can be examined directly by testing the capacity of inocula of T cells to effect rejection of DA heart grafts in PVG rats whose own lymphocytes have been destroyed by whole body irradiation. The capacity of a variety of inocula, including lymph node cells (LNCs), spleen cells, and T cells from lymph node and spleen, to restore rejection were compared in groups of splenectomized and nonsplenectomized hosts. In both groups all inocula restored rejection toward normal. Only in experiments testing inocula equivalent to a small fraction of the naive peripheral lymphocyte pool was rejection delayed in the splenectomized hosts, and this was only a delay of a few days. These results showed that in the absence of the spleen, the primary rejection responses can be generated. In addition, it was demonstrated that the normal spleen contains only a small fraction of the T cell pool with the capacity to effect rejection. Memory T cells were also shown to mediate rejection in splenectomized hosts. It is concluded that with strongly incompatible grafts, splenectomy has only a trivial immunosuppressive effect; it removes neither a sigificant proportion of the alloreactive T cell pool nor the essential site for activation of proliferation of these cells. PMID- 7041365 TI - Effect of blood transfusions on canine renal allograft survival. AB - In this study significantly prolonged canine renal allograft survival has been demonstrated after transfusion of 100 ml of third-party whole blood given peroperatively. Peroperative transfusions of third-party leukocyte-free blood or pure lymphocyte cell suspensions did not influence graft survival. Furthermore, no improvement in graft survival has been found after a peroperative transfusion of irradiated whole blood (2500 rad). These data suggest that delayed graft rejection after blood transfusions can only be expected after the administration of whole blood. The role of competent lymphocytes in whole blood is questionable, since a transfusion or irradiated whole blood in combination with nonirradiated lymphocytes did not lead to prolonged graft survival. Immunosuppression of the recipient directly after transfusion seems to be essential to induce the beneficial effect of blood transfusions. This has been demonstrated for a transfusion of whole blood 14 days before transplantation. A single transfusion of 100 ml of whole blood 14 days before transplantation could effectively prolong graft survival if immunosuppression with azathioprine and prednisone was started on the day of transfusion. No improvement in graft survival has been found with such a transfusion if preoperative immunosuppression has been omitted. PMID- 7041367 TI - Cells mediating graft rejection in the mouse. III. Ly-1+ precursor T cells generate skin graft rejection. AB - Skin graft rejection in ATXBM CBA mice reconstituted with naive (nonsensitized) cells was shown to be mediated predominantly by Ly-1+2- effector T cells. Thus, after the treatment of the inoculum with the monoclonal anti-Ly-1.1 antibody and complement, C57BL/6 skin grafts survived indefinitely, whereas Ly-2 antibody depletion merely delayed the onset of rejection. This showed that a Ly-1+2- precursor cell rather than a Ly-1+2+ cell was the progenitor of the Ly-1+2- graft rejection effector cell. Nevertheless, another T cell subset augmented the rejection of ski grafts and it was concluded that LY-1,2,3+ cells also provided a pool of precursor cells. Thus, it appeared that both Ly-1+ and Ly-1,2,3+ cells can function as precursor cells for the effector cells, which, as shown previously, have the ly-1+ phenotype. PMID- 7041368 TI - ABO-incompatible marrow transplants. AB - We analyzed data from 81 ABO-incompatible marrow transplants performed between 1972 and 1980. Patients with high anti-red blood cell antibody levels pretransplant had a significantly increased probability of antibody return post transplant. This was true for IgG and for IgM as independent variables. However, the return of antibody post-transplant had no effect on engraftment, survival, or blood product requirements posttransplant. Patients who received ABO-incompatible marrow had a similar time to engraftment, survival, and incidence of rejection and graft-versus-host disease as patients receiving ABo-compatible transplants. Neither pretransplant treatment regimen nor the development of graft-versus-host disease had an effect on post-transplant antibody levels. ABO-incompatible marrow transplants can be performed with no greater morbidity or mortality than ABO compatible grafts. The procedures for antibody removal may be useful in other organ transplant settings. PMID- 7041369 TI - Influence of pre- and perioperative blood transfusions on renal allograft survival. AB - One hundred and seventy-nine patients who received transplants between January 1975 and May 1980 have been studied retrospectively in order to elucidate the effect of pre- and perioperative random third-party blood transfusions on first cadaveric renal allograft survival. The 179 patients were approximately evenly divided into four groups; those who received blood transfusions preoperatively only (group 1, n = 45), received blood both pre- and perioperatively (group 2, n = 48), received blood perioperatively only (group 3, n = 37), or were never transfused before transplantation or perioperatively (group 4, n = 49). Actuarial graft survival for group 1 was 73% at 1 to 4 years, which was significantly better (P less than or equal to 0.02) than each of the other three groups at all four intervals. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were statistically identical to each other and had graft survivals of 52% or less at 1 to 4 years. From our study we conclude that: (1) Preoperative transfusions confer significant benefit on recipients of first cadaveric renal allografts. (2) Perioperative blood transfusions are without significant benefit in previously untransfused patients, and significantly lower allograft survival in previously transfused patients. A rational blood transfusion policy based on these results would be to transfuse renal allograft recipients preoperatively and avoid perioperative blood transfusions as much as possible. PMID- 7041370 TI - A simplified model for heterotopic rat heart transplantation. AB - A technique for simplified heterotopic rat heart transplantation having only aorto-aortic anastomosis is presented. The heterotopic rt heart survives and functions well when one lung lobe is attached t the transplantation and functions as a reservoir. Iso- and allotransplants are compared by electrocardiogram (ECG) determination and histological examination. Isotransplants exhibited normal heart and lung throughout the 6-month observation period. allotransplants ceased to function by the 16th postoperative day, with the cessation of palpable heart beat over the abdominal wall by the 10th postoperative day. This simplified heterotopic rat heart transplantation model can be operated by nonsurgeons in an unhurried manner with minimal training in microvascular surgery, and can be applied to various transplantation immunological studies. PMID- 7041371 TI - Engraftment of DLA-nonidentical unrelated canine marrow after high-dose fractionated total body irradiation. AB - Marrow transplants were carried out between unrelated DLA-nonidentical dogs. Recipients were conditioned for transplantation by total body irradiation (TBI) given eigher as a single dose of 9 Gy (900 rad) or fractionated in three increments of 6 Gy (600 rad) each at intervals of 48 hr. All recipients received marrow, less than or equal to 4 x 10(8) cells/kg, and no buffy coat cells. No immunosuppression was given after grafting. All 10 dogs given single dose total body irradiation failed to show engraftment and died with marrow aplasia and infectious complications (median survival 12 days). In contrast, all 10 dogs given fractionated TBI had sustained engraftment and died with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and infectious complications (median survival 12.5 days). None of the dogs died from radiation-induced gastroenteritis. In conclusion, resistance to DLA-nonidentical unrelated marrow grafts can be abrogated by high-dose TBI. This technique may allow hemopoietic engraftment even after i vitro manipulation of the marrow such as lymphocyte depletion by cell separation or treatment with anti-T cell antisera. PMID- 7041372 TI - Offspring to mother kidney transplants. An example of donor-specific immunized transplants. PMID- 7041373 TI - Renal function in patients with brain death with respect to early function after their transplantation. PMID- 7041374 TI - McLetchie on mass campaigns. PMID- 7041375 TI - [Cloning of the flagellate Crithidia oncopelti on a solid nutrient medium of indeterminant composition not containing hemin]. AB - On a simple solid medium of indefinite content without hemin, colonies of Crithidia oncopelti were received. The clonal nature of them was proved. The survival in some experiments varied from 10 to 70%. Young colonies, 6 days after inoculation, were 0.3- 2.0 mm in diameter. C. oncopelti differed from Herpetomonas megaseliae and Crithidia harmosa in the morphology of colonies. To further genetical study of C. oncopelti, a possibility of cloning the object on a simple solid medium is an important prerequisite. PMID- 7041376 TI - [Possibility of the morphometry of the neuronal body and nucleus in cryostat sections of nerve tissue]. AB - A method of fixation by the Carnoy liquid and of gallocyanine staining is proposed in order to obtain clear-cut boundaries of the neuron body, nucleus and nucleolus in cryostat sections of non-fixed frozen nerve tissue, for subsequent morphometry of the body and nucleus of nerve cells. In the resulting sections, the clearness of boundaries of the body and nucleus in a neuron is sufficient for measuring its diameter with the coefficient of variation not exceeding 2.5%. PMID- 7041377 TI - [Micromethod of culturing the lymphocytes from rabbit and white rat peripheral blood for chromosome study]. AB - A micromethod is described for cultivation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from small laboratory animals (Chinchilla rabbits and inbred white rats) aimed for obtaining metaphasic plates and studying chromosomes. This method allows to study chromosomes of somatic cells (lymphocytes), individually in each animal, for a long time up to its natural death under normal or pathological conditions modelled in the experiment. PMID- 7041378 TI - A study on the etiological factors of bilharzial bladder cancer in Egypt. 6. The possible role of urinary bacteria. AB - A correlation was obtained between a positive nitrite test in urine and the severity of urinary bacterial infection. Bacteria isolated from the urine of bilharzial or bladder cancer patients were found to be rich in nitrate reductase activity. "Escherichia coli" was the most common microorganism isolated from these specimens. Urine and several urinary constituents activate bacterial nitrate reductase. beta-Glucuronidase activity in the urine of patients with chronic "Schistosoma haematobium" infection and bladder cancer was measured and shown to be significantly greater than that of urine of normal control subjects. Urinary bacterial infection was shown to be the source of the increased urinary level of enzyme activity at pH 7.0. PMID- 7041379 TI - Production of leukocyte migration inhibition factor by lymphocytes of larynx cancer patients stimulated by laryngeal carcinoma solubilized membrane antigens. AB - The production of leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF) from lymphocytes after stimulation with 3 M KCl soluble tumor and normal mucosa extracts was investigated in 30 patients with laryngeal carcinoma at different development stages and in 30 normal donors. The experiments were performed in heterologous and autologous systems. In heterologous systems 3 M KCl tumor extracts induced LIF production by heterologous lymphocytes from patients in 91% of the cases, and normal mucosa extracts induced LIF production by heterologous lymphocytes from patients in 73% of the cases and from normal donors in 90% of the cases. In autologous systems 3 M KCl tumor extracts induced LIF production by autologous lymphocytes from the same patients in 65% of the cases, whereas the normal laryngeal mucosa extracts induced LIF production by the same autologous lymphocytes in the 6% of the cases. The high positivity percentage of the test in heterologous systems could be related to differences in the major histocompatibility complex. The 65% test positivity in autologous systems using tumor extracts could be related to the presence of tumor associated antigens. PMID- 7041380 TI - C1q solid-phase enzymatic microassay for detection of circulating immune complexes: its application in human breast cancer. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were detected and quantitated in human breast cancer to monitor the efficiency of mastectomy. For this aim a microimmunoenzymatic test was set up, applying a solid-phase C1q. Features of this assay can be summarized as follows: ability to estimate as low as 10 ng of aggregated human IgG (delta IgG), good reproducibility and simplicity of execution, and small serum sample required. A group of women with breast cancer at different stages (TNM classification) was tested for CIC, and 31.75% were positive. Almost all patients submitted to surgery showed a reduction of this parameter thereafter. A parallel study was carried out in another group of women with benign breast disease, and a significant incidence of CIC was found. PMID- 7041381 TI - [The diuretic profiles of Lasix and Ladix Retard. A comparative clinical study]. PMID- 7041382 TI - [Verapamil or propranolol for the treatment of angina pectoris]. PMID- 7041383 TI - [Insulin induced edema]. PMID- 7041384 TI - [Surgery of toxic goiter during propranolol therapy]. PMID- 7041385 TI - [Epilation of facial hirsutism in women. A study of the therapeutic effects]. PMID- 7041386 TI - [Gastroplasty versus very low calorie diet in morbid obesity. Short-term results of a randomized clinical trial]. PMID- 7041387 TI - Bibliography of biomedical ultrasound from 1 January 1971, No. 29. PMID- 7041388 TI - [Delayed union and pseudarthrosis of the carpal navicular: diagnosis and treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Knowledge of the pathophysiological ways and the changes by roentgenogram after fracture of the carpal navicular makes it possible to get an exact diagnosis of the stage of the fracture. The diagnosis will show the way to the correct treatment. The results in 31 cases with an average follow-up of 15 years are presented. In our series it is pointed out that the real pseudarthrosis can only be healed by operative treatment. All 13 operatively treated pseudarthroses had healed by way of ossification and 11 patients without treatment still suffer from pseudarthroses. 10 of these 11 cases show later arthritic or degenerative changes. In cases of traumatic cysts primary operative treatment is preferred. Severe pre-existing arthritis with sclerosis requires a palliative operation in all cases. PMID- 7041389 TI - [Oxalosis of kidney allotransplant]. PMID- 7041390 TI - [Transvesical fistuloplasty with the blind suture of the bladder in the vesicovaginal fistulas]. PMID- 7041391 TI - [Prevention of rejection of the transplanted kidney in a child]. PMID- 7041392 TI - [Rikhard Mikhailovich Fronshtein (100th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7041393 TI - Retrograde flow in the left gonadal vein at abdominal angiography: an anatomo physiological review and clinical assessment. AB - Retrograde flow in the left gonadal vein may be visualized in the venous phase of aortography or renal arteriography. In none of 13 cases was this due to a mass lesion at the renal hilum. Although the Valsalva maneuver may cause this flow reversal in some, in most cases it is due to anatomical structures or variants compressing the renal vein. These are detailed. Left gonadal vein reflux incidentally detected on the aortogram may thus indicate impaired left renal venous drainage and its consequences. There are also clinical and urographic constellations which merit aortography to detect left gonadal vein reflux for their elucidation. PMID- 7041394 TI - Adherence of bacteria to urinary catheters. AB - The adherence of 3H-labelled gram-negative bacilli to different urinary catheter materials was studied using an in vitro method. Adherence was found to be significantly less to siliconized rubber than to pure latex or teflon coated rubber. Adherence was altered by variations in incubation pH, time, and bacterial concentration; however, incubation temperature did not affect results. Adherence of bacteria to urinary tract catheters may be part of the pathogenesis of certain catheter-related infections. However, in the absence of controlled clinical studies the significance of these findings remains to be determined. PMID- 7041395 TI - Kelfiprim, a new sulpha-trimethoprim combination, versus cotrimoxazole, in the treatment of urinary tract infections: a multicentre, double-blind trial. AB - A new combination of trimethoprim with a sulphonamide, named Kelfiprim, differs from cotrimoxazole in that: a) the sulpha drug is sulphamethopyrazine instead of sulphamethoxazole; b) the trimethoprim to sulpha ratio is 5:4 instead of 1:5; c) the presence of a long-acting sulphonamide allows the administration of a daily dose of one capsule, following an initial loading dose of two capsules; d) a reduced amount of trimethoprim is given, as compared to cotrimoxazole, without any decrease of efficacy. Kelfiprim [KP] was compared to cotrimoxazole [Co] in a multicentre double blind trial. Sixty four patients suffering from acute and chronic infections of the upper and lower urinary tract entered the study. Urine sterilisation and clinical improvement without relapses showed no differences from the two treatment groups. Tolerance was excellent except in two patients, one treated with KP and the other treated with Co, who showed a transient exanthema. PMID- 7041396 TI - Vasovasostomy with use of intraoperative vasography. PMID- 7041397 TI - [Metronidazole in prevention and treatment of wound infection]. PMID- 7041398 TI - [Development of an optimal perfusion solution for liver preservation at temperatures of 2-4 degrees C]. PMID- 7041399 TI - [Formation of the intestinal anastomosis using NZhKA-60 apparatus with silicone compressing fixators]. PMID- 7041400 TI - [Experience with the treatment of hypospadias in children]. PMID- 7041401 TI - [Bronchial arteriography and endovascular occlusion in pulmonary hemorrhage]. PMID- 7041402 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of cardiospasm (a review of the Soviet and foreign literature]. PMID- 7041403 TI - [Proximal resection in treating cancer of the cardial portion of the stomach]. PMID- 7041404 TI - [Vladimir Nikolaevich Shamov (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 7041405 TI - Swine cerebrospinal angiopathy and demyelination and malacia. AB - In 15 pigs affected with cerebrospinal angiopathy accompanied by demyelination and malacia, the main symptoms were diarrhea and subsequent circling, spasms, sudden forward movements, ataxia, and inability to hold the head straight. Escherichia coli was isolated in a pure culture from the small intestine of pigs with diarrhea. The only gross change was a slight increase in cerebrospinal fluid. Histologic examination showed vascular lesions, demyelination, and malacia, most commonly located in the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain. The vascular lesions were degenerative and there were necrotic changes of the vessel walls and formation of periodic acid-Schiff positive perivascular eosinophilic droplets. Ultrastructurally, the swollen astrocytes around the vessels had many osmiophilic bodies in their cytoplasm with no limiting membrane. Demyelination and malacia, as well as vascular lesions, were considered to be the characteristic changes of cerebrospinal angiopathy. Our study suggests that E. coli may be a cause of cerebrospinal angiopathy. PMID- 7041406 TI - Naturally occurring polypoid hyperplasia and papilloma in gallbladders of the fat sand rat (Psammomys obesus terraesanctae Thomas). AB - The gallbladders of 256 fat sand rats (131 males and 125 females) seven to 41 months old were studied histologically. None of the sand rats had been used in experimental procedures prior to death. Diffuse polypoid hyperplasia or papilloma of the gallbladder mucosa was found in 49 sand rats. Of these lesions, 45 were present in 126 sand rats in the second half of their lifespan. Neither concretions nor signs of chronic inflammation were seen. Signs of focal epithelial growth activity were seen in either form of lesion. Epithelial hyperplasia was excessive in two gallbladders, and one was diagnosed as carcinoma in-situ. The papilloma in one sand rat revealed transition to adenocarcinoma, with penetration into the deep layers of the gallbladder. Preneoplastic nodules were found in the liver as frequently as reported previously, but they were unrelated to gallbladder lesions. The unusual high incidence of spontaneous epithelial proliferation in the gallbladder mucosa in sand rats of both sexes through several generations suggests this strain as a model in the experimental study of tumorigenesis in the gallbladder. PMID- 7041407 TI - Mesangium in rats after E. coli neurotoxin shock: a morphometric and light microscopic analysis. AB - The renal corpuscles of 28 specific-pathogen-free Wistar rats fixed by perfusion were examined light microscopically and morphometrically following experimental protracted neurotoxin shock. The mean diameter of the center sections of 420 renal corpuscles was 113.0 micrometers. The mesangial portion occupied 9.5% of the total area of the renal corpuscle in control rats and increased to a maximum of 17.25% in experimental rats. The number of mesangial nuclei per renal corpuscle in rats with protracted shock showed that expansion of the mesangium with compression of capillary loops was not caused solely by an increase in the number of cells. Furthermore, there was an enlargement of the mesangial cytoplasm and matrix. Activation and proliferation of connective tissue in rats with protracted shock could be observed in the interstitium of various organs as well as in the mesangium of the glomerulus. PMID- 7041408 TI - Salmonella infection in horses in England and Wales, 1973 to 1979. AB - During the period 1973 to 1979 the number of recorded incidents of equine salmonellosis increased from 23 in 1973 to a peak of 111 incidents in 1976, but has since decreased to 32 in 1979. Of the 416 incidents recorded during the period of the survey 292 were caused by Salmonella typhimurium and 121 by 33 different serotypes; in three instances rough strains of salmonella were involved. The number of incidents caused by serotypes other than S typhimurium increased from one in 1973 to 32 in 1976. The number of different salmonella serotypes increased from two in 1973 to 23 in 1977 and has subsequently declined. Drug resistance monitoring of salmonella strains from horses showed that most of the strains were resistant to streptomycin and sulphonamides, although resistance to other antibacterial drugs used was low. Seventeen different patterns of antibiotic resistance were observed but resistance to more than two antibiotics was uncommon. PMID- 7041409 TI - Effect of immunising pregnant sows with different Escherichia coli vaccines on the antibody levels in the piglet sera. AB - Six groups of pregnant sows were immunised with four different commercial Escherichia coli vaccines. Five groups were vaccinated parenterally while the other group was vaccinated orally and then parenterally. The colostral antibody titres to E coli O149 K91(B) K88 as measured by indirect haemagglutination were significantly higher in the vaccinated sows than in the controls. Oral priming by vaccine feeding as opposed to parenteral administration did not appear to produce an anamnestic response. Antibody levels in the piglets born to vaccinated sows were higher than in those born to control sows. Nevertheless a substantial proportion of piglets born to all sows had very low levels of passively acquired immunity. PMID- 7041410 TI - Leg paralysis in pheasant poults (Phasianus colchicus) due to spinal aspergillosis. PMID- 7041411 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of thoracic lymph node involvement in giant follicular lymphoblastoma]. PMID- 7041412 TI - [Development of roentgenology in the Far East]. PMID- 7041413 TI - [Drug resistance of Escherichia coli strains isolated from poultry]. AB - Studied was the sensitivity of a total of 143 strains of Escherichia coli, isolated from young birds and broilers died from coli septicaemia, to antibiotics and chemotherapeutics. The following descending order was established: gentamycin, carbenicillin, ampicillin, furazolidon, borgal, kanamycin, strep tomycin, chloramphenicol, neomycin sulphathiazole, and tetracycline. Markers of resistance were established with all strains with regard to the therapeutic agents in current and prospective use in industrial poultry farming. It is stated that a preliminary antibiogram is indispensable in order to obtain dependable results in the treatment of animals affected with colibacteriosis. An alternative is to apply directly those drugs to which the strains have shown highest sensitivity. PMID- 7041414 TI - [Antibiotic relationship of streptomycin-dependent and streptomycin-resistant Escherichia coli mutants pathogenic for poultry]. AB - Studied was the reaction streptomycin-dependent and streptomycin-resistant mutants and their revertants of the Escherichia coli strains 078:K80, 02:K1, and 0111:K58 to the following, practically important antibiotics: rifampicin, novobiocin, chloramphenicol, and penicillin. The study made use of mutants of both smooth (S) and rough (R) form obtained through induced mutagenesis effected by means of nitrosoguanidine and nitrous acid. The method of serial dilution of antibiotics and that of dynamic recording of their action through automatic biophotometry were employed. Negligible differences were established in the behaviour of the various groups of organisms. The streptomycin - dependent mutants retained unchanged the reaction of the initial strains to the antibiotics. The revertants showed high level of of resistance to streptomycin and by their behaviour they were closer to the streptomycin - resistant mutants than to the initial strains. In connection with this the probability is discussed of the "suppressor" origin of the streptomycin-dependent mutants. PMID- 7041415 TI - Biology of poxviruses. PMID- 7041416 TI - Heterogeneous pituitary adenomas. A light microscopic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study. AB - The combined use of several histological procedures (i.e. conventional light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy) among 45 unselected pituitary adenomas demonstrated the existence of 9 tumors (20%) containing several identifiable adenohypophyseal cell types. The cellular associations were between 2 or 3 identifiable cell types. Mammosomatotrophic tumors were the most frequent but not the only mixed type (somatomammocorticotrophic, somatocorticotrophic tumors were also found). The cellular components varied in size but the cells appeared randomly distributed in the tumours. In all the adenomas there was an unidentified cell component (no reactivity with antisera used) varying from sparse to numerous elements. On adjacent sections the adenomatous cells reacted with a single specific antiserum, but in two cases the immunohistochemistry on contiguous paraffin embedded sections did not confirm this with certainty. These results confirm those of others and a new term is proposed to designate these tumors: heterogeneous pituitary adenomas. According to the nature and the proportions of the cell components the heterogeneous adenomas were subdivided into two groups: a group A which comprised adenomas formed by a major identifiable cellular type associated with one or two other less frequent cell types, and a group B formed by a predominant unidentifiable (no reactivity with immunochemical stainings) cell type associated with one or two other identified cell types. The present morphofunctional classifications of pituitary adenomas should be modified to include homogeneous adenomas with a single cell type and heterogeneous adenomas with several cell types. PMID- 7041417 TI - [Air-radon procedures]. PMID- 7041418 TI - [Biochemical individuality of the body and its nutrition]. PMID- 7041420 TI - Hemostasis testing during massive blood replacement. A study of 172 cases. AB - A 24-hours service was organized to study changes in the hemostatic system in surgical patients undergoing massive transfusion for excessive bleeding during operation or in the early postoperative period. Hemostasis tests gave normal results in only 12(7%) of the 172 patients, while in the remaining 160(93%) one or more tests gave abnormal results. The platelet count was the most frequently abnormal, followed by the prothrombin time and plasma fibrinogen. Well-defined hemostatic disorders (such as DIC, heparinization and liver disease) were ascertained in 82 patients (48%). 78 patients (45%) had less specific laboratory abnormalities, with a particularly high incidence of thrombocytopenia and less pronounced alterations in the coagulation tests. Unlike the patients with defined disorders, the strong inverse correlation in this group between platelet count, prothrombin time, plasma fibrinogen, and the number of transfusions suggests that the laboratory abnormalities were induced by massive blood replacement. Standard schemas involving the administration of platelet concentrates and/or fresh-frozen plasma without evaluation of hemostasis did not help to reduce the incidence of abnormalities. These measures also failed to decrease the requirements for whole blood and/or packed red cells. Therefore, indiscriminate administration in the massively transfused postoperative patient of blood components based on preestablished schemes appears to be unjustified. An approach based on hemostasis screening, identification of the underlying disorder, directed therapeutic intervention and laboratory monitoring is likely to be more effective. PMID- 7041421 TI - [Cytochemical and immunological studies in the differential diagnosis of lung diseases]. PMID- 7041419 TI - [Pantothenic acid in human nutrition and its importance in stimulating intestinal bifidoflora]. PMID- 7041422 TI - [Current problems of immunology in lung diseases]. PMID- 7041423 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis of myeloma disease (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7041424 TI - [Clinicomorphological analysis of nephropathies in a cadaveric kidney allograft]. PMID- 7041425 TI - [History of the elimination of smallpox in the USSR]. PMID- 7041426 TI - [Structural protective antigens of viruses used for the development of a new type of chemical vaccines]. PMID- 7041430 TI - The face of medicine. PMID- 7041428 TI - Innominate vein obstruction caused by intrathoracic goiter. PMID- 7041429 TI - Toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 7041427 TI - Spectrum of human chlamydial infections. PMID- 7041431 TI - [Bacterial flora occurring in hospital wards]. PMID- 7041432 TI - [Treatment of arterial hypertension in elderly patients]. PMID- 7041433 TI - [Avicenna (Abu Ali Ibn Sina) - his life and medical activities]. PMID- 7041434 TI - [Illness and death of King Sigismund II]. PMID- 7041435 TI - Membership directory update. PMID- 7041436 TI - [Serratia marcescens]. PMID- 7041437 TI - [Problems of amebic liver abscesses]. PMID- 7041438 TI - [Kind, value and risks of known relaxation techniques in bronchial asthma (author's transl)]. AB - Therapy and prophylaxis of Bronchial Asthma and cardiopulmonary consecutive diseases are commented upon with special reference to 1. indication and expected effectivity of scientifically based relaxation techniques, 2. some methods of treatment by gymnastics and breathing exercises as well by sports therapy, 3. nature, general risks and absolute contraindications by "modern" parascientific procedures. PMID- 7041439 TI - [The role of Mycobacterium bovis in epidemiology of tuberculosis]. AB - After a short review of opinions concerning the role of Mycobacterium bovis in tuberculosis of men in the past and of earlier findings in German Democratic Republic, the results of species determination of mycobacteria from 5210 patients living in the capital Berlin and in the districts of Frankfurt/oder, Neubrandenberg, Potsdam and Rostock - obtained between 1975 and 1980 -, are presented. In children, tuberculosis has generally practically disappeared, and thus disease due to Mycobacterium bovis too. In adults, the proportion of diseases caused by Mycobacterium bovis did not yet decrease, in spite of eradication of tuberculosis in cattle obtained 10 years ago. In the rural districts, pulmonary tuberculosis in males is caused in between 4.6 and 9% by Mycobacterium bovis (highest value in one age group 15.8%). Obviously, there is a long latent period between termination of exposition and disappearance of disease by Mycobacterium bovis in human beings. PMID- 7041441 TI - [Pathogenic mycobacteria]. AB - It is well established that mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli and M. leprae are important human pathogens. At least 15 species comprise all the presently known mycobacterial pathogens of man. Eleven species are potential pathogens because disease production often dependent on special factors of the human host. The comments include some characterization of the mycobacteria, especially of the potential pathogenic species. A summary of important nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases of man is presented. PMID- 7041440 TI - [Development of control and eradication of tuberculosis among cattle in GDR]. AB - Report on the development of tuberculosis control among cattle being a process not free from contradictions and disappointments for a long time. In 1956 the prevalence rate of tuberculosis infection among cattle amounted to 48%; half of all cows infected excreting tubercle bacilli with milk. Tuberculosis was rather common among other domestic animals, too. In 1955 in dose connexion with the socialist reorganisation of agriculture a complex programme of eradicating tuberculosis among cattle was resolved and initiated in GDR. Since 1978 tuberculosis among cattle is eliminated bringing also a higher productivity in milk and meat. PMID- 7041442 TI - [Prognosis and treatment of tuberculosis in the pre-chemotherapeutical era]. AB - After discovery of the agent, treatment of tuberculosis was carried out in a variety of ways, the main forms of approach including: 1. Direct action on the bacterium-failed. 2. Influencing the organism by rest and irradiation therapy. 3. Surgical intervention for cavity destruction. 4. Improvement of social conditions. Before surgical intervention was practiced on a large scale prospects for bacteria-excreting patients were very poor, two thirds of them dying within the first 3 years. Where de-bacillization was successful, more than 75 per cent of patients survived 10 years. Nevertheless, none of the forms of treatment had any decisive influence on the tuberculosis situation as a whole. PMID- 7041443 TI - [30 Years of BCG-vaccination in GDR - 30 years of BCG-vaccine production in Jena]. PMID- 7041444 TI - [Infrasonic pressure waves: definition, occurrence, effects on humans, and protective measures (condensed version of a study of relevant literature)]. PMID- 7041445 TI - [Effect of the working class on legislation covering occupational diseases and industrial hygiene in the Weimar Republic from 1925 to 1929]. PMID- 7041446 TI - [Detection of coliforms, fecal coliforms and E. coli in water]. PMID- 7041447 TI - [Clinical experiences with the new antirheumatic diclofenac]. PMID- 7041448 TI - [Basic studies on ultrasonic surgery. I. Principles, status and perspectives of ultrasonic surgery]. AB - The ultrasonic power with regard to its medical use for resection, treatment, and joining of soft and hard biologic tissues is investigated after the formation of the ultrasonic diagnostics and therapy. The situation of the ultrasonic surgery as an unconventional method for the ingenious complementation of tested operative techniques is valued after the representation of the mode of operation and the present equipment. The trend of development and prospective problems of the research are deduced from them. PMID- 7041449 TI - [Results of studies on dogs after unilateral allogeneic lung transplantation without immunosuppression]. AB - The observations and the results after allogenic lung transplantation in 24 receivers were reported. The animals were not treated immuno-suppressively. They survived 6.2 days on an average and died in consequence of the rejection. The transplant is progressively threatened of bacterial infections after the beginning of the rejection even in case of an operation under sterile conditions. The investigations confirmed a narrow correlation between the leucocyte count and the course of the rejection. However, the condition of the transplant can be estimated approximately certainly by means of complex clinical methods of examination. PMID- 7041450 TI - Extra-amniotic prostaglandin E2 gel vs. amniotomy for elective induction of labour. AB - A randomized study was performed to compare three methods of labour induction in 143 clinically normal women (43 nulliparas) at term: amniotomy with or without intravenous oxytocin, extra-amniotic prostaglandin (PG) E2 gel, and extra amniotic PGE2 gel plus an indwelling catheter. The three methods appeared to be comparable in effect and all of them were perinatally safe. Thus, if preference is given to keeping the ovular sac intact during the early phase of induced labour, extra-amniotic PGE2 in viscous gel, either with or without an indwelling catheter,. can replace the classical induction technique. PMID- 7041451 TI - [Pregnancy after renal transplantation]. AB - Since the number of women with renal cadaver transplantation is increasing, the obstetrician seems himself more often confronted with the situation: pregnancy after renal transplantation. The purpose of this paper is to report about our own case, to give a review of international studies written on this subject, and to inform the obstetrician, the surgeon and the pediatrician about the following points: - Common aspects of renal transplantation in fertile women and the information to be given to the patient. - Selection criteria and anticonception. Pregnancy assessment and delivery - Pediatric problems. PMID- 7041452 TI - [New aspects in infections with herpes-simplex-virus (author's transl)]. AB - The high and increasing incidence of herpes simplex (HSV) diseases has led to increasing research activities at all levels all over the world. Particularly important for clinicians are 1. new aspects of the potential danger for certain patients, e.g. the newborns or the immunosuppressed, by exogenous herpes infections or reactivated latent virus and 2. new epidemiological or diagnostic aspects and 3. the problems with the advances, failure and evaluation of chemo- and immunotherapy. PMID- 7041453 TI - [Therapy of myocardial insufficiency, yesterday and today]. PMID- 7041455 TI - [The history of cleft palate]. PMID- 7041456 TI - [The primary reconstruction of the skin of the lower extremity]. AB - Regarding the usual procedures for closure of defects of the lower extremity, the author prefers the primary procedure, if possible. Skin closure should be achieved by scarification. In cases with larger defects, the cross leg flap procedure is the way of treatment. PMID- 7041454 TI - Chemotherapy for larval echinococcosis in animals and humans: report of a workshop. AB - Mebendazole, its fluorine analogue flubendazole, and other benzimidazole derivatives are active against many gastrointestinal and tissue-stage helminths. This article reviews the published literature and proceedings of a workshop on the use of benzimidazoles against larval echinococcosis (hydatid disease). Orally administered high doses (30-50 mg/kg body weight) of mebendazole given daily for 20-90 days to rodents or sheep infected with larval Echinococcus granulosus cause damage of destruction of the cyst wall, loss of cyst fluid, and death of protoscolices. Similar treatment of rodents infected with E. multilocularis with mebendazole, flubendazole, fenbendazole, and albendazole for 60-300 days leads to reduction of weight, inhibition of growth and the metastases formation of E. multilocularis tissue, and to prolonged host survival time although the metacestodes are not killed. Mebendazole or flubendazole treatment of human patients infected with E. granulosus is followed by subjective improvement in most, and evidence of regression of cysts in some; in other patients, cysts continue to grow or have been proven viable even after several months of high dose mebendazole therapy. In patients infected with E. Multilocularis, the progressive course of the disease appeared to be arrested, but treatment apparently did not kill the parasite. Side effects of some patients have included allergic reactions, alopecia, and reversible neutropenia. Some possible reasons for different responses to treatment include inadequate plasma drug absorption from the gut and age, condition, and location of cysts. Many remaining questions concerning the risk versus benefits of mebendazole therapy can be answered only through controlled clinical trials. PMID- 7041457 TI - [Recontouring the lower extremity after injuries]. AB - To achieve a re-contouring of the lower extremities the conservative methods of the local slide plasty, the Z-plasty and the slide swing plasty in combination with subcutaneously pedicled fat flaps as single or combined measures proofed satisfying. As far as the general extend and the localization of the defect admits, those measures may be superior to the free and musculo-cutaneous flaps in respect to esthetically good results. Several cases may demonstrate those possible methods. Besides the technical know-how, a well based planning in connection with a specific valuation of the different operative methods are the fundamental necessities for a satisfying result. PMID- 7041458 TI - [Genetic program of cell death: the hypothesis and its applications (transformation, carcinogenesis, aging)]. PMID- 7041459 TI - [Immunity in the evolution of multicellular animals]. PMID- 7041460 TI - [50th anniversary of the journal Uspekhi sovremennoi biologii]. PMID- 7041461 TI - [Microheterogeneity of proteins]. PMID- 7041462 TI - [Mechanisms of the reaction of dividing cells to hypothermia]. PMID- 7041463 TI - He was a tinkerer and a believer in the brotherhood of man (Dr. William Broaddus Massey Sr.). PMID- 7041464 TI - [Current methods of diagnosis and treatment of bullous dermatoses]. PMID- 7041465 TI - [Detection of atypical Treponema pallidum in the chancre of a white mouse]. PMID- 7041466 TI - [Temporary amaurosis after burn injury--a case report and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041467 TI - [Liver transplantation in childhood--Clinical and experimental problems (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041468 TI - [Biomechanical principles of the interlocking system]. PMID- 7041469 TI - [Isolation of the pathogens in dentogenic-pyrogenic infections]. PMID- 7041470 TI - [The model. The link between the dentist's and the dental technician's functions. Precision and efficiency as the objectives]. PMID- 7041471 TI - [Model production]. PMID- 7041472 TI - [A persisting milk tooth as an abutment--several experiences and a preliminary report]. PMID- 7041473 TI - [Indications for fissure sealing]. PMID- 7041474 TI - Experimental studies on the kinetics of early postmortem decay of the lymphocyte membrane. Remarks about its application to forensic hemogenetics and to cornea transplantation. AB - Tests on human and animal cadavers were carried out to investigate the early postmortem decay of the lymphocyte membrane HLA-typing of cool-kept human cadavers can be performed within the first 36 h after death. Hereby, a possibility is obtained to determine HLA-ABC antigens of the deceased for hemogenetic or cornea transplantation purposes. The data obtained from animal experiments give evidence that the decay of the lymphocyte membrane follows a function of the Verhult's type. Using this function, it is possible to estimate the rate constant as a function of temperature. PMID- 7041475 TI - Enzymic digestion of biosamples as a method of sample pretreatment before XAD-2 extraction. AB - Four proteolytic enzymes trypsin, protease type I, protease type V (Pronase AS) and protease type VIII (Subtilisin) were used for digestion of blood, brain, liver, and kidney in experimental poisonings of dogs with phenobarbital, amitriptyline, diazepam, and chlorpromazine. Enzymic digestion was used also in 21 forensic cases of fatal poisonings with hypnotic and psychotropic drugs. Each enzyme applied gave a similar yield. The efficienct of enzymic digestion varied according to the kind of drug, tissue, and individual. In general, enzymic hydrolysis proved useful in isolation of psychotropic drugs from liver and brain, being less effective in the case of blood. The mechanism of drugs liberation after enzymic treatment remains obscure. PMID- 7041476 TI - [Experimental and clinical use of microsurgery in urology]. AB - Application of microsurgery in experimental and clinical urology is reviewed. A summary of the literature and own preliminary results are presented, especially the model of kidney transplantation in the rat and the treatment of male infertility due to obstructive azoospermia. The extended use of microsurgery in urology is possible and necessary. PMID- 7041477 TI - [Possibilities and problems in the transplantation of kidneys from newborn donors using the minipig as a model]. AB - The importance of kidneys from newborn donors in transplantation has not been clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of morphological and functional adaptation of the newborn kidney in an adult recipient. 7 MLS-matched kidneys from LEWE minipig puppies (age 3-4 weeks) had been transplanted en bloc to their mothers with immediately bilateral nephrectomy. Preliminary results suggested that arterial vasculature and blood supply are limiting factors in adaption of newborn donor kidneys in adult recipient. PMID- 7041478 TI - [Problems of indications for surgery in benign tumors of the epididymis and vas deferens]. AB - The question of the operative indication of clinically benign tumours of the epididymis and funiculus is discussed on the basis of the description of a case with formation of foreign-substance granuloma on the funiculus as a possible late sequela of vasovesiculography. Although even palpable swellings of the epididymis and funiculus are rarely caused by malign tumours, active surgical intervention and histological assessment are indicated, not least in order to differentiate between specific and chronically non-specific inflammations. This has decisive therapeutic consequences and is important for the psychological guidance of the patients and for the avoidance of neuroses. PMID- 7041479 TI - [Fee schedule G. Provision of dental prosthesis and dental crowns]. PMID- 7041480 TI - [Diseases caused by epoxy resins]. PMID- 7041481 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (35)]. PMID- 7041482 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (36)]. PMID- 7041483 TI - Effect of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin on hyaluronidase production by group A streptococci. AB - A sensitive dye-binding assay was employed to study the extracellular hyaluronidase produced by three penicillin-sensitive strains of group A streptococci belonging to M types 4, 24 and 28. Enzyme was produced by all strains at appreciable levels. Subminimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin in growing cultures increased enzyme production by M types 4 and 24 strains. Growth of the M type 28 R strain with added antibiotic was accompanied by a reduced production of hyaluronidase. PMID- 7041484 TI - Chlorhexidine resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from clinical lesions. AB - Clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (148 strains) were studied for their resistance to chlorhexidine, six antibiotics and three metals. The distribution pattern of their susceptibility to chlorhexidine clearly revealed two peaks, and the resistance was differentiated by 5 micrograms/ml of chlorhexidine. Resistance to chlorhexidine was found in 12.8% of the isolates. The frequencies of resistance to SM, TC, CP, KM, CER, GM, Hg, Cd and As were 43.2, 36.4, 18.9, 25.0, 16.2, 4.1, 35.1, 91.2 and 47.2%, respectively. The frequency of chlorhexidine resistance was lower than that of drug and metal resistance except in the case of GM resistance. Furthermore, all of these chlorhexidine-resistant strains were multiple-drug-resistant also multiple-metal-resistant. PMID- 7041485 TI - [Isolation of H2S-producing escherichia coli from urine samples (author's transl)]. AB - The correct identification of isolated E. coli strains is usually without problems in the bacteriological routine diagnostic. We recently isolated H2S producing strains from urine samples of two patients. 4 strains isolated at different times from one patient were serotyped, as O21:H25 and 2 strains from another patient belonged to the serotype O86:H-. The isolates biochemically differed both in the reaction of ornithine decarboxylase and in the fermentation of sucrose (Table 1). Differences were ascertained in the agar diffusion test in the sensitivity against discs of ampicillin, carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Table 2). The present knowledge of the mechanisms for producing H2S by E. coli is discussed. PMID- 7041486 TI - Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections in Hong Kong, 1969 to 1976. PMID- 7041488 TI - [Electromyographic indices in parkinsonism]. AB - Using the methods of general and stimulation electromyography 53 patients suffering from parkinsonism were examined. The electromyographic findings were compared with the clinical ones. An idea concerning the role of alpha- and gamma mononeurons and Renshaw's inhibitory interneurons in the origin of the parkinsonism syndrome is suggested. PMID- 7041487 TI - [Bioclimatological significance of atmospheric electric factors. Report on the present state of research (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041489 TI - [The pictogram. Problem of individual approach to interpreting the results]. AB - A multifactor stage-by-stage system of interpreting the data of the "pictogram" test has been developed on the basis of analyzing the results obtained form 500 healthy probands, 150 schizophrenics, 70 patients with late sequels of craniocerebral injuries, and 50 patients with neuroses. The system enables one to use this method for examining some peculiarities of probands' personality. In this case the "projective" elements of the method combining to a certain extent the "pictogram" and Rorschach's test are realized. Other peculiarities of the "pictogram" unite this method with some picture tests. In addition to the traditional "qualitative" characteristics one should take into consideration some quantitative relationships. PMID- 7041490 TI - [Experimental psychological study of features of the purposeful behavior of schizophrenics with different degrees of expression of the defect]. AB - Results of examining the behaviour of schizophrenic patients with various degrees of the defect are presented. These results show that the schizophrenic patients exhibit a number of peculiarities of both planned and real behaviour aimed at attaining an object. Patients with a marked defect more often suggest to postpone or to refuse from achieving the object at all, than to try to attain it by themselves or with the aid of others. They offer more inadequate ways of action than adequate ones. On the contrary, schizophrenic patients without a marked defect offer a greater number of the ways of action (both adequate and inadequate) than healthy subjects. PMID- 7041491 TI - [Existential approach to the psychology and pathology of personality (critical essay)]. PMID- 7041492 TI - [Multiple sclerosis: results and prospects of research]. AB - On the basis of the results of his own research work, as well as literary data the author analyzes the present state of the problem of disseminated sclerosis. The main trends in the studies of this disease are outlined. A conclusion is drawn that disseminated sclerosis can be regarded as a slow neuroinfection the etiology of which implies the existence of a persisting viral factor. Other etiological factors are genetic inadequacy of immunity (probably, the cellular one) and certain geographic factors as yet unknown. Of importance for further progress of the disease are autoimmune mechanisms and functional changes in the demyelinized fibres caused by various external and internal factors. The author stresses the necessity of active treatment of the patients with presently existing means. PMID- 7041493 TI - [Gliotoxic properties of multiple sclerosis and polyradiculoneuritis serum detectable in brain organ culture]. AB - The blood serum of patients with disseminated sclerosis and polyradiculoneuritis was tested for gliotoxic effect in organ cultures of the brain of newborn cotton rats (Sygmodon hispidus). This effect was revealed in 18 out of 25 patients with disseminated sclerosis and in 9 out of 16 patients with polyradiculoneuritis. As for other diseases the gliotoxic effect was observed only in 3 out of 41 patients examined. The data obtained confirm the significance of the allergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of demyelinization. It is suggested that the test for the serum gliotoxic effect should be used as a diagnostic criterion of the process activity in patients with disseminated sclerosis. PMID- 7041494 TI - [Role of alcohol in the development and treatment of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7041495 TI - Studies on the fibrinolytic effect of ocrase. AB - The fibrino(geno)lytic activity of the non-specific proteolytic enzyme ocrase, a protease from Aspergillus ochraceus, was studied in rat plasma in vitro and in vivo. The proteolytic activity of ocrase was rapidly neutralized by plasmatic inhibitors. Ocrase concentrations which did not surpass the inhibitory capacity of rat plasma exerted predominantly fibrinolytic effects. Under these conditions, ocrase displayed a certain fibrin specificity causing thrombolysis. PMID- 7041496 TI - [Autochtone stones of the choledochus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041497 TI - [Reno-vascular hypertension surgery and renal: systemic renin index (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty-two consecutive hypertensive patients with renal artery stenoses have been operated on. Surgical procedures were aorta-renal artery grafting, renal artery endarteriectomies and resection-anastomosis. Results were analysed with respect to the radiologic type of the stenosis (i.e. arteriosclerosis (AS) or fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and to the value of Renal: Systemic Renin Indices (RSRI) available in 30 cases. Out of 15 FMD cases, 14 are completely cured while in 5/15 cases RSRI values were not significant. 1/15 case is a failure, RSRI was here not significant. Out of 16 AS cases, 2 died in the immediate postoperative period. Out of 14 AS survivors, 11 are completely normotensive, 2 are only improved (in 11/13 cases where RSRI were available, they were significant) and 1 is a failure (in that case RSRI was not significant). One case of arteriovenous fistula is reported; reliable RSRI determination can not be obtained in that pathology. It is the author's suggestion that every case of FMD related renovascular hypertension should be operated on irrespectively of RSRI value. Opposingly, in AS case, operative decision is dependent on prior determination of RSRI. PMID- 7041498 TI - Diabetes and surgery. AB - Diabetes mellitus is the metabolic disorder most commonly met by the surgeon. Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, electrolyte imbalance, vascular, renal and neurological complications and liability to infections must always kept in mind. An accurate preoperative evaluation is essential. The patient must be carefully controlled during the operation and in early postoperative period by i.v. glucose solution with i.v. or subcutaneous insulin. Schemes of treatment for diabetic surgical patients are proposed and results by a sample of 100 patients undergoing major surgical procedures are reported and discussed. Under adequate treatment incidence of complications in these patients is almost the same of not-diabetic patients. Continuous intravenous infusion of 10% glucose solution (500 ml every 6 hours) with potassium and insulin seems to be very safe if continuous monitoring of the blood and urine glucose and ketones is observed. PMID- 7041499 TI - [Role of calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc in mental diseases]. PMID- 7041500 TI - Modulation by glucose and D-glyceraldehyde of glucagon and insulin secretion in the isolated perfused streptozotocin-treated rat pancreas. AB - In order to compare the effects of D-glyceraldehyde or glucose on glucagon secretion in insulin deficiency, the isolated streptozotocin-treated rat pancreas was perfused with arginine alone and arginine plus eigher glucose or D glyceraldehyde. The glucagon secretion induced by arginine alone was not modified by pretreatment with streptozotocin, but the glucagon secretion induced by arginine plus either glucose or D-glyceraldehyde was less inhibited in the streptozotocin-treated pancreas. We conclude, therefore, that insulin deficiency may interfere with the metabolism of D-glyceraldehyde as well as glucose in the pancreatic A-cells, thus interfering with the inhibitory effect of glucose and D glyceraldehyde of glucagon secretion. PMID- 7041501 TI - Insulin, C-peptide and glucagon levels during OGTT in hepatic cirrhosis and in patients with prehepatic block. AB - In order to investigate pancreatic B-cell function in hepatic cirrhosis and to elucidate the role of porto-caval shunt-circulation in the development of hyperinsulinism and hyperglucagonemia in cirrhotic patients, blood glucose, plasma insulin and glucagon, and serum C-peptide concentrations were measured during OGTT in 11 control and 16 cirrhotic subjects as well as in 7 patients with prehepatic block secondary to thrombosis of the portal vein. Insulin and glucagon levels were significantly higher in the cirrhotic than in the control group (for insulin: p less than 0.01, less than 0.001, less than 0.01 and less than 0.05 at 0, 60, 90 and 120 min, respectively; for glucagon: p less than 0.01, less than 0.01, and less than 0.05 at 0, 30 and 60 min, respectively). Serum C-peptide levels were, however, similar in the two groups with the exception of the 30-min value, which was significantly lower in the cirrhotic group (p less than 0.05). Plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations in patients with prehepatic block were similar to those of the controls but significantly lower than the values found in cirrhotic patients (for insulin: p less than 0.05 at 0, 30, 60 min, respectively). Serum C-peptide levels of these patients were not significantly different either from the control values or from those obtained in the cirrhotic group. Accordingly, pancreatic B-cell secretion is not increased in hepatic cirrhosis. Hence, the hyperinsulinism is due to decreased heptic degradation of the hormone. Decreased degradation of both insulin and glucagon should be attributed mainly to parenchymal liver damage, rather than porto-systemic shunting. PMID- 7041502 TI - Analytical studies of chromosomal transcription detected by an endogenous hybridization technique (EHT) using autoradiography and indirect immunofluorescence in Drosophila hydei. PMID- 7041503 TI - Somatomedin production by rat liver in organ culture. III. Studies on the release of insulin-like growth factor and its carrier protein measured by radioligand assays. Effects of growth hormone, insulin and cortisol. PMID- 7041504 TI - Mineralocorticoid escape in man: role of renal prostaglandins. AB - The role of renal prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha) and kallikrein in the renal escape from excess mineralocorticoid has been evaluated in 10 normal volunteers on a high sodium diet. Escape from 9-alpha-fluorohydrocortisone (9 alpha-FF) administered for 12 days (0.6 mg daily) occurred within 4-5 days when 345 +/- 50 mmol sodium had accumulated. Indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, was then administered for 3 days while maintaining 9-alpha-FF. This was followed by a further cumulative gain of 105 +/- 28 mmol sodium after which escape resumed. Potassium balance remained negative throughout the study. Both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha excretion increased significantly under 9-alpha-FF from respective control values of 220 +/- 50 and 818 +/- 86 ng/24 h. to 610 +/- 317 and 1213 +/- 132 ng/24 h at the time of escape. Concomitantly urinary kallikrein increased from 1.1 +/- 0.2 to 2.5 +/- 0.3 units/24 h. Creatinine clearance increased from a mean baseline value of 111 +/- 4 to 123 +/- 4 ml/min during the same period. Indomethacin produced an inhibition of prostaglandin excretion without significant alteration of kallikrein excretion. Overall these results and particularly the transient sodium retention induced by indomethacin at the time of mineralocorticoid escape, suggest that prostaglandins may contribute to the escape phenomenon, whereas the role of kallikrein does not appear to be determinant. PMID- 7041505 TI - Biological activity of des-asp1-des-arg2-angiotensin II in man. AB - The biological activity of des-asp1-des-arg2-angiotensin II (3-8AII) was studied in man. When 3-8AII was infused iv at rates of 22 and 308 pmol (17.5 and 250 ng)/kg . min separately into 5 normal men each for 120 min, blood pressure showed no change, plasma renin activity (PRA) decreased gradually and plasma aldosterone showed a gradual slight increase. The lower dose of 3-8AII partially inhibited captopril-induced PRA increase and plasma aldosterone decrease in the same 5 normal men and the higher dose of the hexapeptide completely abolished them. In one of the 5 normal men blood pressure rose in response to doses of 3-8AII greater than 2220 pmol (1750 ng)/kg . min. When 3-8AII was infused iv at 308 pmol/kg . min into 2 patients with Bartter's syndrome for 60 min, it caused marked decrease in PRA and plasma aldosterone but no change in blood pressure. This decrease in plasma aldosterone is thought to be secondary to the decrease in PRA. From these results it is evident that 3-8AII has a minimal pressor action, a weak aldosterone-stimulating action and a significant renin-suppressing action in man and this PRA-lowering action is thought to be due to direct inhibition of renin release by its whole molecule or a smaller part of the molecule. PMID- 7041506 TI - [Quantitative-cytochemical evaluation of acid phosphatase activity in skin window macrophages (author's transl)]. AB - The acid phosphatase activity (acP) of developing skin window macrophages topically treated with 6-methyl-prednisolone (6-MP) has been evaluated by a quantitative-cytochemical technique (SMP 05/PDP 12-20). The following conclusions can be drawn: 1. The degranulation of migrated monocytes can be inhibited by local application of 0.1 to 10.0 micrograms of 6-MP per skin window lesion. 2. The increase of acP-activity associated with the physiologic transformation of monocytes into macrophages and the concomitant activation of the lysosomal system was clearly inhibited by 0.05 to 10.0 micrograms per skin window lesion. 3. 6-MP alters the morphology of the developing macrophages and alters the intracellular distribution of acP. 4. It can be concluded that 6-MP inhibits the development of monocytogenic macrophages. This effect is observed with amounts of 6-MP which correspond to those obtained by systemic application of 6-MP in usual dosages. The antiphlogistic effect of 6-MP probably is due to a considerable proportion by the direct influence on the inflammatory cells. PMID- 7041507 TI - Central haemodynamics, oxygen transport and oxygen consumption during three methods for CPAP. PMID- 7041508 TI - Gas flow measurements with a gas dilution technique. AB - A new method for gas flow measurements, based on a gas dilution technique, is described. A known amount of fresh room air is injected as a tracer gas into a carrier gas stream. The downstream concentration profile of the tracer gas is recorded with a portable mass-spectrometer. The flow rate of the carrier gas is calculated from the area under the tracer gas curve as electronically integrated. The method was tested against precision spirometers, one of the rolling seal type and one of the fluidistor type. It was shown that any rapid gas analyser might be used for the analyses, either of the tracer gas or of the carrier gas. The applicability of this method during general anaesthesia and in other clinical situations is discussed. PMID- 7041509 TI - Blood glucose, insulin, antidiuretic hormone and renin activity response during caesarean section performed under general anaesthesia or epidural analgesia. AB - Glucose loading caused a significant increase in insulin response (IRI) in patients undergoing caesarean section both under general anaesthesia and under epidural analgesia. After a fast intravenous glucose loading given just before the administration of epidural bupivacaine, similar but more variable serum immunoreactive insulin levels were found as compared with those determined after a slower intravenous glucose infusion in patients under general anaesthesia. Plasma renin activity values did not change significantly in either group, but, differing from general anaesthesia, antidiuretic hormone levels (ADH) increased significantly in patients under epidural analgesia. The changes in IRI and ADH response may be caused by a higher psychic stress reaction of the conscious patients during caesarean section under epidural analgesia. PMID- 7041510 TI - Masugi nephritis in the nude mice and their normal littermates. AB - Masugi nephritis was studied in the male nude and their normal littermate BALB/c mice. In the second phase, severe histological changes consisting of numerous thrombi, thickening of the capillary walls, segmental capillary necrosis, tubular atrophy and numerous casts in the tubular lumen were found in the nephritic nude mice. By electron microscopy, dense deposits were found in the subendothelial space, together with massive fibrin deposition in the capillary lumina. Degeneration and disappearance of endothelial cells could also be seen. On the other hand, the nephritic BALB/c mice showed definite hypercellularity of the glomeruli but less exudative changes. In the second phase, granular deposition of mouse IgG was seen in the mesangium of the nephritic nude mice. In contrast, in the nephritic BALB/c mice, mouse IgG was localized in a linear fashion along the capillary walls. In the plaque forming assay, no indirect plaques against rabbit gammaglobulin were developed in the nephritic nude mice. PMID- 7041511 TI - Fulminant type A viral hepatitis in a chimpanzee. AB - A case of a chimpanzee with fulminant hepatitis caused by spontaneous hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection was reported. The liver at autopsy revealed massive liver cell necrosis with mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration. Aggregation of HAV-like particles (22-25 nm in diameter) were found within the vesicles of hepatocytes under the electron microscope. Immunofluorescent examination of the liver showed positive staining for HAV antigen, C1q, C3, C4, immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the hepatocytes and/or Kupffer cells in a granular fashion. The anti-HAV antibody (IgM type) and circulating immune complexes were detected in the postmortem serum. The present study suggests the possibility that the deposition of immune complexes of HAV and anti-HAV antibody in the liver cell plays an important role in the pathogenesis of massive liver cell necrosis in fulminant type A viral hepatitis. PMID- 7041512 TI - Bronchial plasmacytoma identified by immunoperoxidase technique on paraffin embedded section. AB - A case of bronchial plasmacytoma occurring in a 57-year-old housewife is reported. She had had the productive cough and the "abnormal shadow" in the right lower lobe for three years before admission. On bronchoscopy, a tumor was found in the right main bronchus, large enough to obstruct the air way. The tumor was resected through rigid bronchoscope. Histological impression was "plasmacytoma with local amyloid deposit." M-protein was never detected in the serum or urine. Applying the immunoperoxidase technique for the paraffin section, the plasma cells were found to contain only a single type of immunoglobulin, Ig G-L. The differential diagnosis between plasmacytoma and plasma cell granuloma was made, and plasmacytoma was considered to be one type of extranodal malignant lymphoma. PMID- 7041514 TI - [Chemotherapeutic studies of filariasis--synthesis of 5-nitro-2-furyl-vinyl derivatives and their related compounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 7041513 TI - Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies on Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - The thyroid glands of nine patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were studied by immunoperoxidase method for immunoglobulin (Ig) and thyroid hormone, and of these four tissue specimens were further examined by electron microscope. Immunoperoxidase method for Ig revealed that about 63% of the infiltrating cells contained Ig, and that about 90% of such Ig-containing cells had IgG. IgG containing cells seemed to secrete autoantibodies. Immunoperoxidase method for thyroid hormone and electron microscopy revealed that there was a good correlation between the morphological features of the thyroid follicle and its immunohistochemical staining pattern. In follicles composed of columnar cells, the colloid and cytoplasm of some epithelial cells were immunohistochemically stained. Dense deposits, regarded as immune complexes, were observed in the basement membrane of these follicles, and lymphocytes were seen between the adjacent cells. When similar deposits appeared in the basement membrane of such follicles, 4 or more lymphocytes per follicle could be seen among the epithelial cells. The present findings seem to indicate that antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. PMID- 7041515 TI - Cis(Z)-clopenthixol and clopenthixol in the treatment of acute psychoses and exacerbations of chronic psychoses. A double-blind clinical investigation. AB - The clinical effect of cis(Z)-clopenthixol has been compared with that of clopenthixol, which is a mixture of the pharmacologically active cis(Z)-isomer and the inactive trans(E)-isomer. In the 4-week double-blind trial were included 20 patients with acute psychoses and exacerbations of chronic psychoses, mainly schizophrenics. Ratings evaluating severity of illness, therapeutic effect, possible interference of side effects with the patient's functioning were done at weeks 0, 2, and 4, at which occasions also the BPRS was filled in. All patients improved, most of them so much that their final BPRS-score was less than half their initial score. In conclusion, the antipsychotic effect of cis(Z) clopenthixol was found equal to that of clopenthixol whereas the cis(Z)-isomer on a mg/mg basis was twice as active as clopenthixol. Side effects were few, similar, and equally frequent in the two groups, extrapyramidal side effects and drowsiness being the most common. PMID- 7041516 TI - A double-blind clinical investigation of cis(Z)-clopenthixol and clopenthixol in chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - The therapeutic effect of the neuroleptic cis(Z)-clopenthixol has been compared with that of clopenthixol in mainly chronic schizophrenic patients in a double blind 8-week trial. Forty-nine of the 54 patients in the trial received clopenthixol in the pre-trial period. Ratings with CGI and a single side effects form were done at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. The registration of therapeutic effect at week 8 indicated a symptomatological status quo in both groups of patients while there was a tendency of slightly less interference by cis(Z)-clopenthixol with patient's functioning than by clopenthixol. The ratio of therapeutically equipotent cis(Z)-clopenthixol/clopenthixol doses was found to be 1:2. It is suggested that long-term treatment with clopenthixol advantageously may be replaced by cis(Z)-clopenthixol. PMID- 7041517 TI - Cis(Z)-clopenthixol and haloperidol in chronic schizophrenic patients--a double blind clinical multicentre investigation. AB - Sixty-three chronic schizophrenic in-patients were included in the double-blind, double-dummy clinical trial comparing antipsychotic activity and side effects of cis(Z)-clopenthixol and haloperidol. Test treatment was administered at least 8 and in most cases 12 weeks with clinical evaluations including BPRS, NOSIE-30, CGI and single side effects done at weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12. The average end-of trial doses were 40 mg cis(Z)-clopenthixol and 10 mg haloperidol. Statistically significant improvements of total BPRS-score and Thinking disturbance were registered with both drugs from week 2 onwards. At week 12 when 36 patients were receiving test treatment total BPRS-score was reduced by 31% in the cis(Z) clopenthixol group and by 17% in the haloperidol group. At week 4 Thinking disturbance was reduced by 32% in the cis(Z)-clopenthixol group and by 16% in the haloperidol group--these findings constituted the only significant difference between test drugs. Compared to the BPRS-results less improvements and no differences between test drugs were registered with NOSIE-30 and CGI. Any trends towards different frequency and severity of side effects were in the favour of cis(Z)-clopenthixol. PMID- 7041518 TI - Neuroleptic treatment of oligophrenic patients. A double-blind clinical multicentre trial of cis(Z)-clopenthixol and haloperidol. AB - One hundred mentally retarded patients from five Finnish institutions took part in a double-blind, double-dummy 12-week trial assessing the therapeutic effect of cis(Z)-clopenthixol and haloperidol. Assessments including CGI by psychiatrists and ward personnel as well as a 4-item target symptom scale was done at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12. Improvement was registered by the psychiatrists in 16, 21, and 24 cis(Z)-clopenthixol patients and in 11, 6, and 7 haloperidol patients at weeks 4, 8, and 12, respectively--the difference between the two drugs being significant at weeks 8 and 12. The ratings of CGI by the personnel and the 4-item scale by the psychiatrists showed less improvements and no significant differences between the two drugs. While the overall impression of interference of patients' functioning by side-effects were in the favour of haloperidol the number of single side effects increased more with haloperidol than with cis(Z)-clopenthixol during the 12 weeks. Average doses administered at week 12 were 34 mg cis(Z) clopenthixol and 5 mg haloperidol. PMID- 7041519 TI - A double-blind comparison of the effects of haloperidol and cis(Z)-clopenthixol in senile dementia. AB - The therapeutic effects in senile dementia of haloperidol and cis(Z)-clopenthixol were compared in a double-blind, double-dummy clinical 8-week study in 47 demented patients after wash-out periods of 3 weeks or less. Forty patients, most of whom received 0.5 mg haloperidol or 5 mg cis(Z)-clopenthixol, completed the study in which assessments with the geriatric rating scales of Gottfries-Cronholm and Crichton in addition to CGI were done at weeks--3, 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8. With the Gottfries-Cronholm Scale few significant changes from week 0 were seen in the two groups of patients. Significant deteriorations at weeks 1 and 8 in the haloperidol group were, however, registered. The only significant difference between the two groups of patients regarded motor activity which was most positively influenced by cis(Z)-clopenthixol. Accordingly, most results suggesting a difference between the two test drugs were in the favour of cis(Z) clopenthixol. With the Crichton and the CGi scales changes in the over-all impression of the patients were very few. Side effects were mild and transient. PMID- 7041520 TI - [Formaldehyde fixation for selective immunofluorescence of membrane antigens]. PMID- 7041521 TI - Hypercalcemic and calcium-antagonistic effects on insulin release and oral glucose tolerance in man. AB - The present investigation was carried out in order to study the acute effects of hypercalcemia on the carbohydrate metabolism in healthy subjects and in patients with non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The combined effect of hypercalcemia and a calcium-antagonistic agent (verapamil) was also studied in healthy subjects, in patients with chronic hypercalcemia, e.g. primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Calcium, infused intravenously to fasting diabetic patients, induced a significant decline in the blood glucose concentration. This was not the case in healthy individuals. When glucose was administered orally during exogenous hypercalcemia, glucose tolerance decreased significantly in the diabetic as well as in the healthy individuals. Verapamil, however, abolished this hypercalcemia effect, and even improved the tolerance for oral glucose when administered intravenously together with calcium in the patients with NIDDM. No such effect of verapamil was seen in the healthy subjects or in the patients with PHPT. Insulin activity was left unaffected by hypercalcemia and/or verapamil in all experimental situations. These findings thus imply that hypercalcemia decreases the tolerance for oral glucose in normoglycemic subjects, and further deteriorates the glucose tolerance in patients with an already impaired carbohydrate metabolism. Verapamil, on the other hand, appears to counteract this effect of hypercalcemia in diabetic patients. Since insulin remains unaffected by calcium and verapamil in the above mentioned situations, it is reasonable to assume that the calcium- and verapamil-induced effects on the glucose tolerance are due to glucose-regulatory factors other than insulin. PMID- 7041522 TI - 1,25(OH)2D3 and renal function. A controlled clinical study in normal elderly women. AB - A controlled study of the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 was performed in 58 normal 70 year-old Danish women. After 6 months; observation of the spontaneous course the participants were randomized to treatment with either 1,25(OH)2D3 (0.5 micrograms daily) or placebo. Both groups received 500 mg calcium daily. Seven out of 20 participants treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 developed slight hypercalcaemia which disappeared after dose adjustment. One participant in the placebo group developed slight hypercalcaemia. A highly significant increase in serum creatinine was observed in the 1,25(OH)2D3 group when compared with the initial value and with the change in the placebo group. Serum creatinine remained elevated throughout the study despite normalization of serum calcium. It is concluded that 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment in normal, elderly women has a negative effect on the renal function as estimated from serum creatinine. PMID- 7041523 TI - Streptokinase of heparin in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Follow-up results of a prospective study. AB - In a previous study on 42 patients with acute deep vein thrombosis, randomly allocated to treatment with streptokinase or heparin, we found that 71.4% of the streptokinase-treated patients achieved phlebographically significant thrombolysis as compared to 23.8% in the heparin group. These patients have been reevaluated after a mean observation period of 6 1/2 years. Seven patients had died and there were no other drop-outs. Thus, 35 patients were subjected to the follow-up study consisting of phlebography and clinical examination. The evaluations were performed without knowledge of the initial therapy. Seven patients had phlebographically normal veins, and all belonged to the streptokinase group. This difference between the treatment groups is statistically highly significant (p less than 0.01). At clinical examination, 13 of the 17 patients in the streptokinase group had normal legs and 4 exhibited moderate postthrombotic changes. In contrast, 3 of the heparin-treated patients showed serious postthrombotic changes with open leg ulcers, and only 6 of 18 patients in this group had normal legs. The present results strongly support the assumption that streptokinase therapy is the best treatment at present in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis. This has been shown for the initial thrombolysis, and now also for the avoidance of late postthrombotic changes. PMID- 7041524 TI - [Lipid composition of the bacterial and stable L forms of Escherichia coli W1655 F+]. PMID- 7041525 TI - [Transfer of plasmid-determined antibiotic resistance in group A, B, C and G streptococci]. PMID- 7041526 TI - [Gentian violet as a selection factor in obtaining auxotrophic mutants]. PMID- 7041527 TI - [Controlled postpenicillin enterocolitis in guinea pigs caused by E. coli W1655 F+]. PMID- 7041528 TI - [Production of a highly-active mutant producer of acid protease by gamma-ray exposure]. PMID- 7041529 TI - [Hydrocortisone transformation into prednisolone by microorganisms]. PMID- 7041530 TI - Proliferation of astroglia in the embryonic mouse forebrain as revealed by simultaneous immunocytochemistry and autoradiography. AB - Proliferating glial precursors of the embryonic mouse forebrain were labelled with [3H] thymidine autoradiography and immunostained in the same preparation by using antibodies raised against astroglia-specific protein (GFAP). Results indicate that mature fibrous forms of astroglia are capable of proliferation. PMID- 7041531 TI - Anterior sacral meningocele discovered by whole body computerized tomography: case report. AB - A case of anterior sacral meningocele which was clearly visualized on whole body computerized tomography is presented. Posterior surgical approach with ligation of the narrow communication between the sacral dural sac and the meningocele alleviated the subjective complaints of a feeling of abdominal distention and of dysuria. For the purpose of postoperative follow-up study, examination by whole body computerized tomography proved to be the best method of evaluating the size of the meningocele and also the state of neighbouring structures. PMID- 7041532 TI - Cause and treatment of spasmodic torticollis. PMID- 7041533 TI - Henk Verbiest and neurosurgery. PMID- 7041534 TI - Neuro-physio-surgery in the Netherlands since 1971. AB - In the Netherlands since 1971 a working group consisting of representatives of relevant specialisms actively discussed all patients in whom neuro-physio-surgery was considered. This term is used for indicating brain surgery for psychiatric or epileptic patients. The number of patients submitted is small, i.e., 123 in approximately 8 years. Of these 123 patients, after extensive discussion, 48 have been treated by neurosurgical intervention, i.e., 36 psychiatric and 12 epileptic cases. All patients who have been operated on were "hopeless" cases in whom no conventional therapy was effective. Neuro-physio-surgery (NPS) as an ultimate resort, has given relief to the majority of these patients. It is felt that the discussions by a relatively large group of specialists provide optimal protection to the patient, and that the changes are minimal that NPS would be carried out on the basis of inadequate or insufficient indications. PMID- 7041535 TI - The arteries of the spinal cord. The history of a paradigmal shift. AB - A historical review of the arterialization of the spinal cord is given. Against the background of philosophical attitudes in various periods during the last two centuries, it is explained how a paradigm may exert a negative influence on scientific progress. PMID- 7041536 TI - Henk Verbiest. PMID- 7041537 TI - Treatment of lumbo-ischialgias of different origins by intradiscal injection of chymopapain (discolysis). Analysis of literature and personal experiences. AB - An analysis is given of a series of 25 patients suffering from lumboischialgic pain of different causes, which have been treated by discolysis. Literature reports are taken into consideration. As a result of analysis, the following statements seem justified: In no kind of lumbar disc prolapse are the results of discolysis superior to those of modern operative treatment. Discolysis results are indisputably worse in cases with the usual operative indication, which consists of neurological deficit and large disc prolapse. Favourable results by discolysis can be obtained in cases with disc protrusion or small prolapse, but these cases can mostly be cured also by consequent conservative treatment. Contraindications are marked neurological deficit, demonstration of a large disc prolapse by contrast methods, Verbiest's stenosis of the lumbar spinal canal, low back pain and ischialgia without possible proof of a disc protrusion, cases with low back pain as the main or only feature, spondylolisthesis. Disc prolapse recurrences after discolysis often occur about one month afterwards. Structural instability at this stage is likely. Therefore, as with postoperative treatment, it is advisable to avoid major physical stress for the first weeks after discolysis. Major complications after discolysis are possible, and have occurred. Because discolysis offers no real advantages but some shortcomings compared to conservative treatment for disc protrusions, and to operative treatment in real disc prolapses, its justification seems more than questionable. PMID- 7041538 TI - Polyamines in mammalian tumors. Part I. PMID- 7041539 TI - Criteria for analyzing interactions between biologically active agents. PMID- 7041540 TI - Arachidonic acid transformation and tumor production. PMID- 7041541 TI - The thyroid nodule. AB - Solitary cold thyroid nodules occur in approximately 4% to 7% of adults. The diagnostic workup should be designed to predict the likelihood of malignancy. The presence of risk factors for carcinoma raises the index of suspicion and should prompt consideration of surgical excision of the nodule. An orderly sequence of diagnostic tests should be performed in every patient with a thyroid nodule, and additional special tests may be needed under specified clinical circumstances. With careful selection high risk patients can be referred for neck exploration and low risk patients can be followed without operation. PMID- 7041542 TI - Symptoms of esophageal dysfunction. PMID- 7041543 TI - Irritable bowel syndrome: newer pathophysiologic concepts. PMID- 7041544 TI - Gut immune mechanisms. PMID- 7041545 TI - Autoimmunity and suppressor T lymphocytes. PMID- 7041546 TI - C-reactive protein and the acute phase response. AB - Since its discovery approximately fifty years ago, CRP has been recognized as the prototype acute phase reactant. Now appreciated as a trace serum protein that elevates markedly in concentration in association with inflammation and tissue necrosis, CRP also has been found deposited at sites of cell injury. Together with its long appreciated ability to initiate precipitation, agglutination, and capsular swelling reactions, these considerations early led to the surmise that CRP may play a role in the host adaptive response. Studies of its binding specificities have indicated that CRP has reactivity with (a) phosphocholine and phosphate esters, and hence with lipids widely distributed in mammalian and microbial cells; and (b) with multiple widely distributed polycations, including those derived from leukocyte granules. Interaction with either of these ligands has been shown to alter CRP in such a way that it can bring about activation of the complement system with generation of all the known C-dependent reactivities, including component consumption, adherence, phagocytosis, and cytolysis. Similarly, modified CRP has been shown to react with the FcR or a closely related receptor of monocytes and lead to phagocytosis, to react with certain FcR-bearing lymphocytes, and to activate the platelet. Thus, CRP shares with immunoglobulins the ability to initiate multiple effector functions that have been associated with the inflammatory response, as well as to bring about primary recognition reactions. Obviously CRP-ligand reactions would be favored during intervals of acute inflammation and tissue necrosis, when larger amounts of CRP are available. Therefore, in addition to serving as a diagnostic aid for the presence of inflammatory and necrotic processes, elevated levels of CRP may well provide an important component of the nonspecific host mechanisms, particularly in the early stages following inflammatory stimuli. Inquiries into the structure and function of CRP indicated an unexpected relationship of this molecule to an amyloid related protein. The amyloid P component shows remarkable structural similarity to CRP and also exhibits calcium-dependent reactivity with widely distributed ligands; those appreciated to date have mainly involved polysaccharides derived from fungi and natural products. While the only relationship of SAP to an immune related effector system found to date is reactivity with altered C3, it nonetheless seems plausible that SAP, which like CRP recognizes certain microbial and altered host molecules and has the potential of activating a host effector system at the recognition site. Further inquiry into the structure and functional relationships of these molecules, which are broadly distributed through the vertebrates, should help to reveal the role that CRP and other acute phase proteins have in the body economy and provide additional insights to the understanding of body defense mechanisms in inflammatory, repair, and defense processes generally. PMID- 7041547 TI - Global changes in group A streptococcal diseases and strategies for their prevention. PMID- 7041548 TI - The hypertensive diseases of pregnancy and their management. PMID- 7041549 TI - The vitamin D endocrine system. AB - In this review I have discussed out current understanding of the vitamin D endocrine system. Vitamin D is made available to the body both by intestinal absorption and by photosynthesis in the skin. To be active, vitamin D must be hydroxylated to 250HD, principally in the liver, and to 1,25(OH)2D and 24,25(OH)2D, principally in the kidney. The best studied target tissues for the vitamin D metabolites are bone, kidney, and intestine. However, the list of additional potential target tissues is expanding and includes muscle, endocrine pancreas, parathyroid gland, pituitary, and skin. Disorders of the vitamin D endocrine system can be categorized into three groups: decreased bioavailability, abnormal metabolism, and aberrant target tissue response. A number of illustrative examples for each category have been discussed. Primary biliary cirrhosis typifies the problem of vitamin D malabsorption and disrupted enterohepatic circulation; chronic renal failure is the most devastating problem of vitamin D metabolism; and vitamin D dependent rickets type II is the best example of aberrant target tissue response. However, certain disorders overlap these distinct categories. Others, such as the nephrotic syndrome, which leads to urinary losses of the vitamin D metabolites (presumably bound to DBP), are not readily categorized. Nevertheless, an understanding of the level at which the vitamin D endocrine system is perturbed by any given disorder provides a rational basis for therapeutic intervention. PMID- 7041550 TI - Measurement of right atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures and cardiac output: clinical application of hemodynamic monitoring. PMID- 7041551 TI - Noninvasive diagnosis of arterial disease. PMID- 7041552 TI - Adverse pulmonary reactions to transfusion. PMID- 7041553 TI - Cis-platinum in the treatment of testicular and other cancers. PMID- 7041554 TI - Acquired aplastic anemias: pathophysiology and treatment. PMID- 7041555 TI - Diabetes insipidus and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). PMID- 7041556 TI - Infant botulism. PMID- 7041557 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux in children. AB - Information accumulated in recent years has provided answers to some, but not all, of the questions related to reflux. The various clinical presentations of GER are well described, and its natural history, especially in young childhood, is known. A number of tests to detect reflux have been adapted for children, and there has been good standardization in the performance of these tests. Criteria for diagnosis of GER are quite accurate, although consensus as to how extensive an evaluation is needed has not yet been reached. Medical therapy for reflux is reasonably effective. A number of surgical procedures have negligible morbidity and are very effective in controlling reflux. In spite of these advances, a number of areas require further study. Development of methods that clearly allow one to show a causal relation between GER and respiratory symptoms is an area of major importance. Development of criteria that would quickly identify those patients who would not benefit from a prolonged course of medical therapy would allow one to avoid the perpetuation of symptoms associated with ineffective medical therapy. Recent studies of the use of medication to prevent reflux open an exciting new vista. In view of recent studies demonstrating changes in gastric motility in adult patients with reflux, studies designed to further explore this area are indicated. If one could determine whether the therapeutic effect of bethanechol chloride and metocolpramide are related to esophageal or gastric effects, more effective drug therapy for GER might be devised. PMID- 7041558 TI - Some health care needs of young athletes. PMID- 7041559 TI - Clinical uses of transcutaneous oxygen monitoring. PMID- 7041560 TI - Anatomical asymmetries in the adult and developing brain and their implications for function. PMID- 7041561 TI - The somatomedins. PMID- 7041562 TI - Lymphadenopathy in children. PMID- 7041563 TI - Current trends in the treatment of self-injurious behavior. AB - This chapter attempted to outline current trends and recent advances in the treatment of SIB. The major focus has been on the behavioral techniques, since it was obvious that at this stage other approaches have little to offer either diagnostically or therapeutically. It was pointed out, however, that these approaches and drug therapy in particular need further investigation before their role in the treatment of SIB can be adequately assessed. This chapter critically evaluated the current behavioral approaches in some depth and advanced several recommendations for future work. The general impression gained from current research is that significant advances have been made in the last decade in our understanding of the problem and that a small number of well-controlled studies have shown that SIB in certain children can be controlled for up to three years. Yet a concerted research effort is required to overcome the methodological problems that appeared with disconcerting regularity in most of this research. It is sobering to note that no current prevalence studies of SIB report a major decline in the prevalence of SIB in pediatric populations despite our current ability to provide some form of meaningful treatment. PMID- 7041564 TI - The vitamin K-dependent proteins. AB - A new class of proteins has emerged, the so-called vitamin K-dependent calcium binding proteins, which are uniquely characterized by the presence of alpha carboxyglutamic acid residues. These proteins have been identified in a variety of tissues and body fluids. The specialized nature of calcium binding by Gla residues promotes protein phospholipid interaction, which is important not only in blood coagulation but in many tissue processes involving calcium metabolism. What role other than the blood coagulation mechanism the vitamin K reaction may play in diseases in children is still unclear. PMID- 7041565 TI - Teenage pregnancy. AB - The pediatrician's role in teenage pregnancy is multifaceted. The problem is a sociologic phenomenon with medical consequences. The pregnant teenager actually represents three patients: the mother, the baby, and the adolescent herself. Prepregnancy nutrition can be improved through pediatric education and advice. Sex education can be improved through the advocacy of pediatricians, who can discuss postponing parenthood until the end of adolescence with many of their patients. Services to prevent pregnancy can be offered by pediatricians. Unfortunately, in Oklahoma it is illegal to dispense contraceptives to minors without parental consent. Pediatricians should work to gain acceptance of laws modeled after the American Academy of Pediatrics' health care for minors policy. Lastly, support services to promote proper parenthood and establishment of families can be developed with pediatric input. The entire problem must be viewed in the context of current social patterns, an understanding of adolescent development, the significance of peer pressures, and the biological changes that make it possible for children to bear children. PMID- 7041566 TI - Carbohydrates in pediatric nutrition--consumption, digestibility, and disease. PMID- 7041567 TI - The Charles Bonnet syndrome and the problem of visual perceptual disorders in the elderly. AB - The literature, classical and modern, on visual perceptual disturbances in the elderly is reviewed. The utility of the concept of the Charles Bonnet Syndrome, an eponym originally coined to describe visual hallucinations in the elderly in the absence of cognitive impairment and peripheral ophthalmopathy, is challenged, particularly as the syndrome has become progressively enlarged. Three representative cases of elderly patients who have developed different types of visual perceptual disturbances are described. It is proposed to undertake a systematic study of the frequency of such disturbances in the elderly and of what other pathologies, particularly cognitive and visual, may be associated with them. PMID- 7041568 TI - Effect of synthetic PAF-acether on human neutrophil function. AB - Synthetic PAF-acether was studied for its effect on human neutrophil migration and secretion. Based on checkerboard analysis, the factor is chemokinetic for neutrophils, but it also enhances ECF-stimulated chemotaxis. By itself, PAF acether does not induce ECF or beta-glucuronidase secretion from neutrophils, but it causes a dose-dependent enhancement of release in the presence of zymosan. PAF acether thus potentially modulates neutrophil functions during inflammatory events. PMID- 7041569 TI - Neutropenia induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) released from neutrophils: the inhibitory effect of prostacyclin (PGI2). AB - Soluble and phagocytic stimuli released PAF-acether from PMN leucocytes, as determined by chromatography and bioassay by platelet aggregation. The same material caused aggregation of human and rabbit PMN leucocytes in vitro which was inhibited by ETYA and PGI2. PGI2 also inhibited PAF-acether release by PMN leucocytes and, in vivo, PGI2 abolished not only PAF-acether-induced, but also immune complex or C5a-induced thrombocytopenia and neutropenia in rabbits. These data suggest that PAF-acether may be involved in activation of both platelets and PMN leucocytes in vivo. PMID- 7041570 TI - Fluid flow studies on vascular endothelium cultured on microporous membranes. AB - We have designed a two compartment system in which upper and lower compartments are separated by a monolayer of vascular endothelial cells grown on a porous membrane. The culture of pig aortic endothelial cells and their growth to confluence on porous PTFE membranes is described, and the principal characteristics of membrane-cultured cells are compared with those of similar cells cultured on solid surfaces. A decrease in fluid flow across the membrane cultured cells was associated with their growth to apparent confluence: from low levels, fluid flow could be increased markedly by altering the environmental temperature of the cells. The possible uses and limitations of such a system in the interpretation of the role of endothelial cells in selective transport and compartmentation of fluids and cellular components of the blood are discussed. PMID- 7041571 TI - Antimalarial activity of cyclosporin A. AB - Cyclosporin A has been shown to possess antimalarial activity in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK 65 or Plasmodium chabaudi. Significant antimalarial effects were obtained with five daily oral doses of 25 mg/kg. Cyclosporin A treatment started concurrently with the inoculation of parasites was less effective than treatment started when parasitaemia was already established. Evidence so far suggests that the antimalarial action results from a direct toxic effect on the parasite. Combined treatment with Cyclosporin A and Pyrimethamine indicated that the two compounds may act synergistically. PMID- 7041572 TI - [An infected lower jaw fracture treated with gentamycin acrylic cement beads]. PMID- 7041574 TI - Schools and classes for the deaf in the United States. PMID- 7041575 TI - Supportive and rehabilitation programs and services. PMID- 7041573 TI - In vivo DNP tolerance induction by DNP-ficoll. AB - The kinetics of tolerance induction by administration of two different doses of DNP78-Ficoll on the anti-DNP IgM immune response in AJ mice was studied. The tolerogenic effects of 100 microgram of DNP78-Ficoll begin earlier and last longer than those of 10 microgram of DNP78-Ficoll as determined by the development of direct anti-DNP plaque-forming cells in the spleen and anti-DNP antibody titers in serum. In cell-transfer experiment, DNP tolerance was unstable. Transfer experiments did not produce detectable tolerogenic factors in serum. Antigen-antibody complexes, that tend to produce local suppressor effects, are discussed as mediators of tolerance. PMID- 7041576 TI - Roster of educators of the deaf 1982. PMID- 7041577 TI - Research programs and services. PMID- 7041578 TI - Diabetes in pregnancy. PMID- 7041579 TI - Beneficial hemorheologic therapy of chronic peripheral arterial disorders with pentoxifylline: results of double-blind study versus vasodilator-nylidrin. AB - Pentoxifylline (Trental 400 mg coated tablets) and nylidrin HCl 3 mg were compared for clinical efficacy and safety in an 8-week randomized double-blind trial. The study was conducted in patients with peripheral arterial disease (Fontaine stage II or III), with 30 patients receiving pentoxifylline (23 returned for follow-up), and 30 patients receiving nylidrin HCl (24 returned for follow-up). Efficacy was assessed objectively in terms of walking performance (absolute walking time and walking distance on a treadmill ergometer) and by acral plethysmography. The clear improvement shown for both variables was greater and statistically significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) after treatment with pentoxifylline. Laboratory data provided no evidence to suggest any adverse effect of either treatment. Subjective side effects were reported by six patients in the pentoxifylline group and by three patients in the nylidrin HCl group. PMID- 7041580 TI - Literary perceptions of pharmacists from Shakespeare to Heinrich Boll. PMID- 7041581 TI - Legal aspects of fraud. PMID- 7041582 TI - Renin, the heart and hypertension. PMID- 7041583 TI - Effect of infused captopril on blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system in normal dogs subjected to varying sodium balance. AB - Infusion of captopril at 20, 200, 2,000 and 6,000 micrograms/kg/hour into sodium depleted conscious dogs produced a rapid, dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure and plasma angiotensin II and III, maximal suppression being achieved at 200 micrograms/kg/hour (97 +/- 14 to 65 +/- 8 [standard deviation] mm Hg, 38 +/- 10.6 to 3.2 +/- 1.5 pmol/liter and 7.0 +/- 4.8 to 1 +/- 0.5 pmol/liter, respectively). Angiotensin I concentration increased with each infusion rate to a maximal 16-fold increase at 6,000 micrograms/kg/hour (26 to 416 pmol/liter). For all infusion rates the percentage decrease in blood pressure correlated with the percentage decrease in plasma angiotensin II (r = 0.65, p less than 0.001). Infusion of captopril at 6,000 micrograms/kg/hour into sodium-loaded dogs also produced a decrease in both blood pressure (117 +/- 9 to 96.6 +/- 11 mm Hg) and plasma angiotension II (11.0 +/- 3 to 1.6 +/- 1.3 pmol/liter). Plasma aldosterone concentrations decreased whereas both blood angiotensin I and renin concentration increased. In another experiment angiotensin II was infused at 2, 6, 18 and 54 ng/kg/min into sodium-depleted dogs firstly without modification and secondly combined with captopril (6,000 micrograms/kg/hour) given for 1 hour before the angiotensin dose-response study and continued throughout. Angiotensin II infusion raised mean arterial pressure and plasma angiotensin II in each animal. However, the angiotensin II blood pressure dose-response curve was shifted downwards and to the right in the captopril-treated animals. These results suggest that arterial pressure and aldosterone secretion in normal dogs are partly dependent on the renin-angiotensin system but that not all of the acute decrease in blood pressure produced by captopril can be explained by the suppression of the acute vasoconstrictor effect of circulating angiotensin II. PMID- 7041584 TI - Comparison of the hormonal and renal effects of captopril in severe essential and renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7041585 TI - Captopril in the management of hypertension with renal artery stenosis: its long term effect as a predictor of surgical outcome. AB - Fifteen patients with hypertension and unilateral renal artery disease were treated with captopril alone; 10 came to operation and were later assessed postoperatively with no drug treatment. Captopril caused both immediate and sustained decreases in plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone, with increases in plasma active renin and blood angiotensin I concentrations. Decrements in systolic and diastolic pressure 2 hours after the first dose of captopril were closely correlated with the initial decreases in plasma angiotensin II. Blood pressure was decreased by long-term captopril therapy irrespective of whether plasma angiotensin II was abnormally high before treatment. The long-term response of both systolic and diastolic pressure correlated well with the response to surgery. By contrast, the blood pressure decrease 2 hours after the initial dose of captopril variously underestimated and overestimated the decrease during prolonged use of the drug and did not relate to surgical outcome. In patients who, before treatment, had secondary aldosteronism, hyponatremia, hypokalemia and sodium and potassium deficiency, captopril corrected these abnormalities. In the remaining patients, long-term captopril therapy did not alter exchangeable sodium, plasma sodium or total body potassium, although plasma potassium levels increased. PMID- 7041586 TI - Clinical experience with captopril in the treatment of severe drug-resistant hypertension. AB - Thirty-three patients aged 12 to 77 years with severe hypertension uncontrolled on maximal combination therapy (mean arterial pressure on treatment 149 +/- 4 mm Hg) were treated with captopril, 45 to 450 mg daily for up to 30 months. Renovascular lesions were present in 11 and other renal disease in a further 15, of whom 8 had undergone renal transplantation. Good control (mean blood pressure less than 110 mm Hg) was achieved in 11 patients and moderate control (mean blood pressure 110 to 130 mm Hg) in 13. Captopril was given with a diuretic agent in 13 patients, with a diuretic agent and a beta-adrenoreceptor blocker in 13, and with three or more other agents in 7, of whom 4 had undergone renal transplantation. Side effects of rash, fever and gastrointestinal symptoms were observed, but there were no adverse effects on renal function or leukocyte counts. Severe hyperkalemia (potassium level greater than 6.0 mmol/liter) occurred in four patients despite the use of furosemide and low potassium diet. There was no significant correlation between the long-term hypotensive response and the initial decrease in blood pressure during captopril therapy. PMID- 7041587 TI - Hemodynamic effects of captopril in patients with severe chronic heart failure. AB - The hemodynamic effects of captopril (SQ 14225), an oral inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme, were measured in 10 patients with severe chronic heart failure poorly controlled by digitalis and diuretics. After administration of a 25 mg dose, the cardiac index increased from 1.82 +/- 0.14 to 2.28 +/- 0.30 liters/min/m2 (p less than 0.05) while pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from 22.7 +/- 2.0 to 14.7 +/- 4.7 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). Mean blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance decreased from 85.7 +/- 6.7 to 71.2 +/- 12.0 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) and from 1,909 +/- 246 to 1,362 +/- 347 dynes-s cm5 (p less than 0.001), respectively. Heart rate did not change significantly. There was an inverse relation between maximal augmentation in cardiac index and maximal reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = -0.82, p less than 0.01). While most patients demonstrated a constant hemodynamic benefit after repeated administration of captopril, some exhibited a triphasic response with attenuation of effects after the second dose and restoration of effects after the third dose. These hemodynamic benefits were observed in patients with stable chronic heart failure whose plasma renin activity was within normal range (1.1 to 7.3 ng/ml/hour). PMID- 7041588 TI - Direct renal action of captopril (SQ 14225): dissociation of natriuretic and vascular actions in isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - Direct effects of captopril on renal function were examined in isolated perfused rat kidneys. Captopril induced a significant increase in urinary volume and urinary sodium excretion (1.8- and 1.7-fold, respectively; both p less than 0.005), whereas urinary potassium excretion and renovascular resistance were not significantly changed. Because the perfusion medium lacks angiotensinogen, kininogen and aldosterone, the natriuretic action in perfused kidneys may not be related to its inhibitory action on angiotensin I converting enzyme or kininase II. Because the natriuresis was not accompanied by changes in renovascular resistance, it is suggested that captopril possesses a direct natriuretic action and that this property may partly explain the mechanism of captopril-induced natriuresis clinically observed. PMID- 7041589 TI - Changes of the intralymphocytic sodium concentration after acute and chronic captopril administration. AB - The effect of captopril on intralymphocytic sodium concentration in hypertensive subjects was studied. After acute and chronic treatment the intralymphocytic sodium content decreased. The possibility is discussed that a similar decrease might also occur in smooth muscle cells, thus enhancing the hypotensive effect of captopril. PMID- 7041590 TI - Effects of captopril on prostaglandin and natriuresis in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The antihypertensive, renal and hormonal effects of captopril were studied in 10 patients with essential hypertension. Captopril significantly decreased arterial blood pressure with a concomitant increase in glomerular filtration rate, natriuresis and kaliuresis and a significant selective increase in urinary (renal) prostaglandin E2; other plasma and urinary prostaglandin (F2 alpha, 6 keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha; thromboxane B2) were not significantly changed. The urinary prostaglandin E2 increase was observed even in patients with pretreatment subnormal prostaglandin E2 excretion. Increases in urinary prostaglandin E2 were significantly positively correlated with increases in urinary sodium concentration. It is concluded that the antihypertensive effect of captopril is mediated, at least partially, by prostaglandin E2 release from renal and extrarenal tissues. Captopril enhances natriuresis at a lower perfusion pressure. PMID- 7041591 TI - Mechanism of the blood pressure and renal hemodynamic effects of captopril. AB - THis study was designed to investigate the mechanisms of captopril's chronic effect on arterial pressure and renal function. In dogs maintained on high sodium intake (250 mEq/day), 6 days of captopril infusion caused no change in arterial pressure, renal hemodynamics, sodium excretion or plasma aldosterone concentration. Infusion of captopril for 7 days also caused no significant changes in arterial pressure or renal function in dogs made hypertensive by chronic infusion of angiotensin II and high sodium intake, a model of hypertension in which plasma renin activity is undetectable and prostaglandin and bradykinin formation may be elevated. In dogs maintained on low sodium intake, chronic infusion of captopril decreased arterial pressure and plasma aldosterone concentration markedly while increasing effective renal plasma flow. Infusion of aldosterone (200 micrograms/day) for 8 days during captopril infusion restored plasma aldosterone concentration but did not significantly change arterial pressure or renal function, indicating that decreased plasma aldosterone concentration did not play a major role in the hypertensive and renal effects of captopril. However, angiotensin II infusion (10 ng/kg/min) for 8 days during captopril infusion restored arterial pressure, plasma aldosterone concentration and renal function toward control levels. These data suggest that the effects of captopril on arterial pressure, renal hemodynamics and electrolyte excretion are mediated primarily by decreased angiotensin II formation. PMID- 7041592 TI - Captopril attenuates pressor responses to norepinephrine and vasopressin through depletion of endogenous angiotensin II. AB - The influence of captopril on pressor responses to exogenously administered vasopressor substances was investigated in normal subjects. Norepinephrine (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 micrograms/kg . min -1; n = 5), angiotensin II (5, 10 and 20 ng/kg . min -1; n = 5) and vasopressin (2 mU/kg . min -1; n = 5) were infused each for 10 minutes; each infusion was repeated twice. Captopril (50 mg orally) significantly attenuated the pressor response to norepinephrine (0.1 [p less than 0.05], 0.2 [p less than 0.01] micrograms/kg . min -1; n = 7) and to vasopressin (p less than 0.01, n = 5), but not to angiotensin II; these responses were reproducible. Attenuation of the pressor responses to norepinephrine did not occur when a subpressor dose of angiotensin II (ng/kg . min-1) was infused in addition to captopril (n = 5). Infusion of a subpressor dose of bradykinin (0.1 ng/kg . min 1) had no influence on the pressor responses to norepinephrine (n = 5). In the five subjects treated with indomethacin (225 mg/54 hours) captopril still attenuated the pressor responses to norepinephrine. These results suggest that the attenuation by captopril of the pressor responses to norepinephrine and vasopressin might have been due to reduction of endogenous angiotensin II. PMID- 7041593 TI - Evidence for postsynaptic effect of captopril in isolated perfused rabbit kidney. AB - The influence of captopril (SQ 14225) on the vascular and norepinephrine releasing responses to nerve stimulation (2, 5 and 10 Hz) was assessed in isolated blood-free perfused rabbit kidney. At a concentration of 0.23 and 0.46 mM in the perfusion medium, captopril markedly attenuated the vasoconstrictor response but did not influence the release of norepinephrine produced by nerve stimulation. These results suggest that captopril may act as an alpha-antagonist at a postjunctional level. PMID- 7041594 TI - Role of sympathetic nervous system activity in the blood pressure response to long-term captopril therapy in severely hypertensive patients. AB - Twenty severely hypertensive subjects who did not achieve blood pressure control with combination therapy with a vasodilator, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent and a diuretic received the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. Marked decreases in blood pressure were observed immediately. Achievement of sustained reductions in blood pressure into the normal range for up to 3 years of follow-up required the addition of a diuretic in all patients and of a beta-adrenergic blocking agent in half. As expected, significant increases in plasma renin activity and decreases in plasma aldosterone were seen initially and sustained throughout the study. Plasma and urinary norepinephrine levels, which were markedly increased before captopril treatment, decreased significantly and remained low for the duration of study. These observations suggest a link between the renal pressor and sympathetic systems which may be involved in the pathophysiology of severe, treatment-resistant hypertension, and suggest that part of the antihypertensive action of captopril may be related to a decrease in sympathetic activity secondary to its interference with the generation of angiotensin II. PMID- 7041595 TI - Effects of meclofenamate and captopril on adrenal blood flow: contrasts in conscious rabbits at rest and after hemorrhage. AB - The role of prostaglandins and angiotensin II or kinins in maintaining adrenal blood flow was studied using the prostaglandin cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor meclofenamate and the kininase inhibitor captopril in resting and hemorrhaged (10 ml/kg) conscious rabbits. Meclofenamate (6 mg/kg intravenously) reduced adrenal blood flow after 3, 15 and 30 minutes by 26, 28 and 17 percent, respectively. Captopril increased adrenal flow by 20 percent, an effect subsequently reversed by meclofenamate. In contrast, hemorrhaged rabbits maintained adrenal blood flow following meclofenamate and captopril despite substantial reductions in renal blood flow with meclofenamate given before and after captopril. It is concluded that (1) adrenal blood flow at rest is modulated by vasodilator prostaglandins and to a lesser extent angiotensin II or bradykinin. (2) The adrenal effects of meclofenamate and captopril are overriden by hemorrhage, perhaps reflecting the need to increase adrenal hormones during hypovolemic stress. (3) The decrease in plasma catecholamines seen with meclofenamate at rest may be due to reduced adrenal blood flow. PMID- 7041596 TI - Active and inactive renin after a single dose of captopril in hypertensive patients. AB - In 25 hypertensive patients (15 with renal artery stenosis and 10 with essential hypertension), captopril, in a single 12.5 mg dose, caused a prompt decrease in arterial pressure without changing the heart rate. Plasma active and trypsin activated renin significantly increases, whereas inactive renin and plasma aldosterone decreased. The plasma active/inactive renin ratio was also increased, suggesting that captopril, together with a release of active renin, may induce an in vivo activation of inactive renin. No correlations were found between blood pressure changes and both pretreatment and captopril-induced variations of active, inactive and trypsin-activated renin or the active/inactive ratio. However, the percent decrease in mean arterial pressure was significantly related to the increase in the active/inactive renin ratio in a group of patients whose blood pressure was brought to normal (r = -0.78; p less than 0.001). This finding suggests the possibility that vasodilating substances, in addition to inhibiting angiotensin II formation, might play some role both in exerting a full effect of captopril on blood pressure and in triggering the in vivo mechanisms of inactive renin activation. PMID- 7041597 TI - Antihypertensive effects of captopril and saralasin in essential and renal hypertension. AB - The antihypertensive effect of captopril and its mechanism of action were studied in patients with essential and renal hypertension. In mild essential hypertension (n = 12), during monotherapy with captopril (50 to 450 mg, 4 to 12 weeks) blood pressure was normalized in seven, improved in two and remained unchanged in three patients, plasma levels of active and acid-activatable inactive renin significantly increased and angiotensin II decreased, whereas no consistent changes in urinary kallikrein excretion occurred. In severe renal (n = 14) and essential (n = 9) hypertension, blood pressure was normalized in eight (seven with renal hypertension), improved in seven and unchanged in eight patients, when captopril (50 to 450 mg, 3 to 15 months) was added to the antihypertensive medication. In one patient with stenosis in a transplanted renal artery reversible renal failure occurred during captopril therapy possibly because of a steep initial decrease in blood pressure, although a toxic effect of the drug cannot be excluded. In another series of 12 renal and 8 essential hypertensive patients, a significant correlation between the acute effect of captopril (within 90 minutes) an saralasin on blood pressure was demonstrated (r=0.71, p less than 0.001). The change in blood pressure after either drug was significantly related to the initial plasma renin concentration. In conclusion, captopril seems to be an effective antihypertensive agent in essential and renal hypertension. Renal function should be monitored during captopril therapy. Our studies suggest that captopril decreases blood pressure by inhibiting the vasopressor action of the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 7041598 TI - Increase in plasma aldosterone during prolonged captopril treatment. AB - Plasma aldosterone concentration was measured in seven patients before and during long-term angiotensin II suppression with captopril. Plasma aldosterone decreased initially from 62 to 9 pg/ml (p less than 0.01) after 1 month of captopril administration. Thereafter, it began to increase and after 1 year reached a level of 163 pg/ml, which significantly (p less than 0.01) exceeded the pretreatment value. During long-term captopril therapy, plasma renin activity remained elevated and plasma angiotensin II concentration suppressed. The mechanism responsible for the late increase in plasma aldosterone during long-term angiotensin II suppression with captopril remains to be elucidated. Body weight decreased initially, parallel to plasma aldosterone increase, but after 6 months increased again to reach its pretreatment level after 1 year. Nevertheless a sizable and lasting hypotensive effect was observed in all patients. PMID- 7041599 TI - Comparison of antihypertensive and hormonal effects of captopril and propranolol at rest and during exercise. AB - Captopril and propranolol were given alone and in combination to 13 hypertensive men and the effects studied at rest (seated, supine and standing) and during exercise. The two drugs were equipotent at rest, and individual patients showed similar blood pressure responses to the two drugs. Both produced slight reduction of urinary aldosterone; when given in combination, both blood pressure and aldosterone were further reduced. During exercise the increase in blood pressure was unaffected by captopril but reduced by propranolol, and there was no correlation between individual responses to the two drugs. It is concluded that the similar effects of the two drugs on resting blood pressure are consistent with their effects on the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 7041600 TI - Hemodynamic response to captopril at rest and during exercise in hypertensive patients. PMID- 7041601 TI - Effects of captopril on renal function in hypertensive patients. AB - The effects of captopril (SQ 14225) on renal function were studied in 10 hypertensive patients. After 7 weeks of treatment (75 to 500 mg/day) renal plasma flow was practically unchanged and glomerular filtration rate was only slightly decreased despite a significant decrease in blood pressure. All indexes of glomerular capillary permeability and of tubular anatomic integrity remained normal during the treatment period. PMID- 7041602 TI - Effect of captopril on renal function in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The glomerular filtration rate (creatinine clearance), glomerular permeability (qualitative and quantitative proteinuria), tubular reabsorption (k-lambda chains of immunoglobulins and lysozyme) and indexes of tubular cell lysis (alpha glucosidase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase) were measured in the urine of 10 patients with moderate, uncomplicated essential hypertension during placebo therapy and after captopril given at increasing doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg twice daily, the first three doses being given for 3 days and the last one for 4 weeks in all patients and for an additional 6 months in 5 patients. During placebo therapy, proteinuria was absent in eight patients and detectable (glomerular and selective) in two; selective proteinuria appeared in two and a decrease in selectivity was observed in two patients with previous proteinuria after 4 weeks of captopril therapy. No proteinuria was detectable in the five patients followed up to 6 months, not even in the one in whom a decrease in glomerular selectivity had occurred after 4 weeks. The glomerular filtration rate was unchanged as were lysozyme and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase values, while light chains were always undetectable. Alpha-glucosidase showed some increase; however, increments were transient and always much lower than those observed with known tubular toxic drugs. These data show that under our experimental conditions captopril caused no evident changes in glomerular and tubular function. PMID- 7041603 TI - Distribution and identity of the earliest proliferating progeny of colony-forming cells in regenerating murine spleen and bone marrow. AB - A study was made of the sites of development and the types of cells found in very early hemopoietic colonies in the mouse spleen. Two, 3, and 4 days after transplantation, the proliferating descendants of transplanted bone-marrow cells were identified on radioautographs of spleen sections and on spleen and bone marrow smears of supralethally irradiated recipient mice which were injected with 3H-TdR at 12, 6, and 0.5 hours before sacrifice. Surprisingly the spleens of nontransplanted, irradiated mice contained proliferating medium and large lymphocytes in the white pulp which increased in numbers during the observation period. The early descendants of transplanted cells that lodged in the spleen could be clearly distinguished from the labeled indigenous cells because they formed discrete nodules or colonies beneath the splenic capsule or in the vicinity of venules and trabeculae of the red pulp. These cells were identifiable on day 2 as transitional cells or unknown hemopoietic blasts and on day 4 included early erythroid cells and small lymphocytes. There was evidence for the traffic of 3H-TdR-labeled cells through the splenic sinusoids. PMID- 7041604 TI - An immunocytochemical study of the cytogenesis of pancreatic endocrine cells in the lizard, Anolis carolinensis. AB - The differentiation of the pancreatic endocrine cells in the lizard Anolis carolinensis following oviposition was examined. Immediately postoviposition (PO) there was no apparent differentiation of epithelioid cells into endocrine or exocrine components. Individual subpopulations of the endocrine-like cells, which could not be identified during the early PO period on the basis of either their tinctorial properties at the light-microscopic level or their granule morphologies at the electron-microscopic level, exhibited specific hormonal localization by peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex immunocytochemistry. All four hormones searched for, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), were present in epithelioid cells shortly after oviposition. However, the immunostained secretory granules in the early PO period were smaller than those of the adult. Secretory granule morphologies that are typical of the adult were acquired at different times during development. Delta granules were observed first and were followed by alpha granules, and beta granules which appeared shortly before birth. The secretory granules of the PP-containing F cells could not be readily placed within this maturation sequence. Mosaic cells (containing more than one hormone) were not seen. Levels of immunoreactive insulin and glucagon in the pancreas increased several fold from day 10 to day 28 PO, but the attainment of adult beta-granule morphologies did not appear to be directly related to insulin itself. The results show that cytodifferentiation of the anolian endocrine pancreas occurs postoviposition and that immunocytochemical methods can be used to follow an organelle sequence during development. These findings suggest that subcellular organelles undergo structural remodeling during maturation which, at least in the case of secretory granules, may have functional significance. PMID- 7041605 TI - Shakespeare on hypnosis: the Tempest. PMID- 7041606 TI - Chromium and insulin in young subjects with normal glucose tolerance. AB - In a group of 20 college subjects, the fasting serum chromium level was found to correlate with the fasting serum insulin level (r = 0.512, p less than 0.05), with the percentage of ideal body weight (r = 0.637, p less than 0.01), and with the triceps skinfold thickness (r = 0.525, p less than 0.02). The relative chromium response at insulin peak was inversely correlated with the total insulin (r = -0.451, p less than 0.05) as well as with the ratio of the total insulin to the total glucose (r = -0.554, p less than 0.02). In order to examine the close relationship between chromium and insulin, the 20 subjects were divided into age- and sex-matched lower insulin secretors and higher insulin secretors based on individuals' total insulin levels calculated as the sum of six measurements in microunits/ml during a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test. The 10 subjects in LI had total insulin levels less than 500, and the 10 subjects in HI had total insulin levels equal to or greater than 500. The means (+/- SEM) of total insulin for LI and HI were 354 +/- 39 and 740 +/- 46, respectively (p less than 0.001). The relative chromium response was significantly higher in LI than that in HI (198.0 +/- 31.0% and 76.2 +/- 18.0%, respectively; p less than 0.005); and the ratio of the total insulin to the total glucose was significantly lower in LI than that in HI (0.585 +/- 0.067 and 1.286 +/- 0.094, respectively; p less than 0.001). PMID- 7041607 TI - Calcium bioavailability and absorption: a review. PMID- 7041608 TI - Combined immunomorphological examination of epon-embedded human kidney biopsies: a comparative study between cryostat, paraffin and consecutive epon-embedded sections for detection and localization of immune deposits. AB - Immunomorphologic analysis of glomerulopathies in human kidney biopsies can be achieved in sections embedded in Epon. Formalin fixation followed by protease treatment of the tissue before dehydration and embedding are the essential steps in the incubation method which permit the detection of both immunoglobulins and complement (C3). The sections can be used for comparative light, phase contrast, and electron microscopic examination. This method is superior to paraffin and methacrylate embedding techniques for detailed immunomorphology. PMID- 7041610 TI - Clinical and laboratory efficiency of rapid screening urine cultures by nephelometry. AB - Urine cultures represent 40-50% of specimens processed by hospital clinical microbiology laboratories. An accurate rapid screening method to detect positive urine cultures could greatly improve laboratory efficiency. Three hundred eighty two unselected urines were screened by nephelometry at 2, 4, and 5 hours of shaking and incubation in Autobac cuvettes. Results were compared in parallel with standard quantitative-loop plate cultures of the same specimens. Fifty-eight of the 382 specimens showed significant positive (greater than or equal to 10(5) CFU/ml) standard plate cultures. Fifty-four of the 58 were positive at 4 hours by the nephelometric method (sensitivity 93%, 7% false negatives). Plate cultures of the four false negative specimens grew greater than 10(5) CFU/ml Candida (two specimens), Staphylococcus epidermidis or diphtheroids (one specimen each) and represented colonization or contamination without evidence of infection. For 324 specimens negative by plate culture, nephelometry was negative in 287 (89% specificity or 11% false positives). Overall predictive value of a negative test was 99%. Results were comparable for clean-voided or catheterized specimens. The rapid nephelometric urine culture method gave significant savings of material and time. PMID- 7041609 TI - Patterns of IgA deposition in liver tissues in alcoholic liver disease. AB - Observations in 136 liver biopsies from patients with alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver diseases reveal that IgA deposition in liver tissues appears to have a high degree of morphologic specificity for alcohol injury. Using a direct immunofluorescence technic with fluorescein-conjugated anti-IgG, anti-IgA, anti IgM, and anti-C1q, four different staining patterns are recognized. These are labelled as "continuous," "discontinuous," "granular," and "pericellular" types depending on their morphologic characteristics and distribution patterns. Fifty of 64 biopsies from alcoholics showed a "continuous" pattern of anti-IgA activity while only three of 72 biopsies from nonalcoholics showed a similar pattern (P less than 0.001). A "pericellular" pattern of anti-IgA activity appears to indicate a more aggressive behavior of alcoholic liver disease. "Continuous" and "pericellular" patterns are seen in "chronic active hepatitis of alcoholics" but not in chronic active hepatitis in nonalcoholics. Anti-IgM activity appears to indicate chronicity of the disease process but does not have any specificity. PMID- 7041611 TI - Demonstration of myoglobin in formalin-fixed renal sections by immunoperoxidase technic. AB - The use of an immunohistochemical technic offers a very sensitive method to detect myoglobin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Thus, the technic is suitable for retrospective studies. Myoglobin can be demonstrated at the brush border and apical cytoplasm of the tubular epithelium of proximal tubules. Granular substances and casts in the lumens also react positively with antimyoglobin. Our findings confirm the results of a previous animal study, showing that myoglobin is filtered through glomeruli and reabsorbed by the proximal tubules. PMID- 7041612 TI - Routine subcultures shown to be unnecessary in radiometric detection of bacteremia using three media. AB - A study to determine the necessity of routine blind subcultures when using the radiometric BACTEC-460 instrument for detection of bacteremia was conducted. In the first phase, blind subcultures were performed on day 10 of incubation; in the second phase, blind subcultures were performed on day 4; in the final phase the subculture was performed on day one. During the study, 6,208 blood cultures from 2,455 patients were inoculated into three different culture media. There were 454 microbial isolates recovered, including 269 presumed pathogenic isolates. The single significant discrepancy between blind subculture and radiometric detection was a case of Staphylococcus epidermidis septicemia in which the organism was detected 48 hours earlier by blind subculture. There were no cultures in which significant bacterial isolates were detected by blind subcultures but not radiometrically. Thus, under the conditions of this study, routine blind subcultures are not necessary when using the BACTEC radiometric system for detection of bacteremia. PMID- 7041613 TI - Immune complex glomerulonephritis and dermal vasculitis following intestinal bypass for morbid obesity. AB - A kidney and skin biopsy were performed on a patient who developed cryoglobulinemia, polyarthritis, a purpuric skin rash, and acute renal failure four years following jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. Morphologic studies revealed a diffuse glomerulonephritis characterized by the presence of numerous subendothelial deposits containing IgG, IgA, C3, Clq, C4, and properdin, and an acute dermal vasculitis associated with similar immune complex deposits. Identical immunoglobulin and complement components were present in the cryoglobulin. In addition, both the cryoglobulin and a renal biopsy eluate containing anti-IgG antibody and antibody against Klebsiella pneumoniae which were present in the patient's stool in large numbers. Combined therapy with steroids and chloramphenicol resulted in marked improvement in the patient's arthritis, skin rash, and renal function. The findings indicate that glomerulonephritis and dermal vasculitis due to the deposition of bacterial antigen-antibacterial antibody complexes may occur as part of a systemic immune complex disease complicating small intestinal bypass. PMID- 7041614 TI - Potential for error. PMID- 7041615 TI - H. P. SmIth Award lecture. Tumor pathologIsts I have known. PMID- 7041616 TI - Discovery of a high affinity of Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (PHA) with gastrin secreting cells. AB - A lectin, Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (PHA), isolated from the red kidney bean, was found to have a very high affinity with gastrin-secreting cells (G cells). The unique PHA-G cell interaction is confirmed by (1) G cell reaction only with PHA, not with other lectins, and (2) PHA reaction with G cells but not with other endocrine cells. The authors concluded that gastrin-secreting cells are composed of a large quantity of galactose-N-acetyl-glucose-manose-containing glycoconjugates. The significance of this glyco-conjugate in G cells is not ascertained. The use of a PHA histochemical technic may well be suitable to study the carbohydrate (or pathophysiological) changes in G cells. PMID- 7041617 TI - Peanut agglutinin: a new marker for tissue histiocytes. AB - The histiocyte (macrophage) is a unique cellular constituent of the immune system which is involved in immune and non-immune cellular reactions, as well as in the genesis of a variety of benign and malignant neoplasms. The ability to distinguish histiocytes from similar appearing cells morphologically, is often difficult, yet may be of considerable practical and theoretical importance. The present study describes a new marker for histiocytes, applicable to routinely processed tissues. An immunoperoxidase procedure to detect binding of peanut agglutinin (PNA) was applied to 58 specimens consisting of lymph nodes, extranodal lymphoid tissues, neoplasms and reactive histiocytic lesions. Results were compared with a currently accepted histiocytic marker--cytoplasmic muramidase. Of the 58 tissues, 51 showed PNA binding to morphologically recognizable histiocytes, whereas muramidase was detected in only 44. PNA binding appeared at least as sensitive and specific as muramidase, as a marker for histiocytes, and offers the advantage that it does not bind to cells of the granulocytic series. PMID- 7041619 TI - The measurement of lymphocyte size and thymidine uptake in comparative response to mitogen stimulation in vitro. AB - Measurements of thymidine uptake and cell size with the Coulter ZBI Counter and C 1000 channelyzer were found to be comparable for mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. These two technics show a discrete relation with correlated regions of high and low response. Electronic sizing was correlated linearly to microscopic sizing of lymphoblasts. The reproducibility of radiolabeled and electronic sizing measurements were similar and significantly better than that of manual microscopic sizing. The distribution of lymphocyte sizes after two or three days in culture with mitogen was found to be bimodal. This facilitated the direct detection of stimulation responses with the ZBI counter. PMID- 7041618 TI - Membranous glomerulonephritis associated with industrial mercury exposure. Study of pathogenetic mechanisms. AB - The nephrotoxicity associated with mercury may be manifested as either acute tubular necrosis or an immune complex glomerulonephritis, depending upon the conditions under which the patient is exposed to the metal. Two patients with industrial exposure to mercury developed the nephrotic syndrome due to membranous glomerulonephritis. A multidisciplinary approach was used to define more precisely the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the production of the glomerular lesion. Although glomeruli were normal by light microscopy, immunohistochemical studies demonstrated confluent finely granular epimembranous deposits of IgG and C3. This distribution was confirmed at the ultrastructural level with immunoelectron microscopy. High resolution elemental analysis of electron dense inclusions in tubular epithelial phagolysosomes demonstrated energy dispersion spectra characteristic of coexisting mercury and selenium. Eluates from the biopsy material were not immunoreactive against normal rat or human kidney. There was no immunoreactivity of epimembranous deposits with antibodies having renal tubular epithelial antigen or urinary uromucoid specificity. These observations suggest that a distinctive immunopathologic lesion is associated with mercury-associated membraneous glomerulonephritis, that the role of the metal itself may only be coincidental, and that the involved antigen remains unknown. Prednisone therapy had no documented persistent beneficial influence upon the level of proteinuria in one patient who has been lost to follow-up. In one patient not treated with steroid therapy, withdrawal of exposure to the metal resulted in disappearance of mercury from body fluids and clinical remission. PMID- 7041620 TI - Evaluation of methods of detecting terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in human hematologic malignancies. Comparison of immunofluorescence and enzymatic assays. AB - Terminal transferase (TdT) activity and antigen have been measured in 267 specimens of human bone marrow and peripheral blood by using a biochemical assay for enzymatic activity and an immunofluorescence test for antigen. Oligo p(dA)50 and dGTP were used as reagents in the biochemical assay and either rabbit anti calf TdT or rabbit anti-human TdT was used as the primary antibody for immunofluorescence. Because both false-positive and false-negative detection of TdT antigen occurs, the biochemical assay of TdT activity is considered the standard against which immunofluorescence assays must be measured. If specimens of cells contained TdT activity, then the immunofluorescence detected antigen in 91% of cases (rabbit anti-calf TdT) and 95% of cases (rabbit anti-human TdT). When no TdT activity was detected, the immunofluorescence test was positive in 7.8% of cases (rabbit anti-calf TdT) and 5.2% of cases (rabbit anti-human TdT). When air-dried slices were shipped by air mail to a distant location before being stained for immunofluorescence, TdT antigen was detected in only 33% of matched pair cases which contained TdT activity. From this study, the authors conclude that with current methodology, immunofluorescence tests for TdT antigen must be carried out on slides prepared in the testing laboratory and that such tests are reliable in more than 90% of cases. However, because a small percentage of results are false positives and false negatives, the authors suggest that if a patient's clinical response is not consistent with the immunofluorescence TdT result, an enzymatic assay for TdT activity be carried out. PMID- 7041621 TI - Clinical significance of titered circulating microbial antibody in bacteremia. AB - Using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody technic, the authors determined the serum microbial antibody titer (MAT) in 26 patients (five with infective endocarditis, eight with septicemia without endocarditis, and three with access device-related bacteremia, three with fungemia without endocarditis, and seven with false-positive blood cultures). The MAT in the early clinical stage of infective endocarditis (IE) exceeded 350; after appropriate antibiotic therapy, it decreased to below 50 with clinical improvement. MAT in patients with septicemia was above 20 and less than 200; in patients with bacteremia, above 10 and less than 50; and in patients with false-positive blood cultures, it was less than 10. The authors suggest that MAT against isolated bacteria may be useful in diagnosing septicemia with or without IE, in determining the appropriate length of treatment, and in differentiating bacteremia from false-positive blood cultures. PMID- 7041622 TI - Wound botulism in pediatrics. AB - A 6-year-old boy with congenital deafness sustained compound fractures to his left ulna and radius. Six days after the injury, he appeared lethargic, and his illness progressed to respiratory failure within three days. Although the wound at the fracture site appeared benign, cultures obtained when the wound was opened grew Clostridium botulinum, type B. Both the patient's deafness and the appearance of his wound contributed to the delay in diagnosis of wound botulism. Differential diagnosis and treatment of this rare entity are discussed. PMID- 7041623 TI - Postextubation nasal continuous positive airway pressure. A prospective controlled study. AB - Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (N-CPAP), applied immediately after extubation, was prospectively evaluated in 18 neonates recovering from respiratory distress syndrome. Patients were randomly assigned to N-CPAP (group 1, N=9) or a control group given oxygen by hood (group 2, N=9). Groups were comparable in birth weight and duration of intubation. In the 24-hour period following extubation, group 1 showed a significantly lower mean respiratory rate (46 +/- 2 vs 74 +/- 4), alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (94 +/- 9 vs 134 +/- 12 mm Hg), PCO2 (45 +/- 1 vs 50 +/- 1 mm Hg), higher pH (7.33 +/- 0.01 vs 7.30 +/- 0.01), and less atelectasis by roentgenographic scores. This was associated with considerably better clinical courses in group 1 when compared with group 2, in which six patients required a late trial of N-CPAP because of respiratory deterioration and two patients needed reintubation. Postextubation N-CPAP has a striking beneficial effect on respiratory function and prevention of atelectasis. PMID- 7041624 TI - Inpatient vs outpatient treatment of alcohol and drug abusers. AB - The literature on inpatient and outpatient treatment of alcohol and drug abusers is reviewed. In addition, attrition as a major factor in treatment is examined. While several hypothesized advantages for both inpatient and outpatient treatment are advanced, it is pointed out that, because of methodological and situational differences among the studies, comparisons are difficult and risky to make. After suggesting that there is little evidence to cause one to tout either inpatient or outpatient treatment based on relative effectiveness, it is proposed that a flexible treatment program utilizing both inpatient and outpatient treatment with a focus on reducing attrition is most likely to maximize effectiveness. PMID- 7041626 TI - Classical mistakes in forensic pathology: Alan R. Moritz (American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1956). PMID- 7041625 TI - Alan Richards Moritz, M.D. An appreciation. PMID- 7041627 TI - Electrical burns of the skin. Medicolegal investigation. PMID- 7041628 TI - Richard Ford, M.D. In memoriam. PMID- 7041629 TI - Reminiscences of Dr. LeMoyne Snyder. PMID- 7041630 TI - Miniature crime scenes. A novel use in crime seminars. PMID- 7041631 TI - A review of validations of dietary assessment methods. PMID- 7041632 TI - Dietary lipids and serum cholesterol level: change in diet confounds the cross sectional association. AB - In the Chicago Western Electric Company study, diet was assessed at the initial examination, in 1957-1958, of 1900 middle-aged men and again at their second examination about one year later. At the first examination, lipid composition of the diet, as summarized by a score based on the formula of Keys, Anderson and Grande (Grande, F. Predicting change in serum cholesterol from change in lipid composition of the diet. In: Lauer RM, Shekelle RB, eds. Childhood Prevention of Atherosclerosis and Hypertension. New York: Raven Press, 1980:145-53), was positively associated with level of serum cholesterol. Between the first and second examinations, however, hypercholesterolemic men were more likely than others to have reduced intake of dietary saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. As a result, at the second examination the cross-sectional linear association between the diet score and serum cholesterol concentration was significantly positive for men with initial levels of serum cholesterol less than 250 mg/dl, significantly negative for men with initial levels of 250 mg/dl or higher and not significantly different from zero for all men together. The bias introduced by change in diet among hypercholesterolemic men differs importantly from bias due to unreliability of measurement and to interindividual differences in intrinsic level of serum cholesterol, because it can produce statistically significant but spurious correlations. PMID- 7041633 TI - Etiologic heterogeneity of neural tube defects: clues from epidemiology. AB - The epidemiology of neural tube defects was reviewed, using data from two birth defects surveillance systems: the nationwide Birth Defects Monitoring Program and the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, for 1970-1978 and 1968-1979, respectively. After excluding cases with recognized causes, neural tube defects were divided into two major groups: "singles" and "multiples," depending on the presence of associated major defects. Only singles, which accounted for the majority of cases, were shown to have the well-known epidemiologic characteristics of neural tube defects: marked predominance of females and whites, geographic variation with an east-to-west gradient, and decreasing rates over time. On the other hand, multiples had no excess of females and occurred less predominantly in whites; moreover, their rates showed no geographic variation and little or no downward trends over time. The presence of associated defects indicates that neural tube defects are epidemiologically and probably etiologically heterogeneous. It is suggested that analytic studies of neural tube defects may be more rewarding if they try to identify different risk factors associated with various subgroups. This approach to the study of birth defects may provide better clues to their etiology and pathogenesis. PMID- 7041634 TI - Laboratory diagnosis in a large outbreak of type A botulism: confirmation of the value of coproexamination. AB - Coproexamination is a vital component of the laboratory evaluation of botulism and is an essential part of the investigation of suspected botulism cases. In April 1978, type A botulism developed in 34 persons who had eaten at a restaurant in a town in New Mexico. Pretreatment serum specimens, along with stool specimens for toxin assay and culture for Clostridium botulinum, were obtained. At least one specimen (serum or stool) was available for each patient. Of 30 serum specimens, 16 (53%) were toxin positive; seven (32%) of 22 stools were toxin positive; and C. botulinum type A was cultured from 19 (79%) of 24 stool specimens. Overall laboratory confirmation was available for 26 cases (76%). Serum and stool toxin detection was related both to the time elapsed between symptom onset and specimen collection and to the severity of illness, with shorter times and severe illness associated with higher rates of toxin detection. Recovery of C. botulinum type A did not vary appreciably according to these factors. In 18 cases, both serum and stool specimens were available; the proportion of suspected cases that could be laboratory-proven increased by 46% when patients' feces, and not just their sera, were subjected to botulism testing procedures. PMID- 7041635 TI - Functional characterization of the cells in chronic neutrophilic leukemia. AB - Light and electron microscopy of neutrophils from chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) did not reveal differences from normal mature neutrophils. However, functional characterization of CNL cells showed marked differences when compared to normal cells. CNL neutrophils were much less viable in suboptimal conditions. Their survival was further reduced by autologous serum and was corrected by normal human serm. CNL cells showed very active phagocytosis, but their bactericidal activity was reduced in suboptimal conditions. The total content of lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase was lower in CNL cells compared to normal neutrophils, but the release of these enzymes from stimulated cells was much higher than normal. This observation is compatible with a marked lysosomal lability. Cells from the patients' peripheral blood and bone marrow showed excessive growth in CFU-C assays. Marked susceptibility of CNL cells to cytotoxic activity of cold agglutinins, SLE sera, and CSFs was observed and may signify qualitative and/or quantitative differences in the membrane structure of CNL neutrophils, as compared to normal cells. PMID- 7041636 TI - Specificity of eluted antibody from renal tissues of patients with IgA nephropathy. AB - A study on the specificity of antibodies eluted from renal biopsy specimens in patients with IgA nephropathy is described. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy and other glomerular diseases. These specimens were treated with citrate buffer (pH 3.2) and the "eluate" was neutralized by sodium hydroxide. The "eluate" was then applied to the acid-treated sections obtained from the same and other patients with IgA nephropathy as well as to those with other glomerular diseases. The sections were stained with FITC-labeled heavy-chain-specific anti-human IgA antisera and examined with a fluorescent microscope. It was demonstrated that the antibodies obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy specifically recombined with the glomerular mesangial areas in such patients, while these antibodies did not combine with renal tissues obtained from patients with out IgA nephropathy. The eluted antibodies combined with autologous tissues, but only one-third of them combined with allogeneic renal specimens with IgA nephropathy. It is concluded that IgA antibodies deposited in glomeruli are specific to mesangial areas of patients with IgA nephropathy and that these antibodies show some heterogeneity among patients with this disorder. PMID- 7041637 TI - Prognostic features of early renal transplant rejections. AB - In an analysis of 632 cadaver transplants, the early renal transplant course gave important prognostic information depending on temporal and/or renofunctional characteristics of rejection episodes. Two transplant rejections occurring within the first 2 mo posttransplant were associated with either 37%, 27%, or 6% 1-yr graft survivals depending on whether these episodes were separate, temporally back-to-back, or were without interrejection renofunctional recovery, respectively. This compares to 1-yr graft survivals of 89% or 73% in those patients who had no rejection or one with recovery early posttransplant. Patient survival in groups with multiple early rejections was also associated with a poor prognosis. Ninety to 93% 1-yr patient survival was noted when there was no or one rejection. There was only a 74%-83% 1-yr patient survival with two early treated rejections. Transplant rejection therapy must be individualized or even withheld in order to ensure optimum graft and patient survival. PMID- 7041638 TI - Calcium-oxalate-crystal-induced bone disease. AB - A 13-year-old boy with primary hyperoxaluria and a successful renal allograft developed symptomatic bone disease, hypercalcemia, and hypercalciuria. Transiliac bone biopsy revealed calcium oxalate crystals in the marrow within mononuclear phagocytes and multinucleated giant cells. Deep resorption bays were seen adjacent to these crystal-cell aggregates. Serum 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D (calcitriol) and iPTH concentrations were low or normal. We suggest that hypercalcemia results from macrophage-mediated bone resorption initiated by Ca oxalate crystal deposition. PMID- 7041639 TI - Glucose tolerance, insulin release, and insulin binding to monocytes in kidney transplant recipients. AB - In order to evaluate glucose tolerance following renal transplantation, intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT), with evaluation of hormonal responses to the intravenous glucose load and percent specific 125I-insulin binding to peripheral blood monocytes, were studied in eight clinically stable kidney transplant recipients. For comparison purposes, identical studies were done in eight control subjects and seven clinically stable hemodialysis patients. One transplant recipient was glucose intolerant, with fasting hyperglycemia, elevated HbA1C, and abnormal glucose decay constant. Impaired pancreatic insulin release appeared to be the major factor accounting for his glucose intolerance. The seven glucose-tolerant transplant recipients had significantly increased insulin release during IVGTT compared to control subjects, and significant correlations were found among insulin release, glucose decay constant, and fasting blood sugar in those patients. Insulin binding to monocytes was significantly greater in transplant recipients than control subjects due to an increase in insulin binding capacity per cell. A significant correlation was found between percent specific 125I-insulin binding and steroid dose, expressed as mg/kg body weight/day, in those patients. Thus, chronic steroid administration does not cause glucose intolerance in transplant recipients who manifest steroid associated increases in pancreatic insulin release and cellular insulin binding capacity. PMID- 7041640 TI - Sterility-testing program for antibiotics and other intravenous admixtures. PMID- 7041641 TI - Method for testing aseptic technique of intravenous admixture personnel. AB - A method of checking the aseptic technique of personnel that prepare i.v. admixtures is described. The following sterile dosage forms of trypticase soy broth (TSB) were prepared: (1) single-strength ampuls 5 ml, (2) six-times (6X) concentrated broth ampuls 10 ml, (3) lyophilized broth sufficient to make 5 ml single-strength broth in 10-ml vials, and lyophilized broth sufficient to make 10.6 ml 6X concentrated broth in 20-ml vials. Admixture personnel were told these were investigational products, and they were given simulated orders to prepare syringes and 50-ml piggyback admixtures of the products. The specimens containing the broth were intercepted by an investigator, incubated for seven days at 37 degree C, and observed for turbidity on days 2 and 7. To verify that the broth supported the growth of bacteria, two common contaminants were inoculated into the broth in the syringes and admixtures to serve as positive controls. At least 100 samples from each of four procedures were processed during the three-month study period. A total of 405 samples prepared by 13 individuals were tested. None of the samples became turbid; hence, the bacterial contamination rate was 0%. Among the positive controls, 98% inoculated with one species and 100% inoculated with the other became turbid. This method is now used for monitoring the aseptic technique of new admixture personnel. This unique method of checking the aseptic technique of personnel is accurate and cost effective, and it avoids the risk of adventitious contamination. PMID- 7041642 TI - Role of serial microbiologic surveillance and clinical evaluation in the management of cancer patients with fever and granulocytopenia. PMID- 7041644 TI - Predictive value of the CFU-C assay in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - A double-layer agar culture assay for granulopoietic progenitor cell (CFU-C) was employed to study the in vitro growth pattern of bone marrow or peripheral blood cells from 37 patients at diagnosis of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. The patients were classified as having type A growth if there were greater than 50 colonies (A1), or greater than one colony and greater than 50 clusters was observed after 14 days in culture (A2). Type B growth was defined as no growth (B1), less than 50 colonies and less than 50 clusters (B2) or cluster growth only (B3). Agar cultures containing marrow cells from 10 patients were stained in situ, and the colonies and clusters revealed abnormal cellular maturation. Treatment with cytosine arabinoside and an anthracycline resulted in a complete remission of leukemia in one of 15 patients with type A growth and 17 of 22 patients with type B growth. The subtype of growth pattern did not correlate with the mechanism (i.e., drug resistance versus kinetic resistance) for the failure to achieve a complete remission. The subtype of type B growth (B1, B2 or B#) did not correlate with the duration of complete remission. Nonetheless, the growth patterns observed in cultures of cells obtained from patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia appear to be excellent predictors of the success of achieving complete remission with induction therapy. PMID- 7041643 TI - Evaluation of recurrent glomerulonephritis in kidney allografts. PMID- 7041645 TI - Focal proliferative lupus nephritis. A clinicopathologic study using the W.H.O. classification. AB - Focal proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis has traditionally been considered to be more benign than the diffuse form. A recent study of lupus nephritis using the W.H.O. classification demonstrated no difference in 4-year survival between those with focal and those with diffuse disease. Because of this development, a comparative clinicopathologic study of 15 patients with focal proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis was done using the W.H.O. classification. Generally, patients with focal proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis presented with milder renal disease with respect to proteinuria and renal insufficiency. Involvement of the central nervous system was more prominent in focal proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis. Therapy for both types of disease was similar. Mean duration of renal disease was 48 months for focal and 50.7 months for diffuse disease. Three patients with focal proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis and two with diffuse proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis were dead at the end of the follow up period. Established renal failure was present in one patient with focal disease and two with diffuse disease. Deterioration of renal function was noted in two patients with focal proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis and five with diffuse proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis at the end of the follow-up period. No statistically significant differences in cumulative five-year survival rates (focal = 0.751; diffuse = 0.858), cumulative five-year renal survival rates (focal = 1.00; diffuse = 0.846), deterioration of renal function and quantitative proteinuria at the end of the follow-up period were noted. although qualitatively milder, the focal form of renal disease followed a course similar to that of the diffuse type. PMID- 7041646 TI - Glycemic control in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Comparison of outpatient intensified conventional therapy with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. AB - We compared glycemic control achieved on an outpatient basic with three insulin regimens in 10 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The regimens studied included: (1) intensified conventional therapy with twice-daily regular and lente insulin; (2) intensified conventional therapy with long-acting ultralente insulin plus multiple preprandial injections of regular insulin; (3) continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Each treatment period was two months long. At the beginning of the study and the close of each study period, patients were hospitalized for a 48-hour evaluation of glycemic control. Each new insulin regimen was begun after discharge, with the dosage adjusted using preplanned algorithms, patient self-monitoring of blood glucose and defined blood glucose targets. Glycemic control markedly improved on all three treatment regimens, to a comparable degree, as assessed by mean plasma glucose level, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, M value (an index of glycemic lability), urinary glucose excretion and glycosylated hemoglobin level. PMID- 7041648 TI - Group G streptococci: a review of the literature. AB - A review of the occurrence, general characteristics, and identification procedures for Group G streptococci is presented. Group G streptococci cause the same types of infection and have similar morphological characteristics as the other beta-hemolytic streptococci. If serological methods are used for identification, cross reactions may be seen between Group G and B streptococci, as they share a common antigenic determinant. Group G may also be misidentified as Group A streptococci with biochemical testing because at least 7% of Group G are sensitive to bacitracin. are sensitive to bacitracin. are sensitive to bacitracin. PMID- 7041647 TI - Four clinical chemistry analyses for pediatric patients: glycosylated hemoglobin, free bilirubin, sweat electrolytes, neonatal thyroxine. AB - Laboratory methods evaluating pediatric patients for diabetes mellitus, cystic fibrosis, kernicterus and congenital hypothyroidism lack standardization of analyte and/or methodology. While these are the more common metabolic disorders of children the problems of the methods may result in improper diagnosis and treatment. In addition to standardization problems, glycosylated hemoglobin, free bilirubin and blood spot thyroxine have problems in analyte stability, critical testing steps and/or result interpretation. Sweat electrolytes and blood spot thyroxine require very regimented specimen collection. Other pediatric onset diseases may alter the results of glycosylated hemoglobin and free bilirubin. This review article discusses each of these analytes, methodology, problems and usefulness. PMID- 7041650 TI - Sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern: its definition and clinical significance. AB - A review was made of the available literature on the sinusoidal heart rate (SHR) pattern. A specific definition of SHR was made in order to elucidate its clinical significance. According to this definition 41 tracings from 23 publications were classified as being either true SHR, equivocal, or a heart rate pattern other than SHR. On the basis of this definition, 27 tracings were classified as true SHR patterns and all were associated with significant fetal or neonatal morbidity or mortality, except in two cases after administration of alphaprodine. Three tracings were judged to be equivocal. In two other cases the fetal heart rate tracings were classified as nonsinusoidal premortem patterns associated with poor perinatal outcome. As for the other nine tracings that did not meet the proposed definition, the perinatal outcome was normal. Therefore, because of a stricter definition of jeopardy, except when the SHR pattern appears after induction of analgesia with alphaprodine. PMID- 7041649 TI - Considerations for the clinical laboratory serving the pediatric patient. PMID- 7041651 TI - Premature menopause due to a small deletion in the long arm of the X chromosome: a report of three cases and a review. PMID- 7041652 TI - Randomized clinical trial of perioperative cefoxitin in preventing maternal infection after primary cesarean section. AB - To determine the efficacy of perioperative cefoxitin in preventing infections after primary cesarean section, a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial was performed. Among 266 participants, those who received three perioperative 2 gm doses of cefoxitin (138) had significantly fewer serious infections (19.5% vs. 4.3%), fewer urinary tract infections (10.7% vs. 4.4%), less standard febrile morbidity (9.4% vs. 3.6%), and fewer courses of antibiotics postoperatively (23.4% vs. 11.6%). There was no reduction in the length of hospitalization. Use of perioperative cefoxitin umbilical cord is clamped are safe and efficacious in preventing infection after primary cesarean section. PMID- 7041653 TI - Vaginal colonization with Group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus as a risk factor for post-cesarean section febrile morbidity. AB - Vaginal colonization of mothers with Group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GBS) has been recognized as a risk factor for neonatal morbidity. The relationship of GBS colonization to risks for the mother who undergoes cesarean section has not been defined. In this study, we found that, among patients who underwent cesarean section, the 19% of them who were colonized with GBS had a higher incidence of standard fever (66.6% vs. 30.5%), clinical diagnosis of endomyometritis (61.1% vs. 12.5%), and use of antibiotics (61.1% vs. 26.3%) in relationship to a significantly increased frequency of premature rupture of the membranes (50.0% vs. 14.8%). Reasons for the association between vaginal colonization and increased morbidity are discussed. PMID- 7041654 TI - A comparative study of two antibiotic regimens for the treatment of operative site infections. AB - This prospective study was designed to compare the relative efficacy of two antibiotic regimens for the treatment of operative site infections subsequent to pelvic operations. Patients with endomyoparametritis after delivery or pelvic cellulitis subsequent to hysterectomy were randomized to treatment with the combination of penicillin-gentamicin or the single agent cefoxitin. Seventeen of the 26 patients (65%) with endomyoparametritis who were treated with penicillin gentamicin were cured by antibiotic therapy alone, in comparison to 15 of 23 (65%) patients treated with cefoxitin. Fifty-eight percent of the patients with pelvic cellulitis who were treated with penicillin-gentamicin responded favorably, in comparison to 50% of the patients treated with cefoxitin. None of these differences was statistically significant. In this study, neither antibiotic regimen provided satisfactory initial treatment for surgically induced soft tissue pelvic infection. Moreover, 11 of the 28 patients with treatment failures (40%) developed serious sequelae of their primary infection. PMID- 7041655 TI - Epikeratophakia for the treatment of keratoconus. AB - We have modified the technique of epikeratophakia to produce flattening of the keratoconus cornea and facilitate contact lens or spectacle correction of visual acuity. The epithelium was removed from the recipient cornea, and an epikeratophakia graft of uniform thickness was sutured tightly in place. The graft flattened the cone and markedly decreased the amount of irregular astigmatism. After surgery, our six patients have shown reduced myopia and cylinder and have little, if any, of the irregular astigmatism characteristic of keratoconus. These results are preliminary, and only long-term study of these and other similar cases can establish the safety and efficacy of this procedure. PMID- 7041656 TI - Correlative microscopy and tissue culture of congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy. AB - A 4 1/2-year-old boy with congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy underwent successful bilateral penetrating keratoplasties. Visual acuity in both eyes was restored to 6/18 (20/60). Correlative microscopic analysis of the corneal button obtained from the first transplant showed an irregular epithelium, a continuously thickened Bowman's layer, fragmentation and homogenization of the anterior stromal lamellae, a mildly enlarged stromal fibril diameter, abnormal collagen layers posterior to Descemet's membrane, atrophic paracentral corneal endothelium, and absent central endothelium. The endothelial cells from the second corneal button were placed in tissue culture and failed to demonstrate any growth characteristics of differentiation into normal appearing cells after 14 days. We concluded that the endothelial cells in congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy are functionally and morphologically abnormal. Early penetrating keratoplasty can be successful in such cases. PMID- 7041657 TI - Barium peritonitis: a case report and review of literature. PMID- 7041658 TI - Hysteria and women. AB - Through the ages, hysteria has been considered to be a female disease. The author explores the historical record and concludes that the hysterical (histrionic) personality is a caricature of femininity. It develops under the influence of cultural forces, particularly male domination, and is not a natural attribute of women. He then inquires whether the concept of a distinct femininity is itself a stereotype or is based on inborn personality differences between the sexes. Citing current biological and ethological evidence, he favors the latter explanation. He suggests that the hypothesis of sex role distortion include not only the equation femininity-caricature-hysterical personality but also the cognate one, masculinity-caricature-"machoism." PMID- 7041659 TI - Integrating health and mental health services: historical obstacles and opportunities. AB - Historically, health and mental health services have been separated by a variety of forces, including specialization; ideological, attitudinal, and financial barriers; the professionalization of psychiatry; and functional and organizational differentiation. Recently, several models of integration and coordination have been proposed. If they are to succeed, health planners will have to be aware of the essential ingredients of interorganizational cooperation and work to eliminate the obstacles to integration of health and mental health services. PMID- 7041660 TI - Identifying the health risks from very low-dose sparsely ionizing radiation. AB - The health risks from low-dose sparsely ionizing (low-LET) radiation have been the subject of continued debate. At present, quantitative estimates of risk are extremely uncertain due to the controversy surrounding both the dosimetry for A bomb survivor data and the choice of mathematical models for extrapolating risk from high to low doses. Nevertheless, much can be learned about the nature of the health risks by reviewing the epidemiologic literature. We present a summary of diseases which have been associated with low-LET radiation (less than 1000 rad) in at least two independent studies, according to the mean cumulative organ dose at which the disease was observed. At organ doses of less than or equal to 50 rad, the only diseases that have been reported consistently are thyroid cancer, salivary gland tumors, and leukemia. The first two diseases were observed in association with x-ray epilation of the scalp for tinea capitis, a therapy which is no longer employed. On the other hand, leukemia has been observed repeatedly to occur at cumulative doses of greater than or equal to 30 rad low-LET radiation. PMID- 7041661 TI - Forest malaria in Bangladesh. I. Parasitology. AB - Malaria in the eastern forests of Bangladesh has never been controlled and has been the major source of the country-wide resurgence that has occurred since 1971. The malaria status of an isolated, forest-dwelling community was studied for 21 consecutive months. Blood examination, indirect hemagglutination testing, and detailed histories were used. Nearly 88% were found patent for Plasmodium falciparum and 70% for Plasmodium vivax at least once during the study. The population displayed characteristics of intense, annual transmission: asymptomatic patent infections, low trophozoite and gametocyte densities, and increasing antibody and decreasing parasite prevalence with advancing age. Prevalence and mean titer of antibody increased in each age group during the 7 month transmission season. Chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum was demonstrated epidemiologically. PMID- 7041662 TI - An analysis of the relationship of host factors to clinical falciparum malaria by multiple regression techniques. AB - Clinical records of 58 infections with the Vietnam Smith strain of Plasmodium falciparum in human volunteers were studied in order to 1) characterize the clinical course of infections; 2) investigate the effects of race, weight, age, method of induction, and previous malaria experience on the course of infection using methods of multiple regression; and 3) establish whether differences in drug-treatment groups may have influenced the current study results. We found that blacks tolerated infection better than whites, that heterologous as well as homologous strain immunity persists after infection and that these results could not be attributed to differences in treatment. The clinical course of infections with the Vietnam Smith strain of P. falciparum is described. PMID- 7041663 TI - Observations on early and late post-sporozoite tissue stages in primate malaria. II. The hypnozoite of Plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii from 3 to 105 days after infection, and detection of 36- to 40-hour pre-erythrocytic forms. AB - Confirmation of the existence of a persistent, uninucleate, dormant pre erythrocytic stage, the hypnozoite, of the relapsing simian malaria parasite, Plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii, has been obtained by means of experiments involving the intravenous injection into susceptible monkeys of 48 to 85 x 10(6) sporozoites derived from mosquitoes of a different species and source than employed previously. The development of these hypnozoites was traced from 3 days until 105 days after sporozoite inoculation, employing a sensitive immunofluorescence technique followed by restaining with Giemsa. From an average mean diameter of 4 micrometers at 3 and 5 days, uninucleate hypnozoites grow to 5 micrometers at 7 days, then persist with little change until at least 105 days after infection. Strong evidence for the viability of these persistent forms was obtained by treatment of a host monkey with primaquine, which eliminated all trace of hypnozoites present 2 weeks before. Examination of hepatic tissue from a monkey injected with sporozoites 36 and 40 hours earlier revealed rare uninucleate pre-erythrocytic forms of 2.5-micrometers diameter. These early forms were present in hepatocytes in a density only approximately 1/30th of that expected on the basis of numbers of pre-erythrocytic stages found in the same animal's liver 7 days after infection. Nevertheless, subinoculation experiments appeared to rule out the circulation as a vehicle for dissemination of any putative early intermediate hepatotropic forms from another site. PMID- 7041664 TI - Growth and development of two Trypanosoma cruzi clones in the arthropod Dipetalogaster maximus. AB - Trypomastigotes of single-cell-isolate Trypanosoma cruzi clones WA-250/1 and Esmereldo/2 were used to infect third-instar Dipetalogaster maximus. The level of infection was directly proportional to the concentration of trypomastigotes present in the blood meal. The minimum infectious dose for D. maximus was calculated as 5 organisms/ml. Clone WA-250/1 underwent epimastigote-to-metacylic trypomastigote transformation over the 30-day course of the experiments; clone Esmeraldo/2 did not undergo transformation to metacylic trypomastigotes. These data extend our knowledge of the biological diversity of T. cruzi stocks. PMID- 7041666 TI - Mansonella ozzardi in Haiti. III. A comparison of the sensitivity of four sampling methods in detecting infections. AB - A study to compare the sensitivity of four sampling methods in detecting Mansonella ozzardi among 133 inhabitants of Bayeux, Haiti, is reported. The Knott method proved the most sensitive with 40 microfilaria carriers detected. No additional infections were revealed by the other sampling methods. This was followed in order by 20 mm3 thick films of earlobe blood (34 cases), finger-prick blood (32 cases in the first sample), and skin biopsy (14 cases from paired samples). The combination of three finger-prick samples (60 mm3 of blood) detected 38 of 40 (95%) Knott-positive infections. The Knott method detected only one case not observed by at least one of the other three sampling methods. This sampling procedure did not detect more M. ozzardi in the 0-19-year age group than observed by the 20-mm3 finger prick method. Based on these results, a correction factor of 1.25 can be applied to our earlier Bayeux survey. PMID- 7041665 TI - Albendazole: a new broad spectrum anthelmintic. Double-blind multicenter clinical trial. AB - A new anthelmintic drug, albendazole, has been tested in a multicenter double blind placebo controlled study in 392 patients from France and West Africa in children and adults with single or mixed infections caused by roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, threadworms and tapeworms. All patients were closely observed before and after treatment for clinical side effects, hematological or clinical blood chemical changes. Fecal samples obtained before, and 7 days and 21 days after treatment were examined using a concentration technic (Ritchie), a coproculture (Harada-Mori) and an egg count (Kato). Following a single dose of 400 mg in adults, cure rates of 96% in ascaridiasis, 96% in ancylostomiasis caused by dose of 400 mg in adults, cure rates of 96% in ascaridiasis, 96% in ancylostomiasis caused by Ancylostoma duodenale, 90% in ancylostomiasis caused by Necator americanus and 76% in trichuriasis were recorded. About 48% of the patients infected by Strongyloides stercoralis were cured following administration of 400 mg per day for 3 consecutive days. The efficacy of half of the adult dose (200 mg) was much lower in children. None of the patients who received placebo were cured. The drug did not produce any significant side effects and approximately the same numbers were reported in the albendazole and the placebo groups. No variations of the hematology and clinical blood chemistry values were recorded. PMID- 7041667 TI - The effects of precocene II on reproduction and development of triatomine bugs (Reduviidae: Triatominae). AB - Precocene II is a botanically derived chemical that inhibits the production of juvenile hormone (JH) in insects. The effects of this anti-JH compound on molting and growth by Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma dimidiata and reproduction in R. prolixus were tested and the efficacy of precocene II as a fumigant was assessed. Precocene II induced precocious metamorphosis in both species when applied by either contact exposure or fumigation, and this effect could be prevented by juvenile hormone replacement therapy. The dosage effective in inducing precocious metamorphosis in T. dimidiata was similar to the EC50 previously reported for R. prolixus. The morphology of precocious adultoid T. dimidiata of different instars was similar to Rhodnius adultoids of corresponding instars. However, T. dimidiata was more sensitive than Rhodnius to the molt-inhibiting effects of precocene II. Rhodnius nymphs were fully susceptible to the anti-JH action of precocene when exposed for 24 hours one week before feeding. Precocene II was highly toxic to adult female Rhodnius and treatment of newly emerged females prevented oogenesis. PMID- 7041668 TI - Designation or dedication: seven men in the evolution of a trauma center. PMID- 7041669 TI - Surgically correctable hypertension of renal origin in childhood. AB - Since 1960, 22 children were treated for surgically correctable hypertension or renal origin. The series included two children with tumors, two with hydronephrosis from ureteropelvic junction obstruction, nine in whom one kidney was atrophic, and nine with renal artery narrowing from fibromuscular dysplasia (with bilateral involvement in two). Hypertension was cured in the cases with tumors and ureteropelvic junction obstruction. It was also cured in four of the nine patients with an atrophic kidney and in five of the nine with a narrow renal artery. In those not cured hypertension was more easily controlled by medication. One patient died from brain hypoxia during surgery. About 10 percent of the children investigated for hypertension at the Massachusetts General Hospital proved to have a surgically correctable cause of renal origin. PMID- 7041670 TI - Gastric lymphoma: a clinicopathologic reappraisal. AB - Histologic material from 42 cases diagnosed as gastric lymphoma at Hartford Hospital was reviewed, confirming the diagnosis in 37. Three cases of pseudolymphoma were found. The incidence of gastric lymphoma has increased steadily over the past 50 years: 35 percent of cases occurred during the past decade. Most patients with gastric lymphoma are in the seventh or eighth decade of life. Resection offered the best chance for long-term survival, either alone or with radiation therapy. Nodal status was correlated with length of survival of survival; 60 percent of patients with negative nodes survived 5 years or more. Cases were classified according to the Rappaport classification and the Working Formulation of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas. The formulation was more useful than the Rappaport classification in assessing prognosis in various types of lymphoma and better reflects our current understanding of neoplasms of the lymphoid system. PMID- 7041671 TI - Changing patterns in the surgical management of ventricular septal rupture after myocardial infarction. AB - Seventeen consecutive patients who underwent repair of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture between 1975 and 1980 at the Yale-New Haven Medical Center are reported on. The most important prognostic indicator of a favorable outcome was the patient's preoperative hemodynamic state. The mortality rate ranged from 83 percent for patients in shock to no mortality in patients with mild to moderate symptoms. There was a strong tendency for hemodynamic deterioration despite hemodynamic support with pharmacologic agents as well as intraaortic balloon pumping. Our review indicates that several patients might have been saved if operation had been performed earlier. Based on this experience and that of others, a management plan is formulated, and we recommend early surgical intervention in all operable patients with ventricular septal rupture. In patients with severe cardiogenic shock, we forego full cardiac catheterization, confirming the diagnosis by an oxygen step-up in the pulmonary artery only. These patients undergo operation on an urgent basis. No undue technical difficulties were related to early operation. At present, maximum survival of patients with postinfarction ventricular septal rupture may be accomplished by early surgical intervention in all operable cases. PMID- 7041672 TI - Divorce and children and adolescents: an overview. PMID- 7041673 TI - Adolescent suicide: etiology and treatment. PMID- 7041674 TI - Adolescent suicide: psychosocial and cognitive aspects. PMID- 7041675 TI - The history of adolescent psychiatry. PMID- 7041676 TI - Alcohol and aging: challenges for the future. PMID- 7041677 TI - Evaluation of the role of acetaldehyde in the actions of ethanol on gluconeogenesis by comparison with the effects of crotonol and crotonaldehyde. PMID- 7041678 TI - Effects of ethanol and temperature on glucose utilization in the in vivo and isolated perfused mouse brain. PMID- 7041679 TI - Alcohol causes a fatty pancreas. A rat model of ethanol-induced pancreatic steatosis. AB - To develop an animal mode of alcoholic pancreatic steatosis, female Wistar rats were pair fed liquid diets, containing ethanol as 36% of calories or an isocaloric amount of carbohydrate for 3 weeks. Electron microscopic examination showed lipid vesicles localized principally at the bases of pancreatic acinar cells in the ethanol-fed rats. Ethanol feeding significantly increased pancreatic content of cholesteryl ester without changing levels of other lipids. Ethanol feeding enhanced labeled acetate, palmitate, oleate, and linoleate incorporation into cholesteryl ester. Therefore, increased esterification of cholesterol may, in part, explain the observed accumulation of cholesteryl ester. PMID- 7041680 TI - Chromosomal aberrations in chronic male alcoholics. AB - A group of 23 male heavy drinkers was studied cytogenetically, and the results were compared with those obtained from a control group of 50 non-drinkers. The data are based on karyological analysis of dividing lymphocytes in 72-hr blood cultures. Alcoholics revealed a significantly higher frequency of numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations. Chromosome rearrangements were observed only among alcoholics. The most frequent exchange type was dicentrics (0.02 per cell, constituting 65.1% of the total exchanges), followed by reciprocal translocations (0.005 per cell), and pericentric inversions (0.002 per cell). The significance of the presence of these types of chromosomal aberrations in the blood of alcoholics is discussed in terms of its prevalence and association with known syndromes and diseases. The possible effects and/or interactions of other factors such as duration of alcohol abuse, drugs, and smoking were also emphasized. PMID- 7041682 TI - Progress in alcoholism research and treatment. 13th Annual Medical-Scientific Conference of the National Alcoholism Forum April 2-5, 1982, Washington, D.C. Abstracts. PMID- 7041681 TI - The interaction of chronic alcohol consumption and aging on brain structure and function. PMID- 7041683 TI - Alcoholism and premature aging: a neuropsychological perspective. PMID- 7041684 TI - Behavioral effects of ethanol in animals: age differences and age changes. PMID- 7041685 TI - Examination of alcoholics by computed tomographic (CT) scans: a critical review. AB - Neuroradiological studies have consistently demonstrated that alcoholics have morphological abnormalities of cortical, ventricular, and cerebellar structures suggesting brain atrophy. This atrophy is weakly correlated with impaired psychological test performance. Because brain atrophy and intellectual impairment can also be found in normal aging it is necessary to compare alcoholics with age matched control subjects. It is currently unknown if alcohol-associated brain atrophy and intellectual impairment are the result of conditions preceding alcohol consumption or conditions only indirectly related such as head trauma or other associated diseases. Direct alcohol toxicity would be supported by quantitative alcohol-atrophy dose-response relationships and by a partial reversal of atrophy and functional impairment following abstinence from alcohol. Because of methodological difficulties inherent in neuroradiological research, data on the exact pathogenesis of abnormalities in alcoholics have not been produced. The design of such studies can be improved to increase the probability that the causes of brain atrophy will be elucidated. PMID- 7041686 TI - Cognitive patterns resembling premature aging in male social drinkers. PMID- 7041687 TI - Adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. VI. Developmental changes in alcohol dehydrogenase activity and ethanol conversion during the growth cycle. PMID- 7041688 TI - Adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. VII. Proliferative and functional properties of cells from ethanol-intoxicated animals: evidence for a reversible albumin 'production defect'. PMID- 7041689 TI - Continuum versus premature aging theories of chronic alcoholism. AB - An attempt is made to differentiate, both theoretically and experimentally, the continuum theory from the premature aging theory of the chronic effects of alcohol on verbal information processing. It is argued that the continuum model necessitates a demonstration of differential 'pattern' of performance between alcoholics and normals in as much as alcoholic Korsakoff patients (at one end of the continuum) do demonstrate such patterns. Premature aging theories, on the other hand, need to demonstrate only subnormal performance by alcoholics relative to their contemporaries. Two experiments designed to assess these theories provided some evidence for premature aging but none for the continuum theory. PMID- 7041690 TI - Evidence of a toxic effect of ethanol on bone in rats. AB - Tibiae from rats treated chronically for 12 days with enough ethanol to induce physical dependence were found to have an increased incidence of fracture during dissection and cleaning (7 of 12 or 58%) compared to control animals (1 of 12 or 8%). The site of the fractures, the proximal end of the tibia, showed an increased opacity to X-rays, and the dried bones were distinctly darker in appearance than similarly prepared control bones. The effects noted in our study suggest that the rat model could be useful for the study of the mechanisms by which alcohol affects bone growth, remodeling, and strength. These studies might shed new light on the pathogenesis of increased bone fragility in alcoholics. PMID- 7041691 TI - [Improved myocardial protection in open heart surgery by massive preoperative insulin supply (author's transl)]. AB - In this study we investigated, whether in addition to cooling and cardioplegia, preventive administration of massive doses of insulin with glucose exerts a protective effect on the myocardium by increasing myocardial glycogen stores and shifting myocardial metabolism towards (primarily anaerobic) glycolysis. Experiments were done on two groups of 5 dogs each (average 27 kg) undergoing experimental extracorporeal circulation (ECC) with 90 min aortic clamping, under cooling and cardioplegia. Cardiac output (CO), systolic ventricular blood pressure (Pventr), heart rate (HR) and mean central venous pressure (CVP) were recorded at LA-levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20 mm Hg before onset of ECC (preop. value), after termination of ECC, and after 2 periods of a 10 min. reperfusion. While the 1st group served as control, the 2nd group received a massive i.v. insulin supply (total 20 U/kg) every 10 min, as well as glucose to keep blood sugar level stable within 60 min. prior to the onset of ECC. It was shown that in the control group after termination of ECC and after 1st reperfusion Pventr and CO were significantly below the preop. values, and only after the 2nd reperfusion within the preop. range. In the insulin group, however, Pventr and CO were already within the preop. range at termination of the ECC. After the 1st and after the 2nd reperfusion CO was in part significantly above the preoperative value. HR and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were not significantly changed. It is concluded that preventive insulin application produces a more vital myocardial cell function immediately after termination of ECC, indicating increased myocardial protection and improved ischaemic tolerance. PMID- 7041692 TI - A protease from Astacus fluviatilis as an aid in protein sequencing. PMID- 7041693 TI - A method for extracting high-molecular-weight deoxyribonucleic acid from fungi. PMID- 7041694 TI - Application of high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of free sterols to the screening of yeast sterol mutants. PMID- 7041695 TI - Digitization of sedimentation equilibrium and velocity data for analysis by minicomputer. PMID- 7041696 TI - Purification of individual proteinase isozymes from Bacteroides nodosus by use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a fluorogenic substrate detection system, and a simple electroelution apparatus. PMID- 7041697 TI - A method for measuring anion transfer across membranes of hemoglobin-free cells and vesicles by continuous monitoring of fluorescence. PMID- 7041698 TI - Mild alkaline borohydride treatment of glycoproteins-a method for liberating both N- and O-linked carbohydrate chains. PMID- 7041699 TI - A sensitive analytical apparatus for measuring hydrogen production rates. I. Application to studies in small animals. Evidence of the effects of an alpha glucosidehydrolase inhibitor in the rat. PMID- 7041700 TI - A rapid assay for dipeptidyl aminopeptidase III in human erythrocytes. PMID- 7041701 TI - Intravenous antiarrhythmic drugs: newer aspects of therapy. AB - The use of the intravenous form of antiarrhythmic drugs from the perspective of prophylaxis, urgency of therapy, and rapid assessment of effectiveness is reviewed. Examples of clinical relevance for each of these 3 variables are used to illustrate the relevance of these approaches. 1) In the human model of acute myocardial infarction, prophylaxis with lidocaine is proved and is safe, with toxicity minimized when accurate determinations of blood levels of drug are readily available. 2) When reversion is unsuccessful and ventricular response cannot be controlled with conventional therapy, rapid supraventricular tachyarrhythmias will often normalize in response to intravenous verapamil therapy, a calcium-blocking agent soon available for clinical use. 3) A long-term outpatient antiarrhythmic drug program guided by target blood levels can be defined rapidly by intravenous administration of drug; this approach enhances safety and simplifies the definition of an ongoing antiarrhythmic program. Disopyramide responsiveness can be defined using this technique. PMID- 7041702 TI - Hemodynamic effects of aortic occlusion during hemorrhagic shock. AB - We investigated cardiac dynamics following temporary aortic occlusion during profound hypovolemia and abdominal distention. Control animals (N = 10) were bled from a femoral artery catheter to a systolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg, while simultaneous abdominal distention was effected with intraperitoneal infusion of saline. After one hour of shock, thoracic aortic occlusion and immediate laparotomy were performed. The aorta was clamped for 20 minutes and then released over 5 minutes. The second group (N = 10) underwent the same procedure but received methylprednisolone sodium succinate intravenously at the time of aortic occlusion. During hypotension, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, and stroke work decreased, while systemic vascular resistance increased. Aortic occlusion improved cardiac hemodynamics in the control group; in the steroid group these changes were even more pronounced. Measurement of dp/dt demonstrated ventricular contractility impaired during hypotension and improved during the period of aortic occlusion. Temporary thoracic aortic occlusion in the face of profound hypotension and massive abdominal distention improved cardiac function. The resulting increased afterload in this hypovolemic state was without deleterious effects. Furthermore, steroids appeared to enhance the cardiac response to aortic cross-clamping. PMID- 7041703 TI - Decreased motility of bull spermatozoa caused by Mycoplasma bovigenitalium. AB - Mycoplasma bovigenitalium mixed with bull semen in egg yolk-citrate buffer and held at 5 C caused a highly significant time- and dose-dependent depression in sperm motility. Mycoplasma adhered to a majority of spermatozoa, principally to the acrosome, but also the the midpiece and tail. This may reflect the basis for a naturally observed condition in young bulls in which genital mycoplasmosis is associated with low sperm motility. PMID- 7041704 TI - Use of ducks as a model to study the effect of antibiotics in feed on the fecal shedding of Salmonella. AB - An experimental and statistical model was developed to study the effect of antibiotics in feed on the fecal shedding of Salmonella. the model design consisted of 3 groups of 4 to 10 experimentally infected ducks each; group 1 was given no medication, group 2 was given a small dose of antibiotic, and group 3 was given a large dose of antibiotic as feed supplement for growth promotion. The test for the null hypothesis and Fisher's exact test were used for evaluating the significance of the results on each sampling day and for the experimental totals. Experimental results of the model showed that, whereas oxytetracycline (OTC) significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased the duration of shedding of OTC sensitive Salmonella, it significantly increased the duration of shedding of OTC resistant Salmonella. Evaluation of zinc bacitracin by this model indicated that zinc bacitracin either produced a moderate increase in the duration of fecal shedding or failed to alter the duration of fecal shedding of Salmonella. Seemingly, it is necessary to select a sensitive and a resistant Salmonella strain to evaluate the effects of antibiotics in feed. PMID- 7041705 TI - Purification and biological characterizationof endotoxin fractions from Pasteruella haemolytica. AB - A sequential extraction procedure was used to provide 3 endotoxin fractions from Pasteurella haemolytica with distinct biological and solubility properties. After acetone dessication, extraction with phenol, chloroform, and petroleum ether (2:5:8) provided a fraction designated rough lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Subsequent extraction of the cells with 45% phenol at 68 C yielded a fraction designated smooth LPS, which was further divided into smooth precipitate and smooth supernatant, based on sedimentation at 105,000 x g for 4 hours. Yields of the 3 fractions were 1.5%, 3%, and 5.5% of the dry weight of the cells. The polysaccharide moieties of the rough LPS amd smooth precipitate fractions were obtained by partial acid hydrolysis followed by chloroform extraction. Biological activities of all 5 fractions were compared with activities of standard LPS fractions from Serratia marcescens and Salmonella typhimurium. Results of chicken embryo lethality, the local Shwartzman's phenomenon, nonspecific resistance enhancement ot challenge exposure by S typhimurium pyrogenicity, and the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay were reported. PMID- 7041706 TI - Clinical evaluation of the new compound diphenylsilanediol for ani-epileptic efficacy and toxicity. AB - A controlled clinical trial of the anti-epileptic efficacy and toxic side effects of diphenylsilanediol was conducted on 24 client-owned epileptic dogs. Data obtained from an abbreviated procedural treatment program indicated that diphenylsilanediol compared favorably with primidone as an anti-epileptic compound, but had limiting toxic side effects to the liver, pancreas, and possibly to other tissues. There was a mean reduction of 60.7% in seizure frequency in 15 epileptic dogs treated with diphenylsilanediol when compared with their pretreatment frequency. There was a mean reduction of 55.6% in seizure frequency in 9 spileptic control dogs treated with primidone. Samples of blood obtained from the dogs in the program on the 4th, 8th, 12th, 24th, and 36th weeks of treatment were examined for complete blood cell count, blood urea nitrogen, liver function, and pancreatic function. Toxic side effects were not seen among the primidone-treated control dogs, with the exception of occasional dose-related drowsiness. Among the diphenylsilanediol-treated dogs, 3 developed liver disease, 2 developed definite pancreatic changes, and 2 showed evidence of bone marrow suppression. Four dogs died during treatment with diphenylsilanediol, whereas no deaths occurred during the same interval of primidone therapy. PMID- 7041707 TI - Rabies virus tropism in naturally infected skunks (Mephitis mephitis). PMID- 7041708 TI - Colonic anastomosis: evaluation of an end-to-end crushing and inverting technique. PMID- 7041709 TI - Vaccination studies of aspergillosis in turkeys: subcutaneous inoculation with several vaccine preparations followed by aerosol challenge exposure. AB - Five vaccines were prepared from an isolate of Aspergillus fumigatus: a culture filtrate vaccine (I), a spore vaccine (II), a mycelial vaccine (III), and 2 germling vaccines (IV and V). The 2 germling vaccines were produced on different media. Two experiments were conducted to test the vaccines for efficacy in groups of 21 turkey poults by giving each bird 2 subcutaneous inoculations of the respective vaccine at 1 and 2 weeks of age. The birds were challenge exposed to an aerosol of spores of A fumigatus at 1 month of age. The 2 experiments differed only in the challenge exposure. In experiment 1, 38% of the poults were protected when vaccinated with an A fumigatus germling vaccine (IV) and challenge exposed with a dose of aerosolized A fumigatus spores that killed 100% of the nonvaccinated controls. Onset of postchallenge-exposure deaths were delayed by 2 days in the turkeys given vaccine IV. In experiment 2, 48% of the poults were protected when given germling vaccine IV, whereas 62% to 86% of the poults in the nonvaccinated and 3 other vaccine groups died. In experiment 2, 50% of the poults given a mycelial vaccine (III) were protected. Torticollis was a frequent sign of the disease in experiment 2. PMID- 7041710 TI - End-point dilution-fluorescent antibody technique for cloning hog cholera virus. AB - Hog cholera virus was cloned by incubating selected pretitrated dilutions of the virus on PK-15 cell cultures for 2 hours. After a thorough washing, the coverslip cell cultures were overlaid with medium containing 0.1% hog cholera immune serum to prevent secondary foci. Forty-eight hours later, the cultures were vigorously washed and maintenance medium containing 5% bovine fetal serum was added. When examined by the fluorescent antibody technique 18 hours later, single plaques were observed in some cultures with no evidence of secondary foci. The virus clone subsequently yielded a homogeneous population of hog cholera virus that retained the characteristics of the parent strain; pathogenicity of the virus clone in pigs was demonstrated, and specific immunofluorescence occurred in infected cell cultures stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled antibody. The method used gave reasonable assurance of the cloned virus' freedom from extraneous agents. PMID- 7041711 TI - Transfer of drug resistance and enterotoxin production in porcine Escherichia coli strains and relationship between K88 antigen and raffinose (melitose) fermentation. AB - To obtain an indication of the frequency of drug resistance together with enterotoxin production in a select group of porcine E coli strains, those enterotoxigenic strains that were resistant to specific antimicrobial agents were mated as donors with nonenterotoxigenic E coli strains that were sensitive to these drugs as recipients. Seven of the 17 strains tested transferred drug resistance by direct mating. These 7 strains also transferred drug resistance following mobilization. The frequency of recipient conversion was increased following mobilization, as compared with the frequency of conversion resulting from direct mating. In 2 of these strains, enterotoxin production was transferred together with drug resistance. Eight strains transferred drug resistance only after mobilization, and in 2 of these, enterotoxin production was transferred simultaneously with resistance to the antimicrobial agents. In 2 of the 17 strains tested, neither transfer of drug resistance nor transfer of enterotoxin production could be achieved by direct mating or after mobilization. Thirty-nine porcine E coli strains were tested for K88 antigen production and raffinose (melitose) fermentation with a view toward determining whether raffinose fermentation could be used as a diagnostic tool for the detection of the K88 antigen. In 11 of the K88-positive strains tested, only 7 fermented raffinose. In the remaining 28 K88-negative strains, 17 fermented raffinose. Consequently no meaningful correlation existed between these 2 properties of porcine enterotoxigenic E coli strains. PMID- 7041712 TI - Efficacy of ivermectin against naturally acquired and experimentally induced nematode infections in sheep. AB - The activity of ivermectin against common nematode parasites of sheep was examined in 2 experiments. In the 1st experiment, 14 sheep with naturally acquired infections were assigned to 2 groups of 7 sheep each. Sheep in 1 group were treated with 200 micrograms of ivermectin/kg of body weight and the remainder served as nontreated controls. In the 2nd experiment, 15 sheep with experimentally supplemented infections (including a benzimidazole-resistant strain of Haemonchus contortus) were assigned to 3 groups of 5 each. The 1st group was treated with 200 micrograms of ivermectin/kg, the 2nd was treated with 88 mg of thiabendazole/kg, and the 3rd served as nontreated controls. Ten to 12 days after treatment, all sheep were euthanatized and necropsied, and the parasites they harbored were recovered and identified. Efficacy of ivermectin was excellent (greater than 96%) against Dictyocaulus filaria, H contortus, Ostertagia circumcinta, Marshallagia marshalli, Trichostrongylus axei, T colubriformis, and T vitrinus. Treatment was not as uniformly effective for Nematodirus spathiger (73% to 85%), N filicollis (80% to 96%), Cooperia curticei (92% to 100%), immature nematodes (92% to 100%), and early 4th-stage larvae (46% to 100%). Efficacy of thiabendazole was poor for H contortus (42%) and early 4th stage larvae in the abomasum (52%), but approached 100% for most of the other parasites. PMID- 7041713 TI - Gel electrophoresis-derived enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum from cows resistant to and cows susceptible to challenge exposure with Mycoplasma bovis. AB - The gel electrophoresis-derived enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GED-ELISA) technique combines the high resolving power of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to separate complex molecules by their molecular weights, with the high sensitivity of the ELISA to detect specific antibody, Sera from 4 cows that demonstrated resistance to challenge exposure and 4 cows that were susceptible to challenge exposure with live virulent Mycoplasma bovis strain 201 were subjected to GED-ELISA to determine reactivity with M bovis antigenic components separated by SDS-PAGE. The GED-ELISA mean reactivity of sera from the 2 groups did not differ significantly (P = 0.17) when subjected to analysis of variance. Sera from both groups recognized distinct fractions of M bovis. PMID- 7041714 TI - Antigen-extinction profile in pregnant cows, using a K99-containing whole-cell bacterin to induce passive protection against enterotoxigenic colibacillosis of calves. PMID- 7041715 TI - Radiographic characterization of diaphragmatic excursion in halothane anesthetized ponies: spontaneous and controlled ventilation systems. AB - A radiograph technique for identification of diaphragmatic segments and quantitation of their contribution to total diaphragmatic function was developed. five anesthetized ponies were studied on 3 separate occasions. Studies were made of the ponies in left lateral recumbency at 2 anesthetic levels (1 and 2 minimal alveolar anesthetic concentrations; halothane) and under spontaneous and controlled ventilation systems. General pattern of diaphragmatic displacement was unchanged by increased depth of anesthesia. Controlled ventilation altered the pattern of diaphragmatic displacement. Diaphragmatic displacement and regional volume changes were a function of active contraction or passive movement. PMID- 7041716 TI - Evaluation of three immunodiagnostic procedures for porcine strongyloidiasis. AB - An indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), an indirect radioimmune antibody test (IRAT), and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent antibody assay (ELISA) were compared for their efficacies in detecting antibody to Strongyloides ransomi in pigs. The greatest sensitivity was exhibited by the ELISA, using a soluble, whole larval extract. The 2 indirect antibody assays, IFAT and IRAT, using intact 3rd stage larvae (L3) were comparable in sensitivities. The use of live L3 in the IFAT and IRAT presented technical problems, because the larvae shed antibody complexes at ambient room temperature. This could be inhibited by the addition of 20 mM of sodium azide to all working solutions or by doing the tests at 4 C. Fixation of the L3 by either formalin or heat also eliminated the shedding problem. The specificities of the ELISA and IFAT were supported by the negative results obtained with serum from pigs infected with Ascaris suum, Stephanurus dentatus, and Trichinella spiralis. PMID- 7041717 TI - Plasma zinc and iron concentrations as measurements for evaluating the influence of endotoxin-neutralizing agents in Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced mastitis. AB - The influence of bacterial lipopolysaccharides on plasma Zn and Fe concentrations and the endotoxin-neutralizing capacity of polymyxin B was studied in 3 dairy cows. Also, the feasibility of using plasma Zn and Fe concentrations as measurements for evaluating the influence of endotoxin-neutralizing agents in Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced mastitis was studied. A positive relationship was ascertained between the dose of endotoxin given intramammarily (IMM) and the effect on mean values of plasma Zn and Fe concentrations. Seemingly, IMM administration of polymyxin B-sulfate before the IMM administration of E coli endotoxin partially blocked the effects of endotoxin, as shown by decreases in plasma Zn and Fe. PMID- 7041718 TI - Chemoprophylaxis. PMID- 7041719 TI - The tuberculin skin test. PMID- 7041720 TI - Disease transmission and contagion control. PMID- 7041721 TI - Tuberculosis and medical science. PMID- 7041722 TI - BCG vaccination. PMID- 7041723 TI - The surgery for pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 7041724 TI - Clinical trials in pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 7041725 TI - Chemotherapy for tuberculosis today. PMID- 7041726 TI - Antigen-induced recruitment of circulating lymphocytes to the lungs and hilar lymph nodes of mice challenged intratracheally with alloantigens. AB - Little is known about the traffic of lymphocytes within the lung and hilar lymph nodes and even less is known about the alterations in such traffic after immunization of animals via the trachea. To explore these phenomena, we developed an intrapulmonary immune response to alloantigens in mice by depositing semiallogeneic spleen cells into their tracheas. We studied lymphocyte traffic in this model by two assays. In one, we assessed the recruitment of nonspecific 51Cr labeled resting lymphocytes to the lungs and hilar node and in the other, a dual antigen, dual-isotope assay, we measured the recruitment of both allospecific and nonspecific labeled blast cells to the lungs and hilar nodes. The results indicated: (1) that circulating T lymphocytes that have recently synthesized DNA (blast cells) are retained in lungs and hilar lymph nodes of challenged mice far more readily than a circulating resting T lymphocytes, and (2) that there is at least some preferential retention of lymphocytes with specific reactivity to the alloantigen used for immunization. Although lymphocyte recruitment to the lungs and hilar nodes was observed during the entire 5-day postchallenge interval, most of the allospecific recruitment occurred during the first 48 hours. PMID- 7041727 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics in trauma. AB - Clinical and laboratory experience has shown that prophylactic antibiotics may be effective in trauma when the period of contamination is brief, defined and predictable. Prevention of infections has been achieved in the treatment of penetrating abdominal wounds, open fractures, and early wounds that can be adequately debrided and closed. Prophylactic antibiotics do not prevent infection in wounds left open, in wounds that are incompletely debrided or treated very late, following tracheal intubation, after urinary tract catheterization, or after vascular cannulation. Continuing contamination is the primary reason for ineffectiveness in these situations, and the prolonged use of prophylactic antibiotics only serves to make the ensuing infections antibiotic-resistant. Prophylactic antibiotics should be administered for only a brief period of time, i.e., immediately preoperatively, intraoperatively, and for only a short while postoperatively. In studies of the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in elective clean-contaminated or contaminated operations, only a single dose of antibiotics has been shown to be effective, and prolonged administration may actually increase the incidence of infection. On the other hand, such studies have not been reported in patients with trauma. Prophylactic topical antibiotics may be used either alone or as an adjunct to systemic antibiotics, but if used in conjunction with systemic antibiotics, the topical antibiotic should be of a different type to prevent potential toxicity. PMID- 7041728 TI - Continuous intravenous vasopressin in active upper gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Sixty patients with active upper gastrointestinal bleeding were randomized to received either continuous intravenous infusions of vasopressin (29 patients) or placebo (31 patients) at a rate of 40 U/h. Six hours after beginning the study, 13 patients in the vasopressin group and 11 in the placebo group] had ceased bleeding (p = 0.46). By 24 hours. 17 patients in the vasopressin group and 14 in the placebo group had stopped bleeding (p = 0.30). Restriction of the analysis to patients bleeding from varices showed no advantage with vasopressin treatment after 6 or 24 hours. No consistent trend favoring use of vasopressin to stop hemorrhage was noted during the 30-month study period. There was little difference between the two groups in the number of patients needing surgery (13 on vasopressin, 18 on placebo; p = 0.30) or the number of deaths (eight on vasopressin, 11 on placebo; p = 0.51); the transfusion requirement was the same. In our patients, a continuous intravenous infusion of vasopressin neither controlled bleeding nor altered outcome. PMID- 7041729 TI - Danazol. AB - Danazol, approved 5 years ago for the treatment of pelvic endometriosis, has recently been approved for treating cystic disease of the breast. As the mechanisms of action of this drug are made clear, the clinical syndromes that can be treated by this impeded androgen have increased dramatically. Results of controlled prospective clinical studies on the drug have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of several poorly understood diseases. Danazol is well tolerated by most patients; the side effects are mild and reversible. PMID- 7041730 TI - Diabetes mellitus. AB - Diabetes mellitus is classified into two major categories: type I, which is insulin dependent, and type II, which is not. Insulin resistance in type II diabetes may be related to impaired receptor binding in some forms of the disorder. In the past, diabetes in pregnant women resulted in high rates of maternal and infant mortality. During the past 10 years, however, better management of maternal diabetes has led to a significant sharp reduction in maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The long-term outcome of insulin dependent diabetes remains gloomy, probably because adequate control of the disease has rarely been achieved. Recently, more stringent efforts have been made to achieve tighter control. Frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels at home and use of constant infusion insulin pumps may help to achieve this end until successful islet transplantation is feasible. PMID- 7041732 TI - The maltose system as a tool in molecular biology. PMID- 7041731 TI - Surgery in active endocarditis. AB - The role of surgery before the completion of a standard course of antibiotics in endocarditis continues to evolve. The most commonly cited indications for surgery include heart failure, repeated emboli, resistant infection, large vegetations seen by echocardiography, and deep tissue involvement. It has also been suggested that any prosthetic valve infected with a nonstreptococcal pathogen should be considered for early replacement. We discuss the rationale behind surgical intervention, critically review the pertinent literature, and propose guidelines for the clinical management of these patients. PMID- 7041733 TI - Some current problems in the study of the mechanism of protein localization in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7041734 TI - Genetic approaches to study export of LamB to the outer membrane. AB - We are studying the molecular mechanism of cellular protein localization. The availability of genetic techniques, such as gene fusion in Escherichia coli, has made this subject particularly amenable to study in this prokaryote. We have constructed a variety of strains in which the gene coding for an outer membrane protein is fused to the gene coding for a normally cytoplasmic enzyme, beta galactosidase. The hybrid protein produced by such strains retain beta galactosidase activity; this activity serves as a simple biochemical tag for studying the localization of the outer membrane protein. In addition, we have exploited phenotypes exhibited by certain fusion strains to isolate mutants that are altered in the process of protein export. Genetic and biochemical analyses of such mutants have provided important insights into the mechanism of protein localization. PMID- 7041735 TI - Reconsidering the early steps of protein secretion. AB - We have reviewed a unique mutation affecting the hydrophilic segment of the lambda-receptor signal sequence. Considering the implications of this mutation, we have proposed a model depicting early steps of protein secretion. The salient, novel features of this model are as follows. 1) The model explicitly states that the LamB protein must initiate the export process to be synthesized. Commitment to synthesis occur subsequent to an interaction between the hydrophilic segment of the signal sequence and a membrane export site, the initial interaction between the nascent secreted protein and the membrane. Implicit in this concept is obligatory co-translational secretion of lambda receptor. 2) We suggest the existence of a "stop translation" sequence. The role of this sequence is to halt translation in order to allow sufficient time for the hydrophilic portion of the signal sequence to initiate export by interacting with a membrane receptor. 3) We suggest that at least part of the "stop translation" sequence is located down stream from the signal sequence, after residue 15 of the mature LamB protein. 4) We further speculate, albeit in the absence of direct evidence, that the hydrophobic portion of the signal sequence may also be part of the "stop translation" sequence. PMID- 7041736 TI - Co-translational insertion of envelope proteins: theoretical consideration and implications. AB - In this paper we examine some of the quantitative consequences of co translational insertion of outer membrane proteins (OMP). Due to the linkage of OMP-synthesizing polysomes to the cell envelope, the whole machinery involved in the synthesis of OMP must necessarily be membrane-bound and dynamic. Implications of the model are discussed. PMID- 7041737 TI - Aspects of maltose transport in Escherichia coli: established facts and educated guesses. AB - The transport system can translocate maltose and maltodextrins (up to 7 glucose moieties) in chemically unmodified form against concentration gradients that can reach 1:10(5). To overcome the problems of diffusion of substrate across the outer membrane at substrate concentrations below 0.1 mM, the receptor for phage lambda has to be present in the outer membrane. The facilitated diffusion via the lambda receptor is accomplished by its interaction with maltose-binding protein. The maltose-binding protein-substrate complex, but not free substrates is recognized at the cytoplasmic membrane. This implies that the maltose-binding protein is essential for substrate translocation and that the cytoplasmic membrane has no second maltodextrin recognition site. Substrate translocation through the cytoplasmic membrane is tightly coupled to energy consumption and unidirectionally inward. The energy source used for substrate accumulation is not the electrochemical potential of protons, but phosphate-bound energy, likely to be ATP. In mutants that are blocked in maltose metabolism, exit of maltose occurs in chemically modified form as acetylmaltose. It is energy-dependent, blocked by uncouplers of the proton-conductive type and is stimulated by energy sources. It is not mediated by any malB-dependent function. The membrane-bound components of the system may establish a non-specific pore that is triggered by its interaction with the maltose-binding protein bound to its substrate. After translocation of one molecule substrate the pore has to be re-energized, possibly by ATP hydrolysis. PMID- 7041738 TI - The maltose-maltodextrin transport system of Escherichia coli. AB - The general features of the active transport system for maltose and maltodextrins are described. Two cytoplasmic membrane components have been identified with the aid of lacZ-gene fusions. One protein (MalF) is an integral membrane protein. The other protein (MalK) seems to be a peripheral membrane protein on the inner aspect of the membrane. PMID- 7041739 TI - Maltose and maltodextrin transport in Escherichia coli. AB - Escherichia coli K12 strains producing reduced amounts of LamB protein (one tenth the wild type amount) grow normally on dextrins but transport maltose at a concentration of 1 microM at about one tenth the normal rate. Dex--lamB missense mutants were found as derivatives of these strains. These Dex- mutants had a structurally altered LamB protein in the outer membrane, impaired in its interaction with phages lambda and K10, inefficient in maltose transport at low concentration (10 microM and below). The Dex- mutants still produced one tenth the wild type amount of the LamB protein as the parental Dex+ strains. Analysis of Dex+ revertants showed that the phenotype reverts to Dex+ when the altered LamB protein is made in wild type amounts. Even though they were Dex+, these revertants were still drastically altered in maltose transport at low concentration. PMID- 7041740 TI - Reconstitution of maltose transport in malB and malA mutants of Escherichia coli. AB - Pretreatment of lamB cells for 3 h with 10 mM Tris, pH 7.2, containing 25 mM Ca++ resulted in a Ca++-induced shift of the apparent Km of the maltose transport system from about 100 microM to about 15 microM. In contrast to maltose transport in untreated cells, that of Ca++-treated lamB cells was inhibited by anti-MBP (maltose-binding protein) antibodies. The calcium-induced permeability increase of the outer membrane allowed reconstitution of maltose transport in a malE mutant upon exposure to shock fluid or purified MBP. The efficiency of reconstitution, as judged by the Km of the maltose transport system in reconstituted cells, was rather high (Km = 5 microM). Vmax was around 20% of the wild-type. The rapid increase in maltose transport between 2' and 30' of incubation with shock fluid indicated that MBP readily entered the periplasm of Ca++-treated cells. Maltose transport continued for at least 1 h after washing the reconstituted cells. Surprisingly, Ca++ treatment also seemed to allow partial reconstitution of maltose transport in strain SF1701 malT::Tn10 after incubation with cell-free extracts of strain pop1740 malB,malTc. PMID- 7041741 TI - Maltose transacetylase of Escherichia coli: a preliminary report. AB - Crude extracts of Escherichia coli K12 contain an enzyme that is able to transfer the acetyl group of acetyl-co-enzyme A to maltose (maltose transacetylase). Half maximal acetylation occurs at about 20 microM acetyl-coenzyme A. Half maximal concentration of maltose has not been determined precisely, but it is clear that it exceeds 10 mM. The appearance of maltose transacetylase is not induced by growth on maltose. Mutants carrying a defect in the malT gene, the positive regulator for the well known malA and malB regions, exhibit elevated levels of maltose transacetylase. The gene coding for the enzyme is not known that mutant analysis demonstrated that it is not part of malA, malB or malT. In addition, it is clear that the enzyme is not identical with thiogalactoside transacetylase, the gene product of the lacA gene. Besides maltose, maltodextrins and thiomaltose are substrates for maltose transacetylase. PMID- 7041742 TI - Special features of chemotaxis towards maltose. PMID- 7041743 TI - Membrane potential stimulated binding of the maltose-binding protein to membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli. AB - We show in this study that radioactively labelled purified maltose-binding protein of Escherichia coli binds specifically to membrane vesicles, in the presence of maltose. When a potential is imposed across the membrane, the specific binding is increased, dependent on maltose, abolished in a mutant defective in the tar-gene product, one of the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins. PMID- 7041744 TI - Structural investigations of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli. AB - The receptor of phage lambda of Escherichia coli W3110, and matrix porin from E. coli BE have been crystallized. Porin occurs in two crystal forms whose packing arrangements are different, allowing the conclusion that crystal growth occurs from monodisperse protein-detergent complexes. The tetragonal form yields resolution to 2.9 A. The hexagonal form allows conclusive support for the hypothesis that a large fraction of the polypeptide is present in beta-pleated sheet structure with the strands nearly parallel to the normal of the membrane plane. PMID- 7041745 TI - Sequence studies on the maltose-binding protein of Escherichia coli. AB - The amino terminal sequence of the maltose-binding protein as well as the leader region were reported earlier [2]. The amino acid composition of the protein indicated that the protein has no cysteine and very few methionine, arginine and histidine residues. In contrast, the residues of lysine, alanine and aspartic acid (or asparagine) account for about a third of the approximately 360 amino acid residues in the protein. Five cyanogen bromide peptides ranging in size from 10 to 154 residues have now been isolated by Sephadex G50 and G100 gel filtration. These five peptides account for the whole protein. Sequence determination of these fragments as well as of others has now been initiated. PMID- 7041746 TI - Presentation of the maltose system and of the workshop. PMID- 7041747 TI - Structure of the malB regulatory interval. PMID- 7041748 TI - Synthesis of mRNA of malB operons at specific stages in the cell cycle of Escherichia coli. AB - The mRNA synthesis of the malB operons was examined using synchronous cultures of Escherichia coli. mRNA of the malB operons were synthetized in cell cycle specific manners different from the bulk mRNA synthesis. The synthesis occurred in two stages during a cell cycle, one in the middle of the cycle and the other at the time slightly before cell division. Identification of the species of mRNA revealed that the malK-lamB operon was preferably transcribed in the former stage of the cycle while a major fraction of mRNA of the malE-malF operon was synthesized in the later stage. PMID- 7041749 TI - Genetic studies concerning the mechanism of secretion of the maltose-binding protein of Escherichia coli. AB - Strains of Escherichia coli have been isolated in which the malE-gene encoding the periplasmic maltose-binding protein has been used to the lacZ-gene encoding the cytoplasmic enzyme beta-galactosidase. Certain of these strains synthesize malE-lacZ hybrid proteins that retain beta-galactosidase enzyme activity. The unusual properties of these fusion strains, at variance with our original predictions, have provided us the means to initiate a detailed genetic analysis of the protein export process. PMID- 7041750 TI - Stimulation by insulin of transepithelial sodium transport. PMID- 7041751 TI - Effects of insulin on alkali-cation movements across muscle and epithelial cell membranes. PMID- 7041752 TI - Meniere's disease: endolymphatic sac decompression compared with sham (placebo) decompression. AB - The placebo effect in surgery for Meniere's disease was investigated in a double blind, controlled surgery by comparing the effect of a regular endolymphatic shunt with the effect of a purely placebo operation (regular mastoidectomy). Thirty patients with typical Meniere's disease participated in the study. They were selected for surgery because of unsuccessful medical treatment and were chosen randomly for each treatment group. The patients filled in daily dizziness questionnaires for 3 months before and 12 months after surgery, registering nausea, vomiting, vertigo, tinnitus, hearing impairment, and pressure in the ears. The patients were operated on in two university ENT departments. Those operated on in one department were controlled each month at the other department, and vice versa. At the termination of the trial, the investigators as well as the patients gave their overall opinion of the efficacy of the operation. Minor differences could be demonstrated between the active and the placebo group, but the greatest difference in symptoms was found when comparing pre- and postoperative scores, in which both groups improved significantly. PMID- 7041753 TI - Applications of scanning electron microscopy to taphonomic problems. PMID- 7041754 TI - Archaeological toxicology. PMID- 7041755 TI - Assessment of paleonutrition from skeletal remains. PMID- 7041756 TI - Trace elements, nutritional status, and social stratification at Etowah, Georgia. PMID- 7041757 TI - Comparative immunoglobulin synthesis by blood lymphocytes of myasthenics and normals. PMID- 7041758 TI - Identification of human thymic epithelial cells with antibodies to thymosin alpha 1 in myasthenia gravis. AB - Thymosin-alpha 1 (alpha 1) is a potent thymic polypeptide hormone. Using anti alpha 1 antibodies, we applied indirect immunofluorescence to human normal thymus of different ages and to hyperplastic, thymomatous, and "involuted" thymus of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. Alpha 1 was localized only in the epithelial cells, lying singly, grouped, in Hassell's corpuscles, and proliferated in thymomas. Whereas normal thymuses and fewer and weakly stained cells, MG thymuses had many strongly positive epithelial cells; this was more evident in thymomas. Germinal centers were unstained. "Involuted" MG thymuses had small islands of brightly stained cells lying among the fatty tissue. In cultured thymuses from three MG patients, epithelial cells but not fibroblasts were brightly stained for alpha 1. Our findings (a) demonstrate the location, and presumably the origin, of alpha 1 to be the thymic epithelial cell; (b) suggest the possibility that excess alpha 1, because of its known effect on T-lymphocyte maturation and transformation of precursors to helper T-cells, may act pathologically to facilitate and perpetuate the dysimmune mechanism in MG; (c) may partially explain the beneficial effect of thymectomy in MG patients of any age; and (d) indicate that epithelial cells may be autonomous for the production of alpha 1 as evidenced by their alpha 1 positivity in culture. PMID- 7041759 TI - Splenic and total-body irradiation treatment of myasthenia gravis. AB - X-irradiation is introduced as a new therapeutic technique in the treatment of otherwise intractable myasthenia gravis (MG) and polymyositis (PM), on the basis that these dysimmune diseases are "lymphocyte dyscrasias" and that lymphocytes are the circulating cells most sensitive to x-irradiation. Splenic irradiation, 1000 rads per two-week course, repeated up to three courses, in five MG patients produced objective improvement in three and subjective improvement in another. The improvement was transient and accompanied by a temporary lymphocytopoenia. Total Body Irradiation (TBI), 150 rads over five weeks, in one polymyositis patient was followed by remarkable improvement, sustained and still increasing now after one year, associated with a sustained lymphocytopoenia. One MG patient has had definite improvement, maintained to the present, seven months after TBI, associated with persistent lymphocytopoenia. We suggest TBI may also be a treatment applicable to other types of dysimmune (autoimmune) diseases. PMID- 7041760 TI - Vision-threatening glaucoma following cataract surgery. AB - In four patients, vision-threatening acute glaucoma occurred following routine uncomplicated cataract surgery. Intraocular pressure remained elevated despite maximum tolerated medical therapy, requiring glaucoma filtering surgery in all four cases. Enzyme zonulolysis, water-tight wound closure, and compression of angle structures by wound sutures are discussed as contributing factors in the development of this postoperative acute glaucoma. PMID- 7041761 TI - Management of paralytic ectropion. AB - Details of a surgical technique for permanent correction of paralytic ectropion are presented. The method has been successfully used in six patients over the past two years, all of whom improved. We feel that this is the procedure of choice in long standing paralytic ectropion. PMID- 7041762 TI - A microsurgical approach to the management of intraocular foreign bodies with massive tissue damage. PMID- 7041763 TI - [The use of the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube for immediate control of bleeding esophageal varices (author's transl)]. AB - A series of 34 applications of the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube to control bleeding from esophageal varices in 23 patients is described. The tube has been an effective method of emergency control of bleeding. Considerable attention has therefore been given to this methods because the operative mortality is substantially reduced if the procedure is performed electively after massive hemorrhage is controlled and blood volume has been replaced. This interval also allows for assessment and correction of liver function, fluid and electrolyte balance and coagulation mechanism. The most common serious complications are reported. PMID- 7041764 TI - [Electrotherapy in the 18th century. Electrophysiology and electrotherapy research by Piedmont scholars]. PMID- 7041765 TI - [Felice Fontana precursor of neurosciences (author's transl)]. AB - The A.A. insert the life and work of the naturalist and chemist Felice Fontana, born in Pomarolo (Trentino), in the frame of 18th century sciences, beside other great names of that century like Carolus Linnaeus, Reaumur, von Haller, Spallanzani, Morgagni, Priestley and Lavoisier. In the field of general biology, the discovery of nucleus and nucleolus and consequently the discovery of the eukaryotic cell, as we say in our days, in his, as well as the one of anabiosis. The A.A. enucleate and analyse the contributions of Fontana to the neurosciences; he has discovered the axon and the myelinic sheath half century before Remak and Purknije; he found out that the white matter of the brain is made of fibres alike those of nerves and the grey matter is made of globules (i.e. cells) mixed up with fibres; he discovered in the retina a part of coming out from the brain; he described the transversal bands of fibres of the skeletal muscles; he was the first to introduce into physiology the law of "all and nothing"; he attributed the irritability to the whole animal life; he identified the pupillar reflexes to the light, the reflex of accommodation, the consensual reflex, the psycho-emotive mydriasis and at last the myosis of sleep. He made experimental searches about nerves and recognised their regeneration, he enumerated various pathological intracranial masses, he made an important anatomopathological research about hydatid cyst in the brain of the sheep affected by "capostorno" and madness, he demonstrated their parasitical nature (he said that the hydated cysts were covered inside by small animals), he come out to formulate the hypothesis that some neuropsychiatric diseases of man can depend from similar aetiology. He declared that passions may have pathological effects (psyco-somatic aetiology), but he has also drawned the attention against the danager of aprioristical generalisation of neurogenical causes in all diseases. The A.A. give to Fontana the palm of precursor of modern neurosciences and of neurology intended as synthesis and unified corpus of these sciences. PMID- 7041766 TI - [Notes on the development of physical education and medical gymnastics in Italy]. PMID- 7041767 TI - [The area around Castagneto Po and the waters of San Genesio near Chivasso]. PMID- 7041768 TI - [Computerized electroencephalography in acute cerebral ischaemia (author's transl)]. AB - Physiopathological, clinical and therapeutical problems of acute cerebral ischaemia and brain infarction are briefly discussed. In the opinion of the Authors, a first valuable approach to the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions is afforded by the computerized electroencephalography (Berg Fourier Analysis). This investigations proved to be a safe, easy and reliable tool for testing and monitoring the effectiveness of individually selected drugs in early phases of cerebral ischaemia. PMID- 7041769 TI - [Study of a programmed release preparation of betahistine mesylate in the treatment of Meniere's disease (author's transl)]. AB - The efficacy/tolerance ratio of a new form of betahistidine salt was studied in patients with Meniere's disease or isolated tinnitus. The study was divided into two stages: first, a conventional open trial, then a comparative cross-over trial. Analysis of efficacy scores showed that the drug was clearly effective in relieving vertigo and associated symptoms and had no clinical or biochemical side effects. PMID- 7041770 TI - Characteristics of tissue plasminogen activator from paranasal mucous membrane in chronic sinusitis. AB - Tissue extract of paranasal mucous membrane from patients with chronic sinusitis was found to show a large lysis area on plasminogen-rich fibrin plates, but not on plasminogen-free fibrin plates. This indicates the existence of tissue plasminogen activator in the tissue extract. Further studies by the gel filtration technique showed that two plasminogen activators of different molecular weights were present in the tissue extract. The existence of tissue plasminogen activator with a low molecular weight has not previously been reported. This activator is labile at neutral pH at 37 degrees C, but stable on fibrin under the above conditions. The molecular weight of this compound is lower than that of cytochrome c. It may be a compound which is proteolytically modified by proteases, ie, trypsin-like enzymes, existing in the paranasal mucous membrane tissue of patients with chronic sinusitis. PMID- 7041771 TI - Granulocyte proteases in middle ear effusions. PMID- 7041772 TI - [Comparative study of the immunopathology of skin lesions and circulating immune complexes in leucocytoclastic vasculitis (Gougerot-Ruiter's disease) (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report 10 cases of selected leucocytoclastic vasculitis (Gougerot Ruiter's disease) and 20 cases of various vasculitis. Direct immunofluorescent studies were performed on the skin lesions. Complement deposition was found in all 10 cases of leucocytoclastic vasculitis, as opposed to immunoglobulin deposition found only in 4 out of 10 cases. In all 10 cases of leucocytoclastic vasculitis circulating immune complexes were detected by 2 p. 100 polyethylene glycol precipitation and by the C1q binding assay. Different classes of immunoglobulins were found in the circulating immune complexes suggesting the existence of different types of immune complexes in the disease. We found no correlation between the type of circulating immune complexes and skin deposits of immunoglobulins. The authors discuss the different physiopathological mechanisms which may be involved in the development of leucocytoclastic vasculitis. PMID- 7041773 TI - [Acquired epidermolysis bullosa with Crohn's disease. Report of two cases and review of literature (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of acquired epidermolysis bullosa (A. E. B.) are reported in patients suffering from Crohn's disease. Microscopic examination showed in both cases a subepidermal blister with pieces of basal membrane among the roof of the blister. In the second case, linear deposits of IgG and C3 were observed by direct immunofluorescence at the dermoepidermal junction in the juxtalesional skin. No circulating antiepidermis antibody were found by indirect immunofluorescence in any of the two cases. Presence of immune complexes was evidenced. A review is presented of similar cases in the literature and of the frequence of the pathological associations. No peculiar feature of A. E. B. when associated to Crohn's disease was found: the course of the two diseases is independent; however, we did observe an improvement of skin lesions by the time of the intestinal remission in the first case. The pathogenesis of this association is still unclear. Autoimmune mechanism might possible play a role, but is still unknown. PMID- 7041774 TI - [Chronic septic granulomatosis]. PMID- 7041775 TI - Nipple-areola reconstruction after mastectomy. AB - Hypopigmentation, fibrosis, and the risk of autotransplantation of malignant cells have resulted in diminished enthusiasm for preserving the nipple-areolar complex after mastectomy. Adequate color match for areola reconstruction can be obtained with a full-thickness medial groin graft after breast mound symmetry has been achieved. Both a single-stage and a two-stage technique are described for nipple reconstruction. These techniques use existing approaches with some modification, and provide nipple-areolar complexes that are symmetrical, have satisfactory color match, and provide good nipple projection. Most important, the contralateral nipple-areolar complex is not violated. It can be dealt with as deemed best in terms of cancer prophylaxis. PMID- 7041776 TI - The team approach in orofacial management. AB - Successful treatment of head and neck deformities by the plastic and maxillofacial surgeon often involves participation of the speech pathologist and orthodontist in planning therapy and helping the patient adapt to the surgery performed. Patients are presented demonstrating the communication in treatment planning and implementation recommended between surgeon, speech pathologist, and orthodontist. We describe the tools of examination used in the Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery at Duke University Medical Center. PMID- 7041777 TI - The origins of modern neuroscience. PMID- 7041778 TI - Developmental neurobiology and the natural history of nerve growth factor. PMID- 7041779 TI - Cortical neurobiology: a slanted historical perspective. PMID- 7041780 TI - Immunology of kidney transplantation. AB - Despite the increasing knowledge of antigen recognition, tissue matching, effector mechanisms and immune suppression, rejection of renal transplants remains a major problem. This article reviews some of these problems and discusses HLA matching in cadaveric and live related transplants, pregraft blood transfusion and the immunological evaluation of the potential and transplanted recipient. PMID- 7041781 TI - The nephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus--a review. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease of unknown aetiology. Its hallmark is anti-nucleic acid antibodies and it is accompanied by variable clinical, serologic, and histologic signs. Renal involvement in SLE has been documented for over 50 years; it represents one of the most serious complications of this systemic disorder. Although our understanding of the pathogenesis and natural history of lupus nephropathy is still inadequate, it is nevertheless more comprehensive than in most other forms of glomerulonephritis. This paper will review current concepts in the pathogenesis, histologic classification, clinical course, clinico-pathological correlation and therapeutic strategy of lupus nephropathy. PMID- 7041782 TI - A rapid, simple and reliable test for the routine identification of urease producing gram-negative bacteria. AB - The present investigation was prompted by the need to find a simple, rapid, reliable and low-cost method for the routine identification of urease producing bacteria. This method uses Nessler's reagent as an indicator of the presence of volatile ammonia produced by organisms which possess urease. The proposed method is comparable to the conventional Christensen's agar method, but is simpler and more rapid to perform. PMID- 7041783 TI - Improved immunodiagnosis of neutrophil dysfunction in the newborn and infant. AB - An improved assay for the simultaneous assessment of phagocytic uptake (via Immunobeads) and metabolic integrity (via nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction) was used to evaluate the neutrophil function in neonates, one year olds, and adults. The unique advantage of this assay is that it offers greater standardization since the beads are commercially available with a known quantity of immunoglobulin bound to their surface which allows for considerably less variation than particles opsonized in vivo. Blood samples were collected from 20 full term healthy neonates, 20 healthy one year olds, and 20 healthy adults. The neutrophils were isolated, and phagocytic and killing function compared among the three groups. It was found that the neonates had a small but significant neutrophil dysfunction with respect to phagocytic and intracellular killing ability when compared to the one year olds and adults. Additionally, blood was collected and evaluated from five premature infants with varying degrees of stress. Their neutrophil dysfunction was much more pronounced. Although it was previously thought that full term healthy neonates have no demonstrable neutrophil dysfunction unless stressed in some manner, a subtle dysfunction was identified even in unstressed neonates. It was, however, found to be more pronounced if the neonate was either premature or stressed in some manner. It is hoped that this assay, through its greater sensitivity and ease of standardization, will uncover subtle neutrophil dysfunctions in various disease states that as yet remain undiagnosed. The clinical significance of such subtle neutrophil dysfunctions is not yet known. PMID- 7041784 TI - Disorders of calcium homeostasis in the fetus and neonate. AB - The physiological mechanisms involved in the alterations in calcium homeostasis during pregnancy are complex. The fetal acquisition of calcium, for skeletal growth, is obtained by an increase in intestinal calcium absorption in the mother with transplacental calcium transfer to the fetus. The regulation of calcium homeostasis during the transition from the intrauterine to the extrauterine environment is complex and poorly understood. Within the first few hours of life the serum calcium concentrations begins to fall progressively reaching a "trough" value by the second or third day of life and then increases to normal values by the tenth day of life. In some neonates the fall in calcium concentration is sufficient to be associated with either tetany or convulsions. Hypocalcemia is probably the commonest disturbance of calcium homeostasis that occurs in the neonate and can be subdivided into three main groups on the basis of the etiological mechanism involved. Other disorders of calcium homeostasis that may affect the neonate include hypoparathyroidism, either congenital or acquired, pseudohypoparathyroidism, and vitamin D deficiency. Hypercalcemia may occur, but is a relatively rare occurrence in the neonate. PMID- 7041785 TI - [Role of the microtubules in the organization of the Golgi complex (author's transl)]. AB - Tubulin, clathrin and a protein specific for the Golgi apparatus have been localized in cultures of rat fibroblasts using immunofluorescent techniques. These three antigens are concentrated at a single pole of the cell in close contact with the nucleus. Depolymerization of microtubules induced by colcemid treatment was accompanied by a redistribution of the clathrin and also of the specific Golgi antigen to the cell periphery. During mitosis, clathrin and the Golgi antigen are localized in the area where the microtubules are abundant. The significance of the localization of proteins associated with distinct organelles observed under the aforementioned conditions is discussed. PMID- 7041786 TI - [Relationships between seminal enzymes and fertility (author's transl)]. AB - Various enzyme activities can be detected in human seminal plasma; these are mainly hydrolases which traduct high proteolytic activities. Acid phosphatase constitutes the best prostatic marker, while alpha glucosidase characterizes well epididymal function. The enzymatic equipment of spermatozoa -excepted for acrosin is very similar to that of seminal plasma, which suggests that most of sperm enzymes are incorporated from male genital secretions. Tight relationships exist between the enzymatic equipment of spermatozoa and their fertilizing capacity: motility is depending of enzymes contained in sperm mid piece and flagellum; acrosomal enzymes are necessary for penetration of oocytes. However we could only very rarely explain some case of male sterility by defect of semen enzymes. PMID- 7041787 TI - Carbohydrate conservation in the obese: a theory to explain the ease of weight gain. AB - Changes in the blood concentrations of non-chylomicron triglycerides, insulin, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and alanine in response to a 4.18-MJ (1,000-kcal) meal were measured in 15 obese and 15 lean volunteers. No differences between the two groups either in quantity or in the pattern of change were detected in the triglycerides, glucose or alanine during the 7-hour period of study. Insulin levels were significantly higher in the obese subjects 1.25 h after the start of the meal, but at no other time. Plasma NEFA were initially depressed in both groups, but thereafter rose to much higher levels in the lean subjects. The results support the hypothesis that the obese conserve more of their ingested carbohydrate as liver glycogen for use between meals, and thereby avoid the high energy cost of fat synthesis. PMID- 7041788 TI - Prednisone improves chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy more than no treatment. AB - Of 40 patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), 28 completed a controlled three-month trial of prednisone. Prednisone was shown to cause a small but significant improvement over no treatment in scored neurological disability, some measures of computer-assisted sensory detection threshold, graded muscle strength, and some attributes of nerve conduction. No subset of patients was more likely than another to be responsive to prednisone; those with a progressive course were as likely to be responsive as recurrent cases. This finding provides further justification for classifying progressive with recurrent cases as CIDP and demonstrates that prednisone treatment should not be withheld from patients with progressive disease. PMID- 7041789 TI - Avian flight energetics. AB - Flight energy is an important factor in the lives of birds. Many strategies and adaptations serve to minimize energy cost and to allow a range of performance consistent with a bird's ecological needs. Theoretical methods can produce good estimates of flight energy that suggest why flight adaptations occur; but remarkably little is known of the physiological adaptations required by flight, or of how these change, a I believe they must, in relation to ecology and flight behavior. More data on the metabolic power consumption of birds in natural flight would be valuable, but it is more important to determine the changes in internal metabolic processes associated with different levels of flight activity. Muscle efficiency in flight, in particular, may have substantial implications for our understanding of the energetic performance of birds. This is but one of a variety of unknown quantities, and only when the mechanisms that determine these are more deeply investigated can flight adaptations be completely understood. PMID- 7041790 TI - Local control of intestinal oxygenation and blood flow. PMID- 7041791 TI - Energetics of locomotion in endothermic insects. PMID- 7041792 TI - Recent advances in renal morphology. PMID- 7041794 TI - Biological importance of nephron heterogeneity. PMID- 7041793 TI - Heterogeneity of tubular transport processes in the nephron. PMID- 7041795 TI - The fate of circulating amines within the pulmonary circulation. AB - Pulmonary biogenic amine clearance is a carrier-mediated drug sensitive process associated with uptake into endothelial cells and subsequent metabolism by monoamine oxidase and other enzymes. Its function seems to be maintenance of arterial circulatory homeostasis by biochemically regulating circulating vasoactive hormones. Numerous pulmonary pathologic conditions are associated with alterations in these functions. However, a more precise physiologic role remains to be defined. Areas for further research include: 1. Comparative studies on the ability of endothelium from extrapulmonary and pulmonary vasculatures to extract and metabolize vasoactive amines and other humoral substances. This work must be done both in intact animals and in isolated cultured endothelium derived from organ microvasculatures. 2. Study of factors (e.g. steroids, development, etc) that may regulate pulmonary metabolic functions. 3. Measurements in humans under various clinical conditions. To this end, indicator dilution estimates and transpulmonary gradients have provided intriguing promise of means to assess endothelial metabolic functions in both normal and injured lung. PMID- 7041796 TI - Chemotactic mediators in neutrophil-dependent lung injury. PMID- 7041797 TI - Relationship between intestinal blood flow and motility. PMID- 7041798 TI - Stomach blood flow and acid secretion. PMID- 7041799 TI - Turnover of acetylcholine receptors in skeletal muscle. PMID- 7041800 TI - Electrogenic Na pumping in the heart. PMID- 7041801 TI - Sodium-calcium exchange in the heart. PMID- 7041802 TI - Calcium release from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7041803 TI - Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 7041804 TI - Leukocyte chemotaxis. PMID- 7041805 TI - Physiological regulation of the hepatic circulation. PMID- 7041806 TI - Behavioral effects of neuropeptides: endorphins and vasopressin. PMID- 7041807 TI - The role of the central nervous system in the control of ovarian function in higher primates. PMID- 7041808 TI - The evolution of peptide hormones. AB - Despite limitations in our present knowledge it is already possible to discern the main features of peptide hormone evolution, since the same mechanisms (and indeed the same hormone molecules) function in many different ways. This underlying unity of organization has its basis in the tendency of biochemical networks, once established, to survive and diversify. The most surprising recent findings in endocrinology have been the discovery of vertebrate peptide hormones in multiple sites within the same organism, and the reports, persuasive but requiring confirmation, of vertebrate hormones in primitive unicellular organisms (20, 20a). Perhaps the major challenge for the future is to define the roles and interactions of the many peptide hormones identified in brain (18). The most primitive bacteria and the human brain, though an enormous evolutionary distance apart, may have more in common than we have recognized until now. As Axelrod & Hamilton have pointed out in a recent provocative article, "The Evolution of Cooperation" (1), bacteria, though lacking a brain, are capable of adaptive behavior that can be analysed in terms of game theory. It is clear that we can learn a great deal about the whole evolutionary process from a study of the versatile and durable peptide hormones molecules. PMID- 7041809 TI - Post-translational proteolysis in polypeptide hormone biosynthesis. PMID- 7041810 TI - Calmodulin in endocrine cells. PMID- 7041811 TI - Brain cooling in endotherms in heat and exercise. PMID- 7041812 TI - Energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion. AB - This review addresses a simple question: How do muscles use the energy they consume during terrestrial locomotion? Using a comparative approach, it was found that the mass-specific rate of metabolic energy consumption changes by more than ten-fold with body size, while the mass-specific rate at which the muscles performed mechanical work did not change at all. It was also found that the rate of metabolic energy consumption increased linearly with speed, while the rate at which muscles performed mechanical work increased curvilinearly with speed (oc V1.53). We conclude from these observations that the rate at which animals consume metabolic energy during terrestrial locomotion is not determined by the rate at which their muscles perform mechanical work. Instead, the metabolic cost of generating muscular force over time (integral of F dt) appears to determine the metabolic cost of terrestrial locomotion. The cost of generating force increases with increasing speed and decreases with increasing body size in exactly the same manner as cost of locomotion. It is suggested that the metabolic cost of generating muscular force may be determined by the intrinsic velocity of shortening (i.e proportional to rates at which the cross-bridges between actin and myosin cycle) of the muscle motor units that are active during locomotion. Faster motor units are used both as animals increase speed and in equivalent muscles of smaller animals moving at the same speed. This suggestion is testable and future studies should determine whether or not it explains the higher costs of generating muscular force with increasing speed and decreasing body size. PMID- 7041813 TI - Comparative trial of cefonicid and cefamandole in the therapy of community acquired pneumonia. AB - Cefonicid (Smith Kline & French Laboratories; D-75073) is a new parenteral cephalosporin with a markedly long half-life, high serum levels, and good in vitro activity against Haemophilus influenzae. Patients with community-acquired pneumonia were randomized 2:1 to receive cefonicid, 1 g daily (21 cases) or cefamandole, 1 g every 6 h (12 cases). The two groups were similar, except that the cefonicid patients were older (mean 42 versus 31 years). Peak serum levels of cefonicid averaged 133 microgram/ml after intravenous and 83 microgram/ml after intramuscular administration compared with 55 microgram/ml with intravenous cefamandole. All 9 patients on intramuscular cefonicid and 8 or 12 patients on intravenous cefonicid had trough serum levels of greater than 2.0 microgram/ml at 24 h. Sputum levels of cefonicid were usually between 2.0 and 4.0 microgram/ml and did not correlate with serum levels. Cefonicid was well tolerated, and all cefonicid patients responded clinically. Sputum cultures for H. influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae became negative in 6 of 7 cefamandole patients and 13 or 15 cefonicid patients. In in vitro studies, cefonicid inhibited 90% of beta lactamase-negative h. influenzae at 0.5 microgram/ml and beta-lactamase-positive strains at 2.0 microgram/ml. Cefonicid inhibited 50% of S. pneumoniae at 1.6 microgram/ml, but required 6.4 microgram/ml to inhibit 90%. Cefonicid once a day appears to be as safe and as effective as cefamandole four times a day for therapy of community-acquired pneumonia. PMID- 7041814 TI - Susceptibility testing of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, using broth microdilution panels. AB - Twenty-five isolates of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni were tested by broth microdilution panels (Sensititre; GIBCO Diagnostics, Chagrin Falls, Ohio) and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were compared with the corresponding MICs obtained by the standard agar dilution technique. Microdilution panels designed for testing gram-positive organisms were used so that erythromycin, the antibiotic of choice for this organism, could be included. The correlation with agar dilution was relatively poor when Mueller-Hinton broth was used; the MICs that were within one twofold dilution of the corresponding agar dilution MIC ranged from 15% with tetracycline to 75% with ampicillin. The overall agreement for all antibiotics tested was 48%. The correlation improved significantly, however, to an overall agreement of 87% when Wilkins-Chalgren broth was substituted in the broth microdilution procedure. Our results indicate that the broth microdilution test is an accurate method for testing this organism, provided than an appropriate medium is used. PMID- 7041816 TI - Proposed recommended practices for storing, preserving, and maintaining skin, bone, cartilage, and blood vessel tissue. From the Recommended Practices Subcommittee AORN. PMID- 7041815 TI - Bactericidal activity of trimethoprim alone and in combination with sulfamethoxazole on susceptible and resistant Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The combined effects of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole on the viability of Escherichia coli K-12 and resistant strains possessing resistance plasmids were examined in minimal medium. When methionine, glycine, and adenine were present, sulfamethoxazole could enhance trimethoprim activity against E. coli K-12 so that the combination was bactericidal. However, this enhancement occurred over a narrow range of trimethoprim concentrations (0.04 to 0.2 mg liter-1) and only when the sulfamethoxazole concentration was more than 10 times that of trimethoprim. Under certain conditions, sulfamethoxazole enhanced trimethoprim bactericidal activity against E. coli K-12 carrying plasmid R1 at concentrations of sulfamethoxazole far below those required to inhibit the organism, but there was no such enhancement with the same host containing the SSu plasmid. Similar differences were found with strains possessing trimethoprim resistance plasmids R483 and R751. Sulfamethoxazole can promote a bactericidal response with trimethoprim in E. coli K-12 and some of its resistant derivatives, but only under a narrow range of concentrations. PMID- 7041817 TI - Comprehensive management of spasmodic torticollis. PMID- 7041818 TI - Metabolism of verruculogen in rats. AB - Radiolabeled verruculogen was detected in a wide range of body tissues 6 min after intravenous administration, but after a further 20 min it was mainly being excreted via the biliary route. In isolated liver perfusion, [14C]verruculogen was rapidly taken up by the liver and metabolized completely, principally to the related tremorgen TR-2 but also to a desoxy derivative of verruculogen. In addition, a smaller amount of an isomer of TR-2 was detected. These metabolic products were excreted in the bile. PMID- 7041819 TI - Biosynthesis of radiolabeled verruculogen by Penicillium simplicissimum. AB - In surface culture of Penicillium simplicissimum, verruculogen was shown to be biosynthesized from the intact carbon skeletons of tryptophan and proline, isoprenoid derivatives of mevalonic acid, and a methyl group donated by methionine. Selected radiolabeled precursors (1 mCi) pulse-fed at the optimum stage of fermentation yielded verruculogen (specific activity, 5.89 X 10(2) microCi mmol-1) labeled in the prolyl and isoprenyl regions of the molecule and suitable for metabolic studies. PMID- 7041820 TI - Survival of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli in estuarine waters and sediments. AB - In in vitro estuarine water and sediment chambers, the survival of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli was determined by plate counting and direct counting techniques. V. cholerae strains included environmental, clinical, and serotype O1 and non-O1 isolates, whereas E. coli strains included ATCC 25922 and a freshly cultured human isolate. Recovery of V. cholerae varied significantly with incubation temperature. Growth and extended periods of survival occurred in sterile sediments, sterile waters, and nonsterile waters, but not in nonsterile sediments. In contrast to V. cholerae, viable cells of E. coli decreased rapidly in both sterile and nonsterile estuarine waters. Direct counts revealed that E. coli cells were intact in the estuarine water, but attempts to resuscitate them were unsuccessful. The data suggest that V. cholerae survives better in estuarine waters than E. coli. The results may explain the recent observations that V. cholerae levels do not correlate well with fecal coliform concentrations in estuarine waters. Furthermore, the results add increasing evidence to support the theory that V. cholerae is an autochthonous bacterium in estuaries. PMID- 7041821 TI - Adsorption of coliphages T1 and T7 to clay minerals. AB - Coliphages T1 and T7 of Escherichia coli were absorbed by kaolinite (K) and montmorillonite (M). Maximum adsorption of T7 (96%) to M was greater than that of T1 (84%), but the adsorption of both coliphages to K was the same (99%). Positively charged sites (i.e., anion exchange sites) on the clays appeared to be primarily responsible for the adsorption of T1 to K but only partially responsible for the adsorption of T1 to M; equilibrium adsorption isotherms of T1 to K and M did not show a correlation between adsorption and the cation exchange capacity of the clays, and the reduction in adsorption caused by sodium metaphosphate (a polyanion that interacts with positively charged sites on clay) was more pronounced with K than with M. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms of T7 to K and M suggested a correlation between adsorption and the cation exchange capacity of the clays. However, studies with sodium metaphosphate indicated that T7 also adsorbed to positively charged sites on the clays, especially on K. Adsorption of the coliphages to positively charged sites was greater with K than with M, probably because the ratio of positively charged sites to negatively charged sites was greater on K than on M. PMID- 7041822 TI - Survival of Escherichia coli in lake bottom sediment. AB - The survival of Escherichia coli in bottom sediment (Lake Onalaska, navigation pool no. 7, Mississippi River) was studied by using in situ dialysis culture of sterile (autoclaved) and unsterile sediment samples. Bags made from dialysis tubing were filled with either course sand sediment (28.8% fine) or organic, silty clay sediment (77.2% fine) and placed at the sediment-water interface. Bags representing sterile controls, unsterile uninoculated controls, autoclaved inoculated sediment, and unsterile inoculated sediment were studied during a 5 day period for each sediment type. Daily most-probable-number determinations indicated that E. coli populations in unsterile inoculated sediment fluctuated between 5.3 X 10(2) and 2.2 X 10(3) bacteria per g of silty clay and between 3.0 X 10(3) and 1.4 X 10(4) bacteria per g of sand. Autoclaved silty clay sediment inoculated with 1.0 X 10(6) bacteria per g increased to 2.2 X 10(8) bacteria per g in 3 days. During the same period, autoclaved sand sediment inoculated with 1.2 X 10(5) cells per g increased to 5.4 X 10(7) bacteria per g. By day 5, populations in both cultures had decreased by 1 log. The ability of E. coli to survive for several days in aquatic sediment in situ suggests that fecal coliforms in water may not always indicate recent fecal contamination of that water but rather resuspension of viable sediment-bound bacteria. PMID- 7041823 TI - Expression of a proline-enriched protein in Escherichia coli. AB - The feasibility of expressing repeated synthetic codons in bacterial cells was demonstrated by showing that repeated codons for proline were expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant DNA technology was used to clone synthetic polydeoxyguanylate:polydeoxycytidylate into the PstI site of plasmid pBR322. Recombinant plasmid pGC139 was shown by means of HaeIII restriction digestion to contain approximately 41 cloned base pairs; the cloned sequence was expressed as a fusion to an ampicillinase protein. The resulting protein, enriched in proline, was expressed from plasmid pGC139 in E. coli maxicells. Extension of this technology could lead to improvement in the production of amino acids and to nutritional enrichment of single-cell protein. PMID- 7041824 TI - Chemical factors influencing adsorption of bacteriophage MS2 to membrane filters. AB - Antichaotropic salts, such as magnesium sulfate, and metal chelators, such as citrate ions, promoted adsorption of bacteriophage MS2 to membrane filters. In contrast, compounds that disrupt hydrophobic interactions, such as chaotropic salts, urea, Tween 80, and ethanol, did not promote adsorption of MS2 to membrane filters and counteracted the ability of magnesium sulfate to promote such adsorption. These results provide evidence that magnesium sulfate promotes the association of MS2 with membrane filters primarily by strengthening hydrophobic interactions between the virus and the filters. PMID- 7041825 TI - Structured and catalytic properties of peptidase N from Escherichia coli K-12. PMID- 7041826 TI - Bakers' yeast protease A purification and enzymatic and molecular properties. PMID- 7041827 TI - Proteinase inhibitors I and II from leaves of wounded tomato plants: purification and properties. PMID- 7041828 TI - Multifunctionality of liver alcohol dehydrogenase: kinetic and mechanistic studies of esterase reaction. PMID- 7041829 TI - Impact of home blood glucose monitoring on childhood diabetes. AB - Ninety diabetic children each provided at least one 24-hour blood glucose profile at home using an impregnated filter paper strip. The mean 24-hour blood glucose level correlated significantly with urine control, height velocity, and Hb A1. The correlation coefficient for individual blood glucose values (r = 0.61) and for mean 24-hour blood glucose values (r = 0.73) repeated within 14 days showed an acceptable degree of reproducibility for the blood glucose profiles. Mean 24 hour blood glucose values fell significantly overall (11.4 to 9.8 mmol/l; 205 to 176 mg/100 ml) in 47 children who had repeated profiles more than 2 weeks apart. Unrecognised nocturnal hypoglycaemia (less than 3.0 mmol/l; 54 mg/100 ml) was found in 19% of children on twice-daily Semitard insulin. The study shows that children over age 7 years manage home blood glucose monitoring without difficulty. It shows that the results are reproducible and correlate with other indices of control, and that it provides a practical basis for the improvement of diabetic control. PMID- 7041830 TI - Study of the effects of tropical hemostatic agents on the retroperitoneum and ureters of dogs. PMID- 7041831 TI - Levamisole in rheumatoid arthritis. Final report on a randomised double-blind study comparing a single weekly dose of levamisole with placebo. Multicentre Study Group. AB - The therapeutic effect of a single weekly dose of levamisole in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was compared with placebo for 6 months in a 13-centre double blind controlled study. 281 patients with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis and active disease were evaluated. A single weekly dose of 150 mg levamisole was superior to placebo in controlling disease activity. A single weekly dose of 50 mg levamisole had an intermediate effect. Adverse reactions occurred in approximately 40% of the patients with 150 mg levamisole and in approximately 20% of the patients with 50 mg levamisole or placebo. In comparison with the classical dosage schedule of levamisole (150 mg on 3 consecutive days each week) a single weekly dose of 150 mg levamisole was found to be slightly less effective but much better tolerated. PMID- 7041832 TI - Demonstration of bone marrow derived cells in synovial lining by means of giant intracellular granules as genetic markers. AB - Beige mice carry a gene (bg) which codes for the presence of giant intracellular granules in a variety of cell types. Bone marrow from beige mice was transplanted into irradiated normal mice. Giant granules similar to those seen in beige mouse synovial cells were observed subsequently in the synovial lining cells of marrow recipients, indicating an influx of bone marrow derived cells into the synovial lining. Giant granule bearing cells also appeared in the subintima. On electron microscopy giant granules have been demonstrated only in macrophage-like or type A cells in marrow recipient synovia, despite the occurrence of giant granules in both type A and type B lining cells in donor material (beige). This tends to suggest that only the type A lining cells are derived from bone marrow, as might be expected from their similarity to mononuclear phagocytes elsewhere. However, the possibility remains that type B cells are also derived from bone marrow but have a slower rate of replacement. PMID- 7041833 TI - [Infections caused by hepatitis virus A and B in hospital personnel. Prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis virus A, HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc]. AB - In order to evaluate the risk of hepatitis A and B virus infection among hospital staff in our area, 584 medical and paramedical employees of the Hospital of Ferrara (Italy) were studied for the presence of anti-HAV, HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc serum. HAV infection was found to be less frequent among medical and nursing staff than the general population, matched for age (78.6% vs 72.2%) indicating that HAV spread within the hospital is irrelevant. However, the evidence of HBV infection is higher in hospital staff than in the general population (37.6% vs 23.0%) with a maximum prevalence in surgeons and in the operating-theatre staff, followed by nurses (both from surgical and medical wards) and physicians. The prevalence in auxiliary staff is not significantly higher than in the general population. The incidence of antibodies against HBV (anti-HBs and anti-HBc) increases with age and duration of employment, while the prevalence reaches a maximum during the initial years. The anti-HBc testing allowed for the detection of further 10% of subjects evidencing previous HBV infection. PMID- 7041834 TI - The anticholinesterase activity of tetanus toxin: comparison between intoxication by organophosphoric esters and by tetanus toxin. PMID- 7041835 TI - [Detection and identification of bacteria of the genus Yersinia]. PMID- 7041836 TI - [Correlation between HBeAg in the blood and HBcAg in hepatocyte nuclei in hepatitis B]. AB - The Authors have studied the correlation between serum HBeAg and the presence of hepatitis B "core" and "surface" antigens in liver tissue. The histological pictures of the bioptic specimens of patients affected by HBV were classified as: chronic persisting hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis and minimal aspecific changes. HBcAg was detected in liver cells nuclei in all the patients resulted positive for serum HBeAg. In some of these subjects HBsAg was found to be localized on the hepatocyte membranes, and this seems to be related in some way to the presence of HBcAg in liver nuclei. No presence of hepatitis B associated antigens was observed in biopsies from subjects who were negative for serum HbsAg. PMID- 7041837 TI - Stress ulcers during live Escherichia coli sepsis. The role of acid and bile. AB - This study was designed to define the conditions that will consistently produce stress ulcers following the systemic infusion of live E. coli (1.0-1.6 X 10(10) organisms/kg/hr). Using gold-filled oxygen microelectrodes and the in vivo gastric chamber model in dogs, the authors found that the intracellular oxygen tension of the superficial gastric epithelium declined during sepsis despite maintenance of total gastric blood flow. This hypoxia persisted for the three hour experiment when normal saline bathed the gastric surface (n = 6). Adding 1 mM taurocholate (Tc) (n = 6) or 80-mM hydrochloric acid (HCl) (n = 6) to the gastric chamber improved the cellular hypoxia induced by sepsis, and no ulcers were produced. However, addition of physiologic concentrations of bile in acid (1 mM Tc in 80-mM HCl) produced widespread ulceration of the mucosa within 30 minutes in nine of ten dogs. These experiments demonstrate that epithelial hypoxia induced by sepsis predisposes the gastric mucosa to ulcerate in the presence of physiologic concentrations of topical acid and bile. PMID- 7041838 TI - Double disruption of an innominate artery secondary to blunt trauma. PMID- 7041839 TI - Thoracic empyema after pulmonary resection for lung cancer. PMID- 7041840 TI - A comparison of the safety, efficacy, and distribution of ceforanide and cephalothin in coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - Antibiotic prophylaxis in open-heart operations is a widely accepted practice. Introduction of new antibiotics with differences in tissue distribution, spectrum of activity and therapeutic index prompts their evaluation as possible effective prophylactic agents. We compared the distribution, clinical efficacy, and safety of ceforanide with cephalothin as a prophylactic agent in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures. The results indicated that the intravenous administration of ceforanide at the dose of 1 gm every 12 hours for 2.5 days was equivalent to cephalothin 1 gm every 6 hours for 2.5 days. Serum, muscle, and bone concentrations of ceforanide were significantly greater than those of cephalothin. These concentrations consistently exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration for Staphylococcus aureus, the major pathogen implicated in wound infections. No toxicty was observed with either antibiotic. Ceforanide merits consideration as a prophylactic antibiotic in CABG operations. PMID- 7041841 TI - Tracheobronchoplastic procedure in the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the right upper lung. AB - Lung cancer of the right upper lobe not infrequently invades the right lower trachea. A tracheobronchoplastic procedure is described that makes it possible to reconstruct the tracheal defect after excision of the growth, while preserving the uninvolved lobes of the right lung. PMID- 7041842 TI - Effects of captopril (SQ 14225) on norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction in the isolated perfused mesentery and hindquarters of the rat. AB - Captopril (SQ 14225) is an orally active agent that inhibits the conversion of ang. I to ang. II and also potentiates the biological actions of kinins. This substance has been used to study the role of ang. II/kinins on the norepinephrine induced vasoconstriction in the isolated perfused mesentery and hindquarters of the rat. The vasoconstrictor responses were measured as an increase in the perfusion pressure (mm Hg), induced by sequential injections of norepinephrine. Captopril/placebo (physiological saline solution) was administered in a dose of 1 mg/kg by oral route, 15-20 min before isolating the vascular beds from these rats. Oral administration of captopril, decreased the vascular reactivity to norepinephrine in both the vascular beds, when compared to the responses obtained in the placebo treated rats. In another series of experiments (normal rats) bradykinin (BK), at concentrations of 0.4 and 0.8 micrograms/ml in the perfusate, attenuated the norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction dose dependently, only in the mesenteric bed. It may be concluded that captopril attenuated the vascular reactivity to norepinephrine either by decreasing ang. II formation and/or increasing the action of kinins in the vicinity of these two beds. The latter mechanisms, however, appears not to play any direct role in the hindquarter bed. The direct effects of captopril on the decreased vascular reactivity of these beds cannot, however, be ruled out. PMID- 7041843 TI - Racial difference in salivary sodium-potassium ratio in low renin essential hypertension. AB - We have studied the relationship between plasma renin activity (PRA) and the salivary sodium-potassium (Na-K) ratio, an index of mineralocorticoid effect, in 223 patients with essential hypertension. In 24 white patients with low PRA, the median Na-K ratio was 0.74, which was significantly lower than the ratio of 1.40 in 54 normal white subjects and the ratio of 1.10 in 34 white hypertensive patients with normal PRA. The Na-K ratio in 71 black patients with low PRA was 1.06, which was not significantly lower than the ratio of 1.50 in 38 black normal subjects or the ratio of 1.56 in 94 black hypertensive patients with normal PRA. These findings indicate a difference in salivary Na-K ratios between white and black patients with low renin essential hypertension and suggest a racial difference in the pathophysiology of this form of hypertension. PMID- 7041844 TI - Studies of carbohydrate metabolism after hemodialysis and hemofiltration in uremic patients. AB - To assess the effects of dialysis or hemofiltration on carbohydrate metabolism in uremia, we performed intravenous (IV) glucose tolerance tests (IV GTTs) after an overnight fast 48 hours following the last treatment in ten patients with chronic renal failure. Samples were obtained for plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone levels throughout the GTTs in addition to basal samples for levels of plasma potassium and bicarbonate. The IV GTTs were performed at the end of a four-month period of standard hemodialysis (period 1) and then at the end of a four-month period of hemofiltration (period 2). Patients had mild glucose intolerance that did not change after hemofiltration, although the exaggerated insulin responses to glucose administration did significantly decrease in period 2. The fasting hyperglucagonemia did not decrease after hemofiltration but exhibited normal suppression with IV glucose. Levels of basal plasma bicarbonate and basal plasma potassium did not change significantly in period 2. Further studies investigating the beneficial metabolic effect of hemofiltration would seem to be indicated based on the data reported herein. PMID- 7041845 TI - Primary aldosteronism. The etiologic spectrum of disorders and their clinical differentiation. PMID- 7041846 TI - [Membranous glomerulonephritis in two brothers associated in one with tubulo interstitial disease, Fanconi syndrome and anti-TBM antibodies (author's transl)]. AB - Anatomical and immunological studies were performed in two brothers with membranous glomerulonephritis. The older child presented with renal failure, Fanconi syndrome and anti-TBM antibody in his plasma. Renal biopsy revealed severe tubulo-interstitial disease with membranous glomerulonephritis. Because of rapidly progressive renal insufficiency the patient was started on hemodialysis. A cadaver renal allotransplantation was performed without success. Renal transplant biopsy showed severe lesions of vascular rejection without recurrence of the primary disease. The younger child was examined at six months for a nephrotic syndrome with mild renal insufficiency, and died at nine months. Anti TBM antibodies were not detected in his serum. The patient's mother presented with asymptomatic proteinuria, and anti TBM antibodies in her plasma. In the same family the uncle died at 3 months with a steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. The relationships between the familial membranous glomerulonephritis and the tubulo interstitial disease are discussed. PMID- 7041847 TI - [Steroid hormone receptors and their relevance for the therapy of mammary cancers (author's transl)]. AB - Estradiol receptors which are detectable in the cytoplasma of cells of human breast cancers can be used successfully for evaluating the hormone sensitivity of these tumours. Receptor negative cancers generally do not respond to endocrine therapeutical procedures whereas receptor positive cancers respond in 60% of cases. It is conceivable that this non sufficient correlation is caused by an impairment in the hormone receptor interaction, The simultaneous determination of estradiol and progesterone receptors in the tumour tissues increases the correlation between receptor status and hormone sensitivity to 80 percent. There exists a high degree of conformity between the receptor status of primary tumours and metastatic lymph nodes as well as recurrences. PMID- 7041848 TI - Insulin receptor autoantibody-induced pancreatic islet beta (B) cell hyperplasia. AB - A patient with progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and anti-insulin receptor autoantibody-induced diabetes mellitus was found to have pancreatic islet beta (B) cell hyperplasia by computerized morphometry and immunohistochemistry. Unlike most previously reported cases of islet cell hyperplasia, where the islet cell hyperactivity produced disturbed glucose metabolism (hypoglycemia, this case illustrates compensatory islet cell hyperplasia in response to a perturbation in glucose metabolism by insulin receptor blockade with resultant hyperglycemia. PMID- 7041849 TI - The use of decalcified granulated homologous cortical bone matrix in the correction of diaphyseal bone defect. An experimental study in rabbits. AB - In order to investigate an alternative way to correct diaphysial bone defects, granulated decalcified homologous cortical bone was used as a graft. Because of the suitable anatomic arrangement, the forearm of rabbits was chosen as an experimental model of bone defect. A 2 cm long bone cylinder was removed from the diaphysis of both radii preserving the periosteum. The artificial bone defect was filled with granular decalcified bone on the right side. The left side was used as control and kept empty or filled with undecalcified granular bone. The 18 animals were sacrificed in batches, 3,6, and 9 weeks after the operation. New bone formation was followed by X-rays, routine histology and incorporation of calcein blue, xylenol orange and tetracycline. In the decalcified granular bone grafts new bone formation was already detected at the first week and 9 weeks after the graft operation there was a well developed cylindric ossicle, in 89% of the cases. In some cases a medullary canal was present. No bone formation was found neither in the empty defects nor in the ones filled with undecalcified granular bone grafts. PMID- 7041850 TI - Electromyographic feedback in the remobilization of stroke patients: a controlled trial. AB - Electromyographic biofeedback was compared with simple exercise therapy as to its effectiveness in improving foot-drop in 22 stroke patients. The study was designed to be a rigorous trial of biofeedback and the patients tested were aged and had stroke of long duration. One group of 11 patients underwent 6 weeks of exercise therapy 2 sessions per week for 15 minutes per session; the 2nd group of 11 patients underwent similar therapy with EMG feedback. All therapy was conducted by a research assistant who was not a trained therapist. The groups were assessed blind before treatment, after treatment and a 6-week follow-up. The significantly greater improvements in the biofeedback group in terms of muscle strength at the end of treatment were maintained at follow-up. On the range of movement and gait analysis measures, both groups showed some improvement after treatment. However, at follow-up this improvement had relapsed for the exercise group while for the biofeedback group it had been maintained. It is argued that controlled trials are possible in biofeedback and that using patients as their own controls is not justified in view of the present findings and the previously reported literature. PMID- 7041851 TI - [Renal changes in malaria]. AB - The renal complications in course of malaria have notably increased in number during the last years, as well as the cases of malaria in the world. This subject and a case of malaria in the world. This subject and a case of renal complication in course of malaria we could recently observe led us to re-examine the papers in which this problem was debated. Only the Pl. malaria and the Pl. falciparum can cause renal complications, as the first can produce a nephrosic syndrome and the second an acute renal insufficiency functional or organic, or a glomerulonephritis more often acute transitory, which can rarely develop into a nephrosic syndrome or into an acute renal organic insufficiency. Then the various physiopathologic causes of the acute renal insufficiency, of the glomerulonephritis, of the nephrosic syndrome are described, followed by a case description of an acute renal functional insufficiency in course of malaria caused by Pl. falciparum. PMID- 7041852 TI - [Nephrotic syndrome in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7041853 TI - [Diabetes and autoimmune diseases. I]. AB - An account is given of the clinical and serological associations between diabetes and autoimmune diseases, especially those between diabetes and antihyperoglobulin, antithyroid, anti-intrinsic factor, anticorticoadrenal cell, and anti-nucleic acid autoantibodies. Body fluid antipancreas autoimmunity is examined from various standpoints relating to antipancrease cell antibodies (ICA), autoantibodies against glucagon-secreting cells (ECA) and somatostatin secreting cells (SCA), and anti-islet cell surface antibodies (McLaren and Lernmark antibodies). Particular attention is directed to ICAs, since these have supplied the background for the recent division of type I diabetes into Ia viral and Ib autoimmune. Stress is laid on both the soundness and the problems forming part of ICAs, since their actual pathogenetic role (cytoplasmic markers?) still has to be determined, even though their persistent and significant association with autoimmune polyendocrinopathies is certain. PMID- 7041854 TI - [Diabetes and autoimmune diseases. II]. AB - Antipancreas autoimmunity is one of several immunity problems in diabetes. Such of its features as are revealed by inhibition of leukocyte migration, lymphocyte transformation in response to insulin antigens, relation between cell autoimmunity and later complications, and the behaviour of peripheral T and B lymphocyte membrane markers are explained. The aetiological role of viral infections is discussed, and the pathogenetic hypothesis deducible from the histological findings. Lastly, the modalities underlying a combination between the HLA (human leukocyte antigen) system and diabetes are considered. PMID- 7041855 TI - [Coccygectomy. Clinico-statistical review of 28 cases]. PMID- 7041856 TI - Pulmonary acid injury: effects of positive end-expiratory pressure and crystalloid vs colloid fluid resuscitation. AB - Pulmonary acid aspiration results in hypoxemia and hypovolemia. We assessed the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and fluid resuscitation on oxygenation and alveolar-capillary membrane permeability after acid aspiration. Alveolar-capillary membrane permeability was assessed by determination of extravascular lung water volume, using the thermal-green dye double-indicator technique, extravasation of iodinated 1 125 serum albumin into lung parenchyma, and albumin leak into the alveolar spaces. The data from this study demonstrated that PEEP improved oxygenation after acid aspiration, but did not alter progression of the injury; cardiac output and oxygen transport were improved by plasma volume repletion while receiving PEEP; and resuscitation with 5% albumin solution increased plasma albumin content and tracheal albumin content commensurately and did not modify progression of the injury. PMID- 7041857 TI - Radiology. Case of the month No. 54: transvenous digital subtraction angiography, right renal artery stenosis with poststenotic dilatation. PMID- 7041858 TI - Military medicine on the Arizona frontier circa 1870-1880. PMID- 7041859 TI - Birth defects: computer access to information. PMID- 7041860 TI - [Differential morphological diagnosis of chronic liver diseases based on the results of puncture biopsy]. AB - The possibility of differential diagnosis of chronic liver diseases from investigations of puncture biopsy material is discussed basing on analysis of literature data. The present-day classification of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and morphologic criteria their differential diagnosis are described. Analysis of the liver punctate allows one to reveal the nature of the pathologic process, its etiology, and the degree of activity. Of primary importance is the differential diagnosis of the most frequent etiologic forms of chronic liver diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis), i.e. viral, alcoholic, and medicamentous affections. PMID- 7041861 TI - Mobile laboratory to process islet cells from large animals for use in a hybrid artificial pancreas. PMID- 7041862 TI - Historical aspects of normal and abnormal brain fluids. I. Cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7041863 TI - Hemispheric asymmetry in the expression of positive and negative emotions. Neurologic evidence. AB - Three retrospective studies were conducted to examine functional brain asymmetry in the regulation of emotion. In the first study, reports of 119 cases were collected of pathological laughing and crying associated with destructive lesions. Pathological laughing was associated with predominantly right-sided damage, whereas pathological crying was associated with predominantly left-sided lesions. In the second study, 19 reports detailing mood following hemispherectomy were collected; right hemispherectomy was associated with euphoric mood change. In the third study, lateralization of epileptic foci was assessed in reports of 91 patients with ictal outbursts of laughing (gelastic epilepsy). Foci were most likely to be predominantly left-sided. The findings are congruent with studies of the effects of unilateral brain insult on mood, and a general model of hemispheric asymmetry in the regulation of emotion is presented. PMID- 7041864 TI - Historical aspects of normal and abnormal brain fluids. II. Hydrocephalus. AB - A history of internal hydrocephalus from Vesalius to the present has been presented. Several intriguing aspects of hydrocephalus have been explored, including the existence of this disorder before tha 16th century and the possibility of medical management. The exciting promise and discouraging failure of experimentally devised choroid plexectomy has been recounted. Finally, the remaining enigma of spontaneous arrest has been discussed. PMID- 7041865 TI - Microbial surface interactions: reduction of the haemagglutination activity of the oral bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum by absorption with Streptococcus and Bacteroides. AB - Oral strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum showed haemagglutination (HA) of sheep red blood cells and attachment of HA-active F. nucleatum fragments to other microorganisms allowed a means of studying microbial surface interactions. HA active sonicated fragments (SF) prepared from F. nucleatum were mixed with whole cell suspensions of 48 bacterial strains and, after incubation, the whole cells were separated from the non-absorbed fragments by differential centrifugation. Attachment of F. nucleatum fragments to the cells was indicated by a reduction in the HA activity of the SF in the supernatant fluid remaining after absorption with whole cells. HA activity of the microbial cells used for absorption and the detection of F. nucleatum fragments on these cells by an indirect fluorescent antibody technique provided further evidence of attachment. Of the 48 strains tested, 10 absorbed F. nucleatum HA-active fragments. They included Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides fragilis subsp. distasonis, Bacteroides corrodens, Streptococcus morbillorum, Streptococcus sanguis (Blackburn and JC 74) and Streptococcus mutans AHT, BHT, 10449 and 6715. Chelators revealed that F. nucleatum attached to the microorganisms via a Ca2+-dependent interaction. Sugar inhibition demonstrated that F. nucleatum attached to the microorganisms via a D galactose-containing moiety on their surface. A reduction in the absorption of F. nucleatum HA-active fragments by Strep. mutans grown in a higher concentration of sucrose was observed. PMID- 7041866 TI - Recurrent clinical uveitis. Cell surface markers on vitreous lymphocytes. AB - The cell surface characteristics of vitreous mononuclear cells were determined in ten eyes with chronic idiopathic uveitis. Most of the cells had surface immunoglobulin, some exhibited phagocytosis; few formed E rosettes. This result suggests that most of the cells found in the vitreous of eyes with chronic idiopathic uveitis are B cells and macrophages; few T cells are present. PMID- 7041867 TI - Ophthalmology and philately: II. Ophthalmologist who became famous in other areas of endeavor.--Friedrich Joseph Haass (1780-1853). PMID- 7041868 TI - Algernon Beverly Reese. PMID- 7041869 TI - Heterophile antibodies in middle ear effusions. AB - By means of hemolysis in agar gel, heterophile antibodies were demonstrated in middle ear effusions (MEEs) and corresponding sera of patients with otitis media with effusion. These antibodies were shown to belong to the IgM class. Absorption and inhibition studies revealed that these antibodies were of Forssman or Hanganutziu-Deicher specificity or a mixture of both. In some patients, titers of these heterophile antibodies were substantially higher in MEE than in corresponding sera, suggesting that a local immune system similar to gut associated lymphoid tissue or bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue may operate in the middle ear. PMID- 7041870 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of endolymphatic sac biopsies. Biopsy technique and identification of endolympathic sac epithelium. AB - This study describes the technique and instrumentation necessary to perform a double-wall biopsy of the endolymphatic sac (ELS). Since this technique protects the lumen of the ELS, which is within the center of the biopsy sample surrounded by the lateral and medial wall, the ultrastructure of the ELS epithelium, luminal contents, and perisaccular connective tissue tends to represent the in vivo status. The biopsy specimen can be analyzed by electron microscopy for clinical pathologic correlation. Ultrastructural analysis (1) provides definite identification of the ELS and epithelium, (2) may provide insight into a possible role of the ELS in the pathogenesis of endolymphatic hydrops, and (3) can provide much improved clinical-pathologic correlation over only light microscopic studies. PMID- 7041872 TI - The pleasure of personal discovery. PMID- 7041871 TI - Quantitative alterations of the aerobic bacterial flora of the pouch of Setonix brachyurus (quokka) during oestrus, anoestrus, pregnancy and lactating anoestrus (pouch young). PMID- 7041873 TI - Large bowel cancer: an overview. AB - Cancer of the large bowel is a problem of international scope but with wide national incidence variations possibly related to climatic factors. Neither etiologic studies nor improved methods of early detection have thus far had an impact on national death rates. Surgical treatment, while comparatively effective, does not promise a significant increase in survival data, and thus far, adjuvant therapies have failed to fulfill early enthusiastic expectations. Nevertheless, continued research pursuit of the nature of the neoplastic process, development and application of improved diagnostic and screening methods, and synthesis of better combined modality therapy, will result in substantial improvements in therapeutic results. PMID- 7041874 TI - Secondary repair of oesophagus following spontaneous rupture with the use of a Celestin tube. PMID- 7041875 TI - A survey of mycobacteriosis of feral pigs in the Northern Territory. AB - Seven hundred and fifty-one feral pigs from the subcoastal plains of the Northern Territory were examined. The sample population consisted of 52.4% females and 47.6% males. They ranged in age from newborn piglets to mature animals of over 72 months. Of the pigs examined 47.7% had macroscopic abscesses and of these 80.2% were probably caused by mycobacteria. Tissues from 193 pigs were examined bacteriologically and 93 strains of mycobacteria were isolated. These were typed as M. bovis (37 strains); M. avium serotype 2 (1); M. intracellulare serotypes 6 (2), 7 (3), 9 (1) and 18 (1); M. intracellulare double serotypes 6 + 12 (1), 8 + 12 (1), and 11 + 12 (1); M. intracellulare unclassified serotype (4); M. scrofulaceum serotype 41 (1); M. scrofulaceum unclassified serotype (7); M. gordonae (2); M. Kansasii (1); M. simiae (2); M. szulgai (2); M. vaccae (1); and M. xenopi (2). Additionally, 3 strains were unidentifiable members of the M. avium-M. intracellulare-M. scrofulaceum (MAIS) complex, one strain was a Runyon's group IV and 4 strains were typed as members of the genus Rhodococcus. Five strains were non-viable on subculture and 10 did not conform to any currently recognised species of mycobacteria. Of the 93 strains, 3 were isolated from tissue that did not contain macroscopic lesions, viz. M. simiae, Runyon's group IV and an unidentifiable member of the MAIS complex. It was concluded that the feral pig is probably an end host for both M. bovis and atypical mycobacteria and not a significant source of infection for cattle. M. bovis is not a significant cause of mortality in feral pigs but mycobacterioses are a significant cause of morbidity. With increasing age, the proportion of pigs having lesions increased whereas the proportion of lesions from which mycobacteria could be isolated decreased. PMID- 7041876 TI - An abattoir survey of tuberculosis in feral buffaloes. AB - Tuberculosis lesions were found in 193 (1.7%) of 11,322 buffaloes examined during routine post-mortem inspection at 2 export abattoirs. The prevalence of tuberculosis in buffaloes supplied from 17 separate farms ranged from 0.3% to 8.22%, with the highest levels occurring on the coastal plains. Lesions were confirmed to one major body region in 50 of 72 randomly chosen cases of tuberculosis and to 2 or more regions in 22 cases. Thoracic lesions occurred in 65 of the 72 cases, abdominal lesions in 19, head lesions in 18 and carcase lesions in 9. In the thoracic cavity, lesions occurred most frequently in mediastinal and bronchial lymph nodes. In the head region the retropharyngeal lymph node was most frequently involved, in the abdominal cavity, the liver, and in the carcase, the deep inguinal lymph node. Tuberculosis lesions in buffaloes had a lardaceous consistency and were paler in colour and less calcified than those normally exhibited by cattle. Mycobacteria were isolated from 30 to 31 lesion samples submitted for bacteriological examination. Of the isolates, 25 were identified as Mycobacterium bovis, 3 as M. avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum complex, one as M. fortuitum and one as M. flavescens. The M. bovis isolates from buffaloes showed minor cultural differences to those normally characteristic of bovine isolates. PMID- 7041877 TI - Behaviour therapy for the neuroses: some conceptual and practical problems. AB - Some problems in reconciling behaviourism as pure science with clinical behaviour therapy for complex neurotic and personality disorders are examined. A major problem is the inability of scientific behaviourism to permit motivation, will and choice to be considered from an intrapsychic perspective. Cognitive behaviour therapy and its derivatives have been developed in an attempt to overcome this problem. Although such therapies have retained a paradigmatic attachment to behaviourism, they have more in common with psychodynamic psychotherapy. Conflict among contemporary behaviourists about the relevance of cognitive theory to behaviourism has obscured more fundamental issues such as the role of the patients-therapist relationship. Both classical and cognitive behaviour therapists view a direct examination of the patient-therapist relationship as therapeutically irrelevant, although there is evidence that such a viewpoint may be anti-therapeutic in some severe neurotic disorders. Behaviourists must acknowledge the central importance of examining the patient-therapist relationship in such disorders if they are to continue their successful dialectic with psychodynamic therapists. PMID- 7041878 TI - The Castle Hill lunatic asylum (1811-1826) and the origins of eclectic pragmatism in Australian psychiatry. AB - Australia's first lunatic asylum was improvised in a disused convict barracks. The first doctors were themselves convicts, who were in conflict with a sternly moral lay superintendent. Disturbances, including a murder, occurred among the patients. The Governor restored peace by dismissing the superintendent and abolishing the post of resident doctor but deprivation and dirt prevailed until the asylum was transferred to further makeshift quarters. Primitive colonial times demanded improvisation and flexibility, i.e. eclectic pragmatism. Moreover, Government control of psychiatry over many years tended to curb the growth of any one ideology and so fostered the eclecticism which seems characteristic of Australian psychiatry. A colonial resourcefulness is an asset in work where patients' individual differences can defy any one theoretical framework and remedies must be pragmatic. PMID- 7041879 TI - Affective disorders, diabetes mellitus and lithium. AB - There appears to be an association between affective disorders and diabetes mellitus independent of the use of lithium in treatment. Prior studies have suggested that lithium treatment may impair glucose tolerance or produce frank diabetes in certain patients. Metabolic complications of the diabetic state, such as hyperosmolality and salt depletion increase lithium absorption and the risk of toxicity even at generally acceptable serum levels. The management of patients with diabetes and affective disorders on prophylactic lithium is discussed. PMID- 7041880 TI - Compulsory hospitalisation. PMID- 7041881 TI - A review of atropinic drug effects on exploratory choice behavior in laboratory rodents. PMID- 7041882 TI - Substrate utilization in the myocardium. AB - Substrate extraction is the disappearance of a substance from arterial blood into the myocardium, substrate utilization being the combustion of that substrate. The terms used for extraction and utilization are defined. There are many problems of accurately measuring glucose and free fatty acid oxidation. Lactate is the preferred substrate of the normal, blood-perfused heart. If the substrate oxidized affects the myocardial oxygen consumption, this could be of considerable importance under conditions of limited oxygen supply. At present there is conflicting evidence. It may be beneficial to switch the heart from one substrate to another, e.g., from fat to carbohydrate fuels. The conditions of ischaemia and hypoxaemia are not the same, and future investigations should be made under carefully controlled conditions. PMID- 7041883 TI - [The influence of Dresden's physicians and scientists on the development of orthopedics]. PMID- 7041884 TI - [Surgical treatment of rotator ruptures--indications, technic and results]. PMID- 7041885 TI - [The use of ultrasonic bone fusion for filling in bone defects. Animal studies. II. Concluding remarks]. PMID- 7041886 TI - CuZn-superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in pancreatic islets and other tissues in the mouse. AB - Exogenous superoxide dismutase, catalase and scavengers of the hydroxyl radical protect pancreatic-islet cells against the toxic actions of alloxan in vitro [Grankvist et al. (1979) Biochem. J. 182, 17--25]. To test whether the extraordinary sensitivity of islet cells to alloxan is due to a deficiency of endogenous enzymes protecting against oxygen-reduction products, we assayed CuZn superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in mouse islets and other tissues. To correct for any blood contamination, haemoglobin was also measured in the tissue samples. Pancreatic islets were found to belong to tissues with relatively little activity of the protective enzymes. However, the deviation from other tissues in this respect is probably not large enough to explain the especially great susceptibility of islet cells to alloxan. PMID- 7041887 TI - The effects of anions on fumarate reductase isolated from the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli. AB - A broad range of anions was shown to stimulate the maximal velocity of purified fumarate reductase isolated from the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli, while leaving the Km for fumarate unaffected. Reducing agents potentiate the effects of anions on the activity, but have no effect by themselves. Thermal stability, conformation as monitored by circular dichroism and susceptibility to the thiol reagent 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) are also altered by anions. The apparent Km for succinate in the reverse reaction (succinate dehydrogenase activity) varies as a function of anion concentration, but the maximal velocity is not affected. The membrane-bound activity is not stimulated by anions and its properties closely resemble those of the purified enzyme in the presence of anions. Thus it appears that anions alter the physical and chemical properties of fumarate reductase, so that it more closely resembles the membrane bound form. PMID- 7041888 TI - Purification and characterization of a metallo-endoproteinase from mouse kidney. AB - A metallo-endoproteinase was purified from mouse kidney. The enzyme was solubilized from the 100 000 g sediment of kidney homogenates with toluene and trypsin, and further purified by fractionation with (NH4)2SO4. DEAE-cellulose chromatography and gel filtration. The molecular weight of the metalloproteinase was estimated by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B to be 270 000--320 000. On sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of 2 mercaptoethanol, a single major protein with a mol.wt. of 81 000 was observed. Thus the active enzyme is an oligomer, probably a tetramer. It is a glycoprotein and has an apparent isoelectric point of 4.3. Kidney homogenates and purified preparations of the metalloproteinase degraded azocasein optimally at pH 9.5 and at I 0.15--0.2. The activity was not affected by inhibitors of serine proteinases (di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate, phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride), cysteine proteinases (4-hydroxymercuribenzoate, iodoacetate), aspartic proteinases (pepstatin) or several other proteinase inhibitors from actinomycetes (leupeptin, antipain and phosphoramidon). Inhibition of the enzyme was observed with metal chelators (EDTA, EGTA, 1,10-phenanthroline), and thiol compounds (cysteine, glutathione, dithioerythritol, 2-mercaptoethanol). The metalloproteinase degraded azocasein, azocoll, casein, haemoglobulin and aldolase, but showed little or no activity against the synthetic substrates benzoylarginine 2-naphthylamide, benzoylglycylarginine, benzyloxycarbonylglutamyltyrosine or acetylphenylalanyl 2 naphthyl ester. This metalloproteinase from mouse kidney appears to be distinct from previously described kidney proteinases. PMID- 7041889 TI - The effect of proteinases on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis. AB - Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5) of the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis was rapidly inactivated by duodenal juice. It was susceptible to chymotrypsin and subtilisin and to a lesser extent trypsin. Initial proteolysis of the enzyme by chymotrypsin and trypsin resulted in cleavage of the monomeric subunit (75 000 Mr) into a large (65 000 Mr) and a small (10 000 Mr) peptide. The small peptide was rapidly degraded. The 65 000-Mr fragment was resistant to prolonged incubation with chymotrypsin, but was degraded by trypsin under the same conditions. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was cleaved into several polypeptides by subtilisin, the 65 000-Mr peptide being totally absent. The N-terminal region of the enzyme was contained in the 65 000-Mr fragment, as was the dehydroalanine moiety, the prosthetic group. Active-site-binding ligands protect the enzyme from inactivation by the three proteinases, and peptide-bond cleavage by trypsin and chymotrypsin. Several chemical modifications were performed on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Some decreased its antigenicity, and ethyl acetimidate decreased the rate of degradation of the 65 000-Mr peptide by trypsin. The modification did not protect the enzyme from proteolytic inactivation of the enzymic activity. These observations are discussed in terms of the structure of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and site of action of the proteinases. PMID- 7041890 TI - The inhibition of beta-lactamases from gram-negative bacteria by clavulanic acid. AB - The beta-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae E70 behaved in a similar fashion to the TEM-2 plasmid mediated enzyme on reaction with clavulanic acid. Both enzymes produced two types of enzyme-clavulanate complex, a transiently stable species (t((1/2))=4min at pH7.3 and 37 degrees C) and irreversibly inhibited enzyme. In the initial rapid reaction (2.5min) the enzymes partitioned between the transient and irreversible complexes in the ratios 3:1 for TEM-2 beta-lactamase and 1:1 for Klebsiella beta-lactamase. Biphasic inactivation was observed for both enzymes and the slower second phase was rate limited by the decay of the transiently stable complex. This decay released free enzyme for further reaction with fresh clavulanic acid, the products again partitioning between transiently stable and irreversibly inhibited enzyme. This cycle continued until all the enzyme had been irreversibly inhibited. A 115 molar excess of inhibitor was required to achieve complete inactivation of TEM-2 beta-lactamase. Hydrolysis of clavulanic acid with product release appeared to occur with the inhibition reaction, which explained this degree of clavulanic acid turnover. The stoichiometry of the interaction with Klebsiella beta-lactamase was not examined. The penicillinase from Proteus mirabilis C889 was rapidly inhibited by low concentrations of clavulanic acid. The major product was a moderately stable complex (t((1/2))=40min at pH7.3 and 37 degrees C); the proportion of the enzyme that was irreversibly inactivated was small. The cephalosporinase from Enterobacter cloacae P99 had low affinity for the inhibitor and only reacted with high concentrations of clavulanic acid (k=4.0m(-1).s(-1)) to produce a relatively stable complex (t((1/2))=180min at pH7.3 and 37 degrees C). No irreversible inactivation of this enzyme was detected. The rates of decay of the clavulanate-enzyme complexes produced in reactions with Proteus and Enterobacter enzymes were markedly increased at acid pH. PMID- 7041891 TI - Metalloproteinases from rabbit bone culture medium degrade types IV and V collagens, laminin and fibronectin. AB - Gel-filtration chromatography of culture medium from rabbit bone explants separates three latent metalloproteinases with activities against collagen, proteoglycan and gelatin respectively. The fractions degrading proteoglycan also degrade laminin, fibronectin and the polymeric products of pepsin-solubilized type IV collagen and can also solubilize insoluble type IV collagen. The fractions degrading gelatin are capable of degrading solubilized type V and 1 alpha,2 alpha,3 alpha (cartilage) collagens, as well as the lower-molecular weight products of pepsin-solubilized type IV collagen. All activities can be inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline and occur in either partially or totally latent forms that can be activated by 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate. PMID- 7041892 TI - Effects of chronic modification of dietary fat and carbohydrate on the insulin, corticosterone and metabolic responses of rats fed acutely with glucose, fructose or ethanol. AB - 1. Male rats were fed for 14 days on powdered diets containing (by weight) 53% of starch, or on diets in which 20g of starch per 100g of diet was replaced by lard or corn oil. They were then fed acutely by stomach tube with a single dose of glucose, fructose or ethanol of equivalent energy contents, or with 0.15m-NaCl. The serum concentrations of corticosterone, insulin, glucose, glycerol, triacylglycerol and cholesterol were measured up to 6h after this treatment. 2. Feeding saline (0.9% NaCl) acutely to the rats maintained on the three powdered diets produced a small transient increase in circulating corticosterone that was similar to that in rats maintained on the normal 41B pelleted diet. 3. Feeding glucose acutely to the rats on the powdered diets produced peak concentrations of corticosterone that were 2-3-fold higher than those seen in rats maintained on the 41B diet. The duration of this response increased in the order starch diet10%) but not in the case of the cow infection rate categories (<20%, >20%). The use of both total cell counts and percentages of cell volume in channel 8 did not improve the overall predictive value over that achieved by the sole use of percentage of cell volume in channel 8 in the case of the quarter infection rate groupings but did to some extent in the case of the cow infection rate groupings. When the classification functions were applied prospectively and considering combinations of the two cell count determinations only, it was found that they were able to correctly classify, on the basis of the quarter infection rate groupings, approximately 75% of the study herds. It is concluded that the system described herein has limited application as a basis for selecting problem herds. PMID- 7042054 TI - The pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from various sources in four test systems. AB - Six tests were applied to 39 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica of various serotypes and from several sources in an attempt to relate the test to pathogenicity of the strains. The tests that were used were the pig gut loop test and the infant mouse test for heat stable enterotoxin, the Sereny and HeLa cell tests for invasiveness, inhibition of growth on magnesium oxalate agar, and the ability to cause diarrhea in infant mice. The pig gut loop test was found to be unsuitable for detection of heat stable enterotoxin but 20 strains produced heat stable enterotoxin that was detected in infant mice. None of the strains was positive in the Sereny test but 21 invaded HeLa cells. The growth of 20 strains was inhibited at 37 degrees C on magnesium oxalate agar and, in the orally infected mice, 23 strains caused diarrhea or death. These findings indicate a discrepancy between the infant mouse test and the ligated intestine test in pigs for heat stable enterotoxin and a significant difference in Y. enterocolitica heat stable enterotoxin compared with Escherichia coli heat stable enterotoxin because the former failed to elicit a significant response in pig intestine. PMID- 7042055 TI - Evaluation of the API 20E system for the identification of gram-negative nonfermenters from animal origin. AB - The API 20E system was evaluated on isolates from animals of aerobic nonfermentative and cytochrome oxidase positive Gram-negative rods. An accuracy of identification of 80% (214/268 isolates) was achieved for those organisms included in the 1976-1977 API profile index. Members of the genera Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were identified with 100% accuracy. Organisms not included in the API profile gave either an unacceptable profile number or were incorrectly identified as Moraxella spp. When the inoculum size was increased there was better identification. PMID- 7042056 TI - The Schild regression in the process of receptor classification. AB - The history and derivation of the Schild equation is reviewed as well as the conditions under which the intercept of a Schild regression (the pA2, an empirical quantity) can be considered to be an estimate of the equilibrium dissociation constant of the antagonist for the receptor (KB). This parameter is of value in the classification of receptors. To be considered competitive (and, therefore, to be described in molecular terms by a KB), an antagonist must produce parallel displacement of agonist concentration-response curves with no alteration in the maximal response and thereby yield unambiguous dose ratios of agonist which are independent of agonist concentration. These dose ratios (dr) then can be utilized in the Schild equation (log (dr = 1) = n . log [B] - log KB, where [B] is the molar concentration of antagonist) in the form of a regression of log (dr - 1) on log [B]. If the regression is linear and has a slope of unity, the blockade is consistent with simple competitive antagonism and the intercept can be considered an estimate of the KB. Experimentally, the slope is a parameter critical to the assessment of competitivity. While a slope significantly different from unity may indicate that an antagonist is not competitive, it also may indicate that nonequilibrium exist in the experimental procedures. The importance of uptake mechanisms for agonists, with regards to producing underestimations of antagonist potency, are reviewed along with a concise model by Furchgott which conveniently incorporates these concepts. The possible significance of Schild regression slopes less than 1 and greater than 1 are discussed along with caveats regarding Schild regressions with slopes of unity but erroneous estimates at KB. Short discussions of the use of selective agonists, experiments in vivo, and the assessments of receptor differences from estimates of KB also are given. PMID- 7042057 TI - Interaction of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and arginine with glucose in the perfused pancreas of rats treated with triiodothyronine. AB - Chronic treatment of rats with triiodothyronine (T3) resulted in suppression of insulin release from the isolated pancreas when perfused with 8.6 mM glucose. This inhibition could be partially overcome by 16 mM glucose but the insulin release was still significantly reduced. Arginine and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) induced an insulinotropic action in both control and significantly reduced. Arginine and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) induced an insulinotropic action in both control and T3-treated preparations. This was achieved in the latter, in the absence of a second phase of insulin secretion to glucose. The insulinotropic effect of both arginine and GIP was abolished by mannoheptulose in both control and T3-treated animals. PMID- 7042058 TI - Positive pressure ventilation as a mechanism of reduction of left ventricular afterload. PMID- 7042059 TI - Toxic shock syndrome in Canada. AB - Since 1976, 53 confirmed or suspected cases of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) have been reported in Canada. Twenty-two cases occurred in 1980, and by October 1981 another 21 had been reported. In Canada, like the United States, where nearly 1200 cases have been recorded, TSS appears to be associated with tampon use, although a few cases have occurred in males and in nonmenstruating women. Of the 53 patients 3 died. The enterotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus is probably responsible for TSS. Manufacturers of tampons have now placed warning labels on tampon boxes and information on TSS in the instruction inserts. Women should select tampons of appropriate absorbency for the various stages of menstruation. PMID- 7042060 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Manitoba, 1968-77: the impact of chemotherapy. AB - Manitoba tumour registry data for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma diagnosed between 1968 and 1977 inclusive who were given chemotherapy were reviewed. The Rappaport classification of these tumours enabled general pathologists in the province to distinguish three main prognostic groups. Combination chemotherapy improved survival significantly more than single-agent chemotherapy only for the patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, not for those with diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma or the more favourable histologic types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--diffuse well differentiated lymphocytic and nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic. For the last two types, therefore, the more intensive chemotherapy is not justified. PMID- 7042061 TI - Dr. James Barry: military man--or woman? PMID- 7042062 TI - Malcolm Rutherford MacCharles. PMID- 7042063 TI - Appraisal of pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AB - Sixty-six patients more than 30 days and less thant 16 years of age suffering an unexpected cardiac arrest in an 18-month period were included in a study of resuscitative measures in children. Six children survived to be discharged from hospital. Respiratory disease accounted for most (29%) of the cardiac arrests, but it also had the most favourable prognosis, 21% of the 19 patients surviving. None of the patients survived whose cardiac arrest was secondary to sepsis or trauma, even when the resuscitative efforts were initially successful. Only 1 of the 41 patients who had a cardiac arrest outside of hospital survived, and only 1 of the 34 patients who presented with asystole survived, and then with considerable damage to the central nervous system. The interval between cardiac arrest and application of basic life support was substantially shorter among the survivors. Also, most of the survivors did not present with asystole. The results of this study suggest that survival among resuscitated children is no better than that among adults but can be improved with early recognition and monitoring of children at risk. earlier application of basic and advanced life support, improved education of medical and lay personnel, and further research into pediatric resuscitative techniques. PMID- 7042064 TI - Dr. Harold Segall: a pioneer cardiologist reminisces. PMID- 7042065 TI - Kettering Award Lecture. The role of marrow transplantation in the eradication of malignant disease. PMID- 7042066 TI - Ultrastructural localization of carcinoembryonic antigen in normal intestine and colon cancer: abnormal distribution of CEA on the surfaces of colon cancer cells. AB - The distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in normal small intestine, normal colon, and colon cancer of humans was determined immunocytochemically by the peroxidase-labeled antibody method at the light and electron microscopic levels. In the small intestine, CEA was found in protein synthetic organelles, in the mucus, on the microvilli of goblet cells, and on some microvilli of columnar cells adjacent to goblet cells. In the normal colon, CEA was found in protein synthetic organelles of the fully differentiated columnar cells and goblet cells, as well as on the microvilli of the cells. In two well-differentiated colon cancers, the normal preferential surface expression of CEA on the microvilli was maintained, but in six poorly differentiated cancers, CEA was distributed equally over the entire cell surface. We conclude that CEA is a product of goblet cells in the small intestine, columnar and goblet cells in the colon, and colonic cancer cells. CEA on the surfaces of the normal epithelial cells is expressed in a polar manner. This polarity is lacking in undifferentiated neoplastic colon cells, which suggests that failure to establish or maintain the polar expression of normal cell-surface glycoproteins is a characteristic of the neoplastic cells. PMID- 7042067 TI - The detection of estrogen receptors in gynecologic tumors using immunoperoxidase and the dextran-coated charcoal assay. AB - The dextran-coated charcoal receptor assay for demonstrating functional estrogen and progesterone receptors was used to evaluate the receptor content of gynecological tumors. An immunocytochemical method, the immunoperoxidase antiperoxidase method, that may detect estrogen receptors, was also employed on the same specimens utilizing sections from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks. The results by the two methods were compared and were correlated with the state of differentiation of the tumors. According to the dextran-coated charcoal method, two cases of well differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma were strongly positive for both estradiol and progesterone receptors, and three moderately differentiated cases contained lesser amounts of both types of receptors. Six cases of undifferentiated adenocarcinoma ranged from no detectable receptors to very high values, while of five cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, only two were positive for estradiol receptors by the dextran-coated charcoal method. Staining of tissue sections from these same cases using the immunoperoxidase method, demonstrated a positive correlation to the dextran coated charcoal assay for estrogen receptors. The Dextran-coated charcoal method is presently being used clinically as a screening measure for statistical probability of a patient's response to hormone therapy. The degree of positive correlation shown here suggests that use of the immunoperoxidase method may have further potential for diagnostic and clinical use, and merits further investigation. PMID- 7042068 TI - Actinomycin-D plus 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamine (DTIC) with or without intravenous Corynebacterium parvum in metastatic malignant melanoma. AB - Chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy of Stage IV B malignant melanoma were compared in 88 patients. Chemotherapy consisted of DTIC 250 mg/M2 of the body surface area daily x five days and actinomycin-D 2 mg/M2 on day 1 repeated every 3--4 weeks. Chemoimmunotherapy consisted of the same regimen plus C. parvum 2 mg/M2 I.V. daily for 14 days before every third cycle of chemotherapy, plus 2 mg/M2 I.V. daily on days 7 and 14 of each 21--28 day chemotherapy cycle. There was 32 evaluable chemotherapy and 33 evaluable chemoimmunotherapy patients and the groups were well balanced for clinical and pathologic as well as prognostic variables. The complete and partial remission rates, remission and survival durations, and hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicities were different in the two randomized groups being 6 and 3%, 9 and 9%, 7.6 and 12 months, 8.8 and 6.0 months, 20 and 16%, and 62 and 70%, respectively for these parameters. This difference was not statistically significant. Therefore, it can be concluded that the results of chemotherapy with actinomycin-D plus DTIC were not substantially different from those reported using DTIC alone, and that we cannot recommend the addition of actinomycin-D to DTIC for palliative management in these patients. Furthermore, C. parvum immunotherapy did not add to chemotherapy in terms of remission rate, remission duration, or survival for patients with Stage IV B malignant melanoma. PMID- 7042069 TI - Calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen in poorly differentiated follicular carcinoma. AB - Previous studies have shown that certain patients suffering from poorly differentiated follicular carcinoma (PDFC) of the thyroid had high levels of calcitonin (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the plasma. In this work, both CT and CEA were localized in tissue sections obtained at operation from patients suffering from PDFC. The results confirm the hypothesis that certain cases of PDFC are in fact CT-secreting tumors and represent another type of thyroid neoplasma. Patients suffering from PDFC should be screened using both CT and CEA assays. PMID- 7042070 TI - Carcinoma cuniculatum (verrucous carcinoma of the skin): a clinicopathologic study of 46 cases with ultrastructural observations. AB - Forty-six examples of carcinoma cuniculatum, a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, were studied by means of light and electron microscopy and immunoperoxidase techniques. The tumors usually presented as ulcerated, fungating, and polypoid masses with openings of sinus tracts onto the skin surface that exuded foul-smelling greasy material when pressure was applied. On microscopic examination the tumors were seen to be composed mainly of mature squamous keratinocytes with foci of cellular atypia. Electron microscopic studies revealed features of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The tumor may affect any cutaneous area of the body, and there is a predilection for the feet, particularly the soles. The cause must still be determined, but trauma, chronic irritation, and/or viral infection may play a role. The neoplasm is a low-grade carcinoma capable of local invasion, extension into bone, and rare metastasis to the regional lymph node. Although immunoperoxidase studies revealed no inclusions, infection by human papilloma virus (HPV) remains a possibility. PMID- 7042071 TI - Presentation of malignant lymphoma in the rectum. AB - Because of their rarity, rectal malignant lymphomas are generally included in the group of large intestine lymphomas. A study of eight cases of rectal lymphomas revealed distinctive clinicopathologic correlations. Using the Lukes-Collins classification of malignant lymphomas, the authors interpreted all the cases as B cell lymphomas, supported by immunologic studies in four cases. Seven cases were classified diffuse follicular center cell (FCC) lymphomas; four as small cleaved FCC; and three as small noncleaved FCC. One case was interpreted as plasmacytoid lymphocytic lymphoma. Monoclonality was demonstrated by immunoperoxidase staining of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin in three cases and by immunologic surface marker studies in another case . The small noncleaved follicular center cell lymphomas presented as localized tumors (clinical Stage I), so-called primary lymphomas. The small cleaved follicular center cell lymphomas, by contrast, were part of a generalized lymphomatous process in three of the four cass with demonstrated involvement of the gastrointestinal tract elsewhere in two cases. PMID- 7042072 TI - The roles of staging laparotomy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in the management of localized diffuse large cell lymphoma: a study of 75 patients. AB - A retrospective study of 75 laparotomy-studied Stage I and II patients with diffuse large cell (histiocytic) lymphoma was conducted to determine the relative contributions of laparotomy, radiotherapy, and combination chemotherapy to their management. The treatment programs were radiotherapy alone, radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, and alternating chemotherapy-radiotherapy. Treatment selection was based on disease presentation, with limited therapy used for favorable patterns and intensive therapy used in prognostically unfavorable settings. Disease-free survival was best in those treated with initial chemotherapy, even though these patients comprised the least favorable prognostic group. A select subset of patients, those with extranodal head and neck disease, obtained good results with radiotherapy alone, but for other presentations this was not a successful approach. Differences in results for the three treatment programs are discussed in relation to future treatment decisions. PMID- 7042073 TI - Follow-up adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy for stage II and III carcinoma of the breast. AB - Patients with stage II or III carcinoma of the breast were assigned to one of three adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy treatment groups following radical or modified radical mastectomy. This study compares the efficacy of single drug treatment (melphalan) versus multiple drug regimens (CFP and CFP + BCG). In the initial phase of the project participants in the melphalan group showed a higher recurrence rate than those in the CFP and CFP + BCG groups. The recurrence rate of the melphalan group was 4.4 times higher than the recurrence rate of the combined polychemotherapy arms. However, after the initial phase, the recurrence rates for the polychemotherapy arms steadily increased and approached the dropping rate of the melphalan group. Currently (247 weeks after the beginning of the study and nine months after the last patient accrual), 194 patients have been treated (median follow-up time of 101 weeks), and no significant differences can be detected between the three treatment arms using any of the following criteria: disease-free interval, proportion of recurrence and recurrence rate. The only factors which are significant with respect to recurrence are the two prognostic factors: tumor size and degree of nodal involvement. The two chemotherapy groups, CFP and CFP + BCG, show no significant difference with respect to recurrence rate along the entire span of the study. PMID- 7042074 TI - Peptichemio versus melphalan (L-PAM) in advanced breast cancer. AB - Peptichemio is a polypeptide complex of L-phenylalanine mustard. Because of structural similarities between melphalan (L-PAM) and Peptichemio a prospective randomized study was done to compare the therapeutic efficacy of these two agents. After failing various combinations of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, methotrexate, and vincristine patients with advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive either Peptichemio or L-PAM. Peptichemio was administered at 75-100 mg/m2 and L-PAM at 30-40 mg/m2 IV q 3-4 week interval. Of 56 evaluable patients, 28 received peptichemio and 28 received L-PAM. There were no objective responses in the L-PAM group, and disease stabilized in four patients (14%). The median duration of stable disease was three months (range, 3 4 months). In the peptichemio group seven patients (25%) achieved a partial remission, one patient (3%) achieved less than partial remission and three patients (11%) had stable disease. The median duration of response was six months (range, 5-7+ months) for responding patients and three months (range, 2-5 months) for stable disease. The major toxicity of both drugs was myelosuppression which was cumulative. In conclusion, peptichemio is an active agent in advanced breast cancer, but L-PAM is ineffective in previously treated patients with metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 7042076 TI - Treatment of tissue extravasation by antitumor agents. AB - Infiltration of antitumor agents into subcutaneous tissues may either result in a local area of self-resolving inflammation, or progress to full-thickness loss of skin and underlying vital structures. The immediate treatment of 50 extravasations occurring over a 20-month period resulted in our developing a protocol of appropriate care. Once extravasation is suspected, the intravenous line is removed, ice is applied intermittently for three days, and the wound is observed closely. No drugs are even given locally. If local pain persists or skin changes progress, the area of involvement is debrided and, a skin graft is applied two to three days later. As a result of this conservative approach, only 12 of 50 patients have required surgery. This method of treatment has minimized patient mortality, hospitalizations, and loss of synchronization of chemotherapy. PMID- 7042075 TI - Veno-occlusive disease of the liver after high-dose mitomycin C therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. AB - Twenty-nine patients with refractory malignancies underwent intensive therapy with mitomycin C (60, 75, or 90 mg/m2 IV) and autologous marrow transplantation. Six patients developed the clinical syndrome of hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) characterized by progressive abnormalities in liver function, abdominal pain, and ascites 15-70 days after mitomycin C therapy. Postmortem material was available in 16 patients, including four patients who had the clinical syndrome. VOD of the central and sublobular hepatic veins was noted in these four patients. VOD was discovered incidentally at autopsy in one of 12 patients without antemortem clinical evidence of disease. Two patients with abnormalities of liver function but without ascites or right upper quadrant pain had no evidence of VOD at autopsy. Although not statistically significant, there was a greater incidence of VOD with increasing doses of mitomycin C. When bone marrow toxicity of mitomycin C was overcome by autologous bone marrow transplantation, the development of VOD appeared to be the limiting factor in dose escalation. PMID- 7042077 TI - Infrequent infections associated with Hickman catheters. PMID- 7042078 TI - Generation of tumor cells with reduced DNA content as a result of macrophage tumoricidal activity. PMID- 7042079 TI - Regulation of the expression of adoptive tumor rejection immunity by recipient cyclophosphamide-sensitive cells. AB - Peritoneal exudate T-cells from rats immune to 13762A rat mammary tumor conferred specific tumor rejection immunity on normal recipients. The efficiency of systemic adoptive transfer of tumor rejection immunity with immune peritoneal exudate T-cells was improved by cyclophosphamide (CY) pretreatment of recipients. Optimal potentiation was obtained with a dose of 50 or 100 mg CY per kg body weight given the day before transfer. CY pretreatment of recipients was effective 1 to 3 days prior to transfer. The CY-potentiating effect was lost with longer intervals between CY administration and transfer, indicating recipient recovery. CY pretreatment enabled recipients to reject greater numbers (100 times) of tumor cells and inhibited tumor challenge established before systemic adoptive transfer. The CY-induced potentiation of systemic transfer of tumor immunity was reversed by i.v.-administered normal spleen. We concluded that CY-sensitive host regulatory cells restricted the expression of adoptive tumor rejection immunity. Control of the activity of these regulatory cells allows increased efficacy of effector T-lymphocytes in this system. PMID- 7042080 TI - Comparison of the actions of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine and 9-beta D-arabinofuranosyladenine on target enzymes from mouse tumor cells. AB - 9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine (2-F-ara-A), a derivative of 9-beta-D arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) that is resistant to deamination, selectively inhibits DNA synthesis and has activity against mouse leukemia L1210 comparable to that of ara-A plus the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 2'-deoxycoformycin. To determine if these two nucleosides have similar modes of action, comparisons were made of their effects and those of their triphosphates on enzymes known to be inhibited by ara-A or 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-triphosphate. 9-beta-D Arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine 5'-triphosphate was more effective than 9-beta-D arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-triphosphate in inhibiting the reduction of adenosine 5'-diphosphate and cytidine 5'-diphosphate by ribonucleotide reductase from HEp-2 cells or L1210 cells. DNA polymerase alpha from L1210 cells was equally sensitive to 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine 5'-triphosphate and 9-beta-D arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-triphosphate, and DNA polymerase beta from L1210 cells was much less sensitive to both triphosphates. S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase from L1210 cells was inactivated by 2-F-ara-A and ara-A, but higher concentrations of the fluoro derivative were required. These results are consistent with 2-F-ara-A and ara-A inhibition of DNA synthesis by inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase and DNA polymerase alpha. PMID- 7042081 TI - Correlations between cell surface protease activities and abnormalities of occludens junctions in rat bladder carcinoma in vitro. AB - Microenvironmental alterations, i.e., proteolytic enzymes, may play a causative role in abnormalities of zonulae occludentes. To test this hypothesis, we compared in vitro the ultrastructure of three carcinoma cell lines which were derived from N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide-induced tumors of the rat urinary bladder. One of these lines had a high cell surface protease activity; the other two lines exhibited relatively low activities. Quantitative electron microscopy data revealed differences in configuration and distribution of zonula occludens-intramembrane fibrils among these cell lines, as indicated by means and standard deviations of zonulae occludens widths, and numbers of intramembrane fibrils. Although the total length of the intramembranous fibrils per square micrometer of occludens junction area was not statistically different in the three lines, junctional morphology varied greatly. Thus, carcinoma cells with high surface protease activities are able to synthesize near-normal amounts of intramembrane fibrils but are unable to assemble normal zonulae occludentes. This indicates that alterations in zonula occludens morphology, which have been induced by exogenous proteolytic enzymes, are identical to those observed in a cell line with high cell surface protease activity. PMID- 7042082 TI - Identification and purification of a Mr 75,000 cell surface human melanoma associated antigen. AB - Surface macromolecules on cultured human melanoma cells wee radioiodinated by a lactoperoxidase method. Macromolecules shed into culture medium were collected, concentrated, and fractionated on Sepharose 6B and lentil lectin-Sepharose. Radioactivity associated with macromolecules was assayed by precipitation with trichloracetic acid, and that associated with melanoma-associated antigens (MAA) was assayed by specific immunoprecipitation with xenogeneic anti-melanoma serum. Following the last step in purification, approximately two-thirds of the acid insoluble radioactivity in the most MAA-active fraction was associated with this antigen. MAA concentration in this fraction was approximately 200-fold greater than that in cells, and it contained a single labeled protein band by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The MAA was a glycoprotein consisting of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of approximately 75,000. This antigen was common to several but not to all melanomas. It was not detected, or was present in much decreased concentration, in 16 other unrelated allogeneic or xenogeneic normal and malignant cells. It was immunologically unrelated to serum albumin or fibronectin. These observations indicate that we have highly purified a Mr 75,000 cell surface component of human melanoma cell which appears to be a MAA. PMID- 7042083 TI - Identification of tumor-associated antigens on ultraviolet light-induced tumors using antitumor antibodies developed in ascites fluid. AB - A method is described which leads to the production of large amounts of ascites containing antitumor antibody in small numbers of mice. The antibody was then used to identify and characterize tumor-associated antigens on an ultraviolet light-induced murine skin fibrosarcoma. The antibody showed specific complement dependent cytotoxicity to the homologous tumor and to an allogeneic tumor line which displayed a glycoprotein viral determinant with a molecular weight of 70,000 on its surface. Absorption of the immune ascites with other tumor cell lines removed the cytotoxicity in relation to the presence of the glycoprotein. Isolation of the tumor cell surface components binding antibody revealed two components with molecular weights of approximately 70,000 and 60,000. The Mr 70,000 component was identified as viral gp70 by peptide mapping. PMID- 7042084 TI - Immunofluorescence localization of fibronectin in chondrosarcoma cartilage matrix. AB - In this study, we have compared the extracellular matrix components and the in vitro adhesion characteristics of normal rat epiphysial chondrocytes with those from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma, which has many of the biochemical characteristics of normal cartilage. With the use of immunofluorescence techniques, tissue slices and chondrocytes in culture were tested for the presence of collagen types I and II, cartilage-characteristic proteoglycan, and fibronectin. Both normal and tumor matrix contained type II collagen and cartilage proteoglycan, but only the tumor matrix contained fibronectin. In culture, tumor-derived chondrocytes continued to accumulate fibronectin in their matrix, even after deposition of type II collagen and proteoglycans, while normal chondrocytes did not. When the attachment characteristics of both types of chondrocytes were compared, tumor chondrocytes required fibronectin for attachment, while normal chondrocytes used another attachment factor that had been identified previously as chondronectin. These studies suggest that, although biochemically similar to normal chondrocytes, tumor chondrocytes are no longer able to express the regulatory mechanisms for fibronectin accumulation. PMID- 7042085 TI - Influence of temperature on platinum binding to DNA, cell killing, and mutation induction in Escherichia coli K-12 cells treated with cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II). AB - Cell killing and specificity of mutation induction by treatment of Escherichia coli K-12 cells with cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 at various temperatures have been studied. Survival experiments show that the cell killing by cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 is enhanced with increasing temperature. This effect is explained by an increase in the amount of platinum bound to the DNA. The binding is the same in repair-proficient and in repair-deficient cells. However, the mutation induction in the lacI gene is much more strongly enhanced than could be expected from the increased platinum binding. This phenomenon is attributed to a different distribution of the induced lesions by cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 at various temperatures and not to an aberrant excision repair. Analysis of the induced lacI mutants revealed an increase in the percentage of nonsense mutants at higher temperature. Among the nonsense mutations, base-pair substitutions at GAG and particularly at GCG sequences are enhanced by the increasing temperature. The results are in agreement with our hypothesis that local denaturation of DNA, known to be promoted at higher temperature, is necessary for the formation of intrastrand cross-links at two guanine bases separated by a third base. PMID- 7042086 TI - Objective regressions of T- and B-cell lymphomas in patients following treatment with anti-thymocyte globulin. AB - We have conducted a clinical trial utilizing anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) for the treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Six patients were treated; 50% reductions in tumor mass of short duration were observed in one patient with a T-cell lymphoma and two patients with B-cell lymphomas. In vitro assays have been performed in an attempt to study the reactivity and potential mechanism of antitumor action of the ATG. The ATG bound to essentially all normal blood mononuclear leukocytes as well as tumor cells from patients with T-, B-, or null cell lymphomas demonstrating its lack of specificity. Furthermore, complement-mediated lysis of normal mononuclear leukocytes, normal T- or B-cells, and tumor cells from two unresponsive patients were all comparable; moreover, since this lysis occurred only at concentrations of ATG that are not attainable in vivo, it is unlikely that complement-mediated cytotoxicity accounts for the responses observed. Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts and total erythrocyte rosettes did decrease during ATG treatment. Thus, objective tumor responses in both B- and T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas can be achieved with a very nonspecific antiserum although significant toxicity resulted. Whether the magnitude or duration of response can be increased with monoclonal antibodies remains to be determined. Future success with serotherapy might require use of either a battery of different monoclonal antibodies or a single monoclonal antibody that can deliver radioisotopes, chemotherapy, or toxins to the tumor cells. PMID- 7042087 TI - Treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease: 10-year experience in the Eastern Cooperative Oncology group. AB - Between 1972 and 1981, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group completed two major studies of advanced Hodgkin's disease. The first trial EST 2472, demonstrated that the five-drug combination of carmustine (BCNU), cyclophosphamide, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BCVPP) is an effective alternative to mechlorethamine, vincristine, prednisone, and procarbazine (MOPP) chemotherapy. Although the complete remission (CR) rate for BCVPP (77%) was similar to that for MOPP (73%) in this randomized trial, the choice of induction chemotherapy significantly influenced CR duration. Patients achieving CR with BCVPP had a significantly greater disease-free survival than those who achieved CR with MOPP (65% vs 50%, respectively, at 5 years, P = 0.02). Overall survival is not different at this time between patients who received BCVPP and those who received MOPP. BCVPP produced significantly less gastrointestinal toxicity and neurotoxicity than MOPP. There was no influence on CR duration or survival with maintenance chemotherapy or BCG immunotherapy when compared to no further treatment. In the second trial, EST 1476, there was only a 58% CR rate with six cycles of low-dose bleomycin-MOPP induction chemotherapy. Complete responders and continuing partial responders were then randomized to receive either non-cross resistant chemotherapy with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and DTIC (dacarbazine) (ABVD) or low-dose radiotherapy to all sites of pretreatment involvement except bone marrow. Fifty percent of the partial responses were converted to CR with either ABVD or radiotherapy consolidation. The overall CR rate at the end of consolidation was 68%. At the present time, there is no significant difference in disease-free or overall survival between ABVD and radiotherapy. PMID- 7042088 TI - Effect of age on therapeutic response and survival in advanced Hodgkin's disease. AB - Although age is a recognized prognostic factor in advanced Hodgkin's disease, there are few data concerning the use of combination chemotherapy in patients greater than 60 years. In two phase III trials of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B, 385 previously untreated patients with stage III or IV Hodgkin's disease received multidrug chemotherapy. All patients received a combination of either mechlorethamine or a nitrosourea, as well as a vinca alkaloid, procarbazine, and prednisone. Two hundred and five patients were less than 40 years of age, 107 were 40-59 years, and 73 were greater than or equal to 60 years. The overall response rates in these three age groups were 70%, 66%, and 40%, respectively. Age at the time of diagnosis was the predominant factor affecting response, and the response rate was not significantly higher in those older patients who received full doses of chemotherapy. Age was also associated with an increased frequency of serious leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. The group of patients greater than or equal to 60 years of age experienced the shortest median time to recurrence, 33 months. The intermediate age group also had a shorter time to recurrence (median, 44 months) than patients less than 40 years (median not yet reached). The low complete response rate and the short duration of response in the patients greater than or equal to 60 years of age resulted in a median survival time of 18 months. Even when the analysis of restricted to just the older patients who received greater than or equal to 90% of the projected drug doses, the complete remission rate, the median time to recurrence (20 months), and the duration of survival (27 months) are still much shorter than in younger patients. PMID- 7042089 TI - Chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease: conclusions from the Southeastern Cancer Study Group. AB - The Southeastern Cancer Study Group has explored a variety of approaches to the management of advanced Hodgkin's disease. These have largely involved the use of nitrosoureas, especially BCNU (carmustine), alone or in combination with other agents. Initial phase II trials of BCNU as a single agent in patients refractory to mechlorethamine demonstrated considerable antitumor activity. Exploratory experiments with BCNU in combination with alkylating agents, vinca alkaloids, and corticosteroids resulted in the development of the combination BVCPP (BCNU, vinblastine, cyclophosphamide, procarbazine, and prednisone). BVCPP, given only once monthly, produces at least a 65% complete response rate with minimal to moderate toxicity, making it an effective alternative to other regimens such as MOPP. Alternating BVCPP with a non-cross-resistant combination (doxorubicin, DTIc [dacarbazine], and bleomycin) offered no advantage in response rate or survival. Continued research with new agents and/or combined modality approaches is necessary in view of continued primary and secondary treatment failure with all regimens used for the management of advanced Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7042091 TI - Chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease: the remaining challenges. PMID- 7042090 TI - Multidisciplinary treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease by an alternating chemotherapeutic regimen of MOPP/ABDV and low-dose radiation therapy restricted to originally bulky disease. AB - Ninety-one evaluable patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease (patients with stages IIB, IIIB, or IV disease and patients with IIIA disease who were greater than 35 years old or had mixed cellularity or lymphocyte depletion histology) received chemotherapy with MOPP and ABDV given in alternating months; radiation therapy (RT) (2000 rad in 2 weeks) was given during Month 5 of therapy to the previously untreated patients through ports that were limited to the originally bulky disease. The complete remission rates observed were: 88% in previously untreated patients, 69% in patients who had had prior RT but minimal chemotherapy, and 50% in patients who had had prior heavy chemotherapy. The actuarial relapse-free survival rates at 4 years, for patients who had complete remission, are: previously untreated, 84%; prior RT, 70%; and prior heavy chemotherapy, 30%. The total actuarial survival rates at 5 years for all 118 patients, evaluable and nonevaluable, who were entered in the study, are: previously untreated, 80%, prior RT, 57%; and prior heavy chemotherapy, 40%. PMID- 7042092 TI - Intergroup Hodgkin's disease in children study of stages I and II: a preliminary report. AB - The intergroup study of involved-field (IF) radiotherapy, IF radiotherapy plus MOPP chemotherapy, and extended-field (EF) radiotherapy for treatment of Hodgkin's disease in children has assessed 305 patients. Of these, 279 were "not ineligible" (no mediate cause for disqualification). Among 223 randomized patients, 144 were evaluable, 131 had documentation of complete or partial remission, 20 of the remitters relapsed, and two died. Among 62 nonrandomized patients with favorable presentations (unilateral upper neck, unilateral inguinal, or massive mediastinal disease), 29 had documented remission, two relapsed, and none died. Length of initial disease control (LIDC) was used to measure duration of response. LIDC was best in patients given IF plus MOPP, and 95% are disease free. EF was better than IF radiotherapy (P = 0.004). Of the disease characteristics prognostic for response (stage, histologic subtype, and presence of symptoms), only the last factor had a statistically significant effect on LIDC (P = 0.004). Ninety-six percent of the patients survive. Using criteria developed by the committee, 23% of the staging procedures reviewed were nonevaluable and 28% of the radiotherapy treatments were nonevaluable. The necessity for criteria for evaluation of staging and treatment is certain. Length of followup is too short for correlations of treatment with significant late effects and for relevant therapeutic recommendations. PMID- 7042093 TI - Hodgkin's disease in children: treatment results with MOPP and low-dose, extended field irradiation. AB - Combined therapy with MOPP and extended-field irradiation for all children with Hodgkin's disease (except those with favorable clinical stage [CS] 1) was effective in disease control. Overall 5-year survival and relapse-free survival rates were 92% and 82%, respectively. Only one of 27 CS 2 and 3 patients has relapsed (median followup, 4.3 years). Two patients in complete remission died of viral infection. The cost-benefit ratio for such treatment remains to be determined. Morbidity was decreased by the omission of staging laparotomy with splenectomy and by reduction in radiation dose and to a lesser extent volume, but it was increased by the addition of MOPP. In such combined treatment, the smallest number of cycles of MOPP, the lowest radiation dose, and the smallest radiation volume that may be used without loss of treatment effectiveness remain to be determined. PMID- 7042094 TI - Demineralization of human dental enamel by karaya gum solutions. PMID- 7042095 TI - Demineralisation of human enamel by Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10832 using a sequential batch culture technique. PMID- 7042096 TI - A biochemical micromethod to characterize Streptococcus mutans. PMID- 7042097 TI - Calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinases. PMID- 7042098 TI - Calmodulin pharmacology. AB - Calmodulin (CaM) is a major intracellular receptor for Ca2+. CaM is thus a crucial receptor to consider in pharmacological modification of cellular activity. Potential mechanisms by which drugs may modify CaM effectiveness are considered in the context of its interaction with Ca2+ and in turn with its various effectors. Some examples of established drug mechanisms are considered. A wide range of chemical compounds representing diverse pharmacological classes are anti-CaM under some conditions. No simple relationships have been established between molecular level events and therapeutic applicability of anti-CaM compounds. PMID- 7042099 TI - Directionality of yeast mating-type interconversion. AB - The mating-type a and alpha alleles of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae interconvert by a transposition-substitution reaction where replicas of the silent mating loci, at HML and HMR, are transmitted to the expressed mating-type locus (MAT). HML is on the left arm and HMR on the right arm, while MAT is in the middle of chromosome III. Cells with the genotype HML alpha HMRa switch mating type efficiently at a frequency of about 86%. Since well over 50% of the cells switch, it is thought that switches do not occur randomly, but are directed to occur to the opposite mating-type allele. In contrast, we report that strains possessing the reverse HMLa HMR alpha arrangement switch (phenotype) inefficiently at a maximum of about 6%. The basis for this apparent reduced frequency of switching is that these strains preferentially yield futile homologous MAT locus switches--that is, MATa to MATa and MAT alpha to MAT alpha- and consequently, most of these events are undetected. We used genetically marked HM loci to demonstrate that alpha cells preferentially choose HMR as donor and a cells preferentially choose HML as donor, irrespective of the genetic content of the silent loci. Because of this feature, HML alpha HMRa strains generate predominantly heterologous while HMLa HMR alpha strains produce predominantly homologous MAT switches. The control for directionality of switching therefore is not at the level of transposing heterologous mating-type information, but only at the level of choosing HML versus HMR as the donor. In strains where the preferred donor locus is deleted, the inefficient donor becomes capable of donating efficiently. Thus the preference seems to be mediated by competition between the HM loci for donating information to MAT. PMID- 7042100 TI - The specificity in enzyme immunoassay for plasma and urine cortisol. PMID- 7042101 TI - [A rare form of congenital esophageal stenosis: abortive esophageal atresia (author's transl)]. AB - This communication describes two new cases of esophageal malformation situated at the usual level of atresias. In these two stenosis, the superior segment overlapped the inferior segment a certain length, and the inferior segment adhered closely to the trachea. When recognized, this malformation responds well to instrumental dilatation. PMID- 7042102 TI - [Placing Gobin-Weiss loops in the absence of any special instrumentation]. PMID- 7042103 TI - [Value of tomodensitometry in the study of crystalline density : current status]. PMID- 7042104 TI - [Papillary conjunctivitis induced by synthetic thread]. PMID- 7042105 TI - Intercellular junctions of normal human gingival epithelium. A study using freeze fracture. PMID- 7042106 TI - Electrophysiological response of vascularized hamster cardiac transplants to ischemia. AB - To study transmembrane electrophysiological properties of blood-perfused mammalian heart cells during normal perfusion and during acute ischemia, 1- to 2 mm cubes of neonatal hamster atrial and ventricular myocardium were transplanted to the adult hamster cheek pouch and studied with microelectrodes 4--7 days later, when vascularization and spontaneous contractions occurred. Action potentials recorded from the transplants were similar to those recorded from neonatal and adult hamster myocardium studied in vitro. Interrupting blood flow to spontaneously beating transplants reduced diastolic depolarization and suppressed automaticity. After automaticity ceased, the transplants were paced with a bipolar electrode or intracellular microelectrode. Action potential amplitude, resting potential, and dV/dtmax decreased during ischemia. Action potential duration and the intracellular current threshold for excitation increased initially, subsequently decreased to values less than control, and increased again prior to the onset of inexcitability. Conduction delay and block occurred during the late stages of ischemia. Depressed action potentials recorded during ischemia were suppressed by tetrodotoxin (10(-5) M) but not by verapamil (2 x 10(-6) M). These data indicate that: (1) the electrophysiological properties of cheek pouch cardiac transplants are normal, (2) ischemia suppresses transplant automaticity, (3) cellular excitability increases during the early stages of ischemia and decreases at a time when conduction delay and block occur, and (4) action potentials generated during the later stages of ischemia appear to be depressed fast responses, rather than slow responses. PMID- 7042107 TI - Role of angiotensin II on the adrenal and vascular responses to hemorrhage during development in fetal lambs. PMID- 7042108 TI - Acute pulmonary hypertension and lung thromboxane release after endotoxin infusion in normal and leukopenic sheep. PMID- 7042109 TI - Improvement of glucose tolerance and lowering of glycohemoglobin and serum lipid concentrations after discontinuation of antihypertensive drug therapy. AB - Diuretic-based antihypertensive drug therapy causes a disturbance in glucose tolerance and in serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. To determine the reversibility of the glucose intolerance and to identify mechanisms of the metabolic alterations, we examined a short glucose tolerance test and insulin, glycohemoglobin and lipid concentrations during the supervised withdrawal of long term drug therapy in 35 patients with primary hypertension. An average of 7 weeks after stopping drugs, glucose tolerance and glycohemoglobin improved, total cholesterol decreased 18 mg/dl, triglyceride decreased 27 mg/dl, and the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (p less than 0.01 for all variables vs treatment values). The changes in lipid concentrations from the treated to untreated state correlated with the changes in glycohemoglobin and indexes of glucose metabolism. The findings suggest that insulin resistance develops during drug therapy and disturbs both glucose and lipid metabolism. Attention to these alterations may provide directions for further control of atherosclerotic complications during the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7042110 TI - Effects of methylprednisolone on the ischemic damage in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - In this double-blind randomized study, 19 patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction were treated with methylprednisolone administered 4.4 +/- 0.7 hours (+/- SEM) after the onset of chest pain, and were compared with 21 patients who received placebo 4.5 +/- 0.4 hours after the start of clinical symptoms. The two groups were comparable in reference to sex, prevalence of risk factors, clinical status on admission, location of myocardial infarction and magnitude of ischemic injury as assessed by standard ECGs and precordial ST segment and QRS maps. The treated patients, however, were older than the patients who received placebo. Methylprednisolone in an i.v. dose of 2.0 g was administered on admission and a similar dose was infused 3 hours later. Placebo administration followed an identical schedule. Mortality, cardiac rupture, incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, blocks, extension of myocardial infarction, pericarditis, postinfarction chest pain, persistent ST-segment elevation at discharge, and change in Killip class during hospitalization were the same in both groups. Peak enzyme values, and changes in ECG variables pertaining to resolution of ST-segment elevation or development of QRS evolutionary alterations were similar in both groups. Follow-up for 6 months did not reveal any differences in the clinical course of the two groups. Methylprednisolone infused in a total dose of 4.0 g within 12 hours after the onset of chest pain in patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction does not result in any demonstrable beneficial or harmful effects. PMID- 7042111 TI - Acebutolol therapy for ventricular arrhythmia. A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter study. AB - The safety and efficacy of acebutolol in suppressing ventricular ectopy was evaluated in 60 males (average 59 years) using 24-hour Holter recordings and a double-blind, randomized, crossover protocol. Acebutolol, 200 mg and 400 mg thrice daily, was compared with placebo. Only patients who had a mean of at least 30 ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) per hour on three 24-hour control Holter recordings were included. Analysis of Holter recordings revealed greater than 70% reduction in VPCs/hour from control levels during acebutolol therapy in over 50% of the 60 patients; dose-related reduction in the mean number of single and paired VPCs and ventricular tachycardia episodes (p less than 0.05) by acebutolol; and significant, asymptomatic reduction in resting heart rate and blood pressure. All side effects were transient. Acebutolol was discontinued because of side effects in one patient only. PMID- 7042112 TI - Natural history of valvular heart disease. PMID- 7042113 TI - Prognostic implications of diagnostic Q waves after myocardial infarction. AB - The long-term prognostic implications of the electrocardiographic location of a myocardial infarction and the subsequent retention or disappearance of diagnostic Q waves were examined in patients enrolled in the Aspirin Myocardial Infarction Study (AMIS). The 4524 participants, ages 30-69 years, had sustained a myocardial infarction 8 weeks to 60 months before randomization to aspirin and placebo groups. Subjects were followed for at least 3 years (average 38.2 months). Using the Minnesota Code, myocardial infarctions were classified according to three electrocardiographic locations: lateral, inferior and anterior, with further subdivision into major, moderate and minor criteria based on Q-wave duration and Q/R rations. Total mortality was not significantly different among patients with single infarct sites: lateral 11.8%, inferior 8.0% and anterior 9.4%. Patients with multiple electrocardiographic infarct locations had a significantly higher mortality (14.6%, p less than 0.0002). Participants with Minnesota Code major criteria of infarction also had a significantly higher mortality (10.6%) than those with moderate (7.2%) or minor (7.4%) criteria (p less than 0.01). Loss of a previously documented diagnostic Q wave occurred in 14.2% of participants. Mortality among patients who lost Q waves (6.5%) was not significantly different from that among those with persistent Q waves in a single infarct location (8.7%). No long-term prognostic significance can be attributed to the site of infarction or loss of Q wave on the resting ECG. However, major Q-wave criteria and extent of infarction based on multiple coded sites are associated with a higher 3-year mortality. PMID- 7042114 TI - Key references: cardiovascular trauma Part I. PMID- 7042115 TI - The clinical and pharmacological history of theophylline: first report on the bronchospasmolytic action in man by S. R. Hirsch in Frankfurt (Main) 1922. PMID- 7042116 TI - Development and evaluation of a new solid-phase direct immunoenzyme assay for prostatic acid phosphatase. AB - In this assay we used polystyrene-tube-attached rabbit antibodies against prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) that had been purified to homogeneity from human prostate. The amount of immunoreactive acid phosphatase was determined directly by its enzymic activity in the solid-phase-bound immune complex. The detection limit was 0.05 U/L (0.13 microgram/L), the CVs between 4.3 and 10.8%. Investigating the organ specificity of PAP, we found that some cross-reacting acid phosphatase activity could be so measured in human kidney, leukocytes, and platelets, all of which probably contribute to the circulating "prostatic" acid phosphatase that normally is present in serum. Diurnal and day-to-day variations in serum PAP activity were as much as 100% in healthy subjects. Individuals without prostatic diseases (n = 92) had values for serum PAP activity up to 0.36 U/L (0.94 microgram/L), in an age-independent distribution; patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 62) showed values up to 0.48 U/L (1.25 micrograms/L). With PAP activity of 0.38 U/L or 1.0 microgram/L (90th percentile of the prostatic group) as the upper limit of "normality," overall sensitivity (stages A D) for detection of prostatic cancer in 33 essentially untreated patients was 65%. Examples for the followup of therapy of prostatic cancer by measurement of serum PAP with this assay are described. PMID- 7042117 TI - Quantitation of haptens by homogeneous immunoprecipitation. 1. Automated analysis of gentamicin in serum. AB - A new homogeneous immunoprecipitation inhibition assay has been developed to quantitate concentrations of hapten in human serum or plasma without the use of radioactive isotopes, enzymes, fluorescent markers, or laser nephelometers. This immunoprecipitation is based on spectrophotometric measurement of the inhibition by free hapten of the precipitating reaction between antihapten antibody and polyhaptenic antigen. The immunoprecipitation analysis of the antibiotic gentamicin in human serum is reported here. A serum test sample is mixed with gentamicin-human serum albumin polyhaptenic conjugate and rabbit antiserum to gentamicin on a centrifugal analyzer, and the subsequent reaction monitored for 3 min. No sample dilution or pretreatment is required. The within-run and between run coefficients of variation are well below 10%. The results on patients' test samples correlate well with those obtained by commercially available radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay kits. PMID- 7042118 TI - Enhancement techniques for detecting trace and fluid-specific components in two dimensional electrophoresis patterns. AB - Albumin and other serum-derived proteins were removed from several types of body fluids by affinity chromatography, to facilitate detection of trace or non-serum derived proteins in two-dimensional electrophoresis patterns. Albumin was removed by the dye Cibacron Blue F3G-A coupled to Sepharose. Two-dimensional patterns of albumin-depleted serum lack the large albumin spot, and several families of spots become visible that ordinarily are partly or totally hidden by it. However, other proteins also bind to Cibacron Blue. Most serum proteins, including albumin, were effectively removed by anti-human serum antibodies coupled to Sepharose. Two dimensional patterns of serum-depleted cerebrospinal fluid exhibit five clusters of probable nervous-system protein families not detected in serum. One additional family, probably antigenically related to transferrin, was removed by the affinity step. Two-dimensional patterns of serum-depleted prostatic fluid exhibit five major non-serum families, two of which may be creatine kinase B subunits and prostatic acid phosphatase. Two-dimensional patterns of serum-depleted malignant effusions exhibit one or more of three proteins that possibly are tumor products. Pattern matching suggests the presence of one non-serum-derived protein family common to cerebrospinal fluid, prostatic fluid, and malignant effusions. Prostatic fluid and malignant effusions have in common as many as three non-serum families of proteins. PMID- 7042119 TI - Characterization of allergen extracts by two-dimensional electrophoretic techniques: Micropolyspora faeni antigens. AB - Thermophilic actinomycetes and saprobic fungi are important in the etiology of allergic occupational diseases such as "farmer's lung" disease. Each such organism produces several protein antigens. Inhaled, these antigens stimulate production of antibodies. Detection of precipitating antibodies has been useful in the diagnosis of diseases so induced. Characterization of allergen extracts from microorganisms associated with these diseases is important, to improve the sensitivity and precision of the precipitin analysis. For this purpose we submitted crude allergen extracts to electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing in agarose gels. Staining the gels revealed many protein components in each extract, especially after isoelectric focusing. After separation in one dimension, a lane of gel was cut out and the proteins were electrophoresed at right angles into another gel, which contained antibodies. Several arcs of immunoprecipitates, indicating different antigens, were seen. This technique ("crossed immunoelectrofocusing") has earlier been used with polyacrylamide in the first dimension, but it is improved by using instead agarose of a special quality. Further to improve the quantification, we isolated pieces of gel containing the proteins of interest and used them as samples in zone immunoelectrophoresis assay. This method is straightforward, easy to evaluate, and about 100-fold as sensitive as radial immunodiffusion. The amount of protein in each sample is usually proportional to the distance from the upper gel surface to the front of each immunoprecipitate. The increased sensitivity allows study of many hitherto unexamined antigens. PMID- 7042120 TI - Clinical applications of protein determinations in biological fluids other than blood. AB - Over the past decade, significant improvements in immunochemical and electrophoretic techniques have enabled collection of heretofore unavailable data on proteins in biological fluids, greatly increasing our understanding of protein physiology in the various body compartments and providing the foundation for clinical use of protein analysis in body fluids. The most striking advance has been in the diagnosis of demyelinating disease through the use of serum/cerebrospinal fluid protein ratios and the morphological evaluation of immunoglobulin banding patterns. These laboratory tests are now considered obligatory for any patient in whom demyelinating disease is suspected as the cause of neurological dysfunction. Cerebrospinal fluid protein data can also be helpful in quantitating the permeability of the blood/cerebrospinal fluid barrier in many inflammatory or infectious central nervous system disorders. Assays of individual proteins in urine can help distinguish between different types of proteinuria, and can give quantitative data on the selectivity of the glomerulus and the reabsorbing capacity of the tubules. The protein content of saliva, synovial fluid, and milk has also been well characterized, and is clinically applicable to a wide range of disorders. PMID- 7042121 TI - Homogeneous nonisotopic assay for phenytoin evaluated. AB - We evaluated a new homogeneous immunoprecipitation assay for phenytoin in human serum. No sample dilution or pretreatment is required. The new method is based on spectrophotometry of the inhibition by free phenytoin of the precipitating reaction between anti-phenytoin antibody and a phenytoin-human serum albumin conjugate. A serum test sample is simultaneously mixed with the phenytoin-albumin conjugate and rabbit antiserum to phenytoin in a centrifugal analyzer, and the subsequent reaction is monitored at 3 min. Within-run and between-run coefficients of variation were well below 7%. The relation between results for patients' test sample as determined by immunoprecipitation assay (y) and an enzyme immunoassay (x) can be expressed as y = 1.10x + 1.1 (r = 0.966, n = 66). PMID- 7042122 TI - Thermal-ionization isotope-dilution mass spectrometry as a definitive method for determination of potassium in serum. AB - Thermal-ionization isotope-dilution mass spectrometry is a highly precise and accurate method for the determination of potassium concentrations in serum. Although not suited for routine use because of the time and expense required, the technique provides an extremely valuable tool for the characterization of reference materials and for evaluating other analytical methods. The technique has recently been used to determine the concentration of potassium in a human serum standard, NBS Standard Reference Material 909. Seven vials of the serum were chemically processed and then analyzed by two spectroscopists independently, using different mass spectrometers. The results confirm previous work that indicates that a precision of 0.1% relative can be routinely achieved. The systematic errors in the method have been thoroughly evaluated. When the precise results are thus corrected, they are essentially bias free and hence definitive. PMID- 7042123 TI - Homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for tobramycin evaluated and compared with a radioimmunoassay. AB - We evaluated a commercially available homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (EMIT, Syva Co.) for tobramycin against a reference radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. Between assay precision (CV) was 2.9% at 6.2 mg/L and 3.0% for values in the range of 1.0 7.6 mg/L. Accuracy based on a recovery experiment (1.0-13.0 mg/L) yielded an analytical recovery of 88-112%. A correlation study with 75 sera from patients on tobramycin therapy showed that EMIT = 0.984 RIA - 0.0808, r = 0.993. Neither the EMIT nor the RIA procedure was affected by the presence of gentamicin, amikacin, and vancomycin. Absorbance data from the EMIT system calculated with the conventional RIA logit-log algorithm correlate well with results generated by the Syva data-handling system (logit-log = 1.077 Syva - 0.318, r = 0.998). A reagent stability study indicated that the EMIT reagents, once reconstituted, remain stable for at least 17 days when stored at refrigerated temperatures, or 11 days if stored at room temperature, thus enabling frequent "stat" assays without the need to prepare a calibration curve each time. PMID- 7042124 TI - Improved immunofixation for detection of complement 3 conversion. PMID- 7042125 TI - Effect of macro creatine kinase BB on results of different creatine kinase isoenzyme methods. PMID- 7042126 TI - Use of topical benzydamine in gynecology. AB - To evaluate the topical anti-inflammatory activity of benzydamine when used as 0.1% solution for vaginal douche, a double blind, parallel group, randomized clinical trial was carried out on 30 patients with vaginitis following internal radiotherapy for carcinoma of the uterus. The patients were divided into 3 groups, one being treated with 0.1% benzydamine plus tricetol as preservative, one with 0.1% benzydamine alone, and one with placebo. Treatment began 12-24 hours after radiotherapy. Benzydamine was found to be significantly superior to placebo in its overall topical anti-inflammatory activity both after 5 and 15 days of treatment. Tricetol did not interfere with the therapeutic effect of benzydamine. PMID- 7042127 TI - Colposcopy and cytology in young women up to the age of 20: an analysis of 401 cases research for a new screening programme. AB - The Authors have observed by colposcopy and cytology, 401 patients under the age of 20 and have compared the results obtained with those of a similar control group with ages ranging from 20 to 25. They observed the incidence of normal cervix and of other colposcopic reports. From the comparison between the colposcopic and cytologic data emerged that the cytopathologic diagnosis does not put the cervical alterations of inferior level than dysplasia in evidence, in a large number cases as colposcopy does. There is a very close relation between the incidence of pathologic cervical lesions and sexual activity. Correlation between cervical pathology and use of hormonal contraceptives and presence of cervico vaginal phlogosis, was not possible in this type of survey. The Authors therefore propose a new type of mass screening, which should substitute the actual one, that is substantially based on cytology and on early diagnosis rather than prevention. PMID- 7042128 TI - Renal hypouricaemia in insulin treated diabetes mellitus. AB - Uric acid metabolism was investigated in 69 insulin-treated male diabetic outpatients and in 23 healthy male subjects, because of a reported coincidence between diabetes and gout. All subjects had normal serum creatinine concentrations and none received diuretic treatments. Compared with normal, the diabetics had significantly lower mean serum uric acid concentrations (0.34 +/- 0.08 (SD) mmol/l versus 0.23 +/- 0.06 mmol/l, p less than 0.001). 17% of the diabetic patients had serum concentrations below the normal mean--2 SD. In contrast, the diabetic patients had a 42% increase in renal uric acid excretion rate (p less than 0.01), and an 83% increase in the ratio of uric acid clearance/creatinine clearance (p less than 0.001). These indices of renal uric acid excretion were both positively correlated to fasting blood glucose levels (r=0.57, p less than 0.001, and r=0.50, p less than 0.001, respectively), to the degree of glycosuria (r=0.73, p less than 0.001, and r=0.63, p less than 0.001, respectively), and to the magnitude of water diuresis (r=0.60, p less than 0.001, and r=0.39, p less than 0.01, respectively). The hypouricaemia observed in these insulin-dependent diabetic male subjects may probably be caused by the increased renal excretion of uric acid in the presence of hyperglycaemia. The study gave no evidence of increased serum uric acid concentrations in insulin-dependent diabetics. It is therefore likely that any coincidence between gout and diabetes derives from other coexisting serum uric acid raising factors. PMID- 7042129 TI - Deterioration of renal bone disease in patients treated with salmon calcitonin. AB - Twelve patients with chronic renal failure and osteitis fibrosa were treated for periods of 1-9 months with thrice-weekly injections of 10-200 iu salmon calcitonin. Treatment had no significant effects on symptoms of bone disease and side effects were common. A transient fall in plasma alkaline phosphatase levels occurred in only three patients, and both plasma alkaline phosphatase and hydroxyproline levels rose in the majority of patients. Radiographic signs of hyperparathyroidism increased in seven of the nine patients treated for longer than 3 months. Paired bone biopsy specimens in nine patients showed significant increases in osteoblast counts, but no changes in the indices of resorption. These treatment-induced changes were reversed when treatment with 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 was substituted for calcitonin. The use of this regimen of salmon calcitonin is not recommended in the long-term management of hyperparathyroid bone disease in chronic renal failure. PMID- 7042131 TI - 24-hour profiles of melatonin, cortisol, insulin, C-peptide and GIP following a meal and subsequent fasting. AB - Melatonin, free and total cortisol, insulin, C-peptide and glucose-dependent insulin-releasing peptide (GIP) were measured in the plasma of twelve normal volunteers (eight women and four men), at hourly intervals for 24 h following a meal and subsequent fasting. One volunteer was excluded from calculations due to a possible effect of stress on melatonin secretion. Melatonin and cortisol showed the normal 24-h variation with peak values at 0200-0500 h, and 0900 h respectively. Following post-prandial stimulation, gut hormones remained basal throughout the sampling period. No significant relationship was found between 24 h melatonin secretion and basal, or stimulated gut hormone secretion. Melatonin secretion did relate significantly to body weight, suggesting that data concerning pineal effects in endocrine physiology and pathology, and affective disease, should be reviewed in the light of these observations. PMID- 7042130 TI - Aldosterone in sustained essential hypertension. AB - Plasma aldosterone (PA), plasma renin activity (PRA), extracellular fluid volume (EFV) and hepatic blood flow were measured in forty-four patients with sustained essential hypertension and compared with forty-two normotensive controls of same age and sex. All patient had inulin clearances within the normal range and balanced sodium intake and urinary output. In hypertensives, PA, PRA, EFV and hepatic blood flow were within normal ranges; the log-ratio PA:PRA was significantly elevated (P less than 0.001). In normotensives, a negative relationship was observed between PA and EFV (r=-0.55; P less than 0.001) while a positive relationship was observed between PA and PRA (=+0.70; P less than 0.001). In hypertensives, the two relationships were disrupted or less significant: for a given value of EFV, PA was more elevated in hypertensives than in normotensives; for a given value of PRA, PA was more evaluated in hypertensives than in normotensives. The results could not be explained on the basis of a disturbance in hepatic blood flow and/or in the metabolic clearance rate of aldosterone. The study provided evidence that, in patients with sustained essential hypertension and equilibrated sodium balance, there is an excess of plasma aldosterone relative to the levels of extracellular fluid volume and plasma renin activity. The excess of probably related to an abnormality in the adrenal secretion. PMID- 7042133 TI - [Studies on serum insulin measurement with enzyme immunoassay kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042132 TI - The role of vascular protein and renin in chronic two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertension. AB - Chronic hypertension was induced in rats by application of a clip for 17 or 20 weeks to the unilateral renal artery and leaving the contrarenal vessel intact (two-kidney one clip hypertension, 2K-1C hypertension). Some of the rats received antihypertensive treatment with phenoxybenzamine (POB). 3H-proline was injected into all rats in the 17th experimental week to observe the in vivo incorporation rates of 3H-proline into vascular non-collagenous protein and vascular collagen. Plasma renin activity (PRA) of decapitated rats was assayed in the terminal stage of the experiment. Significant differences were noted between 2K-1C hypertensive rats and sham-operated normotensive rats, the former rats having significantly higher incorporation rates of 3H-proline into non-collagenous protein (p less than 0.001) and collagen of testicular (p less than 0.05) or mesenteric artery (p less than 0.01). The 3H-proline incorporated into each fraction of vascular protein was reduced by antihypertensive treatment with POB either in sham operated rats (p less than 0.05) or 2K-1C rats (p less than 0.001), except for the aorta and heart. Positive correlations were noted between blood pressure and incorporated 3H-proline into non-collagenous protein of testicular arteries (r = 0.78, p less than 0.001) and mesenteric arteries (r = 0.90, p less than 0.001), in all animals. Similar positive correlations were also noted between blood pressure and tritiated collagen, to lesser extents, in testicular arteries (r = 0.67, p less than 0.001) and mesenteric arteries (r = 0.73, P less than 0.001). A rapid turnover of 3H-proline incorporated into non-collagenous protein was characteristically observed in the testicular arteries, mesenteric arteries and aorta of 2K-1C hypertensive rats 3 weeks after the proline injection. Though magnitude was low, the turnover of 3H-proline was also noted in each collagen fraction of the equivalent vessels of the same hypertensive rats. PRA of 2K-1C hypertensive rats was similar to that of sham-operated normotensive rats at the 20th week. Levels of PRA of the former or the latter rats treated with POB were 2.4-fold (p less than 0.001) or 2.5-fold (p less than 0.001) higher than those of non-medicated corresponding controls. These results indicate that (1) increased synthesis of vascular non-collagenous protein as well as collagen, especially of small arteries, plays a major role for the pathogenesis of chronic hypertension in 2K-1C rats, and (2) renin does not contribute to elevation of the blood pressure in the maintenance phase of this type of experimental hypertension. PMID- 7042134 TI - Photochemotherapy in psoriasis-clinical response and 8-MOP plasma concentrations at two dose levels. PMID- 7042135 TI - Bullous pemphigoid induced by frusemide. PMID- 7042136 TI - The enigma of chronic photosensitivity. PMID- 7042138 TI - Macrophage-lymphocyte interaction in response to a bacterial antigen (E. coli). AB - The interactions of human lymphocytes with autologous macrophages in response to a clinically relevant particulate bacterial antigen (E coli) have been investigated. Macrophages were required as accessory cells for the E coli induced activation of both T and B lymphocytes. Lymphocyte activation was assayed by determining the degree of proliferation (measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation). The proliferative response was dependent on the number of macrophages and on the amount of antigen in the culture. Macrophages briefly exposed to E. coli acquired the ability to stimulate unfractionated lymphocytes, T and B cells in the absence of free antigen. The in vitro kinetics of this reaction has been determined and analysed with respect to polyclonal B cell response and the antigen specific T cell response. PMID- 7042137 TI - Immunoglobulin class specific antibodies to M. leprae in leprosy patients, including the indeterminate group and healthy contacts as a step in the development of methods for sero-diagnosis of leprosy. AB - IgA, IgM and IgG anti-M. leprae antibody activity was quantitated by solid phase radioimmunoassay in groups of untreated leprosy patients throughout the spectrum, in lepromatous leprosy patients treated for more than 10 years, in an indeterminate leprosy group, and in a non-leprosy control group. IgA, IgM and IgG anti-M. leprae antibody activity increased from the group of healthy individuals exposed to M. leprae but without clinical signs of leprosy to tuberculoid (BT and BT/TT) and further to lepromatous (BL to LL) leprosy. There was a considerable overlap in IgA antibody activity, while the overlap between controls and tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy was less than 20% in the IgM and IgG assays. After more than 10 years of treatment, the IgG anti-M. leprae activity had decreased markedly, whereas there was less effect in the IgA assay and no significant change in the IgM assay. In contrast to earlier findings, the group of 'strictly indeterminate leprosy' showed signs of an active humoral immune response against M. leprae. The IgM anti-M. leprae activity was higher in indeterminate leprosy than in the control group with virtually no overlap. IgA anti-M. leprae was higher in indeterminate leprosy, but with considerable overlap with the controls. No difference between these two groups was found in the IgG assay. The results are discussed in relation to the value of the various immunoglobulin specific anti-M. leprae assays for different purposes, including development of techniques for sero-diagnosis of leprosy. PMID- 7042140 TI - Enhancement of in situ immune complex formation in isolated perfused kidneys in Heymann's nephritis. AB - A preparation of the putative antibody in HN (Heymann's nephritis) lacking preformed immune complexes, obtained from the acid eluates of kidneys with HN, purified through ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography, characterized by immunoelectrophoresis, sucrose density-gradient ultracentrifugation, 125I-Clq assay for immune complexes, and specific for the brush border of rat proximal renal tubule was injected intravenously, intra-arterially directly into the left and renal artery of a kidney with intact normal circulation, and into the isolated buffer-perfused kidney, respectively, in three groups of rats. Controls were injected with non-antibody IgG, and antibody absorbed with the specific antigen. Localization of antibody was studied by direct immunofluorescence. Prompt localization of antibody and formation of in situ immune complexes occurred in the isolated perfused kidney. No localization of antibody was seen following the intrarenal arterial injection in the unperfused kidney with intact circulation, and a delay of 5 days was noted for the localization to develop upon intravenous injection. These results show that, in the homologous antibody induced HN, the preparation of isolated perfused kidney considerably enhances the formation of in situ immune complexes in glomeruli as compared to the unperfused kidney with intact circulation in which the antibody is injected either directly into the renal artery or systemically through a peripheral vein. PMID- 7042139 TI - Role of the acute phase response in the Shwartzman phenomenon. AB - Following elicitation of the local Shwartzman reaction by intradermal injection of Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice, there was a marked acute phase response which was monitored by measuring the serum levels of serum amyloid P component (SAP) and C3. Prednisolone therapy had no effect on either the cutaneous lesion or the accompanying acute phase response. Also, in vivo complement depletion with cobra factor did not affect the lesion or the SAP response despite gross reduction in serum C3 levels. In contrast, administration of colchicine at the same time as LPS suppressed both the acute phase response and the Shwartzman reaction. Inhibition of the cutaneous reaction by colchicine was abrogated by injecting mice with casein, and unrelated acute phase stimulus, the day before challenge with LPS. These observations suggest that acute phase proteins may participate in pathogenesis of the Shwartzman phenomenon. PMID- 7042141 TI - Detection of monomeric and polymeric IgA containing immune complexes in serum and kidney from patients with alcoholic liver disease. AB - The purpose of this study was to characterize circulating IgA and the IgA deposited in the glomeruli of patients with alcoholic liver disease. In the 6 patients studied there was an increased proportion in monomeric IgA (3.5 fold) and IgA between 9-13S (8.94 fold), 13-17S (4.49 fold) and 17-21S (1.63 fold) fractions on 5-40% sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation at physiological pH. All fraction between 9.12S decreased at acid pH, however a 3.28 fold increase in fractions where polymeric IgA is expected to appear. IgG eluted at acid pH from autopsy kidney was studied by the same procedures. At pH 7.4 about 55% of that IgA have a molecular weight comprised between 9-12S, decreasing to around 25% at acid pH. The existence of true polymeric IgA in serum and kidney was based on the capacity of high molecular weight IgA to bind human secretory component. The amount of immune complexes with monomeric IgA were higher than those with polymeric IgA in serum as well as in kidney. However, the percentage of heavy IgA (probably polymeric IgA) in kidney were, in each patient, higher than those observed in serum. Our results show the presence of high amounts of monomeric and polymeric IgA, both partially as immune complexes, in serum and kidneys of patients with alcoholic liver disease and IgA glomerulonephritis. Furthermore, our data suggest a role for human liver in the clearance of serum IgA such as has been demonstrated in the some animal species, especially in rats. PMID- 7042142 TI - Serum antibodies and immunoglobulins in smokers and nonsmokers. AB - Antibodies to antigens in humidifier water were detected by double immunodiffusion in 30 of 63 (47.6%) persons who were exposed to aerosols from a water humidification unit in a cigar plant, whereas no antibodies could be detected in 49 unexposed blood donors (P less than 0.001). The presence of antibodies could not be related to fever or pulmonary symptoms (cough, expectoration, dyspnoe). Antibodies were found in 14 (93.3%) of 15 nonsmokers and in only 13 (31.7%) of 41 smokers (P less than 0.001), and the titres were highest in nonsmokers. Serum IgG and IgA levels were higher in nonsmokers than in smokers, and the variances within the groups were significantly different (F less than 0.05 and F less than 0.05, respectively). The mean serum IgM values were not significantly different in the two groups. Antibodies to Candida albicans and Escherichia coli 04 and 075 were detected with equal prevalences and titres in smokers and nonsmokers. These findings suggest that tobacco smoking may suppress the humoral immune response to inhaled antigens but not to antigens which are supposed to be absorbed through membranes other than those of the bronchopulmonary system. They may partly explain the reported increased incidence of allergic alveolitis in nonsmokers. PMID- 7042143 TI - E-rosette formation in B-cell lymphatic leukemias induced by binding activity of monoclonal surface immunoglobulins to sheep red blood cells. PMID- 7042145 TI - Familial hematuria; clinico-pathological correlations. AB - The findings are reported in 38 patients with familial hematuria. In 10 of the 24 families investigated, a familial incidence of hematuria was revealed only by routine urinalysis in first-degree relatives. Where there was either neurosensory deafness of heavy proteinuria in the patient or family, or a history of chronic renal failure in the family, the patient generally ran a progressive clinical course. Light microscopy (LM) of renal biopsy specimens revealed little abnormality in young children, but segmental glomerular sclerosis was frequently observed in older patients. The most characteristic change, observed on electron microscopy (EM) in 27 out of 31 renal biopsies was complex replication of the lamina densa of the capillary basement membrane, to form a "basket weave" pattern. Families with and without deafness (groups 1 and 2) were both considered to fall within the spectrum of Alport's syndrome, although the presence of deafness adversely affected the prognosis. In contrast, patients from families showing neither deafness, heavy proteinuria nor chronic renal failure (group 3) ran a non-progressive course. Their biopsies showed little or no glomerular changes other than attenuation of the lamina densa on EM. In Alport's syndrome, deafness, heavy proteinuria, segmental sclerosis and foam cells were not often present before the age of 10 years, whereas the "basket weave" alteration of the lamina densa was found in all three children biopsied under 5 years of age. We therefore emphasize the importance of EM in the differential diagnosis from benign familial hematuria. PMID- 7042144 TI - Lymphoproliferation following antigenic stimulation in severe combined immunodeficiency disease. PMID- 7042146 TI - Abnormalities in the composition of serum high density lipoprotein in renal transplant recipients. AB - Levels of HDL-cholesterol, HDL-triglyceride and apolipoprotein A were determined in the sera of 26 female and 44 male renal transplant recipients. In comparison with controls, no significant abnormalities in HDL-cholesterol values could be found, but apolipoprotein A and HDL-triglyceride concentrations, were increased significantly. The increased apolipoprotein A/HDL-cholesterol ratio and the decreased apolipoprotein A/HDL-triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol/HDL-triglyceride ratios in these patients demonstrate abnormalities in HDL-composition. These results permit the conclusion that, in renal transplant recipients, the levels of HDL-cholesterol and particularly the changes in HDL-composition should be taken into account when considering the reason for the high incidence of cardiovascular disease in these patients. PMID- 7042147 TI - Localized Plasmacytomas. PMID- 7042149 TI - Plasma cell neoplasms and acute leukaemia. PMID- 7042148 TI - Amyloidosis. PMID- 7042150 TI - Staging and kinetics of multiple myeloma. PMID- 7042151 TI - Immunoregulatory circuits in myeloma. PMID- 7042153 TI - Definition, prevalence and prevention of iron deficiency. PMID- 7042152 TI - Disorders of iron metabolism. Diagnostic methods. PMID- 7042154 TI - Treatment of iron deficiency. PMID- 7042155 TI - Iron deficiency in infancy and childhood. PMID- 7042156 TI - Non-haematological effects of iron deficiency. PMID- 7042157 TI - Iron deficiency in the tropics. PMID- 7042158 TI - Sideroblastic anaemia. PMID- 7042159 TI - Hereditary haemochromatosis. PMID- 7042161 TI - Anterior lumbar interbody fusion: indications for its use and notes on surgical technique. AB - A technique using dowel cutting instruments for anterior lumbar interbody fusion operations is recommended for the treatment of other failed spinal operations; certain disc lesions; in the management of selected cases of spondylolisthesis; certain spinal infections; following some vertebral fractures; correction of selected spinal deformities and in the treatment of rare miscellaneous cases, e.g., vertebral body tumors and nucleus pulposus calcification. Extra peritoneal approaches to the lumbar vertebral column are recommended. Dowel cavities are cut to predetermined depths with specially designed cutters of appropriate size. The greater bulk of disc tissues and vertebral end plate cartilages are then removed using ring curettes and pituitary rongeurs. Autogenous grafts are cut from the iliac crest using a cutter one size larger than that used to prepare the intervertebral dowel cavities. With the depths of the dowel cavities having been checked with a depth gauge, the grafts are duly impacted after careful retraction of all adjacent structures away from the cavities. PMID- 7042160 TI - Transfusion haemosiderosis and chelation therapy. PMID- 7042162 TI - Surgical treatment after chemonucleolysis failure. PMID- 7042163 TI - The results of early clinical trials with a microporus coated metal hip prosthesis. AB - In an attempt to find a better method of attaching a prosthesis to bone, a microporous coating system, with a pore width of approximately 50 microns was chosen for evaluation. A microporous coated Austin-Moore type prosthesis was inserted into 34 patients, and the results were studied for a three-year period. Four cases required reoperations, and ten cases demonstrated radiolucent lines around the prosthesis suggesting that bone ingrowth had not occurred. This article analyzes the reasons for failure of ingrowth and suggests modifications in the prosthesis design and postoperative management that hopefully will be effective. PMID- 7042164 TI - Renal transplant infarction during total hip arthroplasty. PMID- 7042165 TI - A tribute to Harold B. Boyd. PMID- 7042166 TI - Harold Buhalts Boyd 1904-1981. PMID- 7042167 TI - The classics: orthopaedic philosophy by Harold B. Boyd, m.d. PMID- 7042168 TI - Fat embolism syndrome: a review of the pathophysiology and physiological basis of treatment. PMID- 7042169 TI - An improved technique for inhalation imaging. AB - Because of several limitations associated with conventional ventilation scintigraphy using radioactive gases, an alternative method appears desirable. This paper describes in detail, an inhalation technique that employs heated, nebulized Tc-99m DTPA aerosol delivered from a compact, shielded unit. The technique described has proved satisfactory and superior to ventilation scintigraphy using radioactive gases. PMID- 7042170 TI - Defective oxidation of drugs: pharmacokinetic and therapeutic implications. PMID- 7042171 TI - Drug interactions with cimetidine. PMID- 7042172 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics and potentially important drug interactions of sulphinpyrazone. PMID- 7042174 TI - A vasodilator that avoids renin stimulation and fluid retention: antihypertensive treatment with trimazosin. AB - Trimazosin was given for periods of at least 6 mo to 25 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. In doses of 300 to 900 mg dialy trimazosin alone led to blood pressure control (supine diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg with a fall of at least 10 mm Hg) in 16 patients (64%). Despite the decrements in blood pressure there were no changes in body weight or creatinine clearance. There was also no changes in plasma renin activity or urinary aldosterone excretion rate. Although patients with high control renin values appeared to have greater blood pressure decreases than those with low renin values, responsiveness to treatment was not associated with consistent effects of trimazosin on the renin-angiotensin system. Trimazosin induced a small decrease in plasma total cholesterol concentration. In seven patients whose blood pressures were not controlled by trimazosin alone, the addition of polythiazide led to decreased blood pressure and in five control of pressure was achieved. Thus, trimazosin is an effective antihypertensive when given by itself or in combination with a diuretic. Its mechanism of action has not been established, but its ability to induce vasodilation without concomitant sodium retention or stimulation of the renin axis may be an important factor in its effectiveness. PMID- 7042177 TI - Oral mebeverine in barium enema preparation. AB - A double blind controlled trial to determine the effect of mebeverine (Colofac) pre-medication on the incidence of spasm, pain and discomfort during examination of the colon by double contrast barium enema was carried out. There was a significant reduction in spasm on fluoroscopy and reported pain and discomfort in the mebeverine group. The number of segments of spasm on the radiographs was not significantly reduced. PMID- 7042176 TI - Extrapulmonary effects of terbutaline during prolonged administration. AB - Hand tremor, heart rate, and electrolyte, plasma (pl) insulin, blood (bl) glucose, and pl terbutaline levels were measured in 11 healthy men during infusion and oral administration of terbutaline. Infusion of terbutaline (250 micrograms) was followed by increases in pl insulin concentration and bl glucose and by a decrease in pl K. Similar metabolic changes were seen on day 1 of oral terbutaline (5 mg x 3). Heart rate was moderately increased by terbutaline over the entire period (13 days) or oral dosing. Hand tremor always increased after terbutaline, but to a lesser degree on days 4 and 13 than after the first oral dose. On day 13 there was a very small increase in pl insulin and no reduction in pl K; bl glucose increased slightly from an elevated basal level. Pl terbutaline was of similar maximum concentrations on days 1 and 13, indicating that the tolerance was mediated through reduced response of the effector organs. PMID- 7042175 TI - Antihypertensive and renal effects of captopril in relation to renin activity and bradykinin-induced vasodilation. AB - The effect of captopril on blood pressure and renal hemodynamics in relation to plasma renin activity (PRA) was assessed together with the vasodilator responses to brachial artery infusions of bradykinin (BK) and sodium nitroprusside (NP) before and after 4 wk of therapy with doses of up to 450 mg/day in patients with essential hypertension. The average blood pressure reduction of captopril was from 174.4/110.6 to 155.3/96.6 mm Hg (n = 12, P less than 0.001) without increases in heart rate or body weight. It was effective in the eight patients with normal renin, but showed little effect in the four with a low renin. There was a correlation between the changes in blood pressure after captopril and the pretreatment PRA (r = -0.82, P less than 0.01 for mean pressure). Brachial artery infusions of BK and NP induced dose-dependent rises in forearm blood flow (FBF), but this was not related to the captopril blood pressure-lowering effect. Repeat measurements during captopril therapy showed a shift to the left of the BK/FBF, but not of the NP/FBF, dose-response curve, indicating effective vascular kininase II inhibition. Captopril decreased renal vascular resistance. Our data are compatible with the view that captopril's antihypertensive action mainly involves blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and not cumulation of BK. The favorable effects on renal hemodynamics and the lack of tachycardia and volume retention after captopril make it a valuable drug for the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7042178 TI - Metrizamide as contrast medium in endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography. AB - Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) has been performed in 17 patients using metrizamide (Amipaque) as contrast medium, and in 33 using meglumine diatrizoate (Urografin). The quality of pancreatograms obtained has been compared, using a specially developed scoring system, an any clinical and biochemical evidence of (acute) pancreatitis following ERCP observed. The mean pancreatogram score was slightly higher when Amipaque was used but there was no difference in the frequency or extent of hyperamylasaemia between the two groups. The slight advantage of Amipaque is not sufficient to overcome the disadvantages of its relatively high cost and inconvenience in use. PMID- 7042179 TI - The role of pre-operative adjuvant therapy in the management of borderline operability rectal cancer. AB - One hundred and forty-three patients with potentially operable primary rectal cancer (of stage T2, T3 and T4), were allocated to one of three regimens of therapy, i.e. surgery only (S), pre-operative radiotherapy followed by surgery (R), or pre-operative radiotherapy combined with daily intravenous fluorouracil during the first 4 days of irradiation followed by surgery (C). The adjuvant therapy was well tolerated. It had no adverse effects on surgical procedures or morbidity. There was improvement in the resectability rate C greater than R greater than S, and reduction in the incidence of Duke's C category in the surgical specimens C less than R less than S. Five-year follow-up analysis showed marked differences in the local control rates, and a reduced incidence of liver metastases in group C. There was no significant difference in survival overall between the three treatment groups, but when patients with T3 and T4 tumours were analysed separately there was a statistically significant improvement 5-year survival in group C (P less than 0.01) when compared to group S, while group R gave a marginally significant result when compared to group S (P=0.05). PMID- 7042180 TI - Insulin biosynthesis and its regulation. PMID- 7042181 TI - Non-pancreatic hydrolysis of N-benzoyl-l-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA peptide) in the human small intestine. AB - 1. Hydrolysis of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA-peptide) has been measured in soluble and particulate fractions of human small intestinal mucosa. 2. Both soluble and particulate fractions contained enzymic activity capable of splitting the PABA-peptide. In the particulate fractions this activity increased threefold towards the distal small intestine. 3. Neither soluble nor particulate activity was inhibited by the chymotrypsin inhibitor 1-chloro-4-phenyl-3-L toluene-p-sulphonamidobutan-2-one (TPCK). 4. Column chromatography on Sephacryl S 300 resolved a peak of PABA-peptide hydrolase activity that was clearly distinct from other known brush-border peptide hydrolases and from added chymotrypsin standard. 5. This PABA-peptide hydrolase thus represents a distinct intestinal enzyme, possibly bound to the brush-border membrane, which could account for the residual urinary PABA recovery observed in patients and animal models with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. PMID- 7042173 TI - Pharmacokinetic interactions with antiepileptic drugs. AB - A large number of pharmacokinetic interactions with antiepileptic drugs have been reported in recent years. Among the interactions affecting the disposition of anticonvulsants, the most important are probably those resulting in inhibition of the metabolism of phenytoin, phenobarbitone and carbamazepine. Drugs which have been shown to inhibit the metabolism of these anticonvulsants and to precipitate clinical signs of intoxication in epileptic patients include sulthiame, valproic acid, chloramphenicol, certain sulphonamides, phenylbutazone, isoniazid and propoxyphene. Interactions affecting the plasma protein binding of antiepileptic drugs are less likely to cause long-lasting alterations in response, but they are important because they change the relationship between serum drug concentrations and clinical effect. Anticonvulsant agents may induce important alterations in the pharmacokinetics of other drugs. Phenytoin and phenobarbitone may decrease the gastrointestinal absorption of frusemide and griseofulvin, respectively. Many of the drugs used in the treatment of the adult epilepsies, including phenytoin, phenobarbitone, primidone and carbamazepine, are potent inducers of the hepatic microsomal enzymes. This results in an increased rate of metabolism and decreased clinical efficacy of a number of drugs, including dicoumarol, steroid oral contraceptives, metyrapone, glucocorticoid agents, doxycycline, quinidine and vitamin D. PMID- 7042182 TI - Inhibitory effect of captopril on adrenergic vasoconstriction. PMID- 7042183 TI - Glucocorticoids in the treatment of shock and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7042184 TI - Complications associated with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - The adult respiratory distress syndrome is frequently fatal. Attempts to decrease mortality must include attention to pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications of this syndrome. Pulmonary complications include pulmonary emboli, barotrauma, fibrosis, and pneumonia. Mechanical ventilation, Swan-Ganz catheters, and tracheal intubation also result in pulmonary complications. Extrapulmonary complications such as gastrointestinal hemorrhage, renal failure, infection, and thrombocytopenia may increase mortality. The incidence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage can be reduced with prophylactic antacids. Likewise, the incidence of pulmonary emboli can be reduced with low dose heparin. Careful attention to patients' urine output, fluid, and electrolyte status as well as vigorous cardiovascular support are also essential to decrease renal complications. Early diagnosis, aggressive treatment, and prophylaxis of complications should increase survival. PMID- 7042185 TI - Hemodynamic monitoring in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Because of the derangements in pulmonary function in the patient with adult respiratory distress syndrome and alterations in cardiac pulmonary function during therapy, hemodynamic monitoring can provide important diagnostic and therapeutic information. Early differentiation between cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema can be facilitated. The response to therapy can be monitored so that cardiopulmonary function can be optimized. Although some interrelationships in this response to therapy have not been fully elucidated, more intelligent therapeutic approaches can be individualized for each patient. PMID- 7042186 TI - Causes of the adult respiratory distress syndrome--clinical recognition. PMID- 7042187 TI - Gas exchange in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - The hypoxemia of ARDS may result from numerous and varied stresses to the system responsible for gas exchange in the lung. These may be both pulmonary and non pulmonary in origin. A thorough understanding of all the factors involved is necessary to correctly interpret and treat these complex and critically ill patients. PMID- 7042190 TI - Expressing qualitative biomedical knowledge exactly using the language LESK. AB - A language (LESK) is described which allows one to make mainly qualitative declarations of the essential terminology and facts in some technical subject. LESK is essentially first order predicate calculus, made to look like natural language. A LESK system, now partially implemented in PROLOG, allows one to enter declarations and assertions, check consistency, and deductively answer predominately generic, universally quantified questions. An extensive example is presented in which LESK is used to describe neurophysiological knowledge about the stretch reflex. PMID- 7042188 TI - Positive-pressure ventilation in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7042191 TI - The foundation for removable partial dentures. Part II. The adjacent structures. PMID- 7042189 TI - Radiologic considerations in the adult respiratory distress syndrome treated wih positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). AB - Radiographic changes with ARDS are similar to alveolar pulmonary edema in the typical case, although early changes may also be nodular in a small number of cases. These may last about 4 days. Following early alveolar changes the later ARDS findings evolve into a diffuse interstitial pattern, and if the patient survives without complications, the chest x-ray may eventually clear completely. PEEP therapy may cause no x-ray changes or may manifest an apparent hyperinflation appearance to the chest x-ray. PEEP may result in barotrauma changes to the lungs manifested by vesicular rarefactions, lucent lines streaking toward the hilus, radiolucent halos around vessels, pneumatocele formation, and subpleural emphysema manifested by blebs or lucent lines on the chest x-ray. Barotrauma pulmonary changes preceded more serious complications such as pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema and extrathoracic gas collection. PMID- 7042192 TI - Health planning of the Reagan administration. PMID- 7042193 TI - Federal health legislation in review: 1981. American Medical Association. PMID- 7042194 TI - Physician fees under medicare: How they are established. AMA Council on Medical Service. PMID- 7042195 TI - Sequelae of vasectomy. PMID- 7042196 TI - XIIIth Conrad Berens memorial lecture corneal contact lenses in perspective 1948 1981. PMID- 7042197 TI - Hemoperfusion in 1981. AB - The present status of hemoperfusion using the principle of artificial cells is described in detail using coated charcoal hemoperfusion as an example. The laboratory and clinical results show that in 1981 increasing numbers of new commercial models are approaching the efficiency and blood compatibility of the ACAC laboratory system. The results of hemoperfusion for uremia, acute intoxication and hepatic coma are analyzed. Other approaches are briefly discussed. PMID- 7042198 TI - Reflections on the role of carbon haemoadsorption in therapeutic medicine. AB - The selection of Norit RBX-1-activated carbon granules for blood detoxification by haemoadsorption is outlined. Synthetic polymer membranes have been coated on to this carbon by a specially developed process and perfusion devices prepared from these materials have been evaluated in animal models of acute poisoning and liver failure. Clinical application of carbon haemoadsorption has been explored in acute poisoning, liver failure and uraemia. The experience to date would suggest that carbon will have to be augmented by other adsorbent species before life support systems based principally on haemoadsorption become a reality especially in the treatment of uraemia and in liver failure. A secondary role as a temporary adjunct to dialysis has been established for carbon haemoperfusion in the treatment of uraemic pericarditis and is under further investigation in the treatment of pruritus, pigmentation and neuropathy. PMID- 7042199 TI - EMG-force relationships in skeletal muscle. AB - This article reviews the history of attempts to define in quantitative terms the relationship between a processed electromyographic signal and the corresponding force produced by skeletal muscle. Numerous reports have indicated a linear relationship between isometric force and rectified, integrated EMG. These reports, the nature of their experiments, and the disagreements among them are reviewed. Particular attention is given to the effects of the signal processing in the final results, including type and location of electrodes, amplification, signal isolation, etc. The effect of joint position and level of muscular effort in the isometric case are discussed. Various proposed mathematical models of the force-EMG relationship are presented and analyzed. The concluding section of the paper summarizes the current areas of agreement and disagreement and comments on the feasibility of obtaining force-EMG relation in the presence of movement. PMID- 7042201 TI - Prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. AB - Because approximately 20% of patients receiving mechanical ventilation have upper gastrointestinal bleeding, these patients were prophylatically treated with either antacids, cimetidine, or a placebo in a double-blind randomized fashion. The authors did not titrate gastric acidity because it is a time-consuming process that requires a nasogastric tube. When gastrointestinal bleeding developed in 9 of the 36 patients entered in the study, the treatment code was broken to assess the efficacy of prophylaxis and the frequency of complications. In the antacid group, 5 of the 11 patients were unable to ingest and tolerate their antacids (p less than 0.05 when compared to the control and cimetidine groups). Gastrointestinal bleeding did not occur in any of the six subjects receiving antacids but did occur in one of the 11 subjects receiving cimetidine, in 5 of the 14 control patients, and in 3 of the 5 patients who were unable to tolerate antacids. These differences were not significant. When groups were rearranged, though, there was a significant difference between them. Only 1 of 17 patients receiving medication (antacids or cimetidine) bled, whereas 8 of 19 patients receiving no medications bled (p less than 0.01). The average number of risk factors was not significantly different in the treatment groups. The authors conclude that prophylactic therapy (cimetidine or antacids) given without titration is associated with a lower frequency of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage than when no medication is given. The authors also conclude that more subjects are able to tolerate cimetidine than antacids. PMID- 7042202 TI - A simple method for measuring the effect of PEEP on functional residual capacity during mechanical ventilation. AB - An indirect method for measuring the increment of functional residual capacity (FRC) produced by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during controlled mechanical ventilation was evaluated in 13 patients with acute respiratory failure. The actual FRC with and without PEEP was measured with a computerized nitrogen washout method. The results obtained did not show significant differences between the measured and the calculated increment of FRC. This indirect method accurately measures how much alveolar recruitment (estimated as increment of FRC) is produced by PEEP. PMID- 7042200 TI - A systems-oriented evaluation of the role of joint receptors and other afferents in position and motion sense. AB - Position and motion sense have been considered to be primarily mediated by receptors in the joints until recently. New evidence indicates that muscle receptors and cutaneous receptors may also be critically involved. Some investigators even rule out a role for joint receptors in position and motion sense. In addition to the changing viewpoint concerning receptors, there has been a change in the view concerning the pathways of central projection of joint afferent information. Until recently, the last 10 years, the dorsal column lemniscal system was assigned the major if not exclusive role in mediating proprioceptive information. This idea has now been revised as well. This review will cover historical and recent research results, with an emphasis on recent results. The newer findings especially the reintroduction of a sensory role for muscle spindles and a diminished role for joint receptors, are closely examined. The problem is approached from a systems analysis conceptualization. A number of quantitative results and aspects of the problem that have not been considered in the studies that have been published are included. The recent trend has been to strongly advance the case for muscle receptors, while retreating from joint receptors as mediators of kinesthetic sensation. This review focuses upon the issue of how joint receptors or other afferent information might be handled by the nervous system acting as a processor of dynamic signals. The modification imposed upon the signals as they ascend the neuraxis and the types of information that might be used by higher centers (velocity, position, acceleration, torque, force) are emphasized. The adequacy of the candidate receptors for this use is examined. The idea of position and motion sense and the way in which the sensations are defined and tested is covered. PMID- 7042203 TI - Cardiac performance in response to PEEP in patients with cardiac dysfunction. AB - The effect of PEEP on cardiac performance was evaluated in 21 patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Twenty-three data sets were divided into three groups according to pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP). In three of four group A data sets (PAWP = 12 mm Hg), cardiac output (CO) decreased when PEEP was added. In four of six group B data sets (PAWP = 14-18 mm Hg) and in 12 of 13 group C data sets (PAWP less than or equal to 19 mm Hg), CO increased with addition of PEEP. In group C, the mean increase in CO was 500 ml/min, and the mean level of best PEEP was 3.9 cm H2O. When PAWP exceeded 18 mm Hg, PEEP was safe and in many instances augmented CO. PMID- 7042204 TI - Mean airway pressure: theoretical considerations. AB - Several recent articles have suggested the use of mean airway pressure (Paw) as an index of the physiological effect of ventilating pressures. To facilitate the understanding of this parameter, operational formulas are derived by applying the explicit, mathematical definition of Paw to several clinically relevant pressure waveforms. These formulas are then generalized to apply to any wave shape. It is shown that any pressure waveform can be characterized by a waveform constant K, knowledge of which permits the estimation of Paw using information from either airway pressure recordings or the control settings and pressure gauges on conventional ventilators. PMID- 7042205 TI - Clinical trial of an algorithm for outcome prediction in acute circulatory failure. AB - The authors evaluated prospectively an index for outcome prediction previously developed retrospectively from the cardiorespiratory data of a series of 113 critically ill postoperative general surgical patients. A predictive score generated by nonparametric multivariate analysis of the observed value for each cardiorespiratory variable and the frequency distributions of survivors' and nonsurvivors' values of that variable at each stage of postoperative shock. An overall global predictive index was then generated from the sum of the weighted predictive scores in each variable. This predictive index was tested prospectively in a new series of 156 operations and was found to be 94% accurate for the values of the last available data set, suggesting that the method satisfactorily predicts outcome. This index may be used as an objective measure of the severity of illness; i.e., it may be used to track the clinical course of postoperative general surgical patients during periods of critical illness. It was concluded that the predictive index aids in evaluation of monitored cardiorespiratory variables, improves interpretation of physiologic alternation, and facilitates clinical decision-making of critically ill patients at the bedside. PMID- 7042206 TI - Clinical trial of survivors' cardiorespiratory patterns as therapeutic goals in critically ill postoperative patients. AB - The hypothesis was tested that the median values of survivors of life-threatening postoperative conditions, rather than the norms of unstressed healthy volunteers, are the appropriate therapeutic goals for critically ill postoperative patients. The authors studied prospectively a series of 100 consecutive critically ill postoperative patients; normal values were used as the therapeutic goals of the control patients, while the median values of survivors were used as the goals of therapy for the protocol group. The age, sex, primary illness, surgical operation, lowest mean arterial pressure (MAP), time in hypotension incidence of severe hypotension (MAP greater than 50 mm Hg), and presence of associated severe medical illnesses (defined by predetermined criteria) were comparable in the control and protocol groups; i.e., clinical conditions of the protocol group were at least as severe as those of the control group. The mortality was significantly less in the protocol group (13%) than in the control group (48%); the number of life-threatening complications were also greater in the control group. These data suggest that the cardiorespiratory pattern of survivors are the appropriate goals of therapy for critically ill patients. PMID- 7042207 TI - Endogenous and exogenous catecholamines in critical care medicine. PMID- 7042208 TI - Evaluation of orbital and eye lesions by radiographic examination, ultrasound, and computerized tomography. AB - This article examines three imaging procedures for the evaluation of orbital and eye lesions. In the radiographic section we discuss the normal anatomy, the projections to show the anatomy, and the interpretation of bone changes caused by benign and malignant lesions. In the next section we describe the equipment employed in the ultrasonic evaluation of the eye and orbit and the principles applied in the diagnosis of lesions of the eye and orbit by ultrasound. We introduce the CT section by explaining the methodology of computerized tomography of the orbit. The criteria for evaluating lesions of the eye and orbit are presented with appropriate cases for illustration. The discussion and summary detail the relative merit of these imaging procedures ad their usefulness in the diagnosis work-up of pathological conditions of the eye and orbit. PMID- 7042209 TI - Sublethal concentrations of antibiotics, effects on bacteria and the immune system. AB - Biological specimens obtained from patients with infections that are treated with antibiotics at dosages that resulted in body fluid concentrations below those that are minimally inhibitory, exhibit abnormal forms of bacteria. Identical morphological changes can be induced in vitro when the parental normal forms of the bacteria. Identical morphological changes can be induced in vitro when the parental normal forms of the bacteria are exposed to subminimal concentrations of certain antibiotics. The phenomenon of induced abnormal morphology and ultrastructure has received consideration in terms of: (1) the relationship of the induced alterations of the specific bacterial species to the given antibiotic, (2) in vitro conditions required for antibiotic induced alterations, (3) the mechanisms of action; (4) immune responses to the abnormal forms, and (5) relationship between abnormal structure and the inhibition of bacterial replication. This review provides the reader with a description and the significance of current research in the above areas which together comprise the growing field of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. PMID- 7042211 TI - Power plant chlorination effects on estuarine and marine organisms. PMID- 7042210 TI - The immunology of mycobacterial infections. AB - Mycobacteria are endowed with substances that profoundly affect the immune system. Leprosy and tuberculosis exemplify broad spectra of useful and detrimental immune responses of mycobacterial infections that range from intense potentiation to severe specific adn nonspecific suppression of humoral and cellular immune elements. The cellular hypersensitivity induced by mycobacteria serves as a classical model for the analysis of specific and nonspecific immune mechanisms. Mycobacterial disease are prevalent worldwide and rank among the most important bacterial diseases. The kaleidoscope of immunologic events induced by injected mycobacteria and during infections will be reviewed from the standpoint of pathogenesis, pathology, in vitro and in vivo effects on cellular and humoral arms of the immune response, diagnosis, classification, potentiation and suppression. PMID- 7042212 TI - Tumors in control hamsters, rats, and mice: literature tabulation. PMID- 7042214 TI - Drug corner: capoten (Captopril). PMID- 7042215 TI - Breathing space. Endotracheal tube cuffs: pressure is the answer. PMID- 7042213 TI - Nursing care of patients on high frequency jet ventilation. PMID- 7042216 TI - Manual resuscitation bags: uses, features, and troubleshooting. PMID- 7042217 TI - Fibronectin appears at the site of corneal stromal wound in rabbits. AB - Fibronectin (FN) is present both in plasma and in extracellular matrix, and is postulated to be involved in wound healing. The appearance of FN was investigated in the wounded rabbit cornea after corneal stroma was injured with a sharp knife or after lamellar keratoplasty was performed. An indirect immunofluorescence technique was employed to detect the presence of FN. Normal, unwounded rabbit cornea showed an intensive fluorescence at Descemet's membrane. Strong specific fluorescence was observed at the edge of a stromal wound and beneath the sliding epithelial cells after non-perforating incisions. These could be detected as early as 3 hours after injury. The fluorescence became the strongest at 6 hours, and and then gradually decreased in its intensity, disappearing by about 7 days when epithelial cells entirely filled the stromal wound. In case of lamellar keratoplasty, FN was detected at the interface of the graft and the recipient cornea. These results suggest that FN plays an important role in the stromal wound healing. PMID- 7042218 TI - New concepts in atherosclerosis as it applies to adolescents. PMID- 7042219 TI - Nutrition and the neuroendocrinology of puberty. PMID- 7042220 TI - Dietary practices of adolescents. PMID- 7042221 TI - Nutrition in the pregnant adolescent. PMID- 7042222 TI - Iron deficiency in adolescents. PMID- 7042223 TI - Nutritional role of zinc and effects of deficiency. PMID- 7042224 TI - Autotransfusion and blood conservation. PMID- 7042225 TI - Use of a bronchoscopic protected catheter brush for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections. AB - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy using a protected brush catheter was done in 65 patients with suspected pulmonary infections to obtain uncontaminated specimens for culture. Quantitative aerobic and anaerobic cultures were done on each specimen. Forty-one patients had pneumonia. Ten bacteremic patients had the same organisms recovered from the catheter and blood cultures. Seven patients had received antibiotics before the procedure, and cultures grew no organisms in high concentration. In 23 of 24 remaining patients probable pathogens were recovered in high concentrations, and specific therapy resulted in clinical improvement in all of these patients. Five patients with lung abscesses and seven with necrotizing pneumonia had mixed aerobic and anaerobic organisms recovered. Twelve patients had final diagnoses of nonbacterial lung disease, and cultures were negative or revealed low concentrations of organisms. Quantitative cultures were necessary in distinguishing pathogens from nonpathogens. There were no complications. The results of this study indicate that fiberoptic bronchoscopy using a special protected catheter is an accurate and safe technique for identification of etiologic agents in lower respiratory tract infections. PMID- 7042226 TI - The effect of erythromycin on theophylline pharmacokinetics at steady state. AB - We compared steady-state theophylline pharmacokinetics in 13 healthy adults before and immediately after erythromycin therapy. All subjects received a five day course of oral aminophylline 3 mg/kg every six hours prior to and during a five-day course of oral erythromycin stearate (1 g daily). Each subject acted as his own control. Multiple serum samples were collected over ten hours following the last dose of aminophylline during both the control and experimental phases of the study. Erythromycin did not significantly affect theophylline clearance (P greater than 0.70), elimination (P greater than 0.75), or volume of distribution (P greater than 0.30). We found no evidence of a pharmacokinetic interaction between theophylline and erythromycin at steady state. Worsening pulmonary function may be responsible for altered theophylline pharmacokinetics in patients coincidentally receiving erythromycin. PMID- 7042227 TI - Immunologic lung diseases (part 1). PMID- 7042228 TI - PEEP-induced airspace overdistension complicating paraquat lung. AB - This report describes a case of paraquat poisoning, treated with continuous positive airway pressure. After an initial phase of acute respiratory failure with diffuse pulmonary edema, we observed radiologically a complete clearing of both lungs, associated with an aspect of overdistension. Surprisingly, FRC was above normal, as was total quasi static compliance. The patient died on the 15th day, with intractable hypoxemia. Pathologic analysis revealed large zones of parenchyma with overdistended airspaces, explaining the emphysematous-like aspect of the lungs. We propose that the attempts to increase lung volume with CPAP, at an early phase of diffuse epithelial disorganization, may have, partially at least, dilated the remaining distal airspaces. PMID- 7042229 TI - Coronary arterial spasm and vasomotion (part 1). Current concepts regarding their role in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7042230 TI - Antibacterial effects of niridazole. I. Effect on infection of mice with Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Niridazole was shown to be an effective chemotherapeutic agent for mice infected intravenously with a niridazole-sensitive strain of Salmonella typhimurium. Death rates as well as bacterial counts per spleen were reduced, even in compromised animals. Histologic examination of spleens proved the reduction of inflammatory reaction due to Salmonella infection. A suppressive effect of niridazole treatment on immunity to challenge infection with S. typhimurium was not found, as demonstrated by infection with a niridazole-resistant strain of S. typhimurium. PMID- 7042231 TI - Isolation of Candida albicans and their sensitivity to antifungal agents. AB - During 1978 and 1979 outbreaks of candidiasis were encountered in about 500,000 broiler chickens on 30 farms, 30,000 guinea fowl on 4 farms, 500 geese on 1 farm, and 10 penguins in a zoo. This represents the first report of avian candidiasis in Taiwan. Diagnoses were based on typical gross and microscopic pathology consistent isolation of Candida albicans from crop and esophageal lesions, virulence of isolates in rabbits, identification of the isolates as C. albicans serotype A by chlamydospore and germ tube formation, fermentation tests, and agglutination by specific antisera, and the lack of any sign of fowl pox or trichomoniasis. The upsurge of candidiasis is attributed to the modernization stressors which interact deleteriously with opportunistic pathogens. In vitro sensitivity testing recorded the following order of effectiveness against 20 isolates: nystatin greater than gentian violet greater than copper sulfate = propionic acid = p-hydroxy benzoic acid greater than calcium propionate = propylene glycol. PMID- 7042232 TI - Histopathological changes and experimental chemotherapy of TT-1 cell-induced tumor in nude mice. AB - TT-1 cells, a cell line derived from pancreatic carcinoma in 1962, were tested in nude mice (BALB/c nu/nu) for their tumorigenicity and histopathological features following cell injection. Moreover, an experimental chemotherapy of TT-1-cell induced tumors in nude mice and attempts of extracting TT-1 tumor-associated antigens were made. The tumorigenicity was measured by subcutaneous inoculation of TT-1 cells in the back of nude mice. The 50% tumor-producing dose (TPD50) for 3-wk and 5-wk old nude mice were 4.7 X 10(4) and 2.4 X 10(5) cells respectively. When 5 TPD50 of TT-1 cells were inoculated subcutaneously into 3-wk old mice, initially cells were found in the subcutaneous space of the inoculated site, then gradually growing into colonies which could be clearly demonstrated microscopically 6 days after inoculation, though by that time tumor was not perceivable nor palpable. Mitomycin-C and fluoro-uracil were administered 2 days after TT-1 cell inoculation. It was found that 5 doses of 8 microgram mitomycin-C and 0.25 mg fluoro-uracil administered intravenously were effective to prevent the nude mice inoculated with 5 TPD50 from tumor formation. However, if these two drugs were injected 3 weeks later, tumor growth was suppressed only by the first 4 doses of drugs but not thereafter. Immune sera were prepared by immunizing rabbits and mice with 3 M KCl extract of nude mouse-grown tumors. Nude mouse serum and subcutaneous tissue antigens were present in the tumor extract and showed strong antigenicity. PMID- 7042233 TI - [Forms of toxic shock]. PMID- 7042234 TI - [Hemostasis with a new infrared-sapphire-coagulator (ISC-81). First clinical studies]. AB - A new infrared sapphire coagulator (ISC-81) has been developed for the hemostasis of parenchymatous hemorrhage. Upon absorption by the bleeding tissue, light is converted into thermal energy thus causing coagulation and hemostasis. The light is transmitted to the bleeding tissue via a sapphire crystal, which is nonadhesive and of high thermal resistance. For application on flat surfaces or in ruptured tissues, either a cylindrical or a wedge-shaped crystal can be used. Up to now the ISC-81 has been used successfully on 22 patients, most of whom had hemorrhages from ruptured spleens or livers. PMID- 7042235 TI - Reversible differential decondensation of unfixed Chinese hamster chromosomes induced by change in calcium ion concentration of the medium. AB - Differential decondensation of isolated unfixed Chinese hamster metaphase chromosomes was obtained by decreasing the calcium ion concentration in the surrounding medium. A banded appearance of the swollen chromosomes could be observed either directly by phase contrast microscopy or after glutaraldehyde fixation and staining. There was a gradual transition from homogeneously dense to banded and finally to extensively decondensed chromosomes. The patterns induced at different stages were similar to those observed on fixed chromosomes after standard banding procedures (i.e., G-, Cd-, Ag-NOR-staining). Chromosomes decondensation could be reversed by the addition of calcium ions to the medium. Ca ++-dependent reversible differential chromosome decondensation was not observed if the chromosomes were previously treated with 0.35 M NaCl. Chromosome regions which had incorporated BrdU into their DNA were more resistant to a decrease in calcium ion concentration than BrdU non-substituted regions. PMID- 7042237 TI - [Diagnostic localization of urinary tract infection--examination of urinary antibody-coated bacteria with immunofluorescence technic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042236 TI - [Experience in treatment of 41 cases of severe aplastic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042238 TI - [Advances in the treatment of acute leukemia with homologous bone marrow transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042239 TI - Effects of free fatty acids, insulin, glucagon and adrenaline on ketone body production in humans. AB - In normal human subjects, when plasma insulin, glucagon and growth hormone were 'clamped' at basal concentrations (by infusion of somatostatin plus replacement infusion of these hormones), infusion of Intralipid and heparin increased plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations to approx. 1.3 mM, and ketone body production increased 4-5 fold to approx. 11 mumol . kg -1 . min-1. Hyperglucagonaemia did not further increase ketogenesis. In conditions of combined insulin and glucagon deficiency (by infusion of somatostatin without insulin and glucagon), administration of Intralipid and heparin increased plasma FFA concentrations to approx. 2.2 mM but a further increase in ketone body production did not accompany this increase. In these conditions hyperglucagonaemia increased ketogenesis by 2-3 fold the increment seen in control studies. Infusion of adrenaline (epinephrine) in conditions in which insulin secretion was not inhibited caused only a transient increase in plasma FFA concentrations and in ketone body production. These data indicate: (1) that in humans increased FFA availability can markedly augment ketogenesis in the absence of insulin deficiency and without hyperglucagonaemia; (2) that glucagon can increase ketone body production during insulin deficiency but not in its absence; and (3) that insulin deficiency may be accompanied by increased ketogenesis only because of a lack of its restraint on lipolysis and because of the action of glucagon. Glucagon may be important in determining the magnitude of ketone body production for a given degree of FFA availability and insulin deficiency, and may be necessary for attainment of maximal rates of ketogenesis. Adrenaline increases ketone body production in humans, but whether this is primarily due to a direct effect on the liver or is mediated through enhancement of lipolysis remains to be determined. PMID- 7042240 TI - Quantitative aspects of L(+)-lactate metabolism in human beings. AB - The production rate of endogenous L(+)-lactate in the resting human being can be calculated from results of experiments during which isotopic or unlabelled lactate is infused. The merits of the different experimental techniques are discussed, although all published methods have given similar results, namely a resting production rate of about 1.3 mol . (70 kg body wt)-1 . 24 h-1. This result is similar to that found in sheep, but lower than that in dogs and rats. L(+)-lactate production in human subjects is unchanged after fasting for 36-168 h, a finding which contrasts with some animal experiments. It is not known whether this represents a true species difference or a difference in diet. Net splanchnic uptake of L(+)-lactate in the resting human being is about 0.4 mol 24 h-1 although the normal liver has the capacity to metabolize more than this. The kidney is an important site of L(+)-lactate utilization in rats, but there is no information about its role in normal human beings. There are conflicting reports concerning the uptake of L(+)-lactate by resting skeletal muscle, but there is no evidence that resting muscle can metabolize lactate. PMID- 7042242 TI - [Comparison of immunoenzyme and IFA methods in the diagnosis of malaria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042241 TI - Isotope turnover studies in uncontrolled diabetes and the effects of insulin. AB - Turnover rates of glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) and leucine have been measured in newly diagnosed, uncontrolled insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD) patients. The results have been compared with data collected from the same patients while on conventional insulin therapy as well as after overnight intravenous infusion of insulin with sustained normoglycaemia. The data have been analysed by compartmental and non-compartmental methods and the results have been compared with simultaneously collected data on respiratory exchange. Oxidation rates of 14C-labelled substrates have also been measured. Tracer studies were done on established diabetics after insulin withdrawal and subsequent intravenous infusion of insulin at different rates. The results confirm the in vivo importance of the glucose-fatty acid cycle, indicating that when glucose, FFA and ketone bodies are available in excess it is FFA and ketones that are metabolized in preference to glucose. The data emphasize the importance of increased production rates rather than decreased utilization rates in producing high concentrations of substrates in the plasma of insulin-deficient patients. PMID- 7042243 TI - [Preliminary observations on the preservation of Leptospira in sealed ampoules (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042244 TI - [Presacral omental tamponage and primary perineal suture in radical resection of cancer of rectum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042245 TI - Sucrose induced hypertriglyceridaemia: its mechanism and metabolic effects. AB - The study summarizes the metabolic effects of increased sucrose or fructose intake. Compared with the traditional carbohydrate source-starch, a high intake of the above two carbohydrates produces a number of metabolic and other changes that can have a pathological effect. A thus induced metabolic and other changes that can have hepatic lipid synthesis, hypertriglyceridaemia and increased tissue lipid utilization, while tissue glucose utilization decreases. Moreover, the increase of these carbohydrates can lead to some pathological organ changes and elevation of blood pressure. PMID- 7042247 TI - Selection of optical filters for laser flow cytometry using fluorescent conjugates. PMID- 7042246 TI - Extraction of morphological features from biological models and cells by Fourier analysis of static light scatter measurements. AB - Models of biological cells of varying geometric complexity were used to generate data to test a method of extracting geometric features from light scatter distributions. Measurements of the dynamic range and angular distribution of intensity and light scatter from these models was compared to the distributions predicted by a complete theory of light scatter (Mie) and by diffraction theory (Fraunhofer). An approximation to the Fraunhofer theory provides a means of obtaining size and shape features from the data by a spectrum analysis. Experimental verification using nucleated erythrocytes as the biological material show the potential application of this method for the extraction of important size and shape parameters from light scatter data. PMID- 7042248 TI - Cimetidine in the management of symptomatic patients with duodenitis: a double blind controlled trial. AB - Twenty-one adult outpatients with dyspepsia and endoscopically proven duodenitis without chronic ulceration completed a double-blind trial of either cimetidine (1 g/day) or placebo. Treatment with cimetidine for 6 weeks resulted in a significant improvement in symptoms and in the endoscopic appearance of the duodenitis when compared to treatment with placebo. The symptomatic and endoscopic improvement, however, was not associated with any significant change in the histological grading of the duodenitis. PMID- 7042249 TI - Comparative effects of synthetic and natural secretin on pancreatic secretion and on secretin, insulin, and glucagon levels in man. AB - The effect of synthetic secretin (Roche) on exocrine pancreatic secretion and on secretin, insulin, and glucagon levels was determined and compared with that of pure natural porcine secretin (GIH, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm) in 10 healthy volunteers. The two secretin preparations were found to be equipotent. Equipotency applies to pancreatic secretion and to secretin and insulin plasma levels, whereas the plasma levels of glucagon were not affected by either drug. It is concluded that this synthetic secretin preparation is suitable for clinical and research purposes. PMID- 7042251 TI - Are anticholinergics plus antacids truly as effective as cimetidine plus antacids in the treatment of duodenal ulcer? Comments on a clinical trial. PMID- 7042250 TI - Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with features of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7042252 TI - Cimetidine or propantheline combined with antacid therapy for short-term treatment of duodenal ulcer. AB - Seventy-one patients with duodenal ulcer disease completed a 3- to 6-week controlled randomized trial in which cimetidine (1 g daily) was compared with an optimally effective dose of propantheline. Both groups had free access to an antacid suspension. There were no significant differences between the groups concerning ulcer healing, relief of ulcer symptoms, antacid consumption, or patient compliance. After 3 weeks of treatment, endoscopic examination revealed complete ulcer healing in 63% of the cimetidine and 47% of the propantheline treated patients. The corresponding figures after 6 weeks were 94% and 86%, respectively. After 12 weeks, ulcer recurrence was confirmed in 26% of the cimetidine- and 23% of the propantheline-treated patients. Except for the absence of anticholinergic adverse reactions, no significant advantages could be confirmed for combined cimetidine and antacid treatment. PMID- 7042253 TI - Ammonia-induced changes in pancreatic hormones and plasma amino acids in patients with liver cirrhosis. AB - The contribution of hyperammonemia to plasma amino acid imbalance in patients with liver disease was assessed in 10 subjects with chronic hepatitis and in 17 advanced cirrhotics. Insulin, glucagon, and plasma amino acids were determined both in the basal state and 45 min after oral ammonium chloride, at doses used in the ammonia-tolerance test. In cirrhotics, ammonia increased to 3 times basal values, in association with a rise in insulin and, more marked, in glucagon. Aromatic amino acids and free tryptophan further increased, while a significant fall in branched-chain amino acids and glutamate was observed. The increase in ammonia levels strongly correlated with the increase in glucagon (r = 0.707). Two patients, with large esophageal varices, showed signs of disturbed consciousness, in association with a marked rise in ammonia and in the ration of free tryptophan to the sum of neutral amino acids. In patients with chronic hepatitis, whose ammonia levels rose slightly, minor variations in pancreatic glucoregulatory hormones and plasma amino acids were observed, as also happened in 10 healthy subjects following ammonium chloride ingestion. Our data fit with the hypothesis that the plasma amino acid imbalance of cirrhotics may be partly due to ammonia induced changes in pancreatic hormones. PMID- 7042254 TI - An 8-year prospective experience with balloon tamponade in emergency control of bleeding esophageal varices. AB - The use of balloon tamponade in the emergency control of bleeding from esophageal varices is controversial. This paper reports a prospective study over an 8-year period in which balloon tamponade has been the sole means employed for the early control of bleeding varices. During 1972-1980 all patients referred to Prince Henry's Hospital with upper gastrointestinal bleeding were admitted to a special unit. Ninety-one had bleeding esophageal varices, and 17 were admitted on one or more occasions for bleeding for a total of 132 admissions. After early endoscopy, balloon tamponade was used during 103 of these admissions with failure to control bleeding on six occasions; five of these patients died from hemorrhage and the sixth recovered after emergency portacaval shunt. Another patient died from rebleeding not treated by tamponade. Reinsertion of the balloon for rebleeding was necessary on 28 occasions with successful control in all cases. Balloon tamponade was not used during 29 admissions because bleeding had ceased or the patient was considered to have terminal liver disease. In this group there were four deaths from severe liver disease and hemorrhage. Balloon tamponade was used in 78% of admissions and controlled bleeding in more than 90% of patients. This suggests that tamponade may be the method of choice early control of bleeding from esophageal varices. PMID- 7042255 TI - Radiological aspects of 'classic' primary osteosarcoma: value of some radiological investigations: A review. PMID- 7042256 TI - Pancreas transplantation--an historical overview and its current status. PMID- 7042257 TI - Pancreas transplantation at the University of Minnesota. PMID- 7042258 TI - Patient selection criteria for pancreas transplant allografts. PMID- 7042259 TI - Toxemic renal disease in incomplete molar pregnancy. AB - This communication describes the light, electron, and immunofluorescence microscopy of renal biopsy specimens from a patient with hydatidiform degeneration of the placenta and coexisting fetus. Symptoms of toxemia appeared in the 18th week of gestation and were accompanied by heavy proteinuria, decreased renal function, and disproportionately elevated serum uric acid concentration. The biopsy findings were consistent with the renal lesions of toxemia of pregnancy, although other renal diseases such as Henoch Schonlein nephritis or lupus proliferative glomerulonephritis cannot be excluded. Normal serological tests and disappearance of proteinuria, along with recovery of renal function to normal promptly after termination of pregnancy, tend to rule out other renal diseases. The molar transformation of the placenta, or the interaction with the kidney of certain humoral factors such as human chorionic gonadotropin which was markedly elevated in this patient, may be related to the pathophysiology of toxemia of pregnancy. PMID- 7042260 TI - [Alcohol dehydrogenase substrate specificity in a colloidal solution of water in an organic solvent]. PMID- 7042261 TI - [The value of differential renal vein renin activity on the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension and prediction of its prognosis regarding surgical treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042262 TI - [Clinical studies of 36 patients with moderate to severe hypertension treated with captopril (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042263 TI - Advances in thrombolytic therapy. AB - Streptokinase and urokinase are the two thrombolytic agents currently available in the United States. These drugs promote dissolution of thrombi by stimulating the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, resulting in an overall "lytic state" in the blood. Recent clinical trials in patients with pulmonary emboli, deep vein thrombosis, arterial thrombosis, and arteriovenous cannula occlusions demonstrated significantly greater lysis with thrombolytics than with heparin alone. However, because of the increased risk of bleeding, the use of these agents is reserved for patients in whom the therapeutic advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Contraindications are numerous and include any preexisting condition that may render the patient more susceptible to bleeding. PMID- 7042264 TI - The digoxin index 1966-1981. Part II. PMID- 7042265 TI - [Efficient disinfection in a hospital]. PMID- 7042266 TI - [Apropos of progressive muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 7042267 TI - [Structural aspects of causal, pathogenetic and symptomatic working points in rheumatism therapy]. PMID- 7042269 TI - [Diagnosis of peritonitis in continuing ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 7042268 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anaemia and acute leukaemia (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-six bone marrow transplantations were performed at the West Germany Tumour Centre at Essen between December 1975 and December 1981. Three patients had aplastic anaemia, 23 acute leukaemia. Of the leukaemia patients 13 had a recurrence and ten were in full remission at the time of the transplantation. Two of the patients with a recurrence received deep-frozen autologous marrow from the remission phase. One patient with aplastic anaemia had an identical twin as donour, while all other patients received allogeneic marrow from histocompatible family members. Eleven patients are still alive, all three of those with aplastic anaemia, one of those with leukaemia in a recurrence, and seven of those with acute leukaemia in full remission. Two of the survivors have a chronic graft-host reaction, but the others are symptom-free, after an observation period of up to four years. Main causes of death were leukemic recurrence (6), infection (5), and graft-host reaction (2). It would seem that at present bone marrow transplantation offers the best chance of a cure for severe aplastic anaemic and acute leukaemia in adults, but only if transplantation is undertaken early and not in the end-stage of the disease. PMID- 7042270 TI - [No advantages of acetyldigoxin and methyldigoxin compared to digoxin]. PMID- 7042271 TI - [A serological survey in cattle for Campylobacteriosis genitalis in Northwest Germany (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042273 TI - [Oral supplementation with magnesium of cows shifted from winter feeding to a diet of dried spring grass (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042274 TI - [Highly molassed sugarbeet pulp in ruminant's nutrition. II. Concentrate with high rations of highly molassed dried sugarbeet pulp in the feeding of lactating cows (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042275 TI - [Unwanted side effects of veterinary drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042272 TI - [Trisetum flavescens (L., P.B.): calcinogenetic activity of the plant after artificial (green)- drying and preparation of cobs]. PMID- 7042276 TI - [Experiences with the "pigeon regulizer" Busulfan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042277 TI - [Picture report No. 7: accumulation of accidents caused by lightning to cattle in a practice in Schleswig]. PMID- 7042278 TI - [WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health at the Hannover Veterinary College. 9th seminar on environmental hygiene, 12-13 February 1981: animals in urban areas as a hygienic problem]. PMID- 7042279 TI - [Effects of mycotoxins on some laboratory parameters and on enzyme activities in fresh liver tissue of young poultry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042280 TI - [Effect of antibiotic feed additives on the intestinal flora and the persistence of salmonellae in chickens]. PMID- 7042281 TI - [Investigations on the occurrence of Salmonella in clinically unsuspected pig breeding farms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042282 TI - [Detection of antibodies against avian paramyxovirus-1,2- and 3- in sera from pigeons (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042283 TI - [The importance of the etiologic diagnosis of the mycoplasmosis in poultry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042284 TI - [Torticollis in chickens caused by Pasteurella multocida (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042285 TI - [Control of the most important bovine epidemics in the Federal Republic of Germany (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042286 TI - [Mycoses in crayfish--a literature review (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042287 TI - [Investigations into the epizootiology of infections with cystforming coccidia (Toxoplasmidae, Sarcocystidae) in cats, cattle and free-living rodents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042288 TI - [Investigation on the efficacy of ivermectin against endoparasites in horses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042290 TI - [Biological factors influencing the protein synthesis in liver of rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042289 TI - [Experiences with the management of two "movable veterinary investigation offices" in the East and the West during the last World War (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042291 TI - [Investigations about hemoglobin-content in the blood serum of healthy cattle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042292 TI - [Investigations on the increase of the reproduction rate in sows after the first litter by hormonal estrus induction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042293 TI - [Illustrated case report. Leukosis in a trotter stallion]. PMID- 7042294 TI - Rate-controlled drug dosage. PMID- 7042295 TI - [Effect of alcohol on brain metabolism]. PMID- 7042296 TI - [The hangover and the alcohol withdrawal syndrome]. PMID- 7042297 TI - [Alcohol and cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 7042298 TI - [Experience of the National School of Public Health of Rio de Janeiro with decentralization of the public health course]. AB - This work describes the process of decentralizing the course in public health at the National School of Public Health (ENSP) in Rio de Janeiro. The authors examine different stages of the organization and administration of parallel courses which, from 1975 to 1980, expanded from three to 15 States in order to meet the need for educating public health professionals in different geographic areas. They also describe the system of evaluating and financing the courses, and conclude that the training of 1,643 professionals in six years and the growing interest and participation of the States, fully justify the decentralization effort. PMID- 7042299 TI - [Indication, methods and results in absolute mandibular alveolar ridge augmentation]. PMID- 7042300 TI - [Principles and standard procedure for the surgical improvement of the prosthesis support]. PMID- 7042301 TI - [10 years' clinical experience with cialit-preserved supporting tissue in preprosthetic surgery]. PMID- 7042302 TI - [Has the split-thickness graft proved itself as an oral mucosal replacement?]. PMID- 7042303 TI - [Late results of vestibular pocket formation after absolute alveolar ridge augmentation in the area of the anterior mandible]. PMID- 7042304 TI - [Newly developed adhesive plastics and their clinical use]. PMID- 7042305 TI - [Clinical and materials testing studies of worn plastic fillings. A pilot study]. PMID- 7042306 TI - [Acid-etching technic with conventionally prepared cavities]. PMID- 7042310 TI - [Long-term experiences with autoplastic grafts in preprosthetic surgery]. PMID- 7042308 TI - [Expectations of the prosthodontist for the preprosthetic surgical procedure]. PMID- 7042307 TI - [Roughness studies of vestibular and lingual tooth surfaces]. PMID- 7042309 TI - [Indication for and frequency of preprosthetic interventions: the results of a survey]. PMID- 7042311 TI - [What does the ideal prosthesis support for total tooth replacement look like?]. PMID- 7042313 TI - Thyroid iodide compartments and their implication in the rat thyroid iodine organification. AB - To estimate the relative participation of transported and intrathyroidally generated iodide (internal iodide) in the iodination of newly synthesized and preexisting thyroglobulin (Tg) in the rat thyroid, the specific radioactivities (SRAs) of thyroid iodide, Tg, lysosomal iodine, and plasma hormones were followed for 92 h after radioactive iodide injection in intact or hypophysectomized rats. In control rats, the SRA of Tg and lysosomal iodine reached a maximum at 12 h. However, the SRA of lysosomal iodide was always smaller than that of Tg. In contrast, the SRA of hormonal iodide attained a maximum at 48 h. Thus, newly labeled iodine is endocytosed and mixed inside the lysosomes with older previously iodinated molecules; hormone secretion is mainly due to old labeled iodine (i.e. iodine with a high SRA from 48-96 h). These results are consistent with the presence of least two Tg compartments, with different turnover rates and hormone contents. On the other hand, in hypophysectomized rats, the SRA of Tg, lysosomes, and hormones showed only one maximum, at 24 h. Furthermore, the SRAs of Tg and lysosomes were similar at each time interval. It is inferred that in such rats, the old labeled iodine compartment is strongly reduced, and that inside the lysosomes, newly labeled iodine is predominant. Since in hypophysectomized rats, the recycling of iodide is abolished, it is concluded that in normal rats: 1) transported iodide is organified mainly by direct iodination of newly synthesized Tg, independently of TSH, and 2) internal iodide is organified mainly by delayed iodination of preexisting Tg, this process being TSH dependent. PMID- 7042312 TI - Evaluation of adenosine or related nucleosides as physiological regulators of lipolysis in adipose tissue. AB - The removal of extracellular, endogenously produced adenosine in isolated rat adipocytes by treatment with adenosine deaminase enhanced their responsiveness to various lipolytic agents, i.e. the response to catecholamines, glucagon, LH, TSH, and cholera toxin was elicited at concentrations that were 10-500 times lower than those required for the stimulation of lipolysis in untreated cells in vitro. The removal of adenosine from intact fat cells largely potentiated the isoproterenol-stimulated increase in cAmP level. However, a similar treatment of undissociated segments of adipose tissue failed to influence further the response to isoproterenol. These results strongly suggest that in the intact adipose tissue, adenosine and related nucleosides are absent and do not function as modulators of adenylate cyclase or lipolysis. Under these circumstances the estimated "low" physiological concentrations of the neurotransmitters in the adipose tissue are able to modulate lipid mobilization. Previous studies have shown that insulin failed to inhibit lipolysis, induced by micromolar norepinephrine concentrations, in adenosine-free adipocytes. The present study demonstrates that at physiological catecholamine concentrations, insulin is a potent antilipolytic agent. PMID- 7042314 TI - Characterization of insulin binding to isolated swine adipocytes. AB - The objectives of this study were to determine if binding sites for insulin were present on isolated swine adipocytes and to characterize insulin receptors in terms of kinetics and specificity if they existed. The binding of purified porcine [125I]iodoinsulin to isolated adipocytes at 30 C was rapid, achieving a steady state within 45 min that was maintained for 2 h. Specific binding of [125I]iodoinsulin tracer was 2.5-3.0% for 2 X 10(5) cells/ml after 2h. Competition for binding was observed with half-maximal displacement of [125I]iodoinsulin at insulin concentrations of 4.2 X 10(-10) M. Porcine proinsulin was 16-fold less potent that insulin in displacing [125I]iodoinsulin from receptor sites. Glucagon did not cause displacement of [125I]iodoinsulin. Scatchard analysis of the data from competitive binding studies indicated the presence of two classes of binding sites. The Ka was approximately 4.5 X 10(9) M 1 for high affinity sites and approximately 2.1 X 10(-8) M-1 for low affinity sites. These findings indicate that 1) receptors which specifically bind insulin are present on swine adipocytes and 2) the affinity and number of the two classes of binding sites are similar to those of adipocytes isolated from the rat, a species in which insulin elicits a much greater in vitro stimulatory effect on glucose metabolism than previously observed for swine adipocytes. PMID- 7042315 TI - Thyroglobulin production by rat thyroid cells in culture: a study at the level of single cells. PMID- 7042316 TI - Evidence for two species of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF II and "big" IGF II) in human spinal fluid. AB - Human serum contains the somatomedins, insulin-like growth factor I and II (IGF I and II). In spinal fluid, however, only IGF II was found in measurable and significant amounts. In addition, an IGF II of larger mass could be detected by a radioimmunoassay for IGF II. This "big" IGF II is biologically active and has an apparent molecular weight of 9000. PMID- 7042317 TI - Acute tolbutamide administration alone or combined with insulin enhances glucose uptake in the perfused rat hindlimb. AB - We examined the effects of acute administration of tolbutamide on glucose uptake in the non-cyclically perfused rat hindlimb. During the hour of study, 500 microunits boluses of insulin were given every ten min in the presence or absence of 3 X 10(-3)M tolbutamide. Tolbutamide by itself increased glucose uptake; however at no time was this increase significantly different from that seen in the group which received insulin alone. After 42 min of perfusion, the insulin stimulated uptake was 26% and the tolbutamide was 20% greater than control (1.90 +/- 0.08, 1.80 +/- 0.06, and 1.50 +/- 0.05 mumol/min/100 g respectively). After 20 min of perfusion, the increase in glucose uptake seen with the combination of insulin + tolbutamide was significantly greater than that obtained with either tolbutamide or insulin alone. At the termination of perfusion, the glucose uptake with the combined treatment was 59% greater than control, 35% greater than tolbutamide, and 19% greater than insulin alone (2.67 +/- 0.10, vrs. 1.68 +/- 0.07 vrs. 1.97 +/- 0.07 vrs. 2.16 +/- 0.07 mumol/min/100 g). These results demonstrate not only a direct effect of tolbutamide, but also a potentiation of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the rat hindlimb. Therefore, tolbutamide has extra-pancreatic effects which probably contribute to the hypoglycemic action of this sulfonylurea. PMID- 7042318 TI - Effects of orchidectomy and testosterone replacement treatment on pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in the adult rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - The effect of bilateral orchidectomy and subsequent replacement treatment with testosterone (T) on the intermittent pattern of LH release were studied in six adult male rhesus monkeys. Frequent blood samples were withdrawn for extended periods via remote sampling devices that permitted continuous access to the venous circulation with minimal restraint of the animals. Plasma concentrations of LH were determined by RIA, and episodes of LH secretion (pulses) were identified using a computer-executed algorithm. In intact animals, the frequency of episodic LH secretion averaged one pulse every 4.5 h, and this increased within 2 days of castration to approximately one pulse every hour. The acceleration in LH pulse frequency occasioned by orchidectomy was associated with increases in mean plasma LH concentration and an enhancement of LH pulse amplitude. Implantation of acutely orchidectomized animals with T-containing Silastic capsules that resulted in sustained increments in plasma T concentrations in the mid to upper physiological ranges generally resulted, within 10 days, in a partial to complete reversal of the high LH pulse frequency characteristic of the castrated animal. The onset of the T-induced reduction in LH pulse frequency was associated with a marked increase in pulse amplitude. Since it is generally held that a LH pulse is occasioned by, and therefore reflects, a discharge of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone, it may be proposed that in the rhesus monkey, the testes impose a decisive retardation on the neural mechanism that governs the timing of intermittent gonadotropin releasing hormone secretion, and that this modulation of the hypophysiotropic oscillator by the gonad is mediated by testicular T secretion. PMID- 7042319 TI - Effect of high fat and high carbohydrate diets on adipose tissue pyruvate dehydrogenase and its activation by a plasma membrane-enriched fraction and insulin. AB - Rats were fed a high lard diet or a high glucose diet for 5--7 days. Basal and insulin-stimulated epididymal fat pad pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activities were decreased in fat diet-adapted rats compared to those fed the glucose diet. When adipocyte plasma membranes and mitochondria were incubated together with and without insulin, it was found that the insulin stimulation of PDH activity was lower in preparations from fat-fed rats on both an absolute and percentage basis. Supernatant fractions from insulin-stimulated glucose-fed rat plasma membranes activated mitochondrial PDH to a greater extent than those from lard-fed rat preparations. There was no difference in the response of mitochondria from the two groups when they were stimulated by insulin-treated plasma membranes from stock diet-fed rat adipose tissue. These experiments suggest that fat feeding results in adaptive changes in adipocyte plasma membranes which are involved in the generation of the insulin-stimulated chemical activator of PDH. This adaptive change is in addition to those described earlier. PMID- 7042320 TI - Effects of thyroid hormone on the insulin receptor in rat liver membranes. AB - Although many studies have investigated the complex interrelationships between thyroid hormone levels and insulin-glucose secretion and action, there is at present a lack of information concerning the effects of various thyroid hormone levels on insulin receptors. In the present study, rat liver membranes were prepared from control, hyperthyroid [10 micrograms L-T4 (T4)/100 g BW for 14 days], and hypothyroid rats and the binding characteristics of [125I]iodoinsulin to these membranes were studied. In addition, serum T3, T4, glucose, and insulin levels were measured. The mean (+/- SD) serum T4 and T3 levels were higher (P less than 0.05) in the T4-injected rats than in the hypothyroid rats (T4, 9.1 +/- 0.6 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.4 microgram/dl; T3, 144 +/- 18 vs. 30 +/- 16 ng/dl). When compared to controls, glucose levels were higher in the hypothyroid rats (116 +/- 11 vs. 141 +/- 14 mg/dl; P less than 0.05) and were statistically unaltered in thyrotoxicosis. Plasma insulin levels were increased in hypothyroidism (6.5 +/- 0.8 vs. 10.8 +/- 2.9 microU/ml; P less than 0.05) and decreased in thyrotoxicosis (7.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 28.3 +/- 15 microU/ml; P less than 0.05). Despite these alterations, membrane binding and the derived Scatchard plots were not significantly different in the hyperthyroid or hypothyroid groups. In summary, the present studies indicate that plasma membrane insulin receptor number and affinity are unaltered regardless of the thyroid state of the rat. PMID- 7042321 TI - Comparison of peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism in normal rats and in rats receiving prolonged glucagon infusion. AB - An elevated plasma glucagon concentration and reduced T3 production from T4 have both been observed in several clinical disorders, including hepatic cirrhosis, uremia, diabetes mellitus, and starvation. The question of whether glucagon has a direct effect on T3 production was studied in normal rats infused iv with [125I]T4 of [125I]T3 and 3 micrograms T4/day, using implanted minipumps. The blood [125I]T4 and [125I]T3 levels maintained a plateau between the fifth and ninth days of infusion. Each animal also received a second minipump, implanted ip, that infused either a diluant solution or 30 micrograms glucagon/100 g BW . day. After 7 days of continuous infusion, the glucagon-treated animals showed a 20% increase in plasma glucose and a 4-fold increase in plasma glucagon from baseline. However, the levels of insulin, T4, and T3 remained unchanged. The MCRs and the disposal rates of T4 and T3, calculated by the constant infusion method, showed T4 and T3 MCRs to be 0.99 +/- 0.18 and 11.25 +/- 2.52 ml/h . 100 g, respectively, and T4 and T3 disposal rates to be 68 +/- 10 and 9 +/- 2 ng/h . 100 g; there was no difference between the control animals and the glucagon-infused animals. T3 production was also determined in vitro from T4 added to a liver homogenate. Compared to control animals, the liver homogenate prepared from glucagon-infused animals showed a modestly higher T3 production rate throughout the 60-min incubation period (P = 0.025--0.05). However, the concentration of nonprotein-bound sulfhydryls was similar in the liver, kidney, brain, muscle, and heart of the two animal groups. In conclusion, glucagon does not have an important regulating role on the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormone and T3 production in rats. PMID- 7042322 TI - Influence of dexamethasone on insulin action: inhibition of basal and insulin stimulated hexose transport is dependent on length of exposure in vitro. PMID- 7042323 TI - Intracellular protease activity in glucocorticoid-mediated thymolysis. AB - The effect of dexamethasone on rat thymus protease activity was tested by following hydrolysis of 14C-labeled globin. Most of the proteolytic activity was located in the cytoplasmic fraction obtained from either whole thymus homogenates or isolated thymic lymphocytes. The protease showed an acid pH optimum and was inhibited by pepstatin and leupeptin. The particulate fractions exhibited only a negligible proteolytic activity throughout the pH range tested. The administration of dexamethasone (9 alpha-fluoro-11 beta, 17,21-trihydroxy-16 alpha-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione; 1 mg/kg, ip) to adrenalectomized castrated rats caused a marked increase in the acid protease activity assayed in the cytosol of whole thymus or thymic lymphocytes, with no change in the particular enzyme activity. The sensitivity of the cytosolic enzyme to several protease inhibitors was unchanged after glucocorticoid treatment. Minimal effective dexamethasone doses for thymic involution and increases in protease activity were 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg BW, respectively. The half-maximal thymolytic effect was obtained at 0.05 mg/kg dexamethasone, while the half-maximal effect on the protease was observed only at 0.30 mg/kg dexamethasone. In contrast, in vitro exposure of isolated thymic lymphocytes to 8.3 X 10(-6) M dexamethasone failed to affect the acid protease activity in the cytosol, but produced a marked time dependent cytolytic response. These observations suggest that glucocorticoid induced cytolysis in rat thymic lymphocytes is not mediated by a direct effect of the hormone on endogenous proteases. PMID- 7042324 TI - Different intracellular mechanisms underlie testosterone's suppression of basal and stimulation of cyclic luteinizing hormone release in male and female rats. PMID- 7042325 TI - Failure of ovulation caused by GABA in the immature rat given pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. PMID- 7042326 TI - Noncarbohydrate nutrients protect against alloxan-induced inhibition of insulin release. AB - Noncarbohydrate nutrients such as 2-ketoisocaproate, L-glutamine, L-leucine and its nonmetabolized analog, beta-2-aminobicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH) were able to mimic, to a limited extent, the protective action of D-glucose against the inhibitory effect of alloxan on glucose-stimulated insulin release. L glutamine potentiated the protective action of BCH but not that of 2 ketoisocaproate or L-leucine. These data lend support to the view that the cytotoxic effect of alloxan is linked to the generation of peroxide. Agents which stimulate islet metabolism may protect against such a cytotoxic effect by increasing the production rate of reducing equivalents in the islet cells. PMID- 7042327 TI - Immunocytochemistry of vitamin D-dependent calcium binding protein in chick pancreas: exclusive localization. PMID- 7042328 TI - Carbamazepine determination in saliva of children: enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) versus high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - Concentrations of carbamazepine (CBZ) in salivary specimens from epileptic children receiving CBZ monotherapy were measured by EMIT and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). A highly significant linear correlation was obtained between the two methods. Statistical analysis indicated significantly greater CBZ concentrations by EMIT than by HPLC, probably due to interference in the EMIT assay by the main metabolite, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (EP). For patients on monotherapy this difference would appear not to be great enough to lead to misinterpretation of the result in clinical practice. However, with combined therapy, interference by EP in the salivary measurement of CBZ by EMIT may well become a problem. The main advantage of HPLC is that it is specific for CBZ; also, it can separate and quantify EP concurrently, which may be beneficial if EP is shown to have antiepileptic activity in man. In this study of epileptic children on monotherapy, the salivary concentration ratio EP/CBZ showed large variations both within and between patients, with a mean of 31.6% and an overall range of 6.8-67.1%. PMID- 7042329 TI - Mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium and structure-activity relationships of wastewater components emanating from the manufacture of trinitrotoluene. AB - The mutagenicity of 36 polynitroaromatic compounds was investigated with five strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Isomeric trinitrotoluenes (TNT), with the exception of 2,4,6-TNT and 2,3,4-TNT, exhibit mutagenicity independently of nitroreductase enzymes, but isomeric aminodinitrotoluenes (ADNT) and isomeric dinitrotoluenes (DNT) need nitroreductase to induce mutation. Within groups of isomeric TNTs, DNTs, and ADNTs, mutagenic response was enhanced by a para orientation of nitro groups. The mutagenic response of isomeric DNTs was found to correlate with the compound's ability to undergo charge-transfer complexation with reductive enzymes, whereas further complexation (such as a Janovsky complex) appears to be required for inducing mutation in dinitrobenzenes. These results indicate that polynitroaromatic compounds in TNT wastewaters possess a significant potential for biologic activity. PMID- 7042330 TI - Flavocytochrome b2 from baker's yeast. Computer-simulation studies of a new scheme for intramolecular electron transfer. AB - It has been shown recently that the use of L-(+)-[2-2H]lactate as substrate instead of unlabeled L-(+)-lactate induces a lowering of the flavin reduction rate of cytochrome b2 by a factor of 8 [D. Pompon, M. Iwatsubo, and F. Lederer (1980) Eur. J. Biochem. 104, 479--488]. This high isotope effect enabled us to study electron transfer between prosthetic groups at a very low rate of electron entry. The kinetic scheme for electron transfer in cytochrome b2 proposed by Capeillere-Blandin [Eur. J. Biochem. 56, 91--101 (1975)] is examined here in the light of the kinetic data reported in our preceding paper. This study indicates some disagreements, particularly at a low rate of electron entry. New kinetic schemes capable of explaining data obtained with deuterated lactate are proposed. These new schemes differ from that of Capeillere-Blandin in that: (a) the hypothesis of simultaneous prosthetic group reduction for the two protomers of one given dimer is abandoned; (b) the limiting step of the slow phases of heme and flavin reduction is a slow interprotomer electron exchange between a heme pair, a flavin pair or heme and flavin; (c) a rather fast conformational change controlled by the redox state of heme or flavin of one promoter can modulate the rate of electron transfer in another promoter. These new kinetic schemes allow us to determine the rate of intraprotomer and interprotomer electron transfer and to decide precisely how these steps are modified by the proteolytic cleavage of 'intact' enzyme to 'cleaved' enzyme. PMID- 7042331 TI - The unmasking of proteolytic activity during the early development of Artemia salina. Identification of a precursor after hatching. AB - The proteolytic activities of Artemia salina immediately after hatching are found masked in a precursor of high molecular weight (approximately 100000). The molecular weight of this precursor decreases slightly as development proceeds. However, its kinetic and chromatographic properties vary greatly. Shortly after hatching, the activities are highly inhibited, can be activated severalfold by the chaotropic agent potassium iodide and are not proportional to the amount of enzyme-containing extract added. Later after hatching, its kinetics become normal. From these observations we have concluded that (a) the majority, if not all, of the proteinase activities found later in development are already present immediately after hatching, although in an inhibited state that is gradually activated; (b) the proteinases are not found free in the cytoplasm but in a complex which may allow regulation of their activity. PMID- 7042332 TI - The primary structure of the phosphatidylcholine-exchange protein from bovine liver. Isolation and characterization of the staphylococcal protease peptides and the amino-acid sequence of the N-terminal half (residues 1--122). AB - The phosphatidylcholine exchange protein from bovine liver consists of a single polypeptide chain and has a blocked N terminus. The protein contains an estimated 244 amino acid residues in accordance with a determined molecular weight of 28000. The protease from mouse submaxillaris gland cleaved the citraconylated and S-carboxymethylated derivative of the exchange protein at one specific site (Arg14-Glu15) close to the N terminus. Analysis of the two resulting peptides showed that N-acetyl-methionine was the N-terminal residue and gave the sequence of the first 41 residues. The modified protein was also fragmented with the protease from Staphylococcus aureus. The peptides isolated represented 88% of the protein; their sequences were determined by manual and automated Edman degradation. Alignment of a number of these peptides gave the complex sequence of the N-terminal half up to position 122. PMID- 7042333 TI - Peptide mapping of cornea collagens from chick embryos by dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - Using differential salt fractionation, different collagen types were obtained from corneas of 17-day-old chick embryos. The collagen precipitated by 1.7 M and 2.5 M NaCl consisted of type I collagen, having an alpha 1: alpha 2 ratio of 2. The collagen precipitated by 5 M NaCl contained alpha A, alpha B, alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains having an alpha A: alpha B ratio of 1 and an alpha 1: alpha 2 ratio of 10. The alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains isolated from corneas were found to have higher mobility in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulfate as compared with that of their counterparts isolated from embryonic chick tendons. When the alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains isolated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulfate were subjected to limited protease degradations, the peptide maps obtained from corneal alpha chains were not identical to those of tendon alpha chains. It is suggested that the type I collagen in cornea is different from type I collagen in tendon. Also the results indicated that the alpha 1 chain present in the 5 M NaCl precipitate is a type I alpha 1 chain. PMID- 7042334 TI - Enzymic synthesis of lignin precursors. Comparison of cinnamoyl-CoA reductase and cinnamyl alcohol:NADP+ dehydrogenase from spruce (Picea abies L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.). AB - Cambial sap of spruce (Picea abies) proved to be a good source for isolation of cinnamoyl-CoA reductase and cinnamyl alcohol:NADP+ dehydrogenase. Apparently homogeneous enzymes were obtained by a multistep procedure including dye-ligand chromatography and for the reductase also affinity chromatography on (coenzyme A) agarose. An improved purification procedure for the reductase from soybean cell cultures is also reported. Molecular weights and subunit composition of reductase and dehydrogenase from spruce are very similar to those of the corresponding enzymes from soybean. Reduction of feruloyl-CoA to coniferaldehyde catalysed by the reductase is a freely reversible reaction with an equilibrium constant of 5.6 x 10(-4) M at pH 6.25. A strong dependence of the Michaelis constants on the type of buffer was found. For reductase the Km-value of feruloyl-CoA in phosphate buffer (5.2 microM) is about 14-times similar than in citrate buffer (73 microM). Pronounced differences in substrate specificities between the enzymes from spruce and soybean were found, which reflect the different lignin composition of gymnosperms and dicotyledenous angiosperms. From the kinetic constants of the enzymes it can be concluded that under physiological conditions feruloyl-CoA is the preferred substrate for the reductase from both sources whereas sinapoyl-CoA is a substrate only for the soybean reductase and sinapyldehyde a substrate only for the soybean dehydrogenase. 4-Coumaroyl-CoA is a poor substrate for the reductase from both spruce and soybean. This result is consistent with the low content of 4-coumaryl alcohol units in gymnosperm and angiosperm lignin. PMID- 7042335 TI - Exclusive localization of colicin A in cell cytoplasm of producing bacteria. AB - The production of colicin A in Citrobacter freundii and in Escherichia coli was studied. After induction with low concentrations of mitomycin C, these organisms differed with regards to cell growth, cell viability, and kinetics of colicin A biosynthesis. Despite these differences, immunoferritin labelling on ultra-thin sections of induced frozen cells demonstrated that colicin A was located exclusively within the cell cytoplasm in both types of bacteria. By using protein markers, it was shown that at no time after induction was colicin A accumulated in the periplasmic space or in inner or outer membranes. These results were confirmed by a biochemical approach. For at least 3 h after induction, colicin A remained associated with producing cells and no colicin A activity was found in the periplasmic space. These results are discussed with reference to the synthesis and export of other bacteriocins. PMID- 7042336 TI - The regulation of potassium fluxes for the adjustment and maintenance of potassium levels in Escherichia coli. AB - The regulation of K+ fluxes has been studied in Escherichia coli after depletion of K+ by an osmotic shock or at steady state of potassium accumulation. In the absence of a carbon source, bacteria accumulate K+ to an intracellular level near 0.1 M about half of actively metabolizing cells. During uptake the rate of net unidirectional influx decreased with time down to zero as a plateau was reached and no efflux was observed. Accumulated K+ was not exchanged with external K+ under these conditions. In the presence of a carbon source bacteria took up potassium to an intracellular concentration near 0.2 M. Efflux was delayed: it started only when 50% of final cellular K+ has been taken up. At steady state cellular K+ was exchangeable with external K+. The removal of the carbon source or the addition of respiratory inhibitors immediately stopped the K+ influx but did not affect efflux until the cellular K+ concentration has dropped to a level near 0.1 M; residual potassium was no longer exchangeable with external potassium. Maintaining such an impermeability to K+ ion does not require energy (delta psi or ATP), even though residual K+ is concentrated 100-fold compared to K+ in the medium. These results suggest that K+ efflux is dependent on active metabolism and on the concentration of intracellular K+ above a threshold. Unidirectional influx is also regulated by intracellular K+ according to a different concentration dependence. It appears that the trkA system, which is the only functional system under these experimental conditions is not a 'pump and leak' type of transport system. PMID- 7042337 TI - Tertiary structure of tRNAs in solution monitored by phosphodiester modification with ethylnitrosourea. AB - The alkylation by ethylnitrosourea of phosphodiester bonds in yeast tRNAPhe, tRNAVal and in Escherichia coli tRNAGlu, tRNAfMet, tRNAmMet and tRNAPhe was investigated under various conditions. In unfolded tRNAs the reactivities of phosphates in various positions toward the reagent were similar. In the folded tRNAs remarkable differences in reactivities of phosphates located in various positions of the molecules were observed. In yeast and E. coli tRNAPhe, reactivities of phosphates in positions 9, 10, 11, 19, 49, 58, 59 and 60 were found to be strongly decreased. Some decrease in reactivity was observed for phosphates 23 and 24. Spermine and ethidium bromide did not influence the pattern of phosphate alkylation in the T psi C arm of yeast tRNAPhe. Our solution results fit with the crystal structure of tRNAPhe with respect to the potential availability of the phosphates in this tRNA to solvent as shown by others. Judging from the pattern of phosphate reactivities, the structure of E. coli tRNAPhe is very similar to that of yeast tRNAPhe. Upon thermal denaturation of the yeast tRNAPhe, the reactivity of the low-reactive phosphates increased, demonstrating a cooperative melting curve. A comparison of the patterns of phosphate alkylation in several tRNAs, essentially in their T psi C arms, revealed a striking similarity, suggesting that the folding of these tRNAs is essentially similar. PMID- 7042338 TI - Binding of tRNA to Escherichia coli ribosomes as measured by velocity sedimentation. AB - We followed the binding of initiator and elongator tRNA to 70-S ribosomes and its subunits by velocity sedimentation in the analytical ultracentrifuge. This technique shows the advantage over the previously used methods (adsorption of the complexes to nitrocellulose filters or fluorescence titrations) in that no kinetic effects obscure the equilibrium data and that none of the components has to be chemically modified. The concentrations of the macromolecular compounds are kept constant and the binding equilibria are shifted by varying the Mg2+ concentration in a range which is accessible to experimental analysis. Free 30-S ribosomes bind no tRNA, whereas one tRNA molecule is bound to 50-S ribosomal subunits. In the presence of the cognate codon one tRNA can be associated with the small subunit. Free, programmed, or misprogrammed 70-S ribosomes bind exactly two elongator tRNAs. Only the initiator tRNA does discriminate significantly between the two ribosomal sites when bound to a ribosome . A-U-G complex. PMID- 7042339 TI - Affinity labelling of yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase with a 3'-oxidised tRNAPhe. Isolation and sequence of the labelled peptide. AB - Yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase was specifically labelled with a 3'-oxidised tRNAPhe. Stoichiometric inactivation was achieved with the incorporation of 2 mol oxidised tRNA Phe/mol enzyme which corresponds exactly to the stoichiometry of tRNA binding. The labelled peptide has been isolated using a quick chromatographic procedure which can be applied to any covalent complex formed between a tRNA and an aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. The isolated peptide (18 amino acids) was found to encompass the unique cysteine sequence of the smaller beta subunit of the enzyme. PMID- 7042340 TI - Identification of casein kinase II and phosphorylated proteins associated with messenger ribonucleoproteins particles from reticulocytes. AB - Messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) particles, isolated from reticulocyte polysomes and purified by buoyant density centrifugation in metrizamide, contained an endogenous protein kinase activity. The cyclic-nucleotide independent protein kinase phosphorylated casein using either ATP or GTP as the phosphoryl donor and had properties similar to casein kinase II, an enzyme previously purified and characterized from the post-ribosomal supernate of reticulocytes. Antibody prepared to casein kinase II was shown to inhibit the protein kinase activity in the mRNP particles. The endogenous enzyme phosphorylated four peptides (Mr 125 000, 107 000, 76 000 and 63 000) in the mRNP particle. Three of the four peptides, plus another (Mr 175 000), were phosphorylated by purified casein kinase II while two peptides (Mr 95 000 and Mr 76 000) were phosphorylated with casein kinase I. The mRNP particles were not substrates for the cAMP-dependent protein kinases. PMID- 7042341 TI - Amino-acid sequence of an alpha-parvalbumin, pI = 4.88, from frog skeletal muscle. AB - The primary structure of the most basic (pI = 4.88) of the two major parvalbumins from frog skeletal muscle (Rana esculenta) has been determined by partial automatic sequencing of the protein which exhibits a free N terminus, and a study of overlapping peptides obtained by cyanogen bromide cleavage and digestion with trypsin, thermolysin and Armillaria mellea protease. This protein shows the typical structure of an alpha-parvalbumin. Comparison of the primary structure of ion-binding loops of alpha and beta-parvalbumins does not provide a clear-cut explanation of their differences in ion-binding properties. PMID- 7042342 TI - Biological activity and a partial amino-acid sequence of Escherichia coli DNA binding protein I isolated from overproducing cells. AB - DNA-binding protein I from Escherichia coli was purified from cells carrying the ssb gene on a multicopy plasmid. In comparison to the strain without the recombinant plasmid the DNA-binding protein was over-produced more than 20-fold. The amount of the protein was measured after the purification steps by gel electrophoresis and radial immunodiffusion. The protein was purified to homogeneity and was active in replication assays like the wild-type DNA-binding protein. The assays were enzymatic replication of single-stranded and double stranded fd DNA. E. coli DNA-binding protein I was further subjected to amino acid sequence analysis. A monomer of the protein consists of 187 residues which correspond to a molecular weight of 19715 with 5% error in analysis. The sequence of the amino-terminal 40 residues was determined and includes several basic residues of the protein. Sequence comparison between the DNA-binding protein I from E. coli and that coded by bacteriophage fd reveals similarities suggesting that DNA-binding protein I may use amino-terminal residues for binding to DNA like the phage protein. PMID- 7042343 TI - Regulation of formation of threonyl-tRNA synthetase, phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase and protein synthesis initiation factor 3 from Escherichia coli in vivo and in vitro. AB - The expression of the structural genes for the protein synthesis initiation factor 3 (IF-3), threonyl-tRNA synthetase and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase carried by the transducing phage lambda p2 was studied in a DNA-dependent transcription-translation system in vitro and the results were compared to the regulatory pattern in vivo. In vitro, the DNA of the phage lambda p2 gives rise to the formation of the two forms of IF-3 (IF-31 and IF-3S) which are known to be present in vivo. The kinetics of synthesis indicate an interconversion of IF-31 into IF-3S. Addition of excess purified IF-31 does not significantly repress IF-3 synthesis but does stimulate the rate of conversion of IF-31 into IF-3S. This apparent lack of autoregulation in vitro is in accordance with gene-dosage dependent synthesis in vivo. The fact that strains with more than one copy of the IF-3 structural gene contain a higher relative amount of IF-3S than do haploid ones suggests that the proteolytic conversion of IF-31 into IF-3S may occur predominantly in the free (non-ribosome-bound) state. In vivo, the amount of IF-3 varies with the growth rate much like elongation factor Tu or aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. As with the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, IF-3 synthesis is not significantly subject to a stringent control system. This coordinated regulatory response in vivo, however, is not paralleled by the susceptibility of synthesis in vitro to guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate (ppGpp), since IF-3 formation is inhibited by ppGpp whereas that of threonyl-tRNA synthetase and phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase is stimulated. PMID- 7042344 TI - Expression of the gene for Escherichia coli initiation factor IE-3 in vivo and in vitro. AB - Expression of protein synthesis initiation factor IF-3 in vivo was studied by measuring its level in exponentially growing cells as a function of gene dosage. A strain haploid for infC, the gene for IF-3, was modified to carry one or two additional infC genes giving diploid and triploid strains. Polyploid strains were achieved by the presence of multicopy plasmids expressing the infC gene. When IF 3 levels were measured by quantitative immunoblotting they were found to be proportional to the gene dosage; the presence of a multicopy plasmid thus causes considerable overproduction of IF-3, enabling large quantities to be purified. When lysates were prepared from freshly grown cells, only IF-3 alpha (the long form) was detected; however when IF-3 was purified from a strain containing a multicopy plasmid which overproduced it, the major product found was IF-3 beta (the short form, lacking six amino acids from the N terminus). The synthesis of the two IF-3 forms was also studied by using a cell-free coupled transcription translation system dependent on exogenous DNA: the IF-3 gene was found to be very efficiently expressed. IF-3 alpha increased more rapidly than IF-3 beta but following the cessation of protein synthesis IF-3 alpha decreased while IF-3 beta still increased. The results suggest that IF-3 alpha is slowly degraded to the beta form. Addition of non-radioactive IF-3 alpha, up to fivefold molar excess over ribosomes, to the synthesizing system in vitro did not inhibit IF-3 synthesis. Synthesis of IF-3 in vitro appears to be sensitive to guanosine 3' diphosphate 5'-diphosphate. PMID- 7042345 TI - Routes of flavodoxin and ferredoxin reduction in Escherichia coli. CoA-acylating pyruvate: flavodoxin and NADPH: flavodoxin oxidoreductases participating in the activation of pyruvate formate-lyase. AB - Flavodoxin and ferredoxin become reduced in Escherichia coli cells by oxidoreductase reactions which use pyruvate and NADPH as electron donor substrates. The two enzymes, which are minor proteins of this organism, were measured through the reduced flavodoxin-dependent activation of pyruvate formate lyase. The NADPH-dependent enzyme, obtained homogeneously through Procion-red affinity chromatography, was identified as the flavoprotein 'component R' described previously by Fujii and Huennekens [J. Biol. Chem. 249, 6745-6753 (1974)]. The pyruvate-dependent enzyme was identified as CoA-acetylating pyruvate:flavodoxin (ferredoxin) oxidoreductase. Its catalytic properties in the forward, reverse, and the 14CO2-pyruvate exchange reaction are reported. The dihydro form of flavodoxin was characterized as the particular species involved in the activation of pyruvate formate-lyase. The activation process still occurs with 70% of maximal efficiency when the ratio [NADPH]/([NADP] + [NADPH]) is fixed at the intracellular 'anabolic reduction charge' value of 0.45, in conjunction with the NADPH-dependent enzyme. The [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin, though being readily used as electron acceptor of both oxidoreductases and having a redox potential similar to flavodoxin, proved incompetent in mediating the activation of pyruvate formate-lyase. PMID- 7042346 TI - Occurrence of a catabolic L-serine (L-threonine) deaminase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants lacking the anabolic L-threonine deaminase, the ilv1- mutants, have been found to exhibit a normal ability to grow, without auxotrophy towards isoleucine, on L-threonine of L-serine as only nitrogen nutrient. Starting from a strain carrying a ilv1- mutation, a new mutation affecting the ability to utilize L-threonine as nitrogen source was selected. This mutation, which also impairs the ability to utilize L-serine, has been denominated cha-, for 'catabolism of hydroxyamino acids' and was found to result in the lack of a catabolic L-serine (L-threonine) deaminase. This enzyme which, unlike the anabolic threonine deaminase, is more active towards serine than towards threonine, differs from the latter enzyme by a number of biochemical and regulatory properties. Whereas the anabolic enzyme is an allosteric enzyme sensitive to feedback inhibition by isoleucine, the catabolic enzyme exhibits Michaelian kinetics: no control of its activity has been detected. Its synthesis is induced by L-serine and L-threonine. These two enzymes, which thus can be easily differentiated by means of their regulations, display a limited ability to compensate for one another's absence and appear to play clearly distinct roles under normal physiological conditions. PMID- 7042347 TI - The use of 111In-labeled lymphocyte imaging to evaluate graft rejection following cardiac transplantation in dogs. AB - Lymphocytes separated from venous blood from six dogs who had heterotopic cardiac transplants have been labeled using 111In-oxine. Labeled lymphocytes were reinjected into the dogs and imaging of the heart carried out over the successive 3 or 4 days. For comparison serial ECGs and punch biopsies of the heart were obtained. Abnormal uptake of labeled lymphocytes in the donor heart was clearly visible in three of the six dogs, faintly visible in two and not seen in one. 630 mu Ci 111In was used in the dog where no uptake was seen and subsequent studies showed this amount of the radiopharmaceutical was toxic to lymphocytes. In the remaining five dogs the mean ratio of uptake of 111I in donor to recipient heart was 14:1 (range 6.5:1--21:1). The lack of substantial uptake in the transplanted heart of two dogs in attributed to a delay in rejection relative to the time the labeled lymphocytes were injected. The results suggest that 111In-labeled lymphocytes have potential as a noninvasive test for detecting rejection of cardiac transplants. PMID- 7042348 TI - Brain scintigraphy with 99mTc-citrate and 99mTc-DTPA: a clinical comparison of the results. PMID- 7042349 TI - Twenty years-Iowa muscle clinic: reminiscences and prospects. AB - The activities of the last twenty years of the Iowa clinic for neuromuscular diseases are briefly reviewed. Main emphasis in this paper is on management and guidance of the patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) by the families, the school and the public at large. Guidance and treatment given to our patients is briefly described. It is well known that chronic debilitating disease affects not only the patient but the whole family; management of DMD should therefore include the parents and siblings of the patient. Preventability of DMD is illustrated by the experiences in our clinic. The importance of early carrier detection and genetic counseling is stressed. Possible future developments in DMD research are briefly mentioned. PMID- 7042350 TI - Cobalamin deficiency and related disorders in infancy and childhood. PMID- 7042352 TI - Indoprofen. Short-term double-blind cross-over study in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. AB - A comparison was made between indoprofen (800 mg/day), naproxen (500 mg/day) and placebo in 30 patients with well defined osteoarthritis of the hip. Treatments were given for 10 days each, according to a double-blind, cross-over design. Objective and subjective criteria were adopted for evaluation of effectiveness. Special attention was paid to side effects. There was a marked difference between the active drugs and placebo. Indoprofen was significantly better than naproxen on many variables, and was, in most cases, preferred to the latter, by patients and investigator. PMID- 7042351 TI - Relation between the degree of initial metabolic decompensation and the duration of the remission phase in type I diabetes mellitus. AB - In 21 newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes mellitus initial hemoglobin A1c-concentrations, mean insulin requirements during the first 10 days of treatment to recompensate carbohydrate metabolism, duration of glucosuria after diagnosis and duration of remission were determined. Initial hemoglobin A1c concentration and both mean insulin requirement during the first 10 days of treatment and duration of initial glucosuria showed a highly significant positive correlation. A highly significant, negative correlation was found between the duration of remission and both the mean insulin requirement during the first 10 days of treatment and the duration of initial glucosuria. Thus the present results together with previous findings suggest that the severity of initial metabolic decompensation in diabetes mellitus type I seems to determine at least in part the duration of remission. PMID- 7042353 TI - Double-blind comparative trial of indoprofen and acetylsalicylic acid in osteoarthritis. AB - The effectiveness, safety and acceptability of indoprofen (IP) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) were assessed in patients with osteoarthritis, in a double-blind comparative trial. Each patient received IP 600 mg/day or ASA 2100 mg/day for a four-week period; after a one-week wash-out period, the same drug was given at a higher dosage (IP 800 or ASA 2800 mg/day) for another four weeks. Seventeen patients on indoprofen and 14 on SAS completed the trial. A significant improvement was obtained with indoprofen in the different parameters measuring pain, from the first treatment period; results were similar at the end of the second period. Results with ASA, at both dosages, appeared less impressive. Two patients on indoprofen and five on ASA complained of side effects. PMID- 7042354 TI - Indoprofen in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Results of a phase IV multiclinic study in 1629 patients. AB - This paper contains a detailed account of the results obtained in 1629 patients with osteoarthritis treated with indoprofen, a recently introduced non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Several traditional objective variables were selected for evaluation of efficacy, and they were shown to be highly correlated. After four weeks' treatment with doses of indoprofen ranging in the great majority of cases from two to four 200 mg tablets daily, highly significant improvement of pain was observed along with amelioration of joint motion as measured with a new arthrogoniometer specially developed for the trial. On a 5 point semiquantitative scale, pain severity decreased on the average ofrom 2.31 (0.03 S.E.M.) to 0.66 (0.02); knee flexion increased on the average from 71.8 (2 . 00) degrees to 93.0 (1.74) (p less than 0.001). These results have confirmed on a much larger scale the conclusions of phase 2 studies. The multiclinic trial disclosed more adverse reactions than those found in phase 3 studies, thus confirming that phase 4 studies are more suitable for supplying information on the acceptance of drugs by practising physicians. The risk/benefit ratio turned out to be very favourable on account of the acceptable frequency of adverse reactions which were mainly confined to the gastrointestinal tract and forced withdrawal in only 6.0% of patients. Untoward clinical events were validated with a new algorithm: their relationship with the drug was in 51.5% probable and 35.6% definite. The results of this study have confirmed the usefulness of indoprofen in the treatment of osteoarthritis. PMID- 7042355 TI - Double-blind multicentre, between patients comparison of two different doses of indoprofen and one of indomethacin in osteoarthritis. AB - Patients suffering from osteoarthritis of the large joints or spine randomly allocated to either of two dose levels of indoprofen (IP, 300 or 600 mg/day) or indomethacin (IM, 75 mg/day). 147 patients were admitted to the trial. Drugs were given for one to three months. Controls for effectiveness and safety were carried out weekly during the first month and thereafter at monthly intervals. All three treatments gave significant improvement in the variables considered for effectiveness, and relief was generally evident from the first month. No significant differences were observed between the two doses of indoprofen and indomethacin. Adverse reactions, considered drug related, were reported by 11.6% of patients in the IP 300 group, 12.5% in the IP 600 group, and 18.7% of patients given indomethacin. PMID- 7042356 TI - Long-term, double-blind, between patients comparison of indoprofen and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Forty-one patients suffering from classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis were randomly allocated to either indoprofen (800 mg/day) or indomethacin (100 mg/day) treatment in a double-blind, comparative long-term study (6 months). Both drugs reduced the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. A marked improvement was generally achieved within the first month and was maintained thereafter. Indoprofen was somewhat better tolerated than indomethacin. PMID- 7042357 TI - Double-blind multicentre, between patients comparison of indoprofen and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis patients under basic steroid treatment. AB - The study was aimed at comparing effectiveness, safety and possible steroid sparing effects of indoprofen (800 mg/day) and indomethacin (100 mg/day), in patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis, in active phase, receiving basic steroid treatment at a fixed, not reducible dosage. Treatments were given in double-blind condition, for 1,3 or 6 months, and 97 patients were evaluated. A significant improvement of baseline conditions was obtained with both drugs in all variables considered for evaluation of effectiveness. The initial steroid dosage could be reduced 72% in the indoprofen group and 53% in the indomethacin group; 50% of the patients receiving indoprofen and 22.4% of those receiving indomethacin stopped steroid intake during the trial. Adverse reactions, considered drug related, were observed in 6.7% of patients in the indoprofen group and 34.1% of those given indomethacin. PMID- 7042358 TI - A study of the possible interaction of indoprofen with hypoglycemic sulfonylureas in diabetic patients. AB - Phenylbutazone was shown to impair tolbutamide metabolism with resulting potentiation of its hypoglycemic effect and increased danger of hypoglycemia. As indoprofen is widely used for treating rheumatic conditions, and in particular osteoarthritis, the possibility that it may increase the effect of sulfonylureas on blood glucose levels has been investigated. Clinical studies have been carried out in 24 patients with osteoarthritis. All of them had maturity-onset diabetes mellitus and were on sulfonylurea drugs (tolbutamide or glipizide). The trials were double-blind and were carried out according to two different experimental designs. Twelve patients were treated with 600 mg/daily of indoprofen for five days and placebo for an equivalent period of time according to a cross-over scheme. Another group of patients was treated with indoprofen for eight days preceded and followed by a four-day placebo treatment. In both studies concomitant treatment with the hypoglycemic drug was maintained with a fixed dosage. No important differences were found between blood glucose levels when the periods of treatment with indoprofen and placebo were compared. Consequently, it is unlikely that indoprofen treatment at the doses employed may interfere at the clinical level with the effect of tolbutamide or glipizide on glucose metabolism. PMID- 7042360 TI - Study of the possible interactions of indoprofen on the diuretic effect of furosemide. AB - Twelve elderly in-patients undergoing chronic furosemide treatment (25 mg/day), with stable diuresis, were admitted to a cross-over, double-blind study to investigate the possible interactions between indoprofen and the diuretic. Indoprofen (200 mg t.i.d.) and identical placebo tablets were administered in randomized sequences for 4 days each. The sequence were preceded by a 4-day run in observation period and followed by a 4-day follow-up. 24-hour urinary volume and the excretion of Na, K and endogenous creatinine were monitored, with serum Na, K, creatinine and creatinine clearance. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured and routine clinical blood chemistry tests and urinalysis were made for safety. The findings of this pilot study suggest that indoprofen does not alter the natriuretic action of furosemide; a tendency was noted towards a reduction of glomerular filtrate and urine volume, but the values after indoprofen were not significantly different from those after placebo. PMID- 7042361 TI - A double-blind evaluation of oral indoprofen versus ASA in osteoarthritic patients: influence on haemostatic parameters and clinical effects. AB - Indoprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, was investigated in a double blind, randomized study in 44 osteoarthritic patients for its influence on haemostatic parameters and therapeutic effects. Twenty-two patients received indoprofen orally, 600 mg daily, and a similar group took acetylsalicylic acid 3 g daily for 21 days. Platelet count, partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time showed no variations. Bleeding time wa prolonged and platelet aggregation reduced by both drugs. The effects of ASA, however, were significantly greater. Indoprofen, unlike ASA, showed almost no residual effect seven days after stopping medication. The therapeutic responses to indoprofen and ASA were comparable. However, adverse reactions (pyrosis and gastric pain) were much more frequent in the ASA group (15 patients) than in the indoprofen group (2 patients). PMID- 7042359 TI - Clinical study of possible interactions between indoprofen and oral anticoagulants. AB - Possible interactions between indoprofen (IP) and Warfarin Na (W) were studied in 18 patients under chronic anticoagulant treatment, according to a cross-over, double-blind design, comparing 600 mg daily of IP with placebo (PL). In all subjects the dosage of W was kept constant throughout the study (21 days). No significant differences were found between IP and PL either on coagulation parameters or on platelet count and platelet adhesiveness. Afte IP a significant decrease in platelet aggregation (induced by ADP and adrenaline) was observed. The results suggest that indoprofen can be administered to patients under anticoagulant treatment, although frequent checks of the coagulation parameters are advisable in these cases. PMID- 7042364 TI - Short-term study of indoprofen in comparison with placebo and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The results of a multicentre, double-blind trial are reported, where the effectiveness and safety of indoprofen (IP) were compared with indomethacin (IM) and placebo (PL), in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. After an initial "wash out" period (3 days), each patient was given each of the three treatments for one week, in randomized sequence. The total dose of indoprofen (tablets) was 800 mg/die and that of indomethacin (capsules) 200 mg/die, in 4 daily doses after the main meals. The evaluation of effectiveness on a cumulative group of 102 cases from 18 centres showed statistically significant differences in favour of both active drugs compared to placebo, based on a series of objectives and subjective criteria. There was no significant difference between IP and IM, but on factorial analysis of correspondences, IP showed a greater difference from placebo. The patient's judgments also suggested that IP (800 mg/die) was slightly more effective than IM (100 mg/die). Adverse reactions were observed in 8.9% of the patients on IM treatment, 3.9% on IP and in 39% on PL. Laboratory variables showed no significant changes in the course of treatment. PMID- 7042362 TI - Double-blind, cross-over, international multicentre investigation of two doses of indoprofen compared with ASA and placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Indoprofen 600 mg or 1000 mg/day, ASA 3600 mg/day and placebo were administered in randomized sequences according to a multiple 4 x 4 latin square design, balancing the treatments, periods and residual effects. Each treatment lasted 7 days. A total of 98 patients suffering from classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis completed the study. Analysis of the effectiveness indicates that both doses of indoprofen and ASA are significantly more active than placebo; indoprofen 1000 mg/day was the treatment preferred in most of the cases. Both doses of indoprofen were better tolerated than ASA. PMID- 7042363 TI - Double-blind cross-over investigation of the effectiveness and safety of two doses of indoprofen compared with an ASA preparation and placebo in patients suffering from osteoarthritis. AB - Eighty patients suffering from osteoarthritis of the large joints were admitted to the study and randomly allocated to a 4-treatment sequence, according to a multiple replication of a 4 x 4 Latin square design, with proper balancing of treatments, of periods and of the residual effects of drugs. Each treatment (indoprofen 300 or 600 mg/day, ASA 1500 + diazepam 6 mg/day, and matching placebo) was administered for 7 days. Examinations were carried out on admission, after a 3-4 day wash-out period, and then repeated at the end of each treatment period. Treatment with active drugs was significantly better than placebo in relieving overall pain, and in patient's and investigator's opinion on effectiveness. Treatment with indoprofen, at both dosages, was preferred more frequently than others. The incidence of adverse events during each period did not seem to depend either on the treatment being given during that period or on the previous one. PMID- 7042365 TI - Indoprofen versus indomethacin and placebo. A double-blind three-way cross-over trial in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Thirty in-patients suffering from classical or definite R.A. were given indoprofen 200 mg q.i.d., indomethacin 25 mg q.i.d. and placebo, according to a 6 line completely balanced block design. Each patient received the three treatments for ten days each. Patients were examined at baseline and after each treatment cycle. Both active drugs were significantly better than placebo on relief of pain, Ritchie index, and number of active, painful and swollen joints, morning stiffness; only indoprofen significantly improved grip strength. No significant differences were found between the two active drugs. The three treatments were well tolerated. PMID- 7042366 TI - Results of a double-blind study with indomethacin and indoprofen, a new non steroidal antirheumatic agent. AB - Indoprofen, a new non-steroidal antirheumatic agent, was tested in a controlled, double-blind, cross-over study versus indomethacin and placebo, in 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The study consisted of three fourteen-day treatment periods. At the end of the trial 14 patients expressed a preference for the indoprofen therapy (200 mg q.i.d.), 10 patients for indomethacin (25 mg q.i.d.) and 5 patients decided in favour of the placebo. Judging from the patients' assessment of spontaneous pain, a complete analgesic effect was observed in 44% of the patients under indoprofen, in 26% under indomethacin and in 13% under placebo. Indoprofen showed good efficacy on all the other parameters measured (Ritchie's index, morning stiffness, number of painful and swollen joints, and grip strength) and good clinical and biological safety. PMID- 7042367 TI - Indoprofen compared with naproxen and placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Thirty-six patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis took part in a double blind controlled cross-over trial, in which they received either indoprofen 800 mg daily, naproxen 500 mg daily, or a matching placebo. Each treatment was administered for two weeks. Indoprofen was shown to be significantly superior as an analgesic and in improving grip strength, and was the drug the patients preferred. Adverse effects were comparable, although indigestion was seen slightly more often during indoprofen treatment. Indoprofen is therefore at least as effective as existing anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis and should be used as an alternative. PMID- 7042368 TI - Double-blind cross-over study of indoprofen versus ibuprofen and placebo in rheumatoid arthritis patients. AB - Thirty patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis were given indoprofen 800 mg/day, ibuprofen 1200 mg/day or placebo in a double-blind cross over trial, for three consecutive 10-day periods. The two drugs were both superior to placeto, intoprofen on more parameters than ibuprofen. Indoprofen was on the whole better than ibuprofen and the difference was statistically significant on pain, grip strength, morning stiffness, patients' preference and investigators' opinion of the therapeutic effect. Both drugs were well tolerated clinically. PMID- 7042369 TI - Three trials of indoprofen. AB - Three trials have been used to document various properties of indoprofen. As a simple analgesic, indoprofen (200 mg) was superior to placebo and at least as effective as aspirin (700 mg). As an anti-inflammatory, indoprofen (200 mg four times daily) was superior to both ibuprofen (300 mg four times daily) and placebo. With regular administration, the effect of indoprofen reached a plateau within 24 hours of the start of treatment. Long term administration confirmed the safety of indoprofen and the overall incidence of side effects was similar to that associated with ibuprofen therapy. Equal numbers of patients were withdrawn from the indoprofen and ibuprofen groups but the reasons for withdrawal were different. Patients were withdrawn from the ibuprofen group because of lack of effect and from the indoprofen group because of gastric side effects. PMID- 7042370 TI - Use of fixed doses of beta blocking drugs in the treatment of hypertension. Randomised study of atenolol and penbutolol. AB - Atenolol 100 mg and penbutolol 40 mg given once a day were both effective in controlling moderate hypertension, as judged by a randomised controlled, double blind trial in 45 patients treated for six weeks. Both drugs significantly reduced the resting supine and erect blood pressures. No serious adverse effects could be attributed to either drug. Bradycardia occurred more frequently with atenolol than with penbutolol. Penbutolol, which possesses intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, may be useful in the treatment of patients in whom some other beta-blocker has failed to bring about adequate control of the blood pressure, despite marked bradycardia. PMID- 7042371 TI - High dose intravenous methylprednisolone "pulse" therapy in patients with rheumatoid disease. Plasma methylprednisolone levels and adrenal function. AB - Twenty seven patients with acute rheumatoid disease who had not previously received systemic corticosteroid therapy were given a pulse(s) of high dose methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPS) intravenously. Of the 27 patients 22 received 1 g MPS once and 5 were given the drug on three consecutive days. Plasma "MP" (total MPS plus hydrolysed methylprednisolone) and cortisol levels were measured at various intervals post infusion. Clinical assessments were made before and at 2 week intervals after each infusion for 12 weeks. Patients showed objective improvement for up to 12 weeks post infusion. Maximum "MP" levels ranging between 16 and 72 mumol/l were obtained after single infusions. In a majority of the patients "MP" concentrations in plasma were reduced to values between 0.12-3.4 mumol/l in 24 h, 0.06 to 0.13 mumol/l in 48 h. Plasma cortisol levels were incompletely suppressed for a few days in all patients, but the drug was removed from plasma and normal adrenal function restored within a fortnight after steroid infusion at the latest. PMID- 7042372 TI - Post-operative pain and inflammatory reaction reduced by injection of a corticosteroid. A controlled trial in bilateral oral surgery. AB - In a controlled crossover study, "identical" surgical procedures, the prophylactic removal of bilateral non-erupted 3rd molar teeth, were performed on two separate occasions in 24 healthy patients. Prior to each procedure, either betamethasone 9 mg (Celeston Chronodose) or placebo was administered intramuscularly, in a randomized fashion. Objective and subjective assessments were recorded for paired comparison of the post-operative course, including swelling, pain, trismus, local temperature, bleeding, wound-healing and preference for treatment. In 23 patients, less swelling occurred when betamethasone was given pre-operatively. The mean reduction on the 3rd and 6th post-operative days was 55% (p less than 0.001) and 69% (p less than 0.001), respectively. Pain assessments (visual analogue scale) were significantly lower after the corticosteroid injection; mean response: 1st evening 17 vs 56 mm, 2nd evening 5 vs 37 mm, and 3rd evening 2 vs 13 mm. No significant correlation between the steroid-induced reduction in swelling and pain could be made. This may indicate that dissociation may exist between pain and other inflammatory events like swelling. No clinically apparent infection or other disturbance of wound-healing was noted after corticosteroid administration. This treatment course was preferred by 23 of the 24 patients. PMID- 7042373 TI - Comparison of labetalol, propranolol and hydralazine in hypertensive out patients. AB - In a randomized cross-over trial the combination labetalol/hydrochlorothiazide was compared with the combination of propranolol/hydralazine/hydrochlorothiazide in 34 uncomplicated hypertensive patients, who were not satisfactorily controlled with hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg alone. The elevated diastolic pressure (D.P.) in 27 patients responded satisfactorily to the labetalol schedule and in 28 patients to the propranolol/hydralazine schedule. No difference was found in the rate of decrease of D.P., nor in the disappearance of hypertension-related complaints. Although the duration of the washout between treatments was at least one month, treatment was significantly more efficacious during the second period. Labetalol pre-treatment especially seemed to enhance the effect of subsequent propranolol/hydralazine administration. Side effects due to therapy were rare and were not related to any particular treatment. The median daily dose of labetalol in responders was 600 mg and that of propranolol/hydralazine 120/60 mg (in both therapies hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg was given in addition). Patients showed a slight preference for the labetalol medication. It is concluded that labetalol/hydrochlorothiazide and propranolol/hydralazine/hydrochlorothiazide are equally satisfactory in the treatment of uncomplicated hypertension. PMID- 7042375 TI - [Animal disease models of labyrinth diseases]. PMID- 7042374 TI - Antigen-independent, IgM-induced antibody responses: requirement for "recurrent" idiotypes. AB - Anti-idiotypic antibodies (a-Id) were produced in syngeneic mice against two monoclonal IgM antibodies of BALB/c origin, TNP. 11 and SP/603. In plaque inhibition tests, using IgM-secreting hybridoma cells and anti-idiotypic antibodies, these two IgM proteins, as well as the anti-TNP myeloma protein MOPC 460 (IgA) were found to carry non-cross-reactive idiotypes. Analysis of the anti trinitrophenyl (TNP) plaque-forming cells (PFC) in BALB/c mice, either normal or immunized with TNP-horse red blood cells, revealed that in addition to the MOPC 460 Id, also the SP/603 Id is recurrent and expressed by a fraction of the anti TNP antibody-secreting cells in all individuals tested. In contrast, the TNP. 11 Id could not be detected in any BALB/c mouse studied. TNP. 11 and SP/603 antibodies were then characterized by their ability to induce an antigen independent anti-TNP response in normal BALB/c mice. While TNP. 11 was found to be inactive, the same titers of SP/603 IgM induced antigen-specific PFC all of which expressed the SP/603 Id, and increased titers of circulating IgM molecules carrying the same Id, suggesting that "recurrent" but not "nonrecurrent" Id are competent in this respect. A fraction of these SP/603-induced, SP/603-positive anti-TNP antibodies also carried MOPC 460 Id, suggesting expression on the same molecule of idiotypic determinants found on independent non-cross-reactive "recurrent" idiotypes. PMID- 7042376 TI - Serum-free culture of resting, PHA-stimulated, and transformed lymphoid cells, including hybridomas. PMID- 7042378 TI - Association of neutral alpha-glucosidase with cytoplasmic granules of peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7042377 TI - Immunological localization of the major architectural protein associated with the nuclear envelope of the Xenopus laevis oocyte. PMID- 7042379 TI - alpha-, beta- and gamma-Crystallins in the regenerating lens of Notophthalmus viridescens. PMID- 7042380 TI - Paraventricular neurones in the rat hypothalamic slice: Lucifer Yellow injection and immunocytochemical identification. AB - Intracellular records were obtained from paraventricular neurones injected with Lucifer Yellow in slices from the rat hypothalamus. Slices containing fluorescent neurones were then serially cut and alternating sections were stained immunocytochemically for vasopressin or oxytocin. Double-labelled cells were found which fluoresced and which had reacted with either vasopressin or oxytocin antiserum. PMID- 7042381 TI - Captopril(SQ 14,225): in vitro and in vivo influence on the proliferative response of rat lymphocytes. AB - Captopril in vitro (50-500 micrograms/ml) increased 3H-TdR incorporation in unstimulated and mitogen-stimulated cultures of rat lymphocytes. Unseparated spleen and lymph node cells of rats orally treated with captopril (50 mg/kg/day x 4)) showed decreased basal and mitogen stimulated 3H-TdR incorporation. The removal of macrophages abrogated this inhibitory effect. Leucine aminopeptidase activity of macrophages was reduced - in vivo and in vitro - by captopril. PMID- 7042382 TI - Interaction of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) with cholinergic stimulation of glucagon secretion. AB - VIP-containing nerve fibers as well as cholinergic nerve fibers have a ubiquitous distribution in the body and both types of nerves have been demonstrated to innervate the pancreatic islets. The present study shows, in the intact, conscious mouse, that VIP and the cholinergic agonist carbachol stimulate glucagon secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore VIP and carbachol were found to exert potentiating interactions on glucagon secretion. These results suggest the existence of an interactive neural regulation of glucagon secretion, exerted by acetylcholine and VIP. PMID- 7042384 TI - Fluorescence dye as monitor of internal pH in Escherichia coli cells. PMID- 7042383 TI - Is there really actin around Xenopus laevis yolk platelets? AB - Our previous immunofluorescence experiments (1) on actin localization in Xenopus development showed a fluorescent halo around Xenopus yolk platelets. This fact suggests the presence of a sort of actin covering of the yolk platelet; we have called this structure the 'actin-shell'. In this work, by the use of a DNase I fluorochrome complex, we were able clearly to demonstrate the presence of the actin-shell around Xenopus yolk platelets. A proposal about the function of the actin-shell is made; its presence could mark the difference between autosynthetic and heterosynthetic eggs. PMID- 7042385 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of cytoplasmic alpha agglutination substance in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7042386 TI - The primary structure of elongation factor G from Escherichia coli. A complete amino acid sequence. PMID- 7042387 TI - Glucose inhibition of the alpha-glucosidase specific for basement membrane and collagen disaccharide units. PMID- 7042388 TI - Modification of histones during the mitotic and meiotic cycle of yeast. PMID- 7042389 TI - Amino acid sequence homologies between Escherichia coli penicillin-binding protein 5 and class A beta-lactamases. PMID- 7042390 TI - Regulation of gluconeogenesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: evidence for conversion of enolase isoenzymes. PMID- 7042391 TI - Enzymatic synthesis of Salmonella O-specific polysaccharide analogs from modified polyprenyl pyrophosphate sugar acceptors. PMID- 7042392 TI - Action of beta-cell tropin on insulin secretion in vivo and on lipid synthesis. PMID- 7042393 TI - Comparison of the equilibrium binding of heavy meromyosin and myosin to F-actin in the presence and absence of the troponin-tropomyosin complex. PMID- 7042394 TI - Regulation of the expression of tufA and tufB, the two genes coding for the elongation factor EF-Tu in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7042395 TI - Measuring naloxone antagonism of discriminative opioid stimulus. AB - The numerous studies of opioids as discriminative stimuli, beginning in 1971, have shown specificity, similarity of several opioids, differences in potency (fentanyl greater than heroin greater methadone greater than morphine), and antagonism by naloxone and naltrexone. The discriminative opioid stimulus is differentiated from those of other classes of drugs, such as sedatives and anxiolytics. Greater potency of the opioid stimulus has been found in rats after subcutaneous (s.c.) than intraperitoneal administration. The discriminative opioid stimulus and its antagonism by naloxone or naltrexone have been demonstrated in rats, squirrel monkeys, gerbils, and pigeons. A few studies have quantified the competitive agonist-antagonist interaction at the receptor by calculating the pA2, which reflects the dose of the antagonist that requires doubling the agonist dose to obtain the original agonist response. The pA2 for naloxone is the same in groups of rats trained to discriminate different doses of morphine (1, 2, or 4 mg/kg s.c.) from saline. Higher pA2 values in tests after fentanyl and methadone than after heroin and morphine in rats trained to discriminate fentanyl (0.04 mg/kg s.c.) from saline reflect greater susceptibility of the synthetic than the natural exogenous opioids to antagonism by naloxone. Different pA2 values are usually interpreted as indicating differences among populations of receptors. PMID- 7042396 TI - Limitations on the antagonistic actions of opioid antagonists. AB - This paper reviews factors that may limit or modify the behavioral actions of opioid antagonists under schedules of operant behavior in laboratory animals. The surmountable antagonism of opioid agonists by the antagonists is limited by the characteristics of both. Decreases in schedule-controlled responding produced by the prototypic agonist morphine are reversed by appropriate doses of antagonists such as naloxone, naltrexone, nalorphine, and cyclazocine. The ability of each antagonist to reverse the behavioral effects of morphine is limited, however, by the doses of agonist and antagonist used. The efficacies of high doses of antagonists are limited by the drugs' direct rate-decreasing actions. There also are differences among agonists in their sensitivity to antagonism. Naloxone and naltrexone are more potent as antagonists of morphine than of cyclazocine under certain conditions. Effective antagonism of the behavioural effects of opioid agonists appears to require entry into the central nervous system, indicated by the ineffectiveness of quaternary naltrexone, a peripherally acting opioid antagonist. The direct behavioral actions of the antagonists also can be modified by pharmacological conditions. The potency of antagonists in decreasing response rates is increased during chronic morphine administration. In addition, supersensitivity to the direct rate-decreasing actions of naloxone and naltrexone may develop after chronic antagonists administration. Such changes in the potency of antagonists also may modify the interactions of agonists and their antagonists. PMID- 7042397 TI - [Medicinal plants in medicine]. PMID- 7042398 TI - [Outstanding therapist V. F. Zelenin and his role in the development of Soviet medicine]. PMID- 7042399 TI - [200th anniversary of the book, "Manual for the People Concerning Their Health"]. PMID- 7042400 TI - ["Behavior" of digestive system organs]. PMID- 7042401 TI - [Mechanisms of central inhibition]. PMID- 7042402 TI - [Dynamics of dopamine-sensitivity of individual neurons in the preoptic area during the estrous cycle]. PMID- 7042403 TI - [Effect of stimulators of sexual function on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system and the fertility of androgenized female rats]. AB - Neonatal androgenization with 15--25 micrograms of testosterone-propyonate makes 43--54% of female rats sterile at puberty. Long-term administration of progesterone, clomiphen, luliberine, prostaglandin E2 induces ovulation but does not improve the fertility. Prostaglandin E2 decreases the amount of luliberine in the median emicnence and arquate nuclei within 30 min and increases the amount of luteinizing hormone in the blood of the control rats, whereas in the androgenized rats prostaglandin E2 is ineffective. According to the authors' hypothesis, a very mobile fraction of luliberine exists in the median emicnence, rapidly released into the portal blood system on stimulation and rather decreased in androgenization. Clomiphen increases the blood level of luteinizing hormone in the evening but its peak is twice as high in normal animals as compared with the androgenized ones. PMID- 7042404 TI - The etched-metal bridge: a new laboratory technique. PMID- 7042405 TI - George S. Monson, DDS. PMID- 7042406 TI - [The bacterial and fungal flora of skin in psoriatic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042407 TI - [Cell distribution in blood and blister fluid in bullous pemphigoid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042408 TI - [Cutaneous cryptococcosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042409 TI - Orthodontics on a magic carpet. PMID- 7042410 TI - Panoramic tomography in arteriography of the maxillofacial region. A methodological and experimental study. PMID- 7042411 TI - Historical background to radiation safety of dental x-ray sets in the English speaking countries. PMID- 7042412 TI - [Develop of localized pemphigoid following radiation treatment (author's transl)]. AB - A case of localized bullous pemphigoid in a 79-year-old woman is reported. The symptoms developed 5 months following radiation treatment of breast cancer. Direct immunofluorescence investigations showed IgG and C3 deposition in the basement membrane zone (BMZ) of lesional skin. Serum BMZ antibodies (IgG, IgM) and C3 deposition were demonstrated. Light microscopic investigation revealed subepidermal blister formation. A cellular infiltrate consisted predominantly of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the upper dermis. Junctional blister formation, located within the lamina lucida of the basement membrane, was confirmed by electron microscopy. Differential diagnoses and various possible etiologies are discussed. PMID- 7042413 TI - Amalgam addition restorations. PMID- 7042415 TI - Induction of hepatic malic enzyme in response to insulin. AB - The activity and quantity of hepatic malic enzyme were determined in diabetic rats at various times after insulin treatment. The increase in activity observed following insulin treatment was accompanied by a similar increase in the quantity of this enzyme, as determined by a specific radioimmunoassay. These results demonstrate that the insulin-mediated increase in malic enzyme activity was due to an increase in the quantity of enzyme and did not involve a modification of existing enzyme molecules. PMID- 7042414 TI - Insulin binding to rat mammary gland at various stages of cell isolation and purification. AB - Epithelial cell-rich fractions of rat mammary gland were prepared using percoll gradients after collagenase dispersion. Their insulin-binding characteristics were similar to those of crude acini but superior to unfractionated isolated cells. Optimal binding was obtained after 60 min at 20 degrees C or 16 h at 4 degree C at pH 7.8 Binding at 37 degrees C was lower due probably to an enhanced rate of insulin degradation. 48 h after ovariectomy of 18-day pregnant rats insulin binding to acini doubled due to an increase in the number of insulin receptors. Progesterone but not bromocriptine (which prevented the rise in serum prolactin which occurred after ovariectomy) prevented this increase in insulin binding. These results illustrate that the change in serum progesterone rather than prolactin increases insulin binding to the mammary cell at parturition whilst insulin binding decreases in adipose tissue at the same time (Flint et al., Mol. Cell Endocrinol, 20, 101-111, 1981) enabling coordinated changes in the metabolism of these 2 tissues to take place during the perinatal period. PMID- 7042417 TI - The regeneration of axolotl limbs covered by frog skin. PMID- 7042416 TI - B-lymphocyte differentiation in Xenopus laevis larvae. PMID- 7042418 TI - The role of the maturation-promoting factor in controlling protein synthesis in Xenopus oocytes. PMID- 7042419 TI - Microcarrier cultures in vascular endothelial research. AB - Endothelial cells isolated from bovine aorta and human umbilical vein were cultured on solid plastic microspheres. The cells were characterised with respect to morphology, growth rates, density-dependent inhibition of growth and synthesis of prostaglandin I2 and were found to behave in all respects as their counterparts cultured in plastic dishes. A cell:bead ratio of 5 at inoculation resulted in confluent monolayer cultures (= 150 cells per bead) within 12 days in stationary culture. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) slightly improved bovine endothelial growth from low inoculation densities. Neither FGF nor fibronectin improved human endothelial growth. Continuous culture of endothelium and sub culture without the use of proteolytic enzymes were demonstrated. The microcarrier system was used for the precise co-cultivation of endothelial cells with arterial smooth muscle cells in order to study cell-cell interactions without cell-cell contact. Cells on microcarriers were maintained in a shallow column perfused by culture medium. Under such conditions, with appropriate stimuli, concentrated products synthetised by endothelium were collected. The microcarrier system allows several important questions in vascular cell biology and pathology to be addressed more readily than is possible with conventional culture techniques. PMID- 7042420 TI - The eucaryotic cell-lipochromosome as a new host-vector system in gene amplification and expression. AB - Although procaryotes such as E. Coli are generally considered to be ideal hosts, able to amplify eucaryotic gene sequences contained within hybrid DNA plasmid molecules (3, 14), recent experimental evidence such as the decreased bacterial viability observed during the cloning of mouse mitochondrial DNA, clearly shows the limitations of this type of approach (6). In addition, major technical difficulties are encountered during the isolation and purification of the specific messenger RNA (mRNA) needed to synthetize the complementary DNA (cDNA) molecule (1, 4). Last but not least, after having screened many different bacterial clones -- provided that the foreign gene product is not toxic for its host -- it is still a question of good luck to get one clone producing adequate quantities of the biologically active protein of interest, free of contaminants. On the other hand, the low but significant frequency with which eucaryotic cells exposed to fragmented DNA molecules or metaphasic chromosomes phenotypically express a particular marker suggests that this approach might offer an alternative to the bacteria-plasmid system used in "classic" genetic engineering (10, 17, 18, 19). It is the purpose of this work to briefly discuss some of the difficulties involved in this approach and to propose solutions. PMID- 7042421 TI - Animal cells or genetically engineered bacteria for the manufacture of particular bioproducts. PMID- 7042422 TI - A quantitative examination of the sources of speech discrimination test score variability. AB - Several sources of variability inherent in any speech discrimination measurement are outlined. Limitations of the use of the binomial theorem to predict intrasubject (test-retest) variability are examined. First, the underestimation of variability that is caused by the inclusion of items of different degrees of difficulty is quantified by a reanalysis of published data. Second, it is shown that variability will be larger than expected if the subject's ability is different during test and retest sessions. Fortuitously, these two deviations from the model have opposing effects on the score variability. The estimates provided by the binomial theorem are thus better than if only one effect was present. The need for a clear distinction to be maintained between inter- and intra-subject variability and the effect of list differences on test-retest variability are also discussed. PMID- 7042423 TI - Tympanostomy tube therapy for otitis media. PMID- 7042424 TI - A computer primer: systems planning. PMID- 7042425 TI - The diabetic leg. AB - Many clinical problems arise as a result of tissue pathology in the diabetic leg. Neuropathic or vascular ischaemic syndromes are readily identified but on occasions differentiation of the two may be difficult. This survey reviews the aetiological background of neuropathy and ischaemia, examines the relationship of physiological blood flow abnormalities to both areas and comments on management of the clinical states encountered, including the common problem of the ulcerated diabetic foot. PMID- 7042426 TI - Low density lipoprotein cholesterol: an association with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. AB - Diurnal profiles of total and lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were measured in 11 insulin-dependent diabetic subjects without retinopathy, 10 with background and 10 with proliferative retinopathy. The groups were closely matched for age and duration of diabetes. Total cholesterol levels were higher in patients with proliferative (5.6 +/- 0.5 mmol/l) than background (5.1 +/- 0.7 mmol/l) or no retinopathy (4.6 +/- 0.8 mmol/l, trend test; p less than 0.003), due to raised levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (3.8 +/- 0.9, 3.2 +/- 0.6 and 2.8 +/- 0.8 mmol/l respectively; p less than 0.02). High density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were similar in patients with and without retinopathy and HDL/LDL ratios were lower with more severe retinopathy (p less than 0.025). Cholesterol levels were similar in diabetic subjects without retinopathy and in 12 normal subjects. Triglyceride levels were not related to retinopathy and no measure of plasma lipids correlated with HbA1 or 24-h mean plasma glucose. Total and LDL cholesterol were weakly inversely correlated with creatinine clearance but the association with retinopathy was independent of this effect. PMID- 7042427 TI - Insulin absorption from the abdomen and the thigh in healthy subjects during rest and exercise: blood glucose, plasma insulin, growth hormone, adrenaline and noradrenaline levels. AB - Insulin was absorbed faster from the abdomen than from the thigh under resting conditions and during exercise. Exercise enhanced the rate of insulin absorption marginally. The fall of blood glucose during rest and exercise was not significantly different after insulin injection into either site. The faster absorption of insulin from the abdomen during rest and exercise was reflected in a sharper rise of serum growth hormone levels and urinary adrenaline excretion. Therefore exercise should not be taken immediately after injection of a large dose of soluble insulin, particularly into the abdomen. PMID- 7042429 TI - Diurnal profiles of plasma magnesium and blood glucose in diabetes. AB - In order to study the relation between plasma magnesium and blood glucose concentrations in diabetes, diurnal profiles were obtained in nine diabetic patients and five healthy subjects. A significant inverse relationship between the two variables was found in seven of the nine diabetic patients and in one healthy subject. This could not be attributed solely to changes in plasma albumin, and its mechanism is unclear. Plasma magnesium levels in diabetes are closely dependent on blood glucose concentration. PMID- 7042428 TI - Safety of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: metabolic deterioration and glycaemic autoregulation after deliberate cessation of infusion. AB - To assess the rate of metabolic deterioration and potential risks of failure of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion during basal insulin delivery, we deliberately stopped infusion in nine insulin dependent diabetics. Plasma glucose, blood 3-hydroxybutyrate and plasma free insulin were measured for 9 h whilst the patients remained supine and fasting. Mean plasma glucose remained unchanged at normal fasting levels for the first hour, then rose to plateau at about 10 mmol/l until the end of the experiment. The final plateau level of glucose varied from patient to patient; two C-peptide secreting diabetics plateaued at low glucose levels. In contrast, blood 3-hydroxybutyrate rose progressively, without plateauing. PLasma free insulin concentrations fell during the withdrawal period and there was a highly significant negative correlation between free insulin and 3-hydroxybutyrate. No patient was more than mildly unwell after 9 h of insulin deprivation. We conclude that under these experimental conditions there is glycaemic autoregulation and that ketones may sometimes be a more appropriate monitor of insulin deficiency or loss of diabetic control than is glucose. Accidental failure of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and interruption of basal delivery in resting and fasting diabetics will probably not cause dangerous metabolic or clinical deterioration. PMID- 7042430 TI - Effect of acute hyperglycaemia on plasma potassium and aldosterone levels in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. AB - Potassium homeostasis during a 50-g oral glucose tolerance test was studied in 14 newly diagnosed, untreated Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetics. They showed a rise in plasma potassium from a mean +/- SEM basal of 3.9 +/- 0.1 to 4.4 +/- 0.1 mmol/l at 60 min and to 4.6 +/- 0.1 mmol/l at 90 min (p less than 0.01), whereas no change was seen in a group of 14 normal subjects. A possible role of mineralocorticoids was sought by measuring simultaneous serum aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone levels. Aldosterone was reduced after the glucose load in all subjects studied, falling to 73% of basal at 60 min in diabetics (p less than 0.01), and to 61% of basal at 90 min in normal subjects (p less than 0.001). Serum deoxycorticosterone showed a similar pattern. Thus it is unlikely that the rise in plasma potassium seen in the diabetic patients was due to abnormal levels of mineralocorticoids. Since the diabetic subjects were found to have an intact insulin response to the glucose load, it is suggested that resistance to insulin stimulated potassium uptake into cells might be involved in the pathogenesis of the paradoxical hyperkalaemia induced by acute hyperglycaemia. PMID- 7042431 TI - Potassium ion concentration alters glucagon secretion independently of insulin secretion in the isolated rat pancreas. AB - In the arginine-stimulated perfused rat pancreas, elevated concentrations of potassium ion inhibited glucagon secretion while stimulating the secretion of insulin. Decreased potassium ion produced the reverse effect. The observed inverse correlation between changes in insulin and glucagon secretion (r = -0.64; p less than 0.001) was suggestive of local interactions between islet hormones, and prompted us to determine whether potassium-induced changes in glucagon secretion were dependent upon concurrent changes in insulin release. We found that when insulin secretion was greatly suppressed, either through acute induction of diabetes with streptozotocin or by utilization of a glucose-free perfusate, no qualitative differences in glucagon responsiveness to altered potassium ion were evident, although the amplitude of these glucagon changed was enhanced. Similarly, when exogenous insulin (20,000 mU/l) was added to the perfusate in order to render potassium-induced changes in endogenous insulin secretion insignificant, glucagon responsiveness to altered potassium ion was maintained. Exogenous insulin alone had no effect on arginine-stimulated glucagon secretion. We conclude that any indirect effects of potassium ion on arginine stimulated glucagon secretion are not mediated by insulin, but could be related to changes in somatostatin secretion. PMID- 7042432 TI - Insulin effect in chronic alcoholics during alcohol withdrawal. AB - Insulin effect was investigated in 20 chronic alcoholics by use of an insulin and glucose infusion which suppressed endogenous insulin secretion. It was found that the effect of insulin was lower during the first week than the second week of alcohol withdrawal. PMID- 7042433 TI - [Active chronic hepatitis and insulin resistance: possible role of glucagon, GH and free fatty acids]. PMID- 7042434 TI - [Cardiac electrostimulation in childhood: A-V blocks]. PMID- 7042435 TI - [A poligraph study of the left ventricular function in cirrhotic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042436 TI - [Dynamic ECG evaluation of the activity of long-acting isosorbide dinitrate in patients with unstable angina (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042437 TI - [Radical surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot: comparison between the effects of isoproterenol in IPPV and spontaneous-ventilation after surgical treatment (author's transl)]. AB - The AA. studied 7 patients affected by Tetralogy of Fallot; their ages were between 4 and 20 years. At the end of the radical surgical correction we studied their haemodynamics. From the analysis of the data we found that using beta agonist drugs (Isuprel 0.05 mcg x Kg x min) there were no change in the haemodynamic data when the patients were kept under positive pressure ventilation. In spontaneous ventilation we observed that the same data can raise the cardiac index of 22%, lower the total peripheral resistances (20%) and the pulmonary vascular resistances (8%) and the intrapulmonary shunt (8%). PMID- 7042438 TI - [Interrelationships between the hemostatic system and the prostaglandin system in the pathogenesis of ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 7042439 TI - [Ischemic cardiopathy in women]. PMID- 7042441 TI - [20th century medicine and its future projections. I. Introduction]. PMID- 7042440 TI - [Clinical use of proteolytic enzymes in bronchopulmonary pathology]. PMID- 7042442 TI - [20th century medicine and its future projections. II. Antecedents. Pre scientific medicine]. PMID- 7042443 TI - [20th century medicine and its future projections. III. Health, society and politics]. PMID- 7042444 TI - [20th century medicine and its future projections. IV. Essential features of 20th century medicine]. PMID- 7042445 TI - [A unifying culture in Oaxaca]. PMID- 7042446 TI - Prevention of tumor promoter-mediated inhibition of preadipocyte differentiation by dexamethasone. AB - A clonal cell line of murine fibroblast (ST 13) undergoes a terminal differentiation into adipose cells in culture. A tumor promoter, 12-O tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), reversibly inhibited the differentiation of ST 13 preadipocytes. The inhibition of differentiation was accompanied by changes in cell morphology and growth properties and by suppression of cellular insulin binding activity. Dexamethasone (DXM) could prevent the inhibition by TPA of preadipocyte differentiation, concomitant with prevention of the morphological changes and an increase in insulin binding activity. TPA-induced plasminogen activator (PA) secretion and DXM-mediated inhibition of PA activity could not be correlated with inhibition/prevention-of-inhibition of differentiation. PMID- 7042447 TI - Mutagenicity of 4-aminoazobenzene, N-hydroxy-4-aminoazobenzene, 4 nitrosoazobenzene, 4-nitroazobenzene, and their ring methoxylated derivatives on Salmonella. AB - The mutagenicities of 4-aminoazobenzene (AAB), N-hydroxy-4-aminoazobenzene, 4 nitroazobenzene, and their 2-, 3-, 4'-methoxyl and 2,5-dimethoxyl derivatives, and 2- and 3-methoxy-4-nitrosoazobenzene were examined on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The activities of AAB dyes upon S-9 metabolic activation were related to their carcinogenic activities in the rat. The potent carcinogen 3 methoxy-AAB was a potent mutagen for both tester strains. The moderate or weak carcinogens 4'-methoxy-AAB and AAb were moderate or weak mutagens for one or both of the tester strains. The non-carcinogens 2-methoxy-AAB and 2,5-dimethoxy-AAB were non-mutagenic. In contrast to AAB dyes, N-hydroxy-AAB dyes showed greater mutagenicity than the mother AAB dyes, without S-9 treatment. 4-Nitroazobenzene dyes and 4-nitrosoazobenzene dyes showed mutagenicity without S-9 treatment, and the activities were related to those of the corresponding N-hydroxy-AAB dyes. All 4-nitroazobenzene dyes were mutagenic in the presence of S-9, suggesting the production of mutagens other than N-hydroxy-AAB dyes by the S-9 treatment. The cytotoxicity of azo dyes to bacteria had no apparent relation to the mutagenic activity of the azo dyes. Incubation of 4-nitroazobenzene dyes with TA100 bacteria yielded N-hydroxy-AAB dyes. The synthesis and properties of new N hydroxy-AAB dyes, 4-nitroazobenzene dyes and 4-nitrosoazobenzene dyes are described. PMID- 7042448 TI - Prostacyclin content of gastric and duodenal biopsies. PMID- 7042449 TI - Plasma human pancreatic polypeptide response in chronic pancreatitis. AB - The changes of plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and the relationship between PP response and exocrine pancreatic function in chronic pancreatitis are reported. In 260 healthy control subjects, plasma PP levels increased gradually with aging. Basal levels of PP in 30 patients with chronic pancreatitis were significantly lowered in comparison with age matched control subjects (control 95.0 +/- 10.3 pg/ml, chronic non-calcifying pancreatitis 45.0 +/- 7.3 pg/ml, chronic calcifying pancreatitis 40.4 +/- 6.0 pg/ml). Plasma PP response by insulin induced hypoglycemia, test meal ingestion, and pancreozymin-secretion represented a significant decrease in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Additionally, maximum PP response, especially in pancreozymin-secretin injection, had a good correlation with exocrine pancreatic function. These results suggest that the determination of plasma PP response is useful for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7042451 TI - Jejunal rupture by Sengstaken-Blakemore tube. PMID- 7042450 TI - Insulin and glucagon concentrations in the portal and peripheral blood in liver injured and partially hepatectomized rats. AB - Insulin and glucagon concentrations in the peripheral and portal circulation were comparatively determined during 48 hours following partial hepatectomy and hepatotoxin treatment. Insulin and glucagon levels both in the peripheral and portal blood increased 24 hours after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and D galactosamine administrations, when nearly maximum degree of liver injury has been occurred. Thereafter glucagon continued to rise further, but insulin diminished sharply at the 48th hour of the hepatotoxin treatment. In partially hepatectomized rats, glucagon levels both in the peripheral and portal blood increased to a greater extent but insulin only in the portal circulation slightly elevated. The liver under repaired process of acute CCl4 and galactosamine liver injuries can not uptake glucagon from the portal blood, but the regenerating liver following partial hepatectomy showed the increased uptake of glucagon as well as insulin. Different behaviors of glucagon uptake by the liver under these experimental conditions may support our previous observations that repair process of liver injury is pathophysiologically different from liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy. PMID- 7042452 TI - Development of intestinal regulatory peptides in the human fetus. AB - The time of first appearance and subsequent development of eight regulatory peptides in the small and large intestine of human fetuses has been investigated. Gastrin, secretin, motilin, gastric inhibitory peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, enteroglucagon, and somatostatin were first detected as early as 8 wk of age, while neurotensin was only demonstrated at 12 wk. Adult patterns of distribution were established by 20 wk of age. Of the peptides examined only vasoactive intestinal peptide was localized to nerve fibers and these were seen clearly in the myenteric plexus at the 12-wk fetal stage and in the later fetuses in both the enteric plexuses. The concentrations of regulatory peptides increased steadily until term when they were close to adult levels. Secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide showed only a single molecular size species by gel permeation chromatography but the other peptides showed multiple peaks, the ratios tending to change through the gestational period in favor of the smaller molecular sized moieties. Thus the regulatory peptide system of the gut is present in th early fetus and its role in the process of maturation requires investigation. PMID- 7042453 TI - Periodic selection, infectious gene exchange and the genetic structure of E. coli populations. AB - As a consequence of sequential replacements by clones of higher fitness (periodic selection), bacterial populations would be continually purged of genetic variability, and the fate of selectively neutral alleles in very large populations of bacteria would be similar to that in demes of sexually reproducing organisms with small genetically effective population sizes. The significance of periodic selection in reducing genetic variability in these clonally reproducing species is dependent on the amount of genetic exchange between clones (recombination). In an effort to determine the relationship between the rates of periodic selection, recombination and the genetically effective sizes of bacterial populations, a model for periodic selection and infectious gene exchange has been developed and its properties analyzed. It shows that, for a given periodic selection regime, genetically effective population size increases exponentially with the rate of recombination.--With the parameters of this model in the range anticipated for natural populations of E. coli, the purging effects of periodic selection on genetic variability are significant; individual populations or lineages of this bacterial species would have very small genetically effective population sizes.--Based on this result, some other a priori considerations and a review of the results of epidemiological and genetic variability studies, it is postulated that E. coli is composed of a relatively limited number of geographically widespread and genetically nearly isolated and monomorphic lineages. The implications of these considerations of the genetic structure of E. coli populations on the interpretation of protein variation and the neutral gene hypothesis are discussed. PMID- 7042454 TI - Mutational specificity of ultraviolet light in Escherichia coli with and without the R plasmid pKM101. AB - Plasmid pKM101 provides UV protection and increases the frequency of spontaneous and UV-induced mutations in Escherichia coli. By analyzing reversion patterns of defined trpA alleles, we showed that pKM101 altered the mutational specificity of UV-induced mutations. Certain UV-induced base-pair substitutions were strongly enhanced, while others were decreased in frequency in the presence of pKM101. This result suggests an interaction between cellular misrepair and an error-prone repair function(s) provided by pKM101. We have also examined UV mutational specificity in the absence of pKM101 and found the following: (1) UV preferentially enhances missense, as well as nonsense, intergenic suppressor mutations; (2) UV causes all possible base-pair substitutions as well as frameshift mutations; (3) G . C base pairs are more susceptible to UV mutagenesis than a . T base pairs at the same nucleotide positions; and (4) UV-induced mutations can occur at nucleotide positions that are not part of pyrimidine pyrimidine sequences. PMID- 7042455 TI - Selective abortion of two nonsister nuclei in a developing ascus of the hfd-1 mutant in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A recessive mutation, hfd1-1, in strain SOS4 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae leads the mutant cells to produce predominantly two-spored asci. Light microscopical examination of Giemsa-stained cells revealed no significant differences in the meiotic figures between mutant and wild-type strains. However, only two of the four meiotic products in a developing ascus matured to ascospores in SOS4. Dyad analysis was carried out on an hfd1-1 mutant strain heterozygous for three markers, asp5, gal1, and arg4, which are closely linked to their centromeres, and for his4, which is loosely linked to its centromere. The two-spored asci produced by the hfd1-1 mutant segregated dominant (+) and recessive (-) alleles of each marker in a 1:1 ratio; they generally contained one + and one - spore for any given marker. The occurrence of rare dyads with two + or two - spores can be explained quantitatively by recombination between the marker and its centromere. From the results of these cytological and genetical analyses, we infer that, in the mutant strain, one genome set is partitioned to each of the four second meiotic division poles, but only two nonsister genomes are incorporated into mature spores. Thus, the hfd1-1 mutation in SOS4 blocks incorporation of two nonsister nuclei into mature ascospores, but does not block enclosure of the remaining two nonsister nuclei. PMID- 7042456 TI - Nonpharmacologic treatment of hypertension: a review. PMID- 7042457 TI - An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: theoretical considerations and preliminary results. AB - The practice of mindfulness meditation was used in a 10-week Stress Reduction and Relaxation Program to train chronic pain patients in self-regulation. The meditation facilitates an attentional stance towards proprioception known as detached observation. This appears to cause an "uncoupling " of the sensory dimension of the pain experience from the affective/evaluative alarm reaction and reduce the experience of suffering via cognitive reappraisal. Data are presented on 51 chronic pain patients who had not improved with traditional medical care. The dominant pain categories were low back, neck and shoulder, and headache. Facial pain, angina pectoris, noncoronary chest pain, and GI pain were also represented. At 10 weeks, 65% of the patients showed a reduction of greater than or equal to 33% in the mean total Pain Rating Index (Melzack) and 50% showed a reduction of greater than or equal to 50%. Similar decreases were recorded on other pain indices and in the number of medical symptoms reported. Large and significant reductions in mood disturbance and psychiatric symptomatology accompanied these changes and were relatively stable on follow-up. These improvements were independent of the pain category. We conclude that this form of meditation can be used as the basis for an effective behavioral program in self regulation for chronic pain patients. Key features of the program structure, and the limitations of the present uncontrolled study are discussed. PMID- 7042458 TI - Stress, adaptation, and immunity: studies in humans. AB - The notion that some combination of excessive "stress" and inadequate coping may increase susceptibility to illness has long been part of our conventional wisdom. Yet, until recently, there have been few data to support this contention. During the past decade, the relationship between stress, adaptation, and human immunity has come under closer scrutiny. There is now considerable evidence that certain types of experimental and naturally-occurring stress are associated with alterations of human cellular immune function. Furthermore, these observed changes generally are immunosuppressive. However, the mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. Critical factors in the stress-adaptation-immunity relationship are: the duration and proximity of the stressor, the adaptive capacity of the individual, and the differential effects of certain stressors on immunologic components. PMID- 7042459 TI - Behavioral--physiological factors in the development and management of cancer. AB - Recent clinical and animal model studies have demonstrated an effect of behavioral variables on the course of cancer. Unrelieved anxiety, helplessness, depression, and the inability to modulate the expression of anger have been implicated as specific predictors of poor prognosis. The endocrinological sequelae of these emotional states may affect certain parameters of cell-mediated immunity involved in host resistance to neoplasia. Both corticosteroids and catecholamines are likely mediators of behavioral effects on immunological function. Hormonal variations may also affect growth of tumors directly, or through nonimmunological tissue specific mechanisms. Behavioral interventions based on elicitation of the relaxation response provide a means of influencing affective and physiological states that may have particular relevance to cancer. Practice of such interventions reduces anxiety and provides a substrate for coping that enhances the patient's sense of control. Such "immunization" against helplessness can forestall depression. Physiological effects of such behavioral interventions occur both on a direct and an indirect level. Elicitation of the relaxation response per se produces physiological alterations consistent with decreased arousal of the sympathetic nervous system. Furthermore, by reducing fear and helplessness, physiological changes related to such dysphoric states may be minimized PMID- 7042460 TI - Current status of milieu psychiatry. AB - Appreciation of the role of milieu in psychiatry has waxed and waned in response to various scientific, ideologic, and social pressures. In this review, historical trends in the use of environment in treatment of mental illness are integrated with social science and empirical research studies of milieu. While the insights of social scientists of the prepsychotropic drug era helped sensitize psychiatry to deleterious effects of hospitalization, the 1960s saw development of a schism between an antipsychiatry movement and a defensive medical reaction, now critical of the excesses and claims of proponents of milieu treatment methods. Recent research studies, however, have begun to document significant effects of milieu upon treatment outcomes, suggesting an opportunity for renewed collaboration between social scientists and hospital psychiatrists. The importance of directing future research efforts toward more specific parameters of milieu in interaction with different diagnoses or patient populations is discussed. PMID- 7042461 TI - [Para-aminobenzoic acid intensification of DNA repair processes in Escherichia coli K-12]. AB - Studies of the role of physiologically active natural compound, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in genetic processes showed that PABA interacts with bacterial DNA and strongly increases the effectiveness of repair processes under the mutagenic action of NMU, NEU, MMS and EMS. These properties of PABA differentially depended on the activity of enzymatic systems fo DNA repair and were most pronounced in repair-proficient strains of Escherichia coli. For example, the cooperative action of E. coli (wild type) of both NMU and PABA led to enhanced viability (13 100 times higher) and decreased the rate of induced reversions (5-60 times lower), in comparison with mutagenic action of "pure" NMU. Therefore, the specific function of PABA was called "reparagenic" and PABA itself "reparagen". UV-spectroscopy and nuclear-magnetic resonance were used to have revealed that PABA does not interact with MMS and NMU in vitro and does not change the rate of the mutagen's hydrolysis. Used in a wide range of concentrations, PABA induces no mutations in bacterial cells and does not increase the rate of genetic recombination. The discovery of the role of PABA in repair process opens up the possibility of examining the interaction between the DNA in a complex with reparagen as well as the dominant and recessive genes of the repair process. PMID- 7042462 TI - [Genetic activity of para-aminobenzoic acid. The intensification of DNA polymerase I-dependent repair induced by chemical mutagens in toluene-treated Escherichia coli cells]. AB - Alkylatio of Escherichia coli DNA that have been made permeable to nucleotides by toluene treatment results in the expression of DNA polymerase I-directed repair synthesis. The system only permits measurement of DNA polymerase I-directed repair synthesis. The latter is not observed in mutant cells deficient in this polymerase. DNA ligation is intentionally prevented by the addition of the inhibitor, nicotinamide mononucleotide. MNU, ENU and MMS elicit DNA polymerase I directed repair synthesis. MNU and MMS are especially potent in this regard, while EMS is a poor inducer of DNA polymerase I activity in permeabilized cells. The natural compound para-aminobenzoic acid itself (0,0002 mM - 20 mM) doesn't induce DNA polymerase I-directed repair synthesis. However, when PABA is used in complex with alkylating agents as the inducers, the repair synthesis increased 2,0, 1,2 and 2,8 times for MNU, ENU and EMS, respectively, as compared to that elicited by "pure" mutagens. The increasing of DNA repair synthesis in permeabilized bacteria in the experiments with PABA may serve as the foundation for its reparagenic activity. The latter was discovered previously by the authors in experiments on mutagenesis of bacterial cells. PMID- 7042464 TI - [The origin and development of the concept of childhood hysteria]. PMID- 7042465 TI - [The interdiction of Gall]. PMID- 7042463 TI - Recombinant plasmids carrying the glutamate dehydrogenase structural gene from Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Plasmid pRSP1, isolated from the Escherichia coli gene bank of Clarke and Carbon (1975), has been shown to complement the gdh-1 mutation that affects the synthesis of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in the E. coli strain PA340. The GDH structural gene of E. coli is present on a 2.3-Md DNA fragment from the hybrid plasmid pRSP1 and certain of its derivatives. Polypeptides synthesized by minicells carrying some of these plasmids, enabled us to make a preliminary determination of the direction of transcription of the gdh gene on the cloned fragments. PMID- 7042466 TI - [75 years of the Gynecologic and Obstetric Society of French Switzerland - 70 years of the Gynecologic Society of German Switzerland]. PMID- 7042467 TI - [W.L. Gaines, precursor of the concept of the neuroendocrine reflex]. PMID- 7042468 TI - [Vogt's "Manual and Atlas of Slit-lamp Microscopy of the Living Eye"]. PMID- 7042469 TI - [The Antonius Hospital in Brig]. PMID- 7042470 TI - [British hospitals and outpatient clinics as clinical and research centers 1720 1820]. PMID- 7042471 TI - [The handicapped in Herten]. PMID- 7042472 TI - [The development of Swiss hospitals and sanitariums in comparison with neighboring countries]. PMID- 7042473 TI - [Medieval ophthalmology at the monastery of St. Gall]. PMID- 7042474 TI - [Disease and religious taboos--the leper in medieval to early 16th century European society]. PMID- 7042475 TI - [Characteristics of German hospitals from 1780 to 1930 with reference to Swiss models]. PMID- 7042476 TI - [Hospitalization and quarantine in times of plague-Switzerland compared to upper Italy]. PMID- 7042477 TI - [From the eye hospital to the University Eye Clinic in Basel]. PMID- 7042478 TI - [The first decade of the Jenner Children's Hospital in Bern]. PMID- 7042479 TI - [History of the hospitals of Winterthur]. PMID- 7042480 TI - [The path of Swiss psychiatry in the 20th century. Trends and new tasks in the historical literature in the light of 1970-1980 activity]. PMID- 7042482 TI - [Endemic diseases and the body's internal environment]. PMID- 7042481 TI - A dose-response study of oral atenolol administered once daily in patients with raised intra-ocular pressure. AB - Oral atenolol (25, 50 and 100mg) and placebo administered once daily were tested in a double-masked, randomized cross-over study. Ten patients (18 eyes) who had untreated intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than or equal to 22 mm Hg participated. A fall in IOP was observed 2 h after administration, with a mean maximum after 2-5 h. The decrease in IOP was dose-dependent and persisted 24 h during treatment with the higher doses. After 7-day treatment a significant decrease in IOP was still noted 24 h after intake of 50 and 100 mg. The mean maximum decrease in IOP was observed at the same time as on day 1, but the fall in IOP was slightly diminished. During the treatment period a reduction in pulse rate was seen with all the doses tested. A fall in systemic blood pressure was also observed with the higher doses. Two patients reported side effects that could be related to haemodynamic influence. PMID- 7042485 TI - Prevention of ethanol and aspirin-induced gastric mucosal lesions by paracetamol and salicylate in rats: role of endogenous prostaglandins. AB - Paracetamol or sodium salicylate given intragastrically 30 minutes before the administration of absolute ethanol or acidified aspirin dose-dependently reduced the formation of mucosal lesions. The generation of gastric mucosal prostaglandin like activity increased with ethanol and was completely suppressed by acidified aspirin. Paracetamol or sodium salicylate given alone increased the generation of mucosal prostaglandin-like material. Indomethacin, the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, suppressed this effect and inhibited the protective influence of paracetamol or sodium salicylate on the production of gastric lesions. PMID- 7042484 TI - Liver disease after bone marrow transplantation. AB - Liver dysfunction occurs after bone marrow transplantation but the relative importance of graft versus host disease and other factors, such as infection, radiation, and drugs, has not been clearly established. We have studied liver status before and after bone marrow transplantation in 43 consecutive patients and have related this to survival and factors that are recognised to cause liver injury. Minor abnormalities of liver tests occurred in 21% of patients before grafting but this did not influence survival or the development of liver disease after transplantation. During the first 50 days after grafting, 83% of patients had abnormal liver tests which were more severe in patients who subsequently died. Alanine transaminase was significantly higher in non-survivors and appeared to predict survival early after transplantation. Only non-survivors developed clinical signs of liver disease. Severe liver disease was always associated with graft versus host disease and atypia of the small bile ducts was the most useful histological marker of hepatic involvement with this disease. Two of the patients with hepatic graft versus host disease also has hepatic veno-occlusive disease and three fatalities had opportunistic infection of the liver, although, in the latter, death was not due primarily to liver dysfunction. Previous hepatitis and androgen therapy could not be implicated as important causes of hepatic damage but chemotherapy for acute leukaemia and conditioning regimens for bone marrow transplantation appear to be the most important factors in the development of hepatic veno-occlusive disease. PMID- 7042483 TI - Immunity to cytopathic agents associated with Crohn's disease: a negative study. AB - Serum and peripheral blood lymphocytes from 10 patients with Crohn's disease and 10 healthy subjects were examined for immunological reactivity against chick embryo cell cultures displaying cytopathic effects after inoculation with 0.2 micro filtrates prepared from Crohn's disease intestinal tissues. Although the assay systems (indirect immunofluorescence, lymphocyte transformation, and cytotoxicity) yielded positive results using well-characterized cytopathic viruses (mumps, measles), neither Crohn's disease nor healthy subjects showed immune reactivity to the chick embryo cell cultures inoculated with Crohn's disease intestinal tissues in any of the assay systems. These experiments provide evidence against the hypothesis that the in vitro cytopathic effect on chick embryo cell cultures produced by Crohn's disease intestinal filtrates are caused by a replicating virus or viruses. PMID- 7042486 TI - Comparison between cimetidine and Caved-S in the treatment of gastric ulceration, and subsequent maintenance therapy. AB - One hundred patients with benign gastric ulceration were treated in a single blind, endoscopically controlled trial to assess the relative efficacy of cimetidine (1 g daily) and Caved-S (six tablets daily). Ulcer healing was assessed after six weeks' treatment, and, if incomplete, after a further six weeks. There was no significant difference between the two drug regimens (approximately 63% at six weeks and 91% at 12 weeks). If an ulcer remains unhealed after 10 weeks' treatment the patient should undergo surgery. There was no difference in the relief of day pain between the two drug regimens but cimetidine was more effective over the first two weeks of treatment relieving night pain, than was Caved-S (p less than 0 . 02). After ulcer healing, drug dosage was reduced (cimetidine to 400 mg at night and Caved-S to two tablets twice daily). So far, 56 patients, 28 in each group, have completed the first year's maintenance treatment, and there have been four ulcer recurrences in each group (14%). PMID- 7042487 TI - [The toxic shock syndrome]. PMID- 7042488 TI - [Hormone therapy in the postmenopausal period. Balancing benefits and risks]. PMID- 7042489 TI - [Pregnancy and puerperium after treated hyperprolactinemia]. PMID- 7042491 TI - [Primary thrombosis of the brachiocephalic veins]. PMID- 7042490 TI - [Prevention and therapy of urinary tract infections after gynecologic and obstetric surgery]. PMID- 7042492 TI - [Shigellosis in pediatric wards]. PMID- 7042493 TI - [On the etiology of cryptogenic cirrhosis]. PMID- 7042494 TI - [Nobel prize winners in medicine--1981 (Torsten Wiesel, David Hubel)]. PMID- 7042496 TI - A critique of some recently proposed paleogene primate taxa and suggested relationships. AB - The Paleocene mammal from China, Petrolemur brevirostre, is almost certainly not a primate but possibly an early artiodactyl. "Teilhardina americana", described in 1976, is not Teilhardina found in North America but part of the Anemorhysis tenuiculus sample. The genera "Aycrossia" and "Strigorhysis" are the same, single species of Absarokius. The genus "Gazinius" is the same as Anaptomorphus. The cladistics of primate relationships by some authors are based on either embryologically and paleontologically unacceptable dental homologies or assumptions of bizarre character polarities and of numerous parallelisms, unsupported by any evidence. PMID- 7042495 TI - Pleistocene Macaca from Hoxne, Suffolk, England. AB - Pleistocene macaque remains are uncommon in Great Britain. In addition to three specimens previously known from three sites, four teeth from Hoxne, Suffolk are recorded here. Closely resembling teeth of modern Macaca sylvanus (Barbary ape), they were recovered from a Middle Pleistocene stratum containing stone artifacts (including handaxes) and fauna including cold-climate lemmings. PMID- 7042498 TI - [Epidemiology and etiology of tuberculosis since Robert Koch. A complex combination of causes requires complex strategies for tuberculosis control]. PMID- 7042497 TI - Use of radiographs in the forensic autopsy. AB - The X-ray examination of corpses is a most useful tool in the field of medicolegal diagnosis. Sometimes the cause of death can already be seen before autopsy. The following modes of application are reviewed: search for foreign bodies, identification of poison, air-embolism, pneumothorax, air-filled lungs and gastro-intestinal organs in newborns, diagnosis of tuberculosis in corpses, visibility of hidden fractures, structure of bones as a factor of biomechanical load capacity, identification and determination of age and experimental research with corpses. PMID- 7042499 TI - [BCG vaccination during changes in preventive strategies]. PMID- 7042500 TI - [Obstructive airway diseases. Basic therapy with pure theophylline in retard form]. PMID- 7042501 TI - [Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis with cefamandole before appendectomy. A prospective randomized double-blind study]. AB - In a prospective randomized double blind study, prophylactic cefamandol therapy was compared to placebos before appendectomy. 25 of 220 patients had to be excluded. The overall infection rate was reduced from 13,1% (1977/78) to 7,6% (1979/80). The infection rate differed in both groups (antibiotic and placebo) only for perforated appendices significantly. If there was a wound infection, the hospital stay of the treatment group was significantly reduced to the placebo group (p less than 0,0005). Predisposing factors for wound infection are leucocytosis greater than 12 000, anamnesis greater than 24 hours, operation time greater than 45 minutes. PMID- 7042502 TI - [Therapy of the orthostatic syndrome. Studies using dimepropion-HCI]. AB - We treated 30 patients between 22 to 30 years of age, who showed static labile circulatory disturbances of blood pressure. We carried out a double blind study following a two week schedule using for treatment an "indirect" sympathomimeticum Dimepropion-HCI. Control of therapy was achieved by a testing program which consisted in measuring systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as the pulse rate. Also, we employed a flickers-fusion-test. Circulation parameters were measured in one-minute-intervals during three periods of 7 minutes each, patients changing from rest to stress (standing up) to rest again. The pulse rate was measured during the fourth minute of each of the three periods. Success of treatment was achieved by reducing the cardiovascular disturbances during upright conditions. The amplitude was broadened, while the pulse rate went up only slightly. The level of flicker fusion rose, indicating heightened physical and mental shape. Side effects of disturbed orthostasis disappeared. PMID- 7042503 TI - [Infrared contact coagulation for hemostasis in liver and spleen]. AB - With infrared contact coagulation (ICC) hemostasis of hepatic and splenic tissue is achieved by coagulation and mechanic compression of the bleeding surface. Thus, an eventual loss of energy due to a thick layer of blood can be avoided. After coagulation, the anti-adhesive effect of the cap of the ICC device prevents fresh bleeding. After experimental incisions on liver and spleen of various animal species hemostasis could be achieved quickly by application of ICC. Postoperative observation and histologic investigations were carried out until the 80th postoperative day. Hemostasis was observed in all cases, there were no signs of recidivant bleeding at relaparotomy. A slow absorption f necrotic tissue was observed. This could be a disadvantage regarding long term wound healing. PMID- 7042504 TI - [Glomerulonephritis over the change of time. Considerations on 40 years of nephrology]. PMID- 7042505 TI - [Bilateral stage nephrectomy as a preparation for kidney transplantation]. AB - The indication for nephrectomy prior to kidney transplantation has changed. Contrary to the formerly in nearly all transplantation centres practiced one-time two-sided nephrectomy, at present the removal of the patient's own kidneys prior to transplantation is done only if strictly indicated. In contrast to other transplantation centres which, if indicated, still today carry out bilateral nephrectomy prior to transplantation is done only if strictly indicated. In contrast to other transplantation centres which, if indicated, still today carry out bilateral nephrectomy prior to transplantation, since 1977 the transplantation centre of Munich prefers the two-time bilateral nephrectomy. Technique, surgical approach, indication and results of our method are presented. In the course of the discussion the disadvantages of the one-time bilateral nephrectomy are opposed to the advantages of the two-time method. PMID- 7042506 TI - Effect of dihydrotestosterone on rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity. AB - Castration was previously demonstrated to result in an increase in liver alcohol dehydrogenase and in rates of ethanol elimination in male rats. In this study, the effect of dihydrotestosterone, which is a more potent androgen than testosterone in the rat, was determined on liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol elimination in the castrated rat. Dihydrotestosterone was found to be a substrate of liver alcohol dehydrogenase in the reductive direction and a competitive inhibitor of ethanol oxidation by the enzyme. Also, the administration of a single dose of dihydrotestosterone inhibited liver alcohol dehydrogenase 4 hr after the injection, but this effect was not persistent at later intervals following injection. This transient in vivo inhibition of liver alcohol dehydrogenase was associated with a delay in ethanol elimination. The microsomal ethanol-oxidizing enzyme system was found to play no role in the changes in ethanol elimination observed after castration and dihydrotestosterone administration since its activity remained unchanged. These studies provide further evidence of an effect of androgenic steroids on liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity and ethanol metabolism. PMID- 7042507 TI - The liver: an integral part of the enteric mucosal immune system. AB - The inclusion of the liver and biliary tract as an integral part of the enteric mucosal immune defense has come about in the past 5 years as a result of experimental studies in laboratory animals. The importance of secretory IgA and IgA immune complexes in the generation of an immune response and their participation in the immune exclusion of potentially pathogenic molecules and organisms are areas of active investigation. The transport of IgA and IgA immune complexes by the liver from serum to bile may provide another means of immune mediated host defense against enteric pathogens. PMID- 7042508 TI - Functional hepatocellular heterogeneity. AB - Hepatocytes from the periportal (afferent) and perivenous (efferent) zones of the liver parenchyma differ in their enzyme content and subcellular structures. Therefore, different functions are proposed for the two zones. (a) Oxidative energy metabolism, beta-oxidation, amino acid catabolism, ureagenesis from amino acids, gluconeogenesis, bile acid, and bilirubin excretion and oxidation protection are preferentially located in the periportal zone. (b) Glycolysis, liponeogenesis, ureagenesis from ammonia, and biotransformation are predominantly situated in the perivenous zone. Heterogeneity in the synthesis of plasma proteins also appears to exist. The heterogeneous expression of the genome in hepatocytes is apparently caused by the periportal to perivenous gradient in oxygen and hormone concentrations, and by a different autonomic innervation of the parenchymal zones. PMID- 7042509 TI - Preparation and properties of covalently linked insulin dimers. AB - The synthesis of six isomeric insulin dimers, linked through selected amino groups of the monomers by a dicarboxylic acid, is described. Symmetrical dimers were obtained by direct crosslinking of N,N-bis(methylsulfonyl ethoxycarbonyl)insulins with the bis(p-nitrophenyl) esters of dicarboxylic acids. The synthesis of asymmetrical dimers was achieved by use of Msc-protected insulin active ester intermediates. N epsilon-B29,N epsilon B29'-Insulin dimers containing oxalyl, suberoyl and dodecanedioyl crosslinks were produced. N alpha B1,N epsilon B29'-Insulin dimers were suberoyl and dodecanedioyl crosslinks were synthesized; all other dimers were synthesized with suberoyl crosslinks. The positions of crosslinks were determined by sulfitolysis, tryptic digestion, electrophoresis and quantitative end-group determination. The dimers showed potencies between 1-60% that of insulin on a weight basis in stimulating lipogenesis in isolated fat cells. The potencies are considerably lower than the relative binding affinities determined with isolated fat cells. PMID- 7042510 TI - Arginyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli K12: specificity with regard to ATP analogs and their magnesium complexes. AB - Fifteen analogs of ATP have been tested in the ATP/PPi pyrophosphate exchange and the aminoacylation of arginyl-tRNA synthetase from E. coli K12. Six compounds are substrates in both reactions, whereas seven of the triphosphates were inhibitors for both reactions. The Km, V and Ki values have been determined. The enzyme is less specific against base modifications of the ATP molecule than arginyl tRNA synthetase from baker's yeast in the aminoacylation and is inhibited by more base modified compounds in the ATP/PPi exchange. The enzyme accepts 3'-deoxy-ATP as substrate and is inhibited by 2'-methoxy-ATP, whereas the reversed observation is made for the yeast arginyl-tRNA synthetase. The stoichiometry and association constants of complexes formed by six ATP analogs (four substrates and two inhibitors) and magnesium ions were investigated; five analogs form 1:1 complexes, one analog (3'-deoxy-ATP) binds two magnesium ions. The enzyme must accept different complexes formed with one or two magnesium ions as substrate, which must be different in structure from complexes proposed in literature. PMID- 7042511 TI - The electrophoretic mobility of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor: effects of proteolysis and cigarette smoke. AB - The electrophoretic mobility of purified alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor was compared with that of carbamoylated transferrin. The results ranged from 64.0 to 68.9% of the distance moved by the transferrin and was increased by cigarette smoke solution (range 70.4% to 75.0% of carbamoylated transferrin). The addition of leucocyte elastase produced a change in electrophoretic mobility only in the presence of excess enzyme when mobility fell (58.0 to 62.0%) and was associated with complete and not partial loss of inhibitory activity. No further change was seen over 24 h. Studies on sputum showed a wide range of mobility from 68.0 to 45.0% but only those with a mobility greater than 64.0% retained any inhibitory capacity against porcine pancreatic elastase. However, several samples had a mobility lower than that produced by proteolysis with leucocyte elastase and some showed continuing reduction with time. It is suggested that this is due to proteolysis by more than one enzyme. PMID- 7042512 TI - Hepatitis B virus surface antigen in glomerular immune complex deposits of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - In view of a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in the Malaysian population, indirect immunofluorescence examination for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was routinely performed on renal biopsy specimen at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, over a 3-year period. Examination of renal tissue from 259 patients, including 47 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), revealed 43 cases with HBsAg in glomerular immune complexes. A significantly high proportion (30/43) of these were SLE patients. The deposits were granular in nature, situated in both the capillary walls and mesangium and associated with immunoglobulin deposition. Morphological patterns of lupus nephritis involved were focal proliferative (one case), diffuse proliferative (23 cases) and membranous (six cases). None of these patients showed clinical evidence of liver disease. The significance of these findings remains uncertain, but the possibility exists that the hepatitis B virus may have a role in the pathogenesis of SLE in the tropics where both SLE and HBs antigenaemia are common. PMID- 7042513 TI - Immunoperoxidase staining of Legionella pneumophila. AB - Immunoperoxidase staining has been applied to sections of pneumonic lung from a previously published case of Legionnaires' disease. Specific staining of Legionella pneumophila was accomplished with sub-group I antiserum, which also revealed staining of phagosomes, and in some areas diffuse background staining of 'soluble' antigen. Some organisms remained unstained with the specific antiserum, and these were revealed by progressive haemalum staining. In other sections, some organisms stained specifically with anti-mu chain serum but not with anti-gamma chain serum, this result suggesting that the organisms were coated with patient's IgM specific antibody. PMID- 7042514 TI - Aspergillus fumigatus infection of the optic nerve with mycotic arteritis of cerebral vessels. AB - A 56-year-old Caucasian male, with no obvious immune deficit or systemic disease, presented with unilateral loss of vision due to A. fumigatus infection involving the right optic nerve. There was no proptosis. Despite fungal chemotherapy he developed central nervous system involvement with mycotic arteritis of the branches of the right middle cerebral artery, temporal lobe infarction and rupture of a mycotic aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery, and died. Review of the literature concerning orbital Aspergillus infection showed both this form of presentation and a rapidly fatal course to be unusual. PMID- 7042516 TI - CEO sets the style of organization's planning. PMID- 7042515 TI - New drug found active against lung cancers. PMID- 7042517 TI - Multi-institutional systems present pros and cons to planning process. PMID- 7042518 TI - Strategy can close the "capital gap". PMID- 7042520 TI - Hospital strategic planning must be rooted in values and ethics. PMID- 7042519 TI - Analysis must precede adoption of competitive strategies. PMID- 7042521 TI - Immunologic reconstitution: achievements and potentials. PMID- 7042522 TI - Retinoblastoma: clinical and histopathologic features. PMID- 7042523 TI - Ocular adnexal lymphoid neoplasms: clinical, histopathologic, electron microscopic, and immunologic characteristics. AB - Clinicopathologic analysis of 400 ocular adnexal lymphoid neoplasms has demonstrated that the orbital lymphoid neoplasms occur primarily in the sixth and seventh decades of life; that their benignancy or malignancy is generally indistinguishable clinically; that the orbital malignant lymphomas are most commonly small cell lymphomas; that the orbital "histiocytic" lymphomas almost always represent an anomalous deposit of disseminated lymphoma; and that the percentage of patients with orbital lymphoma who develop systemic disease varies with the histopathology: two thirds of cases of poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas, as defined cytomorphologically, have associated systemic disease. Prospective correlative clinicopathologic and immunologic analysis of 25 cases has shown that cell marker analysis divides the ocular adnexal lymphoid infiltrates into immunologically polyclonal proliferations, which show diverse but benign histopathologic features, and immunologically monoclonal B cell proliferations, which have the histologic features of malignant lymphomas. The benign, polyclonal ocular pseudolymphomas recapitulate the cell marker profile of a benign reactive lymph node with similar variations in the T cell:B cell ratio. The ocular adnexal and nodal B cell lymphomas are analogous in that they most commonly express surface IgM heavy chains and kappa light chains, express Ia antigens in parallel with SIg, and occasionally contain neoplastic B cells at various developmental stages--i.e., Ia+SIg+ and Ia+SIg-. Correlative immunologic and ultrastructural studies have demonstrated that electron microscopy is a reliable and reproducible technique for indirectly assessing the mono- or polyclonality of an ocular adnexal lymphoid neoplasm. This study is focused on the use of hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies, which are capable of detecting maturational stages of B and T cell differentiation and functionally distinct T cell subsets, in order to investigate the interactional and immunoregulatory defects that participate in the generation of the ocular adnexal lymphoid proliferations. PMID- 7042524 TI - Concurrent thymoma and lymphoma: a report of two cases. AB - Two patients presenting with mediastinal masses that proved to be thymomas were found to have concurrent evidence of lymphoma. One patient also developed another malignancy (of the stomach) one year later. Review of the literature shows a marked increase in the frequency of other malignancies with thymomas and suggests the possibility of decreased natural killer cell function resulting from increased suppressor T cell activity. PMID- 7042525 TI - Molecular pathology in inherited disorders of collagen metabolism. AB - During the last ten years remarkable progress has been made in understanding basic aspects of collagen metabolism, and recently this new information has been applied to an analysis of disease processes in human beings and animals. As a result, abnormalities in the structure of the constituent chains of types I and III collagens and in post-translational modifications of these molecules have been identified (fig. 2). Furthermore, the pathophysiologic effects on tissues are becoming better understood, and diagnostic tests, including prenatal diagnosis, for specific disorders are becoming available. These diseases have provided many opportunities for research into the mechanisms by which collagen biosynthesis is regulated, the requirements for secretion, the role of specific collagens in tissues, and the function of certain crosslinks. As genomic probes for the different collagen genes are developed, the contributions of studies of these diseases to an understanding of gene structure and function can only increase, as will the opportunities for more detailed approaches to molecular analysis. PMID- 7042526 TI - Symposium on ophthalmic surgical pathology, Part I. Introduction. PMID- 7042528 TI - A tribute to Marjorie J. Williams, MBChB. PMID- 7042527 TI - Unusual vascular findings in transplanted kidneys. AB - Of 189 unsuccessful renal transplant cases, eight were selected for retrospective analysis because they had been classified histologically as "chronic rejection with marked vascular changes" even though they had been removed less than 60 days after transplantation. Review of these cases revealed that only one of the eight transplants had postoperative function and that this transplant had only marginal functions. All eight kidneys had intimal damage that was unlike the usual lesions of rejection. Five kidneys showed evidence of thrombosis with recanalization, and five had what appeared to be a double layer of the intima. The findings in eight cases suggest that severe intimal damage occurred within 60 days of implantation and may not represent the usual rejection processes; it may reflect, in part, damage to the intima prior to or during implantation. PMID- 7042529 TI - "Undifferentiated" large cell malignancies: an ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study. AB - One of the most difficult areas of surgical pathology is the classification of "undifferentiated" or "anaplastic" large cell malignant tumors. The differential diagnosis of these tumors includes poorly differentiated carcinomas, large cell malignant lymphomas, and amelanotic malignant melanomas. In this study of 56 such cases, the application of electron microscopy and, in selected instances, of indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining methods have helped us reach a precise histopathologic diagnosis in the majority of neoplasms that were considered to be "undifferentiated" by light microscopy. PMID- 7042530 TI - Diagnostic immunocytochemistry of paraffin-embedded tissues. PMID- 7042531 TI - Diabetic glomerulonephropathy: histopathologic, immunofluorescent, and ultrastructural studies of 16 cases. AB - Sixteen cases of diabetic glomerulopathy are reported. Direct immunofluorescent and ultrastructural studies of renal biopsy tissues demonstrated that two patients had linear deposits of IgM and C'3 in the absence of IgG, four diabetic patients had sclerosis-induced entrapment of immunoglobulins and complement, and one patient had granular immune complexes in the subepithelial and intramembranous portion of the glomerular basement membrane. In one patient, who had nodular glomerular lesions, diffuse fibrillar deposits of electron-dense material were observed in the mesangium. In this mesangial infiltrate, light microscopy revealed the absence of amyloid and direct immunofluorescence revealed the absence of all immunoglobulins, complement components, and fibrinogen. Our study suggests that the morphologic alterations observed in diabetic glomerulopathy might be mediated by either immune mechanism or by abnormal biochemical or functional factors, such as impairment of the mesangial IgA clearance mechanism. PMID- 7042532 TI - Pathologic patterns of Serratia marcescens pneumonia. AB - To characterize the pulmonary lesions caused by Serratia marcescens, the authors reviewed all autopsy-culture-proven cases of S. marcescens pneumonia occurring at their hospital between 1968 and mid-1980. In 16, S. marcescens was the only organism cultured from the lungs during life or at autopsy. This report describes primarily these pure infections. Two histopathologic reactions were seen. Nine non-neutropenic patients had acute, hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia, seven with microabscesses and two with larger cavities. In seven, distinctive vasculitis was apparent in vessels larger than 75 microns in diameter; intramural gram-negative rods were identified in two. Seven immunosuppressed patients had diffuse neutropenic pneumonitis resembling diffuse alveolar damage, with extensive intra alveolar fibrinous exudates and pulmonary hemorrhage. In two patients, bacteria without cellular reaction were present. In patients with prolonged infections, focal areas of intra-alveolar organization and bronchiolitis obliterans accompanied both patterns. Since the incidence of nosocomial S. marcescens infection is increasing and since pneumonia caused by this organism is recognizable histologically, autopsy cultures positive for S. marcescens should not be disregarded. PMID- 7042533 TI - Cytogerontology since 1881: a reappraisal of August Weismann and a review of modern progress. AB - Cytogerontology, the science of cellular ageing, originated in 1881 with the prediction by August Weismann that the somatic cells of higher animals have limited division potential. Weismann's prediction was derived by considering the role of natural selection in regulating the duration of an organism's life. For various reasons, Weismann's ideas on ageing fell into neglect following his death in 1914, and cytogerontology has only reappeared as a major research area following the demonstration by Hayflick and Moorhead in the early 1960s that diploid human fibroblasts are restricted to a finite number of divisions in vitro. In this review we give a detailed account of Weismann's theory, and we reveal that his ideas were both more extensive in their scope and more pertinent to current research than is generally recognised. We also appraise the progress which has been made over the past hundred years in investigating the causes of ageing, with particular emphasis being given to (i) the evolution of ageing, and (ii) ageing at the cellular level. We critically assess the current state of knowledge in these areas and recommend a series of points as primary targets for future research. PMID- 7042535 TI - Contributions of James C. Wallace, D.D.S. PMID- 7042534 TI - X-linked genes of the H-Y antigen system in the wood lemming (Myopus schisticolor). AB - H-Y antigen was investigated in 18 specimens representing six different sex chromosome constitutions of the wood lemming (Myopus schisticolor). The control range of H-Y antigen was defined by the sex difference between normal XX females (H-Y negative per definitionem) and normal XY males (H-Y positive, full titer). H Y antigen titers of the X*Y and X*0 females were in the male control range, while in the X*X and X0 females the titers were intermediary. Data were obtained with two different H-Y antigen assays: the Raji cell cytotoxicity test and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Fibroblasts, gonadal cells, and spleen cells were checked. Presence of full titers of H-Y antigen in the absence of testis differentiation is readily explained by the assumption of a deficiency of the gonad-specific receptor of H-Y antigen. Since sex reversal is inherited as an X-linked trait, genes for this receptor are most likely X-linked. The implications of our findings are discussed in connection with earlier findings concerning H-Y antigen in XY gonadal dysgenesis in man and the X0 situation in man and mouse. PMID- 7042536 TI - The preparation and cytotoxic properties of antibody-toxin conjugates. PMID- 7042537 TI - Neoplastic B cells as targets for antibody-ricin A chain immunotoxins. PMID- 7042538 TI - Immunotoxins: hybrid molecules combining high specificity and potent cytotoxicity. PMID- 7042540 TI - In vitro and in vivo efficacy of conjugates of daunomycin with anti-tumor antibodies. PMID- 7042539 TI - Eradication of murine lymphoma and melanoma cells by chlorambucil-antibody complexes. PMID- 7042541 TI - Monoclonal antibody-ricin or ricin A chain hybrids: kinetic analysis of cell killing for tumor therapy. PMID- 7042542 TI - T cell replacing factors in the B cell response to antigen. PMID- 7042543 TI - The biochemistry, biology, and role of interleukin 2 in the induction of cytotoxic T cell and antibody-forming B cell responses. PMID- 7042544 TI - Molecular characterization of interleukin 2. PMID- 7042545 TI - Nonspecific factors in B cell responses. PMID- 7042546 TI - Inhibition of yeast, & rat thyroidal, glutathione reductase activity by iodine. PMID- 7042547 TI - Lymphocyte traffic and lymphocyte destruction in murine malaria. AB - Normal lymphocytes labelled with 51Cr were injected into mice at various stages of lethal and non-lethal malaria infections. Marked alterations were seen in the uptake into spleen and liver, which correlated with the outcome of the infection. Non-lethal infections and lethal infections in mice protected by vaccination caused increased uptakes, especially in the liver. In lethal infections, particularly Plasmodium berghei, uptakes were below normal values at certain times: this was apparently due to destruction of lymphocytes, probably caused by autoantibody. PMID- 7042548 TI - Solubilization of an activity regulating C3b function from Raji cell membranes. AB - A fraction of isolated Raji cell membranes solubilized with 2m KBr which was capable of inhibiting C3-dependent rosettes was examined for its ability to inhibit the alternative pathway of complement. It was shown to decrease alternative pathway-dependent haemolysis of sheep erythrocytes and to accelerate decay of factor B from these cells. It had no effect on C2 decay, the classical pathway analog of factor B. Inhibitory activity solubilized from Raji cells was not removed by immunoadsorption with anti-factor H or anti-factor I, two well characterized serum C3b-control proteins. It also differed in two functional respects from these proteins. Firstly, it failed to result in cleavage of a peptide bone in C3 which is characteristic of factor I; secondly, its inhibitory activity did not synergize with factor I in inhibiting the alternative pathway, unlike factor H. These results suggest that Raji cells contain a regulatory factor in their membranes for the alternative pathway of complement which is distinct from factors H and I. PMID- 7042549 TI - Postnatal development of T cells. III. Thymus independency of T-cell-dependent antigen response in the neonatal spleen. AB - Neonatal spleens were grafted under the kidney capsule of adult syngeneic mice which were either normal, thymectomized, splenectomized or both thymectomized and splenectomized. After 14 days in situ, grafts were exised and the total cell number, the number of Thy-1 and Ig-positive cells, the plaque-forming cell (PFC) response after in vivo immunization with SRBC, and the suppressive activity in vitro on immune cells were determined. The expansion of the T-cell-precursor pool was not dependent upon the presence of the host thymus, nor was the antibody response, which was of neonatal type, i.e. with low PFC response and high suppressive activity. Host splenectomy enhances dramatically the proliferation of neonatal spleen graft cells and their ability to respond to SRBC. This enhancement is essentially due to a host cellular contribution, and is not observed when the graft is an adult spleen fragment. These results suggest that the spleen itself could have a regulatory role in postnatal lymphoid development. PMID- 7042551 TI - Relationship of complement to experimental arthritis induced in rats with streptococcal cell walls. AB - Experimental arthritis developed in rats injected intraperitoneally with aqueous suspensions of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide complexes (PG-APS) isolated from group A streptococcal cell walls. Reduction of serum complement by pretreatment with cobra venom factor (COV) reduced acute joint inflammation over the first 3 days following injection of PG-APs. Thereafter, the course of the disease was not different in the COV-treated rats. The serum levels of complement were depressed below detectable levels by 24 hr in rats injected only with cell walls, but rebounded to normal levels or above 3 days after injection. In rats injected with COV before cell walls, the complement levels also increased 3 days after injection of cell walls, in contrast to sustained depressed levels in rat injected only with COV. The correlation between severity of joint inflammation and serum complement levels at day 3 was positive in COV-treated rats. The quantity of cell wall per joint at day 3 correlated with the severity of joint disease. However, COV treatment did not alter the amount of cell wall localized in joint tissue. Therefore, although complement does appear to have a role in early joint inflammation, its effect is not upon the transport of cell wall into joint tissue. PMID- 7042550 TI - Distribution of IgM, IgA and IgG secreting cells in the tissues of normal and tumour-bearing mice. AB - The levels of IgM, IgA and IgG secreting cells were examined in control, Corynebacterium parvum-stimulated and tumour-bearing, normal and athymic (Nu/Nu) mice. The percentage of IgA to IgM or IgG secreting cells is relatively higher in peripheral blood than in the spleen or peritoneum of normal mice. Within tumours, irrespective of their degree of vascularization and immunogenicity, the pattern of Ig secreting cells in similar to that seen in peripheral blood and different from that in spleen and peritoneum even in athymic mice. Intraperitoneal injection of C. parvum changes the relative percentages of Ig secreting cells in the peritoneal cavity to resemble that seen in the peripheral blood and tumours. It appears that Ig secreting cells extravasate from peripheral blood in a non isotype specific manner into sites of chronic stimulation. PMID- 7042553 TI - Alarming increase in multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhimurium in southern India. PMID- 7042554 TI - Transferable multiple drug resistance in Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7042552 TI - Surface-associated antigens of Treponema pallidum concealed by an inert outer layer. AB - Soluble antigens of Treponema pallidum were examined by two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis against antisera from infected or artificially immunized rabbits. Concentrated suspensions of intact cells did not release antigens after storage at 4 degrees, incubation at 37 degrees, or vortex mixing. Antigens were released after disintegration of treponemes by ultrasonic vibration, or by treatment with non-ionic or anionic detergents. An antigenic component of sonicated treponemes, present in both the non-pathogenic, cultivable Reiter treponeme and T. Pallidum, was identified as axial filament. The combination of antibody with unfixed whole organisms was monitored by an indirect fluorescent antibody method, and whereas antibody did not combine with intact organisms, detergent-treated organisms were highly reactive. Immune electron microscopy showed that whereas in intact treponemes, axial filaments were unable to combine with antibody, detergent treatment allowed access to axial filaments by antibody. In intact treponemes the axial filaments are thought to be located beneath the outer membrane, which may thus comprise the postulated antigenically inert outer layer. PMID- 7042555 TI - Plasmids carrying genes for enterotoxin production and drug resistance in Escherichia coli of human origin. PMID- 7042556 TI - Production of phospholipase A and enterotoxin by isolates of Escherichia coli from urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. PMID- 7042557 TI - Co-agglutination and latex agglutination tests for the detection of Escherichia coli enterotoxin. PMID- 7042558 TI - Effect of BM 12531 on rosette formation and in vitro functions of peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from healthy donors and cancer patients. PMID- 7042559 TI - A controlled double blind comparative study of single dose administration of imipramine pamoate and divided dose of imipramine hydrochloride in depressive illness. AB - A double blind therapeutic comparison of single dose administration of imipramine pamoate and divided dose of imipramine hydrochloride was made in 40 indoor patients suffering from depressive illness. A fixed dose of 150 mg was used for both drugs for four weeks, employing randomized methodology with placebo capsules and tablets to balance dosage schedules. Four patients two from each group were dropped, leaving 36 patients for final analysis. The criteria of assessment were Hamilton Rating Scale and global evaluation by both the psychiatrist and the patients. Both the dosage forms were found to be highly effective as anti depressants. Imipramine pamoate seemed to provide more consistent improvement but statistically the differences were not significant at the end of four weeks treatment. The major conclusion drawn from the study was the confirmation of therapeutic equivalence between a single daily dose of 150 mg of imipramine pamoate and divided dose of 150 mg of imipramine hydrochloride. Generally mild side-effects occurred with equal frequency in both the groups and no adverse effects on haemopoietic, renal or hepatic function were seen with either dosage form. PMID- 7042560 TI - Effect of gonadotrophin releasing hormone in underfed immature rats. AB - An investigation on the effect of restricted feeding an GnRH treatment using immature rats of both sexes was made to see if the GnRH can produce its desired effect on the reproductive organs through the pituitary gonadal axis irrespective of the age and nutritional status of the animal. It was observed that immature male and female rats responded differently to the treatment of GnRH and responses are to a great extent age-dependent. Restricted feeding in these animals slowed down the growth of the reproductive organs. PMID- 7042561 TI - Cysticercus cellulosae as palpable lumps in children. PMID- 7042562 TI - [Maintenance of armadillos in captivity and results of the inoculation of Mycobacterium leprae]. AB - The authors report their experiences in raising armadillos and the results obtained in inoculating them with M. leprae. They begin by reporting on the origin of the animals, how they were captured, and their efforts until they found the right kind of housing for the armadillos. They also tell of their attempts to develop the correct feeding procedures. The result is the feed used now in their laboratory: chicken feed mixed with bread, eggs, meat and milk. Along with this, they report on the way each animal is registered and the examination it undergoes upon admittance, namely, recording of its weight, rectal temperature, feces examination, hemogram and hemossedimentation. They also tell how animals are immobilized so as to take blood samples for the inoculations. Lastly, they present the results of the inoculations with M. leprae in three armadillos of the Euphractus sexticinctus species and 26 of the Dasypus novemcinctus species, with special reference to an armadillo of the D. novemcinctus species, which had systemic infection 15 months after being inoculated subcutaneously and intravenously. Bacilli were found in large quantities in various organs like the skin, lymph nodes, liver, kidneys and spleen. No bacilli were found in the myocardium, pancreas, thyroid and testicles. The authors are of the opinion that this is the first armadillo of the D. novemcinctus species to present experimental systemic infection with M. leprae in South America. Another armadillo, which has been inoculated with a suspension of 1.2 X 10(8) bacilli by the intracardiac route already showed nodules with bacilli on the abdominal wall 10 months after being inoculated. They believe that the results already obtained indicate that soon they will be able to provide material for institutions in Brazil as well as other countries that are interested in the study of M. leprae and in the preparation of the Mitsuda antigen which is so vital to the control of Hansen's disease. PMID- 7042563 TI - Cell mediated immunity in patients with Virchowian hanseniasis before and after treatment with transfer factor. AB - Cell mediated immunity (CMI), bacterial index (BI), morphological index (MI), skin and lymph nodes biopsies were evaluated in 15 patients with virchowian hanseniasis before and after treatment with transfer factor (TF) obtained from human spleens. The patients were divided in 3 groups: group I (control) received only sulfone, group II received sulfone plus TF and group III received only TF. There was no difference in the numbers of peripherical T and B lymphocytes of patients and normal controls. Before the treatment with TF, there was an impaired response of the patient's peripheral lymphocytes to PHA stimulus, in the presence of autologous or homologous plasma. This depressed response was corrected after treatment with TF in the patients of group III. In none of the patients a positive Mitsuda reaction was observed before and after treatment with TF. The improvement of the MI observed in group III, treated only with TF was remarkably similar to the patients treated only with sulfone. This work points out that TF has a role in the treatment of patients with virchowian hanseniasis, based on the improvement of CMI, MI, on histopathology of skin biopsies and clinical conditions. PMID- 7042564 TI - [Candida albicans in complete denture wearers: methods of elimination; activity of Lactacyd]. PMID- 7042565 TI - [Pain-killers in the treatment of dental pain in the 17th and 18th centuries]. PMID- 7042566 TI - [Insulin]. PMID- 7042567 TI - Susceptibility to enteric botulinum colonization of antibiotic-treated adult mice. AB - The relationship between the indigenous intestinal microflora of adults and their resistance to the enteric botulinum infection of infant botulism was studied. Orogastric challenges of 10(5) type A Clostridium botulinum spores were given to adult mice whose gut flora had been altered by feedings of a mixture of erythromycin and kanamycin sulfate. From 80 to 100% of mice became infected when challenged 15 to 60 h after antibiotic administration. The mean infective dose of 2 X 10(4) spores per mouse for challenges given 23 h after antibiotic administration contrasted with the failure of 10(6) spores to infect control mice. Botulinum-colonized mice remained asymptomatic, although colonization lasted up to 5 days, and total botulinum toxin in the gut on days 3 and 4 postchallenge averaged 3,400 and 2,200 mouse intraperitoneal mean lethal doses. The mean infective dose for inocula placed in the colon of antibiotic-treated mice was 10(3) spores per mouse, and C. botulinum multiplied in the cecum as well as in the colon. PMID- 7042568 TI - Enhancement of host susceptibility to lethal endotoxin shock by staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C. AB - Staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (PE) ty pe C enhanced the susceptibility of rabbits to lethal shock by endotoxin by as much as 50,000-fold. A graph of log PE type C dose used for pretreatment versus log 50% lethal dose of endotoxin gave a straight line with a slope of approximately -1. Rabbits that received PE type C alone showed fevers only, but those given both PE ty pe C and endotoxin showed initial fever followed by hypothermia, labored breathing, diarrhea, evidence of vascular collapse, and finally death. When a PE type C dose of 3 micrograms/kg was used, pretreatment of the animals with PE for 2 h before giving the endotoxin was required to obtain maximal susceptibility. However, when 15 micrograms of PE type C per kg was utilized, the endotoxin could be given before, concurrently, or after PE type C. The capacity of PE type C to prepare rabbits for enhanced susceptibility to endotoxin was lost after 24 to 48 h. Animals could be protected from enhanced susceptibility to endotoxin by prior immunization with either PE type C or endotoxin. However, 30% of the rabbits which were immunized with PE type C failed to develop immunity, and after three injections of PE type C, these animals developed gram-negative bacteremia and succumbed. In addition, rabbits with diarrhea initially, possibly caused by Pasteurella infection, died less than 24 h after a single injection of PE type C. PMID- 7042569 TI - Ability of macrophages to process and present Treponema pallidum Bosnia A strain antigens in experimental syphilis of syrian hamsters. AB - The ability of macrophages to process and present treponemal antigens to T lymphocytes was studied in early stages of experimental syphilis produced by Treponema pallidum Bosnia A strain (the causative agent of endemic syphilis) infection of inbred Syrian hamsters (LSH/Ss Lak strain). A difference was noticed in the response of macrophages obtained from the peritoneal cavity, lymph nodes, and spleens of the infected animals. In all of these locations, a general increase in the population of Ia(k)-positive macrophage was seen during the entire period of infection, i.e., 3 to 18 weeks after inoculation. Peritoneal cavity-derived macrophages showed no difference in antigen presentation to sensitized and nonsensitized T-lymphocytes for the first 7 weeks of infection. However, at 18 weeks after infection, peritoneal macrophages lost their ability to process treponema antigens. Spleen- and lymph node-derived macrophages did not exhibit a parallel loss in their ability to process treponema antigens. A fluctuation without a consistent pattern was noticed in the antigen processing and presentation by macrophages from the spleen and lymph nodes. In general, the sensitized T-lymphocytes responded to treponema antigen presented by macrophages more vigorously than the nonsensitized T-lymphocytes. An increased ability of spleen-derived macrophages to process and present antigens was noticed throughout the entire period of infection. The macrophages from the lymph nodes showed such an increase only temporarily at 3 weeks after infection. These data suggest that the processing and presentation of treponema antigens by macrophages in acute syphilitic infection fluctuates considerably and depends on the source of macrophages and the duration of the infection. The differences in the response of peritoneal cavity-, spleen-, and lymph node-derived macrophages probably reflect the complex interactions between the macrophage and other cells involved in the immune response to treponema infection. PMID- 7042570 TI - Hemagglutination activity and colonization factor antigens I and II in enterotoxigenic and non-enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli isolated from humans. AB - We examined 205 enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli for colonization factor antigens (CFA) I and II, using an immunodiffusion technique with specific antisera. A total of 36 strains of serogroups O63, O78, O114, O128, and O153 and 1 rough strain possessed CFA/I and gave a single precipitin line; 47 strains of serogroups O6, O8, O80, and O115 possessed CFA/II. The latter strains gave a major precipitin line (component 3) when tested with specific antisera prepared against strain E1392 or PB-176 (both E. coli O6.H16; biotype A). However, all 16 strains of E. coli O6.H16 belonging to biotype A gave a second precipitin line (component 1) when tested with both antisera. When CFA/II-positive strains were tested with a specific antiserum prepared against E. coli O6.H16 strains of biotype B or C, all strains gave component 3, but 16 of 17 strains of E. coli O6.H16 belonging to biotype B, C, or F gave a second precipitin line (component 2) not given by strains of biotype A. CFA/II-positive strains of serogroups other than O6 gave only component 3 in tests with all specific antisera. Nine enterotoxigenic strains of serotypes O7, O15, O25, O115, and O128 gave mannose resistant hemagglutination of human or calf erythrocytes but lacked CFA/I or CFA/II. Although mannose-resistant hemagglutination was common in non enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli, none of the non-enterotoxigenic strains possessed CFA/I or CFA/II; these strains included fecal strains of serogroups O6, O8, O63, and O78, fecal strains of enteropathogenic serogroups, and strains from extraintestinal sources. PMID- 7042571 TI - Isoelectric points and surface hydrophobicity of Gram-positive cocci as determined by cross-partition and hydrophobic affinity partition in aqueous two phase systems. AB - Thirty-nine streptococcal strains belonging to groups A, C, and G and 12 staphylococcal strains were investigated with respect to surface charge and hydrophobicity. Isoelectric points of the bacteria were determined by cross partition experiments in dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems containing charged polymers. The results obtained indicate that group A, C, and G streptococci have isoelectric points of pH 3.75 +/- 0.15 standard deviation. Staphylococci show an isoelectric point of around pH 2 and thereby differ markedly from the streptococci. Pretreatment of bacteria with human serum resulted in a significant change in the isoelectric points of streptococci. In a second series of experiments, an aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase system containing polyethylene glycol palmitate or stearate was used to study the hydrophobic surface properties of the bacterial cells. The partition of the staphylococci was not influenced by the addition of up to 1% (wt/wt) polyethylene glycol palmitate or stearate, whereas the streptococci showed a large variation in affinity for polyethylene glycol-bound hydrophobic groups. The bacterial strains included in the study were also tested for uptake of human serum proteins. A positive correlation was found between the hydrophobic affinity of group A streptococci and the density of receptors for aggregated beta-2 microglobulin. PMID- 7042572 TI - Transfer of Salmonella resistance and delayed hypersensitivity with murine derived transfer factor. AB - Protective host immunity and delayed hypersensitivity were transferred to nonimmune ICR and C3H/HeJ mice with transfer factor prepared from the splenic lymphocytes of ICR Swiss mice immune to Salmonella typhimurium. Only mice injected with the "immune" dialysate exhibited significant footpad swelling (P less than 0.01) to a spent medium antigen of S. typhimurium, but not Listeria monocytogenes. Host survival to a lethal Salmonella challenge infection was seen only in transfer factor-injected mice. Also, these challenged animals had fewer numbers of bacteria present in their spleens (P less than 0.01) than did challenged mice previously injected with either control dialysates or commercial endotoxin. Neither the Salmonella antigens nor endotoxin present in the sterile transfer factor preparation was responsible for the transfer of host protection and delayed hypersensitivity, since none of the control dialysates resulted in any positive responses when injected into either the ICR Swiss or endotoxin resistant C3H/HeJ mice. PMID- 7042573 TI - Oral implantation of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus and Eikenella corrodens in conventional hamsters. AB - Oral implantation of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus 381-R' and Eikenella corrodens 1073S-R, which are highly resistant to streptomycin, was examined in conventional hamsters. The hamsters' first molars were ligatured with cotton threads preimmersed in bacterial suspensions. Bacterial inoculation was performed daily for 1 week, followed by a single weekly inoculation for 7 more weeks. Hamsters were fed Keyes' diet no. 2000 or ordinary powdered diet. Bacterial recovery, gingival histological changes, and immunological response were checked 2, 5, and 8 weeks after the daily serial inoculation. B. asaccharolyticus 381-R' was recovered from all hamsters during the experiment (6.7 X 10(6) to 6.3 X 10(8) colony-forming units). E. corrodens 10735-R was recovered from the hamsters fed Keyes' diet no. 2000 throughout the experimental period (2.4 X 10(5) to 1.2 X 10(6) colony-forming units), but not in the group fed the ordinary powdered diet. The histological changes in gingival tissues at the second week showed no differences among the control group, the B. asaccharolyticus-inoculated group, and the E. corrodens-inoculated group. However, by the eighth week, the inflammation persisted only in the bacteria-inoculated groups, especially in the B. asaccharolyticus-inoculated group. A relatively increased serum antibody titer was also observed in the B. asaccharolyticus-inoculated group, but not in the E. corrodens-inoculated group. These findings indicate that B. asaccharolyticus 381 R' and E. corrodens 1073S-R can be implanted in hamsters' oral cavity with the aid of cotton thread ligature. It was also suggested that B. asaccharolyticus may have some pathogenic role in the destruction of periodontal tissue in hamsters. PMID- 7042574 TI - Involvement of prostaglandin E1 in delayed-type hypersensitivity suppression induced with live Mycobacterium bovis BCG. AB - We previously showed the suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity produced by live BCG-induced, plastic-adhering cells. The present study was undertaken to determine whether prostaglandin was one of the pharmacological mediators involved in this suppression. A high level of prostaglandin E1 was detected in the culture supernatant fluid of the live BCG-induced, adherent cells. Moreover, prostaglandin E1 could suppress the macrophage migration inhibition activity of peritoneal exudate cells from BCG cell wall-sensitized mice. PMID- 7042575 TI - In vitro cultivation of Treponema pallidum: independent confirmation. AB - In vitro cultivation of the virulent Nichols strain of Treponema pallidum was achieved in a tissue culture system as described by A. H. Fieldsteel, D. L. Cox, and R. A. Moeckli (Infect. Immun. 32:908-915, 1981). In 7 of 8 experiments, 8.9- to 26.2-fold increases in the number of T. pallidum were observed over a 12- to 12-day period of incubation. PMID- 7042576 TI - The sugar-caries axis. AB - This review is limited to an analysis of the relationship of the consumption of sugar to the prevalence of caries in man. The data reveal that in the human a highly forged link exists between these variables. In the absence of sugar, little decay is found; when used in large amounts over protracted periods of time, caries scores are usually high. The evidence also suggests that it is possible to reduce the incidence of caries by reducing the intake of refined sugars. Conflicting evidence exists in man, however, with regard to the influence of the total intake of sugar, the form in which it is consumed and the frequency of its consumption on the prevalence of dental decay. Moreover, little is known about the amount of sugar that individuals actually consume each day. Cause and effect conclusions should not be limited to one or another type of study. In the aggregate, the results obtained from studies in vitro, investigations in experimental animals, as well as studies in humans, all point to the existence of a powerful sugar-caries axis. More research on human subjects is needed, however, to fill the gaps in our knowledge. PMID- 7042577 TI - Sucrose in the dynamics of the carious process. AB - The conclusion that sugar consumption and caries are related is inescapable. Studies of the dynamics of sucrose metabolism by cariogenic organisms, investigations of experimental caries in animals and clinical observations of the inter-relationship of dietary sucrose intake and caries experience all provide compelling evidence that the proportion of sucrose in a food is one important determinant of its cariogenicity. Accordingly, better labelling of foods and beverages to disclose the concentration (percentage by weight or volume) of sucrose and other sugars would help consumers in choosing products less likely to cause caries. Journals, particularly professional ones, should refrain from publishing potentially misleading or distorted advertisements concerning foods. Because of the multifactorial nature of caries aetiology, the fact that humans eat a mixed diet and evidence that the sequence of eating various foods may affect their cariogenic potential, it is most unlikely that any one test of cariogenicity could be reliable. It may be possible to use a combination of tests to gain meaningful information on the cariogenicity of foods. PMID- 7042578 TI - Oral effect of other carbohydrates. AB - Historical data, epidemiological surveys, laboratory and animal experiments, clinical studies and observations in ordinary dental practice all illustrate that starchy fibrous foods have a low cariogenic potential. The recommended substitution of sucrose in Western diets by starchy foods would lead to a reduction of caries provided that these other carbohydrates replace the between meal consumption of sugar-rich products. The low cariogenic potential of a diet containing carbohydrates with a fibrous character is probably not solely due to its low sucrose content. Such a diet promotes mastication and saliva secretion which tend to reduce the caries risk. Furthermore, unrefined foods may contain caries-protective substances like phytates, trace elements and antibacterial factors. Lectins, which are found in many plants could be of importance by influencing the attachment of micro-organisms to the teeth in a favourable manner. The tradition to end a meal with fruit may thus have other oral effects than hitherto considered. In addition, a diet containing carbohydrates with a fibrous character and a low amount of sucrose probably has a low pathogenic potential for the periodontal tissues. However, no epidemiological data are available to support this assumption. PMID- 7042579 TI - Sugar substitutes: reasons and indications for their use. AB - Sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, xylitol, maltitol and hydrogenated starch and other sweeteners having more than one hundred times the sweetening power of sucrose, such as stevioside and thaumatin, are currently used as less or non cariogenic sugar substitutes. A new product, coupling sugar, has been developed which is a sugar mixture of monosaccharides, glucosyl-sucrose, oligosaccharides and oligosaccharides terminated at the reducing end by sucrose. Its sweetness is between 55 and 65 per cent of that of sucrose. Coupling sugar has a sweet quality resembling that of sucrose and possesses its advantages as a food being both easily digested and a ready source of energy. Two coupling sugar preparations of different sugar composition (CSCP and CSSF) and maltosylsucrose, one of the main ingredients of coupling sugar, were studied to examine their cariogenicities as substrates both in vitro and in vivo. It was shown that, compared with sucrose, these substances were definitely low in cariogenic action. No deleterious effects of its use have been found. In Japan, coupling sugar is widely employed in the manufacture of candies, cookies, chocolates etc. PMID- 7042580 TI - The dentist-patient relationship. AB - A report of the progress of research in the area of the dentist-patient relationship since Linn's review in 1971 is presented. It discusses several models of the doctor-patient relationship, dentists' perceptions of patients and their influence on treatment outcome, patients' perceptions of the dentist and satisfaction of both the dentist and the patient with the dentist-patient relationship. Most of the emphases in research noted by Linn--largely in patient management strategies--continue to be emphasized today. It was observed that both patients and dentists express a high degree of satisfaction with the dentist patient relationship. Because of this, it was hypothesized that dentists and patients select each other. Data from studies supporting this hypothesis are presented. Implications for increasing access to underserved groups were also discussed. Many areas continue to require good research and almost all require cross-national research. PMID- 7042581 TI - Microleakage associated with modified eucapercha and chloropercha root-canal filling techniques. PMID- 7042582 TI - The value of the bacteriological culture in endodontics. I. The influence of infection during and after treatment. PMID- 7042583 TI - The value of the bacteriological culture in endodontics. II. The bacteriological flora of endodontic specimens. PMID- 7042584 TI - Phagocytosis, chemoluminescence, and intracellular killing of fungi by phagocytes from subjects with deficiency of the second component of complement. AB - The capacity of phagocytes from animals or humans with complement component deficiency to ingest and kill Candida albicans has been much disputed. We show that peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mononuclear phagocytes from subjects with hereditary C2 deficiency (C2D) ingested C. albicans or Saccharomyces cerevisiae at an abnormally slow rate. After preincubating C. albicans in C2D plasma, the slow rate of phagocytosis was corrected and subsequent intracellular killing of C. Albicans was normal. A normal number of C2D phagocytes reduced nitroblue tetrazolium after stimulation with either phorbol myristate acetate or ingestion of C. albicans. The rate at which chemoluminescence was generated in response to C. albicans was abnormally slow, but peak chemoluminescence produced by C2D phagocytes in response to C. albicans was normal. PMID- 7042585 TI - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in strain II guinea pigs. II. Immunologic features. AB - A model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in syngeneic animals would allow experiments designed to determine immunopathogenesis of HP. Strain II guinea pigs were treated with Micropolyspora faeni and challenged with intratracheal M. faeni. Skin test, serum antibody, hilar lymph node lymphocyte proliferation and bronchoalveolar macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) response to M. faeni antigen were determined. Sensitized animals had positive delayed skin tests, serum antibody and bronchoalveolar cell MMI, but not M. faeni-induced hilar node lymphocyte proliferation. We conclude that this model is suitable for examination of the importance of various mechanisms which might be important in HP. PMID- 7042586 TI - Potentiated immune responses after administration of aclacinomycin. AB - After the intraperitoneal injection of aclacinomycin into mice, a variety of immune responses were increased. The total plaque-forming spleen cell response to SRBC was higher in treated animals than in controls, in spite of an apparent cytotoxic effects on B cells. The aclacinomycin-sensitive cell is apparently a long-lived cell, surviving adult thymectomy. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions were also augmented in treated animals, particularly those bearing tumors. In adjuvant-treated mice, the injection of aclacinomycin augments the immune response still further. Such observations should be taken into account in the establishment of clinical protocols associating immunotherapy and chemotherapy. PMID- 7042587 TI - Detection of antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen by the hemolytic plaque assay. AB - A modification of the standard hemolytic plaque-forming cell assay is described. The conjugation of a soluble antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, to the membrane of the sheep red blood cell was accomplished and used as the indicator system to detect antibody-forming cells. The specificity of the assay was determined by cross-reacting studies and competitive inhibition by antigen blocking. PMID- 7042588 TI - Experimental study on immunological reactions against the articular cartilage. AB - In rats immunized with articular cartilage antigens, delayed hypersensitivity was detected by the macrophage migration inhibition test and delayed footpad reaction. Additionally, a proliferative response was found in the regional lymph nodes of immunized rats. The mixed addition of sensitized lymphocytes and antibodies exerted a cytotoxic effect on cultured chondrocytes. Articular damage including accelerated chondrolysis may have some relation to delayed hypersensitivity to autologous articular cartilage antigens. PMID- 7042589 TI - Prostaglandins and the maternal placental circulation: review and perspectives. AB - The objective of this article is to present an evaluation of the problems encountered in assessing the effects of prostaglandins (PGs) on the uteroplacental vasculature and circulation as well as to review pertinent experimental data. Problems in the measurement of uteroplacental blood flow are mainly due to biologic differences between placentation in different species. The physiologic role of PGs in the modulation and regulation of uterine and placental blood flows is difficult to investigate because PGs are local hormones. In addition, the direct effects of PGs on the uteroplacental circulation cannot be easily distinguished from the indirect effects due to myometrial contractions and interactions with other vasoactive substances. There is some experimental evidence that the dilation of the uteroplacental vasculature during pregnancy could be a result of the physiologic balance of local vasodilator PGs produced in the uterine vessels and vasoconstrictor effects of circulating vasoactive substances. The role of prostacyclin as well as that of platelet-thromboxane A2 in the physiologic regulation of uteroplacental blood flow remains to be elucidated, in particular in primates. PMID- 7042591 TI - Production and localization of human prolactin in placenta and decidua in early and at term normal pregnancy. AB - Prolactin (PRL), a peptide hormone of the anterior pituitary, greatly increases in both plasma and amniotic fluid during pregnancy. The pattern of measurable PRL differs according to gestational stage and between plasma and amniotic fluid levels. This variation has led to several opinions regarding the production site of PRL during pregnancy. In this paper, the authors describe the production and localization of PRL-materializing tissues of human placenta and decidua both in early pregnancy and at term. Immunohistologic investigations with highly purified antiserum obtained by immunization of albino rabbits and reacted with human PRL alone revealed that syncytial trophoblast was a site of PRL production. PRL was also detected in decidual tissue, but the latter did not show a pattern of production. By a method of double staining, the production and localization of either anti-beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG-beta) or human placental lactogen (hPL) were manifestly differentiated from those of PRL in syncytial trophoblast. PMID- 7042590 TI - Treatment of diabetes mellitus and pregnancy. AB - The pregnancy of woman with diabetes mellitus poses a high risk. During the pre insulin era the newborn had a 40% chance of survival and there was high mortality in the mothers. Only in recent years has it been possible to decrease perinatal mortality to 2-4% due to the cooperation of diabetologists, obstetricians, and pediatricians in centers with much experience in supervision of mother and child. In the foreground of treatment are the following prerequisites: (1) close metabolic supervision of the mother allowing blood-glucose values between 60-120 mg/dl and mean blood glucose per day around 85 mg/dl during the course of pregnancy; (2) intensive supervision of the fetus; (3) early recognition and adequate treatment of complications. Close metabolic supervision succeeds only by way of blood-glucose self-control. To decrease the rate of deformities, the close metabolic supervision apparently has to commence before conception. This management no longer requires delivery according to the White scheme. PMID- 7042592 TI - The antenatal use of ambroxol (bromhexine metabolite VIII) to prevent hyaline membrane disease: a controlled double-blind study. AB - A prospective double-blind clinical trial was carried out to determine whether ambroxol (bromhexine metabolite VIII) treatment (1000 mg/day for a period of 5 days) reduces the risk of hyaline membrane disease (HMD) in potentially premature infants. Amniocentesis was performed before the first and 24 h after the last application of ambroxol or placebo to assess the development of the total phospholipid phosphorus content, the L/S ratio, the P/S ratio, and the properties of the surface tension of the amniotic fluid after ambroxol or placebo. There were 246 infants born to 224 mothers. Of the 116 infants with less than or equal to 36 completed weeks' gestation, 56 were in the ambroxol and 60 in the placebo group. No differences between groups occurred in risk factors for HMD (diabetes, asphyxia, male sex, cesarean section). Statistically significant differences in favor of the infants in the ambroxol group were found in the HMD incidence: 23.2% in the ambroxol group compared with 41.7% in the placebo group (p less than 0.05). There was no reduction of the HMD incidence in the less than or equal to 32-week gestational age category in the ambroxol group compared with the placebo group inspite of the fact that all the examined parameters for determining lung maturity reflected a stimulatory effect of ambroxol compared with the results of the placebo group, particularly before the 33rd week of gestation. Prolonged rupture of the membranes played no protective role against HMD. PMID- 7042593 TI - Howard Levine retires as Chief of Medicine at the New Britain General Hospital, New Britain, Connecticut. PMID- 7042594 TI - Duration of the hypotensive effect of guanfacine. AB - Guanfacine given intravenously causes a brief rise in blood pressure. This is followed by a sustained decrease of blood pressure, accompanied in one case by a marked orthostatic effect. In addition to its lowering effect on blood pressure, guanfacine also reduces heart rate. The duration of action for up to 72 h is due to the long half-life of the drug. The main side effects observed are fatigue and sedation. PMID- 7042596 TI - Issues in the treatment of heroin-addicted women: a comparison of men and women entering two types of drug abuse programs. PMID- 7042595 TI - A glimpse into Roche research: antiparkinson treatment. PMID- 7042597 TI - Alcohol's effects on human emotions: a review of the stimulation/depression hypothesis. AB - Recent hypotheses hold that acute alcohol consumption sequentially stimulates and then depresses (stimulation/depression) the drinker's emotional state as well as other physiological and non-mood-related behavioral functions. This paper traces the development of the stimulation/depression hypothesis as applied to human emotions and critically evaluates investigations of alcohol's acute emotional effects in order to assess its validity. Although some evidence suggests and elatant (i.e., stimulant) effect of alcohol at moderate intoxication levels, particularly on the rising limb of the blood alcohol curve, it is concluded that because of methodological inadequacies in the relevant experimental literature, the stimulation/depression hypothesis as applied to emotions remains largely untested. Conceptual and methodological refinements necessary for testing the hypothesis are discussed, and potentially important nonpharmacological factors that may also influence postconsumption mood changes are identified. PMID- 7042598 TI - Premature aging and alcoholism. PMID- 7042599 TI - The "urge to classify" the narcotic addict: a review of psychiatric classification. I. AB - Attempts to classify drug addicts are divided into three main groups: (1) psychiatric classifications, (2) psychological classifications, and (3) classifications by pattern of abuse. An extensive literature review of the psychiatric classifications of narcotic addicts suggests that there is no one diagnosis that fits all narcotic addicts and that the importance of psychopathology in drug addiction has been exaggerated. It is concluded that theoretical psychiatric classifications of narcotic addicts have failed to stimulate empirical research and that empirical classifications have not demonstrated their utility for treatment and prognosis. PMID- 7042600 TI - Personality characteristics of heroin addicts: review of empirical research 1976 1979. AB - Reviewed are 47 empirical studies. The paper contains sections on results from studies using specific psychometric instruments and measuring specific traits, personality differences in subgroups of heroin addicts, personality changes following treatment, and suggestions for future research. Measuring the presence or absence of a particular trait or characteristic is no longer sufficient. Rather, we need typologies within an interactional framework that systematically relates traits to other variables of interest (i.e., recidivism, treatment retention, and etiology). PMID- 7042601 TI - Private practice, competition, and methadone maintenance. PMID- 7042602 TI - What is the role of violence in the therapeutic community? AB - The violence inherent in the world of substance abuse is conspicuously absent as a research issue in published studies in this area. Computer searches surfaced articles dealing with mental health/mental retardation. A synthesis of these articles indicates that the setting, therapy, and staff identified as most effective in the treatment of violent patients coincide with those found in drug and alcohol therapeutic communities. (The use by some drug and alcohol clinicians of radical confrontation therapy was the only practice seemingly counterindicated on treatment effectiveness and ethical and legal grounds). We emphasize the need for a drug and alcohol research focus on violence. PMID- 7042603 TI - A controlled trial to compare the therapeutic effects of dapsone in combination with daily or once-monthly rifampin in patients with lepromatous leprosy. AB - In this controlled trial in 35 patients with lepromatous leprosy the therapeutic effects of adding rifampin 450 mg daily (Regimen A) or 1200 mg once a month (Regimen B) to a standard dapsone regimen of 50 mg daily were practically identical. Moderate to marked clinical improvement was observed in 88% and 83% of the patients treated with Regimens A and B respectively. The average rates of decrease in the MI of the skin smears and nose-blow smears were similar. The average decreases in the BI of the skin smears were 0.7 and 0.6 in patients on the Regimen A and B respectively. Following 6 months' treatment with Regimens A and B the average decreases in the Logarithmic Bacterial Indexes of Biopsies were 4.7% and 7% respectively. The once-monthly rifampin schedule was well tolerated and did not lead to "flu" syndrome, anuria, oliguria, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, or anaphylactic shock. This trial revealed the satisfactory efficacy, good tolerability, and practicability of a supervised once-monthly 1200 mg single oral dose rifampin schedule as a component of combination regimes for the initial treatment of patients with lepromatous (LLs and LLp) leprosy. PMID- 7042604 TI - Isolation and identification of mycolic acids in Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepraemurium. AB - Mycolic acids with a characteristic structure were isolated by high performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC) and mass-spectrometry from a foot pad of a nude mouse inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae. Mycolic acids with the same structure were also obtained from mycobacteria collected from the liver of an armadillo with experimental leprosy. Mycolic acids were isolated from Mycobacterium lepraemurium grown both in vivo and in vitro and these mycolic acids had different structures from those of M. leprae. Mycolic acid structures have great taxonomical significance. The methods used for isolating and analyzing mycolic acids appear applicable for the rapid identification of M. leprae in samples containing at least 10(9)-10(10) mycobacterial cells. Using our method, mycolic acids with the same structure were found in mycobacteria from armadillos experimentally infected with M. leprae and from armadillos with naturally acquired leprosy-like disease. It is likely, therefore, that the pathogenic mycobacteria of the naturally acquired disease are the same as, or at least closely related to, M. leprae. The present work suggests that M. leprae has a special position in mycobacterial phylogeny. PMID- 7042605 TI - The problem of dapsone-resistant leprosy. PMID- 7042606 TI - Dapsone-resistant leprosy-the THELEP approach. PMID- 7042607 TI - Primary dapsone-resistant leprosy in Cebu, Philippines. AB - A survey of the prevalence of primary dapsone-resistant leprosy in Cebu, Philippines, has yielded an estimate of 3.6 per 100. Fifty-three of 55 patients proved to have M. leprae fully susceptible to dapsone. The organisms of two patients multiplied in mice administered the minimal effective dose of dapsone; and those of one of these patients also multiplied in mice administered dapsone in a 10-fold larger dose. PMID- 7042608 TI - In vitro stimulation of human lymphocytes with mycobacterial antigens. PMID- 7042609 TI - Demonstration of mycobacterial antigens in leprosy tissues. AB - Biopsies from 69 patients with leprosy were stained to demonstrate mycobacterial antigens using immunoperoxidase methods. The same biopsies were cut and stained using Fite-Faraco, TRIFF and hematoxylin-eosin for classifying the patients and to demonstrate mycobacteria. Since M. leprae and BCG show extensive antigenic cross reactions, anti-BCG antibodies were used as primary antisera to demonstrate cross-reacting antigens of M. leprae. Cross-reacting mycobacterial antigens were, thus, found in all LL and BL leprosy patients. Eight out of 10 patients with indeterminate leprosy had mycobacterial antigens and 17 out of 19 BT leprosy patients were positive for antigens. In general, in the BT patients the presence of the antigen was related to the host tissue reaction; this relationship was found in only half of the patients with indeterminate leprosy studied. During ENL mycobacterial antigens were found both intra- and extra-cellularly in the inflammatory infiltrate, but the polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration was seen only around the extracellular perivascular antigen. In reversal reaction, the inflammatory response was towards extracellular mycobacterial antigens. After this reaction there were no antigens demonstrable. PMID- 7042610 TI - An immunoperoxidase study of immunological factors in skin lesions across the spectrum of leprosy. AB - The immunoperoxidase technique was used to assess the quantity and situation of various immunological factors in 24 skin biopsies which represented the leprosy spectrum from TT to LL. The factors were immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM), complement components (C3, C3d and Clq), plasminogen, muramidase (lysozyme), C reactive protein and alpha-1-antitrypsin. The results were compared with previous reports on the assessment of these factors in serum. The quantities of these factors in the lesions produced peaks at TT and LL, with a dip in the BT-BB region (C-reactive protein and alpha-1-antitrypsin excepted). The immunoglobulins, present mainly in plasma cells and lymphocytes, correlated in general with reports of serum levels. The complement components were present in appreciable amounts, though the serum levels are depressed; they were seen in young mononuclear cells with a low bacterial load. All factors produced an ascending gradient in active lesions from BT to BL or LL, which correlated with the bacterial load and its viability. In regression (studied only in LL) there was a decrease in all factors. In TT there was an increase in most factors which did not correlate with the antigen load, and which probably resulted in an excess of antibody over antigen. In active LL there is probably an antigen excess. The results suggest the possibility that there is a common defect from BT to LL, in which the generation of immunological factors within the lesion of immunological factors within the lesion is a secondary response to the antigenic load. In TT alone (a rare group) is there an enhanced immunological response unrelated to the antigen load. In support of this was the finding of Ia antigen only in TT lesions. PMID- 7042611 TI - Bacterial growth kinetics of "M. lufu" in the presence and absence of various drugs alone and in combination. A model for the development of combined chemotherapy against M. leprae? AB - Bacterial growth kinetic studies were performed in a series of potential inhibitors of M. leprae using "M. lufu" as a model strain. Reasons why "M. lufu" is considered to be a better model than M. tuberculosis are presented. The inhibitory power of the single drugs has been quantified, the activity constants are calculated, and the synergistic, additive, or antagonistic behavior of the combinations is evaluated. It is demonstrated that a combination consisting of dapsone (DDS), prothionamide (PTH), isoniazid (INH), and rifampin (RAMP) is a very powerful inhibitor of "M. lufu" and prevents or delays the development of resistance under the experimental conditions described. This finding is in agreement with the therapeutic effect of this combination (Isoprodian + rifampin) achieved in a leprosy eradication program on the Island of Malta. Whereas there is no direct proof that "M. lufu" is the best suitable model for drug evaluation against M. leprae, there is, however, nothing in the presented results which is against this model, especially as the actions of DDS and PTH or RAMP is concerned. A new combination of DDS with trimethoprim (TMP) or TMP derivatives has also been studied and seems to be a promising candidate. In addition, a technique is described to differentiate between bacteriostatic and bactericidal action of the tested inhibitors against "M. lufu." PMID- 7042612 TI - Renal transplantation in leprosy. AB - A patient with tuberculoid leprosy and chronic renal failure was given a renal allograft after 5 months of dapsone (DDS) treatment. The leprosy showed continued healing in spite of immunosuppression and was not a significant cause of morbidity. Tuberculoid leprosy does not appear to be a contraindication for renal transplantation. PMID- 7042613 TI - Ultrastructural features of the multiplication of human and murine leprosy bacilli in macrophages of nude mice. AB - Ultrastructural features of the growth of M. leprae and M. lepraemurium in nude mouse macrophages were studied by ultrathin sectioning and freeze-etching. In nude mouse macrophages, M. leprae produced spherical droplets (foamy structures) similar to those in human lepra cells. On the other hand, M. lepraemurium produced typical crystalline material in nude mouse macrophages, which is quite the same as that observed in the C3H strain mouse, Spherical droplets in the form of foamy structures seem to be made up of a specific substance produced by the multiplication of M. leprae in suitable host cells (human, nude mouse, and armadillo macrophages). PMID- 7042614 TI - Ultrastructural characteristics of Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium leprae. AB - Freeze-fracture studies (FF) and ultrathin sectioning (UTS) have been performed on Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) and Mycobacterium leprae (ML). FF of BCG revealed the presence of two populations of cells: one group having four fracture faces and the other showing only two; the latter showed a preferential cleavage along a plane across the cell wall (CW) having a smooth appearance devoid of particles, on both protoplasmic (PF) and exoplasmic (EF) fracture faces. On the other hand, FF of the plasma membrane of ML often showed rather large smooth areas with particles present in clusters. Linear depressions and ridges were more frequently observed in CWEF and CWPF faces of ML as compared to those of BCG. Similarly, UTS of BCG revealed two populations of cells: the majority with cell envelopes consisting of three substructures and the rest with only two. UTS of ML showed similar substructures as for BCG, except that the electron-dense zone appeared more translucent. We postulate that mycobacteria of the same genus may exist in heterogeneous forms. PMID- 7042615 TI - Adenosine triphosphate content of Mycobacterium leprae: effect of purification procedures. AB - Various procedures to decontaminate and purify M leprae free of host tissue material resulted in total retention of their intracellular ATP and also infectiousness. The ATP content of one million M. leprae cells, isolated from either livers, spleens, or lymph nodes of infected armadillos, or a nude mouse foot pad or a human biopsy specimen, was in the range of 1.17 to 1.40 picograms. Suspensions could be decontaminated with 4% NaOH and all non-bacterial ATP could be eliminated by the combined action of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and collagenase initially, followed by Triton X-100 plus ATPase. These findings further assure that M. leprae are different from M. lepraemurium in that they can withstand even the severest purification procedures that are necessary in order for them to be used for sophisticated biochemical and metabolic studies. PMID- 7042616 TI - Statistical analysis of results obtained by two methods for testing drug activity against Mycobacterium leprae. PMID- 7042617 TI - Immunoperoxidase localization of Fasciola hepatica worm tegument antigens by electron microscopy. PMID- 7042618 TI - Insulin-potentiating action of human growth hormone. Synthesis and activity of N terminal fragments. AB - Four peptides from the N-terminal region of human growth hormone have been synthesized by the solid-phase method: hGH(6-13), hGH(7-13), hGH(8-13) and hGH(9 13). Although these peptides contain the sensitive -Asp-Asn-sequence, apparently homogeneous products were obtained by synthesis on polystyrene resin, cleavage by hydrogen fluoride and purification by ion-exchange chromatography. The insulin potentiating activity of these peptides is reported. The data indicates that extension of hGH(9-13) at its N-terminus is required for in vitro activity. PMID- 7042619 TI - A case of membranous glomerulonephritis in which positive to negative change of hepatitis B e antigen in glomeruli was observed. AB - 9-year-old boy suffering from membranous glomerulonephritis (GN) associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was observed. In this case seroconversion from hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) to hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb) could not be confirmed, but a change from HBeAg positive to negative in the glomeruli was observed, and electron-dense deposits (EDD) became translucent and urinary protein also turned negative. These findings apparently suggest the possibility that membranous GN in this case is closely concerned with the causation and development of HBeAg. PMID- 7042620 TI - Hypertension in a pediatric and adolescent population following kidney transplantation. AB - The post-renal transplant courses of 53 children and adolescents were evaluated for the prevalence and the etiology of hypertension. The blood pressures were averaged over specific time periods following transplantation and converted to percentile ranks according to standards for age. The number of antihypertensives employed to control blood pressure was assessed. Factors such as sex, obesity, race, donor source, antigen match, steroid administration, rejection, recurrent glomerulonephritis, pre-transplant nephrectomy, renal function and proteinuria were assessed as to their importance in producing hypertension or normotension in the post-transplant period. The average blood pressure was well within acceptable range shortly after transplantation. The patients requiring antihypertensives to control blood pressure dropped by two years post transplant. Chronic rejection was by far the most important factor influencing average blood pressure and the need to employ antihypertensives. Alternate-day prednisone and good graft function were important in establishing the normotensive state. PMID- 7042621 TI - Obituary. John Klauber (1917-1981). PMID- 7042622 TI - Radiosensitivity of human B-lymphocytic lymphomas in vitro. AB - The radiosensitivity of four human B-lymphocytic lymphoma cell lines has been studied. For all lines the Do values were in the range 1.3 to 1.8 Gy. None of the survival curves had an appreciable shoulder. The extrapolation numbers varied in the range 1.0 to 1.2. Thus, the cell lines had a low capacity to accumulate sublethal damage. Furthermore, split dose experiments showed that no line had the capacity to repair sublethal damage. Taken together with earlier published experimental and clinical observations the results indicate that the use of an increased number of fractions in radiotherapy of B-lymphocytic lymphomas might be of great benefit to the patients. A schedule with an increased number of fractions will probably be as efficient in killing the tumour cells as previously used schedules but the tolerance of adjacent normal tissue will probably increase. PMID- 7042623 TI - The effect of temperature on the release of thymidine from DNA during exposure to electrolytically reduced misonidazole. PMID- 7042624 TI - Epidemic Serratia marcescens in a neonatal intensive care unit: importance of the gastrointestinal tract as a reservoir. AB - Between a March and December of 1979, and outbreak of infections due to multiply antibiotic resistant Serratia marcescens took place in a 50-bed neonatal intensive care unit. Fifteen neonates suffered major infections (sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia) with one death, and 20 suffered minor infections (conjunctivitis, cystitis, wound infections). Epidemiologic investigation failed to reveal a common source; S. marcescens, however, ws isolated from an employee's hand, emollient skin cleanser, suction tubing, and three in-use manual infant resuscitation bags. The skin cleanser and equipment-cleaning agents were ineffective against S. marcescens. Asymptomatic, colonized infants were the major reservoir of S marcescens. These infants were identified by daily cultures of the nose, umbilicus and rectum. The rectal swab most commonly (76%) yielded first positive cultures in previously uncolonized infants, and was ultimately positive in 92% of colonized infants. A control program was begun by: 1) removing all inanimate sources of S. marcescens; and 2) cohorting patients and staff into a S. marcescens-exposed group and a new patient group. The new patient group of infants was surveyed by daily triple-site cultures for colonization and subsequent transfer to the S. marcescens-exposed group. After four months, the epidemic was controlled and the organism eradicated from the neonatal intensive care unit. PMID- 7042625 TI - Serratia marcescens-a marker for an infection control program. AB - An infection control program was instituted at The Victoria General Hospital, an 800-bed acute care hospital, in July 1977. Serratia marcescens had infected or colonized (I/c) 225 to 232 patients yearly for each of the three previous years. Since this organism is usually acquired nosocomially, we decided to use Serratia I/C as a marker for our infection control program. During the years 1977 to 1980, we identified and eliminated several reservoirs of Serratia (contaminated urine measuring containers, urometers, diabetic urine testing equipment and in-use contamination of 2% Hibitane). Readmission of previously I/C patients proved to be an increasingly important reservoir. During 1980, only 120 patients were I/C, and gentamicin-resistant isolates of S.marcescens had dropped from 44% in 1977 to 4.4% in 1980. Use of Serratia as a marker enabled us to monitor the efficacy of our infection control program and allowed us to prove to our health care workers the usefulness of many of the measures we introduced. PMID- 7042626 TI - Nursery epidemic due to multiply-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: epidemiologic setting and impact on perinatal health care delivery. AB - Gram-negative bacilli frequently cause epidemics in high-risk newborn intensive care units. Recently, an epidemic caused by a multiply-resistant K. pneumoniae, serotype 21, occurred in the Vanderbilt University intensive care nursery. The background of this outbreak included an increasing endemic nosocomial sepsis rate, operation of the facility in excess of rated capacity, and increasingly inadequate nurse-to-patient staffing ratios. The epidemic lasted 11 weeks; 26 (12%) of the 232 infants at risk in the unit became colonized. Five infants developed systemic illness and one died. Cohorting, reinforcement of strict handwashing and isolation procedures, and closure of the unit to outborn admissions resulted in rapid termination of the outbreak. Followup studies performed on infants colonized with the epidemic bacterium demonstrated persistent fecal shedding up to 13 months following discharge from the hospital. This epidemic had a detrimental influence on high-risk newborn and obstetric health care delivery in an area encompassing portions of three states. Under a system of progressively more sophisticated referral units, nosocomial infections occurring at a tertiary center can have an impact on other hospitals within the network. PMID- 7042628 TI - [Typical risks in the treatment of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7042627 TI - [Typical and avoidable risks in the therapy of internal diseases]. PMID- 7042629 TI - [Typical risks in the therapy of obliterating vascular diseases]. PMID- 7042630 TI - [Typical risks in the treatment of acute and chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 7042631 TI - [Typical risks and avoidable errors in therapy: endocrinology and metabolism]. PMID- 7042632 TI - [Typical risks and avoidable errors in antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 7042633 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic dilatation of Vater's papilla in choledocholithiasis]. PMID- 7042634 TI - [Fasciitis and eosinophilia--a scleroderma-like disease]. PMID- 7042635 TI - [Attacks of dyspnea and frequent asthma episodes in a painter using sprays]. PMID- 7042636 TI - [Therapy control by determination of serum drug concentrations]. PMID- 7042637 TI - Mutagenic evaluation of radiographic contrast media. PMID- 7042638 TI - Pharmacology and clinical use of antiandrogens: a short review. PMID- 7042639 TI - Biographical sketches no. 14 - Morgagni. PMID- 7042640 TI - Biographical sketches No. 15--Koch. PMID- 7042641 TI - Betadine irrigation following appendicectomy--a randomized prospective trial. PMID- 7042642 TI - Biographical sketches No. 16 -- Ehrlich. PMID- 7042643 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and sheep brain. A report from central and Southern Italy. AB - The places of origin of 7 out of 8 patients with CJD coincide with the distribution of sheep-rearing in central and southern Italy, confirming the suggested link between this disease and eating and-or handling sheep CNS tissue. Since 6 of the 8 cases were women, it seems more likely that the virus responsible for CJD enters the body through a break in the skin of the hands and forearms in the process of foodhandling rather than via the Digestive tract. This aspect should be borne in mind when investigating the problems of CJD transmission. PMID- 7042644 TI - The significance of cyclic EEG changes in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: prognostic value of their course in 9 patients. AB - The diagnostic value of the EEG in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is based not only on the presence of a typical pattern of periodic discharges but also on the appearance of cyclic changes in the EEG. The pattern of the cyclic EEG changes was analysed in 9 patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The changes appear when the level of wakefulness is reduced. The alternating pattern rate increases as the disease progresses and accounts for as much as 100 per cent of the tracing when the patient is in coma. During the cyclic changes the cardiorespiratory rate is always higher in phase A than in phase B. Hypertonic fits and most myoclonic jerks are present only in the A-phase, whereas partial myoclonus and fasciculations are present in both phases. The cyclic change pattern in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease reveals a progressive. The cyclic change pattern in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease reveals a progressive, serious involvement of the waking system. PMID- 7042645 TI - The British health system: achievements and limitations. PMID- 7042646 TI - [Polygenic inheritance of familial malignant melanoma]. AB - Familial occurrence of malignant melanoma is mostly due to a hereditary disposition which is phenotypically characterized by light complexion and multiple precursor nevi. The inheritance of this disposition is not monogenic but polygenic. The following arguments are in favor of polygenic inheritance: Lack of a uniform pattern of transmission, frequent sporadic occurrence of this phenotype, variable intensity of manifestation within the same family, evidence for polygenic inheritance of fair complexion, and demonstration of polygenic inheritance of melanoma in Xiphophorin fish. In melanoma families, children of affected women develop melanoma more frequently than children of affected men. The authors interpret this phenomenon as a manifestation of the Carter effect. This mechanism is proposed as a new argument in favor of a polygenic inheritance of familial malignant melanoma. PMID- 7042647 TI - [Albinism and other genetically determined generalized, or patchy disseminated hypopigmentations of the skin]. PMID- 7042648 TI - Andrew Pattullo: a first-person profile. Interview by Lewis E. Weeks. PMID- 7042649 TI - Minimizing hypoxia during endotracheal airway care. PMID- 7042650 TI - Clinical conferences in critical care: Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 7042651 TI - Evolution of Drosophila on the newer Hawaiian volcanoes. AB - The 20-year odyssey taken by the Hawaiian Drosophila project has recently become focussed on a selected microcosm: this consists of the Island of Hawaii ("the Big Island") and one of its endemic species. Drosophila silvestris. Both the island and the species are considerably less than one million years old. Along with a morphologically distinct, but partially sympatric, close relative, D. heteroneura, silvestris inhabits moderate-altitude rainforests. They are the only members of the planitibia subgroup that occur on this island. The distribution of these species discontinuous due to the dissection of the forests by recent lava flows and to the irregular distribution of their main host plants. Although allozyme heterozygosity within both species is considerable, local populations of both species show high similarity coefficients. The two species are, furthermore, virtually indistinguishable electrophoretically; nevertheless, significant differences in single-copy DNA have been demonstrated. Within silvestris, five inversion polymorphisms are widespread; six others have more restricted distributions. Populations in some of the geologically newer areas are the most polymorphic, both chromosomally and morphologically. Altitudinal clines of gene arrangement frequency are clear in areas on both sides of the island. The same inversions are involved in these clines on the two sides of the island. Males of silvestris from populations from the north and east side of the island ("Hilo side") display a novel morphological secondary sexual character. This is absent not only from south and west ("Kona-side") silvestris but also from heteroneura and from the three closely related species endemic to older adjacent islands. In view of the phylogenetic novelty of this evolutionary development, Hilo-side silvestris is judged to be derived from Kona-side rather than vice versa. The character in question involves the addition of about 25 large cilia to the dorsal surface of the tibia of the male. This portio of the leg is used in a very specific fashion to stimulate the female's abdomen during the courtship ritual. Studies of sexual behaviour of individuals drawn from various natural and laboratory populations of silvestris and its relatives have been carried out. Hybrid sterility and/or inviability is lacking in crosses both within and between populations of heterneura and silvestra. An interesting regularity has been widely observed; there is a positive correlation between the phylogenetic age of the population and the degree of discrimination by the female sex in mating. When this principle is applied to silvestris populations, the Kona-side populations of Hualalai volcano are judged to be the oldest in the species. As expected, Hilo side populations with the novel bristle character appear to be newly-derived... PMID- 7042652 TI - Associations of enzymic and chromosomal polymorphisms in the seaweed fly, Coelopa frigida. AB - Populations of seaweed fly Coelopa frigida are polymorphic at three loci determining the enzymes peptidase-1 (Pep-1), alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) and larval esterase-2 (Es-2). Alleles at these loci have been shown by others to be non-randomly associated with each other. In the present paper we report non random associations between the Adh and Es-2 loci and inversions on chromosome I. The two common alleles Adh-B and D are in strong linkage disequilibrium with the alpha and beta inversions, but the Adh-A and C alleles are not so. The X and Y alleles at the Es-2 locus show weak, but still significant, associations with the inversions. We consider possible linkage relationships of the loci on the chromosomal arrangements, and discuss the hypothesis that they constitute part of a coadapted gene complex whose members code for functionally related enzymes. PMID- 7042653 TI - Genetic variation at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus in natural populations of the seaweed fly, Coelopa frigida. AB - Samples of the seaweed fly, Coelopa frigida, from six populations widely spaced around the English coast were collected during 1974-76 and again in 1979-80. Gene frequencies at the Alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) locus were found not to vary significantly between sites, nor over the five year period of their study. Genotype distributions are compared with Hardy-Weinberg expectations and show consistent, mostly significant, differences. These results are interpreted in the light of an association between the Adh locus and a chromosomal inversion polymorphism. It is argued that the remarkable geographical uniformity must indicate the presence of strong selection, probably taking the form of heterokaryotypic advantage. PMID- 7042654 TI - Nutrition in adverse environments, 1. Forgotten lessons of maritime nutrition. PMID- 7042655 TI - Breakfast and performance. PMID- 7042656 TI - Relation of habitual diet to fasting plasma insulin concentration and the insulin response to oral glucose. AB - Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels during a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test were measured in a population sample of 220 people (109 men; 111 women), who also earlier recorded their diet over a 2-d period. In the men, but not the women, there was a statistically significant inverse relationship between total daily energy intake and both fasting and post-load plasma insulin concentrations. This correlation, which was independent of the degree of adiposity, may be a confounding factor in epidemiological studies relating plasma insulin levels to subsequent coronary heart disease. PMID- 7042657 TI - [The 85th year of the West German Ear, Nose and Throat Society]. PMID- 7042658 TI - [Features of aspergillosis in ENT. Histopathology of fungal infections of the paranasal sinuses caused by Aspergillus fumigatus (author's transl)]. AB - Fungal diseases of nasal and paranasal sinuses caused by Aspergillus fumigatus are not rare. Second to diagnosis in defined culture medium only, histological diagnosis can easily be achieved in Haematoxilin-Eosin-, and PAS-stained samples of fungal masses in the sinuses. Specific histological features of Aspergillus fumigatus are described, especially the onion-skin like structure of the fungus balls, and their development discussed. Out of seventy cases only one showed invasion of the mucosa of the sinus, the others all showing extramucous position of the fungus. PMID- 7042659 TI - Identification of distinct target-specific subsets of NK cells in peripheral blood of normal donors. AB - One major issue in studies on natural killer activities centers around the concept of heterogeneity of effector cells in the NK population. In this study Ficoll-Hypaque fractionated PBL from normal adult donors were used as effectors against a variety of tumor targets in in vitro chromium release assays with the goal of substantiation of the existence of NK subsets. Effectors with common or distinct specificities were demonstrated by the cold target inhibition assays as well as by immunoadsorption studies using tumor cell monolayers. In particular, a distinct subset of NK effectors, with the unique ability of killing a myeloma cell line (FRV), hitherto an NK-resistant tumor target, was demonstrated with the PBL of one normal donor (LP). Separation of this unique subpopulation based on differential light scatter property was achieved using flow cytometry (FACS III). The unique FRV killers were larger than the effectors which lyse K562 and they resemble the activated NK cells in the mouse system. PMID- 7042661 TI - Herpes gestationis: a pruritic enigma. PMID- 7042660 TI - Monoclonal antibodies specific for human polymorphic cell surface antigens. I. Evaluation of methodologies. Report on a workshop. AB - Five techniques, the direct and the antiglobulin enhanced cytotoxicity assays, indirect immunofluorescence, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the radioimmunoassay, were evaluated in a workshop to determine their utility in studies of the interactions of monoclonal antibodies with HLA antigens expressed on lymphocytes. Several well-defined antibodies, both cytotoxic and noncytotoxic, were tested against well-characterized human lymphoid cells. All the methods suffer from some deficiency. The enhanced cytotoxicity assay, however, is most useful as a routine screening tool because of its ease and simplicity; whereas, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is most useful when dissection of antigenic structure is sought because it yields information on the quantities of the antigenic determinants expressed on the cell surface without requiring radioactive reagents. PMID- 7042662 TI - Statistical observations on the elective induction of labor with oxytocin. PMID- 7042663 TI - A comparison of isoetharine and albuterol: report of changes in pulmonary functions over 1 hour. PMID- 7042665 TI - Factors affecting the probability of growth of pathogenic microorganisms in foods. PMID- 7042664 TI - Nutritional aspects of cancer prevention: an overview. PMID- 7042666 TI - External cardiovascular resuscitation of the anesthetized pony. AB - External cardiac massage and concomitant respiratory support were used successfully 6 of 8 anesthetized ponies sustaining unexpected cardiac arrest while being used in a study of shock. Approximately 20 thoracic compressions/min maintained systolic and diastolic aortic blood pressures in excess of 50% of the corresponding base-line values in 5 ponies. The high success rate was attributed to early recognition of the problem, the small size of the patient, and the relatively short duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (average, 2.9 minutes). It was concluded that external cardiac message can be effective for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in selected equine patients that have sustained cardiac arrest. PMID- 7042667 TI - Rabies in a litter of skunks predicted and diagnosed by skin biopsy. AB - Four juvenile skunks were vaccinated against rabies, descented, and then placed in 4 different households. An illness subsequently developed in 3 of the skunks that was confirmed as rabies, by examination of biopsy specimens of muzzle skin using immunofluorescence microscopy. In 1 clinically normal skunk, the skin was found to be test-positive, predicting that rabies would develop; the signs of rabies became evident in 48 hours. the infection was considered to be field acquired rather than vaccine induced. PMID- 7042668 TI - Results of urinalysis and bacterial culture of canine urine obtained by antepubic cystocentesis, catheterization, and the midstream voided methods. AB - Results of urinalysis and bacterial culture of urine specimens obtained during midstream voiding, by catheterization, and by cystocentesis were studied in 50 clinically normal dogs (25 females and 25 males). All of the specimens obtained by cystocentesis were bacteriologically sterile. Bacterial growth occurred in 26% of the catheterized specimens and in 85% of the voided specimens. The proportion of positive urine cultures from catheterized and voided specimens was higher for females than for males. Results or urinalysis did not correlate well with results of bacterial culture. PMID- 7042669 TI - Culture conditions for screening of new antibiotics. PMID- 7042670 TI - In vitro studies of aculeacin A, a new antifungal antibiotic. AB - Aculeacin A is a cyclopeptide-containing long-chain fatty acid, representing a new class of antibiotics. It has a relatively narrow antifungal spectrum in vitro and is highly active against some groups of yeasts. Of 31 strains of Candida ad Torulopsis tested, the majority were susceptible to aculeacin A at 0.31 micrograms per ml or less. On the other hand, the antibiotic was scarcely active or inactive against other yeasts, such as Cryptococcus neoformans, and all filamentous and dimorphic fungi tested. A distinct inoculum effect has been observed in vitro with a number of strains of C. albicans; minimum growth inhibitory concentrations (MIC) have tended to increase with increased incubation time. MIC values were also increased in the presence of serum. Aculeacin A is fungicidal for growing cells of C. albicans. It was most lethal against sensitive yeasts at 0.08 to 0.31 micrograms per ml, and increases in the concentrations of the drug above this range reduced, rather than increased, its lethal effect. PMID- 7042671 TI - Studies on the mechanism of antifungal action of aculeacin A. AB - Aculeacin A was lethal for proliferating cultures of C. albicans. However, there was a paradoxical relationship between the drug concentration and the fungicidal activity; the lethal effect was greatest at levels of 0.08 to 1.25 microgram/ml and increases in the drug concentration above this range reduced its lethal effect. A similar anomalous dose-response patterns were also observed for the inhibitory effect of the drug on several cellular and subcellular biochemical activities. Association of this lethal effect of the drug was the formation of visible cell aggregates and the development of extremely huge forms in treated cultures. Aculeacin A induced osmotically fragile cells and viability of treated cultures was markedly reversed under high osmolarity. Tracer experiments and chemical analysis revealed that synthesis of alkali insoluble glucan was inhibited by the drug to a greater extent than synthesis of mannan and any other species of macromolecules, with resultant formation of alkali-insoluble glucan deficient cells. Aculeacin A inhibited synthesis of beta-glucan from UDP-glucose catalyzed by cell-free extracts from C. albicans and S. cerevisiae. These data are consistent with the view that one of the principal target of aculeacin A action is on the beta-1,3-glucan synthetase reaction. PMID- 7042672 TI - Potentiation of antifungal effect of amphotericin B by squalene, an intermediate for sterol biosynthesis. AB - The antifungal effect of a polyene antibiotic amphotericin B (AMB) was almost completely abrogated by exogenous addition of 0.1 microgram/ml ergosterol in the medium. The cytocidal effect of AMB on Saccharomyces cerevisiae was synergistically enhanced when cultured for more than 4 hours with squalene, an obligatory intermediate molecule for sterol formation. However, we could not find significant increase in cellular level of ergosterol content in the yeast cells fed with squalene. PMID- 7042673 TI - Mineral concentrations in hair as indicators of mineral status: a review. AB - Mineral content of hair is affected by season, breed, hair color within and between breeds, sire, age and body location. Seasonal effects may be due to stage of growth of hair and to changes caused by perspiration, surface contamination and diet. Breed and sire effects on mineral content of hair complicate prediction of nutritional status based on hair analyses because, in many commercial cattle, neither breed nor sire is known. Hair from young animals may be lower in Zn, Mn and Fe, but is higher in Na, Ca, Cu and K than that from older animals. Pigmented hair apparently is higher in Ca, Mg, K and NA than white hair, but trace mineral concentrations are similar in hair of different colors. The effect of body location on mineral content of hair may be due to differences in surface contamination, differences in hair growth cycles and differences in texture of the hair. Concentrations of Ca, P and Cu in hair are not affected by dietary intake of these minerals. Zn and Se contents of hair may reflect dietary intake. Information on other required minerals in lacking. Pb, As and, possibly, Cd levels in hair may be related to dietary or environmental exposure. Because of the many factors that cause variation in mineral content of hair, hair analyses are not likely to be precise indicators of the mineral status of animals. Hair analyses may help to detect severe deficiencies of some required minerals or exposure to some heavy metals. However, if hair analyses are to be conducted, care must be taken to compare values from test animals with those from animals of similar breed, sex, season, sire and color. In addition, new hair growth should be analyzed, environmental contamination should be minimized and the hair samples should be cleaned before analyses. PMID- 7042674 TI - Status of farm animal behavioral research in North America. AB - To evaluate the current status of farm animal behavioral research in North America, we searched and analyzed the scientific literature, consulted the national Agricultural Library and the Current Research Information System of the USDA and sought advice from several authorities. We than sent letters to 78 North American behavioral researchers, inviting them to supply information about their current projects and recently completed studies. A total of 218 efforts were identified. A quantitative and qualitative summary of current behavioral research and short reviews of selected references are provided to illustrate the broad range of current farm animal behavioral research in North America. PMID- 7042676 TI - [Growth stimulation of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in cell-free liquid medium by vitamin K3 and B12 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042677 TI - [Effect of pantoyl lactone on the growth of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in cell free liquid medium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042675 TI - Study of a growth factor for Mycobacterium lepraemurium grown in the Ogawa yolk medium. II. Egg yolk protein fraction and effect of reducing reagents. PMID- 7042678 TI - The strain difference of immune responses in mice infected with Mycobacterium lepraemurium. PMID- 7042679 TI - Concepts for aminoglycoside serum level monitoring. PMID- 7042681 TI - Advances in the treatment of urinary infections. PMID- 7042680 TI - Antimicrobial therapy of gynaecological infections: an overview. PMID- 7042682 TI - Respiratory infections: major advances. PMID- 7042683 TI - 1981 Louis B. Schmidt Award (I. Lloyd Matlovsky). PMID- 7042684 TI - Regulation of phenylalanine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12: control of transcription of the pheA operon. AB - Bacteriophage lambda ppheA-lac was used to obtain strains of Escherichia coli K 12 in which pheA and lacZ are each transcribed from a separate pheA promoter. Mutants in which both beta-galactosidase and chorismate mutase P-prephenate dehydratase (the pheA gene product) were derepressed were isolated, and a transacting gene (pheR) was identified. pheR was mapped at min 93 on the E. coli chromosome; pheR mutants acquired the wild-type phenotype when either F117 (which covers the 93-min region) or F116 (which covers min 59 to 65) was introduced into the cell. A rifampin resistance mutation, rpoB366, was found to derepress transcription of the pheA operon. pheR and rpoB366 affected two different systems for the phenylalanine-mediated control of pheA. A mutation in miaA (trpX), a gene known to be involved in attenuation in the tryptophan operon, was also shown to increase transcription of the pheA gene. PMID- 7042685 TI - Characteristics of a binding protein-dependent transport system for sn-glycerol-3 phosphate in Escherichia coli that is part of the pho regulon. AB - The ugp-dependent transport system for sn-glycerol-3-phosphate has been characterized. The system is induced under conditions of phosphate starvation and in mutants that are constitutive for the pho regulon. The system does not operate in membrane vesicles and is highly sensitive toward osmotic shock. The participation of a periplasmic binding protein in the transport process can be deduced from the isolation of transport mutants that lack the binding protein. As with other binding protein-dependent transport systems, this protein appears to be necessary but not sufficient for transport activity. The isolation of mutants has become possible by selection for resistance against the toxic analog 3,4 dihydroxybutyl-1-phosphonate that is transported by the system. sn-Glycerol-3 phosphate transported via ugp cannot be used as the sole carbon source. Strains have been constructed that lack alkaline phosphatase and glycerol kinase. In addition, they are constitutive for the glp regulon and contain high levels of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Despite the fact that these strains exhibit high ugp-dependent transport activity for sn-glycerol-3-phosphate they are unable to grow on it as a sole source of carbon. However, when cells are grown on an alternate carbon source, (14)C label from [(14)C]sn-glycerol-3-phosphate appears in phospholipids as well as in trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material. The incorporation of (14)C label is strongly reduced when sn-glycerol-3-phosphate is the only carbon source. In the presence of an alternate carbon source, this inhibition is relieved, and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate transported by ugp can be used as the sole source of phosphate. PMID- 7042686 TI - Metabolic basis for the isoleucine, pantothenate or methionine requirement of ilvG strains of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Salmonella typhimurium strain DU501, which was found to be deficient in acetohydroxy acid synthase II (AHAS II) and to possess elevated levels of transaminase B and biosynthetic threonine deaminase, required isoleucine, methionine, or pantothenate for growth. This strain accumulated alpha ketobutyrate and, to a lesser extent, alpha-aminobutyrate. We found that alpha ketobutyrate was a competitive substrate for ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase, the first enzyme in pantothenate biosynthesis. This competition with the normal substrate, alpha-ketoisovalerate, limited the supply of pantothenate, which resulted in a requirement for methionine. Evidence is presented to support the conclusion that the ambivalent requirement for either pantothenate or methionine is related to a decrease in succinyl coenzyme A, which is produced from pantothenate and which is an obligatory precursor of methionine biosynthesis. The autointoxification by endogenously produced alpha-ketobutyrate could be mimicked in wild-type S. typhimurium by exogenously supplied alpha ketobutyrate or salicylate, a known inhibitor of pantothenate biosynthesis. The accumulation of alpha-ketobutyrate was initiated by the inability of the residual AHAS activity provided by AHAS I to efficiently remove the alpha-ketobutyrate produced by biosynthetic threonine deaminase. The accumulation of alpha ketobutyrate was amplified by the action of transaminase B, which decreased the isoleucine pool by catalyzing the formation of alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate and aminobutyrate from isoleucine and alpha-ketobutyrate; this resulted in release of threonine deaminase from end product inhibition and unbridled production of alpha ketobutyrate. Isoleucine satisfied the auxotrophic requirement of the AHAS II deficient strain by curtailing the activity of threonine deaminase. Additional lines of evidence based on genetic and physiological experiments are presented to support the basis for the autointoxification of strain DU501 as well as other nonpolarigenic ilvG mutant strains. PMID- 7042687 TI - Ligase-deficient yeast cells exhibit defective DNA rejoining and enhanced gamma ray sensitivity. AB - Yeast cells deficient in DNA ligase were also deficient in their capacity to rejoin single-strand scissions in prelabeled nuclear DNA. After high-dose-rate gamma irradiation (10 and 25 krads), cdc9-9 mutant cells failed to rejoin single strand scissions at the restrictive temperature of 37 degrees C. In contrast, parental (CDC9) cells (incubated with mutant cells both during and after irradiation) exhibited rapid medium-independent DNA rejoining after 10 min of post-irradiation incubation and slower rates of rejoining after longer incubation. Parental cells were also more resistant than mutant cells to killing by gamma irradiation. Approximately 2.5 +/- 0.07 and 5.7 +/- 0.6 single-strand breaks per 10(8) daltons were detected in DNAs from either CDC9 or cdc9-9 cells converted to spheroplasts immediately after 10 and 25 krads of irradiation, respectively. At the permissive temperature of 23 degrees C, the cdc9-9 cells contained 2 to 3 times the number of DNA single-strand breaks as parental cells after 10 min to 4 h of incubation after 10 krads of irradiation, and two- to eightfold more breaks after 10 min to 2.5 h of incubation after 25 krads of irradiation. Rejoining of single-strand scissions was faster in medium. After only 10 min in buffered growth medium and after 10 krads of irradiation, the number of DNA single-strand breaks was reduced to 0.32 +/- 0.3 (at 23 degrees C) or 0.21 +/- 0.05 (at 37 degrees C) per 10(8) daltons in parental cells, but remained at 2.1 +/- 0.06 (at 23 degrees C) or 2.3 +/- 0.07 (at 37 degrees C) per 10(8) daltons in mutant cells. After 10 or 25 krads of irradiation plus 1 h of incubation in medium at 37 degrees C, only DNA from CDC9 cells was rejoined to the size of DNA from unirradiated cells, whereas at 23 degrees C, DNAs in both strains were completely rejoined. PMID- 7042688 TI - Replication of a low-copy-number plasmid by a plasmid DNA-membrane complex extracted from minicells of Escherichia coli. AB - A DNA-membrane complex was extracted from minicells of an Escherichia coli mutant harboring a "miniplasmid" derivative (11.2 kilobases) of the low-copynumber plasmid RK2 (56 kilobases). The complex contained various species of supercoiled and intermediate forms of plasmid DNA, of which approximately 20% was bound firmly to the membrane after centrifugation in a CsCl density gradient. The plasmid DNA-membrane complex synthesized new plasmid DNA without the addition of exogenous template, enzymes, or other proteins. DNA synthesis appeared to proceed semi-conservatively, was dependent on the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates, partially dependent on ribonucleoside triphosphates, and was sensitive to rifampin, an antibiotic known to inhibit initiation of replication. Novobiocin and nalidixic acid also inhibited synthesis, as did the omission of ATP, N Ethylmaleimide, an inhibitor of DNA polymerase II and III activity, but not DNA polymerase I activity, also partially inhibited the synthetic reaction, as did chloramphenicol. The plasmid DNA synthetic product was analyzed by alkaline sucrose and dye-CsCl gradient centrifugation, as well as by agarose gel electrophoresis. In each case, the product consisted of parental and intermediate forms of plasmid DNA. Some chromosomal DNA was also synthesized by a contaminating bacterial DNA-membrane complex, but this synthesis was rifampin insensitive and could be separated from plasmid DNA synthesis. PMID- 7042690 TI - Mutants of plasmid prophage P1 and elevated copy number: isolation and characterization. AB - A series of mutations of the P1 plasmid prophage that lead to increased copy number was isolated and analyzed. The copy number of the mutants was elevated at least five- to eightfold relative to wild-type P1, as determined by single-cell resistance to antibiotics, activity of enzymes, content of superhelical DNA, and reassociation kinetics. The copy number of two of the mutants was temperature dependent. Based on dominance tests, the mutants fell into two classes, cis specific and recessive. The latter class included a temperature-sensitive copy mutant. The existence of a class of recessive mutants suggests that the replication of the P1 plasmid is negatively regulated. PMID- 7042689 TI - Genetic and phenotypic characterization of capsule mutants of Cryptococcus neoformans. AB - Stable mutants with reduced capacity to produce capsules were isolated from suspensions of Cryptococcus neoformans after treatment of the wild type with a mutagen. The mutants could be assigned one of two phenotypes, hypocapsular or acapsular. Hypocapsular mutants were immunochemically and physicochemically indistinguishable from the wild type, whereas acapsular mutants lacked a major capsular antigen and a negatively charged exterior. In genetic analysis, the mutant trait segregated as a Mendelian gene (1:1) when random basidiospores from an outcross were studied, and analysis of products of single meiotic events from outcrossed mutants was likewise consistent with meiotic segregation. Two-factor crosses yielded the expected four classes of progeny, with recombinants equal to parentals. We concluded that chromosomal genes are responsible for synthesis of the cryptococcal capsule and that random basidiospore analysis represents a useful technique for genetic analysis in this species. PMID- 7042691 TI - Rosanilins: indicator dyes for chloramphenicol-resistant enterobacteria containing chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. AB - Rosanilin dyes such as crystal violet and basic fuchsin have been used as indicator dyes in solid growth medium for chloramphenicol-resistant enterobacterial colonies containing the enterobacterial resistance enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). On certain media containing rosanilins, cells containing CAT formed darker colonies than cells not containing CAT. Contrast was affected by the types and concentrations of complex nutrients, sugars salts, and rosanilin dyes present. When crystal violet was used as the indicator dye, contrast could not be obtained for strains whose growth was partially inhibited by crystal violet. Contrast could not be obtained between yeast colonies with and without the enterobacterial resistance enzyme, between Bacillus subtilis colonies with and without the staphylococcal resistance enzyme, or between enterobacterial colonies with and without the staphylococcal resistance enzyme. The darker coloration of enterobacterial colonies with the enterobacterial enzyme was due to the binding of dye to enzyme. Rosanilin dues have been used to score resistance phenotypes by colony color, to detect chloramphenicol-sensitive sectors in chloramphenicol-resistant colonies, and to screen for occasional chloramphenicol-sensitive cells in a resistant population during cloning by insertional inactivation of the chloramphenicol resistance gene. PMID- 7042692 TI - Interaction of 125I-labeled colicin E1 with Escherichia coli. AB - Colicin E1 protein was labeled with (125)I to specific activities of up to 2 x 10(8) cpm/mg of protein and with no loss of the colicin biological activity. The labeled colicin bound to colicin E1-sensitive, tolerant, and immune E1 colicinogenic Escherichia coli. An E. coli mutant resistant to colicin E1 exhibited a much lower colicin-binding capacity. The average number of bound colicin molecules per sensitive cell increased as a function of the colicin concentration in the colicin cell interaction mixture and continued to increase even after loss of viability of the entire culture. Up to 2,400 colicin E1 molecules bound per cell, but saturation was not reached. Binding kinetics showed that maximum binding occurred within 2 to 5 min of colicin addition. Survival and binding assays indicated that one colicin killing unit corresponded to an average of about 100 colicin molecules bound per bacterial cell. This number, however, decreased to about 8 in more extensively washed cells. Trypsin digestion of the colicin-treated cells removed the majority of the cell-bound colicin, but in general provided little rescue from colicin killing. At low colicin concentrations, a linear relationship existed between survival and the number of trypsin-inaccessible colicin molecules. Under these circumstances and in agreement with single-hit kinetics, the relationship between the number of colicin killing units and the number of trypsin-inaccessible colicin molecules was close to 1. After trypsin digestion, cells that were nearly saturated with colicin retained about 200 trypsin-inaccessible colicin molecules per cell. The trypsin-inaccessible colicin might represent those colicin molecules that bound to the specific E colicin receptors of E. coli cells. PMID- 7042694 TI - Cloning of the regulatory genes (ompR and envZ) for the matrix proteins of the Escherichia coli outer membrane. AB - We have cloned the regulatory gene cluster of Escherichia coli which is composed of at least two distinct genes, ompR and envZ. These genes are known to regulate the production of the outer membrane matrix proteins. The newly formed plasmids were found to complement not only ompR mutations but also envZ mutations. The ompR gene product was identified as a protein of an apparent molecular weight of 28,500. PMID- 7042693 TI - Chromosomal location of att P7, the recA-independent p7 integration site used in the suppression of Escherichia coli dnaA mutations. AB - Conjugational and transductional analyses were used to determine the chromosomal location of attP7, the recA-independent integration site used by bacteriophage P7 to suppress host dnaA mutations. The site of integration was found to be between tolC and dnaG. An increase in transduction frequencies was observed for markers surrounding attP7 when P7 was integrated. Under these conditions, all pairs of markers in this region, including those separated by attP7, were cotransduced at frequencies higher than normal, indicating the possible production of P7 specialized transducing particles. PMID- 7042695 TI - Primary structure of the chromosomal origins (oriC) of Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae: comparisons and evolutionary relationships. AB - The nucleotide sequences of the Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae DNA replication origins (oriC) were determined and compared with those of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Four interrelated, 9-base-pair repeats were identified from the conserved regions within the minimal origin. Evolutionary rates calculated from the minimal origin sequences yielded a quantitative phylogenic tree which agreed with the taxonomic classification of these genera. PMID- 7042696 TI - The cloacin receptor of ColV-bearing Escherichia coli is part of the Fe3+ aerobactin transport system. AB - Escherichia coli strains which contain the Fe3+-aerobactin transport system specified by the ColV plasmid became deficient in aerobactin-dependent iron transport when they were converted to cloacin-resistant derivatives. An outer membrane protein with a molecular mass of 74,000 daltons was overproduced under iron-limiting growth conditions and was absent in cloacin-resistant mutants. Fe3+ aerobactin protected cells against cloacin. These results suggest that the cloacin receptor protein, controlled by the colV plasmid, also participates in Fe3+-aerobactin transport. PMID- 7042698 TI - Release of heat-labile enterotoxin subunits by Escherichia coli. AB - Most of the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) synthesized by Escherichia coli is cell associated; however, a small portion of LT (approximately 10%) is released by bacterial cells into the culture supernatant. The LT subunit B (LT-B) produced by a cloned LT-B gene (tox B) was released in amounts equal to the parent LT release. In contrast, no release of LT subunit A (LT-A) or its smaller derivatives was observed in strains containing cloned toxA genes. The data suggest that LT-B is necessary for the release of LT-A across the bacterial membrane. PMID- 7042697 TI - Direct participation of lexA protein in repression of colicin E1 synthesis. AB - Spontaneous colicin E1 production by plasmid RSF2124 in a recA lexA(spr) strain of Escherichia coli was about 10-fold greater than that observed in a wild-type strain. The synthesis was repressed nearly to the level of a recA strain in the presence of the plasmid pMCR551, which carries the lexA gene. PMID- 7042699 TI - Cardiovascular effects of phenelzine and amitriptyline in depressed outpatients. AB - Blood pressure and ECG changes were monitored in depressed outpatients treated for 6 weeks with amitriptyline, 150 mg/day, or phenelzine, 60 mg/day, as part of an ongoing double-blind study. Phenelzine produced significant decreases in blood pressure and a significant increase in orthostatic fall in pressure. Amitriptyline produced little overall change in blood pressure. The degree of MAO inhibition in phenelzine-treated patients was significantly correlated with blood pressure. Tricyclic plasma concentrations were also related to some blood pressure measures. Reported dizziness/faintness did not correlate with blood pressure changes in either group. Amitriptyline significantly increased heart rate, while phenelzine produced slowing. Amitriptyline was associated with significant prolongation of QRS and QTc but not PR intervals. Phenelzine produced significant shortening of the QTc interval. PMID- 7042700 TI - Primary structure of the polypeptide chain elongation factor Tu from E. coli. I. Amino acid sequence of fragment B. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of Fragment B obtained by the limited tryptic digestion of E. coli polypeptide chain elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) was determined. Seven peptides formed from Fragment B by cleavage with cyanogen bromide (designated as CB1 to CB7 according to their order of alignment from N- to C-termini of Fragment B) were purified, and six of them were completely sequenced by the manual method of sequential Edman degradation with direct identification of the phenylthiohydantoin-amino acids. The remaining one cyanogen bromide peptide (CB6) containing 109 amino acid residues was further digested with trypsin. Twelve tryptic peptides (designated as T1 to T12 according to their order of alignment from N- to C-termini of CB6) were isolated, and their amino acid sequences were analyzed. The alignment of CB peptides was based on the results of the automated sequence analysis of Fragment B from its N-terminal, and the sequence analysis of the overlapping peptides containing sulfhydryl groups obtained by the complete tryptic digestion of Fragment B. The alignment of peptides T1 to T12 on CB6 was based on the result of the automated sequence analysis of CB6, and the sequence of the overlapping peptide obtained by the chemical cleavage of CB6 at the tryptophan residue using cyanogen bromide in heptafluorobutyric acid. The nucleotide sequence of the tuf A gene was also utilized for the alignment of these peptides. Fragment B comprises amino acid residues 59 to 263 of E. coli EF-Tu, which consists of 393 amino acids. It contains two functional (SH1 and SH2) and one non-functional (SH3) sulfhydryl groups of EF-Tu. All of the five histidine residues in Fragment B were distributed within the first N-terminal quarter, and three of them were found to be clustered around SH2. Although E. coli EF-Tu consists of two gene products (tuf A and tuf B), no microheterogeneity was found in the amino acid sequence of Fragment B. PMID- 7042701 TI - Purification and characterization of the assimilatory NADPH-nitrate reductase of Aspergillus nidulans. AB - NADPH-nitrate reductase [NADPH : nitrate oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.6.3] was purified 500-fold from Aspergillus nidulans with an overall yield of about 20%. The purified enzyme catalyzed NADPH-nitrate, NADPH-cytochrome c, FADH2-nitrate and reduced methyl viologen-nitrate reductase activities. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 180,000 from the Stokes radius and sedimentation coefficient. The oxidized enzyme exhibited an absorption spectrum having a peak at 412 nm and a broad shoulder at about 450 nm. When reduced with NADPH, absorption peaks appeared at 423 (Soret), 527 (beta) and 557 (alpha) nm, and absorption in the 450 nm region decreased. Upon treatment of the reduced enzyme with KNO3, the spectrum returned to that of the oxidized enzyme. The presence of protoheme in the enzyme was confirmed by the absorption spectrum of reduced pyridine hemochromogen. It was concluded that a b-type cytochrome ("cytochrome b-557") is present in the enzyme and is involved in the intramolecular electron transport from NADPH to nitrate. The NADPH-nitrate and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activities, but not the other two activities, were significantly decreased by incubation of the enzyme at 37 degrees C in the absence of FAD. Analysis by SDS slab gel electrophoresis suggested that the nitrate reductase consists of two each of two subunits of 59,000 and 38,000 daltons and that a dissociation of 38,000 subunits from the native enzyme occurs during heat treatment, resulting in alteration of the catalytic activity. PMID- 7042702 TI - Aldehyde reductase from Crithidia fasciculata: purification and characterization. AB - Crithidia fasciculata, a pterin requiring protozoa, contained a NADPH-dependent dihydro-6-formylpterin reducing enzyme. The aldehyde reductase was purified and characterized. This enzyme was soluble and constitutive, and had the ability to catalyze the interconversion between aldehydes and alcohols. The optimal pH was 7.0 for the reductase activity and 9.0 for the dehydrogenase activity. The enzyme had a broad substrate specificity and reduced aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes such as dihydro-6-formylpterin, benzaldehyde, pyridine-3-aldehyde, butyraldehyde, DL-glyceraldehyde, and acetaldehyde. The enzyme was inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents and heavy metals, but not inhibited by chelating reagents. Its molecular weight was determined to be 66,000 and 72,000 by gel filtration and sedimentation equilibrium analysis, respectively. The value of 39,000 was obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis indicating a dimeric structure. The aldehyde reductase of Crithidia may be classified as NADP+-dependent aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.91]. PMID- 7042703 TI - Formation of dehydrosqualene catalyzed by squalene synthetase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - When microsomal fraction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was incubated with farnesyl pyrophosphate or presqualene pyrophosphate in the presence of Mn2+, 12,13-cis dehydrosqualene (DeH2Sq) and some related compounds were found to be formed. Incubation in the presence of NADPH gave rise to only squalene. By heat treatment of the microsomal fraction, the DeH2Sq- and squalene-forming activities were inactivated at approximately the same rate. The elution patterns of both activities upon Sephacryl S-200 chromatography of the enzyme solubilized from the microsomal fraction with taurodeoxycholate coincided completely. These results indicate that DeH2Sq formation in yeast is catalyzed by squalene synthetase. Divalent cation was essential for this reaction and Mn2+ was six times more effective than Mg2+. DeH2Sq formation was also observed when microsomes of pig liver were used instead of yeast microsomal fraction, suggesting that this reaction is a ubiquitous one among the eucaryotes which are capable of synthesizing sterols. Based on these observations, the mechanisms of DeH2Sq and squalene formation are discussed. PMID- 7042704 TI - Stress-induced activation of inactive renin. Molecular weight aspects. AB - We have investigated the response of plasma renin activity (PRA), total, active, and inactive plasma renin concentration (PRC) to immobilization stress in rats. A great increase of PRA was already found after 5 min of immobilization. In contrast, total PRC was elevated only after 1 h of stress. During the initial 15 min, the increase of active PRC was quantitatively matched by the decrease of inactive PRC. This suggests that the initial very rapid response of the plasma renin-angiotensin system to immobilization stress is facilitated by the activation of inactive renin. To get more information about this in vivo activation process, we performed gel filtration of control, acid-treated control, and plasma from 15-min immobilized rats. In the control plasma, two peaks with renin-like activity corresponded to molecular weights of approximately 43,000 and 36,000. Acid-activatable renin was eluted at four molecular weights: 50,000, 58,000, 72,000, and 85,000. In acid-treated control plasma, the peak at 85,000 was decreased and the peak at 43,000 was increased. In plasma from 15-min immobilized rats, the inactive renin of Mr 50,000 was suppressed more than that of 85,000 while the level of active renin, Mr 43,000, was much higher than in controls. The results indicate that stress-induced in vivo activation of inactive renin does not proceed by the same mechanism as in vitro acid-activation. PMID- 7042705 TI - Identification of an active site cysteine residue in Escherichia coli pyruvate oxidase. AB - The cysteine-directed reagent N-ethylmaleimide rapidly and completely inactivates pyruvate oxidase. This inactivation is correlated with the reaction of one cysteine residue per enzyme monomer. In the presence of the cofactor, thiamin pyrophosphate, the enzyme is not inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. Furthermore, the N-ethylmaleimide-inactivated enzyme exhibits a very low affinity for the cofactor as determined by a fluorescence quenching technique. The presence of a reactive cysteine residue at the thiamin pyrophosphate binding site is therefore indicated. Although N-ethylmaleimide completely inactivates the enzyme, a second sulfhydryl reagent methylmethanethiosulfonate is only partially inhibitory. It is shown that methylmethanethiosulfonate and N-ethylmaleimide react with the same cysteine residue. Thus, the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive residue is probably not directly involved in catalysis. PMID- 7042706 TI - The nucleotide sequence of the structural gene for Escherichia coli tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of trpS, the structural gene for Escherichia coli tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, was determined using a plasmid carrying the structural gene. From the single open reading frame of correct length and orientation we deduced an amino acid sequence consistent with the amino acid composition of the purified protein. In addition, previously sequenced peptides representing 52% of the protein were readily aligned with regions of the deduced sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence of the E. coli enzyme is 60% homologous with the sequence of the enzyme from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Using currently available procedures we predicted the secondary structure for the enzyme from each organism and compared these structures to those of the two aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases whose three-dimensional structures have been determined. We used a convenient plasmid recombination procedure to map the regional locations of missense mutations within trpS that have characteristic effects on the properties of the enzyme. PMID- 7042707 TI - Utilization of primers and primer-templates by wheat germ RNA polymerase II. PMID- 7042708 TI - Presence of branched portion in poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) in vivo. PMID- 7042709 TI - Assembly of the mitochondrial membrane system. Processing of the apocytochrome b precursor RNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae D273-10B. AB - The DNA sequence of the apocytochrome b gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae D273-10B contains two intervening sequences (Nobrega, F. G., and Tzagoloff, A. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 9828-9837). The exon-intron boundaries of the gene have been determined in this study from the sequence of the DNA which was copied from the mRNA. A protein of 385 amino acid residues is predicted from the 1155-nucleotide long coding regions. Northern blot analysis of total mitochondrial RNA, probed with restriction fragments from both exon and intron regions of the gene, reveals a 4.3-kilobase (kb) transcript containing both introns and two partially spliced intermediates, one (2.9 kb) lacking the first intron and the other (3.6 kb) lacking the second intron. The most abundant transcript (2.1 kb) hybridizes only to exon probes and is presumed to the fully spliced mRNA. S1 nuclease mapping of the purified mRNA indicates existence of two separate RNAs with identical 3' termini but differing by approximately 217 nucleotides at their 5' ends. The larger transcript has a 950-nucleotide nontranslated leader. Analyses of the RNA species present in various rho- and mit- mutants indicate that: 1) exon mutants process both introns, albeit not as efficiently as wild type, 2) intron mutants blocked in the excision of the first or second intron are capable of processing the alternate intron, suggesting a non-obligatory order of excision of the two intervening sequences, and 3) excision of the second intron occurs in rho- mutants and therefore does not require a mitochondrial translation product. PMID- 7042710 TI - Brain renin from bovine anterior pituitary. Isolation and properties. AB - Brain renin has been purified 1,670,000-fold to homogeneity from bovine anterior pituitary in seven steps, including affinity chromatography on pepstatin aminohexyl-agarose. The molecular weight of this enzyme is 36,000 as determined by gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 44 and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme has an isoelectric point of 5.25 and works best at physiological pH. In contrast to renal renin, bovine brain renin fails to bind to concanavalin A and four other lectins. The angiotensin I-forming activity of the purified brain renin was completely neutralized by anti-hog renal renin antibody. Rabbit antisera against pure brain renin showed a low degree of species and tissue specificity, reacting readily with hog brain renin and bovine and hog kidney renins. These results provide definite evidence for the presence of a functional brain renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 7042711 TI - A time study comparing the appearance of catabolites of 9 alpha, 11 alpha, 15(S) trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoic acid in blood and urine during constant intravenous infusion of tritiated 9 alpha, 11 alpha, 15(S)-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoic acid in the rat. Isolation of a new circulating catabolite. AB - Profiles of 9 alpha, 11 alpha, 15(S)-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoic acid (PGF2 alpha) and its catabolites in blood and urine of male adult Wistar rats were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography during and after slow intravenous infusion of tritium-labeled PGF2 alpha. In addition to PGF2 alpha and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha, a major catabolite in blood during the infusion was identified as tetranor-15-keto-13,14-dihyro-PGF2 alpha (VII). This product was absent in the corresponding urine samples. VII was still detected in blood 2 h after the infusion was terminated. VII was previously shown by us to be an intermediate in the formation of certain urinary products of PGF2 alpha. These other catabolites of PGF2 alpha were also observed in both blood and urine although their levels were greater in the urine. Our observations indicate that a long lasting catabolite of PGF2 alpha, i.e. VII, as well as all the urinary catabolites of PGF2 alpha appear in the circulation. These results suggest that these catabolites are mostly (although not exclusively) extrarenal in origin (probably all hepatic) entering the circulation prior to their excretion by the kidney. PMID- 7042712 TI - Assignment of the functional loci in the colicin E1 molecule by characterization of its proteolytic fragments. AB - We obtained two fragments of colicin E1 by limited proteolysis with thermolysin. Both of the fragments have an ionophore-like activity. One of the fragments, Th1 (Mr = 18,000), induces an increase in membrane ion permeability comparable with that with whole colicin E1 when assayed with liposomes prepared from soybean phospholipids. This suggests that Th1 is an active fragment of colicin E1. The size of this fragment is about one-third of that of colicin E1 and it was found that the fragment is derived from the COOH-terminal part of colicin E1. A larger fragment, Th2 (Mr = 39,000), was also obtained on thermolysin treatment of colicin E1, which comprises the two-thirds of colicin E1 from the COOH terminus and has a receptor-binding activity in addition to the same ionophore-like activity of Th1. Th2 has the ability to kill osmotic shocked cells but not intact cells, suggesting that the NH2-terminal portion of colicin E1, which was lost in Th2, is responsible for the transport of the colicin molecule through the outer membrane. Thus, the regions which possess or correlate to the ionophore-like, receptor-binding, and transmembrane activities of colicin E1 were assigned to the COOH-terminal, central, and NH2-terminal parts of the molecule, respectively. PMID- 7042713 TI - Partial reconstitution of active eukaryotic ribosomes following dissociation with dimethylmaleic anhydride. AB - Modification of yeast ribosomes with dimethylmaleic anhydride, a reagent for protein amino groups, is accompanied by loss of polypeptide-synthesizing activity. This activity can be recovered by incubation at pH 6, which produces regeneration of the modified amino groups. Dimethylmaleic anhydride modification also causes the dissociation of proteins from the ribosomes. Protein-deficient ribosomal particles are prepared from 80 S ribosomes or 60 S subunits by treatment with a molar excess of reagent relative to ribosomal particles equal to 6300 or 4800, respectively. The core particles from 80 S ribosomes lack 18% and those from 60 S subunits 40% of the total protein in the corresponding untreated control. In both cases, there is a selective release of proteins, the protein deficient particles being able to reconstitute active 60 S subunits upon addition of the corresponding split proteins. The reconstituted ribosomal particles, when assayed in the presence of native 40 S subunits, are active in poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis (30-90% of the activity of a dimethylmaleic anhydride untreated control, as compared to 0-15% when the split proteins are excluded). This procedure could prove useful in the study of the structure and function of the eukaryotic ribosome. PMID- 7042714 TI - The receptor for colicin E3. Isolation and some properties. AB - A simple method for the isolation of the colicin E3 receptor is described. The receptor was extracted with lithium diiodesalicylate/urea/Triton X-100/EDTA from the cell envelope of Escherichia coli. The combination of affinity chromatography on immobilized protein A of colicin E3 with the efficient extraction led to the preparation of the receptor in a pure form, with a good yield (70%) and high activity. The purified receptor was a pure protein with a molecular weight of 60,000. The receptor protein was prepared in micelles of Triton X-100, and formed an equimolar complex with each E colicin (E1, E2, and E3), respectively. However, in the absence of the micelles, the receptor protein was easily inactivated. PMID- 7042715 TI - The biosynthesis of membrane-bound M13 coat protein. Energetics and assembly intermediates. AB - The major coat protein of bacteriophage M13 spans the plasma membrane of infected cells prior to its assembly into extruding virus. It is initially made as a precursor, termed procoat, with a 23-residue leader sequence at its NH2 terminus. Procoat is found bound to the inner surface of the plasma membrane. The electrical potential of the cell membrane is required for procoat insertion and conversion to coat protein, although the order of these events has been unknown. We now report studies of the conversion of a mutant procoat (procoat-R6) from the virus M13am8H1R6 to mutant coat (coat R6). The behavior of procoat-R6 differs from that of the wild type procoat in three respects. (i) Pulse-labeled procoat R6 is largely found inserted across the cell membrane. This suggests that the active site of leader peptidase is on the periplasmic membrane face and that insertion normally precedes processing for wild type procoat as well. (ii) Despite the greater abundance of inserted procoat-R6 in M13am8H1R6-infected cells than inserted procoat in wild type infections, procoat-R6 is processed to coat-R6 more slowly than procoat is converted to coat. (iii) The membrane insertion and proteolytic processing of procoat-R6 are almost completely insensitive to uncouplers. We present a working model for the energetics and assembly intermediates of coat protein biosynthesis. PMID- 7042717 TI - The age of weaning in Britain 1500-1800. PMID- 7042716 TI - Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of chromosomal proteins in the HeLa S3 cell cycle. AB - Change in the level of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation during the cell cycle of HeLa S3 cells was examined in three different in vitro systems: isolated nuclei, chromatin, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase extracted from isolated nuclei, and by the direct immunofluorescent antibody technique in situ. In isolated nuclei, after release from thymidine-hydroxyurea double block, the level of poly(ADP ribosyl)ation was low in the S phase and increased in the late G2 phase with a peak in the M phase. In chromatin, the level began to increase in the mid-late S phase, was maintained at a high level throughout the G2 phase, decreased in the M phase, and became basal during the G1 phase. The activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase extracted from isolated nuclei was relatively high throughout the cell cycle and was highest in the G2 phase. Similar changes during the HeLa S3 cell cycle were observed in the three systems after release from Colcemid block. In synchronously growing HeLa S3 cells in situ, nuclei in the G2-M phase were stained strongest for poly(ADP-ribose) by the immunofluorescent staining. These results were consistent with the peak of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in the G2-M phase observed in the nuclear system in vitro. PMID- 7042718 TI - Isonymy and population structure of Irish isolates during the 1890s. PMID- 7042719 TI - Localization of mitotic factors on metaphase chromosomes. AB - The objective of this study was to determine whether the mitotic factors of HeLa cells, which induce meiotic maturation, i.e. germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and chromosome condensation, when injected into fully grown Xenopus laevis oocytes, were localized in the cytoplasm or associated with the metaphase chromosomes. Cytoplasmic extracts were prepared by lysing mitotic HeLa cells in low-salt hypotonic buffer and separating the chromosomes by centrifugation. Th mitotic factors bound to chromosomes were extracted with high-salt (0.2 M-NaCl) buffer. Both the cytoplasmic and chromosomal protein fractions were evaluated for their maturation-promoting activity (MPA) in the Xenopus oocytes. The results of this study indicate that both the cytoplasmic and chromosomal fractions are identical in many respects, including their ability to induce GVBD, but the specific activity of the chromosomal fraction was at least threefold greater than that of the cytoplasmic fraction. These data suggest that a major portion of the mitotic factors is localized on the metaphase chromosomes. This association does not appear to be due to adventitious binding of mitotic proteins to chromosomes during the extraction procedures. Furthermore, when extracts were prepared in a similar way from early- and mid-G2-phase HeLa cells, only the nuclear extracts had MPA and no activity was found in the cytoplasmic fraction. Both the cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts of late-G2 cells exhibited MPA. These data support the conclusion that the mitotic factors become preferentially bound to chromatin as soon as they are synthesized, and as the cell synthesizes more of these factors in preparation for mitosis, increasing amounts of them are retained in the cytoplasm. PMID- 7042720 TI - Interaction between intracellular vacuoles and the cell surface analysed by finite aperture theory interference reflection microscopy. AB - Using finite aperture theory we have shown that localized very dark areas in the interference reflection images of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae are due to the close intracellular approach of vesicles and tubular elements of the contractile vacuole system to the plasma membrane adjacent to the substratum. Vesicles interacting in this way become locally deformed to the planar contour of the substratum and are separated from the cell surface membrane by a constant approximately less than 0.1 micron of cytoplasm. Lamellar processes formed by these cells on very adhesive surfaces have identical dimensions. This minimal thickness may be a mechanical consequence of a contractile mechanism which pulls membranes together. PMID- 7042721 TI - Fibronectin, intercellular junctions and the sorting-out of chick embryonic tissue cells in monolayer. AB - A hierarchy of relative cohesiveness in monolayer of four different embryonic chick tissues was determined in a previous study. The hierarchy is: corneal epithelium congruent to liver parenchyma greater than pigmented epithelium greater than limb bud mesenchyme. The purpose of this paper is to describe the correlation between these adhesive relationships and, firstly, the amount of the adhesive glycoprotein, fibronectin, associated with the cells and, secondly, the morphology of their intercellular contacts. Fluorescent antibody staining of the cells with anti-fibronectin antibody showed that limb bud mesenchyme cells, the most weakly cohesive, had much more fibronectin than the other cell types. Thus there was a negative correlation between the amount of fibronectin and cellular cohesiveness. Analysis of intercellular contacts by electron microscopy showed that the most strongly cohesive cell types, corneal epithelium and liver parenchyma, were also those that possessed desmosomes. PMID- 7042722 TI - Cell shape and organization of cytoskeleton and surface fibronectin in non tumorigenic and tumorigenic rat liver cultures. AB - Morphological changes associated with neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells were studied in a series of IAR cell lines derived from rat liver. The series included three independently obtained, non-tumorigenic lines and five derived, tumorigenic lines. The morphology of cell surfaces was observed by scanning electron microscopy; the distribution of actin, tubulin and fibronectin was determined by indirect immunofluorescence. All the non-tumorigenic lines had a typical epithelioid morphology: isolated cells of these lines spread on the substratum had a discoid shape and contained circular, marginal bundles of microfilaments and microtubules. In denser areas, the cells formed monolayered sheets with characteristic marginal bundles of microfilaments near the free edges. Decreased spreading of isolated cells on the substratum was the characteristic feature that distinguished tumorigenic lines from their non tumorigenic parent lines. In particular a decrease in the size of the ring-like, peripheral lamella and its disintegration into several discrete lamellar zones were often observed; as a result, the cell shape was altered from discoid to polygonal or elongated. The altered distribution of microfilament bundles and microtubules was characteristic in elongated cells; the pattern of the cytoskeletal elements of these cells resembled that of polarized fibroblasts. Complete disappearance of microfilament bundles was observed in cells of only one tumorigenic line. Various degrees of disorganization of monolayered cell sheets were observed in tumorigenic cultures, accompanied by an altered distribution of microfilament bundles. The alterations in the fibronectin-containing structures were more complex: there were often fewer fibronectin "spots' and fibrils at the lower surfaces of cells of tumorigenic cultures as compared with those of non tumorigenic ones; there were more fibrils in dense cultures of certain lines but fewer in others. It is concluded that alterations in the ability to spread on the substratum and to form cell-cell contacts are common features of morphologically transformed fibroblastic and epithelial cultures. However, the actual changes in the cytoskeletal structures that accompany these alterations are different in transformed cultures of various tissue types. PMID- 7042724 TI - The use of red cells with fused Semliki Forest virus envelope proteins in antibody determinations by hemolysis in gel. AB - Chicken red blood cells with fused Semliki Forest virus (SFV) proteins on the cell membrane were used in the hemolysis-in-gel (HIG) plates. Optimally the plate contained a 1.5 mm thick gel of 1% agarose with 1% red cells and 1 unit/ml gel of complement. 400 ng of SFV was fused to the red cells in 1 ml of the gel (about 20 virions fused to one red cell). Five microliters of inactivated (56 degrees C, 30 min) serum samples were pipetted into wells in the gel. After 20 h of incubation at 37 degrees C the diameters of the hemolytic zones were directly proportional to the logarithm of the serum dilution. This made it possible to calculate the antibody titers for the samples using an experimental formula T = 10 phi / kappa (T is the titer, phi the diameter in mm and kappa a variable coefficient, which had to be determined for each batch of the plates using a standard serum). Using regression and residual analyses, the formula was shown to fit the experimental results. The fusion-based HIG could be read after as early as 2 h of incubation. The specificity of the test was studied using antisera against Western equine encephalomyelitis, Eastern equine encephalomyelitis, Chikungunya and Uruma viruses, which all gave negative results in the SVF HIG test. Antisera against SFV E1 and E2 proteins were positive, but anti-E3 serum was negative when measured in the SVF HIG test. PMID- 7042723 TI - Separation and measurement of isoenzymes and other proteins by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - We review the state-of-the-art of the separation of isoenzymes and other proteins by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and their subsequent, continuous detection and activity assay by post-column reaction (PCR). We describe the developments leading to current practice. These developments are categorized by column packings, post-column reaction detectors and applications in which specific analysis systems for isoenzymes, especially for lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and creatine kinase (CK) are discussed. Although HPLC coupled with PCR detection is well developed and in many cases is analytically superior to other isoenzyme technologies, it is not at the present used for routine clinical applications. We expect this trend to be reversed with clinical demonstration and the addition of commercially available automation. PMID- 7042725 TI - An in vitro assay for K-papovavirus of mice. AB - Primary cultures of mouse embryo cells were inoculated with K virus, a murine papovavirus, and were examined for cytopathic effect (CPE) of for the development of fluorescent antibody staining specific for K virus V antigen. CPE was not observed. However, numerous cells in infected cultures exhibited positive nuclear fluorescence, and the presence of papovavirus virions was demonstrated by electron microscopy. Extracts from infected cultures produced typical K virus pneumonia in newborn mice. Inoculation of cultures with serial dilutions of virus demonstrated that these cells provide a fluorescent antibody assay for K virus equal in sensitivity to animal inoculation methods. Although specific K virus fluorescence was also detected in cultures of fetal mouse endocardial cells, livers, placentas, and brains, positive cells were much less abundant in these cultures than in cultures of mouse embryo cells. The mouse embryo culture assay described in the present paper represents the first method of measuring K virus infectivity in vitro. PMID- 7042726 TI - Comparison of two methods of virus detection by immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) using protein A. AB - The efficiency of two methods of immunosorbent electron microscopy has been compared. The first method consists in trapping virus particles by means of Staphylococcus aureus cells coated with a layer of viral antibodies; the second method consists in trapping virus particles o electron microscope grids coated with specific antibody. A suspension containing 107 antibody-coated bacteria trapped the total number of virions present in 1 ml of a 500 ng/ml virus preparation; the cells were then fully saturated with virions, and approximately 100 virions (of 30 nm diameter) were visible at the periphery of each cell. When 107 cells/ml were used the minimum virus concentration needed to see one virion at the cell periphery was 5 ng/ml. Antibody-coated grids allowed for the detection of approximately the same quantity of virus, but the data obtained with the method were more reproducible and suitable for quantitation. PMID- 7042727 TI - Adjusted survival curve estimation using covariates. AB - Covariate adjustment techniques, such as Cox's proportional hazard model, are used frequently in the analysis of clinical trials to compare survival of patients in two or more treatment groups. A visual display of survival curves for each treatment group is often plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method even though statistical adjustment techniques are used in making treatment comparisons. As a result, a statistically significant difference may be achieved between treatment groups although the survival curves appear similar. One solution to this problem was suggested by Hankey and Myers who derived survival curves accounting for patient characteristics based on Mantel's statistic. In this paper a method for estimating survival curves with covariates is described for use with Cox's model. An example is provided to illustrate its usefulness in providing to the medical audience a graphical display which is consistent with the achieved level of statistical significance. PMID- 7042728 TI - Intellectual functioning in renal failure and chronic dialysis. AB - The research literature on intellectual functioning in uremia and maintenance hemodialysis for renal failure is critically reviewed. The most frequently assessed neuropsychological functions have been general intelligence, memory, and attentional processes. Studies have consistently found lowered performance IQ scores compared to verbal IQ scores in renal failure patients prior to dialysis onset, suggesting the presence of intellectual deficit due to cortical dysfunction. The role of intelligence in adjustment to dialysis has not been clearly explicated, due in part to methodological variations among studies. Several studies point to significant improvement in short-term memory both after onset of maintenance dialysis and from one day before to one day after an individual dialysis treatment session. Attentional functions appear to improve after onset of dialysis treatment as well, but small sample sizes limit the conclusiveness of the data on these cortical processes. Future research efforts should be aimed at correlating physiologic with neuropsychological data and at longitudinal study of intellectual functioning in dialysis patients. PMID- 7042729 TI - Insulin-like growth factor in pregnancy: studies in a growth hormone-deficient dwarf. AB - Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF I and IGF II) were measured before, during and after pregnancy in a GH-deficient dwarf. At no time during these periods did the patient secrete GH in response to an arginine infusion or insulin tolerance test. IGF I and IGF II concentrations before pregnancy were low and similar to those of patients deficient only in GH. During the 35th week of gestation, IGF I and IGF II serum concentrations were within the normal range (165 and 127 ng/ml for IGF I and 740 and 860 ng/ml for IGF II). Abnormally low values of IGF I and IGF II were again recorded 36 h postpartum and 35 days later. These data indicate that some material, probably of placental origin, stimulates the secretion of not only IGF I, but IGF II as well. Alternatively, the human placenta may produce IGF. Such secretion can occur without the prior maternal secretion of pituitary GH. PMID- 7042730 TI - Evidence for cholinergic and vagal noncholinergic mechanisms modulating plasma motilin-like immunoreactivity. AB - Basal concentrations of plasma motilin-like immunoreactivity (MLI) and responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were measured in healthy subjects (n = 13) in diabetics with clinical evidence of autonomic neuropathy (AN; n = 7), in diabetics without AN (n = 9), and in five recently (6--12 months) vagotomized subjects. Mean basal MLI concentrations were similar in the healthy subjects (141 +/- 21.5 pg/ml) and diabetics without AN (124 +/- 22.4 pg/ml), but were significantly higher in diabetics with AN (349 +/- 71.5 pg/ml) and in vagotomized subjects (381 +/- 47.6 pg/ml). In both healthy subjects and diabetics without AN, the acute administration of insulin (0.1--0.2 U/kg) caused a fall in the mean MLI concentration, reaching a nadir within 20 min, returning to the basal concentration by 60 min, and rising above basal levels by 90 min. In diabetics with AN and vagotomized subjects, the fall in MLI persisted for 90 min. Intravenous atropine administered 15 min after the insulin injection in healthy subjects did not impair the return to basal. The responses were not related to the degree of hypoglycemia, the absolute or relative fall in blood glucose concentrations, or differences in blood glucose among healthy subjects, diabetics, or vagotomized subjects. It appears, therefore, that insulin lowers plasma MLI levels, which are restored to basal by a vagal noncholinergic mechanism. Furthermore, the vagus exerts a suppressive effect on basal MLI levels, and vagotomy and diabetic autovagotomy are associated with abnormal elevation of MLI levels. Since motilin is thought to be important in interdigestive intestinal motility, abnormalities in MLI secretion in diabetics with autonomic neuropathy may contribute to gastrointestinal stasis and erratic diabetic control. PMID- 7042731 TI - Effects of cranial radiation on hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal function: abnormal growth hormone secretory dynamics. AB - The function of the hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal unit was tested in 2 groups of rhesus monkeys before and at periodic intervals after the administration of 2400 and 4000 rads cranial radiation. This therapy was given in 10 fractions over a 2 week period. Plasma TSH, basally and after TRH administration, and LH and FSH, before and after gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation, were normal up to 1 yr after radiation. Plasma GH at the basal state and after arginine and L-dopa stimulation was also normal. An insulin tolerance test, however, demonstrated a blunted GH response at a dose (0.1 U/kg) that caused brisk stimulation of GH secretion in normal control monkeys. A larger dose of insulin (0.2 U/kg) resulted in ample secretion of GH in these animals, suggesting decreased hypothalamic sensitivity to insulin in treated animals. The measurement of GH every 20 min for 24 h in animals treated with 4000 rads showed a dramatically altered secretory pattern of GH 1 yr after radiation. GH secretory spikes were markedly decreased in both frequency and amplitude, suggesting a reduction in the normal daily production of GH. PMID- 7042732 TI - A possible role of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the control of the endocrine pancreas. AB - This study examines the effect of baclofen, a specific gamma-aminobutyric acid analog which crosses the blood-brain barrier freely, upon insulin, glucagon, and GH responses to iv glucose in normal man. Normal subjects received two consecutive iv glucose tolerance tests (0.33 g/kg) before and after the acute oral administration of 5, or 10 or 20 mg baclofen, respectively, (10 subjects for each group). The dose of baclofen was divided and given 8 and 1 h before the performance of the posttreatment test. A fourth group of normal subjects served as placebo group (8 subjects). The highest dose of baclofen significantly increased insulin responses to glucose and raised basal glucagon levels (P less than 0.01). No significant change occurred with the other doses. Baclofen produced a dose-related increase in basal GH levels; a 10-fold increase was observed with the 20-mg dose. However, glucose-induced glucagon and GH suppression were not affected by baclofen. Despite the increased hormonal secretions, glucose tolerance did not change after baclofen. These results seem to indicate that gamma-aminobutyric acid may play a role in the neuroendocrine control of the pancreatic islets. PMID- 7042733 TI - Role of the sympathetic nervous system in blood pressure maintenance in obesity. AB - A group of 10 borderline hypertensive obese subjects had higher (P less than 0.05) supine plasma norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine, and PRA levels as well as greater (P less than 0.05) NE responses to upright posture and isometric handgrip exercise than 12 nonobese controls. Plasma NE as well as mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to posture and handgrip in the obese patients demonstrated a significant decrement at week 2 after the onset of a low calorie diet. Decrements in plasma NE and MAP responses to posture were correlated (r = 0.61; P less than 0.05) throughout an 8-week period of weight loss in these borderline hypertensive obese subjects. In 15 normotensive obese subjects as well as in the 10 borderline hypertensive obese subjects, weight reduction associated with a very low calorie intake was accompanied by a reduction in supine plasma NE, epinephrine, and MAP 2 weeks after the onset of dieting. PRA decreased after 8 weeks of dieting in both obese groups, and these PRA decrements were correlated with reductions in MAP and decrements in plasma NE. We conclude that enhanced sympathetic activity may play a role in the maintenance of elevated blood pressure in obese individuals. Decreases in PRA and blood pressure associated with weight loss in both normotensive and hypertensive obese individuals occurs, in part, secondary to reductions in plasma NE levels. PMID- 7042734 TI - Insulin resistance and diabetes due to a genetic defect in insulin receptors. AB - A 14-yr-old woman presented with fasting hyperglycemia (269 mg/dl), fasting hyperinsulinemia (45 microU/ml), acanthosis nigricans, and insulin resistance. The patient's circulating insulin was normal by physical and biological criteria, and insulin receptor antibodies were not detected. Both the patient's in vivo dose-response curve for insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated adipocytes were shifted to the right and showed marked decreases in the maximal insulin response. Basal hepatic glucose output was significantly increased, and the in vivo dose-response curve for insulin-mediated suppression of basal hepatic glucose output was shifted to the right. Insulin binding to the patient's erythrocytes, monocytes, and adipocytes was markedly decreased. To confirm that the severe reduction in cellular insulin receptors was a primary rather than an acquired defect, similar studies were conducted using cultured fibroblasts. No detectable binding of insulin to these cells was observed. Further studies showed that the patient's mother and two sisters were hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant, and had comparable, although less severe, changes in insulin binding. The patient was also demonstrated to have an insulin secretory defect both to both oral and iv glucose challenges. We thus conclude that this family demonstrates a genetic deficiency of insulin receptors, resulting in insulin resistance and, in this patient, severe diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7042735 TI - Bioactive luteinizing hormone pituitary reserves during normal and abnormal male puberty. PMID- 7042736 TI - The importance of insulin-like growth factor (somatomedin) measurements in the diagnosis and surveillance of acromegaly. PMID- 7042737 TI - Luteal function in hypophysectomized rhesus monkeys. AB - Experiments were designed to study the maintenance of corpus luteum function in the rhesus monkey. The experiments used a transfrontal microsurgical approach for total hypophysectomy. This proved to be a reliable and safe procedure for the complete removal of the pituitary gland. Luteal function was not affected by either complete hypophysectomy or sham surgery performed 1 day after ovulation. The concentrations of PRL in serum became undetectable during the luteal phase in hypophysectomized animals. Serum LH levels in the first postoperative cycle were detectable, but were just above the lower limits of sensitivity of the bioassay. Ovulation was induced with human menopausal gonadotropin and hCG or human menopausal gonadotropin and human LH at least 6 months after hypophysectomy, at which time endogenous LH was undetectable. These animals displayed normal luteal function, for approximately 10 days suggesting that the corpus luteum, once formed, can function independently of circulating LH and in the absence of the pituitary gland. PMID- 7042738 TI - Bromocriptine does not inhibit the aldosterone response to sodium depletion. AB - This study was designed to investigate the influence of the dopamine agonist, bromocriptine, on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system during dietary sodium restriction. Five normal white male volunteer subjects were studied in metabolic balance at constant 150 meq sodium, 60 meq potassium intake, and then daily for 7 days on an isocaloric constant diet of 10 meq sodium and 60 meq potassium/day. The subjects were studied once during administration of bromocriptine and again in the presence of bromocriptine placebo. After a stepwise daily decrease in urinary sodium excretion, sodium balance was achieved on the sixth day of low sodium intake. Renal sodium conservation in response to dietary sodium restriction was associated with parallel increases in PRA, plasma aldosterone concentration, and urinary aldosterone excretion. These changes were not significantly different during placebo and bromocriptine administration. Bromocriptine was active at the pituitary dopamine receptor, as serum PRL concentrations were suppressed to undetectable levels. The results indicate that bromocriptine does not alter the response of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to sodium restriction. PMID- 7042739 TI - Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein-like material in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 34 unselected neurological patients was studied for pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) activity because of the recent finding of SP1 production by cultured glial cells. An organic central nervous system lesion was diagnosed in 9 patients, but not in the other 25. Low levels of SP1 immunoreactivity were found in CSF by RIA, and the adsorption of anti-SP1 antiserum with concentrated CSF abolished the positive immunohistochemical staining of placental tissue obtained with the unadsorbed antiserum. By means of immunoadsorption using monoclonal anti-SP1 antibodies, it was possible to isolate SP1 immunoreactive material from CSF and to demonstrate that it had the same electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as purified placental SP1. These results show that CSF contains SP1-like material that is closely related, if not identical, to placental SP1. The amount of SP1 in CSF has no direct correlation to an organic central nervous system lesion or to abnormality of the CSF. PMID- 7042740 TI - Naloxone decreases food intake in obese humans. PMID- 7042741 TI - Review: the value of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) as a model for research in craniofacial development. AB - American alligators exhibit a number of morphological features which are more characteristic of mammals than reptiles. This unique combination makes an extremely useful animal for experimental investigations of craniofacial development. Thus, it is possible to make a longitudinal study of the development of the alligator's secondary palate by utilizing shell-less culture techniques. Incubation of eggs at 28 degrees C, as opposed to 3 degrees C, slows development sufficiently to enable both the recovery of critical intermediate stages, and also great precision in the timing of teratogen administration. Injection of either 0.01 mg of 5-fluoro-2-desoxyuridine or 0.05 mg of hydrocortisone into the yolks of Days 12, 14, and 17 embryos produces cleft lip, cleft lip and palate, and cleft palate, respectively. Application of the teratogen at critical developmental stages on Day 12 reliably induces unilateral cleft lip on either the right or left sides, while injection on Day 10 yields embryos with normal lips and palates but virtually no lower jaw. The spontaneous malformation rate is very low, but highest in eggs laid by young and old animals. Changes in eggshell banding provide a noninvasive method for monitoring embryonic development. Detailed comparisons of palatal development in birds and alligators permit an accurate phylogenetic study of physiological clefting in the aves. The alligator dentition is readily amenable to experimental studies. PMID- 7042742 TI - Detection of antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of immunoglobulin G, M, and A antibodies against each of the 14 polysaccharide antigens contained in a contemporary pneumococcal vaccine is described. A mean total antibody fold increase above 2 from prevaccination to 4 weeks postvaccination serum samples was found for all antigens in 12 healthy adults and 6 children. Fifty-five percent of all single fold increases determined were above 2 in the adults; the value was 64% in children. Type-specific polysaccharide antibody of the immunoglobulin G class was predominant in 4 weeks postvaccination serum samples. Further studies with assays such as the one described may lead to a better understanding of the immune response to pneumococcal polysaccharides in both normal subjects and patients at increased risk of pneumococcal infection. PMID- 7042743 TI - Comparison of the Oxi/Ferm and N/F systems for identification of infrequently encountered nonfermentative and oxidase-positive fermentative bacilli. AB - The N/F system (Flow Laboratories, Inc. Rockville, Md) and the Oxi/Ferm Tube, (Roche Diagnostics, Div. Hoffman-La Roche, Inc. Nutley, N.J.) were evaluated in parallel for identification of infrequently encountered nonfermentative gram negative bacilli and oxidase-positive, fermentative gram-negative bacilli selected from fresh clinical isolates and stock cultures. When compared with conventional media, the Flow N/F system correctly identified 97.7% (86 or 88) of all strains tested. No organisms were misidentified, but this system failed to identify two strains. Six supplemental tests were needed for the complete identification of 16 strains (18%); however, correct results were obtained within 48 h for 85% of the isolates. The Oxi/Ferm method correctly identified 87.5% of the isolates; 7% were incorrectly identified, and the method failed to identify five strains. Seventeen supplemental tests were required to identify 64 strains (73%). Complete identification within 48 h was obtained for 60% of the organisms tested. PMID- 7042744 TI - Evaluation of the Enteric-Tek system for identifying Enterobacteriaceae. AB - The Enteric-Tek wheel (Flow Laboratories), consisting of 14 different biochemical parameters for rapidly identifying Enterobacteriaceae, was evaluated and compared with the conventional method for completely identifying 301 enteric cultures, representing 36 species. The Enteric-Tek system correctly identified 264 (97.8%) of the 270 common or typical strains and 26 (83.9%) of the 31 unusual or atypical strains tested, demonstrating an overall identification accuracy rate of 96.3%. There were 80 (26.6%) correctly identified strains requiring additional tests. Of the 11 (3.6%) misidentifications, 5 (3 Klebsiella and 2 Salmonella strains) were correctly identified at the genus level. When 4,228 individual tests in the Enteric-Tek wheel were compared with the conventional tubed media, 96.4% of the tests agreed; urease, citrate, adonitol, and lactose agreed less than 97%. The Enteric-Tek system was found to be reliable and accurate in producing identifications at the genus and species level within 18 to 24 h. PMID- 7042745 TI - Indirect fluorescent-antibody technique for serological diagnosis of La Crosse (California) virus infections. AB - A clinically relevant indirect fluorescent-antibody technique (IFA) was developed for the serological diagnosis of La Crosse virus infections. The IFA (67%) was as sensitive as the hemagglutination inhibition (58%) and neutralization (58%) tests in the detection of antibodies in acute-phase specimens. Immunoglobulin M antibodies were detected by the IFA test in 48% (11 of 23) of these specimens. Diagnostically significant increases in IFA titer were detected in 86% (19 of 22) of the paired samples. Antibodies were detectable in some patients 7 years after infection; however, the IFA test was not as sensitive as the other two tests in the detection of previous infections. PMID- 7042746 TI - Urease testing of mycobacteria with BACTEC radiometric instrumentation. AB - A total of 140 mycobacterial isolates from patients treated at Fitzsimons Army Medical Center or the National Jewish Hospital and Research Center and from animal specimens submitted to the National Veterinary Services Laboratory were tested by using a urease procedure modified for use with a BACTEC model 301. Mycobacterial suspensions were prepared by using Middlebrook 7H10 Tween broth. Of the 98 mycobacteria isolates which were urease positive utilizing standard methodology, all were positive using the radiometric procedures. Similarly, all 42 urease-negative isolates were also negative employing the new methodology. Although maximum radiometric readings were observed at 48 h, all positive strains were readily identified 24 h after inoculation without sacrificing either test sensitivity or specificity. Thus, urease testing of mycobacteria, using the modified BACTEC radiometric methodology, was as sensitive, as specific, and more rapid than conventional methods. PMID- 7042747 TI - Diagnosis of group A streptococcal infections directly from throat secretions. AB - The diagnosis of group A streptococcal disease still relies on isolation of group A streptococcal strains on sheep blood agar followed by presumptive identification based on bacitracin sensitivity or the results of the more precise serogrouping methods such as the Lancefield precipitin test. A technique that would permit rapid identification of streptococcal infections directly from throat secretions would allow immediate appropriate antimicrobial therapy for the management of streptococcal infections to be started. We have been able to identify soluble group A antigen directly from throat secretions by using a latex agglutination test. In a clinical trial in which latex (Streptex group A) and conventional culturing techniques were used, 53 throat secretion cultures were tested: 26 were positive by both procedures, 5 were positive by culture only, 3 were positive by the latex agglutination test only, and 19 were negative by both tests. PMID- 7042748 TI - Characterization of atypical Candida tropicalis and other uncommon clinical yeast isolates. AB - Clinical yeast isolates representing alpha-glucoside-deficient variants of Candida tropicalis, C. lusitaniae, atypical C. albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were characterized. Additional physiological tests, including cellobiose fermentation, rhamnose assimilation, and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction, are recommended for the detection and presumptive identification of uncommon Candida spp. in the clinical laboratory. PMID- 7042749 TI - Superiority of hypertonic culture medium for detection of Haemophilus influenzae by the BACTEC procedure. AB - A comparison of hypertonic (sucrose), aerobic, and anaerobic media for the detection of eight recent clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae type b by the BACTEC procedure revealed that the hypertonic medium, without exception, yielded diagnostic growth index values of 30 or above from 4 to 24 h earlier than did the other media. This culture medium was also superior when an increase in growth index units of 10, before a value of 30 was reached, was taken as a criterion. The number of colony-forming units increased more rapidly in the hypertonic medium as compared with the other media. These results, together with limited observations on blood cultures from patients, suggest that the sucrose medium may permit earlier detection of H. influenzae bacteremia than the aerobic medium, particularly since a growth index of 20 rather than 30 is used for the indication of bacterial growth. PMID- 7042750 TI - Improved diagnostic medium for separation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (serotypes A and D) and Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii (serotypes B and C). AB - A simple new agar medium containing L-canavanine, glycine, and bromthymol blue was found to give a clearer and more accurate distinction between serotype A or D (Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans) and serotype B or C (C. neoformans var. gattii) than creatinine-dextrose-bromthymol blue or glycine-cycloheximide-phenol red media. Among 143 isolates of serotype A or D and 70 isolates of serotype B or C, the new medium correlated completely with the serotype, whereas nearly 11% of these isolates gave discrepant reactions with creatinine-dextrose-bromthymol blue and glycine-cycloheximide-phenol red media. PMID- 7042751 TI - Synovial immunofluorescence in patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis. AB - To evaluate if the immune system is active in slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) or chondrolysis, 16 patients with SCFE were studied by evaluation of their serum immunoglobulins, histology of their synovium, and immunofluorescent staining of their synovium. Patients with Perthes' disease, chondromalacia patellae, septic arthritis, sickle cell disease, and torn meniscus were controls. Serum immunoglobulins were normal in all patients. The histology demonstrated synovitis in all patients except in one normal knee. Plasma cells were a prominent feature of the synovitis in the patients with SCFE. Three patients had positive synovial immunofluorescence for IgG and C3. Two of these patients subsequently developed chondrolysis and one did not. One additional patient who had negative synovial immunofluorescence developed chondrolysis. It is postulated that the immune system is active in some patients with SCFE, but what, if any, role it plays in the disease or its complications remains to be shown. PMID- 7042753 TI - Septic bursitis in childhood. AB - Ten cases of septic bursitis in children during a 25 year period were reviewed. Infection occurred in five girls and five boys with a mean age of 9 1/6 years. None had prior bursal disease. Direct trauma or local infection preceded the bursitis in seven children. The involved bursae were prepatellar (eight), olecranon (one), and subacromial (one). Presenting signs included fever with localized swelling, tenderness, and erythema; superficial fluctuance and painless joint motion were helpful diagnostic findings. Bursal fluid cultures yielded Staphylococcus aureus (nine) and Streptococcus pyogenes (one). Surgical therapy included needle aspiration (three), incision and drainage (three), and both procedures (four). Antimicrobial therapy was given to nine children; four received only oral antimicrobials. Nine children including all who received oral antimicrobials recovered rapidly without apparent sequelae. One child's course was complicate by patellar osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. Septic bursitis is an uncommon infection in children and should be differentiated from cellulitis and septic arthritis. Rapid recovery is usually seen with appropriate therapy. PMID- 7042752 TI - Cylindrically modeled bone grafts. AB - A technique of autogenous grafting for repair of large defects in long bones is presented. Quadrangular grafts, taken from the external table of the posterior ilium, are modeled by bending them into cylindrical form, which has higher mechanical resistance as compared to flat struts. Cancellous chips are added. The original shape of the bone is immediately restored, and heavy internal fixation is avoided. combination of cortical and cancellous bone grafts provides both strength and rapid bone healing. There is no risk of fracture at the donor site. Of eight consecutive cases operated on, seven were successful. One failed because of relapsing infection. The procedure is suitable in children, adolescents, and young adults, for difficult cases of large defects in long bones left after resection of tumors and tumor-like conditions, as well as after diaphyseal distraction for leg lengthening. PMID- 7042754 TI - Antiopsonic activity of fibrinogen bound to M protein on the surface of group A streptococci. AB - When virulent group A streptococci of M type 24 were incubated in fresh heparinized whole blood or in blood reconstituted from cellular elements and plasma, little uptake by neutrophils occurred as determined by light microscopy. When fresh human serum (with or without added heparin) was substituted for plasma, uptake occurred promptly. Uptake in serum could be prevented by adding either plasma or purified human fibrinogen to the incubation mixtures, or by pretreating the organisms with plasma or fibrinogen. Fibrinogen solutions absorbed with purified homologous M protein and centrifuged to remove precipitates lost their inhibitory activity. Uptake in serum depended on heat labile factors. Immunofluorescent staining of bacteria using fluorescein-labeled antibody to the third component of complement showed that streptococci incubated in fresh serum bound complement evenly over the entire cell surface, whereas streptococci incubated in fresh plasma or in serum plus fibrinogen fluoresced only at some of the cross-walls between adjacent daughter cocci and at occasional terminal cocci. In electron micrographs, the surface fibrillar layer of streptococci treated with plasma or fibrinogen lost its hairlike appearance and became a dark band that stained heavily with ferritin-labeled antifibrinogen. We conclude that the known antiopsonic effect of M protein derives in part from binding of fibrinogen. PMID- 7042755 TI - Induction of immunity against lethal Haemophilus influenzae type b infection by Escherichia coli core lipopolysaccharide. AB - Efforts to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) infections in infancy have been hampered by the low immunogenicity of capsular polysaccharide vaccines in children younger than 18 mos. In searching for alternate immunogens, we have studied the protective potential of polysaccharide-poor, lipid-rich endotoxin (LPS) core in experimental HIB infections. Because all gram-negative bacteria have similar LPS core structures, we were able to use as vaccine the J5 mutant of Escherichia coli 0111, the LPS of which consists only of core components, and thus to avoid problems in interpretation arising from vaccine contamination with non-LPS HIB immunogens. Mice were given graded inocula of HIB and developed lethal infection analogous to human HIB disease when virulence was enhanced with mucin and hemoglobin. After active immunization with heat-killed E. coli J5, 40/50 (80%) of infected mice survived, compared with 14/50 (28%) of saline immunized controls (P less than 0.005). Passive immunization with rabbit antiserum against E. coli J5 prevented lethal HIB infection when administered 24 or 72 h before or 3 h after infection. This protection was abolished by adsorption of antiserum with purified J5 LPS, with survival reduced from 14/24 to 0/24 (P less than 0.005). Furthermore, rabbit antiserum to purified J5 LPS gave just as potent protection against death as antiserum to whole J5 cells. These studies demonstrate that immunity to core LPS confers protection against experimental murine HIB infection and provide the framework for a new approach to prevention of human disease from HIB. PMID- 7042756 TI - Glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance: the importance of postbinding events in the regulation of insulin binding, action, and degradation in freshly isolated and primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. AB - We have recently proposed that "down regulation" of the insulin receptor may be one of the many biological responses of a cell to insulin. In an attempt to further explore this hypothesis we have studied insulin action, binding, and degradation in freshly isolated hepatocytes from rats rendered insulin resistant by the administration of dexamethasone, 1.0 mg/kg every other day, for 1 and 4 wk, and in dexamethasone-treated (0.1 muM for 24 h) primary cultures of hepatocytes from normal rats. Dexamethasone treatment for 1 and 4 wk resulted in significant hyperinsulinemia and euglycemia when compared with age- and weight matched control animals. Freshly isolated hepatocytes from rats treated with dexamethasone for 1 wk bound less insulin than cells from control animals. This decrease in insulin binding was reflected in a decrease in the total number of cellular insulin receptors upon solubilization of the cells. Insulin action was evaluated by the ability of insulin to stimulate the uptake of alpha aminoisobutyric acid. The basal rate of aminoisobutyrate uptake in freshly isolated hepatocytes was enhanced by 1 wk of dexamethasone treatment, and although there was an apparent shift to the right in the dose-response curve for insulin-stimulated aminoisobutyrate uptake, at no insulin concentration was there a significant difference in the uptake by hepatocytes from control and dexamethasone-treated animals. This was true whether expressed as a percentage or absolute increment above basal. Insulin degradation was enhanced in hepatocytes from animals treated with dexamethasone for 1 wk but could not account for the observed changes in insulin binding. Hepatocytes from animals treated with dexamethasone for 4 wk were resistant to insulin with regard to aminoisobutyrate uptake, yet both insulin binding and insulin degradation returned to the levels observed in hepatocytes from control animals. Primary cultures of hepatocytes from normal rats exposed to dexamethasone, 0.1 muM, in vitro for 24 h were similar to hepatocytes from rats treated with dexamethasone for 4 wk in that they were insulin resistant with regard to aminoisobutyrate uptake and had normal to increased insulin binding. Insulin degradation was also similar. These cells were resistant to the ability of insulin, 0.1 muM, to down regulate its receptor whereas parallel cultures treated with insulin in the absence of dexamethasone had a 52% decrease in insulin binding. These data indicate that hepatocytes that are insulin responsive respond to in vivo hyperinsulinemia by a decrease in the number of insulin receptors and by increased insulin degradation. Hepatocytes rendered resistant to insulin both in vivo and in vitro are resistant to these effects of insulin. These studies emphasize the importance of postbinding events in the modulation of insulin binding, action, and degradation, and support the hypothesis that down regulation of the hepatocyte insulin receptor is one of the many biological actions of insulin. They also help explain how a cell can be insulin resistant and have a normal number of insulin binding sites in the presence of hyperinsulinemia. PMID- 7042757 TI - Immunohistochemical study of the human glomerular C3b receptor in normal kidney and in seventy-five cases of renal diseases: loss of C3b receptor antigen in focal hyalinosis and in proliferative nephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The presence and distribution of C3b receptors in normal human kidneys and in biopsies from 75 patients with renal disease were investigated by immunohistochemical techniques using monospecific rabbit antibody to the 205,000 mol wt glycoprotein that is the C3b receptor of human peripheral blood cells. Anti-C3b receptor bound exclusively to podocytes in normal renal cortex, and was homogeneously distributed on the plasma membrane of these cells. Biosynthesis of the receptor by the podocyte was suggested by the presence of antigenic activity in the Golgi apparatus. Although occupancy of receptor sites following the interaction of kidney sections with aggregated IgG preincubated with normal serum inhibited binding to glomeruli of C3b coated cells, the C3b receptor remained accessible to anti-C3b receptor antibody. No staining of podocytes was found in extra-capillary proliferating cells in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (GN). Segmental loss of staining was found in focal hyalinosis, nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis, and amyloidosis while no detectable C3b receptor antigen was found in severe proliferative nephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Normal staining of podocytes was found in other nephropathies with endocapillary proliferation such as acute GN and mesangial GN and in renal diseases associated with immune deposits containing C3 such as mesangial proliferative and membranous SLE nephritis, idiopathic membranous GN, membranoproliferative GN types I and II, mesangial GN with IgA or C3 deposition and Henoch Schonlein's purpura. Loss of C3b receptor antigen in the diffuse proliferative nephritis of SLE distinguishes it both from nonproliferative lupus nephritis and other immunologically mediated proliferative GN. PMID- 7042758 TI - Killing of gram-negative bacteria by polymorphonuclear leukocytes: role of an O2 independent bactericidal system. AB - Previous studies have suggested that a cationic bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) present in both rabbit and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes is the principal O2-independent bactericidal agent of these cells toward several strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium (1978. J. Biol. Chem. 253: 2664--2672; 1979. J. Biol. Chem. 254: 11000--11009). To further evaluate the possible role of this protein in the killing of gram-negative bacteria by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, we have measured the bactericidal activity of intact rabbit peritoneal exudate leukocytes under aerobic or anaerobic conditions and of intact human leukocytes from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. Anaerobic conditions were created by flushing the cells under a nitrogen stream. Effective removal of oxygen was demonstrated by the inability of nitrogen-flushed leukocytes to mount a respiratory burst (measured as increased conversion of 1-[14C]glucose leads to 14CO2 or by superoxide production) during bacterial ingestion. At a bacteria/leukocyte ratio of 10:1, killing of gram-positive, BPI-resistant, Staphylococcus epidermidis is markedly impaired in the absence of oxygen (76.4 +/- 3.3% killing in room air, 29.2 +/- 8.2% killing in nitrogen). Essentially all increased bacterial survival is intracellular. In contrast, both a nonopsonized rough strain (MR-10) and an opsonized smooth strain (MS) of S. typhimurium 395 are killed equally well in room air and nitrogen. A maximum of 70--80 MR-10 and 30--40 MS are killed per leukocyte either in the presence or absence of oxygen. There is no intracellular bacterial survival in either condition indicating that intracellular O2 independent bactericidal system(s) of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes can at least match the leukocyte's ingestive capacity. Whole homogenates and crude acid extracts manifest similar bactericidal capacity toward S. typhimurium 395. This activity can be accounted for by the BPI content of these cell fractions and is virtually eliminated by immune (anti-BPI), but not by preimmune goat IgG-rich fractions. Opsonization of smooth MS, required for bacterial killing by intact leukocytes, does not alter bacterial sensitivity to BPI in crude or purified form. Leukocytes of a patient with chronic granulomatous disease killed ingested S. typhimurium 396 MS nearly as well as did normal leukocytes. The bactericidal activity toward E. coli (J5) of crude acid extracts of the CGD and normal human leukocytes was virtually the same and was nearly completely inhibited by anti-BPI IgG-rich fractions, but not by preimmune IgG-rich fractions. These findings suggest that the killing of gram-negative bacteria such as S. typhimurium by intact polymorphonuclear leukocytes may also be attributed to the action of BPI. PMID- 7042759 TI - Rapid differentiation of bacterial meningitides by direct gas-liquid chromatography. AB - Rapid identification of Haemophilus influenzae and other bacillary meningitides was attempted by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) of the metabolic by-products in broth cultures and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from experimental meningitis produced in New Zealand White male rabbits. These results were correlated with the GLC of CSF of meningitis patients. A major peak with retention time of succinic acid was found in the broth cultures of all bacilli tested including H. influenzae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Listeria monocytogenes. Succinic acid was also found in the CSF of experimental meningitis and in the CSF of all patients with H. influenzae and Esch. coli meningitis. This peak was not detected in the blood samples of experimental animals. It was also absent in the broth cultures of all of the gram positive and gram-negative cocci tested, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. Succinic acid, which appears to be a by product of fermentation, persisted as a clear cut marker in H. influenzae meningitis for at least 3 d after the initiation of treatment. In one patient, the succinic acid peak disappeared during treatment and reappeared with a clinical relapse. Clearly, the presence of succinic acid that can be rapidly detected by GLC in the CSF excludes pneumococcal or meningococcal meningitis and strongly suggests H. influenzae or other bacillary meningitides. PMID- 7042760 TI - Review: neurophysiologic aspects of developmental dyslexia. PMID- 7042762 TI - Polyvalent heat-killed antigen for the diagnosis of infection with Legionella pneumophila. AB - A polyvalent antigen composed of heat-killed agar-grown Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1-4 suspended in a suspension of yolk-sac from embryonated hens' eggs has been examined for use in the indirect fluorescent antibody test for Legionella infection. The serological response detected by monovalent antigen correlated well with that detected by polyvalent antigen. The use of polyvalent antigen forms a useful screening test for the detection of antibody to L pneumophila, but positive results must be confirmed by test using monovalent antigen. PMID- 7042761 TI - Biochemical assessment of histochemical methods for oestrogen receptor localisation. AB - The biochemical validity of published labelled-ligand and ligand-antibody methods for the histological localisation of oestrogen receptors (ER) in breast carcinomas was assessed by measuring specific and non-specific binding of 3H oestradiol to pretreated MCF-7 monolayers; the monolayers had been either frozen and thawed, then air-dried or acetone-fixed, or fixed in formaldehyde to reproduce the conditions in published methods. The results indicate that most of the ER in a frozen section is likely to be lost by diffusion into the supernatant incubation medium. Fixation substantially restricts diffusion but reduces specific oestradiol binding and may increase non-specific binding; acetone fixation is particularly deleterious. Preincubation in oestradiol fails to protect the receptor during fixation. We conclude that the published histochemical methods for ER localisation have doubtful validity and should not yet be used in preference to conventional biochemical assays. PMID- 7042763 TI - A microcomputer system for the collection and analysis of antibiotic sensitivity test data. AB - A microcomputer system for the routine collection and analysis of microbiological data is described. A digitising tablet is used as a method of data input. A series of analysis programmes was developed to allow investigation of the distribution of organisms in relation to the type of specimen in which they occur, the origin of the specimen and also to examine their associated sensitivity patterns. In this instance a Commodore PET was used, though other microcomputers could be similarly employed with equal facility. PMID- 7042764 TI - Evaluation of Fastidious Anaerobe Broth as a blood culture medium. AB - Three commercial blood culture media were compared with a freshly prepared cooked meat medium in tests to stimulate the recovery of small inocula of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria in routine blood cultures. The cooked meat medium gave the most reliable recovery and supported continued viability, whilst Fastidious Anaerobe Broth (LAB M) was a good alternative. Results with Southern Group thioglycollate and Difco Thiol were less satisfactory as delays in recovery and loss of viability occurred on continued incubation with some of the test strains. PMID- 7042765 TI - A selective medium for isolating Campylobacter jejuni/coli. AB - Skirrow's medium is effective for isolating Campylobacters from human faeces but is less suitable for animal and environmental specimens owing to the presence of contaminating species. After determining the sensitivity of 104 strains of Campylobacters to several antimicrobial agents, used singly and in various combinations, a selective medium incorporating polymixin, rifampicin, trimethoprim and actidione, was developed. The medium, called Preston medium, was shown to be more selective than Skirrow's medium and suitable for any kind of specimen. PMID- 7042766 TI - Use of FITC-protein A in place of fluorescein-conjugated anti-gammaglobulins for rapid virus diagnosis by immunofluorescence. PMID- 7042767 TI - Free gingival grafts for the treatment of gingival recession. A review of some techniques. AB - Free gingival grafts can be utilized, alone or in combination with a coronally positioned flap, for the prevention and the treatment of gingival recession. The graft can be placed directly on the denuded root, as first described by Sullivan & Atkins (1968). This technique will provide adequate results, especially in cases with relatively little recession. After placing a free gingival graft in such an area, one can often observe bridging and/or creeping attachment. In the case of bridging, some of the grafted tissue will remain vital over the avascular zone, i.e. the root. Creeping attachment is the result of coronal migration of the grafted gingiva and will take place during the years following surgery. Bridging and creeping are most likely to occur in cases of narrow recession where the grafts had been placed directly over the denuded zone. In a second type of surgical procedure, an enlargement of the attached gingiva is first obtained through the graft. The area of recession is later covered by a coronally positioned flop. Several cases are presented which illustrate the results obtained with this procedure. In children, when there is insufficient attached gingiva, it is often desirable to place grafts before orthodonic therapy. In the prevention or treatment of gingival recessions, four possibilities may be considered: 1) no treatment, 2) placement of a graft to prevent recession, 3) stabilizing an existing recession, 4) attempt to cover the denuded root. PMID- 7042768 TI - Healing following surgical/non-surgical treatment of periodontal disease. A clinical study. PMID- 7042769 TI - Imipramine treatment of depressed children: a double-blind pilot study. PMID- 7042770 TI - Loxapine in psychogeriatrics: a placebo- and standard-controlled clinical investigation. PMID- 7042771 TI - Treatment of anxiety using fenobam (a nonbenzodiazepine) in a double-blind standard (diazepam) placebo-controlled study. PMID- 7042774 TI - Mechanism of lesion production in pemphigus and pemphigoid. AB - Current evidence strongly supports the theory that the lesions of pemphigus are due to binding of pemphigus antibody to an antigen in or near the epidermal cell membrane, which causes a release of at least one enzyme which results in dissolution of the intercellular attachments and acantholysis. Similarly, strong evidence supports the hypothesis that pemphigoid blisters are due to binding of antibody at the basement membrane, followed by activation of complement and release of anaphylatoxins which activate tissue mast cells to release eosinophil chemotactic factor. These eosinophils then release tissue-destructive enzymes and reactive oxygen intermediates directly onto the basement membrane zone, with loss of dermoepidermal adherence and formation of blisters. PMID- 7042772 TI - Plasma concentrations of imipramine and clinical response among depressed outpatients. PMID- 7042775 TI - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in bullous diseases. AB - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was studied in six patients with pemphigus vulgaris, six patients with bullous pemphigoid, and thirteen controls. All patients had extensive, severe disease. The target cell used was a human lymphoblastoid cell line (LA 237) coated with either heterologous (rabbit R3) or homologous (anti-HLA-A5) antiserum. The assay consisted of a 2-hour incubation of patient and control lymphocytes with target cells in a ratio of 50: 1 and measuring 51Cr release. Statistically significant changes were not observed between the patients and the controls. This study indicated that ADCC mechanisms are unaltered by the disease process in patients with pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid. PMID- 7042773 TI - Cortisol's effects on human mental functioning. AB - Popularization of the dexamethasone suppression test has focused attention on the relation between cortisol metabolism and mood and behavior. This article considers the biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology of cortisol and cortisol like substances. In addition, the effects of external stresses on cortisol metabolism and circadian rhythmicity of secretory patterns are reviewed. Finally, managing exogenous cortisol excess in a clinical setting is discussed. PMID- 7042776 TI - Differential loss of T lymphocyte markers in advanced cutaneous T cell lymphoma. PMID- 7042777 TI - Norman McKinnon Wrong, M.D., F.R.C.p.(C). PMID- 7042778 TI - Computed tomography in surgical complications following renal transplantation. AB - Satisfactory computed tomograms were obtained in 57 of 64 patients with impaired function of renal allograft transplants. Surgical complications such as urinary obstruction or obstruction of arterial inflow, hemorrhage, urinoma, lymphocele, or abscess were found in 21 of 57 patients. Lymphocele was the most frequent. Although best demonstrated following intravenous contrast medium injection, 17 of 21 lesions could be diagnosed on precontrast scans. Noninvasive methods such as precontrast computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound (US) have replaced urography as the primary procedure in the diagnostic workup of these patients. If CT or US are inconclusive with regard to the size of the renal pelvis or if urinoma is suspected, high dose urography should be performed. PMID- 7042780 TI - Touch and action in group therapy of younger adolescents. PMID- 7042779 TI - Reviews of the progress of dairy science: secretion of citrate into milk. PMID- 7042781 TI - Phage typing set for differentiating Escherichia coli. PMID- 7042783 TI - Effect of overmilking on udder health. AB - This study evaluated the effect on udder health of extending the milking period with or without vacuum fluctuation. Eighty cows were allotted into treatment groups consisting of 1) Control milked with normal milking equipment and the milker removed as soon as milk flow ceases; 2) milked for 12 min with normal equipment; 3) milked 12 min with induced vacuum fluctuations; and 4) normal milking time with induced fluctuations. Groups 2 and 3 had more newly infected quarters than groups 1 and 4. However, there was no difference in the number of cows becoming infected. The increase in new infections is due to more quarters of already infected cows becoming infected rather than more new cows becoming infected. Extending the machine-on time appeared to increase the rate of cross infection presumably by lengthening the time of highest risk. Cows in groups 2 and 3 required more therapy of clinical mastitis which was a reflection of the higher new infection rate rather than of a change in trauma to the udder. Increasing the unit-on time had no apparent effect on external teat end condition. PMID- 7042782 TI - Primary ketosis in the high-producing dairy cow: clinical and subclinical disorders, treatment, prevention, and outlook. AB - Bovine ketosis typically occurs in early lactation. Clinical signs include diminished appetite, decreased milk production, loss of weight, hypoglycemia, and hyperketonemia. Susceptibility to ketosis is probably due to the combination of appetite limitation and a high degree of precedence given to the demand of the mammary gland for nutrients, in particular glucose. The precipitating cause is likely to be development of a marked imbalance between glucose supply and glucose requirement. This imbalance then leads to decreased carbohydrate status, decreased insulin secretion, increased fat mobilization, and increased hepatic ketogenesis. Hepatic ketogenesis may be augmented by the diminished carbohydrate status. The role of hormones other than insulin in the etiology of ketosis, although probably important, has not yet been elucidated satisfactorily. Treatment of ketosis involves increasing glucose supply relative to glucose demand. Incidence of clinical ketosis can be minimized by correct nutrition and management as outlined in recommended guidelines. Besides decreasing milk field, clinical ketosis may affect productivity adversely in other ways, for example, by impairing fertility. Subclinical ketosis is important because it may remain undetected and yet have effects on productivity which parallel those elicited by clinical ketosis. Future research should be directed toward understanding mechanisms conferring priority on milk production and regulating appetite. PMID- 7042784 TI - Lactate acid inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium in yogurt. AB - We determined how lactic acid inhibits growth of Salmonella typhimurium in yogurt. This inhibition was demonstrated by microscopic examination not to be due to bacteriolysis. Neither growth nor metabolic activity could be initiated after cells were washed in phosphate buffer and exposed to 1.5% lactic acid for 1 h at 37 degrees C, indicating that lactic acid inhibition is irreversible. The growth rate of S. typhimurium at 37 degrees C, was computed at various combinations of pH and lactic acid concentrations, and the intracellular conditions (pH and lactic acid concentration) at bacteriostasis subsequently were extrapolated. Cellular death resulted when these intracellular bacteriostatic conditions were surpassed. Thus, growing cells could be used indirectly to determine intracellular conditions at the time of death. Intracellular pH (pHi) and inhibition of the growth rate were unrelated. Also, bacteriostasis was observed when hydrochloric acid was used to lower the pHi of Salmonella to 5.5 whereas a bactericidal effect was observed when the pHi was lowered to 5.5 with lactic acid. The lactate anion, rather than the hydrogen ion, exerted the inhibitory effect against S. typhimurium. When the pHi became less than 5.3, inhibition was from the hydrogen ion concentration. Thus, lactic acid inhibition was a complex and variable mechanism in relationship with pHi Lactic acid entered the cell in the undissociated state. Once inside the cell, it dissociated because the pHi was higher than the external pH. The dissociated moiety accumulated because it could not leave the cell in this form consequently lowering the pHi. Thus, inhibition of S. typhimurium in yogurt is from the intracellular dissociated moiety of lactic acid. PMID- 7042785 TI - Amino acid utilization by lactating mammary gland. AB - Amino acids utilization comprises two phases, cellular uptake and intracellular metabolism. The paper reviews reports on amino acid uptake in different species and at different stages of lactation and presents new data on changes at lactogenesis. The relative importance of changes in factors which determine uptake, mammary blood flow, arterial concentration, and mammary extraction, are discussed. In addition to direct incorporation into milk protein, some absorbed amino acids are an energy source and carbon precursors of other amino acids synthesized in mammary cells. Branched-chain amino acids and ornithine act as nitrogen precursors in these syntheses. Ornithine, which is derived partly from absorbed arginine, is also a precursor of spermidine, a postulated intracellular mediator of hormone action. The question of whether milk protein yield is limited by supply to the mammary gland of certain amino acids is discussed. Much evidence indicates the importance of certain essential amino acids that are transferred stoichiometrically from blood to milk. Results of experiments involving administration of exogenous growth hormone to goats are presented. Increases in milk yield and protein yield are associated with increased rates of mammary blood flow, emphasizing the role of the latter in determining uptake. PMID- 7042786 TI - Early events in secretion of main milk proteins: occurrence of precursors. PMID- 7042787 TI - [Closed mouth impression technique for full dentures]. PMID- 7042788 TI - Bullae in the donor site of a split-thickness skin graft. AB - A patient developed bullae in a donor site 3 weeks after a split-thickness skin graft was taken. No reference to blistering in the donor site of a recently taken split-thickness skin graft could be found in the surgical literature, and a computerized search of the world's medical literature revealed only a single report of a similar case. The mechanism of bulla formation has not been elucidated. We alert physicians to this phenomenon and urge that each case that is seen be studied in an orderly manner by histologic, electron microscopic, and immunofluorescent techniques. PMID- 7042790 TI - Positive pressure ventilation and the function of other organs. PMID- 7042789 TI - Acute respiratory failure due to 2'Deoxycoformycin. PMID- 7042791 TI - A comparative study of the cardiorespiratory effects of continuous positive airway pressure breathing and continuous positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. AB - Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) produces cardiopulmonary effects whether administered by controlled positive pressure ventilation (CPPV) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). In eight patients with acute respiratory failure, the effects of 20 cm PEEP administered via CPPV and CPAP were compared. An esophageal balloon was used to calculate the transmural vascular pressures. The control values under mechanical ventilation with no PEEP (IPPV) for PaO2 and QS/QT (FiO2 being 1.0) were respectively 132 +/- 15 mmHg and 31 +/- 3%; CPPV gave a PaO2 of 369 +/- 27 mmHg and QS/QT fo 14 +/- 1.6%, CPAP 365 +/- 18 mmHg and 18 +/- 1.3% respectively. The two different modes of ventilation (CPPV and CPAP) gave identical blood gas improvement through the same level of end expiratory transpulmonary pressure despite marked differences between absolute mean airway and esophageal pressures. Conversely, hemodynamic tolerance was very different from one technique to the other: CPPV depressed cardiac index from 3.4 +/- 0.3 to 2.4 +/- 0.2 1/min/m2 as well as decreasing transmural filling pressures, suggesting a reduction in venous return. Conversely, filling pressures maintained at control values during CPAP and cardiac indexes were unchanged. PMID- 7042793 TI - Glass ionomers. PMID- 7042792 TI - The influence of PEEP ventilation on organ blood flow and peripheral oxygen delivery. AB - In an experimental study including 10 dogs with intact lungs (group I) and 10 dogs with oleic acid-induced pulmonary edema (group II), the effects of PEEP 10 and 20 (cm H20) on central hemodynamics, lung function, organ blood flow and tissue PO2 (liver and skeletal muscle) were examined. In both groups, PEEP resulted in a significant fall of cardiac output (CO) despite volume substitution. In group I, flow was redistributed favouring brain, heart, kidneys, and adrenals, at the expense of stomach, pancreas and and thyroid gland. Animals with pulmonary edema and consequently lower absolute values of CO showed a more uniform reduction of organ perfusion sparing only brain and heart PEEP 10 led to a marginal improvement of tissue oxygenation, whereas PEEP 20 resulted in a deterioration of local PO2 associated with a decrease in O2 transport. It is concluded that whenever PEEP is applied, a reduction and redistribution of CO may occur possibly jeopardizing tissue oxygenation and thus interfering with organ function. PMID- 7042794 TI - The reproductive risk potential of prolonged gestation. PMID- 7042795 TI - The effect of cigarette smoking: review and nursing implications. PMID- 7042796 TI - Fractured denture repairs. PMID- 7042797 TI - Prevalence of periodontal disease in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (juvenile diabetes). PMID- 7042798 TI - The presidents. Llewellyn Garnet Noel, 1902-1903. PMID- 7042799 TI - A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of polymerized whole ragweed for immunotherapy of ragweed allergy. AB - Immunotherapy with polymerized ragweed (PRW) has been demonstrated to be safe and effective when compared with monomeric ragweed or untreated controls. To further establish the efficacy of PRW, a trial was conducted comparing PRW, placebo, and no treatment in ragweed-sensitive individuals. In a double-blind manner, 21 patients were treated before the 1981 ragweed season with 15 weekly injections of PRW totaling about 50,000 PNU and 1200 microgram antigen E, while 19 patients were treated with 15 weekly injections of a caramelized glucose and histamine placebo. An additional control group received no injections. Blood was drawn for IgE against ragweed antigen E (IgE-a-AgE) and for blocking antibody against AgE before treatment, after treatment (before season), and after season. In the untreated patients, blood was drawn before season and after season. Daily symptom score sheets were completed by patients each day of the ragweed season. Blocking antibody rose more than 40-fold with treatment (p = 0.0001) in the PRW group but was unchanged in the placebo group with treatment. IgE-a-AgE rose with PRW therapy. Clinical efficacy of PRW was again confirmed in this study. Symptom score mean in the PRW group was statistically lower than the mean in the placebo group (p = 0.022) and in the untreated group (p = 0.018). There were no systemic reactions and only minor local reactions during treatment. In summary, PRW is an improved form of immunotherapy. PMID- 7042800 TI - Comments related to a study of methods for improving coverage of registered dietitians' services provided by home health agencies. PMID- 7042801 TI - "Dr. Marjorie" and the Chinese connection. PMID- 7042802 TI - Orthokeratology: part I historical perspective. AB - This history of orthokeratology includes contributions made by Jessen, Ziff, Nolan, Paige, Gates, May, Grant, Fontana, Tabb, Freeman, Shed, Kerns, and Binder to the use of contact lenses for myopia reduction. It reviews the early use of extremely flat lenses to flatten corneas and the more recent use of lenses fit with apical clearance to reduce myopia. The controlled studies of Kerns and Binder are described and the need for further research is indicated. PMID- 7042803 TI - Advocacy: what it is. PMID- 7042804 TI - Preserving history through oral history reflections. PMID- 7042805 TI - Intestinal calcium absorption and vitamin D metabolism. PMID- 7042806 TI - From instinct to identity: implications of changing psychoanalytic concepts of social life from Freud to Erikson. PMID- 7042807 TI - Dr. High on Dr. Pastore on "Dr. High on History": James's theory of space perception. PMID- 7042808 TI - The recognition of leukemia as a systemic disease. PMID- 7042809 TI - The first reported case of electrical stimulation of the human brain. PMID- 7042811 TI - Dr. Erasmus Darwin consults with another physician. PMID- 7042810 TI - Portrait of William Norris. Broadside, 1815, with etched portrait (1814) entitled 'William Norris: confined in this manner in Bethlem Hospital'. George Arnald, A.R.A., artist, etcher, and publisher. PMID- 7042812 TI - 'Exploring the inner labyrinths of creation': popular microscopy in nineteenth century America. PMID- 7042813 TI - Thomas Forestier and the 'false lechys' of London. PMID- 7042814 TI - George Washington Corner (1889-1981). PMID- 7042815 TI - Conjugation of horseradish peroxidase to Fab fragments with different homobifunctional and heterobifunctional cross-linking reagents. A comparative study. PMID- 7042816 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of fibronectin in human and rat uterine cervices. AB - Paraffin sections of 95% ethanol-fixed uterine cervices from adult, cycling rats and from human patients undergoing elective hysterectomy were immunostained by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique after exposure to antisera against fibronectin. Light microscopic study of uterine cervical stroma from both species showed an irregular distribution of fibronectin between compactly arranged collagenous fibers and a more uniform deposition around scattered bundles of smooth muscle fibers. In loosely arranged areas of stromal collagen, fibronectin was found in a filamentous, occasionally punctate, distribution. There was moderate to heavy staining with immunoperoxidase for fibronectin in the regions of the basement membrane underlying cervical epithelia and in the connective tissue stroma immediately subjacent to the basement membrane. Fibronectin was also present in the walls of most blood vessels and in the connective tissue investments of peripheral nerve fascicles. These findings suggest that fibronectin may be another component of extracellular matrix in the uterine cervical wall of non-gravid human subjects and rats in addition to collagen and glycosaminoglycans. PMID- 7042817 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of renin in the human kidney. AB - By using an antiserum to purified human renal renin, renin was localized immunocytochemically in the human kidney under normal and various pathological conditions by the unlabeled antibody enzyme light microscope: (LM) and protein A gold colloid electron microscope (EM) procedures. In the normal kidney, renin was confined to the epithelioid cells of the afferent arteriole of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA). These cells were small and few, and always in the immediate neighborhood of the glomerulus. Fine structural analysis showed renin only in the secretion granules of the epitheloid cells. All granules within a given cell were stained with comparable intensity. In cases of renal artery stenosis (ischemic kidney) and of Bartter's syndrome, renin-positive epithelioid cells were larger, showed increased staining intensity, and were often found along the afferent arteriole at some distance from the glomerulus. Again, by electron microscopic observation, renin was seen only in secretion granules of epithelioid cells. In all of the above pathologic cases, plasma renin activity was very high. However, in the other nephropathies studied, renin staining in the kidney resembled that seen in normal kidneys, even when levels of plasma renin activity were quite high. PMID- 7042818 TI - Demonstration of lactoperoxidase in paraffin-embedded lactating bovine breast by immunocytochemical techniques. AB - Immunocytochemical methods have been applied to the demonstration of lactoperoxidase (LP) in the lactating bovine breast. Trypsin digestion and a MAGIC (Wachsmuth ED: Histochemie, 37:251, 1973) procedure, using anti-LP serum and then LP solution in sequence, made the sensitive and specific demonstration of LP in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections possible. Peroxidase of the breast has been shown to be inducible by estrogen stimulation and it is considered to be a possible marker of estrogen dependency in breast carcinomas. The present technique, applied to human tissues, even on fixed and embedded biopsies, might make possible the detection of LP in human breast cancers and, thereby, an evaluation of estrogen dependency of such cancers. PMID- 7042819 TI - Historical perspectives on homosexuality. PMID- 7042820 TI - The "third sex" theory of Karl Heinrich Ulrichs. AB - In the 1860s, with an innovative theory of the origin of homosexuality that saw it as neither a sin nor a sickness, the German lawyer Karl Heinrich Ulrichs became an outspoken defender of its practice. This paper describes the theory, placing it historically in the context of Ulrichs' life, and shows why, although progressive for its time, the theory eventually was abandoned. PMID- 7042821 TI - The myth of lesbian impunity: capital laws from 1270 to 1791. AB - The standard history of antihomosexual legislation states that lesbian acts were not punished by medieval or later laws. This essay challenges this view by documenting capital laws since 1270 in Europe and America. A major influence was Paul's condemnation in Romans I, 26. By 1400, the lex foedissimam, an edict of the Emperors Diocletian and Maximianus, issued in 287, was interpreted to justify the death penalty. Executions took place in Germany, France, Italy, Switzerland, and Spain. A brief survey of presently known male deaths in Europe and the Americas, which number about 400, also is included. This study draws on canon law and the commentaries of such jurists as Cino da Pistoia, Saliceto, Lopez, Gomez, Farinacio, Cotton, Carpzow, Sinistrari, de Vouglans, and Jousse. It also discusses the records of a German trial of 1721, published elsewhere in this issue, that also led to the execution of a woman. PMID- 7042822 TI - Inverts, perverts, and Mary-Annes. Male prostitution and the regulation of homosexuality in England in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. AB - The paper examines the relationship between patterns of male prostitution and the changing definitions (and regulation) of homosexual behavior in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A series of problems is explored. First, an attempt is made to delineate the changing patterns of legal and ideological control in the nineteenth century. This leads to a discussion of the second problem, the ways in which the social and legal context dictated the close relationship between the homosexual subcultures and the cash nexus represented by the prostitution relationship. The third problem concerns the ambivalent nature of the "prostitution," the complex self-concepts that developed, and the factors inhibiting the development of a distinctive subculture of male prostitution. The differences between female and male prostitution are discussed. The paper concludes by underlining the ambivalence of "male prostitution". PMID- 7042823 TI - "Stigmata of degeneration". Prisoner markings in Nazi concentration camps. AB - The persecution of homosexual men, transvestites, and "race defilers" in Nazi Germany carried the traditional religious and psychiatric stigmatization of sexual nonconformists in Europe to its logical extreme. The system of prisoner markings in Nazi concentration camps and its stigmatizing function are described. PMID- 7042824 TI - The pink triangle. The persecution of homosexual males in concentration camps in Nazi Germany. AB - Having analyzed the fragmentary records of Nazi concentration camps, the author reports on the number and treatment of male homosexual prisoners. The total number of inmates officially defined as homosexual is estimated at about 10,000, although the number incarcerated varied greatly from camp to camp and as the war progressed. Pink-triangle prisoners had low social status, often were isolated from other inmates, and as compared to political prisoners and Jehovah's Witnesses, more frequently were given the most difficult work assignments and less frequently were assigned to light duties. They had a higher death rate and a lower survival rate upon release. Suicide rates were not significantly different from those of the other inmate groups studied. Pink-triangle prisoners were not subjected to exceptionally cruel treatment in all camps and at all times, however, and were not the only group of prisoners subjected to extreme abuse. PMID- 7042826 TI - Homosexuality in history. An annotated bibliography. PMID- 7042825 TI - The homosexual rights movement in the United States: a traditionally overlooked area of American history. AB - In this short account, the homosexual rights movement in the United States, traditionally overlooked by historians, is presented as a minority movement. References are made to the European origins and the early efforts in America. The author sees eight stages in the growth of the movement. In Stage 1, from 1908 through 1945, there were sporadic individual attempts to defend the rights of homosexual men and women. In the years immediately following World War II, Stage 2 witnessed the dawning of a minority consciousness among gay people living in the cities. Stage 3, from 1950 to 1952, represented a search for identity. During the years 1952-1953, Stage 4, righteous indignation flared up within the movement. In Stage 5, from 1953 to 1960, the movement emphasized information and educational approaches. The decade of the sixties, Stage 6, brought civil-rights activism to the homophile movement. In Stage 7, beginning in 1969, gay liberation emerged. Finally, in Stage 8 (1973-1979), the movement and the government responded to each other through institutional channels. The 1970s ended with two major confrontations, giving the decade of 1969 to 1979 a unity and sense of accomplishment. PMID- 7042827 TI - A lesbian execution in Germany, 1721: the trial records. AB - In 1891, Dr. F. C. Muller of Alexandersbad published in Friedreich's Blatter fur gerichtliche Medizin und Sanitatspolizei a transcription from the Prussian State Archives of a trial of two lesbians that took place in Halberstadt in 1721. The records, translated here, describe in lively detail the religious life, wanderings, and lesbian relations of Catherina Margaretha Linck. Linck was tried for committing sodomy with her lover, Catherina Margaretha Muhlhahn. The trial documents also reveal with some particularity the legal questions raised by lesbian relations in the early eighteenth century with regard to moral theology, Saxon law, and physiological theories. PMID- 7042828 TI - Historical perspectives on homosexuality. Introduction. PMID- 7042829 TI - Sodomy and heresy in early modern Switzerland. AB - The author compares records, from the early modern era, of sodomy trials in two parts of French Switzerland (Geneva, a Protestant city, and Fribourg, A Catholic pastoral area) and presents evidence that: (1) men charged with "sodomy" were prosecuted more often for homosexuality in cities and for bestiality in rural areas, (2) male homosexual subcultures were associated with the growth of large urban centers, (3) sodomy was punished with greater severity than any other crime than infanticide, (4) in both Geneva and Fribourg repression of sodomy increased during periods of religious zeal. With the advent of the Enlightenment, the number of sodomy trials fell as prosecutions for crimes of personal violence declined and prosecutions for crimes against property increased. This is the first English translation of Monter's article, originally written in French. PMID- 7042830 TI - Conceptions of homosexuality and sodomy in Western history. AB - This essay explores recent attempts to write the history of homosexuality and identifies two distinct approaches: the biographical approach, which reports on the private lives of individuals and charts the formation of homosexual subcultures; and the approach that studies the labeling and treatment of homosexual men and women by the heterosexual majority and examines the reasons why hatred of homosexuality increases and decreases over time. The author warns against applying modern definitions to words that have had different connotations. An an example of the possible confusion, the author discusses the two meanings of the work sodomy: unspecified sexual relations between males; and the act of anal intercourse, whether heterosexual or homosexual. Western civilization's association of the anus with evil, the devil, and bestiality is examined. PMID- 7042831 TI - Ho hum, another work of the devil. Buggery and sodomy in early Stuart England. AB - A study of contemporary handbooks for justices of the peace, sworn depositions, and other judicial records shows that in early Stuart England people were relatively tolerant of homosexuality. Sodomy was a minor felony, but more than homosexual activity was required to prosecute an offender. Persons accused of religious heresy, political offenses, or violating social-class distinctions also might be charged with sodomy, as illustrated by the cases of Lord Audley, Earl of Castlehaven and John Atherton, Bishop of Waterford and Lismore. Although the Puritans expanded the list of sexual acts proscribed as vices, even they did not react to it with the extreme horror characteristic of the Victorian era and the present day. PMID- 7042832 TI - Defining sodomy in seventeenth-century Massachusetts. AB - Legal and theological definitions of sodomy in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and various recommendations for its punishment, are discussed. A notorious case of heterosexual child molestation illustrates the differing views as to definitions of the crime and the requirements for imposing the death penalty. The author suggests that the strict legal procedures later established in order to avoid the confusion attendant upon this case actually reduced the number of arrests and convictions for homosexual activity. PMID- 7042833 TI - "Writhing bedfellows": 1826. Two young men from antebellum South Carolina's ruling elite share "extravagant delight". AB - In 1826, twenty-two-year-old Jeffrey Withers, later a judge in the South Carolina Court of Appeals and a delegate to the conferences that established a provisional government for the Confederacy, wrote two letters to his young friend, Jim Hammond, who would attain prominence as governor, member of congress, senator, and major apologist for slavery. The letters discussed homosexuality in a guilt free manner. The author suggests that this nonchalance may have been typical of this class and race in the antebellum South. The author's account of the difficulties surrounding his efforts to publish the Withers/Hammond letters provides historians with useful advise on how to deal with archivists when printing sensitive material. PMID- 7042834 TI - On the role of estrogens in endometrial carcinogenesis. PMID- 7042836 TI - Some ethnological aspects on the treatment of elderly women. PMID- 7042835 TI - Role of hormones in the etiology and prevention of endometrial and breast cancer. AB - Although there is a slightly increased risk of endometrial cancer from estrogen therapy for menopausal women, progestogens given along with the estrogen significantly decrease the incidence of this malignancy to a rate lower than that of untreated women. Postmenopausal women predisposed to adenocarcinoma of the endometrium because of increased endogenous estrogens can be identified with the progestogen challenge test and treated with cyclic progestogens for 10 days each month to prevent endometrial cancer. Oral contraceptives containing both estrogens and progestogens in each tablet are protective against developing adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, whereas the sequential birth control pills provided less protection. The incidence of breast cancer is significantly lower in both estrogen and estrogen-progestogen users than in postmenopausal women never using these hormones. In those women found to have breast cancer while using these hormones, the prognosis is better than that found in women never exposed to exogenous estrogens, most likely due to an earlier detection. No clear cut pattern of either abnormal hormone production or milieu has been found in women with carcinoma of the breast. Oral contraceptives reduce the risk of benign breast disease and afford some protection from the subsequent development of breast cancer. The mortality rate from breast cancer developing in oral contraceptive users is significantly lower than that of the non-users. PMID- 7042837 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in relation to hormonal replacement therapy. AB - The effect of hormone replacement therapy on carbohydrate metabolism in menopausal women is briefly reviewed. Estrogen treatment has bi-phasic effect; abnormal glucose tolerance with a normal insulin level is commonly found within 3 months of treatment, followed by normalization of the glycemia when treatment is extended beyond one year. Normal tolerance usually occurs once treatment is stopped. Estrogens may therefore be regarded as being glucogenic (reversible blood glucose elevation) rather than diabetogenic (permanent hyperglycemia). With some exceptions, progestogens have little effect on glucose tolerance within the first 3-6 months of treatment; thereafter progressive hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia occur. Postulated mechanisms for the hormonal effect on carbohydrate metabolism are noted, including the possible synergistic effect of estrogens on progestogen glucogenic activity. The significance of chronic hyperglycemia and vascular disease is commented upon. PMID- 7042838 TI - Successful murine tumor allotransplantation after total lymphoid irradiation. AB - C3H/Km (H-2k) mice were treated with fractionated total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) (17 x 200 rad) and then were inoculated with 3 x 10(6) tumor cells from the EMT6 tumor cell line derived from the BALB/c (H-2d) mouse. One group of mice also received an i.v. infusion of BALB/c bone marrow (3 x 10(7) cells). Tumors in control animals (no TLI) became palpable within 10 days after inoculation, but subsequent tumor regression was rapid, with complete disappearance in all animals by 23 days. Initial tumor growth was exponential in both groups of mice treated with TLI, but tumors regressed after 30 days in the animals treated with TLI alone. In the group treated with TLI and bone marrow infusion exponential tumor growth continued until pulmonary metastases developed and all animals died. The TLI-treated mouse provides a model for tumor allografting. Further development of this model may demonstrate its efficacy in human tumor xenotransplantation. PMID- 7042839 TI - Studies of human natural killer cells. II. Analysis at the single cell level. PMID- 7042840 TI - Modulation of lymphocyte migration by human lymphokines. I. Identification and characterization of chemoattractant activity for lymphocytes from mitogen stimulated mononuclear cells. PMID- 7042841 TI - Modulation of lymphocyte migration by human lymphokines. II. Purification of a lymphotactic factor (LCF). PMID- 7042843 TI - Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subpopulation activation in lectin-stimulated cultures. PMID- 7042842 TI - Detection of a tumor-associated antigen on the surface of human myelogenous leukemia cells. AB - Membrane extracts of human acute myelogenous leukemia cells were passed over immunoadsorbent columns containing antibodies directed to equivalent preparations of pooled normal peripheral blood leukocytes. This material, when compared to equivalent normal cell preparations on nonreducing polyacrylamide gels, demonstrated the presence of four unique bands, not found in normal cell preparations. With the use of a previously described leukemia-specific heteroantiserum, these bands, after elution, were tested for reactivity with the antiserum. The eluted material containing reactive antigen was used to immunize rabbits. The resulting antiserum showed strong reactivity with myelogenous leukemic cells extracts and none with normal materials. A series of bone marrow samples from patients with a variety of lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative disorders were tested with this antiserum in the fluorescence activated cell sorter. In every instance, bone marrow cells from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia showed strong positive fluorescence with this antiserum. However, no bone marrow cells from patients with lymphoproliferative disorders or patients with other leukemias showed any fluorescence above background with this antiserum. PMID- 7042844 TI - Tentative assignment of alleles for guinea pig Ia antigens. I. Ia.3,5 and Ia.4,5 share structural homology expected for alleles. PMID- 7042845 TI - Human T cell hybridomas producing lymphokines. I. Establishment and characterization of human T cell hybridomas producing lymphotoxin and migration inhibitory factor. AB - Stable human T cell hybridomas were produced by cell fusion between PHA-activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes and human acute lymphatic leukemia cells of a CEM cell line whose proliferation had been inhibited by treatment with an irreversible protein synthesis inhibitor (emetine) and an irreversible RNA synthesis inhibitor (actinomycin D). Two hybrid cell lines (E10, F8) thus produced expressed OKT3-reactive antigen, HLA-A1 and -B8 antigens derived from CEM cells, and HLA-A2 antigen derived from PBL, and they have 10 more chromosomes than CEM cells. Furthermore, these cell lines continuously secreted lymphotoxin over 3 mo. E10 was found to produce MIF in addition to lymphotoxin. Cloning of E10 and the relationship between the functions and surface phenotypes of E10 sublines were examined. Lymphotoxin-producing hybrids (E10-15 and E10-37) express more OKT8-reactive antigen than OKT4-reactive antigen, while lymphotoxin and MIF producing hybrids (E10-25, E10-42, and E10-43) express more OKT4-reactive antigen than OKT8-reactive antigen. PMID- 7042846 TI - The presence of sialic acid on two related bacterial polysaccharides determines the site of the primary immune response and the effect of complement depletion on the response in mice. AB - We have examined the antibody responses in mice to two structurally similar antigens: the capsular polysaccharide of type 3 group B streptococci (sssGBS 3) and the capsular polysaccharide of type 14 pneumococci (sssPn 14), which differ only in the presence of a terminal sialic acid on the side chain of the former. The cells that produce antibody to the nonsialated antigen (sssPn 14) reside in the spleen, whereas the cells that produce antibody to the sialated antigen (sssGBS 3) do not. Cobra venom factor treatment of the mice before immunization abrogates the antibody response to the nonsialated antigen, but does not affect the response to the sialated antigen. PMID- 7042848 TI - Medical education in India since independence. PMID- 7042847 TI - Heterogeneity of A/J anti-AR antibodies that express a minor cross-reactive idiotype. PMID- 7042849 TI - Quantitative inheritance of heterophile rheumatoid factor responsiveness in mice. AB - A heterophile rheumatoid factor (RF) response to LPS was measured in mice by means of a plaque assay using target cells coated with bovine IgG. CBA mice were high responders and A, and DBA/2 were low responders, while strains C57Bl, and LP/J showed low to intermediate responsiveness. Use of appropriate congenic strains confirmed that responsiveness is not closely associated with either H-2 or Igh. Failure to respond is not likely to be due to a V-region deficiency, nor can it be readily circumvented, by heterosis (complementation) or the use of high doses of LPS or an extra virulent form of LPS. Breeding experiments show a quantitative trait with maternal responder status having a measurably positive effect. PMID- 7042850 TI - William Henry Wishard, a doctor of the old school. PMID- 7042851 TI - Diabetes mellitus: new approaches to complications. PMID- 7042853 TI - Three-year results with sorbitol in clinical longitudinal experiments. PMID- 7042852 TI - One appointment amalgam core preparation. PMID- 7042854 TI - The ecology of eosinophils in schistosomiasis. AB - Schistosomiasis is characterized clinically by an increase in eosinophil counts in bone marrow and peripheral blood. This eosinophil response is also manifest pathologically by cell accumulation around the invading schistosomula and the parasite ova retained in host tissues. The parasites undergo a series of antigenic and maturational changes within the host that result in two distinct peaks of eosinophilia. Furthermore, products of parasite interaction with complement, antibodies, and sensitized T lymphocytes have been shown to enhance eosinophil migration and chemotaxis. Eosinophils, which constitute a prominent cellular component in the host response to the schistosomes, may be activated biochemically. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have delineated a protective role for the eosinophils against schistosomula and eggs. The ability of these cells to destroy multicellular parasites has been shown to be due to highly reactive oxygen reduction products or to release of cationic or major basic proteins from the granules. PMID- 7042855 TI - Grouping of human adenoviruses by early antigen reactivity. AB - Prototype strains of human adenovirus (AV) (serotypes 1-35) as well as 49 wild strains were studied for reactivity of early antigens (EAs) with type-specific rabbit immune sera, using the immunoperoxidase antibody technique for determination of virus-specific IgG. The EAs of all AV serotypes belonging to one group reacted strongly with all type-specific immune sera of the homologous group. Reactivity with antisera to heterologous groups was moderate or absent except for the EAs of AV type 4, which reacted strongly with all AV-immune sera. Thus, on the basis of EA reactivity, all AV strains appeared to fall into five distinct groups (corresponding to DNA homology groups): group A, types 12, 18, and 31; group B, types 3, 7, 11, 14, 16, 21, 34, and 35; group C, types 1, 2, 5, and 6; group D, types 8-10, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22-30, 32, and 33; and group E, type 4. For diagnostic virology, EA grouping is a valid alternative to differential hemagglutination; it is more complete, and all AV strains can be rapidly classified. PMID- 7042856 TI - [Recent progress in prostaglandin research. Biochemistry of thromboxanes, prostacyclin, and leukotrienes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042857 TI - [Nucleosome structure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042858 TI - [Expression of adenovirus early genes and 5'-terminal structure of early mRNAs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042859 TI - [Immunofluorescent study on experimentally induced gingivitis in dogs. II. A significance of immune complexes on initiation of gingivitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042860 TI - [Periodontal disease and resistance factor. I. Immunopathological study for detection of antibiotic factors in the pocket fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042861 TI - [The clinical detection on the new measurement of gingival fluid--investigation on the capacitance of gingival fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042862 TI - Microstructure change and segregation distribution in dental 32 Ni-23 Cu-25 Mn casting alloy. (Part 1) Effect of air-vent system. AB - In low-melting 32 Ni-23 Cu-25 Mn alloy, the structure change and the segregation distribution were investigated in optical microscopy. The use of air-vent system to casting specimen had a notable effect to morphology and grain-size distribution, but the segregation showed the same tendency as the air-cooled specimen without air-vent system, except Cu segregated in B-grain less than in C grain. PMID- 7042863 TI - Microstructure change and segregation distribution in dental 32 Ni-23 Cu-25 Mn casting alloy. (Part II) Effect of chill-metal system. AB - When chill-metal was used to disk-like casting specimens in low-melting Ni-Cu-Mn alloy, the following results were obtained in comparison with air-vent system: dendritic A-grain changed spherically, and the amount of B-grain increased. In case of grain-size distribution, C-grain changed to a very small-scale, but the others (A- and B-grains) showed the same change as air-vent system. In addition, the segregation distribution of Ni, Cu, Mn, Cr and Ge in individual grains was found, similarly to air-vent system. PMID- 7042864 TI - [Studies on dental self-curing resins (19) - adhesion of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin to pretreated dentine (author's transl)]. AB - A new 4-META/MMA-TBB adhesive resin has been studied and the effectiveness on adhesion to tooth substrates and dental alloys was reported previously. Here we are showing affection of cleaner or etchants on the adhesion between dentines and the 4-META/MMA-TBB resin. The adhesive strength becomes superior, 18 MPa, when dentines have been cleaned with a 10% citric acid-3% ferric chloride solution. On the other hand an etchant, phosphoric acid or citric acid alone, is not so effective as the mixed solution and the strength decreases to 6 MPa. Scanning electron microscopic study on pretreated dentine with several solutions is also carried out and it is found that debris on dentine should be removed but that in tubules is not necessary to be cleaned up to get good adhesion. PMID- 7042865 TI - [Studies on dental self-curing resins (20) - adhesion mechanism of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin to dentine (author's transl)]. AB - Scanning electron microscopic studies on dentine surface cleaned with a mixture of citric acid and ferric chloride, fractured surfaces parallel to the tubules of dentine and dentine with the cured adhesive and the partially demineralized fractured surfaces, tensile fractured surface of the joint on the dentine and cured adhesive resin tags impregnated in tubules were carried out to clarify the adhesion mechanism. Infiltration of monomers into dentine is more important to get good adhesion with dentine than the interlocking at dentinal tubules due to impregnated resin. Monomers with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups like 4 META promote the monomer infiltration. The infiltrated and cured adhesive layer in dentine is observed at the subsurface dentine zone. This zone has excellent resistance against acid demineralization. PMID- 7042867 TI - [Studies on the performance of the dental air turbine handpieces. (Part 6) Investigation on the power of several air turbine handpieces (N = No-CvEv gamma) (author's transl)]. AB - We have examined the basic studies on the rotational performance of the air turbine handpieces by using the brake method. Once, we used the constant feed speed testing method in which the test bur was pressed to the brake block at a constant feed speed. In the case of this method, the load increases in inverse proportion to the rotational speed as the loading time increases. In this paper for analyzing on the problem of the brake block materials used to this testing method, we did the performance test of the usually used air turbine handpieces by using the glass and the supper alloy which were superior to the frictional resistance as the brake materials. Consequently, by the difference of these brake materials, the characteristics of handpieces are not influences. But, in the long loading times, the dynamic friction coefficient between the glass block and the test bur became the great values. Therefore, in the constant feed speed testing method, the measured values of normal loads on the test bur, are influenced with the dynamic friction coefficients in the high load levels. On the rapidly dropped phenomenon of the rotational speed of air turbine handpieces, we measured the moment values at the support of test bur. And then we discussed the relation between the rotational performance and the length of burs or points using for cutting instruments. On the basis of the theoretical and experimental investigations of air turbine's rotational performance, we measured and examined the maximum works of the various kinds of the handpieces used in clinical field. The characteristics of the four-type handpieces, such the standard, torque and miniature types and air bearing type, used in this studies, were influenced with the materials of the brake block as far as the bounds of the loads were high in the rotational performance tests. PMID- 7042866 TI - [Adhesion of polysulfide rubber impression material to dental metals (author's transl)]. AB - In order to investigate the adhesiveness of polysulfide rubber impression material to dental metals, we performed the tension test on the sample specimens which had been prepared by injecting the impression material into the gap between opposite metal surfaces finished brightly, thereafter observed the fractured surfaces. Pure metals decreased their adhesive strength to the impression material in order of Au, Pd greater than Ag greater than Cu. Some noble metal alloys containing gold and palladium in a large amount showed the good adhesiveness. In clinical using of 14 carat gold and gold-palladium-silver alloys for core metal, it should be noticed that polysulfide rubber adheres tightly to these alloys. Adhesive strength of copper was not so great comparing with noble metals, therefore the surface of copper tray should be roughned by emery paper above #500, aiming the mechanical bonding forth to increase. The surface of many metals which had left in regulated atmosphere for many hours showed the tendency to decrease their adhesiveness to the impression material. This tendency was not recognized on the metals which had appeared the failure of adhesion bond on the bright finished surfaces. PMID- 7042868 TI - [The cushion ability of lining materials for the setting and heating expansion of plaster bonded investment in casting ring. Part I: For casting mold cavity of inlay type (author's transl)]. AB - We measured the dimensional change of mold cavity in casting ring and casting accuracy for inlay type casting using two kinds of lining materials in various conditions. These lining materials were asbestos ribbon and ceramic fiber. In the comparison of cushion ability for the expansion of investment in casting ring of these two lining materials, following results were obtained. 1. Compressibility of ceramic fiber was twice as much as asbestos. And, two sheets of ceramic fiber ribbons had enough ability for free expansion of investment in casting ring. 2. More than two sheets of asbestos ribbons in dry state had the ability of compensation for casting shrinkage in heating process. 3. Asbestos ribbon in wet state made a setting expansion of investment larger, but had not any ability of cushion for heating expansion of investment. 4. If the cushion ability of lining materials was not enough, the mold cavity shrank. The order of this shrinking inclination were no lining material state, two sheets, one sheet of wet asbestos, and one sheet of dry asbestos. 5. This shrinking inclination of smaller cavity was greater than that of larger cavity. That meant that the larger thickness of investment in ring made this shrinking inclination greater. 6. In case of without mold cavity, the heating expansion of the investment toward the casting ring were same value at any position in casting ring. PMID- 7042869 TI - [Studies on dental self-curing resins (22) - adhesion of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin to enamel (author's transl)]. AB - Bovine enamels cleaned with citric acid and FeCl3 which had been brushed or ground were joined with PMMA rods with the 4-META/MMA-TBB cement. Their tensile adhesive strength was measured after post-treatments. Stable adhesive strength such as 6.2 MPa was obtained on an enamel which was brushed and washed with an aqueous solution of 10% citric acid-3% FeCl3 for 30 sec. even after a 60 times percolation test between 4 degrees C and 60 degrees C. It is adequate to clinics. The value increased to 16.1 MPa on ground enamel. These results suggest that phosphoric acid etching, essential nowadays, is not necessary for good adhesion to enamel. Monomers with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups like 4-META possess affinity with tooth substrates and promote the infiltration of cements into the enamel. The infiltrated monomers polymerized in situ and strong adhesion with the enamel took place. Comparison of the tag length formed in the enamel by cements, MMA-TBB, HNPM/MMA-TBB, Phenyl-P/MMA-TBB and 4-META/MMA-TBB supports this consideration. PMID- 7042870 TI - [The effect of eugenol cement, CC, FC on the bonding strength of the adhesive resin to the tooth surface (author's transl)]. AB - Bovine tooth surface pretreated with dental medicaments-Eugenol cement (ZOE), CC, FC was used to adhere to acrylic rod by adhesive resins-Clearfil F II and 4 META MMA-TBB-O. The effects of the dental medicaments on the bonding strength of the adhesive resin were measured. The results were showed as follows: (1) Any pretreatment of the three medicaments reduced the bonding strength of Clearfil to both enamel and dentin surface. With 4-META-MMA-TBB-O resin system the bonding strength was reduced by ZOE and CC while it was increased by FC pretreatment. (2) On the enamel tooth surface premedicated with ZOE, FC or CC, the alcohol rinsing or mechanic grinding reduced the decrease of the bonding strength of Clearfil. With 4-META-MMA-TBB-O resin, the mechanic grinding of the premedicated enamel tooth surface increased the bonding strength. (3) On the premedicated dentin tooth surface, the mechanic grinding reduced the decrease of the bonding strength of 4-META-MMA-TBB-O. Alcohol rinsing, on the contrary, decreased the bonding strength. (4) On both fresh and premedicated dentin surface the bonding strength of Clearfil was lower than 3 MPa. PMID- 7042871 TI - [Study of nickel-chromium alloys containing titanium for porcelain bonding (author's transl)]. AB - In order to analyze the effects of titanium and chromium and to determine the best composition of nickel-chromium alloys containing titanium for porcelain bonding, the mechanical properties, the tarnish resistance, and the porcelain bond strength of each of sixteen experimental alloys which were composed of nickel (54 to 90 wt%), chromium (10 to 40 wt%), titanium (0 to 6 wt%) were studied. The values of tensile strength, proportional limit, and Vickers hardness number for the alloys ranged from 33.4 to 68.1 kgf/mm2, 9.2 to 67.6 kgf/mm2, and 109 to 504 respectively. The increasing amount of titanium and/or chromium tended to the increase of those values. The elongation was higher than 24% for the alloys containing no titanium, but decreased to 0.3% with the increase of titanium and/or chromium content. The tarnish resistance for the alloys which contained only 10% chromium was not good. The porcelain bond strength of the alloys increased very significantly as the titanium content and/or the chromium content increased. In this study, the compositions of 58 to 76% Ni - 20 to 40%Cr 2 to 4%Ti were considered to be optimum for porcelain bonding. PMID- 7042872 TI - Artificial respiration: a new mode utilizing high frequency positive pressure ventilation. PMID- 7042873 TI - Long-term enzyme replacement therapy in beta-glucuronidase--deficient mice by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. AB - Enzyme replacement therapy was successfully accomplished in beta-Glu-deficient C3H/HeJ mice after transplantation of BM cells obtained from normal BALB/c donors. Marrow recipients were prepared for transplantation by fractionated TLI. Enzyme activity increased from 20.5 +/- 7.0 nmol/mg of protein per hour to 180 +/ 30.2 in the liver (p less than 0.001) and from 8.2 +/- 2.0 to 17.5 +/- 5.0 nmol/ml/hr in the plasma (p less than 0.05) at 50 days after marrow infusion. Normal enzyme activity was maintained in treated mice for at least 100 days after marrow transplantation, as documented by repeated liver biopsies and examination of plasma samples. The marrow donors and the recipients were fully histoincompatible. Both immunologic rejection of the marrow allograft and GVHD were prevented by the prior conditioning of the recipients with TLI, resulting in bilateral transplantation tolerance of host vs. graft and graft vs. host. The data suggest that allogeneic BM transplantation may provide a possible therapeutic approach for certain enzyme deficiency syndromes. PMID- 7042874 TI - Glomerular immune complex formation and induction of lymphoma in athymic nude mice by tissue filtrates of Crohn's disease patients. AB - Lymph nodes and intestinal filtrates from Crohn's disease patients produced lymphoma in five and plasma cell hyperplasia in two of 63 athymic (nu/nu) mice. None of 27 mice injected with intestinal filtrates from ulcerative colitis patients but one of 13 mice injected with normal-appearing colon developed lymphoma. With an indirect immunofluorescence technique, sera from all nine patients with symptomatic Crohn's disease and one of 15 patients with asymptomatic Crohn's disease demonstrated cytoplasmic immunofluorescence in a lymphoma produced by Crohn's disease filtrates, but not in a control filtrate induced lymphoma. None of 46 sera from ulcerative colitis patients or control subjects demonstrated immunofluorescence. In addition, immunofluorescent staining with symptomatic Crohn's disease sera recognized an antigen(s) within glomeruli that were also stained with anti-mouse IgG and IgM. Kidneys from the control mice did not show any staining. These studies suggest that an agent present in lymph nodes and intestine of patients with Crohn's disease can induce lymphoma and glomerular immune complexes in nu/nu mice. PMID- 7042875 TI - A new method of screening for inherited disorders of galactose metabolism. AB - A method has been developed for detecting elevated levels of galactose and galactose-1-phosphate in routine blood samples of newborns and has been successfully applied as a screening procedure for galactosemia in several laboratories. The procedure utilizes a strain of Escherichia coli that becomes resistant to bacteriophage C21 in the presence of galactose. The presence of galactose or galactose-1-phosphate is detected as a zone of bacterial growth around blood spots placed on a dish in which the bacteria are otherwise killed by phage. The diameter of the growth zone is proportional to the concentration of total blood galactose. The procedure has the potential of detecting all metabolic abnormalities that can lead to the accumulation of galactose or galactose-1 phosphate. Over a million newborn infants have now been tested by this procedure in three countries. In the New England Regional Screening Program, 12 galactosemic children were detected in 825,403 live births. One additional case, a sibling of a previously diagnosed galactosemic, was not allowed any milk feeding and was detected by an enzymatic test of cord blood. The combined frequency was 1:63,000. No problems of interference by antibiotics were apparent. Use of the test in Switzerland and in Japan also allowed the discovery of infants with UDP galactose 4-epimerase deficiency. Our experience suggests that the test provides an efficient and reliable means of detecting congenital defects of galactose metabolism with a very low frequency of errors. It can also be used to monitor blood galactose levels in the management of galactosemic children. PMID- 7042876 TI - Management of the stapes footplate with special reference to otosclerosis. PMID- 7042877 TI - Repair of a subglottic stenosis by submucosal resection. AB - A subglottic, intralaryngeal stenosis in a 5-year-old boy was successfully removed by microsurgical submucosal resection. The method reported provides adequate subglottic augmentation and interferes with the laryngeal cartilage only minimally. The use of small split-thickness skin grafts for lining material is advocated, as they take immediately and reduce the time for stenting. At followup, no recurrent stenosis has developed and the site of the skin grafts has been lined with ciliated mucosa. Post-operative hospitalization was considered to be acceptably short. PMID- 7042878 TI - Metabolism of very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (22:1) and the adaptation to their presence in the diet. AB - Unadapted rats and other animal species have a limited capacity to metabolize monounsaturated fatty acids with 22 carbons (22:1). Excess amounts in the diet of fats containing these fatty acids cause a transient accumulation (lipidosis) of triacylglycerol in the heart and other tissues but not in the liver, which seems to export the 22:1 fatty acids as very low density lipoproteins to the blood plasma. The acute lipidosis most probably is explained by a slow oxidation of 22:1 acyl-CoA by the mitochondrial acyl-CoA dehydrogenase combined with an inhibitory effect of this CoA ester on the oxidation of acyl-CoA esters of a more "normal" chain length. Other fatty acid metabolizing enzymes also show slow reaction rates with the 22:1 fatty acids. Upon continued feeding of diets with 22:1 fatty acids, an adaptation takes place and the lipidosis disappears. This adaptation coincides with the development of an increased capacity to chain shorten the 22:1 fatty acids, especially in the liver, but also in the heart. The chain-shortening seems to be due to a partial beta-oxidation of the 22:1 fatty acids by the peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzyme system which shows an increased activity in adapted rats. In such rats, less 22:1 fatty acids circulate in the plasma very low density lipoproteins than in unadapted rats. The drug clofibrate (ethyl-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate) which induces increased activity of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzymes, provides partial protection against the lipidosis in unadapted animals. Hydrogenated fish oil (containing different 22:1 isomers and many fatty acids with trans double bonds) is more efficient as an inducer of the chain-shortening of erucic acid in the liver than is rapeseed oil, which contains only one 22:1 fatty acid isomer and no fatty acids with trans double bonds. The hydrogenated fish oil causes less lipidosis than does rapeseed oil when diets containing the same amount of 22:1 fatty acids are fed. It is suggested that CoA esters that are poorly oxidized by the mitochondria (e.g., esters of erucic acid, of some fatty acids with trans double bonds, and of clofibric acid) may trigger the adaptation process.-Bremer, J., and K. R. Norum. Metabolism of very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (22:1) and the adaptation to their presence in the diet. PMID- 7042879 TI - Total hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase activity in the small intestine and liver of insulin-deficient rats. AB - We examined the effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34), in liver and small intestine of rats. During the acute phase of insulin deficiency (first day), food intake, plasma cholesterol, and reductase specific activity in liver all decreased. By 3 days, food intake, plasma cholesterol, and reductase activity in small intestine were all increasing. After 1 week, total reductase activity in small intestine was 2.5 times normal, whereas activity in liver remained low. Thus diabetes shifted the major site of cholesterol synthesis from the liver to the small intestine. These data support the proposal that hyperphagia by diabetic rats leads to increased input of both dietary and newly synthesized cholesterol by the small intestine into thoracic lymph and thereby contributes significantly to their hypercholesterolemia. The possibility that diabetes affected the F--inhibitable activation of reductase in vitro was also tested. There was no evidence of an effect in small intestine, but activation of reductase in vitro was decreased by 1/3 in liver. These data suggest that, in liver, either the activity of the activator was decreased or the fraction of reductase in the active state was increased after more than 12 hr of insulin deficiency. PMID- 7042880 TI - Improved insulin responsiveness in rat adipose tissue pieces cultured with charcoal-treated albumin and oxygen. AB - In an effort tao simulate the effects of insulin on fat cells prepared from fresh adipose tissue, pieces of epididymal adipose tissue were cultured in a medium containing charcoal-treated bovine serum albumin (BSA) with a gas phase of 100% O2. Using this system, the insulin effect on [1-14C]glucose oxidation was retained, in contrast to previous results in culture with untreated BSA in room air. Basal [1-14C]glucose oxidation was similar to fresh tissue, and insulin stimulated oxidation by 137%. In contrast to the effects of this culture system on [1-14C]glucose oxidation, tissue cultured with charcoal-treated BSA had lower basal rates of [U-14C]glucose utilization and 2-deoxyglucose uptake than either cells from fresh tissue or from tissue cultured with untreated BSA. The insulin effect on both of these measures was similar for the two culture systems and lower than for fresh tissues. Rates of lipolysis were increased in both types of cultured fat cells. Thus the improvement in [1-14C]glucose oxidation is presumably an effect on the pentose phosphate shunt, does not reflect a change in glucose transport or overall glucose utilization, and is not caused by a reduction in free fatty acid levels. PMID- 7042881 TI - Triacylglycerol turnover in large and small rat adipocytes: effects of lipolytic stimulation, glucose, and insulin. AB - Rates of lipolysis and reesterification were determined under various conditions in adipocytes from epididymal fat pads of old, spontaneously obese rats and compared to cells from younger, leaner animals. No differences were observed in lipolytic responsiveness to several concentrations (2--50 microM) of the beta adrenergic agent ritodrine compared to cells from younger, leaner rats. The large cells showed diminished rates of lipolysis, reesterification, and glyceride glycerol synthesis from glucose of a submaximal but not maximal insulin concentrations, probably reflecting decreased large cell receptor numbers. In both cell types reesterification measured in the presence of ritodrine progressively rose with increasing concentrations of glucose in the medium. At each glucose concentration (0.5--25 mM) rates of reesterification were similar in each cell type. When maximal concentrations of insulin (5 nM) were also added, at low glucose concentrations (less than 5 mM) there was a similar increase in reesterification in large and small cells. No insulin effect in either cell type was observed at high concentrations of glucose. Although fatty acid synthesis from glucose in the large cells was markedly diminished, glyceride-glycerol synthesis was well maintained, correlating well with calculated reesterification rates. In fact, reesterification was found to be quantitatively very important in determining total triacylglycerol turnover in both cell types. High rates of reesterification might not only allow maintenance of triacylglycerol stores, but could also increase metabolic sensitivity to changes in hormonal or substrate concentrations. PMID- 7042882 TI - Are you expecting a miracle? PMID- 7042883 TI - Private practice--no dinosaur! PMID- 7042886 TI - Resources on computer applications in health care. PMID- 7042885 TI - A recursively interpreted data structure for representing clinical entities. AB - Clinical investigations generate a spectrum of data and data relationships that no longer fit simple data structures. To build a data management facility sufficiently flexible to deal with this spectrum of structures is thus an important problem. A general table-based data structure is presented that provides the clinical investigator with a means of tailoring the data structure to the experimentally derived data. The use of such a general structure appears limited to settings where deletion of instances of data is infrequent. This restriction poses no serious constraint in most clinical investigations. PMID- 7042884 TI - A perspective on instructional uses of computing in medicine. AB - Over the past two decades the use of computers for instructional purposes in the medical and health fields has grown in terms of both the numbers of users and the variety of material available. Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) was proposed as a cost-effective means of providing individualized instruction as well as an ideal medium for the presentation of complex problems. Applications have ranged from the primitive drill and practice mode to the fairly sophisticated processes of decision making and differential diagnosis. Although CAI may never fulfill the high expectations of early proponents, the medium appears to have found acceptance as a useful adjunct to the instructional process. PMID- 7042887 TI - Immunopathology of benign chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood. PMID- 7042888 TI - Preliminary report: trials on the use of BCG vaccine as adjuvant immunotherapeutic agent in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Egypt. PMID- 7042889 TI - Hermetic sealing of root canals--the Greeks had a name for it. PMID- 7042890 TI - Clinical significance of the pulse granuloma. PMID- 7042891 TI - A scanning electron microscope study of the blood vessels of dog pulp using corrosion resin casts. PMID- 7042893 TI - The effect of immediate versus delayed dowel space preparation on the integrity of the apical seal. PMID- 7042892 TI - The short-term sealing properties of lateral condensation, vertical condensation, and Hydron using 14C human serum albumin. PMID- 7042894 TI - The effect of temperature on tolerance to ischemia in experimental free flaps. PMID- 7042895 TI - A one-suture end-to-side microvascular sleeve anastomosis: preliminary report. PMID- 7042896 TI - Formation of Charcot-Leyden crystals by human basophils. AB - Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLC) are currently believed to be unique to the eosinophil and a hallmark of active eosinophilic inflammation or proliferation. The distinctiveness of the CLC to the eosinophil was questioned in 1965 by Archer and Blackwood (9), but their demonstration of CLC formation in basophils was ignored and later dismissed (1) as being the result of eosinophil contamination of basophil-enriched cell suspensions. We reexamined this question and showed that basophils obtained from the peripheral blood of normal individuals form CLC and that basophils contain a protein that is immunochemically indistinguishable from eosinophil CLC protein. These conclusions are based upon the findings that (a) crystal formation in basophils was demonstrated by specific histochemical staining of crystal-containing cells in highly enriched basophil suspensions prepared by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) purification of surface IgE positive cells, (b) that enrichment for surface IgE-positive cells (primarily basophils) by the FACS also enriched for cells staining positively by immunofluorescence for eosinophil CLC protein, and (c) that CLC protein was measured by radioimmunoassay in cell extracts prepared from purified basophil suspensions containing 97-99% basophils and absolutely no contaminating eosinophils. These basophil extracts contained a protein immunochemically indistinguishable from eosinophil CLC protein. Based upon these findings, the CLC or the protein comprising the crystal (lysophospholipase) can no longer be considered as distinctive to the eosinophil. We must now consider the possibility that the presence of CLC in tissues, sputum, or stool may also represent basophil involvement in disease processes. PMID- 7042897 TI - Fluoroimmunoassay of digoxin in serum. AB - A heterogeneous (solid-phase separation) fluoroimmunoassay for digoxin in serum was developed employing antibodies coupled to magnetisable cellulose/iron oxide particles and a fluorescein-labelled digoxin derivative as tracer. Intrinsic fluorophores and other potentially interfering components of serum samples were reliably and completely removed at the separation and wash steps of the assay procedure which were facilitated by magnetic sedimentation. In order to attain adequate sensitivity (detection limit 0.2 micrograms/l (0.26 nmol/l) serum digoxin), a sample volume of 500 microliters was necessary. Assay results for patients' specimens correlated well with those obtained using established charcoal--separation (r = 0.96) and magnetisable solid-phase (r = 0.95) radioimmunoassays. The feasibility of a "stat" adaptation of the fluoroimmunoassay that involved only two standards (0.5 and 4 micrograms/l digoxin) was demonstrated. The stat method would be suitable for the assay of urgent or single specimens. PMID- 7042898 TI - [Horseradish peroxidase: kinetic studies and optimization of the activity determination with the substrates H2O2 and o-phenylenediamine (author's transl)]. AB - To optimize the determination of the activity of peroxidase, an enzyme often used as a marker and indicator system in enzyme immunoassays, the kinetics of the catalytic reaction and its dependence on the H2O2 and o-phenylenediamine concentration at various pH values were investigated. In addition, the influence of buffer systems, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time were determined. Based on the results, a test procedure is proposed for the measurement of peroxidase down to concentrations of 2 ng/l. PMID- 7042899 TI - Biochemistry and clinical chemistry--a retrospect. PMID- 7042901 TI - Site of gene action of the white allele (Miwh) of the microphthalmia locus: a dermal-epidermal recombination study. AB - The white allele Miwh of the microphthalmia locus, when homozygous, causes a complete absence of neural crest-derived melanocytes in skin and internal organs. The site(s) of gene action of Miwh on melanoblast differentiation were examined by making dermal-epidermal recombinant grafts with skin from 13-14-day embryos of the following genotypes: normal (+/+), heterozygous white (Miwh/+), homozygous white (Miwh/Miwh), and dominant spotting (W/W). Based on results from these grafts, the following conclusions were reached: Miwh/Miwh epidermis is as effective as W/W epidermis in supporting the differentiation of +/+ follicular melanocytes. Miwh/Miwh dermis is completely permissive to in situ differentiation of +/+ follicular melanocytes. Thirteen-fourteen-day embryonic Miwh/Miwh skin, both epidermis and dermis, alters of blocks the differentiation of +/+ melanoblasts into dermal melanocytes. By 13 days of development, melanoblasts from both Miwh/+ and Miwh/Miwh skin, even when presented with a permissive W/W environment, are irreversibly redirected into abnormal developmental pathways resulting in either a reduction in follicular pigmentation (Miwh/+) or a complete absence of follicular melanocytes (Miwh/Miwh). PMID- 7042900 TI - Hyperuricemia and gout. AB - Although chronic tophaceous gout has become increasingly uncommon, hyperuricemia and acute gout are still common clinical entities. Most patients with hyperuricemia are under-excreters, and many of these cases are drug induced. Since longstanding asymptomatic hyperuricemia does not appear to cause progressive renal insufficiency, and uric acid renal stones are uncommon in underexcreters, these patients generally require no treatment. The minority of patients who overproduce uric acid are at increased risk for urolithiasis, and therapy should be decided on an individual basis. Acute gout is best treated with colchicine or indomethacin. The newer non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ie, ibuprofen, sulindac) may prove to be equally effective and are associated with fewer gastrointestinal side effects. Prophylaxis should be undertaken in patients with recurrent gout or documented uric acid urolithiasis. Although uricosuric drugs appear to be less toxic than allopurinol, they should not be used in patients who overproduce uric acid or in patients who have a history of urolithiasis or renal insufficiency. The allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome is being reported with increased frequency and may be fatal. PMID- 7042902 TI - [Studies of plasma active and inactive renins in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Part IV. Molecular forms of renin in nephrotic syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042903 TI - Successful treatment of experimental Escherichia coli infections in mice using phage: its general superiority over antibiotics. AB - Anti-K 1 phages were more active in vitro and in vivo against an 018:K1:H7 ColV+ Escherichia coli strain, designated MW, than were other phages. A single intramuscular dose of one anti-K1 phage was more effective than multiple intramuscular does of tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, or trimethoprim plus sulphafurazole in curing mice of a potentially lethal intramuscularly or intracerebrally induced infection of MW; it was at least as effective as multiple intramuscular doses of streptomycin. When MW and the phage were inoculated into different gastrocnemius muscles of the same mice, a rapid reduction in numbers of MW organisms occurred in the MW-inoculated muscle and in other tissues; the numbers of phage particles in the MW-inoculated muscle increased rapidly and greatly. MW failed to proliferate in the brains of intracerebrally infected mice that had been inoculated intramuscularly with the phage at the same time; many more phage particles were found in the brains of these mice than in other sites. The few phage-resistant mutants of MW found in the phage-treated mich were K1-; previous studies had shown such mutants to be of greatly reduced virulence. The phage administered intramuscularly 3-5 d before challenge with a potentially lethal intramuscularly induced infection of MW was protective, the protective effect varying between phage propagated on different bacterial strains. PMID- 7042904 TI - Chemotaxis as a factor in interactions between HeLa cells and Salmonella typhimurium. AB - HeLa cells damaged by exposure to low pH released a diffusible attractant which greatly increased the collision frequency and hence the attachment of chemotactic Salmonella typhimurium. The attractant was tentatively identified as glycine. In contrast, when undamaged HeLa cells were used, no difference was found between a chemotactic parent strain and a non-chemotactic mutant in collision frequency or attachment. It is suggested that factors increasing cell membrane permeability could attract S. typhimurium to host cells in vivo. PMID- 7042905 TI - Preliminary studies of the metabolic activity of purified suspensions of Mycobacterium leprae. AB - Mycobacterium leprae isolated from armadillo tissue incorporated radioactivity from D-(14C)glucose and (14C)protein hydrolysate. In the presence of glucose, the rate of incorporation of (14C)protein hydrolysate was increased. Uptake of glucose was inhibited by 2-deoxy-D-glucose and sodium azide; that of the amino acids was inhibited by puromycin and chloramphenicol and, weakly, by cycloheximide. PMID- 7042906 TI - Inhibition of K99 antigen synthesis by L-alanine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. AB - The effect of various culture media on K99 antigen production by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains of bovine origin was investigated by slide agglutination tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and in vitro attachment to intestinal villi. A-Alanine at concentrations higher than 0.7 g 1(-1) was responsible for the inhibition of K99 synthesis observed on media rich in amino acids. The increased inhibitory activity of L-alanine in glucose-rich media after autoclaving suggested the formation of inhibitory products via Maillard's reaction. Of various L-alanine derivatives tested, only those that hydrolysed to L-alanine were inhibitory. L-Alanine analogues were without effect and the addition of 10 mM-cyclic AMP did not overcome the repression of K99 biosynthesis by L-alanine. Enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis such as L-alanine racemase or D-alanyl-D-alanine synthetase were evidently were evidently unaffected by L alanine. PMID- 7042907 TI - Molecular and genetic properties of plasmid R485 conferring resistance to sulphonamides. PMID- 7042908 TI - Polyamine transport in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - The uptake of putrescine, spermidine and spermine was studied in Aspergillus nidulans using 14C-labelled polyamines. Active transport systems, inhibited by azide and regulated by nitrogen availability, exist at least for putrescine and spermidine. Putrescine is taken up two to three times more rapidly than spermidine, reflecting a lower Km for the former substrate. The two uptake systems appear to be independent, spermidine uptake being inhibited by both putrescine and spermine, while putrescine uptake is not inhibited by the other two polyamines. The relationships of these transport systems to the tenfold or greater difference between spermidine and putrescine concentrations required to support growth of the putrescine auxotroph are discussed. PMID- 7042909 TI - Purification and properties of histidinol dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli B. AB - Histidinol dehydrogenase has been purified from a derepressed mutant of Escherichia coli B. A molecular weight of about 91,000 was estimated by gel filtration. The native enzyme seems to be composed of two similar subunits which have a molecular weight of 52,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The pI of the enzyme as determined by isoelectric focusing is 4.75. The enzyme is maximally active at pH 9.5. It is highly specific for NAD+ and histidinol, with a Km (NAD+) of 0.57 mM and a Km (histidinol) of 14 microM. Mn2+ is required for maximal activity. The enzyme is completely inactivated by 8 M-urea but regains its activity very quickly upon removal of the urea. Mn2+ and histidinol protect the enzyme from heat inactivation. PMID- 7042910 TI - A mutant inducible for galactitol utilization in Escherichia coli K12. AB - Galactitol-positive strains of Escherichia coli K12 are inhibited by the galactitol analogues L-fucitol and 2-deoxy-D-galactitol, but not by D-fucitol; Salmonella typhimurium LT2 is not inhibited by these compounds. Most mutants selected as resistant to either toxic compound are unable to utilize galactitol as carbon source, but a relatively rare class is inducible for the Enzyme II of the galactitol:phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system, the product of which is D-galactitol 6-phosphate. The lesion in one such mutant maps near metG at about min 45 on the E. coli genome. PMID- 7042911 TI - Analysis of proteins induced by the Salmonella typhimurium Phage P221, a hybrid between serologically and morphologically unrelated phages P22 and Fels 1. PMID- 7042912 TI - Changes in serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity during cold pressor test in subjects with high and low basal activity of this enzyme. AB - Twenty-seven healthy subjects, eight with high levels, eight with low levels and eleven with intermediate levels of serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity, were investigated. Serum DBH activity and blood pressure were measured in their response to the cold pressure test (CPT). Plasma renin activity (PRA) was also estimated. Blood pressure, systolic and dyastolic, increased equally in the three groups. PRA did not change significantly throughout the test in any of the groups. Serum DBH activity increased significantly in the group with low initial levels. No significant changes were seen in the controls and in the group with high initial serum DBH activity. It is suggested that subjects with high basal serum DBH activity might have a genetically-determined high sympathetic tone and therefore would hardly respond to a mild stress like CPT; the opposite might be true for the subjects with low basal DBH activity levels. PMID- 7042913 TI - Norepinephrine metabolism in man using deuterium labeling: turnover 4-hydroxy-3 methoxymandelic acid. AB - 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (HMMA; VMA) labeled with three deuterium atoms was used to study the turnover and fate of HMMA following intravenous injection. Five healthy men were given a pulse dose of 5.0 mumol of labeled HMMA. Plasma and urinary levels of both endogenous and labeled HMMA were subsequently followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using selected ion detection. The kinetic parameters were determined both with and without compensation for the pool expansion caused by the injection of labeled HMMA. The urinary recovery of labeled HMMA was 85 +/- 10% (mean +/- SD). No conversion of HMMA to 4-hydroxy-3 methoxyphenyl glycol (HMPG) occurred. The biological half-life of HMMA was 0.54 +/- 0.22 h. The apparent volume of distribution was 0.36 +/- 0.11 L/kg. The production rate or body turnover was 1.27 +/- 0.51 mumol HMMA/h and urinary excretion rate was 0.82 +/- 0.22 mumol/h. These results show that HMMA is turnover over rapidly in a relatively small volume of distribution and that, unlike HMPG, it is an end metabolite of norepinephrine in man. PMID- 7042914 TI - Identification of a cholinergic-specific antigen Chol-1 as a ganglioside. AB - An antiserum specific for cholinergic terminals was used to identify an antigen conserved between Elasmobranchs and mammals. Immunohistochemistry and a cytotoxicity test were used to assay the binding of antibody to mammalian terminals. Torpedo electric organ gangliosides totally abolished antibody binding. The highest inhibitory activity was associated with a single polysialoganglioside band on TLC plates. Neuraminidase altered the migration of the inhibitory activity on TLC plates. Antibody binding was inhibited by ganglioside fractions derived from chicken and mammalian brains. A summary of those tissues in which the antigen has been detected is presented. The possible function of the antigen is discussed. PMID- 7042916 TI - Roster of members. 1982. Nebraska Dental Association. PMID- 7042915 TI - Differential labeling of depot and active acetylcholine pools in nondepolarized and potassium-depolarized rat brain synaptosomes. AB - To test the hypothesis that a pool of newly synthesized acetylcholine (ACh) turns over independently of performed ACh, compartmentation and K+-evoked release of ACh were examined in perfused synaptosomal beds intermittently stimulated by 50 mM K+. In resting synaptosomes, endogenous and labeled ACh was distributed between synaptic vesicles and the cytoplasm in a dynamic equilibrium ratio of 4:6. In the absence of new ACh synthesis, five sequential K+-depolarizations caused a decremental release of performed labeled ACh totaling 30% of the initial transmitter store. Further depolarization evoked little additional release, despite the fact that 60% of the labeled ACh remained in these preparations. Release of the performed [14C]ACh was unaltered while new ACh was being synthesized from exogenous [3H]choline. Since the evoke release of [3H]ACh was maintained while that of [14C]ACh was decreasing, the [3H]ACh/[14C]ACh ratio in perfusate increased with each successive depolarization. This ratio was six to ten times higher than the corresponding ratio in vesicles or cytoplasm. These results indicate that the newly synthesized ACh did not equilibrate with either the depot vesicular or cytoplasmic ACh pools prior to release. PMID- 7042917 TI - Tactile hallucinations: conceptual and historical aspects. AB - A brief historical analysis of the general concept of hallucination is presented and the suggestion is made that it emerged as the unwarranted generalisation of a perceptual model that was meant to apply only to vision and the "distance senses". Against this background the evolution of tactile hallucinations is considered and its interaction with 19th century psychological theory explored. It is concluded that tactile hallucinations are sui generis phenomena which do not fit the conventional model and whose clinical identification rests on criteria so far unclear. A brief review of their taxonomy and diagnostic usefulness is presented. Some wider implications are drawn which should be relevant to the general concept of hallucination. PMID- 7042918 TI - Agarose isoelectric focusing of unconcentrated CSF and radioimmunofixation for detection of oligoclonal bands in patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. AB - Agarose isoelectric focusing (AIEF) of concentrated CSF was compared with AIEF of unconcentrated CSF and subsequent immunofixation with radiolabeled antihuman IgG Fc Fragment antiserum and autoradiography for the demonstration of oligoclonal bands in CSF from 287 neurological patients. Oligoclonal bands were demonstrated by AIEF in 98% of 43 patients with multiple sclerosis, 72% of 18 patients with infectious CNS diseases, and 23% of 226 patients with other neurological diseases. The corresponding figures obtained with AIEF of unconcentrated CSF and radioimmunofixation were 98%, 67% and 21%, respectively. In 15 of the patients, oligoclonal bands were demonstrated in CSF and serum by both techniques. They are both useful alternatives for the demonstration of oligoclonal bands in CSF, and the method for unconcentrated CSF can be safely applied when only small CSF volumes are available. The oligoclonal IgG pattern obtained by AIEF was not influenced by concentration of CSF by ultrafiltration and subsequent dilution to the original IgG concentration, nor by storage for 6 months. PMID- 7042920 TI - In memoriam: James W. Kernohan, M.D. (1896-1981). PMID- 7042919 TI - Intrasellar neural-adenohypophyseal choristoma. A morphological and immunocytochemical study. AB - A patient with mild acromegaly had recurrence of symptoms and signs of a chiasmal area lesion seventeen years after radiation therapy for a presumed pituitary adenoma. A mass was found anterior to the pituitary gland. Abnormal tissue removed from the sphenoid sinus and sella turcica consisted of a predominantly ganglion-cell lesion. A few ganglion cells were immunoreactive for somatostatin. There were some small cysts lined by cells with immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein, growth hormone or prolactin. Some cells with vacuoles and eosinophilic granules showed immunostaining for growth hormone, prolactin, ACTH, and beta-endorphin and, thus, appeared to be of adenohypophyseal origin. Cases of intrasellar ganglion-cell lesions have been reported, most of them associated with pituitary adenomas and acromegaly. The findings in this case are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that displaced, hypothalamic-type ganglion cells may produce a growth hormone-releasing factor that stimulates the development of a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. An alternative hypothesis is suggested that includes this concept, but also allows for the influence of non-neuronal cells on neuronal differentiation and for the possible influence of adenohypophyseal hormones on the replication of hypothalamic-type neurons in the lesion. PMID- 7042923 TI - Intracellular pH and proliferation in yeast, Tetrahymena and sea urchin eggs. PMID- 7042921 TI - The use of fluorescent amines for the measurement of pHi: applications in liposomes, gastric microsomes, and sea urchin gametes. PMID- 7042922 TI - An optical technique for measurement of intracellular pH in single living cells. PMID- 7042924 TI - The relation between intracellular pH and DNA synthesis rate in proliferating lymphocytes. PMID- 7042925 TI - The role of intracellular pH in insulin action. PMID- 7042927 TI - Intracellular pH measured by NMR: methods and results. PMID- 7042926 TI - The role of intracellular pH in the control of normal and ischemic myocardial contractility: a 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry study. PMID- 7042928 TI - Monoclonal antibodies selective for the inner portion of the chick retina. AB - Five monoclonal antibodies were selected by immunizing mice with embryonic chick optic nerve and screening the resultant hybridoma antibodies by immunofluorescence on sections of the retina. The optic nerve was chosen as the immunizing tissue since it is presumably enriched in ganglion cell-specific antigens. These antibodies bind to antigens which are largely localized to the inner part of the retina. Two of the antibodies, RET1 and RET2, show highly selective binding to the optic fiber layer. Another, RET3, stains the optic fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, and inner plexiform layer. Antibody RET4 stains the optic fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, and the inner one half of the inner nuclear layer; this antibody binds to an antigen on or associated with the plasma membrane. Antibody RET5 stains the retinal ganglion cell layer faintly and the inner and outer plexiform layers strongly. The potential utility of these antibodies for future studies on retinal development is discussed. PMID- 7042929 TI - Anterior acid etch bridge. PMID- 7042930 TI - Pre-prosthetic conditioning for the immediate denture patient. The acrylic training palate. PMID- 7042932 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. PMID- 7042934 TI - Hevesy Nuclear Medicine Pioneer Lecture: William H. Beierwaltes. PMID- 7042933 TI - Clinical comparison of Tc-99m N,N'-bis(mercaptoacetamido)ethylenediamine and [131I]ortho-iodohippurate for evaluation of renal tubular function: concise communication. AB - Recent experiments in normal animals have shown that Tc-99m N,N' bis(mercaptoacetamido)ethylenediamine (Tc-99m DADS) is a potential technetium-99m labeled replacement for [131I]ortho-iodohippurate(I-131 Hipp). We compared the two agents in eleven patients with renal transplants (serum creatinine range: 0.9 -5.7 mg/dl). Digital and analog images were recorded for 30 min and after voiding. The results indicate that the relative extraction efficiency index of Tc 99m DADS is 76% +/- 3 (mean +/- s.e.m.), that the leading-edge parenchymal transit time of Tc-99m DADS is 137% +/- 6, and that the percentage of injected Tc 99m DADS in the bladder at 30 min is 25% +/- 4 of that of I-131 Hipp (all p less than 0.05). Forty percent of patients showed some hepatobiliary excretion of Tc 99m DADS. We conclude that the biologic properties of Tc-99m DADS are inferior to those of I-131 Hipp and that analogs of Tc-99m DADS should be evaluated in an attempt to find a more suitable technetium-99m-labeled replacement for I-131 Hipp. PMID- 7042931 TI - Stereotaxic rostral mesencephalotomy in treatment of malignant faciothoracobrachial pain syndromes. A survey of 14 treated patients. AB - Stereotaxic rostral mesencephalotomy was performed 19 times in 14 patients suffering from intractable pain syndromes due to malignant diseases. The satisfying results in terms of pain relief during a necessarily short follow-up period (mean 4.9 months) are outlined. Undesired side effects were mainly confined to oculomotor disorders, which partly subsided over the months following the operation. Some technical aspects of the procedure and the pertinent literature are briefly discussed. PMID- 7042935 TI - Monitoring of cardiac antirejection therapy with In-111 lymphocytes. AB - To determine whether lymphocytes labeled with indium-111 permit noninvasive assessment of antirejection therapy, we performed 40 allogeneic heterotopic cardiac transplants in rats. Antirejection therapy with azathioprine (30 mg/kg) and sodium salicylate (200 mg/kg) prolonged contractile function of the graft from 7.5 +/- 1.5 (s.d.) days in controls to 19.4 +/- 3.7 days in treated animals. Six to seven days after transplantation, autologous lymphocytes labeled with In 111 were injected intravenously in seven untreated and eight treated rats. Scintigraphy and organ counting were performed 24 hr after administration of labeled cells. At sacrifice all grafts in untreated rats exhibited contractile failure, whereas grafts in all treated rats were beating well. Transplants in untreated recipients exhibited marked accumulation of In-111 lymphocytes detectable scintigraphically, with ratios of 7.7 +/- 1.9 for the activity in the transplant over that in the native heart (HT/HO), as obtained by well counting. In contrast, accumulation was not scintigraphically detectable in transplants of treated rats, with HT/HO ratios of 2.6 +/- 1.8 (p less than 0.005). The results suggested that imaging with in-111-labeled lymphocytes will permit noninvasive assessment of antirejection therapy. PMID- 7042937 TI - Simplifying custom tray construction for complete dentures. PMID- 7042936 TI - Role of insulin in food intake, weight gain and lipid deposition in the Zucker obese rat. AB - The role of insulin status in the development of obesity in Zucker rats was determined by equalization of available insulin. When streptozotocin-induced diabetic obese and lean rats received the same level of exogenous insulin, body weight gain and food intake per body weight were equalized. These types of observations are usually interpreted as proof for a role of insulin in genetically induced obesity. However, a more definitive examination of the composition of gain showed that the obese rat was still gaining significantly more lipid than the lean rat in spite of the equalization of available insulin. Further examination of liver enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis indicated that increased heptic lipogenesis was not dependent on hyperinsulinemia. Protein gain in lean and obese rats was not significantly different. This study demonstrates that excessive weight gain and food intake of genetically obese rats is dependent on the differences in insulin status between lean and obese rats. The partitioning of more dietary energy toward lipid in the obese rat is independent of both food intake and insulin. PMID- 7042938 TI - Long-term results of subperiosteal implants combined with cancellous bone grafts. AB - Twenty-three subperiosteal implants combined with cancellous bone grafts were done at the University of Washington over a four-year period. A modification of the original technique as used with 19 of the patients is described, as well as the follow-up evaluation. The greatest problem occurred at the mucosal-metal junction, resulting in multiple infections and some failures. This technique appears to be comparable with simple subperiosteal implant but not significantly better. PMID- 7042939 TI - Mandibular interpositional and onlay bone grafting for treatment of mandibular bony deficiency in the edentulous patient. AB - The development of interpositional and onlay bone grafting techniques for atrophic mandibles is reviewed. A further modification of the visor osteotomy is presented along with follow-up evaluation of the conditions of 16 patients. Results of radiographic measurements show the procedure to be stable, vertical resorption of the augmented mandible in the body regions being 11.2% over a mean follow-up of 8.8 months. Neurosensory evaluation showed altered sensation and dysesthesia as a significant problem in these patients. The results are presented and discussed. PMID- 7042940 TI - Surgical correction of the dentofacial abnormality in Hallermann-Streiff syndrome. PMID- 7042941 TI - Simultaneous inferior alveolar nerve graft and osseous reconstruction of the mandible. PMID- 7042943 TI - The distribution of immunoglobulin and other plasma proteins in human reactive lymph nodes. PMID- 7042942 TI - The mesothelium: its fibrinolytic properties. AB - We have investigated the fibrinolytic properties of the mesothelium by developing a test system in which standard tissue samples can be assessed in a comparative and semi-quantitative manner. The problem whether plasminogen activators were generated by the mesothelium itself or were transported from a subserosal site was also studied. A standard system was developed by using a uniform gelatin disc to obtain a monolayer imprint of mesothelium and subsequently incorporating several of these samples on a fibrin plate. Pure cultures of mesothelial cells were able to induce fibrinolysis. PMID- 7042945 TI - Acceptance of the Henry Baldwin Ward Medal. PMID- 7042944 TI - Presidential address. Parasites can never do only one thing. PMID- 7042946 TI - Inhibition of antibody-binding as a radioimmunoassay for Plasmodium berghei infection in rats. AB - Sonicated red blood cells of rats infected with Plasmodium berghei (Pb) were used to coat plastic tubes, which were subsequently tested for capacity to bind anti P, berghei antibodies. Binding was detected using radioiodinated Staphylococcus Protein A. Two antigenic preparations were used to make the solid-phase adsorbent (and also as inhibitors in the inhibition tests): sonicated red blood cells (SIRC), and a supernate of frozen-thawed, infected red blood cells (FTE). Treatment of the antigen-coated tubes with sera of immunized rats or by rabbits resulted in binding of antibodies to the tubes. The specificity of the binding was confirmed by inhibition tests. Preparations derived from infected blood but not from normal blood inhibited the binding of the anti-Pb antibodies. Using the inhibition tests, an infection corresponding to 0.00005% parasitemia could be detected. The sensitivity was higher when SIRC rather than FTE was used as antigen. The sensitivity of the inhibition test for the detection of parasites in the blood greatly surpassed that of the standard microscopical procedure. Parasites were demonstrated in blood samples 2 days after infection, 5 days before a microscopic diagnosis was positive. Repeated assays conducted with the same batch of reagents showed that the test was remarkable reproducible. PMID- 7042947 TI - Immunogenic antigens common to Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium falciparum are expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes. AB - Sera of Gambian individuals and rhesus monkeys immune against infections with Plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium knowlesi, respectively, were reacted with triton X-100-solubilized membranes of infected erythrocytes. Indirect immune precipitation with Staphylococcus aureus, Cowan strain A, followed by dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were used to identify interspecies plasmodial antigens that were immunogenic in vivo. Both types of sera specifically precipitated Plasmodium-specific antigens with Mrs of 125,000, 90,000, and 65,000 to 50,000 from membranes of P. knowlesi-infected erythrocytes that had been labeled with 125I using the lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination or metabolically with 14C-amino acids. In addition, P. falciparum inhibited the precipitation of P. knowlesi antigens by the Gambian immune sera. Our results indicate, that during erythrocytic schizogony, interspecies Plasmodium antigens are exposed on the surfaces of infected erythrocytes. PMID- 7042948 TI - Knobs on the surface of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum: visualization by video-enhanced, differential interference contrast microscopy. PMID- 7042949 TI - Infectivity of in vitro-formed Plasmodium berghei ookinetes to mosquitoes. PMID- 7042950 TI - Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mouse red blood cells infected with Plasmodium berghei. PMID- 7042951 TI - Evaluation of an automated system for rapid identification of Bacillus biological indicators and other Bacillus species. PMID- 7042953 TI - A tailgut duplication. PMID- 7042952 TI - The repair of congenital and acquired skull defects in childhood. AB - Methylmethacrylate (sulfix-6 and palakos) are very useful materials for the closure of skull defects. The age of the patient and the time of operation are of secondary importance. These substances have the lowest complication rate, can be easily handled and produce a cosmetically satisfactory result. Rib transplants have in our hand not been associated with any complications, but they are cosmetically not always satisfactory as palpable spaces between the ribs remain and the postoperative wearing of a protective helmet is advisable. The use of the patient's own piece of skull or the external lamina are less satisfactory because there is always a tendency of absorption. Nevertheless, it should be used as a primary measure. In all the operations, meticulous sterility is mandatory and a sufficiently large and viable flap of scalp and galea must be used. In children with encephaloceles, cerebral spinal fluid fistulae have to be closed completely watertight. This can only be achieved by a multiple layer closure of the soft tissues; fibrin seal has been found to be especially useful in this operation. PMID- 7042954 TI - The effects of immunosuppressive drugs on periodontal inflammation in human renal allograft patients. AB - The periodontal status of four kidney allograft patients was determined before and at periodic intervals for 9 months after receipt of the allografts. These patients received immunosuppressive drugs as part of their therapy, beginning at the time of transplantation. Three hemodialysis patients with analogous kidney disease and six eye patients who were otherwise healthy served as controls. Comparisons of plaque levels, pocket depths and gingival inflammation were made between the three groups of subjects. The results suggest that the administration of the immunosuppressive drugs significantly reduces the level of gingival inflammation in the presence of high levels of bacterial plaque. Pocket depths did not change significantly in eigher the allograft or control groups. Whole not conclusive, the findings support the hypothesis that host inflammatory and immunological responsiveness to plaque bacteria is a primary factor in the pathogenesis of destructive periodontal disease in humans. PMID- 7042955 TI - Different hemodynamic response after acute diuresis in the normotensive and hypertensive state. AB - Acute diuresis is considered to alter the hemodynamic responses in the hypertensive state by reducing cardiac preload, mainly due to venodilation. To investigate the magnitude of this event, normotensive and two kidney-one clip hypertensive rats have been subjected to similar plasma volume restrictions by i.v. injection of 0.5 ml of furosemide (1 mg/100 g b.wt.). Two other groups of normotensive and hypertensive rats were subjected to 0.5 ml of 5% dextrose solution injection and served as controls. Mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate did not change after furosemide injection in either the normotensive or the renovascular hypertensive group. Alternatively, cardiac output of the hypertensive rats receiving furosemide injection was significantly lower by 39.9% and total peripheral resistance was significantly higher by 48.4% when compared to hypertensive rats receiving dextrose solution injection, whereas there was no difference concerning these indices in normotensive rats after the same interventions. Due to redistribution of regional blood flow, the coronary, cerebral and renal circulations of the hypertensive rats after furosemide injection have been protected. It is concluded that i.v. injection of furosemide, by decreasing cardiac preload, mainly due to venodilation, reduces cardiac output of renin-dependent hypertensive animals, whereas mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate remain unaltered. Redistribution of blood flow to vital organs prevented a further deterioration of the cardiovascular system. PMID- 7042956 TI - Effect of adenosine and phosphated derivatives on insulin release from the newborn dog pancreas. AB - The effects of four adenine derivatives at the same concentration (16.5 micromol/l) were studied on the insulin secretion from the isolated, perfused, newborn dog pancreas. 1. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induced an immediate and considerable insulin secretion which persisted during the 30 min administration period. When these adenine derivatives were withdrawn, the insulin secretion rapidly decreased, however it remained higher than the starting value. 2. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine elicited and increase of insulin secretion which was much less than that induced by ATP and ADP. This secretion did not decrease after stopping AMP and adenosine. 3. Thus, the four adenine derivatives may be divided into two groups in regard to their insulin secretory action: ATP and ADP on one hand, and AMP and adenosine on the other. The relative order of agonist potency ATP greater than or equal to ADP greater than AMP greater than or equal to adenosine is the same as that described by BURNSTOCK for P2 purinoceptors. These purinergic receptors on the B cell membrane seem to be involved in the regulation of insulin secretion. PMID- 7042957 TI - [Glucose metabolic clearance during acute cold exposure. Effects of insulin and glucagon (author's transl)]. AB - The glucose metabolic clearance (CMG) was measured by using tritiated glucose in dogs either resting at neutral ambient temperature (TaN = + 25 degrees C) or shivering in the cold (TaC = 21 degrees C). Between two control periods, insulin and/or glucagon deficiencies were provoked by jugular somatostatin infusion without or with portal insulin (glucagon deficiency) or glucagon infusion (insulin deficiency). It was observed that: (1) In absence of hormonal deficiency, CMG was about twice as high at TaC as at TaN; (2) A simultaneous insulin and glucagon deficiency decreased CMG only at TaC; (3) Both at TaN and TaC, the CMG was either decreased or increased by insulin or glucagon deficiency respectively; (4) The magnitude (16-30%) of the hormonal-induced variations were small by comparison with the increase induced by the lowering of the ambient temperature. PMID- 7042959 TI - [Cecile Mialhe-Voloss (1917-1979)]. PMID- 7042958 TI - [Plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone (PA) during submaximal exercise. Effect of training (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of training on PRA, PA, hematocrit and weight loss was studied at rest and following an exercise performed until exhaustion. Two groups of subjects were used, the first, a group of 4 young well trained men (88.6% +/- 7.7 V02 max) and the second a group of 4 young untrained men (77.5% +/- 7 V02 max). PRA and PA displayed highly significant increases after exercise in both groups, but PRA resting values were lower in the well trained subjects (p less than 0.05). PRA values were also lower in the latter group after exercise, but the difference in this case was not significant. Further, the variation of hematocrit was less (p less than 0.05) and the weight loss greater in the well trained subjects. In an additional experiment, the same parameters were studied in four subjects submitted to a five month training programme (87% V02 max). Though resting values for PA remained unchanged after training, PRA resting values and PRA post exercise values were significantly lower. A comparison between the magnitude of weight loss and hematocrit variation showed that when untrained subjects became trained, the variation of hematocrit was smaller (p less than 0.05) while weight loss was larger (p less than 0.01). These observations could be explained in terms of the change in blood volume, and/or a decrease in sympathetic nervous activity induced by training. PMID- 7042960 TI - [Measurement of Ca++ transients in muscle cells with aequorin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7042961 TI - Antihypertensive agents: a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor: captopril. PMID- 7042962 TI - Home blood glucose levels, glycosylated haemoglobin and serum C-peptide levels in diabetics receiving different insulin regimens. PMID- 7042963 TI - The waters of Epsom Spa. PMID- 7042964 TI - Cytochemical studies of uterine and trophoblastic surface coats during blastocyst attachment in the ewe. AB - A glycoprotein coat was demonstrated on the outer surface of both the uterine and trophoblastic cells using ruthenium red, cationized ferritin, concanavalin A peroxidase and phosphotungstic acid in HCl. No changes were observed on the uterine epithelial surface of cyclic or pregnant animals before or during blastocyst attachment (Day 15). However, the cytochemical reactions were different on the trophoblastic cells of blastocysts at Days 13 and 15, the ruthenium red and cationized ferritin sites of reaction and the concanavalin A receptors being more homogeneously distributed on the outer surface of Day-15 trophoblast. The phosphotungstic acid staining demonstrated a glycoprotein substance between the trophoblast and the uterine epithelium in adhesion areas by Day 18. The results suggest that biochemical changes occur in the composition or distribution of the trophoblastic cell coat during the process of blastocyst attachment in the ewe. PMID- 7042965 TI - Reactions of antisera to HCG with living human spermatozoa. AB - Antisera to hCG were incubated with living human spermatozoa. Agglutination and complement-dependent immobilization of the spermatozoa occurred with the anti-hCG sera but not with control sera. The antisera also reacted with human blood cells. The anti-sperm activities were largely removed by absorbing the sera with human blood cells, although these absorptions had no apparent effect on the anti-hCG activities measured by passive haemagglutination. There was, therefore, little evidence for the presence of hCG-like molecules at the surface of living human spermatozoa. PMID- 7042966 TI - The induction of ovulation and luteal function in seasonally anoestrous ewes treated with small-dose multiple injections of Gn-RH. AB - Seasonally anoestrous ewes were injected i.v. with 250, 500 or 1000 ng Gn-RH at 2 h intervals for 8 days (2 sheep/treatment). Each injection of 250 or 500 ng Gn-RH resulted in a transient rise in plasma LH concentrations. Treatment with 1000 ng Gn-RH per injection resulted in a more sustained rise in plasma LH concentrations in 1 of 2 sheep during the early part of the treatment period. A preovulatory type LH peak occurred 17-48 h after the start of treatment in all ewes, with a second preovulatory-type peak 106-133 h later in those ewes receiving 500 or 1000 ng Gn-RH per injection. Ovulation, with subsequent normal luteal function, occurred in all sheep. However, the rise in plasma progesterone concentrations appeared to be delayed in those ewes treated with 500 or 1000 ng Gn-RH compared to ewes treated with 250 ng Gn-RH. These data suggest that the absence of ovulation during seasonal anoestrus is due to an inadequate pattern of episodic LH secretion. PMID- 7042967 TI - Response of seasonally anoestrous ewes to small-dose multiple injections of Gn-RH with and without progesterone pretreatment. AB - Four groups, each of 5 seasonally anoestrous ewes, were treated i.v with small doses (75, 125, 250 or 500 ng) of Gn-RH at 2-h intervals for 48 h. A further 15 ewes received 14 days pretreatment with progesterone and then the 250 ng Gn-RH treatment. Gn-RH injections induced an episodic pattern of LH secretion which differed significantly for the doses of Gn-RH used. A preovulatory LH surge occurred in all but 1 of the ewes during the period of Gn-RH treatment. Ovulation occurred in all 15 ewes pretreated with progesterone and in 19/20 ewes treated with Gn-RH alone. Although normal luteal function occurred in all ewes pretreated with progesterone, it was present in only 5 of the 20 ewes treated with Gn-RH alone. Oestrus, as shown by mating, occurred at a mean time of 34.7 +/- 2.6 h after the start of Gn-RH treatment only in those ewes receiving progesterone pretreatment. These results indicate that progesterone pretreatment has a marked effect on the ability of small doses of Gn-RH to induce ovulation and normal luteal function in seasonally anoestrous ewes. PMID- 7042968 TI - Comparison of in-vitro bioactivity and immunoreactivity of serum LH in normal cyclic and hypogonadal women treated with low doses of LH-RH. AB - The in-vitro test of rat interstitial cell testosterone secretion and a radioimmunoassay (RIA) were used to explore the nature of the LH released in women in response to LH-RH. The ratio of in-vitro bioactivity to immunoreactivity (B:I) calculated for serum samples collected from hypogonadal women using the standard LER-907 for comparison was 13.25 +/- 0.56. This mean ratio was significantly elevated (P less than 0.02) above that found for normal cyclic women, 9.48 +/- 0.49. After one i.v. injection of 10 micrograms LH-RH, 5 hypogonadal and 6 luteal-phase women showed an initial significant drop in the B:I ratio (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.02 respectively) followed by a steady significant rise (P less than 0.03; P less than 0.01 respectively). This drop in the B:I ratio as immunoreactive LH rose and the rise in the B:I ratio as immunoreactive LH fell may be the result of the release of two or more kinds of LH, one or more with a slower in-vivo clearance rate and an increased B:I ratio. PMID- 7042969 TI - A quantitative indirect immunofluorescent assay for zona pellucida antibodies. AB - A dilution series of a standard antiserum, raised in rabbit, against intact porcine oocytes was tested by an indirect immunofluorescent assay under a variety of conditions. Maximal antibody binding was obtained in phosphate-buffered saline with sucrose and sodium azide as a serum diluent and wash buffer, with relatively long incubation and wash periods, and in some cases heat-inactivation of sera. Factors found to influence the antibody binding were: alteration of the zonae by fixation; the presence of sucrose, galactose or glycerol; addition of protein to the buffer; heat inactivation of serum; substitution of phosphate by borate buffer; and replacement of the labelled second antibody by labelled Protein A. Antisera produced against acid- and heat-solubilized zonae differed from the standard antiserum in their binding capacity.l Control sera (anti-porcine spleen, adjuvant injected, and normal) were all completely negative. PMID- 7042970 TI - Zona pellucida antibodies in human sera. AB - A quantitative indirect immunofluorescent assay developed for the measurement of antibodies produced in rabbits against porcine zonae pellucidae was modified and used to detect autoantibodies specific to human zonae pellucidae. An undetermined number of human serum constituents which appear to vary quantitatively between individuals had the capacity to bind non-specifically the porcine zonae used as antigen in this assay. Binding was reduced or eliminated by altering the chemical composition of the assay system until the only positive results were for sera from infertile, sub-fertile and menopausal women. These positive sera were adsorbed with washed porcine blood cells, spleen cells, and liver cells. Each tissue completely removed the positive binding to porcine zonae. The positive sera were also tested against human oocytes with and without porcine tissue adsorption, and no positive fluorescence was detected. It is therefore unlikely that the antibodies in human sera which bind to porcine zonae pellucidae could be a causal factor in infertility in women. PMID- 7042971 TI - Mouse pleural macrophages: characterization and comparison with mouse alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7042972 TI - Effect of T-cells and intestinal bacteria on resistance of mice to candidosis. PMID- 7042973 TI - Osler Oration. PMID- 7042974 TI - State church charity and smallpox: an epidemic crisis in the City of Mexico 1797 98. PMID- 7042975 TI - Rhipicephalus appendiculatus: cause and vector of diseases in Africa. AB - Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neum. occurs mainly in the eastern and southern parts of Africa and is the principal cause and vector of some very important stock diseases in these areas. The diseases include the theilerioses, brown tick toxicosis and Nairobi sheep disease. These are briefly discussed, and emphasis is laid on the role of R. appendiculatus in their epidemiology. R. appendiculatus is a 3-host tick particularly well adapted to survive where climate and vegetation are suitable. The basic requirements and breeding potential of this tick are also discussed. PMID- 7042976 TI - Fabricating the immediate insertion maxillectomy prosthesis for dentate patients. PMID- 7042977 TI - Early developments in sports medicine. PMID- 7042978 TI - A common mechanism for repair of O6-methylguanine and O6-ethylguanine in DNA. PMID- 7042979 TI - Preliminary X-ray diffraction studies on the hemoprotein subunit of Escherichia coli sulfite reductase. PMID- 7042980 TI - Isolation of mutant promoters in the Escherichia coli galactose operon using local mutagenesis on cloned DNA fragments. PMID- 7042981 TI - Genetic and physiological studies of the role of the RNA ligase of bacteriophage T4. PMID- 7042982 TI - A single gene coding for resistance to both fusidic acid and chloramphenicol. PMID- 7042983 TI - Autogenous regulation by the bacteriophage P22 arc gene product. PMID- 7042984 TI - Processing of bacteriophage T4 transfer RNAs. Structural analysis and in vitro processing of precursors that accumulate in RNase E-strains. PMID- 7042985 TI - Binding of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme to bacteriophage T7 DNA. Measurements of binding at bacteriophage T7 promoter A1 using a template competition assay. PMID- 7042986 TI - Binding of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme to bacteriophage T7 DNA. Measurements of the rate of open complex formation at T7 promoter A. PMID- 7042987 TI - Crystal structure of Escherichia coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase at 2.5 A resolution. PMID- 7042988 TI - Coupling of homotropic and heterotropic interactions in Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase. PMID- 7042990 TI - Genotoxic activity of five antidepressant hydrazines in a battery of in vivo and in vitro short-term tests. AB - Five antidepressant agents (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) having a hydrazino group--phenelzine, nialamide, mebanazine, isocarboxazid, and iproniazid--were assayed in four in vivo or in vitro short-term tests predictive of the potential carcinogenicity of chemicals. (1) All the compounds tested except iproniazid, produced DNA fragmentation, as evaluated by the alkaline elution technique, in liver and/or lung cells of mice treated ip or po. (2) All the compounds except mebanazine (which was no longer available for testing) were weak inducers of sister chromatid exchanges in bone marrow cells of mice treated ip. (3) Phenelzine and nialamide elicited base-pair substitutions and mebanazine elicited frameshift errors in his- Salmonella typhimurium. S9 mix containing rat liver, mouse liver, or mouse lung S9 fractions had variable effects on mutagenicity. (4) The same three compounds were positive in a DNA repair bacterial test with five trp- Escherichia coli strains lacking a variety of repair mechanisms (uvrA, polA, recA, lexA) or incorporating plasmids (R391). PMID- 7042991 TI - The incidence of bacteremia following burn wound excision. PMID- 7042989 TI - Nucleotide sequence of trpE of Salmonella typhimurium and its homology with the corresponding sequence of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7042992 TI - Pulmonary dysfunction in sepsis: is pulmonary edema the culprit? AB - Pulmonary dysfunction is a well-recognized sequela of sepsis, which has been quantitated by calculation of intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) and, more recently, by measurement of extravascular lung water (EVLW). We sought to demonstrate the relationship between Qs/Qt and EVLW in sepsis. Nine pigs were given live E. coli infusions and five control pigs received only crystalloid. Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), arterial blood gases (ABG), and mixed venous blood gas levels were measured serially and Qs/QT calculated. EVLW was measured simultaneously using the thermal-green dye technique. The septic group showed increases from baseline in PAP (2.4 X), EVLW (2x), and Qs/Qt (1.6x). Regression analysis of Qs/Qt or EVLW yielded a correlation coefficient of r = 0.48. We concluded that while sepsis can result in both increased EVLW and Qs/Qt, the correlation is not sufficiently strong to account for the increased Qs/Qt on the basis of elevated EVLW alone. The possible relationships of arterial hypoxemia and pulmonary edema, ventilation-perfusion mismatch, and alterations in the normal hypoxic vasoconstrictive response in sepsis are considered. PMID- 7042993 TI - Nonunion of the carpal scaphoid: the Russe procedure. AB - Symptomatic carpal scaphoid nonunion was treated by the volar bone graft technique described by Russe in 31 patients reviewed. The technique was successful in attaining union in 27 wrists; nonunion persisted in 4 wrists. The presence of n unstable nonunion did not seem to affect the end result if the small necrotic proximal pole fracture is excluded. Obviously this last fracture should be treated by other methods. PMID- 7042994 TI - Interventional radiology in trauma victims: analysis of 51 consecutive patients. AB - Injured patients whose treatment included the use of radiologic catheter techniques were reviewed to determine the clinical utility of radiologic intervention. In the past 4 years, 51 patients have undergone 53 radiologic procedures, predominantly angiographic hemostasis. Thirty-eight of 45 sites of hemorrhage from the neck, abdomen, pelvis, and extremities were successfully controlled. Nine of 11 abscesses were adequately drained and definitively treated by percutaneous methods. Twenty-eight of the 31 patients with shock or with life threatening hemorrhage or sepsis, treated by the radiologist, were salvaged. Based on our results, we believe that a radiologist, knowledgeable about trauma and expert in catheter techniques, plays a vital role in improving patient survival and should be integrated into the trauma team approach. PMID- 7042995 TI - Factors affecting the outcome of exteriorized colon repairs. AB - Of 32 penetrating colon injuries managed by repair and exteriorization during the past 5 years in 16 (50%) of the exteriorized repairs healed and 16 failed, being converted to colostomies. The overall morbidity was 25%, 19% for the healed anastomoses and 31% for those that failed. The two groups were similar with respect to age, location of injury, presence of shock, presence of associated injuries, and degree of fecal contamination. Significant differences were evident in the mechanism of trauma and the severity of tissue damage. Exteriorization of colon suture lines is a viable alternative in the management of penetrating colon injury. It should be employed primarily in cases where factors other than the tissue injury itself prohibit primary repair. The success of exteriorization can be improved by giving attention to technical details: adequate debridement; wide mobilization; keeping the repair moist; delaying return of the colon until the tenth postoperative day. PMID- 7042996 TI - The effect of splenectomy on gram-negative bacteremia. AB - Both clinical and laboratory studies have demonstrated an increased risk of fatal sepsis after splenectomy. The importance of the spleen in clearing a bacterial challenge from pneumococci or other encapsulated organisms is now well accepted. The role of the spleen in handling a bacteremia due to nonencapsulated (Gram negative) organisms is not well established. Rats were subjected to either sham operation or splenectomy. Two weeks after surgery, all animals received 10(6) E. coli by intraperitoneal injection. Tail vein blood samples for quantitative culture were obtained at multiple time intervals after the bacterial challenge. All animals developed a bacteremia. Initially, the mean bloodstream bacterial counts were comparable in the sham and splenectomy groups. Sham-operated rats cleared all bacteria from the bloodstream within 240 minutes. In contrast, 240 minutes after bacterial injection, E. coli could still be recovered from the blood of asplenic rats at levels comparable to those noted at the start of the experiment. The present study shows that splenectomy does impair the animal's ability to clear a Gram-negative bacteremia. PMID- 7042997 TI - Early excision of full-thickness hand and digit burns: factors affecting morbidity. AB - Full-thickness dorsal hand and digit burns result in serious acute and chronic functional disability. Early wound closure is paramount to minimize functional impairment and improve ultimate cosmetic appearance. Fifty patients were followed for 2 to 6 years after excision and immediate autografting of full-thickness hand and digit burns. Based on the depth of injury distal to the metacarpal phalangeal joints, two groups of hand burns emerged in this series. Group I: Patients had uninjured and intact extensor mechanisms. Near normal range of motion was obtained by the end of the second postoperative week. Local wound sepsis and/or inadequate depth of excision resulted in autograft loss and additional surgical procedures in 10% of the hands. Group II: Patients with thermal damage to some portion of the extensor mechanism of the digit. Seventy-five per cent of these hands had thermal damage to bone. An average of three operative procedures was required on each hand for ultimate wound closure. Prolonged immobilization, persistent edema, and local wound sepsis were common to all Group II hands. Reconstructive surgery was necessary within 1 year in 43% of all hands. Hands in Groups I and II required surgery 12% and 75% of cases, respectively. Early surgical excision coupled with aggressive physical and occupational therapy has decreased but not eliminated many of the acute and chronic sequelae of full thickness hand and digit burns. PMID- 7042998 TI - Pathophysiology of furosemide ototoxicity. AB - Furosemide is a very commonly used loop diuretic in current clinical practice. Ototoxicity is a significant side effect which may be transient or permanent. Investigations into the mechanisms of furosemide ototoxicity have used pharmacologic, neurophysiologic, and morphologic methods, but the exact mode of production of ototoxicity is unknown. Aminoglycoside antibiotics potentiate furosemide ototoxicity, but noise trauma apparently does not. Methods of avoiding ototoxicity are suggested including slow continuous infusion rather than bolus injection, use of divided oral dose regimens, and the measurement of blood levels to avoid exceeding 50 mcg/ml of furosemide. If a diuretic response cannot be obtained using the above measures, the substitution of another diuretic such as bumetanide is suggested to maintain the therapeutic response and minimize the ototoxicity. PMID- 7042999 TI - Adsorption of the tailed mycoplasma virus L3 to cell membranes. AB - The adsorption properties of the tailed bacteriophage L3 to Acholeplasma laidlawii cells were studied. Adsorption followed a biphasic curve. Reversibility and virus heterogeneity were not sufficient to explain the break in the adsorption curve. Binding studies showed that each colony-forming unit could bind about 350 virions. The electrostatic nature of L3 adsorption was indicated by the effect of cations, pH, and temperature on the adsorption rate constant. L3 adsorption appeared to have a requirement for Ca2+, which could not be replaced by the mono- and divalent cations examined. Ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid inhibition of adsorption was totally reversed by added Ca2+. The effects of EDTA, proteases, and lectins on absorption indicated that membrane proteins are the L3 receptors. The model for L3 adsorption is a multivalent one involving lateral diffusion of adsorbed virions and receptor proteins. PMID- 7043000 TI - Doyle on tabes dorsalis. PMID- 7043001 TI - Streptococcal wound infections caused by a vaginal carrier. AB - During a four-month period, ten cases of group A streptococcal (GAS) postoperative wound infection occurred among patients in a community hospital. Bacteremia developed in two patients, and one patient died. Group A streptococcal surgical wound infections were associated with exposure to a circulating nurse and duration of surgery. Prophylactic antibiotic reduced the risk of infection. Vaginal, perineal, and anal cultures from nurse A yielded GAS, serotype M-4, T-4, as did the blood of two infected patients. Penicillin eradicated GAS colonization of nurse A, and she returned to work. Five months later, two additional cases of GAS postoperative wound infections occurred and were associated with recolonization of the same nurse with GAS, serotype M-nontypeable, T-12. She was relieved of patient-care duties, and no further cases have occurred. PMID- 7043002 TI - Intravenous metoclopramide. An effective antiemetic in cancer chemotherapy. AB - An open-label clinical trial was conducted to test the safety and efficacy of intravenous metoclopramide monohydrochloride in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Thirty-eight patients received a total of 83 assessable courses of chemotherapy with cisplatin alone or in combination with other cytotoxic agents. In 19 of 38 patients (50%) or 40 of 83 courses (48%), nausea or vomiting did not occur ("total protection") and in six of 38 patients (16%) or 19 of 83 courses (23%), emesis occurred one of two times ("major protection"). Thus, 25 of 38 patients (66%) receiving 59 of 83 courses (71%) of cisplatin-containing chemotherapy attained either total or major antiemetic protection with metoclopramide. In those patients who received multiple courses of chemotherapy, antiemetic protection afforded by metoclopramide remained unabated. At this dosage, the drug was well tolerated with minimal side effects. Intravenous metoclopramide is consistently effective in preventing emesis associated with cisplatin when used either alone or in combination with other cancer chemotherapy agents that are in themselves emetogenic. PMID- 7043003 TI - Osler, "E. Y. D.," and hysteria. PMID- 7043004 TI - Luiz Vaz de Camoes. PMID- 7043005 TI - Dialogue: a link to psychosomatic illness. PMID- 7043006 TI - Differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia. PMID- 7043008 TI - Effects of cimetidine on the elimination and actions of ethanol. AB - The influence of cimetidine hydrochloride (300 mg four times daily for seven days) on plasma ethanol concentrations and the subjective assessment of intoxication after a single oral dose of ethanol (0.8 g/kg) were investigated in a randomized double-blind placebo controlled study in six volunteers. Compared with the placebo, cimetidine produced a small increase in both the peak plasma ethanol level (from 146 +/- 5.2 to 163 +/- 7.6 mg/dL, mean +/- SEM) and th area under the ethanol concentration time curve (from 717 +/- 17 to 771 +/- 44 mg/dLXhr). In addition, using a visual analogue scale, subjects rated themselves more intoxicated at their peak of intoxication while receiving cimetidine. These results suggest that cimetidine has a small effect on the handling of ethanol in humans. PMID- 7043007 TI - Need for corneal donors. PMID- 7043009 TI - Switch to soy protein for boring but healthful diet. PMID- 7043010 TI - And if you add chromium, that's even better. PMID- 7043011 TI - Louis Pasteur Vallery-Radot. PMID- 7043012 TI - Gregorio Maranon. PMID- 7043013 TI - Malathion for treatment of Pediculus humanus var capitis infestation. AB - One hundred fifteen subjects took part in a double-blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of 0.5% malathion lotion (Prioderm lotion) and the alcoholic vehicle of the lotion as pediculicides in the treatment of head lice. The subjects, with a mean age of 9 years, had long-standing lice infestations and at least 20 viable ova. The subjects were treated with the test preparation, which was allowed to remain on the hair for 12 hours. Ovicidal and pediculicidal efficacy for the malathion lotion was significant; overall clinical evaluation by the investigators showed a significant number of moderate to marked therapeutic responses to malathion lotion. Only one adverse reaction (in the malathion lotion group) was reported, the stinging of pyodermal lesions in reaction to the alcoholic vehicle. Other concomitant scalp diseases were unchanged or improved at the end of the study. PMID- 7043014 TI - Controversial practices in allergy. AB - The clinical practice of modern allergy has a sound foundation in a scientific understanding of the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity disorders. However, several practices continue to be regarded as controversial. Controlled studies have failed to establish the effectiveness of intracutaneous or low-level modified radioallergosorbent titration as a guide to immunotherapy. In addition, controlled studies do not support the clinical usefulness of provocative subcutaneous or sublingual testing procedures of the leukocytotoxicity assay for the diagnosis of food allergy. Food additives have not been clearly shown to influence hyperkinesis, and autogenous urine immunotherapy is without supporting evidence of effectiveness and is potentially harmful. Since allergic diseases are common and the economic impact of medical care for these patients is great, it is important for physicians to understand the basis for these procedures and to advise patients accordingly. PMID- 7043015 TI - Effect of insulin on glucose and amino acid uptake by skeletal muscle following burn injury. Studies with 2-deoxyglucose and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid. AB - Basal and insulin-stimulated uptake of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) and alpha aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) by cells of the intact soleus muscle were studied 3 days after a 3-second scald on one hind limb of the rat. Soleus muscles from the burned and unburned limbs of burned rats, as well as from controls, were incubated with 1 mM [14C]2-DG or 50 micro M [14C] AIB and insulin (0, 1, 1.0, 10.0, or 100.0 mU/ml). Extracellular space was measured with [3H]inulin. Basal uptake of 2-DG and AIB by the cells of the burned limb muscles were 68% (p less than 0.001) and 40% (p less than 0.05), respectively, higher than those of controls. The intracellular concentrations of 2-DG and AIB of burned limb muscles were 112% (p less than 0.01) and 72% (p less than 0.01), respectively, higher than those in control muscles. Corresponding values in soleus muscles from the unburned limb of burned rats did not differ from controls. Addition of insulin increased both the rates of cellular uptake and intracellular concentrations of 2 DG and AIB in control and burned limb muscles but did not significantly affect those of burned limb muscles. It is concluded that thermal injury suppresses the insulin-induced augmentation of 2-DG and AIB uptake by skeletal muscle underlying the burn wound but does not alter the insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle in the unburned region. Since glucose and amino acid uptakes are stimulated by insulin independently, the cellular mechanism of the burn-induced unresponsiveness to insulin may be located at a site which is common to both processes. PMID- 7043016 TI - Hemodynamic and natriuretic responses to intravenous infusion of dopamine in patients with essential hypertension. AB - In order to clarify the role of dopamine on the pathophysiology of essential hypertension, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), urine volume (UV), urinary sodium excretion (UNaV), endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr), fractional excretions of sodium (FENa), inorganic phosphorus (FEP) and potassium (FEK), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and plasma noradrenaline concentration (PNA) were measured before and after intravenous infusion of dopamine (3 micrograms/kg/min, 60 min) in normotensive (NT) and essential hypertensive subjects (EHT). Following dopamine infusion, a significant decrease of MAP and an increase of HR were observed in EHT but not in NT. UV, UNaV, Ccr, FENa, FEP and FEK increased significantly in both NT and EHT, and changes in these except for Ccr were significantly greater in EHT than in NT. In EHT, following dopamine infusion, PNA was clearly elevated, but no remarkable change was found in PRA and PAC. A significantly positive correlation was found between delta UNaV and delta FENa or delta FEP, and between delta FENa and delta FEP, while no significant relation was observed between delta UNaV and delta Ccr, delta MAP or MAP before dopamine infusion. A significant inverse correlation between supine PRA before dopamine infusion and delta FENa or delta FEP and a positive correlation between age and delta FENa or delta FEP were also observed in these patients. The changes in UNaV positively correlated with delta FENa and delta FEP in both low renin (group L) and normal renin EHT (group N) and with delta Ccr i group N but not in group L. The mean values of delta FENa, delta FEP and delta FEK were significantly higher in group L as compared with those in age matched group N. These results suggest that, since the enhanced response to infused dopamine may reflect reduced dopaminergic activity, attenuation of renal dopaminergic activity might exist and be involved through a distribution of water sodium metabolism, at least in part, in the pathophysiological mechanism in EHT, particularly in group L. PMID- 7043018 TI - Effect of sodium intake on biosynthesis of renin. AB - Tritium labeled leucine was used to investigate the effect of sodium intake on renin biosynthesis. This labeled amino acid was incubated with renal cortical slices from mice which were fed on low, basal and high sodium diets and its incorporation into the renin molecule was investigated. Renin was extracted from the incubated slices and then precipitated with rabbit anti-mouse submaxillary renin serum followed by the addition of goat anti-rabbit IgG serum. The radioactivity incorporated into the renin was 0.07 to 0.22% of that found in the soluble protein. The radioactivity incorporated into renin was increased with incubation time at nearly linear rate and it was decreased by the addition of puromycin or of large amount of unlabeled leucine into the incubation medium. The specific activities of radioactive renin in slices from both mice fed a low sodium and high sodium diet were the same. However, the total radioactivity in renin of the slices from mice fed with low sodium diet was higher than that from mice fed with high sodium diet. This indicates that the production of renin in the mice on low sodium diet was accelerated as compared to that in mice on high sodium diet. The results suggest that change of sodium balance affects the biosynthesis of renin which can lead to changes of renal renin content and its release from the kidney. PMID- 7043017 TI - Effects of norepinephrine infusion on systemic hemodynamics and plasma 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha in normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension. AB - Altered prostacyclin metabolism may underlie essential hypertension. In this study, responses of plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha: a stable metabolite of prostacyclin) to infused norepinephrine (NE) were compared in 14 normotensive subjects (NT) and 20 untreated patients with essential hypertension (EH). In addition, changes in systemic hemodynamics following NE infusion were compared with changes in plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. The subjects were all hospitalized and placed on a diet containing 6-8 g of salt per day. Blood pressure was recorded directly through the brachial artery, cardiac output (CO) was determined with the dye-dilution technique using cuvette and total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR) was calculated before and 60 min after NE infusion. Arterial plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was also determined before and after NE-infusion. The rate of NE-infusion was adjusted to elevate mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 10-15%. Plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was radioimmunoassayed. Elevation of MAP was 13.0 +/- 1.2 (SE) in NTs and 11.7 +/- 1.4% in EHs. After NE infusion, CO and TPR both significantly increased in NTs, while only CO increased significantly in EHs. Changes in CO and TPR were both significantly different between the two groups (p less than 0.01). Initial plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was reduced in EHs as compared with NTs (174 +/- 15 vs 295 +/- 41 pg/ml, p less than 0.02). However, during NE-infusion, the increase in plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was greater in EHs than in NTs (p less than 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between changes in TPR and plasma PG (r = -0.36, p less than 0.05). The results indicate that responses of systemic hemodynamics and plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha to infused NE are different in the NT and EH groups, and that the absence of changes in TPR in EHs may be related to a marked increase in circulating prostacyclin. These findings, together with the reduced initial levels of plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in EHs, probably represent altered prostacyclin metabolism in essential hypertension. PMID- 7043019 TI - The role of brain angiotensin II in the mechanism of the pressor responses to intracisternal injection of hypertonic NaCl in urethane anesthetized rats. AB - Intracisternal injections of hypertonic NaCl elicited the pressor responses in urethane anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive Wistar rats. The intracisternal pretreatment of 1-Sar-8-Ile-angiotensin II, angiotensin II analog, could abolish the pressor responses to intracisternal injections of 5% NaCl in urethane anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats, while basal blood pressure was not affected by these pretreatment. Both intracisternal and intravenous administration of captopril, an angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, did not alter the pressor effect of hypertonic NaCl in normotensive rats. Basal blood pressure was lowered by intravenous injection of captopril. The involvement of angiotensin II in the pressor mechanism of hypertonic NaCl was confirmed by the enhanced pressor responses to intracisternal injections of 5% NaCl in urethane anesthetized rats pretreated intracisternally with angiotensin II. These findings suggest that angiotensin II itself could play an important role in the pressor responses to intracisternal injections of hypertonic NaCl without involving a converting enzyme system. PMID- 7043021 TI - [A new PEEP valve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043020 TI - [Pharmacology and clinical use of enflurane (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043022 TI - Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on serum aldosterone and potassium level. AB - An angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory, captopril (or SQ 14225), was administered orally to 23 hypertensive patients under a constant sodium and potassium diet. It resulted in reduction of plasma aldosterone concentration which was related significantly to the increase of serum potassium level (r = 0.533), but only weakly to the reduction of plasma angiotensin II level (r = 0.474). Aldosterone level remained suppressed in the face of increased serum potassium. The effects on aldosterone level and potassium were greater in patients with high plasma renin activity than in those with low and normal plasma renin activities. They also paralleled the reduction in blood pressure. It is suggested that reduction in aldosterone level and potassium retention were caused by blockade of angiotensin II formation by captopril, but the potassium retention was additionally influenced by renal impairment. PMID- 7043024 TI - [Diagnosis of vena cava anomalies with radionuclide venograms in 4 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043025 TI - [A cases of split notochord syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043023 TI - High renin low blood pressure and its treatment with calcium glycyrrhetinyl glycinate. AB - Elevated plasma renin activity was found in 6 out of 7 essential hypotensive patients. This was taken to reflect some abnormality in sodium handling, and they were treated with synthetic calcium glycyrrhetinyl-glycinate (G.G.), a water soluble derivative of glycyrrhetinic acid which was derived from licorice. G.G. was administrated in doses of 300 mg to 1200 mg daily for 3 to 9 weeks. Both the systolic (25.8 +/- 10.0 mmHg) and diastolic (19.2 +/- 9.8 mmHg) blood pressure successfully elevated and improvement or resolution of clinical symptoms was noted in 6 patients. Marked suppression in plasma renin activity (2.7 +/- 1.2 ng/ml/hr) and plasma aldosterone concentration (8.1 +/- 3.1 ng/100 ml) with mild reduction in serum potassium concentration (1.0 +/- 0.4 mEq/L) were concomitantly observed. One patient did not respond at all to G.G. Adverse reactions were mild in all but one who had frank edema. PMID- 7043026 TI - [Letters from the United States. Unforgettable people (R.F. Mattingly, R.A. Patillo)]. PMID- 7043027 TI - [Quantitative left-to-right shunt evaluation by four-compartment model analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043028 TI - [History of nursing in the Taisho era. (2). On nursing regulations]. PMID- 7043029 TI - [History of nursing in the Taisho era. 3. Nursing in hospitals. 1]. PMID- 7043030 TI - [History of nursing in the Taisho era. 4. Nursing in hospitals. 2]. PMID- 7043031 TI - [History of public health nursing activities among frontier farmers in Hokkaido]. PMID- 7043032 TI - [Public health nurses in the frontier of Hokkaido - a historical background]. PMID- 7043033 TI - [History of public health nursing in Hokkaido - through the war, postwar transition, repatriation, an reconstruction periods. A discussion]. PMID- 7043034 TI - Estrogens in oral contraceptives: historical perspectives. PMID- 7043035 TI - The formulation of oral contraceptives: does the amount of estrogen make any clinical difference? PMID- 7043037 TI - [Study on the social position and evaluation of nurses in the history of modern Japanese nursing. Chapter 2. The war and nursing]. PMID- 7043036 TI - The pill: an evaluation of recent studies. PMID- 7043038 TI - [Life among the frontier farmers of Hokkaido: public health nursing in the history of the Showa period. 9]. PMID- 7043040 TI - [Life among the frontier farmers of Hokkaido: public health nursing in the history of the Showa period. 10]. PMID- 7043039 TI - [Nightingale in the history of medical philosophy - on the meaning of "health"]. PMID- 7043041 TI - [Use of levamisole in treating chronic viral inflammation of the myocardium]. PMID- 7043042 TI - [Use of echocardiography for cardiac evaluation in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7043043 TI - [The renin-aldosterone profile in hypertension]. AB - Simultaneous study of renin activity and aldosterone concentration in the blood plasma of 180 out-patients with hypertensive disease has shown that persons with normal or increased reninemia predominate in the I stage of disease. Moderate positive correlation was observed between the level of aldosterone and renin activity; aldosterone-renin index at the stage of the disease remains unchanged. In stage II of hypertensive disease renin activity diminishes and the concentration of aldosterone in blood plasma rises, aldosteronerenin index is enhanced at the expense of aldosterone predominance, which is most often seen in the sub-group of patients with low reninemia. Aldosterone-renin index correlates positively with the duration of hypertensive disease. PMID- 7043044 TI - [Indices of sympathetic-adrenal system and renin activity in ischemic heart disease before and after obzidan treatment]. AB - In 78 patients with ischaemic heart disease prior to and after treatment with obsidan the authors examined relationship between the indices of activity of the sympatho-adrenal and renin systems. A correlation analysis was made between the data adrenalin excretion, noradrenalin, dopamine and DOPA in the urine and renin activity in the blood. After obsidan treatment the excretion of adrenaline and renin activity in blood plasma diminish. After obsidan treatment different links of activity of the sympato-adrenal system function more conjointly. Change in the activity of one of the links produces corresponding changes in the activity of the others. Dependence of renin activity is shown to exist on the activity of the sympatho-adrenal system after treatment as compared to their levels prior to treatment . The initial background recorded prior to treatment influences significantly the final result of treatment. A negative correlation exists between the activity of the sympatho-adrenal system and renin which is regarded as evidence of protective compensatory reaction of the body. It is suggested that the increase of noradrenalin secretion, causing rise of the blood pressure is associated with the compensatory decrease of renin activity. PMID- 7043045 TI - [Clinical aspects of research on the rheological properties of the blood]. AB - It has been said occasionally that haemorheology is a modern science. This is true in methodological but not in conceptional respect. While it cannot be debated that medical haemorheology has greatly profited from the contemporary refinement of techniques, the concepts of haemorheology belong to the oldest concept pursued in medicine. The essence of the present state of haemorheology is the idea that blood loses its physiological fluidity in disease. PMID- 7043046 TI - [Case of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with cardiac asystole treated by constant endocardiac electrostimulation]. PMID- 7043047 TI - [Enterococcus: the causative agent of infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 7043048 TI - [Effect of etmozin on the atrioventricular conduction system function of the heart in paroxysmal subventricular tachycardia]. AB - With the aid of intracavitary electrophysiological investigation in hospital the influence of ethmosin, an antiarrhythmic agent, on the function of atrio ventricular conducting system was studied in 52 patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachicardias. It was established that the drug depresses significantly the electrophysiological values of Kent's bundle, the His-Purkinje system and atrioventricular node (mainly in the retrograde conduction): and also prolongs considerably the time of the intra-atrial conduction. Ethmosin exerts practically no influence on the refractory periods of the atria and on the function of the atrioventricular node for the anterograde conduction. These data suggest that ethmosin may be an effective antiarrhythmic agent in treating patients with certain forms of paroxysmal disorders of the cardiac rhythm in whom the atrioventricular node and Kent bundle are involved in the re-entry. PMID- 7043049 TI - Antibody-coated bacteria in urinary tract infections. PMID- 7043050 TI - Effect of potassium depletion on renin release. PMID- 7043051 TI - Altered glomerular permeability induced by F(ab')2 and Fab' antibodies to rat renal tubular epithelial antigen. AB - Rats injected with F(ab')2 and Fab' antibody fragments directed against an antigen in the rat proximal tubular epithelial brushborder (Fx1A) developed immediate proteinuria [F(ab')2 43.2 +/- 6.7, N=6; Fab' 9.5 +/- 2.8, N=5; normal 1.6 +/- 0.9 mg/day, N=20]), that subsided after 3 to 5 days' duration. This reaction is in contrast to one exhibited by rats given intact IgG anti-Fx1A; the rats that did not develop immediate proteinuria (2.2 +/- 0.3 mg/day, N=5), and the glomerular binding of 125I-antibody fragments was significantly less than that of intact IgG [F(ab')2 0.11 +/- 0.01; Fab' 0.03 +/- 0.01; IgG 0.17 +/- 0.01% administered equimolar dose] at 24 hr. No proteinuria resulted from equimolar doses of nonantibody F(ab')2 and Fab'. Less than 8% of the proteinuria induced by antibody fragments represented injected material, and 30 to 38% was albumin. Immunofluorescence revealed faint and diffuse glomerular capillary wall deposits of F(ab')2 and Fab' and tubular brushborder staining. Subepithelial, electron dense deposits and focal, podocyte effacement were seen by electron microscopy in rats given the F(ab')2 antibody. Light microscopy and colloidal iron-staining were normal. In our study antibody fragments appear to interact directly with components of the outer, glomerular capillary wall to alter permeability in the absence of recognized mediators such as complement and inflammatory cells. PMID- 7043052 TI - Analysis of survival of end-stage renal disease patients. AB - Traditional life-table analysis of differences in patient survival for various end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treatment modalities ignore the fact the ESRD patients face sequential risks because they frequently experience more than one mode of therapy. A modification of the usual life-table analysis is suggested as being more appropriate. This modified method takes into account the "time-to treatment" bias, which, in this instance, is the time spent on the first modality of treatment (that is, center dialysis). The survival data of more than 2,000 ESRD patients in the State of Michigan during the 5-year period, 1974 to 1978, are used to illustrate this method. PMID- 7043053 TI - Plasma aldosterone concentrations in chronic renal disease. AB - The disagreement in the literature concerning the role of aldosterone in the maintenance of potassium homeostasis in chronic renal disease might be partially explained by differences in plasma renin activity (PRA) among individual patients. Therefore, a study was done in 28 selected patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency whose serum potassium and PRA concentrations were within the normal range. The results indicate that at comparable serum potassium and PRA concentrations, plasma aldosterone is in most instances elevated when creatinine clearance is lower than 50% of normal. PMID- 7043054 TI - [Surgical treatment of postoperative hernias of the anterior abdominal wall]. PMID- 7043055 TI - [Current surgical treatment problems in nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 7043056 TI - [Surgical treatment of complicated forms of Crohn disease]. PMID- 7043057 TI - [Everted anastomoses in resection of the small intestine]. PMID- 7043059 TI - [Publications on N. I. Pirogov in the surgical journal of the Ukraine]. PMID- 7043058 TI - [Methods of reinforcing large intestine sutures and anastomoses with a vasculo mesenteric complex]. PMID- 7043060 TI - [Honored scientist of the Ukrainian SSR, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Prof. Ivan Nikolaevich Ishchenko (memoirs)]. PMID- 7043061 TI - [Method of reinforcing duodenal stump sutures in gastric resection]. PMID- 7043062 TI - [Invagination anastomosis in esophageal and stomach surgery]. PMID- 7043063 TI - [Kidney preservation by a nonperfusion method]. PMID- 7043064 TI - [Acute postoperative gastroduodenal ulcers (review of the foreign literature)]. PMID- 7043065 TI - [Anal sphincter incompetence in rectal prolapse (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7043066 TI - [An ocular toxicity study with flupirtine as an example of evaluation of possible ocular drug side effects in human volunteers (author's transl)]. AB - Animal experiments do not provide complete information on all the possible ocular side effects and the toxicity of a new drug. Several functional or dynamic parameters of vision can only be tested in humans as they are either do not exist in laboratory animals or their assessment requires a subjective contribution by the test person. A study was carried out on a new analgesic substance (Flupirtine) in which a large number of such parameters were tested in young healthy volunteers. The results were subjected to statistical analysis with a two factor partlyhierarchical anova and no toxic effects were detected. The study shows how such parameters of visual function can be tested in humans. PMID- 7043067 TI - Connective tissue components of the normal and fibrotic human liver. II. Clinical aspects. AB - In this second part, clinical aspects of connective tissue metabolism in the liver will be described and two main aspects considered. The first is the possibility to monitor the activity of fibrosis by the use of metabolites and enzymes of connective tissue metabolism. In recent studies the qualification for this purpose of enzymes such as procollagen prolyl hydroxylase and lysosomal N Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and the N-terminal peptide of procollagen type III has been tested. The serum activities or concentrations of these substances in patients with chronic active liver diseases increase in due relation to the histologically estimated activity of liver fibrosis. The second aspect deals with therapeutic approaches to fibrosis in the liver by using connective tissue specific agents. So far none of the antifibrotic substances such as proline analogues, colchicine, lathyrogens and penicillamine has been used in longer-term antifibrotic treatment. PMID- 7043068 TI - Long-term efficacy of medical treatments of obesity. AB - Obesity is a chronic, usually life-long condition. Therefore, the success of any treatment should be measured by the long-term weight loss. More patients lose weight than maintain the weight loss after the active phase of therapy has ended. Conservative approaches like dietary restrictions or behavior modification techniques have been only modestly successful in weight maintenance. Both are, therefore, suitable for patients with milder degrees of obesity. Anorexicants seem to have specific but limited use in the treatment of obesity. Fasting and protein sparing modified fast are indicated for patients with a high degree of obesity, i.e. for those who are at least 30% or 25 kg or more over their ideal body weight. Both these procedures have definite risks. Rapid weight loss is induced by fasting but long-term follow-ups showed gradual regain of weight loss. Combinations of various techniques such as behavior modification, exercise, proper nutritional instruction and protein-sparing modified fast seem to have the best chance for long-term success. PMID- 7043069 TI - [The Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence test for detection of antibodies to double-stranded DNA (author's transl)]. AB - For measurement of antibodies of double-stranded DNA (ds DNA) the Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence test (C1-IFT) was compared with the Farr precipitation technique in diagnosis and management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The C1-IFT proved to be less sensitive in SLE patients without clinical disease activity, but the sensitivity of the test in those with active disease was comparable to that of the Farr test. In 76.9% of the patients' sera identical test results were obtained by both assays. In some sera antibodies were detected only by the C1-IFT. Positive test results in patients with diseases other than SLE were found more often with the Farr test. Thus, The C1-IFT seemed to be more specific for diagnosis of SLE. Measurement of titers using the C1-IFT provides a simple method to survey SL E disease activity. It allows to analyze the immunoglobulin classes of the reacting antibodies and their complement fixation ability in vitro. All three major immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgM, IgA) were found to be present in the sera with high antibody titers, complement fixation in the C1-IFT could predominantly be detected is sera with high antibody titers. PMID- 7043070 TI - [Functional significance of reactive histologic changes in lymph nodes (author's transl)]. AB - Being a reservoir of lymphocytes and plasma cells the lymph nodes are an integral part of the immune system. B and T lymphocytes in the lymph nodes show a distinct topographical distribution. The follicular outer cortex and the medullary cords are predominantly populated by B cells. The paracortical zone between cortex and medulla, is again subdivided in T cell areas and regions with heterogeneous populations of T and B lymphocytes. Even in the normal state nodal lymphocytes maintain a permanent exchange with blood lymphocytes via the mechanism of lymphocyte recirculation. Reactive structural changes of immunologic origin result in an increased immigration of blood lymphocytes into, as well as in local clonal proliferation within the lymph nodes. Four different morphologic patterns of nodal reaction can be determined in terms of functional impact: (1) cortical plasma cell reactions, (2) paracortical plasma cell reactions, (3) germinal center reactions, all three associated with humoral immune responses, and (4) hyperplastic changes of the paracortex associated with cell-mediated immune reactions. In both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses there may be an additional sinus histiocytosis, or mast cell hyperplasia. PMID- 7043072 TI - [History of the study of the etiology and vaccinal prevention of influenza (scientific contribution of Tushinskii's clinic)]. PMID- 7043073 TI - [M. D. Tushinskii's activities in blockaded Leningrad]. PMID- 7043071 TI - [Blood pressure, renin angiotensin aldosterone system and other cardiovascular risk factors in children of essential hypertensives (author's transl)]. AB - In the present study, blood pressure, the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, and other cardiovascular risk factors, such as glucose, cholesterine, and triglycerides, were investigated in 294 offspring of essential hypertensives (5 34 years) and in 122 children of normotensive parents (5-34 years). Offspring of essential hypertensives showed statistically significant higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure values than those of normotensive parents (p less than 0.003, less than 0.005, respectively). Furthermore, in children of hypertensive parents a statistically significant higher body weight and body mass index than in controls could be observed (p less than 0.006, less than 0.001, respectively). With the exception of statistically significant, lower mean supine plasma aldosterone values (p less than 0.02) in children of hypertensive parents, no major differences between the two groups were seen in stimulated aldosterone, supine and stimulated plasma renin activity, and plasma cortisol. Furthermore, in the present study, 41 hypertensive parents, 65 (normotensive) spouses of hypertensives, and 47 (normotensive) parents of control children were investigated. As expected, hypertensive parents showed statistically significant higher blood pressure values than parents of control children and their spouses (p less than 0.001). Interestingly, hypertensive parents had not only a higher body mass index than control parents but also than their spouses (p less than 0.01 and less than 0.02, respectively). These findings support a genetic disposition as being the underlying cause of higher body weight in hypertensives and make it less probable that a higher food intake in hypertensive families is responsible for this phenomenon. The results of the present study indicate that early body weight control in children of hypertensive parents may be an important contribution to the prevention of hypertension. PMID- 7043074 TI - [Mikhail Dmitrievich Tushinskii (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 7043075 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical symptoms and therapy of imported malaria]. PMID- 7043076 TI - [Case of Brill-Symmers disease]. PMID- 7043077 TI - An epizootic of Klebsiella aerogenes infection in laboratory rats. AB - Klebsiella aerogenes was identified as the pathogen in an epizootic of single and multiple abscesses in the cervical, axillary and inguinal regions in laboratory rats. Involvement of the salivary glands in the inflammatory tissue in some cases produced interlobular and interacinar fibrosis resembling "fibroadenosis'. Similar lesions were reproduced with a strain of Klebsiella aerogenes isolated from a diseased rat. Oral carriage of the same strain was detected in the diseased rats, and in normal rats of the same stock. Lymphadenitis appears to have been the primary lesion. PMID- 7043078 TI - Anaesthetic gases and health risks to laboratory personnel: a review. AB - The evidence that chronic exposure to inhalational anaesthetic agents may be associated with psychomotor, hepatic and renal dysfunction, to increased susceptibility to infections and neoplastic disease, and to an increased incidence of miscarriages and foetal abnormalities, is discussed. The risk to pregnant women seems greatest after exposure to rather high concentrations of nitrous oxide. Although it is not suggested that all laboratory premises will be equally at risk, such levels as 400 ppm halothane and 8000 ppm nitrous oxide can build up in small poorly ventilated rooms when these agents are used for several hours at a time. A strong plea is entered for all to be aware of the hazard and to ensure that good ventilation and preferably, purpose-built scavenging equipment are installed wherever inhalational agents are used. PMID- 7043079 TI - Skin autografts as markers in the toad (Xenopus laevis). PMID- 7043081 TI - The 1st George Porter memorial lecture, 13 November 1981. Life without microbes. PMID- 7043080 TI - Effect of inbreeding on juvenile mortality in some small mammal species. AB - In breeding records for 12 species of small mammals from 9 families in 3 orders, individuals with an inbreeding coefficient of 0 were classified as non-inbred, those with inbreeding coefficients greater than 0 as inbred. Juvenile mortality was defined as all deaths prior to 1/2 of the age of sexual maturity for each species. It was significantly higher for inbred than for noninbred animals in 11 of the 12 species using a 1-tailed sign test, and by Fisher's exact test in 3 species. Monodelphis domestica, Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos and and Dolichotis salinicola. The higher mortality of inbred young of the species with the largest sample size, Elephantulus rufescens, was irrespective of litter size and of the parity of the dam. PMID- 7043082 TI - Serological detection of ectromelia virus antibody. PMID- 7043083 TI - Small intestinal anastomosis and preparation of intestinal loops in the rabbit. AB - An end-to-end anastomotic technique was adopted to prepare isolated intestinal loops in rabbits. The anastomosis was accomplished by the use of a simple interrupted approximating suture technique which caused minimum trauma to the intestinal tissue, and the luminal narrowing was minimal. Normal intestinal functions were resumed in less than 48 hours. The operated rabbits maintained normal appetite, normal passage of digesta, and normal weight gains. The advantage of this method was the ability to operate rapidly and certainty of effect. PMID- 7043085 TI - Kinetic properties of neutral alpha-glucosidase in the atrophic mucosa of self emptying blind loops of rat jejunum: a microdensitometric study at two different villus sites. AB - The in situ kinetic constants of neutral alpha- glucosidase were determined in the atrophic jejunal mucosa of self-emptying blind loops and in corresponding jejunal segments of control rats, using a quantitative histochemical technique. The apparent maximum velosity (Vmax) and km values were calculated from absorbance measurements of an azo dye-deposit formed in the brush border membrane at the villus base and at the transition zone between the middle and upper one third of the villus. In the controls a significant increase of apparent Vmax and substrate affinity (decrease of apparent Km) was obtained, corresponding to enterocyte maturation along the villi. The mucosal atrophy in self-emptying blind loops was accompanied by a significant decrease of apparent Vmax of neutral alpha glucosidase at both representative villus sites, but the substrate affinity was increased at both sites. The results indicate that alpha-glucosidase activity was reduced when measured at the cellular level of two representative villus sites in the atrophic jejunal mucosa, possibly due to the absence of substrate-effected enzyme induction. The decrease on hydrolytic enzyme activity was not matched by a compensatory increase in substrate affinity. PMID- 7043086 TI - Insulin secretion in relation to fatness in cattle. PMID- 7043084 TI - Immunohistochemical evidence for the lack of amyloid P component in some intracerebral amyloids. AB - Sections of brain tissue from patients with Alzheimer's disease with amyloid deposits in vessels, in plaques, and within nerve cells were studied by means of an immunoperoxidase method using a specific antiamyloid P component (AP) antiserum. Amyloid deposits in vessels were found to be strongly positive for protein AP, whereas the Alzheimer's plaques and the neurofibrillary tangles were negative or only weakly positive. The absence of protein AP in some intracerebral amyloid deposits might be due to an inability of the protein AP in some intracerebral amyloid deposits might be due to an inability of the protein to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. These findings support the theory that protein AP is absorbed to already formed amyloid fibrils, but the possibility that it may participate in the formation of vascular amyloid cannot be dismissed. The findings also indicate that protein AP is not necessary for the formation of amyloid fibrils at least in some forms of cerebral amyloidosis. PMID- 7043087 TI - Evaluation of the EMIT Tox enzyme immunoassay for toxicological analysis of benzodiazepines in serum. AB - Immunoenzymatic test, EMIT Tox, proposed for qualitative and semi quantitative determination of toxicological levels of benzodiazepines in serum is compared with gas chromatography. When used for qualitative purposes in 102 sera, the EMIT Tox test gave 5% error. In semi quantitative determinations, the EMIT Tox test was applied to 139 sera with one or more of the three benzodiazepines (oxazepam, desmethyldiazepam, diazepam), showing a significant correlation with levels measured by gas chromatography; but the EMIT Tox test frequently yields values too low for elevated oxazepam and desmethyldiazepam concentrations. PMID- 7043088 TI - Direct and indirect homogeneous enzyme immunoassay of benzodiazepines in biological fluids and tissues. AB - The evaluation of new homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) for benzodiazepines is described. The assay, although developed for direct analysis in serum, has been used to detect benzodiazepines in other body fluids and tissues; this is accomplished through two processes. The first consists of a previously reported technique of extraction and reconstitution of the original specimen. The second consists of dilution of the original specimen. The assay is compared to a gas chromatographic procedure. PMID- 7043089 TI - A generalized method for the minimization of cellular osmotic stresses and strains during the introduction and removal of permeable cryoprotectants. AB - The successful freeze preservation of mammalian cells and tissues usually requires the presence of high concentrations of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, or dimethylsulfoxide. Unfortunately, the addition of these permeable agents to cells and tissues prior to freezing and their removal after thawing has been documented to be as damaging as the freeze-thaw process itself. This damaging process has been hypothesized to result from the drastic alterations in cell size caused by the osmotic stresses usually imposed upon cells during the introduction and removal of the cryoprotectants. Consequently, on the basis of a nonequilibrium thermodynamic model for the transport of water and a permeable CPA across cell membranes, a method has been developed to minimize these potentially lethal transient changes in cell size. This method involves the simultaneous variation of both the extracellular CPA and electrolyte or osmotic extender osmolalities in a balance, prescribed manner so that both the cellular water content and the total intracellular ionic strength remain constant as the intracellular CPA osmolarity is either raised or lowered. The theoretical analysis indicates that many of the resulting protocols are practical from the clinical point of view. PMID- 7043090 TI - Hyperkalemia in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7043091 TI - The Asklepion Club of Nashville. PMID- 7043092 TI - A simple, rapid and reliable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring estrone-3-glucuronide in urine. AB - A rapid, simple and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the estimation of estrone-3-glucuronide (E1G) in diluted unprocessed urine has been developed using E1G-penicillinase (E.C.3.5.2.6.) prepared via carbodiimide linkage. Polyvinyl chloride ELISA plate (Dynatech) coated with antibody was used for separation of the antibody bound ligand. A complete assay could be performed within 4 hours with good precision (C.V. less than 17%). Minimum detectable amount of E1G was 25 pg/well. Parallelism was observed between sample dilution curve and standard curve. Recovery of E1G from urine ranged between 85-105%. Results obtained on 29 urine samples by the ELISA procedure were comparable to those obtained with an established RIA procedure (r = 0.96). The present method may thus provide a useful tool for the assessment of ovarian function. PMID- 7043093 TI - 19-hydroxyandrostenedione as a new hypertensinogenic agent. AB - The hypertensiogenic effects of 19-hydroxyandrostenedione (19-OH-A-dione) reported previously to be an amplifier of the action of aldosterone were evaluated using the same experimental procedures as for DOCA-salt hypertension in rats. The 19-OH-A-dione treated rats developed high blood pressure, hypokalemia, suppressed plasma renin activity and low plasma aldosterone and corticosterone concentrations as the DOCA treated rats did. The results demonstrate that 19-OH-A dione amplifies the action of endogenous aldosterone and causes a hypertensive state simulating mineralocorticoid excess. Amplifiers of the action of aldosterone are considered to work as hypertensinogenic agents in the presence of the adrenal cortex. PMID- 7043094 TI - The catabolic effect of glucocorticoids on different types of skeletal muscle fibres and its dependence upon muscle activity and interaction with anabolic steroids. AB - Myofibrillar protease activity was found to be elevated, and content of RNA and DNA reduced in m. quadriceps femoris, especially in the fast-twitch white fibers, after dexamethasone treatment. Moderate physical activity prevents, to some extent, the effect of synthetic glucocorticoids. Exhaustive exercise augments the myofibrillar protease activity in both types of muscle fibers. The fast-twitch white type of muscle fibers in exhausted rats are found to have an elevated anticatabolic activity after the treatment of rats with anabolic steroid. It appears that there exists a close correlation between myofibrillar protease activity and muscle weight in the fast-twitch white fibers in dexamethasone treated and exhausted rats. PMID- 7043095 TI - Histiocytic lymphoma presenting with portal hypertension and bleeding esophageal varices: a case report. AB - An unusual case of histiocytic lymphoma presenting with portal hypertension and bleeding esophageal varices is reported. Laparotomy revealed bulky nodal disease in the portahepatis compressing the portal vein, common bile duct, hepatic artery, and cystic duct. Liver was free of tumor, and there was no evidence of extra-abdominal disease. Radiation therapy to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen produced a transient remission for one month, followed by relapse in mediastinum and both lung hilae. PMID- 7043096 TI - The chromosomal effects of the oral contraceptive. AB - A general review of reports on the chromosomal effects of oral contraceptive has been undertaken, and it is quite apparent that there is a scarcity of literature on these very important investigations. Also, those that have been undertaken, cannot be properly assessed on account of, one supposes, subjects' background and lack of numbers, differences in techniques and, above all, the small number of metaphases analyzed. Apart from the report by Mills and colleagues [16], none of the reports mentioned exogenous agents to which the subjects might have been exposed, especially in cases where there has been an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations. All these considerations must be taken into account for, as yet, the reports are too conflicting to 'indict' the oral contraceptive as having chromosome-breaking properties. PMID- 7043097 TI - Molecular mechanisms of production of symmetrical and asymmetrical chromosome exchanges. PMID- 7043098 TI - Cell division after inhibition of chromosome replication in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7043099 TI - Preferred sites of frameshift mutagenesis in AT- and GC-rich microbial DNA. PMID- 7043100 TI - The influence of DNA base ratios on intragenic mutational spectra in prokaryotes. PMID- 7043101 TI - Agarose gels stabilize isolated molluscan neurons for long-term recording. PMID- 7043102 TI - Comparing composites and reviewing techniques. PMID- 7043103 TI - Painting: a coping device for preschool children. PMID- 7043104 TI - The challenge of obesity in childhood. I. Incidence, prevalence, and staging. AB - The incidence and prevalence of obesity in a school-age cohort and the effect of two different weight-reduction treatment programs were studied over 5 years. The study group received diet instruction and met individually with a dietitian weekly for 16 months, and the control group received only the diet instruction. After 5 years, the students were evaluated by triceps skinfold measurements, a parents' questionnaire, and a structured interview. The incidence of obesity over the 5-year period was 7.8%, or 1.6% per year. The prevalence of obesity increased considerably as students entered adolescence. The overall prevalence of obesity for grades 4, 5, and 6 versus grades 9, 10, and 11 was 9.1% and 14.8%, respectively; the greatest increase occurred between grades 10 and 11. There was no significant change in mean weight index in either the study or the control group at 16 months or at 5 years of follow-up. Individuals in both groups did make successful changes in behavior, and these changes resulted in seemingly permanent reductions in weight. The interviews and questionnaires indicated that family environment and interaction played a role in obesity and its treatment. It was found that obese individuals were easily categorized on the basis of attitudes expressed during interviews and that these " stages" correlated highly with 5-year changes in weight index and triceps skinfold measurements. PMID- 7043105 TI - Observations on the diagnosis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. AB - The case histories of four patients--one with recurrent aphthous stomatitis who had a "correctable" deficiency, one with pemphigus vulgaris, one with cicatricial pemphigoid, and one with lichen planus--are reviewed. All had oral ulcerations resembling recurrent aphthous stomatitis. These cases demonstrate the heterogeneity of lesions that might be diagnosed as "canker sores." The necessity for clinical correlation and specific laboratory, histopathologic, and immunopathologic diagnostic tests is delineated. PMID- 7043106 TI - Prognostic and therapeutic implications of extreme serum aminotransferase elevation in chronic active hepatitis. AB - Extreme elevation of the serum aspartate aminotransferase level typically suggests acute hepatocellular necrosis and may militate against the diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis. However, we found that 26 of 160 patients (16%) with chronic active hepatitis had aminotransferase elevations of more than 1,000 IU/liter. These patients were younger and more often jaundiced than the others, but they exhibited signs of chronic liver disease as often. In only 2 of 26 patients with extreme aminotransferase abnormality were features of chronic disease absent. Patients with extreme enzyme elevation had histologic findings of confluent necrosis (P greater than 0.005) and features associated with acute viral infection (P greater than 0.005) more often than others, but they as often had cirrhosis on biopsy specimens. Virologic markers did not distinguish the patients or correlate with viral features in liver tissue. Corticosteroids improved immediate survival (P greater than 0.005) and the likelihood of remission (P greater than 0.005). Although chronic active hepatitis may present with extreme aminotransferase elevation and histologic features associated with acute viral infection, ancillary features of chronic disease facilitate the correct diagnosis and the initiation of appropriate therapy. PMID- 7043107 TI - Extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysms. AB - Extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysms are uncommon. The symptoms of these aneurysms vary according to their location and size. Larger aneurysms may present as cervical or parapharyngeal masses, which may or may not be pulsatile or tender; there may be an associated systolic bruit. Pharyngeal hemorrhage, epistaxis, or bleeding from the ear are rare manifestations. Ischemic symptoms are a frequent mode of presentation of these aneurysms. Arterial diseases, particularly atherosclerosis, may predispose the vessel to the formation of the aneurysm. Sometimes trauma is the cause. We report herein six cases of extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysms. The modes of presentation, the etiologic factors, the pathologic observations, and the methods of management are discussed, and the pertinent literature is reviewed. PMID- 7043110 TI - Physicians and prose. PMID- 7043109 TI - One minute with diabetes. PMID- 7043108 TI - The adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Acute lung injury from a variety of causes may result in capillary leakage and the nonhydrostatic edema of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. The mechanism of development of this syndrome is not yet fully understood. There is increasing hypoxemia from disturbance of normal ventilation-perfusion relationships in the lung and progressive loss of compliance. Treatment is empiric and requires the supportive use of mechanical ventilation and high inspired oxygen fractions, usually with the addition of positive end-expiratory pressure in the breathing circuit. Careful monitoring of respiratory and hemodynamic variables is essential in patient care. In spite of considerable experience, the mortality rate remains high. PMID- 7043111 TI - A profile/interview of Jose Martinez, MD, Chairman of the Faculty's Legislative Committee. Interview by Blaine Taylor. PMID- 7043112 TI - Placental transport of carbohydrates. AB - Glucose transport across the placenta takes place by means of a facilitated process. The transporter shows considerable specificity with respect to different hexoses. Transport across the microvillous plasma membrane of the trophoblast surface facing the intervillous space has been characterized. The details of transport across the fetal directed plasma membrane and the regulation of D glucose membrane protein transporters remain unknown. PMID- 7043113 TI - Pathophysiology of altered placental transport. PMID- 7043114 TI - Metabolism of the placenta: its physiologic implications. PMID- 7043115 TI - Impact of a mandatory second-opinion program on medicaid surgery rates. AB - The effect of the Massachusetts second-opinion program on the volume of elective surgery in the Medicaid population was assessed using two approaches: a study of the program experience and surgery decisions of 2,501 program referrals, and an analysis of Medicaid surgery rates before and after program implementation. Nonconfirmation rates, which averaged 14.5 per cent, varied by procedure from 4 per cent for cholecystectomy to 26 per cent for disc surgery. The patient's surgery decision was related to the outcome of the second-opinion consultation: 85.5 per cent of the confirmed patients had the originally proposed operation, as compared with 31 per cent of the nonconfirmed patients. In the year after program implementation, the program was associated with a 20 per cent reduction in the volume of those procedures covered by the program. The greatest percentage declines were for hysterectomies, meniscectomies, hemorrhoidectomies and tonsillectomies/adenoidectomies. The decline in surgery rates was attributed both to a direct effect on patients referred to the program and to a sentinel effect whereby fewer operations were proposed. We conclude that the mandatory second opinion program in Massachusetts saved Medicaid $3 to $4 for every dollar spent. PMID- 7043117 TI - Periodic medical review: the impact in Pennsylvania. AB - Periodic Medical Review (PMR) of all Medicaid beneficiaries in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) in Pennsylvania was implemented in fiscal year 1973-74. In this study, the authors explored the impact of PMR through its first four annual review periods. Because over two thirds of all SNF patients who were determined (over the four-year period) to require lower levels of care were identified during the first year of the program, the study was focused on the impact of first-year reviews on patient placements and nursing home industry characteristics in the subsequent years. Although the results did not strongly show that PMR had significant long-term effects, the general conclusions reached were that: 1) first year PMR decisions altered (in the intended direction) SNF patient placements and structural characteristics of the nursing home industry in Pennsylvania; 2) the initial impact of PMR was still apparent by the fourth year, but much weaker; and 3) the PMR review team may have been more lenient in their decisions concerning appropriate levels of care for reviewed SNF patients after the first year. PMID- 7043116 TI - The effect of concurrent feedback in reducing inappropriate hospital utilization. AB - This study conducted in four general hospitals, evaluates the effectiveness of feedback from utilization review coordinators in reducing the number of inappropriate hospital days. Experimental control was exerted over the type of feedback provided in the utilization review process to produce four treatment groups (including a control group) that vary according to 1) the channel used to inform an attending physician of a probable inappropriately located patient and 2) the amount of discretion permitted the nurse coordinator in deciding whether, when and to whom this information is provided. The results of the study indicate that physician and hospital performance in utilization review, measured both by inappropriate patient days and length of stay, are affected by the feedback strategy employed. For patients inappropriately located for a portion of their hospital stay, provision of concurrent feedback resulted in reduction of approximately two thirds of an inappropriate day and two and one half total days, compared with patients for whom no feedback was provided or for whom physician advisor involvement was required. In addition, the effect of reasons causing patients to be inappropriately located (barriers) was assessed. Barriers outside the realm of influence of the hospital or the physician were found to impede the effectiveness of the utilization review systems. PMID- 7043118 TI - Measurement of task delegations among nurses by nominal group process analysis. AB - Task delegations among different nursing skill levels (RNs, LPNs, NAs) are empirically measured in this study by performing a nursing activity analysis. Instead of relying on conventional techniques of time study and work sampling, this study incorporates Nominal Group Process and specially designed questionnaires for analyzing nursing activities. Approximately 100 nurses from a 193-bed short-term general hospital participated in the study. The resulting task delegation rates are compared with hospital policy, and a comparison is also made between different nursing units. PMID- 7043119 TI - Hospital discharge queues in Massachusetts. AB - There is growing concern over the inappropriate utilization of health care facilities. The high cost of hospital care and the apparent shortage of nursing home beds have focused attention on one aspect of this problem: the clinically unnecessary days (sometimes called "administrative days" or "ADs") spent in hospitals by patients who are awaiting placement in long-term care facilities. In this study, data from a 1976 Massachusetts Department of Public Health survey of patients backed up in hospitals were analyzed to determine the magnitude of the problem and to examine the influence of several major factors that had been hypothesized in previous studies to contribute to the backup. We demonstrate that the average delay of a patient found waiting in a "snapshot" survey (which is often used to estimate the magnitude of the problem) is significantly greater than the average delay experienced by a typical discharged patient. We show that there are at least two major factors that influence the delay time: nursing home preferences in accepting certain types of patients and nursing home occupancy rates in the hospital service area. Neither medical-surgical occupancy rate nor the number of AD patients waiting in the hospital was significantly correlated with the delay time. PMID- 7043120 TI - [Campylobacter infections]. PMID- 7043121 TI - [Thrombocytopenic thrombotic purpura: pathogenic and therapeutic advances]. PMID- 7043122 TI - [Incidence of clinical remission and residual beta function during early stages of diabetes mellitus type I (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043123 TI - Intestinal microflora. PMID- 7043124 TI - The pathophysiology of secretory diarrheas. AB - The mechanisms by which bacterial enterotoxins cause secretory diarrheas have been well defined, and the definitions of such mechanisms have been important in developing a consistently successful therapeutic approach. The less common secretory diarrheas, caused by the interaction of hormones of tumor origin with the gut small intestinal mucosa have also been clearly defined, and their pathogenetic mechanisms are similar to those by which the cholera and E. coli enterotoxins cause secretory diarrhea. The mechanisms by which histamine and gastrin of tumor origin cause gastric hypersecretion are less clearly delineated; secretory diarrhea caused by both of these agents can be stopped by total gastrectomy without removal of the responsible tumor. The secretory diarrhea caused by villous adenomas of the colon, which does not appear to be related to a distally produced humoral agent, results in the same picture of hypokalemic acidosis that is characteristic of the nonbacterial secretory diarrheas originating in the small intestine and is cured by resection of the responsible tumor. PMID- 7043125 TI - The prophylaxis and therapy of secretory diarrhea. PMID- 7043126 TI - Yersinia enteritis. AB - Y. enterocolitica has been shown to be a fairly common human pathogen in many countries. The clinical picture produced by Y. enterocolitica infections is quite variable. An acute abdominal disease (acute gastroenteritis or colitis, or a pseudoappendicitis due to acute terminal ileitis) and, less commonly, erythema nodosum and arthritis are the most important manifestations of the disease. On radiologic examination mucosal lesions of the terminal ileum are found in most patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. The colon is less frequently involved. The most typical lesions consist of shallow, small, round ulcers characteristic of the disease. Microscopic examination may suggest yersiniosis but does not show pathogenic signs. Y. enterocolitica can be detected by stool cultures or by serologic examinations. The disease is usually mild. If specific therapy is indicated the disease usually responds well to antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7043128 TI - Human vibrio gastroenteritis. PMID- 7043127 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis: pathogenesis and therapy. PMID- 7043129 TI - Current drug regimens for the treatment of intestinal helminth infections. PMID- 7043130 TI - A specimen mount for small laryngeal biopsies. AB - Accurate histologic interpretation of small laryngeal biopsies is often obfuscated by tangential sectioning of the specimen. The natural tendency of the tissue specimen to curl and suboptimal orientation of the specimen account for the tangential cuts. Use of a biopsy specimen mount eliminates this problem. The biopsy specimen mount also permits accurate determination of tumor involvement of deep and peripheral margins, a useful feature in the management of small areas of leukoplakia of the vocal cords. The biopsy specimen mount is therefore helpful in the endoscopic surgical management of small areas of leukoplakia of the vocal cords. The biopsy specimen mount is therefore helpful in the endoscopic surgical management of early glottic malignancy (T1s, T1), since therapy can be individualized and planned rationally with precise determination of margin involvement. PMID- 7043131 TI - Digital subtraction angiography of lesions of the head and neck. PMID- 7043132 TI - "How I do it"--otology and neurotology. A specific issue and its solution. A postauricular muscle-skin flap for conchal defects. PMID- 7043133 TI - Experimental study of laser photocoagulation in the treatment of bleeding canine gastric ulcers. AB - We report experimental results obtained by laser photocoagulation on hemorrhagic lesions induced in dogs. The aims of this study were 1) to evaluate the real efficiency of the YAG laser to ensure hemostasis of briskly bleeding lesions; 2) to determine the minimum energy density necessary to ensure hemostasis; 3) to assess the damage depth inside the gastric wall after photocoagulation; 4) to compare reepithelialization of treated ulcers with that of control ulcers; 5) to evaluate the safety margin for the clinical use of the YAG laser. PMID- 7043134 TI - The problems of virus containment. PMID- 7043135 TI - Immunological implications of necrotic, cellular and vascular changes in leprous neuritis: light and electron microscopy. PMID- 7043136 TI - [Gastroenterology and its history as a motive for pondering on the current state of medical knowledge (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043137 TI - [The thymic humoral factor: current knowledge (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043138 TI - [Contacts between Slovenian and Croatian medicine in the past (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043139 TI - Activity of the Institute for the History of Medicine at the University of Rome (1968-1980). PMID- 7043140 TI - [Methodological prescripts and philosophical presuppositions in Antonio Vallisneri's research]. PMID- 7043141 TI - [On a translation and an Italian interpretation of Copernicus]. PMID- 7043142 TI - [Pre-technical medicine?]. PMID- 7043143 TI - [Microscopy in the theoretical context of the development of the biological sciences]. PMID- 7043144 TI - [The annals of humanities computing: the Index Thomisticus]. PMID- 7043145 TI - [History of the organization of the evacuation of wounded and ill partisans to the motherland]. PMID- 7043146 TI - [Legends, facts, hypotheses. Help, EDP!]. PMID- 7043147 TI - [Cellular immunity]. PMID- 7043148 TI - [Participation of hospital attendants and nurses in the October Revolution]. PMID- 7043149 TI - [Trypanosoma rhodesiense African human trypanosomiasis foci in Burundi (vector : Glossina morsitans). Historic and present aspects (author's transl)]. AB - From 1954, Trypanosoma rhodesiense trypanosomiasis affects North East Burundi in an endemic way. However, for two years (1979-1980) in spite of a constant monitoring, no new trypanosomiasic patient has been detected. The author, in order to appreciate the epidemiological prospects, reviews the history of trypanosomiasis in Burundi and considers the role of the geographical environment, the socio-economic changes and the various attempts to control the disease. Nowadays the existence of animal reservoirs is not proved and the human reservoir seems almost in existant. The vector still exists and the main danger might come from the Tanzanian foci. PMID- 7043151 TI - [The Robert Koch house in Wollstein]. PMID- 7043150 TI - [Epidemiological study of bancroftian filariasis in the Logone Valley (North Cameroon) (author's transl)]. AB - In the Logone Valley, Yagoua and the surrounding area, the prevalence of the bancroftian filariasis was measured by means of determinating the microfilarian rate: 22,1 p. 100 in males and 9,8 p. 100 in females. The immunofluorescence test on D viteae frozen sections showed the presence of antibodies in 61,5 p. 100 of the males and 68,2 p. 100 of the females. A balance between the microfilarial rate and the percentage of inhabitants with specific antibodies was observed. Parasitological and immunological examinations appeared to be complementary. The microfilarial density is 19 microfilariae/20 microliter of blood in males and 13 microfilarae/20 microliter in females. Elephantoid extremities of scrota was observed in 13,2 p. 100 of the adult males, all of them having more than 40 years of age. Females are less affected than males. At the beginning of the rainy season, females of A. gambiae were the mosquitos the most frequently caught in the houses. PMID- 7043152 TI - [Tuberculosis as a paradigm for feeling alive]. PMID- 7043153 TI - [Tuberculosis and art]. PMID- 7043154 TI - [Epidemiology of tuberculosis. Development since the discovery of the microbe, current status in West Germany and expected further developments]. PMID- 7043155 TI - The pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes: an update. PMID- 7043156 TI - Central nervous system infection in the chronically immunosuppressed. PMID- 7043157 TI - [Diagnosis and epidemiology of respiratory system diseases due to plant dusts]. AB - Of the respiratory tract diseases - byssinosis - i.e. the disease diagnosed in textile industry workers has aroused interest and controversies for many years. In Western Europe Countries the USA, Egypt and Pakistan this disease was diagnosed in more than half of the workers employed at cotton processing. Epidemiological data imply that in Eastern and Middle Europe few authors diagnose byssinosis in the population exposed to vegetable dusts. In the Soviet Union, the greatest cotton producer in the world, processing the greatest amounts of this raw material in the textile industry, medical examinations carried out in different centres did not show byssinosis symptoms in textile workers, that would apply to Schilling's criteria. Vegetable dusts inherent in agricultural and food industry largely promote the occurrence of nonspecific respiratory tract diseases. They are diagnosed as chronic bronchitis, which at "dusted" workstations are the mean cause of sickness absenteeism. The preventive activities aimed at the reduction of hazardous effects of dust upon organism would consist mostly in application of technical measures, i.e. technological processes hermetization and ventilation and only in scarce cases - in the use of good antidust personal protective measures. PMID- 7043158 TI - [Evaluation of the circulatory system in workers exposed to caprolactam and diphenyl in 1 of the chemical plants producing polyamine fibers]. AB - The literature data indicating nonspecific pathologic symptoms of the circulatory system in those occupationally exposed to caprolactam and diphenyl inspired the authors to evaluate the circulatory system in a group of 495 workers of a Chemical Plant producing polyamide fibres. The anamnestic data, family inquiry and subjective changes indicate that any hints of the significant effects of the technological process on circulatory diseases in this professional group are unwarranted. The percentage values of the latent circulatory failure (1-2% of subjects), coronary insufficiency (6.6% of subjects), arterial hypertension (5.7% of subjects) did not show any significant differences, as compared to the control group and normal Polish population. The obtained results of ECG test evaluated according to the Minnesota-Code criterion did not significantly differ from 100 controls composed of those in whom no changes in the circulatory system were found, whereas clear differences were found related to 50 persons with documented heart ischemia. PMID- 7043159 TI - The regulation of lipid synthesis in freshly isolated and primary cultures of hepatocytes from fasted rats: the primary role of insulin. AB - To determine the relative roles of insulin intermediates in the glycolytic pathway in the control of lipogenesis, we have evaluated lipid synthesis in freshly isolated and primary cultures of hepatocytes from normal ad libitum fed and 72 hr fasted rats. In freshly isolated hepatocytes from fasted rats the rate of lipid synthesis is markedly depressed and resistant to the stimulatory effects fo insulin and spermine, a post insulin binding mimicker of insulin action. This is true whether lipid synthesis is evaluated from 3H2O or from (14C)-acetate. These characteristics are retained in primary cultures of these hepatocytes. This cell system, therefore, is suitable to evaluate the effects of insulin and substrates on the recovery of lipid synthesis in hepatocytes from fasted rats. Glucose, fructose, glycerol, pyruvate, and acetate in the incubation medium for 20 hr were without effect on the rate of lipid synthesis and insulin responsiveness in the primary cultures from fasted rats. However, when the cells were incubated for 20 hr with insulin, 10(-9) M, the rate of lipid synthesis and insulin responsiveness were comparable to that of primary cultures of hepatocytes from fed rats. The present studies demonstrate the unique role for insulin in restoring lipid synthesis and insulin responsiveness in mammalian liver from fasted animals. PMID- 7043160 TI - Differences in circulating gluconeogenic substrates during short-term fasting in men, women, and children. AB - To determine whether the differences in fasting glucose responses in men, women and children could be related to differences in glucoregulatory hormone secretion or availability of circulating gluconeogenic substrates, 20 adults (10 men and 10 women) were fasted for 86 hr and 15 children (6.1 +/- 0.8 yr, mean +/- SE) were fasted for 30 hr. Circulating concentrations of glucose, ketone bodies, potential gluconeogenic substrates and glucoregulatory hormones were determined at frequent intervals. In the postprandial state (1-14 hr fasting), substrate and hormone concentrations were similar in all groups with the exception of plasma glutamine concentrations which were higher in men (640 +/- 20 microM) than in women of children (490 +/- 20 microM and 480 +/- 50 microM, respectively, p less than 0.01 for both). Following 30 hr fasting children had the lowest glucose (53 +/- 3 mg/dl) and alanine (167 +/- 17 microM) concentrations and men had the highest (72 +/- 3 mg/dl and 279 +/- 16 microM, respectively) whereas those of women were intermediate (64 +/- 3 mg/dl and 226 +/- 19 microM. respectively). Following 30 hr of fasting betahydroxybutyrate concentrations were highest in children and lowest in men (the children, 3.7 +/- 0.4 mM; women, 1.7 +/- 0.2 mM and men 0.9 +/ 0.2 mM, p less than 0.02 between all groups). An inverse relationship (p less than 0.001 was observed between beta-hydroxybutyrate and glucose concentrations throughout the fast for each group (r greater than 0.92). Although plasma cortisol concentrations were higher in women and children when compared to those of the men, no differences in growth hormone, glucagon, or insulin concentrations were observed among the three groups studied. Differences in plasma substrate responses to fasting among the groups studied may reflect differences in glucose requirements among men, women and children, as well as the relative availability of both gluconeogenic substrate and ketone bodies. PMID- 7043161 TI - Interactions of insulin with bovine endothelium. AB - Bovine endothelial cells have been isolated from pulmonary and systemic vessels and grown in culture as primary, passaged and passaged cloned-strains. The cultures were shown to be endothelial in nature on the basis of several endothelial-specific and endothelial-associated traits. Endothelial cells from all sources had specific receptors for insulin in primary culture and after serial passage. Endothelial cells derived from pulmonary arteries and aortas bound 2.5 times more insulin than cells derived from the pulmonary vein. Each endothelial cell type maintained a specific complement of receptors through at least 25 passages in vitro. Coupled with previous findings of insulin receptors on endothelial cells from human umbilical vessels, these data suggest that insulin receptors may be an intrinsic component of all vascular endothelium. PMID- 7043162 TI - Effects of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and muscimol on endocrine pancreatic function in man. AB - The high concentrations of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the pancreatic islets and the neurotransmitter role played by this amino acid in the central nervous system, make it plausible that GABA also intervenes in the control of endocrine pancreatic function. In 12 normal subjects, a single oral dose of 5 or 10 g GABA, as compared to placebo, caused a significant (p less than 0.01) and dose-dependent (p less than 0.01) increase of plasma levels of immunoreactive insulin, C peptide and glucagon, without affecting plasma glucose concentration. By contrast, in 15 additional subjects, a single oral dose of 5 mg muscimol, a specific GABA receptor agonist, did not consistently influence the above parameters. Although the lack of effects of muscimol might indicate that the action of GABA is not mediated through specific receptors, the results with GABA suggest that this amino acid plays a specific role in the regulation of endocrine pancreatic function. PMID- 7043163 TI - Effect of insulin and leucine on protein turnover in rat soleus muscle after burn injury. AB - To investigate the effects of thermal injury on muscle protein turnover, net protein breakdown and incorporation of leucine into protein was measured in vitro in rat soleus at 3 days following a 3 sec burn to one hindlimb. The weight gain and food consumption of the burn injured animals was similar to that unburned animals. However, the burn caused an 11% decrease in soleus muscle weight and protein content. The levels of ATP, phosphocreatine, and the phosphocreatine/creatine ratio were all normal. Net protein breakdown from the burn-injured muscle was elevated 35% while the incorporation of leucine into protein was unchanged. Thus the increase in protein breakdown in the muscle from the burned region appears to be responsible for the loss in muscle protein. Leucine oxidation was also stimulated by burn. Since protein turnover and leucine oxidation in the contralateral muscle of the burned animal was identical to those from unburned animals, the effects appear to result from direct thermal injury to the muscle from the burned hindlimb rather than from systemic alterations in the metabolic or endocrine environment. In addition, a physiological concentration of insulin (100 microU/ml) was found to stimulate incorporation of leucine into protein and inhibit net proteolysis to the same extent in soleus from burned and unburned limbs. While lower insulin concentrations need to be tested, there appears to be no evidence for insulin resistance with respect to protein turnover under these conditions. PMID- 7043164 TI - Effect of a glucosidase inhibitor on the metabolic response of diabetic rats to a high carbohydrate diet, consisting of starch and sucrose, or glucose. AB - The metabolic consequences of the addition of Bay-g-5421 to a diet whose caloric value included 67% carbohydrate, comprising wheat starch (diet A), equal quantities of wheat starch and sucrose (diet B) or glucose (diet C) were studied in lean diabetic and non-diabetic rats. BAY-g-5421 led to a significant (30%) reduction in daily food intake of diabetic and non-diabetic rats fed diets A and B, respectively. In diabetic rats fed diets A and B with Bay-g-5421, daily urinary glucose was diminished ten-fold, while the post-prandial plasma glucose excursions were almost halved. Serum cholesterol, but not triglyceride concentrations, were reduced after five days, by the addition of BAY-g-5421 to diets A or B in non-diabetic rats, and in diabetic rats when the animals fed diets A and B were combined. BAY-g-5421 did not significantly after the food intake, urinary glucose excretion, post-prandial plasma glucose excursions nor serum lipids in diabetic and non-diabetic rats fed diet C. These findings illustrate the therapeutic potential of BAY-g-5421 as an adjunct to the dietary management of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7043165 TI - The relationship of dietary calcium to the maintenance of skeletal integrity in man-an interface of endocrinology and nutrition. AB - Calcium restriction reliably produces osteoporosis in animals, but the impact of dietary calcium on age-related bone loss in man is controversial. The opinion that calcium intake is not clearly related to bone mass or to osteoporosis is well-entrenched in the nutrition literature, and has been influential in setting recommended intakes for the American public. This position rests on the poor correlation between habitual calcium intake and the incidence of osteoporosis in some non-Western countries, and on demonstrations that young men can achieve calcium balance on low intakes. However, such data neglect a variety of factors which determine calcium nutriture. These include the efficiency of mineral utilization, gonadal status, and the effect of dietary protein. It has recently been demonstrated that calcium requirements increase during adult life in women. This increase is attributable in large measure, but not completely, to estrogen deprivation associated with the menopause. In addition, the American diet is abundant in protein, a situation which may be deleterious to bone. Based on the evidence currently available, it is reasonable to propose that adolescent and young women consume one gram of calcium daily, and that this intake be increased to 1500 mg to the time of menopause. PMID- 7043166 TI - The defective glucose sensitivity of the B cell in non insulin dependent diabetes. Improvement after twenty hours of normoglycaemia. AB - In non insulin dependent diabetics (N.I.D.D.) of normal body weight, the acute insulin response to glucose is defective while that to pharmacologic agents such as tolbutamide is less impaired. This specific B-cell insensitivity to glucose results from unknown and perhaps multiple mechanisms. Hyperglycemia may be itself aggravate this phenomenon. To test this hypothesis acute insulin release (delta I: sum of increment at 2, 5, 10 min) after intravenous and tolbutamide injection was studied in 5 N.I.D.D. with fasting blood glucose averaging 12.1 mM/I (range 10.7-13.7) before and after 20 hours of glycemic normalization by an artificial pancreas. Intravenous injection of .3 g/k glucose did not elicit an acute insulin or C-peptide response, but following Tolbutamide (20 mg/kg) delta I was 44 +/- 21 microU/ml and delta C-peptide 0.84 +/- 0.37 nM/I. After 20 hr of normoglycemia a response to glucose was apparent (delta I 60 +/- 24 and delta CP 0.86 +/- 26) that to Tolbutamide was unchanged (delta I 58 +/- 26 and delta CP 0.97 +/- 0.27). These results suggest that 20 hr of normoglycemia improve significantly the "glucoreceptor" function of the B-cell in N.I.D.D. PMID- 7043167 TI - Identification of microtubules in normal and diabetic rabbit islets grown in monolayer culture. PMID- 7043168 TI - Modulation of basal insulin secretion in the obese, hyperglycemic mouse. PMID- 7043169 TI - Urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion in juvenile-onset diabetics: evidence of increased protein catabolism in the absence of ketoacidosis. AB - Urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion (an indicator of protein catabolism) was measured in ten diabetic patients and in age and weight matched control subjects. The diabetic group, while receiving their usual insulin dose, excreted 42% more 3 methylhistidine than the control group (2.7 versus 1.9 mumole/kg body weight/24 hr). When the insulin dose of the diabetic subject was reduced by 15% or 25%, the concentrations of blood and urinary glucose were significantly increased by the rate of urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion was not increased further. These findings demonstrate augmented protein catabolism in diabetics even in the absence of ketoacidosis. It appears that blood and urine glucose levels are more sensitive to changes in insulin availability than protein catabolism. PMID- 7043171 TI - Hormonal control of glucose homeostasis during development and ageing in mice. AB - Age-related changes in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis were examined in immature (5-wk-old), young adult (10-wk-old) and older adult (30 and 60-wk-old mice). In immature mice, basal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were higher than young adult mice. Glucose tolerance was impaired in immature mice, although the plasma insulin response to glucose and other secretagogues (arginine and glucagon) was well developed, and the hypoglycaemic effect of exogenous insulin was not impaired. Glucagon and epinephrine evoked a greater acute hyperglycaemia in immature mice, suggesting that these hormones exert a stronger rapid glucose-raising effect in preadult life. Basal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were lowest in young adult mice, and increased with advancing adult age. Glucose tolerance was best in young adult mice and deteriorated with age, while plasma insulin concentrations after administration of glucose, arginine and glucagon were lowest in young adult mice and increased with age. However, in response to these secretagogues, the percentage increase in plasma insulin above basal was reduced in older adult mice. This indicates a defect of stimulus-recognition-secretion-coupling in the B-cells of older adult mice. The raised plasma glucose concentrations of older adult mice could not be attributed to an increase in the acute hyperglycaemic action of glucagon or epinephrine. The hypoglycaemic response to exogenous insulin decreased with age, suggesting that tissue sensitivity to insulin was impaired. Treatment with growth hormone and cortisone for 5 days produced a greater antagonism of insulin in older mice than young adult or immature mice. Growth hormone impaired glucose tolerance at each age, but only produced a marked hyperinsulinaemia in older adult mice. In contrast, cortisone produced a marked hyperinsulinaemia at each age, but only impaired glucose tolerance in older adult mice. PMID- 7043170 TI - Influence of physical training on the fuel-hormone response to prolonged low intensity exercise. AB - The effects of physical training on the fuel-hormone response to prolonged (3 hr), low intensity cycle ergometer exercise (40% maximal aerobic power) which in the untrained state fails to produce a rise in blood lactate, was examined in six healthy male subjects. The training program consisted of one hour cycle ergometer exercise performed 4 times weekly for 6 weeks and resulted in a 19% increase in maximal aerobic power. Prior to training, prolonged low intensity exercise resulted in a 20% decline in plasma glucose, a 2.5-fold rise in plasma free fatty acids (FFA), a 7-fold rise in plasma epinephrine, a 3-fold elevation in plasma norepinephrine, and a 2.5-fold rise in plasma glucagon. Following training, the exercised-induced decline in glucose was 60% less than before training, the elevations in plasma FFA and norepinephrine were respectively, 45% and 90% less than before training and no significant increment in plasma norepinephrine and glucagon was observed. Training also blunted the exercise-induced elevations in circulating ketones and growth hormone and resulted in a lower respiratory exchange ratio during exercise. The data indicate that training markedly diminishes the fuel-hormone perturbations associated with low intensity exercise and in the face of a lessened increment in plasma FFA results in a greater utilization of fat and less dependence on carbohydrate during the exercise. PMID- 7043173 TI - Validation of a practical in vivo insulin dose-response curve in man. AB - To adequately investigate the state of insulin resistance, an insulin dose response curve should be constructed so that insulin sensitivity (right shift of dose-response curve) and insulin responsiveness (maximal response) can be determined. This paper describes and validates in man a practical in vivo insulin dose-response curve technique, using a modification of the euglycaemic clamp described by De Fronzo et al. Insulin action at steady state was expressed as metabolic clearance rate of glucose (MCRG) rather than overall rate of glucose disappearance (M or Rd). MCRG was chosen because at plasma insulin concentrations greater than 25 microunits/ml it was shown (n = 5) not to be altered by changes in blood glucose concentration (MCRG 379 +/- 23 and 408 +/- 19 ml/m2/min; at plasma glucose concentrations 5.4 +/- 0.3 and 10.2 +/- 0.7 respectively), whereas Rd was critically dependent on the prevailing blood glucose concentration (Rd 2007 +/- 128 and 4124 +/- 219 mumol m2/min respectively). MCRG was demonstrated to be stable over a 6 hr period (n = 8) and to be reproducible (n = 4). Insulin dose-response curves (MCRG Versus insulin concentration) were performed on two obese and seven normal weight individuals. The insulin dose-response curves were linearized, allowing accurate prediction of the maximal MCRG, as compared to the experimentally determined maximal response (r = 0.953 p less than 0.01). The use of this transformation obviates the need to employ very high insulin infusion rates to determine the maximal insulin response. In conclusion, the technique permits, in a single 6 hr study, a precise insulin dose-response curve to be constructed for accurately determining insulin sensitivity and responsiveness. PMID- 7043172 TI - Similarities between insulin, hydrogen peroxide, concanavalin A, and anti-insulin receptor antibody stimulated glucose transport: increase in the number of transport sites. AB - Plasma membranes from insulin or insulin mimicker (hydrogen peroxide, anti insulin receptor antibody, and concanavalin A) treated adipocytes showed an increase in glucose transport compared to control cells due to an increase in Vmax and not due to alteration in Km. Arrhenius plots showed no difference in the energy of activation between control and insulin or insulin mimicker stimulated glucose transport states. Glucose transport by plasma membranes from control or treated adipocytes was equally (percentage) inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide, reduced glutathione, or cytochalasin B. The data indicate that the increased transport resulted from addition of new transport sites similar to the sites existing in the basal state. PMID- 7043174 TI - Free and total insulin integrated concentrations in insulin dependent diabetes. AB - Studies of the 24 hr insulin concentration profiles in diabetic subjects on chronic exogenous insulin have been hampered by the presence of endogenous anti insulin antibody, which gives spurious estimates of radioimmunoassayable insulin concentrations. The introduction of polyethylene glycol precipitation of endogenous antibody has allowed development of reliable assays for determination of free and total insulin concentration in subjects on insulin therapy. This article reports our observations of plasma free and total insulin concentration in 50 Type I and Type II ambulatory insulin dependent diabetics, utilizing a continuous 24 hr blood withdrawal technique. In response to exogenous insulin, study subjects had marked elevations in insulin concentrations compared to controls. Mean free insulin integrated concentration was 3.5-fold higher in diabetics than nondiabetics. Mean total insulin integrated concentration was 868 microunits/ml, more than 20 times in excess of total insulin concentration in nondiabetics. There was a wide range among diabetics in the percentage of total insulin in the free insulin fraction. Neither free nor total insulin integrated concentration correlated with dose of exogenous insulin. Free and total insulin concentration profiles showed a limited range of variation in insulin concentration during the 24 hr of study, no subject having a profile that mimicked that observed in nondiabetic subjects. Glucose integrated concentration showed no correlation with free insulin integrated concentration, however, it did correlate inversely with the percentage of total insulin in the free insulin fraction. These data emphasize the difficulty in establishing normal patterns of insulin among diabetic subjects on conventional subcutaneous insulin therapy. PMID- 7043175 TI - Reversal of diuretic-induced increases in serum low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol by the betablocker pindolol. AB - Seventeen patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension received during three consecutive 4 wk periods a matched placebo, the thiazide-like diuretic, clopamide in a low dosage of 5 mg/day, or this diuretic combined with the betablocker, pindolol in a low dosage of 10 mg/day. Compared to placebo conditions, clopamide monotherapy significantly increased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 13% (p less than 0.025). Following addition of pindolol, serum LDL-C was restored to control values. These variations in serum LDL-C were unrelated to concomitant changes in blood pressure, plasma potassium, renin activity or aldosterone levels. Blood pressure in the supine position was reduced from 152/99 +/- 13/9 mm Hg (+ SD) to 141/93 +/- 15/7 mm Hg following diuretic-monotherapy and to 139/90 +/- 12/9 mm Hg following diuretic-betablocker combination treatment. These findings suggest that antihypertensive combination treatment with low doses of clopamide and pindolol is not only effective and well tolerated, but may also avoid the increase in serum LDL-C levels occurring when the thiazide-like diuretic is given alone. PMID- 7043176 TI - Familial partial lipodystrophy: complications of obesity in the non-obese? PMID- 7043177 TI - Variations in plasma glucose, insulin, growth hormone and catecholamines in response to insulin in trained and non-trained subjects. AB - Previous studies have shown a reduced insulin secretion in trained subjects challenged by a glucose load. In the present study the response to insulin of 8 athletes was compared to that of 8 non-trained subjects. The disappearance of plasma insulin was not different between the two groups, but the level of hypoglycemia was greater in the trained subjects. The injection of insulin increased the plasma levels of epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) in both groups of subjects, but the raise in E was greater in the trained subjects. Similarly, the increase of growth hormone (GH) was greater in the trained subjects. These findings substantiate previous results showing a decreased insulinic index and an increased insulin binding to monocytes in trained subjects. It is also suggested that the enhanced E and GH secretion found in trained subjects injected with insulin, is possibly related to the greater fall in plasma glucose in the trained subjects compared to the non-trained subjects. PMID- 7043178 TI - Effect of physical training on insulin uptake by the perfused rat liver. AB - Hepatic uptake of insulin by the in situ perfused rat liver has been measured in rats subjected for 9 wk to physical training (T rats) on a treadmill. Three sedentary groups, one food-restricted (FR) to have the same weight as T rats, one freely-eating (FE), and one sucrose-fed (SF) were also studied. Each liver was cyclically perfused for 30 min with three different insulin concentrations in the medium (approximately 80, approximately 500, and approximately 2000 microunits/ml). Plasma insulin concentrations in T rats were 50 and 17, in FR 55 and 20, in FE 71 and 30 and in SF 84 and 42 microunits/ml in portal and peripheral venous plasma, respectively. Insulin decay curves followed first order kinetics. Taking FE rats as controls physical training enhanced hepatic clearance (expressed in ml/g/min) by 37%-60% whereas sucrose feeding reduced it by 15%-31% during the three perfusion periods. Food restriction in the FR rats caused only minor changes. Similar results were obtained with respect to hepatic extraction ratio and insulin removal. There was a significant negative correlation between portal insulin concentration and hepatic clearance rate. The results indicate that the hepatic extraction of insulin depends on portal insulin concentration. The mean net insulin uptake of the liver was similar in the groups, utilizing portal insulin concentrations and the hepatic clearance rate for calculations. As previously shown, the low peripheral plasma insulin levels after physical training are due mainly to a decreased insulin secretion from the pancreas. This is thus magnified by the efficient trapping of insulin in the liver. PMID- 7043179 TI - The disposal of an intravenously administered amino acid load across the human forearm. PMID- 7043180 TI - Insulin stimulation of glucose oxidation in cultured human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 7043181 TI - Variation of rat serum biochemical values following decapitation or anesthesia with ether, halothane or Innovar-VetR: rapid Innovar-VetR-induced hyperuricemia and hyperglycemia. AB - True reference values (TRV) should ultimately be determined in blood from inactive, unstimulated rats but in practice, acceptable reference values (ARV) may be established using blood from decapitated or anesthetized animals if one is cognizant of variations associated with blood sampling procedures. Data reported here illustrate some variations in serum biochemical values following decapitation or anesthesia. Decapitation does not provide serum in which ARV for sodium, potassium or lactate dehydrogenase can be found but ARV can be determined for glucose, insulin and several other parameters. It is suggested that both TRV and ARV for serum electrolytes be determined using serum from cannulated rats. All three anesthetics raised glucose levels and ether and halothane increased alkaline phosphatase activity. Both halothane and Innovar-VetR decreased insulin:glucose ratios suggesting inhibition of insulin release from the pancreas. Innovar-VetR also produced hypoxia due to severe respiratory depression and bradycardia as well as hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia and hyperphosphatemia. Techniques most likely to provide ARV should be of the shortest possible duration, afford least respiratory and cardiovascular suppression and minimize stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 7043182 TI - A possible hepatic factor in the control of plasma free fatty acid levels. AB - Insulin acts as a regulator of lipid metabolism by inhibiting the rate of lipolysis. Hyperinsulinemia, produced by the peripheral infusion of glucose, therefore, causes a lowering of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) by decreasing the mobilization of fats from peripheral deposits. Based on previous studies, it was postulated that a lowering of plasma FFA could be produced, in the absence of hyperinsulinemia, by the infusion of glucose directly into the liver. This study was undertaken to investigate the existence of endogenous factors other than insulin, which inhibit lipolysis. It was determined that glucose at a dosage of 0.125 gm/kg/hr could be infused into the portal vein of dogs without increasing plasma insulin levels. This dosage significantly lowered plasma FFA levels when injected into the portal vein but had no effect on plasma FFA when infused peripherally. There were significant decreases in FFA turnover following portal glucose administration, with no changes in fractional turnover. This indicated that the lowered plasma FFA concentrations found following portal infusions of glucose, were due to reduced lipid mobilization from adipose tissue, rather than increased tissue uptake of FFA. These results suggested the existence of an hepatic factor, stimulated by portal glucose infusion, which lowered FFA mobilization from adipose tissue. PMID- 7043183 TI - Modulation of leucine oxidation and turnover by graded amounts of carbohydrate intake in obese subjects. PMID- 7043184 TI - The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and hypertension in primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - To evaluate the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the hypertension associated with primary hyperparathyroidism, we measured plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration before and after maneuvers to suppress and stimulate this system in 11 hypertensive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. We also measured plasma or urinary norepinephrine concentration to examine the role of catecholamines in the hypertension. The results were compared with an age- and race-matched control population. While the mean plasma aldosterone concentrations were normal, the mean plasma renin activity in response to furosemide stimulation was subnormal in subjects with hyperparathyroidism. Plasma or urinary norepinephrine concentrations were within the normal range. Thus a specific abnormality of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system or catecholamines could not be identified in these hypertensives with primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7043185 TI - Mechanism of insulin resistance in fructose-fed rats. AB - Previous results from our laboratory demonstrated that chronic administration of fructose to normal rats led to both hyperinsulinemia and in vivo insulin resistance. To localize the major tissue site of insulin resistance in fructose fed animals, we compared glucose uptake by perfused hindlimb skeletal muscle and liver from rats fed either a 60% fructose diet or laboratory chow. Glucose uptake by perfused muscle from chow and fructose-fed rats was comparable at perfusate insulin levels of 0 microunit/ml (15.2 versus 15.5 microliters/min/g muscle), 100 microunits/ml (18.3 versus 19.8), and greater than 500 microunits/ml (35.5 versus 33.4). In contrast, glucose outflow from livers of fructose-fed rats was significantly greater (p less than .02) than chow-fed animals perfused in the absence of added insulin (52.1 versus 36.5 mumol/g). Furthermore, the ability of insulin to suppress glucose outflow was less in livers from fructose-fed rats at perfusate insulin level of 165 microunits/ml (13.2 versus 41.4% as well as at insulin concentration greater than 900 microunits/ml, (32.5% versus 62.2%). These findings suggest that the insulin resistance resulting from chronic fructose feeding is due to the diminished ability of insulin to suppress hepatic glucose output, and not to a decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by muscle. PMID- 7043186 TI - Glucose intolerance in liver cirrhosis. PMID- 7043187 TI - Proteolytic enzymes. Part C. PMID- 7043188 TI - Human factor B. PMID- 7043189 TI - Introduction to clotting in blood plasma. PMID- 7043190 TI - HMW and LMW kininogens. PMID- 7043191 TI - Factor V. PMID- 7043192 TI - Snake venom proteases that activate blood-coagulation factor V. PMID- 7043193 TI - Prothrombin. PMID- 7043194 TI - The proteolytic enzymes of the complement system. PMID- 7043195 TI - Streptokinase and staphylokinase. PMID- 7043196 TI - A new active-site titrant of serine proteases. PMID- 7043197 TI - Renin. PMID- 7043198 TI - Human urinary kallikrein. PMID- 7043199 TI - Porcine glandular kallikreins. PMID- 7043200 TI - Cathepsin B, Cathepsin H, and cathepsin L. PMID- 7043201 TI - Leukocyte elastase. PMID- 7043202 TI - Mast cell proteases. PMID- 7043203 TI - The first component of human complement--C1. PMID- 7043204 TI - Sperm Acrosin. PMID- 7043205 TI - Proteases in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7043206 TI - nonlysosomal insulin-degrading proteinases in mammalian cells. PMID- 7043207 TI - Inactivation of thiol proteases with peptidyl diazomethyl ketones. PMID- 7043209 TI - Collagen as a substrate for cell growth and differentiation. PMID- 7043208 TI - Fibroblast adhesion to collagen substrates. PMID- 7043211 TI - Biosynthesis of insoluble elastin in cell and organ cultures. PMID- 7043210 TI - Proteolysis of insoluble elastin. PMID- 7043212 TI - Regulation of catalase biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: factor repressing catalase biosynthesis. AB - A factor which represses the catalase biosynthesis in yeast has been demonstrated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This factor can be obtained from yeast cells having both low and normal catalase levels, and is unable to enter the intact cytoplasmic membrane. Moreover, the factor-containing cell extracts obtained either from acatalasemic mutants or normal strains grown in catalase repressive conditions showed higher activity than those obtained from normal strains after being cultured in permissive conditions. PMID- 7043213 TI - Microcalorimetry studies of energy changes during the growth of Klebsiella aerogenes in simple salts/glucose media. 3. The effect of growth temperature on energy conversion. AB - Calorimetric and growth data are reported for the growth of K. aerogenes in glucose-limited media over the temperature range 25 degrees to 42 degrees C. Rate constants for heat output, CO2 evolution and biomass production are maximal at 37 degrees C; the rate constant for heat output is greater than that for biomass production at growth temperatures less than 37 degrees C. Changes in the power time profile indicate that different metabolic processes occur at the different temperatures even when aerobic conditions prevail. An energy budget has been established for each temperature, stored and waste energy are constant below 40 degrees C; at higher temperatures the stored energy decreases and the waste energy increases. The energy used for biosynthesis delta HB is maximal at 37 degrees C, and is probably dependent on the growth rate. PMID- 7043214 TI - Effect of growth medium on the lipid composition of log and stationary phase cultures of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The lipid content of Salmonella typhimurium was not significantly influenced by the carbon source present in the growth medium. The principal fatty acid was palmitic acid. Significant levels of palmitoleic acid were found in log phase cultures, and this was replaced by a C17 delta fatty acid in the stationary phase. The other fatty acids present in significant quantities were lauric, myristic, cis-vaccenic and linoleic acids. The phospholipids present were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine. PMID- 7043215 TI - Case study: neonatal meningitis. PMID- 7043216 TI - Couching a cataract. AB - Couching a cataract, which involved using a needle to pierce the eye and push the cataract back and down, was a popular technique until about 1850. PMID- 7043217 TI - Ineffective malaria prophylaxis. PMID- 7043219 TI - Oestriol in the control of postmenopausal symptoms. Preliminary report of a clinical trial. PMID- 7043218 TI - Septicaemia in a general hospital. AB - Over a three-year period, 6102 blood cultures were performed in a large general hospital. Each year, septicaemia was diagnosed in about 0.5% of patients. Detailed examination of one-year records showed that the largest proportion was from the surgical wards, followed by the emergency admitting ward, with smaller numbers from the adult medical, renal and paediatric areas. The organism most frequently responsible was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Escherichia coli. The mortality rate rose from 16% in those treated with one antibiotic, to 58% in those given three or more. Nosocomial infections accounted for 39% of all episodes, with a mortality rate of 29%. At least five cases of these, with two deaths, were attributable to intravenous cannulae. Neutropenia and concurrent immunosuppressive drug therapy were associated with a worse prognosis, but the body temperature and leucocyte count had no prognostic significance. PMID- 7043220 TI - High renin hypertension in association with a solitary renal cyst. PMID- 7043221 TI - [Late manifestations of glycogenosis 1 in early adulthood]. AB - Mild forms of glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency (glycogenosis type I) may remain undetected till indirect consequences of the metabolic bloc clarify the diagnosis in early adulthood. Since humoral regulation could play a decisive role in the metabolic adaption to hypoglycemia, caused by the enzyme deficiency, we studied insulin-, glucocorticoid-, catecholamine-and somatotropin-secretion in a 27 year old man with a mild glycogenosis type I. Basal and stimulated insulin release was decreased, the glucocorticoid secretion lay in the lowest part of the normal range, whereas catecholamine and somatotropin secretion showed no significant change. Thus, the humoral adaption in glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency corresponds to the hormonal regulation in prolonged starvation. PMID- 7043222 TI - [New data on body height]. PMID- 7043223 TI - [The thyroid gland and pregnancy]. PMID- 7043224 TI - [Clinical course of the hyperviscosity syndrome]. PMID- 7043225 TI - [Skeletal damage in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 7043226 TI - [Pancreatic lipase - an overview]. PMID- 7043227 TI - [Steroid hormone receptors: mode of action and methods for detection]. PMID- 7043228 TI - Viral glycoproteins as determinants of pathogenicity. PMID- 7043229 TI - Evaluation of Gram-stain screen and Micro-ID methods for direct identification of Enterobacteriaceae from urines. AB - A rapid method of urine screening and enterobacterial identification was evaluated. Results indicated that an average of 13.5 bacteria/oil immersion field (threshold value greater than or equal to 1) was observed in unsedimented urine of patients with significant bacteriuria, with an average of less than 1 bacterium/field in urines of patients without significant bacteriuria. In centrifuged urines, numbers of bacteria divided by amount of urine sedimented yielded similar results. Of 1758 urines studied, 136 yielded greater than or equal to 10(5) bacteria/ml, and 58 greater than 10(4) but less than 10(5) bacteria/ml, by conventional techniques. Gram-screening of unsedimented specimens gave sensitivity rates of 94.1%, specificity of 97.7%, and predictive positive and negative values of 78.5%, 99.5%, respectively; similar values were obtained with sedimented urines. Sensitivity rates of both screening methods for the 58 urines with greater than 10(4) but less than 10(5) bacteria/ml were 9.0%, 10.0%, respectively. Total correct enteric identification in 113 urines with positive screens and significant bacteriuria (greater than or equal to 10(5)/ml) was 82.3% and 90.3% with direct saline and broth Micro-ID methods, respectively. In 99 urines yielding pure or predominantly pure growth of 1 species of Enterobacteriaceae identification by direct saline and broth Micro-ID corresponded with isolated colony identification in 85.9%, 94.9% of cases, respectively. Gram-stain screening (together with back-up conventional plating in certain patient categories) and enterobacterial identification by direct broth Micro-ID, of urines with pure stains suggestive of greater than or equal to 10(5) Gram-negative rods/ml has been shown to be useful in laboratories without automated equipment for urine screening. PMID- 7043230 TI - Viral tropisms in mouse brain cell cultures. AB - Fourteen-day-old cultures of dissociated newborn mouse brain cells were infected separately with different strains of vaccinia virus and a strain of measles virus. Using the indirect immunofluorescence technique we found that under the experimental conditions in these cultures both measles and the neurotropic strain of vaccinia infected oligodendrocytes whereas the dermatropic strain of vaccinia did not. Astrocytes were neither infected by vaccinia strains nor by measles virus. PMID- 7043231 TI - [A monument to the acclaimed physician of Vojvodina, author of the first book on pediatrics in Yugoslavia, Dr. Gavrilu Pekarovic (1812-1851)]. PMID- 7043232 TI - [50 years of work of Professor Dimitrije Stanulovic]. PMID- 7043233 TI - [Treatment of cholesterol cholelithiasis with Henohol]. PMID- 7043234 TI - [The Cockayne syndrome. Endocrinological study apropos of a case]. PMID- 7043235 TI - Practical management of eyelid trauma. PMID- 7043236 TI - Ketosis in cattle. PMID- 7043238 TI - Purification of dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase IV from human kidney by anti dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV affinity chromatography. AB - Dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase IV (DAP-IV) was purified 850 fold with a yield of 16.5% from human kidney cortex. Only two chromatographic procedures of DEAE-cellulose and anti DAP-IV Sepharose were used. The purified enzyme was shown to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate. Among various substrates with the structure of X-Y-p nitroanilide, Lys-Pro-Gly-Pro- and Arg-Pro-p-nitroanilides were hydrolyzed very fast by DAP-IV. Optimum pH of DAP-IV in human kidney was pH 8.7, Km value for Gly Pro-pNA was 2.51 +/- 0.01 x 10(-4) M and V max was 66.6 +/- 0.7 mumol/min/mg protein. Diisopropylfluorophosphate completely inhibited DAP-IV at 0.1 mM. However, the enzyme was almost unaffected by N-ethylmaleimide, p chloromercuribenzoate, iodoacetate, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, and several metals. The amino acid composition of DAP-IV purified from human kidney was similar to that of DAP-IV purified from pig kidney, liver and intestine. These results indicate that the properties of DAP-IV purified from human kidney are almost same as those from pig kidney. PMID- 7043237 TI - Partial characterization of membrane-associated proteinases from Micrococcus lysodeikticus. AB - We have identified cytoplasmic and membrane-associated proteinases from Micrococcus lysodeikticus (M. luteus) by the use of 125I-labeled casein and insulin as substrates. The membrane-associated activities were released by shock washing. Proteolytic activities showed pH optima at slightly alkaline values and we have concentrated on the activities at pH 8.0. The total units of both proteolytic activities were higher in the cytoplasmic than in any other fractions but the situation was different when the results were expressed in terms of specific activity. The activities against casein and insulin were differentiated by the action of inhibitors, divalent metal ions, Arrhenius plots and dependence on ionic strength. On these grounds, it is proposed that the membrane-associated enzyme acting on insulin is a single thiol proteinase while the proteolysis of casein reflects the action of, at least, two enzymes (thiol proteinase and serine proteinase). The distinction between the casein and insulin degrading activities was confirmed by crossed-inhibition experiments and by their behaviour on gel chromatography and concentration-dependence experiments. The aggregating properties have hampered the purification of the enzymes. The present results raise doubts about the significance of preventing membrane damage and degradation of membrane proteins by the addition of indiscriminated proteinase inhibitors during membrane isolation and manipulation. PMID- 7043239 TI - Reversible modification of 50S ribosomal subunits with dimethylmaleic anhydride: protein-deficient particles. AB - The reversible modification of protein amino groups with dimethylmaleic anhydride, which had already been used to dissociate proteins from the 70S ribosomes of Escherichia coli (Pintor-Toro, J. A., et al. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 3219) was applied to the preparation of protein-deficient particles from the 50S subunits. Three successive cycles of treatment with dimethylmaleic anhydride, separation of dissociated proteins and regeneration of the modified amino groups produce partially inactivated ribosomal 'cores' lacking proteins L7, L11 and L12, and having very small amounts of L1, L6 and L10. Incubation of these 'cores' with the corresponding split proteins is accompanied by complete reactivation of the polypeptide synthesizing activity as compared with control 50S subunits. PMID- 7043240 TI - Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from E. coli MRE-600: localization of the phenylalanine binding sites on the subunits by affinity reagents. AB - The phenylalanine and the phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe binding sites on the subunits of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from E. coli MRE-600 were localized using p azidoanilidate of [14C]phenylalanine and N-bromoacetyl-[14C]phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe. The phenylalanine recognizing site was shown to be situated on the alpha subunit of the enzyme in close proximity to the contact region of the alpha and beta subunits and the phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe recognizing site on the beta subunit. Transfer of the aminoacyl moiety from the alpha subunit to the beta subunit of the enzyme was assumed to take place in the process of catalysis of the aminoacylation reaction. PMID- 7043241 TI - Staphylococcal protein A purification of rodent IgG1 and IgG2 with particular emphasis on syrian hamsters. PMID- 7043243 TI - Fluorescent nucleotides: application in a fluorescence immune assay. AB - A fluorescence immune assay designed to measure anti-nucleotide antibody activity is described based on the synthesis of a fluorescent nucleotide probe possessing a low fluorescence quantum yield when free in aqueous solution (neutral pH). The fluorophore, AmNS (1-naphthylamine-5-sulfonic acid), was covalently conjugated to various phosphate derivatives of nucleotides through carbodiimide activation to form the fluorescent probe. The quantum yield (phi) of the fluorescent nucleotide in solution (neutral pH) was approximately 0.025 based on an excitation maximum of 320 nm and an emission maximum of 460 nm. Anti-nucleotide antibodies elicited in rabbits and mice served as standard immunological reagents in development of the fluorescence assay. Upon binding of an AmNS-nucleotide conjugate with homologous anti-nucleotide antibodies, the fluorescence quantum yield of the conjugate was significantly enhanced (12-35 x). Fluorescence enhancement was not obtained upon incubation of the fluorescent probe with normal Ig, non-immune rabbit sera and murine ascites fluid, or bovine and rabbit serum albumin. Nucleotide inhibition reactions were quantitatively measured in the fluorescence assay. Nucleotide binding results obtained with the fluorescence assay were correlated with a modified radioimmune Farr assay. PMID- 7043242 TI - The H-2Kk antigen: isolation using monoclonal immunoadsorbent chromatography and sequence analysis without radioisotopes. AB - Monoclonal immunoadsorbent chromatography has been used to isolate milligram quantities of detergent-solubilized H-2Kk antigen. Using the procedure described in this paper 10(12) cells may be processed yielding 10 mg of homogenous H-2Kk which represents 70% of the allotypic serological activity present in the original homogenate. NH2-Terminal sequence data of the first 30 residues of the H 2Kk heavy chain are presented. The cell line selected as the source of antigen and the criteria of purity of the antigen have been found to be critical as proteins of molecular weight 42,000 and 12,000 were copurified with H-2Kk from the BW5147 cell line. The additional components were observed in gradient gel electrophoresis or two-dimensional electrophoresis, but not in conventional Laemmli gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7043244 TI - Isolation and immunologic properties of a heterogeneous antigen with the characteristics of the heavy chain of human plasma kininogen. AB - Kininogen antigen was purified from human plasma fraction IV by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and affinity chromatography with antibody specific immunoadsorbents. The immunologically pure glycoprotein had a mol. wt of approximately 60,000 and only one polypeptide chain by SDS-PAGE. An extensive charge heterogeneity by isoelectric focusing and gel filtration on polyacrylamide agarose could only in part depend on a comparatively high sialic acid content, but may be caused by differences in the carbohydrate structures sustained by lectin-binding heterogeneity on Con A-Sepharose. This antigen shares a dominating determinant with native plasma kininogens shown by complete patterns of identity in immunochemical analyses and with the monospecific antisera developed in rabbits against the heterogeneous components. The similar size, amino acid composition, low histidine content, lack of N-terminal amino acid and antigenic homogeneity fit all the so far known characteristics of the human kininogen heavy chain. Notably the antigenic determinant is resistant to degradation by activated kallikrein. This antigen with unimpaired immunologic activity may be a useful tool for preparation of antiserum for immunochemical determination of human plasma kininogen. PMID- 7043245 TI - Light-induced genetic toxicity of thimerosal and benzalkonium chloride in commercial contact lens solutions. AB - Several commercial solutions used for daily care of contact lenses were tested for mutagenicity in 4 strains of Salmonella and for their ability to induce repairable DNA damage in the E. coli DNA polymerase A- assay. 5 of the 13 solutions tested were positive in the polymerase A- assay. These products demonstrated an increased level of genetic toxicity when the assay was conducted under conditions of illumination with visible light. Investigation of the genetic toxicity of some of their components, specifically the preservatives, indicated that thimerosal and benzalkonium chloride were capable of causing repairable DNA damage. Thimerosal was active only when the plates were incubated under conditions of illumination, and thus was light-induced. Benzalkonium chloride was active under conditions of dark incubation, and its genetic toxicity was enhanced when the plates were irradiated with visible light. These results were confirmed in a parallel experiment, in which cells were treated with the test agent and irradiated for a short period in liquid culture and viable cells then determined. None of the commercial products and none of the components tested, were mutagenic in the Salmonella assay. PMID- 7043246 TI - An evaluation of the genotoxic properties of insecticides following plant and animal activation. AB - Commercial and technical grades of 10 insecticides were evaluated for genotoxicity with Salmonella typhimurium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae directly and following plant and animal activation. Field-grade formulations of each insecticide were also tested for mutations at the waxy (wx) locus in Zea mays in situ. Carbofuran, chloropyrifos, curacron, metham and phorate were negative in all assays. Ethoprop and terbufos were each positive in 1 assay, and chlordane, fonofos and heptachlor were each positive in 2 assays. Fonofos and terbufos were positive directly and following animal activation while chlordane and heptachlor were positive following both plant and animal activation. Chlordane, ethoprop, and heptachlor were positive in Z. mays. PMID- 7043247 TI - Mutagenicity testing, in bacterial test systems, of some constituents of tobacco. PMID- 7043248 TI - Mutagenicity testing of chlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated dibenzofurans. AB - 4 chlorinated biphenyl and 5 chlorinated dibenzofuran compounds have been evaluated in the reversion assay developed by B.N Ames using Salmonella typhimurium histidine auxotrophs. All these compounds (2,4,2'-4' tetrachlorobiphenyl, 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 4-chlorobiphenyl, 2,4,,6,2',4',6'-hexachlorobiphenyl, dibenzofuran, 2,9-dichlorodibenzofuran, 3,6 dichlorodibenzofuran, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran and octachlorodibenzofuran) were nonmutagenic for strains TA98 and TA100 when tested over a 3-log dose range. They were also not mutagenic whether or not varying concentrations of microsomal extracts (S9) from uninduced rats or from rats induced by several methods were included in the experimental protocol. PMID- 7043249 TI - Genetic toxicology studies with 2-nitrobenzofurans and 2-nitronaphthofurans. AB - The genetic toxicity of benzofurans and naphthofurans was further examined. (i) Seven new 2-nitronaphthofurans tested give a positive response on strains TA1537, TA1538, TA98, TA100, but not on strain TA1535. This response depends at least partially on the bacterial nitroreductase activities and is decreased in presence of activating mixture from rat liver. (ii) A correlation is observed between the mutagenic potency assayed in the Mutatest and the phage-inducing potency assayed in the Inductest. The relevance of these results and of complementary tests on uvr + Salmonella strains and the Spermatest are briefly discussed in perspective of the possible genetic toxicity of the compounds on mammals. PMID- 7043250 TI - A method for preparing chromosomes from peripheral blood of the mouse. AB - A modified Triman et al. (1975) procedure for preparing metaphase chromosomes from mouse peripheral blood is described. Modifications include: isolation of white blood cells using a ficoll-hypaque gradient; seeding cultures with a known concentration of leucocytes such that the PHA/cell concentration can be controlled for optimum stimulation through 72 h with no media change; and visual monitoring of cell growth to determine when there should be sufficient numbers of dividing cells for harvest and thus eliminate unnecessary harvest of non productive cultures. We have found this modified procedure to be highly reproducible with the final 0.5 ml fixed cell suspension yielding 50-75 quality metaphase spreads per drop. PMID- 7043251 TI - Diurnal variations in the mutagenicity of airborne particulate organic matter in California's south coast air basin. PMID- 7043252 TI - The efficiency of various solvents in the extraction of chemical mutagens from living tissues: a comparative study. AB - The aim of this study is to find out the best solvent to be used in extraction of chemical pollutants from living organisms. Ethanol, benzene, chloroform, pentane, 1,4-dioxan, acetone, cyclohexane and ether were used in extraction of shrimp and clam samples collected from a Fahaheel site. The tissue extracts were tested for their mutagenic activity using E. coli and Salmonella on tester strains. The results revealed that ethanol was more efficient than other solvent in extraction of chemical mutagens concentrated in clams and shrimps. PMID- 7043253 TI - Mutagenicity and DNA-modifying activity of 2-nitropropane. AB - The results presented herein confirm the mutagenicity in Salmonella of 2 nitropropane and the relative inactivity of 1-nitropropane. The lack of mutagenicity of 1- and 2-aminopropane is also reported. In addition, we have demonstrated the in vitro DNA-modifying activity of 2-nitropropane, and present evidence to suggest that genetic activity of this nitroalkane may not be dependent on the enzymic reduction of the nitro function to the corresponding hydroxylamine. PMID- 7043254 TI - Increased sensitivity of Escherichia coli K12 to certain mutagens as a consequence of a mutation leading to phage U3 resistance. PMID- 7043255 TI - Mutagenicity of nifurpirinol (P-7138) in Escherichia coli WP2 and Salmonella typhimurium TA100. AB - Nifurpirinol, 6-hydroxymethyl-2-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]pyridine, which has been widely used as an antibacterial drug against diseases of fish, was found to be a potent mutagen. The mutagenic effect was dose-related, and the potencies were calculated to be 1.49 X 10(3), 7.24 X 10(4) and 8.49 X 10(5) revertants/1 X 10(-8) survivors at the concentration of 1 microgram/ml to :Escherichia coli B/r WP2, E. coli B/r WP2 hcr- and Salmonella typhimurium TA100, respectively, without metabolic activation. Nifurpirinol is susceptible to photodegradation, and its mutagenic activity to S. typhimurium TA100 was decreased to about one thousandth when the solution of Nifurpirinol was exposed to sunlight at room temperature for 4 h. PMID- 7043256 TI - The adaptive response to alkylating agents: the removal of O6-methylguanine from DNA is not dependent on DNA polymerase-1. PMID- 7043257 TI - The use of a yeast strain with a temperature-sensitive DNA ligase to estimate DNA repair after exposure to mutagens. AB - The yeast strain cdc9 which possesses a temperature-sensitive DNA ligase, was used to estimate DNA repair after mutagen exposure. Following low UV fluences, single-strand breaks in DNA were detected after an incubation at the restrictive temperature but were absent at the permissive temperature. These DNA breaks were shown to be equal to the number of pyrimidine dimers induced in DNA as measured by the presence of UV-endonuclease sensitive sites. Similarly, after exposure to the chemical mutagen 4-chloromethyl-biphenyl (4CMB) single-strand breaks accumulated at the restrictive temperature. Hence the technique described should be applicable for the estimation of the early steps of repair of a wide range of different types of DNA damage induced in yeast by exposure to either physical or chemical mutagens. PMID- 7043259 TI - Analysis of a method for testing azo dyes for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of flavin mononucleotide and hamster liver S9. AB - A protocol for assessing the mutagenic activity of azo dyes derived from mutagenic or potentially mutagenic aromatic amines was evaluated, using 4 model compounds. This protocol is based upon one developed in Sugimura's laboratory with modifications, including the use of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) rather than riboflavin to reduce the azo compounds to free amines, and hamster liver S9 rather then rat liver S9 for metabolic activation. The protocol developed differs from the standard Ames Salmonella plate incorporation assay in 5 ways: (1) uninduced hamster liver S9 rather than Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S9 is used; (2) 150 microliters of S9 is used rather than the maximum of 50 microliter of S9 used in the standard assay; (3) FMN is added to the cofactor mix; (4) the cofactor mix is modified to include exogenous glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADH, and 4 times the standard amount of glucose 6-phosphate; and (5) a 30-min "pre-incubation" step is used before addition of top agar. We found that each of these 5 changes is necessary for optimal mutagenic activity of azo dyes derived from the mutagenic aromatic amines benzidine, o-tolidine or o-dianisidine. The use of hamster liver S9 rather than rat liver S9 was also required for optimal mutagenic activity of benzidine itself. Rat liver S9 inhibited the ability of hamster S9 to activate benzidine to a mutagen. The presence in rat liver S9 of an inhibitor of the metabolic activation of benzidine may account for the failure of benzidine and a benzidine dye (Congo red) to be strongly mutagenic when tested with this type of S9. PMID- 7043258 TI - Test-condition-dependent influence of harman and nonharman on benzo[a]pyrene mutagenesis in Salmonella. AB - The enhancing or decreasing effect of harman or norharman on benzo[a]pyrene mutagenesis depends mainly on the metabolizing system (S9) used. When mammalian activation was performed by using liver homogenates from mice induced by 3 methylcholanthrene, phenobarbital or Aroclor 1254, then the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 decreased upon addition of harman or norharman. In the presence of rat-liver homogenate induced by Aroclor 1154, however, harman enhanced the number of benzo[a]pyrene revertants, whereas norharman did not show any significant alteration of the benzo[a]pyrene mutagenicity. Further tests carried out with phenobarbital-induced mouse-liver homogenate showed that, within certain limits, neither variations of the amount of S9 extract nor the amount of the cofactors nor the relative proportions of the test substances had any influence on the antagonistic effect of harman or norharman on the benzo[a]pyrene mutagenesis. PMID- 7043260 TI - 5-Bromodeoxyuridine tablets with improved depot effect for analysis in vivo of sister-chromatid exchanges in bone-marrow and spermatogonial cells. AB - An improved 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) tablet technique for observation in vivo of SCE in mouse bone-marrow and spermatogonial cells is described. BrdU tablets were coated with agar as protecting barrier before subcutaneous implantation into mice. In comparison with the original tablets, the agar-coated tablets provided a slower and more uniform delivery of BrdU to the animals. This was corroborated (1) by recovering the undissolved portion of tablets at 1-2-h intervals, and (2) by quantitative determination of the BrdU levels in blood with the help of an analytical HPLC technique. The time required for complete dissolution of the coated tablets was considerably longer than that for the original tablets. This means that the dose of BrdU required for observation of SCE in mouse bone-marrow cells can be reduced accordingly. By using these modified tablets, therefore, undesired effects of high doses of BrdU on mutation (base-line SCE frequency) as well as on cellular replication and proliferation can be diminished. Moreover, the improved depot effect of the modified tablets facilitates the differential labeling of sister chromatids in mouse spermatogonia, a tissue containing cells with a relatively long DNA synthesis period. PMID- 7043262 TI - Adenylate cyclase in adults and cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Adenylate cyclase of adult Schistosoma mansoni is activated by serotonin (5 hydroxytryptamine). Serotonin activation is markedly enhanced by GTP. the poorly hydrolyzed analogs of GTP, guanylyl imidophosphate (Gpp(NH)p) and guanosine 5' (3-0-thio)triphosphate activate the schistosome cyclase in the absence of serotonin. The activating effect of these nucleotides is increased in the presence of serotonin. Female adult schistosomes have only 40% as much NaF stimulated activity as do the male parasites. In addition, the serotonin stimulation of adenylate cyclase in the females is only 20% as much as the males. Maximal activation of adenylate cyclase with NaF reveals that the adult parasites have tenfold higher activity than the cercariae. cercarial adenylate cyclase shows very poor response to serotonin in the presence of GTP. Serotonin caused more significant activation of cercarial adenylate cyclase in the presence of guanylyl imidophosphate. PMID- 7043263 TI - Otitis media in children: to treat or not to treat? PMID- 7043261 TI - A review of the genotoxicity of food, drug and cosmetic colours and other azo, triphenylmethane and xanthene dyes. AB - The genetic toxicology of the major dyestuffs used in foods, drugs and cosmetics has been reviewed. Published data for azo, triphenylmethane and xanthene dyes from short-term assays for muta-carcinogenicity have been summarized and discussed according to usage, current and previous worldwide legislative status. Certain other synthetic food dyes, commercial mixtures, natural and polymeric colourants as well as a section on aminoazobenzene and its derivatives have been included. Genotoxicity has been discussed with reference to structural chemistry, levels of exposure, absorption and metabolism and to epidemiological information. The extent of agreement between data from different tests and correlations with animal cancer assays have been considered. Synthetic dyes from the 3 major structural classes exhibit genotoxicity, whilst only 2 natural colours have proved active. Activity may be due to the presence of certain functional groups, notably nitro- and amino-substituents which are metabolized to ultimate electrophiles that may be stabilized by electronic interaction with aryl rings. Metabolic processes such as azo-reduction may be activating or detoxifying. the low but significant correlation between animal carcinogenicity and short-term test data may be increased with further screening, especially involving chromosome assays. It is suggested that a human cancer hazard may exist where significant quantities of finished benzidine dye samples are handled. Such risks from exposures to other colours and the possibility of human germ-line mutation induction by dyestuffs cannot be meaningfully assessed. PMID- 7043264 TI - A double-blind, controlled study of lymphoplasmapheresis versus sham apheresis in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7043265 TI - Sounding board. On teachers. PMID- 7043267 TI - The pathogenesis of asbestos-associated diseases. PMID- 7043266 TI - Occasional notes. The management of early breast cancer. PMID- 7043268 TI - Drug therapy: atenolol and timolol, two new systemic beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. PMID- 7043269 TI - Contamination of mechanical ventilators with tubing changes every 24 or 48 hours. AB - We studied the contamination of ventilator circuits in order to assess the need for daily changes of tubing. Patients requiring continuous mechanical ventilation were randomly selected for tubing changes at 24 hours (Group 1) or at 48 hours (Group 2). Samples of inspiratory-phase gas from ventilators with standardized settings were cultured according to the tube-broth method of Edmondson and Sanford. The frequency of positive cultures from 128 ventilators in Group 1 (30 per cent) was not significantly different from that for 112 ventilators in Group 2 (32 per cent). Gram-negative bacteria were most frequently isolated from patient's sputum and ventilator inspiratory-phase gas, but no species predominated in either group of patients. Further studies performed with the Aerotest and Andersen air samplers confirmed that the levels of inspiratory-phase gas contamination were low in both groups. In addition, quantitative analysis of colonization of the tubing demonstrated no significant increase in colonization between 24 and 48 hours. The absence of a significant difference in inspiratory phase-gas contamination or tubing colonization suggests that ventilator tubing need be changed only every 48 hours. PMID- 7043270 TI - Perspectives in iron metabolism. PMID- 7043271 TI - Membranes, myelin, and the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7043272 TI - Who needs Medicaid? AB - Faced by a worsening economy and a powerful public mandate to decrease taxes and non-defense government expenditures, many are calling for additional cuts in spending for Medicaid-a large, not very popular program that pays for the medical care of many of the nation's poor. Available evidence suggests that Medicaid has been far more valuable than is commonly realized: It serves a broad cross-section of the American people, its adoption coincides with major improvements in the health of Americans, and its costs per recipient are about the same as the costs of care per person for all Americans of similar age. Not widely recognized is the program's importance to the financial well-being (if not the very survival) of any major teaching hospitals and the majority of nursing homes in this country. Public and professional awareness of the accomplishments of this program may be a crucial factor in determining whether the cuts will spare many of the gains in access to medical care that have been made during the past two decades. If we do not wish to reduce needed medical services to the poor, health-care institutions and health professionals will have to cooperate with each other and with the government in developing less costly ways of delivering high-quality care. PMID- 7043274 TI - Captopril. PMID- 7043273 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 26-1982. Hypercalcemia 10 months after chemotherapy for lymphoma. PMID- 7043275 TI - Bacterial resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 7043276 TI - Studies on mutagenic and carcinogenic N-substituted aryl compounds: cosmetics and drugs. AB - We aimed our studies toward gaining an understanding of some of the reactions and pathways involved in the metabolism and activation of the aromatic diamines used in hair dyes and of phenacetin used in analgesic mixtures. Comparison of the data obtained from human and animal tissues established that animal tissues can serve as suitable models for evaluation of the activity of these compounds in humans. PMID- 7043277 TI - Mutagenicity of N-substituted aryl compounds in microbial systems. PMID- 7043278 TI - A new model for nitrogen control. PMID- 7043279 TI - Evidence for the presence of S-100 protein in the glial component of the human enteric nervous system. PMID- 7043280 TI - [Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine 1981: new insights into the functional organization of the cerebral cortex]. PMID- 7043281 TI - Chemical carcinogenesis -- the price for DNA - repair? AB - This essay examines the possibility of merging the mutation theory of cancer with the hypothesis that cancer is a change in the state of the differentiation of cells. It is suggested that during normal development DNA rearrangements occur, concerning genes which code for differentiation specific cell communication proteins. These proteins are responsible for the proper functioning of growth control in a multicellular organism. DNA-damaging agents - mutagens - induce DNA repair enzymes, some of which may catalyse illegitimate genome rearrangements, thus leading to a change of the balance between growth and differentiation. A cell with a selective advantage may arise and become the origin of a tumor. PMID- 7043282 TI - Bioluminescent measurement of ATP for the rapid detection of positive blood cultures. PMID- 7043283 TI - Etiologic studies on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli among isolates from domestic animals in Japan. PMID- 7043284 TI - Vero cytotoxin produced by Escherichia coli strains of animal origin. AB - A heat-labile Vero cytotoxin (VT) was detected by the Vero cell assay in the culture supernatants of ten Escherichia coli strains isolated from a variety of clinical sources. The VT titer varied with strains, ranging from 1:8 to 1:2,048. No VT was found to be cytotoxic for Y1 mouse adrenal cells or to induce fluid accumulation in the rabbit or porcine ileal loops. No strains produced a heat labile enterotoxin as defined by either tissue culture or the standard ileal loop reaction. Three strains originated from piglets with diarrhea were confirmed by the infant mouse reaction to produce a heat-stable enterotoxin. Neutralization studies revealed antigenically the presence of two different forms of VT produced by E. coli strains of animal origin. PMID- 7043285 TI - Indirect immunoperoxidase technique for the assay of antibodies against Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae in chicken serum. AB - The indirect immunoperoxidase technique (IIP) was applied to the assay of antibodies against Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae in chicken serum by using colonies grown on the agar plate as antigen. the sensitivity and the specificity of IIP were evaluated by the use of sera from experimentally infected, filed, and SPF Chickens. As compared with tube agglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests, IIP was highly effective and specific for detecting antibodies against M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae. PMID- 7043286 TI - Civil war medicine in North Carolina. PMID- 7043287 TI - [Prof. D. Durrer, cardiologist and man of science]. PMID- 7043288 TI - Wound management and the legacy of H. Winnett Orr. PMID- 7043289 TI - [Clinical, neuropathological and pathogenetic aspects of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a series of 40 histologically proved cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043290 TI - The living related renal donor: pre-operative considerations. PMID- 7043291 TI - [Anastomosis of the extra- and intracranial arteries by a microneurosurgical method in 50 cases of cerebral ischemic syndrome]. AB - The results of treatment of cerebral ischaemic syndromes by a microneurosurgical method in 50 patients are reported. Modifications of the surgical technique in cases of anastomosis of the external temporal artery to the cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery are discussed. The modification includes application of an original stabilizing-haemostatic clip for anastomosing the vessels end-to side in microneurosurgery, and the use of continuous suture in place of the mostly used single sutures. This makes possible obtaining anastomoses providing optimal conditions for blood flow and being more resistant to the action of factors which could lead to occlusion of vessels. PMID- 7043292 TI - [Temporal lobe epilepsy during the growth stage treated by amygdalotomy and hippocampotomy]. AB - The authors describe the results of stereotaxis treatment of epileptic patients with behaviour disturbances in developmental age. The indications to surgical treatment were established on the basis of stereo-EEG investigations. For the analysis 20 patients were selected and divided into two groups depending on the state of mental efficiency. Surgical treatment included selective amygdalotomy and hippocampotomy in different variants. The analysis of this material showed that the clinical improvement was greatest in patients with short period of epilepsy duration and with IQ above 90. This suggests that patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with behaviour disturbances in developmental age should be referred for stereo-EEG investions and stereotactic treatment possibly early. PMID- 7043294 TI - [Neurosurgery at the National Hospital, Queen Square, and Prof. L. Symon]. PMID- 7043293 TI - [Severe motor disturbance syndrome in Wilson's disease successfully treated by a stereotaxic method]. PMID- 7043295 TI - [Possible role of microthrombus in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm (author's transl)]. AB - Our previous experimental and clinical studies yielded the following results: CSF flow around the subarachnoid vessels is often interrupted by subarachnoid clots; anaerobical incubation of CSF-blood mixture led to a marked fall in the pH value; the vasocontractility of anaerobically incubated CSF-blood mixtures was greater than that of aerobically incubated samples; vasocontraction induced by anaerobically incubated samples was inhibited to a far greater extent the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor meclofenamic acid than by phenoxybenzamine; cases of asymptomatic marked angiographical vasospasm or of cerebral ischemia with relatively slight angiographical vasospasm were not rarely encountered. Those results lead us to a hypothesis that, in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm, subarachnoid focal acidosis resulting from anaerobical changes of subarachnoid clots may be factor upsetting the balance of the synthesis of TXA2 and PGI2 from PG endoperoxides on the inner surface of cerebral arteries, in favor of TXA2--which plays a role in arterial contraction and in thrombosing with platelet aggregation. On this basis we have been testing the administrations of trapidil, an antagonist and selective synthesis inhibitor of TXA2, in 20 consecutive suitable cases so far, for the prevention of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal rupture. Angiographical vasospasm was seen in 9 of the 20 cases, but no signs of cerebral ischemia were detected in 7 of the 9 cases, either clinically or in CT scan. The importance of thrombus formation by platelet aggregation in symptomatic vasospasm are thus suggested. PMID- 7043296 TI - [Dermatoplasty for extensive scalp defect (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043297 TI - Effects of acetylcholine injection into the hypothalamus on the insulin and glucagon release. AB - To evaluate the role of cholinergic neurones within the hypothalamus in modulating pancreatic-endocrine function, plasma levels of glucagon, insulin and glucose were measured after microinjection of acetylcholine into the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) of rabbits. Injection of acetylcholine (5 X 10(-8) mol in 2 microliter of saline) into the VMH of unanesthetized, unrestrained animals resulted in a prompt elevation of immunoreactive glucagon and glucose levels without any significant change in immunoreactive insulin level. The suppression of insulin secretion following cholinergic stimulation of the VMH was not counteracted by intravenous infusion of glucose (0.25 g/kg). Bilateral adrenalectomy prevented both hyperglucagonemia and hyperglycemia induced by the acetylcholine injection into the VMH. In adrenalectomized rabbits, exogenous glucose load was followed by a significant rise in the plasma insulin level despite the hypothalamic injection of acetylcholine. However, the response of insulin release to glucose load in these animals was much less than in adrenalectomized, saline-treated, control animals. These data support the conclusion that the action of acetylcholine within the hypothalamus on the pancreatic hormone secretions is mediated to a large part through sympatho adrenomedullary activity. However, a part of the decreased insulin response to glucose may be mediated by direct innervation of the pancreas. PMID- 7043298 TI - Characterization of estrogen stimuli sufficient to initiate cyclic luteinizing hormone release in acutely ovariectomized rats. AB - Estradiol (E)-filled Silastic capsules were implanted subcutaneously to characterize the estrogen stimulus sufficient to initiate cyclic LH secretion in female rats ovariectomized on diestrus 1 of the estrous cycle. Such capsules elevate preoptic area, hypothalamic and hypophysial cell nuclear estrogen receptor levels to proestrous values within 1/2 h following insertion; upon removal of the capsules, nuclear receptor levels decline monotonically to ovariectomized control levels by 8 h in brain and 12 h in pituitary. Three parameters of the E stimulus were studied: latent period, duration, and continuity. E stimuli, short in duration (7-12 h) and discontinuous in nature (3 h pulses 12 or 15 h apart), effectively stimulated LH surges on "proestrus'. However, these stimuli had to begin 30 h prior to the onset of LH release. Such a latent period for estrogen action was not observed when we monitored the ability of the same E stimuli to enhance pituitary responsiveness to GnRH. These studies demonstrate that the "rate-limiting step' for estrogen's positive feedback action is located within the estrogen-sensitive brain circuits controlling GnRH release and defines the temporal characteristics of E stimuli activating these circuits. PMID- 7043299 TI - Evidence that the mediobasal hypothalamus is involved in serotonergic stimulation of renin secretion. AB - The effect of the serotonin-releasing drug parachloroamphetamine (PCA) on plasma renin activity was studied in rats 4 days after surgical lesions of the mediobasal hypothalamus, anterolateral deafferentation of the mediobasal hypothalamus, posterolateral deafferentation, or hypophysectomy. PCA increased plasma renin activity in sham-operated rats, but it failed to increase plasma renin activity in rats with mediobasal hypothalamic lesions or posterolateral deafferentation. The response to PCA was unaffected by anterolateral deafferentation and enhanced by hypophysectomy. There were no significant differences in plasma renin activity in lesioned, deafferented, and hypophysectomized rats injected with saline. The data indicate that the mediobasal hypothalamus is part of the pathway by which central serotonergic neurons affect renin secretion, and that the effect is not mediated via hormones of the pituitary gland. PMID- 7043300 TI - Methadone blocks dopamine-mediated release of gonadotropins in rat hypothalamus. AB - In the present study the effect of methadone (M) on gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the rat hypothalamus was investigated. The specificity of the M effect was demonstrated by injecting M (100 ng) and the M antagonist, naloxone (5 ng), into the ventromedial hypothalamus. A significant drop in the blood testosterone level (p less than 0.05) 15 min following M injection and reversal following naloxone administration suggest a decrease in synthesis or release of LHRH. To determine whether the LHRH response to dopamine (DA) is altered by M, studies were conducted in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro study hypothalami were incubated with M (10(-7) M), DA (10(-7) M), DA plus M, and DA plus M plus naloxone. Supernatants from the incubate were used to coincubate pituitaries in order to study the effect on luteinizing hormone release. Treatment of the hypothalamus with M had no effect on basal but inhibited the DA-stimulated release of LHRH. For the in vivo study rats were pretreated with decarboxylase inhibitor (RO4-4602) followed by treatment per kilogram body weight with M (10 mg), L-dopa (1, 10, and 100 mg), L-dopa plus M, LHRH (500 ng), and M plus LHRH. M had no effect on the LHRH-induced increase in testosterone levels, whereas the L dopa-induced increase in testosterone was blunted by M treatment. It is concluded that M blocks the DA-mediated release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the rat hypothalamus. PMID- 7043301 TI - 24-hour rhythm of hypothalamic melatonin immunofluorescence correlates with serum and retinal melatonin rhythms. AB - The 24-hour rhythm of retinal and hypothalamic melatonin immunofluorescence was determined in male albino rats and compared to the 24-hour rhythm of serum melatonin determined by radioimmunoassay. Under a 12-hour (0:00-12:00): 12-hour dark cycle, the 24-hour rhythm of melatonin immunocytochemical fluorescence in the retina was biomodal (crests at 1:00 and 10:00-13:00). In serum, melatonin has a single crest late in the dark period (18:00). In the hypothalamus melatonin immunofluorescence showed increments corresponding to the crests in retina (13:00) and serum (18:00). In a 2-hour light: 22-hour dark cycle, the retinal rhythm was suppressed, the serum rhythm unchanged, and the hypothalamic rhythm had a single crest corresponding to the crest of the serum melatonin rhythm. These data indicate that the 24-hour hypothalamic rhythm of melatonin immunofluorescence may be secondary to the serum and retinal 24-hour rhythms of melatonin. PMID- 7043302 TI - The "myth' of involutional melancholia. PMID- 7043303 TI - Right brachial angiography with compression. Review of the literature. AB - A technique for performing right brachial angiography by compressing the right anterior-inferior part of the neck is proposed, as a result of studying the left carotid circulation without puncturing the left carotid artery. A success was obtained in about 75% of cases. The success of the technique depends mainly on the anatomical nature of the innominate artery. When the technique is successful both left carotid arteries in the neck and their intracranial branches can be satisfactorily visualized. In some cases visualization of the left vertebral artery was also obtained. Attention is drawn also on the increased diagnostic possibilities of studying the vessels in the neck with a greater dilution of the contrast medium. PMID- 7043304 TI - Clinical testing of iohexol, conray meglumine and amipaque in cerebral angiography. AB - Iohexol 300 mg I/ml, Conray meglumine 282 mg I/ml and Amipaque 300 mg I/ml have been compared in a randomized double-blind cross over study in which one injection of Iohexol 300 mg I/ml and Conray meglumine 282 mg I/ml was made in the same artery (common and internal carotid artery) of the same patient, and one injection of Iohexol 300 mg I/ml and Amipaque 300 mg I/ml was made in another artery (external carotid artery and vertebral artery). All together 63 cerebral artery branches were examined in 27 patients, who served as their own controls. The effect of the contrast injections on the intra-arterial blood pressure, pulse rate, ECG, circulatory rate and the patients' reactions were recorded under standardized conditions. The quality of the film was also evaluated. No significant difference was found in the cardiovascular effects after the injection of Iohexol or Conray meglumine into the common carotid or internal carotid. There was significantly less pain and sensation of warmth after the injection of Iohexol than after Conray meglumine 282. In the vertebral and the external carotid arteries, where a comparison between Iohexol and Amipaque was carried out, it was found that no significant difference in the cardiovascular effects occurred. There was less sensation of warmth after the injection of Amipaque into the vertebral artery than was caused by Iohexol. The degree of discomfort in form of pain reaction was the same for the two media, when these reactions occurred. No serious side effects were observed. PMID- 7043306 TI - CT control of stereotactic surgery in the diencephalon. PMID- 7043305 TI - Iopamidol (B 15000), a nonionic water-soluble contrast medium for neuroradiology. Part I: Results of a clinical trial for myelography. PMID- 7043307 TI - Cellular localization of the brain specific alpha 2-glycoprotein in rat cerebellum: an immunohistological study. AB - The cellular localization of the brain-specific, soluble, acidic alpha 2 glycoprotein was studied in rat cerebellum by using the immunoperoxidase technique at the light-and electron-microscopy levels with monospecific immune serum directed against this glycoprotein. Only astrocytes, their processes, and their end feet (subpial or perivascular) contained heavy immunoperoxidase reaction product. Cerebellar neurones, oligodendrocytes, myelin and blood vessel endothelia did not stain. Thus it appears that alpha 2-glycoprotein is an astrocyte marker. PMID- 7043309 TI - [Mechanical sutures in digestive tract surgery]. PMID- 7043308 TI - A new brain cell surface glycoprotein identified by monoclonal antibody. AB - Of 207 monoclonal antibodies produced against cultured mouse cerebellar cells, 16 reacted with cerebellar cell surfaces and 4 reacted with glycoproteins. One of them, called an anti-BSP-3 (Brain cell Surface Protein-3) defines a 48,000 molecular weight protein which can be iodinated at the surface of cultured cerebellar cells. Lectin-binding and sugar incorporation studies established the glycoprotein nature of the antigen. Astroglia (glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells) in primary cerebellar cultures were labelled intensely for this antigen by the indirect immunofluorescence method while neuronal cells and their processes were more weakly labelled. Fibronectin-positive cells were negative for BSP-3. In cerebellar sections using the immunoperoxidase method at both the optical and electron microscope levels, the difference in staining intensity between astrocytes and neuronal cells was not significant: in Purkinje cells and in the large neurones present in the deep cerebellar nuclei the immunoperoxidase percipitate was confined to the plasma, membrane while in both astrocytes and granule cells cytoplasmic labelling was also observed. Oligodendrocytes do not appear to react with the anti-BSP-3 monoclonal antibody; neither do endothelial or leptomeningeal cells. The availability of a monoclonal antibody produced by a stable hybridoma line will be a powerful tool in attempts to purify the BSP-3 antigen and to elucidate its function. PMID- 7043310 TI - [Experimental studies on the use of the mechanical suture device in bronchial stump closure]. PMID- 7043312 TI - The transplant coordinator: an answer to the shortage of cadaveric donor kidneys? PMID- 7043311 TI - [Use of arginine thiazolidine carboxylate in the treatment of chronic hepatitis. Preliminary findings]. PMID- 7043313 TI - [Pediatric aspects of chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7043314 TI - [Toxoplasmosis. Epidemiology, clinical aspects and diagnosis]. PMID- 7043315 TI - [Immunodeficiencies and lymphomas]. PMID- 7043316 TI - [Radiotherapy of non-Hodgkin lymphomas]. PMID- 7043317 TI - [Acute adult respiratory distress in a gram-negative infection. Clinical contribution]. AB - The adult respiratory distress syndrome in major complication of hospitalized patients. The therapeutic role of intravenous albumin, diuretics, corticosteroids and oxygen administration is yet doubtful. The Authors, after a description of pathogenetic, histological and clinical aspects of the syndrome, report a case occurred at their observation; it is showed the important role of intravascular coagulopathy and reversible ECG alterations, and the therapeutic valve of positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEP). PMID- 7043318 TI - [Historically assembled profile of diabetic disease (from Ebers' papyrus to Banting and Best)]. PMID- 7043319 TI - [Immunomorphological aspects of the kidney in liver cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 7043322 TI - [The effect of Emilio Trabucchi's pharmacology on surgical and parasurgical disciplines]. PMID- 7043321 TI - [Immunological aspects of various medico-surgical diseases]. PMID- 7043320 TI - [Current findings in progressive systemic sclerosis]. PMID- 7043323 TI - [Mouse rosettes in the differential diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders]. PMID- 7043324 TI - [Cyclofenil inhibits the secretion and release of prolactin in the puerperium]. PMID- 7043325 TI - Post-natal ontogenesis of calmodulin and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase subunits in the Purkinje cell using immunofluorescence. AB - Specific immunofluorescent techniques were utilized to demonstrate the regulatory (RI and RII) and catalytic (C) subunits of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and calmodulin, in the rat cerebellar Purkinje cell during post-natal ontogenesis. Whereas these second messenger receptor proteins were not detectable at 5 days, an increase in staining intensity occurred from this time until adult levels and distribution were attained at 25 days. Differences in immunofluorescent staining were noted between these proteins during ontogenesis. The relationship of these immunocytochemical changes to synaptogenesis and cellular maturation are discussed, including possible interactions between cyclic AMP and calcium messenger systems. PMID- 7043326 TI - Cultivation of mouse cerebellar cells in serum free, hormonally defined media: survival of neurons. AB - A hormonally defined medium is described which facilitates the survival of small neurons in primary cultures of mouse cerebellum. The defined medium consists of bovine serum albumin, insulin, transferrin, selenium, thyroxine, and the protease inhibitor aprotinin. About 95% of all cells were identified as neurons using tetanus toxin as a marker in an immunocytochemical assay. They survive for more than 4 weeks, showing a tendency to grow in cell clusters with a dense network of processes. The remaining cells (approximately 5%) were identified as astrocytes by their expression of vimentin and GFA protein and the lack of expression of fibronectin. PMID- 7043327 TI - "...to care for him who shall have borne the battle" - the Veterans Administration today. PMID- 7043328 TI - How agencies can appeal denied Medicare claims. PMID- 7043329 TI - Associate degree nursing programs accredited by the NLN 1981-82. PMID- 7043330 TI - Roberts Bartholow. In search of anatomic localization. PMID- 7043331 TI - Annual address, delivered before the Medical Society of the State of New York, February 8, 1837, by James M'Naughton, M.D., president of the society. PMID- 7043332 TI - Chronic myelocytic leukemia: treatment and biology. PMID- 7043333 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobin: an overview of a series of clinical studies. AB - A series of studies on the clinical relevance of chromatographically determined glycosylated haemoglobins is presented. Both whole blood samples and haemolysates were stable at 5 degrees C for up to two weeks. Prolonged storage required temperatures less than -80 degrees C. Haemoglobin (Hb) AIc percent values in non diabetic subjects ranged from 4.0 to 6.0 percent (mean +/- 2 SD). HbAIc percent values proved to be as stable in diabetic as non-diabetic subjects on repetitive sampling over a three month period. A dissociable component was not observed in any of 78 samples. HbAIc percent values of carbohydrate intolerant subjects (n = 18) were not distinguishable from those in non-diabetic subjects. A close correlation was observed between HbAIc percent and the mean of multiple capillary glucose samples in 37 insulin dependent diabetic subjects. In clinical practice HbAic percent proved to be a stable objective measure of blood glucose concentrations in diabetic patients--the major present need is for a simple reliable technique of measurement. PMID- 7043334 TI - Death by volcano. PMID- 7043335 TI - Routine role induced stress. PMID- 7043336 TI - The patient compliance puzzle. PMID- 7043337 TI - Association of hypoparathyroidism and successful pregnancy in kidney transplant recipient. AB - The course of a successful pregnancy in a kidney transplant recipient suffering from hypoparathyroidism is reported. The infant, born at 34 weeks' gestation, had normocalcemia and transient hyperparathyroidism. Maternal hypocalcemic attacks are liable to occur in the third trimester. Close observation with adequate supplements of calcium and vitamin D derivatives are required. Enhancement of fetal lung maturation and early delivery are advocated as effective treatment for the increasing frequency of hypocalcemic seizures. PMID- 7043338 TI - Bacterial growth-inhibiting activity in polyhydramnios. PMID- 7043339 TI - Cisplatin chemotherapy for disseminated endometrial cancer. AB - Twenty-six women with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer were treated with cisplatin at a dose of 50, 70, or 100 mg/m2 every 4 weeks. An objective response was obtained in 11 of 26 patients (42%), with 10 partial responses and 1 complete response. The median duration of remission was 5 months, with a range of 2 to 11 months. The complete response lasted 8 months. Five patients had stable disease lasting an average of 5 months. One of 6 patients (16.6%) responded to cisplatin at a dose of 50 mg/m2, 4 of 7 (57%) responded to the dose of 70 mg/m2, and 6 of 13 (46%) responded to the dose of 100 mg/m2, but the differences were not statistically significant (P = .2). In 8 of 26 cases (31%) cisplatin was discontinued because of toxicity. Three patients developed a peripheral neuropathy, 1 patient refused further therapy because of vomiting, 2 patients had nephrotoxicity, and 2 others had both nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. The average total cumulative dose of cisplatin administered when renal deterioration and neuropathy occurred was approximately 500 mg/m2. Cisplatin is definitely active against endometrial cancer, but toxicity precludes its prolonged administration in high doses on an outpatient basis. By maintaining a forced diuresis, toxicity can probably be decreased, thereby permitting continued administration of cisplatin. The drug may also be more useful when used at a lower dose in combination with other active agents against endometrial cancer. PMID- 7043340 TI - A trial of prophylactic cefamandole in extended gynecologic surgery. AB - A double-blind randomized trial of antibiotic prophylaxis was performed with 49 patients undergoing extended pelvic surgery for adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. In this series infections of the Hemovac drain site(s) were most common (8 of 10 infections); only 1 serious infection, pelvic cellulitis, occurred. Short-term perioperative cefamandole therapy significantly reduced infections and febrile morbidity in these patients as compared with patients who received a placebo. The average postoperative hospital stay for patients in the cefamandole group was 1 day less than for patients in the placebo group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The presence of 10 colony-forming units or more of a potential pathogen in lymph fluid collected through the Hemovac drains correlated with clinical infection. The low incidence of serious infection in this study precludes any conclusion regarding the impact of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing serious infection after operation for gynecologic malignancy. PMID- 7043341 TI - Intracervical application of prostaglandin gel for induction of term labor. AB - A new gel for local application of prostaglandins has been elaborated. The new gel, based on a lyophilized prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) starch powder, seems to have solved most of the pharmaceutical and clinical problems associated with local administration of prostaglandins. In a randomized double-blind study, 50 nulliparous patients with an unfavorable cervical state at term were given 2 ml gel containing 0.5 mg PGE2 (PGE2 gel) or gel without PGE2 (placebo gel). The gel was deposited into the cervical canal. Among patients given PGE2 gel, 11 of 25 had induced labor, delivering without further stimulation within 24 hours. In patients given placebo gel, 2 of 25 were delivered with 24 hours. This difference is statistically significant (P less than .01). Patients undelivered after treatment with PGE2 gel achieved a considerable and statistically significant improvement of cervical score, whereas in patients in whom labor was not induced successfully by placebo gel treatment no significant changes in cervical score were registered. In a subsequent open study another 70 term patients of varied parity were given 0.5 mg PGE2 gel. Thirty-eight patients (54%) had successfully induced labor. Among the remaining undelivered patients, considerable ripening of the cervix occurred. Thus, the cervical score changed from a mean of 3.2 prior to treatment to a mean of 6.5 by 24 hours after treatment. Gastrointestinal discomforts were not observed. Signs of uterine hyperstimulation were registered in 1 patient. PMID- 7043342 TI - Lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio in pregnancies complicated by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - One hundred forty-one samples of amniotic fluid in 105 pregnancies from 95 insulin-dependent diabetics were analyzed for the lecithin:sphingomyelin (L:S) ratio. Fetal pulmonary maturity seemed to progress at a normal rate. The mean L:S ratio was not significantly different in diabetic and nondiabetic patients at various stages of gestation. Only 3 cases of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were observed in 77 infants with an L:S ratio of 2.0 or more delivered of diabetic mothers within 72 hours of amniocentesis. This 3.9% incidence of RDS in infants of diabetic mothers with L:S ratios of more than 2.0 was not significantly higher than the 1.5% incidence in the nondiabetic mothers. It is concluded that by using the method of Gluck, an L:S ratio of 2.0 or greater at 36 weeks' gestation or later is a reliable indicator of fetal lung maturity in insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies, and abdominal delivery after 36 weeks' gestation does not increase the risk of RDS in a diabetic pregnancy with an L:S ratio at 2.0 or more. PMID- 7043343 TI - Reliability of endometrial aspiration cytology in the assessment of endometrial status. AB - One hundred twenty women attending routine gynecologic clinics were investigated by endometrial aspiration cytology to determine whether outpatient assessment of endometrial status could be used to determine subsequent patient management. The results show that this technique allows recognition and distinction between cystic hyperplasia, adenomatous hyperplasia, and carcinoma, and the time of the menstrual cycle can be assessed when the endometrium is normal. Endometrial aspiration cytology is valuable in gynecologic practice for determining which women with abnormal bleeding, both premenopausal and postmenopausal, require further investigation. Furthermore, the technique has a role to play in monitoring the status of the endometrium in women at high risk of endometrial malignancy, particularly those receiving hormone replacement therapy. PMID- 7043344 TI - Medical management of mammary dysplasia. AB - As a primary care physician for women, the gynecologist frequently is faced with management of patients who have benign breast disease. Mammary dysplasia, or fibrocystic disease, clinically presents a difficult management problem, both in terms of relieving the patients' symptomatology and of detecting occult malignancy. Traditionally, diuretics, salt restriction, and hormone therapies have been recommended. Recently, data concerning nutritional impact on this disease process, including methylxanthine restriction and tocopherol therapy, have been reported. New, effective pharmacologic agents also are now available. This article reviews the efficacy of these therapeutic regimens and recommends a rational approach for the management of patients with mammary dysplasia. PMID- 7043346 TI - Fetal preejection period. PMID- 7043345 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics for cesarean section: comparison of high- and low-risk patients for endomyometritis. AB - The efficacy of ticarcillin in the prevention of post-cesarean section endomyometritis was studied in 259 women randomly given either the antibiotic or a placebo. The ticarcillin group received 6 g intravenously immediately after delivery. Then 22 of those patients were also given a second 3-g dose 6 to 8 hours after delivery. Among the 139 patients who received ticarcillin, endomyometritis developed in 44 (32%), as it did in 66 of 120 patients (55%) in the placebo group. These differences are highly significant (P = .002). Of the 259 patients in the study, 238 could be classified as to risk for endomyometritis developing. Among the 124 high-risk patients, 52 received a placebo and endomyometritis developed in 71%. Only 26 of the 72 high-risk patients who received ticarcillin (36%) were so infected. Among the low-risk patients, endomyometritis developed in 10 of 54 patients (18.5%) who received prophylaxis and in 24 of 60 patients who received placebo (40%). Ticarcillin appears to be effective in reducing the incidence of post-cesarean section endomyometritis in patients at high risk and in those at low risk. The number of pelvic examinations during labor was the most important single factor in the development of endomyometritis. PMID- 7043347 TI - Dr. John Judge and the Shroud of Turin. PMID- 7043348 TI - [Dissection of the sclera in Arruga's operation]. PMID- 7043349 TI - [Regeneration characteristics of sutured wounds of the iris]. PMID- 7043351 TI - [Experience with the dispensary observation of uveitis patients]. PMID- 7043350 TI - [Immunological studies in intraocular tumors]. PMID- 7043352 TI - Primary tumors of the aorta: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A patient with an unusual vascular tumor, an angiosarcoma of the upper abdominal aorta, is described. The clinical, radiologic and pathologic features of this case along with 19 previously reported cases of primary aortic tumor are discussed. Primary aortic neoplasms are uncommon. They are histologically and morphologically diverse tumors in which major vascular obstruction and arterial tumor embolization dominates the clinical picture. At present, aortography combined with computerized tomography offer the best means of preoperative diagnosis. PMID- 7043353 TI - Relevance of lipids to heterotransplantation of human malignancies. AB - Although the transplantation of human neoplasms in immunodeficient mice is now a well-established procedure, the majority of primary malignancies cannot be successfully maintained for long periods of time in adult athymic (nude) and asplenic-athymic (lasat) mice. Various lipids such as cholesterol, cholesterol oleate, stearic and palmitic acid esters markedly depress the RES phagocytic activity and immunocompetence of mammals. In view of the immunosuppressive properties of certain lipids and in order to graft and grow as many tumors as possible, further studies into the effects of lipids on the growth of heterotransplanted human tumors is warranted. Lipids may enhance local growth and facilitate the development of metastases rarely seen in nude and lasat mice bearing xenogeneic cancer cells. Lipids may accelerate human malignant cell proliferation in mice by both depressing further the defense of host and modifying the cancer cell membrane. The relationship of lipids to the onset and progression of 'spontaneous' tumors in humans is not known. PMID- 7043354 TI - Comparison and reliability of techniques for measuring leakage and marginal penetration. AB - A new method for assessment of leakage and marginal penetration was developed. The new electrochemical technique employs zero resistance ammetry, and rapid quantitative results can be obtained over a long period of time. The purpose of the study was to compare the reliability of this method of assessment of leakage versus the autoradiographic and dye penetration techniques. The electrochemical data showed that there is a very sharp increase in the penetration during the first 10 days and that maximum leakage occurred on days 11 to 14 of immersion, after which electric flow remained constant. The correlation of the electric readings with the evaluations obtained with the dye penetration and autoradiographic technique was r = 0.46 and r = 0.52, respectively. The correlation was especially correct at the two extreme ends of the electric score ranges. PMID- 7043355 TI - [Oral retinoid therapy in dermatoses]. PMID- 7043356 TI - [Advances in chemotherapy]. PMID- 7043357 TI - [Centenary of the death of Theodor Schwann]. PMID- 7043358 TI - [Overall collection of international obstetrical data (in the footsteps of Tauffer)]. PMID- 7043359 TI - [Dermatovenereology from Hebra to the present time]. PMID- 7043360 TI - [The role of female religious nursing orders in Hungarian hospitals (1867-1918)]. PMID- 7043361 TI - [The 125-year-old Orvosi Hetilap and the evolution of modern surgery. What are the current trends in surgery?]. PMID- 7043362 TI - [Cimetidine therapy of hemorrhage caused by acute ulcerative lesions]. PMID- 7043363 TI - [Contradictions in the history of genetics]. PMID- 7043364 TI - [Commemoration of Jozsef Sos in Oroshaza (20-21 November 1981)]. PMID- 7043365 TI - [The effect of continuous positive pressure respiration on kidney function in premature infants]. PMID- 7043366 TI - [Advances in ophthalmology since the days of Helmholtz]. PMID- 7043367 TI - [The 1981 Nobel prize in medicine]. PMID- 7043368 TI - [35 years of Austrian Nursing Association--Durability of a mission or an evolution]. PMID- 7043369 TI - The Marton Lecture: ultrasound in ophthalmic optics. AB - A personal tribute to H. B. Marton is given, together with an outline of some of his achievements. The use of ultrasound for visualization through optically opaque areas due to various abnormal ocular conditions is described. Measurement of the eye with its relationship to refraction and the calculation of the power of a lens implant is considered. The help that ultrasonography can offer to the ophthalmic optician is illustrated with A- and B-scan traces. PMID- 7043371 TI - [Clinical experiences with Ketalar used for evoked response audiometry in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043370 TI - [On anatomical varieties of cochlear aqueduct in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043372 TI - [A case of aspergillosis involving the frontal sinus and orbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043373 TI - [Computer tomography in otolaryngology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043374 TI - Problems related to treatment of beta-thalassaemia major. AB - New developments in the symptomatic treatment of beta-thalassaemia major are expected to improve the quality of life and survival of the patients. However, there are still many problems related to the clinical management of the patients due to the severity of the disease per se and the complications of blood transfusion and iron overload. Some of the problems related to the treatment of hypersplenism, post-transfusion complications, bone manifestations, hormonal deficiencies and haemosiderosis are reviewed in the light of recent investigations. PMID- 7043375 TI - Agricultural poisons and children. PMID- 7043376 TI - Treatment of phantom limb pain with TENS. PMID- 7043377 TI - O antigen loss by semi-rough E. coli causing recurrent urinary infections, analysed by gel column filtration and gas-liquid chromatography. AB - The surface polysaccharides of Escherichia coli isolated from 6 patients with recurrent urinary infection were studied serologically and chemically. In 4 patients multiple isolates were obtained. The first isolate from each of these patients was a smooth strain which could be serotyped with O antisera. The second isolates from 3 of these patients, obtained at intervals of 1-6 wk, were semi rough strains. They could not be serotyped after culture on nutrient agar but could be serotyped after subculture on blood agar. In each patient the serotype remained the same. Gel column filtration of the polysaccharides, and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) of the trimethyl-silylated sugars showed that smooth strains carried a preponderance of O-specific carbohydrate with little core carbohydrate. The semi-rough strains had lost nearly all their O-specific carbohydrate. The change from smooth to semi-rough involved the progressive loss of full length O specific side-chains rather than a widespread 'shortening' of these side-chains. In patients chronically infected with the same strain of E. coli it has been shown that GLC analysis of the carbohydrates of different isolates of the same strain in one patient will vary because often the strain will undergo a smooth to semi-rough or rough variation. This variation indicates that GLC analysis of extracted carbohydrates would often not be able to determine whether multiple isolates of E. coli from one patient were the same or different strains. PMID- 7043378 TI - Haemopoietic inhibitors in aplastic anaemia--a review. PMID- 7043379 TI - Cerebral abscess caused by Cladosporium bantianum. Case report. AB - A case is presented of a cerebral abscess in a 59-yr-old woman caused by the dematiaceous fungus Cladosporium bantianum (Sacc.) Borelli (= Cladosporium trichoides Emmons). The morphological and physiological properties of the isolate and its pathogenicity for experimental animals were investigated and compared with some other Cladosporium species. The neurotropism exhibited by C. bantianum in human infections was found also in the test animals. Despite surgical excision and therapy with the antifungal drugs amphotericin B and flucytosine, the case had a fatal outcome, the patient dying from a pulmonary embolism 6 mth after the onset of symptoms. The clinical entity of central nervous system infections by dematiaceous fungi is discussed in relation to the present case. PMID- 7043380 TI - Obituary: Walter Georg Andreas Sandritter, 7 July 1920-12 November 1980. PMID- 7043381 TI - [Comparison of dubious and positive cervical cytological examinations for neoplasms and correlated histological examinations made 1970-1980 at the Savona Hospital]. PMID- 7043382 TI - Human milk and breast feeding: an update on the state of the art. PMID- 7043383 TI - Studies on human milk III. Secretory IgA quantity and antibody levels against Escherichia coli in colostrum and milk from underprivileged and privileged mothers. AB - We studied the milk content of secretory IgA (SIgA) and of specific IgA antibodies to E. coli in relation to volume, in 24 h samples from mothers belonging to different socio-economic groups and living under different ecologic conditions in Ethiopia, Guatemala and Sweden. There were no statistically significant differences in the daily output of milk SIgA among the population groups investigated at different times after onset of lactation. There was, however, a certain trend towards lower SIgA levels among the Guatemalan poor women, compared to the corresponding privileged one (Tables 2 and 3). Three days after delivery the underprivileged Ethiopian mothers showed significantly lower antibody levels than the privileged Ethiopian. These differences were no longer seen when the values were corrected for differences in volume (Table 5). One month after delivery, the levels of SIgA antibodies in milk from Swedish women and Guatemalan privileged women, against a pool of eight E. coli somatic antigens were comparable; these two groups of mothers had significantly higher antibody levels than the Guatemalan rural and urban ones (Table 4). The same pattern was observed after correction for differences in 24 h volumes (Table 5). At 3 months after delivery, the Guatemalan urban privileged women, again showed higher levels and daily output of antibodies against the E. coli antigens than the urban poor and rural mothers (Tables 4 and 5). The milk samples taken from a population where malnutrition is evident, i.e., mothers from Santa Maria Cauque, did not show any changes in the levels of SIgA and the anti-E. coli antibodies 3, 6, 9 months after initiation of lactation. The data presented here provide evidence that chronically malnourished mothers are able to produce SIgA and transfer it to their offspring via breast milk. Furthermore, they do so in quantities that are comparable to those observed in well-nourished populations. There was a wide range of concentrations and daily output of SIgA and of specific antibodies in all groups, suggesting that some of the infants get less than others. The observed differences in levels of antibodies against E. coli may be explained by differences in exposure to E. coli strains of the eight serogroups studied here. The possibility of a deficiency in the SIgA antibody response in the undernourished mothers still remains unanswered. PMID- 7043384 TI - Role of hyaline membrane disease in production of later childhood lung abnormalities. AB - Between 1961 and 1970, 177 survivors of hyaline membrane disease have been followed clinically and roentgenologically for a minimum of three years to determine the long-term pulmonary outcome. Of these, 153 have been seen for at least six years and 61, for 11 years or more. A total of 175 batteries of pulmonary function tests have been performed on 129 children at age 7 and/or 11 years, Final roentgenograms showed fibrosis in 12 instances, and these changes were positively correlated with the severity of the initial disease, the use of a positive pressure respirator (but not negative pressure respirator), time on the respirator, and length of time in O2, but not high O2 concentrations. Residual symptoms in the first years of life were also correlated with positive pressure respirator use, length of use, and with secondary infection. Pulmonary function tests showed minimal abnormalities in 12 children when last seen. None of these children had a history of exercise intolerance or chronic respiratory symptoms. The ultimate pulmonary history of this population of patients is unknown, but overt childhood lung disease following hyaline membrane disease is not a frequent occurrence. PMID- 7043385 TI - A prospective, randomized study of testosterone treatment of constitutional delay of growth and development in male adolescents. AB - The physiologic and psychological responses to androgen treatment of constitutional delay of growth and development were prospectively evaluated in 16 male adolescents, aged 14 to 17 years. Subjects were randomly assigned to a course of testosterone enanthate, 200 mg administered intramuscularly four times at three-week intervals or to observation. At one-year follow-up all subjects in the testosterone group exhibited excellent growth: 7.2 to 11.6 cm/yr (mean 9.2 cm/yr). Growth in control subjects was highly variable: 2.6 to 10.6 cm/yr (mean 6.0 cm/yr), significantly lower than that of the testosterone group (P less than .02). The mean annual increment in bone age was 1.1 years for both groups. The delta height age/delta bone age ratio was slightly higher in the testosterone group (1.3 vs 1.1) and the treated subjects had a 1.7-cm increase in predicted adult height. Both groups showed improved self-image, and treated subjects also exhibited dramatic increases in both school-related and extraschool social activity. A brief course of testosterone enanthate appears to be an effective, safe means of promoting growth in select male adolescents. PMID- 7043386 TI - Cognitive and behavioral knowledge about insulin-dependent diabetes among children and parents. AB - Youngster's knowledge about insulin-dependent diabetes was assessed across three domains: (1) general information; (2) problem solving and (3) skill at urine testing and self-injection. These youngster's parents completed the general information and problem-solving components of the assessment battery. All test instruments were showed good reliability. The test of problem solving was more difficult than the test of general information for both parents and patients. Mothers were more knowledgeable than fathers and children. Girls performed more accurately than boys, and older children obtained better scores than did younger children. Nevertheless, more than 80% of the youngsters made significant errors on urine testing and almost 40% made serious errors in self-injection. A number of other knowledge deficits were also noted. Duration of diabetes was not related to any of the knowledge measures. Intercorrelations between scores on the assessment instruments indicated that skill at urine testing or self-injection was not highly related to other types of knowledge about diabetes. Furthermore, knowledge in one content are was not usually predictive of knowledge in another content area. The results of this study emphasize the importance of measuring knowledge from several different domains. Patient variables such as sex and age need to be given further consideration in the development and use of patient educational programs. Regular assessment of patients' and parents' knowledge of all critical aspects of diabetes home management seems essential. PMID- 7043387 TI - Factitious hypoglycemia. PMID- 7043388 TI - Hand Test norms for disruptive black adolescent males. AB - The Hand Test (Wagner, 1962), 10 cards which portray hands in different positions, was administered individually to each of 51 black adolescent males of low socio-economic status. They had been referred for chronic disruptiveness in the classroom. Interscorer reliability was .88. The Acting-out Ratio exceeded high school norms. The Interpersonal-Environmental Response Ratio was significantly imbalanced toward the Interpersonal. Possible use of this ratio as a predictor of overt behavior should be studied. PMID- 7043390 TI - The new nurse - a career for all reasons. A counselor's/teacher's guide to nursing education and career opportunities. PMID- 7043389 TI - The autonomy of nursing practice. PMID- 7043391 TI - [Toxocara canis as a cause of visceral larva migrans. Survival and development of eggs in the environment and potential ways of transmission to man: a review]. AB - A review is given on the occurrence of Toxocariasis, the prevalence of T. canis among dogs and investigations on the prevalence of infective ova in soil- and sandsamples. The resistance of ascarid eggs and larvae against different environmental influences, including various sewage treatment-effects is discussed. The eggs are destroyed in 7 minutes when kept at 55 degrees C in a high humidity, slower when the humidity is lowered. When the temperature is -32 degrees C T. canis eggs are inactivated after 8 hours. Complete embryonation is reached in 4 days when the temperature is 30 degrees C. Potential ways of transmission to man are outlined (pica, vegetables, bathing etc.) and recommendations in order to prevent the disease are given such as deworming of dogs, methods to decimate occurrence of eggs in wastewater and sludge etc. PMID- 7043392 TI - [Hormonal adaptation to chronic self-starvation in patients with anorexia nervosa (author's transl)]. AB - An intravenous glucose tolerance test (glucose 0.33 g/kg bodyweight) was performed in 35 women with chronic anorexia nervosa (AN) and in 19 age-matched women of normal weight. Plasma free fatty acids (FFA), immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and growth hormone (GH) levels were measured before and after the test. Although the mean value of glucose disappearance rate K was significantly reduced in the patient group as compared with the control group, K was in fact normal (greater than or equal to 1.10 +/- 10(-2)) in 20 anorectic women (AN 1) and lowered in 15 (AN 2). The basal and post-stimulation IRI levels were decreased in all anorectic women, but particularly in the AN 2 group with impaired glucose tolerance. The glucose load elicited a striking rise in GH in patients of the AN 2 group, a slight increase in those of the AN 1 group and no change in women of the control group. FFA values before the test were high mainly in the AN 2 patients but the difference with reference values did not reach statistical significance owing to the large s.e.m. After the glucose load there was a similar decrease in FFA levels in all three groups, but levels in the AN 2 group remained significantly higher than in the control group. Hyposecretion of IRI and hypersecretion of GH may account for the impaired glucose tolerance observed in all patients of the AN 2 group. Both hormonal changes facilitate neoglucogenesis and lipolysis, thereby providing the energy substrates required for survival of the self-starved subjects. The anorectic women also had low plasma T3 enabling adjustment of the oxidative metabolism to the reduced food supply. PMID- 7043393 TI - [Immunofluorescence on Crithidia luciliae in the detection of anti-native DNA antibodies (author's transl)]. AB - Antibodies to double-stranded (native) DNA were detected in 886 sera by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) using Crithidia luciliae (CL) as substrate. Comparison with 208 sera tested by Farr's method showed that the IF-on-CL method was more sensitive and at least as specific to native DNA. Anti-native DNA antibodies were mostly found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Complement-binding antibodies of this kind were detected in sera with high titres (greater than or equal to 1/100) of antibodies belonging to the G, A and M groups of immunoglobulins. The IF-on-CL test is easier, cheaper, at least as specific and probably more sensitive than radioimmunoassays. It makes it possible to identify the Ig group to which the anti-native DNA antibodies belong and their ability to bind the complement. It deserves to be used as routine test for the detection of these antibodies and for their repeated titration in the follow-up of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7043394 TI - [Guiding tubes for transanal use of circular suture instruments (author's transl)]. AB - Guiding tubes of three different diameters with the corresponding "ghost heads" are of considerable help in rectal surgery, as they facilitate anorectal intubation, evacuation of residual gas after peroperative coloscopy and sub peritoneal dissection of the rectum opposite the future anastomotic line. After withdrawal of the ghost head and circular suture instrument selected (EEA, ILS or SPU) is introduced aseptically and without trauma through the tube, and the various adjustment markings of the EEA instrument can easily be checked at any moment during the last stages of anastomosis. PMID- 7043395 TI - [Dopaminergic hypersensitivity in migraine: a diagnostic test? (author's transl)]. AB - A dopaminergic agonist, piribedil, was administered by intravenous infusion (0.1 mg/kg over 30 minutes) to 20 patients known to suffer from migraine and 20 subject free from any kind of headache. Neither changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), as measured by the 33Xenon inhalation technique, nor peripheral side effects were noted in the control group. Patients with migraine exhibited an 18 p. cent increase in CBF and a 32 p. cent decrease in mean arterial pressure and rapidly developed nausea severe enough to discontinue the infusion in most cases. Prior administration of domperidone, a neuroleptic drug which does not cross the blood-brain barrier, suppressed the nausea and fall in blood pressure but had no effect on the increase in CBF. This study confirms the existence of central and peripheral hypersensitivity to dopaminergic agents in patients with migraine. The piribedil test could be used to distinguish genuine migraine from ordinary cephalalgia in patients prone to headache. PMID- 7043396 TI - The preparative synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides using RNA ligase. AB - The synthesis of nmol quantities of defined sequences of oligodeoxyribonucleotides using T4 RNA ligase has been demonstrated. Reacting using from 18 to 200 nmol of substrates in which a single 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphate was added to an oligodeoxyribonucleotide resulted in yields from 13 to 95%. When two oligodeoxyribonucleotides were similarly joined using RNA ligase, the yields ranged from 10 to 50%. Although the reactions contained high concentrations of enzyme and were incubated from 5 to 21 days, there was little degradation of either substrates or products. We have also characterized an unusual product which arises when 3'-phosphate terminated oligodeoxyribonucleotides are incubated with RNA ligase and high concentrations of ATP. This product has an adenylyl group linked to the 3'-phosphate by an anhydride bond. The mechanistic and synthetic implications of forming this product are discussed. PMID- 7043397 TI - A ribonucleoprotein fragment of the 30 S ribosome of E. coli: evidence for long range RNA-RNA interactions. AB - A stable homogeneous ribonucleoprotein fragment of the 30 S ribosomal subunit of E. coli has been prepared by mild nuclease digestion and heating in a constant ionic environment. The fragment contains about half of the 16 S ribosomal RNa and six proteins: S4, S7, S9, S13, S16 and S19. The RNA moiety contains the reported binding sites of all six proteins. After deproteinization, 80% of the RNA migrated as two major electrophoretic bands, which were isolated and sequenced. Each band contained sequences from the 5' and 3' thirds of the 16 S RNA but none from the central third. That these two noncontiguous RNA domains migrated together electrophoretically in Mg++-containing gels after deproteinization constitutes direct evidence that the 16 S RNA is folded in the intact ribosome so as to bring the two domains close together and that there are RNA-RNA interactions between them in the presence of Mg++. PMID- 7043398 TI - Iron mediated methylthiolation of tRNA as a regulator of operon expression in Escherichia coli. AB - E. coli growing in the presence of iron-binding proteins produced tRNAtrp and tRNAphe molecules containing i6A instead of ms2i6A adjacent to the anticodon. These undermodified tRNAs functioned less efficiently than the fully modified molecules when translating synthetic polynucleotides containing contiguous codons in an in vitro system, but did not limit the translation of MS2 RNA. We examined the possibility that the altered tRNAs with lowered translational efficiencies could relieve transcription termination at the trp and phe attenuators and lead to increased operon expression under iron restricted conditions. Using trpR mutants we found that there was indeed greater expression of the trp operon during iron restricted growth. This increase was attributable solely to the tRNA alteration induced by iron restriction. PMID- 7043399 TI - Effect of ribosome binding and translocation on the anticodon of tRNAPhe as studied by wybutine fluorescence. AB - The complexes of N-AcPhe-tRNAPhe (or non-aminoacylated tRNAPhe) from yeast with 70S ribosomes from E. coli have been studied fluorimetrically utilizing wybutine, the fluorophore naturally occurring next to the 3' side of the anticodon, as a probe for conformational changes of the anticodon loop. The fluorescence parameters are very similar for tRNA bound to both ribosomal sites, thus excluding an appreciable conformational change of the anticodon loop upon translocation. The spectral change observed upon binding of tRNAPhe to the P site even in the absence of poly(U) is similar to the one brought about by binding of poly(U) alone to the tRNA. This effect may be due to a hydrophobic binding site of the anticodon loop or to a conformational change of the loop induced by binding interactions of various tRNA sites including the anticodon. PMID- 7043401 TI - Clinica estimation of the renal threshold for glucose in persons with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7043400 TI - Adenine-guanine base pairing ribosomal RNA. AB - Analyses of secondary structures proposed for ribosomal RNA's show that, of the different kinds of base pairs directly adjoining the ends of postulated double helical regions, only A-G with A at the 5' end significantly exceeds the number expected for a random base distribution. An A(syn)-G(trans) hydrogen-bonded basepair is proposed. This could fit at the end of an undistorted double helix, but would prevent further base stacking, thus favoring a break in the double helix to produce a non-linear tertiary structure. PMID- 7043402 TI - Computers. 3. Possible applications in nursing. PMID- 7043403 TI - Spotlight on children: paediatrics. 2. The fever van. PMID- 7043404 TI - A stitch in time--1. The history of sutures. PMID- 7043405 TI - The heart of the matter. PMID- 7043406 TI - Rcn Congress 1982. When Harrogate was a spa. PMID- 7043407 TI - Rcn Congress 1982: the other side of CMH - Catherine M. Hall. PMID- 7043408 TI - The influence of tradition in nursing. PMID- 7043409 TI - Renal replacement therapy. 1-1. Introduction and review of dialysis and transplantation today. PMID- 7043411 TI - History of nursing. 4. The way we were. PMID- 7043410 TI - Sexuality in pregnancy. A review of the literature. PMID- 7043412 TI - History of nursing. 5. Knight nurse. PMID- 7043413 TI - Dame Catherine - this is your life. PMID- 7043414 TI - History of nursing. 6. Life and times. PMID- 7043417 TI - History of nursing. 9. Faith, hope and charity. PMID- 7043415 TI - History of nursing. 7. Past caring. PMID- 7043416 TI - History of nursing. 8. Roots. PMID- 7043418 TI - History of nursing. 10. The pride of London. PMID- 7043419 TI - [Principles and clinical usefulness of a rapid method for the detection of acute viral infections]. PMID- 7043420 TI - [Participation of neutrophilic granulocytes in a local inflammatory focus]. PMID- 7043421 TI - [Insulin and glucagon in the treatment of acute liver failure]. PMID- 7043422 TI - Development of enkephalin in the rectum and ganglion of Remak of the chick. AB - Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and high performance liquid chromatography were used in combination with immunocytochemistry to study the development of met-enkephalin (Met-enk) in the rectum and the ganglion of Remak of the chicken. Met-enk was detected by RIA in the rectum at 5 days of incubation (d.i.). The concentration increased from 5-9 d.i. and did not change significantly thereafter. In contrast, the concentration of Met-enk in Remak's ganglion increased throughout the developmental period of study. Met-enk immunoreactivity first appeared in cell bodies in Remak's ganglion at 6 d.i. and in a small number of processes in the wall of the rectum. By 9 d.i., Remak's ganglion contained many immunoreactive cell bodies, some of which extended processes into the wall of the rectum in the region of the myenteric plexus. Varicosities were first seen in the rectum at 13 d.i. and increased in number and staining intensity with developmental age. The fact that immunoreactive cell bodies persist in Remak's ganglion throughout the course of development and send processes into the rectum suggests that a major portion of enkephalinergic innervation of the rectum is extrinsic. On the other hand, the presence of Met-enk immunoreactivity in both nerve cell bodies and processes in rectal explants stripped of Remak's ganglion suggests that this peptide is also contained in intrinsic neurons in the chick rectum. PMID- 7043423 TI - Mechanism of retention of estramustine in the rat prostate and results of a clinical trial of Estracyt in Japan. AB - To clarify the mechanism of action of Estracyt, we performed experiments using 3H estramustine of high specific activity. 3H-Radioactivity accumulated selectively in the ventral prostate of castrated male rats after the administration of 3H estramustine. Estramustine and its metabolites were retained in the ventral prostate for long time periods. The uptake of 3H-radioactivity was almost totally localized in the cytosol fraction, but not in a purified receptor fraction. The apparent equilibrium dissociation constant of the estramustine binding protein was 18.9 nM, and the apparent equilibrium Bmax value was 0.76 nmoles/mg of cytosol protein. In addition, we wish to report in this paper the results of clinical trials of Estracyt studied by a cooperative research group in Japan from 1977 to 1979. It was concluded that Estracyt was effective in 89% of previously untreated prostatic cancer patients and in 38% of reactivated cancer patients. PMID- 7043424 TI - Early management of cervical spine injuries. AB - At the scene of an accident with possible injury to the cervical spine, management should focus on life support and prevention of further injury. On arrival of the patient in the emergency department, three standard x-ray films should be obtained in search of the abnormalities in soft tissues, alignment, and joints that indicate cervical spine injury and a thorough neurologic assessment should be performed. The potential of cord injuries to deteriorate makes careful monitoring of blood gases, urine output, and blood pressure imperative during this period. Early therapy with steroids and mannitol seems to minimize neurologic deterioration. PMID- 7043425 TI - Sexual abuse of adolescents. AB - Molestation seldom has a lasting effect on a child unless violence was involved, sexual contact was extensive aand prolonged, or the parents overreact. Reassurance, along with instruction in avoiding repeat episodes, may be all that is necessary. Incest most commonly involves father, stepdaughter, or foster father and daughter. Usually, all members of the family are emotionally sick and need counseling, especially the mother, who holds the key to incestuous behavior. Rape has an immediate, profoundly disruptive effect on the victim's mental state and ability to function. Psychologic support and counseling of the victim and family must be provided throughout the acute and long-term phases, but referral to a special rape treatment team may be advisable for initial care. PMID- 7043427 TI - Hypoglycemia: etiologic and psychosomatic aspects of diagnosis. PMID- 7043426 TI - Diabetic neuropathy: peripheral and autonomic syndromes. AB - Incidence and prevalence of diabetic neuropathy increase with age and increasing duration of diabetes. Evidence supports an ischemic cause for mononeuropathies, but the pathogenesis of polyneuropathy is still uncertain. Mononeuropathies, involving discrete cranial or peripheral nerves, usually resolve spontaneously or respond to therapy. Distal symmetrical polyneuropathy, the most common form of diabetic neuropathy, tends to be progressive and difficult to treat. Autonomic neuropathy occurs as an extension of polyneuropathy in up to 70% of diabetics. Since no organ supplied by the autonomic nervous system is immune. PMID- 7043428 TI - [Cast crowns and dental articulators]. PMID- 7043429 TI - [Impression technic in cast crowns]. PMID- 7043430 TI - [Agar impression technic especially for cast crowns]. PMID- 7043431 TI - [Crowns for deciduous tooth]. PMID- 7043432 TI - [Total cast crown with a hole in the occlusal plane]. PMID- 7043433 TI - [Engineering problems in making cast crowns]. PMID- 7043435 TI - [Total diagnosis in clinical prosthodontics (2)]. PMID- 7043434 TI - [Dental technological problems in making cast crowns]. PMID- 7043436 TI - [Prosthodontic study on restoration using autologous teeth. Part II: Crown and bridge (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043437 TI - A controlled trial of nicotine chewing gum in a smoking withdrawal clinic. PMID- 7043438 TI - Comparison of once daily trimethoprim and standard co-trimoxazole in urinary infections. A clinical trial in general practice. PMID- 7043439 TI - The prophylaxis of seasickness. A comparison of cinnarizine with hyoscine. PMID- 7043440 TI - The PSI factor. An examination of the medical and psychological aspects of intelligence work. PMID- 7043441 TI - The uptake of naturally occurring amino acids by the plasma membrane of the human placenta. AB - The characteristics of the uptake of four naturally occurring amino acids, alanine, leucine, lysine and aspartate, by microvesicles prepared from the plasma membrane on the maternal surface of the human placenta were studied. Electron microscopy showed that a variety of fragments was interspersed between the vesicles and this heterogeneity probably accounted for the considerable variation in the results. Nevertheless, the properties of the uptake of amino acids were similar to those of vesicle preparations from other tissues. Insulin did not enhance the uptake of any of the amino acids. PMID- 7043442 TI - Review article: membrane vesicles from trophoblast cells as models for placental exchange studies. PMID- 7043443 TI - [Factors increasing exoprotease activity in the associative cultures of coryneform bacteria]. AB - Specific features of the effect of Artrobacter citreus on the biosynthesis of fibrinolytic enzymes of Nocardia sp. 1 were investigated during the combined cultivation of both microorganisms. It was demonstrated that an increase in the synthesis of fibrinolytic proteases in the mixed culture of A. citreus and N. species 1 was determined by the compounds containing in the A. citreus supernatant rather than by the nutrient deficiency. PMID- 7043444 TI - [Influence of various factors in polyacrylamide gel immobilization on the viability of Escherichia coli B cells]. AB - The entrapment of an E. coli cell population into polyacrylamide gel (PAAG) is associated with a drastic decline of its viability. The effect of immobilization factors (the reagents used for PAAG preparation, their mixtures and the elevated temperature) upon the viability of the E. coli cell population was investigated by the method of microcultural analysis. It was found that all the components of the polymerization mixture, except for acrylamide, as well as the washed-off granules of polymerized del did not appreciably influence that viability of the cell population. Acrylamide at a concentration of 10% appeared very toxic. The decrease of its concentration to 5% and of the initial temperature of the polymerization mixture markedly lowered the toxic effect and, consequently, increased the viability of the population of immobilized E. coli cells. PMID- 7043446 TI - [Diagnostic importance of the glucagon tolerance test in studying the islets of Langerhans apparatus of thyrotoxicosis patients]. AB - Comparative studies of the glucagon-, OTTG- and BTTG tolerance test were performed in 50 patients, aged 25 to 50 years, glucagon being injected after intravenous and peroral glucose loading at hyperglycemic peak height. It was detected that a single intravenous glucagon injection provokes hyperglycemia mostly in healthy subjects than in patients with thyrotoxicosis during the first 15 to 30 minutes. Stimulating effect on insulin secretion was the same. Glucagon injection does not enhance glucose-induced hyperglycemia after peroral glucose loading and intensifies insulin rise rather than separate glucagon or glucose use. Combined glucagon-glucose administration produced tension in the insular apparatus alpha-cell function, that allows one to recommend this diagnostic test for determining reserve functional possibilities of Langerhans' islets in thyrotoxicosis-suffering patients with normal glucose tolerance under clinical conditions. PMID- 7043445 TI - [Fat and carbohydrate metabolism in lipodystrophies]. AB - Several indices of fat and carbohydrate metabolism were examined in 9 patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy and in 11 subjects with the hypermuscular form of the disease. The latent or manifest disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, hyperinsulinism, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, lipid spectrum displacement towards pre-beta-lipoproteid fraction were seen in the majority of patients. Disturbed fat metabolism was more pronounced in patients with hypermuscular lipodystrophy. In lipoatrophic states there was no correlation between immunoreactive insulin level and triglyceride concentration in the blood plasma. PMID- 7043447 TI - [Insulin and proinsulin content of the blood plasma of latent diabetics with normal body weight]. AB - It was shown in the study of insulin and proinsulin content in the blood plasma of patients with the normal body weight, suffering from latent diabetes mellitus, that total plasma immunoreactivity (TIR) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) secretion in the time-course of changes in glucose tolerance test (GTT) is more abundant than in healthy subjects during the second secretory phase. Immunoreactive proinsulin content does not differ in normal persons and in patients with latent diabetes mellitus within the whole GTT periods under examination. The data obtained show that an increase in TIR level is mainly caused by true hyperinsulinemia, rather than proinsulinemia, in patients with the normal body mass, suffering from latent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7043448 TI - [Use of clomiphene for treating lactorrhea and amenorrhea]. AB - The results are presented of clomiphene treatment of 22 patients with functional lactorrhea-amenorrhea. Lower therapeutic effect of this drug in comparison with that of parlodel was demonstrated in hyperprolactinemia. Combined clomiphene parlodel treatment of lactorrhea-amenorrhea was studied in 12 patients, including 4 subjects with hypophyseal adenomas. It was shown that the combined use of these drugs enhances therapeutic activity without potentiating side effects. PMID- 7043450 TI - [Biochemical bases of the action of glucocorticoids on the heart]. PMID- 7043451 TI - [Organization of independent work by students in the study of endocrinology]. PMID- 7043449 TI - [Immunomorphological and ultrastructural characteristics of hypophyseal adenomas in prolactinemia patients]. AB - It was shown by means of electron microscopy and immunohistochemical study that in 11 of 15 patients with high preoperative prolactinemia the tumor consisted mainly of prolactin-containing cells. Small groups of them occurred in the tumors of 2 patients, whereas in 2 other cases prolactin was not detected in the tumor cells by immunohistochemical method. Electron microscopy demonstrated hypophyseal oncocytomas in these 2 cases. Appreciable differences in the blood prolactin concentration, depending on the tumor ultrastructure, were not observed. PMID- 7043452 TI - Protohistoric hepatomancy: an oracular form of pathology. PMID- 7043453 TI - James B. Herrick, M.D. Born August 11, 1861--Died March 7, 1954. PMID- 7043454 TI - Ludvig Hektoen--scientist and counselor. PMID- 7043455 TI - lac repressor-lac operator interaction: NMR observations. AB - We show here the changes in the NMR spectra of the Escherichia coli lac repressor when bound to isolated lac operator DNA. The observations focus on the aromatic residues--four tyrosines and a single histidine--in the amino-terminal DNA binding domain of the lac repressor. There is a good correlation between chemical shift changes seen by 19F NMR when compared with 1 H NMR of otherwise identical repressor--DNA complexes. The results suggest that the tyrosines do not intercalate in the DNA. The NMR spectral changes with similarly sized DNA fragments, not containing the lac operator DNA sequence, are different. Thus, the amino-terminal domain of the lac repressor is independently capable of discriminating between lac operator and nonspecific DNA sequences. There can be two amino-terminal fragments per operator in the specific complex. PMID- 7043456 TI - Chromatin conformational changes accompany transcriptional activation of a glucose-repressed gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - In the present study we have analyzed the kinetics of DNase I digestion of the two alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes within yeast nuclei. We have found that in yeast grown on glucose the constitutively transcribed ADCI gene is much more sensitive to DNase I digestion than is the repressible ADR2 gene. In yeast grown on ethanol, both genes are transcribed and both exhibit the same sensitivity to DNase I attack. We have also found and mapped DNase I hypersensitive sites near the 5' ends of constitutive and repressible ADH genes. These sites are well correlated with the position at which transcription is initiated. PMID- 7043457 TI - Imported mitochondrial proteins cytochrome b2 and cytochrome c1 are processed in two steps. AB - Cytochrome b2 of yeast is located in the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes whereas cytochrome c1 is bound to the outer face of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Both proteins are made outside the mitochondria as larger precursors that are processed to their mature forms in two steps. In the first step, at least a segment of the precursor polypeptide chain penetrates into the mitochondrial matrix and is cleaved to an intermediate form by a matrix localized soluble protease. This step requires an electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane. In the second step, the intermediate form is converted to the mature form. For cytochrome c1, this second step requires heme. Import of these two cytochromes thus involves a "detour" across the inner membrane. PMID- 7043458 TI - Are DNA precursors concentrated at replication sites? AB - We have asked whether the effective concentrations of deoxyribonucleotide 5' triphosphates (dNTPs) at sites of DNA replication in vivo might be higher than the concentrations of dNTPs averaged over the entire cell volume. The approach involved determination of the dependence of DNA replication rate upon thymidine triphosphate concentration, both in vivo and in vitro system that closely approximates the intracellular replication apparatus. In T4 phage-infected Escherichia coli maximal rates of DNA synthesis were attained with dTTP pools of approximately 1.2 x 10(5) molecules per cell, corresponding to an average intracellular concentration of about 65 microM. When DNA synthesis was measured in the T4 purified protein system [Sinha, N. K., Morris, C. F. & Alberts, B. M. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255 4290--4303], maximal rates were observed at dTTP concentrations of 200--240 microM. This represents a minimal estimate, therefore, of dTTP concentration at replication sites and suggests that at least a 3- to 4 fold concentration gradient exists near these sites. We discuss why such concentration gradients might be needed and how they might be generated. We also discuss the implications of these results for understanding the relationship between intracellular dNTP pools and mutation rates. A by-product of our study was the finding that exogenous thymidine is used for T4 DNA synthesis in preference to endogenous pathways to thymidine nucleotides; at high thymidine concentrations in vivo the endogenous pathways can be completely bypassed. PMID- 7043459 TI - Pancreatic preproglucagon cDNA contains two glucagon-related coding sequences arranged in tandem. AB - We have constructed and cloned in bacteria recombinant plasmids containing DNA complementary to the mRNA encoding a pancreatic preproglucagon (Mr 14,500), a product of cell-free translation of angler fish islet mRNAs shown previously by immunoprecipitation analyses to be a precursor of glucagon. cDNAs of 630, 180, and 120 base pairs were isolated and correspond to most of the mRNA for the preproglucagon (650 bases). The cDNAs contain a protein coding sequence of 372 nucleotides and 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of 58 and 206 nucleotides, respectively. From the coding sequence of the cDNAs, we find that the sequence of glucagon, identical to mammalian glucagon in 20 of 29 positions, resides in the preproglucagon of 124 amino acids flanked by NH2- and COOH-peptide extensions of 52 and 43 amino acids, respectively. The peptide extensions are linked to the glucagon by Lys-Arg sequences characteristic of the sites that are cleaved during the posttranslational processing of prohormones. Notable is the finding that, following the initial Lys-Arg sequence in the COOH-peptide extension is a pentapeptide. Ser-Gly-Val-Ala-Glu, followed by another Lys-Arg and a sequence of 34 residues that shows striking homology with glucagon and the other peptides of the glucagon family--gastric inhibitory peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and secretin. Thus, the preproglucagon mRNA contains two glucagon-related coding sequences arranged in tandem. The finding of Lys-Arg sequences flanking the glucagon and glucagon-related sequences suggests that these two peptides and a pentapeptide are formed in vivo by posttranslational cleavages of a common precursor. PMID- 7043460 TI - Evidence for insulin-induced internalization and degradation of insulin receptors in rat adipocytes. AB - We have investigated the theory that the insulin-induced loss of insulin binding from adipocytes is due to internalization of insulin receptors. Cell-surface receptors were assessed by the binding capacity of intact cells at 16 degrees C. Total (i.e., cell-surface plus intracellular) receptors were assessed by solubilizing the cells in 1% Triton X-100 and then measuring binding by the solubilized extract. Intracellular receptors were measured by treating the cells with trypsin before solubilizing them. The trypsin treatment removed greater than 90% of the cell-surface binding, so that any significant binding by soluble extracts of these cells must represent intracellular receptors. Adipocytes were incubated with insulin (100 ng/ml) with or without chloroquine (0.2 mM) for 4 hr. Insulin alone resulted in a 62% loss of cell-surface receptors, but only a 46% loss of total receptors, and a 170% increase in intracellular receptors, suggesting that the lost cell-surface receptors were internalized, where some were degraded. Insulin in the presence of chloroquine resulted in a 34% loss of cell-surface receptors, but no loss of total receptors, and a 300% increase in intracellular receptors. Thus, in the presence of chloroquine receptors were internalized but not degraded. The loss of cell-surface receptors and appearance of intracellular receptors were time and dose dependent and were linearly related. These results demonstrate that insulin causes translocation of insulin receptors from the cell surface to the cell interior, where they can be degraded (or inactivated) by a chloroquine-sensitive process. PMID- 7043461 TI - Propagation of satellite phage P4 as a plasmid. AB - Satellite phage P4 has two known options for propagation. In its lytic cycle, its regulatory functions can act in trans to alter the actions of a helper virus (P2), which then provides necessary gene products, including capsid proteins. P4 also can be propagated in the absence of a helper as a prophage, with distinct sites for integration within the Escherichia coli chromosome. We determined that a single spontaneous mutation (vir1) of phage P4 allows a third mode of propagation: as a plasmid (along with continued integration into the host chromosome). Hence, the P4 regulatory element is capable of (i) temperate; (ii) lytic, helper-dependent; and (iii) plasmid modes of development. These findings emphasize the close relationship between defective viruses and plasmids. PMID- 7043462 TI - Kallikrein-like activity of crotalase, a snake venom enzyme that clots fibrinogen. AB - During the amino acid sequence determination of crotalase (EC 3.4.21.30), the thrombin-like enzyme from the venom of Crotalus adamanteus (eastern diamondback rattlesnake), we found that, in addition to the expected structural homology with bovine thrombin (EC 3.4.21.5), there was even greater homology with porcine pancreatic kallikrein (EC 3.4.21.8). In exploring further the similarities between crotalase and kallikrein, several striking observations were made. First, crotalase was rapidly and specifically inhibited by the tripeptide affinity labeling derivative prolylphenylalanylarginine chloromethyl ketone, which is known to be a specific inhibitor of kallikrein. Second, NaDodSO4/acrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that crotalase cleaves the plasma kallikrein-susceptible bonds in human high molecular weight kininogen, producing an intermediate with procoagulant activity. Crotalase-catalyzed cleavage of high molecular weight kininogen also liberates kinin as evidenced by rat blood pressure bioassay. Finally, crotalase exhibits substrate specificity not only for the thrombin chromogenic substrate S-2238 but also for the kallikrein substrates S-2302 and S 2266. Interestingly, one of the other reactions catalyzed by plasma kallikrein, the activation of plasminogen, was not one of the activities exhibited by crotalase. PMID- 7043463 TI - Amplification of the uvrA gene product of Escherichia coli to 7% of cellular protein by linkage to the pL promoter of pKC30. AB - We have constructed a hybrid pKC30-uvrA plasmid (pGHY5003) in which transcription of the uvrA gene can be induced under pL control to amplify the uvrA gene product to 7% of cellular protein. To construct pGHY5003, we developed a genetic selection using the basal level of expression (30 degrees C) from pL in thermosensitive cI857 lysogens to isolate appropriately tailored repair genes inserted at the Hpa I site of pKC30 from recombinant DNA mixtures with a variety of products. In addition, a post-UV-irradiation radiolabeling method was adapted to screen inserts for temperature-inducible polypeptide synthesis directed by transcription under pL control rapidly. This should prove generally useful for isolating genes inserted at the Hpa I site of plasmid pKC30 with the following characteristics: (i) genetically functional hybrid plasmids selected from a large population of exonucleolytically tailored fragments ligated into Hpa I of pKC30 and (ii) production of high-level amplification for the gene product of interest by screening for post-UV-irradiation temperature inducibility of polypeptides synthesized from hybrid plasmids. The level of amplification obtained for the uvrA gene product from pGHY5003 is approximately 10,000-fold higher than estimates of the level of uvrA protein in logarithmic phase Escherichia coli. PMID- 7043464 TI - Identification and cloning of a yeast nuclear gene (CBP1) involved in expression of mitochondrial cytochrome b. AB - Nuclear pet mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in mitochondrial respiration have been studied genetically and biochemically. Seven noncomplementing mutations leading to a deficiency of mitochondrial cytochrome b have been assigned to a single complementation group (group 60). Examination of mitochondrial RNA by blot hybridization on diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper has revealed that group 60 mutants produce a large number of novel apocytochrome b transcripts not detected in wild-type yeast. The product of the gene affected in the mutants, therefore, appears to be required either for correct transcription or for processing of apocytochrome b premessenger RNA. The gene has been designated CBP1. A representative mutant from complementation group 60 (N5-26) has been transformed to respiratory competency with a recombinant plasmid pool consisting of random fragments of wild-type yeast nuclear DNA inserted into a vector capable of replicating in yeast and Escherichia coli. The complementation of the N5-26 mutation has been shown for a number of independent transformants to be due to the presence of plasmid DNA. The plasmid pG60/T10 was further characterized to have a nuclear DNA insert of 6.7 kilobase pairs. This plasmid complements the mutations of all group 60 mutants, thus confirming that it contains the CBP1 gene. PMID- 7043465 TI - Cellular location affects protein stability in Escherichia coli. AB - We study the biosynthesis of preproinsulin and proinsulin in Escherichia coli by pulse-chase experiments. When E. coli is transformed with plasmids bearing a gene consisting of a fusion of preproinsulin DNA to part or to all of the DNA encoding a bacterial signal sequence, a variety of hybrid preproinsulin molecules can be made. Molecules with largely complete hybrid signal sequences are secreted into the periplasm. Molecules with defective signal sequences, lacking the hydrophobic core, are not secreted and remain in the cytoplasm. Such molecules are degraded with a 2-min half-life, whereas the molecules transported to the periplasm are at least 10 times more stable. A full-length preproinsulin precursor appears transiently before the signal sequence is cleaved off by the bacterial signal peptidase, and we propose a model to account for this. PMID- 7043466 TI - Liver mitochondria contain an ATP-dependent, vanadate-sensitive pathway for the degradation of proteins. AB - A large fraction (30-50%) of the various proteins synthesized within isolated rat liver mitochondria were degraded to amino acids within 60 min after synthesis. Incomplete mitochondrial polypeptides resulting from the incorporation of puromycin were degraded even more extensively (80% per hr). Protein breakdown was measured by the appearance of acid-soluble radioactivity and by the disappearance of labeled polypeptides detected on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acids generated by proteolysis were transported rapidly out of the mitochondria and no peptide intermediates accumulated in the organelle. This degradative process did not involve lysosomes or lysosomal enzymes and was markedly stimulated by ATP either generated within the mitochondria or supplied exogenously. An inhibitor of respiration (cyanide) or uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation (oligomycin, dinitrophenol) reduced proteolysis when mitochondria were provided substrates for ATP generation. When exogenous ATP was provided, these agents did not affect proteolysis, but degradation was then sensitive to atractyloside, an inhibitor of adenine nucleotide transport. Vanadate, an inhibitor of various ATPases, blocked proteolysis even in the presence of ATP and caused a marked stabilization of nearly all polypeptide bands. Thus, mitochondria -like bacteria or the cytosol of animal cells--contain a pathway for complete degradation of proteins which seems to selectively remove polypeptides with abnormal structures. Within this organelle, ATP hydrolysis appears necessary for an initial step in this degradative process. PMID- 7043467 TI - Visualization of microtubules in interphase and mitotic plant cells of Haemanthus endosperm with the immuno-gold staining method. AB - A procedure is presented for the immunocytochemical visualization of microtubules in interphase and mitotic cells of Haemanthus endosperm. It includes preservation of microtubules (MTs) with glutaraldehyde and uses colloidal gold, coated with secondary antibodies, in a novel indirect-light microscopic technique: the immuno gold staining method. This immunocytochemical stain allows us to follow the changes in distribution of MTs during mitosis with greater precision and specificity than allowed by other light microscopic techniques. Many aspects of MT arrangements, as reported from ultrastructural studies, are corroborated and extended. This demonstrates the reliability of the technique. In addition, a number of significant observations were made. These concern (i) the presence of a network of MTs in interphase cells, (ii) the transformation of this network into a spindle-like cage of MTs (the clear zone) surrounding the nucleus during prophase, (iii) the drastic rearrangement of MT distribution during prometaphase, (iv) new evidence for the formation of aster-like arrays of polar MTs during anaphase, and (v) the development of the phragmoplast. PMID- 7043469 TI - Carcinogenic epoxides of benzo[a]pyrene and cyclopenta[cd]pyrene induce base substitutions via specific transversions. AB - We have determined the spectrum of base-pair substitution mutations induced in the lacI gene of a uvrB- strain of Escherichia coli by two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons--(+/-)7 alpha,8 beta-dihydroxy-9 beta,10 beta-epoxy-7,8,9,10 tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE), and 3,4-epoxycylopenta[cd]pyrene (CPPE). Approximately 10% of all lacI mutations induced by either BPDE or CPPE are nonsense mutations, suggesting that base-pair substitutions are a large fraction of the mutational events induced by these agents in the uvrB- bacteria. Both carcinogens specifically induced the G . C leads to T . A and, to a lesser extent, the A . T leads to T . A transversions. One possible mechanism for transversion induction at G . C sites by BPDE might involve carcinogen binding to the exocyclic amino group of guanine in the template strand followed by a rotation of the modified base around its glycosylic bond from the anti to the syn conformation. This could allow specific pairing of modified bases with an imino tautomer of adenine. PMID- 7043468 TI - Broad host range plasmid RK2 encodes multiple kil genes potentially lethal to Escherichia coli host cells. AB - Cloning of specific regions of RK2, a broad host range incompatibility group P plasmid, has revealed three genes: kilA, kilB, and kilC. Each of these genes can cause loss of viability of an Escherichia coli host. This effect on the host is normally prevented by the functions of three additional RK2 genes: korA, korB, and korC. Each kor gene is specific for a particular kil gene. The kil and kor genes are located in four distinct regions of the RK2 genome. The three kil genes are not clustered and, with the possible exception of kilA, they are also well separated from their corresponding kor genes. We have found that the korA and korB determinants are not peculiar to RK2 but instead are highly conserved throughout the incompatibility group P plasmids. PMID- 7043470 TI - Erythropoietin elevation in the chronically hyperglycemic fetal lamb. PMID- 7043471 TI - Lead exposure, begun in utero, decreases renin and angiotensin II in adult rats. PMID- 7043472 TI - A model system for the study of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion: lack of effect of fetal calf serum on gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulated LH release. PMID- 7043473 TI - Evidence that the beta cell microtubules are not involved in arginine-induced insulin release. PMID- 7043474 TI - The essential fatty acids fifty years ago. PMID- 7043475 TI - Prostaglandin, historical remarks. PMID- 7043476 TI - PGI2 is not a circulating vasodepressor hormone. PMID- 7043477 TI - Relationships between prostaglandins, prostacyclin and EFA precursors in rabbits maintained on EFA-deficient diets. PMID- 7043478 TI - The role of dietary essential fatty acids and prostaglandins in reducing blood pressure. PMID- 7043479 TI - Atherosclerosis: an intracellular deficiency in essential fatty acids. PMID- 7043480 TI - Platelet physiology--facts and fiction. PMID- 7043481 TI - Essential fatty acid availability and prostacyclin production by cultured human endothelial cells. PMID- 7043482 TI - Leg ulcer healing induced by prostaglandin E1 recorded with stereophotogrammetry. PMID- 7043483 TI - Dietary linoleic acid, accumulation of arachidonic acid in tissue lipids and production of TXB2 and PGI2 in the cardiovascular system. PMID- 7043484 TI - Factors affecting the production of prostacyclin in man. PMID- 7043485 TI - Enhancement of injury to vascular endothelial cells in vitro by PGI2 and PGE2. PMID- 7043486 TI - Synthesis of [1-14C]labeled isomers of cis- and trans-octadecenoic acids and synthesis of octadecynoic acids. PMID- 7043487 TI - The organic synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 7043489 TI - Essential fatty acids and cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 7043488 TI - Measurement of 13,14-dihydro-6,15-dioxo PGF1 alpha by radioimmunoassay: application to the study of prostacyclin metabolism. PMID- 7043490 TI - Prostaglandin I2 fails to influence red cell deformability. PMID- 7043491 TI - Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on blood glucose and glucose regulatory hormones in mild diabetes. AB - In order to investigate the effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on glucose tolerance and glucose regulatory hormones, ASA was given to 14 diabetic patients for seven days by two different methods. A 50 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed before and after the treatment. Nine of 14 diabetics received a dosage of 1.5 g of ASA three times a day for seven days plus 1.5 g on the eighth day one hr before the test (group I). The other 5 patients had the same dosage of ASA as group I, but were not administered ASA prior to the second OGTT (group II). In group I the ASA treatment improved the glucose tolerance associated with sustained rise of plasma insulin significantly, whereas no significant change in glucose tolerance or plasma insulin was observed in group II compared the pretreatment level. The ASA had no significant effect on plasma glucagon or gastric inhibitory polypeptide in either group I or group II. These results suggest that ASA allievates glucose intolerance in maturity onset diabetics by a direct enhancement of insulin secretion, and, moreover, that it is important to maintain elevated ASA concentrations in their blood. PMID- 7043492 TI - Regulation of prostacyclin and thromboxane production by human umbilical vessels: the effect of estradiol and progesterone in a superfusion model. AB - To study the production of the vasodilatory prostacyclin (PGI2) and vasoconstrictory thromboxane A2 (TxA2) by the human umbilical vessels, vascular segments collected from the cords of healthy newborns (n = 15) after normal pregnancies were superfused with Eagle's medium at 37 degrees C under continuous oxygenation. The stable metabolites of PGI2 and TxA2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) respectively, were measured from the superfusates with radioimmunoassays. All vascular segments studied produced 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2 without any significant difference between the arteries and veins. 6 keto-PGF1 alpha was produced some 10-15 times more than TxB2. 17-beta-estradiol at concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 ng/ml dose-dependently stimulated the 6 keto-PGF1 alpha formation, but had no effect on TxB2 generation. Progesterone 50, 500 and 5000 ng/ml caused no changes in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha or TxB2 generations but even the smallest concentration of progesterone abolished the stimulating effect of estradiol. These results thus suggest that the high circulating levels of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone in the umbilical vessels may be important in the regulation of PGI2 synthesis in the umbilical vessels in vivo. PMID- 7043493 TI - Effect of dietary sodium intake on the metabolism of prostaglandins in the kidney in hypertensive patients. AB - To investigate the role of renal prostaglandins (PGs) in the renal handling of sodium, urinary excretion of PGE, PGF2 alpha and PGF2 alpha MUM (main urinary metabolite of PGF2 alpha) were measured after various manipulations of dietary sodium intake in 8 hypertensive patients. A low sodium intake increased urinary excretion of PGF2 alpha MUM (p less than 0.05), but failed to change urinary excretion of PGE and PGF2 alpha. In contrast, a high sodium intake increased urinary excretion of PGE (p less than 0.01) and decreased urinary excretion of PGF2 alpha MUM (p less than 0.02). A low sodium intake decreased the ratio of urinary PGE/PGF2 alpha MUM and high sodium increased it (both p less than 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between urinary excretion of sodium and that of PGE (p less than 0.001). Additional oral administration of potassium chloride did not change urinary excretion of PGs. These results may suggest that dietary sodium intake may be one of the regulators of the metabolism of PGs in the kidney, supporting the hypothesis that renal PGE has a natriuretic action in humans. PMID- 7043494 TI - A controlled study showing significant short term effect of prostaglandin E1 in healing of ischaemic ulcers of the lower limb in man. AB - The effect on healing of ischaemic leg ulcers was tested in a double blind study in twenty-two patients given prostaglandin E1 intravenously. Ulcer shapes were determined regularly by stereophotogrammetry. A significant healing effect was found during the first weeks after prostaglandin E1 but not after placebo. After two months no significant difference was noted in ulcer size between the two groups which both had a wide range of ulcer size and type. In subjects receiving placebo 40 percent of the ulcers diminished. It is concluded that controlled studies are necessary because of the large variability in the development of ischaemic ulcers. Furthermore prostaglandin E1 must probably be given in higher dose and/or for longer time and/or more frequently than in the present study in order to show definite benefit over placebo. PMID- 7043495 TI - Evening primrose oil, a dietary prostaglandin precursor, diminishes vascular reactivity to renin and angiotensin II in rats. AB - Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are biosynthetic precursors of prostaglandins (PG). Endogenous biosynthesis of PG in vessel wall and kidney contributes to the regulation of arterial blood pressure. By increasing the fraction of PUFA in the diet systemic blood pressure can be lowered while PUFA deficient diet leads to an increase in blood pressure. To evaluate the effect of an enhanced PG biosynthesis by dietary PG precursors on vascular reactivity and vascular formation of prostacyclin-like activity, the pressor response to intravenous renin and angiotensin II in rats pretreated p.o. for 3 months with evening primrose oil (EPO, 1 ml/day) was determined and the antiaggregatory activity released by aortas of treated rats studied. EPO is unique in that it contains beside linoleic acid (72%), gamma-linolenic acid itself (9%). In contrast to olive oil treated rats EPO pretreatment diminished vascular reactivity to the vasopressor stimuli of renin and angiotensin II and increased the formation of vascular prostacyclin like activity (p less than 0.05). These studies imply the possibility of a selective modulation of PG production by dietary maneuvers. PMID- 7043496 TI - Tolbutamide enhancement of ouabain cardiotoxicity in rabbits. AB - The amount of ouabain necessary to produce ventricular fibrillation (VF) was significantly decreased by 2-hour pretreatment with 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg tolbutamide in anesthetized rabbits. The two higher doses also decreased the dose of ouabain needed to produce ventricular ectopic (VE) beats. Only the 200 mg/kg dose decreased blood glucose. In unanesthetized rabbits, 30-min pretreatment with tolbutamide (200 mg/kg i.v.) significantly decreased the doses of ouabain that produced VE beats and VF. A similar effect was noted when the same dose (200 mg/kg) was given subcutaneously 30 min, 2 or 4 h before ouabain. In these experiments blood glucose decreased after 1 h. Pretreatment for 30 min with subcutaneous administration of 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg tolbutamide significantly reduced the doses of ouabain needed to produce VE beats and VF. Blood glucose was unaltered by any tolbutamide dose after 30 min. Insulin (1 unit) decreased blood glucose but did not alter the amount of ouabain that produced VE beats and VF. The mechanism for enhancement of ouabain cardiotoxicity by tolbutamide appears to be independent of alterations in blood glucose and may be related to some direct myocardial effect. PMID- 7043497 TI - Interaction of changes in hospital environment and neurotropic co-medication in chronic psychiatric inpatient. A placebo controlled double-blind study. AB - Chronic psychiatric patients (N = 42) predominantly diagnosed as schizophrenics, who had been hospitalized for the mean of 9 years were treated in a double-blind study with a neurotropic drug (tamitinol dihydrochloride coated tablets of 300 mg t.i.d.) and placebo. Test drugs were administered concomitantly to the existing drug therapy during two treatment periods of 6 weeks each with an interval of two months free of test medication. In the second treatment period patients moved to a new building. It was expected that neurotropic drug effects can be made clearer after the transfer requiring patient's reorientation in a new environment than before the transfer. Assessment of efficacy was made using observer ratings (Psychic and Somatic Findings of the A.M.P. System, WING Behaviour Rating Scale) and patient's self ratings (Adjective Check List. List of Somatic Symptoms) and clinical laboratory parameters. Results show that neurotropic co-medication reduced the "neurological syndrome" and the "psychoorganic syndrome" (A.M.P. System). An amelioration of the "neurological syndrome" was observed at the end of the first and at the end of the second medication phase (p less than or equal to 0.10) whilst the improvement of the "psychoorganic syndrome" was particularly evident as expected after the transfer to the new building (p less than or equal to 0.001) Patients receiving placebo described themselves as more active than patients receiving the test drug. (Adjective Check List: p less than or equal to 0.10). No subjective or objective side effects (List of somatic symptoms and laboratory parameters) were evident due to the test medication which was tolerated by all patients. PMID- 7043498 TI - Pimozide versus Haloperidol in acute schizophrenia. A double blind controlled study. AB - Thirty acutely hospitalized schizophrenic patients were treated under double blind condition with either haloperidol (40-60 mg/day) or pimozide (40-60 mg/day) for 30 days. Ten patients in the pimozide and eleven in the haloperidol group showed a very good or good clinical response. There were no definite differences of treatment results as assessed by the Global Clinical Impression. Both groups showed a statistically significant decrease of the global scores of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (p less than 0.01). There was a significant decrease of affective bluntedness and anergia in the pimozide but not in the haloperidol group. Extrapyramidal side effects were more pronounced in patients on pimozide who therefore needed more anticholinergic drugs. There was no consistent correlation between drug serum levels and global scores or single factors of the BPRS in either treatment group. It is concluded that pimozide in dose ranges from 40-60 mg has powerful antipsychotic properties indistinguishable from those of haloperidol but exerts stronger extrapyramidal side effects. PMID- 7043499 TI - Effects of corticosteroids on articular cartilage: a review of the literature. AB - Physical therapists evaluate and treat patients who simultaneously may be receiving corticosteroid compounds to reduce inflammation and pain associated with certain diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Both beneficial and deleterious effects of corticosteroids on articular cartilage have been reported. Physical therapists and others treating joints with pathological conditions should understand these effects and use this knowledge to establish and modify therapeutic management programs for patients with joint dysfunction. A review of the literature is presented. PMID- 7043501 TI - Alterations in DNA irradiated with ultraviolet radiation-I. The formation process of cyclobutylpyrimidine dimers: cross sections, action spectra and quantum yields. PMID- 7043503 TI - Ida Henrietta Hyde: early experiments. PMID- 7043502 TI - Ida Henrietta Hyde: the first woman member of the society. PMID- 7043500 TI - Recovery from damage induced by acridine plus near-ultraviolet light in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7043505 TI - Four decades of physiology, musing, and what now. PMID- 7043504 TI - Edward F. Adolph. PMID- 7043506 TI - Auto- and allo-grooming in pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) and meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus). AB - Grooming was observed in mixed-sex pairs of voles after one vole had been unilaterally soiled with a carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) gel. In Experiment 1, soiled pine voles spent more time grooming than did clean voles, and groomed the soiled side of their bodies more than the clean side. Soiled voles of both species head-groomed more than did clean voles. Addition of tastants to CMC gel did not alter grooming durations in either species, and there were no sex differences. In Experiment 2, both vole species (taken together) auto-groomed more than they allo-groomed, although clean voles groomed their soiled partners more than themselves. These studies suggest that soiled fur is a powerful stimulus for auto- and allo-grooming. PMID- 7043507 TI - Hepatic vagotomy (partial hepatic denervation) does not alter ingestive responses to metabolic changes. AB - The effects of transecting the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve were studied in male and female Long Evans rats. No differences between same-sex hepatic vagotomized (HV) and sham operated (SHM) animals were found in postoperative body weight, diurnal patterns of ingestion, or the response to insulin (4, 8, 12 U/kg, IP), 2-deoxy-D-glucose (125, 250, 500 mg/kg, IP), sodium chloride (10 ml/kg: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 M, IP), or polyethylene glycol (10 ml/kg: 30% w/v, SC). These results can be interpreted as evidence for a minor role of the hepatic vagus in the total complement of hepatic afferent innervation. PMID- 7043508 TI - Gender and energy balance: sex differences in adaptations for feast and famine. AB - According to this theory/review, the cross-culturally common finding of more women than men among the obese is at least in part a consequence of sex differences in evolutionary selection pressure. James and Trayhurn claim that the propensity to obesity is linked to th ability to survive a fast and both may involve reduced heat production. The present theory extends this relationship to sex differences in energy balance. According to the theory proposed here, mammalian females were subjected to more severe selection pressures during times of short food supply than males were and hence females were under more pressure to evolve mechanisms to facilitate survival during famine, which led to sex differences in obesity. The data relevant to sex differences in starvation survival, obesity and heat production, and the possible evolutionary roles and implications of sex differences in chromosomes and in organizational and activational sex hormones are reviewed. The conclusion is that evolution has created a linkage between sex chromosomes, hormones and energy balance, and this linkage is at least in part responsible for the greater resistance of the female to famine and for her greater tendency to become obese in times of feast. PMID- 7043509 TI - Theophylline disrupts diurnal rhythms of humoral factors with loss of meal cyclicity. AB - To test the possibility that theophylline induced circadian disappearance of food intake might depend upon rhythmic disruption of blood glucose, insulin and free fatty acids (FFA), theophylline was administered chronically. This markedly lengthened postprandial intermeal intervals during the dark, and induced approximately identical intermeal intervals and identical meal sizes in the light and dark periods. In contrast to the clear light-dark dependent oscillations of serum glucose, insulin and FFA in the controls, the theophyllinized rats lost circadian fluctuation of each of these three chemical substances. Further, theophyllinized rats, unlike controls, had no time-dependent fluctuation in the levels of these substances at -120, -60 or -15 min preceding the onset of the first meal before the dark. These findings, together with previous reports, explain the disappearance of nocturnal feeding rhythm in theophyllinized rats in terms of functional destruction of circadian regulation in the hypothalamus which modulate the production of chemical determinants of food intake. PMID- 7043510 TI - Application of topical thrombin for skin-graft donor sites. PMID- 7043511 TI - The spatial and temporal quantification of myofibroblasts. AB - The number and distribution of myofibroblasts in porcine excisional wounds have been measured over a 16-week period by immunoperoxidase labeling of the smooth muscle antigen in the cytoplasm of the contractile fibroblasts. Changes in the number of myofibroblasts over time correlate with the rate of wound contraction, and the myofibroblasts were distributed throughout the granulation tissue. These findings support the proposal that the contractile fibroblast is the agent of wound contraction. Significantly fewer myofibroblasts are found near the base of the wound and a larger number of myofibroblasts are found in close proximity to inflammatory foci, suggesting a causal relationship between inflammation and the acquisition of contractile properties by the wound fibroblast. There is evidence of a slightly lower percentage of myofibroblasts in areas of rapid fibroblast replication, and the percentage of myofibroblasts does not vary with changes in the tension across a wound. The immunoperoxidase-staining technique permits the identification of individual myofibroblasts by light microscopy and will be a useful tool for further studies of myofibroblast activity and control. PMID- 7043512 TI - The photography of fluorescein. AB - The last few years have seen a number of new flaps described and a renewed interest in the use of fluorescein, but there have been few photographs of the fluorescein effect, because special light sources were required with the filters that were employed. The realization that fluorescein can be excited by electromagnetic radiation in the visible range allows a simplified technique in which an ordinary electronic flash unit may serve as the only light source. The photography of fluorescein is not difficult to perform, and since minimal additional equipment is required, all workers who use fluorescein should begin to document their work more accurately and dramatically. PMID- 7043513 TI - [Ernst Gottlob Pienitz and the Sonnenstein senatorium]. PMID- 7043514 TI - [Schizophrenia as an expression of disorders in the probabilistic perception of the world (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043515 TI - [Manfred Bleuler and others on the occurrence of normal mental states in schizophrenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043516 TI - [A holistic perception of schizophrenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043518 TI - Population education in the schools. AB - Formal population education is designed to teach children in school about basic population issues and, in many cases, to encourage them eventually to have smaller families. Some programs include specific units on human reproduction and family planning, while others do not. National population education programs began during the 1970s in about a dozen countries, mainly in Asia. These include Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Thailand, Egypt, Tunisia, and El Salvador. A strong case can be made for including an important contemporary issue like population in the school curriculum. Nevertheless, educational innovation is a difficult and long-term process. As a rule, it takes 5 to 10 years before new material can be fully incorporated in a school curriculum. Curriculum changes must be carefully planned, thousands of teachers trained, and appropriate materials prepared for classroom use. Moreover, differences of opinion over the need, acceptability, goals, content, methods, and other aspects of population education have held back programs in some countries. Where population education programs have been implemented, student knowledge of population issues increases, but it is not yet clear whether in-school education has a measurable impact on fertility-related attitudes or behavior. PMID- 7043517 TI - [On the clinical significance of cerebral atrophy revealed by pneumoencephalography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043519 TI - The history of psychosomatic medicine. PMID- 7043520 TI - Insulin tolerance test: human growth hormone response and insulin resistance in primary unipolar depressed, bipolar depressed and control subjects. AB - Preliminary data from the National Institute of Mental Health-Clinical Research Branch Collaborative Program on the Psychobiology of Depression dealing with the human growth hormone (hGH) response to the Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT) during the pre-treatment (drug-free) period of the study are presented in this paper. Data are reported for 54 unipolar depressed, 21 bipolar depressed, and 40 normal control subjects, who represent approximately 50% of the final subject sample to be studied. In this population the unipolar depressed subjects showed a significantly greater resistance to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia than bipolar and control subjects. After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria necessary to interpret hGH responses accurately, the data from only 54 subjects were acceptable. Mean peak hGH concentrations were not significantly different among the three groups. There was, however, a significant difference in the distributions of the hGH peak response, with the bipolar depressed population demonstrating greater variability in response than unipolar and control populations. These findings are discussed as they relate to previous reports and theoretical considerations. PMID- 7043521 TI - Psychological aspects of employment and unemployment. PMID- 7043522 TI - A holographic model of a psychosomatic pattern: Freud's specimen dream re interpreted. PMID- 7043524 TI - The history of medicine in Dublin. PMID- 7043523 TI - Pancreatic beta cell function in the fetal pig and sow. AB - Insulin secretion was investigated in acutely anaesthetized and chronically catheterized sows and their fetuses during late gestation. In the conscious animals, the mean fetal concentration of plasma insulin was 8.4 +/- 1.5 microunits/ml which was significantly less than the corresponding maternal value of 33.9 +/- 6.5 microunits/ml (n = 12, P less than 0.01). The plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose in the new-born piglets from these litters were not significantly different from the values observed in utero. The plasma concentration of insulin in the anaesthetized fetuses was significantly less than that in the chronically catheterized piglets over the same range of glucose levels. In the chronically catheterized animals, both fetal and maternal levels of insulin rose with increasing concentrations of plasma glucose while under acute conditions there was no correlation between the endogenous concentrations of insulin and glucose in either the fetuses or their mothers. Infusion of exogenous glucose (0.5 g as a 50% solution in 0.9% NaCl) stimulated the release of insulin in all the chronically catheterized fetuses studied but rarely increased the concentration of insulin in the anaesthetized fetusus. The present findings show that anaesthesia and surgery depress pancreatic beta cell function in the pig, particularly in the fetus. PMID- 7043525 TI - Transplantation of teeth to lost abutments sites--an alternative to removable dentures. PMID- 7043526 TI - Maximizing enamel-bonded restorative prosthetic esthetics: case report. PMID- 7043527 TI - Fabricated retention for removable partial dentures. PMID- 7043528 TI - Use of a chair-side method for salivary Lactobacillus count. PMID- 7043530 TI - [Modified transfixation pin]. PMID- 7043529 TI - [Preliminary report on the development of an extension implant for the lateral mandibular dental arch made of multicrystalline aluminum oxide ceramic (II)]. PMID- 7043531 TI - [Impression and bite registration in one sitting]. PMID- 7043532 TI - [Biological aspects of mucogingival surgery (a critical review of mucogingival surgery (II)]. PMID- 7043534 TI - [Whereto with the front teeth--an aid from the hook measurement]. PMID- 7043533 TI - [Extension of clinical function tests (II). Detection of balance and early contacts, challenge and resilience tests]. PMID- 7043536 TI - [Treatment of a diastema using a composite resin tooth together with the NUVA- and TMS-system]. PMID- 7043535 TI - [Composites as amalgam substitutes--clinical and experimental results]. PMID- 7043538 TI - [Crown restoration of a fractured tooth with pulp injury in an adolescent]. PMID- 7043537 TI - [Clinical research as a means of evaluating therapeutic methods]. PMID- 7043539 TI - [Measurement of sulcus fluid as a diagnostic measure in periodontal diseases. (I). Presence, composition and measurement methods of sulcus fluid]. PMID- 7043540 TI - ["The amelioration of dental odor"--dentistry from an herbal book in 1602 (I)]. PMID- 7043541 TI - [Gnathology versus Gerber--2 irreconcilable concepts of prosthetic rehabilitation?]. PMID- 7043542 TI - [Measurement of sulcus fluid as a diagnostic measure in periodontal diseases. (II). Presence, composition and measurement methods of sulcus fluid]. PMID- 7043543 TI - [Toothpaste and gingival bleeding. An epidemiological study]. PMID- 7043544 TI - [Amelioration of tooth odor--dentistry in an herbal book in 1602 (II)]. PMID- 7043545 TI - [Cutting the abutment tooth for fitting the denture frame]. PMID- 7043546 TI - [Monochromatic DZO-film (Tecnifax) for preparation of dental color relief radiographs and photographic color subtraction radiographs]. PMID- 7043547 TI - [Composite restorations--rational handling and better margins thanks to newly developed polishing elements (I)]. PMID- 7043548 TI - [Composite restoration--rational handling and better margins thanks to newly developed polishing elements (II)]. PMID- 7043549 TI - [Biological aspects of mucogingival surgery (a critical review of mucogingival surgery) (I)]. PMID- 7043550 TI - [An extreme endodontic case as a theoretical model]. PMID- 7043551 TI - [Neo-coupling, an attachment system for removable partial dentures]. PMID- 7043552 TI - [Vital molar stumps which are no longer useful for crown retention]. PMID- 7043553 TI - [Review of oral rehabilitation with the Linkow blade implant in private practice over a 6-year period]. PMID- 7043554 TI - [Clinical aspects on the subject of oral candidiasis]. PMID- 7043555 TI - [Systematic crown preparation (II)]. PMID- 7043556 TI - [Improved retention of a mandibular complete denture with four plasma-coated screw implants]. PMID- 7043557 TI - [Periodontal aspects of prosthetic treatment]. PMID- 7043558 TI - [Pouring hydrocolloid impressions]. PMID- 7043559 TI - [Materials for temporary crown treatment; for example: Scutan]. PMID- 7043560 TI - [Problems with dental nomenclature (I)]. PMID- 7043561 TI - [Technical work flow in the laboratory...in preparation of a complete denture (I)]. PMID- 7043563 TI - [Impression technics and compensation for them]. PMID- 7043564 TI - [Principles of ceramic crowns]. PMID- 7043562 TI - [Problems with dental nomenclature (II)]. PMID- 7043565 TI - [Impression materials]. PMID- 7043566 TI - ["Pastilles of Cosmos" for maintenance of sweet smelling breath]. PMID- 7043568 TI - [Prosthetic checklist (I)]. PMID- 7043567 TI - [Impression materials]. PMID- 7043569 TI - [Preparation of a precision attachment for a gold-porcelain partial denture]. PMID- 7043570 TI - [The status of bonding technics with precious metal alloys. (II)]. PMID- 7043571 TI - [Oral rehabilitation in combination with an endosseous implant (III)]. PMID- 7043572 TI - [Precision-sectioned model with synthetic base plate (I)]. PMID- 7043573 TI - [Technical procedures in repairs of metalloceramic bonding]. PMID- 7043574 TI - [Experiments on the precision of poured fillings and crowns]. PMID- 7043575 TI - [Preparation of a unilateral free-end prosthesis with an FM hinge joint]. PMID- 7043576 TI - [Conical crowns--their technical applications in the treatment of cleft lip, jaw and palate]. PMID- 7043577 TI - [Precision-sectioned model with synthetic base plate (II)]. PMID- 7043578 TI - [Firing of gingiva-colored, ceramic glaze material]. PMID- 7043579 TI - [Frequently observed errors in complete denture set-ups]. PMID- 7043580 TI - [Preparation of a bilateral free-end prosthesis with RS-milling and a ready-made activator bar of disk-shaped design]. PMID- 7043581 TI - [Determination of crown margins by groove preparation]. PMID- 7043583 TI - [A prosthesis with a telescopic bracket and its preparation in the dental office and laboratory]. PMID- 7043582 TI - [Precision-sectioned model with synthetic base plate (III)]. PMID- 7043584 TI - [Preparation of a unilateral free-end denture with an extracoronal Ceka-anchor]. PMID- 7043585 TI - [Technical procedures with Blendgold-Special for baked porcelain (I)]. PMID- 7043586 TI - [Behavior patterns of dentists and dental technicians and their effect on work flow and work quality (II)]. PMID- 7043587 TI - [Prosthetic treatment of a bilateral cleft lip, jaw and palate]. PMID- 7043588 TI - [Technical procedures with Blendgold-Special for baked porcelain (II)]. PMID- 7043589 TI - [History of palatal obturators (I)]. PMID- 7043590 TI - [14-unit implant prosthesis in combination with 4 swing-locks]. PMID- 7043591 TI - [Adhesion in metalloceramics]. PMID- 7043592 TI - [History of palatal obturators. (II)]. PMID- 7043593 TI - [Preparation of a bilateral free-end prosthesis using a Ceka-attachment with an interchangeable overlay and bar attachment]. PMID- 7043594 TI - [Preparation of thimble bridges (I)]. PMID- 7043595 TI - [Preparation of thimble bridges (II)]. PMID- 7043596 TI - [The question of "lost wax" burning of model materials]. PMID- 7043597 TI - [Is the impression the cause of difficulty in the fitting of bridges?]. PMID- 7043598 TI - [Jet technic - the technical possibility of joining telescopic anchors with the main anchors (I)]. PMID- 7043599 TI - [From impression to model]. PMID- 7043600 TI - [Oral rehabilitation in combination with an endosseous implant (I)]. PMID- 7043601 TI - [Jet technic--the technical possibility of joining telescopic anchors with the main anchors (II)]. PMID- 7043602 TI - [Oral rehabilitation in combination with an endosseous implant (II)]. PMID- 7043603 TI - [Jet technic--the technical possibility of joining telescopic anchors with the main anchor (III)]. PMID- 7043604 TI - [Influence of the basic form on the accuracy of fit and stability of cast frameworks in bilateral maxillary prostheses]. PMID- 7043605 TI - [Swing-lock as a holding and support element of the unilateral free-end prosthesis]. PMID- 7043606 TI - [Preparation of a gnathological reconstruction with regard to aspects of facing technic (I)]. PMID- 7043607 TI - [Practical periodontal prophylaxis in crown and bridge prosthetics. Technical aspects illustrated by a case report]. PMID- 7043608 TI - [Dimensional changes and bond stability]. PMID- 7043609 TI - [Optimization of pinned model systems using plastic guide sleeves]. PMID- 7043610 TI - [Complete denture treatment for the severely atrophied alveolar ridge (II)]. PMID- 7043611 TI - [Arrangement of metal frameworks for porcelain-faced bridges]. PMID- 7043612 TI - [Accurately fitting dental castings (I)]. PMID- 7043613 TI - [A new synthetic facing technic]. PMID- 7043614 TI - [Plate body of an upper and lower jaw expansion appliance]. PMID- 7043615 TI - [Accurately fitting dental castings (II)]. PMID- 7043616 TI - [Technical possibilities of improving the fit of removable bar dentures]. PMID- 7043617 TI - [Suggestions for the production of a maxillary bridge]. PMID- 7043618 TI - [Metalloceramics with the ITS technic]. PMID- 7043619 TI - [Accurately fitting dental casts (III)]. PMID- 7043620 TI - [Preparation of a gnathologic reconstruction with reference to aspects of facings technics (II)]. PMID- 7043621 TI - [Oral rehabilitation using vestibular dental ceramic facings]. PMID- 7043622 TI - [Alginate impressions in daily practice (I)]. PMID- 7043624 TI - [Crown margins too short?]. PMID- 7043623 TI - [Curiosities in dental technology]. PMID- 7043625 TI - [Significance of complementary contrasts in metalloceramics]. PMID- 7043626 TI - [Three cornered clasp (II)]. PMID- 7043627 TI - [Alginate impressions in daily practice (II)]. PMID- 7043628 TI - [Structured palatal side of the cast model base for improvement of the retention of a complete upper denture]. PMID- 7043629 TI - [Functional grinding of crowns and bridges]. PMID- 7043631 TI - [Failure analysis in cobalt-chrome casting technic]. PMID- 7043630 TI - [Rings--the first bridge]. PMID- 7043632 TI - [Dental prosthetic treatment in young patients (II)]. PMID- 7043633 TI - [Development of the dental drill]. PMID- 7043634 TI - [Active elements of a palatal expansion plate (I)]. PMID- 7043635 TI - [Active elements of a palatal expansion plate (II)]. PMID- 7043636 TI - [Model-tray system for preparation of sectioned models without pins]. PMID- 7043638 TI - [Influence of changes in electrical casting procedures on the oxide layer, surface roughness, carbon content, and micro-structure of dental cobalt-chrome alloys]. PMID- 7043637 TI - [Preparation of a Vitadur full porcelain bridge]. PMID- 7043639 TI - [Complete denture treatment for the severely atrophied alveolar ridge (I)]. PMID- 7043640 TI - [Functional control of the swing-lock blade]. PMID- 7043641 TI - [Conical secondary parts with ceramic facings]. PMID- 7043642 TI - Radiation effects of membranes. I. Cellular permeability and cell survival. PMID- 7043643 TI - Heat-shock induction of ionizing radiation resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and correlation with stationary growth phase. PMID- 7043644 TI - The right paratracheal stripe in blunt chest trauma. AB - Supine chest radiographs and thoracic arteriograms were obtained in 102 consecutive patients with blunt chest trauma. The initial chest radiographs were reviewed retrospectively without knowledge of the arteriographic findings, and measurements of the right paratracheal stripe were obtained. All patients with right paratracheal stripes less than 5 mm in width had normal arteriograms. In those patients in whom the right paratracheal stripe measured 5 mm or greater, arteriography revealed major arterial injury in 22.9% of cases. It is concluded that measurement of the right paratracheal stripe on supine 102-cm radiographs provides a reliable and quantitative indicator of mediastinal hemorrhage, allowing early arteriographic evaluation. PMID- 7043645 TI - Validation of cardiac output estimates by digital video subtraction angiography in dogs. Correlation with thermodilution values. AB - To determine the validity of cardiac output estimates obtained by digital video subtraction angiography (DVSA), they were compared with thermodilution values in 6 anesthetized dogs. Multiple levels of cardiac output were produced in each dog by graded openings of peripheral arteriovenous fistulas. Both direct contrast and mask-mode images were evaluated. There was good correlation between thermodilution and direct contrast values (r = 0.88) as well as between thermodilution and mask-mode values (r = 0.89), though the mask-mode outputs were 12 +/- 1.1% less than the direct contrast values (p less than 0.05). Direct contrast and mask-mode values correlated well (n = 6; r greater than or equal to 0.95). Digital outputs exhibited little variation, indicating excellent reproducibility. These results demonstrate the validity of area-length estimates of cardiac output by DVSA. PMID- 7043646 TI - Renal transplant rejection and aneurysm formation. PMID- 7043647 TI - Segmental kidney resection in children with small, hypertension-producing intrarenal vascular lesions. AB - Renal angiography is indispensable in the study of children with suspected renal hypertension. Main or segmental renal artery stenoses are usually well demonstrated by midstream abdominal aortography, but small intrarenal vascular abnormalities can be easily overlooked when such a nonselective method is used. Such tiny abnormalities, however, can be the cause for, or indication of focally increased renin production and consequent hypertension. The most common primary intrarenal lesions (stenoses, focal occlusions) may be readily apparent on good arteriograms. Quite often, however, they are angiographically occult, and their presence is indicated indirectly by tortuous or "corkscrew" intrarenal collaterals. The need for selective renal arteriograms and segmental renal vein renin assays in the work-up of such patients is stressed, and the effectiveness of treatment by segmental renal resection rather than nephrectomy in patients with such lesions is illustrated. PMID- 7043648 TI - The Isocon camera system in digital subtraction imaging. AB - A new system for digital vascular subtraction imaging is presented. The image receptor consists of a rare-earth screen with light output optically focused onto the photocathode of a low-light-level image Isocon camera. This system represents a departure from the conventional use of the image intensifier for digital subtraction imaging. Our initial results suggest that this system could be competitive with traditional image intensifier systems and that it deserves clinical trial. PMID- 7043649 TI - [Initiation of DNA replication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043650 TI - [Structural and functional analysis of the minimum essential region of oriC (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043651 TI - [Control of initiation of DNA replication in Escherichia coli (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043652 TI - [R plasmid functions on the initiation of DNA replication and its regulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043653 TI - [Organization of the initiation region of replication: the replication origin of the E. coli chromosome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043654 TI - [Replication control of F plasmid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043655 TI - [Enzymes and genetic informations of hydrolases active on nylon oligomer, unnatural substrates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043656 TI - Effect of the prostacyclin synthetase inhibitor tranylcypromine on uterine blood flow in pregnancy. AB - Prostacyclin is a potent vasodilator in a number of vascular beds including the uterus. However, the role of prostacyclin in maintaining uterine blood flow during pregnancy is not well established. Recent reports have appeared suggesting that tranylcypromine can selectively inhibit prostacyclin synthesis. Thus, the present study was undertaken using an unanesthetized chronically catheterized pregnant sheep preparation to evaluate the effects of direct intra-arterial infusions of tranylcypromine on the uterine vasculature of late-term pregnant ewes. Infusions of 1,3 and 10 mg/min of tranylcypromine led to dose-related reduction in uterine blood flow (16, 21 and 47 percent, respectively) and increased blood pressure (7, 10 and 23 percent, respectively). However, these alterations were not associated with reductions in the uterine production rates of the prostacyclin metabolite, 6-keto-PGF1alpha, as determined by unextracted plasma RIA. In addition, pre-treatment of animals with the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, phenoxybenzamine, almost totally abolished uterine and systemic blood pressure responses to tranylcypromine. These data suggest that tranylcypromine either releases or elevates levels of an alpha adrenergic stimulant which constricts the uterine and systemic vasculature and does not alter prostacyclin levels at the dose tested. PMID- 7043657 TI - Termination of second trimester pregnancy with laminaria and intramuscular 16 phenoxy-omega-17, 18, 19, 20 tetranor PGE2 methylsulfonylamide (sulprostone)-A randomised study. AB - 16 phenoxy-omega-17, 18, 19, 20 tetranor PGE2 methylsulfonylamide (Sulprostone) was used for termination of second trimester pregnancy in four groups of 30 patients. The drug was administered in intramuscular doses of either 0.5 mg four hourly or 1.0 mg 8 hourly. In two groups of 30 patients a medium size sterile laminaria was inserted into the cervical canal eight hours before the start of prostaglandin treatment. In the group treated with 1.0 mg sulprostone eight hourly, 96.7% of those with laminaria and 86.7% without laminaria aborted in respective mean times of 11.2 hrs and 17.5 hrs. All 30 patients (100%) in the laminaria group treated with 0.5 mg sulprostone four hourly aborted within 30 hours in a mean time of 10.4 hours compared with 26 patients (86.7%) in a mean time of 16.7 hours in the group without laminaria. One patient receiving 0.5 mg sulprostone four hourly (no laminaria) sustained a cervical tear requiring repair. The incidence of nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, cold and shivering was low an similar in the four groups. PMID- 7043658 TI - [Twenty second issue devoted to the medical problems of Nazi occupation]. PMID- 7043659 TI - Complete denture break-out procedure. PMID- 7043660 TI - Posterior full coverage porcelain with ideal function and occlusion (II). PMID- 7043661 TI - Principles of crown margin design. PMID- 7043662 TI - Ceramic/crown and bridge time study--a brief report. PMID- 7043663 TI - Role of H2-receptors in gastrogenic hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in dogs. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated that an acidified liver meal stimulates insulin release and raises plasma glucose levels. To examine the mechanism of these changes, a liver extract test meal at either pH 7 or at pH 2 was instilled into the stomach of dogs with a bisected pylorus and a gastric fistula during the infusion of either cimetidine, a specific H2-receptor antagonist, or a saline control. In response to the meal at pH 2 insulin, glucagon and glucose levels rose significantly and were not significantly changed by the infusion of cimetidine. In response to the liver meal at pH 7 a late rise in plasma glucagon levels was observed while plasma insulin and glucose did not change significantly; however, during the infusion of cimetidine a significant rise in plasma insulin and glucose levels occurred. The present data suggest that H2 receptors participate in an inhibitory mechanism with respect to the insulin and glucose response during the gastric phase of a neutral meal, but they do not seem to be involved in the rise in insulin and glucose observed in response to an acidified gastric meal. PMID- 7043665 TI - Cholecystokinin (CCK)/gastrin-like immunoreactive neurones in the cerebral ganglion of the protochordate ascidians Styela clava and Ascidiella aspersa. AB - Antisera raised against the COOH-terminal sequence of mammalian CCK/gastrin were used to ascertain the distribution of CCK/gastrin-like immunoreactive cells in the cerebral ganglion of two ascidian protochordates. Styela clava and Ascidiella aspersa. the cell bodies were found to have a specific regional distribution in Ascidiella, but not in Styela. In addition to central immunoreactive nerve fibres, a number of peripherally located immunoreactive fibres was found. These observations support the idea that some centrally originating protochordate neuronal peptides may have a peripheral role and give weight to the hypothesis that many vertebrate brain-gut peptides had their origin in the neuronal elements of more primitive species. PMID- 7043664 TI - Neural regulation of gastric acid secretion in rats: influence of dermorphin. AB - The effects of subcutaneous (s.c.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of dermorphin on gastric acid output both basal and stimulated by water distension of the stomach, insulin or histamine injections, were studied in conscious pylorus-ligated rats. Dermorphin injected i.c.v. suppressed the stimulation of gastric acid output by gastric water distension and this effect is dose-dependent, the threshold dose being 5 pmol . kg-1. Insulin stimulated gastric secretion is partially blocked by the peptide. Subcutaneous injections of dermorphin, at a dose of 625 nmol . kg-1, inhibited basal and water distension induced gastric secretion. The effects of i.c.v. and s.c. doses of dermorphin were antagonized by a 1 mg . kg-1 dose of naloxone s.c. Injections (i.c.v.) of dermorphin were ineffective on histamine-induced gastric secretion. The strong inhibitory effect of dermorphin on basal and central or reflexly stimulated gastric acid output suggests that the brain plays a role in the modulation of gastric secretory functions. PMID- 7043666 TI - Effects of caerulein and bombesin on insulin and glucagon secretion from the isolated, perfused rat pancreas. AB - Caerulein nd bombesin, peptides first isolated from amphibian skin, act upon the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. To determine if these peptides influence mammalian endocrine pancreatic function, we tested their effects on the isolated, perfused rat pancreas. In these experiments, we examined effects of constant infusions of either caerulein (10(-11) M through 10(-8) M) or bombesin (10(11) M through 3.0 . 10(-7) M) which were superimposed upon glucose. Secretory studies consisted of a 20-min basal period (60 mg/dl glucose), then a 15-min infusion of glucose (150 mg/dl). Effects of the peptides (10(-9) M) upon the response to post glucose arginine (168 mg/dl), confusion with glucose (60 mg/dl) for 15 min. were also studied. Neither peptide had any effect on basal insulin secretion. However, both peptides had distinct effects on insulin responses to the stimuli. Both caerulein and bombesin produced enhancement of glucose-induced insulin secretion, increasing total insulin secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Only caerulein enhanced arginine-induced insulin secretion. These peptides had no effect upon arginine-induced glucagon secretion. PMID- 7043667 TI - [Reno-gastric fistula: case report and review]. PMID- 7043668 TI - [Hospital infection due to Klebsiella pneumoniae in an outbreak of sepsis in newborn infants]. PMID- 7043669 TI - [Therapeutic trial with levamisole in recurrent obstructive bronchitis]. PMID- 7043670 TI - [Uric acid and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7043671 TI - [Constitution and alcoholism. Is alcoholism inherited?]. PMID- 7043672 TI - [Main drug interactions in anesthesiology. 1. Volatile inhalatory anesthetic agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043673 TI - [The pathophysiology and immune response to broncho-pulmonary bacterial infections (author's transl)]. AB - This study is in two parts. The first is devoted to a brief reminder of those situations in which pathogenic microbes invade the respiratory tract and is concerned with: the rapid elimination of the pathogen, thanks to the intervention of the first line of defence of the lung; a delayed elimination which sets in action complementary mechanisms inducing an inflammatory response; the overflow of the defence system with the development of the infectious illness. The second part is devoted to a review of the causes of failure of the defence mechanisms against the microbes. Two series of events are discussed: first constitutional immune deficiency and secondly acquired deficiencies. PMID- 7043674 TI - [The respiratory complications of D-Penicillamine therapy (author's transl)]. AB - The literature is reviewed on patients developing respiratory symptoms while receiving D-Penicillamine, most of whom suffered from rheumatoid arthritis. The manifestations were (in decreasing frequency) bronchiolitis obliterans, interstitial pneumonitis, a Good pasture's like syndrome and bronchospasm. For each complication we discuss diagnostic criteria, the implication of the drug and the pathogenesis. In addition we make suggestions regarding patients on D Penicillamine and emphasize the need for accurate reporting of adverse pulmonary effects to enlarge the epidemiological picture. PMID- 7043675 TI - [Shock in childhood. Clinical physiopathology and therapy]. PMID- 7043676 TI - [Rare cause of ischemic disease recently discovered: supracoronary myocardial bridges]. PMID- 7043677 TI - [Endocrinological aspects of fibrocystic mastopathy]. PMID- 7043678 TI - [Gastro-entero-pancreatic hormone and chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7043679 TI - Effect of chronic tolbutamide administration on normal and obese-hyperglycemic mice: evidence for post-receptor potentiation of insulin action. AB - Obese-hyperglycemic mice (genotype ob/ob) have hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, increased resistance to insulin action and decreased insulin receptors on their liver, fat cell and muscle plasma membranes. Hypoglycemic sulfonylureas are reported to improve diabetic control by decreasing the insulin resistance of subjects with Type II diabetes mellitus: however, it is not clear if their mechanism is to increase plasma membrane insulin receptors or to decrease post receptor insulin resistance. In this study we treated obese-hyperglycemic mice and their normal weight litter mates with the oral hypoglycemic sulfonylurea tolbutamide for 28 to 34 weeks. Tolbutamide administration to normal mice resulted in the following changes that were indicative of increased insulin action: (1) increased body weight; (2) increased epididymal fat-pad weight; (3) increased 2-deoxyglucose transport into the intact diaphragm muscle preparation. There was no alteration in plasma glucose, plasma insulin or pancreatic insulin content suggesting that the tolbutamide effect was an extrapancreatic effect that was probably not mediated by increased insulin secretion. There was no change in the insulin receptor number or affinity of liver cell membranes prepared from tolbutamide treated mice supporting the notion that the extrapancreatic effect of tolbutamide may occur at a post-insulin receptor location. In contrast to the normal mice, tolbutamide did not increase the body weight, epididymal fat pad weight, the already increased 2-deoxyglucose transport into diaphragm muscle or the decreased number of insulin receptors on hepatic plasma membranes. The tolbutamide caused a striking decrease in pancreatic insulin concentration and degranulation of the islets in obese but not normal mice. This is compatible with previous information that the obese mice have abnormal islets that are not under the normal feed-back control of ambient insulin concentration as are the islets of normal mice. We conclude that tolbutamide potentiates insulin action in normal, but not obese, mice and that this potentiation may be due to a post insulin receptor action. PMID- 7043680 TI - The glycemic effects of sympathomimetics in stressed mice. AB - Sympathomimetics are extensively used clinically as decongestants and bronchodilators in cough, cold, and sinus remedies. However, few studies have addressed the glycemic potentials of these drugs. In this study, the glycemic potentials of pseudoephedrine (PSD), ephedrine (EPD), and phenyl-propanolamine (PPA), the three most commonly used sympathomimetics, were evaluated. PSD caused a dose-dependent delayed hyperglycemia. This was attenuated when procedural stress was reduced. EPD and PPA did not increase the hyperglycemia due to procedural stress. EPD and PPA blunted the hyperglycemia in fed mice after a 2 g/kg oral glucose challenge; PSD had no effect. The effects of PPA and EPD on post-challenge glucose levels may be partially explained by increased insulin/glucose ratios at 15 minutes post-challenge. These studies indicate that there are differences in the glycemic effects among the sympathomimetics in stressed mice. PMID- 7043681 TI - In vivo alcohol metabolism in differential hepatic necrosis in the rat. PMID- 7043682 TI - Capoten-induced juxtaglomerular hyperplasia in rabbits. AB - The effects of the converting enzyme (CE) inhibitor, captopril, on blood pressure, plasma aldosterone, plasma renin activity (PRA), and kidney morphology were studied. Captopril, at a near maximum daily recommended human dose of approximately 5.0 mg/kg, was administered to rabbits over a period of six months. Mean arterial pressure, CE activity, and aldosterone levels were significantly reduced; PRA and renal renin activity were increased. Microscopic examination of the kidney showed marked hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in all of the treated animals. PMID- 7043683 TI - Accumulation of insulin and glucagon in the liver (via portal vein catheter or with liposomes) does not stimulate liver cell regeneration after partial hepatectomy in normal or portocaval shunted rats. AB - The regenerative activity of the liver parenchyma after two-thirds hepatectomy was examined in normal rats and rats with a fresh or 7-day-old portocaval shunt. The parameter for regeneration was the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA. The exogenous supply of insulin and glucagon--both potential stimulators of regeneration--by permanent infusion into the portal vein, or by several injections of the liposome-encapsulated hormones, did not significantly stimulate the rate of regeneration normally controlled by endogenous pancreatic hormones. PMID- 7043684 TI - Inhibition of the blastogenic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mitogen and antigens by bovine pulmonary macrophages and their culture supernatants. AB - Bovine pulmonary macrophages were shown to inhibit blastogenic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to high and low level stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin P. The blastogenic response of cells from calves sensitised to Pasteurella haemolytica or BCG, when stimulated with the corresponding antigen, was also suppressed by the addition of autologous pulmonary macrophages. Twenty-four-hour-old macrophage culture medium was likewise inhibitory to the blastogenic response. Determination of the arginine content of culture medium before and after 24 and 48 hours' incubation with macrophages showed a progressive decrease in arginine content. Dilution of the arginine deficient medium 1:16 with fresh culture medium did not reverse the inhibition, thus making arginine deficiency unlikely to account for the inhibition. PMID- 7043685 TI - Raillietina cesticillus: rejection by bursa-deficient chickens. AB - Chickens in which antibody-forming capacity was abrogated by bursectomy and irradiation developed protective immunity against Raillietina cesticillus as effective as controls which had specific antiworm antibodies in their sera and immunoglobulin positive cells in splenic and intestinal tissues. It is concluded that antibodies are not essential for the rejection of the tapeworm by chickens and may even retard rejection. PMID- 7043686 TI - Changes in certain metabolic parameters in horses associated with food deprivation and endurance exercise. AB - Total and individual non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), pyruvate, lactate, alpha ketoglutarate, acetoacetate, beta hydroxybutyrate, glucose and insulin were measured in horses during an 80 km endurance ride and during four days of food deprivation. In the latter group venous blood-gas and acid-base parameters, and plasma cortisol concentrations were also measured. During exercise and food deprivation the NEFA became considerably elevated, the predominant of which were oleic (35 per cent), palmitic (24 per cent), linoleic (19 per cent) and linolenic (10 per cent). By one hour after feeding total NEFA fell to approximately 20 per cent of 12 hour fasting concentrations. This was associated with a four fold rise in insulin. Small though significant increases occurred in lactate, acetoacetate and beta hydroxybutyrate after the 80 km endurance ride. It was concluded that a ketone pathway is relatively unimportant in the horse, probably due to the ability of the liver to maintain glycogenolysis. PMID- 7043687 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity skin test for detection of immune responses against Salmonella in cattle. AB - Intracutaneous injection of a crude supernatant fraction from homogenised Salmonella typhimurium (O antigens 4, 5, 12) or S dublin (O antigens 9, 12) in 250 cattle or calves from salmonella infected herds elicited in 27 per cent and 42 per cent, respectively, a local dermal reaction. Both the time course and histological examinations of biopsy materials indicated a delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction. No local dermal reactions were seen in any of 250 heads of cattle or calves from control herds. The immunological characterisation of the S typhimurium and S dublin crude extracts revealed that they contained O antigens (ie, lipopolysaccharides) and outer membrane proteins, porins. A Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O3 extract did not evoke skin reactions in any of 70 tested animals. Fifteen calves infected with S typhimurium and five with S dublin exhibited increased ELISA titres against the O antigenically homologous lipopolysaccharides. PMID- 7043688 TI - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies to rinderpest virus in experimentally infected cattle. PMID- 7043689 TI - [High frequency positive pressure ventilation: its physiology and application to acute respiratory failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043690 TI - [The future of ECMO for acute respiratory failure judged from our experiences (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043691 TI - [Respiration during sleep (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043692 TI - [Bronchial asthma, its etiology and diagnosis]. PMID- 7043693 TI - [Clinical trials on chemotherapy of tuberculosis in Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043694 TI - [70th anniversary of the Central Emergency Service of Santiago (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043695 TI - [Insulin levels in non-insulin dependent diabetics with secondary failure to oral hypoglycemic agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043696 TI - [The meaning of biomedical research for the development of a medical school (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043697 TI - [The literary work of Chilean physicians (IV)]. PMID- 7043698 TI - [A prediction of the future of medicine made in 1878 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043699 TI - [Elastosis and immunocytochemical study. Two new factors for the histopathological prognosis of breast cancer? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043700 TI - [Remembering the past. Jehan Yperman and medical ethics]. PMID- 7043701 TI - [A Reduvius personatus (L) sting in Belgium (Hemiptera Heteroptera Reduviidae)]. PMID- 7043702 TI - [Physiopathology of glucose and lipid storage in man]. PMID- 7043703 TI - Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in Europe and the United States. AB - Nontyphoid salmonellosis has been said to be a zoonosis; hence, antibiotic resistance in the salmonella serotypes is thought to be derived directly from resistance in the animal reservoir. This thesis seems incorrect for the following reasons: (1) Typhoid and paratyphoidal salmonellae are clearly exceptions to the rule since they are restricted to human hosts. (2) Salmonella isolates involved in food-borne outbreaks disease have not been notable in terms of their antibiotic resistance. (3) In contrast, outbreaks of nosocomial disease, transmitted from person to person and persisting for long periods, have produced and disseminated multiple resistant salmonellae, such as Salmonella wien (another serotype without an animal reservoir) in western Europe. (4) In western Europe and the United States, there are often large differences between the resistance of isolates from animals and that of isolates from humans. (5) In most reported outbreaks of disease caused by antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in humans or animals, the administration of therapeutic concentrations of antibiotics has been implicated. (6) The role of low-concentration, growth-promoting antibiotic feed supplements has been much discussed but never has been delineated or proven. In fact, these supplements probably are totally irrelevant to the development of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella. With regard to Salmonella, there is an exception to every rule; in this case the exception is Salmonella dublin, which in western Europe is a highly antibiotic-resistant serotype in cattle and appears in humans with a similar--and unusual--pattern of resistance. PMID- 7043704 TI - The significance of iron in infection. AB - The iron-binding proteins transferrin and lactoferrin restrict the amount of ionic iron available in body fluids to 10(-18) M. This amount is insufficient for normal bacterial growth, and pathogens acquire iron either by producing iron chelating agents or by utilizing heme compounds. Iron-binding proteins, in combination with antibodies, often have powerful bacteriostatic effects in vitro and are essential for protection against many infections. Lactoferrin appears to be essential for the bactericidal function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fever lowers the concentration of iron in serum and favors resistance to infection. Liberation of heme compounds can enhance clinical infections. PMID- 7043705 TI - Abnormal phagocyte chemotaxis: pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management of patients. PMID- 7043706 TI - Who introduced typhoid vaccination: Almroth Write or Richard Pfeiffer? AB - The British pathologist Almroth Wright generally is credited with the initiation of typhoid vaccination in 1896. His claims of priority were challenged as early as 1907 in favor of Richard Pfeiffer, a German bacteriologist and a student of Robert Koch. A review of the original literature of the 1890s and the early 1900s revealed that several groups were working on typhoid vaccine at the same time and that the credit for the initiation of typhoid vaccine studies should be shared by these two great researchers. PMID- 7043707 TI - Introduction to vancomycin. AB - The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus in hospitalized patients during the early 1950s stimulated research designed to develop new antimicrobial agents that would combat the "golden plague." Vancomycin, produced by a microorganism found in a soil sample from the jungle trails of Borneo, was shown to have antistaphylococcal activity and to be relatively safe when administered to patients with staphylococcal infections. In a recent resurgence in the use of vancomycin, investigators have reported the value of this antibiotic in the treatment of staphlococcal infections against which the newer antistaphylococcal antibiotics are ineffective. In addition, vancomycin is being used for prophylaxis in patients undergoing renal dialysis, for treatment of antibiotic-induced enterocolitis, and in combination with an aminoglycoside for "sterilization" of the intestinal tract of patients with cancer. PMID- 7043708 TI - [Mechanical suture by stapling in colon or ileo-rectal anastomosis]. PMID- 7043709 TI - [Adventures of a cure taker...from Napoleon III to the Belle Epoque]. PMID- 7043710 TI - A double-blind trial comparing indomethacin sustained release capsules (Indocid R) with indomethacin capsules in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A double-blind, controlled and completely randomized trial was conducted in four European rheumatology clinics. Eighty-six patients with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and prior treatment of at least six months' duration with indomethacin 150 mg/day were studied. Comparisons of the clinical efficacy, tolerability and safety of a new, oral sustained-release formulation of indomethacin were made with a conventional formulation of indomethacin. In all clinical indices of response, the indomethacin sustained-release 75 mg capsule b.i.d. was found to provide relief of symptoms similar to the conventional 50 mg capsule t.i.d. The incidence of overall adverse clinical and laboratory effects was comparable for the two treatments. PMID- 7043711 TI - Thymopoietin in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In a controlled study involving 36 patients, thymopoietin was shown to be more effective than levamisole and as effective as penicillamine in improving the clinical status of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. There were small reductions in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and IgG which did not achieve statistical significance. Rheumatoid factor titre did not change. Although its mechanism of action is almost certainly related to its immunomodulatory properties it does not seem to be the same as that of levamisole. PMID- 7043712 TI - Naproxen and diflunisal in osteoarthrosis. AB - Sixty-two patients with osteoarthrosis entered a 10-week double-blind cross-over trial of diflunisal and naproxen. Eight patients withdrew for drug-related reason, and seven for other reasons. There was no statistically significant difference in parameters of disease activity on each treatment period, but naproxen produced fewer withdrawals due to drug-related side-effects. PMID- 7043714 TI - Orpheus in Perugia. PMID- 7043713 TI - Analgesic properties of fluproquazone. AB - Fluproquazone, a new analgesic, was compared to a dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride and paracetamol combination (Cosalgesic) in a single blind trial lasting for five days. The trial included cases of various soft-tissue lesions and osteoarthrosis. Treatment was given to 170 patients, 84 of whom received fluproquazone and 86 the combination analgesic. The patients themselves made daily records of the severity of pain on a 100 mm visual analogue scale and in both treatment groups there was highly significant relief of pain, but with no significant differences between them. However, the incidence of side-effects was significantly higher with dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride-paracetamol (30%) than with fluproquazone (9%). PMID- 7043715 TI - Aspects of German biology. From Virchow to Driesch. PMID- 7043716 TI - Metaphysical ideas and the development of science. PMID- 7043717 TI - Florence Nightingale: change agent. PMID- 7043718 TI - Spontaneous aggregation of streptococcus mitis ATCC 903. AB - Glucose or sucrose grown cells of Streptococcus mitis ATCC 903 bind spontaneously to the surface of each other producing visible microbial aggregates upon incubation in 10 mM phosphate, citrate-phosphate or tris-maleate buffers. Aggregation was delayed and proceeded at a slower rate when bacteria grown in a culture medium with a low carbohydrate/nitrogen ratio were used. Growth in this culture medium resulted in carbohydrate limitation. The aggregation was highly reproducible and was unaffected by pH in the range of 4.4-7.0 but was decreased at pH 8.0 and completely inhibited at pH 9.0. No inhibition of the reaction was observed when a series of simple and complex carbohydrates were added. There was no significant difference in the rate of aggregation at 20, 30 and 37 degrees C. Aggregation occurred at a demonstrable rate of 0 degrees. Chloramphenicol did not inhibit aggregation. Since inhibition of aggregation was obtained by treatment of bacteria with trypsin or heat it appears that protein of glycoprotein components on the bacterial surface were involved in the reaction. PMID- 7043719 TI - Ratio of alpha-1-antitrypsin to transferrin in gingival fluid and in blood from patients with periodontal disease. AB - In 30 men and 29 women the mean gingival exudate ratio alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT)/transferrin (Tr) was higher than the mean blood ratio for A1AT/Tr, when determined by double electroimmunoassay. It suggests that A1AT penetrates the tissue more easily than transferrin probably due to its smaller molecular size or that migration into the extracellular space occurs due to consumption by proteolytic enzymes. The gingival exudate ratio and the blood ratio for A1AT/Tr were not related to periodontal disease when considered separately. However, the difference between the exudate ratio and the corresponding blood ratio was significantly less (P = 0.02) for individuals with periodontal disease. This suggests that the ratio difference is of importance in the destruction of tooth supporting collagen fibers. PMID- 7043720 TI - Distribution of blood group antigens A, B and H in ameloblastomas. AB - The histologic distribution of blood group antigens, A, B and H was examined in ameloblastomas and normal mucosa from 15 patients. The blood group antigens were demonstrated with a semiquantitative immunofluorescence staining method. Blood group antigens A and B were absent in the ameloblastomas, whereas the spinous cells of the oral mucosal epithelium showed a positive reaction in correspondence with the patient's blood group. Blood group antigen H was demonstrated in 14 of 15 ameloblastomas from patients belonging to blood group A, B, AB or O. In the oral mucosal epithelium from these patients blood group antigen H in all cases was located to the cell membranes of the spinous cells. The present findings suggest that a difference in ability to synthesize blood groups antigen H and the blood group antigens A and B exists in the ameloblastoma. PMID- 7043721 TI - Morton Simonsen. PMID- 7043722 TI - Bone absorption and the immune system. AB - The absorption of bone in Gruneberg microphthalmic mice and the op op osteopetrotic rat can be stimulated by an injection of compatible bone marrow, and complete resorption can occur. It is probable that the bone-absorbing osteoclast responsible is derived from a haematopoietic stem cell resident in the bone marrow (BM). Maintenance of the resorption depends on the survival of donor cells which has an important implication for clinical therapy in man. No evidence was found that the thymus played a leading role in the mechanism of bone absorption in the Gruneberg microphthalmic mouse, or in the op op rat. PMID- 7043723 TI - Chicken major histocompatibility complex and disease. AB - The chicken MHC (B complex) initially described by Briles as controlling blood antigens, is now known to be composed of at least three regions, L, F and G. Two of these, F and G, were described on the basis of recombinants found in a study of over 10,000 chickens. On the basis of biochemical, tissue distribution and functional analyses, F corresponds to the murine H-2 K/D regions. The G region is unique to the chicken since the antigenic product is expressed only on erythrocytes and their progenitors. L was identified by serological studies and corresponds to the H-2 I region; the L antigen is expressed predominantly on B lymphocytes, monocytes and 10% of T lymphocytes, and differences in the L region result in variations in immune responsiveness. A number of functional similarities exist between the chicken MHC and that of other species such as regulation of graft rejection, graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) and mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR), mitogenic and immune responsiveness and resistance to RNA and DNA virus infection. The chicken MHC also controls the severity of autoimmune disease, as exemplified by the spontaneous thyroiditis of Obese strain (OS) chickens. It differs from mammalian MHC's by having of lower crossing-over frequency and no apparent gene duplication. PMID- 7043724 TI - Information transfer between the minor antigen and T cell receptor repertoires. PMID- 7043725 TI - [Neurobiological principles of binocular space perception. Historical review on the development of the concept and knowledge]. AB - Binocular vision and space perception are not readily explained on the basis of direct anatomical evidence on the visual system. Galen (2nd century A.D.) localized the mechanism underlying binocular vision into the optic chiasm. Nearly 2000 years later the famous physicist Newton (1704), undoubtedly stimulated by clinical reports on hemianopia and Descartes' (1686) hypothesis on the retinal image projections on the brain, came up with a new hypothesis on the optic chiasm which could explain how information from homonymous visual hemifields could converge from the two eyes to one and the same area in the brain. He predicted that the temporal retinal fibers of both eyes fail to cross. Irrefutable proof of the special arrangement of the optic chiasm was provided by Ramon y Cajal (1899) with the aid of the Golgi method. It took more than 50 years before binocularly oriented cells were discovered in the visual cortex by Baumgartner and colleagues (1958), and before neurons were found in that area by Hubel and Wiesel (1959) which responded to stimulation from corresponding retinal sites of the two eyes. These electrophysiological studies profited by the localization of the cortical visual center in the occipital lobe by Panizza (1856), the identification of the corpus geniculatum laterale as a relais station of the retino-cortical pathway by Monakow (1883, 1885) and the discovery of the projection of homonymous retinal halves upon alternating layers of this structure by Minkowski (1920). Wheatstone opened the road to the understanding of stereoscopic vision by inventing the stereoscope in 1838. He based his research largely upon the the investigation of Aguilonius (1613), Vieth (1818) and Muller (1926) on the horopter. The most elegant evidence on the significance of visual disparity for depth perception came recently from Julesz and his demonstration of "random-dot-stereograms" (1971). Binocular neurons which are sensitive to minimal stimulus disparities within Panum's area (1858) have only recently been observed in the striate cortex by electrophysiological recordings (Barlow et al., 1967; Poggio and Fischer, 1977). These cells were designated as "disparity or depth detectors". They displace the "cyclopean eye" of Helmholtz (1867) and Hering (1879) from its Homeric seat in the forehead to the cortical field whose striations were already noted by Gennari (1782) near the posterior end of the cranium. PMID- 7043726 TI - [Intravenous injections of dissolved pentazocin tablets (Fortalgesic)--a new aspect of drug abuse in our country?]. AB - A first case is reported of illicit intravenous injection of pentazocine tablets recognized in a country other than the USA. The pulmonary complications of i.v. drug abuse in general and in particular the hazards of injection of aqueous suspensions of pharmaceutical preparations intended for oral consumption, with embolization of abundant insoluble foreign material, are discussed. Diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic procedures are suggested. PMID- 7043727 TI - [Drug therapy in liver disease]. AB - Patients with liver disease often show unusual responses to "standard" doses of drugs. Increased variability of response to drugs which are predominantly eliminated by the liver is mainly due to altered pharmacokinetics in the presence of hepatic dysfunction. The possible prediction of abnormal pharmacokinetics in hepatic disease requires a knowledge of the pharmacokinetic characteristics of a particular drug in healthy subjects and of the major pathophysiologic alterations which occur in a given form of liver disease. In all cases with significant impairment of the metabolic capacity of the liver (e.g. acute viral hepatitis), dosage adjustments should be based on decreased (hepatic) clearance rather than on prolongation of halflife of the respective drug. In addition, oral doses of those drugs which under normal conditions are efficiently extracted from sinusoidal blood by hepatocytes should be further reduced in chronic liver disease (e.g. cirrhosis) as marked increases in their systemic bioavailability occur in the presence of altered hepatic blood flow. PMID- 7043728 TI - [Diflunisal compared with naproxen in chronic polyarthritis. Double-blind study]. AB - Diflunisal, a new analgesic/anti-inflammatory monosubstance, has been compared with naproxen in a double-blind study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In doses of 1 g diflunisal daily and 750 mg naproxen daily both therapies resulted in significant improvements in subjective and objective parameters measured - day and night pain, morning stiffness, Ritchie index, grip strength, and doctor and patient assessment of overall effect. Side effects were uncommon and of little significance in the diflunisal-treated patients, whereas two patients in the naproxen group were dropped from the study because of clinically significant drug related side effects. It is concluded that diflunisal should be a very useful addition to the therapies currently available. PMID- 7043729 TI - [Counting of thrombocytes in a medium-sized clinical routine laboratory. Comparative study of a new electronic counting procedure]. AB - Three platelet counting methods, i.e. the phase contrast microscopic method, the Thrombocounter (Coulter) and Thrombocell 1000 (Contraves), have been analyzed and compared. Critical evaluation of the results showed marked superiority of the electronic systems over microscopic counting regarding reproducibility and time requirement. The simplicity of sample preparation, which requires no hematocrit correction, and the availability of a capillary blood method renders the Thrombocell 1000 superior to the Coulter Thrombocounter. PMID- 7043730 TI - [Physician and biochemist Emil Abderhalden (1877-1950) and his relation to veterinary medicine]. PMID- 7043731 TI - Cocaine. PMID- 7043732 TI - Hormesis--the stimulation of growth by low levels of inhibitors. AB - Hormesis is the name given to the stimulatory effects caused by low levels of potentially toxic agents. When this phenomenon was first identified it was called the Arndt-Schulz Law or Hueppe's Rule because it was thought to occur generally. Although this generalisation is not accepted today, there has never been more evidence in its support, justifying a re-examination of the phenomenon. Evidence from the literature shows that not only has growth hormesis been observed in a range of taxa after exposure to a variety of agents, but also that the dose response data have a consistent form. While there are a number of separate hypotheses to explain specific instances of hormesis, the evidence presented here suggests that different examples might have a common explanation, and the possibility of a general theory is considered. PMID- 7043733 TI - Heavy metal content of oysters from the Lynher Estuary, U.K. AB - The concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Zn have been determined in oysters and sediments from the Lynher Estuary, U.K. The sediments contained high levels of Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn probably associated with run off from a metalliferous catchment area and high Hg associated with a local sewage input. In contrast, the analyses of the oyster tissue showed that only Cu and Zn were concentrated in the flesh. The majority of samples contained coliform bacteria in excess of 1000 organisms per ml of tissue. It is concluded that the quality of the oysters from this fishery was limited by the bacteriological cleanliness rather than toxic metal content. PMID- 7043734 TI - Hybridoma technology. PMID- 7043735 TI - Ribosomal crystalline arrays of large subunits from Escherichia coli. AB - Crystalline sheets of the 50S ribosomal subunits of Escherichia coli have been formed in vitro. Electron micrographs of these arrays diffract to 35-angstrom resolution. The lattice parameters of the crystals are a = 330 +/- 20 angstroms, b = 330 +/- 30 angstroms, and alpha = 123 degrees +/- 5 degrees, and the space group is most likely p21. These arrays of ribosomal subunits are sufficiently ordered to resolve such known features of the large ribosomal subunit as the L7/L12 stalk and the central protuberance. PMID- 7043736 TI - Induction of crisis forms in cultured Plasmodium falciparum with human immune serum from Sudan. AB - Serums from 90 individuals from three areas in Sudan were tested for inhibitory activity against cultures of Plasmodium falciparum. In addition to inhibitory activity against merozoite invasion, all of the serums demonstrated, in varying degrees, the ability to retard intraerythrocyte development, leading to crisis forms and parasite deterioration. These retardation factors could be removed by absorption of immune serum with parasite-infected erythrocytes and were demonstrable in purified immunoglobulin fractions. Serum from donors in hypoendemic Khartoum did not retard parasite development. PMID- 7043737 TI - Lyme disease-a tick-borne spirochetosis? AB - A treponema-like spirochete was detected in and isolated from adult Ixodes dammini, the incriminated tick vector of Lyme disease. Causally related to the spirochetes may be long-lasting cutaneous lesions that appeared on New Zealand White rabbits 10 to 12 weeks after infected ticks fed on them. Samples of serum from patients with Lyme disease were shown by indirect immunofluorescence to contain antibodies to this agent. It is suggested that the newly discovered spirochete is involved in the etiology of Lyme disease. PMID- 7043738 TI - Alloantibodies and platelet destruction. PMID- 7043739 TI - Platelet destruction in renal disease. PMID- 7043740 TI - Evaluation of the postoperative patient with 99mTc-IDA cholescintigraphy. AB - In order to assess the role of 99mTc-iminodiacetic acid (IDA) cholescintigraphy in evaluating postoperative patients, a total of 213 studies were performed in 189 patients over a 3-year time period. Of these, 130 studies were obtained in 125 cases with signs and/or symptoms suggesting postcholecystectomy syndrome. A normal sized duct that emptied within an hour ruled out significant pathology with a high degree of accuracy (97%). A less reliable finding of normalcy was the combination of ductal dilatation with functional patency in that three of 20 patients (15%) who exhibited this pattern were proven to have nonobstructing calculi in their common bile duct. AZ spectrum of abnormal findings was encountered. Ductal dilatation was a most significant indicator of partial or intermittent ductal obstruction when it was associated with altered time-activity dynamics in the ducts and secondarily, delayed biliary-to-bowel transit time of the radiotracer. Patterns indicating complete common duct obstruction, cystic duct remnants, and bile leaks also proved to be very sensitive. Seventy-three studies in 56 patients very accurately evaluated the integrity of biliary-enteric bypass anastomosis. Complete and partial obstructive patterns were similar in appearance to those encountered in postcholecystectomy syndrome. Several leaks were also detected in this patient population. Ten studies were performed in eight patients who underwent Billroth II gastroenterostomies primarily to see if afferent loop obstruction was present. Three of these patients did demonstrate dilated A-loops with stasis, thereby making a positive diagnosis possible. PMID- 7043741 TI - Scintigraphic evaluation of diffuse hepatic disease. PMID- 7043742 TI - Psychosocial factors and psychophysiological mechanisms in the aetiology and development of cancers. AB - Socio-cultural factors which may play a contributory role in the aetiology of cancer have been extensively investigated and it is well established that the incidence rates of different forms and sites of the disease are not equally distributed throughout the population. Social class, occupational, environmental and 'life-style' differences, amongst others, have been found to be associated with an excess risk of cancer, although the argument concerning the relative importance of these various factors remains a controversial one. It seems increasingly clear however, that there are large behavioural components which govern exposure to potential carcinogens and there is growing interest in the extent to which social and psychological demands may be associated with these agents or may operate as contributory factors in their own right. A number of early studies of psychological approaches to the study of cancer aetiology are reviewed from a methodological perspective. Much of the early work suffered from the problem that psychological characteristics of individuals who already had cancer were used to construct models concerned with aetiological factors. A number of the more recent studies which have attempted to overcome these difficulties are discussed. Tentatively, these later investigations suggest that two main groups of factors are related to an increased risk of cancer. First, the loss of, or lack of closeness or attachment to an important relation (often a parent) early in life, and second, the inability to express hostile feelings or more generally the abnormal release of emotion. Several psychophysiological mechanisms are reviewed which have attempted to account for the relationship between psychological disturbances and the onset of cancer, particularly the growing evidence which implicated a role for the immune system as a link between the central nervous system and disease processes. PMID- 7043743 TI - Social factors in the etiology of multiple outcomes: the case of blood pressure and alcohol consumption patterns. AB - The literature addressing the relationships between biological and social factors in the etiology of multiple chronic diseases occurring simultaneously is presented. The rationale for studying such multiple outcomes is presented in terms of providing a realistic appraisal of the development of chronic diseases from a clinical perspective; i.e. persons with chronic illnesses often have more than one illness at the same time. Social processes related to the development of one joint disease outcome, namely clinically elevated blood pressure and heavy alcohol consumption patterns, are discussed, and emphasis is given to elaborating the role of stress and social support in the etiologic process. Several alternative models are presented to account for the etiology of the joint outcome, and a research agenda is suggested. PMID- 7043744 TI - [Lumbago and sciatica. Chemonucleolysis]. PMID- 7043745 TI - [GRF glue]. PMID- 7043746 TI - [The psychological examination of children]. PMID- 7043747 TI - Cinoxacin therapy for urinary tract infections: therapeutic safety and efficacy. AB - We gave cinoxacin to 125 patients with initial and recurrent urinary tract infections to investigate the safety and efficacy of this new antimicrobial agent. Patients ranging in age from 18 to 92 were treated with 500 mg twice daily for nine days. Analysis showed a satisfactory symptomatic response rate of 96% and a bacteriologic cure rate of 92%, with mild side effects observed in 6% of the participants. PMID- 7043748 TI - Endocarditis caused by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. AB - Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, a small, gram-negative bacillus with fastidious growth requirements, is a rare cause of endocarditis. The clinical course of this disease is characterized by long duration of symptoms before diagnosis (average of three months), prolonged incubation before growth (average of six days), and a high embolic rate. The optimal antimicrobial regimen cannot be determined from available data, but the combination of ampicillin and an aminoglycoside may offer the best chance for cure. Two cases are presented, one successfully treated. Previously reported cases are reviewed. PMID- 7043749 TI - The Charles Henderson Child Health Center. AB - Would it be possible to develop an outstanding child health center in a rural area such as Troy, Alabama--one that, in quality and usefulness, would be second to none? Governor Charles Henderson extended the challenge through a trust that supported the establishment of such a center within six miles of Troy. The challenge was accepted, and this article tells how it was accomplished. PMID- 7043750 TI - Poisoning by antimony: a case report (Oliver Goldsmith). AB - Poisoning by antimony led to the death of a great individual in English literature. This case report gives as much of the history of the illness as can be found and tells a little about the individual. PMID- 7043751 TI - Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistant falciparum malaria in Thai children. AB - Sixty-eight children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Bangkok during April-December 1980 were randomly divided into 3 groups and given 3 regimens. Group 1 of 27 cases were treated with a single dose of sulfadoxine 20 mg per kg body wt and pyrimethamine 1.0 mg per kg body wt. Two cases (7.4%) were cured (S) while 4 cases (14.8%) showed RI failure, 17 cases (63.0%) RII failure and 4 cases (14.8) RIII failure. In Group 2, 18 cases were treated with a single dose of sulfadoxine 30 mg per kg body wt and pyrimethamine 1.5 mg per kg body wt. Two cases (11.1%) were cured (S), while 7 cases (38.9%) showed RI failure, 7 cases (38.9%) RII failure and 2 cases (11.1%) RIII failure. In Group 3, 23 cases were treated with quinine 10 mg base per kg body wt 8 hourly for 5 days plus sulfadoxine 20 mg per kg body wt and pyrimethamine 1.0 mg per kg body wt, single dose given with the last dose of quinine. Thirteen cases (56.5%) were cured (S), while 10 cases (43.5%) showed RI failure. PMID- 7043752 TI - [Horsley's wax]. PMID- 7043753 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast cancer in premenopausal women. AB - Surgery alone does not cure breast cancer, and adjuvant chemotherapy has changed the management of this disease. Data obtained in 81 premenopausal women with operable breast cancer, treated at our clinic, are presented. Patients with axillary node disease were treated on three different protocols: cyclophosphamide + methotrexate + fluoro-uracil + vincristine + prednisone (CMFVP), cyclophosphamide + methotrexate + fluoro-uracil (CMF), and CMF + immunotherapy with methanol extract residue of BCG (CMF + MER). Patient discriminants and treatment regimens are discussed. Analysis of the results obtained in 49 patients in one study showed an extension of disease-free survival to 4,25 years, that CMFVP was superior to CMF with or without MER, and that immunotherapy was not beneficial. The literature is briefly reviewed and the motivation for our newer studies stated. PMID- 7043754 TI - Mianserin and clomipramine in the treatment of depression. AB - Forty-two patients aged between 19 and 70 years (30 women and 12 men) suffering from primary unipolar depression were randomly selected and treated under double blind conditions with either mianserin (Lantanon; Organon) or clomipramine (Anafranil; Ciba-Geigy) after an initial wash-out period. Patients on all other medication, including benzodiazepines, were excluded from the study. The severity of depression was assessed on day 0 and after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks' treatment. There were no significant pretrial differences between the groups in respect of severity of depression, age, sex or previous psychiatric history. During the 1st week of treatment all subjects received either mianserin 30 mg or clomipramine 75 mg once daily. From the 2nd week onwards the dose was doubled. Thirty patients completed the trial, 16 on mianserin and 14 on clomipramine. The improvement on both treatments was marked, favouring mianserin but only reaching significance in the 5th week. Side-effects, especially tremor, tachycardia, dystonia, dizziness, excitement, nasal congestion and dry mouth, were significantly more common in the group using clomipramine. This study confirms reports that mianserin is an effective antidepressant which is better tolerated and produces fewer side effects (especially anticholinergic) than comparable tricyclic antidepressants such as clomipramine. PMID- 7043755 TI - Clinical anatomy and physiology of the spleen. AB - Knowledge of the anatomy and function of the spleen is essential for the assessment of its role in disease. Of particular importance is the contribution of the spleen to the immune response and defence against infection, and the need to preserve this by a more conservative approach to the management of the ruptured spleen. Information regarding the segmental blood supply is being reassessed for possible application in surgery, while other methods of protecting children from episodes of overwhelming infection following splenectomy are in the process of evaluation. PMID- 7043756 TI - [Miscellaneous records of medico-dental and pharmacological history (27)]. PMID- 7043757 TI - [Evaluation of iron metabolism by ferrokinetic tests: its hematologic use]. PMID- 7043758 TI - Variable convalescence and therapy after cadaveric renal transplantation under cyclosporin A and steroids. AB - The postoperative convalescence period was analyzed for 42 consecutive patients who had cadaveric renal transplantation under therapy with cyclosporin A and steroids. Twenty-two of the patients underwent transplantation for the first time, and the other 20 had retransplantation. None of the recipients has died. With follow-up period of two to eight months, the survival rate of grafts is 96 per cent after first transplantation and 85 per cent after retransplantation. Immunosuppression with a standard regimen was used for all patients at the outset. Early convalescence was highly variable, often necessitating adjustments of cyclosporin A and steroid dosage to accommodate the possibilities of rejection or cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity, or both, simultaneously. Management problems were more frequent and complex in patients undergoing retransplantation. From the results, a classification of convalescence patterns was evolved, with recommendations about how standardized initial therapy should be adjusted if the renal graft does not function promptly or deteriorates later. PMID- 7043759 TI - A technique for the construction of high biliary-enteric anastomoses. PMID- 7043760 TI - Reflections on the military involvement of a medical school. PMID- 7043761 TI - The surgical implications of hypercalcitonemia. PMID- 7043762 TI - Alexander Ivanovich Arutyunov 1904-1975. PMID- 7043763 TI - Harvey Cushing and Sven Hedin. PMID- 7043766 TI - [The prosthodontic rehabilitation of prognathism in adult with diphyodont denture]. PMID- 7043764 TI - Toward a definition of papilledema: a historical review, 1851-1911. PMID- 7043765 TI - A microstereotactic approach to deep-seated arteriovenous malformations. PMID- 7043767 TI - Fine-needle aspiration versus drill-needle biopsy of thyroid nodules: a controlled clinical trial. AB - Percutaneous needle biopsy by two different methods was evaluated in a prospective controlled study of 167 consecutive patients with dominant thyroid nodules. Fine-needle aspiration was superior to high-speed drill-needle biopsy because of its higher diagnostic yield (93.9%). When a sample sufficient for diagnosis was obtained, the accuracy rate for both methods was comparable. Diagnostic errors were due to inadequate samples, difficulties in interpreting hypercellular adenomas, and geographic sampling problems. In the detection of thyroid cancer, neither technique alone appears completely adequate because of occasional false negative errors. The selection of patients for operation should depend on clinical parameters as well as the findings on fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules. PMID- 7043768 TI - Group D Salmonella thoracic aortitis: a case report. PMID- 7043769 TI - Dad Cupp. PMID- 7043770 TI - [Unusual case of an insulin-producing tumor]. PMID- 7043771 TI - An improved technique for culture of catheter tips from open-heart surgery patients. PMID- 7043773 TI - [Methods of adverse drug reaction monitoring. I,Collection of data and type of studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043772 TI - Vasculitis and granulomatosis of the respiratory tract. PMID- 7043774 TI - [Methodology of clinical trials of a laxative]. PMID- 7043775 TI - [Interaction of quinidine on the pharmacokinetics of digitoxin : a controversal view (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043776 TI - [Oses, holosides and polyols effect on intestinal absorption of some minerals and organic molecules (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043777 TI - [Appearance of antinuclear antibodies during combined treatment with captopril. A case followed over a long period]. PMID- 7043778 TI - I remember Mama, too: a dentist's wife--circa 1900. PMID- 7043779 TI - [Economics of left-sided abomasal displacement (author's transl)]. AB - In deciding whether or not to treat cattle with left-sided abomasal displacement, economic factors play an important role. The loss suffered on surgical treatment involving laparotomy is determined by the cost of treatment, the loss of production and the result of treatment which can be expected. A computer will assist in calculating that, when the likelihood of successful treatment varies from 70 to 80 per cent, surgery by laparotomy will only be preferable to culling when the animal shows a level of production, which is obviously above the average. Of the alternative methods of treatment, the roll-and-suture procedure will markedly affect the choice in favour of treatment in view of the smaller cost of therapy when the result of treatment is satisfactory and the drop in production may be smaller. PMID- 7043780 TI - [The treatment of diabetes mellitus with insulin infusion pumps]. PMID- 7043782 TI - Colicins: a minireview. AB - Colicin are toxins that kill specifically E. coli bacteria. These cells have both an outer and a cytoplasmic membrane. Thus, three steps can be distinguished in colicin action: a) the interaction with specific receptors located at the cell surface, b) the uptake through the outer and eventually through the inner membrane, c) the action of the cell target that leads to cell death. In this short review, an overlook of these three steps is given. PMID- 7043781 TI - Localization of sites for 125I-labelled botulinum neurotoxin at murine neuromuscular junction and its binding to rat brain synaptosomes. AB - Botulinum neurotoxin, purified to homogeneity from Clostridium botulinum (Type A), was found to be highly neurotoxic (greater than 8 X 10(7) mouse LD50/mg protein). Labelling of this pure neurotoxin with 125I-iodine to high specific radioactivity was achieved without appreciable loss of biological activity. This was used to demonstrate saturable binding sites for this toxin at the neuromuscular junction, following in vivo administration into mice. A demonstrable inhibitory effect of the neurotoxin on release of acetylcholine from rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes indicates that it affects synapses in the central nervous system. Kinetic studies on the binding of 125I-labelled neurotoxin to brain synaptosomes yielded an association rate constant of 2.3 x 10(5)M-1s-1; dissociation plots were biphasic and the predominant species showed a rate constant of 1.2 X 10(-4)s-1. The saturable binding component is heat sensitive and inactivated by trypsin. Preliminary studies showed that botulinum neurotoxin associates with plasma membrane fractions of synaptosomes and that binding does not result in any gross structural changes, at least in the majority of the toxin molecules. PMID- 7043783 TI - Thrombin-like snake venom proteinases. AB - Proteinases affecting one or several physiological thrombin substrates are current components of Crotalidae and Viperidae venoms. Enzymes causing in vitro coagulation of fibrinogen without affecting other thrombin-susceptible blood constituents as well as enzymes affecting platelets, F. V. VIII and XIII with only minor action on fibrinogen have been isolated. Fibrinogen affecting proteinases may catalyze the release of either fibrinopeptide (Fp) A (e.g. ancrod, batroxobin) or Fp B (Agk, contortrix proteinase) or of both Fp A and B (B. gabonica proteinase). Some of these enzymes are inhibited by AT III-heparin complex (e.g. Agk. contortrix proteinase) some are not inhibited by either AT III heparin or hirudin (e. g. batroxobin). The application of Fp A releasing venom proteinases into animals causes transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin I monomer which is rapidly degraded by fibrinolysis and thereby leads to a state of afibrinogenaemia. The administered enzyme is gradually bound to serum proteinase inhibitors and inactivated. A species dependent interaction between venom enzyme, fibrinogen and serum proteinase inhibitors creates specific differences in dose response relationship. Thus, batroxobin isolated from B. moojeni (HOGE) proved to be a superior defibrinogenating agent in man, as compared to the closely related enzyme isolated from B. atrox (L.). LD50 of B. atrox venom in previously batroxobin defibrinogenated mice is not significantly different as compared to normal animals, indicating an only minor role of batroxobin in Bothrops venom poisoning. PMID- 7043784 TI - Coagulant proteinase from Bothrops colombiensis venom. AB - The venom of Bothrops colombiensis, like other Crotalidae venoms, contains thrombin-like activity. We purified a mixture of isoenzymes by chromatography of the crude venom on DEAE-Sephacel where coagulant proteinase were separated from other proteolytic enzymes. By subsequent chromatography on Sephadex G-100 we obtained coagulant proteinase as a single band on acrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 7.5 which showed 4 major protein bands when subjected to flat gel isoelectric focusing. This heterogeneity is presumably due to carbohydrates present in this glycoprotein. The native molecular weight of the coagulant proteinase was found to be over 90000 by gel filtration. SDS electrophoresis showed, however, that the monomer molecular weight is around 67000. The specific coagulant activity of the purified enzyme was increased 13 fold by purification and was 231 NIH units/mg. The optimal pH for coagulation of bovine fibrinogen was at pH 7.0. The enzyme shows maximal stability in the pH range 5-6 when incubated for 1 hr at 37 degrees C. The intraperitoneal LD50 for white mice was 4.0 mg/kg. The enzyme is similar to other known coagulant proteinases from snake venoms and thus potentially useful as a therapeutic agent. PMID- 7043785 TI - Thrombin-like and fibrinolytic enzymes in the venoms from the Gaboon viper (Bitis gabonica), eastern cottonmouth moccasin (Agkistrodon p. piscivorus) and southern copperhead (Agkistrodon c. contortrix) snakes. AB - Crude venom from B. gabonica contained weak fibrinogen clotting activity but no visible fibrinolytic activity, whereas venoms from A. p. piscivorus and A. c. contortrix exhibited fibrinolytic activity (by fibrin plate assay) but no thrombin-like activity. These snake venoms were fractionated on Sephadex G-100 with the following results. Thrombin-like activity in B. gabonica venom was eluted in a single protein peak with a molecular weight of 40,000. Agkistrodon p. piscivorus venom contained a single peak of fibrinolytic activity with a molecular weight of 34,000. Interestingly, venom from A. c. contortrix, which showed no thrombin-like activity in crude venom, contained both thrombin-like and fibrinolytic activities in fractions with molecular weights of 73,000 and 25,000 respectively. No plasminogen activation activity was observed in any of the crude venoms or venom fractions eluted from G-100. In view of the possible clinical potential of these enzymes as defibrinogenating or thrombolytic agents, it will be of great interest to further purify and characterize them. PMID- 7043786 TI - A comparative electron microscopic study of myonecrosis induced by Crotalus atrox (Western diamondback rattlesnake) in gray woodrats and mice. AB - The myonecrosis induced by Western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) venom in the woodrat (Neotoma micropus) was studied at the electron microscopic level. Woodrats and control white mice were injected i.m. with 0.1 ml of diluted venom. Gross examination revealed extensive hemorrhage when 250 micrograms were injected into mice. Electron microscopic examination showed muscle necrosis in mouse muscle tissue. No extensive hemorrhage or muscle damage was noted until 7.5 and 15 mg of venom were injected i.m. into woodrats. The most prominent damage was swollen mitochondria and destruction of the myofibrils for both mice and woodrats. These results clearly indicate that woodrats are more resistant to the myotoxins in rattlesnake venom than white mice. PMID- 7043787 TI - Purification of a lethal toxin produced by Shigella dysenteriae. AB - A lethal toxin was purified from the culture supernatant of Shigella dysenteriae 1. The purification procedure utilized ammonium sulfate fractionation, column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose, hydroxylapatite and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. About a 4760-fold purification was achieved, with a yield of 2.7%. The purified lethal toxin appeared homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. The LD50 of the purified lethal toxin in mice following i.p. injection was about 7.5 micrograms/kg. Injection i.p. of 2 LD50 of the purified lethal toxin into mice caused paralysis of the limbs followed by death after 2-4 days. PMID- 7043788 TI - A comparative study of the spicule venom of Euproctis caterpillars. AB - Caterpillar spicule venoms were extracted and studied for the following activities: arginine ester (BAEE) hydrolase, tyrosine ester (ATEE) hydrolase, protease (casein digestion) and phospholipase A (indirect hemolytic activity). Crude spicule venom of E. chrysorrhoea preferably hydrolyzed BAEE in contrast to E. subflava venom, which hydrolyzed ATEE in preference to BAEE. This difference was confirmed by Sephadex G-100 elution profiles. The esterase activity in E. chrysorrhoea venom was separated into two peaks with average mol. wts. of 96,000 and 44,000. The first peak demonstrated optimal BAEE hydrolysis at pH 8.6 and 37 degrees C, whereas the second peak optimally hydrolyzed both BAEE and ATEE at pH 8.45 and pH 8.6 at 45 degrees C respectively. The esterase activity in E. subflava venom was separated into two peaks with average mol. wts of 63,000 and 32,000 showing optimal hydrolysis of BAEE at pH 8.9 and 37 degrees C, and of ATEE at pH 7.75 and pH 8.5 at 40 degrees C. The column fractions showed comparable proteolytic activity, irrespective of differences between their esterase activities. The presence of phospholipase A (PLA) enzyme in crude spicule venom of both species was evident from their indirect hemolytic activities. The PLA activity eluted with the void volume and seems to be associated with some high molecular weight protein. Under the assay conditions used, E. subflava venom contained 50-100 times less PLA activity than E. chrysorrhoea venom. PMID- 7043789 TI - Ocular hypersensitivity and bronchial asthma in children. AB - According to the classification by Swineford, many cases of the atopic type show allergic conditions among family members and, besides asthma, patients often have a past history of allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria. Many cases of vermal catarrh are assumed to be included in this atopic type in this study. PMID- 7043790 TI - Reconstruction of sternal defects with autologous bone grafts and myocutaneous flap of the latissimus dorsi muscle. AB - In one case of sternal metastasis associated with necrotic osteomyelitis from breast carcinoma we performed subtotal sternotomy including adjacent structures. The resulting defect over the pericardium was reconstructed by the fibula, ribs and a myocutaneous flap of the latissimus dorsi muscle for protection and stability of the anterior chest wall after the operation. The usefulness of the myocutaneous flap of latissimus dorsi muscle for skin coverage over a wide defect in the anterior chest wall is discussed. PMID- 7043791 TI - Inhibitory effect of hydroquinone and related agents on multiplicity reactivation and genetic recombination of bacteriophage T4. AB - The multiplicity reactivation of T4D phage irradiated with UV was inhibited by treatment of infected cells with 0.5 mM hydroquinone (HQ). HQ also inhibited genetic recombination of T4B rII mutants. The recombination frequency was reduced by treatment of infected cells with HQ in a buffer when compared with an untreated control. In addition to HQ, the effects of quinone, an oxide form of HQ, mercaptoethanol and alpha-tocopherol, antioxidants, were also investigated. Quinone and mercaptoethanol inhibited recombinations but alpha-tocopherol did not. PMID- 7043792 TI - Chronic nasal obstruction and malocclusion. PMID- 7043793 TI - [Odontalgia--a survey of the literature 1971-1980]. PMID- 7043794 TI - A method for isolating, transferring and orienting single cells which have been critical point dried. AB - We present a method for handling individual dried cells so that precise orientation can be achieved as they are placed on a substrate. A static neutralizer gun was used to establish a charge, opposite to the cell surface charge, on a pin used to manipulate individual cells onto a suitable substrate having the same charge as the carrier, or a substrate having a sticky surface. Once the surface charges are established, handling of individual cells can be accomplished with ease so that precise orientation of the cells on the substrate is possible. Cells on the charged substrate are unaffected by either low pressures (10(-6) torr) or the ionic environment of a sputter coater. PMID- 7043795 TI - Improved diethylene glycol distearate embedding wax. AB - Diethylene glycol distearate wax and cellulose caprate resin, 4:1 respectively by weight, were melted together at 75 C for five hours with occasional stirring. The resin tempered the extreme brittleness of the wax without softening it, and raised the melting point only one degree to 50 C. Fixed plant tissues were dehydrated in ethanol, cleared in xylene, and infiltrated with wax. Modified diethylene glycol distearate was easier to trim and shape, and formed flat sections more consistently than the pure wax. Sections were cut singly on Ralph knives with attached water pools on an ultramicrotome. Sectionability was excellent at 2-3 micrometers, variable at 1.0 micrometer, but impossible at 0.5 micrometer. Sections were transferred onto water drops on slides, dried, dewaxed, stained, and coverglasses applied as in the paraffin method. Histological feature of plant tissues were much sharper in modified diethylene glycol distearate sections than in paraffin sections, and were similar to plastic sections. PMID- 7043796 TI - Physiological saline solutions as a useful tool in micronucleus and metaphase slide preparations. PMID- 7043797 TI - Butvar B-98 resin as a section adhesive. PMID- 7043798 TI - Holding plastic embedded specimens during dissection: two improvements. PMID- 7043799 TI - [The age-dependent probability of success of preprosthetic surgical procedures]. PMID- 7043800 TI - [The journal "Deutsche Stomatologie/Stomatologie der DDR" during the years 1961 1980. An analysis of the published articles as to contents, form and thematic trends]. PMID- 7043801 TI - [Sulcus fluid flow rate in relation to hormonal influence]. PMID- 7043802 TI - [Full crowns with supra-gingival margins]. PMID- 7043803 TI - Intraspecific variation in Echinococcus granulosus: the Australian situation and perspectives for the future. AB - The current status of knowledge of speciation and strain differentiation in Echinococcus is discussed, with particular reference to the Australian scene. A new approach to the problem using morphological, developmental and biochemical differences is described and the importance of correct identification for the practical aspects of controlling the disease is stressed. PMID- 7043804 TI - Myth of quartan malaria. PMID- 7043806 TI - Correlation between susceptibility to malaria and babesia parasites and to endotoxicity. AB - Adult (185g) rats are about twice as sensitive to the harmful effects of injected endotoxin as are younger (65g) rats. This relationship correlates with an earlier report on the densities of Plasmodium berghei at which deaths occur in rats of these two age groups. Similarly lizards, which withstand very high parasitaemias of malaria parasites, are refractory to very large doses of endotoxin. This correlation appears to hold for malaria and babesiosis in all host species for which information is available, with man, for instance, very sensitive to these infections and to injected endotoxin. It is now realized that endotoxicity is not caused by the direct effects of endotoxin, but is the consequence of the release of a range of harmful soluble mediators, mainly from macrophages. Since the susceptibility of a host species to endotoxicity and to malaria and babesiosis correlate, and the illness produced in each case is very similar, these harmful mediators which cause endotoxicity are likely candidates for the origins of much of the pathology of malaria and babesiosis. This concept may also explain the relationship between parasite density and illness in these infections in man. PMID- 7043805 TI - Congenital malaria due to Plasmodium vivax: a case report from Sri Lanka. AB - A case of Plasmodium vivax malaria in an eight-week-old infant in Colombo is documented, with epidemiological and circumstantial evidence which strongly supports a transplacental route of infection. The malarial antibody levels detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique in both mother and child are discussed in terms of the present epidemiological pattern of malaria in the country. We also comment on the species incidence of congenital malaria, this case being the first caused by P. vivax in Sri Lanka, despite this species being more prevalent than P. falciparum which has been reported in six previous cases of congenital malaria in Sri Lanka. PMID- 7043807 TI - Comparative studies on the immunogenicity of infective and attenuated sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei. PMID- 7043808 TI - Development of the serological response in rabbits infected with Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina. AB - The indirect fluorescent antibody test using frozen sections of infective Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina eggs, and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using homogenized Toxocara canis embryonated egg extract and T canis excretory-secretory products as adsorbed antigens were used to determine the specificity and development of circulating antibodies in rabbits. Frozen sections were subdivided into four morphologically distinct compartments for analysis of the development of the circulating antibody response. The fluid surrounding the larva was the most reactive up to 21 days after infection, and this material was found to be predominantly excretory-secretory in nature. As the infection progressed antibodies directed against 'somatic' tissue materials increased. Cross reactions between sera from rabbits infected with T. canis eggs and Toxascaris leonina frozen sections, and rabbits infected with T. leonina eggs and Toxocara canis frozen sections occurred between both the excretory-secretory fluid and somatic components of the infective eggs. These results were substantiated using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. When T. canis excretory-secretory antigen was used, an earlier response (peak day 21) was detected than when using T. canis embryonated egg extract (peak day 35). However, cross reactions between T. canis excretory-secretory antigen and sera from rabbits infected with Toxascaris leonina occurred, indicating that the serodiagnosis of visceral larva migrans using Toxocara canis excretory-secretory antigen may still prove unsatisfactory when considering the role of Toxascaris as a possible causative agent. PMID- 7043809 TI - Science at the bedside: the story of Warfield Theobald Longcope. PMID- 7043810 TI - The identity of the plague of Justinian. (Part II). PMID- 7043811 TI - Psychiatry, medicine's erring sibling returns: a history and a prophecy. PMID- 7043812 TI - Pediatric surgery: the newest speciality for the youngest patient. PMID- 7043814 TI - Letter to Dr. Edward Bell Krumbhaar from Dr. Theobald Smith. PMID- 7043813 TI - Dr. Thomas Bond of Philadelphia and his "worm". PMID- 7043815 TI - John Whitridge Williams and academic obstetrics in America. PMID- 7043816 TI - Percussion discovered. PMID- 7043817 TI - The Henry Phipps Institute: recollections of a foreign research fellow. PMID- 7043818 TI - The fasciae of the genito-urinary organs: historical, anatomical, and clinical aspects. PMID- 7043819 TI - Multiple ownership of animals in New York City. PMID- 7043820 TI - Medical language: an exclusive code. PMID- 7043821 TI - David L. Drabkin, M.D., 1899-1980. A personal memoir. PMID- 7043822 TI - Management of recurrent hernias with two parallel rows of four-layer fascioplasty. AB - A hundred and fifty-two patients with recurrent inguinal hernias, 10 females and 142 males seen over a ten-year period have been reported. The patients, none of whom were earlier seen or operated on by the author were managed with two parallel rows of four-layer fascioplasty held with nonabsorbable Astralen sutures. The complications which may arise from the method applied were reviewed. The recurrence rate in advanced countries ranges between 7% and 30% for all types of inguinal hernias, but in Nigeria is higher. The author does not claim that recurrence cannot occur with this method but he has not recorded any. The technique has also alleviated the fears of many and removed the social problems of having just one testis, an important factor in this environment. PMID- 7043823 TI - Aspects of immunosuppression during Plasmodium berghei infection in rats. AB - Depression in immunological responsiveness was manifested in phase with parasitaemia in rats infected with Plasmodium berghei. The spleen was the most affected organ. The response of spleen cells to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and the number of plaque forming cells among spleen cells of rats injected with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), were reduced especially at peak parasitaemia. At the onset of the disease the spleen was activated and the responses were amplified. Antibody titres in the serum revealed basically the same picture. Malaria changed also the dose response to antigens so that an overdose of SRBC that normally causes 'immune paralysis' gave rise to significant numbers of plaque forming cells (PFC) in the spleen even in very sick rats. Infection with P. berghei influenced in different ways the two concurrent infections studied: Trypanosoma lewisi and Nipponstrongylus brasiliensis. The severity of trypanosomiasis was proportional to the P. berghei parasitaemia, while the number of the nematodes was not influenced by the malaria in any case. The immunity against T. lewisi depends on the activity of an intact spleen whereas the immunity against N. brasiliensis depends mainly on the mesenteric lymph nodes. The overall results suggest that in malaria the immunological functions of the spleen are severely impaired. PMID- 7043824 TI - Bacteriological survey of leptospirosis in Zaria, Nigeria. AB - A total of 252 rodents were trapped in the environs of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, over a two-year period, of which 221 were brown field rats (Arvicanthus niloticus). Only these were found positive (4.5%). Titers were detected against Leptospira interrogans, serovars australis, icterohaemorrhagiae, tarassovi and hardjo. All positive sera except one reacted against a single serovar. Eight isolates were obtained from field rats: five were serovar australis, one ballum and two unidentified. Five isolates were recovered from 74 bovine kidneys examined: one was serovar pyrogenes and four unidentified. One unidentified isolate failed to react with any of the 16 screening leptospira antisera and another was tentatively considered to be serovar ballum. Two isolates, one ballum and one unidentified, were recovered from the Kubani stream waters. No leptospira was isolated from piggery sewage effluents collected at Kano and Kaduna. It is suggested that serovar ballum be included in any screening battery for leptospirosis in man and animals in Nigeria. PMID- 7043825 TI - [Autoradiographic study of cell kinetics after whole-body x-ray irradiation. I. Study of the mode of death of lethally damaged proliferating cells in the subependymal zone of the rat brain]. AB - Autoradiographic study was carried out on the rat brain subependymal cells. 3H thymidine was injected 60-80 minutes before the whole body X-irradiation in doses of 50, 150 or 300 R. The increase with time of the portion of labeled interphase cells and cells with pycnotic nuclei, and the decrease by two times in the number of grains over picnotic nuclei testified that cells irradiated in G2- and S phages died afer entering into the first post-irradiation mitosis ("mitotic death"). The lethally damaged cells started their progression through the mitotic cycle to undergo mitosis after one hour block independent of the irradiation dose. PMID- 7043826 TI - [Autoradiographic study of cell kinetics after whole-body x-ray irradiation. II. Study of the patterns of the postradiation death of differentiating and proliferating cells in the subependymal zone of the rat brain]. AB - The post-irradiation cell kinetics was studied in vivo autoradiographically with 3H-thymidine, injected 60-80 minutes before the whole body X-irradiation of rats in doses of 50, 150 or 300 R. The wavy character of death was shown in the proliferating and differentiating rat's brain subependymal cells. After cell irradiation in G2- and S-phases four peaks of labeled mitotic cells with pycnotic nuclei ("mitotic death") were recorded. The application of the double labelling technique with 3H- and 14C-thymidine showed that the lethally damaged cells irradiated in G1-phase had lost their ability to synthesize DNA. The nuclei of these cells became pycnotic later than 4 hours after irradiation, as follows indirectly from data recorded by Shmakova et al. (1972). The conformity in the time and alternation of the death peak appearance of differentiating cells and of the appearance of the death peaks and mitoses in proliferating cells enabled us to assume the persistence of the cycle ("short cycle") in differentiating cells with the rhythm similar to that in the mitotic cycle. All the cells of the system were blocked during one hour, independently of the dose of irradiation, in one of six points of the cycle (mitotic cycle, short cycle). All these data suggest that the death of the differentiating cells and of cells which at the time of irradiation were in G1-phase could be timed to the final phase of the cycle (short cycle, mitotic cycle), coinciding in time with M-phase of the mitotic cycle. PMID- 7043827 TI - [2-wave-length method for the quantitative determination of DNA and histones in the same cell nucleus]. AB - A cytophotometric method is proposed for measuring DNA and histones in the same nucleus after two consecutive cytochemical reactions. Optimum conditions are defined for realization of the reactions. From spectral curves of components under investigation equations are concluded for calculations of DNA and histone contents, according to the data obtained from measuring the optical density of the nucleus at the two specially selected wave lengths. The method ensures receiving results with the same accuracy as ordinary methods of DNA and histone determination. PMID- 7043828 TI - [Controlled cell cultivation. VIII. Cultivation of BHK-21 cells on liquid fluorocarbon emulsions]. PMID- 7043829 TI - [Controlled cell cultivation. IX. Dynamic study of pH changes of the medium in the pericellular area]. AB - The dynamics of pH changes occurring near the cells has been studied after the sedimentation of cells and after the culture medium replacement. For this purpose, cells were situated on the H+-selective membrane of the electrode. The pH fall in the space hear the cells took place mainly within the first 6 hours after sedimentation or medium replacement. The magnitude of this change depends on the cell population density and reaches 1.2 units of pH, if the density value was higher than 10(6) cell/cm2. It has been shown that there are two stages in the dynamics of pH changes near the cells during the first 6 hours after sedimentation and the mean rate of pH changes depends on the cell population density. Based on the results obtained, a possibility to explain the inhibition of cell growth in the monolayer by diffuse limitations of outflowing metabolic products is discussed. PMID- 7043830 TI - [Experimental studies on the retentive force of OPA-attachment]. PMID- 7043831 TI - [An experimental study on white silicone for the fitness test of denture bases. Effect of the residual ridge shape and bite force]. PMID- 7043832 TI - The effect of imidocarb dipropionate on Babesia ovis infection in sheep. PMID- 7043833 TI - Tuberculosis in sheep in the Sudan. PMID- 7043834 TI - Corynebacterial infection of cattle in Kenya. AB - Skin infections in cattle caused by Corynebacterium ovis, either as the main pathogen or in association with other organisms, was investigated on a Kenya ranch. The morbidity rate was approximately 25% involving more than 3,000 cattle and the condition appeared to be highly infectious. Three treatment regimes were instituted and the most effective proved to be lancing and irrigating the large abscesses with iodine solution. PMID- 7043835 TI - Surgical correction of pulmonary veins draining into the left innominate vein. PMID- 7043836 TI - [Participation of glucocorticoids and insulin in changes in energy metabolism in the spleen of irradiated rats]. AB - Irradiation of rats with a fast neutron flow (0.5 Gy twice with a 7-day interval induces an increase in the content of 11-oxycorticosteroids and insulin in the blood plasma, the hormone ratio changing with glucocorticoids prevailing. Simultaneously oxidative phosphorylation is inhibited and the pool of adenylic nucleotides lowers in the spleen. Multiple hydrocortisone injections to the irradiated animals intensify the effect of the neutron action, and the administration of insulin (alone or in combination with hydrocortisone) normalizes the energy metabolism parameters to a considerable extent. PMID- 7043837 TI - [Proteolytic activity in unfertilized eggs and embryos of the loach under the effect of insulin]. AB - The paper deals with studies in proteolytic activity of loach eggs and embryos incubated in water and in insulin solutions. It is established that after fertilization the above-mentioned activity level increased considerably, but even at the cleavage stage of embryo development it is 7-10 times as low as in the liver and 3-5 times as low as in the skeletal muscle tissue of the adults. After incubation of unfertilized eggs in insulin solutions at relatively low concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 micro/ml) proteolytic activity of their extracts at the acid and alkaline pH values increased. At higher hormone concentrations (2.0 and 4.0 micro/ml) the level of this activity, on the contrary, decreased. Analogous changes in proteolytic activity were observed in embryos which were incubated in insulin solution up to the cleavage stage of development. However in this case the increase in the activity under the effect of lower hormone concentrations was observed only at the acid pH zone. Higher insulin concentrations at the blastula stage of embryo development exerted their inhibitory influence on proteolytic activity at the acid and neutral pH values. PMID- 7043838 TI - [Uptake of 14C-nicotinic acid by membrane structures of rat tissue in alloxan diabetes with insulin administration]. AB - The uptake of nicotinic acid by erythrocytes, hepatocytes and inverted small intestine sacs of rats with alloxane diabetes was studied as affected by insulin. It is established that a disturbance of the pancreas endocrine function caused by the administration of alloxane to rats inhibits the accumulation of [14C]nicotinic acid in all the studied structures. Insulin administered to rats with alloxane diabetes stimulates the acid uptake by erythrocytes and hepatocytes, but has no effect on accumulation of the vitamin in tissues and serous fluid of inverted empty intestine sacs. An assumption is advanced that under alloxane diabetes the membrane transport of nicotinic acid is disturbed and it may be partially normalized by the insulin administration. The efficiency of the hormone influence on the vitamin uptake by the structures under study changes essentially against a background of the actinomycin D and cycloheximide action. PMID- 7043839 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone and insulin on the adenine nucleotide content of the spleens of alloxan diabetes rats]. AB - The synthesis rate and the content of free acid-soluble adenylic ribonucleotides decrease in the spleen of rats with alloxane diabetes. The above changes are normalized under the influence of insulin administered to these animals and are aggravated under the effect of hydrocortisone. When the both hormones are administered simultaneously, insulin weakens the inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone. PMID- 7043840 TI - [Culture media for throat swabs in general practice]. PMID- 7043841 TI - [Venalot depot in episiotomy. A prospective, consecutive, double-blind study]. PMID- 7043842 TI - [Recent deliberations on vaccination against measles in Denmark]. PMID- 7043843 TI - [Pneumopericardium after tooth extraction]. PMID- 7043844 TI - [Surgical treatment of compartmental syndromes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043845 TI - [Infected pseudoarthroses of the femur: basic treatment and results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043846 TI - [Indication, technique and results of arthrodesis of the wrist (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043847 TI - [Bronchial provocation tests by inhalation of non-allergenic agents]. PMID- 7043848 TI - [Use of gentamycin levels by clinicians]. PMID- 7043849 TI - [Refractory hypertension: causes and treatment]. PMID- 7043850 TI - [The English and French physicians of Napoleon III. Union Medicale du Canada, 1873]. PMID- 7043851 TI - [Clinical study of the ultrafiltration properties of dialyzers and dialysis membranes]. PMID- 7043852 TI - [Results of a clinical trial of a series OB-20 hydrated cellulose membrane for hemodialysis]. PMID- 7043853 TI - [1st description of a renal carbuncle and the 1st operations in this disease]. PMID- 7043854 TI - [Testicular function in alcoholism]. PMID- 7043855 TI - [Memories of Kurt Boshamer]. PMID- 7043856 TI - [Cytologic diagnosis of cancer of the urinary bladder, reliability, pitfalls and grading (author's transl)]. AB - The cytologic analysis of bladder washings was positive in 59 (67%) of 88 patients with carcinoma of the bladder. About 50% of the false negative cytologic reports were shown to be misinterpretations. The cytologic report was positive in six of 29 cases, in which non-neoplastic lesions, were established by histology. In two cases the positive cytologic report was confirmed by repeat biopsies. In two further cases no neoplasm was histologically verified by repeat biopsy, but the positive cytologic findings were supported by positive results obtained by impulscyto-photometric studies of the nuclear DNA-content in cells of the bladder washings. Two positive cytologic reports were definitely considered as true false positive. Cytologic malignancy grading was attempted without knowledge of the original cytologic and histologic diagnoses. Cytologic and histologic grading were congruent in 68% of cases with positive cytologic report, in 16% of these cases, however, the cytologic grading revealed a higher grade of malignancy. Retrospectively in 27% of the patients examined the cytologic report proved to be clinical value concerning the follow-up as well as the histologic re-examination or the therapy. PMID- 7043857 TI - [Lavage-cytology of the renal pelvis and ureter with special reference to tumors (author's transl)]. AB - On 138 patients with radiologic filling defects in the ureter and renal pelvis lavage cytology was done. With this method it was possible to recognize clearly 39 of 47 urothelial tumors of renal pelvis and ureter (81,3%). Lavage cytology failed in patients with hypernephroma. Severe cellular atypias could be seen in patients with urolithiasis and inflammation. The diagnostic reliability of lavage cytology with urothelial tumors of renal pelvis and ureter is far greater than that of exfoliative urinary cytology and reaches results as good as those from brush biopsy. PMID- 7043858 TI - [Automatic cytodiagnostic of bladder cancer (author's transl)]. AB - Searching for bladder cancer, 1268 flow-through-cytophotometric determinations of DNA in nuclei of cells were done using the ICP 11. 134 urines (36.2%) and 15 bladder washings (2.9%) could not be evaluated. The examination of urines led to a right positive diagnosis in 56.7%. The corresponding values in wash-out material and biopsy specimen were 61.2% and 75.3%. False positive results were found of 32.5% of the urines, 6.2% of the wash-out fluid and 9.1% in the biopsy specimens. The results are slightly less advantageous than those of conventional cytodiagnostic. Using a special way in selecting the results, false positive values could be eliminated. By this the tentative diagnosis of cancer gained by flow-through-cytophotometry, could be estimated to be correct in a high percentage. It seems that the flow-through-cytophotometry carried out as additional morphological test is an improvement in diagnosis and grading as well as in estimating prognosis and therapeutic results of urological cancer. PMID- 7043859 TI - [Measuring of urine cells by a high resolution microscope cytophotometric system (author's transl)]. AB - Especially bladder tumors of low malignancy (grade I) reveal minor abnormalities and therefore these tumors are often overlooked using cytological methods. Therefore, it appeared useful to examine the applicability of microscopic scanning cytophotometry to discriminate urothelial cells by objective parameters. A special combination of a Leitz MPV 2 microscope Cytophotometer and a digitizer has been built for reasons of interactive segmentation of the cell into nucleus, plasma and background. 240 cells, stained by Papanicolaou technique, have been visually classified and the computer discrimination between benign, atypical and malignant cells has been accomplished with a small error of classification, not greater than five percent. PMID- 7043860 TI - Clinical value of sensitivity determinations in treating urinary tract infections. AB - The results of bacterial susceptibility testing in 2,413 urine specimens obtained from patients with urinary tract infections indicated that in a high percentage clinical response could be predicted without the need for antimicrobial sensitivity testing. Simply identifying the infecting organism will provide the clinician with enough information to treat most urinary tract infections intelligently. The relative effectiveness of antimicrobial agents to enable the proper selection of therapy in patients with urinary tract infections is discussed. PMID- 7043862 TI - American Ophthalmological Society. Directory. PMID- 7043861 TI - Bacteria and cells of human origin on van Leeuwenhoek's sections of 16741,2. PMID- 7043863 TI - Orbital exenteration--simplified. AB - In summary, a simplified technique of orbital exenteration has been presented. Results, with complications, in eleven cases have been described. The advantages of the operative method described are: (1) full thickness skin provides better cushion for self-retaining prosthesis, (2) skin with intact blood supply is much less likely to be rejected, (3) no donor site with added discomfort and care, (4) local recurrence of neoplasm is easily detected, (5) operating time shortened and (6) favorable patient acceptance. PMID- 7043864 TI - A double-controlled evaluation of acyclovir and vidarabine for the treatment of herpes simplex epithelial keratitis. PMID- 7043865 TI - Optic nerve hypoplasia: septo-optic-pituitary dysplasia syndrome. AB - Forty-five patients with the common clinical factor of optic nerve hypoplasia are analyzed regarding their clinical appearance, echographic and computed tomographic measurements of the optic nerves, and the correlation of anatomic size with visual function. Computed axial tomographic studies of the midline brain were performed on all 45 patients to determine the incidence of correlated structural defects, especially the septum pellucidum, and neuroendocrine dysfunction. Review of the spectrum of septo-optic-pituitary syndrome is separately developed to include historical background, embryogenesis, histopathology, and pathogenesis of the three major components of the syndrome. In summary, 45 patients had optic nerve hypoplasia, 32 with evidence of segmental or partial hypoplasia and 13 with evidence of complete or diffuse hypoplasia--the optic nerve hypoplasia syndrome. Twelve of these patients demonstrated absence of the septum pellucidum by computed axial tomography--the septo-optic dysplasia syndrome. Of these 12 patients with partial or complete absence of the septum pellucidum, six demonstrated evidence of pituitary hypofunction--the septo-optic pituitary dysplasia syndrome. PMID- 7043866 TI - Keratophakia: clinical evaluation. PMID- 7043867 TI - Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis: natural history and association with HLA DR3. PMID- 7043868 TI - The drainage of subretinal fluid: a randomized controlled clinical trial. AB - A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on a series of 120 consecutive cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. One group of 60 eyes, randomly selected, was managed with a scleral buckling operation which included the drainage of subretinal fluid. The other group of 60 had a similar operation without drainage of subretinal fluid. A new method for evaluating complications, the "Complications Score," was devised. The score was significantly higher for the drainage group but this did not decrease the final anatomic or visual results. Eight-seven percent of the drainage group were reattached with one operation, a figure not significantly different from the 83% reattached in the nondrainage group. The final cure rate after reoperations was 97% for both groups. The best corrected visual acuity, measured six months postoperatively, was not significantly different for the two groups. This study concludes that equally good results can be obtained with either a drainage or nondrainage operation. PMID- 7043869 TI - Early surgical alignment for congenital esotropia. PMID- 7043870 TI - Rhematogenous retinal detachment complicated by severe intraocular inflammation, hypotony, and choroidal detachment. AB - An unusual type of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is described and compared with a control group of patients with detached retina. Features of the condition, in addition to retinal detachment, include severe anterior and posterior uveitis, choroidal detachment, hypotony, deepened anterior chamber, posterior synechiae, iridophakodonesis, and a poor surgical and visual prognosis due to massive periretinal proliferation. The disease occurs in a disproportionately high ratio in blacks. These cases may be mistaken for uveitis, Harada's syndrome, the uveal effusion syndrome, dislocated lens, or malignant melanoma. It is postulated that the detached retina initiates a series of exaggerated pathophysiological changes in the eye, with the severe inflammation leading to choroidal detachment and hypotony. Such eyes are inoperable until the inflammation, hypotony, and choroidal detachment are reversed with corticosteroid treatment. The surgical and visual prognosis is very poor. PMID- 7043871 TI - The eye in the Marfan syndrome. AB - One hundred sixty consecutive patients with the Marfan syndrome were reviewed for ocular, cardiovascular, and skeletal abnormalities, and were graded by severity. The most striking ocular abnormality was enlargement of the globe, presumably caused by scleral stretching. Staphylomata were not a feature of any of the patients seen, nor was keratoconus. The cornea, in fact, was flattened but not thinned. Among the 160 patients, 193 eyes showed dislocation of the lens. Dislocation of the lens was positively correlated with increased ocular axial length and with decreasing KJ readings. We postulate that the ocular pathologic changes are primarily caused by stretching of the tunica scleralis, and that the zonular fibers (thus under stress may "give" or may rupture in their area of presumably least density which may be the area of developmental fusion of the optic vesicle. In a small proportion of cases the lens dislocation was progressive. There was no correlation between ocular findings, on one hand, and the skeletal and cardiovascular abnormalities on the other. However, there was a good degree of intrafamilial consistency with regard to absence or presence of ocular pathology. The absence of correlation between the ocular and systemic findings in our data on these 160 patients is best explained by the existence of more than 1 point mutation, which may give rise to different but clinically similar phenotypes. The results of our calculations of mutation rate were compatible with such an explanation. PMID- 7043872 TI - Botulinum toxin injection of eye muscles to correct strabismus. AB - One hundred thirty-two doses of botulinum A toxin were injected into 42 humans. The effect on horizontal strabismus was uniformly beneficial, and effect lasting up to 411 days since the last injection was documented. The effect in vertical strabismus and lid retraction was beneficial, but less strongly so. No systemic effect or local complications were encountered except for effect on adjacent muscles. The drug appears to be a safe and useful therapy for strabismus. PMID- 7043873 TI - A long-term follow-up study of cystoid macular edema in aphakic and pseudophakic eyes. AB - Forty-four aphakic and 45 pseudophakic eyes with typical cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery were reevaluated one to four years following their initial fluorescein angiograms in an effort to compare the natural courses of the macular lesions in the two groups of eyes. Both aphakic and pseudophakic eyes in which the edema was associated with vitreous adhesions to the cataract wound experienced a lower rate of resolution than comparable cases without such adhesions. Macular edema cleared significantly more frequently in aphakic eyes than in pseudophakic cases. Pseudophakic eyes in which iris fixation had been employed had a particularly poor prognosis, which was significantly worse than the natural course observed in pseudophakic eyes associated with capsular fixation. The latter group of eyes cleared significantly less frequently than did the group of aphakic eyes without vitreous adhesions. The reasons that the natural course of cystoid macular edema in pseudophakic eyes is relatively poor are unknown, but chronic inflammation may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of this important complication. PMID- 7043874 TI - Current management of giant retinal breaks: results with vitrectomy and total air fluid exchange in 95 cases. AB - These results indicate that vitrectomy is a valuable adjunct in the management of giant retinal breaks with a partial or complete inversion of the posterior retinal flap. Removal of the vitreous gel makes possible the injection of a large bubble of air to more optimally unfold the posterior retinal flap. In addition, vitrectomy severs the equatorial membrane that can cause postoperative circumferential extension of the giant retinal break or the formation of new retinal tears. A 360 degree scleral buckle is mandatory in giant retinal breaks with a partial or complete inversion of the posterior retinal flap. Unless there are medical contraindications, the air fluid exchange should be carried out in the prone position. PMID- 7043875 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the state of the endothelial cells in native and cryopreserved corneal autografts]. PMID- 7043876 TI - [Hydromonitor phacofragmentation and vitrectomy (theoretical, experimental and clinical bases)]. PMID- 7043877 TI - [Results of a long-term dynamic observation of the use of the ENKAD preparation in pigment tapetoretinal abiotrophy]. PMID- 7043878 TI - [Geographical factors and eye morbidity]. PMID- 7043880 TI - [Gunshot wounds of the hand and fingers in peacetime]. PMID- 7043879 TI - [Circular goniospasis and its potentials in posttraumatic glaucoma]. PMID- 7043881 TI - [Treatment of tetany occurring after thyroid surgery]. PMID- 7043882 TI - [Method of tying knots]. PMID- 7043883 TI - Caprine mastitis associated with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection. PMID- 7043884 TI - Tiamulin feed premix in the prevention and control of swine dysentery under farm conditions in the UK. AB - Three field trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of tiamulin hydrogen fumarate at levels of 20 and 30 ppm in the feed for the prevention and control of swine dysentery. Tiamulin at 30 ppm was shown to be highly effective in preventing the clinical signs of dysentery. Treponema hyodysenteriae was not isolated from these pigs. Tiamulin at 20 ppm was effective in two out of three trials. The trials were performed on pigs either on or from farms with swine dysentery problems which had proven resistant to medication with other products. PMID- 7043885 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Streptococcus agalactiae antibodies in bovine milk. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Streptococcus agalactiae antibodies in bovine milk was developed using whole bacterial cells as antigen. Microtitre wells were coated overnight at room temperature with a 1:64 dilution of antigen in 0.05M carbonate-bicarbonate buffer at pH 9.6. After washing, milk whey samples diluted 1:40 were added, incubated overnight and again washed. After incubation with rabbit antibovine serum, bound antibody was detected with alkaline phosphatase conjugated sheep antirabbit serum. Using the ELISA, the levels of Str agalactiae antibodies in the individual quarters of the mammary glands of cows in a severely infected dairy herd were measured. A high proportion of cows had specific antibody to Str agalactiae in one or more quarters. Using ELISA in association with electronic cell count and bacterial isolation, it was possible to identify latent and subclinical carriers of infection. PMID- 7043886 TI - BVA Centenary. The British Veterinary Association: an historical note. PMID- 7043887 TI - Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle, badgers and other mammals in an area of Dorset. PMID- 7043888 TI - Atypical rabies virus in cats and a dog in Zimbabwe. PMID- 7043889 TI - Urogenital tract infection in the bitch. AB - The establishment of urinary tract infection and pyometra in the bitch seems to have some characteristics in common, such as similar bacteria, association with kidney pathology and similar age disposition. both diseases are regarded as an ascending infection from the vagina. The ecological factors determining the host microbe relationship, the protective mechanisms and the methods of diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 7043890 TI - Development of malignant lymphoma in myoepithelial sialadenitis (Sjogren's syndrome). PMID- 7043891 TI - Novel amber mutants of bacteriophage T7, growth of which depends on Escherichia coli DNA-binding protein. PMID- 7043892 TI - [Use of heparin in military medical practice (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 7043893 TI - [The cadre of nurses makes a military hospital famous]. PMID- 7043894 TI - [Crohn disease of the stomach and duodenum (literature review)]. PMID- 7043895 TI - [Bacterial synthesis of human insulin -- achievement of genetic engineering]. PMID- 7043896 TI - [Use of phentolamine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (literature review)]. PMID- 7043897 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolism in patients with early variants of cerebrovascular insufficiency]. PMID- 7043899 TI - [Prostacyclin formation in human cancer tissue of the gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. AB - Prostacyclin synthesis was studied by means of bioassay in histologically classified biopsy material derived from the human gastrointestinal tract. Tumour tissue generated significantly more prostacyclin than normal tissue. Whether this enhanced PGI2 formation is due to an increased number of endothelial cells in tumour tissue, or represents a characteristic property of the tumour cell itself is not yet clear. This property could be used in future for the detection and control follow-up of malignant disease by means of radioimmunological determination of stabile metabolites as a tumour marker. PMID- 7043900 TI - [Albert Wiedmann - his personality and work and his contribution to the development of Dermatology in Vienna after World War II (author's transl)]. AB - The contribution of Albert Wiedmann (1901 to 1970) towards the development of the Viennese Dermatological School are evaluated. The following main points of interest can be focused out of a large number of scientific papers; investigations in the field of venerology, innervation and nutrition of the skin (concept of the "neuro-hormonal cells"), phlebology and the relationship between dermatological disorders and internal medical diseases. His outstanding abilities as a researcher, tutor and physician were matched by his great talents for organisation and qualities of leadership as chief of the 2nd Department of Dermatology, University of Vienna, 1946 to 1970. PMID- 7043898 TI - Malaria: immunity and prospects for vaccination. AB - Malaria infections elicit a complex chain of cellular events which can, in some instances, lead to a state of immunity. Although there is strong evidence that a collaboration between specific antibodies and activated macrophages plays the central effector role in malaria immunity, alternative interpretations are possible. It is, for example, not known which malarial antigens are essential for triggering the critical effector functions and how these antigens are presented to the immune system. Under these circumstances, it is not surprising that the search for a vaccine against malaria has used rather empirical methods. Three invasive stages of the parasite (merozoites, sporozoites and gametes) have so far shown a potential efficiency in inducing protection in experimental models, but there is much to be done before vaccination can be an effective tool in malaria control. PMID- 7043901 TI - [Development, chemistry, and clinical pharmacology of fully synthetic human calcitonin (author's transl)]. AB - The chemistry and identity of fully synthetic human calcitonin are discussed briefly, with particular reference to the evolution of this hormone. The principal effects of the substance on bone demonstrable by clinicochemical means are illustrated by the results of clinicopharmacological studies in patients suffering from Paget's disease. The potential usefulness of calcitonin in the treatment of osteoporosis is exemplified by reference to the relations between sex hormones and calcitonin. The main differences in the acute effects of calcitonin on the kidney and electrolyte balance in healthy persons and patients with Paget's disease are analysed on the basis of data from comparative human pharmacological and clinicopharmacological studies. PMID- 7043902 TI - [Current concepts in gastric ulcer pathogenesis (author's transl)]. AB - Recent research has opened up new aspects in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcers. The central role of luminal acid remains unchallenged, although hypersecretion of acid is not necessarily a prerequisite factor in acute or chronic ulceration. A delicate balance is now known to exist between several protective mechanisms and this is essential in enabling the gastric mucosa to withstand the high H-ion gradient between lumen and surface cells. Apart from the role played by other protective mechanisms like mucosal permeability, alkaline secretion and secretory status, blood flow and intracellular buffering of influxing H+ seem to be the most important factors in maintaining the integrity of the gastric mucosa, because their absence always leads to ulceration. Chronic ulcer disease may, however, be dependent on a defect in the regeneration of the gastric mucosa, in addition to the lack of one or more protective mechanisms. PMID- 7043903 TI - [The aspiration syndrome-aspects of pathophysiology and therapy with extracorporeal oxygenation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043904 TI - [On the neuro-psychiatric symptomatology of the so-called "hepatic coma" (author's transl)]. AB - The definition of hepatic coma has been used for the most severe course of hepatic insufficiency, independent from the pathogenesis. This means, that from the psychiatric point of view the hole survey of the exogen reaction type was subdivided. The neurologic symptomatology was rather neglected. In this study an attempt is made to show--using the reports of 77 patients with severe hepatic insufficiency of different etiology--that with very exact and repeated examinations a typical course of neuro-psychiatric symptoms can be observed. A distinct hierarchy of symptoms is existing, which is similar to the well known princip of dissolution (Jackson). As a main factor one has to differentiate between an acute and a subacute course. The acute course is characterized by a rapid decrease of vigilance and increase of neurologic symptoms, which end in most of the cases with an acute midbrain- and bulbarbrain-syndrome, while the subacute course shows primary a disturbance of thymo- and noopsychic function in different relations. In addition to the organic "Achsensyndrom" amnestic or amentiell symptoms can be found, which might be covered by a decrease of the vigilance--if the primary noxis continoues--end up with unconsciousness. The parallel developing neurologic symptomatology shows a distraction of the general motoric, including so-called basic movements. later stereotypies and automatismes, and the delicate distal movements change into rough general rotation-and pointing movements of the hole body. There is also a temporary bending of all extremities and at this time also a rigidospasticity. In the following course preponderate transient bending or stretching, finally there exists a lack condition, which does not respond to external provocations. The symptomatology is not always symmetric. Transient or longstanding hemiparetic symptoms and also crossed brainstem symptoms can be seen frequently. Sometimes there are general or focal epileptic seizures. If a brain edema occurs it leads to a tentorial herniation with the symptoms of an acute midbrain- or bulbarbrain syndrome, which exists in nearly every second patient. If the course turns, the clinical symptomatology is passed in reverse direction. A good relation exists to the known biochemical changes. The disturbed monoaminmetabolism influences the structures, which are important for the vigilance. The serotonin and 5 hydroxyindolaminoacid level in the tegmentum and the hippocampus are increased. Worth to mention, that this is not a specific hepatic disturbance. Additional one can find false transmitters, for example octopamin, which are concerning the excitation, less potent than dopamin or noradrenalin and also a decrease of the latter in the extrapyramidal structures, which corresponds very well with the motoric deficiency and defectsymptoms. Not all of the symptoms can be explained by disturbances of the catecholaminmetabolism. It seems, that electrolyt and acid base disturbances are also of some value... PMID- 7043905 TI - [Freud, Ferenczi and psychoanalysis in Hungary (author's transl)]. AB - Psychoanalysis in Hungary was created and developed for a long time under the influence of the Austrian psychoanalysis and especially by Sigmund Freud personally. The key-figure in the history of the Hungarian psychoanalysis was Sandor Ferenczi, who in his theoretical works in many respects anticipated the ego-psychology. After 1933 the political development harmed the Budapest school of psychoanalysis, which was erased 1948. After 1957 a little renaissance of the movement was possible. PMID- 7043906 TI - [Obstructive airway diseases in children]. PMID- 7043907 TI - [Microbial sources of antigens in the environment of farmer's lung patients (author's transl)]. AB - The actinomycetes Micropolyspora faeni and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris are important sources of antigens in extrinsic allergic alveolitis, the deuteromycete Aspergillus fumigatus is it to a lesser extent. These microorganisms have been sought in hay samples obtained from farmers who on the one hand show farmer's lung symptoms and on the other antibodies to these microorganisms. A relatively good correlation has been found between the immunological and microbiological findings. The conditions necessary for the occurrence of antigen sources in farmer's lung disease are discussed, and the need for prophylactic measures is pointed out. PMID- 7043908 TI - [The attempts at drug therapy of cancer by Anton Storck (1731-1803). History of experimental pharmacology in the old Vienna Medical School]. AB - The essay deals with the development of medical research in Vienna - especially the development of therapeutic drugs. This progress is related to the philosophical, historical, and political background of the enlightened absolutism and the reformatory efforts of van Swieten during the regency of Maria Theresia in Austria. Anton Storck's research on hemlock (Conium maculatum) is used as an example. The method of Storck's research-work is described. Furthermore it is demonstrated to what extent Storck's data, deduced from empirical examinations, are integrated in the official medical system, i.e. Boerhaave's iatromechanic system. Finally the attempt is made to correlate these processes of medical history with the scientific-historical model of Thomas Kuhn. PMID- 7043909 TI - [Sinusitis]. PMID- 7043910 TI - [Exogenous allergic alveolitis of farmers (farmer's lung) from the viewpoint of an alpine pulmologic practice]. AB - Extrinsic allergic alveolitis of the rural population is a relevant disease of the alpine region. Observations in a pulmonologic practice suggest that the disease may represent itself in a acute and a chronic form. Six patients with acute alveolitis, 8 cases of chronic farmer's lung, 16 cases of late disease stages and 33 patients of sensitization (with positive immunologic data) without overt disease are described. Additional 31 patients with bronchopulmonary symptoms but without specific antibodies served as controls. The entire patient population was actively working in farming jobs. Case history, clinical, radiographic and immunologic data as well as lung function testes are presented. Follow-up studies suggest that climatic and occupational factors of the region modify the incidence and the clinical course of the disease. Actually, the quantity of antigen present may determine the course of disease. The acute extrinsic alveolitis appears to be associated with massive antigenic exposure. A lower antigenic presence is assumed to initiate occult phases of alveolitis which ultimately may lead to the chronic variety of the disease. Measures for prevention and treatment of this occupational disease involve proper hay drying which abolishes the antigenic sources, prevention of exposure during working and the attempt of long term medical prophylaxis. PMID- 7043911 TI - The history of metabolic surgery for morbid obesity and a commentary. PMID- 7043912 TI - Techniques for microfloral and associated metabolic studies in relation to the absorption and enterohepatic circulation of drugs. PMID- 7043914 TI - [Surgical therapy of acute myocardial ischemia. Overview]. PMID- 7043913 TI - Epidemiological studies on radiation carcinogenesis in human populations following acute exposure: nuclear explosions and medical radiation. AB - The present review provides an understanding of our current knowledge of the carcinogenic effect of low-dose radiation in man, and surveys the epidemiological studies of human populations exposed to nuclear explosions and medical radiation. Discussion centers on the contributions of quantitative epidemiology to present knowledge, the reliability of the dose-incidence data, and those relevant epidemiological studies that provide the most useful information for risk estimation of cancer induction in man. Reference is made to dose-incidence relationships from laboratory animal experiments where they may obtain, for problems and difficulties in extrapolation from data obtained at high doses to low doses, and from animal data to the human situation. The paper describes the methods of application of such epidemiological data for estimation of excess risk of radiation-induced cancer in exposed human populations and discusses the strengths and limitations of epidemiology in guiding radiation protection philosophy and public health policy. PMID- 7043915 TI - [August Bier (1861-1949) on the 120th anniversary of his birth]. PMID- 7043916 TI - [Historical aspects of the Schneeberg lung cancer]. PMID- 7043917 TI - [Blood donation (selection of donors, protection of donors and recipients, collection technics, possible complications, methods of blood donation]. PMID- 7043918 TI - [Theophraste Renaudot and dispensary care]. PMID- 7043919 TI - [New findings on the importance of the histocompatibility Y antigen for sex differentiation and its role in the origin of developmental disorders of the reproductive organs]. AB - In the differentiation of the male reproductive organs the histocompatibility antigen Y plays an important role, which is formed under physiological conditions under the influence of a gene of the Y-chromosome in the most cell types of male mammals and occurs in the cell membranes. The H-Y is delivered by Sertoli's cells and furthers the development of the testicles. These cells moreover deliver testosterone-binding protein and an inhibiting factor for the development of Muller's ducts. For the effectiveness of testosterone the equipment of the in their function testosterone-depending cell types with androgen-receptor protein is necessary, the formation of which is conditioned by a gene lying on the X chromosome. For the maturation and preservation of the viability of the oocytes two functioning X-chromosomes are necessary. Several disturbances of the development of the reproductive organs as well as the trans-sexuality are demonstrated taking into consideration recent realizations. PMID- 7043920 TI - [[Therapeutic and prognostic significance of staging in malignant lymphoma]. AB - In a survey of literature the author deals with the value of the various clinical examination methods within the staging for the therapy and prognosis of Hodgkin's disease and the non-Hodgkin-lymphomas. The different forms of therapy depending upon the clinical stage of the disease and the relations between stage of disease, histological type and prognosis are touched on. The author expects a further improvement of the success of treatment from the application from the new cytological and immunological classification of the non-Hodgkin-lymphomas, which in his opinion needs a modification. PMID- 7043921 TI - [Apolipoproteins: analytical methods, chemical composition, metabolism and diagnostic relevance]. AB - The estimation of apoprotein profiles makes an essential contribution to the study of the lipid metabolism, particularly of the normal and deranged lipid transport. For the clinician patterns of apoproteins might open new possibilities of the differential diagnosis of dyslipoproteinaemias. Four fundamental apoprotein profiles are presented by Alaupovic et al. (2): 1. Significantly reduced serum levels of the apolipoproteins AI, AII and B (essentially corresponding to HLP type I) 2. Increased values of apo-B (types IIa, IIb) 3. Increased concentration of apo-C-III reduction of the CI/CII-quotient (types IIb, IV) 4. Increased levels of the apolipoproteins C and E (types III, V). The authors suppose that these four basic patterns of apolipoproteins reflect the fundamental biochemical defects of the lipoprotein transport. The biochemical characterization of certain, genetically determined disturbances of the lipid transport with the help of apoprotein profiles is the best example for the essential role of these proteins in the lipid metabolism with regard to the clinical diagnostics it is at present not yet possible to get additional informations with the help of the estimation of apoproteins as they would not be got by far simpler methods. As was already mentioned, in these cases the rare genetically determined disturbances of the lipid metabolism and the diagnostics of the HLP type III form an exception. Only few authors try to prove that the proportion of proteins in lipoproteins seems to be somewhat better suited for the differentiation of persons endangered by arteriosclerosis than the proportion of lipids. Especially the increase of concentration of the apo-B is to be regarded as significant factor of risk of a chronic ischaemic heart disease. This is unequivocally confirmed, but the essentially simpler estimation of the LDL cholesterol yields well comparable results with regard to the characterization of persons, endangered by chronic ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 7043922 TI - [Facts and problems of the structural clarification, determinative methods and clinical value of glycosylated hemoglobins]. AB - First of all a report is given on the structural peculiarities of the glycohaemoglobins and an appreciation of the non-enzymatic glycosylation reactions with different hexoses is performed. Furthermore a critical judgment of the different methods for the determination of glycosylated haemoglobins follows with the results that in conformity with the international literature the smallest expense and the highest effectiveness must be ascribed to column chromatographic and photometrical methods. The importance of glycosylated haemoglobins for a long-range judgment of the situation of metabolism in diabetics is proved. According to this in particular clearly increased Hb A1 and Hb A1c values are identical with a bad situation of metabolism. Moreover its importance as an additional diagnostic criterion in the bordersphere of the pathological carbohydrate tolerance is emphasized. The effects of different influence factors, e.g. pregnancy, drugs, lipid metabolism and of certain affections on the concentration of glycohaemoglobins are also discussed. PMID- 7043923 TI - [Immunologic after-care after organ transplantation using the electrophoretic mobility test]. AB - 55 of 113 receivers of cadaver donor kidney transplants could be control-examined and analysed postoperatively immunologically with the electrophoresis mobility test (EM test). A high coincidence appears in the group with clinical rejection symptoms and a rejections hint in the EM test (28 of 29) and also in the group with the rejection clinically not conceivable and with a negative test result (20 of 26). The EM test appears suitable for an additional support of the diagnosis "acute rejection". More cases should confirm this assertion. PMID- 7043924 TI - [Improved protection of the myocardium with a combination of intra-aortic balloon counter-pulsation and aimed substrate administration in acute myocardial infarct- a comparative study]. AB - In comparative studies in 36 mongrel dogs it was tried to find out how far intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) applied solely and in combination with glucose insulin-potassium (GIK) might influence the degree of acute myocardial ischemia. The ischemia lasted 3 hours. After 60 min myocardial ischemia IABP, the isolated GIK infusion, or the combination of IABP plus GIK were used. The directed GIK application into the aortic root was carried out by electronic triggering during the diastolic augmentation via a precoronary catheter. In the ischemic and in the non-ischemic myocardium of the left ventricle, ATP, creatine phosphate, and lactate were determined. Electronmicroscopical studies were carried out qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The isolated use of IABP suggested no protection of the energy-rich phosphates. The most significant morphological changes were found when exclusively the coronary ligature was applied and when only IABP was used, respectively. The best protective effect was achieved by our technique of the triggered GIK infusion via the precoronary catheter in combination with IABP. The ATP value (n mol/mg w.w.) in the ischemic area was 3.06 and in the non-ischemic one 4.96 in comparison to 1.96 and 3.99, respectively, in the control group. The creatine phosphate (n mol/mg w.w.) was 4.18 in the ischemic and 9.38 in the non-ischemic area in contrast to 2.36 and 6.99, respectively, in the control group. The technique of the triggered drug supply in combination with IABP offers the following advantages: --additive summation of IABP and substrate supply directed to the myocardium --high drug concentration in the myocardium --smaller drug load of the whole organism - clinical use of instable substances. PMID- 7043925 TI - [Transplantation of the kidneys from newborn donors, using the Mini-Lewe minipig as a model]. AB - The importance of kidneys from newborn donors in transplantation has not been clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of morphological and functional adaptation of the newborn kidney in an adult recipient. 7 MLS-matched kidneys from Lewe minipig puppies (age: 3-4 weeks) had been transplanted en bloc to their mothers with immediately bilateral nephrectomy. Preliminary results suggested that arterial vasculature and blood supply are the limiting factors in adaptation of newborn donor kidneys in adult recipients. PMID- 7043926 TI - [The barrier-function of the gastrointestinal (author's transl)]. AB - The present review tries to coordinate anatomical barriers and the biochemical and immunological events controlling and even preventing the entry of substances from the external environment into the extra- and intra-cellular space of the body. A selection of diseases with disturbance of the "barrier function" is included. PMID- 7043927 TI - [Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV in mast cells of human skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043928 TI - [Acral bullae following PUVA-therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Six patients with mycosis fungoides, psoriasis or generalized granuloma anulare developed acral bullae showing the clinical and histological picture of bullous pemphigoid during systemically applied PUVA-therapy. Immunohistological investigations (Protein A-Per-oxidase, Immunofluorescence) produced no proof of bullous pemphigoid. PMID- 7043929 TI - [Removal of tattoos by transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - The replacement of tattoos by pedicle flaps demands a special ability and artistic skillfulness in order to avoid scars with the contours of the tattoo. The excision and the following cover with split-thickness-grafts should make the outlines of the tattoo invisible. PMID- 7043930 TI - [Memory training in old age--beginnings and possibilities]. PMID- 7043931 TI - [Analytic reliability of CK-MB isoenzyme determinations with the immune inhibition test]. PMID- 7043933 TI - [Femur remodelling procedures following osteotomies at the coxal end of the femur in the treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip (author's transl)]. AB - This paper was prepared on the basis of 801 case histories (1019 hips) of children treated for congenital dislocation of the hip in our clinic during the last 25 years. Over the years a variety of surgical methods have been employed in the clinic in the treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip, such as open repositioning (with detorsion osteotomy), reconstructive repositioning after Colonna-Zahradnicek, and in recent years open repositioning with pelvic osteotomy. All these interventions were always accompanied by osteotomy of the coxal end of the femur. The type of osteotomy performed depended on requirements: detorsion osteotomy without altering the diaphysis-collum angle (CCD), detorsion varisation adduction osteotomy with or without shortening of the femur. If the need for detorsion osteotomy is completely beyond doubt, we believe that adduction is usually unnecessary and sometimes even detrimental, especially in cases with preoperative growth disturbances of the proximal epiphysis and metaphysis. In none of the cases with permanent inhibition of growth of the acetabular margin did the adduction operation (varisation) have a favorable effect on hip development. Detorsion osteotomy without adduction (and if necessary with abduction) and with simultaneous pelvic osteotomy is the best point of departure for subsequent physiological development of the hip in children. PMID- 7043932 TI - [The patellar focus, a rare form of localization of bone tuberculosis]. AB - Patellar foci of any origin are very rare. Form 1955 to the end of 1979, 9 patients underwent patellar surgery in our hospital. 7 of these patients had tuberculosis, whereas in one case the patient had chronic nonspecific osteomyelitis, and in one case we were unable to clarify the underlying cause of the focus, neither from the histological nor from the bacteriological aspect. All tuberculous foci, one of which had penetrated into the knee joint, were situated in the corpus of the patellar. In a 10-year old girl, the entire patellar was infected with tuberculous foci. In the anterior-posterior x-ray film, the processes mainly presented a circular appearance. Their diameter different between 6 and 25 mm. In one of the foci, two sequesters were conspicuous, and one in another patient. 6 of the patients had an active organ tuberculosis at the same time, or reported on a specific disease during anamnesis. The period from the onset of complaints until diagnosis had been established, was on the average 14.4 months with the 7 patients under investigation (average age 29 years, 4 female/3 male). In view of the fact that all the patients reported here were late cases, the results of the combined drug and surgical removal of foci (filling of the surgical cavities with spongiosa) must be classified as good. One knee joint had to be stiffened by operation. There were no reactivations within an average followup period of 3 years. PMID- 7043934 TI - [Nelson's upper limb-amputation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043935 TI - [Alcohol and we]. PMID- 7043936 TI - [Salmonella infections from a socio-hygienic viewpoint]. PMID- 7043937 TI - [The effect on uric acid and other laboratory parameters. A long-term study]. PMID- 7043938 TI - William Edmonds Horner: anatomist, educator, author. PMID- 7043939 TI - Treating the wounded aboard USS Monitor, 1862. PMID- 7043940 TI - Deficit spending (Dr. William P.C. Barton). PMID- 7043941 TI - Home of BUMED, a hilltop in Foggy Bottom. PMID- 7043942 TI - [Working environment, negotiations, MBL, qualifications and education. A brief report on SHSTF's first 5 years]. PMID- 7043943 TI - [Plastic properties of motivation as a leading component of the systems organization of purposeful behavioral acts]. PMID- 7043944 TI - [New aspects of the theory of a functional system]. PMID- 7043946 TI - [What does Schultz-Hencke still have to say to us today?]. PMID- 7043945 TI - Enzyme activity in human mononuclear blood cells. AB - Two different kinds of mononuclear blood cell samples (mixed blood cell population consisting of lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets; pure lymphocyte population) were tested for enzyme activity of mitochondrial malic enzyme, peptidase A, and alpha-fucosidase. None of the three enzymes was demonstrable in the pure lymphocyte preparation; the mixed cell population, however, exhibited a distinct enzyme activity. Positive reactivity is thus obviously dependent upon monocytes and/or platelets. PMID- 7043947 TI - [Our surgical heritage. On the centenary of the birth of Albert Fromme]. PMID- 7043948 TI - [The role of gastrin in duodenal ulceration (author's transl)]. AB - The role of gastrin as a cause of duodenal ulceration has been generally overestimated. The serum gastrin level cannot be used as a criterion for choosing either partial gastrectomy or non-resecting surgery. In the postoperative course the stimulated serum gastrin release differs significantly after selective proximal vagotomy plus pyloroplasty and without pyloroplasty. This fact demonstrates the influence of pyloroplasty on the serum gastrin concentration. In case of duodenal ulcer the stimulated serum gastrin test presents a reliable method to control the results obtained after performing a highly selective vagotomy. Compared with the Hollander-test it is without any complication however more efforts are required. PMID- 7043949 TI - [Laser in clinical surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The abdominal surgery the Laser-"scalpel" should be used in combination with special instruments, to direct the ray, to protect medical personnel, surrounding tissue and organs. Complete haemostasis, sterility and biological welding of the different layers of stomach and gut enables the surgeon to make use of one layer anastomoses. Laser-photocoagulation of bleeding ulcers is the method of choice in serious ill patients. In taking skin transplants the photohydraulic preparation prevents thermic damage of the transplant. Administration of laser in septic surgery makes it possible to evaporate necrotic tissue and to clean the wound from bacteria. PMID- 7043950 TI - [Perforation of a paranephritic abscess into the free abdominal cavity]. PMID- 7043951 TI - [History and development of the fight against bovine tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7043952 TI - Cellular regulation of lung granuloma formation and delayed- type hypersensitivity induced with BCG cell walls. Further evidence of involvement of cellular immunity in lung granuloma formation. AB - We have previously showed several evidences in which cellular immunity is involved in lung granuloma formation induced with oil-associated BCG cell wall (CW) vaccine. In the present study, we examined in mice the effects of thymectomy, splenectomy and the administration of cyclophosphamide on lung granuloma formation as well as BCG CW-induced footpad reactions to PPD, a prototype of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). The results presented herein provide further evidence that cellular immunoregulatory mechanisms control the development of lung granuloma and DTH, and that lung granuloma formation is thymus- and spleen-dependent. PMID- 7043953 TI - [Acinetobacter isolates from environmental sampling in hospitals (author's transl)]. AB - By environmental culturing Acinetobacter could be isolated from human sources and wet sites as well as from air and dry surfaces. In variety "anitratus" strains from patients and hospital personal resistance against antibiotics and metal salts was more dominant than in other strains. Acinetobacter strains were more tolerant of dryness than E. coli but less than Micrococcus luteus. By repeated contacts Acinetobacteres could be recovered from contaminated surfaces of polyvinyl chloride in significantly higher numbers than from paving tile. PMID- 7043954 TI - [Studies into dependence of sensitivity of cytostatics on overlap index of ovarian cancer in cell cultures (author's transl)]. AB - Overlap index and cytostatic sensitivity pattern were determined from 66 cell cultures of ovarian carcinoma. The average overlap index of all cell cultures tested was 42.2 per cent +/- 20.5 and proved to be equivalent to that of malignant tumours in different locations. The wide scatter was attributed to the biological individuality of ovarian carcinoma. High overlap indices usually are indicators to high sensitivity to cytostatics, whereas low overlap indices may reflect low sensitivity or even resistance to cytostatic agents. Yet, no high accuracy prediction can be made for the real individual case. The question is raised, if both parameters are separate and independent indicators to characterise a given tumour or parameters with correlations between them. PMID- 7043955 TI - [Studies into human foetal pancreas--critical appraisal of methods for tissue preparation (author's transl)]. AB - Three different methods of legal abortion were applied to 23 patients, who had asked for termination of pregnancy, between the eleventh and 14th weeks of pregnancy. In vitro studies into human foetal pancreas were taken into consideration, when the choice was made. Carbohydrate tolerance was normal in all cases (50 g oGTT). Timing of intra-uterine foetal death, in the context of the three above methods (B-scan ultrasonic diagnosis and HPL level measurement) as well as studies into in vitro stimulation of foetopancreatic insulin secretion have shown purely mechanical, surgical abortion, sometimes following prostaglandin cervical gel priming, to be indispensable a condition for successful in vitro elucidation of the aetiopathogenesis of foetal diabetes. Extra-amniotic prostaglandin induction of abortion has failed to yield any relevant information, in that context. PMID- 7043956 TI - [Comparative studies of the effectivity of oral immunization with heat inactivated and live, avirulent (Gal E-) S. typhimurium bacteria against salmonellosis in calves]. PMID- 7043957 TI - [Immune response and resistance to infection of calves following oral immunization against S. typhimurium with an inactivated vaccine]. PMID- 7043958 TI - [Hypothesis of possible evolution and functional specialization based on the recombination and transposition of elementary functional blocks]. AB - A number of examples demonstrating that different cell and organ functions are being performed by a limited set of identical or similar functional blocks has been analysed. The latters are molecular or supramolecular structures fulfilling elementary functions. Functional evolution, functional and structural specializations, divergence, convergence and other processes have been considered as associated largely with the relationship, recombination and transposition of such elementary functional blocks, presumably, originated at the early stages of evolution. PMID- 7043959 TI - [Metabolic and hematologic changes in the northern red-backed vole Clethrionomys rutilus and the large-toothed red-backed vole Clethrionomys rufocanus during short-term starvation and refeeding]. AB - The effect of starvation has been investigated on the content of glucose and lipids in the blood plasma, on the level of leucocytes in the peripheral blood and on the concentration of total lipids and glycogen in the liver. It was found that in both species of the voles, starvation within 20-22 hours sharply decreases glucose content and increases lipid content of the blood plasma. The liver glycogen becomes almost completely exhausted. These changes are more significant than those observed under similar conditions in laboratory rodents (albino mice and rats). During starvation of the voles, the level of leucocytes drastically decreases, whereas lipid content of the liver significantly increased. These changes are absent in laboratory rodents. The decrease in the content of glucose and in the level of leucocytes in the blood is more significant in C. rufocanus than in C, rutilis. On the contrary, accumulation of the lipids in the liver is more intense in the latter. The recovery of the investigated indices after refeeding is very slow. Possible significance of these re-arrangements for temperature and immune homeostases, as well as for regulation of other functions in the organism, is discussed. PMID- 7043961 TI - [Comparative ultrastructural study of the inner medullary zone of the kidney of rodents with varying water access in the habitat environment]. AB - Studies have been made on the papillary zone of the kidney in wild rodents Microtus oeconomus, M. afganus, Nesokia indica and Rhombomus opimus, representing related taxonomic species but differing with respect to accessibility to water. In animals with high concentrating capacity, pronounced peculiarities of ultrastructure of descending and ascending parts of Henle's loop, thin epithelial layer in the collecting tubules and poor development of interstitial tissue account for higher level of water reabsorption. On the contrary, cytoplasmic ultrastructure of the collecting tubules in more arid species in simpler, this fact being presumably unrelated to the level of water reabsorption. Therefore, adaptation of the species investigated to the level of water accessibility is accompanied by ultrastructural changes in the inner medullary zone of the kidney. PMID- 7043960 TI - [Lysosomal proteolytic system of eukaryotes in the process of phylogenetic development]. AB - Significant differences have been found between the spectra of lysosomal proteinases in animals from different taxonomic groups, i.e. Hydra oligactis. Digesia tigrina, Anodonta cygnea, Salmo irideus, Rana ridibunda, Gallus bankiva, Rattus norvegicus. In lower organisms, which exhibit mainly intracellular digestion (Hydrozoa, Turbellaria), lysosomal proteolytic system is presented almost exclusively by cathepsin D, whereas in higher animals the quota of cathepsin D activity decreases (4-10 times) together with the increase in the activity of other proteinases (cathepsins A, B1 and C). The increase in the proportion of proteinases with a higher substrate specificity presumably reflects evolutionary specialization of cellular lysosomal apparatus. PMID- 7043962 TI - [Nonselective mechanism of antibody-induced stable antigenic variability in microorganisms. II. Patterns of antigenic variability in cholera vibrios]. PMID- 7043963 TI - [Scientific achievement of L. V. Gromashevskii]. PMID- 7043964 TI - [Precepts of Dr. K. O. Iagel'skii on the prevention and treatment of plague]. PMID- 7043965 TI - [Taxonomic problems of bacteria in the genera Rettgerella and Providencia]. PMID- 7043966 TI - [Rapid diagnostic systems: a prospective principle of diagnostic preparation design and the calculation of rapid systems]. PMID- 7043967 TI - [Dynamics of lysosomal cationic proteins in experimental streptococcal infection in monkeys]. AB - The study of the time course of nonenzymatic lysosomal cation proteins in monkeys (rhesus macaques) revealed its correlation with the clinical manifestations of the developing disease. At the period of pronounced clinical manifestations of the disease the cation protein indices decreased. They returned to the initial level when the general state of the animals improved, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate decreased and the leukocyte formula became normal. The determination of the cation protein level can serve as an additional test for the evaluation of the natural resistance of the body. PMID- 7043968 TI - [Analysis of the basic protein fractions of the outer membrane in E. coli strains differing in survivability in air]. AB - The study of the spectrum of the main fractions of proteins contained in the outer membrane of E. coli strains has revealed the relationship between the composition of protein fractions in the outer membrane and the level of the survival of these bacteria in the air. The increased survival capacity of E. coli strain K12 after the transfer of pSA 50 plasmid has been found to correlate with the appearance of 2 molecular fractions in the outer membrane. The positions of these fractions correspond to the molecular weights 70,000 daltons and 80,000 daltons. PMID- 7043969 TI - [Correlations of the indices of tick-borne encephalitis morbidity in the Maritime Territory with natural factors]. AB - The comparison of the absolute figures of the tick-borne encephalitis morbidity and mortality rates in the Primorye Territory for 16-22 years with the climatic parameters and the characteristics of the natural focus in the key area has allowed one to reveal close relationship between the two above-mentioned epidemiological characteristics and such factors as the intensity of monsoon rains and the size of the population of large-toothed redback voles in the previous year. Multiple regression equations suitable for the prognosis of the morbidity and mortality levels in the territory for the coming year have been set up. PMID- 7043971 TI - [Cellular reactions of increased delayed sensitivity in human pseudotuberculosis]. AB - A total of 145 patients having Far Eastern scarlatiniform fever, 99 healthy persons and 54 patients with diseases of non-pseudotuberculous etiology have been examined by means of Fradkin's neutrophil damage test, the capillary cell migration inhibition test and the intradermal test. The specific transformation of the cellular immunity system has been shown to occur in scarlatiniform fever. This transformation takes the form of delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. The immunological tests used in this study have been found to be specific, highly sensitive, simple and suitable for diagnosing Far Eastern scarlatiniform fever. PMID- 7043970 TI - [Local immunity in acute dysentery. II. The content of antibody-forming cells in the large intestine mucosa in acute Flexner dysentery in the dynamics of the disease]. AB - Antibody-forming cells were detected in the large intestine of patients with acute Flexner's dysentery by means of the modified Jerne - Nordin method of hemolysis in agar. This method allowed one to determine the classes of immunoglobulins produced by the cells contained in tissue microspecimens obtained by the biopsy of the intestinal mucosa. The maximum amount of antibody-containing cells could be detected on days 7-12 of the disease. The content of antibody forming cells was shown to depend on the severity of dysentery, the duration of the disease and the therapeutic methods used in the process of treatment. IgA was found to be the most frequent antigen type. PMID- 7043972 TI - [Experimental polyarthritis in rabbits induced by Mycoplasma fermentans]. AB - The time course of the distribution of M. fermentans antigen in the body of rabbits infected by a single intraperitoneal injection, as well as morphological and immunological changes occurring in the joints of the infected animals during 12 weeks of observation have been studied. M. fermentans, or its antigen, has been shown to persist mainly in immunocompetent organs and articular tissues, its localization in articular cartilage corresponding to the areas of dystrophic changes. The character of the pathological process in the joints is similar to rheumatoid arthritis in humans, which is confirmed by the results of immuno morphological studies. The local synthesis of IgG and rheumatoid factor, the deposition of immune complexes and the presence of phagocytes in synovia have been detected. PMID- 7043974 TI - [Analysis of the forrmation and dynamics of the "outside the body" portion of a population of the causative agent in a natural focus of leptospirosis]. AB - Field experiments with the use of radioisotope models have shown that urine containing leptospirae is regularly excreted in the same "infected spots" of the territory under study. For this reason, it is an increase in the frequency of Leptospira excretion in each "infected spot", rather than an increase in the number of such spots, which occurs in the course of the epizootic. To detect the "infected spots" on the experimental ground with the use of radioisotope models, the registration of such spots for 5-7 days is sufficient. The excretion of urine by animals in the "infected spots" has been shown to decrease the acidity of the soil, thus creating conditions favorable for the survival of leptospirae in the soil. PMID- 7043973 TI - [Nonspecific Shigella suppression of delayed hypersensitivity]. AB - Experimental study in mice has revealed that live virulent shigellae, in contrast to killed ones, suppress the secondary immune response to guinea pig splenocytes, manifested as delayed type hypersensitivity. This suppression is caused by disturbances in the process of the realization of the existing immunological memory: avirulent shigellae have been proved to cause no such effect. PMID- 7043975 TI - [Use of stationary-growth broth cultures for obtaining Escherichia enterotoxins. I. Study of the preparations from reference strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia]. AB - Experiments with standard enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains 06:H16, 015:H11, 078:H11, 0148:H28 and 26 nonenterotoxigenic enterobacterial strains used for control were carried out. As a result, the preparation, simple in manufacture and containing thermolabile enterotoxin (TLE) and thermostable enterotoxin (TSE), was obtained: the supernatant fluid (SF) of 48-hour ETEC culture grown at 37 degrees C in flasks with Hottinger's broth without shaking. the possibility of using SF obtained by the centrifugation of the cultures 2 times for 1 hour at 8,000-10,000 r. p. m. was shown. The comparison with the control preparation indicated that the SF thus obtained possessed high biological activity and induced specific reactions in the paw edema test in mice for detecting TLE and in the anal test in suckling mice for detecting TSE. PMID- 7043976 TI - [Use of the antibody neutralization reaction (after cultivation) for the diagnosis of intestinal coli infection]. AB - The combined bacteriological and serological method (viz., the antibody neutralization test after the short-time cultivation of the tested material on solid culture media) was used for the etiological diagnosis of intestinal E. coli infection and proved to be more effective in the study of sporadic and group infections than the bacteriological method. PMID- 7043977 TI - [Use of stationary-growth broth cultures for obtaining Escherichia enterotoxins. II. Study of Escherichia preparations isolated from diarrhea patients]. AB - The preparation, simple in manufacture and consisting of the supernatant fluid (SF) of 48-hour cultures grown in flasks with Hottinger's broth without shaking, was shown to be suitable for the detection of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) in diarrhea patients. SF of the cultures of 1206 E. coli strains isolated from 809 adults, together with control preparations, were studied by means of anal test in suckling mice, used to detect thermostable enterotoxin (TSE), and the paw edema test, used to detect thermolabile enterotoxin (TLE). These SF contained highly active TSE and having specific action. The use of SF ensured the high frequency of ETEC detection in patients with different intestinal diseases (in 262 out of 430 patients), placed in the same hospital. The specificity of these results and the relation of the isolated ETEC to the diseases diagnosed in the patients were confirmed by the fact that the frequency of ETEC detection was significantly less in healthy persons (in 22 out of 242 subjects). PMID- 7043979 TI - [Experimental latent tularemia in common voles]. AB - Common voles (Microtus subarvalis) were infected with tularemia by feeding them with the corpses of the animals which had been infected with Francisella tularensis strain having somewhat decreased virulence. This resulted in nonlethal infection in 14 out of 433 voles used in the experiment. A considerable part of the animals having had the infection developed bacterial carriership (11 out of 13 animals) with bacteriuria (8 out of 11 animals) lasting up to 2 months. The persistence of Francisella tularensis in the body of the animals having had the infection could last as long as 6-11 months. The possible epizootological importance of the latent course of tularemia infection in common voles is discussed. PMID- 7043978 TI - [Systemic and local humoral immunity study using the indirect immunofluorescence reaction in chronic inflammatory lung disease patients. II. Serological research results with Haemophilus influenzae autostrains and their comparison with the level of systemic antipneumococcal immunity]. AB - The indirect immunofluorescence test with the use of H. influenzae autostrains, carried out in patients with chronic bronchitis at the acute stage of the disease, did not reveal any correlation between the presence of these bacteria in the bronchial contents and systemic immune response in 26-39% of the patients. During the acute stage of chronic bronchitis a tendency towards enhancement of immune response to H. influenzae autostrains was observed. As indicated by the repeated test, this tendency was manifested by the prevalence of high antibody titers, the increase of the mean geometrical titer (p less than 0.05) reaching the dilution 1:1135 +/- 216 and the fold increase of the initial antibody level in 18.5 +/- 5.2% of the patients. 50 patients with chronic bronchitis were found to both pneumococci and H. influenzae in their bronchial contents; as indicated by the results of the indirect immunofluorescence test with the use of autostrains of these bacteria, in 18 patients (36 +/- 6.7%) equal antibody titers (+/- 1 dilution) were detected, while more than a half of serum samples (56 +/- 7%) showed the 4-fold an greater increase of th antipneumococcal antibody level, and only 4 samples proved to have the same prevalence of activity against H. influenzae. PMID- 7043980 TI - [Experimental verification of the possibilities of a method for predicting the continuous cultivation of microorganisms based on data on their periodic growth]. AB - Experiments realizing the processes of the continuous cultivation of S. typhi have confirmed the suitability of using the graphic method for the prognosing of these processes (Luedeking and Piret, 1959) on the basis of the data on their batch cultivation. The method ensures good conformity with the experimental data. It allows one to determine not only microbial concentration by giving the values of the dilution rate, but also the required dilation rate by giving the values of microbial concentration. PMID- 7043981 TI - [Prophylactic aspects of human pseudotuberculosis]. AB - For the first time the effectiveness of the complex of preventive measures carried out in the foci of human pseudotuberculosis in evaluated. It has been shown that one can control the disease, prevent group infections and outbreaks by simple sanitary and hygienic measures, such as following the rules of culinary technology and excluding raw vegetables from the diet, thus interrupting the main routes of infection transfer. These measures have proved to be effective even when the causative agent is abundant in the foci of infection. To prevent sporadic infection whose foci have the tendency to increase in number, the above mentioned measures are not sufficient; the population must actively participate the realization of the measures of personal protection. PMID- 7043982 TI - [Development of experimental keratoconjunctivitis as affected by the combined action of microbial agents and penicillin]. PMID- 7043983 TI - [Use in laboratory practice of stable paper indicator systems for accelerated differentiation of bacteria of the family Vibrionaceae]. AB - A total of 5082 cultures belonging to the family Vibrionaceae and 100 strains of enterobacteria were identified by means of the paper indicator systems manufactured by the Gorky Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology and with the use of the classical method. The results thus obtained indicate that these systems proved to be sufficiently sensitive and specific, which allows one to recommend them for wide introduction into laboratory practice. PMID- 7043984 TI - [Systemic and local immunity problems in protracted and chronic dysentery in children]. AB - The results of the study of systemic and local immunity in cases of prolonged and chronic dysentery in children are presented. These results indicate that a decrease in the levels of immunoglobulins and specific IgM and IgA antibodies in the blood serum and coprofiltrates was observed as the process became chronic. The titer of specific IgG antibodies in the serum remained on a relatively high level, thus indicating the presence of the active infectious process. The low level of specific IgA antibodies correlated with a decrease in IgA-producing cells in the mucosa of the large intestine, which suggested that this form of the disease was accompanied by disturbances in the mechanisms of local immunity. PMID- 7043985 TI - [Methods of isolating and studying the M protein of group A Streptococci]. PMID- 7043986 TI - [Contribution of S. N. Davidenkov to resolving the problem of hereditary nervous and mental disorders]. PMID- 7043987 TI - [Models of cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7043988 TI - [Current status of the problem of the treatment and prevention of hereditary diseases]. AB - The author demonstrates the development of S. N. Davidenkov's concepts concerning the problem of treating and preventing hereditary diseases in modern genetics. The results of research work carried out by the author and her colleagues are presented. A new direction in the treatment of hereditary diseases, that is, targeted delivery of microincapsulated macromolecules (enzymes) to the cells, as an alternative to enzymotherapy, is described, and the results attained in this field are presented. Prospects of the new direction are demonstrated. Problems of prophylaxis and, particularly, prenatal diagnosis of hereditary diseases are described. PMID- 7043989 TI - Effect of sodium ion concentration on transfer RNA conformation in solution studied by Rayleigh light scattering. AB - The sodium ion concentration dependent conformational changes of transfer RNA (unfractionated tRNA from baker's yeast) have been studied in unbuffered aqueous solutions by Rayleigh light scattering. Changes of the optical parameters of the molecule indicated the following conformational changes of tRNA with increasing NaCl concentration: in salt-free solution tRNA molecules have an irregular hairpin loop-like structure in which the orientation of base rings is not correlated. Upon addition of a small amount of NaCl (0.005 M) an increasing ordering of this structure is observed. In 0.1 M-NaCl the molecule has an extended structure with ordered regions (arms). Further increase of sodium ion concentration up to 2 M results in folding of the extended structure and formation of a compact and rigid conformation in which most of the bases are nearly perpendicular to the symmetry axis of the molecule. PMID- 7043990 TI - Studies on protein turnover in cell culture: evidence for the existence of a specific proteolytic state and its relation to cellular proliferation and cellular senescence. PMID- 7043991 TI - Levels of proteolytic activities and cell protein degradation. AB - The chanelling of substrate proteins to the degradative sites is generally considered to be the main limiting step for both basal and accelerated cell protein catabolism. On the other hand, circumstantial evidence from different laboratories suggests that overall protein catabolic rates and intracellular levels of proteolytic activities may be related. Two relevant examples are discussed. The first concerns the effects of repeated doses of cycloheximide on the rat liver, which result in stabilization of slow-turnover proteins concurrent with a marked reduction in lysosomal proteinase activities. The second is liver growth, both developmental and induced, where decreased protein degradation is likewise associated with reduced proteinase activity levels. In the regenerating liver, in particular, the reduction in lysosomal enzyme activities is not homogeneously distributed among cells, but seems mainly accounted for by changes which involve dividing hepatocytes. Evidence is presented indicating that the intracellular level of lysosomal proteinase activities, particularly cathepsin B, in the liver is subjected to relatively rapid adjustments, which is compatible with a possible role for them in the regulation of cell protein catabolism. PMID- 7043992 TI - Selective proteolysis of abnormal proteins of shortened chain length in rabbit reticulocytes. AB - Proteolysis of certain shortened globin chains can proceed in cell-free extracts of rabbit reticulocytes in the absence of ATP. Proteolysis of amino acid analogue induced abnormal globin chains of normal chain length may be stimulated by ATP, however. The ATP independent degradation of globin cyanogen bromide-peptides appears to require the presence of free, unblocked amino groups in the substrate, has a pH optimum of 7.8 and is inhibited by phenanthroline, cobalt and zinc ions, N-ethylmaleimide and cystamine. PMID- 7043993 TI - ATP-dependent proteolysis in erythroid and muscle cells. AB - Reticulocytes contain a soluble, non-lysosomal proteolytic activity which appears responsible for the energy-dependent degradation of several proteins within these cells. This activity requires Mg++-ATP, has a pH-optimum of 7.8, and is inhibited by hemin and sulfhydryl reagents such as iodoacetamide and N-ethylmaleimide. With reticulocyte maturation ATP-dependent activity disappears although protease not requiring ATP remains and even increases. Poly-L-lysine was found to specifically inhibit ATP-dependent activity although it is a poor substrate for this system. Various protease fractions with reduced ATP-dependence and erythrocyte activity not requiring ATP showed decreased sensitivity to polylysine. The effect of polylysine was found to increase with polymer length and may relate to the apparent selectivity of ATP-dependent degradation toward large substrates. In addition, reductive methylation of amino groups on alpha-casein selectively inhibited ATP-dependent breakdown of this protein. Such results suggest that ATP may act at a step which proceeds proteolysis and that substrate amino groups play a role in recognition by the ATP-dependent system. However, such experiments do not yet exclude other mechanisms of action for polylysine's effect. Other experiments have confirmed that reticulocyte activity may involve a non proteolytic factor which stimulates a protease-containing fraction from these cells. An analogous ATP-dependent activity has been described in muscle suggesting a general function for this degradative activity. Future studies should lead to more insight into the role of ATP and the importance of this system in protein catabolism. PMID- 7043994 TI - Protein turnover in tissues of diabetic rats. AB - Rates of protein breakdown in tissues of diabetic rats were estimated by measuring the rates of protein synthesis and growth of protein mass. Measurements were made after withdrawal of insulin from streptozotocin diabetic rats that had been maintained with daily insulin injections. In muscle of the control (insulin treated) rats there was rapid catch up growth associated with increased protein synthesis and decreased breakdown. Insulin withdrawal resulted in a loss of protein, a decreased rate of synthesis and an elevated rate of breakdown. In the liver of the insulin withdrawn rats there was an immediate loss of protein associated with reduced synthesis and increased breakdown, but after two days the protein loss ceased and breakdown was also depressed. The response of kidney to insulin withdrawal was an increase in protein mass, brought about entirely by an inhibition of proteolysis. PMID- 7043995 TI - Protein degradation in skeletal muscle: implications of a first order reaction for the degradative process. AB - The rate of protein degradation is usually thought to be first order, i.e. determined by the nature of the protein as a substrate. It is not immediately apparent if this is the case for the overall process in the cell since rates of turnover of individual proteins may vary between tissues. In muscle the characteristics of protein turnover in relation to DNA-unit size have led to the development of a model for protein turnover in which degradation rates are determined by the rate of dissociation of protein subunits from the myofibrillar matrix. This is a necessary step if heterogeneous turnover occurs and if degradation and resynthesis of myofibrillar proteins occurs peripherally to the myofibril. As a result a first order rate can be envisaged so that during muscle growth the protein mass per unit DNA increases to a characteristic amount thus determining the specific activity of the degrading system. Such a mechanism may apply to all cells. PMID- 7043996 TI - Identification and possible regulation of muscle cell lysosomal protease activity by exogenous protease inhibitors. AB - Using immunohistochemical or histochemical techniques lysosomal proteases have been localized in muscle cells. These include two exopeptidases (dipeptidyl peptidase I and II) and three endopeptidases (cathepsins B, D, and H). In general, the enzymes varied in apparent activities with the soleus muscle always more reactive than the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) of the rat. Cathepsin B and dipeptidyl peptidase I were localized primarily in subsarcolemmal regions whereas cathepsin H and dipeptidyl peptidase II were scattered throughout the sarcoplasm consistent with other observation of two populations of muscle lysosomes. However, cathepsin D could not be localized in either type of lysosome by similar histochemical techniques. Using immunohistochemical techniques, the protease inhibitors alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-inhibitor3 were recognized in intracellular compartments within muscle cells. alpha 1-antitrypsin appeared scattered throughout the cytoplasm while alpha 1-inhibitor3 was localized in discrete subsarcolemmal regions. Both inhibitor content and protease activity were diminished in skeletal muscles following streptozotocin-induced diabetes. PMID- 7043997 TI - Proteolysis of myofibrillar proteins at neutral pH. AB - Myofibrils that had been exposed to rat pancreatic trypsin-like serine proteinase and to beef heart Ca2+-activated thiol proteinase were examined in the electron microscope and by SDS-gel electrophoresis. The former enzyme caused more extensive disruption of the ultrastructure and degraded more of the myofibril proteins than the CA2+-activated proteinase. The susceptibilities of individual purified proteins to the two enzymes were also compared. Myosin was virtually resistant to the Ca2+-activated enzyme but with smooth muscle myosin/rat serine proteinase at a ratio of 20000/1, heavy chain degradation took place very rapidly and the ability of the degraded myosin to have its ATPase activity activated by actin in the presence of Ca2+ was lost at a similar rate. G-actin, troponins T and I and alpha-actinin were also degraded readily by the trypsin-like proteinase whereas tropomyosin, a negatively charged rodlike protein, was more resistant. The cellular location of both proteinases remains to be established but from these results obtained in vitro, consideration is given to whether these types of proteinase might work cooperatively in vivo to bring about the disassembly and turnover of myofibrillar proteins that is known to take place outside the lysosomes in muscle. PMID- 7043999 TI - Studies on the alkaline proteinase system in rat skeletal muscle. AB - The alkaline proteolytic activity, as measured with azocasein as substrate, is significantly increased in the musculus extensor digitorum longus 8 days after induction of diabetes mellitus, whereas in soleus muscle, a slightly lower activity is measured when compared to control rats. Ethyleneglycol extraction of the activity from muscles of normal rats and subsequent fractionation by gel filtration revealed three distinct proteinase activities, corresponding to mol. wts. of 120000, 70000 and 18000. Induction of diabetes mellitus in rats is followed by a loss of the 120000 mol.wt. component. Treatment of the diabetic rats with compound 48/80 results in a complete loss of all three proteinase peaks. The activity of a proteinase inhibitor with an apparent mol. wt. of 60000 was unaffected by these manipulations. PMID- 7043998 TI - Properties of the lysosomal apparatus during differentiation of cultured striated muscle cells. AB - A technique for the preparation of relatively pure myoblasts from chick primary culture is described. Cultured rat myogenic cells (L6) were plated and grown to provide three morphologically distinct cell populations: perfusion, postfusion, and nonfusion. Homogenates of L6 cells demonstrated two major peaks of proteolytic activity at pH 3.0 and 5.5. The activity could be partially inhibited by leupeptin or pepstatin. Differential centrifugation indicated significant acid hydrolase activity in the "H" fraction of prefused cells, which shifted to the "L" fraction after fusion of the cells. Two populations of lysosomes were resolved in the myoblasts and myotubes after isopycnic centrifugation in Percoll. The equilibrium densities were 1.044 and 1.060-1.068. Cells were incubated with several protease inhibitors. Only chloroquine caused a large inhibition of protein degradation. PMID- 7044000 TI - Controlled intracellular proteolysis during postpartal involution of the uterus: characterization and regulation of an alkaline proteinase. AB - The postpartal involution of the uterus is predominantly due to cellular hypotrophy. This implies an intracellular proteolytic system which must be carefully controlled pre and post partum. We have characterized and partially purified a proteinase with an alkaline pH-optimum of activity and a proteinase inhibitor protein which inhibits this proteinase very strongly. The alkaline proteinase copurifies with the actomyosin complex of the uterine myometrium and degrades the actomyosin complex with a concomitant loss of its myosin-ATPase activity. The alkaline proteinase is a very labile enzyme, markedly sensitive to SH-group modifying agents and has very high molecular weight at the present state of purification. This proteolytic enzyme could specifically be separated from the main components of the actomyosin complex by extraction with low ionic strength phosphate buffers. The proteinase inhibitor protein may control the activity of this alkaline proteinase during pregnancy and involution. The inhibitor protein raises 15-fold during pregnancy, possibly blocks important steps of intracellular proteolysis and permits organ growth. The dramatic fall of the inhibitor protein activity after parturition, which precedes the loss of weight, could release the proteolytic system, including the alkaline proteinase, and permits controlled intracellular degradation. PMID- 7044002 TI - Relative stability of intracellular proteins in bacterial cells. AB - The relative stabilities of soluble and membrane proteins were examined in growing Escherichia coli cells. In contrast to mammalian cells, we found no correlations between the isoelectric points or molecular weights of E. coli proteins and their degradative rates. The soluble proteins with short half-lives tended to be degraded preferentially in vitro by trypsin or chymotrypsin. The stability of membrane proteins in vivo was correlated with in vitro sensitivity to chymotrypsin but not to trypsin. In the total membrane fraction, endogenous proteolytic activity varied with growth conditions. This activity was inhibited by o-phenanthroline, EDTA and dithiothreitol suggesting that one or more metallo proteinases were present. Membrane proteinase activity was also inhibited by phenethyl alcohol, a membrane perturbant. The abundance of the membrane proteins that were most labile in vivo was dependent on growth conditions. The most labile protein accumulated in the outer membrane with an inverse relationship to growth rate. PMID- 7044001 TI - Initial events in the degradation of soluble cellular enzymes: factors affecting the stability and proteolytic susceptibility of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. AB - The effects of disulfides (oxidized glutathione or cystine) and of cellular proteinases on rabbit muscle aldolase activity, thermal stability and susceptibility to proteolysis were determined. Native aldolase was reversibly inactivated by cystine and oxidized glutathione. Disulfide-inactivated aldolase had a lower transition temperature and enthalpy for denaturation than the native enzyme and was extensively degraded by lysosomal enzymes or a metallo-proteinase, meprin. Native aldolase was also inactivated by lysosomal enzymes or meprin; this inactivation was due to limited proteolysis in the C-terminus. However, aldolase inactivated by limited proteolysis had the same thermal stability as native aldolase and was resistant to extensive proteolysis by lysosomal enzymes or meprin. These data provide insight into the molecular basis whereby formation of mixed disulfides between proteins and glutathione or cysteine may result in unstable protein conformations and may be an initial event in the process of degradation of soluble cellular enzymes to amino acids and small peptides. PMID- 7044003 TI - Alkaline proteolytic activity from smooth muscle of mouse small intestine. AB - An alkaline proteolytic activity from the smooth muscle of mouse small intestine has been separated and characterised. The activity sedimented after high-speed centrifugation, but was released into the soluble phase after treatment with 2.0 M KCl. The proteinase was found to be sensitive to salt concentration and the activity was maximal between 0.1-0.5 M NaCl/KCl and pH 9.5. This activity was completely inhibited by di-isopropylphosphoro fluoridate suggesting that it is a serine endopeptidase. The proteinase was identified as chymotrypsin-like due to the inhibition observed with the agents chymostatin, lima bean and soya bean trypsin inhibitor. These characteristics of the alkaline proteinase resemble the properties of the mast cell enzyme, chymase. The enzyme activity was measured in 48/80 treated animals and the mutant strain w/wv, which do not contain mast cells. No significant reduction in the enzyme activity was observed. PMID- 7044004 TI - Properties and distribution of aminopeptidase and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase III of human erythrocytes. AB - The catalytic properties of depeptidyl aminopeptidase and aminopeptidase isolated from human erythrocytes, and the distribution of their activities in different blood cells were determined. Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase was shown to be of the dipeptidyl aminopeptidase III type, activated by Co2+ and inhibited by EDTA, pCMB and partially by DFP and leupeptin. Aminopeptidase preferred Lys-, Phe-, ARg-, and Met-2-naphthylamides as substrates. It was activated by Co2+ and inhibited by EDTA amastatin, bestatin and leupeptin. Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase III activity and aminopeptidase activity on arginine-2-naphthylamide was higher in the population of younger red blood cells. The same activities were also found in thrombocytes, mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in concentrations higher than those in erythrocytes. PMID- 7044005 TI - E-64 [L-trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucyl-amido(4-guanidino)butane] and related epoxides as inhibitors of cysteine proteinases. AB - 1. E-64 [L-trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucyl-amido(4-guanidino)butane] was found to be an active site directed irreversible inhibitor of all of the cysteine proteinases tested except clostripain, and not to affect other enzymes. Thus it seems to be a powerful selective inhibitor for cysteine proteinases in mammalian systems. 2. The very high rate of inactivation of some cysteine proteinases, including cathepsins B and L, allows the molarity of active enzyme to be determined by stoichiometric titration with E-64. This incidentally calibrates the rate assay of the enzyme in terms of molar concentrations. 3. Measurement of rates of reaction of E-64 and a number of optically active analogues with cathepsins B, H and L has given some insight into structure-activity relationships. Cathepsin H is far less reactive than the other enzymes, and generally cathepsins B and L have reactivities rather similar to each other with the epoxide inhibitors. PMID- 7044006 TI - Inhibition of acrosin by benzamidines. AB - Acrosin proved to be very susceptible to inhibition by benzamidine derivatives. Most of the inhibitors were at least 10-fold more potent against acrosin than against trypsin. The most potent inhibitors of acrosin of this series were amidinophenyl compounds with a keto group or a carbon amide moiety in the side chain. Comparison of the structure-activity relationships for the inhibition of acrosin and trypsin showed differences in the binding sites of both enzymes. PMID- 7044007 TI - The relationships between enzyme inhibitors and function of mammalian cells. AB - We have been searching for enzyme inhibitors in culture filtrates of microbes and have found leupeptin, antipain, chymostatin, elastatinal, pepstatin, hydroxypepstatin, pepstanone and phosphoramidon as specific inhibitors of serine, thiol, carboxyl and metallo proteases. We found significant activities of aminopeptidases, phosphatase and esterase on surface membranes of various mammalian cells. We discovered bestatin, amastatin, forphenicine, esterastin and ebelactones A and B as specific inhibitors against these enzymes. These inhibitors were proved to bind to cells and modify immune responses. The usefulness of bestatin in cancer treatment has been suggested by clinical studies. It has been shown by several investigators that some endopeptidases such as Ca2+-activated neutral proteases and some other serine proteases may play important roles in muscular dystrophy. In addition to these endopeptidases, we found an abnormal increase in various enzyme activities in dystrophic mice and chickens. Especially, aminopeptidase activities are markedly increased. Moreover, its inhibitor bestatin became interesting on the aspects of its binding to cell surfaces. Bestatin and leupeptin which inhibit Ca2+-dependent protease showed some therapeutic effects against mouse dystrophy. Investigating enzyme activities in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, we found increased activities of aminopeptidases, chymotrypsin-like enzyme, and phosphatase in rheumatoid arthritis but not in osteoarthritis. In chronic hemodialysis patients, RNase activity in serum is markedly elevated. Thus, enzyme inhibitors are increasing their potential usefulness in treatment of various diseases. PMID- 7044008 TI - The inactivation of streptomyces-derived proteinase inhibitors by mammalian tissue preparations. AB - The proteinase inhibitors leupeptin and chymostatin are inactivated by preparations of perfused mouse liver. The inhibitors are degraded maximally at neutral or alkaline pH values. The inactivating enzymes are inhibited by Dip-F and pms-F but not by EDTA, 1,10 phenanthroline or iodoacetic acid. The significance of these results is discussed in terms of the potential of the inhibitors as antiproteolytic drugs. PMID- 7044009 TI - Degradation of intracellular proteins in macrophages and fibroblasts. PMID- 7044010 TI - Internalization of cytoplasmic protein by lysosomes as the mechanism of resident protein turnover in liver. AB - Long lived, resident proteins comprise more than 99% of the cytoplasmic protein content in rat liver. In perfusion experiments, their overall rate of degradation can be varied from 4.5-5.0%/h with glucagon or stringent amino acid depletion to 1.5%/h with additions of 4-10 times normal plasma amino acids. The aggregate volume of degradative lysosomal components and their content of degradable protein, estimated in homogenate experiments, were found to relate directly to rates of protein breakdown from maximal down to and including the basal state. The rate constant of autophagic vacuole regression, estimated stereologically after stopping their formation with amino acids, was 0.087/min (t1/2 = 8.0 min), and the turnover of cytoplasmic volume during deprivation, calculated from this constant and increases over basal in either newly induced autophagic vacuoles (AVi) or secondary degradative forms, agreed quantitatively with corresponding rates of protein turnover. The fact that the time courses of intralysosomal proteolysis in liver homogenates were identical, despite large differences in the quantity of internalized protein degraded, suggests that the rate constant of intralysosomal digestion in intact hepatocytes is invariant over the full range of regulation. Our findings thus support the hypothesis that all resident proteins are sequestered and degraded by the lysosomal-vacuolar system. PMID- 7044011 TI - Surface hydrophobicity of proteins and selectivity of intracellular proteolysis. AB - The affinity of cytosol proteins from protein-free fed rats to hydrophobic surfaces is diminished in comparison to the affinity of cytosol proteins from normal or protein-rich fed rats. Furthermore, the affinity of these cytosol proteins to hydrophobic surfaces in the presence of ultrafiltrates from cytosol of rats fed previously a protein-rich diet or a protein-free diet is diminished. Ultrafiltration itself increases the affinity of cytosol proteins to hydrophobic surfaces (octyl-sepharose or phenyl-sepharose). PMID- 7044012 TI - Synthetic inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase. Pyrazoles containing an unsaturated hydrocarbon residue in the 4-position. AB - A series of pyrazoles containing an unsaturated hydrocarbon residue in the 4 position has been synthesized and tested for ability to inhibit the activity of the enzyme liver alcohol dehydrogenase. These compounds were found to be less active than the corresponding saturated analogues. PMID- 7044013 TI - The antianginal effect of molsidomine in prolonged oral therapy. A double blind, crossover, randomized study. AB - A double blind, crossover, random assignment study was undertaken in two 1 monthly stages following aw one-week wash-our period. Cyclo-ergometric tests were used to evaluate the antianginal effects of molsidomine compared with a placebo administered to 5 ambulatory patients with stable angina pectoris. After oral molsidomine (3 x 2 mg/day) the improvement of the evaluated parameters was significant: maximal exercise capacity, total workload, S-T segment depression. The therapeutic superiority of molsidomine compared to placebo is statistically significant. The effectiveness and tolerance observed in this clinical trial confirm the conclusions of numerous investigators. PMID- 7044014 TI - Superior vena cava syndrome following permanent transvenous endocardial cardiac pacing. PMID- 7044015 TI - Primary bacterial contamination of wound track. AB - Forty-four dogs were used. In experimental animals, Serratia marcescens inoculated cloth were placed on the entrance or exist side before shooting, while in control animals no inoculated cloth was placed. Bullet wounding was carried out to both hind legs from a distance of 20 metres. 5.56 mm calibre bullet was used. The impact velocity was 919 m/s or 716 m/s. Bacteriological examination was made immediately or 6 hrs after the shot. The experimental studies showed that primary bacterial contamination of bullet wounds could be resulted immediately after the shot. And it has been verified that the main mechanisms of primary bacterial contamination were two: (1) The bacteria were sucked into the wound by negative pressure of the temporary cavity at both entrance and exit sides. (2) At entrance side, in addition, bacteria could be further carried into the wound tract by contaminated bullet itself. PMID- 7044016 TI - Endocervical columnar cell atypia coincident with cervical neoplasia characterized by digital image analysis. AB - In the course of classifying uterine cervical epithelial cells for digital image analysis, certain changes in endocervical cells were observed. These changes coincided with the process ongoing in the squamous or metaplasia epithelium. Specifically, in severe dysplasias or carcinomas in situ (CIS), the endocervical nuclei reflected some of the same cytologic changes observed in the dysplastic or CIS squamous cells and yet definitely retained their columnar shape and cytoplasmic quality. This paper deals with almost unexplored area of the endocervical columnar cell in the face of significant cervical neoplasia. Correlation is made between the cytologic criteria observed by the human eye with the light microscope and significant parameters measured by digital image analysis. These measurements suggest that endocervical columnar cells may participate in the dysplastic progression toward CIS. PMID- 7044017 TI - [Acute respiratory insufficiency after digestive surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044018 TI - [In memoriam. Jean Arnous 1908-1981]. PMID- 7044019 TI - Biosynthesis and metabolism of rat antithrombin III. PMID- 7044020 TI - [Methods of study and the mechanism of chemotaxis and spontaneous migration of phagocytes in vitro]. PMID- 7044021 TI - Oral contraception and some debatable side effects. PMID- 7044022 TI - Gregory Pincus and steroidal contraception revisited. AB - The major milestone in physiology, chemistry and pharmacology which eventually resulted in the birth in steroidal contraception are discussed in the light of certain cultural, social and political changes, which have taken place over the past twenty years. The needs of some developing countries for a variety of improved, safe and inexpensive fertility regulating agents are considered against the background of the dramatically increased costs for the development of new fertility regulating drugs. It is suggested that an increased collaboration between the Pharmaceutical Industry and an International Public Sector Agency, such as the World Health Organization, might provide a suitable framework for the future development of new fertility regulating agents. PMID- 7044023 TI - [Pyelonephritis without significant bacteriuria]. PMID- 7044024 TI - Fasting biochemical parameters and their relationship to anthropometric measurements in childhood obesity. AB - Fasting plasma immunoreactive insulin, triglyceride, free fatty acid, cholesterol, glycerol, blood glucose, lactate, pyruvate level, and lactate/pyruvate ratio were measured and an intravenous glucose tolerance test was done in obese and control children. The levels of most of the metabolites and the glucose tolerance were similar in the two groups except for the higher immunoreactive insulin and triglyceride levels in the obese group. Further metabolic alterations could be detected when the obese children were divided into subgroups on the basis of fasting insulin and triglyceride levels, and of glucose tolerance. Only three significant correlations were found between metabolic parameters and anthropometric measurements when the obese group was treated as a whole, but numerous other positive and negative correlations were detected in the subgroups. The most striking and unexpected finding was the negative correlation between cholesterol and free fatty acids and some indices of fatness in the whole obese group and in some subgroups. It is concluded that obese children ("exogenous obesity") cannot be regarded as a metabolically homogeneous group and the correlations between anthropometric parameters and plasma metabolites remain to be controversial. PMID- 7044025 TI - Chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood. AB - A study of 16 patients with chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood (CBDC) is reported. They were followed up for 0.5 to 4.5 years. Histological and immunofluorescent (IF) study of the skin and local provocation of skin lesions by Trafuril test were carried out in every case, intestinal biopsy in twelve cases. Four patients were found to have IgG, and three IgA, along the skin basement membrane. In nine patients, no immunoglobulins were detectable; these IF negative cases seemed to be pseudonegative. Repeated biopsy and immunoelectronmicroscopic study of the skin may be helpful. In the three patient groups classified on the basis of skin IF studies, there was no difference in the clinical and histological picture, in reaction to Trafuril test and in the result of treatment. The small intestinal mucosa was abnormal in three of twelve patients. A gluten-free diet introduced in two patients had no effect on the course of the disease. CBDC with negative or positive IF, juvenile pemphigoid and IgA linear dermatosis seem to be a common clinical entity, different in severity and with individual variations. The condition is not identical with dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring. PMID- 7044026 TI - [Camping for diabetics and their HDL cholesterol level]. PMID- 7044027 TI - [Guest editorial from the philosophic view: Freedom for disease]. PMID- 7044028 TI - [Toward a psychological approach to childhood obesity]. PMID- 7044030 TI - [Meaning crises of adolescents, the young generation and society]. PMID- 7044029 TI - Children with problems in physical education in school, I. Social factors, school performance, and attitudes towards physical education and sports. PMID- 7044032 TI - Ill children have disturbed families too. PMID- 7044031 TI - [Endogenous-phasic psychosis at the brink of adolescence]. PMID- 7044033 TI - [Reactive behavior of parents in fictive parent-child conflict situations]. PMID- 7044034 TI - Children with problems in physical education in school. II. Physical factors and psychosocial problems. PMID- 7044035 TI - ["Normal" crises symptoms in children 0-4 years old]. PMID- 7044036 TI - [Mental health in the political perspective]. PMID- 7044037 TI - Demonstration of extracellular proteolytic enzymes from Legionella species strains by using synthetic chromogenic peptide substrates. AB - Crude concentrates of extracellular proteases from strains belonging to species within the genus Legionella were examined for their effect upon synthetic chromogenic tri- and tetrapeptides. For the species L. pneumophila, similar and reproducible substrate degradation patterns were found. Strains from the other Legionella species produced proteases with dissimilar proteolytic patterns, which were all distinct from those of the L. pneumophila proteases. PMID- 7044038 TI - Cationic polyelectrolytes, liquoid and leukocyte extract modulate the binding of IgG to group A streptococcal Fc-receptors. AB - Various polyelectrolytes were investigated regarding their capacity to inhibit the binding of human IgG to Fc-receptors on group A streptococci, type M1. Of cationic substances, protamine and arginine-rich histone inhibited significantly, while lysine-rich histone, concanavalin A, lysozyme, polymyxin B, ribonuclease and tuftsin did not. Of anionic materials, liquoid was inhibitory, in contrast to chondroitin sulphate, dextran sulphate, DNA and heparin. Washing experiments showed that the inhibition was caused by binding of the polyelectrolytes to the streptococci. The finding that heated IgG inhibited the binding of histone to the streptococci also indicated a close relation between the binding sites for these compounds. Diffusion-in-gel experiments with alkaline extract of M1 demonstrated that the substances blocking the IgG Fc-receptor were bound to polyglycerophosphate, suggesting that the inhibition of the IgG uptake was due to interaction with lipoteichoic acid. Leukocyte and platelet extracts could modify the binding of IgG, probably by an enzymatic digestion of the receptors. The arginine-rich histone was also capable of inhibiting the binding of IgG to type M15 group A streptococci and to one group G strain. However, the polyelectrolytes had no effect on the binding of IgG to Staphylococcus aureus or of IgA to type 4 group A streptococci. PMID- 7044039 TI - In-use tests of disinfectants. AB - In two different laboratories three methods were applied for in-use testing of 400 samples of disinfectants, primarily aldehyde and phenolic solutions, collected in 30 wards at 11 Danish hospitals. The results obtained with the Kelsey-Maurer test, the membrane filtration technique, and a standardized challenge test were in complete accordance, however, the challenge test revealed a few more inefficient samples, than the two other methods. For routine use at hospital laboratories the choice between the Kelsey-Maurer test or the modified Kelsey-Maurer technique using membrane filtration may be guided by the available equipment. The design and the application of a challenge test and pertinent criteria for test strains are discussed. Only about 3% of the samples failed to pass the tests, but a predominance (10%) of failures among the samples, received as number one in a series, underlines the didactic aspects of in-use testing. The study demonstrates that suitable methods exist and may be of value when introduced in the local policy of controlling disinfectants. PMID- 7044040 TI - Immune protection against enterotoxinogenic E. coli: search for synergy between antibodies to enterotoxin and somatic antigens. AB - The protective effect against intestinal challenge with enterotoxinogenic (ent+) E. coli of enterotoxin antibodies alone and in combination with various antibacterial antibodies has been studied in rabbits. Both antibodies against E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and cholera toxin were equally effective against different serotypes of ent+ E. coli. Antiserum to purified homologous E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as to cross-reactive LPS structures (Re LPS and Common antigen) contained protective antibodies which increased the protection obtained with anti-enterotoxin. Antiserum to whole bacteria acted synergistically with anti-LT against homologous and sometimes also against heterologous E. coli. This synergy remained after complete absorption of the LPS antibodies from the antibacterial serum. PMID- 7044041 TI - Monocyte functions in diabetes mellitus. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the functions of monocytes obtained from 14 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) compared with those of monocytes from healthy individuals. It was found that the total number of circulating monocytes in the 14 diabetic patients was lower than that from the healthy individuals. Phagocytosis of Candida albicans was decreased in the monocytes from the patients, whereas pinocytosis of acridine and phagocytosis of latex and sheep red blood cells were normal. The chemotactic response towards casein was enhanced. The possible consequences of these findings for the elucidation of concomitant infections in diabetic patients are discussed. PMID- 7044042 TI - Function of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leucocytes. Comparison of leucocytes from blood and exudate in healthy volunteers. AB - The function of polymorphonuclear neutrophils from blood (B-PMN) and from exudates (E-PMN) was studied in healthy volunteers. The E-PMNs were isolated from skin windows with chambers and the chemotactic, phagocytic and Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) reducing activity measured and compared to that of simultaneously obtained B-PMNs. The chemotactic and random migration of E-PMNs in Boyden chambers measured by the leading front and by the chemotactic index were reduced compared with B-PMNs (p less than 0.01). Serum independent phagocytosis of paraffin oil emulsions was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) by E PMNs after 12, 24 and 48 hours and not correlated to the function of B-PMNs. Opsonization with autologous serum increased the phagocytosis by both E-PMNs and B-PMNs, but mainly the latter. The NBT reduction by E-PMNs was increased (p less than 0.01) and positively correlated to the NBT reduction by resting B-PMNs. In contrast, there was no difference in NBT reduction between phagocytosing E-PMNs and B-PMNs. Mobilization of PMNs to an inflammatory focus in healthy subjects induces marked changes in the function, and B-PMN function cannot always be assumed to reflect the function of PMNs from inflammatory sites. PMID- 7044043 TI - Chlamydial serum IgG antibodies in patients with acute salpingitis measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of serum IgG antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis has been developed. The C. trachomatis subtype LGV-2 was used as antigen. The ELISA was reproducible and its sensitivity and specificity compared well with that of the single-antigen immunofluorescence test (r = 0.83). 29 (85%) of the 34 patients with acute salpingitis had chlamydial serum IgG antibodies measured by the ELISA technique. The detection level in single blood donor specimens was 30%. Among the 34 patients with acute salpingitis, 16 paired serum specimens showed a fourfold or greater rise/fall in antibody titres, and 12 of these belonged to the 19 who harboured C. trachomatis in the lower genital tract. PMID- 7044044 TI - Specificity of immunoglobulins synthesized within the central nervous system in neurosyphilis. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid from four patients with serologically and clinically verified neurosyphilis contained oligoclonal bands when analysed by isoelectric focusing. By antiserum immunofixation these bands consisted by IgG, and by antigen immunofixation and autoradiography the bands were shown to contain treponemal antibodies. Treponemal antibodies synthesized within the CNS were also detected in polyclonal CSF IgG fractions in two of the patients. In one patient with neurosyphilis followed over 2.5 years, local synthesis of IgM and IgA disappeared within 1 year after treatment, while IgG synthesis persisted. In this patient, besides treponemal antibodies, antibodies against herpes simplex virus were also detected in oligoclonal and polyclonal IgG fractions of CSF. The presence of treponemal antibodies synthesized within the CNS was identified in 2 of 16 controls with negative serological tests for syphilis. This might reflect a previous contact with apathogenic treponemes, and the intrathecal antibody synthesis might be a result of an unspecific activation of memory lymphocytes in CNS. PMID- 7044045 TI - Double-blind comparison of doxepin and desipramine in patients with primary affective disorder. AB - A double-blind comparison of doxepin versus desipramine was performed in carefully defined patients with research diagnosis of Primary Affective Disorder. While both drugs showed equal efficacy after 4 weeks, doxepin demonstrated a more rapid onset of action and surprisingly few side effects. Desipramine did not prove to be "activating" and did not worsen agitated depression. Although doxepin showed few autonomic side effects, it was nevertheless sedating, indicating that tricyclics with more anticholinergic effects are not necessarily more sedating drugs. PMID- 7044046 TI - Rating scales for affective disorders: their validity and consistency. PMID- 7044047 TI - Calculation of left ventricular volume using implanted tantalum markers: a method reproducible despite rotation of the heart. AB - Endocardial markers implanted by catheter have been used to estimate the left ventricular volume by outlining the ventricle in orthogonal planes. However, if the position of the ventricle with respect to the biplane radiographic system changes, the projected outlines formed by the markers will narrow and the calculated volume will decrease. Therefore, a mathematical technique to correct this error was developed. It was tested by extensively rotating silicone casts of the left ventricle to which markers were glued. Except for one position at which the volume deviated by 4.5 ml, all the calculated volumes of the casts were reproducible to within 2 ml. PMID- 7044048 TI - Factors of importance for QRS complex recovery after acute myocardial infarction. AB - The regression of the ECG signs of myocardial infarction has been studied in 101 patients. A significant increase in R wave amplitude and decrease in Q wave depth on the standard ECG was observed over three months. In 21% of the patients, Q waves disappeared completely. In inferior infarction, these changes were more apparent in the lateral V leads than in the inferior limb leads. Patients with intraventricular conduction defects were excluded. Two factors associated with the Q and R wave changes have been identified. Lower heart rates appeared to facilitate the recovery of R waves, and smaller infarcts, as assessed by peak LDH, showed greater ECG recovery. This study raises the interesting possibility that modification of the heart rate may affect favourably the healing process after an acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7044049 TI - Surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension in the elderly patient. PMID- 7044050 TI - A trial of metoprolol in hypertensive insulin-dependent diabetic patients. AB - Twenty-four insulin-dependent, hypertensive diabetic patients were treated with a beta 1-selective blocking agent (metoprolol) to evaluate its influence on diabetic state and arterial blood pressure (BP). Two groups were delineated after exclusion of one patient. Twelve patients (group A) obtained normotension with metoprolol alone, whilst 11 (group B) required concomitant treatment with thiazides, 7 of them both with thiazides and hydralazine. BP fell significantly in group B, by 15% (p less than 0.01), compared with pretreatment levels. Postprandial blood glucose levels, glucose excretion and insulin requirements were unchanged during treatment in all patients. Neither quantitative nor qualitative changes in the recognition of the effects of insulin were observed by 15 diabetics familiar with this sensation. Side-effects were few. One episode of severe hypoglycaemia, probably unrelated to the beta-blockade, was encountered. We suggest that antihypertensive treatment with metoprolol is a reasonable alternative in the treatment of hypertensive insulin-dependent diabetic patients. PMID- 7044051 TI - Single versus multiple daily administration of hydralazine in the maintenance treatment of hypertension. Clinical and pharmacokinetic aspects. PMID- 7044052 TI - Worksite smoking cessation initiatives: review and recommendations. AB - Offering health lifestyle change assistance in the workplace represents a major challenge for behavioral scientists and behavior therapists in the 1980's. Business and industry are showing special interest in employee smoking cessation. This paper reviews a wide range of worksite smoking cessation activities and related research. Six types of intervention are discussed: educational campaigns; policies restricting workplace smoking; self-help programs; physical examination and physician advice; incentive programs; and actual smoking cessation services. Existing research is critically reviewed. Practical recommendations for improving and systematically evaluating worksite quit smoking initiatives are presented. PMID- 7044053 TI - High-affinity binding of 3H-imipramine in brain and platelets: relevance to depression and antidepressant drugs. PMID- 7044054 TI - Trazodone--a new type of antidepressant: a discussion of pharmacological data and their clinical implications. PMID- 7044055 TI - New observation on androgen action: androgen receptor stabilization and antisteroid effects of LHRH agonists. PMID- 7044056 TI - The structure and physiology of gastrointestinal mucus. PMID- 7044057 TI - Studies upon the secretion of gastric mucus from normal subjects. PMID- 7044058 TI - An insoluble mucin complex from rat small intestine. PMID- 7044059 TI - Clinical aspects of gastrointestinal mucus. AB - In such a bird's eye view of a very complicated and complex literature it is inevitable that significant contributions, particularly from earlier investigators, will have been overlooked. We have tried, however, to provide a reasonable framework for the many presentations and discussions which will take place at this conference. As in the past, it is evident that much needs to be done to reconcile the excellent histochemical studies of gastrointestinal mucus in many diseases with the increasing knowledge of mucin structure and composition. This will only be achieved by extraction of highly pure mucin from diseased bowel. In this regard, post mortem material provides an opportunity for mucin researchers which is not available to workers in other fields because of relative freedom from decomposition. The wedding of mucin technology with immunology is also a major priority. Immunoassay techniques provide the answer to quick and accurate product identification in secretion studies. Specific monoclonal antibodies will provide the route to structural differentiation of antigens in complex mixtures. It is also evident that we must seek to develop a variety of controllable models for the study of functional parameters of mucus in physiological conditions, parasite rejection, neoplasia and inflammatory states. Promising initiatives have been touched upon in this review, but these must only be the beginning. One must conclude, however, by recognizing that advances in knowledge have been truly remarkable since the last conference in 1976. One senses that some of the keys which will one day unlock the gates of this "ill defined" kingdom are already in hand, while the remainder are at least within reach. PMID- 7044060 TI - Gastric mucus degradation in vivo in peptic ulcer patients and the effects of vagotomy. PMID- 7044061 TI - Structure and function of cervical mucus. PMID- 7044062 TI - Biosynthesis of mucus glycoproteins. PMID- 7044063 TI - Cervical mucus: its physiological role and clinical significance. PMID- 7044064 TI - The mechanisms and analysis of sperm migration through cervical mucus. PMID- 7044065 TI - Respiratory mucus: structure, metabolism and control of secretion. PMID- 7044066 TI - Clinical aspects of respiratory mucus. PMID- 7044067 TI - The mechanisms and control of bronchial mucous cell hyperplasia. AB - The studies presented here describe the involvement of cell proliferation, differentiation and transformation in the epithelial mucous cell increase observed in the airways of experimental animals exposed to tobacco smoke (TS) for 14 days: the inhibitory effect of concurrent administration by injection of non steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is also presented. In response to T.S. mucous cells arise mainly by self-replication and transformation of existing serous (secretory) cells while the production of ciliated cells appears to be mainly by differentiation of basal cells. Indomethacin inhibits the T.S.-induced mucous cell increase in a dose related way, the extent of which is dependent on the initial degree of response to T.S. and the airway level studied. The steroids dexamethasone, prednisolone and hydrocortisone, whilst effective in their inhibition gave no particular advantage over and above that seen with Indomethacin. PMID- 7044068 TI - Structure and function of mucus. AB - Discussing the available evidence a fairly strong case can be made for the existence of a basic glycoprotein unit, characterized by what may be a common protein backbone (Fig. 1). This is far less likely for the carbohydrate portion. The considerably more variability in the amount and composition of the carbohydrate coat and species and organ differences may arise because of this fact. Very large aggregates are built up from the basic unit using cross-links of disulfide bonds either intermolecularly, i.e. directly, or intramolecularly, i.e. indirectly via a possible lectin-like structure which forms its bond with some of the carbohydrate side chains. Structures of the order of 10-100 million molecular weight are to be expected which, being heavily entangled, give rise to the special rheological character of the mucus. In most instances mucus behaves rheologically like a gel. The concentration of glycoprotein in the mucus may be the most important parameter which determines the special rheological features required in a special functional context. A unified point of view, when discussing mucus structure and function, was taken. On the evidence available, it seems well justified to continue to do so. PMID- 7044069 TI - The run-in period in trial design: a comparison of two non-steroidal anti inflammatory agents in psoriatic arthropathy. AB - Psoriatic arthropathy is a relatively uncommon arthritis that exists in a wide variety of clinical forms. These two features of the disease cause problems in the design of clinical trials. In a comparison of two non-steroidal anti inflammatory agents in this condition we attempted to overcome the difficulties by using a run-in period during which the dosage of one of the trial drugs was adjusted to suit the individual patient. After two weeks on indomethacin (75 mg or 150 mg/day) patients were allocated to four-week periods of indomethacin in the chosen dosage or diclofenac (75 mg or 150 mg/day) in a double-blind randomized crossover trial that used double dummy packaging. Of the 35 patients that entered the study, 19 completed both study groups. No significant differences were observed between the clinical improvements due to both drugs during the course of the study. In general more side-effects were seen during indomethacin treatment, though the study design precluded exact comparison. In a study biased against diclofenac, patient preference was 9/19 for indomethacin, 4/19 for diclofenac and 7/19 expressing no choice. Advantages and disadvantages of the study design are discussed. PMID- 7044070 TI - A modified Schayer procedure for the estimation of histidine decarboxylase activity: its application on tissue extracts from gastric mucosa of various mammals. AB - The question of whether the gastric mucosa of mammals other than rats, mice and hamsters contains an acid (specific) histidine decarboxylase was re-investigated by using a modification of the classical isotope dilution method of Schayer. Its reliability was tested regarding sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy, applying criteria recommended by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. The assay is now suitable for measuring rather large series of samples. The suitability of several blanks for detecting histidine decarboxylase activity was investigated as a special problem of accuracy. The semicarbazide blank was found to be as reliable as the heating blank, the blank with tissue extract pretreated with perchloric acid or an incubation mixture without radio-labelled histidine. Reaction kinetics of histamine formation were linear over an incubation period of at least 3 h. Histidine decarboxylase activity as a rather low pH and substrate concentration, which is characteristic for the acid (specific) histidine decarboxylase, was demonstrated inthe gastric mucosa of human subjects, dogs, rabbits and guinea-pigs, always using the same incubation conditions for all species investigated. The highest enzymic activity was present in the oxyntic mucosa, but could be measured also in other parts of the stomach. PMID- 7044071 TI - [Urokinase therapy in diabetic retinopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044072 TI - [Ileocystoplasty of large experimental vesical defects in female dogs]. PMID- 7044073 TI - Urological complications in renal transplantation. PMID- 7044074 TI - Comparative evaluation of methods used for aerobic mesophile count determination. PMID- 7044075 TI - Comparison of the streak-plate and pour-plate techniques for determination of coliform counts of mild samples using crystal violet-neutral red-lactose-bile (VRBL) medium. PMID- 7044076 TI - Comparison of KS and BLB media for enumeration of coliform organisms in milk. PMID- 7044077 TI - Factors influencing the survival of pathogenic bacteria in soils. PMID- 7044078 TI - Blood-brain barrier: phenomenon of increasing importance to the imaging clinician. PMID- 7044079 TI - Evaluation of potential renal donors and renal allograft recipients: digital video subtraction angiography. AB - Digital video subtraction angiography is a safe, easily performed, outpatient procedure that was applied to evaluating the arterial anatomy of 11 potential renal donors and 22 examinations of 19 renal allograft recipients. Digital intravenous angiography depicted the number and position of renal arteries preoperatively in renal donors and excluded renal arterial or parenchymal disease. It accurately defined transplant arterial stenoses and demonstrated the status of the intrarenal circulation. No morbidity nor decreased renal function resulted. Digital video subtraction angiography has become the procedure of choice for these referrals at this institution. PMID- 7044080 TI - Arteriography and the fractured first rib: too much for too little? AB - The prevailing opinion that inlet (first and second) rib fractures carry a high rate of aortic-brachiocephalic injuries was tested in a retrospective analysis of radiographic, angiographic, and surgical records of 214 patients. Two patient populations were defined, identical in all traumatologic and radiologic aspects, except for the presence of inlet rib fractures in one group. Aortic/brachiocephalic trauma occurred at the same frequency in both populations. Because the contemporaneous occurrence of aortic-brachiocephalic wounding and inlet rib fractures is entirely a matter of coincidence, the presence of an inlet rib fracture alone should not constitute an indication for angiography. Vascular studies must be prompted by the presence of clinical signs or by radiographic findings suggesting a hematoma. PMID- 7044081 TI - Captopril therapy. PMID- 7044082 TI - Multiple risk functions for predicting coronary heart disease: the concept, accuracy, and application. PMID- 7044083 TI - Congestive heart failure in infancy: recognition and management. PMID- 7044084 TI - Comparative effects of oral verapamil and propranolol on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and energetics in patients with coronary artery disease: single-blind placebo crossover evaluation using radionuclide ventriculography. PMID- 7044085 TI - Managing viral diseases--two centuries of progress. PMID- 7044086 TI - Activity of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system assessed by plasma hormone levels and their relation to hemodynamic abnormalities in congestive heart failure. PMID- 7044087 TI - The contributions of sympathetic tone and the renin-angiotensin system to severe chronic congestive heart failure: response to specific inhibitors (prazosin and captopril). AB - The contribution of sympathetic tone and the renin-angiotensin system to the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure was evaluated. In 20 paired studies of the same 10 patients, the baseline hemodynamic and humoral correlates of congestive heart failure, and the response to alpha adrenergic blockade (prazosin) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (captopril) were assessed. Despite the extent of failure, baseline plasma renin activity ranged from normal to very high. In contrast, baseline plasma catecholamine levels were always elevated. Baseline plasma norepinephrine reflected the severity of heart failure, correlating inversely with baseline cardiac index before administration of both drugs. Comparable improvement in left ventricular function was noted after acute therapy. Baseline renin and norepinephrine did not predict the response to prazosin, but baseline renin did predict the response to captopril: pulmonary wedge pressure (r=-0.776, p less than 0.01), stroke index (r=0.752, p less than 0.02), systemic vascular resistance (r=-0.673, p less than 0.05). In summary, elevated levels of plasma norepinephrine were inversely correlated with baseline cardiac function but norepinephrine levels did not change despite improved hemodynamics with specific prazosin therapy. The renin-angiotensin system exhibited a wide spectrum of activity and hemodynamic improvement with captopril was related to this activity. Absence of a correlation between plasma norepinephrine and plasma renin activity suggested that their contributions to vasoconstriction were not interdependent. Increased sympathetic tone was consistent in severe heart failure, whereas renin-angiotensin activity differed widely. The response to captopril can be used to identify a subset of patients with severe heart failure and adverse angiotensin-mediated vasoconstriction. PMID- 7044088 TI - Pulsed Doppler echocardiography in diagnosis of pulmonary regurgitation: its value and limitations. PMID- 7044089 TI - Fast and slow idioventricular rhythms in the canine heart: a study of their mechanism using antiarrhythmic drugs and electrophysiologic testing. AB - Complete heart block in dogs was induced by injecting the His bundle with formalin. For the 1st few days after surgery, a fast idioventricular rhythm (cycle length 471 +/- 37 ms, mean +/- standard error of the mean) occurred either as the only ventricular rhythm or interspersed with a slow idioventricular rhythm (cycle length 1,307 +/- 17 ms). The response to cardiac pacing, lidocaine, ethmozin and verapamil in conscious dogs was studied 1 day and 1 to 2 weeks after surgery. The fast idioventricular rhythm could not be suppressed by overdrive pacing, and at times its rate actually increased after pacing. The basic length of the fast idioventricular rhythm was prolonged by ethmozin but not by verapamil or lidocaine. The recovery cycle length ( that is, that of the first beat after cessation of overdrive pacing) was prolonged by ethmozin and verapamil, but not lidocaine. The slow rhythm was suppressed by overdrive pacing and its rate was decreased by lidocaine, unaltered by ethmozin and increased by verapamil. The recovery cycle length of the slow rhythm also was prolonged by lidocaine, unaltered by ethmozin and decreased by verapamil. The results are consistent with the slow rhythm resulting from normal automaticity (that is, that which occurs at high levels of membrane potential and is overdrive-suppressed) and the fast rhythm resulting from an abnormal automatic mechanism (that which occurs at low membrane potentials and is not overdrive-suppressed). The results obtained with verapamil are consistent with drug-induced catecholamine release. PMID- 7044090 TI - Total occlusion of the left main coronary artery: the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) experience. PMID- 7044091 TI - Biological availability of zinc in humans. PMID- 7044092 TI - Selenium bioavailability with reference to human nutrition. AB - Various aspects of selenium metabolism and nutrition in relation to the question of selenium bioavailability in foods and the diet of man are reviewed. Few published studies exist on selenium metabolism in human subjects, particularly those representative of healthy individuals in the United States. Animal studies reveal that various factors, including the source and chemical form of selenium in foods and feeds, influence selenium bioavailability. However, the quantitative significance of animal assay data for human nutrition is not known. The limited number of published studies in man suggest that the metabolic fate and physiological function of dietary selenite may differ from that of selenomethionine or of food selenium. However, much additional research will be required to establish an adequate picture of the significance of dietary selenium bioavailability in human nutrition and health. Based on initial human experiments carried out at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, use of stable isotopes of selenium offers promising opportunities for closing the gap of knowledge that now exists concerning the role and significance of factors that determine how the selenium present in foods is used to meet the physiological requirements of the consumer. PMID- 7044093 TI - Moderate diet control in children: the effects on metabolic indicators that predict obesity-related degenerative diseases. AB - Nine prepubertal obese boys ages 9 1/2 to 12 yr followed moderately restricted diets and moderate exercise routine for 31 wk. Foods were selected from the family's basic diet and the physical activities were tailored to the home environment. This dietary (approximate decrease of 600 kcal/day) and activity (approximate increase of 300 kcal/day) intervention program was sufficient to stop weight gain and normalize key metabolic indices for prediction of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes. Throughout the treatment period serum lipid responses included significantly lower (p less than 0.05) total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was constant throughout the period. Responses in carbohydrate metabolism included significantly lower (p less than 0.05) fasting insulin and glucose. Insulin and glucose levels were positively correlated with total caloric consumption and insulin was also positively correlated with sucrose consumption (p less than 0.05). Fasting insulin/glucose ratios and glycosylated Hb decreased throughout the treatment period, but serum glucagon levels remained constant. In response to a glucose load, insulin and glucose decreased significantly by wk 31 of treatment. A practical approach for normalizing metabolism in obese male children is presented. PMID- 7044094 TI - Assessment of the nutritional status of the elderly. PMID- 7044095 TI - New approaches to methods for the assessment of nutritional status of the individual. PMID- 7044096 TI - Serum ferritin: a possible model for the assessment of nutrient stores. PMID- 7044097 TI - Effects of nutritional status on autonomic nervous system function. PMID- 7044099 TI - Randomized evaluation of combination chemotherapy vs. observation alone following response or stabilization after oophorectomy for metastatic breast cancer in premenopausal women. AB - Premenopausal patients with progressive measurable metastatic breast cancer who demonstrated either stable or responsive disease 12 weeks following oophorectomy were randomized either to receive cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5 fluorouracil (CMF) combination chemo-therapy (20 patients) or to continue under observation alone (14 patients). Since the study began in 1974, data on receptor status were not required for entry into the study. Stratification for randomization was based on the nature of the oophorectomy response (stable vs. response), dominant metastatic site (visceral vs. osseous vs. soft tissue), and disease-free interval (greater than 2 years vs. lesser than 2 years). Three (21%) of the 14 patients under observation alone continued to improve whereas 6 of 18 (33%) of the patients given CMF improved further, an insignificant difference. The median time to failure from oophorectomy was 17.5 months for the CMF group and 6.1 months for the observation group (p = 0.01). Using a multivariate proportional hazards model, visceral disease (p = 0.05) and breast involvement (p = 0.001) were also associated with significantly shorter times to failure. After the randomization, the fraction of observation patients progressing within 8 weeks was significantly greater than that of the CMF patients (5/14 vs. 0/21, p = 0.01). With 9 of the 14 observation patients and 11 of the 20 CMF patients dead, the estimated median survivals are similar at 40.4 and 41.3 months, respectively. We conclude that the addition of CMF chemotherapy to patients with stable-disease or objective response following oophorectomy significantly increases the median duration to treatment failure, whereas there appears to be no survival advantage for such therapy. PMID- 7044098 TI - Cisplatin in the treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma: A prospective randomized trial of two dosage schedules. AB - Thirty-seven patients with metastatic breast carcinoma were treated in randomized study with cisplatin 60 mg/m2 or 120 mg/m2 I.V. q3 weeks. Most patients were heavily pretreated, having received an average of four prior cytotoxic agents. Partial responses were seen in 4/19 patients initially receiving cisplatin 120 mg/m2 and 0/18 receiving 60mg/m2. One of the five patients responded when crossed over from cisplatin 60mg/m2 to cisplatin 120 mg/m2. Average duration of response was 3 months and responses were seen in soft tissue and lung metastases. Toxicity in the form of nausea, vomiting, and inanition significantly limited the use of cisplatin in this patient population. We conclude that cisplatin is active in breast carcinoma and that a cisplatin at 120 mg/m2 may be more effective than at 60 mg/m2. However the study stopped short of statistical significance due to the toxicities of nausea, vomiting, and inanition. PMID- 7044100 TI - ASCP/CAP Distinguished Service Award address. For excellence there is no time to waste. PMID- 7044101 TI - Comparison between the methods of indirect immunofluorescence and specific red cell adherence in detecting ABH iso-antigens in bladder carcinoma. AB - We compared the method of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) with that of specific red blood cell adherence (SRCA) for detecting ABH blood group substance (BGS) on stage O papillary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. In evaluating BGS "positivity" or "negativity" both methods gave identical results. The IIF is somewhat easier to perform and less subjective in interpretation while the SRCA method needs only a conventional light microscope and the slides themselves are permanent "records". In cases of questionable reactivity with the SRCA, the IIF was a helpful adjunct. The IIF method is a viable option to the SRCA method when studying TCC for BGS. PMID- 7044102 TI - Comparison of slide agglutination test (Phadebact) with counterimmunoelectrophoresis for detection of streptococcal group antigens. AB - Sera from mice infected with group B streptococci and culture supernatants of group B, A, and C streptococci were examined for the presence of group-specific antigens by the Phadebact slide agglutination (PSA) test and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). The results were correlated with the number of organisms present in the blood or in vitro cultures. The PSA test was slightly more sensitive than CIE. PMID- 7044103 TI - Ovarian strumal carcinoid. An immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study of two cases. AB - Examination by immunoperoxidase methods showed that two strumal carcinoids contained thyroxine in the follicular epithelium and colloid. Ultrastructure showed features of thyroid epithelia. Granule-containing cells replaced some follicular epithelial cells at the colloid interface. The morphology of the granules of these cells resembled those of C-cells and foregut-hindgut carcinoids. Transition between thyroid and carcinoid occurred by proliferation of interfollicular cells which subtly formed trabecular structures. Immunoperoxidase for calcitonin was positive both in the interfollicular cells of one tumor and in cells near the transition from thyroid to carcinoid pattern of the other. We conclude that thyroid tissue is a proven component of strumal carcinoid but that follicular epithelial cells may be replaced by granule-containing parafollicular cells. We suggest that the transition from thyroid to carcinoid is accomplished through an intermediate stage of calcitonin-positive cell proliferation. We emphasize, however, that these neoplasms are types of teratomas which may show several forms of differentiation. The tumor of one patient had mid-gut carcinoid elements and represents the first described strumal carcinoid with the carcinoid syndrome. PMID- 7044104 TI - Cross reactive immunologic staining: was it really prostatic carcinoma? PMID- 7044105 TI - Detecting streptococcal infection in neonates. PMID- 7044106 TI - Prevalence of Chlamydial antibodies in children. AB - Humoral antibody to Chlamydia trachomatis was determined in 820 infants and children. Of 120 newborns, 63 (52.5%) had indirect immunofluorescence titers of 1:8 or more to C trachomatis (L-2 strain) in the cord blood. Among the 700 infants and children, a progressive increase in seropositivity was observed: 5% for 1- to 2-years-olds, 25% for 3- to 6-year-olds, and 43% for 7- to 15-year olds. Seropositivity rates were not related to sex or race; however, significantly higher titers were observed in female compared with male subjects and in blacks compared with whites. These data suggest that C trachomatis infection occurs commonly in children. The nature of the illness, if any, preceding seroconversion is unknown and needs to be elucidated. PMID- 7044107 TI - Freud on diplegia. Commentary and translation. AB - Sigmund Freud's contribution to the study of cerebral palsy was threefold: (1) he developed the classification that, essentially unchanged, is in use today; (2) he documented a poor correlation between clinical syndromes and neuropathologic lesions; and (3) he contributed extensively to the description of the various movement disorder syndromes of childhood. The clinical expertise implicit in this last aspect of Freud's pediatric neurologic work has been previously unremarked. To my commentary is appended a translation of his article describing the complexity of spastic diplegia (Little's disease). PMID- 7044109 TI - Neuropsychological effects of industrial toxins: a review. AB - Quantitative assessment of nervous system function is essential in characterizing the nature and extent of impairment in individuals experiencing symptoms following workplace exposure. In recent years, the application of standardized neuropsychological tests to the evaluation of exposure to toxic industrial substances has significantly increased the understanding of the effects of these compounds. Within this review, the specific toxic neuropsychological effects of lead, carbon disulfide, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, mercury, styrene, and pesticides are discussed in detail. These discussions draw on our clinical experience with patients exposed to these substances as well as material from the medical literature. Factors affecting the utilization of these tests in occupational settings are also considered. PMID- 7044108 TI - Psychogenic vomiting: a review. AB - Psychogenic vomiting appears to be an exacerbation of a longstanding pattern of episodic stress-related vomiting. A small fraction of these patients has serious psychiatric problems and are in need of specialized treatment. Generally, psychogenic vomiters are very resentful of the suggestion that they should seek psychiatric help and more often than not refuse to be referred. Indeed, the majority of these patients is not seriously psychiatrically disturbed. They respond very well to an opportunity to ventilate their stresses to the treating physician and to supportive contacts to help them over their crisis. PMID- 7044110 TI - Occupational exposure to benzene: a review of carcinogenic and related health effects following the U.S. Supreme Court decision. PMID- 7044111 TI - A review of the health effects of cadmium. AB - A review of the health effects of cadmium is presented. Overexposure to cadmium produces numerous acute and chronic effects. Cases of acute poisoning resemble metal-fume poisoning. The first and most distinctive indication of chronic effects is renal tubular dysfunction characterized by proteinuria. Other chronic effects include liver damage, emphysema, osteomalacia, neurological impairment, testicular, pancreatic, and adrenal damage, and anemia. Tumorigenic effects have been observed in animals, and excessive prostatic and lung cancer has been observed in worker studies. In vitro and in vivo mutagenic effects have been noted. Cadmium has been shown to cause hypertension in animals; however, it is unclear whether it is capable of causing similar effects in exposed human populations. Normal urinary excretion is less than 2 micrograms/day and correlates with exposure. Normal blood concentration is below 10 ng/gm of whole blood, and although levels are elevated in exposed groups, there is no apparent direct correlation. Hair values correlate well with exposure. Occupational and environmental standards are discussed. PMID- 7044112 TI - Chronic cadmium exposures associated with kidney function effects. AB - A follow-up study was conducted on 27 workers with a median of 25 years exposure to airborne cadmium. Two exposure groups had been selected a low exposure group of office, laboratory and supervisory personnel (n = 11, average urinary cadmium 13.1 micrograms/l); and a high exposure group of production workers with long histories of work in areas with substantial airborne cadmium (n = 16, average urinary cadmium 45.7 micrograms/l). An estimate of each subject's time-weighted average inhalation exposure to cadmium was calculated from personal sampling data (1973-1976) and area sampling data (1943-1976). Based on the findings of another study, the average inhalation exposures in each of the work areas were adjusted for use of personal protective masks (respirators). Comparison of kidney function status between the high and low exposure groups showed a significant reduction in creatinine clearance, and increased uric acid and beta microglobulin excretion by the high group. Significant renal effects were associated with estimated average inhalation exposures of 63 micrograms/m3 over a 25 year period. The relationship between urinary cadmium excretion and cumulative exposure changed for higher exposures; this was consistent with the "critical concentration" model of cadmium's effects on the kidney. PMID- 7044113 TI - In vivo measurement of critical level of kidney cadmium: dose effect studies in cadmium smelter workers. AB - In vivo measurements of kidney and liver cadmium burdens were obtained in 82 industrially exposed workers and ten control subjects. Kidney cadmium levels ranged from 0.9 mg to 57 mg, and liver concentrations ranged from 0.8 ppm to 120 ppm for the industrial group. Comparison values for the control group were 0.4 mg to 11.8 mg for the kidney and 0.6 ppm to 7.9 ppm for the liver. A biphasic relationship between kidney Cd levels and liver Cd levels was observed. The kidney and liver Cd levels showed an increase until approximately a 40 ppm concentration was reached in the liver. Thereafter, the kidney levels decreased as the liver concentration continued to increase. The kidney cadmium level at which this change occurred was approximately 31 mg for the total kidney. Further estimates of the critical level, based on years of exposure and renal dysfunction (beta 2-microglobulin, proteinuria), yielded estimates of 31 mg to 42 mg cadmium (300-400 micrograms/gm for the renal cortex). PMID- 7044114 TI - SO2-particulate interactions: recent observations. AB - The toxicity of sulfur oxides is discussed briefly. The effects of sulfur dioxide (SO2) are largely confined to the upper airways except during exercise or if the gas is taken up by a carrier aerosol. SO2 may be adsorbed as a monomolecular layer on dry particles, such as elemental carbon, or dissolved in aqueous droplets. Hydrated SO2 forms bisulfite and sulfite ions, which are rapidly oxidized (detoxified) by sulfite oxidase, an enzyme, to form sulfate. SO2 in carrier aerosols (dry or aqueous solutions) may be oxidized to sulfuric acid. The mixture of SO2 (1 ppm) and a droplet of sodium chloride (1 mg/m3) has been shown to be synergistic in guinea pigs. In healthy adults, the same gas-aerosol mixture caused no functional lung changes at rest (two separate studies), but did cause significant changes following moderate exercise. Shortness of breath and wheezing were experiences by about half of the subjects. PMID- 7044115 TI - S(IV) chemistry in smelter produced particulate matter. AB - Epidemiological and animals toxicological studies have indicated that reactions between SO2(g) and metal containing aerosols result in the formation of respiratory irritants. It had initially been suggested by EPA that sulfate per se was responsible for the observed health effects. That now appears unlikely. These studies point out the importance of understanding in detail the chemical species formed by such interactions. In the present paper procedures which have been used to study the formation of aerosol inorganic S(IV) species are described, together with the results obtained from studies in the flue line, workroom, and plume of smelters. Both atmospheric and laboratory studies indicate that very stable complexes of S(IV) with Fe(III) or Cu(?) can form in aerosols. The data suggest that the concentration of these (S(IV) complexes in primary particulate emissions from smelters will be about 10% of the sulfate concentration. In plumes the concentration of inorganic S(IV) varied from 10 to 80% of the sulfate concentration. The most important variable controlling the formation of these S(IV) complexes in a plume aerosol droplet is the aerosol acidity. The formation of aerosol inorganic S(IV) complexes in the plume is not related to the formation of sulfate. There have been no studies previously reported that would allow an unequivocal evaluation of the toxicological implications of the chemistry reviewed in this paper. If these various S(IV) species are responsible at the low concentrations reported here for the "synergistic" effects previously reported between SO2(g) and aerosols, then additional toxicological work would appear warranted. PMID- 7044116 TI - Reimbursement for nondistributive pharmaceutical services in hospitals. AB - The literature on reimbursement, especially by third-party payers, for clinical pharmacy services is reviewed. Allocation of total departmental expenses on a per dose basis, subsidization of clinical pharmacy services through general pharmacy revenues, and inclusion of service charges with drug-product charges have been used successfully to support clinical services. Identification and documentation of benefits resulting from clinical pharmacy services is a vital element in the justification process; a new service has little chance for approval unless it documents cost savings. Published reports of clinical pharmacy services that obtained third-party reimbursement include programs in a cardiac-rehabilitation unit, patient education and monitoring, pharmacokinetics, and laboratory-results interpretation. Published guidelines for obtaining reimbursement for clinical pharmacy services are reviewed. An eight-point guide for obtaining reimbursement is recommended. It embodies: a commitment by the director of pharmacy, via departmental goals and objectives, to clinical services; presentation and acceptance by various key elements in a hospital's structure; accurate analysis of costs and benefits associated with the services; requests for reimbursement from third-party payers; continued analysis of the services' effects; and communication of experience with the services to the general public and the pharmacy profession. It is concluded that reimbursement by third-party payers is a step in the right direction and that clinical service charges should be separated from product charges. Further program development and research are needed. PMID- 7044117 TI - Assay specificity for biologically active gentamicin in serum. PMID- 7044118 TI - Effect of antibiotics on the immune response. PMID- 7044119 TI - Sodium sensitivity and resistance in normotensive humans. AB - To identify characteristics that may contribute to sodium susceptibility, we conducted, studies in normal subjects who are at risk for hypertension, namely, blacks, subjects older than 40 years of age and first-degree relatives of patients with essential hypertension. All three groups exhibited a decreased natriuretic capacity when compared with control subjects. Blacks and older subjects had consistently low renin values, while the plasma renin activity values of the relatives were greater than those in control subjects. Studies in twins showed that natriuretic capacity and several factors influencing sodium excretion are heritable. When blacks were subjected to extremely high sodium intake, a greater increase in blood pressure developed than in whites. These observations are consistent with an intrinsic renal abnormality in blacks and older subjects resulting in modest volume expansion. In the normotensive relatives of hypertensive patients, the renin system may be responsible for the decreased sodium excretory capacity. These alterations are possibly inherited. PMID- 7044120 TI - Sympathetic responsiveness and plasma norepinephrine during therapy of chronic congestive heart failure with captopril. AB - The interaction of cardiac function and sympathetic tone in severe chronic heart failure was evaluated in 24 patients by assessing the cardiac index/plasma norepinephrine relationship. Potential changes were assessed during first-dose and long-term captopril therapy including sympathetic responsiveness to the gravitational stress of head-up tilt. Because cardiac index and norepinephrine levels demonstrated a significant inverse correlation (r = -0.640, p less than 0.001). Norepinephrine decreased from 803 +/- 116 to 635 +/- 76 pg/ml following first-dose captopril therapy (p less than 0.02), with overall hemodynamic improvement. However significant first-dose correlations were not observed. During long-term therapy, norepinephrine decreased from 694 +/- 118 to 457 +/- 106 pg/ml, associated with improvement of symptoms and exercise tolerance. The extent of cardiac index increase was matched by norepinephrine reduction, so that their correlation was maintained (r = -0.540, p less than 0.02). First-dose and long-term therapy were associated with improved responsiveness of sympathetic tone to the reduction of cardiac index induced by the gravitational stress of tilt. In summary, sympathetic tone was increased in severe heart failure, correlating inversely with cardiac function. Although there was improvement of cardiac function with first-dose captopril therapy, significant correlations of supine improvement with reduction of sympathetic tone were noted primarily with long-term therapy. Responsiveness of sympathetic tone to the stress of tilt however, was evident during first-dose and long-term therapy. PMID- 7044121 TI - Treatment of primary breast cancer without mastectomy. Review of the literature. AB - During the 54-year period between 1927 and 1981, at least 4,290 patients with breast cancer treated with lumpectomy and/or radiotherapy as the primary therapeutic modality have been described. In all but two of the 24 reported studies, survival rates, even to 30 years, were similar to those of patients treated with variations of radical mastectomy, and the cosmetic result following treatment that preserved the affected breast was judged good to excellent by 81 to 85 percent of the patients so treated. The two exceptions were both in series of patients treated with doses of radiation known to be inadequate by current standards. We all have the responsibility of offering our patients the most effective treatment available with the fewest possible short-term and long-term side effects. This goal requires a constant, careful reevaluation of our treatments and results, as well as an open mind. According to available data, the combination of lumpectomy, axillary node dissection, external beam radiotherapy and iridium implant constitutes an acceptable alternative to mastectomy as treatment for primary cancer of the breast. PMID- 7044122 TI - Detection of antibody-coated bacteria in urine sediments: a review. PMID- 7044123 TI - Primary isolation of Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni. AB - Primary isolation of Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni following selective filtration can be achieved equally well on a Columbia agar supplemented with sheep blood (5%), horse blood (5-10%), or heat-treated horse blood (chocolate agar). Larger, but not more, colonies were formed at 42C. However, the higher temperature inhibits C. fetus ss. Intestinalis. Reduced oxygen tension (5%) was advantageous for cultures on media supplemented with sheep blood. All other media tested did equally well as long as the atmosphere was enriched with 5-10% CO2. PMID- 7044124 TI - Natriuretic responses in labile hypertension. AB - To characterize humoral and renal excretory responses following provocative maneuvers in subjects with labile hypertension, we measured plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (PA), plasma norepinephrine (PNe), urinary norepinephrine (UNe), urinary sodium excretion (UNaV), urinary potassium excretion (UKV), and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) following both volume expansion with a 150 mEq Na diet and intravenous administration of 2L normal saline over four hours, and volume contraction with a 10 mEq Na diet and 120 mg oral furosemide. Results from 37 labile hypertensives were compared to those from the same number of age-, race-, and sex-matched normal subjects or patients with fixed essential hypertension. PRA, PA, PNe, UNe, and UKV responses were no different in the three groups. UNaV and FENa during the saline load was greater in labile hypertensives than in the other groups. While FENa was inversely related to PRA in both normals and fixed hypertensives, no such relationship was found in subjects with labile hypertension. In labile hypertensives, FENa was correlated with PNe concentrations. Furthermore, in these subjects sodium excretion and norepinephrine excretion were associated as well. We suggest that labile hypertensives exhibit exaggerated natriuresis which may be mediated by neurogenic mechanisms. PMID- 7044125 TI - Bacteremia following dental extractions in patients with and without penicillin prophylaxis. AB - This study describes the type, rate and magnitude of bacteremia in 128 patients undergoing dental extractions with and without penicillin prophylaxis. The most prolonged and highest rates of bacteremia occurred in patients undergoing extractions and alveoplasty while under general anesthesia following nasotracheal intubation. The most common aerobes in patients receiving no penicillin were streptococci. Bacteroides sp. were detected most often in patients receiving penicillin prophylaxis. The overall bacteremia, streptococcal and polymicrobial bacteremia rates were lowest for the patients receiving penicillin. Only two of 66 patients given penicillin prophylaxis had recoverable streptococci in blood cultures. Our study indicates that both intravenous and oral penicillin G prophylaxis for dental extractions decreased bacteremia rates significantly, including the recovery of streptococci. PMID- 7044126 TI - Puerperal and perinatal infections with group B streptococci. AB - Twenty-one patients were seen with puerperal sepsis owing to group B streptococci (GBS), resulting in an attack rate of 2/1,000 deliveries. Most were young primiparous black women from a population with a known high incidence of GBS carriage. The association among abdominal delivery, endometritis, and puerperal sepsis was striking. Cultures of the birth canal or lochia were commonly positive for the same serotype recovered from the blood. Forty-seven patients with nonbacteremic GBS infections were seen; 27 had endometritis or amnionitis. Twenty patients had GBS urinary tract infection: Eight infections occurred prenatally, seven at delivery, and five post partum. Seven neonates developed serious GBS infections; intrauterine exposure occurred in at least four cases. Fetal exposure to GBS also occurred in three of four cases in which parturients with GBS bacteremia were delivered of their infants by cesarean section. Because of the high incidence of puerperal and perinatal GBS infections in this population, antibiotic prophylaxis regimens may be beneficial. PMID- 7044127 TI - Antepartum versus intrapartum selective screening for maternal group B streptococcal colonization. AB - Selective antepartum culturing was performed in pregnant women at high risk for low-birth-weight delivery and neonatal infection, in order to identify the presence of the group B streptococcus (GBS). Intrapartum culturing was performed in an additional group of gravid women when they presented either in premature labor or with prematurely ruptured membranes. Antepartum screening for GBS offered no additional advantage over intrapartum culturing in predicting pregnancies that resulted in neonatal infection. Therefore, an intrapartum approach is recommended. PMID- 7044128 TI - Tissue bank bone for blowout fractures. PMID- 7044129 TI - A protease-like permeability factor in guinea pig skin: immunologic identity with plasma Hageman factor. AB - Vascular permeability enhancement activity of the protease-like permeability factor derived from guinea pig skin and of active guinea pig Hageman factor (beta HFa) were both inhibited by anti-guinea pig Hageman factor rabbit F(ab')2 antibody. The permeability activity of both factors was also absorbed on anti Hageman factor F(ab')2-Sepharose beads. The latent form of the permeability factor derived from skin extracts produced a single immunoprecipitation line with anti-Hageman factor and gave a reaction of identity with a precipitation band developing between purified Hageman factor and anti-Hageman factor. The latent permeability factor in the fraction corrected the clotting activity of Hageman factor-deficient human plasma. The clotting activity was also blocked by anti Hageman factor F(ab')2 antibody. From these results, it was concluded that the skin permeability factor was immunologically and functionally indistinguishable from Hageman factor of plasma. Extracts were obtained from skin of guinea pigs given intravenous injections of 125I-guinea pig Hageman factor immediately before sacrifice to calculate the amount of Hageman factor in the extravascular tissue space of the skin. The pseudoglobulin fractions of the extracts containing a concentration of Hageman factor of approximately 9 microgram of Hageman factor per gram of skin. This was determined both by immunologic means and procoagulant activity. Only 4% of the Hageman factor in the extract was obtained from the intravascular plasma volume of the skin. PMID- 7044130 TI - Cell surface phenotypes of radiolabeled immune long-lived lymphocytes that selectively localize in syngeneic tumours. AB - Using a cell separation technique to isolate mononuclear leukocytes from solid tumors in conjunction with combined radioautography and two-color immunofluorescence, we have characterized the surface markers of 3H-labeled, immune, long-lived, small lymphocytes (LLSLs) that selectively localize into chemically induced sarcomas. When small tumor pieces were implanted into immune mice whose LLSLs had been radiolabeled, the LLSLs that selectively localized into those tumors to which the hosts had been immunized were predominantly Thy-1+, Lyt 1+2-. Localization into the appropriate tumor was also detected upon adoptive transfer of immune LLSLs to tumor-bearing mice, especially when these mice had, before transfer, received 400 rads of whole-body irradiation. These 3H-labeled LLSLs were also found to be predominantly Thy-1+, Lyt-1+2-. PMID- 7044131 TI - Diet-induced hypercholesterolemia inhibits the recovery of prostacyclin production by injured rabbit aorta. AB - The effect of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia on the recovery of prostacyclin (PGI2) synthetic capacity was assessed at the luminal surface of previously injured rabbit aorta. Prostacyclin synthesis and release were measured by radioimmunoassay following arachidonic acid stimulation of deendothelialized and reendothelialized aortas of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Assay of PGI2 production by aorta was performed at 15, 35, and 70 days following removal of endothelium with a balloon catheter. Prostacyclin production by both deendothelialized and reendothelialized areas of aorta from normocholesterolemic rabbits was initially low following injury and increased with time, reaching levels at 70 days equal to uninjured aortas. Prostacyclin production by both deendothelialized and reendothelialized areas of aorta from rabbits with moderately elevated serum cholesterol concentrations (203 to 350 mg/dl) was also initially low, but in contrast to normocholesterolemic rabbits, it did not increase with time. Results indicate that hypercholesterolemia like that seen in humans inhibits the recovery of PGI2 production in deendothelialized and reendothelialized areas of previously injured rabbit aorta. PMID- 7044132 TI - Effects on the efferent ducts in Macaca mulatta. AB - Immunopathologic findings in efferent ducts of 36 rhesus macaques vasectomized as many as 12 years earlier and of 11 age-matched control animals were compared. Electron-microscopic observation of these ducts revealed changes after vasectomy. The epithelium shortened from a prevasectomy height of 25 mu to 14 mu as the ducts stretched after vasectomy. The number of sperm and macrophages in the lumen increased. The basement membrane was 300-700 A wide in nonvasectomized animals but several times that in animals vasectomized 6 or more years before; the mean width significantly increased with time after vasectomy. Numerous electron-dense immune complexes were found within the thickened lamina in 33% of vasectomized animals and in none of the controls. The mean size of the electron-dense areas varied from 0.01 sq mu in a monkey vasectomized 3 years earlier to 0.18 sq mu in an animal vasectomized 7 years earlier; the mean area significantly increased with time after vasectomy. Frozen sections of testis and epididymis were evaluated through the use of fluorescein-conjugated antibodies. Of the nonvasectomized controls, 18% showed immune deposits. Of the vasectomized animals, 53% revealed C3 deposition in the basement membrane surrounding the efferent ducts. The presence of electron-dense deposits plus the finding of putative immune complexes as revealed by immunofluorescence suggested that vasectomy enhances leakage of sperm antigens, particularly in the region of the efferent duct. PMID- 7044133 TI - Immunoglobulin localization in the normal human mammary gland: variation with the menstrual cycle. AB - Differences in immunoglobulin localization (IgG, IgM, IgA) in benign versus malignant lesions of the human mammary gland have been previously demonstrated. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the influence of menstrual cycling on these immunoglobulins in the breast. Tissues were studied from 53 normal breasts. The patients were 16 to 51 years old, with a mean age of 35 +/- 9 years, and were documented as having regular menstrual cycling, lack of debilitating disease, and abstinence from use of hormones or from medications that might influence the pituitary-ovarian axis. Immunoglobulin localization in the tissue section was determined by direct immunofluorescence with antibodies specific for IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgA secretory component. The breast tissues were categorized into 5 histologically distinct menstrual cycle phases. No significant IgG localization was noted. IgA concentration was noted principally in the preovulatory phase of the cycle (P less than 0.03). IgM showed a similar variance, and IgA secretory component paralleled IgA localization. No correlation between IgA and IgM localization and plasma cells infiltration nor between plasma cell infiltration and menstrual cycle phase could be documented. These data suggest that menstrual cycling influences the human breast as part of the secretory immune system. PMID- 7044134 TI - Morphometric characterization of diffuse large-cell (histiocytic) lymphomas. AB - From 28 large-cell lymphomas, defined by marker studies, enzyme histochemistry, and electron microscopy as large noncleaved follicle center cell tumors (lnc FCC), B-immunoblastic or true histiocytic lymphomas, morphometric cell parameters, including nuclear size and shape, cytoplasmic area, and cytoplasm-to nucleus ratio, were measured. Moreover, size, number, and location of nucleoli in the nuclei of the characteristic cells of lnc FCC and B-immunoblastic lymphoma were determined. Statistical evaluation of the data showed the nuclear shape to be the most sensitive parameter in the differentiation of true histiocytic lymphoma from lnc FCC and B-immunoblastic lymphomas. With nucleolar parameters lnc FCC could be differentiated from B-immunoblastic lymphoma: lnc FCC had a higher mean number of nucleoli per cross-section of nucleus and more eccentrically located nucleoli. Moreover, the measurements show that the differences in number and location of nucleoli between large noncleaved follicle center cells and B-immunoblasts are smaller than generally described in the literature. Our results show that it is possible to differentiate by morphometry between lnc FCC, B-immunoblastic, and true histiocytic lymphomas. PMID- 7044135 TI - Otolaryngologic plain film radiography, with an emphasis on the temporal bone- how to do it. Part one. AB - Radiologists' mastoid and sinus film reports have often not helped the otolaryngologist clinically. The trend in radiography of the temporal bone has swung almost entirely to tomograms, further de-emphasizing the importance of plain films. A review of the literature reveals that the details for taking films of high quality were worked out prior to 1930, but the equipment available was cumbersome and difficult to use. Applying the available knowledge to today's sophisticated equipment yields films of outstanding quality and gives clinical information of considerable usefulness. The objectives of this article are: 1. to review the literature on plain film otolaryngologic radiography and equipment used. 2. to present previously unpublished material on the exact technique for obtaining films of high quality. 3. to assemble for the first time all the available information on the subject in one source. 4. to present the author's modification of the Waters view for small children, and 5. to stress the clinical usefulness of office radiography in the author's practice. PMID- 7044136 TI - Effects of sodium on beta-cell electrical activity. AB - The present studies, designed to evaluate the contribution of Na+ to the mouse pancreatic beta-cell membrane potential, were performed utilizing intracellular microelectrodes. Complete removal of external sodium, in the presence of glucose, did not significantly affect spike peak potential. However, it caused a negative shift of the resting membrane potential, both in the presence and absence of glucose. After this initial hyperpolarization, the membrane gradually depolarized, the rate of depolarization being slower in the absence of glucose. This two-phase hyperpolarization-depolarization pattern remained when ouabain was added, both in the presence and absence of glucose. An increase of input resistance was associated with the slow depolarization. During this depolarization the maximum rate of rise (dV/dtmax) of the action potential ("spike") decreased. There was no direct relationship between dV/dtmax and [Na]0. Readdition of low [Na]0 (14 mM) to a glucose medium reactivated the postburst hyperpolarization (PBH), even in the presence of ouabain. These observations indicate that there is a significant resting sodium permeability (PNa). However, the action potential (spike) is not generated by activation of a voltage dependent (gated) sodium channel. The membrane depolarization after Na+ removal reflects concomitant inhibition of the Na+-K+ pump and decrease of potassium permeability (PK). The blockage of PBH in the absence of Na+ is not related to the inhibition of an oscillatory Na+-K+ pump but to the inactivation of a PK. Aside from its effect on the Na+-K+ pump, ouabain may stimulate PNa. PMID- 7044137 TI - Transepithelial potential during strontium-induced spontaneous sweating. AB - Transepithelial electrical potential difference (PD) of the secretory portion of the rhesus monkey palm eccrine sweat gland was studied in both Ca2+-containing (control and Ca2+-free Sr2+ media. In the control medium, the luminal PD was a saturation function of the methacholine (MCH) concentration, reaching a plateau at about -6 mV (lumen negative) at 10(-5) M MCH. In the Sr2+ medium, the luminal PD increased spontaneously with a time course similar to that the spontaneous sweat secretion (SSS). Like SSS, the spontaneous luminal PD in the Sr2+ medium is a saturation function of the Sr2+ concentration in the bath, reaching a plateau at -9 mV at 8 mM Sr2+. Addition of MCH to the Sr2+ medium caused a rapid increase in the lumen-negative PD as seen in the control medium. The spontaneous lumen negative PD was abolished by subsequent addition of Ca2+ to the bath, as was the SSS [K. Sato, Am. J. Physiol. 239 (Cell Physiol. 8): C90-C97, 1980]. The data further reinforce the notion that Sr2+-induced SSS represents true secretory processes which are triggered by Sr2+ leaking into the cell bypassing the receptor-agonist interaction. PMID- 7044138 TI - Evidence for renin in rat brain: differentiation from other reninlike enzymes. AB - We observed that unfractionated rat brain extract incubated with substrate at pH 6.0 yielded 12 times the quantity of angiotensin I as incubations at pH 7.4, but the enzyme activity measured at pH 6 was not primarily due to renin. To examine the existence of renin in brain, we used three methods of affinity chromatography (pepstatin-, renin-specific antibody-, and alpha-casein-Sepharose) to fractionate the angiotensin I-generating enzymes in the brain. 1) Brain extract applied to renin-specific column eluted a peak of angiotensin-releasing activity (ARA) that had a pH optimum of 6.0. This ARA was inhibited by antirenin antibody. Another peak of ARA with a pH optimum of 4 appeared in the nonbound fraction. This peak was not affected by antirenin antibody and had acid protease activity. 2) Pepstatin affinity column elution with lithium bromide yielded an early ARA peak (pH optimum 6.5), inhibited by antirenin antibody and a later peak (pH optimum 4.0) not inhibited by antirenin antibody. The latter contained acid protease activity. 3) alpha-Casein-Sepharose column also separated neutral proteases and immunoreactive renin from acid protease capable of generating angiotensin. In summary, rat brain contains a host of angiotensin I-generating enzymes that can be detected and separated as neutral and acid proteases and immunoreactive renin depending on the pH of the assay and conditions of purification. These findings indicate the presence of an enzyme with immunoidentity to renin in rat brain but do not imply local biosynthesis. PMID- 7044139 TI - Measurement of blood flow in pancreatic islets of the rat: effect of isoproterenol and norepinephrine. AB - Blood flow to the pancreatic islets of the anesthetized rat has been measured by application of microspheres, intravital staining of the endocrine tissue by Dithizon, and induction of organ transparency by incubation in glycerol. Thus the microspheres could be counted separately in the islet tissue and in the remaining organ. The total pancreatic blood flow in the rat amounted to 0.48 +/- 0.04 ml.min-1.g-1 and the flow fraction of the islet tissue to 1.22 +/- 0.09%, corresponding to a flow rate through the pancreatic islets of 5.42 +/- 0.63 microliters/min. When isoproterenol was applied (0.1 and 1.0 micrograms.kg-1.min 1 iv for 15 min), total pancreatic blood flow rose to 0.60 +/- 0.08 and 0.98 +/- 0.10 (P less than 0.01) ml.min-1.g-1, whereas the flow fraction to the islets decreased to 0.82 +/- 0.08 (P less than 0.01) and 0.61 +/- 0.07% (P less than 0.01). The absolute islet perfusion remained nearly unchanged. Norepinephrine (2.0 and 5.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for 15 min) similarly increased total blood flow to 0.78 +/- 0.08 (P less than 0.01) and 0.64 +/- 0.08 ml.min-1.g-1) while reducing the islet flow fraction to 1.15 +/- 0.13 and 0.83 +/- 0.05% (P less than 0.01). The absolute flow rate through the islet tissue did not change significantly. The conclusion may be drawn from these experiments that changes in total pancreatic blood flow are not necessarily accompanied by corresponding changes in the perfusion rate of the endocrine islet tissue. PMID- 7044140 TI - Metabolic response of normal man and insulin-infused diabetics to postprandial exercise. AB - Physical exercise is often performed during absorption of meals. We have characterized the metabolic response to 45 min of moderate exercise (approximately 55% of estimated maximal oxygen uptake) beginning 30 min after breakfast in seven healthy controls. Nine insulin-dependent diabetes were studied in an identical manner, with glycemia controlled by a closed-loop "artificial endocrine pancreas" controlled by a closed-loop "artificial endocrine pancreas" (AEP). Responses were compared to those during breakfast without exercise. In the controls, onset of exercise rapidly reversed the rise in both glycemia and insulin (IRI) that occurred with breakfast alone, both returning to fasting levels (glycemia, 80 +/- 3 mg/dl; IRI, 0.38 +/- 0.10 ng/ml). After exercise, small and transient increments occurred (glycemia, 33 +/- 6 mg/dl; IRI, 0.81 +/- 0.15 ng/ml). In the diabetics, prior overnight intravenous insulin normalized fasting glycemia (98 +/- 4 mg/dl), and its postbreakfast excursion was identical to that of controls, as were those of most measured substrates. Similarly, with exercise, glycemia returned rapidly to fasting levels, accompanied by an appropriate decrease in insulin infusion rates. "Free" IRI levels mirrored changes in infusion rates by the AEP, with a decrease in insulin requirement of 30% during exercise as compared to breakfast alone (P less than 0.05). Thus, in both diabetics treated with the AEP and in normals, the responses to postprandial exercise required rapid modulation of insulin delivery. To demonstrate the effect of postprandial exercise on preprogrammed open-loop insulin replacement, four diabetic subjects were studied during breakfast with and without exercise while receiving a fixed open-loop insulin infusion pattern (6.1 +/- 0.7 U over 140 +/- 8 min). The glycemic response to breakfast alone was entirely normalized. However, symptomatic hypoglycemia occurred in all subjects when exercise was initiated 30 min after breakfast. The diabetic responses to closed-loop insulin infusion provide important data in defining the appropriate preprogrammed open loop insulin infusion pattern for postprandial exercise. PMID- 7044141 TI - Hormonal changes associated with hypertension in neoplasia-induced hypercalcemia. AB - Neoplasia-induced hypercalcemia in the Fischer rat results in hypertension 1 wk after Leydig cell tumor transplantation. Systolic blood pressure, plasma catecholamine, prolactin, plasma renin activity (PRA), and aldosterone responses to immobilization stress were evaluated in Fischer rats 10 days after tumor transplantation and in age-matched nontransplanted controls. Basal systolic blood pressure, norepinephrine, and PRA levels at 10 days after tumor transplantation were higher in association with elevated calcium levels in tumor-transplanted rats than in controls. Systolic pressure, norepinephrine, and epinephrine responses to immobilization stress were greater in the hypercalcemia 10-day transplanted rats. Although basal levels of prolactin and aldosterone were similar in the two groups. These observations suggest that elevated levels of the vasoactive hormones norepinephrine and angiotensin may play a pivotal role in development of hypertension in association with neoplasia-induced hypercalcemia. Further, neoplasia-induced hypercalcemia in the Fischer rat is associated with a relative hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism state. PMID- 7044142 TI - Responses to mixed meals in pancreatectomized dogs deprived of postprandial insulin. AB - Insulin plays a central role in metabolic control after a mixed meal. In the absence of adequate meal insulin release, abnormal circulating concentrations of most meal-derived metabolic substrates can be expected. To quantify these abnormalities in depth, responses of six pancreatectomized dogs on long-term intravenous insulin replacement were compared to those of five normal control dogs. Blood samples were drawn hourly for 24 h via a chronic indwelling catheter, and all animals ate a single mixed meal. To establish whether there were route related differences, insulin was delivered into either the portal or the peripheral circulation of the diabetic animals at constant rates. These insulin infusion rates resulted in premeal fasting normoglycemia and in normal levels of insulin, glucagon, lactate, pyruvate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, nonesterified fatty acids, and 9 of 13 amino acids. In the absence of enhanced meal insulin infusion, the subsequent responses of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, alanine, and 10 of 13 other blood amino acids were exaggerated in terms of both amplitude and duration. Only minor or transient differences were attributable to the routes of insulin infusion. Remarkably, in spite of these abnormal postmeal responses, basal insulin alone (with constant circulating levels) succeeded in restoring all metabolite and hormonal levels during the postabsorptive period 16-23 h after the meal. Thus, with intravenous insulin infusions, the requirements for fasting metabolic normalization may be considered independently of those for metabolic control following caloric intake. It remains to be shown how prolonged deprivation of the postprandial insulin supplement results in metabolic decompensation under these conditions. PMID- 7044143 TI - Interaction of arginine and gastric inhibitory polypeptide on insulin release in man. AB - The interrelations of the insulin secretagogues, glucose, arginine (Arg), and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) were quantified in six normal young men in five sets of experiments with the hyperglycemic clamp technique (125 mg/dl above basal glucose levels for 2 h). After 60 min of intravenous glucose alone, one of the following was added: A) oral glucose (OG) (40 g/m2); B) 15 g.m-2.h-1 Arg infusion; C) 15 g.m-2.h-2 Arg infusion and OG; D) 7.5 g.m-2.h-1 Arg; E) 7.5 g.m 2.h-1 Arg and OG. The clearance rate of Arg was similar for B, C, D, and E. In all experiments, plasma GIP levels were unchanged from the basal level during the 1st h. The increases in plasma GIP levels in experiments C and E were similar to the increase when OG alone was ingested (A). When the stimulatory effect of the secretagogue(s) alone on insulin (IRI) is computed, the increase due to OG (A) and to 7.5 g.m-2.h-1 Arg (D) were similar and additive (A + D approximately equal to E). However, the stimulatory effect of 15 g.m-2.h-1 Arg + OG (C) on IRI was not significantly greater than 15 g.m-2.h-1 alone (B). The 15 and 7.5 g.m-2.h-1 Arg infusion produced different patterns of insulin and glucagon secretions. At the lower dose, the response of both hormones to Arg decreased with time. Arg and GIP act through a similar and possibly common mechanism on the beta-cell. However, only Arg was found to be alpha-cytotropic. GIP does not appear to influence the metabolic clearance of Arg. The dose-response relationships to Arg of the beta- and alpha-cell appear similar. PMID- 7044144 TI - A proposed role for adenosine in the regulation of renal hemodynamics and renin release. AB - Adenosine is produced by renal tissue and has potent effects on renal blood flow and its distribution, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the secretion of renin. Intrarenal infusion of adenosine decreases GFR primarily by decreasing glomerular hydrostatic pressure through its effects in increasing afferent arteriolar resistance and possibly decreasing efferent arteriolar resistance. The fall in GFR due to adenosine is accompanied by little change or an increase in total organ blood flow. Regional renal blood flow during adenosine infusion is redistributed, with a greater percentage of total flow going to the juxtamedullary cortex. Intrarenal adenosine produces marked decreases in water and sodium excretion that are proportionally greater than its effect on GFR, suggesting a possible direct tubular action. Intrarenal adenosine also produces a rapid and pronounced inhibition of renin release that appears to be independent of its hemodynamic or tubular effects. A metabolic hypothesis for the control of glomerular filtration rate and renin release with adenosine acting as a mediator is considered, and criteria for establishing an intrarenal role for adenosine in the regulation of renal function are discussed. PMID- 7044145 TI - Effects of acute potassium infusions with salts other than chloride on plasma renin activity. AB - To evaluate the contribution of chloride to the suppression of plasma renin activity (PRA) by KCl, PRA was measured before and after venous infusions of KCl, KHCO3, KNO3, and KC2H3O2 in dietary NaCl-restricted rats. In contrast to controls, PRA decreased (P less than 0.02) after infusion of each potassium salt [KCl from 55.3 +/- 6.4 to 27.0 +/- 6.4 ng.ml-1.h-1 (mean +/- SE); KC2H3O2 from 39.3 +/- 4.0 to 20.6 +/- 4.0; KHCO3 from 64.4 +/- 6.2 to 47.2 +/- 6.2; KNO3 from 40.0 +/- 4.0 to 18.6 +/- 4.0]. Arterial pressure, plasma volume, inulin clearance, serum sodium concentration, and net sodium balance were not different between control and potassium-infused groups. Potassium loading did not increase absolute or fractional sodium excretion. PRA failed to decrease in animals given an equal volume of NaNO3. Furosemide prevented the fall in PRA associated with potassium loading despite replacement of urinary losses. These results suggest that the decrease in PRA observed during potassium loading occurs through the macula densa mechanism but is not dependent on concomitant chloride administration. As furosemide prevents the fall in PRA, macula densa chloride transport may be necessary for potassium to exert this effect. PMID- 7044146 TI - Role of capillary recruitment in the regulation of intestinal oxygenation. AB - Increasing evidence indicates that capillary recruitment plays a significant role in regulating the oxygenation of intestinal tissue. Measurements of permeability surface area product (PS) and capillary filtration coefficients (Kf) in isolated perfused gut loops indicate that changes in capillary density modulate oxygen extraction in a variety of experimental circumstances. Moreover, the intestinal microvasculature seems capable of independently regulating resistance and capillary exchange. Although "precapillary sphincters" have been identified in the intestine, the capillary density changes have not yet been confirmed by intravital microscopy, as they have been in skeletal muscle. Nevertheless, these changes in capillary density have quantitatively significant effects on oxygen extraction. For example, sympathetic stimulation depresses oxygen uptake in gut loops perfused at constant blood flow, presumably by reducing capillary density to such an extent that oxygen extraction becomes diffusion limited. The microvascular elements that control intestinal capillary density (presumably precapillary sphincters) are apparently under the control of neurogenic, myogenic, and local metabolic mechanisms, but the interaction among these mechanisms is poorly understood. In addition, the PS and Kf data, although well documented, could result from a redistribution of blood flow or an alteration in capillary permeability rather than a change in capillary density. Thus, the physiological mechanisms regulating capillary permeability and the intramural distribution of intestinal blood flow will have to be better understood before the role of capillary recruitment in regulating intestinal oxygenation will be firmly established. PMID- 7044147 TI - Effect of ethanol on peptidases of hamster jejunal brush-border membrane. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ethanol on the brush border activity of the small intestine. Brush-border membrane isolated from hamster jejunum was incubated with L-phenylalanylglycine (Phe-Gly), L leucylglycine (Leu-Gly), or glycyl-L-tyrosine (Gly-Tyr) in the absence and presence of 1-5% (wt/vol) ethanol, and the L-amino acids liberated were determined. Ethanol was found to depress the hydrolysis of all peptides in a dose dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of ethanol on the peptidases does not appear to be time dependent. The ethanol-induced inhibition of peptidase activity is completely reversible. Kinetic studies indicate that ethanol caused a decrease in the Vmax of the enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of the Phe-Gly and Gly Tyr but did not have any effect on their Km. In the hydrolysis of Leu-Gly, two enzymes were involved, and ethanol depressed the Vmax of both without affecting the Km of either. These findings suggest that ethanol produces conformational changes of the peptidases involved in the hydrolysis of these three dipeptides. PMID- 7044148 TI - Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cardiac and skeletal muscles. AB - Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P-31 NMR) has been used to assess dynamic aspects of the metabolism of phosphorus-containing compounds in intact cells, organs, and animals. This review describes the NMR experiment and the kinds of information the P-31 NMR spectrum provides for intact, functioning cardiac and skeletal muscles. The P-31 NMR spectrum not only identifies which phosphorus-containing compounds are present in high concentration, namely adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate, but also provides information about their chemical environment (including pH) and intracellular distribution. The method is quantitative and nondestructive and permits repetitive measurements in an intact functioning organ. For the perfused heart, it is possible to manipulate the chemical and gaseous composition of the perfusate and to define the effects of, for example, ischemia and reperfusion on the metabolism of ATP and creatine phosphate in the same sample. Using saturation transfer NMR techniques, it is also possible to measure rates of certain reactions, including creatine kinase and adenylate kinase, in the intact cell. NMR can also be used as an imaging modality. PMID- 7044150 TI - Dissociation of dipsogenic and pressor responses to chronic central angiotensin II in rats. AB - Chronic intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II) (6 micrograms/h) in rats resulted in a sustained 70-mmHg rise in blood pressure during 7 days of treatment. A marked dipsogenic response preceded the maximal rise in blood pressure, peaked at 24 h, and returned to control by the 5th day. Urinary sodium excretion rose on the 1st day of infusion but thereafter was not different from that of vehicle-infused rats. ANG II-infused rats showed a small but significant kaliuresis, a fall in serum osmolality (5.5 mosmol/kg), but no change in plasma Na+, K+, or glucose. Rats infused with the same dose of ANG II intravenously showed a small, 8-mmHg rise in blood pressure, but none of the changes noted after icv ANG II. Plasma renin activity was suppressed in rats infused with ANG II by both routes. We conclude that the pressor, dipsogenic, and renal excretory effects of icv ANG II are mediated centrally and cannot be explained by leakage of the peptide into the systemic circulation. Furthermore, the pressor and dipsogenic effects of ANG II become clearly dissociated during chronic icv infusion. PMID- 7044149 TI - Adverse effects of prostacyclin used to perfuse isolated lung lobes. AB - To test the hypothesis that preservation of circulating platelets would prolong the function of an isolated perfused canine lung lobe, prostacyclin (PGI2) was added to the perfusate. Platelet count in heparinized controls (n = 7) fell to 44,500 platelets/mm3, lower than 136,000 platelets/mm3 seen with 1 microgram/min PGI2 (n = 7, P less than 0.005). Surprisingly, with PGI2, thromboxane B2 (TXB2) the stable product of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), rose from 0.07 to 0.25 ng/ml, a level higher than controls (P less than 0.005). PGI2, in comparison to controls, also led to higher pulmonary arterial pressure, an increase in lobe weight, an increase in wet weight-dry weight ratio, an increase in physiological shunt, and a decrease in compliance (P less than 0.005). Further, with PGI2 there was hemorrhagic edema. Infusion of the PGI2 hydrolysis product 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (n = 2) led to results similar to controls. Adverse PGI2 effects were eliminated by pretreatment with ibuprofen (12.5 mg/kg, n = 5) or an antiplatelet antibody (n = 6). Infusion of PGI2 into a lobar pulmonary artery of an intact animal was without effect on the lung (n = 2). These results show that platelets exposed to a foreign surface will aggregate and be lost from the circulation. PGI2 prevents platelet loss but not the synthesis of TXA2. This vasoconstrictor is likely to be the cause of pulmonary hypertension and hemorrhagic pulmonary edema. PMID- 7044151 TI - Neural and vascular interaction in renin response to graded renal nerve stimulation. AB - The effect of a 1-min period of renal nerve stimulation was studied in alpha chloralose-anesthetized cats, whose left kidneys were pump perfused. Renal hemodynamics and filtration parameters were unaltered at stimulation frequencies of 2.0 Hz or less; however, renin secretion rates (RSR) increased with frequency reaching 3 times the control level. At higher frequencies renal vasoconstriction occurred and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) fell. RSR was increased but little more than at 2.0 Hz. The RSR response plots were similar to constant-flow and constant-pressure perfused preparations. beta-Adrenergic blockade with propranolol abolished low-frequency responses and resulted in progressive decreases in RSR at higher frequencies. alpha-Adrenergic blockade with phentolamine prevented renal vascular and GFR changes, whereas RSR continually increased up to 12.0 Hz (13.5 times control). Papaverine treatment, to prevent vascular-GFR changes without blocking alpha-receptors, resulted in similar renin responses. The results indicate that the beta-adrenergic receptor mediates increases in RSR in proportion to frequency when vascular-GFR factors are constant. When renal vasoconstriction occurs at high frequencies the beta receptor mechanism interacts with an inhibiting mechanism indirectly mediated by alpha-adrenergic receptors. PMID- 7044152 TI - 2-Deoxy-D-glucose and insulin modify release of norepinephrine from rat hypothalamus. AB - Both 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and insulin, administered systemically, evoke spontaneous feeding in the satiated animal. To determine whether hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) could be involved in this eating response, we examined the effect of the two compounds on the kinetics of NE release from this structure in the unrestrained rat. An individual site in the hypothalamus of the rat was radiolabeled by 1.0-2.0 microCi of [14C]NE microinjected in a volume of 0.5-1.0 microliters through a permanently implanted guide cannula. Then 30 min later, the NE-labeled tissue was perfused, by means of push-pull cannulas, with an artificial cerebrospinal fluid at a rate of 25 microliters/min. The duration of each perfusion was 5.0 min with a 5.0-min interval between successive perfusions. After two base-line samples were collected, a saline control injection or either 40 mg/kg 2-DG or 20 U/kg insulin was given intraperitoneally; then the perfusion sequence was continued for an additional 1-h period. Aliquots of the collected samples of perfusate were analyzed by combined scintillation spectrometry and high-pressure liquid chromatography. 2-DG enhanced the release of NE at sites in the medial hypothalamus, whereas insulin generally caused a suppression of catecholamine efflux particularly at sites within the lateral hypothalamic area. The changes in NE efflux were morphologically specific. Taken together with the differences in amine release, these results suggest that 2-DG and insulin modify feeding by independent neurochemical mechanisms that may involve noradrenergic neurons at the hypothalamic level. PMID- 7044153 TI - Psychotherapy research evidence and reimbursement decisions: Bambi meets Godzilla. AB - Research evidence on psychotherapy outcome is both extensive and positive. However, the evidence is not responsive to the question. What kinds of psychotherapy are most effective for what kinds of problems? It is demonstrably feasible to conduct scientifically meritorious studies of process and outcome; however, the prospect that rigorous research evidence will soon provide a credible list of "certified" psychotherapy techniques and procedures for the treatment of specific disorders is poor. The author presents recommendations for what the doctor can do for the policy maker "until the researcher comes." PMID- 7044154 TI - Trazodone in depressed outpatients. AB - The authors compared the nontricyclic antidepressant trazodone with amitriptyline and placebo in a double-blind study of 202 unipolar depressed outpatients. Trazodone's clinical efficacy was similar to that of amitriptyline, with both active drugs producing significantly more clinical improvement than placebo. The incidence of anticholinergic side effects was lower for the patients taking trazodone than for those taking amitriptyline. PMID- 7044155 TI - Medicaid participation by psychiatrists in private practice. AB - Using national survey data, the authors examined the characteristics of psychiatrists in private practice who treat Medicaid patients. They found that the average Medicaid participation rate was 8%; 39.9% of psychiatrists did not see any Medicaid patients. Participating psychiatrists were more likely to be foreign medical graduates and to have a hospital-oriented practice. Psychiatrists with large Medicaid practices saw significantly more patients per week but spent less time with them. These psychiatrists were also disproportionately located in the West. The authors conclude that these variations are a result of state program differences in Medicaid reimbursement and eligibility policies. PMID- 7044156 TI - Jean Piaget: 1896-1980. PMID- 7044157 TI - Joseph Banks Rhine: 1895-1980. PMID- 7044158 TI - Good/bad splitting in the religious experience. PMID- 7044159 TI - Alveolar soft-part sarcoma--A malignant angioreninoma: Histochemical, immunocytochemical, and electron-microscopic study of four cases. AB - This combined ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of four alveolar soft part sarcomas analyzes the characteristic granules in order to elucidate the histogenesis of this unusual neoplasm. The granules have the ultrastructural features and staining characteristics of renin, react with antiserum to renin, and like renin, incorporate zinc into the crystalline storage granules. The cell appears to be a modified smooth muscle cell analogous to renal juxtaglomerular cells and the cells of juxtaglomerular cell tumors. As there is no association with hypertension, it would appear that alveolar soft-part sarcomas either do not secrete or the product is a form of renin that does not act upon the angiotensin system. PMID- 7044160 TI - A comparative trial of oral chloroquine and oral co-trimoxazole in vivax malaria in children. AB - Responses of parasitemia and fever in vivax malaria to standard doses of chloroquine and different dosage schedules of co-trimoxazole were compared in 165 children. Though both the drugs were effective, chloroquine was significantly faster in clearing parasitemia than all the dosage schedules of co-trimoxazole. No statistically significant difference was observed in rapidity of defervescence between chloroquine and the two high daily dosage regimens of co-trimoxazole. Gastrointestinal intolerance was persistently higher with chloroquine. Asymptomatic sulphonamide crystalluria was seen in a large number of cases receiving the two high daily dosage schedules of co-trimoxazole. PMID- 7044161 TI - Filariasis in Colombia: presence of Dipetalonema perstans in the Comisaria del Guainia. AB - Examination of 75 blood samples (Knott preparation) collected in Puerto Inrida, Coco, and Pajuil, in the Comisaria del Guainia, Colombia, disclosed 26 microfilaria carriers. Eighteen persons harbored only Mansonella ozzardi microfilariae, three were infected with M. ozzardi and Dipetalonema perstans and five harbored only D. perstans. M. ozzardi infections were found in whites, and in Indians belonging to the Curripaco, Puinave, Tukano, Guanano and Saliva tribes, but D. perstans was found only in the Curripaco Indians. Numbers of circulating microfilariae (mf) were low, 73% of the carriers had less than 200 mf/ml of blood: persons who harbored only D. perstans had less than 310 mf/ml. These results confirm the presence of D. perstans in Colombia, and suggest that its prevalence and distribution in the Comisaria del Guainia and neighboring areas may be far greater than has been hitherto suspected. PMID- 7044162 TI - Chirurgia: the handicraft of medicine. Philatelically illustrated historic survey of surgery. PMID- 7044163 TI - [European Society of General Internal Medicine, International Society, Brussels. List of members]. PMID- 7044164 TI - Haematological effects of lithium. A review. PMID- 7044165 TI - Prostaglandins in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7044166 TI - [Topical contraceptives]. PMID- 7044168 TI - [Labor induction with prostaglandin E2 in high-risk pregnancy]. PMID- 7044167 TI - [Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome]. PMID- 7044169 TI - [Transcutaneous measurement of the oxygen saturation of fetal blood (TcpO2): advantages and disadvantages of the method]. PMID- 7044170 TI - Felix von Baerensprung (1822-1864): an early pioneer in dermatopathology. PMID- 7044171 TI - Contributions to the anatomy and pathology of the human skin by Felix von Barensprung. 1848. PMID- 7044172 TI - In memory of Professor Dr. Felix von Barensprung by Otto Veit. 1865. PMID- 7044173 TI - Duane Hanson: reality as art--super realist reproductions of the skin and human form. PMID- 7044174 TI - In situ characterization of cell infiltrates in the dermis of human scabies. AB - Cell infiltrates in the dermis of biopsy specimens from skin lesions of seven patients with scabies were characterized by receptors for sheep erythrocytes (T lymphocytes), Fc C3b (macrophages and B-lymphocytes) and C3d receptors (B lymphocytes) using hemadsorption to cryostat sections in closed chamber. T lymphocytes were also identified using an indirect immunofluorescence technique with rabbit anti-T-lymphocyte serum. All sections showed perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates in the dermis as judged by sections stained by hematoxylin and eosin. T-lymphocytes were the predominant cells in the infiltrates. Fewer macrophages and very few B-lymphocytes were detected. Cell-mediated immune response may be of importance in the pathogenesis of scabies. PMID- 7044175 TI - Licensure to practice nursing. PMID- 7044176 TI - Evaluation of a computer simulation program for teaching halothane uptake and distribution. AB - A pilot evaluation of a simulation program used during a tutorial for the teaching of uptake and distribution of the inhalational anaesthetic halothane shows a highly significant improvement in the students' answers after the tutorial using a 'before and after' questionnaire. The students showed an understanding of the program's display and model limitations. This encourages the further use of the program. PMID- 7044177 TI - Teaching the uptake and distribution of halothane. A computer simulation program. AB - A computer aided learning program for teaching the kinetics of uptake and distribution of the inhalational anaesthetic halothane is described. The program is based on a seven-compartment model which simulates the action of halothane on ventilation and on the cardiovascular system. The program is available to the student in four forms: one with no changes in circulation or respiration, one with the cardiovascular effects of halothane included, one with respiratory effects only, and one with both of these effects combined. The student can study the importance of the influence of halothane on respiration and blood circulation by comparing results from simulations on different models. The simulation is presented as graphs which are continuously displayed on an alphanumeric visual display terminal. Interaction with the program is possible at all times to change the simulation speed, the variables being graphed, the inspired halothane fraction, and the fresh gas flow. PMID- 7044178 TI - Current management of patients after cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The postoperative management of cardiac surgical patients is reviewed with particular reference to some of the recent advances and current controversies. It is emphasised that there has been a marked decrease in the incidence of many of the major problems associated with cardiopulmonary bypass and that, in the majority of cases, cardiac surgery is now a routine procedure associated with a very low morbidity and mortality. PMID- 7044179 TI - Paralysis of the right hemidiaphragm. AB - A case is described of a baby born with a combination of a paralysed hemidiaphragm and congenital hypothyroidism which led to the need for artificial ventilation. Difficulties were encountered in discontinuing the ventilatory support. The problems involved in timing extubation of infants are discussed together with consideration of the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hypothyroidism. PMID- 7044180 TI - Henry Walter Featherstone, first President of the Association of Anesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (1932-34). PMID- 7044181 TI - A pilot study of the changes of skin electrical conductance in patients undergoing general anaesthesia and surgery. AB - Change of skin electrical conductance have been monitored from induction of anaesthesia to recovery in two groups of patients. The first group receiving inhalational anaesthesia with halothane and spontaneous respiration demonstrated no changes in response to surgical stimulus. Some patients from the second group receiving muscle relaxation and ventilation with nitrous oxide and oxygen without halothane demonstrated changes in response to surgery. The changes are mediated by the sympathetic nervous system and the technique forms a simple monitor of sympathetic activity during surgery. PMID- 7044182 TI - Althesin infusions for maintenance of anaesthesia. AB - The intravenous anaesthetic Althesin may be administered by continuous intravenous infusion for maintenance of general anaesthesia, sedation in patients in intensive care units or during investigational procedures. Published reports of experience with this technique are reviewed, with particular attention to the rates of administration employed and the influence of other anaesthetics and analgesic agents used concurrently. PMID- 7044183 TI - [Franz Kern on his 60th birthday]. PMID- 7044184 TI - [In memoriam: Rudolf Frey]. PMID- 7044185 TI - The role of conducting airways in gas exchange during high-frequency ventilation- a clinical and theoretical analysis. AB - Observed values for lung clearance index and mixing ratio appeared to be better than the calculated ideal values in seven of nine patients during high-frequency positive-pressure ventilation (HFPPV). The presence of substantial amounts of N2 (9.2% to 22.5%) in the initial expired gas suggests that these findings are explained by amplified mixing of tidal gas with residual gas in the conducting airways secondary to the high gas flow velocity during inspiration. There was a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.59) between the amount of residual gas (N2) present in the initial part of the expirate and the efficiency of nitrogen washout. A "functional" dead space for N2 can be calculated. During HFPPV this was 125 +/- 71 ml and during spontaneous breathing 354 +/- 121 ml (p less than 0.001), giving a VD/VT for N2 of 0.38 +/- 0.06 as compared with 0.84 +/- 0.21 (p less than 0.001) during spontaneous breathing. It also implies a more efficient washout of N2 than of CO2 (VD/VT approximately 0.75) during HFPPV. PMID- 7044186 TI - Tissue oxygenation in clinical medicine: an historical review. PMID- 7044187 TI - Mutagenicity of experimental inhalational anesthetic agents: sevoflurane, synthane, dioxychlorane, and dioxyflurane. AB - A modification of the Ames bacterial assay system employing two histidine dependent strains of Salmonella typhimurium, TA1535 and TA100, was used to test the mutagenicity of four experimental, inhalational anesthetic agents: sevoflurane, synthane, dioxychlorane, and dioxyflurane. None of the anesthetics was mutagenic. Increased activity was seen only with vinylidene chloride, the positive control. PMID- 7044188 TI - Oxygenation during mechanical ventilation in goats. PMID- 7044189 TI - [Graft function in the immediate postoperative period after an experimental heart transplant in relation to pharmacological stimulation]. PMID- 7044190 TI - [Hemosorption against a background of assisted extracorporeal circulation in treating septic shock]. PMID- 7044191 TI - [The 100th anniversary of the birth of V.A. Dogel']. PMID- 7044192 TI - [Fedor Fedorovich Soprunov--65 years old]. PMID- 7044193 TI - The global eradication of smallpox. AB - On May 8, 1980, the 33rd World Health Assembly declared the world free of smallpox. This followed approximately 2 1/2 years after the last documented naturally occurring case of smallpox was diagnosed in a hospital worker in Merca, Somalia. A major breakthrough for the eventual control of this disease was the discovery of an effective vaccine by Edward Jenner in 1796. In 1966 the World Health Assembly voted a special budget to eliminate smallpox from the world. At that time, smallpox was endemic in more than 30 countries. Mass vaccination programs were successful in many Western countries; however, a different approach was taken in developing countries. This approach was known as surveillance and containment. Surveillance was aided by extensive house-to-house searches and rewards offered for persons reporting smallpox cases. Containment measures included ring vaccination and isolation of cases and contacts. Hospitals played a major role in transmission in a number of smallpox outbreaks. The World Health Organization is currently supporting several control programs and has not singled out another disease for eradication. The lessons learned from the smallpox campaign can be readily applied to other public health programs. PMID- 7044194 TI - Pseudoepidemic of coccidioidomycosis. PMID- 7044196 TI - [Ceruloplasmin determination in the inflammatory reaction and during the last three months of pregnancy : choice of a technique (author's transl)]. AB - Two methods of ceruloplasmin determination have been tested when this protein reaches its highest levels : inflammatory reaction and the last three months of pregnancy. A very good agreement between a spectrophotometric method based on oxydasis properties of ceruloplasmin and an immunoprecipitation was found in the first case. However during the last months of pregnancy, the data obtained by immunoprecipitation yield low values when compared to spectrophotometry. This results confirmed by experiments with rats indicate that the spectrophotometric method should be preferred in all circumstances. PMID- 7044195 TI - The protective action of fluocortin butylester (FCB) in the nasal antigen provocation test: a controlled double-blind, crossover study. AB - Fluocortin butylester (FCB), a locally active corticosteroid, was inhaled as a fine powder mixed with lactose using the rhinolator in a comparative double blind, crossover study against placebo. Fifty patients of both sexes and aged from 16 to 46 years with an established seasonal allergic rhinitis, but free of symptoms, took part in this trial. The determination of the protective action after allergen provocation was performed after seven days treatment with 4 mg FCB or placebo. Measurements of the nasal resistance and the temperature were taken after provocation. The symptoms of nose and eyes were recorded. The protective effect of FCB against nasal provocation with grass pollen extracts was statistically proved. PMID- 7044197 TI - [Changes in the concentrations of plasma and urinary amino acids induced by therapy]. PMID- 7044198 TI - [the application of immunofixation on cellulose acetate in the rapid classification of biclonal immunoglobulinopathies (author's transl)]. AB - The authors described a technique of immunofixation using standard cellulose acetate electrophoresis equipment. Using two cases of biclonal immunoglobulins (IgG + IgA and IgG + IgM) showing difficulties in interpretation by immunoelectrophoresis, they show how immunofixation may be used as a complement to immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 7044199 TI - Acute and chronic digitalis toxicity: presentation and treatment. AB - Although digitalis toxicity is commonly encountered, it can easily be mistaken because of its many manifestations. Recognition of toxicity depends on an awareness of the difference between an acute digitalis overdose and chronic digitalis toxicity. The gastrointestinal, central nervous, and cardiac conduction systems are most commonly involved. Ventricular ectopy and arrhythmias are common with chronic toxicity, while disturbances of sinus impulse formation, A-V blocks, and nodal arrhythmias are seen with both acute and chronic digitalis toxicity. Treatment is mainly supportive, except in acute poisoning, in which case attempts must be made to clear as much drug as possible from the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7044200 TI - Awards for distinguished scientific contributions: 1981. David M. Green. PMID- 7044201 TI - Awards for distinguished scientific contributions: 1891. Irving L. Janis. PMID- 7044202 TI - Cervicomediastinal injuries following blunt trauma. AB - Blunt injuries to aortic arch branches are encountered with increasing frequency. From 1976 to 1980 20 patients with 26 cervicomediastinal arterial injuries were treated. Physical findings varied depending on the vessel injured: all subclavian artery injuries had positive signs, one carotid artery injury had a bruit as the only finding, and injuries to the innominate artery had no positive physical findings. Angiographic examination was performed in all patients when findings suggested vascular injury or there was a high index of suspicion based on patient history, widened mediastinum, or first rib fracture. Vessels injured included the subclavian (13 instances), carotid (five instances), innominate (five instances) and vertebral (three instances). In injured vertebral arteries were ligated. Innominate artery wounds were reconstructed using Dacron grafts; the remainder were excised in the area of intimal damage with primary anastomosis or interposition of a saphenous vein graft. There were no deaths or major vascular complications. Three patients, each, have major upper extremity neurologic deficits due to brachial plexus stretch injuries. PMID- 7044203 TI - Nobel Prize winners in surgery. Part 2. PMID- 7044204 TI - Freezing of human kidneys: initial in vitro observations. AB - Five human cadaver kidneys not used for transplantation because of technical reasons were perfused-frozen-thawed-perfused in a sequential manner in order to determine their in vitro response to these various phenomena. No evidence of severe histological or electron microscopic damage was noted in two kidneys. The perfusion characteristics were recovered one to three hours after freezing and thawing. In a xenotransplant model, delayed perfusion was observed with recovery if some perfusion several minutes later. it is clear that more experimental freezing work is required to understand and improve that techniques utilized so far with almost no success. PMID- 7044205 TI - In situ hypothermic preservation of a renal allograft during resection of abdominal aortic aneurysm. AB - Protection of renal function during aortic surgery is of utmost importance. continuous profound hypothermic perfusion was utilized for the first time to protect a renal allograft from ischemia during resection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Ringer's lactate at 4 C was perfused directly into the iliac artery bearing the allograft. No significant corporeal hypothermia was induced. PMID- 7044206 TI - [Therapeutic trial with allopurinol in progressive muscular dystrophy (author's transl)]. AB - Authors present a therapeutic trial with allopurinol on Duchenne muscular dystrophy. On an initial stage of three months they compare the effect of this drug with a placebo, finding no significant results. Afterwards they compare at six weeks, three months and six months the effects on muscle power, chronometered physical exercise and values of CPK without obtaining significant results. The changes on urate serum, and relation urine urate/creatinine are significant at six weeks, three months and six months of treatment. PMID- 7044207 TI - [Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and "crithidia" serology (author's transl)]. AB - A case of visceral leishmaniosis in a three year old child is reported. The rarity of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniosis and the diagnostic value of "Crithidia" serology are discussed. PMID- 7044208 TI - [Renal transplantation in children: preliminary report (author's transl)]. AB - The preliminary results of a pediatric renal transplantation program started two years ago are presented. Fourteen children aged four to 13 years received a renal transplantation from April 1979 through March 1981. In eight patients renal graft was obtained from a living related donor (father-mother) and six from corpse donor. Recipients body weight ranged from 11 to 40 kg. (mean, 25 kg.). The previous time on hemodialysis was between three and 13 months (mean, seven months). In all cases a transfusion protocol prior to renal transplantation was followed (five transfusions minimum). Donor-recipient compatibility ranged zero three HLA compatibilities. The patients were coordinately managed by pediatric specialists. The follow-up of the transplanted children ranges from one to 24 months (mean, 10 months). All of the patients are alive and the graft is functioning in all but one. A chronic rejection episode begun five months after renal-transplantation caused in one patients a graft loss. Plasma creatinine is lesser than 1.50 mg/100 ml. in 11 cases and inferior to 2 mg./100 ml. in the other two patients. The non-immunological complications presented have been unremarkable and no repercussions on the patients evolution have been detected. Even though the follow-up period is short, the results are highly encouraging, supporting that renal transplantation is the election treatment in children with terminal renal failure. PMID- 7044209 TI - [Physiopathology of diabetic microangiography]. PMID- 7044210 TI - Lipopolysaccharide requirement of phage T6 inactivation in Escherichia coli K12. AB - T6-phage inactivation by homogeneous, lipopolysaccharide-free Tsx protein showed a clear dependence on added lipopolysaccharide, when assayed in the presence of a non-ionic detergent, octyl-polyoxyethylene (octyl-POE). Under these conditions, the protein exists in a monomeric state. PMID- 7044211 TI - Expression in Escherichia coli K12 of the cloned genes for a major outer membrane protein (OmpA protein) from Shigella dysenteriae, Enterobacter aerogenes and Serratia marcescens. PMID- 7044212 TI - Systems for generating and detecting mutations in the galactose operon promoter region. AB - We discuss the use of plasmid systems which enable us to generate and detect mutations in the Escherichia coli galactose operon promoter region. We describe the isolation of mutants which map the galactose promoters and which pinpoint the sites for the binding of the cyclic AMP-binding protein (CRP) and the galactose repressor. Finally, we describe how such mutations can be transferred from the plasmid systems to the intact galactose operon on the host chromosome. PMID- 7044213 TI - Superposition of genetic sites in the regulatory region of the bipolar argECBH operon of Escherichia coli. AB - The nucleotide sequence of mutants in the regulatory region of the argECBH divergent operon of Escherichia coli explains the dual effect of these mutants on the rate of expression of both wings of the gene cluster and emphasizes the high degree of integration of the genetic sites at the argE-argC boundary. PMID- 7044214 TI - PHO-regulon of Escherichia coli K12: a minireview. PMID- 7044215 TI - Function of the signal peptides in protein secretion across the membrane. PMID- 7044216 TI - Regulation of sugar transport in Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7044217 TI - Mechanism of regulation of the lactose permease by the phosphotransferase system in Escherichia coli: evidence for protein-protein interaction. AB - Binding of enzyme IIIglc to membranes was demonstrated in vitro, using membrane fragments from an E. coli strain which produces elevated levels of the lactose permease. Lactose and other substrates of the lactose permease enhanced the binding, but phosphoenolpyruvate decreased it in the presence of enzyme I and HPr. HPr also bound to the membranes under some conditions. The results support a model of permease regulation involving allosteric protein-protein interactions. PMID- 7044218 TI - [Ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of regenerating "Candida albicans" sphero-protoplasts (author's transl)]. AB - Subcellular modifications associated with sphero-protoplast regeneration of Candida albicans were followed with the electron microscope. After 30 min of regeneration the ultrastructural study revealed a considerable proliferation of plasmalemma invaginations and an abundant synthesis of glycogen in association with an extension of the Golgi apparatus/endoplasmic reticulum system. Later, the inflection of these invaginations and their fusion with the plasmalemma lead to a rejection of cytoplasmic areas in the cell wall. Glycogen-like particles so released in the wall were distributed in clearly delineated layers. The incorporation of cytoplasmic material through the intermediary of the plasmalemma constituted a mechanism believed to mediate the reconstitution and thus the integrity of the newly-forming cell wall. PMID- 7044219 TI - [Rapid determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration of an antibiotic by measuring bacterial ATP (author's transl)]. AB - The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of gentamicin for ten strains of Enterobacteriaceae were determined by measuring the bacterial ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP was measured by chemiluminescence on 4-h growth cultures which included gentamicin. The MIC results obtained by this method were equivalent to those found with the technique of dilution in liquid medium. PMID- 7044220 TI - [Utilization of organic compounds by "Klebsiella" (author's transl)]. AB - A total of 209 Klebsiella strains were investigated for their ability to grow on minimal mineral media supplemented by different organic compounds. The "respiratory" strains of Klebsiella described by Cowan as K. pneumoniae (sensu stricto), K. edwardsii and K. atlantae, assimilate substrates at a low rate. They are in this respect closely related to the dystrophic species K. ozaenae and K. rhinoscleromatis, although they taxonomically fit into the more ubiquitous species K. pneumoniae. These findings might result in a reconsideration of the taxonomic status of these strains. PMID- 7044221 TI - Beriberi caused by antithiamin factors in food and its prevention. PMID- 7044222 TI - Antithiamins of plant origin: their chemical nature and mode of action. PMID- 7044223 TI - Actions of two types of thiaminase on thiamin and its analogues. PMID- 7044224 TI - Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Azotobacter vinelandii: structure, function, and inter-enzyme catalysis. PMID- 7044225 TI - Structure of the active center of transketolase. PMID- 7044226 TI - Thiamin deficiency and alcoholism. PMID- 7044227 TI - Thiamin-binding proteins. PMID- 7044228 TI - Thiamin homeostasis in the central nervous system. PMID- 7044229 TI - The role of the cholinergic system in thiamin deficiency. PMID- 7044230 TI - The role of thiamin in maple syrup urine disease. PMID- 7044231 TI - Rat preprorelaxin: complete amino acid sequence derived from cDNA analysis. PMID- 7044232 TI - Biological actions of relaxin in pigs and beef cattle. PMID- 7044233 TI - Potentiation of insulin binding and insulin action by purified porcine relaxin. PMID- 7044234 TI - On the three-dimensional structure of relaxin. PMID- 7044235 TI - Relaxin-like antigenicity in the armadillo prostate gland. PMID- 7044236 TI - Evolution, relaxin and insulin: a new perspective. PMID- 7044237 TI - Human decidual relaxin. PMID- 7044238 TI - The role of the autonomic nervous system in sudden coronary death. PMID- 7044239 TI - Role of coronary arterial spasm in sudden coronary ischemic death. AB - Sudden coronary death is a syndrome caused by different mechanisms, all of which should be separately considered with respect to preventive measures. Ventricular fibrillation, tachycardia, and complete atrioventricular block were repeatedly observed during ischemic episodes caused by spasm in both the presence and absence of anginal pain. Spasm is, therefore, a potential cause of sudden coronary death. In "variant" angina, which is a reasonably reliable indicator of coronary spasm, arrhythmias occur in about 25% of patients and tend to recur in the same patient. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients who develop severe arrhythmias is quite variable and not dissimilar from patient who do not. Mortality is considerably higher in patients with severe disease, but fibrillation and death can occur also in patients with angiographically normal arteries. In these patients acute and long-term treatment with nitrates and slow channel blockers appears to give remarkable results. Prevention of arrhythmias in patients in whom arrhythmias are secondary to acute ischemic episodes caused by vasospasm should be attempted by preventing vasospasm. PMID- 7044240 TI - Sudden cardiac death: role of left ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 7044241 TI - Effect of infarct size limitation by propranolol on ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction. AB - These experiments show that pretreatment with propranolol was able to achieve significant infarct size reduction in this particular animal model of LAD occlusion followed by reperfusion through a critical stenosis. Despite infarct size reduction, the propranolol pretreatment prolonged the time course of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction in the conscious dog. In contrast to this, propranolol pretreatment did not appear to protect against inducible ventricular arrhythmias in the late postinfarction period in the conscious dog. While it is, of course, impossible to extrapolate the results of animal studies to the clinical situation, future clinical studies designed to limit infarct size by pharmacologic intervention should specifically address the question of electrophysiologic instability after myocardial infarction, both in the early and late phases. The possibility exists that pharmacologic limitation of infarct size may preserve viable but potentially jeopardized areas of myocardium, leaving the risk of subsequent malignant arrhythmias and sudden death. PMID- 7044242 TI - Drugs and sudden cardiac death. PMID- 7044243 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies: their role in determining therapeutic efficacy of agents designed to prevent sudden death. PMID- 7044244 TI - Antiplatelet agents: their role in the prevention of sudden death. PMID- 7044245 TI - Sudden coronary death: the Framingham Study. PMID- 7044246 TI - Exercise conditioning soon after myocardial infarction: effects on myocardial perfusion and ventricular function. PMID- 7044247 TI - The use of animal models in the study of the electrophysiology of sudden coronary deaths. PMID- 7044248 TI - Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid. PMID- 7044249 TI - Tetracycline bone labeling: an improved technique using incident fluorescence. AB - A simple modification of the tetracycline bone labeling technique, based on the use of incident fluorescence, is introduced. The method has proven effective in the study of osteoneogenesis in bone grafts assisted by a soft tissue pedicle. The results obtained are highly specific, with new bone showing as a yellow band against blue background. The degree of fluorescence appears to be related to that of osteoneogenesis and correlates well with histological findings of the same specimens when examined by conventional light microscopy. The main advantages of this new technique over currently used methods are 1) avoidance of the time consuming thinning procedure; 2) ability to study bone and surrounding soft tissue simultaneously; and 3) one-to-one comparison and documentation of the results of fluorescence and histological examination of the same specimen. PMID- 7044250 TI - Mondini dysplasia. PMID- 7044251 TI - [Enlarged forearm in a four-month-old (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044252 TI - The medieval medical third party: compulsory consultation and malpractice insurance. AB - Medical third-party intervention was a venerable medieval tradition. Fifteenth century London's medical malpractice legislation and court cases contained forms of peer review, compulsory consultation for critical cases, and a malpractice insurance "floater" policy for conditions likely to lead to death, maiming, or accusations of malpractice. A four-part Latin document from 1415 and a few earlier and later manuscript rules demonstrate the role of politics in medical ethics; civil enforcement of surgical guild regulations; and ingenious forms of protection for patient, practitioner, the surgical profession, and the English citizenry. Pairing compulsory consultation with malpractice insurance policies for high-risk cases offers inspiration for alleviating some modern malpractice perils. PMID- 7044253 TI - Complications of rectal anastomoses with end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) stapling instrument. Clinical and radiological leak rates and some practical hints. AB - The complications and results of rectal anastomoses carried out with the end-to end anastomosis (EEA) stapling instrument on 50 patients by 5 consultant surgeons are recorded. There was a clinical leakage rate of 6% and a radiological leakage rate of 20% assessed by water-soluble contrast enema. The technique has advantages compared with hand-suture by allowing low anastomoses and preservation of sphincters and is accompanied by an acceptably low leakage rate. Despite the cost of disposable cartridges these advantages make the technique economical because of the avoidance of colostomies and reduction in hospital stay. PMID- 7044254 TI - Research in forensic odontology. AB - Forensic odontology has established itself as an important and often indispensable science in medicolegal matters and in particular in identification of the dead. Much of its expertise is drawn from clinical experience based on basic research and advances in knowledge in dentistry in general. There has also been, particularly during the past two decades, an increasing body of research in specifically forensic dental matters and these studies form the subject of this review. Progress in this field, as in others, will depend upon development of training pathways and research facilities in our dental schools. PMID- 7044255 TI - [Heterotopic cardiac allograft in the newborn piglet (author's transl)]. AB - Heterotopic cardiac allografts were performed in unrelated Large White piglets to test (i) if such a technique could be used in young (12 days) and neonates (less than five days); (ii) if tolerance to histocompatibility antigens could be induced by donor-cells injection to piglets that were immunosuppressed with heterologous antilymphocyte serum (ALS). The experimentation included two different series. The first one involved ten allografts done in early weaned (10 days), 12-day-old piglets (mean live weight 3.5 kg). They received or not ALS 2 ml per kg per day by subcutaneous route during five consecutive days after transplantation. In addition, two of the ALS treated piglets received endovenously, on day 7 after transplantation, cryoconservated cells from the spleen of the heart-donor. The second series involved ten allografts performed in suckling piglets just after birth at a mean live weight of 1.4 kg. These animals were first thymectomized at day 0 (6 h to 44 h after birth), and then received ALS (4 ml per kg by intraperitoneal route) on day 1. The heterotopic cardiac allograft was performed on day 2. Out of them, two received endovenously, on day 3, conservated splenic cells from the heart donor. In both series the heterotopic cardiac allograft was done, after right nephrectomy, anastomosing the donor thoracic aorta end to side to the recipient abdominal aorta, and the donor pulmonary artery end to side to the recipient inferior vena cava. From the surgical point of view, it appeared that the heterotopic cardiac allograft was easy to perform, and successful in most cases, in 12-day-old piglets. The same operation in neonates was as easy to perform as in older animals, but most failed to survive due to hemorragic leakage and post operative shock (repetitive anesthesia, insufficient suckling). From the immunological point of view, we failed to obtain any active enhancement of heart allograft with significant prolongation of the survival of the allogenic heart allograft (electro-cardiogram from epicardic electrodes). Rejection usually occurred in 6 to 8 days whatever the treatment (ALS with or without splenic cells from the donor, or nothing). PMID- 7044256 TI - Antibiotic sensitivity testing: correlations between in vitro tests in vivo situations. AB - This review discusses the correlations between in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test results and in vivo clinical situations. It is concluded that the relations between blood levels and minimal inhibitory concentrations of antibacterial drugs cannot always be applied as criteria of sensitivity. Important exceptions are local treatments and treatment of infections in body sites where antibiotics are concentrated. Examples of agreement and lack of agreement between in vitro test results and treatment results in infections caused by bacteria with acquired resistance are given. Finally, the special problem of the interpretation of results obtained in tests with intestinal bacteria and antibacterials used for growth promotion is discussed. PMID- 7044257 TI - [Model for in vivo study of antibiotics efficacy and level of Escherichia coli implantation in the digestive tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044258 TI - Chlorpromazine and propranolol extend survival of infant mice inoculated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. AB - Effects of chlorpromazine and propranolol were tested in infant mice model of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea. Reference strain B41 inoculated orally from 18 h to 48 h after birth causes death of almost all animals in less than 48 h. Both drugs, which are known to reverse submaximal induced secretion by heat stable toxin in the suckling mouse assay, used as single treatment, were able to extend the survival of mice. PMID- 7044259 TI - [Human lung transplantation. A case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044260 TI - [Compression of the trachea by the brachiocephalic artery in infants. Thirty-four cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044261 TI - Balanced salt solution in blood loss replacement. AB - This is a review article of the debated massive use of balance electrolyte solutions in the replacement of blood loss. We cannot directly apply the results and conclusions of American reviews on this subject as there are significant differences between USA and Finland in the use and availability of alternative fluids. Electrolyte solutions pass freely across the capillary membrane and are distributed in the extracellular compartment and as such poorly restore and maintain blood volume. In order to be effective they have to be infused in volumes trice the blood loss. Efficient protective mechanisms in the pulmonary capillary membranes prevent the appearance of pulmonary interstitial edema even when crystalloids are used in massive amounts. There is however significant water retention and edema in the periphery which results in impaired tissue oxygenation. The optimum anion composition of balanced electrolyte solutions is unsettled. In blood loss replacement electrolyte solutions without dextrose are preferred. The minimal amounts of potassium in balanced electrolyte solutions is of no practical value. Even though crystalloid solutions can be tolerated in massive amounts, marked blood loss is replaced more physiologically and effectively using natural or artificial colloids in iso-oncotic concentrations together with red cell concentrates and fresh blood. PMID- 7044262 TI - Autotransfusion; a review. AB - Autologous blood transfusion is a procedure in which blood is removed from a donor (patient) and returned to his circulation at some later time. Autologous blood transfusion can be performed in four different ways: 1. elective preoperative blood collection, storage and retransfusion during surgery; 2. immediate preoperative phlebotomy with simultaneous artificial hemodilution and later reinfusion of phlebotomized blood; 3. pre- or postoperative salvage and retransfusion of blood shed via wound drains as an emergency method; 4. intraoperative blood salvage and retransfusion. All these four types of autotransfusion offer a potentially superior method of blood transfusion which eliminates many of the problems and complications associated with the banking and administration of homologous donor blood. However, autotransfusion has it's own inherent problems and hazards which have limited its acceptance. A review to literature on autotransfusion is given, with the emphasis on intraoperative blood salvage and retransfusion mode. Some of our experiences with intraoperative autotransfusion is also presented here. PMID- 7044263 TI - Circadian metabolic rhythms in obese children. AB - Obese children display constant hyperinsulinism and, frequently, hyperphagia. In animals, lesions of the hypothalamic system affect simultaneously the circadian rhythm of insulin secretion and of food intake. In this study, circadian metabolic rhythm was examined in obese and non-obese children, by two different protocols. (1) Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were carried out at 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. on 2 consecutive days. (2) Circadian variations of plasma glucose and insulin were determined. After OGTT, in the control children there was a significant drop in the insulin/glucose ratio in the afternoon, whereas in the obese group this ratio remained high, with no significant change during the day. Differences were also observed in free fatty acid, growth hormone, and cortisol responses. The control children showed a circadian rhythm for blood glucose levels which was not present in obesity. These preliminary data suggest impairment of metabolic rhythms in obese children; they should stimulate further studies on the hypothalamic system in obesity. PMID- 7044264 TI - Selective antimetastatic drugs (review). PMID- 7044265 TI - Recent advances in mode of action of insecticides. PMID- 7044267 TI - Structure and function in tick cuticle. PMID- 7044266 TI - Biochemistry of insect venoms. PMID- 7044268 TI - The Rockefeller Foundation virus program: 1951-1971 with update to 1981. PMID- 7044269 TI - Major drug interactions: effect of liver disease, alcohol, and malnutrition. PMID- 7044270 TI - Pathogenesis of gastric mucosal injury. PMID- 7044271 TI - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. PMID- 7044272 TI - Effects of alcohol on hepatic transport of proteins. AB - Alcohol inhibits the secretion of protein from the liver. Chronic abuse results in intrahepatic accumulation of export-type proteins and decreased plasma levels. These effects appear to be mediated by acetaldehyde, an oxidation product of ethanol. Acetaldehyde is capable of interfering with the assembly of microtubules, a component of the cytoskeleton, the integrity of which is required for normal secretion. Protein retention and cytoskeletal alterations may contribute to manifestations of alcoholic liver disease, such as hepatomegaly, ballooning of the hepatocyte, portal hypertension, and development of Mallory bodies. PMID- 7044274 TI - Undiagnosed physical illness in psychiatric patients. PMID- 7044273 TI - Central nervous system infections in immunocompromised hosts. PMID- 7044275 TI - Glucose-insulin-potassium administration in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7044276 TI - Therapy of hyperlipidemic states. PMID- 7044277 TI - Infectious granulomas: exposit from the leprosy model. PMID- 7044278 TI - Clinical disorders of hyperkalemia. PMID- 7044279 TI - The role of the lithium ion in medicine. PMID- 7044280 TI - Kawasaki syndrome (the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome). AB - Kawasaki Syndrome is a newly recognized clinical entity characterized by multisystem involvement. It has an acute onset and a triphasic clinical course. Although essentially a self-limited disease, permanent vascular damage, especially involving the coronary arteries, may result. Pathologically the disease is characterized by widespread vasculitis. There is a monomodal age distribution with peak occurrence during the first 2 years of life; few affected over the age of 8 years. Males outnumber females 1.5:1, persons of Japanese extraction are overrepresented compared with other races, and Caucasians are underrepresented. Community-wide epidemics occur in diverse locations but there is no evidence for direct person-to-person transmission. Etiology remains unknown. Therapy remains supportive and should be directed at careful clinical evaluation for cardiovascular abnormalities and antiplatelet aggregation therapy. PMID- 7044281 TI - Recent advances in malarial immunity. PMID- 7044282 TI - Great expectations. PMID- 7044283 TI - Toxicity and metabolism of the neurotoxic hexacarbons n-hexane, 2-hexanone, and 2,5-hexanedione. AB - Human exposure to hexacarbon compounds is quite pervasive, including occupational exposures to industrial solvents as well as unintentional and sometimes deliberate exposures to hexacarbon solvents contained in innumerable commercial products. The exact mechanism of hexacarbon neurotoxicity has not yet been identified, but an interference with neuronal axoplasmic flow seems most likely. Metabolism of n-hexane and 2-hexanone to 2,5-hexanedione is a prominent feature which appears to be causally related to the neuropathologic syndrome, and mixed solvent effects have been noted in regard to potentiation of hexacarbon neurotoxicity. Continued effort in investigating the chemically induced peripheral neuropathy is essential not only to define the precise molecular mechanism, but to advance our basic understanding of other polyneuropathies as well. Ultimately, progress in these areas should yield such benefits as early diagnosis of potential neuropathology, better measures for the prevention of neurotoxicities, and more effective modalities of treatment. Indeed, sustained research efforts are imperative in maintaining human health and safety throughout our current era of advancing global technology. PMID- 7044284 TI - Neurochemical basis of acupuncture analgesia. PMID- 7044285 TI - Pharmacokinetics in the ovine maternal-fetal unit. PMID- 7044286 TI - Evaluation of platelet-inhibiting drugs in models of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7044287 TI - Insect attractants. PMID- 7044288 TI - Toxicology of thiono-sulfur compounds. AB - Thiono-sulfur-containing compounds cause a wide variety of toxic effects in mammals. These toxic effects of thiono-sulfur-containing compounds appear to be at least partially the result of their metabolism to reactive intermediates by the cytochrome P-450-containing monooxygenase enzyme systems. Covalent binding of (atomic) sulfur released in the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase catalyzed metabolism of certain thiono-sulfur compounds appears to be responsible for the inhibition of monooxygenase activity and the loss of cytochrome P-450 seen on administration of these thiono-sulfur compounds in vivo or incubation with cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase enzymes in vitro. Liver necrosis and perhaps the induction of lung edema and neoplasia as well as other effects of thiono-sulfur containing compounds are more likely the result of the covalent binding of the electrophilic S-oxides or S-dioxides or carbene derivatives of these S-oxides and S-dioxides to tissue macromolecules. The rationale for implicating metabolites of thiono-sulfur compounds other than atomic sulfur in these effects derives from the experiments with thioacetamide and the fact that atomic sulfur is highly reactive and appears to bind predominantly or exclusively to cytochrome P-450. It is difficult to rationalize why binding to and inhibition of cytochrome P-450 would lead to the production of, for examples, liver necrosis. PMID- 7044289 TI - Cardiovascular control by cholinergic mechanisms in the central nervous system. PMID- 7044290 TI - Pharmacology and toxicology of the monovalent carboxylic ionophores. PMID- 7044291 TI - Antibacterial properties of alafosfalin combined with cephalexin. AB - The phosphonopeptide alafosfalin (L-alanyl-L-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid) exhibited synergy in vitro and in animal studies against a range of bacterial genera when combined with cephalexin. Alafosfalin also showed synergy with mecillinam and, to a much lesser extent, with ampicillin. Synergy with cephalexin was more pronounced when the bacteria were relatively insensitive to the beta lactam component. The action of this combination involved both an inhibitory and a bacteriolytic mechanism which was abolished by concurrent treatment with the aminopeptidase inhibitor, bestatin. Regrowth of subpopulation resistant to either component was markedly reduced by the combination. The potential of alafosfalin combined with cephalexin for use in therapy is discussed. PMID- 7044292 TI - Spread of R-plasmids among Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections. AB - The incidence of multiple-antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections at Charing Cross Hospital, London, increased over the last 10 years, and its distribution was related to O-type. Among strains of the eight O-types most frequently causing such infections at this hospital, O4, O9, and O18 had a high incidence of multiple resistance (35, 22, and 19%, respectively); O2 and O6 had a intermediate incidence (14 and 11%, respectively); and O7, O1, and O75 had a low incidence (8, 6, and less than 3%, respectively). This nonrandom distribution appears to be a consequence of unequal plasmid recipient ability. After overnight mating with antibiotic-resistant donors, R plasmid infection frequencies among antibiotic-sensitive urinary tract isolates differed by up to 10(5)-fold, and such differences were correlated with the variation in the incidence of antibiotic resistance among the O-types. The inherent differences in the ability to achieve significant R-plasmid spread, which appear to be determined by the host, not the plasmid, may be compounded in some cases by the inhibition of potential mating partners by colicin production. PMID- 7044293 TI - Mutants of Escherichia coli that are resistant to certain beta-lactam compounds lack the ompF porin. AB - Carbenicillin-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 and B/r were found to produce greatly diminished levels of the porin coded by the ompF gene. Physiological and ecological implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7044294 TI - Double-blind controlled study of central nervous system side effects of amantadine, rimantadine, and chlorpheniramine. AB - A total of 52 healthy, adult volunteers were randomly assigned to five treatment groups to be treated twice daily for 4 days with 100 mg of amantadine, 100 mg of rimantadine, 4 mg of chlorpheniramine or placebo alone, or 100 mg of amantadine in combination with chlorpheniramine. The results of tests measuring performance on tasks of attention, reasoning, and memory were unaffected by treatment. Subjective side effects in recipients of amantadine, rimantadine, and chlorpheniramine were comparable and minimal. Side effects appeared to be enhanced in subjects receiving both amantadine and chlorpheniramine. PMID- 7044295 TI - Comparison of radioimmunoassay with a new immunofluorescent method (FIAX) for measuring tobramycin in serum. AB - A new immunofluorescent method (FIAX) was compared with a radioimmunoassay procedure for the determination of tobramycin serum concentrations. When assaying three tobramycin control sera repeatedly, within-run and run-to-run variations by the FIAX method were all within acceptable limits, and no statistically significant differences were found. Results of 155 sera from patients who had been treated with tobramycin showed a correlation coefficient of 0.93 between the two methods. The FIAX method represents another practical alternative for determining tobramycin serum levels. PMID- 7044296 TI - In vivo inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus by ribavirin. AB - Ribavirin reduced the amount of respiratory syncytial virus in nasal turbinates and lung tissues of experimentally infected cotton rats by over 90%. An effect was seen when the drug was given either intraperitoneally or by aerosol; however, the antiviral effect was achieved at much lower doses when delivered by the aerosol route. No animal deaths due to the drug were seen. PMID- 7044297 TI - Performance characteristics of bioassay, radioenzymatic assay, homogeneous enzyme immunoassay, and high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of serum gentamicin. AB - We compared the accuracy, precision, and between-method error of the microbiological assay, the radioenzymatic assay, the homogeneous enzyme immunoassay, and the high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the quantitation of gentamicin in serum. Precision and accuracy were evaluated by reference samples prepared to contain 0.0 to 32.7 micrograms of gentamicin per ml. Correlations between the methods utilized patient sera with gentamicin concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 13.3 micrograms/ml. All methods were reliable within acceptable limits for routine clinical use; intermethod correlation coefficients exceeded 0.96. Relative to the microbiological assay, the alternative methods offer the advantage of rapid analysis. The elapsed times for acquiring data on a set of 10 specimens under routine operating conditions were 0.5 h by the enzyme immunoassay, 4 h by the radioenzymatic assay, 5 h by the high performance liquid chromatographic assay, and 10 h by the microbiological assay. PMID- 7044298 TI - Potential liabilities of gentamicin homogeneous enzyme immunoassay. AB - We report two potential liabilities of the homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for the determination of serum gentamicin. One is a considerable loss of precision and accuracy at the ends of the calibration curve, and the other is an apparent loss of gentamicin with storage at -60 degrees C. PMID- 7044299 TI - Rapid, radiolabeled macrophage culture method for detection of dapsone-resistant Mycobacterium leprae. AB - Mycobacterium leprae cells extracted from the skin biopsies of 14 bacilliferous lepromatous patients were maintained in human-murine macrophage cultures for 3 weeks in the presence of [3H]thymidine and DDS (4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone). All cultures except one containing freshly extracted viable bacilli showed significant incorporation of [3H]thymidine as compared to control cultures containing heat-killed bacilli of the corresponding strain. Six susceptible strains of M. leprae obtained from untreated, freshly diagnosed patients showed significant inhibition of the uptake of the radiolabel in the presence of 3 and 10 ng of DDS per ml per culture. Eight strains of M. leprae obtained from patients clinically suspected of DDS resistance were tested in a similar manner. These strains were also concurrently inoculated in the footpads of mice given orally 10(-2), 10(-3), and 10(-4) g of DDS per 100 g of body weight for 9 months. Concordant results were obtained by both methods: five strains were found to be resistant, one was susceptible, and one was partially resistant. Strain VIII did not incorporate [3H]thymidine in the macrophage cultures and proved to be resistant in the mouse footpad. The macrophage culture system provides a sensitive, rapid screening method for the early diagnosis of DDS resistance. PMID- 7044300 TI - Mode of action of the biotin antimetabolites actithiazic acid and alpha methyldethiobiotin. AB - Actithiazic acid and alpha-methyldethiobiotin inhibited the conversion of dethiobiotin to biotin resting-cell suspensions of Escherichia coli. The concentrations which effected 50% inhibition were 0.45 and 1.1 microM for actithiazic acid and alpha-methyldethiobiotin, respectively. Cells grown in low concentrations of the two biotin antimetabolites showed derepression of the biotin A operon, as evidenced by the enhanced levels of the enzymes 7,8 diaminopelargonic acid aminotransferase and dethiobiotin synthetase. Derepression was not due to any direct regulatory effect of the antibiotics but was the consequence of the inhibition of the biotin synthetase enzyme; this inhibition prevented the intracellular concentration of biotin from reaching the levels required for normal regulation of the biotin A operon. PMID- 7044301 TI - Mice with persistent gastrointestinal Candida albicans as a model for antifungal therapy. AB - Persistent infection of the gastrointestinal tract of CFW mice with Candida albicans was produced by the oral-intragastric inoculation of 6-day-old infants. Other intraabdominal organs (liver, kidneys, and spleen) were usually free of the organism in survivors at 20 days of age. However, all survivors retained high levels of the organism in the stomach and intestinal tract at 30 days of age. The possible utility of these persisting C. albicans infections of the gastrointestinal tract for the study of the efficacy of short-term antifungal therapy was studied. Drug treatment was initiated for a 2-week period when the survivors were 15 to 19 days old. Some representative antifungal agents in current use (i.e., amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, and miconazole) effected significant reductions in the numbers of C. albicans in homogenates of gastrointestinal organs. PMID- 7044302 TI - Relative avidity of etruscomycin to cholesterol and ergosterol. AB - Two methods, biological and spectroscopic, were used to determine the avidity of the polyene antibiotic Etruscomycin for cholesterol and ergosterol. The biological method consisted of measuring the inhibitory potency of both sterols on the Etruscomycin-induced damage to erythrocytes and fungi. The spectroscopic method consisted of recording of series of differential spectra in a number of solvents of different composition. The results obtained showed that cholesterol protected erythrocytes and candida albicans against the damaging action of Etruscomycin more efficiently than ergosterol did and that Etruscomycin cholesterol complexes were more resistant to interruption by organic solvents than Etruscomycin-ergosterol complexes. These results and their comparison with the results obtained with other polyene antibiotics indicate that Etruscomycin resembles filipin in that it binds more avidly to cholesterol than to ergosterol. This implies that the length of the hydrophobic chain rather than the presence of the amino sugar determines sterol preference. The spectral method that we used can have general application for the quantitative measurement of complex formation between polyenes and sterols. PMID- 7044303 TI - Evidence for a chromosomal site specifying amikacin resistance in multiresistant Serratia marcescens. AB - We studied 21 strains of amikacin-resistant Serratia marcescens from three different U.S. cities, Twenty of the 21 strains contained conjugative R plasmids mediating gentamicin and tobramycin resistance. Amikacin-resistant S. marcescens from two cities predominated in protracted outbreaks. Conversely, the amikacin resistant Charleston strain (serotype 02/03:nonmotile) was isolated from only four patients during an outbreak of gentamicin- and tobramycin resistant, amikacin-susceptible S. marcescens (serotype O19:O17). Five different representative amikacin-resistant S. marcescens, each containing a single conjugative plasmid, elaborated a nontransferable aminoglycoside (6')-N acetyltransferase [AAC(6')] with similar substrate profiles in addition to other transferable aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. One amikacin-resistant S. marcescens cured of its plasmid and another naturally occurring plasmid-free amikacin-resistant S. marcescens elaborated only AAC(6')-1. These data support the concept of a chromosomal locus in S. marcescens for AAC(6')-1 which commonly coexists with plasmid-mediated genes for aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. PMID- 7044304 TI - Fosfomycin resistance plasmids do not affect fosfomycin transport into Escherichia coli. AB - Escherichia coli cells carrying fosfomycin resistance plasmids were able to take up fosfomycin from the medium to the same extent as plasmid-free bacteria. The antibiotic entered the plasmid-harboring cells by means of the glpT and uhp transport systems, as is the case with susceptible bacteria. Active fosfomycin could be detected in soluble extracts of cells which had previously been incubated in the presence of the antibiotic. Furthermore, fosfomycin resistance plasmids did not confer on E. coli cells resistance to the novel antibiotic FR 31564, which is incorporated by the same transport systems as fosfomycin. We conclude that, in contrast to chromosomal resistance mutants, altered transport does not play a role in the plasmid-encoded fosfomycin resistance mechanism. PMID- 7044305 TI - Effect of NaCl on kinetics of D-glucosamine uptake in yeasts differing in halotolerance. AB - The initial rate of D-glucosamine uptake by the non-halotolerant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was approximately halved as the apparent half saturation constant (Km) and the apparent maximum velocity (Vmax) changed from 6.6 mM to 16.4 mM and from 22 mumol.g-1.min-1 to 16 mumol.g-1.min-1, respectively, when the salinity in the medium was increased from zero M to 0.68 M NaCl. Corresponding changes in a high affinity transport system in the halotolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii were from 1.1 mM to 4.6 mM and from 3.1 mumol.g-1.min-1 to 4.5 mumol.g-1.min-1, implying a practically unchanged transport capacity. In 2.7 M NaCl, Km and Vmax in this system were 24.5 mM and 1.1 mumol.g-1.min-1, respectively, representing a marked decrease in transport capability. Nevertheless, the degree of affinity in this extreme salinity must still be regarded as noteworthy. In addition to the high affinity transport system in D. hansenii, a low affinity system, presumably without relevance in D-glucosamine transport, was observed. PMID- 7044306 TI - Genetic and biochemical characterization of an Escherichia coli K-12 mutant with an altered outer membrane protein. AB - The properties of an Escherichia coli K-12 mutant are described which seemingly produces a "new" major outer membrane protein with an apparent molecular weight of 40 000. This 40K protein was purified and its cyanogen bromide (CNBr) fragments were compared with those of several known major outer membrane proteins. A similarity was found between the CNBr fragments of the 40K protein and those of the OmpF protein (molecular weight 37 000). In addition, the 40K protein was found to be regulated exactly like the OmpF protein, and the mutation which causes the production of the 40K protein has been localized in (or very close to) the ompF gene. It is concluded that the 40K protein is a mutant form of the OmpF protein. The results provide additional evidence that the ompF gene at minute 21 is the structural gene for the OmpF protein. PMID- 7044307 TI - Rapid tests for esculin hydrolysis by anaerobic bacteria. AB - Esculin hydrolysis is one of the biochemical tests used in the identification of anaerobic microorganisms. The conventional method by use of growing microbial cells requires 24-48 hours of incubation. On the other hand, growth independent methods like the buffered esculin test, the spot test, and the PathoTec strip test utilize the presence of constitutive enzymes and, therefore, yield results in 1-4 hours. A total of 817 anaerobic organisms were used in this study to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the three rapid methods. All three rapid methods gave excellent correlation with the standard conventional method. Over 99% of the organisms gave comparable results with the spot test and the buffered esculin test within one hour; the PathoTec strip test required up to 4 hours. The former two were not only more rapid but also more economical than the PathoTec strip test. PMID- 7044308 TI - Evaluation of cell lines and immunofluorescence and plaque assay procedures for quantifying reoviruses in sewage. AB - Twelve continuous cell lines were tested to determine their sensitivity to reovirus types 1, 2, and 3 isolated from sewage. Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK), rhesus monkey kidney (LLC-MK2), and human embryonic intestinal (intestinal 407) cells were most sensitive, respectively. In a similar study, MDBK cells were more sensitive than LLC-MK2 and Buffalo green monkey kidney (BGM) cells to sewage-isolated, protamine-precipitated reoviruses which had not been serotyped and had no previous cell contact. Sewage-isolated, protamine precipitated reoviruses were also used in conjunction with MDBK cells in a comparative evaluation of immunofluorescent cell count and plaque assay procedures. The immunofluorescence assay is more sensitive and more rapid than the plaque assay. Reoviruses in excess of 10(4)/liter of raw sewage were detected by the immunofluorescent cell count assay. PMID- 7044309 TI - Comparison of four membrane filter methods for fecal coliform enumeration. AB - Four membrane filter methods fecal coliform enumeration were evaluated and compared in six laboratories based on determination of accuracy, specificity, upper counting limit, and recovery comparability. Recovery accuracy with pure cultures ranged from 89 to 100% for m-FC, mTEC (a procedure developed for thermotolerant Escherichia coli), and m-FC2 methods (the latter incorporating a 2 h, 35 degrees C resuscitation period), but was less than 60% for the MacConkey membrane broth method. These figures dropped by approximately 40 to 55% when the cultures were subjected to temperature (10 degrees C) stress. Close to 800 colonies were verified to determine specificity. False-positive colonies occurred most frequently with the m-FC2 method (18%), whereas false-negative colonies were most common on MacConkey membrane broth (26%). In counting range experiments using a variety of samples, the highest upper counting limit was 130 colonies per filter with the mTEC procedure. Recovery comparisons were based on over 130 samples including raw surface waters, raw sewage, and chlorinated and unchlorinated sewage effluents. In general, recoveries were significantly higher with the m-FC2 and mTEC methods; however, on m-FC2, growth of nontarget background organisms was also higher in most cases. Highest recoveries from chlorinated sewage effluents were obtained by the mTEC method, and the addition of a similar resuscitation period to the m-FC procedure (m-FC2) improved fecal coliform recovery from such samples. The best overall performance for fecal coliform enumeration was obtained with the mTEC method with high recovery and low levels of background colonies, good specificity and accuracy, and a high upper counting limit. This procedure also offers the advantage of enumerating E. coli within 24 h. PMID- 7044310 TI - Inhibition of Clostridium botulinum by antioxidants, phenols, and related compounds. AB - A total of 75 compounds, including antioxidants, preservatives, gallic acid and p hydroxybenzoic acid esters, hydroquinones, hydroxyquinolines, phenol derivatives, and related compounds, were screened for their antibotulinal activity in prereduced Thiotone-yeast extract-glucose broth. The most effective inhibitors of Clostridium botulinum growth and toxin production were long-chain esters of p hydroxybenzoic acid and gallic acid, antioxidants, and butylphenol derivatives. The antioxidant nordihydroguaiaretic acid at 100 microgram/ml delayed the growth and toxin production for the entire incubation period (7 days). Other antioxidants, such as butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, and tert-butylhydroquinone were also very effective (at 200 to 400 microgram/ml) for the inhibition of C. botulinum growth and toxin production. Toxin was detected, although no detectable growth was found by daily absorbance measurements, in the prereduced medium containing 50 to 400 microgram of 8-hydroxyquinoline, pentylphenol, tert-pentylphenol, 3,5-ditert-butylphenol, 3,5-ditert butylcatechol, (2-hydroxydiphenyl)methane, or (4-hydroxydiphenyl)methane per ml. PMID- 7044311 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for detection of Salmonellae in foods. AB - An enzyme immunoassay was developed to detect Salmonella in foods. Indirect test protocols were developed for use with microtitration plates or Gilford microcuvettes. Samples from enrichment cultures were mixed with H-specific immunoglobulin G and allowed to react; unbound antibody was removed by three 5 min centrifugation washes; goat anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to alkaline phosphatase was added and allowed to react; and unbound conjugate was removed by centrifugation washing as before. Salmonella-positive samples were indicated by the production of a chromogenic reaction product after the addition of alkaline phosphatase substrate. The color could be read visually or quantified by absorbance. Ninety-eight food samples were examined to compare the enzyme immunoassay with enrichment serology, immunofluorescence, and the Food and Drug Administration pure culture technique. The enzyme immunoassay was sensitive and specific, and it possessed advantages over methods currently in use. Furthermore, when the enzyme immunoassay was used to screen preenrichment media, the results indicated that it might be decidedly more sensitive than the conventional pure culture technique. PMID- 7044312 TI - Effects of Clostridium botulinum toxins on infant and adult mice. AB - Toxic supernatants of many Clostridium botulinum type B isolates from various sources, especially those of isolates obtained from cases of infant botulism, appeared to more toxic in infant mice than in adult mice. The significance of this finding in diagnostic situations is discussed. PMID- 7044313 TI - Further distinguishing properties of mitochondrial and microsomal glycerophosphate acyltransferase and the transmembrane location of the mitochondrial enzyme. PMID- 7044314 TI - Stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in adipocytes by oxytocin: evidence for mediation of the insulin-like effect by endogenous hydrogen peroxide independent of glucose transport. PMID- 7044315 TI - Limited proteolysis of liver and muscle aldolases: effects of subtilisin, cathepsin B, and Staphylococcus aureus protease. PMID- 7044316 TI - Insulin degradation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: role of the endocytic lysosomal pathway. PMID- 7044317 TI - The inhibition of hexose transport and metabolism by small amounts of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in isolated rat adipocytes. PMID- 7044318 TI - Morbilliform eruption in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 7044319 TI - [Breast carcinoma with multinucleated reactive stromal giant cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044320 TI - Experience with a modified Witzel gastrostomy without gastropexy. AB - The records of 161 adult patients who underwent a modification of the Witzel gastrostomy without gastropexy at Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, between 1977 and 1980, are reviewed in detail and form the basis of this report. Six of these patients had gastrostomies on two different occasions. There was no mortality or major complication directly attributed to the procedure in this group of patients. Technical details are examined and considered most important in preventing intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal leak of gastric contents and migration of the catheter, the most commonly found complications of other techniques. Anterior gastropexy is considered unnecessary, thus simplifying the operation and eliminating gastric deformity and other related problems. The liberal indications of this procedure are discussed, and potential areas of technical pitfalls are reviewed. The personal experience of one of the authors (EMB) with 774 gastrostomies during a 15-year period using this technique confirms these conclusions. A random sample of 200 records of these patients were examined for complications of the operation. This study suggests that tube gastrostomy by the technique described is a reliable and safe procedure with wide applicability for patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. The relatively few complications are more than compensated for by the degree to which postoperative comfort and care are facilitated. PMID- 7044321 TI - Pulmonary infection complicating intra-abdominal sepsis: clinical and experimental observations. AB - Pulmonary infection complicating intra-abdominal abscess is a major clinical problem. One hundred and forty-three patients with abdominal abscesses were reviewed; 41 had associated pneumonia by strictly defined criteria. The causative organisms for the pneumonia were Pseudomonas (35), Klebsiella (20), and Enterobacter (16), while abdominal infections were caused by Escherichia coli (22), Klebsiella (21), and Enterococcus (18). The temporal and bacteriologic relationship between the abdominal and pulmonary infection suggested that decreased pulmonary host defenses might be operative in the high incidence of pneumonia observed. An experimental model for intra-abdominal abscess was created using cecal ligation in the rat. Animals with an abdominal abscess had a marked depression of their ability to clear E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa that were injected into the airway. Macrophages from infected animals did not differ in quantity or viability when compared with those in control animals. The ability to ingest bacteria appeared to be normal or enhanced in infected animals, but there was a significant decrease in the ability of the macrophage to kill the ingested organisms. Such macrophage defects may be partially responsible for the infected animals' inability to clear bacteria in a normal manner. PMID- 7044322 TI - The antimalarial activity of N-benzyl-oxydihydrotriazines. III. The activity of 4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1-(2,4,5,-trichloropropyloxy)-1,3,5-triazine hydrobromide (BRL 51084) and hydrochloride (BRL 6231). PMID- 7044323 TI - Gametocytogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro: ultrastructural observations on the lethal action of chloroquine. PMID- 7044324 TI - Treatment of human tungiasis with niridazole (Ambilhar) a double-blind placebo controlled trial. PMID- 7044325 TI - The antimalarial activity of N-benzyl-oxydihydrotriazines. IV. The development of resistance to BRL 6231 (4,6-diamino-1,2-dihyydro-2-,2-dimethyl-1-(2,4,5 trichloropropyloxy)-1,3,5 triazine hydrochloride) by Plasmodium berghei. PMID- 7044327 TI - [Immunostimulating properties of an extract isolated from Aloe vahombe. 2. Protection in mice by fraction F1 against infections by Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia pestis, Candida albicans and Plasmodium berghei]. AB - A partially purified extract of leaves of Aloe vahombe, a plant endemic in the south of Madagascar, administered intravenously to mice, protects them against infection of bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia pestis), parasites (Plasmodium berghei) and fungus (Candida albicans). The protective fraction must be administered two days before inoculation of the pathogenic agent. These results significantly confirm those we obtained in earlier study on mice infection by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Currently we are testing the protective action of the purified extract on the experimental development of sarcomas, and we are in the process of analysing the mode of action of this non specific immunostimulant. PMID- 7044326 TI - Pressurized rapid cardioplegia versus administration of exogenous substrate and topical hypothermia. AB - Five hundred fifty-nine patients undergoing aortocoronary operation were analyzed retrospectively according to the type of myocardial protection implemented during the period of ischemia. In Group 1 (253 patients), a rapid method of hypothermic cardioplegia alone was utilized. In Group 2 (306 patients), slower infusion of the same solution with topical hypothermia was implemented. Cardiac isoenzymes (CPK-MB, LDH1, LDH2, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT]) and myocardial infarct index (MII) were measured postoperatively for 48 hours. Immediately after operation, a significant difference was found between Groups 1 and 2 in the CPK-MB isoenzyme mean value levels--12.1 versus 18.6 IU, p less than 0.01--and MII mean values--5.2 versus 8.1, p less than 0.01. CPK-MB variances between subgroups receiving two, three, and four grafts were significantly different in favor of Group 1. Differences were also found in LDH1, LDH2, total lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and SGOT: Group 2 levels were significantly higher than in Group 1. There were ten intraoperative infarctions in Group 2 and none in Group 1. In 45% of the patients in Group 2, inotropic agents were necessary in the postoperative period versus none in Group 1. Spontaneous cardiac rhythm following ischemia occurred in 89.7% of the patients in group 1 versus 29% in Group 2. A method of pressurized high-flow rapid cardioplegia with intermittent reperfusions alone, seems to provide adequate protection of the myocardium during ischemia over a slower low-flow method of infusion combined with topical hypothermia. PMID- 7044328 TI - [Study of the reservoir of intestinal bilharziasis in Ampefy. Treatment of 159 children with oxamniquine]. PMID- 7044329 TI - [Evidence for a non-specific immunostimulating effect on anti-rabies vaccine of the Fermi type on the Klebsiella pneumoniae system - mice]. PMID- 7044330 TI - Adverse effects of diagnostic tests. A study of the quality of reporting. AB - Information about the risks of diagnostic tests is incomplete, and its quality has not been studied. A set of criteria was devised and applied to 434 published reports to assess the quality of data about supposed adverse effects associated with 25 diagnostic procedures. Using these criteria, authors' conclusions concerning types of sequelae were supported by published findings in only 41% of reports. Information regarding frequency of these risks was upheld in 20%. Sound clinical judgment requires more dependable data than are presently available. PMID- 7044331 TI - Mycobacterial infections in renal transplant recipients. Seven cases and a review of the literature. AB - During an 11-year period, 1,069 patients received renal allografts at the University of Minnesota Hospital, Minneapolis, and infections developed in seven (0.65%) due to mycobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M kansasii). The primary infection was in joint or subcutaneous tissue in six patients and pulmonary (miliary) in one. Infections in joint or skin shared common features regardless of the species of Mycobacterium and usually mimicked acute pyogenic bacterial infection; all responded to antimycobacterial drugs. The clinical manifestations in our patient in miliary tuberculosis were compared with those of 19 other patients described in the literature. Although their systemic manifestations were more severe, the symptoms were often ill-defined and the diagnosis overlooked. Five of these 20 patients (25%) died of uncontrolled infection. PMID- 7044332 TI - The efficient workup of suspected lung cancer. AB - The triage process of patients with suspected cancer of the lung is reviewed, paying particular attention to areas of inefficiency and delay. Most patients with suspected lung cancer are inoperable and can be triaged on presentation. The efficient workup involves confirmation of diagnosis and simultaneous determination of stage and operative status. The physician should search for common sites of metastatic spread, with pragmatic use of biopsies and scans. From the outset, the physician should also pay special attention to the patient's functional status, attitude toward possible surgery, and cardiopulmonary status, with the goal of quickly directing each patient to proper therapy. PMID- 7044333 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy. Pretreatment medical evaluation. PMID- 7044334 TI - [Fusafungin: tolerance and mode of action]. PMID- 7044335 TI - [Mechanical ventilation in adult respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 7044336 TI - [Fructose tolerance and insulin response of swine following massive intravenous fructose loading]. PMID- 7044337 TI - [Properties of Shigellae relevant to food hygiene]. PMID- 7044338 TI - [The tumour-tetanus phenomenon as a basis for computation of cell kinetic parameters of tumour growth (author's transl)]. AB - A verbal description of a mathematical model is given which theoretically explains the basis of the biological specificity of the tumour-tetanus phenomenon. The main postulate of the model concerns a mitosis-controlled clostridial growth. It is based on the experimental and mathematical demonstration that clostridia are stimulated by the dividing tumour cells. In particular, we have shown that the parameters which describe the kinetics of the pacemaker cells of the host can be deduced from the experimental tetanus lethality curves of the animals. Using these mathematical parameters one obtains stimulated curves which excellently fit the experimental test results. The pacemaker mechanism is the prerequisite of a specific clostridium-tumour assay utilizing serological methods with atoxic non-oncolytic clostridial strains as test microbes. PMID- 7044339 TI - Short-term tests in assessment of cancer risks and in primary prevention of occupational cancer. AB - Screening and testing of chemicals for carcinogenic potency are parts of toxicological test programs and of efforts in primary cancer prevention. At present evidence of carcinogenicity of a chemical can be obtained from epidemiological studies or from long-term bioassays in mammals. Suggestive evidence may derive from results obtained in short-term tests. This is an additional but important information, in some cases it may be the only one we have up to now. Short-term tests do not have in vivo induction of tumors in animals as an endpoint. Their basis are interactions of the chemicals tested (metabolites) with cellular macromolecules. The main types of short-term tests used at present include: Mutagenesis assays with bacteria, mammalian cells, yeasts and moulds, with Drosophila and with whole mammals, transformation assays of cells in vitro, assays of DNA-damage and repair and of cytogenetic damage. Using test-batteries is recommended in order to minimize "false"-negative and/or "false"-positive results. Sensitivity, specificity and prediction value are important criteria of short-term tests. The results obtained may be influenced by metabolic activation/deactivation. Qualitative correlations in the order of 90% or more are being reported between results of at least some short-term tests and results from long-term bioassays. The existence also of quantitative correlations is still under discussion. Short-term tests are applied in different fields of risk assessment and prevention of health hazards. However up to now the conclusive demonstration that a chemical is a carcinogen still requires a significant induction of tumors in vivo. PMID- 7044340 TI - The cholinolytic biperiden in depression. An acute placebo controlled study. AB - Clinical and experimental work indicates that cholinergic functions might play a role in modulating affectivity in man. In this acute double-blind study either the cholinolytic agent biperiden or placebo infusions were administered to six depressed females. The Janke and Debus self-rating questionnaire (EWL-K), the modified Hamilton depression scale (HAM-D), and the Montgomery and Asberg depression scale (MADRS) were used for documentation of psychopathological change. There was an acute antidepressant effect during infusion of the active drug in comparison to placebo as measured on the global MADRS and EWL-K, but not on the modified HAM-D. Single items such as depressed mood, work and interests (HAM-D), sadness, concentration difficulties, inability to feel (MADR-S), and depressiveness (EWL-K) responded selectively and significantly to the biperiden infusion. It is concluded that cholinergic activity might be involved in the regulation of affectivity in man. PMID- 7044341 TI - [Diagnostic reliability and validity of the PSE/CATEGO-system (author's transl)]. AB - An unselected series of 100 psychiatric inpatient admissions were interviewed at admission by a psychiatrist using the German version of the PSE (Present State Examination), with a second psychiatrist as an observer. The diagnostic agreement between the two project psychiatrists was considerably higher than the agreement between clinicians and CATEGO, a computerised diagnostic system based on PSE data. The disagreements are discussed. PMID- 7044342 TI - Acute renal artery occlusion: the role of collateral circulation. AB - It is not known if no when the probability of success is sufficient to warrant emergency revascularization of acute renal artery occlusion. This probability depends on the ability of collateral circulation to maintain viability. The role of collateral circulation in maintaining renal viability during six and 48 hours of renal artery occlusion has been studied in mongrel dogs. Collateral circulation is sufficient to maintain renal viability beyond the three hours of warm complete ischemia known to cause infarction. It is not sufficient to prevent progressive loss of renal function. Hypertension frequently results. Emergency revascularization of acute bilateral renal artery occlusion, therefore, is indicated. It is not indicated for unilateral occlusion with adequate contralateral function because of the high probability of resulting hypertension. PMID- 7044343 TI - A decade of surgery in Canada, England and Wales, and the United States. AB - Between 1966 and 1976, overall surgical rates in Canada remained relatively unchanged and consistently 60% higher than those in England and Wales. Overall United States rates were the highest of the three countries and increased 25% over the ten years. Numbers of surgeons per capita increased in both Canada and England and Wales but overall surgical rates in the two operative rates increased. During the decade, Canada had more hospital beds per capita than the United States while England and Wales had the fewest. Since 1970, the percentage of gross national product spent on health care has been greatest in the United States, intermediate in Canada, and lowest in England and Wales. These expenditures may better reflect national priorities and value and, thus be more important than per capita numbers of hospital beds or surgeons in explaining the cross-national difference in rates of surgery. PMID- 7044344 TI - [Current status of the problem of the pathogenesis of sepsis]. AB - The current concepts on the pathogenesis of sepsis are considered mainly from the point of view of host-microorganism interaction. The authors emphasize the conditionality of these concepts in terms of their considerable hypothetic nature and the lack of strictly scientific proofs. In their opinion, the problem may be solved by wider application of the currently available physiological, immunological, bacteriological, morphological, and other methods of investigation. It should be expected that the use of this complex of methods will first of all provide comprehensive information on the interaction of microorganisms with various physiological systems of the host in their exact qualitative and quantitative expressions. PMID- 7044345 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in the nerve endings in the large intestine mucosa in Sonne dysentery]. AB - Biopsies of the large intestine of patients with dysentery due to Shigella sonnei were examined. Electron microscopy examinations showed changes in nerve endings in the stroma of the mucous membrane to correlate with the intensity of general histopathological lesions in it. Changes in the nervous apparatus may be of reversible, structural-functional nature in mild cases of the disease or become irreversible in the structures providing transformation and transmission of the nervous signal in synaptic parts of neurites. PMID- 7044346 TI - [Origin of the tumor cells in lymphogranulomatosis]. AB - Tumor cells in lymphogranulomatosis include Hodgkin's cells, Berezovsky Shternberg cells and variants thereof representing a single population characterized by aneuploidy, polyploidy, and marker chromosomes. All cells of this clone are capable of DNA synthesis and mitotic division. As the disease progresses, the number of tumor cells increases gradually. Their origin is still obscure. The hypotheses of their origin from B-lymphocytes because of the presence in them of cytoplasmic and surface immunoglobulins and also from macrophages because cells of tissue culture from tumor nodes were found to have nonspecific esterase, lysozyme, capacity for phagocytosis seem to be substantiated. PMID- 7044347 TI - [Pathological anatomy of congenital hypotrophy]. AB - The problems of etiology, pathogenesis, pathological anatomy, classification, and incidence of congenital hypotrophy in newborn babies are considered. Reduction in body weight and height of the newborns with congenital hypotrophy, weight of internal organs, developmental retardation, as well as dysplastic, atropic, and compensatory-adaptative processes are regularly observed. The intensity of these manifestations of congenital hypotrophy in newborn babies depends on the duration and potency of the prenatal effect of the pathogenic factors. PMID- 7044348 TI - Frequency of the bacterium Streptococcus mutans in the saliva of selected human populations. AB - Stimulated saliva was transported from the mouth to a selective substrate, MSB agar, with a wooden spatula. School children, aged 7-15, military recruits, aged 19-21, and a group of refugees from Vietnam were investigated. 10-15 per cent, in one exceptional case 35 per cent of the sampled school children had no detectable Strep. mutans, whereas about 20 per cent had very high numbers. The recruits were slightly more infected, and the refugees heavily infected. High numbers of Strep. mutans in saliva indicate a high-caries risk. PMID- 7044349 TI - The normal flora of the mouths of macropods (Marsupialia: macropodidae). AB - From swabs obtained from the mouths of 59 captive macropods and cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and fungi, the most frequent isolates were streptococci and aerobic Gram-negative rods. Other isolates, in order of diminishing frequency, were Gram-positive non-sporulating rods and filaments, staphylococci/micrococci, aerobic Gram-negative cocci, fungi, anaerobic Gram positive cocci, anaerobic Gram-negative rods and filaments, species of Bacillus and Clostridium, and membranes of the Simonsiellaceae. No anaerobic Gram-negative cocci were isolated, and spirochaetes were seen only in one animal with periodontal pockets. Smears of material from the mouths of 5 wild wallabies showed organisms resembling those found in the captive animals. PMID- 7044350 TI - The production of bacteriocin-like substances by the oral bacterium Streptococcus salivarius. AB - Inhibitory substances produced by six strains of Streptococcus salivarius were isolated and partially characterized. The six prototype producer strains were selected initially on the basis of their differing spectra of inhibitory activity when tested against a set of nine standard indicator strains. Optimal production conditions were defined for each producer strain and inhibitor-containing extracts were obtained for characterization studies. All of the inhibitors appeared to be proteinaceous substances of molecular weight greater than 3500. When tested against a Streptococcus pyogenes indicator strain, one of the inhibitors was bactericidal, but the other five appeared to be bacteriostatic. Some differences between the inhibitors were observed with respect to heat and enzyme sensitivities. PMID- 7044351 TI - Timolol and epinephrine: long-term evaluation of concurrent administration. AB - Thirty-two ocular hypertensive subjects were treated for 90 days with either 0.5% timolol maleate or 2% epinephrine hydrochloride twice daily to one eye and both drugs to the fellow eye. The ocular hypotensive effects of timolol and epinephrine were partially additive throughout the course of this study. On the 91st day, eyes treated with epinephrine had a 25.8% mean reduction of intraocular pressure from baseline, whereas their fellow eyes treated with epinephrine and timolol had a 33.9% reduction. Eyes treated with timolol had a 27.2% mean reduction of IOP, whereas fellow eyes treated with timolol and epinephrine had a 29% reduction. These results suggest that the majority of patients being treated with either drug are unlikely to have a substantial long-term reduction in IOP when the other drug is added to their therapeutic regimen. PMID- 7044352 TI - Prolongation of the retinal mean circulation time in diabetes. AB - Retinal mean circulation time (MCT) and vascular sizes were measured in 21 normal individuals and 32 individuals with diabetes, and segmental blood flow (SBF) was calculated. The MCT was similar in the normal individuals (4.0 +/- 1.1 s) and the individuals with diabetes (4.2 +/- 1.9 s) when seven individuals with diabetes with prolonged but not quantifiable MCT were excluded. Including them by nonparametric statistics revealed that MCT was significantly longer in individuals with diabetes with proliferative retinopathy than in normal individuals or in individuals with diabetes with nonproliferative retinopathy. The prolonged MCT correlated significantly with advanced retinopathy as judged by leakage, neovascularization, and the need for photocoagulation therapy. Reduced SBF may account for the prolonged MCT, since the increase in vascular sizes observed failed to do so. However, pathologic vascular changes may alter the relation between SBF and MCT. Irrespective of implications about SBF, prolonged MCT, which indicates marked circulatory disturbance, represents an important new observation in diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 7044353 TI - Refractive keratoplasty: microkeratome evaluation. AB - We performed routine microkeratome and freehand lamellar keratectomies in 65 canine eyes and 24 human eye-bank eyes. The microkeratome technique produced more predictable resections compared with the freehand technique and at the same time produced a wound that would allow for better wound coaptation. Neither technique damaged the corneal endothelium. We conclude that one of the reasons for the success of the refractive keratoplasty procedures is the refined microkeratome technique. PMID- 7044354 TI - Medical therapy for experimental hypotony. AB - Experimental hypotony was induced in rhesus monkeys by the following procedures: ciliochoroidal detachment, retinal detachment, or cyclodialysis. Two days later, at the time of greatest hypotony, 10% methacholine chloride was deposited in the cornea by iontophoresis, and 0.25% physostigmine salicylate ointment was applied topically to each eye. The intraocular pressure rose to normal levels in all eyes for eight to 24 hours. The peak rise in IOP occurred one to four hours after drug administration and was 7.2, 6.8, and 11.3 mm Hg higher than the pretreatment levels in eyes with ciliochoroidal detachment, retinal detachment, and cyclodialysis, respectively. In a group of normal eyes, this drug combination caused a transient 5.7 mm Hg fall in IOP. The mechanism of pressure elevation by methacholine and physostigmine probably is caused by stimulation of aqueous humor formation or reduced uveoscleral outflow, or both. PMID- 7044355 TI - Correlation of postoperative ear canal volumes with obliteration material and with volume of operation cavity. AB - In this study the preoperative and early and late postoperative volumes of ear canals of 131 operated chronic ears were measured by filling the ear canals with saline solution. The ears were operated on using the Palva method of obliteration of the operative cavity and reconstruction of the ear canal after removing the posterior, bony canal wall at operation. The average preoperative ear canal volume (V0) was 0.8 ml, the early postoperative volume (V1) was 1.0 ml, and the late postoperative volume (V2) was 1.2 ml. There was significantly more widening of the volume of the ear canals in the ears with a larger (greater than 7 ml) operation cavity as compared to ears with smaller (3-7 ml) operation cavity (p less than 0.05). Widening of the ear canals was smaller in the 12 ears with obliteration of the surgical cavity with musculoperiosteal flap and anorganic bone (Ossar) as compared to the 119 ears obliterated with musculoperiosteal flap only, but the difference was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). PMID- 7044356 TI - Pars plana vitrectomy. PMID- 7044357 TI - Residual pancreatic function in insulin dependent diabetics. AB - The relative contributions of alpha and residual beta cell function and the presence of insulin binding antibodies to indices of glucose control have been assessed in a group of 44 patients with insulin dependent disease of variable duration. Residual beta cell secretion was detected in 18 patients (40%) but no patient receiving insulin for more than five years showed evidence of residual function. Indices of glucose control were significantly better (p less than 0.001) in patients demonstrating residual secretion. In contrast, no relation was found between glucose control and either fasting of post prandial plasma glucagon concentrations. Insulin binding antibodies were detected in all but two patients but did not correlate with either daily insulin dose or glucose control. These results are consistent with the view that residual beta cell function contributes to improved glucose control in the yearly years of insulin dependency but alpha cell function and insulin antibodies do not. PMID- 7044358 TI - Hyperkalemia in a diabetic due to renal tubular unresponsiveness to aldosterone. PMID- 7044359 TI - Benign pleural mesothelioma with tumour-induced hypoglycaemia. PMID- 7044360 TI - Antibiotic treatment of pneumonia. PMID- 7044361 TI - A double-blind crossover study of the effect of loperamide hydrochloride and codeine phosphate on ileostomy output. AB - Loperamide hydrochloride (4 mg t.d.s.) was compared with codeine phosphate (60 mg t.d.s.) in a double blind crossover study of patients with loose output from their ileostomies. Both drugs significantly decreased the daily output and water content of ileostomy fluid. Daily losses of sodium and potassium were less when the patients were treated with loperamide. Loperamide was also associated with less side effects. It is concluded that loperamide hydrochloride was more effective in the treatment of ileostomy diarrhoea than codeine phosphate. In this group of patients those with the highest outputs from their ileostomies benefited most from this treatment. PMID- 7044362 TI - End to side micro-arterial anastomosis: a simplified technique. PMID- 7044363 TI - Evaluation of the potential of systemic slow release chemical treatments for control of the cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) using ivermectin. AB - Stall and field trials with cattle infested with various acaricide-resistant strains of cattle tick, have demonstrated the potential of ivermectin as a systemic tickicide. A dosage of 200 micrograms/kg, administered subcutaneously to animals naturally infested in the field, gave satisfactory tick control for 21 days, after an initial lag period of 2 days immediately following treatment, during which significant numbers of ticks survived. Daily subcutaneous treatments, administered so as to simulate slow release, indicated that a dosage of 15 micrograms/kg/day should give complete tick control if the chemical could be released continuously from a subcutaneous implant. The potency of ivermectin assessed by in vitro tests against engorged adults, suggests that the tickicidal activity could be associated with the parent compound per se rather than a metabolite. PMID- 7044364 TI - Isolates typed by the Salmonella Reference Laboratory and the Escherichia coli serotyping laboratory during 1980. PMID- 7044365 TI - The extraction and identification of drugs in aviation toxicology. AB - The drug screen as used in Aviation Pathology is unique in toxicological analysis in that it seeks to identify the whole range of clinical drugs at or below therapeutic levels. Recently the introduction of proteolytic enzymes has enabled more efficient extraction of drugs from tissues. The measurement of the Gas Chromatographic Retention Index can provide an important parameter in the identification of drug substances. PMID- 7044366 TI - [Daniel Gottlob Moritz Schreber--on the 175th birthday on 15 October 1981]. PMID- 7044367 TI - [Fractures and fracture healing in prehistoric and early historic times]. PMID- 7044368 TI - [Microsurgical possibilities in orthopedics]. PMID- 7044369 TI - Ca2+-uptake properties of two populations of mitochondria from normal and denervated rat soleus muscle. AB - Ultraturrax- and Nagarse-released populations of mitochondria were characterized with respect to their Ca2+-uptake activities (i) by means of the indirect polarographic technique and (ii) directly by the 45Ca Ruthenium Red-quench method of Reed & Bygrave [(1974) Biochem. J. 140, 143-155]. The denervated-muscle subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondrial fractions displayed markedly decreased rates and capacities for Ca2+ uptake compared with their respective controls. The implications of these findings with respect to the process of cell necrosis are discussed. PMID- 7044370 TI - Evidence for a close similarity in the catalytic sites of papain and ficin in near-neutral media despite differences in acidic and alkaline media. Kinetics of the reactions of papain and ficin with chloroacetate. AB - 1. The pH-dependences of the second-order rate constants (k) for the alkylation by chloroacetate of the active-centre thiol groups of papain (EC 3.4.22.2) and ficin (EC 3.4.22.3) were determined over a wide range of pH at 25 degrees C at I 0.1. 2. The main feature of both pH-k profiles is a striking rate maximum at pH6 (characterizing parameters in both cases pKI approx. 3.5, pKII approx. 8.4 and pH independent rate constant approximately kXH 2.5-3.0 M-1 . s-1). 3. The profile for the ficin reaction contains a plateau at high pH, with approximately kX 0.10 M-1 . s-1; if an analogous plateau exists in the papain reaction, approximately kX ix much lower, less than 0.02 M-1 . s-1. 4. Both enzymes appear to contain closely similar thiolate-imidazolium interactive systems at pH6, but differences in their behaviour in more-acidic media and in alkaline media suggest differences in interaction with the postulated carboxylate component of the putative catalytic triad. PMID- 7044371 TI - Purification and properties of a proteolytic enzyme from the cercariae of the human trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Skin penetration by the cercarial stage of the human trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni is mediated by the secretion of proteolytic enzymes able to digest components of mammalian connective tissues. In the present study the purification of these proteinases from cercarial homogenates is reported. The major proteinase species has a mol. wt. of approx. 25 000 and exists in monomeric form as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. This proteinase has an isoelectric point of 6.0. Studies presented here, with a variety of substrates and inhibitors, confirm previous claims that these proteinases belong to the serine class, and, in addition, suggest that they resemble the vertebrate chymotrypsins rather than trypsins or elastases. However, the amino acid composition of the cercarial proteinase differs significantly from bovine chymotrypsin and from the human leucocyte chymotrypsin-like cathepsin G. The amino-acid-composition differences between these proteinases are consistent with their differences in isoelectric point. In order to obtain an insight into the role of the proteinase in skin penetration, its activity on cartilage proteoglycan monomers and on the isolated peptide backbone of proteoglycan was studied. The results of the present study indicate that the cercarial enzyme catalyses a limited specific digestion of the peptide core. PMID- 7044372 TI - L-trans-Epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido(4-guanidino)butane (E-64) and its analogues as inhibitors of cysteine proteinases including cathepsins B, H and L. AB - 1. L-trans-Epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido(4-guanidino)butane (E-64) at a concentration of 0.5 mM had no effect on the serine proteinases plasma kallikrein and leucocyte elastase or the metalloproteinases thermolysin and clostridial collagenase. In contrast, 10 muM-E-64 rapidly inactivated the cysteine proteinases cathepsins B, H and L and papain (t0.5 = 0.1-17.3s). The streptococcal cysteine proteinase reacted much more slowly, and there was no irreversible inactivation of clostripain. The cysteine-dependent exopeptidase dipeptidyl peptidase I was very slowly inactivated by E-64. 2. the active-site-directed nature of the interaction of cathepsin B and papain with E-64 was established by protection of the enzyme in the presence of the reversible competitive inhibitor leupeptin and by the stereospecificity for inhibition by the L as opposed to the D compound. 3. It was shown that the rapid stoichiometric reaction of the cysteine proteinases related to papain can be used to determine the operational molarity of solutions of the enzymes and thus to calibrate rate assays. 4. The apparent second-order rate constants for the inactivation of human cathepsins B and H and rat cathepsin L by a series of structural analogues of E-64 are reported, and compared with those for some other active-site-directed inhibitors of cysteine proteinases. 5. L trans-Epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido(3-methyl)butane (Ep-475) was found to inhibit cathepsins B and L more rapidly than E-64. 6. Fumaryl-leucylamido(3-methyl)butane (Dc-11) was 100-fold less reactive than the corresponding epoxide, but was nevertheless about as effective as iodoacetate. PMID- 7044373 TI - Degradation of myofibrillar proteins by trypsin-like serine proteinases. AB - The effects of the Ca2+-activated cysteine proteinase, the rat trypsin-like serine proteinase and bovine trypsin on myofibrillar proteins from rabbit skeletal muscle are compared. 2. Myofibrils that had been treated at neutral pH with the Ca2+-dependent proteinase and with the rat enzyme were (a) analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and (b) examined in the electron microscope. Treatment with each proteinase resulted in the loss of the Z-discs, but the rat enzyme caused much more extensive disruption of the ultrastructure and degraded more of the myofibrillar proteins. 3. Purified F actin was almost totally resistant to the proteinases, whereas G-actin was degraded by the rat trypsin-like proteinase at a rate approx. 15 times faster than was obtained with bovine trypsin. 4. Similar results were obtained with alpha-actinin, whereas tropomyosin was degraded more readily by bovine trypsin than by the rat trypsin-like proteinase. 5. The implications of these findings for the non-lysosomal breakdown of myofibrillar proteins in vivo are considered. PMID- 7044374 TI - The molecular biology of the mitochondrion. PMID- 7044375 TI - Chiroptical properties of chlorophyll-protein complexes separated on Deriphat/polyacrylamide gel. AB - Circular dichroism (c.d.) was measured for four chlorophyll-protein complexes, resolved from sodium dodecyl sulphate extracts of chloroplasts by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel containing Deriphat 160 (disodium N-dodecyl beta imidopropionate), a zwitterionic detergent. The slowest-band (1) complex was found to be identical with the complex CP1 as found on electrophoresis in the presence of anion detergent, but it was in a much higher yield (30% of the chlorophyll a). In band-2 and -3 protein complexes a c.d. pattern described for the complex CP2 could be recognized. Another c.d. component of a split-exciton type with extrema at 680 (-) and 669 (+)nm, together with evidence of disorganized chlorophyll, was found in band-2, -3 and -4 complexes. When a barley (Hordeum vulgare) mutant lacking chlorophyll b was examined, only bands 1 and 4 were obtained, and the c.d. of the band-4 complex was much less affected by disorganized chlorophyll. C.D. spectra resembling that of this band-4 complex could be generated by subtracting the c.d. of complex CP1 from the c.d. of photochemically active mutant chloroplast fragments, or by subtracting the c.d. of complexes CP1 and CP2 from pea (Pisum sativum) chloroplast fragments. The Deriphat appears to have preserved at least to some extent a new type of chlorophyll a-protein complex. PMID- 7044376 TI - Insulin binding to liver plasma membranes from rats rendered diabetic by alloxan. A kinetic demonstration of two classes of binding sites in equilibrium with each other. AB - The association of 125I-labelled insulin with liver plasma membranes from diabetic rats was consistent with more than one compartment of binding. After a short association period, insulin dissociation comprised rapid and slow phases. After a long association period, dissociation was only at a slow rate. Lower affinity hormone-receptor complexes were converted to higher-affinity complexes as the time of occupancy lengthened. PMID- 7044377 TI - Affinity change of the adipocyte receptor fails to alter insulin-stimulated glucose transport. AB - Occupancy increased the affinity of the insulin receptor of the adipocyte. During the affinity change the half-maximal sensitivity of glucose transport to insulin stimulation was unaltered. Decreased maximum response of transport only occurred after the affinity change. There was not a simple relationship between receptor affinity and insulin stimulation of glucose transport in the adipocyte. PMID- 7044378 TI - Inhibition of human and dog serine pancreatic proteinases by naturally occurring high-molecular-weight inhibitors from plant or animal origin. PMID- 7044379 TI - Abnormal cellular regulation of lipolysis and phosphorylation in Reye's Syndrome. PMID- 7044380 TI - Rat liver kininase, a serine peptidase. AB - A serine peptidase (RLK1) was partially purified from rat liver homogenates. Its molecular weight was 80,000, and its optimum pH was 7.5. Bz-Tyr-O-Et was hydrolyzed by the enzyme, which was inhibited by Ip2PF, PMSF and by Tos-Phe CH2Cl. The bonds cleaved by the enzyme were Phe5-Ser6 and Phe8-Arg9, when bradykinin was used as substrate. PMID- 7044381 TI - Prostaglandins D2 and E2 are not regulators of amino acid release from rat cortical synaptosomes. AB - Rat cerebral cortex synaptosomes synthesise prostaglandins, and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that of the prostaglandins quantified PGD2 (10.9 ng/mg protein) was produced in highest concentration. Treatment with high potassium or veratrine caused release of putative amino acid transmitters, but not of prostaglandins, and prostaglandins D2 and E2 were unable to stimulate release of amino acids. The release of putative amino acid transmitters, evoked by high potassium levels, was not inhibited by these prostaglandins. Prostacyclin receptors could not be identified on synaptosomes by radioligand binding techniques. PMID- 7044382 TI - Pyrimidine ribonucleoside phosphorylase activity vs 5- and/or 6-substituted uracil and uridine analogues, including conformational aspects. AB - The pyrimidine ribonucleoside phosphorylase from Salmonella typhimurium phosphorylyses 6-methyluridine, a uridine analogue sterically constrained to the syn conformation about the glycosylic bond, as effectively as uridine itself. In conjunction with the observation that 3-methyluridine is a very poor substrate compared to 5-methyluridine and 5,6-dimethyluridine, it follows that the phosphorolysis reaction involves the initial conversion of uridine, and other 5 substituted uridines (including 5-fluorouridine), to the syn conformation during interaction with the enzyme. Furthermore, and consistent with the foregoing, the enzyme recognizes as substrates, to varying degrees, the N(3)-ribosides of xanthine and uric acid, and will also catalyze the formation of these ribosides from the corresponding purines, which may be considered formally as 5,6 disubstituted uracils. Similar observations are reported for the synthetic 5,6 trimethyleneuridine. The enzyme does not, however, recognize 6-methyluracil and 5,6-tetramethyleneuridine in the reverse, synthetic, reaction. The conformational aspects of these reactions are discussed. Since it was previously shown that 6 methyluridine is an equally effective substrate for the pyrimidine phosphorylase of primary rabbit kidney cells, at least some of these conformational requirements apply to the enzyme from mammalian sources, and are consequently of relevance in the design of chemotherapeutic agents, for which some examples are cited. PMID- 7044383 TI - Activity of various aldehyde-metabolizing enzymes in chemically-induced rat hepatomas. PMID- 7044384 TI - The time course and magnitude of prostacyclin (PGI2) production by rat aortic rings incubated in human plasma. PMID- 7044386 TI - Clinical responses during gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Changes in synovitis, radiologically detectable erosive lesions, serum proteins, and serologic abnormalities. AB - Gold therapy given to 73 patients with rheumatoid arthritis was associated with remission of synovitis for 3 months or longer in 27 patients and 50% or greater improvement in 20 patients. New joint deformities did not develop in patients who experienced remission, and progression of radiologically detectable erosive changes was prevented. Serum protein and serologic abnormalities were improved in all groups, but patients who had a good response experienced the greatest improvement. No single clinical or laboratory feature in the pretreatment assessment predicted response, but, as a group, the patients with the best response also ranked best for most prognostic indicators. PMID- 7044385 TI - Physical properties of biological matter: some history, principles, and applications. PMID- 7044387 TI - [Inhibition of nocturnal acid secretion by pirenzepine (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of 50 and 100 mg of 5,11-dihydro-11-[(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)acetyl] 6H-pyrido]2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one dihydrochloride (pirenzepine), respectively, given p.o. at 6 p.m. on nocturnal acid secretion was tested in 6 healthy volunteers. Pirenzepine showed a long-lasting antisecretory activity. The total acid output between 0 a.m. and 6 a.m. was reduced with 50 mg of pirenzepine by about 32% and with 100 mg of pirenzepine by about 41%. It is assumed that pirenzepine (100 mg at bedtime) should be tested in the prevention of relapse in chronic duodenal ulcer disease. PMID- 7044388 TI - Economic survival underlies professional survival which underlies public service. PMID- 7044389 TI - Facts on the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 for speech-language pathologists and audiologists. PMID- 7044390 TI - Readability of introductory speech-language pathology texts. PMID- 7044391 TI - The pocketbook of the Association: the Economics Department. PMID- 7044392 TI - Self-care decision making by renal transplant recipients. PMID- 7044393 TI - Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in adipose tissue mitochondria from normal and obese humans. AB - Pyruvate-dehydrogenase, an enzymatic mitochondrial complex, exists in both inactive and active forms, insulin being the regulating factor of the transformation of a latter into the former. The basal (PDHb) and total (PDHt) activity of this enzyme in adipose tissue mitochondria from obese hyperinsulinemic humans has been found equal to 1014 +/- 459 SD mU respectively. These values are 250% higher than those found in normal subjects (403 +/- 76 SD and 575 +/- 142 SD respectively). Both in normal and obese subjects the PDHb/PDHt percent ratio was equal to about 70. These results show that insulin, undoubtedly hyperactive in obesity, by activating PDH can induce a major synthesis of fat, a high caloric density tissue. PMID- 7044394 TI - [Temporal profile of mental symptoms in Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044395 TI - An appliance to support oral intubation in the premature infant. PMID- 7044396 TI - A plea to mark dentures. PMID- 7044397 TI - Overdentures with magnetic retainers. PMID- 7044400 TI - Mesenchymal tumours of the stomach: report of cases review of literature and analysis of leiomyosarcomas. PMID- 7044399 TI - Urinary tract infection. PMID- 7044398 TI - Myocardial disarray. A critical review. AB - Myocardial disarray or disorganisation is at present a contentious topic, not least because its value as a clinical marker for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has changed considerably over the years. Initially observed as one of the features of asymmetric septal hypertrophy, disarray has since been promoted as its pathognomonic histological feature, regarded by some observers as the morphological manifestation of a genetically transmitted myocardial defect. Recently, however, it has become evident that myocardial disarray is not limited to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but is encountered in hearts with both congenital and acquired conditions, and is also observed in normal hearts. The specificity of disarray for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is thus seriously questioned. Latterly, it has been suggested that disarray, judged from through-and-through sections of the ventricular midseptum is a highly specific and sensitive marker of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy when considered in quantitative rather than qualitative fashion. The present study sets out to answer the question whether disarray could be the histological expression of the normal but intricate fibre architecture of the heart, a consideration also initiated by debatable definitions of normality and abnormality of myocardial histology. Gross fibre dissections in five normal hearts showed that many sites occurred in which disarray was a natural phenomenon. In five more hearts it was found that the plane of section of a tissue block might profoundly influence the histology. In fact, tissue cubicles sampled from different faces showed a change in histology in the vast majority. Thus the diagnostic significance of myocardial disarray as a marker of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the clinical setting almost vanishes; a change in orientation of a tissue section may actually turn "normality" into "disarray". PMID- 7044401 TI - The cancer research campaign (King's/Cambridge trial for early breast cancer: clinico-pathological aspects. AB - Analysis of pathological data in the 10th year of follow-up of a multicentre trial of the management of operable breast cancer has confirmed the correlation of prognosis with tumour grade, tumour size and lymph-node status. For each factor examined there was no difference in survival between the 2 treatment groups ("watch policy" and radiotherapy) but patients in the WP group whose tumours were of Grade II or III or greater than 2 cm, or with lymph-node metastases, had a greater chance of local recurrence. Cellular reaction had no relationship with prognosis, except in patients with Grade III tumours. The clinical relevance and application of these results are discussed. PMID- 7044402 TI - Nuclear terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in leukaemic infiltrates of testicular tissue. AB - Early detection of testicular leukaemia and the identification of residual leukaemic cells in treated patients are important aims in the management of males with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). In most cases of ALL ( greater than 95%) the blast cells express terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), a nuclear enzyme. We have therefore standardized the immuno-fluorescence and peroxidase techniques (using anti-Tdt antibodies) for identifying TdT cells in the normal thymus, as well as in samples of testis with heavy leukaemic infiltrates (positive controls). TdT cells can be identified in formalin (but not in Bouin's or Carnoy's) fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, and the preservation of morphological details is excellent. The method is nevertheless difficult to standardize and also requires the use of deoxyribonuclease (DNase) for the digestion of sections. However, in frozen tissue sections, stronger staining of TdT cells was found, even without DNase treatment. Good morphology was preserved when cut sections were fixed immediately in the cryostat. In the second part of the study 15 samples from treated boys were analysed to see whether the technique is suitable to identify residual minimal leukaemic infiltrates. In 5 patients scanty disseminated TdT cells were detected, and in 2 patients small clumps of TdT cells were seen. The results indicate that the immunohistological identification of TdT ALL blasts may be the method of choice. PMID- 7044403 TI - Direct and serial transplantation of human acute myeloid leukaemia into nude mice. PMID- 7044404 TI - Corynebacterium parvum and metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 7044405 TI - Metalanguage and speech pathology. PMID- 7044406 TI - Lack of effect of circulating prostacyclin on contractility of the non-pregnant human uterus. AB - To study the effect of prostacyclin (PGI2) on the contractility of the non pregnant human uterus, the intrauterine pressures in the isthmus and fundus of the uterus were recorded before, during and after intravenous PGI2 at different phases of two consecutive menstrual cycles in eight women. Infusions of 1-8 ng of PGI2 min-1 kg-1 for 20 min caused no changes in intrauterine pressure either during menstruation or any other phase of the cycle when compared with the contractility patterns in the same woman during the control infusion. Thus these data suggest that circulating PGI2 is not involved in regulating the contractility of the non-pregnant human myometrium. PMID- 7044407 TI - A randomized controlled trial of non-stress antepartum cardiotocography. AB - In a prospective randomized controlled study of non-stress antepartum cardiotocography (CTG), involving 569 tracings in 300 patients, "non-reactive' traces showed a significant association with still-births and neonatal deaths, intrauterine growth retardation, admission to special care baby unit for conditions associated with intrauterine hypoxia, and low Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min. The report of the CTG was made available to the clinician in 144 patients and withheld in 156 patients. With the report available, significantly more patients were allowed to continue their antenatal care as out-patients, and significantly more antenatal in-patients were allowed home. There were no other significant differences in management, or outcome in the two groups. PMID- 7044408 TI - Chorioangioma of the placenta: an ultrasonic study. Case report. PMID- 7044409 TI - Inhibition of the renin--aldosterone axis and of prolactin secretion during pregnancy by L-dopa. AB - Recently, interactions between dopaminergic mechanisms and aldosterone secretion were described in non-pregnant subjects. The present study examined the effect of 1000 mg of L-dopa by mouth on plasma renin activity (PRA), and the concentrations of plasma aldosterone (PA) and prolactin (PRL) during normal pregnancy. Under basal conditions, there was a clear decrease of PRA, PA and PRL 60 min after oral intake of L-dopa in seven subjects; a further decrease was observed during the following 45 min, resulting in a total decrease of 41 (PRA), 44 (PA) and 56 (PRL) % of the respective arithmetic mean of the basal values. However, the response of PA to isopressor angiotensin II infusions was comparable before and shortly after treatment with L-dopa in 16 pregnant subjects. The decreased activity of the renin-aldosterone axis after administration of L-dopa may be attributed to an accumulation of dopamine and catecholamines in the brain, resulting in a diminution of sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system. The simultaneous and comparable changes of both PRA and PA after L-dopa treatment, as well as the reversibility of aldosterone suppression by infusion of angiotensin II, suggest that the inhibition of aldosterone secretion by L-dopa is mediated by a decrease of renin release. PMID- 7044410 TI - Light and electron microscopy of corneal melting syndrome (Mooren's ulcer). AB - Three patients with corneal melting syndrome of Mooren are described all of whom required lamellar grafting for perforation of the cornea. All these grafts subsequently failed. Tissue excised during grafting was studied by light and electron microscopy. In all cases the conjunctiva contained large numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells. The limbal cornea showed 3 distinct zones: the deep stroma was intact but contained a prominent macrophage infiltrate; in the mid stroma marked hyperactivity of fibroblastic cells was associated with disorganisation of the corneal lamellae; the outer stroma was heavily vascularised and infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells, with destruction of the collagen matrix. At the advancing, undermined edge of the corneal ulcer the deep stroma was undisturbed, but in the superficial layers accumulation of fibroblastic cells and destruction of collagen was observed. No other cell types were found. All the failed grafts contained fibroblasts which appeared highly active, surrounded by disorganised collagen fibrils. In these patients destruction of both host and graft corneal stroma apparently resulted from the activity of fibroblastic cells. PMID- 7044411 TI - A randomised double-blind clinical trial of acyclovir (Zovirax) and adenine arabinoside in herpes simplex corneal ulceration. AB - A double-blind clinical trial of 3% acyclovir (Zovirax) and 3% adenosine arabinoside (ara-A, Vidarabine) in 93 patients with herpetic corneal ulceration is presented. Ulcers in 45 (94%) of acyclovir-treated patients and 37 (82%) ara-A treated patients healed within 14 days. Patients treated with acyclovir healed more rapidly than those treated with ara-A (p less than 0.01). No serious adverse effects were observed. PMID- 7044412 TI - Double-masked controlled clinical trial of 5% tolmetin versus 0.5% prednisolone versus 0.9% saline in acute endogenous nongranulomatous anterior uveitis. AB - A double-masked controlled clinical trial of 5% unpreserved tolmetin versus 0.5% prednisolone versus 0.9% saline in acute endogenous nongranulomatous anterior uveitis was carried out on 100 patients. 69% of the prednisolone-treated patients were judged "cured" at the end of the 3-week study. This is compared with a cure rate of 47% for the tolmetin-treated patients for 53% for the placebo (saline) group. No statistically significant difference was established between the 3 groups. PMID- 7044413 TI - Formamide-induced dissociation and inactivation of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase. Metal-dependent reassociation and restoration of activity from isolated subunits. AB - Alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli has been reversibly dissociated by treatment with low concentrations of formamide. The monomer retains the capacity to bind metals and to regenerate catalytically active dimer that is identical with the native dimeric enzyme. The rate and extent of dissociation of dimer to monomer depend upon pH, ionic strength, temperature, formamide concentration, and enzyme-bound metal. Under appropriate experimental conditions, reassociation can be greatly slowed, allowing the properties of the monomer to be examined in solution. The formamide-induced apo monomer has a conformation distinct from that of the dimer and zinc- or cobalt-containing monomers. The monomer tightly binds 1 mol of zinc or cobalt in a metal-binding site altered from those of the dimer but is catalytically inactive. pH, ionic strength, and formamide concentration all influence reassociation. Hydrophobic forces are implicated as important in subunit interactions. The effect of metal content on the dissociation- reassociation process underscores the essential role that metals play in maintaining enzyme tertiary structure and reveals a new role in stabilizing the quaternary structure. PMID- 7044414 TI - Amino acid sequence of rat alpha-lactalbumin: a unique alpha-lactalbumin. AB - The amino acid sequence of rat alpha-lactalbumin has been determined. Unlike other alpha-lactalbumins which contain 122 or 123 amino acids, rat alpha lactalbumin is unique in that it contains 140 amino acids. The extra amino acids are a 17 amino acid extension at the carboxyl terminus. The amino acid sequence of this extension is Gly124-Ala-Pro-Ala-Leu-Val-Val130-Pro-Ala-Leu-Asp-Gly135-Glu Thr-Pro-Val-Pro140 . The extension is proline rich, which may contribute to the anomalous structural properties of rat alpha-lactalbumin. The amino acid sequence from residues 1 to 123 is similar to that of other alpha-lactalbumins. One possible explanation for the 17 amino acid extension is a mutation at the termination codon. PMID- 7044415 TI - Activity of the 2' and 3' isomers of aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid in the in vitro peptide elongation on Escherichia coli ribosomes. PMID- 7044416 TI - Reactions of thio analogues of adenosine 5'-triphosphate catalyzed by methionyl tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli and metal dependence of stereospecificity. PMID- 7044417 TI - Enthalpy and heat capacity changes for the reduction of insulin. AB - The enthalpy changes for the reduction of three disulfide bonds of insulin by dithiothreitol (DTT) were calorimetrically measured at various temperatures ranging from 289 to 308 K. The reduction was performed in three different buffer solutions of pH 9.6, and the observed heat changes were corrected for the ionization heats of the buffer components to obtain the net heats of reduction of insulin with DTT. By subtracting the enthalpy of DTT oxidation reported in the previous paper [Fukada, H., & Takahashi, K. (1980a) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 87, 1105 1110], we determined the standard enthalpy of reduction of insulin to be delta Hr = 93.4 +/- 7.8 kJ (mol of insulin-1 at 298 K. The heat capacity change with delta Cp,r = 3.2 +/- 0.3 kJ mol-1 K-1. Using the heat of oxidation of the cysteine residue, we estimated the enthalpy change for the conformational transition of insulin induced by the cleavage of three disulfide bonds to be delta H conf = 91 kJ mol-1 at 298 K. The heat capacity change was 2.1 kJ mol-1 K-1. These results imply that the conformational transition taking place during the reduction of three disulfide bonds is thermodynamically of the same nature as the thermal denaturation observed for other globular proteins. PMID- 7044418 TI - Partition of intermediates of triosephosphate isomerase: slow conformational changes precede enolization and follow product release. PMID- 7044419 TI - Interactions of Cibacron Blue F3GA and nucleotides with Escherichia coli aspartate carbamoyltransferase and its subunits. PMID- 7044421 TI - Rapid inactivation of bacteriophage T7 by ascorbic acid is repairable. AB - Treatment of bacteriophage T7 with ascorbic acid resulted in the rapid accumulation of single-strand breaks in the DNA with double-strand breaks appearing only after incubation times of 20 min or longer. The single-strand breaks were responsible for a rapid inactivation of the phage as assayed by immediate plating of the phage-bacteria mixture on nutrient agar. Incubation of the phage-bacteria mixture in liquid medium prior to plating allowed a host cell reactivation process to repair the nicks and reactivate the phage. Non-reversible inactivation of the phage was a slower process which could be correlated with the appearance of double-strand breaks in the phage DNA. Host cell reactivation of the phage was also manifested in the phenomena of delayed lysis and delayed appearance of the concatemeric DNA replication intermediate. PMID- 7044420 TI - Estimation of isozymes of microsomal cytochrome P-450 in rats, rabbits, and humans using immunochemical staining coupled with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7044422 TI - Stabilization of the tertiary structure of yeast phenylalanine tRNA by [Co(NH3)6]3+. X-ray evidence for hydrogen bonding to pairs of guanine bases in the major groove. AB - The sites of three [Co(NH3)6]3+ ions bound to the phenylalanine tRNA of yeast have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. [Co(NH3)6]3+ binds to purine purine sequences in yeast tRNA Phe. It is different from the binding fo Co2+, which binds to the base and phosphate of residue G15. There are no direct metal nucleotide bonds, although hydrogen bonding of the coordinated ammines to double helical guanylguanosine sequences in the major groove and to phosphate oxygen in neighboring polynucleotide strands increases the stability of the structure. Hydrogen-bonding appears to be via cis ammine ligands to N(7) and O(6) positions of adjacent purine bases. PMID- 7044423 TI - Stability of the lac repressor headpiece against thermal denaturation and tryptic hydrolysis. AB - The stability of the conformation of the lac repressor headpiece against thermal denaturation and tryptic hydrolysis has been studied by circular dichroism measurements. In both cases the stability depends strongly on the concentration of NaCl. This effect is larger than generally observed for proteins. The midpoint of the thermal denaturation curve (Tm) is shifted from about 37 degrees C in the absence of NaCl to about 68 degrees C in 1 M NaCl. After a first non-linear increase of the Tm with the NaCl concentration (up to about 0.2 M NaCl) the Tm varies linearly with the salt concentration. Assuming a two-state mechanism for the thermal denaturation, enthalpies of 30-36 kcal/mol have been determined. The decrease of the circular dichroism signal due to the tryptic cleavage follows pseudo first-order kinetics for all salt concentrations studied. The half-life time of hydrolysis increased by about 40-times from 2 mM to the highest NaCl concentration we have used (655 mM). Assuming that only the unfolded state of the headpiece is a good substrate for trypsin, the observed stabilization against proteolytic degradation may be explained by a shift of the unfolding equilibrium of the headpiece due to the salt, and a subsequent decrease of the concentration of the unfolded state. The unusual stabilization of the headpiece is discussed with respect to its positive charge and to its function to bind to DNA. PMID- 7044424 TI - Chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. Purification and properties of the bifunctional enzyme. AB - A pure, stable preparation of chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydrogenase (chorismate pyruvatemutase, EC 5.4.99.5-prephenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating), EC 1.3.1.12) has been obtained in good yield from a regulatory mutant of Escherichia coli. The enzyme was purified from extracts of the organism by treatment with streptomycin sulfate and fractionation with ammonium sulfate followed by chromatography on columns of Sepharose-AMP, DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite. The native enzyme has a molecular weight of 88,000 and is made up of two identical subunits as indicated by the results of amino acid composition, peptide mapping and electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The enzyme has a sedimentation coefficient of 4.85 S as determined in the ultracentrifuge and an isoelectric point of pH 5.3. Preliminary studies on the kinetic properties of the enzyme indicated that both the mutase and the dehydrogenase reactions catalyzed by the enzyme conform to Michaelis-Menten kinetics. PMID- 7044425 TI - Chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. Kinetic mechanism of the prephenate dehydrogenase reaction. AB - The mechanism of the dehydrogenase reaction catalyzed by chorismate mutase prephenate dehydrogenase (chorismate pyruvatemutase, EC 5.4.99.5-prephenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating), EC 1.3.1.12) has been investigated using steady state kinetic techniques. The steady-state velocity pattern in the absence of products as well as product and dead-end inhibition patterns are consistent with a random mechanism in which two dead-end complexes, E-NADH-prephenate and E-NAD hydroxyphenylpyruvate, are formed, and in which all steps are in rapid equilibrium except that concerned with the interconversion of central ternary complexes. Values have been determined for the maximum velocity of the reaction as well as for the kinetic parameters associated with the combination of substrates, products and the dead-end inhibitor, AMP, with various enzyme forms. The results indicate that when albumin is present in the reaction mixture, the presence of one substrate on the enzyme does not affect the combination of the second substrate. On the other hand, the binding of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate is enhanced by the presence of NAD and the binding of NADH is enhanced by the presence of prephenate on the enzyme. These results contrast with the finding that the inhibitory analogue, AMP, binds more strongly to the free enzyme than to the E-prephenate complex. PMID- 7044426 TI - The cellular target for the plasminogen activator, urokinase, in human fibroblasts - 66 000 dalton protein. AB - The effects of urokinase, the plasminogen activator of human urine, on the isolated substratum-attached pericellular matrices of cultured human lung fibroblasts were studied in serum-free conditions. Pericellular matrices were prepared from dense cultures of human lung fibroblasts after labelling of the cultures with radioactive glycine. Extraction of the cultures with sodium deoxycholate and hypotonic buffer gave a reproducible pattern of polypeptides when analyzed in polyacrylamide gels. The isolated pericellular matrix was subsequently exposed to affinity chromatography-purified urokinase. Urokinase affected a 66000-dalton protein but none of the other matrix polypeptides. The appearance of a 62000-dalton protein that remained attached to the matrix was seen concomitantly suggesting that it was derived from the 66000-dalton protein. The 66000-dalton protein is the first known cellular target for urokinase. PMID- 7044427 TI - Consequences of 125I-labeled insulin degradation by hepatocytes on the interpretation of receptor binding studies. AB - The association of 125I-labeled insulin with hepatocytes was assayed by filtration or microcentrifugation. Assay by centrifugation resulted in a greater amount of retained radioactive label throughout the course of association of 125I labeled insulin with hepatocytes. Similarly, saturation experiments assayed by microcentrifugation suggested greater binding than filtration. During dissociation, cells isolated by centrifugation release a greater amount of rapid dissociating radioactive label. Control experiments of [3H]-inulin exclusion with cell pellets, which were isolated during microcentrifugation, demonstrated that the difference between the methods was not due to extracellular trapping of radioactivity. Therefore, the data suggested that there was more low-affinity retention when binding was assayed by centrifugation than filtration. The integrity of the 125I-labeled insulin extracted from hepatocytes was determined by column chromatography. A substantially greater proportion of the extracted radioactivity was fragments of 125I-labeled insulin in cells isolated by centrifugation. It is suggested that the extensive washing of the cells during filtration removes more fragments than does centrifugation. During dissociation, the low-affinity component of radioactivity, which was observed in the centrifugal assay, resulted from the transient retention of insulin fragments. The extensive degradation of insulin, which was assayed by either method, and the differences observed between these methods, should be considered in the interpretation of binding experiments with cells. PMID- 7044428 TI - [Effects of pyridazinones and cerulenin on the biosynthesis and functional state of photosystem 2 in barley leaves]. AB - The effects of pyridazinones and cerulenin on the formation of photosystem 2 in etiolated barley leaves and its functional state in green leaves were studied. It was shown that the reaction centers of photosystem 2 in greening leaves are formed after 2.5--3.0 hrs of illumination independently of herbicide treatment. In the leaves greening in the presence of pyridazinones and cerulenin and in green leaves treated by these substances a change in the chlorophyll state takes place, which is detected by a shortwave shift of the low temperature fluorescence maximum at 740 nm. Long-term treatment of greening and green leaves by pyridazinones increases variable fluorescence at 20 degrees. The inhibition of carotene synthesis by pyridazinones SAN 6706 and SAN 9789 during the greening is accompanied by a decrease of variable fluorescence at - 196 degrees and of its reversible part, as well as by an appearance of a light-induced dip of the fluorescence yield at 20 degrees slowly reversible in the dark. It is suggested that pyridazinones produce a 3-fold effect on the photosynthetic apparatus: 1) they block electron transport in the acceptor part of photosystem 2 and affect directly the reaction centers of this photosystem; 20 SAN 6706 and SAN 9789 inhibit carotene biosynthesis during greening of leaves, resulting in a formation of a photounstable pigment apparatus with a low amount of the reaction centers of photosystem 2; 3) pyridazinones which damage the membrane structure and probably the lipid composition of chloroplasts cause significant changes of the chlorophyll state; this effect is similar to that exerted by cerulenin. PMID- 7044429 TI - [Interaction of alkaline phosphatase and acid phospholipids in E. coli cells and artificial membranes]. AB - The synthesis of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme secreted by E. coli, is decreased in the cells pretreated with the lipotropic antibiotic polymixin prior to derepression. The decrease of the enzyme synthesis in the cell is correlated with the changes in the intracellular and intramembrane ratios of acid phospholipids, presumably at the level of the cytoplasmic membrane. The interaction between alkaline phosphatase and artificial lipid membranes has been shown to be a function of pH and ionic strength and is increased in the liposomes rich in acid phospholipids and decreased in the polymixin-treated liposomes. PMID- 7044430 TI - [Use of DNA-methylases as reagents for the production of isotopically labeled DNAs]. AB - The method of incorporation of an isotopic label into DNA by means of DNA methyltransferases (DNA-methylases) is proposed. DNA was no degraded and retained its biological activity in the DNA-methylase reaction. The specific activity of labelled DNA preparations can be increased, using the mixtures of different DNA methylases in the enzymatic reaction. An isotopic label was incorporated into DNA, using DNA methylases M. .EcoRII, M.Eco dam and M.EcoMRE600 dcmI. An average activity of 1 microgram of labelled DNA preparations produced by S adenosylmethionine (methyl-3H) with specific activity of 15 CU/mmol mas about 1 x 10(5) cpm. PMID- 7044431 TI - [Isolation of lipoteichoic acid from hemolytic Streptococcus group A type 29]. PMID- 7044432 TI - Effects of chronic treatment with a potent luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist on serum luteinizing hormone and steroid levels in the male rhesus monkey. AB - The effects of chronic administration of [D-Ser(TBU)6, des-Gly-NH2 10]LHRH ethylamide (Buserelin, Hoe 766) on plasma LH, pregnenolone, 17 hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels were studied in a nonhuman primate species, the rhesus monkey. After 1 week of daily administration of 25 micrograms of Hoe 766, the LH response measured after 3 h and 7 h is markedly inhibited when compared to the previous week's response and a slight decrease in basal LH levels is observed. A small rise of plasma LH is, however, always seen 3 h after administration of the peptide during the whole treatment period. Serum testosterone levels display a rapid stimulation from 7 to 35 ng/ml 3 h after the first administration of Buserelin and increase progressively up to at least 12 h (44 ng/ml). Plasma concentrations of 17 hydroxyprogesterone increase more slowly from 2.0 to 3.4 ng/ml during the first 3 h and reach 9.5 ng/ml 9 h later. By contrast, there are no or minimal changes or serum pregnenolone and dihydrotestosterone levels following the first injection of Hoe 766 and during the course of the study. While the acute testosterone response to Buserelin measured at 3 h is not affected in up to seven weeks of treatment with the peptide, the duration of testosterone and 17 hydroxyprogesterone response measured at later time intervals (7 h, 12 h) is decreased to 20% to 50% of control. The data suggest that the testicular steroidogenic pathway in rhesus monkeys retain its ability to respond to LH stimulation during treatment with the LHRH agonist while the basal testosterone levels are reduced. The close correlation observed between reduced serum LH and testosterone concentrations suggest that pituitary desensitization is the main factor responsible for the partial inhibition of basal testosterone concentration in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7044433 TI - Epididymal secretion of a mouse sperm surface component recognized by a monoclonal antibody. AB - We have generated a monoclonal antibody directed against an antigenic determinant appearing on the surface of mouse sperm tails during passage through the epididymis (a determinant that we now term sperm maturation antigen number four [SMA 4]). The present study demonstrates that sperm retained in the ductuli efferentes following ligation do not acquire the antigen, suggesting that its appearance is not due to changes intrinsic to the sperm, but that the epididymal environment is required. To examine the role of the epididymis in the appearance of this antigen, sections of unfixed frozen or fixed, paraffin embedded tissue from different regions of the male reproductive tract have been studied by indirect immunofluorescence. Results indicate that the antigen is a secretory product of the epididymal epithelium, produced in a short segment of the distal caput epididymidis. Ligation experiments show that absence of sperm or testicular fluid from the epididymis does not affect production of this antigen. Examination of prepubertal mice indicates that antigen production is age dependent, production beginning in the epididymis in mice between 2 and 4 weeks of age. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of sections of a variety of tissues and organs shows that the antigen is restricted to sperm and to epithelial cells of the male reproductive tract. Finally, experiments comparing the antibody-induced agglutinability of sperm from the caput epididymidis to that of sperm from the cauda epididymidis gives further evidence that the antigen resides on the sperm surface.U PMID- 7044434 TI - Inhibition of the postovariectomy depletion of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) by suckling. AB - A study was undertaken to further the understanding of the mechanism by which suckling inhibits the release of pituitary LH and depresses the postovariectomy rise of plasma LH in lactating mammals. To that end, the effect of suckling (10 pups/animal) for 1 or 3 weeks on the LHRH content of the hypothalamus and preoptic area (POA) in ovariectomized and intact rats was examined. Controls consisted of intact and 1 or 3 week ovariectomized, nonlactating animals. Following decapitation, the brains were rapidly removed and blocks containing the POA and the hypothalamus (with median eminence) were isolated. Tissue was extracted with acetic acid and LHRH quantitated via validated RIAs utilizing 2 antisera specific for different portions of the LHRH molecule. Ovariectomy of nonlactating, diestrous animals resulted in a significant decline in hypothalamic LHRH, reaching 50% of control levels by 3 weeks. During the same intervals, plasma LH increased dramatically to 20- and 60-fold over intact controls by 1 and 3 weeks, respectively. In contrast, LHRH levels were not decreased at 1 or 3 weeks in ovariectomized rats which were suckled, at which time plasma LH was greatly depressed. When intact animals were evaluated, the suckling stimulus failed to induce a detectable change in LHRH content of the hypothalamus of LHRH in the POA between any of the treatment or control groups. These data from ovariectomized rats suggest that suckling inhibits LHRH release from the hypothalamus and hence provides an explanation for the depression of plasma LH observed in suckled ovariectomized and intact animals. PMID- 7044435 TI - Biomedical applications of plasma polymerization and plasma treatment of polymer surfaces. AB - Thin polymer films obtained by plasma polymerization usually show good biocompatibility when compared to classical biomaterials such as Silastic. The thickness of these films (from several hundreds of A to several micrometers) make them suitable for the purpose of changing the surface properties of the substrate without altering its bulk properties. Both the above features together indicate the possible biomedical use of plasma polymerization as well as plasma treatment of polymer surfaces processes. The purpose of this review is to present the most significant efforts to develop such applications with the specification of particular fields where these efforts are directed. PMID- 7044436 TI - A study of the use of the probability-of-being-in-response function as a summary of tumor response data. AB - The probability-of-being-in-response function (PBRF), proposed by Temkin (1978, Biometrics 34, 571-588) as a vehicle for analyzing transient response data, is examined using the simplified parametric model in which each of the failure processes is assumed to be exponential. Properties of the PBRF under these assumptions are discussed. It is demonstrated that the PBRF is a very complete summary of the data and has attractive properties for its intended use as a visual display. The model is extended to incorporate covariates, and it is demonstrated that the desired properties can be generalized under specific conditions for the covariates. PMID- 7044437 TI - Hydrodynamics, size, and shape of bacteriophage T4D tails and baseplates. PMID- 7044438 TI - [Changes in the nephron and neuroendocrine apparatus of the kidneys following the administration of Salmonella endotoxin]. AB - Electron microscopy was used to examine renal glomerules and tubules, as well as the renal neuro-endocrine apparatus 3 and 24 hours after intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg S. typhimurium endotoxin. The studies demonstrated swelling and vacuolization of the endothelial cells and an increase in the glomerular capillaries of the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with lysosomal sequestration and fibrin emergence 3 hours after endotoxin injection, intravascular coagulation, accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the peritubular capillaries, fat dystrophy of the mesangial cells and nephrocytes in the proximal tubules after 24 hours. The method for mathematical estimation of granulation in the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), designed by the authors, from the density of the contents of epithelioid cell granules enabled the detection of JGA activation, particularly 24 hours after endotoxin injection. The reduction of the number of granules in the interstitial cells of the renal medulla might be due both to JGA activation and endotoxin action that stimulates the synthesis of prostaglandins. PMID- 7044439 TI - [Morphometric method in defects of the stomach and intestinal walls]. AB - An ocular micrometer was used to measure a number of parameters of the defect on paraffin slices passing through the center of a wound and gastric or intestinal ulcer: the distance between the edges of the preserved "old" muscular layer and mucous membrane, the width of the non-epithelialized zone of the defect, the length of the layer of newly formed epithelium, the height of the growing connective tissue in the fundus of the defect, etc. Some integral indices may be also calculated from the initial data obtained. The measurement data allow the judgement to be formed on the degree of tissue contraction in the defect area, the magnitude of the growing connective tissue in the defect fundus, the degree of the defect epithelialization and differentiation of the newly formed mucous membrane. The technique suggested is particularly effective during studies into the time course of the defect healing and in the appraisal of the methods for correcting the process. PMID- 7044440 TI - [Repair effect of p-aminobenzoic acid and aminobenzhydrazide]. AB - A simple, safe and rapid experimental scheme is offered for screening chemical compounds for ability to activate DNA reparation in bacterial cells. As DNA damaging agent use was made of cell heating. The structural integrity of genome was determined during subsequent 90-minute incubation of bacteria. It was demonstrated that without additions to the culture medium, the cells are unable to recover the damaged genome, while addition of the compounds in question stimulated the reparation of bacterial DNA. p-Aminobenzoic acid (10(-5) M) was more powerful than aminobenzhydrazide as regards the recovery of genome integrity. PMID- 7044441 TI - [Characteristics of the reaction of healthy human blood serum with the epidermis]. AB - Indirect immunofluorescence has shown that the blood serum of normal subjects reacts with cytoplasm antigens of epidermis differentiated cells in 100% of the cases. The level of antibodies and the immunomorphological picture of the reaction are marked by high constancy and intense fluorescence of the cytoplasm of epidermis differentiated cells, while the reaction with basal layer cell antigens is observed comparatively seldom and little pronounced. The authors discuss possible participation of antibodies contained by the normal blood serum and of their complexes with tissue antigens in the regulation of vital activity of the cells and immune response to the host antigens. PMID- 7044442 TI - [F-like genetic transfer factor pAP42]. AB - Sensitivity of E. coli K-12 cells containing the transfer factor pAP42 to phages was examined to determine the frequency of the test factor transfer from one cell to another one. The data on the phage sensitivity and the frequency of transfer indicate that the test factor is F-like plasmid derepressed by the conjugation function. Study of incompatibility of the transfer factor pAP42 has shown its compatibility with plasmids of all 8 groups of F-incompatibility. This enables one to characterize this factor as a representative of a new FIX group of F incompatibility. PMID- 7044443 TI - [Biological activity of allogeneic embryonic bone marrow cells]. AB - Allogeneic embryonal medullary cells can optimize and accelerate the reparative regeneration of tubular and os planum bones of the experimental animals. The use of a diffusion chamber allowed one to determine that the source of osseous tissue formation are the osteogenous predecessor cells detected in the bone marrow of the embryo. PMID- 7044444 TI - The role of bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of acute leukemia in remission. PMID- 7044445 TI - The ultrastructural localization of immunoglobulins in human b cells of immunoproliferative diseases. AB - The cellular distribution of immunoglobulins in human malignant and normal B cells was investigated by immunoelectron microscopy by direct incubation of fixed cells with electron microscopy by direct incubation of fixed cells with peroxidase-coupled antibody. These conjugates penetrated into the cell, resulting in the simultaneous detection of surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins. The latter were seen as specific intracisternal staining of the perinuclear space and endoplasmic reticulum and occasionally of the Golgi complex. Plasma cells were frequently characterized by a heterogeneity of reactivity of the endoplasmic reticulum. Minute amounts of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin were demonstrated in cells without developed secretory organelles, such as lymphoma cells and lymphocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The method allowed us to define several subsets of cells according to the expression of surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins and thus to determine the stage of maturation of cells involved in monoclonal proliferation. PMID- 7044446 TI - Factor XI antigen and activity in human platelets. AB - Washed platelets, contaminated with less than 0.20% plasma factor XI, were examined for the presence of factor XI antigen and activity. These platelets contained a factor-XI-like coagulant activity (0.67 +/- 0.11 U/10(11) platelets) that remained constant after successive washes. By means of indirect immunofluorescence, a monospecific antibody to factor XI showed specific staining of both normal platelets and platelets from patients deficient in plasma factor XI. Radiolabeled Triton extracts of washed platelets and labeled purified factor XI solutions were analyzed for factor XI antigen by Staph A immunoprecipitation analysis using antibody to purified plasma factor XI followed by SDS gel electrophoresis. On unreduced gels, the platelet material ran as a single band having an apparent molecular weight of 220,000 daltons, whereas purified plasma factor XI gave a single band at 160,000 daltons. On reduced gels, the platelet material analyzed as a single band at 52,000 daltons, whereas purified factor XI gave a single band of 80,000 daltons. Analysis of a partially purified factor XI preparation from platelets by immunoelectrophoresis revealed that the platelet preparation displayed a slightly lower cathodal electrophoretic mobility at pH 8.6 than did plasma factor XI and yet appeared to possess complete antigenic identity with plasma factor XI. These results indicate that platelets possess a form of factor XI that exists as a disulfide-linked 52,000-dalton tetramer in contrast to the plasma form that circulates as a 80,000-dalton disulfide-linked dimer. PMID- 7044447 TI - Human neutrophil-specific granule deficiency: a model to assess the role of neutrophil-specific granules in the evolution of the inflammatory response. AB - It has been suggested that neutrophil (PMN) specific granules are important in cell aggregation, locomotion, hydroxyl radical formation, and in extracellular functions such as the generation of complement-related inflammatory mediators (C5a) and the feedback regulation of myelopoiesis. In the current studies, a 9-yr old boy with a history of recurrent infections and specific granule deficiency (absent lactoferrin, B-12 binding proteins, and characteristic specific granules on sucrose gradient centrifugation of cell homogenates) was studied to assess some of these concepts. In vivo, the patient had decreased PMN and monocyte accumulation into Rebuck skin windows but an expected febrile episode with an associated neutropenia (PMN margination) and neutrophilia (mobilization of marrow reserves) in response to intravenous endotoxin. In vitro, the patient's resting PMN showed increased ruffling, increased surface-to-volume ratio, and increased numbers of centriole-associated microtubules. His PMN showed a significant decrease in cell negative surface charge (which may relate to aggregation) in response to several stimuli and adhered better than normally to plastic. In addition, his PMN aggregated normally in response to the chemoattractant f-met leu-phe, although the subsequent disaggregation normally seen with PMN did not occur with the patient's cells. Chemotaxis of the patient's PMN to several stimuli was abnormal, and specific saturable and displaceable binding of the chemoattractant f-met-leu-[3H]phe was decreased. Similarly, following incubation with secretagogues, there was a less than normal increase in f-met-leu-[3H]phe binding and an absence of the normal increases in PMN surface area. The patient's PMN bactericidal activity, stimulated oxygen metabolism (cytochrome-c reduction, chemiluminescence, and NBT reduction), and elicited changes in membrane potential were also abnormal. Studies assessing the mechanism for the abnormal monocyte accumulation into skin windows indicated the patient's monocyte chemotaxis was better than normal in vitro. However, the patient's PMN homogenates lacked a stimulus of monocyte locomotion and did not generate chemotactic activity normally from serum. Thus, the data indicate that specific granule constituents are not required for neutrophil margination in vivo or aggregation in vitro. However, the data support the concept that PMN-specific granules are important for PMN locomotion and oxidative metabolism. In addition, extracellular release of specific granule constituents appears to be important for amplification of the initial and subsequent phases of the inflammatory response. PMID- 7044448 TI - Protein A adsorption of acute myelogenous leukemia serum induces in vitro blast lysis. AB - We studied cytotoxic activity of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) sera for AML blasts before and after immunoadsorption with Staphylococcus aureus, Cowan I (SAC), which contains protein A. We found in vitro that incubation with treated AML sera reduced viability to 42.7% of control (p less than 0.01) for autologous and 21.0% of control (p less than 0.01) for allogeneic blasts. Normal peripheral blood cells were not killed by treated AML sera. Wood 46 strain of Staphylococcus aureus, which does not contain protein A, did not significantly reduce AML blast viability (94.8%, p greater than 0.4), while Sepharose-bound protein A reduced viability to 63.8% (p less than 0.01). Cytotoxicity does not appear to be complement-mediated, byt cytotoxic activity is trypsin-sensitive and is contained in the immunoglobulin fraction. This model for study of the tumoricidal action of protein A adsorption should be useful for predicting utility of plasma adsorption as a therapeutic adjunct in the future. PMID- 7044449 TI - Studies on the interaction between GP-18-0-deficient neutrophils and vascular endothelium. AB - A patient whose neutrophils lack the glycoprotein gp-180 shows an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. Neutrophils from this patient migrate abnormally both in vivo and in vitro. To examine the basis for this abnormality in migration, a study was carried out on the interaction of gp-180-deficient neutrophils with artificial surfaces and with human endothelial cell cultures. Compared with normal neutrophils. gp-180-deficient neutrophils showed decreased adhesion to cold-insoluble globulin-coated plastic surfaces, and their ability to spread on this substratum was greatly impaired. In contrast, gp-180-deficient neutrophils interacted in a normal fashion with endothelial monolayers, attaching to their surfaces and migrating between cell junctions to spread between the monolayers and the subjacent plastic. A normal interaction with endothelium in vivo was implied by the finding that the rise in the neutrophil count in response to epinephrine, an index of the marginated pool, was normal in the gp-180 deficient patient. We conclude that the abnormal function of gp-180-deficient cells is unlikely to be caused by a faulty interaction with the vascular endothelium. We postulate instead that these cells migrate poorly in vivo because of an abnormal interaction with extravascular connective tissue matrix constituents. PMID- 7044450 TI - Treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. AB - Patients with PNH may be treated with a number of known agents. As in all patients with a chronic disease, a regimen tolerable over a long period of time must be selected. Knowledge and anticipation of complications and their proper treatment are essential parts in the treatment. When these principals are used, many patients may live reasonable lives for very long periods of time. PMID- 7044451 TI - Cell competence for industion of differentiation by insulin and other compounds in myeloid leukemic clones continuously cultured in serum-free medium. AB - Clones of myeloid leukemic cells varying in their competence for induction of differentiation have been continuously grown in serum-free medium. In the medium used, which contained transferrin, the growth rates of these cells were nearly similar to those found in serum-containing medium. The clones also maintained in this medium their competence for induction of differentiation by the normal macrophage and granulocyte differentiation-induction protein MGI-2, the steroid dexamethasone, and lipopolysaccharide. In contrast to the results with these inducters, some clones continuously cultured in a serum-free medium showed a gain of inducibility by insulin and another clone a gain of inducibility by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in low serum and serum-free medium. Induction of differentiation by these two compounds was therefore inhibited in these clones by the presence of serum. It is suggested that serum-free medium may also show the existence of other inducers of differentiation not detected in serum-containing medium and that these results are relevant to the possible therapeutic use of compounds such as insulin for the induction of normal differentiation in leukemic cells in vivo. PMID- 7044452 TI - The variation of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal capacity as a function of age: further evidence for heterogenicity of the stem cell compartment. PMID- 7044453 TI - Enhanced acceptance of regenerating bone marrow of random bred newborn mice by random bred adult mice. AB - Regenerating bone marrow of newborn random bred Sabra mice (9-13 days old) was obtained by the administration of two consecutive i.p. injections of hydroxyurea (HU) (2 x 100 mg/kg body wt), three days prior to collection of the marrow cells. The bone marrow of HU-treated newborn mice was assayed for CFU-S, CFU-C and plasma-clot-diffusion-chamber (PCDC) progenitor cells. A fourfold content of CFU S was found in the regenerating bone marrow compared with that of the control marrow, while the level of CFU-C and PCDC progenitor cells was the same in treated and untreated newborn mice. In lethally irradiated adult, random bred Sabra recipient mice, transfused with regenerating bone marrow from newborn mice, the initial survival rate was greater than in irradiated animals receiving normal newborn marrow (75% as against 50%); marrow repopulation, 10-14 days after transfusion, was also greater in the former than in the latter group of animals (1.5-2x10(6) nucleated cells per femur as compared with 08.-2x10(5)). The bone marrow of these groups of mice was assayed for CFU-S, CFU-C and PCDC progenitor cells; with a cell inoculum of 5 x 10(4) i.v., 10(5) in vitro and 5 x 10(4) per DC, respectively, pluripotent and committed stem cells were detected in the experimental group and were lacking in control recipients. Regenerating bone marrow of newborn mice was also transfused into lethally irradiated splenectomized recipients. In this experimental group there was high mortality, low marrow repopulation and lack of CFU-S (5-10 x 10(4) cell inoculum). The results of this study indicate that, despite genetic differences among random bred Sabra mice, regenerating bone marrow of newborn mice "takes better" than normal marrow in lethally irradiated recipients. Improved marrow acceptance is possibly due to the increased content of activated CFU-S and/or pre-CFU-S in the regenerating bone marrow PMID- 7044454 TI - "To love and to work". Adlerian thoughts on an anecdote about Freud. PMID- 7044455 TI - Anorexia nervosa: Helene Deutsch, M.D. PMID- 7044456 TI - Bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis. PMID- 7044457 TI - Lens implantation. Thirty years of progress. PMID- 7044458 TI - Repair of lower leg injuries with fascio-cutaneous flaps. AB - Experience with sixteen consecutive cases of lower leg skin loss has confirmed the reliability of Ponten's fascio-cutaneous or "super flap" (1981) in the management of these difficult injuries. The technique has several important advantages compared with the conventional lower leg flaps of both the ipsi lateral and cross-leg variety. PMID- 7044459 TI - The use of preputial skin to replace conjunctiva and to correct ectropion. AB - The prepuce can provide a large amount of soft delicate skin suitable for replacement of lost conjunctiva or in the surgical treatment of ectropion. Three typical examples of its uses are described: two of ectropion following burns and one case with a carcinoma of the conjunctive which was excised and replaced with a free graft from the inner lining layer of the prepuce. PMID- 7044461 TI - Bone graft viability in vascularized bone graft transfer. AB - Five cases of vascularized bone grafts were analysed to determine viability using angiography 6-8 weeks after surgery and radionuclide bone imaging 8-10 weeks after surgery. The results were comparable to each other and to clinical progress. Both examinations were considered useful in assessment of these cases. PMID- 7044462 TI - Treatment of T3 bladder cancer: controlled trial of pre-operative radiotherapy and radical cystectomy versus radical radiotherapy. PMID- 7044463 TI - Ureteric colic due to migrating shotgun pellet. PMID- 7044464 TI - Skin closure of inguinal herniorrhaphy wounds in short-stay patients. AB - One hundred and twenty-two inguinal hernias were repaired in a consecutive series of 104 patients. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. In one, 66 wounds were closed by the traditional method of using interrupted non-absorbable skin sutures. In the second group, 56 wounds were closed with subcuticular Dexon sutures. The results of the two methods of skin closure were compared in the immediate postoperative period, at 2 weeks, 3 months and at more than 18 months after surgery. The final appearance of the wounds was similar in the two groups. Dexon has the advantage for short-stay patients of not requiring removal. PMID- 7044465 TI - Conservative treatment of inoperable arterial occlusions of the lower extremities with intra-arterial prostaglandin E1. AB - Prostaglandin E1 has a strong vasodilator effect, it inhibits the aggregation of platelets and improves the microcirculation. The hormone is synthesized from arachidonic acid and 80-90 per cent is eliminated in the first transit of the pulmonary circulation. From 1 January 1978 to 30 June 1981 100 patients suffering from inoperable occlusion of the arteries of the lower limbs and facing amputation were treated with intra-arterial PGE1 by prolonged perfusion over an average period of 34 days. PGE1 0.1-0.2 ng kg-1 body weight min-1 was administered. Forty-seven of 100 legs were saved; 22 of 29 patients suffering from diabetes requiring insulin had to undergo amputation, but only 1 of 18 patients suffering from thromboangiitis obliterans had to have an amputation. The results of treatment in the 52 cases of uncomplicated arteriosclerosis lie in between, with 18 amputations. The complications that followed treatment were haemorrhage, arterial thrombosis, infection and mycotic aneurysms. PMID- 7044460 TI - Eighth Gaddum Memorial Lecture. University of London Institute of Education, December 1980. Biological importance of prostacyclin. PMID- 7044466 TI - Impotence in vascular disease: relationship to vascular surgery. AB - This review considers diagnosis and treatment of vasculogenic impotence. It describes current information related to normal mechanisms of penile erection and pathophysiology of organic impotence, methods of preoperative diagnosis, quantitative evaluation of penile blood flow and operative techniques to be employed in aneurysmal or occlusive aorto-iliac disease. The importance of preserving internal iliac flow and neural fibres enervating the genitalia is stressed. Large vessel reconstructions have proved practical in maintaining or restoring normal erectile function, but at present reconstructions of isolated pudendal or penile artery occlusions are experimental. Medical therapy can be effective in certain marginal cases of small vessel occlusion. PMID- 7044467 TI - A controlled trial of plasma lipid reduction in peripheral atherosclerosis--an interim report. PMID- 7044468 TI - Extrathoracic management of aortic arch syndrome. AB - The English literature on extrathoracic procedures for aortic arch syndrome spanning the 19-year period 1962-1980 has been reviewed. Fifty publications reporting on 787 operations were selected for analysis. The overall results were excellent in terms of safety and long term symptomatic relief. Unilateral carotid based operations appear preferable to longer crossover bypasses in the majority of patients. It is suggested that transthoracic reconstruction remain the approach of choice for innominate artery disease and multiple bilateral arch branch occlusions in good-risk patients. PMID- 7044469 TI - Effects of anaerobic and microaerophilic conditions of extraction and incubation on the survival of Treponema pallidum in vitro. AB - Treponema pallidum extracted from infected rabbit testes under anaerobic conditions survived longer in vitro than those extracted under aerobic conditions. Anaerobically extracted treponemes were incubated anaerobically for 0, 12, 24, 36, or 48 hours and then exposed to microaerophilic conditions (3% oxygen) for further incubation. Treponemes transferred to microaerophilic conditions after 36 or 48 hours' anaerobic incubation maintained significantly greater viability compared with those kept under constant microaerophilic conditions, although there was no difference after 12 or 24 hours. T pallidum incubated under constant anaerobic conditions, however, usually maintained greater viability than those kept under constant microaerophilic conditions. These results suggest that T pallidum is sensitive to oxygen toxicity both during initial extraction from orchitic rabbit testes and subsequent incubation in vitro. In the latter case, it can be partially protected by a period of anaerobic incubation in vitro, before exposure to microaerophilic conditions. PMID- 7044470 TI - Evaluation of the role of the Treponema pallidum immobilisation test in Britain. AB - After specimens of sera from 100000 patients had been screened by a reagin and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) 2.7% required further examination. The fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) test confirmed either a negative or positive TPHA result in 95% of the samples, so that no further investigations were required. This accounted for 99% of the specimens submitted to the laboratory. Repeat tests on a further sample resolved many of the remaining discrepancies. Only 0.05% of patients, in whom repeat tests confirmed a positive TPHA but a negative FTA-ABS result, benefited from a TPI test. PMID- 7044471 TI - The influence of immunopotentiators on sucking piglets with special reference to the incidence of pig scour. PMID- 7044472 TI - The diagnosis of ocular disease in the dog and cat. PMID- 7044473 TI - Distribution of nervous system-specific forms of enolase in peripheral tissues. AB - The distribution of 3 forms of rat enolase (alpha alpha, alpha gamma and gamma gamma forms), including nervous system-specific forms (alpha gamma and gamma gamma), was determined in various tissues with a sensitive enzyme immunoassay system. The brain and spinal cord contained more than 100 pmol/mg protein of the alpha alpha, alpha gamma and gamma gamma enolases. Organs such as the lungs, heart, spleen, liver, and kidney contained similarly high levels of alpha alpha enolase, but these tissues contained alpha gamma and gamma gamma enolases at levels less than 1% of the central nervous tissues. High levels of the alpha gamma (greater than 10 pmol/mg) and the gamma gamma (greater than 1.5 pmol/mg) forms were found in rectum, bladder, and uterus. In gut, major portions of the nervous system-specific forms were localized in the muscle layers. Skeletal muscle and diaphragm, which are composed of striated muscle, contained low levels of 3 forms of enolase. Megakaryocytes separated from the suspension of bone marrow contained 11.3, and 0.53 amol/cell of the alpha alpha and gamma gamma enolases, respectively, with little, if any, of the alpha gamma form. PMID- 7044474 TI - [Eulogy for Alfred Weiss]. PMID- 7044475 TI - [Eulogy for Etienne Bernard (1893-1980)]. PMID- 7044476 TI - [Information processing and perinatality]. PMID- 7044477 TI - [Management of acute renal insufficiency in myeloma and certain types of glomerulonephritis with plasma exchange]. PMID- 7044478 TI - [Intra-uterine sound and fetal auditory perception]. PMID- 7044479 TI - [The bases of tomodensitometry (scanner)]. PMID- 7044480 TI - [A seminar on tomodensitometry of the body]. PMID- 7044481 TI - [Transaxial emission tomography (isotopic scanography)]. PMID- 7044482 TI - [Pathology of gastro-intestinal hormones]. PMID- 7044483 TI - [Experimental sudden death models]. PMID- 7044484 TI - [Edouard Seguin and special education]. PMID- 7044485 TI - [Teaching in French at the Shanghai College of Medicine No. 2 (the former Aurore University)]. PMID- 7044486 TI - [Questioning the universality of the genetic code]. PMID- 7044487 TI - [Equivalency of medical studies between France and the Federal Republic of Germany. Results of 10 years' work of the Rennes pilot study. Erlangen/Nurnberg]. PMID- 7044488 TI - [Maternal mortality in France]. PMID- 7044489 TI - [Eulogy of Robert Waitz (1900-1978)]. PMID- 7044490 TI - [20 years of surgery of the common bile duct (1960-79). Change or continuity?]. PMID- 7044491 TI - [Metabolism of monocarbons and the fragile X syndrome]. PMID- 7044492 TI - [Electrophysiologic tests of auditory pathways in clinical medicine]. PMID- 7044493 TI - [Chances of discovery in therapeutics or the drug adventure]. PMID- 7044494 TI - [Current concepts of X-linked myopathies and social consequences of their diagnosis (apropos of 88 cases)]. PMID- 7044495 TI - [Electrophoresis of serum lipoproteins in man and normal adult dogs. Remarks on experiments]. PMID- 7044496 TI - [Rheological properties of the terminal intestine in Hirschsprung's disease]. PMID- 7044497 TI - pH dependence of free and immobilized yeast alcohol dehydrogenase kinetics. AB - A study was made of the influence of pH on the reaction between NAD and ethanol, catalyzed by yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, both in free solution and attached to the inner surface of a nylon tube. A new least-squares analysis of the results has been devised; it is simpler to apply and is more realistic than those previously employed. Analysis of the results for the free enzyme indicated that the free enzyme has two active ionizing groups having pK values of about 6.6 and 8.8. These pK values undergo only small changes when the enzyme is bound to NAD and when it is bound to both NAD and ethanol. With the immobilized enzyme and saturating concentrations of ethanol the rates went through a maximum as the pH was varied from 6.5 to 10.0. With saturating concentrations of NAD there was a steady increase in rate, with no falling off at pH 10. Immobilization generally brought about an increase in the pK values. These increases are attributed partly to a residual negative surface charge which attracts the leaving H+ ions. They are also attributed partly to the formation in the reaction of H+ ions, which cause the local pH to be lower than that in the bulk solution. This effect is more important with saturating NAD ions, since the buffer anions will then be less mobile and less able to mediate the movement of protons. PMID- 7044498 TI - A method for the specific inhibition of poly[d(A-T)] synthesis using the A-T specific quinoxaline antibiotic TANDEM. AB - A serious problem in the replication of repeating-sequence DNa polymers using Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I arises from the fact that this polymerase has a very strong preference for the replication of poly[d(A-T)]. Thus reactions primed with DNA containing small amounts of contaminating poly[d(A-T)] will eventually result in complete domination of the synthesis by poly[d(A-T)]. This problem can be overcome by the addition to the reaction mixture of the synthetic quinoxaline antibiotic TANDEM which binds specifically to poly[d(A-T)] completely inhibiting its replication. Using thermal denaturation experiments it can be shown that TANDEM does not bind to most other synthetic DNA polymers (e.g., poly(dA) . poly(dT) and poly[d(A-T-C)] . poly[d(G-A-T)] and therefore their replication is not inhibited. The only exception we have encountered is poly[d(T-A-C)] . poly[d(G-T-A)] which does bind TANDEM and therefore the drug cannot be used during the synthesis of this polymer. The fact that poly[d(T-A-C)] . poly[d(G-T A)] does bind TANDEM while poly[d(A-T-C)] . poly[d(G-A-T)] does not, suggests that the drug recognizes T-A rather than A-T sequences. PMID- 7044499 TI - Mitochondrial genome diversity and the evolution of mitochondrial DNA. PMID- 7044500 TI - Injection defect in alkylated and depurinated T7 bacteriophage: analysis by DNA ejection. AB - Using DNA ejection in vitro as a model, we have studied the DNA injection defect caused by alkylation and depurination of T7 bacteriophage. Phage was alkylated with 0.02 M methyl methanesulfonate for 2 h at 37 degrees C; alkylated phage was then incubated 24 h at 30 degrees C to induce depurination. These samples were treated with formamide to cause DNA ejection without dissociation of the phage capsid. After ejection, the phage preparations were analyzed by electron microscopy. DNA lengths in capsid-DNA complexes were measured; relative numbers of full, empty, and partially empty phage heads were determined. To establish the direction of DNA ejection, E. coli RNA polymerase was bound to capsid-DNA complexes. The results showed that DNA was partially ejected from both alkylated and depurinated phages. In the alkylated sample, RNA polymerase was bound to the DNA end distal to the capsid; this showed that ejection started from the genetic left end. We interpret these results to show, in confirmation of earlier results obtained by marker rescue, that alkylation causes T7 phage to partially inject its DNA, starting from the genetic left end. For depurinated phage, our results suggest that partial DNA injection is responsible, in this case as well, for the already documented injection defect. PMID- 7044501 TI - Structural studies on yeast nucleosomes. AB - Mononucleosomes isolated from micrococcal nuclease digests of stationary phase chromatin of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were compared both compositionally and physiochemically with those from chicken and bovine calf. It was found that while yeast mononucleosomes are similar in composition, their thermal denaturation profiles and circular dichroism spectra indicate a less constrained structure. Furthermore, yeast nucleosomes were discovered to be labile in solutions of low ionic strength and could not be reconstituted by methods applicable to calf and chicken nucleosomes. On the basis of the reconstitution of a hybrid nucleosome containing calf histones H2A, H2B, and H3 and yeast histone H4, it was concluded that variations in the yeast H4 sequence are unlikely to be responsible for the apparent decrease in the stability of yeast nucleosomes. Examinations of histone-histone interactions in free solution revealed a change in the H3-H4 interaction and together with the previously published results of other researchers it was inferred that changes in the H3 sequence might be responsible for this structural variation. PMID- 7044502 TI - Epithelial downgrowth after penetrating keratoplasty. AB - Epithelial downgrowth after penetrating keratoplasty in very uncommon. This paper describes a case in which epithelium invaded the anterior chamber through a fistula in the suture scar from a cataract operation 15 years previously. The epithelium completely circled the endothelial margin of the corneal graft but did not advance into the centre of the graft. Traumatized corneal endothelial cells lose their property of contact inhibition, which permits epithelial growth, whereas normal endothelium is able to resist epithelial downgrowth. PMID- 7044503 TI - Renal intracortical blood flow and renin secretion after denervation by 6 hydroxydopamine. AB - A new method of unilateral renal denervation (DNX) was developed in dogs by rapidly injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the renal artery with simultaneous collection of the venous effluent to avoid systemic effects. The procedure induced a 93.1 +/- 2.7% destruction of the adrenergic innervation as assessed by a histochemical fluorescence technique. A comparative study of both kidneys was carried out 3 days after DNX. Renal blood flow (RBF) and its cortical distribution were measured with radioactive microspheres at mean perfusion pressures of 117 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa) (normotension) and 70 mmHg (hypotension). The comparison of renal perfusion between kidney halves revealed a remarkable perfusion symmetry during normotension and hypotension in both the intact and the DNX kidney. Renal DNX by 6-OHDA did not alter RBF when the kidneys were perfused at normotension. During hypotension, RBF fell by 45% on the control side, while a nonsignificant decrease was noted in the DNX kidney. The redistribution of blood flow to inner cortical zones was less marked in the DNX side during hypotension. The DNX kidney did not release renin during normotension, but exhibited a normal renin response to hypotension. These data are partly in agreement with classical denervation models, and indicate that (1) denervation by 6-OHDA protects renal perfusion during hypotension; and (2) the redistribution of blood flow to inner cortical nephrons is independent of release of renin, but modulated by adrenergic innervation. PMID- 7044504 TI - Selective assimilation of selenite by Escherichia coli. AB - The assimilation of selenite by Escherichia coli involves a transport process specific for this anion. Cystine, a repressor of sulfate and selenite uptake, when added to the growth medium, had no effect on selenite uptake; nor did sulfite inhibit assimilation of selenite. Cells grown aerobically in a basic salts medium transported selenite at an initial rate of 0.14 mumol . g-1 min-1 and a Vmax of 393.0 mumol. g-1 . min-1. In contrast, cells grown in a medium that contained the trace elements necessary for synthesis of the selenoenzyme formate dehydrogenase took up selenite at a significantly faster rate (initial rate = 0.27 mumol . g-1 . min-1, Vmax = 658.2 mumol . g-1 . min-1). Km values for the transport process in the two media, however, were found to be similar. The results suggest the existence of a metabolic pathway, specific for selenite, responsible for the incorporation of selenium into formate dehydrogenase.U PMID- 7044505 TI - Rapid detection of bacteremia caused by Enterobacteriaceae with subculture in broth and laser nephelometry. AB - The early detection of Gram-negative rod bacteremia favors the prompt institution of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. During a 6-week period, blood cultures were subcultured in broth during the first 18 h of incubation. The turbidity of these subcultures was studied by laser nephelometry. Fifty-five percent of the blood cultures positive for Enterobacteriaceae were reported on the same day the sample was taken from the patient; this constitutes a marked acceleration in comparison with the results obtained by a conventional method. The identification and results of the antimicrobial susceptibility tests were available 2 days after the specimen was taken. Early subculture in broth combined with laser nephelometry studies of broth turbidity is readily applied to the study of bacteremia due to Enterobacteriaceae and may favorably influence the outcome of such disease by providing specific results more rapidly. PMID- 7044506 TI - Unicameral bone cyst. AB - A 28-year experience with 76 unicameral bone cysts is reviewed and compared to other large series and recommended treatments recorded in the English literature. Particular attention is paid to the importance of recurrence in relation to the need for secondary operations and in contrast to the disability caused by enforced restriction of activity. Evidence is presented suggesting that, in spite of residual radiologic changes, the disability is frequently insufficient to warrant a second operation. Most unicameral bone cysts probably run their own course, not always greatly affected by treatment, with very satisfactory end results. PMID- 7044507 TI - Maquet osteotomy for chondromalacia patellae: avoiding the pitfalls. AB - The authors' modification of the classic Maquet procedure of anterior displacement of the tibial tubercle allows effective decompression of the patellofemoral joint. Strict adherence to the modified technique has prevented all major complications. Forty-four patients underwent this procedure. They were divided into a retrospective group of 20 and a prospective group of 24. Nine patients in the prospective group had the modified Maquet procedure following a failed Hauser operation. All had an excellent result due to decrease in the patellofemoral compression force. The modified Maquet procedure was also valuable in those who had an extensor lag following patellectomy (two patients), failed proximal realignment (three patients) and failed patellar shaving procedures (three patients). PMID- 7044508 TI - Legionellosis in British Columbia. PMID- 7044509 TI - Endomyocardial biopsy: its history, techniques and current indications. AB - Endomyocardial biopsy has found wide application as a diagnostic tool in the practice of cardiology and is of great clinical use in selected cardiac disorders. It is indispensable in the management of cardiac transplant recipients and has become increasingly valuable in the diagnosis of myocarditis and certain cardiomyopathies. Technical difficulties have been overcome, and the procedure is straightforward and of low risk in experienced hands. It is hoped that advances in endomyocardial biopsy will lead to a greater ability of physicians to diagnose and treat cardiac disease. PMID- 7044510 TI - Diagnosis of systemic or visceral candidosis. AB - Although systemic or visceral candidosis can be diagnosed during life, it is usually discovered at autopsy. Early diagnosis is important since treatment with specific antifungal drugs is effective. The diagnosis should rest on all available clinical and laboratory evidence. Mucocutaneous lesions and chorioretinitis are important clinical findings in the presence of predisposing illness and iatrogenic factors. Repeatedly positive blood cultures for Candida in the absence of an indwelling intravenous line and Candida colony counts of 10 000/ml or greater in urine freshly obtained by catheter in the absence of an indwelling Foley catheter are very significant. Similarly significant is recovery of Candida from closed spaces (pleural, peritoneal, joint or subarachnoid). The agar gel diffusion test for Candida antibodies has a sensitivity and specificity of 85% or greater and can confirm the diagnosis in otherwise doubtful cases. The various antibody tests for Candida are not suitable for random screening because of the low prevalence of visceral or systemic candidosis in the general population. PMID- 7044511 TI - Malaria acquired by accidental inoculation. PMID- 7044512 TI - Results of renal transplantation in a small centre. PMID- 7044513 TI - Dr. Augusta Stowe-Gullen: a pioneer of social conscience. PMID- 7044514 TI - Autoimmune skin diseases in the dog. AB - Diagnoses of autoimmune skin diseases require very careful observation of the skin lesions, and selection of an intact vesicle for histopathological examination. If available, immunofluorescent studies can be very useful in confirming the diagnosis of autoimmune skin disease. Seven autoimmune skin diseases are briefly reviewed. Therapy must be aggressive and owner warned of the guarded prognosis. PMID- 7044515 TI - A minireview of the pathogenesis of acute leptospirosis. AB - Hemorrhagic diathesis is one of the most striking manifestations in acute leptospirosis. Hemorrhages are seen in infections due to Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae as well as in those caused by Leptospira pomona. Thrombocytopenia is a constant feature and its finding can be useful for the diagnosis. Attempts to demonstrate the presence of a toxin in leptospires were unsuccessful. A few years ago, a syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation was associated with the physiopathogenesis of experimental leptospirosis with L. icterohaemorrhagiae. More recently, this syndrome was identified in cases of human leptospirosis and in hamsters infected with L. pomona. It appears now that other spirochetal infections (borreliosis) have a similar pathogenesis. Nonetheless, many points are still unclear: the primary cause of disseminated intravascular coagulation is unknown, as well as the virulence factors of spirochetes. Some points favor the presence of a toxic factor in leptospires: vascular damage that occurs in the absence of leptospires in damaged areas and the fact that antibiotic therapy is ineffective unless treatment is initiated early in the disease. PMID- 7044516 TI - Acute selenium toxicity in neonatal calves. PMID- 7044517 TI - Favorable factors in the adjuvant therapy of breast cancer. AB - One hundred seventy-one patients received one year of melphalan or intermittent cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil after mastectomy for breast cancer with involved axillary nodes. Analysis with a median follow-up of three years indicates a favorable outcome only for patients with 1-3 positive nodes who were treated with melphalan and who experienced a leukocyte count less than 3,000/mm3 (3.0 X 10(9)/l). Tumor size, average percentage of dose received, menopausal status, and type of chemotherapy were not significant factors in recurrence of disease, after adjustment for the number of positive nodes and leukocyte count nadir during treatment based on a multifactorial analysis. These data suggest that administration of a dose of melphalan which does not produce a leukocyte count of less than 3,000/mm3 is ineffective in preventing early recurrence of disease. Since oral melphalan is known to be erratically absorbed, lack of hematologic toxicity may well be due to variable absorption of the drug on a fixed-dose region. Failure to prevent recurrence of disease in this and other trials using oral melphalan may be due to chemotherapy-related as well as disease-related factors. PMID- 7044518 TI - Efficacy study of intensive cis-platin therapy in advanced non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Thirty patients with advanced non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma were treated with cis-platin, 75 mg/M2 weekly for three weeks, then every three weeks. Eighteen were ambulatory, 22 had distant metastases, 14 had prior irradiation, and none had prior chemotherapy. Ten patients (33%) had objective remissions lasting a median of three months. Responders lived a median of five months, compared to three months for nonresponders. Transient mild azotemia was noted in twelve patients. Cis-platin has definite but modest activity in non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7044519 TI - Homogeneous populations of macrophages from histiocytic lymphoma patients as a source for macrophage subpopulations which differ in immunoregulatory properties. AB - The existence of subpopulations of macrophages which express a variety of regulatory activities of other branches of the immune system is suggested in a comparative study of a human macrophage long term culture ZI and a macrophage cell line DAB-1. Both cell cultures were derived from pleural effusions of patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. DAB-1 cells were found to secrete factors which strongly suppress the response of normal T and B lymphocytes to the mitogens PHA, Con-A and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) (by 96-98%) and to stimulate the cytotoxic activity of NK cells. ZI cells secrete factors which have a mild inhibitory effect on the response of lymphocytes to the T-cell mitogens PHA and Con-A and a stimulatory effect on the response to PWM, whereas very little effect could be detected on the activity of NK cells. While DAB-1 cells form large clusters during growth in culture, and are capable of inducing the formation of lymphocyte rosettes around the tumor cells, ZI cells grow as a homogeneous monolayer and could not be shown to form such rosettes. The differences in the behavior of the two cell populations suggest that the malignant transformation may have affected different subsets of macrophages in each case. Cells from histiocytic lymphoma patients may therefore be a source for homogeneous subpopulations of macrophages and their isolation and propagation in culture is one approach by which such subsets can be defined characterized and classified. The biological characterization of macrophage subsets may also be of clinical importance since a transformed subset with broad suppressory activities may lead to a violet and rapidly deteriorating course of disease, as was in the case of the patient from whom the DAB-1 cell line was derived. PMID- 7044520 TI - Diffuse large cell and undifferentiated lymphomas with prominent mediastinal involvement. AB - This report describes 11 adults with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who presented with symptoms caused by large mediastinal masses. Patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma were excluded from this analysis. Most of the patients were young women with localized disease at presentation. Ten tumors were diffuse large cell ("histiocytic") lymphomas and one was a diffuse, undifferentiated lymphoma, non Burkitt's type. According to the Lukes' and Collins' classification scheme, seven were large cleaved cell type, three were large noncleaved and one was small noncleaved cell type. Sclerosis was present in four cases. Despite aggressive therapy nine patients died within 26 months of diagnosis and only two remain disease-free. Median survival of these patients was 16 months. Patients with symptomatic mediastinal masses and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas composed predominantly of large cell appear to share certain clinico-pathologic features and to present a poor prognosis subset of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 7044521 TI - Mutagenicity of N-nitroso bile acid conjugates in Salmonella typhimurium and diploid human lymphoblasts. AB - Two N-nitroso bile acid conjugates, N-nitrosotaurocholic acid and N nitrosoglycocholic acid, were tested for mutagenicity by forward mutation assay in Salmonella typhimurium TM 677 and in diploid human lymphoblasts, line TK6. N Nitrosoglycocholic acid and N-nitrosotaurocholic acid showed similar concentration-response curves in the bacterial assay with statistically significant mutant fractions observed at about 0.12 mM. Nonnitrosated parent compounds were nonmutagenic. However, in the human cell assay, N nitrosotaurocholic acid gave statistically significant mutant fractions only at 0.4 mM, but N-nitrosoglycocholic acid was mutagenic at 0.05 microM, some 9000 times more potent. Experiments with quantitative Ames' S. typhimurium reversion assays indicated mutagenesis via base substitution. PMID- 7044522 TI - delta 1-testololactone: clinical trials'. PMID- 7044523 TI - Tamoxifen and aminoglutethimide in advanced breast cancer. AB - Tamoxifen (TAM), a standard endocrine treatment for advanced breast cancer, probably acts by competing for the estrogen receptor protein in the breast tumor cells. If so, resistance to TAM may be a function of the level of the available endogenous estrogen. Inhibition of estrogen synthesis by aminoglutethimide may therefore facilitate the action of the antiestrogen. To test this hypothesis, the two agents were given concurrently (a) to patients who had become resistant to TAM and (b) to patients who had never received TAM in a randomized cross-over study against TAM alone. Patients with estrogen receptor protein-negative disease were excluded. Estrogen and aminoglutethimide levels were measured serially. In the first study, four of 26 patients experienced partial responses, and four of 26, stabilization of their disease. In the randomized study, four of 11 patients on the combination and three of nine on TAM alone had responses. Two patients on the combination and three on TAM alone had stabilization of disease. In the first group, the low rate of response may be attributed to extensive prior treatment. In the randomized study, there is presently no clear advantage for one treatment, and overall, there was no statistically significant correlation between degree of estrogen suppression, aminoglutethimide level, and response. The findings do not exclude the possibility that these agents may act in breast cancer by mechanisms other than inhibition of estrogen receptor. PMID- 7044524 TI - Antiestrogen treatment of breast cancer: an overview. AB - The nonsteroidal antiestrogen tamoxifen has emerged as a highly effective, nontoxic endocrine therapy for women with Stage IV and II estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Tamoxifen appears to act by blocking endogenous estrogen action at the target tissue level rather than by suppression of circulating estrogen levels. In a series of 113 consecutive, selected patients with Stage IV breast cancer, tamoxifen induced objective remissions in 50% lasting an average period of 21 + months and a median period of 16 months. These results are comparable to previous results with surgical hypophysectomy. Recent randomized studies comparing pharmacological doses of estrogen versus tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with Stage IV breast cancer have shown comparable results with these two treatment modalities. Antiestrogen therapy has been shown to be effective in some patients after prior endocrine additive therapy and, in particularly, after ablative procedures, such as ovariectomy, adrenalectomy, and hypophysectomy. It has been shown that circulating estrogens are not completely eliminated following ablation of these endocrine glands, which may account for the effectiveness of antiestrogen in this setting. Other endocrine therapies have been shown to be effective after prior treatment with antiestrogen. Hypophysectomy can induced remissions in 60% of patients who initially responded to tamoxifen and in 25% of patients who failed to benefit from tamoxifen. Recent studies have shown that aminoglutethimide plus hydrocortisone may also induce remissions in some patients after prior treatment with tamoxifen. This latter finding is of particular interest since aminoglutethimide is thought to work by blocking estrogen production, and the finding suggests that tamoxifen does not completely block all endogenous estrogen activity. Fluoxymesterone has been shown to induce remissions after tamoxifen or after tamoxifen plus hypophysectomy, and there was no correlation between the response to antiestrogen abd subsequent response to androgen. Because of its effectiveness and minimal side effects, tamoxifen is considered to be an initial endocrine therapy of choice in women with breast cancer. However, it has its limitations, as demonstrated by the results of secondary endocrine therapies such as hypophysectomy, medical adrenalectomy, and androgen therapy. PMID- 7044525 TI - Tamoxifen versus aminoglutethimide versus combined tamoxifen and aminoglutethimide in the treatment of advanced breast carcinoma. AB - In a control randomized cross-over trial, 117 patients with advanced breast cancer were treated initially either with tamoxifen (10 mg p.o. twice daily) or aminoglutethimide (250 mg p.o. 4 times daily) with hydrocortisone (20 mg twice daily). Patients failing to respond or relapsing were switched to the alternative treatment. Eighteen (30%) of the 60 patients initially treated with tamoxifen achieved an objective response, and 11 (18%) achieved stable disease. Seventeen (30%) of the 57 patients treated initially with aminoglutethimide achieved an objective response, and 13 (23%) achieved stable disease. Aminoglutethimide achieved a 35% objective response and a further 26% subjective bone pain relief in patients with bone metastases (overall, 61%) compared with a 17% objective response and a further 17% objective bone pain relief with tamoxifen (total, 34%). None of six premenopausal patients responded to aminoglutethimide compared with two of four responding to tamoxifen. The median response duration to aminoglutethimide was 16 months compared with 20 months for tamoxifen. Side effects for aminoglutethimide (including lethargy, rash, and depression) were more common than for tamoxifen, and 7% of aminoglutethimide-treated patients had to discontinue treatment because of these compared with 0% on tamoxifen. In cross over studies, 6 of 12 tamoxifen responders who relapsed achieved a second response to aminoglutethimide (50%), as did 6 of 29 patients who initially failed to respond to tamoxifen (21%). In contrast, none of 11 patients relapsing after response to aminoglutethimide achieved a second response to tamoxifen; only 1 of 18 nonresponders to aminoglutethimide subsequently responded to tamoxifen (6%). In a subsequent study in which 62 patients were treated with combined tamoxifen and aminoglutethimide, the overall response rate of 37% was not significantly better than that for either agent used alone. PMID- 7044526 TI - Randomized trial of aminoglutethimide versus tamoxifen in metastatic breast cancer. AB - We compared antiestrogen therapy (tamoxifen) with an estrogen suppression regimen (aminoglutethimide-hydrocortisone) in postmenopausal women with metastatic breast carcinoma. Fifteen of 39 patients (38%) who received tamoxifen experienced an objective tumor regression (3 complete, 12 partial remissions), whereas 13 of 36 women (36%) receiving aminoglutethimide responded (one complete remission, 12 partial remissions). The median duration of response was similar. The site of tumor involvement appears to be important in choosing between these hormonal treatments. Aminoglutethimide appears to offer a greater chance of response in patients with bone involvement. PMID- 7044527 TI - Comparison of surgical adrenalectomy to medical adrenalectomy in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 7044528 TI - Clinical trial of multiple endocrine therapy for metastatic and locally advanced breast cancer with tamoxifen-aminoglutethimide-danazol compared to tamoxifen used alone. AB - Multiple-endocrine therapy with combinations of various types of treatment has not been evaluated properly in spite of the success of individual types of hormone treatment. This paper reports the early results of a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing tamoxifen (10 mg 2 times/day)-amino glutethimide (250 mg 3 times/day)-danazol (100 mg 3 times/day)-hydrocortisone (20 mg 2 times/day) (TAD) with tamoxifen (10 mg 2 times/day). Analysis of the first 107 assessable patients indicates objective response (criteria of the International Union Against Cancer) in 33% of patients receiving tamoxifen versus 50% of patients receiving TAD. Duration of response to TAD is identical to duration of response to tamoxifen alone. TAD is well tolerated, and toxicity, although greater than or tamoxifen, is acceptable. PMID- 7044529 TI - Progress report on two clinical trials in women with advanced breast cancer. Trial I: tamoxifen versus tamoxifen plus aminoglutethimide. Trial II: aminoglutethimide in patients with prior tamoxifen exposure. AB - A progress report is presented on two on-going clinical trials in women with advanced breast cancer. In Trial I to date, 56 patients have been randomized to tamoxifen (TAM) alone or TAM plus aminoglutethimide (AG) (plus hydrocortisone). Patients failing TAM can then receive AG. The two groups are reasonably well balanced with respect to prior hormonal therapy exposure (TAM, 19%; TAM plus AG, 17%), age, disease-free interval, performance score, and estrogen receptor status. The TAM plus AG group has a higher incidence of visceral dominant disease (41 versus 26%) and prior chemotherapy exposure (41 versus 33%). Responses have been observed in 7 of 27 (26%) patients on TAM and 11 of 28 (39%) on TAM plus AG. Median times to treatment failure (defined as disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or patient refusal) are 211 and 123 days, respectively (log-rank on time to treatment failure, p = 0.87). Toxicity is greater for TAM plus AG with a higher incidence of skin rash, lethargy, and dizziness. Thrombotic events were seen in one patient on TAM and two patients on TAM plus AG. One patient on TAM plus AG developed leukopenia and sepsis. The data are too preliminary for one to draw firm conclusions regarding relative efficacy. In TRial II to date, 35 patients with prior tamoxifen exposure have received AG. The mean number of prior systemic therapies is 3.2 (range, 1 to 7). The response rate is 20% and similar with (21%) or without (19%) prior chemotherapy exposure. The median time to treatment failure is 92 days. One patient developed leukopenia and sepsis. Additional patient accrual is necessary to allow characterization of potential efficacy within prognostically important subsets. PMID- 7044530 TI - Chronic myelocytic leukemia: comments on new approaches to therapy. PMID- 7044531 TI - Prognostic significance of the Lukes and Collins classification in patient treated with COMLA. AB - The Lukes and Collins classification was applied to 47 patients who received COMLA (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, leucovorin, and cytarabine) as initial treatment for diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL). Pathologic staging was complete in 39 of 47 patients; two patients had stage IIE disease, 17 had stage III, and 28 had stage IV. Complete remission, which was documented by extensive clinical restaging, was achieved in 25 (64%) of 39 patients with morphologic B-cell lymphomas and in only three of eight patients with non-B-cell lymphomas. The medial duration of complete remission is significantly longer in patients with B-cell lymphomas than in those with non-B-cell lymphomas (45 + versus 13 months, P less than 0.01). Among patients with DHL, median survival is significantly longer for those with B-cell lymphomas than for those with lymphoma of T-cell or in determinate origin (60 + versus 6 months, P less than 0.01). While DHL is regarded as a curable disease, patients not achieving complete remission are rarely salvaged; median survival for these patients was 10 months. The Lukes and Collins classification allows us to identify patients with DHL in whom newer therapies are needed for initial treatment. Further study may enable us to identify additional unfavorable subsets in the B-cell category. PMID- 7044532 TI - Limited squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: a Southwest Oncology Group randomized study of radiation with or without doxorubicin chemotherapy and with or without levamisole immunotherapy. AB - In 1976, the Southwest Oncology Group activated a four-arm randomized study of limited squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The purpose of this study was to determine if doxorubicin and/or levamisole added to radiation therapy improved the local control rate and survival in patients with limited squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Of the 107 eligible patients, 15 (14%) had complete responses and 20 (19%) had partial responses. When compared by chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and performance status, no statistically significant difference was found in response rates or in survival. Although not statistically significant, the survival and response rates of patients in the combined levamisole arms were shorter than those of patients in the combined arms not containing levamisole. Patients receiving radiation therapy alone had the best survival. The irradiated field was the site of failure in 68 (88%) of the 77 patients in whom the site of failure was specified. Fifty (65%) of the patients failed in the radiation therapy field only. Chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy as employed in this protocol were of no benefit. PMID- 7044533 TI - Combination chemotherapy for patients with relapsed malignant lymphoma using methyl-GAG and teniposide (VM-26). AB - We treated 45 patients with advanced malignant lymphoma, using a combination of methyl-GAG and teniposide (VM-26). All patients had received extensive prior treatment with combination chemotherapy with or without irradiation. Both methyl GAG (600 mg/m2) and VM-26 (100 mg/m2) were administered on Days 1 and 8 of the treatment protocol and, in responding patients, every 2 weeks thereafter. Partial responses occurred in six of 12 patients with Hodgkin's disease and in ten of 31 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The median duration of response for all patients was 3 1/2 months (range, 1 1/2-11). There were moderate toxic effects, including nausea, myalgia, weakness, and myelosuppression. Relative to our recent experience with methyl-GAG as a single agent, the addition of VM-26 to methyl-GAG did not produce a superior rate or duration of response in similar, heavily pretreated patient populations with malignant lymphoma; however, the combination caused considerably more myelotoxicity. We conclude that the use of VM-26 with methyl-GAG in this dose schedule offers no advantage over single-agent therapy. Methyl-GAG, when administered on a biweekly schedule, is effective and well tolerated. This agent should be considered for incorporation into chemotherapy protocols for the therapy of previously untreated patients with malignant lymphoma. PMID- 7044534 TI - Vincristine, BCNU, doxorubicin, and prednisone (VBAP) combination in the treatment of relapsing or resistant multiple myeloma: a Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - A total of 151 patients with myeloma who had relapsed with or were resistant to melphalan and/or cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) with prednisone received vincristine, carmustine (BCNU), doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and prednisone (VBAP) at 21-day intervals; 39 patients (25%) responded. Of the 123 patients with relapsing myeloma, 37 (30%) responded. Only two (7%) of the 28 patients with resistant myeloma responded. The regimen was well-tolerated in patients who had not had prior extensive irradiation. Thrombocytopenia was the most frequent form of toxicity. Survival was significantly longer in those patients responding to VBAP (median, 78 weeks) than in those not responding (median, 33 weeks) (P = 0.002). VBAP is a safe, effective regimen for patients with myeloma who relapse with alkylating agents. PMID- 7044535 TI - Phase III study of intermittent carmustine (BCNU), cyclophosphamide, and prednisone versus intermittent melphalan and prednisone in myeloma. AB - A prospective randomized trial in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma was performed comparing carmustine (BCNU), cyclophosphamide, and prednisone (BCP) to melphalan (Alkeran) and prednisone (AP). Induction response rates, remission duration, and survival were similar with both regimens. Hematologic toxicity was greater with AP. Crossover studies in patients who relapsed did not illustrate any significant activity with either drug treatment program. Therefore, BCP can be utilized as initial therapy in myeloma because of comparable remission rates and less hematologic toxicity. PMID- 7044536 TI - Trial of tamoxifen at a dose of 40 mg daily after disease progression during tamoxifen therapy at a dose of 20 mg daily. PMID- 7044537 TI - Cardiac surgery. Prologue: From Whence? PMID- 7044538 TI - Advances in the surgical management of congenital heart disease in infants and children. PMID- 7044539 TI - Role of surgery in infective endocarditis. PMID- 7044540 TI - Cardiac transplantation: should its use be expanded? PMID- 7044541 TI - Role of assist devices in managing low cardiac output. AB - Knowledge of the clinical applicability of short-term LVADs is in the early stages. Intermediate and long-term electrically-actuated devices appear to have the potential of clinical utility in those patients whose low cardiac output states are the result of the complications of atherosclerosis or the final common paths of a group of poorly-understood cardiomyopathies. Finally, the use of LVADs as bridges, alternatives and/or adjuncts to cardiac allografting is not without precedence and attractive possibilities are conceivable. Considerable overlap may exist between short, intermediate and long-term LVAD clinical utilization. The early experience with short-term devices strongly suggests that viable patient populations will emerge who will benefit from implantable devices with portable power sources of longer utility. PMID- 7044542 TI - Elective coronary surgery. PMID- 7044543 TI - Indications and results of surgery in unstable angina and Prinzmetal's variant angina. PMID- 7044544 TI - Progress in myocardial protection during cardiac operations.. PMID- 7044545 TI - Coagulative interventions during angiography. AB - Incident to his routine diagnostic and interventional activities, the angiographer is becoming increasingly involved in the manipulation of blood clotting factors. Since the field of hemostasis generally extends beyond the sphere of conventional angiographic training, an analysis of selected angiographic aspects was undertaken. This paper reviews and summarizes the fundamentals of coagulation, and appropriate methods for manipulating coagulation during angiography, particularly via heparin and protamine sulfate. Basic aspects of platelet activity, and modifications produced by aspirin and dipyridamole, have been emphasized. Finally, the nature of the fibrinolytic system, and the current role of systemic and selective fibrinolytic therapy have been depicted. PMID- 7044546 TI - Nucleolar antigens in human cancer cells. PMID- 7044547 TI - Pancreatic islets histochemistry in normal sand rats (Psammomys obesus). PMID- 7044548 TI - Modifications of the endocrine pancreas in rats after ethionine destruction of acini. PMID- 7044549 TI - Use of transferrin as a gene-carrier to the erythroid cells of the marrow. PMID- 7044550 TI - [Therapy of chronic renal insufficiency in the world, Europe and Czechoslovakia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044551 TI - [Successful kidney transplantation and haemodialysis transplantation programme - some respiratory parameters during physical exercise and recuperation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044552 TI - [Skiing in the History of Medicine - 90th anniversary of the beginnings of skiing in the Czecho-Moravian highlands (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044553 TI - [The founder of modern biology. 100th anniversary of the death of Charles R. Darwin]. PMID- 7044554 TI - The localisation of LH-RH neurones in the diencephalon of the domestic hen. AB - Nerve fibers and perikarya containing LH-RH-like material were identified immunohistochemically in the diencephalon of the domestic hen using the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technique. Perikarya were thinly scattered in bilateral bands close to the third ventricle extending from the nucleus praeopticus paraventricularis magnocellularis, passing in front of the anterior commissure into the septal area. In this latter area, the perikarya tended to spread out laterally. A few perikarya were seen in the anterior portion of the nucleus paraventricularis magnocellularis but were not found in the infundibular nuclear complex. Fibre tracts were seen running dorso-ventrally in the preoptic area apparently associated with the lamina terminalis. Fibres, possibly nerve terminals, were found in the lamina terminalis and in the external layers of the anterior and posterior divisions of the median eminence. A large number of fibres was seen distributed throughout the infundibular nuclear complex; scattered fibres were found close to the third ventricle in the anterior hypothalamus. Extrahypothalamic fibers were also observed to project from the septal area into other parts of the telencephalon. PMID- 7044555 TI - Ultrastructural localization of thyrotropin (TSH) in the porcine anterior pituitary: a comparison between pre-embedding and post-embedding methods. AB - Two different immunocytochemical techniques based on specific antibodies against beta-subunits of porcine, rat and bovine TSH were applied at the ultrastructural level to identify the TSH cells in the porcine anterior pituitary and to compare the subcellular localization of the hormone. The post-embedding method on serial ultrathin sections revealed the localization of TSH beta in the granules of a special cell type, negative for the other hormones. TSH beta was found in polyhedral cells characterized (i) by their content of granules that were the smallest of all the cell types examined, and (ii) by their flattened or slightly dilated RER cisternae. The pre-embedding method applied to isolated cells permitted a good penetration of antisera and the maintenance of antigenicity in sites inaccessible to the post-embedding method. Thus, immunoreactivity of TSH beta was detected in the secretory granules, the cytoplasmic matrix and in portions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, in association with some membranes and inside some saccular structures. PMID- 7044556 TI - Centrifugal innervation of the retina by luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)-immunoreactive telencephalic neurons in teleostean fishes. AB - In cichlid, poecilid and centrarchid fishes luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)-immunoreactive neurons are found in a cell group (nucleus olfactoretinalis) located at the transition between the ventral telencephalon and olfactory bulb. Processes of these neurons project to the contralateral retina, traveling along the border between the internal plexiform and internal nuclear layer, and probably terminating on amacrine or bipolar cells. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injected into the eye or optic nerve is transported retrogradely in the optic nerve to the contralateral nucleus olfactoretinalis where neuronal perikarya are labeled. Labeled processes leave this nucleus in a rostral direction and terminate in the olfactory bulb. The nucleus olfactoretinalis is present only in fishes, such as cichlids, poecilids and centrarchids, in which the olfactory bulbs border directly the telencephalic hemispheres. In cyprinid, silurid and notopterid fishes, in which the olfactory bulbs lie beneath the olfactory epithelium and are connected to the telencephalon via olfactory stalks, the nucleus olfactoretinalis or a comparable arrangement of LHRH-immunoreactive neurons is lacking. After retrograde transport of HRP in the optic nerve of these fishes no labeling of neurons in the telencephalon occurred. It is proposed that the nucleus olfactoretinalis anatomically and functionally interconnects and integrates parts of the olfactory and optic systems. PMID- 7044557 TI - Dynamics of the cytoskeleton of epidermal cells in situ and in culture. AB - The cytoskeleton of primary tissue-culture cells from the epidermis of Xenopus laevis tadpoles was investigated by phase-contrast, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. The connection between the arrangement of different types of filaments and the mechanical properties of the epidermis is discussed. The bilayered epidermis attains stability from thick bundles of tonofilaments interconnecting the basal desmosomes. Twisting of tonofilaments around each other can explain the occurrence of elastic filamentous curls forming a meshwork braced between rows of "small desmosomes" in the apical region of the epidermis. Actin is arranged as a diffuse meshwork and sometimes forms bundles intermingling with tonofilament bundles. Surface membranes and rows of "small desmosomes" are delineated by actin and contain alpha-actinin. Actin raises the tension for rounding and spreading of cells. Microtubules stabilize already well-developed lamellae. PMID- 7044558 TI - Medical practice in the Australian outback 25 years ago. PMID- 7044559 TI - An introduction to "Le Pap". PMID- 7044560 TI - Adjuvant action of bacterial lipopolysaccharide in induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to protein antigens. PMID- 7044561 TI - Studies of mouse immunoglobulin allotypes by reverse plaque assay: detection of spleen cells secreting immunoglobulins with specific allotype in C57BL/6J mice. PMID- 7044562 TI - From Pap to ApUp. PMID- 7044563 TI - The effect of tunicamycin on the molecular heterogeneity of guinea pig migration inhibitory factor. PMID- 7044564 TI - Bacteria-immune system interactions. III. Isolation of a Bacillus globigii cell wall component involved in binding to human lymphocytes. PMID- 7044565 TI - Effect of toxin-antibody conjugates on tumor cells. PMID- 7044566 TI - Somatic cell genetics of immunoglobulin production. PMID- 7044567 TI - Alwin M. Pappenheimer, Jr. PMID- 7044568 TI - The role of auto-anti-idiotype antibody in the regulation of the immune response. PMID- 7044570 TI - A meeting in honor of Alwin M. Pappenheimer, Jr. New York, New York, September 26, 1980. PMID- 7044569 TI - An appreciation of Alwin M. Pappenheimer, Jr. PMID- 7044571 TI - Inhibition of the polyclonal antibody plaque-forming cell: response of human B lymphocytes by C-reactive protein (CRP) and CRP complexes. PMID- 7044572 TI - Characterization of a macrophage chemotactic lymphokine produced by purified protein derivative stimulation in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7044573 TI - Defect in macrophage effector function confers Salmonella typhimurium susceptibility on C3H/HeJ mice. PMID- 7044575 TI - [The Prague Psychiatric Clinic 50 years ago]. PMID- 7044574 TI - Lack of involvement of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody in the regulation of oscillations and tolerance in the antibody response to levan. PMID- 7044576 TI - [Importance of polarography in the investigation of tumor tissue oxygenation during radiation treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044577 TI - Effect of caffeine on nucleotide pools in Escherichia coli. AB - The influence of caffeine on the intracellular concentration of various nucleoside triphosphates in addition do dTMP and dTDP, in Escherichia coli has been investigated. For most of the nucleoside triphosphates the presence of 10 mM caffeine in the medium resulted in a small increase in pool size 5 min after addition, followed by a slow decrease to the initial concentration. In the case of dTTP, however, the pool size reached a maximum, 2-fold higher than the initial value, 30 min after caffeine addition. This increase in dTTP level is probably due to an effect of caffeine on the DNA synthesis process and synthesis of dTDP sugars. PMID- 7044578 TI - [Current considerations on the fracture of the carpal scaphoid]. PMID- 7044579 TI - [Surgery of the rheumatoid forefoot]. AB - The problem of surgery of rheumatoid forefoot is discussed. Particular attention is paid to pre-operative evaluation of the patient, who, in view of the multi articular involvement of the disease, must be considered as a whole. The importance of the clinical investigation and the collection of radiological, photographic and instrumental data for correct performance of the operation is stressed. Lelievre's operation of resection and alignment of the metatarsal heads is described by the Authors, with the aims that are proposed. Lastly attention is drawn to skin problems, due to precarious vascularisation especially at the level of the hallux, which in these rheumatoid patients may cause delays in cicatrisation. PMID- 7044580 TI - [Colostomy: indications and technics]. PMID- 7044581 TI - [Technical considerations and preliminary experiences in the use of a mechanical suture apparatus in anastomoses of the digestive tract]. PMID- 7044582 TI - [Treatment of intestinal nematode infections with albendazole. Preliminary results (author's transl)]. AB - A randomized double-blind study, in order to evaluate effectiveness and tolerance of albendazole, was carried out in 186 african subjects presenting intestinal nematode infections in Mali and Senegal. The drug, well tolerated, given as a single dose of 0.4 g (adolescents and adults) or 0.2 g (children) is curative in more than 90% for ascariasis. For ancylostomiasis and trichuriasis, the effectiveness is less satisfactory in children, probably due to insufficient dosage in this age group. PMID- 7044583 TI - [Current news in prophylaxis and malaria treatment (author's transl)]. AB - The extension of chloroquines resistance of Plasmodium falciparum, the emergence, still limited, of resistance to pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine, and even of multi resistant strains, are facts all the more disturbing--especially for South East Asia--that the number of antimalarials is limited. Mefloquine appears to be a very promising drug; it might perhaps be desirable to be able to combine it with a new antimalarial, in collective prophylaxis, to prevent the selection of possibly resistant strains. PMID- 7044584 TI - [Imported malaria: serological diagnostic and prevention of transfusional malaria (author's transl)]. AB - Some particular aspects, epidemiological, clinical, serological of imported malaria are studied about 137 cases seen in the department of Tropical and Parasitologic Diseases of Cochin Hospital. The interest of studying several antigens, homologous and heterologous, in detection of fluorescent antibodies is discussed. In the case of any infesting Plasmodium species, the use of homologous antigen gives very superior titers. Systematic use of two antigens helps to detect possible antimalaria antibodies in blood donors and prevent transfusion given malaria. PMID- 7044585 TI - [Comparative sensitivity of I. F. A. T. using adult Schistosoma antigen and E. L. I. S. A. with ovular antigen in the immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis (author's transl)]. AB - The sensitivity of I. F. A. T. was compared with E. L. I. S. A. using the first method with cross-sections of adult Schistosoma mansoni (A. S. M.), and the second with ovular S. mansoni soluble extract (O. S. M.), the test sera from 86 schistosomiasis patients (32 with S. mansoni and 54 with S.haematobium) and 100 control sera. Despite the better response of S. mansoni sera in both methods, the significant level of antibody detection (maximum sensitivity for minimum non specificity) was higher for E. L. I. S. A., O. S. M. than for I. F. A. T., A. S. M., especially for urinary schistosomiasis. PMID- 7044586 TI - [Value of timoptol in primary open-angle glaucoma patients over 60. Comments on 100 cases]. PMID- 7044587 TI - Establishment of clones of Trypanosoma cruzi and their characterization in vitro and in vivo. AB - An efficient technique for isolating clones of Trypanosoma cruzi from cultures and from animals has been developed. It is based on the inoculation of one organism, obtained by serial dilutions of cultured epimastigotes or isolated blood stream trypomastigotes, into enriched NNN medium (NNN-F:93). The cloning efficiency (percentage of positive cultures over the number inoculated) was 70% for cultured epimastigotes and 30-40% for blood-stream trypomastigotes. In vitro cultural characteristics of 14 secondary clones of an avirulent strain indicated that 12 clones grew in the F-94 medium primarily as epimastigotes at 27 degrees C and exclusively as amastigotes at 37 degrees C; 2 clones grew in F-94 medium primarily as amastigotes regardless of incubation temperature (27 degrees C or 37 degrees C). In vivo characterization of 7 clones from 2 virulent strains indicated that the virulence of individual clones was low immediately after isolation in NNN-F:93 medium, but the virulence of some clones returned to the level of the parent strain after more than 8 serial passages in CD-1 mice. PMID- 7044588 TI - Further trials of mebendazole and metrifonate in the treatment of onchocerciasis. AB - In clinical drug trials, mebendazole, given in various daily doses for up to 14 days to a maximum total of 16.8 g, was found to be ineffective against both adult Onchocerca volvulus and the microfilariae. Metrifonate, however, given in doses of 100 mg daily for 14 days or as four doses of 10 mg/kg of body weight either on alternate days or at weekly intervals showed moderate activity against the microfilariae but none against the adult worm. PMID- 7044589 TI - Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection in man: detection of parasite antigens by ELISA. AB - An ELISA method has been developed for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection in man. Parasites from in vitro cultures of P. falciparum were used as source of antigen for the solid phase and the source of specific antibody was immune Gambian sera; binding of antibody in antigen-coated wells was registered by means of alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-human IgG. Parasites were detected on the basis of inhibition of antibody-binding. The test was applied to the detection of parasites in human red blood cells (RBC) from in vitro cultures of P. falciparum and in RBC from infected Gambians; RBC from 100 Geneva blood donors served as normal, uninfected controls. In titration experiments, the degree of antibody-binding inhibition correlated with the number of parasites in the test RBC. Parasites were detected at a level of 8 parasites/10(6) RBC. Samples of RBC were tested from 126 Gambians with microscopically proven infection; significant antibody-binding inhibition was found in 86% of these cases, where parasitaemia ranged from 10 to 125 000/mul of blood. The presence of high-titre antibody in the test preparations was found to reduce the sensitivity of parasite detection in infected RBC from in vitro cultures mixed with equal volumes of different antibody-containing sera. The sensitivity was restored in most cases by recovering the RBC by centrifugation before testing. In a preliminary experiment, there was no significant difference in antibody-binding inhibition using fresh infected RBC and RBC dried on filter-paper and recovered by elution, although there was greater variation in the latter samples. PMID- 7044590 TI - Incipient resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine among a semi-immune population of the United Republic of Tanzania. 1. Results of in vivo and in vitro studies and of an ophthalmological survey. AB - The sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum strains to chloroquine was tested in one locality in the north-east of the United Republic of Tanzania, where a chloroquine-medicated salt project has been implemented for chemosuppression for many years, and where large amounts of the drug have been available during the last decade for the treatment of malaria infections.Single doses of chloroquine (5 or 10 mg of base/kg of body weight) failed to clear P. falciparum trophozoites in asymptomatic parasite carriers selected from the school population. In comparison, clearance had been obtained easily ten years previously with 5 mg of base/kg of body weight in several localities in the area.A total dose of 25 mg of base/kg of body weight given over a 3-day period succeeded in clearing asexual parasites from the peripheral blood by day 3 in all instances. Asexual parasites were not found again during the nine days following administration of the drug.All the schoolchildren who had received 5 or 10 mg of base/kg of body weight at the beginning of the trial were treated with a further 20 mg of base/kg of body weight at the end of the 7-day observation period. Asexual parasites reappeared in the blood of some of these children 7-10 days after the second administration of the drug.Using the in vitro microtechnique, incomplete schizont inhibition was observed in 3 out of 21 cases at a chloroquine concentration of 1.14 mumol/litre of blood, which is the discriminating dosage for resistance at RI level.No cases of retinopathy related to the prolonged use of chloroquine were detected among the 221 residents who had spent more than 16 consecutive years in the locality. PMID- 7044591 TI - VP16-213 and podophyllotoxin. A study on the relationship between chemical structure and biological activity. AB - VP16-213, a semi-synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin, is an effective antitumor agent in the treatment of a variety of leukemias and solid tumors. A comparison of the mechanism of action of VP16-213 and podophyllotoxin has revealed that although both drugs inhibit the uptake of nucleosides into HeLa cells, they exhibit other biological properties which are quite distinct. Podophyllotoxin is a potent inhibitor of microtubule assembly in vitro, while VP16-213 has no effect in this system. VP16-213 induces single stranded breaks in HeLa cells DNA, an effect which may be related to its antitumor activity. In contrast to VP16-213 treated cells, podophyllotoxin-treated cells maintain DNA integrity. Structure-activity relationship studies have identified some of chemical sites of VP16-213 and podophyllotoxin responsible for each of their biological properties. These studies illustrate that chemical modification of podophyllotoxin can generate derivatives which possess new and unique biological properties. PMID- 7044592 TI - The clinical pharmacology of VM26 and VP16-213. A brief overview. PMID- 7044593 TI - The podophyllotoxin derivatives VP16-213 and VM26. AB - VP16-213 and VM26 are compounds with definite anticancer activity in specific tumor types. Despite 10 years of clinical development the full impact of these compounds in current cancer therapy requires further study. There is no conclusive evidence that one compound is superior to the other in any specific tumor type. The composite activities suggest possible differences in certain cancers such as small cell anaplastic lung cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, bladder and ovarian cancer, but sufficiently adequate studies to determine this have not been reported for any tumor. Understanding the basic pharmacology of these compounds should also be considered of high priority since it is obvious that there is much to learn in this area and further clarification should allow improved clinical utilization. It is hoped that the presentations and discussions of the First International Symposium will generate a new wave of interest in future podophyllotoxin research and development. PMID- 7044594 TI - VP16-213 (etoposide). A critical review of its activity. PMID- 7044595 TI - VM26: phase I and II studies. PMID- 7044596 TI - Current development of podophyllotoxins. AB - The unique biological properties and therapeutic efficacy of the podophyllotoxin derivatives, Vumon (VM26, teniposide) and Vepesid (VP16-213, etoposide), are stimulating the interest of both laboratory and clinical researchers. Investigations on new pharmaceutical formulations, pharmacokinetics and metabolism are providing more appropriate information in drug administration; experimental chemotherapy indicates that, among others, cytosine arabinoside and cisplatin are highly synergistic with podophyllotoxins; single agent and combination treatment clinical trials are defining the respective role of Vumon and Vepesid in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7044597 TI - Resistance of Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535 to O6-guanine methylation and mutagenesis induced by low doses of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine: an apparent constitutive repair activity. AB - Salmonella tester strains which are reverted by base-pair substitution mutagens are relatively insensitive to the mutagenic effects of N-methyl-N-nitroso compounds. One reason for this insensitivity is the ability of these strains to withstand low doses of these compounds before they become sensitive to their mutagenic effects. In this report it is shown that mutagenesis induced by treatment of Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535 with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso guanidine (MNNG) in buffer is biphasic with a low sensitivity range at low doses where little mutagenesis occurs, followed by a high sensitivity range whose onset begins after an apparent threshold dose has been exceeded. levels of O6 methylguanine (O6-MeG) in the DNA extracted from the bacteria follow a similar dose-response curve suggesting a dependency of mutagenesis on O6-MeG. In contrast, levels of 7-methylguanine (7-MeG) in the DNA increase linearly with dose. O6-MeG was undetectable at the lowest dose of MNNG whereas 7-MeG was readily detectable. Although such resistance to O6-alkylation has been demonstrated in MNNG- pretreated (adapted) E. coli, it has not been reported in unpretreated cells. Then isolated DNA was treated with MNNG a linear dose response in the generation of O6-MeG was observed. The lack of O6-MeG in DNA isolated from MNNG treated cells after low doses is attributed to a saturable, constitutive repair activity in the bacteria. An attempt to observe the removal of O6-MeG from the bacteria after exposure to a short challenge dose of N-nitroso N-methylurea (NMU) followed by a subsequent incubation in buffer was unsuccessful, probably because all the repair occurred within the time necessary to treat and lyse the cells. PMID- 7044598 TI - Mutagenicity of dibromodulcitol (DBD), an alkylating anticancer drug) and its mono- and bifunctional conversion products studied by the Salmonella/microsome assay. AB - Dibromodulcitol (DBD) and one of its most important bifunctional transformation products, dianhydrogalactitol (DAG) with similar cytostatic effect, were tested by the Salmonella/microsome assay on strains TA 1535, TA 1538, TA 98 and TA 100 using the plate incorporation technique. Both drugs were direct mutagens in strains TA 1535 and TA 100 and non-mutagenic in other strains. Their mutagenic effect was not influenced by S-9 mix from rat liver. Mutagenicity of DAG was very limited because of its marked toxicity. The other monofunctional alkylating derivatives, i.e., 1-bromo-3,6-anhydrodulcitol and 1,2-epoxy-3,6-anhydrodulcitol were highly mutagenic in strains TA 1535 and TA 100 with and without S-9 mix despite having no anticancer effect. Anticancer activity was exerted only by the bifunctional alkylating hexitols (DBD, DAG) which showed moderate mutagenic activity compared to the monofunctional derivatives. No correlation could be established between the mutagenic and anticancer effect of the four structurally related hexitols. Mutagenicity of urine and bile from rats after a single administration of the maximum tolerated (450 mg/kg) dose of DBD was also examined, and the hexitol components of the same urine sample were identified by t.l.c. DBD and its mutagenic transformation products were excreted in urine and not through the bile. The mutagenic effect of DBD observed cannot be attributed exclusively to DBD observed cannot be atributed exclusively to DBD itself, because the parent molecule, like other alkylating agents, easily undergoes spontaneous decomposition under in vitro and in vivo conditions to release both bi- and monofunctional alkylating solvolysis products and there highly reactive derivatives may play a role in this effect. No significant difference in the relative mutagenicity was detected between DBD and cyclophosphamide, used as a reference substance. PMID- 7044599 TI - Ventricular function, hemodynamics, and oxygen consumption during infusions of blood and glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) in canine endotoxin shock. AB - We have studied the acute effects of blood and glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusions during endotoxin shock in dogs. In a first group (n = 7) we have compared the effects of blood transfusions with those of GIK. Both infusions increased left-ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), end-diastolic diameter, mean systemic blood pressure, and cardiac output; but with GIK cardiac output rose more and left-ventricular dP/dt (LV dP/dt) also increased. During GIK end-systolic diameter decreased while it increased during blood transfusion. Peripheral resistance declined after GIK. The hemodynamic effects were of short duration. Oxygen consumption and arterial lactate increased after GIK, while serum phosphate decreased. In a second group (n = 9) we have studied the relationship between changes in serum osmolarity, hematocrit, cardiac output, and LV dP/dt during infusions of either GIK, glucose 50%, or sorbitol 50%. We found a close relationship between changes in serum osmolality, cardiac output, and LV dP/dt. We conclude that GIK has positive inotropic action, probably because it increases serum osmolality. Metabolic effects of GIK probably do not contribute to its early action. PMID- 7044600 TI - Directory: The Shock Society. PMID- 7044601 TI - Variation in toxicity of Escherichia coli endotoxin after treatment with perfluorated blood substitutes in mice. AB - Treatment with perfluorochemicals (PFCs) shows a temporary decrease in phagocytic activity as measured by carbon clearance. The importance of this effect was checked by investigating the lethality after administrations of PFCs and Escherichia coli endotoxin in mice (NMRI strain). When endotoxin was applied simultaneously with PFC (4.4 g/kg body weight, a dose which could compensate a loss of a third of blood volume) the lethality rose 7.8-fold. If the challenge with endotoxin occurred later than 12 h after PFC injection, the increase of lethality was of a distinctly smaller degree. By means of pretreatment with various substances the increased lethality of endotoxin could be shifted in the direction of the control. C 48/80, aristolochic acid, and hydrocortisone were effective in this respect; zymosan remained ineffective. The results show a weakened resistance towards toxins from the intestinal tract under PFC administration; precaution in this regard should be taken during therapy with PFC. PMID- 7044602 TI - Testosterone-mediated sexual dimorphism of the rodent heart. Ventricular lysosomes, mitochondria, and cell growth are modulated by androgens. AB - The ventricular myocardium was studied in A/J mice and in Sprague-Dawley rats. In male mice, the ventricles were slightly larger and the specific activities of the lysosomal hydrolases, beta-glucuronidase, hexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, and arylsulphatase, and the inner mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase were substantially higher than in female mice. Orchiectomy abolished this sex difference. Testosterone administration induced myocardial hypertrophy and accretion of RNA and protein without altering the DNA, and substantial increases in the activities of the lysosomal hydrolases and cytochrome c oxidase. However, the mitochondrial membrane enzyme monoamine oxidase was unaffected by sex, orchiectomy, and testosterone administration. Heart lysosomes from male mice showed a smaller structure-linked latency of the lysosomal enzymes and a greater fragility of the lysosomal membrane to osmotic and mechanical stress than those from female mice. This sex difference was also abolished by orchiectomy and restored by testosterone replacement. Similar sex differences were observed in the rat with respect to heart size, acid hydrolase activities, and lysosomal enzyme latency and membrane stability. These findings indicate that endogenous androgens regulate myocardial cell growth, the activity of enzymes associated with lysosomes and the inner mitochondrial membrane, and some physiochemical properties of lysosomes. PMID- 7044603 TI - Low dose intrarenal infusions of PGE2, PGI2, and 6-keto-PGE1 vasodilate the in vivo rat kidney. AB - The renal vascular effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 6-keto-PGE1, and PGI2 were investigated in indomethacin-pretreated rats. These prostanoids were infused directly into the left renal artery at rates ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 microgram/min, while renal blood flow and mean arterial blood pressure were constantly monitored. PGE2, 6-keto-PGE1, and PGI2 produced reductions in mean arterial blood pressure with threshold doses of 1.0, 0.3, and 0.03 microgram/min (P less than 0.01), respectively, and maximal vasodepressor responses of 18.9 +/- 4.3, 37.0 +/- 7.8, and 58.7 +/- 8.2 mm Hg (P less than 0.01), respectively. In addition, all three prostanoids caused a dose-related reduction in renal vascular resistance with a threshold dose of 0.01 microgram/min (P less than 0.05). The maximal reductions in renal vascular resistance were 2.59 +/- 0.52, 4.41 +/- 1.20, and 5.29 +/- 1.06 mm Hg/(ml per min) for PGE2, 6-keto-PGE1, and PGI2 (P less than 0.01), respectively. Whereas PGE2 an 6-keto-PGE1 produced dose dependent increases in renal blood flow (maximal increases of 1.5 +/- 0.3 and 1.0 +/- 0.3 ml/min, respectively (P less than 0.01), PGI2 nonsignificantly increased renal blood flow at low doses and decreased renal blood flow at higher infusion rates (P less than 0.01). These data indicate that the in vivo rat kidney, similar to the kidneys of other species, is vasodilated by low doses of PGE2, PGI2, and 6-keto-PGE1. PMID- 7044604 TI - Problems and advantages of an observational data base approach to evaluating the effect of therapy on outcome. AB - In this report, we summarize the strengths and problems of an observational data base approach to evaluating therapy and studying patient outcomes in long-term chronic disease. Because this approach includes a greater spectrum of patients than randomized clinical trials, it offers a definite advantage with regard to the elucidation of prognostic factors and the application of results to specific patients. The major difficulty with the observational data base approach is that the important prognostic factors must be known for treatment comparisons to be valid. Both the observational data base and randomized trial approaches are susceptible to criticism because the multiple comparisons and multiple experiments usually involved make the results of any one study not definitive. Either approach is useful in generating or confirming a hypothesis about particular subgroups. Regardless of the method used, proof that a particular therapy increases survival in any group or subgroup of patients with coronary artery disease usually requires confirmation by multiple studies. Finally, observational data base approach, because it capitalizes on data generated and paid for in the patient care process, offers the most feasible approach for evaluating whether changes in prognosis are occurring over time and whether such changes are independent of the mix of the patient population. PMID- 7044605 TI - Comparison of medical and surgical management of coronary artery disease: methodologic issues. AB - Coronary artery bypass surgery has been recommended for patients with a wide variety of signs, symptoms, and medical histories. Investigators have used historically controlled studies, registries and randomized clinical trials to compare the efficacy of medical and surgical management of coronary artery disease in well-defined patient groups. Historically controlled studies offer a weak basis for inference because of rapid changes in medical practice and in the prognosis for patients with coronary artery disease. Randomized trials are the ideal method for comparing therapies, but only a few trials, in highly selected patients, have been completed. Thus, registry studies provide an important part of the currently available evidence. In this paper, the strengths of randomized and registry studies are compared and the need for "meta-analyses" that integrate the evidence from both types of study is discussed. The institutional variation in surgical mortality and its implication for treatment strategy are also discussed. PMID- 7044606 TI - The Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of stable angina: current status. AB - The current status of the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of the effect of surgery on survival in patients with stable angina is presented. The outcome in 686 adult males randomly allocated to medical or surgical treatment groups in 1972-1974 was studied in subgroups of patients classified by invasive (arteriographic) and noninvasive risk factors. In 91 patients with left main lesions reducing the luminal diameter 50% or more, surgery significantly improved survival in the two-thirds characterized as middle or high risk by four simple noninvasive predictors of prognosis (New York Heart Association functional classification III or IV, history of myocardial infarction, history of hypertension, and ST-segment depression on the resting baseline ECG as assessed on a centralized reading). Patients with three-vessel disease and no significant disease of the left main coronary artery also had better survival rates when treated surgically. However, this was statistically significant at 6 years only in the 10 hospitals in which the aggregate operative mortality was 3.3%. Patients without left main lesions were also categorized by four noninvasive predictors of risk. Categorizing such patients into roughly equal groups of high, middle, and low risk identified a high-risk group, in which surgery was associated with statistically improved survival, and low- and middle-risk groups in which it was not. The use of both invasive and noninvasive factors to assess risk in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris provided greater predictive power than either angiography or noninvasive factors alone. PMID- 7044607 TI - Prospective randomized study of coronary artery bypass surgery in stable angina pectoris: a progress report on survival. AB - This progress report on the prospective randomized study of the effect of coronary bypass surgery on prognosis presents the results of a minimum follow-up of 4 years. Seven hundred sixty-eight patients were recruited; all were men younger than age 65 years who had mild-to-moderate angina pectoris, at least two vessel disease, and good left ventricular function. Of these, 373 were randomized to medical treatment and 395 to surgical treatment. Although 83 "medical" patients subsequently underwent surgery and 27 "surgical" patients did not undergo surgery, these patients were not excluded from the analysis, and the group randomized to coronary bypass surgery was compared with the group randomized to medical treatment. The surgical treatment group showed significantly better survival than the medical treatment group in the total patient population (p less than 0.001), particularly among patients with three vessel disease (p less than 0.001). Although the 24% higher survival among surgical patients with left main coronary artery disease failed to reach statistical significance, the trend is probably meaningful. No significant difference in survival between medical and surgical treatment groups was noted in patients with two-vessel disease. PMID- 7044608 TI - Unstable angina pectoris: management based on available information. AB - Several prospective randomized studies of medical or surgical therapy have not shown that either form of management alone is uniformly superior with respect to mortality for unstable angina pectoris. Patients managed medically have a greater incidence of angina pectoris. Earlier studies indicated a higher rate of nonfatal myocardial infarction with urgent surgery. Present management includes hospitalization and early intensive medical therapy with nitrates and, usually, beta-blocking agents. Coronary arteriography is advised within a few days. If the patient has left main coronary artery disease or three-vessel disease, early coronary artery bypass graft surgery within days to a couple of weeks is advised. Otherwise, medical management is advised and elective surgery can be performed if the patient remains symptomatic. PMID- 7044609 TI - Institutional variation of coronary artery bypass graft surgery: emphasis on myocardial protection. AB - There are institutional variations in the operative mortality of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Patient selection, based on clinical and angiographic criteria, is a significant factor. Even after adjustment for patient selection, institutional differences remain. Operative experience and volume of cases are also related to institutional variations. Recent attention to the technique of myocardial preservation has highlighted its significance in reducing the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction and operative mortality. Institutional heterogeneity also exists in the nonoperative management of ischemic heart disease. However, undetected factors probably significantly affect the outcome. These institutional variations emphasize a major advantage of randomized clinical trials--that they should equalize these unknown factors. PMID- 7044611 TI - Cardiovascular trauma. Part II. PMID- 7044610 TI - The effects of airway pressure on cardiac function in intact dogs and man. AB - Ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is associated with reduced cardiac output, but the mechanisms involved are controversial. Possible explanations include increased intrathoracic pressure, reflex changes in myocardial inotropism, pulmonary vascular obstruction and abnormal ventricular interaction. Three types of conscious canine preparations were developed to examine simultaneously each of these factors during ventilation with PEEP. In addition, similar measurements were obtained in patients after cardiac surgical procedures and compared with the results of animal experiments. The primary cause of reduced cardiac output during PEEP appeared to be a diminished end-diastolic volume of the left ventricle, and this appeared to be the result of elevated intrathoracic pressure and increased impedance to blood flow through the lungs. Abnormal interventricular septal shifting and reflex autonomic alterations did not appear to be significant in the normal cardiovascular system. These data provide insight into the cardiac effects of PEEP and emphasize the importance of simultaneous quantification of biventricular performance when assessing cardiopulmonary function. PMID- 7044612 TI - Plasma catecholamines, platelet aggregation and associated thromboxane formation after physical exercise, smoking or norepinephrine infusion. AB - To study the possible role of catecholamines in platelet activation, platelet aggregation stimulated by ADP, collagen, arachidonic acid and L-epinephrine, thromboxane B2 (TXB2) formation and plasma levels of catecholamines and renin were studied in healthy men both before and after 6 days of propranolol treatment (40 mg three times daily) under control conditions and during sympathoadrenergic stimulation by physical exercise (200 W) or smoking. Exercise markedly increased plasma norepinephrine from 128 +/- 28 to 998 +/- 418 pg/ml (+/- SD), and plasma renin activity from 1.0 +/- 0.5 to 4.2 +/- 1.8 ng AI/ml . hour. Smoking predominantly increased plasma epinephrine, from 47 +/- 25 to 154 +/- 76 pg/ml. Propranolol did not consistently influence these variables, but blunted the circulatory response to exercise and smoking. Despite the marked increases of plasma catecholamines after both stimuli with and without beta blockade, platelet aggregation stimulated by ADP, 1-epinephrine, collagen and arachidonic acid and associated TXB2 formation were not enhanced. Moreover, as already suggested by a trend toward reduced aggregability in these settings, plasma norepinephrine levels in the same range (745 +/- 368 pg/ml) due to infusion (5 micrograms/min) significantly reduced platelet aggregation with low-dose collagen (0.25-0.75 micrograms/ml), I-epinephrine (0.2-1.0 microM) and ADP (0.5-1.5 microM). These data do not support a role of endogenous catecholamines in initiating platelet activation and TXB2 formation. PMID- 7044613 TI - Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of prostacyclin after coronary bypass surgery. AB - The hemodynamic and metabolic effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) were assessed in 12 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery. PGI2 were injected intravenously at a rate of 2.5 ng/kg/min for 10 minutes, followed by three consecutive 10 minute injections of 5, 10 and 20 ng/kg/min. PGI2 infusion decreased systolic and diastolic arterial pressures by 17% (p less than 0.001) and increased cardiac index by 17% (p less than 0.001) without changing the heart rate. Right atrial, pulmonary arterial and pulmonary wedge pressures remained essentially unchanged. Total vascular resistance decreased by 37% (p less than 0.001). Rate-pressure product, an index of myocardial oxygen consumption, decreased by 13% (p less than 0.01), while stroke work index did not change. A 36% decrease in arterial PO2 (p less than 0.001) was the most consistent metabolic effect induced by PGI2 infusion. However, oxygen transport increased by 11% (p less than 0.05), suggesting that no decrease in peripheral oxygen supply was produced. Thus, PGI2 improved cardiac function and performance by a predominant effect on total vascular resistance. It may be valuable in the management of patients who undergo coronary artery surgery. PMID- 7044614 TI - Creatine kinase, an enzyme of many forms. PMID- 7044615 TI - Simultaneous enzyme immunoassay of two thyroid hormones. AB - We describe an enzyme immunoassay in which the two thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine and thyroxin, are measured simultaneously in a single tube. The method involves labeling the two with separate enzymes (beta-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase, respectively), whose catalyzed reactions can easily be distinguished from each other by absorption spectrophotometry, with o-nitrophenyl beta-galactoside and phenolphthalein monophosphate as substrates. Performance of this dual assay method compares well with that of conventional single-hapten enzyme-labeled assays, and results compare well with those by two single-hapten radioimmunoassays. The dual assay has certain advantages over single-hapten methods: smaller sample volume, lower reagent cost, and shorter overall assay time. As presented here, the use of enzyme labels to measure two (or more) haptens simultaneously represents a significant advance in the use of immunoassay techniques. PMID- 7044616 TI - Results by fluorescent immunoassay for phenytoin compared with those by enzyme immunoassay, liquid chromatography, and discrete analysis (Dupont aca). AB - We describe the Ames Fluorescent Enzyme Immunoassay procedure for the detection of phenytoin in serum, and compare the results with it with those by enzyme immunoassay(EMIT), "high-pressure" liquid chromatography, and the Dupont aca. Sera from 48 patients who were receiving phenytoin were promptly analyzed in duplicate by EMIT, frozen, then assayed within four weeks by the other three methods. Correlation was good between results by the fluorescent immunoassay and the other methods. The fluorescent immunoassay procedure is sensitive and requires a small sample volume (100 microliters). Sample reading time can be shortened from 30 to 15 s as the technician becomes more proficient, with no sacrifice of accuracy. The procedure is fast, easy to perform, specific, sensitive, and inexpensive; involves no radioactivity; and requires no temperature control. It is the current method of choice for detection of phenytoin in serum, in terms of precision and accuracy. PMID- 7044617 TI - Heparin interferes with the radioenzymatic and homogeneous enzyme immunoassays for aminoglycosides. AB - Heparin interferes with measurement of aminoglycosides in serum by biological, radioenzymatic, and homogeneous enzyme immunoassay techniques, but not with radioimmunoassay. At concentrations greater than or equal to 10(5) and greater than or equal to 3 X 10(6) USP units/L, respectively, it interferes with the radioenzymatic assay by inhibiting the gentamicin 3-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.60) and kanamycin 6'-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.55) enzymes used in the assay. It interferes with the homogeneous enzyme immunoassays for gentamicin and tobramycin (at concentrations greater than or equal to 10(5) and greater than or equal to 10(4) USP units/L, respectively), but not with the commercially available homogeneous enzyme immunoassays for other drugs. Heparin interference with the homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for aminoglycosides requires both the heparin polyanion and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) bound to a cationic aminoglycoside. This interference can be reproduced with dextran sulfate (but not dextran), and does not occur with free enzyme (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) alone. We describe how heparin interferes with these two assays and demonstrate interference at heparin concentrations that may be present in intravenous infusions or in seriously underfilled blood-collection tubes. PMID- 7044618 TI - Increased plasma renin activity in type 1 diabetes with microvascular disease. AB - Plasma renin activity was measured in thirty-one subjects with Type 1 diabetes and proliferative retinopathy, and in seventeen matched diabetic subjects without evidence of any complications of their disease. The two groups were comparable for age, sex, smoking habits and duration of diabetes. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in the patients with retinopathy (P less than 0.025 and P-0.05 respectively) and HbA1 was greater (P less tha 0.005) than in the patients without complications. Plasma renin activity, both lying and standing, was higher in the patients with retinopathy than in the uncomplicated group (P less than 0.05 for each). There were no correlations between plasma renin activity and mean blood pressure, HbA1 or fasting blood glucose. These findings raise the possibility that the renin-angiotensin system might be implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular. PMID- 7044619 TI - Hyper-responsiveness of aldosterone to metoclopramide in aldosteronism. PMID- 7044620 TI - Treatment of post menopausal osteoporosis. A controlled therapeutic trial comparing oestrogen/gestagen, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 and calcium. AB - A controlled therapeutic trial on seventy-four 70-year-old women was carried out with the purpose of finding the optimal treatment for post menopausal osteoporosis. The bone mineral content (BMC) was measured by I photonabsorptiometry at two sites in the distal part of the forearms, where the trabecular/cortical ratio is 0.25 and 1.5, respectively. Radiographs were done on the right hand to measure the metacarpal bone mass (cortical area/total area=CA/TA. After observing the spontaneous course of bone loss for 6 months the participants were allocated at random to 12 months' treatment with 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] and oestrogen/gestagen, alone or in combination, and calcium. The groups treated with oestrogen/gestagen [with or without 1,25(OH)2D3] showed a highly significant increase in BMC. In contrast bone mineral remained unchanged or decreased in both the calcium and the 1,25(OH)2D3 groups with a tendency towards more pronounced negative bone balance in the 1,25-(OH)2D3 group. Seven out of nineteen patients of 1,25(OH)2D3 developed hypercalcaemia, which necessitated a reduction in dosage. It is concluded that the new vitamin D metabolite, 1,25(OH)2D3, given in clinically acceptable doses, is without value in the treatment of post menopausal osteoporosis. PMID- 7044621 TI - [Clinical aspects of NPH purified porcine insulin in the treatment of diabetes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044622 TI - Structural anomalies of the X chromosome: personal observation and review of non mosaic cases. AB - We describe a new case of partial deletion of the long arm of the X chromosome, found in a 24-year-old female with secondary amenorrhea; the karyotype of the proposita is 46,X,del(X)(q22). We take this opportunity to review the previously published descriptions of non-mosaic structural anomalies of the X chromosome (X isochromosomes excepted) with the goal of "testing" the recent hypothesis formulated about: (a) the existence of an X inactivation center (Therman et al. 1974b); (b) the presence of a "b" segment remaining active on Xp (Therman et al. 1976); (c) the potential importance of a critical area on Xq linked to gonadal function (Sarto et al. 1973); and (d) the presence of normal gonadal function despite and Xp terminal deletion (Fraccaro et al. 1977). We conclude that the above-mentioned theories, as well as those concerning phylogenetic evolution of sex chromosome morphology presented by Lyon (1974) and Hoo (1975), receive support from practically all of the 149 cases we compared. Regarding the features of the Turner syndrome, we propose "mapping" of the X chromosome as follows: the genes involved in gonadal function seem to be located on the proximal part of Xp and on the distal part of Xq, whereas the genes whose absence is responsible for somatic features of the syndrome may be distributed along the length of Xp and the middle section of Xq(q21-q26). Furthermore, we note some interesting analogies between the evolutional model proposed by Hoo (1975) and the map we visualize. PMID- 7044623 TI - Herpes gestationis. PMID- 7044624 TI - IgA nephropathy: characterization of the polymeric nature of mesangial deposits by in vitro binding of free secretory component. AB - IgA nephropathy, as Berger defined it, is characterized by mesangial deposits of IgA, which are easily visualized by immunofluorescence on kidney biopsies. The structure (mono- or dimeric) of these IgA has not been clearly defined so far. Fifteen renal biopsies were studied to find out whether these IgA are serum monomers, or are polymers from a different origin. This was done by tissue fixation in vitro of free secretory component, which was then visualized by immunofluorescence (IF). In all 15 cases, the IgA deposits were shown to lack bound secretory component, but were able to bind, specifically, with the free secretory component. The presence of J chain in these deposits was also evidenced by indirect IF. These findings favour the hypothesis that these immunoglobulins are polymeric. PMID- 7044625 TI - Distemper virus infection in ferrets: an animal model of measles-induced immunosuppression. AB - Distemper virus is very similar antigenically to measles virus, and the disease produced in ferrets by distemper is a systemic illness quite similar to measles infection in humans. Using an attenuated strain of distemper virus, we produced a mild systemic illness in ferrets and were able to study the effects of the viral infection on cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Beginning on day 5 after viral inoculation and continuing to day 30, infected ferrets showed a marked lymphopenia, with a reduction in total numbers of all lymphocyte subpopulations studied. Transformation of circulating lymphocytes to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen was suppressed on day 5, reached a nadir by days 8 to 11, and returned toward normal by days 23 to 30 after viral inoculation. Production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor by splenic macrophages was diminished during distemper infection. In contrast to marked suppression of these in vitro assays for CMI, delayed hypersensitivity skin test responses were only slightly diminished in animals infected with distemper virus. This model should prove useful in exploring the mechanisms of measles induced immunosuppression. PMID- 7044626 TI - Opsonic activity of human immune serum on in vitro phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells by monocytes. AB - In vitro human monocytes from normal blood donors ingest red blood cells infected with Plasmodium falciparum more efficiently than normal red blood cells (NRBC). The phagocytic activity of human monocytes for infected red blood cells (IRBC) is greatly enhanced by the addition of immune sera obtained from individuals living in areas with endemic malaria. In contrast, the addition of sera obtained from individuals recovering from a first infection, or pooled normal sera, does not result in increased phagocytosis of IRBC. The phagocytosis enhancing activity of immune sera is associated with the IgG fraction and IgG depleted sera do not stimulate phagocytosis. Enhanced immune serum mediated phagocytosis occurs as a result of opsonization of IRBC. This was demonstrated by experiments in which monocytes or IRBC were preincubated with immune serum prior to the phagocytic assay. The opsonic activity could be absorbed by IRBC but not by NRBC. The opsonization of IRBC and subsequent phagocytosis were also dependent on the stage of development of the intracellular parasite. IRBC containing schizonts and trophozoites were preferentially phagocytosed as compared with ring forms. The role of malaria induced surface alterations and/or malaria surface antigens in the opsonization of IRBC by immune sera is discussed. These experiments suggest that phagocytosis of P. falciparum IRBC by monocytes may play a role in the immune elimination of malaria infection in humans. PMID- 7044627 TI - Generation of a monoclonal antibody against facteur thymique serique (FTS). AB - A monoclonal antibody against one of the thymic hormones, facteur thymique serique (FTS), was generated by hybridization between mouse NS-1 myeloma cells and BALB/c splenocytes, the latter obtained from BALB/c mice immunized with synthetic FTS coupled to mouse IgG. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and employed to detect the hybridoma secreting specific antibody. The monoclonal antibody (MA-FTS) was highly specific for FTS and did not cross-react with other thymic hormones or other unrelated peptides. MA-FTS could recognize FTS (or FTS-like molecule) in human serum and could absorb completely the FTS like activity from human serum. PMID- 7044628 TI - Glycaemic control and suppressor cell activity in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7044629 TI - Thyroid antibodies are produced by thyroid-derived lymphocytes. AB - The significance of the characteristic lymphocytic infiltrate in the target organ in organ-specific autoimmune disease is unknown. We have demonstrated the production of thyroglobulin antibodies and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and IgA) by thyroid-derived lymphocytes in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis two plaque forming cell (PFC) assays. The thyroid appears to be an important site of thyroglobulin antibody production but the thyroid lymphocytes also contain many IgG PFCs of non-thyroglobulin specificity. Short-term culture and direct thyroglobulin antibody assay on micro-ELISA plates confirmed the results of the PFC assay. Therapies such as carbimazole may therefore be acting on a localized source of autoantibody production. PMID- 7044630 TI - An islet cell antibody negative form of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDD) associated with HLA antigens A9 and Bw16. AB - One hundred and sixty-six unrelated children and adolescents having growth-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDD) were studied for pancreatic-cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies (ICA) at various times from the diagnosis of the disease. A strong association between HLA antigens A9 and Bw16 and an absence of ICA early in the course of disease was seen. On the other hand B8/Dw3 or B15/Dw4 antigens were not significantly associated with the occurrence of ICA although both these antigens are greatly increased among pediatric IDD patients in northern Finland. The finding of the association of the HLA antigens A9 and Bw16 with ICA negativity contributes to the evidence for the heterogeneity in the genetic susceptibility to IDD. PMID- 7044631 TI - Differences in interaction between immune complexes and complement receptors in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7044632 TI - Immunological effects of native and polyethylene glycol-modified asparaginases from Vibrio succinogenes and Escherichia coli in normal and tumour-bearing mice. AB - The immunosuppressive effects of polyethylene glycol-modified asparaginases from Vibrio succinogenes (PEG-asparaginase VS) and Escherichia coli (PEG-asparaginase EC) have been investigated in mice. Measurements of the mitogen-induced blastogenic responses of splenocytes, harvested 5 days after in vivo administration of the PEG-enzymes, show that PEG-asparaginase VS is not immunosuppressive, whereas PEG-asparaginase EC does cause immunosuppression. Both enzymes cause the spleen to be smaller than the control mice. In mice carrying the L5178Y tumour and its associated LDH-elevating virus, which causes the circulation life of asparaginase VS to be comparable to that of PEG-asparaginase VS, tumour regression and its attendant immunological changes are identical in animals treated with either the native or the modified enzyme. The data presented in this paper, along with independent immunological evidence presented by other workers strongly suggest that PEG-asparaginase VS may be the enzyme of choice for clinical use. PMID- 7044633 TI - Association of antinuclear and antinucleolar antibodies in progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - Antinuclear and/or antinucleolar antibodies were demonstrated in the sera of 74 of 76 patients (97%) with progressive systemic sclerosis, using tissue culture cells (HEp-2) as substrate in the indirect immunofluorescent method. Six patterns of nuclear staining and three nucleolar patterns were recognized. The nuclear patterns were centromere, fine speckles, coarse speckles, diffusely grainy, homogeneous and nuclear dots. The nucleolar patterns were speckled, homogeneous and clumpy. The results of digestion studies with ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease and trypsin suggested that the nuclear antigens are proteins, some of which may be associated with chromatin. The nucleolar antigens appeared to be nucleic acid in nature. Certain characteristic serologic and clinical features associated with staining patterns were observed. The diffusely grainy pattern was seen only in sera containing antibody to Scl-70 antigen. Centromere staining was confirmed to be highly selective for the CREST (Calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal involvement, sclerodactyly and telangiectasis) variant of progressive systemic sclerosis with rheumatoid factor titres higher in these patients with anti centromere antibodies. PMID- 7044634 TI - Analysis of circulating IgA and detection of immune complexes in primary IgA nephropathy. AB - The sera of 31 patients with primary IgA nephropathy were investigated for IgA containing immune complexes by Raji cell-binding IgA radioimmunoassay and conglutinin-binding IgA radioimmunoassay. Positive results, without correlation with IgA serum levels, were found in 68% of the patients using the first assay, in 39% of the patients with the second assay. Positive sera were analysed by gel chromatography. Conglutinin-binding IgA eluted in two peaks, a minor one of 400,000-800,000 daltons mol. wt and a major one corresponding to monomeric IgA. No increase of secretory IgA and of polymeric IgA was detectable. IgA immune complexes were likewise found in the sera of patients with systemic lupus (five of 12), rheumatoid arthritis (four of 12), subacute bacterial endocarditis (four of 12) and HB virus hepatitis (four of 16). However, the high prevalence on these sera of IgG and IgM immune complexes detected by polyethylene glycol precipitation, solid phase Clq binding assay contrasted strongly with their absence in IgA nephropathy. In addition, the presence of abnormal amounts of conglutinin reactive IgA correlated with the recurrence of IgA deposits after renal transplantation (20 patients studied). Conglutinin reactive IgA could contribute to the glomerular deposition of IgA and subsequently play a significant role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. PMID- 7044635 TI - A comparison of the toxicity of two formulations of Corynebacterium parvum in a double-blind crossover trial in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7044636 TI - Evaluation of the leucocyte adherence inhibition assay in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 7044637 TI - A prospective comparison of combination chemotherapy with total body irradiation in the treatment of advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. British National Lymphoma Investigation Report. PMID- 7044638 TI - The classic. Ununited fractures in children. James Paget, 1891. AB - James Paget (1814-1899) entered St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, as a medical student in 1834. He never left. Like Pott, his whole professional life was spent in service to the hospital and its school of medicine. His career began in the preanesthesia, pre-Listerian era, and he lived to see the introduction of X-rays into medical practice. He is best remembered as a teacher and as a surgical pathologist. As a freshman medical student, he observed and described the cysts of Trichina spiralis in the diaphragm of his cadaver. His observations on ununited fractures in children were published in 1891. The years between were filled with an active and distinguished career as a teacher, investigator, and surgeon. PMID- 7044639 TI - Surgical treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. AB - Dual tibiofibular intramedullary rodding with autogenous bone grafting is our treatment of choice in congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. The method has a high incidence of primary union. The intramedullary rods control angulation and protect against refracture without hindering growth, and they permit strengthening of the union on weight-bearing. A comprehensive treatment program must address the simultaneous problems of achieving and maintaining bone and joint alignment as well as effective osteogenesis. PMID- 7044640 TI - Treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia with free vascularized bone graft. AB - Considering the often poor results obtained with conventional methods of bone grafting in the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia, the free vascularized bone graft may offer the best chance of cure to these unfortunate patients. A segment of rib or fibula may be harvested with its vascular supply and used as a graft to the involved segment of the tibia, using microvascular techniques to anastomose its vasculature to that of the affected leg. The advantages of this approach include a one stage procedure with minimal hospitalization, and a minimal donor defect especially when the rib is used. Although the procedure is time consuming the overall operative effort is far less than that of multiple procedures often needed with conventional methods of grafting. Although published reports are few, preliminary reports from microsurgeons using this technique indicate a high success rate, even after previous failures of conventional grafts. The increasing use of microvascular free bone transfers may eliminate the need for amputation in many of these children. PMID- 7044641 TI - Comparison of salivary concentrations of rifampin and cefaclor: a rationale for chemoprophylaxis of Hemophilus influenzae type b disease. PMID- 7044642 TI - Treatment of giardiasis: literature review and recommendations. AB - Giardia lamblia has emerged as the most common intestinal parasite in the United States. This article presents a brief review of the clinically important aspects of giardiasis and evaluates the currently used therapeutic agents. Three drugs have been advocated for the treatment of giardiasis; furazolidone (Furoxone), metronidazole (Flagyl), and quinacrine (Atabrine). None of them, however, is ideal. Metronidazole and quinacrine are more effective than furazolidone, but furazolidone has the advantage of a liquid formulation that makes administration to children easier. Quinacrine is much less expensive than the other two agents but has a somewhat higher rate of side effects and a bitter taste. There is concern about the carcinogenic potential of furazolidone and metronidazole, but this has not been evaluated for quinacrine. In the balance, we conclude that quinacrine is probably the preferable drug to use in the pediatric age group because of proven effectiveness and lower cost. PMID- 7044643 TI - Changes in aerobic pharyngeal flora related to antibiotic use and the emergence of gram-negative bacilli. AB - Pharyngeal flora were evaluated semi-quantitatively by counting and differentiating the colonies growing on blood agar plates into four major bacterial groups. In children they consisted mainly of alpha-streptococci, followed by smaller portions of Neisseria, and of gram-positive organisms other than alpha-streptococci. Gram-negative bacilli did not occur under normal conditions. Oral ampicillin in a daily dose of 50 mg/kg caused suppression of the alpha-streptococci, and promoted emergence of gram-negative bacilli. Oral cephalexin in the same dose caused changes in the same direction, but less extensively than ampicillin . Parenteral aminoglycoside antibiotics in usual dosage did not change the pharyngeal flora. Differential counting of the growth is a simple and useful tool to evaluate the ecology of pharyngeal flora. It serves to monitor overgrowth of resistant organisms in the respiratory tract. PMID- 7044644 TI - Gram stain interpretation of blood cultures. AB - Bacteremia without an obvious focus of infection occurs relatively frequently in highly febrile children between the ages of six and 24 months. Management depends on the clinical situation and probable identity of the bacteria. A year-long study to determine the accuracy of differentiating gram-positive cocci morphologically on the Gram-stained smear of a blood culture demonstrated that streptococci and staphylococci can be distinguished when Gram staining is the procedure used by the laboratory. From such a preliminary report, the bacteremia can be evaluated in the context of the clinical situation and appropriate action can be taken. PMID- 7044645 TI - Streptococcus sanguis biotype II meningitis in a premature infant. PMID- 7044646 TI - Streptococcal pharyngitis: evaluation of diagnosis by gram stain in a pediatric acute care clinic. AB - Clinical prediction of streptococcal pharyngitis at the initial visit is often difficult. The applicability of the gram stain in the initial assessment of streptococcal pharyngitis was evaluated by comparing gram stain with ultimate culture results. Positive gram stains showed polymorphonuclear cells and typical gram-positive cocci. Thirty-one physicians rotating through the Acute Care Clinic of a county teaching hospital participated in the evaluation. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of a positive test (PVP) were 62 per cent, 70 per cent, and 47 per cent, respectively. These results were compared to a clinical algorithm and to the results of a group with more expertise in the technique. It is concluded that the gram-stained smear of pharyngeal secretions does not appear to be a practical tool for the diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis in a busy pediatric emergency unit of a teaching hospital. PMID- 7044647 TI - Using children's books to foster acceptance of a new sibling into a one-child family. PMID- 7044648 TI - Airway foreign body: a complication of neonatal endotracheal intubation. PMID- 7044649 TI - Dynamic and biochemical responses to single and repeated doses of clonidine during dynamic physical activity. AB - Beta-adrenoceptor blockade increases serum K, which may be related to renin inhibition, hypoaldosteronism, and exercise-induced skeletal muscle release of serum K. We report on the dynamic and biochemical response to clonidine (C) after single (S) 0.2-mg and repeated (R) 0.1-mg bid doses of C to six normal subjects at rest, 2 hr after dosing and immediately before dynamic physical activity (DPA) on a treadmill, and at peak activity and 2 hr after DPA. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), plasma renin concentration (PRC), aldosterone (ALD), serum K, epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine (NE) were measured in standing subjects before and 2 hr after placebo or C (S or R), at peak DPA, and 2 hr after exercise. K, BP, and HR were also determined during all stages of DPA. Results show a parallel rise in K at peak over rest after C (S or R) and after placebo. NE, E, and PRC decreased after 1 wk of C (P less than 0.01), but the fall of ALD was only slight. The fall in NE at rest suggested a relationship to the decrease in systolic BP and rate pressure product after 1 wk on C. With DPA there is a normal yet smaller increase in systolic BP and also a smaller rise in HR with S- and R-dose C. There is no adverse rise in K in C-treated subjects during DPA. PMID- 7044650 TI - Pulmonary haemorrhage and pulmonary haemosiderosis. PMID- 7044651 TI - Measurement of cerebral blood flow and metabolism in man. PMID- 7044652 TI - Acute haemodynamic and hormonal effects of captopril are diminished by indomethacin. AB - 1. The acute haemodynamic and hormonal effects of 100 mg of captopril (SQ 14.225) orally were tested in twelve healthy men in the sodium replete state before and after indomethacin pretreatment. 2. Without indomethacin, mean arterial blood pressure was reduced at 30 and 60 min after captopril (P less than 0.02). Heart rate did not change during the whole experiment. Although plasma renin activity (PRA) increased (P less than 0.002), plasma and urinary aldosterone and plasma 18 hydroxycorticosterone (18-OH-B) decreased after captopril (P less than 0.02). Prostaglandin (PG) E2, sodium and potassium excretion rates remained constant after captopril. 3. Under indomethacin pretreatment, the fall in mean arterial blood pressure was less than without indomethacin at 30 and 60 min after captopril (P less than 0.05). Heart rate was constantly lower than without indomethacin during the whole experiment (P less than 0.05). Indomethacin pretreatment decreased basal PGE2 excretion (P less than 0.02) and baseline PRA as well as the increase in PRA after captopril (P less than 0.05). Control mineralocorticoid levels were significantly lower than without indomethacin. In indomethacin-pretreated subjects, aldosterone did not further decrease after captopril, and 18-OH-B fell only slightly. 4. Without indomethacin pretreatment a significant, positive correlation was found between PRA values before captopril and the maximum decrease of mean arterial blood pressure after captopril. Under indomethacin pretreatment this correlation was no longer demonstrable. The results suggest that prostaglandins may contribute to the haemodynamic and hormonal actions of captopril. PMID- 7044653 TI - The cell surface and disease. PMID- 7044654 TI - Plasma renin in long-term diuretic treatment of hypertension: effect of discontinuation and restarting therapy. AB - 1. Plasma renin activity, body weight and blood pressure were measured before and after 7 days' treatment with bendrofluazide in ten hypertensive subjects. They were then treated with bendrofluazide alone (5 mg daily) for a minimum of 3 years. The diuretic was then discontinued and the measurements were repeated before and again after 7 days with bendrofluazide. The results were compared with those obtained before chronic treatment with the diuretic. 2. Chronic diuretic treatment was associated with a persistent and progressive rise in plasma renin activity, that fell promptly to pretreatment levels when diuretics were discontinued. This was associated with significant weight gain but no immediate significant rise in blood pressure. 3. When acutely challenged with bendrofluazide the patients showed a greater increase in plasma renin activity on the second occasion than on the first. Three out of five patients with an initially subnormal diuretic treatment. 4. Chronic diuretic treatment increased the responsiveness of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in some hypertensive patients. 5. Classification of hypertensive patients into renin subgroups may be influenced by previous therapy, even when that therapy has been discontinued for 4 weeks. In particular 'low renin hypertension' may be masked by recent use of diuretics, as shown by three of the five patients in this subgroup in the present study. PMID- 7044655 TI - Aspirin, dipyridamole and platelet survival in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - 1. Platelet survival in 27 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with severe retinopathy was studied in a double-blind cross-over trial using placebo, aspirin (990 mg/day) and a combination of dipyridamole (225 mg/day) with aspirin at two dosage levels (330 mg and 990 mg/day). 2. Twenty patients (group I) had 51Cr labelled-platelet survival after treatment with placebo and the high-dose aspirin/dipyridamole combination. The remaining seven patients (group II) had platelet-regeneration times measured after each of the four treatment periods. 3. Treatment of group I patients with the high-dose-aspirin/dipyridamole combination resulted in significant (P less than 0.001) prolongation of platelet survival from 7.3 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SEM days to 8.4 +/- 0.1 days. 4. In group II patients, when compared with the mean placebo result of 7.2 +/- 0.2 days, the mean aspirin labelled-platelet-regeneration time was significantly (P less than 0.01) longer only after high-dose-aspirin/dipyridamole (9.8 +/- 0.5 days) but not after low dose-aspirin/dipyridamole (8.3 +/- 0.5 days) or aspirin alone (7.3 +/- 0.3 days). 5. These results suggest that it may be premature to consider reducing the dose of aspirin in aspirin/dipyridamole combinations below 1 g/day when used as antithrombotic therapy. PMID- 7044656 TI - Blood viscosity, glycaemic control and retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - 1. In a cross-sectional study, 32 insulin-treated diabetic patients had elevated low shear (27.1 vs 22.1 mPa s, P less than 0.05) and high shear blood compared with 10 non-diabetic controls. After correction to 45% packed cell volume, the abnormality had a tendency to be greater in patients with proliferative (mean low shear viscosity, 30.8 mPa s) than background (29.2 mPa s) or nil/minimal retinopathy (27.6 mPa s, 0.05 less than P less than 0.97, permutational trend test). 2. The fibrinogen levels were higher in the diabetic group (P less than 0.05) and correlated with the low shear blood viscosity (rs = 0.38, P less than 0.05). 3. In a prospective study, 74 insulin-treated diabetic patients with background retinopathy were randomized into two groups. Thirty-six patients were on attempted improved therapy (A group); in these the mean glycosylated haemoglobin (Hb A1c) fell within 1 year (11.6 to 10.1%, P less than 0.001). both the corrected low shear blood and plasma viscosity fell similarly (P less than 0.001). The fall was greater than in those patients who were kept on usual therapy (U group) and whose glycosylated haemoglobin did not change significantly (11.7 to 11.4% over the year. 4. The effect of diabetes on blood viscosity may not be a direct pathological factor, as the same increased viscosity would be produced by a mean increase of 1.7% in packed cell volume, compared with a population range of 14% packed cell volume. PMID- 7044657 TI - Single detector renography with 131I-hippuran and 99mTc-DTPA: a comparison. PMID- 7044658 TI - Prostaglandin E1 therapy for peripheral vascular disease is better than placebo. PMID- 7044659 TI - Prostaglandin therapy for peripheral vascular disease - better than placebo? PMID- 7044660 TI - [Sodium diclofenac in the ambulatory therapy of joint inflammation and pain. Multicentric open-ended research performed by 223 Italian physicians]. PMID- 7044661 TI - [Therapy and prevention of thromboembolic diseases: anticoagulants and fibrinolytics]. PMID- 7044662 TI - [Therapeutic directions in chronic obstructive pneumopathies]. PMID- 7044663 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 7044664 TI - New methods of treatment for diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7044665 TI - Effect of operator variability and patient age on the retention of fissure sealant resin: 3-year results. PMID- 7044666 TI - The least restrictive alternative: hidden meanings and agendas. PMID- 7044667 TI - The comparative isozymology of vertebrate hexokinases. AB - 1. Multiple hexokinase isozymes have been found in most vertebrates. Since each isozyme displays distinctive structural, kinetic and regulatory characteristics, the system qualifies as a useful probe for studies on molecular evolution. 2. At least seven types of chromatographic patterns of liver hexokinases have been observed in mammals. In contrast, each Class of lower vertebrates present only two or three distinct profiles. 3. Aves and higher Reptiles do not have the same hexokinase isozymes as other vertebrates. The nature of the differences is poorly understood. 4. Ontogenetic changes of liver hexokinase profiles are quite different in rat, chick and frog. 5. Structural comparisons of three vertebrate hexokinases having a molecular weight of approximately 100,000 suggest that those isozymes originated from a pre-vertebrate ancestor through gene duplication followed by fusion and further duplication events. Another hexokinase (the so called glucokinase), with half the molecular weight, may have arisen either as the result of subsequent even splitting of the fused gene or, less probably, by divergence from a duplicated gene before the fusion event. PMID- 7044668 TI - Properties of protease inhibitors from the haemolymph of silkworms, Bombyx mori, Antheraea pernyi and Philosamia cynthia ricini. AB - 1. Effects of inhibitors in the haemolymph from three silkworms on proteases from the alimentary canal of respective insects were studied as well as those on bovine trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin. 2. In Bombyx haemolymph, three inhibitor fractions were separated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. These fractions differed in the specificity of inhibition for different proteases and in thermal stability. 3. In Antheraea haemolymph, a relatively different elution profile was observed compared to that of Bombyx. Philosamia haemolymph showed the intermediate type of elution pattern. 4. Inhibitors from the haemolymph of Antheraea and Philosamia were heat stable. 5. Distinct electrophoretic patterns of inhibitors were observed in three silkworms. PMID- 7044669 TI - Comparative studies on the kinetic parameters and product analyses of chicken and rat liver and yeast fatty acid synthetase. AB - 1. Comparative kinetics and product analyses of chicken and rat liver and yeast fatty acid synthetase. 2. Vmax's for the three enzymes studied decrease with increasing primer chain-length, while Km's (except for yeast) increases. 3. Palmitate is the main product (approximately 90%) of the rat synthetase whereas palmitate (60%) and stearate (40%) are the products of chicken and yeast enzymes. Increasing the primary chain length does not alter palmitate synthesis by rat and chicken enzymes but increases stearate synthesis by the yeast synthetase. 4. The three synthetases could not synthesize fatty acids in the absence of primer acetyl-CoA suggesting that malonyl-CoA decarboxylase is not a component. PMID- 7044670 TI - Comparison of three alkaline proteases from digestive fluid of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. AB - 1. Digestive fluid proteases of the silkworm, 6B1-3, were separated, partially purified and their properties were compared. 2. These proteases were different in the substrate specificity, effect of inhibitors, Km and influence of Mn2+. 3. Hydrolyzing ability for natural substrates was comparatively high in 6B1, whereas the hydrolysis of synthetic substrates of trypsin by 6B1 was lower than that by 6B2 or 3. 4. The protease activity was sensitive to DFP and PMSF. The soybean trypsin inhibitor differentially affected three proteases. Silkworm haemolymph strongly inhibited the protease activity of 6B2 and 3, but scarcely affected 6B1. PMID- 7044671 TI - HELP-based decision analysis applied to coronary artery disease. PMID- 7044672 TI - A program for the control of an image analysis system used in in vitro assays of cell-mediated immunity. AB - A program for automated control of cell enumeration, microscope stage and focus adjustment and statistical analysis of data is described. The program is designed to run on an Hewlett-Packard 9835A desktop computer programmable in Hewlett Packard Enhanced BASIC. PMID- 7044673 TI - A randomization list generator for biomedical experiments. AB - The paper describes RANLST, an interactive program to produce random sequences for randomizing patients or animals to treatments in biomedical experiments. The program allows the user to specify strata, seed value for the random generator, equal or unequal treatment allocation, and unrestricted or restricted randomization. An illustrative example is included. PMID- 7044674 TI - A conversational microcomputer-based health risk appraisal. AB - We have developed a conversational microcomputer-based health risk appraisal program. This appraisal has been tested on over 200 users at 3 locations in urban and suburban Minneapolis. It was considered helpful by 92% of its users, and 25% stated that they would probably or definitely change a living habit based on its use. All 3 populations considered it comparably helpful, irrespective of their different age and sex distributions. A complex health appraisal, which was formerly assumed to require batch processing on a large computer, can be carried out on a small personal system in an interactive mode. Such a program is acceptable to users and has the potential to motivate change in risky behavior. PMID- 7044675 TI - The joint commission on accreditation of hospitals: relations with the practicing physician--past, present and future. JCAH and the practicing physician: historical relationships and current issues. (First of two parts). PMID- 7044676 TI - Microgliomatosis in a Schnauzer dog. AB - Microgliomatosis was found in the central nervous system of a 7-year-old male Standard Schnauzer. History, neurologic examination, laboratory tests and electrodiagnostics could not localize the disease process in the central nervous system. The animal was not treated, continued to deteriorate, and was euthanatized approximately 8 weeks after clinical signs were first detected. Diagnosis was made upon histologic examination of the brain. PMID- 7044677 TI - Relationship of intracellular and extracellular action potentials of skeletal muscle fibers. PMID- 7044678 TI - Computerized electrocardiography. PMID- 7044679 TI - X-ray computed tomography: an engineering synthesis of multiscientific principles. AB - The discovery of X-rays in 1895 heralded a new era in the practice of medicine visualization into the body without painful and often life-threatening surgery. The discovery was almost immediately recognized and accepted for its potential as a new medical diagnostic technique, a methodology which has been characterized by many evolutional improvements during the intervening 85 years. These advances have been perpetuated by development of more sophisticated and powerful instruments which have broadened and refined the utilization of X-rays for medical imaging. However, not until the early 1970s did any new implementation of X-ray imaging have revolutionary impact on the practice of medicine. In 1971 an X ray scanner was developed which produced cross-sectional images of the brain by employing several different scientific concepts, some known for over 50 years. The reduction of these concepts to practice was a significant scientific achievement, and was based on a precisely engineered instrument which transmitted X-rays through the body and recorded their attenuation around 180 degrees, providing the data for computation and display of cross-sectional images of the body. Although the decade of the 1970s has seen this new technology-called X-ray computed tomography (CT)-develop and expand into several areas of application, the foremost of these remains in medical imaging whereas phenomenal evolution in capabilities of CT scanners has occured. However, the trend toward faster scanners with concomitant improvements in imaging accuracy holds promise for significant applications in basic biomedical and physiological research as well, with capabilities for quantitative analysis of anatomic-physiologic relationships and for noninvasive diagnostic body tissue examination and determination of tissue characteristics which have heretofore been possible only by surgical procedures, histological techniques, and/or pathological dissection at autopsy. This review chronicles the relatively short history of X-ray computed tomography and attempts to put in perspective the fundamental reason for its remarkable success, namely that it derives from an ingenious engineering synthesis of several well-founded principles in the basic and applied sciences. PMID- 7044680 TI - Hemodynamic response to changes in ventilatory patterns in patients with normal and poor left ventricular reserve. AB - Hemodynamic effects of controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV), intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV), and intermittent mandatory ventilation with 5 cm H20 PEEP (IMV 5 peep) were studied in 20 patients after aortocoronary bypass surgery. Significant increases in cardiac index (CI) and stroke volume index (SI) (p less than 0.01) resulted in patients with normal left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and ejection fraction (EF) changing from CMV to IMV. With a change from IMV to IMV 5 peep, the CI and SI returned to CMV values. However, in patients with increased LVEDP with an EF of less than 0.6, suggesting poor ventricular function and reserve, when the mode of ventilation was changed from CMV to IMV, right atrial pressure (RAP) and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) significantly increased (p less than 0.01) with an associated significant decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP), CI, SI (p less than 0.01). When these patients were placed on IMV 5 peep, the hemodynamic variables returned to the values obtained during CMV. We conclude that changing from CMV to IMV has salutory effects on the patient's hemodynamic values with normal left ventricular function. But in patients with failing left ventricle, volume overload of right ventricle which occurs with the institution of spontaneous respiration during IMV has deleterious effects on the hemodynamic variables. These deleterious effects can be effectively negated by the application of IMV 5 peep. PMID- 7044681 TI - Effect of nitroprusside on pulmonary hypertension and lung fluid balance after E. coli endotoxin. AB - Pulmonary edema after Escherichia coli (E. coli) endotoxin administration is characterized by marked pulmonary hypertension adn microvascular protein permeability. Conceivably, therapy directed at reducing pulmonary arterial hypertension should improve right ventricular mechanics and potentially may decrease the amount of edema formed. We studied the effect of nitroprusside (NP) on pulmonary hypertension, transvascular fluid filtration rate (reflected in lung lymph flow (QL)) and microvascular protein permeability after E. coli endotoxin lung injury. Using the unanesthetized sheep lung lymph preparation, we found the initial pulmonary hypertension after endotoxin infusion refractory to NP. One h after endotoxin, NP significantly reduced the pulmonary artery pressure (P PA) compared to the endotoxin control group. During NP infusion, cardiac output increased a P PA decreased. We found no difference in QL during NP infusion compared to the control group. After cessation of NP infusion, QL increased, whereas protein clearance (QL x lymph protein content) remained constant. We found no beneficial effect of nitroprusside on transvascular fluid flux and microvascular protein permeability after E coli endotoxin injury. PMID- 7044682 TI - High risk of the critically ill for venous thromboembolism. AB - The incidence of deep venous thrombosis of the legs (DVT) was studied in 119 critically ill patients by 125I-labeled fibrinogen scanning; the efficacy of low dose heparin prophylaxis was assessed in a randomized, double-blind study. DVT occurred in 29% of control patients and in 13% of patients receiving heparin 5000 U subcutaneously twice daily. DVT was found mainly in men and was associated with circulatory impairment, respiratory failure and recent vascular or cancer surgery. In a comparison study of medical patients, DVT occurred in 10% untreated and 2% treated. In conclusion, the critically ill are at high risk of venous thromboembolism and low-dose prophylaxis is warranted in those who have no hemostatic impairment. PMID- 7044683 TI - Empyema of the gallbladder--potential consequence of medical intensive care. AB - We present 3 patients who developed empyema of the gallbladder after admission to the medical ICU for diseases unrelated to gallbladder pathology. Empyema of the gallbladder developed during a prolonged stay in the ICU. Modern intensive care practices may predispose the gallbladder to localized, discrete sepsis. Cryptic biliary tract disease should be considered in patients with medical illness, particularly when complicated by recognized predisposing factors and septicemia of unknown origin. PMID- 7044684 TI - Pneumoperitoneum--a review. PMID- 7044685 TI - Phencyclidine (PCP): a review and perspectives. PMID- 7044686 TI - The mesothelium and its reactions: a review. AB - The origins, nature, and reactions of the mesothelium have intrigued investigators for over 100 years. Recently, the use of sophisticated techniques has clarified earlier impressions of its development, structure, and function. The structure of mesothelium reflects its functional properties, its long slender microvilli entrapping a layer of glycosoaminoglycans, providing a frictionless free surface between the parietal and visceral serosa. Transport requirements are met by various surface modifications and both inter- and intra-cellular mechanisms occur. The presence of stomatal openings in the mesothelial membrane has been established, and they may have a major role to play in the movement of cells to and from the serosal cavities. In addition, mesothelial cells can respond to situations of increased functional demand and during the course of inflammation, the mesothelium's fibrinolytic properties are of major importance in preventing the formation of adhesions and the enhancement of healing. Of all the unanswered questions the most significant is the nature, localization, and potentialities of mesothelial precursors. A mesodermal origin is readily acknowledged, but the healing process of damaged mesothelium is less clear. It seems probable that "mature" mesothelium is one source of cell renewal, but mesenchymal cells located in the submesothelial serosa are also strong contenders. Neoplastic mesothelium can adopt a spectrum of histological appearances, reflecting its mesodermal origins. In fact, overacceptance of this concept has erroneously led to the classification of other neoplasms arising in the serosal area as mesotheliomas. Although the ocogenic sequence is still obscure, asbestos is recognized as the major etiologic agent in malignant mesotheliomas. In 1955, Hartwell described differing impressions of the peritoneum as seen through the eyes of an anatomist, an histologist, and a surgeon. In this review on the mesothelium we have attempted to unravel some of its complexities as viewed by embryologists, electronmicroscopists, cell biologists, pathologists, and oncologists. PMID- 7044687 TI - Extranodal lymphoma: surgical and other therapeutic alternatives. PMID- 7044688 TI - Is exercise beneficial to patients with type I diabetes mellitus? Transcript of a controversy debate. PMID- 7044689 TI - The difference in insulin sensitivity and metabolic response to acute exercise in trained and sedentary subjects. PMID- 7044690 TI - The philosophy of exercise. PMID- 7044691 TI - Metabolic and cardiac effects of mild exercise in non-insulin diabetes. PMID- 7044692 TI - Glucose tolerance, serum insulin, and serum lipids in athletes. PMID- 7044693 TI - Glycogen metabolism and exercise in diabetes. PMID- 7044694 TI - Peripheral insulinaemia and the glucoregulatory response to exercise in diabetic man. PMID- 7044695 TI - Substrate metabolism during exercise in normal and diabetic man. PMID- 7044696 TI - Carcinoid heart disease: a clinical pathologic, and therapeutic update. AB - The carcinoid syndrome is a rare clinical entity, the unique manifestations of which continue to excite the interest of physicians. Despite a common origin from neural crest tissue, the tumors are partially differentiated, as evidence by the different secretory products of foregut, midgut, and hindgut carcinoids. They also differ in their ability to metastasize, thus presenting an even more varied clinical picture. The prognosis of patients with carcinoid syndrome varies with the origin of the tumor and extent of metastases. The management of patients with carcinoid syndrome is difficult. Despite an understanding of the neurohormones that carcinoid tumors secrete, their various antagonists and inhibitors have been only partially successful in providing symptomatic relief. Carcinoid heart disease represents the most intriguing aspect of this syndrome. Although valvular dysfunction most often coexists with flushing and diarrhea, the findings of tricuspid regurgitation or stenosis occasionally provide the first clue to the presence of the disease. Despite intensive research, the definite etiology of these valvular lesions has not been established. A small group of patients has been managed by valve replacement. While surgical treatment has been successful in improving hemodynamics in most of these patients, it is expected to prolong life only in those without extensive liver metastases. In patients with extensive metastatic disease, one must carefully consider whether the risks and trauma of cardiac surgery for palliation are justified. PMID- 7044697 TI - The C-reactive protein response and its ability to predict onset and termination of renal allograft rejection. PMID- 7044698 TI - From the point of view of an immunologist: enemies from within or friends from long ago? PMID- 7044699 TI - Benign chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood: a review. AB - Chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood is one of the nonhereditary blistering diseases of children. Clinically, it is characterized by predominantly monomorphous, large tense bullae, which often form a "rosette pattern" or "jewel like" clustering and have a predilection for the lower trunk, pelvic region, and lower extremities. Histologically, a subepidermal blister is seen, which is indistinguishable from either bullous pemphigoid or dermatitis herpetiformis. Although usually responsive to sulfone therapy, some cases require the combination of sulfones and systemic corticosteroids or corticosteroids alone to control the disease. Recent advances in immunologic techniques reveal: 1. a linear band of IgA at the dermal-epidermal junction on direct immunofluorescence that has been reported both in the lamina lucida and below the basal lamina on immunoelectron microscopy; 2. IgA antibasement membrane antibodies on indirect immunofluorescence; 3. normal jejunal biopsies; and 4. a high association with HLA-B8. It remains unclear whether chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood represents a separate disease entity or is merely a variant of dermatitis herpetiformis. Chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood also differs from linear IgA dermatosis of the adult in that the latter is not associated with HLA-B8, and thus should not be confused with this disease by similar nomenclature. PMID- 7044700 TI - Computer-aided alcoholism diagnosis in obstetric-gynecologic medical settings. AB - A computer-aided Alcoholism Diagnostic ALGOrithm (ADALGO) based on the NCA criteria for the diagnosis of alcoholism is applied in 233 obstetric and gynecologic patients. Alcoholism symptoms in the patients were intensively investigated by means of a 10-page, self-administered questionnaire, a 45-minute interview, and a medical record review. Alcoholism diagnoses based on the resulting set of 43 NCA symptoms are compared with ADALGO diagnoses utilizing an average of 26 symptoms. Agreement was achieved in 95.7% of the cases for dichotomous, alcoholic-nonalcoholic diagnoses and in 91% of the cases using a five-category alcoholism diagnostic schema. The feasibility of routinely screening for and diagnosing alcohol-related problems in ambulatory care settings using ADALGO and the NCA criteria is discussed. PMID- 7044701 TI - Hypogonadism and feminization in alcoholic men: the past, present and future. PMID- 7044702 TI - Genetic influences on alcohol consumption and actions of alcohol. AB - Recent studies, utilizing twin pairs and adoption paradymes, have demonstrated hereditary influences on alcohol drinking behavior and on the risk of alcoholism. It is well recognized that alcoholism is a complex condition involving a number of actions of alcohol and alcohol related behaviors. It is not surprising, therefore, that investigations, in man, have demonstrated individual differences in ethanol metabolism and other actions of alcohol and that these individual differences appear to be genetically influenced as well as influenced by environmental factors. Numerous studies have been conducted over the past decade which demonstrate, in animals, a genetic influence on alcohol metabolism and on the actions of alcohol. In this review, the evidence for a genetic influence on central nervous system sensitivity to the effects of alcohol have been discussed including studies with inbred strains of mice and selectively bred lines of mice and rats. The review summarizes studies which suggest a genetic influence on the acquisition of both acute and chronic tolerance to ethanol and upon the display of withdrawal symptoms following the discontinuance of chronic ethanol exposure. It is clear that heredity has ubiquitous influence on alcohol related processes and that these genetic influences are expressed at the behavioral, pharmacological and neurochemical levels. PMID- 7044703 TI - Genetic implications of the alcohol-induced flushing phenomenon in Orientals. PMID- 7044704 TI - Effects of ethanol on hepatic protein secretion and microtubules. Possible mediation by acetaldehyde. PMID- 7044705 TI - Metabolite levels in gastric mucosa: influence of ethanol. PMID- 7044706 TI - Adverse effects of ethanol upon sexual functioning: experimental studies in animals. PMID- 7044707 TI - Neuropsychological concomitants of alcoholism. PMID- 7044708 TI - Favorable effects of acebutolol on exercise performance and angina in men with coronary artery disease. AB - Acebutolol, a relatively cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking drug, was administered to 20 men with coronary artery disease and angina. A three month double-blind cross-over (placebo and acebutolol) design was used following a 12 week placebo phase and a six-week dose-titration phase. During the cross-over phase, acebutolol (400 mg in 19 men and 300 mg in one, orally three times per day) increased the duration of treadmill exercise (placebo, 6.8 +/- 0.5) min [average +/- SEM]; acebutolol, 8.1 +/- 0.6 min; P less than 0.05) and decreased the frequency of ST segment depression during exercise (placebo, 12 or 20 men; acebutolol, 6 of 20 men). The heart rate x systolic blood pressure product (x 10( 2)) was decreased both at rest (placebo, 105.0 +/- 4.0; acebutolol, 84.0 +/- 3.0; P less than 0.01) and during exercise (placebo, 199.0 +/- 10.0; acebutolol, 144.0 +/- 8.0; P less than 0.01). Acebutolol treatment decreased the frequency of angina (diary cards) (placebo, 9.0 +/- 2.4 episodes per week; acebutolol, 6.4 +/- 2.2 episodes per week; P less than 0.05) and decreased the consumption of nitroglycerin (placebo, 9.0 +/- 4.4 tablets per week; acebutolol, 7.4 +/- 4.0 tablets per week; P less than 0.05). Results suggest that acebutolol increases exercise performance and decreases the occurrence of angina in men with coronary disease. PMID- 7044709 TI - Pulmonary sarcoidosis. Long-term follow-up of the effects of steroid therapy. AB - Fifteen years ago we began a prospective study using alternate case treatment with prednisone in patients with pulmonary function abnormalities due to sarcoidosis. Twenty-five patients were divided into treatment and control groups that were similar in sex, age, race, degree of pulmonary dysfunction, and duration of disease. Evaluation included complete spirometric studies, single breath carbon monoxide diffusion capacity, and arterial blood gases. Follow-up studies at six months, one to two years, and ten to 15 years show no difference between the treated and untreated groups. Improvement or deterioration in pulmonary function of individual patients in the treated group was reflected in the control group, even in those patients with a diffusing capacity and forced vital capacity less than 65 percent of predicted. Data from this long-term study fail to show any benefit of short-term use of steroids in therapy for pulmonary sarcoidosis. PMID- 7044710 TI - The distribution of soluble antigens instilled into the respiratory tract. Modulation by immunity and inflammation. PMID- 7044711 TI - [Preformed metallic crowns in pedodontics]. PMID- 7044712 TI - [Simplified impression techniques for complete dentures]. PMID- 7044713 TI - [Ambroise Pare and dentistry]. PMID- 7044714 TI - [Cancellous bone transplantation]. PMID- 7044715 TI - [Uses of autologous skin in traumatology]. PMID- 7044716 TI - [Indications, technic and results of autogenic bone transplantations]. AB - The results of autogenous bone grafts to reconstruct defects created by fractures, pseudarthrosis, osteotomies and tumor-like lesions were analyzed in 397 cases. In the different fields of indication the grafts were repaired in approximately the same time and incidence. Stabile conditions at the site of defect are of utmost importance. Mostly the grafts were taken from the iliac crest and there the 0.3% incidence of postoperative hematoma is low. For a solid repair of the defect the grafts should not only fill the gap but also bridge the defect from fragment to fragment. PMID- 7044717 TI - [Current reconstructive measures for the covering of defects in the extremities]. AB - Large defects of soft tissue and bone in the lower extremity are still a great surgical problem with regard to morbidity and preservation of the leg. Conventional operative procedures such as cross leg or pedical flap are frequently not sufficient to guarantee successful treatment. Local muscle flap, myocutaneous flap and free-tissue transfer with microvascular anastomoses are excellent surgical supplements for better and quicker treatment, as they can generally be performed in one operative step. Strict indication and a specially trained operating team are essential for successful treatment in these more risky procedures. The new techniques and applications are demonstrated on various cases. PMID- 7044718 TI - [Emergency surgical treatment of injuries to the lateral region of the face]. AB - If not treated correctly, injuries to the lateral part of the face can result in permanent mimetic disturbances. Since the final results of such treatment are often determined by the initial measures taken, close adherence to several basic principles for emergency surgical treatment of injuries to the parotid gland and facial nerve is imperative. To ensure optimal conditions for a successful follow up nerve plasty, a special method of marking the nerve ends with silver clips and silicone tubes is recommended. PMID- 7044719 TI - [The significance of clinical application of LH-releasing hormone test in patients with amenorrhea (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044720 TI - [Clinical application of acrylic resin for casting mould (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044721 TI - [Direct bonding of plastic orthodontic attachment in the treatment of impacted teeth (analysis of 12 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044722 TI - [The use of cold-curing resin in removable partial denture prosthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044723 TI - [Treatment of hyperextension of knee with bone graft below tibial plateau (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044724 TI - Comparison between oral and systemic antibiotics and their combined use for the prevention of complications in colorectal surgery. AB - Ninety patients were included in this prospective randomized trial. Each required electric colorectal surgery and was prepared for operation with oral preoperative antibiotic therapy, systemic peroperative therapy, or by a combination of both. The number of each type of septic postoperative complication and their total did not differ between the group treated by oral antibiotics prior to operation and the group treated peroperatively with systemic antibiotic therapy. The total number of septic complications (wall abscesses, fistulas, subdiaphragmatic abscesses, septicemia, peritonitis), however, was significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the group treated by both preoperative oral antibiotics and peroperative systemic antibiotic therapy (3.3 per cent) than in either groups treated only orally preoperatively (30 per cent) or by systemic antibiotic therapy during the operation (23 per cent). The combination of oral antibiotic therapy prior to operation and of systemic peroperative antibiotic therapy, therefore, presents the most effective prophylactic effectiveness. PMID- 7044725 TI - Observations on the immunocytes and macrophages in megacolon. AB - An immunoperoxidase staining method was used to study specific immunoglobulin containing cells in the intestinal mucosa of children who presented with features suggestive of Hirschsprung's disease. No evidence was found to substantiate the hypothesis of an immunologic component in the etiology of Hirschsprung's disease. The megacolon in this condition had an increased proportion of IgG-containing cells and a reduced proportion of IgA-containing cells when compared with normal and unobstructed colon; this may be a reflection of an abnormal mucosal immune defense leading to susceptibility to the enterocolitis found in Hirschsprung's disease. Numerous lipofuscin-bearing macrophages were seen in the colonic mucosa of children with anal stenosis who were given anthraquinone laxatives for varying periods. The possibility that this represents an early stage of melanosis coli, as well as the likelihood of anthraquinones contributing to the pathogenesis of acquired megacolon, are considered. PMID- 7044726 TI - Loop transverse colostomy. The case against. AB - All large-bowel stomas (198) performed between 1970 and 1980 in a community hospital were reviewed. Twenty-nine stomas were loop transverse colostomies. There were five deaths, a complication rate related to the stoma of 28 per cent, and only 18 patients ever achieved colostomy closure. Our conclusions are as follows: (1) transverse colostomy is a holdover from the past; (2) "temporary" loop colostomy is a misnomer; (3) all colostomies should be end-bearing and matured primarily; (4) blind surgery invites tragedy; (5) loop transverse colostomy is a risky first stage with little benefit; (6) every colostomy should be placed as near as possible to the disease process; and (7) resection of the disease is the ideal first stage. PMID- 7044727 TI - Prospective studies on the etiology and treatment of pruritus ani. AB - Seventy-five patients presented with the complaint of pruritus ani. The following prospective studies were employed to evaluate groups of these patients; (1) laboratory, including blood count, stool examination for ova and parasites, urinalysis, Sequential Multiple Analysis-12 serum studies, stool pH, and skin scrapings for fungi; (2) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; (3) anal manometry; (4) elimination of dietary factors, and (5) topical ointment application. Many patients were concerned that a cancer caused the symptom. Once reassured, they tolerated the pruritus. Forty-eight to 50 per cent of these patients had poorly formed stools or incomplete stool evacuation; thus, soiling was frequent. An underlying skin problem was found in six patients with psoriasis and in one with erythrasma. Patients tended to worsen the problem by application of many medications and overzealous cleaning. Minor surgical problems of the anus should be corrected before other managements are instituted. Idiopathic pruritus ani responds to anal cleanliness, dietary discretion with avoidance of specific items by some patients, bowel habit regulation, and a mild topical hydrocortisone cream. PMID- 7044728 TI - Concurrent colonic carcinoma and small-bowel carcinoid tumor. Case reports and review of the literature. AB - Recent reviews stressing the existence of synchronous and metachronous noncarcinoid neoplastic lesions in the same segment of an organ stimulated a review of experience with simultaneous small-bowel carcinoids and colonic carcinoma. Four cases of colonic malignancy associated with small-bowel carcinoid are presented. Included are cases with multiple carcinoids and concurrent multiple carcinomas; two metachronous carcinomas with subsequent ileal carcinoids, and three cases explored for colonic carcinoma with the discovery of incidental ileal carcinoids. There are few reports describing this variety of situations. The occurrence of concurrent malignant lesions, particularly more than one metachronous lesion in primary carcinoid cases, is uncommon. PMID- 7044729 TI - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Louis A. Buie, M.D. 1890-1975: Jeep disease (pilonidal disease of mechanized warfare). PMID- 7044730 TI - Rapid gastric emptying in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - Isosmotic liquid peptone meals adjusted to pH 7, 3, and 1.5 were instilled on separate days into the stomachs of 8 duodenal ulcer patients and 7 healthy controls. Using a marker-dilution method, duodenal acid load (DAL) was measured as the amount of unbuffered hydrogen ions delivered to the duodenum per unit time. Gastric emptying was measured as the total volume of gastric contents, including meal plus gastric secretion, passing through the pylorus per unit time (VPP). Mean pentagastrin-stimulated acid output was significantly different between the two groups. However, after all three tests meals, mean DAL was significantly greater in duodenal ulcer than in normal subjects in both hours of the test, and VPP was significantly greater in ulcer than in normal subjects in the first 40 min. In both groups, following peptone meals of pH 7 and 3, the volume of gastric contents delivered through the pylorus decreased as the amount of free hydrogen ions entering the duodenum increased, but a given load of acid was less effective in slowing emptying duodenal ulcer patients than in controls. These studies indicate that duodenal ulcer patients empty liquid meals more rapidly than do normal subjects, independent of the initial pH of the meals, and that, in addition, acid inhibition of gastric emptying is defective in duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7044731 TI - Alcoholism and violence. AB - The relationship between alcoholism and violent behaviour is complex, and five different hypotheses of association between the two are examined. No direct relationship is apparent. Sociological factors can have considerable effect upon the incidence of violent behaviour by populations of drinkers. However, a common theme emerges from the literature of a subgroup, existing in different cultures, whose underlying personality disorder predisposes them both to violent behaviour and to alcoholism. The quantity and quality of their violence further distinguishes them from other violent individuals, and their poor prognosis from other alcoholics. PMID- 7044732 TI - The role of nonenzymatic reactions of glutathione in xenobiotic metabolism. PMID- 7044733 TI - Nonenzymatic contributions to xenobiotic metabolism. PMID- 7044734 TI - The non- and postenzymatic chemistry of N-oxygenated molecules. PMID- 7044735 TI - Diltiazem hydrochloride. PMID- 7044736 TI - Diltiazem: a review of its clinical efficacy and use. PMID- 7044737 TI - [IgE-mediated inflammatory reactions]. PMID- 7044738 TI - [Leishmaniasis and fertility cult. Interpretation of facial mutilations in Moche art]. PMID- 7044739 TI - [Mumps prevention]. PMID- 7044740 TI - [Fibrinolytic treatment of acute and subacute thromboses of the deep veins of the shoulder girdle (author's transl)]. AB - 19 patients were treated with streptokinase and (or) urokinase for primary thrombosis of the subclavian and (or) axillary vein (Paget-von-Schroetter syndrome) of 2 to 28 days' duration. Phlebograms revealed significant improvement in 18 of the 19 patients (complete recanalization in 11, partial recanalization in 7). In those 17 patients whose symptoms had been present for up to 2 weeks the clinical outcome was entirely independent of the delay between the appearance of first symptoms and the start of fibrinolytic therapy, and even in the 2 patients wih an even longer delay complete recanalization was achieved in one (delay of 3 weeks) and partial recanalization in the other (delay of 4 weeks). However, since major clinical improvement occurs also spontaneously in most patients, a clear indication for fibrinolytic therapy exists only in particularly young patients and in those patients who depend on an absolutely perfect function of their upper extremities. In addition, the good results obtained with delayed fibrinolytic therapy justify extending this indication to those remaining patients in whom prior conservative management with elevation of the arm and anticoagulant therapy does not result in sufficient clinical improvement. PMID- 7044741 TI - [Chemotherapy of bone neoplasms]. PMID- 7044742 TI - [Loss of sensory perception in genetic pigment deficiency syndromes. A clinically important chapter in comparative medicine]. PMID- 7044743 TI - [The Houssay phenomenon in man (author's transl)]. AB - Marked insulin sensitivity, accompanied by unusual hypoglycaemic symptoms, was observed in three patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus. All three had anterior hypopituitarism, developing post-partum in two, a craniopharyngioma being the cause in the third. These are thus three examples of the Houssay phenomenon of which only 37 cases have previously been described. PMID- 7044744 TI - [Glycohemoglobin (HbA1): a valuable parameter for the evaluation of long-term control of diabetes]. PMID- 7044745 TI - [Hemorrhagic lung infarct following mucormycosis in a cat suffering from diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044746 TI - [Studies on the prevalence of Corynebacterium suis in wild boars and domestic pigs in the Federal Republic of Germany (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044747 TI - [Surgical treatment of notomelia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044748 TI - [Ethological studies on groups of the Gottingen Miniature Pig(author's transl)]. PMID- 7044749 TI - [Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in a spf pig herd. Contribution to the aetiology of atrophic rhinitis (a. r.) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044750 TI - [Success of equine artificial insemination and control of its progeny identity by serological blood typing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044751 TI - [Bacteriological results of the investigations of Bavarian mares and stallions for reproduction health during the time 1974-1981 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044752 TI - [Dysfunction of femoral and tibial nerves in the horse in the light of clinical and anatomical experiments (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044753 TI - [WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health at the Hannover Veterinary College. 10th seminar on environmental hygiene, 19 February 1982; Environmental pollution by disinfectants in animal production. Abstracts]. PMID- 7044755 TI - [The indications of allogenic joint transplantation in the treatment of bone tumors]. PMID- 7044754 TI - Zomepirac: a review of its pharmacological properties and analgesic efficacy. AB - Zomepirac is an analgesic which is closely related chemically to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, tolmetin. In short term studies mainly involving patients with acute pain of moderately severity, zomepirac was at least as effective as usual therapeutic doses of aspirin, codeine alone or with aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine, dextropropoxyphene with paracetamol, or orally administered pentazocine. Additionally, zomepirac may provide analgesia comparable to that with standard doses of intramuscular morphine in patients with acute pain of moderate intensity, but in severe pain states strong analgesics may be more appropriate. Zomepirac has also been studied in patients with chronic orthopaedic pain or osteoarthritic pain for up to several months, without the need for increased doses. It appears to be at least as effective as usual doses of aspirin when used in this way, with a lower incidence of some side effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances and hearing disorders. Preliminary studies suggest that zomepirac may also be effective in patients with chronic cancer pain who have not been previously maintained on strong analgesics, but further experience is needed to clarify its usefulness in this difficult treatment area. PMID- 7044756 TI - [The Fernstrom prize to Kari Cantellille]. PMID- 7044757 TI - [Fat embolism syndrome and its treatment]. PMID- 7044758 TI - [Captopril therapy of severe heart failure after carditis]. PMID- 7044759 TI - [The cephalosporins]. PMID- 7044760 TI - Multihormonal control of microsomal 5 alpha-reductase activity in cultured adult female rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7044761 TI - Secretion of newly synthesized renin. AB - The release of newly synthesized renin by dog renal cortical slices was investigated. A radioactive protein believed to be renin was secreted from cortical slices into an incubation medium containing radioactive leucine. The nature of the radioactive protein was established by dialyzing the incubation medium after the cortical slices were removed, and subsequently applying the dialysate to 15% discontinuous polyacrylamide gels. Renin activity in the gels comigrated with the labeled protein. The labeled protein, as evidenced by a peak in 3H or 14C disintegrations per min, also comigrated with renin activity in isoelectric focusing gels. The molecular weight of the labeled protein was found to be the same as renin, approximately 40,000. Cortical or medullary slices possessing little or no renin activity did not secrete the labeled protein into the incubation medium. Isoproterenol significantly increased total renin secretion from the slices, but not the secretion of newly synthesized renin. The data support the hypothesis that two or more pools of renin are available for release. One pool releases newly synthesized renin, while another pool releases older, possibly stored renin, dependent in part on the stimuli available for renin release. PMID- 7044762 TI - Discriminative effects of testosterone on hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone levels and luteinizing hormone secretion in castrated male rats: analyses of dose and duration characteristics. AB - We have previously reported that in castrated male rats gonadal steroids can raise LHRH levels in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH). However, there was an important dissociation between episodic LH release and the MBH LHRH response to 17 beta-estradiol. In the present study we have examined the effects of varying the dose of testosterone (T) on the MBH LHRH levels, episodic LH release pattern, and pituitary responsiveness to LHRH; in addition we have determined the duration of T exposure required to elicit the MBH LHRH response. Results show that low serum levels of T (413-638 pg/ml) were just as effective as higher concentrations (1337-1776 pg/ml) in raising the MBH LHRH levels at 96 h; the minimum duration of exposure to T was 72 h. However, whereas higher T levels (greater than 1 ng/ml) suppressed LH release coincident with elevated LHRH levels, low T concentrations did not alter LH release contemporaneous with the MBH LHRH elevations. Analysis of the episodic LH secretion pattern disclosed that these low concentrations of T changed neither the number of pulses per 3 h per rat, pulse amplitude, nor the interpulse interval. On the other hand, as T concentrations were increased, pulse amplitude fell in a dose-related manner while other components of episodic LH secretion remained unchanged. Despite these differential effects of T on the LH release pattern, pituitary sensitivity to exogenous LHRH was reduced by the low as well as high levels of T. These studies show that 1) T can activate those intracellular neurosecretory events that are involved in augmented LHRH supply to the nerve terminals in the median eminence; 2) T can stimulate LHRH accumulation in the MBH by mechanisms that may not involve inhibition of LHRH release; and 3) higher T levels do not alter LH pulse frequency but depress only the pulse amplitude that may result from decrements in the amounts of LHRH released with each neural episode and depressed pituitary sensitivity to LHRH. PMID- 7044763 TI - Thyroglobulin degradation by thyroidal proteases: action of thiol endopeptidases in vitro. AB - We have obtained evidence of thiol endopeptidases in the thyroid which are active in thyroglobulin degradation in vitro. Four pepstatin-insensitive endopeptidase fractions were distinguished in extracts of rabbit thyroids by gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-0.5m. An enzyme from one fraction was obtained in highly purified form and was found to be identical to cathepsin B described in other tissues. Endopeptidases in the three remaining fractions were designated as cathepsins 180K, 110K, and 45K, respectively, on the basis of their estimated molecular size. These were partially purified by either organomercurial affinity chromatography or DEAE-cellulose chromatography. They are identified as thiol endopeptidases on the basis of their sensitivity to inhibition by both leupeptin and the thiol-blocking agent iodoacetic acid and by their activation with the reducing agent glutathione. Each is distinguished from cathepsin B on the basis of molecular size and limited ability to hydrolyze benzoylarginine-2 naphthylamide. The action of the thiol endopeptidases on [125I]thyroglobulin was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate or in sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea. In each instance, the initial peptide fragments were approximately 40-45K and 30K, with iodothyronine contents similar to or less than that of intact thyroglobulin. Later products of digestion than that of intact thyroglobulin. Later products of digestion included first, 20K peptides, which showed a low iodothyronine content, and finally, peptides of approximately 10K, which showed a 1.5-fold enrichment of T4 and T3 over that of intact thyroglobulin. Each of the thiol endopeptidases had a synergistic effect when incubated with cathepsin D and [125I]thyroglobulin. Among the products of such incubations were small iodopeptides, which were iodothyronine-enriched, and free T4, itself. The results show that thiol endopeptidases are present in the thyroid gland and are collectively as important as cathepsin D in the hydrolysis of thyroglobulin in vitro. The action of these enzymes must be considered along with that of cathepsin D in understanding thyroglobulin hydrolysis in vivo. PMID- 7044764 TI - Insulin binding and metabolism by primary cultures of rat hepatocytes: evidence for intracellular location of the low affinity binding sites. PMID- 7044765 TI - Circadian stage-dependent effects of insulin and glucagon on incorporation of [3H]thymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid in the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon, rectum, and spleen of the adult female mouse. AB - Insulin and glucagon were injected ip at four different circadian states into separate subgroups of female adult BALB/Cann mice that had been standardized to 12 h of light alternating with 12 h of darkness. Comparable control subgroups were injected with saline. Four, 8, 12, and 18 h after each of the four injections, subgroups of seven mice that had been injected 30 min earlier with tritiated thymidine ([4H]TdR) were killed; a total of 336 mice were used. The incorporation of [3H]TdR into DNA of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, caecum, colon, rectum, and spleen was subsequently determined. The results demonstrate for the first time that both hormones affect the incorporation of [3H]TdR into DNA in all of the examined organs but in different ways and at different circadian stages. The effects of these hormones were complex, but several generalizations emerged. 1) Insulin tended to increase the incorporation of [3H]TdR into DNA in the examined organs, whereas glucagon tended to decrease it. 2) Insulin was more effective in stimulating the incorporation of [3H]TdR into DNA when injected either at the end of the dark span or the beginning of the light span, as opposed to the end of the light span or the beginning of the dark span. 3) Insulin had its greatest effect on [3H]TdR incorporation into DNA in the glandular stomach and rectum, whereas glucagon had its greatest effect on the colon and spleen. 4) The effects of both insulin and glucagon were different from those of epidermal growth factor, as revealed in a similar study done by us. Our results suggest that insulin, glucagon, and epidermal growth factor play important roles in the control of growth of various endodermally derived organs. PMID- 7044766 TI - Brain stem infusion of the gamma-aminobutyric acid antagonist bicuculline increases plasma insulin levels in the rat. AB - Previous neuroanatomical and physiological studies have indicated that nucleus ambiguus (Amb) is one source of vagal motoneurons in the brain stem that innervates the pancreas and which, when stimulated, increases insulin release. To investigate one of the neurotransmitter inputs to Amb neurons and its relation to insulin secretion, bicuculline, a specific gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist, was infused bilaterally into the Amb region as well as into a neighboring area, the rostral level of the lateral nucleus tractus solitarius (nts) of anesthetized male rats. Experiments were carried out in the presence or absence of the alpha-adrenergic blocker phentolamine. In the absence of phentolamine, no increases in plasma insulin levels were seen after bicuculline or vehicle infusion into the Amb region or after bicuculline infusion into the nts, while plasma glucose levels were significantly increased. In the presence of phentolamine, bicuculline infusion into the Amb region led to a prompt and significant increase in plasma insulin levels that could not be accounted for by changes in glycemia. The infusion of vehicle into Amb or of bicuculline into nts produced small or insignificant increases in plasma insulin levels. These results suggest that Amb neurons capable of modulating plasma insulin levels are under tonic GABA inhibition, an effect that appears to be specific for Amb neurons, since bicuculline infusion into another brain stem nucleus (nts) had no effect on insulin release. The fact that phentolamine pretreatment was necessary to reveal the bicuculline-induced effects corroborates previous studies showing that in addition to a central nervous system inhibition of vagal motoneurons by GABA, there is a tonic sympathetic inhibitory input to the endocrine pancreas capable of masking any disinhibition of vagal motoneurons. The physiological role of GABA inhibition of Amb neurons that innervate the pancreatic beta-cells remains to be determined. PMID- 7044767 TI - In vivo biosynthesis of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in individual free-running female rats. AB - The present studies examined the feasibility of performing in vivo biosynthetic studies of hypothalamic LHRH in preoptic area cannulated individual ovariectomized, estradiol benzoate (EB)-progesterone (P) treated rats. One day after EB treatment, rats were bilaterally cannulated in the anterior ventromedial preoptic area (POA). The following day, rats were treated with P, and a mix of 3H proline and 3H-leucine (500 muCi) was continuously infused (for 8 hr) into the POA using an Alzet osmotic minipump delivery system at a rate of 1 microliter/h/cannula. 3H-LHRH was acid-extracted from discrete hypothalamic regions (POA, medial basal hypothalamus [MBH]and median eminence [ME]) and was purified to constant specific activity by sequential High Performance Liquid Chromatography. 3H-LHRH accounted for 0.010%, 0.018% and 1.6% of the total tissue 3H recovered in the POA, MBH and ME, respectively. These results demonstrate the feasibility of performing physiological studies on the biosynthesis and transport of hypothalamic LHRH using POA cannulated free-running female rats. PMID- 7044768 TI - Neurosecretory nerve cells of rat and fish brain are rich in thiol-protein disulphide oxidoreductase (TPO) immunoreactivity. AB - Thio-protein disulphide oxidoreductase (TPO) was demonstrated in rat and fish brain by use of the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. TPO immunoreactivity was found to be widely distributed throughout rat CNS. Whereas most nerve cells possessed only weak immunoreactivity to the enzyme, the neurosecretory cells of Nuc. supraopticus and Nuc. paraventricularis were heavily laden with immune products. In fishes (rudd) the neurosecret-producing neurons of the Nuc. preopticus were the only locus being positive for TPO. From our findings we conclude that thiol-protein disulphide oxidoreductase might be involved into the process of neurophysin synthesis. PMID- 7044769 TI - Activation, transformation, and subunit structure of steroid hormone receptors. PMID- 7044770 TI - Parathyroid carcinoma: a review of 62 patients. PMID- 7044771 TI - Environmental factors affecting chemoreceptors: an overview. AB - Vertebrate olfactory and gustatory receptors are necessarily exposed to the fluid which contains their relevant chemosensory environment. In terrestrial mammals, the nasal airways serve as protective accessory tissues for the olfactory receptors, but tastes receptors in all vertebrates and olfactory receptors in fish are directly exposed to the liquids which bring chemosensory stimuli to them. The differentiated epithelial cells which form taste buds and the specialized neurons which are the vertebrate olfactory receptors are constantly replaced in normal adult animals, suggesting that chemosensory function per se is damaging to the receptors. Organic and sulfur-containing air pollutants may be among those which adversely affect olfactory receptors, but adequate data are not available. Surfactants and heavy metals can produce physiological and/or morphological damage in gustatory receptors. Some heavy metals are concentrated in saliva, a liquid which interacts closely with taste receptors. A failure to evaluate human chemosensory function in relation to potential chemosensory toxicants accounts for the present inability to specify the incidence of the problem. PMID- 7044772 TI - Genetic differences in drug metabolism associated with ocular toxicity. AB - The tissue localization and subcellular distribution of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the eye are described. With the use of inbred strains of mice, the [Ah] complex is shown to be an important experimental system for probing genetic differences in drug metabolism and related drug toxicities. Although the genetic system described in detail here involves mice, there is ample evidence that the same system operates in man. Genetic differences in acetaminophen- and naphthalene-induced cataract formation and and other ocular degeneration are shown to be related to the [Ah] complex. Because this toxicity appears similar to senile cataracts, we propose that certain types of drug-induced cataracts might exist among clinical populations of senile cataracts but that any cause-and effect relationship would be very difficult to determine because of underlying interindividual differences in genetic predisposition. It is therefore suggested that genetic differences in drug metabolism be an important consideration in the clinical assessment of ocular toxicity caused by drugs and other environmental pollutants. PMID- 7044773 TI - Review of environmental factors affecting hearing. AB - The major nongenetic causes of sensorineural hearing loss are exposure to noise, aging, ototoxic drugs, viral and bacterial infections, and interactions between these factors. Regarding exposure to continuous noise, the data base from laboratory and field studies indicates that a risk of hearing loss is present when noise levels exceed 75-80 dBA. As noise level, duration and number of exposures increase so does risk. The data base for other forms of noise (intermittent, impact) is not as established. Risk of hearing loss due to impulse noise increases as the peak SPL exceeds 145-155 dB and as the duration of the impulse, the number of impulses and the number of exposures increase. High-level acoustic impulses can cause severe, permanent hearing loss. Interaction between some steady-state noises and some acoustic impulses can be synergistic, producing extensive injuries to the organ of Corti. Noise can also interact synergistically with some aminoglycoside antibiotics to produce severe injuries in the inner ear. These antibiotics are also capable of producing hearing loss and indeed may do so in up to 55% of the one million persons who receive aminoglycoside antibiotics during the course of treatment for tuberculosis or severe gram-negative infections. Bacterial and viral infections may also produce mild to severe hearing loss. With the development of rubella vaccine and Rhogam, cytomegalovirus may have become the most common cause of congenital deafness. Aging is also a major cause of hearing loss. Exposure to occupational and environmental noise, certain diseases and life styles (diet, stress, drugs) may interact with the specific effects of aging. The result is moderate to severe hearing loss in a majority of older persons. PMID- 7044774 TI - Histopathological and laboratory assessment of visual dysfunction. AB - The currently available methods of assessing ocular toxicity are discussed. Manifestations of ocular toxicity are best described clinically; histopathological examination of the eye is beset with problems of preparing the eye for morphological examinations. Electron microscopy is essential to look for chemically induced side effects at the cellular level. Mechanisms of ocular toxicity are poorly understood, and the limitation of animal studies in predicting side effects in man must be appreciated. PMID- 7044775 TI - Psychophysical assessment of visual dysfunction. AB - Selected psychophysical techniques for nonhuman animals are described. These include operant learning methods and a new reflexive technique that may prove especially efficient. Problems of particular interest for toxicological research include control of the physical stimulus, choice of species, separation of stimulus from attentional effects, response bias, and pre- and post-training efficiency. PMID- 7044776 TI - Newer laboratory approaches for assessing visual dysfunction. AB - The crucial point that will be emphasized throughout this report is the potential utility of analyzing visual cortical receptive field (RF) properties of the single-cell level as a sensitive and reliable neurotoxicity screening tool. Numerous studies employing exposure of kittens to altered visual environments during the critical period have demonstrated that particular classes of RFs can be selectively affected while sparing others. There has been a rapid proliferation of new methods used to investigate such effects. An important current trend involves the development of multidisciplinary combinations of approaches. The various maneuvers reviewed here seem adaptable to studying neurotoxic insult of the sensitive properties of cortical visual neurons, particularly in the cat or monkey. Conceivably, a general disruption of cortical RF properties might be expected following toxic exposure since individual RF properties are generally not determined by completely independent mechanisms. In fact, some toxicants might produce a general degradation of RF properties akin to the electrophysiological results reported for long-term dark rearing or binocular deprivation. PMID- 7044777 TI - Sensitive periods of susceptibility to auditory trauma in mammals. AB - Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that the cochleae of young animals are more susceptible to auditory trauma than the cochleae of the adult. A sensitive period of heightened susceptibility to acoustic trauma from noise exposure has been demonstrated in three mammalian species. The cochlear pathology associated with this trauma is severe damage to the outer hair cell system. Abnormal growth of auditory evoked responses recorded in central auditory nuclei accompanies the receptor damage during the sensitive period. There is evidence of a similar sensitive period of susceptibility to cochlear insult from ototoxic drugs. The time frame of the sensitive period may be different for drug or noise insult to the cochlea, but the principal pathology of outer hair cell loss remains the same in both cases. The implication of these sensitive periods to auditory trauma, for human development is considered. PMID- 7044778 TI - Clinical assessment of auditory dysfunction. AB - Many drugs, chemical substances and agents are potentially toxic to the human auditory system. The extent of toxicity depends on numerous factors. With few exceptions, toxicity in the auditory system affects various organs or cells within the cochlea or vestibular system, with brain stem and other central nervous system involvement reported with some chemicals and agents. This ototoxicity usually presents as a decrease in auditory sensitivity, tinnitus and/or vertigo or loss of balance. Classical and newer audiological techniques used in clinical assessment are beneficial in specifying the site of lesion in the cochlea, although auditory test results, themselves, give little information regarding possible pathology or etiology within the cochlea. Typically,, ototoxicity results in high frequency hearing loss, progressive as a function of frequency, usually accompanied by tinnitus and occasionally by vertigo or loss of balance. Auditory testing protocols are necessary to document this loss in auditory function. PMID- 7044779 TI - Psychophysical methods for the measurement of somatosensory dysfunction of laboratory animals. AB - Somatosensory dysfunction is a widely reported clinical consequence of chemical exposure. Assessment of such dysfunction should be an important component of agent safety testing, necessarily implying evaluation of psychophysical functions in laboratory animals. The logic of testing agent-induced sensory dysfunction, conceptual and practical factors affecting such tests, and the categories of experimental methods available are reviewed. PMID- 7044780 TI - Equine immunology 2: immunopharmacology--biochemical basis of hypersensitivity. AB - In general, 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions can be defined according to their immunological basis and clinical appearance. The differing mechanisms of these responses are described with particular reference to chemical mediators which through their pharmacological actions contribute to the clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity. Chemical mediators may exert their influence locally or systemically through their action on effector, tissues or organs and in addition, may be involved in the recruitment of cells of specific type to the site of the reaction. The possible role of these mediators in hypersensitivity in the equine species is discussed to provide a background for a subsequent paper which will be concerned with the therapy of hypersensitivity conditions. PMID- 7044781 TI - Pre-interventional prognostic value of renal endocrine, hemodynamic and arteriographic parameters in hypertensive patients with uni- and bilateral renal artery stenosis: a ten years' experience. AB - In order to improve pre-interventional prognosis of blood pressure normalization, in patients normalization, in patients with angiographically proven uni- (n = 75) and bilateral (n = 38) renal artery stenosis, (RAS) evaluation of renal venous and peripheral renin activity including stimulative procedures and Saralasin infusion-test was carried out. In addition selective renal arteriographic, hemodynamic and pharmacodynamic (133 xe-washout) investigations were performed. The data were correlated with operative results concerning response of blood pressure to surgical treatment in 54 patients with uni- and 30 patients with bilateral RAS. Our results suggest that a postoperative normalization of blood pressure can only be expected if pre-interventional selective arteriograms reveal a normal vascular tree accompanied with normal cortical flow rates of both kidneys in uni- and bilateral RAS. Selective renin determinations, stimulative procedures of the renin-angiotensin system and application of angiotensin antagonists are only of value for selection of patients. PMID- 7044782 TI - CT examination of the spine and the spinal canal. AB - Analogous to its other fields of application, CT of the spine and the spinal canal has also already achieved a permanent place among the diagnostic methods. Numerically, CT studies of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine for our patient population with a total of 460 examinations are in the ratio 2: 1: 4.5. The essential advantages are improved differential diagnosis for many processes, the exact breakdown of the degree of extraspinal and intraspinal involvement in the change, the increasing limitation of myelography and last but not least the possibility of reducing cost. PMID- 7044783 TI - Fentanyl-etomidate anesthesia for cardioversion. PMID- 7044784 TI - Do endomyocardial biopsies represent the morphology of the rest of the myocardium? A quantitative light microscopic study of single v. multiple biopsies with the King's bioptome. PMID- 7044785 TI - Exchangeable sodium and saralasin-blocking, plasma renin and aldosterone in pre- and postoperative young patients with aortic coarctation. PMID- 7044786 TI - Scintigraphic detection of urinary leakage after kidney transplantation. AB - Urinary leakage after kidney transplantation is a serious complication. In a retrospective study we analyzed 8 relevant cases of 14 patients with urinary leakage. In these eight patients kidney scintigraphy indicated the presence of urinary extravasation. Compared with other imaging modalities such as IV urography, cystography and ultrasound, scintigraphy seems to be an easy and safe method to detect urinary leakage. Moreover scintigraphic examination may suggest leakage, while this may not be clinically evident or suspected. PMID- 7044787 TI - Orgotein in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7044788 TI - Orgotein in osteoarthritis of the knee joint. AB - A double-blind study showed that four weekly intra-articular injections of 4 mg orgotein were superior to four weekly injections of saline in reducing pain, the duration of morning stiffness and effusions in patients with osteoarthritis. Forty patients with active osteoarthritis of the knee joint were studied. Patients without demonstrable effusion in the joint to be injected were excluded from the study. They were assigned at random to two treatment groups. The treatments appeared identical and the trial was therefore double-blind. The groups were well matched for age, sex, duration of disease and most other measurements made at the start of the study. Orgotein was safe and well tolerated. It caused only slightly more adverse reactions than placebo. Patients receiving orgotein showed no greater radiological deterioration than those receiving placebo. PMID- 7044789 TI - Orgotein efficacy in ameliorating side effects due to radiation therapy. AB - Orgotein efficacy in minimizing the local side effects induced by radiotherapy, administered to patients suffering from bladder or prostate cancer, was studied in 3 double-blind clinical trials. Assessment parameters such as efficacy, signs and symptoms of bladder disease were chosen as follows: incontinence, pain, dysuria, cystoscopic picture, maximal voiding volume, voiding frequency (day and night), diarrhoea, amount of anti-diarrhoea preparations consumed. In the first study orgotein was administered in a dose of 4 mg, 15-30 minutes after radiotherapy. Orgotein was found to be statistically significant superior to placebo when assessed according to the above mentioned criteria. Side effects that would have compelled stopping the orgotein therapy did not develop. In the second trial 50 patients suffering from prostatic carcinoma received after each radiotherapy (5,400 rad during 6 weeks) 8 mg orgotein or placebo. The radiotherapy-induced side effects were less common in the orgotein group than in the placebo group. The third clinical trial was conducted according to the same protocol as the two previous ones. Fifty patients with either prostate or bladder cancer were given orgotein or placebo in conjunction with radio-therapy. Only data of 26 out of 50 are yet available. These data show in agreement with two previous mentioned trials a significant superiority of orgotein compared to placebo. PMID- 7044790 TI - Orgotein: a new drug for the treatment of radiation cystitis. PMID- 7044791 TI - Orgotein, a new drug for the treatment of Peyronie's disease. AB - Twenty-three patients with Peyronie's disease have been treated with the new anti inflammatory metalloprotein drug orgotein, which exhibits pronounced superoxide dismutase activity. Administration was done into the indurated areas of the penis by a special syringe. Evaluation of signs and symptoms included measurement of the induration size and consistency as well as the degree of the deviation of the penis. The patients responded well to orgotein therapy, especially regarding the loss of pain on erection. On long term results also a diminishment of the induration size and penis deviation on erection was observed; the drug administered intraplaqueally was of outstanding safety. PMID- 7044792 TI - [Results of a multicenter orgotein study in gonarthrosis]. PMID- 7044793 TI - Biochemical and pharmacological studies on synovium-cartilage interactions in organ culture. AB - Traumatised normal pig synovium has been cultured with normal pig articular cartilage for 14 days. The breakdown of cartilage collagen and proteoglycan during culture was accompanied by the appearance in the culture medium of collagenase and proteoglycanase respectively which appeared to be derived from the synovium. There was good correlation between culture medium levels of collagenase and cartilage collagen breakdown, but the relationship between synovial proteoglycanase and cartilage proteoglycan breakdown was not so clear cut. Corticosteroids consistently inhibited breakdown of cartilage collagen but not proteoglycan, and inhibited the production of the proteolytic enzymes. High concentrations of aurothiomalate (10(-3)M) inhibited collagen breakdown and partially reduced culture medium enzyme levels. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents such as flurbiprofen and indomethacin had no effect on the breakdown of collagen or proteoglycan and tended to increase culture medium enzyme levels. This culture system may be used to provide further information concerning the action of antirheumatic drugs. PMID- 7044794 TI - Synovial cartilage interactions with special reference to the prostanoids as metabolic agents in cartilage under normal and pathological conditions. PMID- 7044795 TI - Radiologic assessment of benoxaprofen therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Our study of 39 patients with rheumatoid arthritis suggests a trend for benoxaprofen therapy given over a prolonged period to retard the rheumatologic process when measured radiologically by both osseous defect and joint space narrowing rates. After a mean duration of 21 months, the progression of osseous defects (OD) and/or joint space narrowing (JSN) was decreased in 28 of 39 patients (72%) who qualified for this study. Fourteen patients (36%) had both OD and JSN rates decreased. An additional 8 patients had OD rate diminished alone and another 6 patients had JSN decreased alone. Clinical evaluation of benoxaprofen has previously revealed a low risk factor and an ability to improve clinical symptoms and signs. Because there is also a trend for this drug to retard or arrest radiologic progression, it becomes a promising agent for the long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7044796 TI - Benoxaprofen and its effect on serum alkaline phosphatase: a review. AB - Benoxaprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with a novel spectrum of pharmacological activity including regulatory effects on monocytes. It significantly reduces the serum alkaline phosphatase in patients with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. The reduction usually has been within the normal range, but sometimes there has been a change from an abnormal to a normal value. The possible significance of this observation and ways of examining it further are discussed in this review. The reduction may be an effect on osteoblasts secondary to an effect on osteoclasts, cells known to be derived from monocyte precursors. If so, benoxaprofen should be effective in Paget's disease of the bone and preliminary data suggest this may be so. PMID- 7044797 TI - Activated osteoarthrosis (osteoarthritis) and its treatment with indomethacin and benoxaprofen: a double-blind crossover study. AB - Forty patients with osteoarthritis of the hips or knees entered a double-blind crossover study, in which 50 mg t.i.d. indomethacin was compared to a single daily dose of 600 mg benoxaprofen. Patients were randomly allocated to either indomethacin or benoxaprofen for four weeks and then transferred to the alternate drug without a washout period. Thirty-one patients completed the entire trial period. Both indomethacin and benoxaprofen led to a statistically significant improvement (alpha less than or equal to 0.05) of the subjective (measured by a pain score) and the objective joint status (range of motion evaluation) as compared to the pretreatment status. With regard to efficacy, there was no statistically significant difference between the two drugs. Benoxaprofen proved to be the better tolerated compound, causing four dropouts. Six patients were excluded from the indomethacin treatment due to severe gastrointestinal side effects. There also was a higher number of other side effects with indomethacin, but none severe enough to discontinue treatment. With the doses used, both compounds proved to be similar in efficacy in osteoarthritic conditions although benoxaprofen was the better tolerated drug. PMID- 7044798 TI - A double-blind crossover study of benoxaprofen and indomethacin in outpatients suffering from osteoarthrosis of knees. AB - Benoxaprofen (600 mg once a day) and indomethacin (25 mg t.i.d.) were compared in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study in 35 ambulatory hospital outpatients suffering from osteoarthritis of the knee. Six patients on each treatment withdrew because of gastric side effects (3 patients withdrew from both treatments) and a total of 5 patients withdrew because of lack of efficacy (2 on benoxaprofen and 3 on indomethacin). Twenty-two patients were suitable for analysis of efficacy and safety. The two drugs were shown to be comparable in efficacy by both the subjective and objective parameters used to assess pain, stiffness, and movement. However, because there was no washout period between administration of the two drugs, there was a tendency for the drug given second (8 benoxaprofen versus 14 indomethacin) to have greater efficacy. Side effects reported were mostly mild in nature and mostly gastrointestinal in origin. A significant reduction in levels of alkaline phosphatase (p less than 0.005) was noted during benoxaprofen therapy. PMID- 7044799 TI - A double-blind study comparing benoxaprofen, aspirin, and benoxaprofen plus aspirin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Ten patients with rheumatoid arthritis completed a study that consisted of 30-day treatment periods with aspirin, benoxaprofen, and benoxaprofen plus aspirin. There were two-week placebo washouts between each treatment. The patients were evaluated biweekly for 15 variables. Each variable was compared for each period; a pooled index was calculated on three combinations of variables. The benoxaprofen-plus-aspirin combination was significantly better than aspirin and better than benoxaprofen alone. This study indicates that combining nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which inhibit different sites of the inflammatory response (i.e., benoxaprofen, an inhibitor of the directional migration of monocytes, with aspirin, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis) may be advantageous in treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7044800 TI - Crossover comparison of benoxaprofen and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. AB - The safety and efficacy of benoxaprofen (300 or 600 mg) and indomethacin 75 to 150 mg) were compared in optimum dosage levels for 91 patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. These multicenter studies were conducted by eight investigators. Overall, the two drugs brought significant and similar improvements in both indications. Benoxaprofen responses were significantly better for several rheumatoid arthritis efficacy measurements, while indomethacin exhibited better responses in some osteoarthritis parameters. Adverse effects were similar for both drugs but fewer drug-related side effects were observed with benoxaprofen. Mild to moderate gastrointestinal complaints were reported with both drugs. In the rheumatoid arthritis study, onycholysis appeared in three patients taking indomethacin although two had received benoxaprofen as first therapy. Unfavorable trends in some laboratory values occurred in nearly twice as many patients on indomethacin. These results were obtained with once-daily benoxaprofen dosage compared to three-times-daily administration of indomethacin at total daily doses titrated to the individual patients. PMID- 7044801 TI - A comparison of benoxaprofen and sulindac in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. AB - The efficacy and safety of benoxaprofen and sulindac were compared in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. A double-blind, crossover protocol was used with three placebo periods. Fixed doses--600 mg of benoxaprofen once a day and 200 mg of sulindac twice a day--were used. Rheumatoid arthritis patients showed significant improvement in most measurements with both drugs, but overall results favored benoxaprofen, particularly in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and physician's global assessment. Results were fairly equal in osteoarthritis patients. Propoxyphene consumption was less during the benoxaprofen therapy period for both groups of patients. Adverse reactions in combined rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients generally were mild to moderate. Gastrointestinal complaints were more common with sulindac, while skin reactions were more common with benoxaprofen. No serious abnormalities in laboratory values were noted. PMID- 7044802 TI - Multicentre osteoarthritis trial. AB - A multicentre comparative crossover study of benoxaprofen in the treatment of osteoarthritis was undertaken by general practitioners in the United Kingdom. Rheumatologists from 20 centres helped to coordinate the trial and provided x-ray confirmation of the diagnosis. In predetermined random order, patients were assigned to treatment groups and given either benoxaprofen or one of the comparator drugs (diclofenac, indomethacin, flurbiprofen, or piroxicam) for the first four weeks. Results from the first 1403 completed cases revealed that patients preferred benoxaprofen over all the comparator drugs. PMID- 7044803 TI - A comparative study of benoxaprofen and ketoprofen in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Benoxaprofen, 600 mg once daily, was compared with ketoprofen, 100 mg twice daily, in a double-blind parallel study of 23 patients with definite active ankylosing spondylitis. Results were assessed using the following measurements: day pain, night pain, and spinal stiffness. Spinal stiffness was determined by means of standard clinical tests. Patient's evaluation and physician's overall assessment at the end of therapy also were taken into account. Under these conditions, the therapeutic response for benoxaprofen was good/very good, 8; fair, 2; and no response, 2. For ketoprofen, the response as good/very good, 5; fair 3; and no response 3. This study shows that benoxaprofen provides very good therapeutic effectiveness in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. This is confirmed by the absence of any statistically significant difference between the results observed with benoxaprofen and with ketoprofen, a drug known to be of value in ankylosing spondylitis. The clinical and biologic tolerance of benoxaprofen in this study was quite satisfactory. PMID- 7044804 TI - Long-term, double-blind randomized parallel group studies comparing fenbufen and indomethacin in patients with osteoarthritis. AB - A controlled trial was designed to compare both the long-term efficacy and the safety of fenbufen and indomethacin in patients with osteoarthritis. One hundred and ten patients of both sexes (aged 33 to 79 years) who had both subjective and objective (including radiological) evidence of osteoarthritis, and who met the minimal entry criteria, were enrolled into the studies. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either fenbufen capsules b.i.d. (600-1000 mg/day) or identical appearing indomethacin capsules b.i.d. (750-125 mg/day). Thirty-seven fenbufen and 26 indomethacin patients completed twelve months of treatment. Both fenbufen and indomethacin provided statistically nd clinically significant improvement at months 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12. There were no significant differences in improvement between the two treatment groups. Fenbufen-treated patients, however, reported fewer occurrences (4) of severe drug-related adverse experiences than indomethacin-treated patients (20). Significantly fewer headaches were reported with fenbufen and the number of patients terminating treatment because of adverse experiences was significantly greater with indomethacin. Fenbufen, in this patient population, provided a superior ratio of benefits to risk for the long term treatment of osteoarthritis.U PMID- 7044805 TI - Protective effects pf PGF2 alpha and PGE2 against immunological actions in long term preserved rat. PMID- 7044806 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of estrogen receptors in human mammary carcinoma using antibodies to the receptor protein. AB - An immunofluorescent method has been developed for localizing estrogen receptors (ER) in frozen sections of human breast cancer biopsies which utilizes the biochemically well-characterized antibodies to the cytoplasmic ER of human breast cancer produced in rabbits. Frozen sections of sixteen breast cancer biopsies, in which the receptor content has been quantified using dextran-coated charcoal assay (DCC technique), were used to study the localization of ER. Two aspects of ER detection, namely "estrogen-binding" and ability to react with the homologous antibodies, have been analyzed and the results compared with those of DCC technique. Fluorescent labelled estrogen method (F.E2) of Pertschuk was utilized to detect the distribution of estrogen binding proteins and the indirect immunofluorescent (IM-AR) method using anti-receptor antibodies to assess the antigenic sites of the receptor protein. In addition to the comparison of the results of three techniques, DCC, IM-AR and F.E2, for ER detection, a procedure for processing the frozen sections, which enables the study of estrogen binding characteristic as well as the antigenic reactivity of the receptor molecules, is described. PMID- 7044807 TI - Effects of glucagon on myoelectrical activity of the stomach of conscious and anesthetized dogs. AB - Effects of glucagon on gastric electrical and mechanical activities recorded by means of a chronically implanted suction electrode and a force strain gauge transducer were examined in conscious and anesthetized dogs. Glucagon (1-10 micrograms/kg) induced inhibition of gastric electrical activity together with mechanical activity in conscious dogs. The plasma glucagon level following exogenous glucagon administration which induced the inhibitory effects on electrical and mechanical activities was over 5 ng/ml. alpha- and beta adrenoceptor blocking agents did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of glucagon. Changes in plasma concentrations of glucose, cAMP, insulin, gastrin and catecholamines after glucagon administration were not correlated with the inhibitory action of glucagon on the gastric electrical and mechanical activities. Glucagon at higher concentrations (10(-6) -5 x 10(-6) g/ml) did not produce appreciable changes in motility of the canine gastric strips in vitro. In an anesthetized condition, the inhibitory action of glucagon was completely abolished. Results indicate that exogenously applied glucagon possibly acts directly on the central nervous system, and thus resulted in the inhibition of the gastric electrical and mechanical activities. PMID- 7044808 TI - Protein synthesis is not involved in initiation or amplification of the maturation-promoting factor (MPF) in starfish oocytes. PMID- 7044809 TI - Chironomus tentans epithelial cell lines sensitive to ecdysteroids, juvenile hormone, insulin and heat shock. PMID- 7044810 TI - Quick-freezing technique using a 'slamming' device for the study of corneal stromal morphology. PMID- 7044811 TI - Plasmodium berghei: isolation and maintenance of an irradiation attenuated strain in the nude mouse. PMID- 7044813 TI - Reactivation of yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase denaturated by saturated fatty acids. AB - Activity of yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, inactivated by treatment with saturated fatty acids, can be partially restored by incubation in a medium of suitable ionic composition. The effectiveness of ions in the reactivation process is inversely related to their 'chaotropic' properties. Time-dependence of reactivation extent suggests a 2-step mechanism of enzyme inactivation and the existence of an intermediate form that aggregates through a 2nd-order reaction, producing irreversibly inactive enzyme. PMID- 7044814 TI - Activity of sulfa drugs and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors against Candida albicans. AB - Growth of Candida albicans can be inhibited by sulfa drugs which prevent biosynthesis of folic acid. The dihydrofolate reductase (E.C. 1.5.1.3) inhibitors aminopterin and methotrexate also exhibit anticandidal activity, but trimethoprim does not. Kinetic evaluations with C. albicans dihydrofolate reductase indicate that methotrexate and aminopterin are tight-binding inhibitors whereas trimethoprim binds poorly. PMID- 7044812 TI - Techniques and applications of extracellular space determination in mammalian tissues. AB - This review summarizes the ways in which the extracellular space (ECS) may be estimated in mammalian tissues, and briefly describes some of the uses to which the EC confinement of certain molecules (markers or tracers) may be put in the elucidation of physiological functions. The introductory section is followed by a description of the more commonly used marker molecules and their functional characteristics, and of factors likely to lead to the spurious over- or under estimation of the ECS. Certain alternative methods are also described, in particular those based on morphological and electrical criteria which seek to demonstrate small, functionally important, changes in the size of specialized regions of the ECS (e.g. lateral cellular interspaces) without necessarily being required to provide a quantitatively precise estimate of their size. Section III describes the results of measurements of ECS in various mammalian tissues (muscle, gastro-intestinal tract, nervous tissue, crystalline lens, placenta, lung and kidney) and some applications of EC markers to investigation of cellular function (e.g. uptake of metabolic substrates and epithelial transport) and, in outline, characterization of capillary permeability. The available literature in this field is very extensive, and in the interests of brevity the reader is, where appropriate, referred to previous reviews covering specialized aspects of ECS determination and related topics. PMID- 7044815 TI - Intracerebroventricular angiotensin II increases arterial blood pressure in rhesus monkeys by stimulation of pituitary hormones and the sympathetic nervous system. AB - Intracerebroventricular injections of angiotensin II in anesthetized rhesus monkeys increase systemic blood pressure and heart rate. These effects are accompanied by an increase in plasma ADH, cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline. Angiotensin II may participate in central mechanisms of blood pressure regulation by its stimulatory effect on the sympathetic nervous system, on ADH and on ACTH release in primates. PMID- 7044816 TI - Immunopotentiators and the protection they give against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. PMID- 7044817 TI - Immunogenic potency of the zona pellucida. AB - New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with low doses of pig zona pellucida material with the aim of reducing nonspecific antibodies in the antiserum. The antibody levels were assayed by the standard precipitation and immunofluorescence methods. The titers produced were comparable with those obtained using large amounts of zona material. PMID- 7044818 TI - Histopathology and cell-mediated immune reactivity in halothane-associated lymphomagenesis and autoimmunity to BXSB/Mp and MRL/Mp mice. PMID- 7044819 TI - Tetrahedral copper-sulphur coordination in yeast Cu-thionein. An EXAFS study. PMID- 7044820 TI - An inducible outer membrane protein involved in aerobactin-mediated iron transport by co1V strains of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7044821 TI - Irreversible inhibition and peptide mapping of urinary plasminogen activator urokinase. PMID- 7044822 TI - Tetra-p-amidinophenoxy-propane as a probe of the specificity site of serine proteases. PMID- 7044823 TI - A calcium-dependent protease selectively degrading the 160 000 Mr component of neurofilaments is associated with the cytoskeletal preparation of the spinal cord and has an endogenous inhibitory factor. PMID- 7044824 TI - Purification of the sodium transport enzyme oxaloacetate decarboxylase by affinity chromatography on avidin sepharose. PMID- 7044825 TI - Study of the structure of HMM . Vanadate complex. PMID- 7044826 TI - Interrelations between prostaglandins and vasoconstrictor hormones: contribution to blood pressure regulation. AB - Angiotensin II and norepinephrine promote formation of prostaglandins (PG), e.g., PGE2 and PGI2, that are capable of counteracting the vasoconstrictor actions of these pressor hormones. During activation of the renin-angiotensin and/or the sympathetic nervous systems, the administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors causes vasoconstriction in renal and probably in extrarenal vasculatures, which suggests that antagonism of vasoconstrictor systems by prostaglandins is a feature of processes controlling arterial vascular tone. It follows, then, that endogenous prostaglandins may contribute to the regulation of blood pressure by opposing hormone-induced vasoconstriction. This implies that an uncompensated reduction in prostaglandin synthesis could cause blood pressure to rise. However, reports that prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors cause elevation of blood pressure conflict with reports that they do not. Obscuring the interpretation of such studies is the fact that inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis also lower plasma renin activity, which may offset any tendency of blood pressure to rise consequent to reduced synthesis of antihypertensive prostaglandins. Hence it is premature to draw any firm conclusion regarding the full extent of the contribution of prostaglandins to blood pressure control. Nonetheless, the reviewed evidence commands consideration of the antagonism of the action of vasoconstrictor hormones by one or more prostaglandins as a feature of antihypertensive mechanisms. PMID- 7044827 TI - Volume and vasoconstriction in experimental renovascular hypertension. AB - An analysis is presented of volume and vasoconstrictor factors in experimental renovascular hypertension. Volume expansion and increased cardiac output produced by renal retention of salt and water are not essential for chronic renovascular hypertension to develop. When volume expansion and increased cardiac output do occur, however, it appears that the increased cardiac output contributes directly to the hypertensive process without triggering myogenic alterations in peripheral resistance predicted by the whole-body autoregulation theory of hypertension. Activation of the renin-angiotensin vasoconstrictor mechanism is not essential for either the development or the maintenance of chronic one-kidney renovascular hypertension in either the dog or the rat. In experimental two-kidney renovascular hypertension, a clear species difference is apparent. In the two kidney hypertensive dog, the angiotensin pressor mechanism appears to play only a transient role lasting about 1 wk. In the two-kidney Goldblatt hypertensive rat, however, both the development and the maintenance of the hypertension are angiotensin-dependent, at least for a 4- to 6-wk period. When both the volume component and the renin-angiotensin vasoconstrictor component were deleted in one kidney rats by sodium depletion and chronic SQ 14225 administration, renal artery stenosis failed to produce chronic renovascular hypertension. It is concluded that the pathogenesis of chronic renovascular hypertension requires either volume expansion produced by renal salt and fluid retention or expression of the renin angiotensin vasoconstrictor mechanism. PMID- 7044828 TI - Transaminases. PMID- 7044829 TI - Microvascular and vascular smooth muscle actions of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetate. AB - Data are reviewed that suggest that the peripheral vasodilation and hypotension that often result from ingestion (or administration) of ethanol may, in large part, be a consequence of its direct actions on vascular smooth muscle cells, at both the macro- and microcirculatory levels. At lest two mechanisms appear to contribute to this vasodilator effect: 1) inhibition of the normal rhythm or vasomotion (spontaneous mechanical activity) of vascular smooth muscle; and 2) depression of the contractile responses to endogenous neurohumoral substances that play a role in maintaining vascular tone and regulation of blood flow. The information acquired so far suggests that these dilator actions are related causally to interference with movement and/or translocation of Ca2+ across the vascular membranes. Although acetaldehyde and acetate can evoke some actions on isolated blood vessels that somewhat resemble the actions of ethanol, in situ studies on the splanchnic microcirculation reveal that neither acetaldehyde nor acetate can mimic the dilator actions of ethanol on the microvessels. Evidence is also reviewed that indicates that certain concentrations of ethanol, acting on certain peripheral blood vessels (e.g., cerebral and coronary arteries), can induce direct contractile responses (dose-dependent) and potentiate certain hormones, the effects of which are dependent on free, ionized Ca2+ ions. Lastly, data are reviewed in experimental animals, maintained on liquid diets of ethanol, which may provide insights into why a high incidence of hypertensive vascular disease has been noted in alcoholics. PMID- 7044830 TI - Ethanol-induced injury and adaptation in biological membranes. AB - Ethanol intoxication, both acute and chronic, exerts profound effects on the protein and lipid constituents of biological membranes, which reflect damage and adaptation. Changes in mitochondrial structure are accompanied by specific decreases in components of the electron transport chain, an effect probably related to decreased mitochondrial protein synthesis. Ethanol in vitro reduces the transition temperatures of membrane-bound enzyme activities and decreases the order parameter, as measured by electron paramagnetic resonance. By contrast, both are increased after chronic ethanol administration, and membranes from rats chronically treated with ethanol are highly resistant to disordering by ethanol. This adaptation to the acute fluidizing effect of ethanol may be attributed to an increased saturation of mitochondrial phospholipids, particularly cardiolipin. The increased rigidity of mitochondrial and synaptosomal membranes leads to conspicuously reduced binding of ethanol and of the general anesthetic halothane in preparations from chronically treated animals, a finding that may explain tolerance to ethanol and cross-tolerance to anesthetics. Ethanol also affects the plasma membrane, as demonstrated by a decrease in amino acid transport by hepatocytes. Moreover, the addition of physiological concentrations of ethanol to nonlethal concentrations of membrane-active hepatotoxins produces necrosis of hepatocytes, apparently by augmenting the permeability of the plasma membrane to calcium. Inasmuch as the human liver es exposed to numerous membrane-active agents, e.g., viruses, products of intestinal bacteria, and xenobiotics, this finding may explain the sudden onset of hepatic necrosis in individuals who have abused alcohol for many years. The data suggest that initially ethanol increases the fluidity of all biological membranes. This effect, if continued chronically, is balanced by a change in the lipid composition of the membranes, which increases their rigidity and makes them resistant to disordering by ethanol (homeoviscous adaptation). The increased rigidity reduces the binding of ethanol and other compounds, but also impairs a variety of membrane-bound functions. The combination of ethanol and membrane-active toxins can lead to cell necrosis, a mechanism that may explain cell death not only in the liver, but also in organs that do not metabolize ethanol, such as the heart, pancreas, and brain. PMID- 7044831 TI - Biological control of lymphokine function. AB - Lymphokine-dependent reactions are subject to various kinds of biological control. These are most readily studied under conditions in which such reactions are suppressed by systemic administration of a relatively large dose of antigen. This effect is known as desensitization of delayed-type hypersensitivity and mimics the state of clinical anergy seen in various granulomatous and lymphoproliferative diseases. Experiments on this type of immune unresponsiveness have revealed that the suppression is due to several lymphokine-dependent mechanisms. Thus, a large amount of circulating lymphokines generated and released at the initial stage of desensitization may be responsible for the general suppression of hypersensitivity reactions through both the loss of mediator gradients from one tissue to another and the preemption of effector cells. In a subsequent step, monocytes and/or macrophages activated by these lymphokines release arachidonic acid metabolites including prostaglandin (PG) E1 and PGE2, which inhibit both the production and the activities of lymphokines. Lymphokines are also suggested as being capable of directly inducing suppressor cells for lymphokine production, thus exerting a feedback inhibition. These lymphokine-dependent multiple suppression mechanisms are important for regulatory processes in cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 7044832 TI - Dehydration-induced drinking in humans. AB - Mechanisms of drinking have been studied extensively in laboratory mammals, but comparatively little information is available on human consumption of fluids. The assumption that osmotic disequilibrium between extra- and intracellular fluid can be rectified within seconds may not be true for plasma and red blood cell (RBC) fluid in humans inasmuch as stress-induced hyperosmotemia to +13 mosmol/kg does not cause a significant change in mean RBC corpuscular volume. Unlike some mammals, humans have a delay in rehydration (involuntary dehydration) after fluid loss. Two factors unique to humans that probably contribute to involuntary dehydration are 1) upright posture and 2) extracellular fluid and electrolyte loss by sweating from exercise and heat exposure. If drinking is influenced by upright postural changes, it may be related to increased plasma renin activity (PRA) but not to increases in plasma osmolality or arginine vasopressin concentration. Under combined stresses of heat, exercise, and prior dehydration, exercise is the greatest inhibiting factor and heat exposure has the least inhibitory effect on voluntary water intake. The rate of drinking during exercise in heat has a high correlation with sweat rate but is essentially unrelated to the well-established dipsogenic factors of plasma volume, osmolality, and PRA. However, it is likely that some or all of these dipsogenic factors act to initiate drinking in humans. PMID- 7044833 TI - Hormonal effects on partitioning of nutrients for tissue growth: role of insulin. AB - Understanding factors that potentially regulate pathways of nutrient utilization is essential to the development of means of manipulating tissue growth to optimize the type and quality of product produced. Insulin is one hormone that has pronounced effects on carbohydrate and protein metabolism. Relative to most monogastric animals, ruminants absorb little glucose directly from the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, it might be expected that insulin would have a less important role in regulating glucose and carbohydrate metabolism in the ruminant animal. Effects of insulin on lipogenesis and lipolysis both in vitro and in vivo in the ruminant appear to be small. Insulin may promote lipid deposition by increasing adipocyte membrane permeability to glucose with subsequent metabolism to alpha-glycerolphosphoric acid and thereby stimulating fatty acid esterification. Insulin also stimulates adipose lipoprotein lipase, which would increase the supply of fatty acids for esterification in adipose tissue. Insulin appears to indirectly alter hepatic glucose production by decreasing the release of gluconeogenic precursors from peripheral tissues. The known effects of insulin on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism have tended to direct attention away from protein metabolism, a process on which insulin may have a more significant role in the ruminant. Insulin or insulin and glucose have marked effects on regulating plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids, presumably by promoting their uptake or by decreasing their catabolism by muscle tissue. More information is needed to fully understand the role of insulin in regulating muscle protein metabolism. PMID- 7044835 TI - Are the redox properties of tetrahydrofolate cofactors utilized in folate dependent reactions? AB - Tetrahydrofolate (H4folate) derivatives are chemically analogous to tetrahydropterins and dihydroflavins, and like these compounds can be oxidized readily. The roles of pterin and flavin cofactors in biological oxidoreductions are well documented. However, with the exception of the reaction catalyzed by thymidylate synthase, explicit oxidoreductions of the H4folate cofactor do not occur in enzyme-catalyzed folate-dependent reactions. We have been studying methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase from pig liver. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible conversion of the exocyclic N5,N10-methylene substituent to an N5 methyl group. Our studies suggest that the detailed mechanism of this reduction of an exocyclic group involves the oxidoreduction of the tetrahydropterin ring system in a manner that is not apparent from the overall reaction stoichiometry. We suggest that such latent oxidoreductions of H4folate cofactors may also occur in other H4folate-dependent reactions, such as the reaction catalyzed by methionine synthase. PMID- 7044836 TI - [Outstanding Soviet surgeon M. N. Akhutin]. PMID- 7044834 TI - Relationships among growth, adipose cell size, and lipid metabolism in ruminant adipose tissue. AB - In early postnatal development, growth of adipose tissue is due to both cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Adipose cell (adipocyte) hypertrophy is the major mechanism in fattening of ruminants grown to market weight, although evidence is accumulating that preadipose cells can proliferate postnatally, even in mature animals. In interfasicular adipose tissue (marbling), however, small adipose cells are present and their number makes a positive contribution to the size of this fat depot in ruminants of market weight. Present information does not indicate whether these small cells are newly synthesized cells or are cells that differentiated early in postnatal development and fill with lipid at some later time. Limitations on detecting small adipose cells in cell-counting techniques are partly responsible for conflicting conclusions on the cellular basis for adiposity. Nutritional modification of adipose cell number has been reported in rodents. However, the extreme nutritional modifications required to alter cell number have little practical application in the growth of ruminants for meat production. Adipose cells of various sizes respond differently in the esterification and synthesis of fatty acids. The greater rates of lipid synthesis from acetate in large adipose cells may be related to increased uptake of substrate in cells with a large surface area. PMID- 7044837 TI - [The journal Fogorvosi Szemle is 75 years old]. PMID- 7044838 TI - [The use of samarium-cobalt magnets in prosthodontics]. PMID- 7044839 TI - [Derivatographic analysis of hard dental tissues from experimental animals treated with molybdenum and fluoride]. PMID- 7044840 TI - [Functional relations between digestive and excretory systems]. PMID- 7044841 TI - [Cellular mechanisms of trophic processes in gastric mucosa]. PMID- 7044842 TI - [A case with Bartter's syndrome associated with type II hyperlipidemia, increased fluidity of plasma VLDL and abnormal configuration of peripheral erythrocytes (author's transl)]. AB - A 34-year-old female complaining of numbness and weakness of the extremities was examined. Consanguineous marriage was contracted between mother and father. She was of short stature (149 cm), and her blood pressure was normal (118/60 mmHg). Her serum potassium concentration had decreased to a level between 2.5 and 3.2 mEq/L, and hypokalemic alkalosis was present. Potassium clearance had increased and urinary concentrating capacity was impaired. Plasma renin activity was high at 25 ng/ml/hr but plasma aldosterone concentration was normal. Hypertensive response to angiotensin II (50 ng/kg/min) was weak but improved to nearly the normal value after the administration of indomethacin for 17 days at a dose of 50 mg/day. A slight elevation in blood pressure was observed during the infusion of norepinephrine (250 ng/kg/min). A decrease in blood pressure was observed during the infusion of 1-sarcosine, 8-isoleucine angiotensin II (600 ng/kg/min) with concomitant increase of plasma renin activity. Twenty-four hour urinary excretion of prostaglandin E decreased somewhat (225 approximately 252 ng/day), and hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular cells and increased JG index were demonstrated in the biopsy specimens of the right kidney. From the findings, the present case were diagnosed as Bartter's syndrome. Although mild enlargement of the sella turcica was found in skull x-ray films, no abnormalities in pituitary function were demonstrated. Other unusual complications, i.e. hyperlipidemia (type II, beta-dominant) and abnormal configuration of peripheral erythrocytes, were demonstrated. Phospholipid composition of the erythrocyte membrane was normal. The fluidity of plasma VLDL examined by electron spin resonance was increased. Hypokalemia and hyperreninemia were improved through the administration of indomethacin. However, because of headache as an adverse effect, further administration could not be accepted. The patient's complaints were resolved by the rectal application of indomethacin with oral administrations of spironolactone and triamterene. Changes in serum lipid levels did not occur with the above mentioned treatment. alpha-tocopheryl nicotinate lowered the levels of serum lipids and normalized the configuration of peripheral erythrocytes. But increased fluidity of plasma VLDL remained, and phospholipid composition of erythrocyte membrane was also unchanged. The relationship between the rare complications mentioned above and the pathophysiology of Bartter's syndrome is still obscure. PMID- 7044843 TI - [Recent progress in studies on thyroid hormone metabolism and action (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044844 TI - [The effect of calcium on the release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) - with reference to the release of GIP in patients with hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), insulin, glucagon concentrations and blood glucose levels in response to the ingestion of 100 g glucose were measured in 5 patients with hyperparathyroidism in order to elucidate the effect of hypercalcemia on the release of these hormones. In addition, the effect of acute hypercalcemia on the release of these hormones in response to glucose ingestion was investigated in normal subjects. Fasting plasma GIP concentration in patients with hyperparathyroidism was significantly greater than the value in seventeen normal subjects. Significantly higher responses of plasma GIP and insulin were observed after the glucose ingestion in the patients with hyperparathyroidism as compared with the values in the normal subjects, and integrated GIP and insulin responses to the glucose ingestion for 120 min in the patients with hyperparathyroidism were significantly greater than the values in the normal subjects. On the other hand, plasma glucagon concentration after the glucose ingestion in the patients with hyperparathyroidism remained unchanged, although plasma glucagon concentrations after the glucose ingestion decreased significantly from the basal value in the normal subjects. Blood glucose levels after the glucose ingestion in two groups increased significantly from the basal value in the same manner. In nine normal subjects calcium infusion (4 mg/kg bolus injection followed by continuous infusion of 4 mg/kg/hr for 3 hr) caused a significantly high concentration of plasma calcium (11.5 approximately 13.0 mg/dl) from the basal value. Significantly higher responses of plasma GIP and insulin to the glucose ingestion were observed during calcium infusion as compared with the values during saline infusion. On the other hand, plasma glucagon concentration after the glucose ingestion was not significantly changed during calcium infusion in contrast with a significant decrease of plasma glucagon after the glucose ingestion during saline infusion. Consequently, calcium was considered to play a major part in the release of GIP and insulin. The characteristic response of plasma glucagon during calcium infusion was considered, at least in part, to protect the hypoglycemia caused by hyperinsulinemia. PMID- 7044845 TI - John Janvier Black (1837-1909): an ornament to his profession. PMID- 7044846 TI - [Contact dermatitis in German Democratic Republic and Poland - a comparison. II (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044847 TI - [Melanocyte antibodies in idiopathic vitiligo (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044848 TI - [Tattoos as a surgico-dermatological problem (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044849 TI - [Unspecific immunological investigations in patients with malignant melanoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044850 TI - [Survival and subcultivation of Treponema pallidum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044851 TI - Intercellular immune complexes in a case of bullous pemphigoid. Detection by a new immunoelectron-microscopic protein a-peroxidase technique. PMID- 7044852 TI - Weber-Christian panniculitis with immunological abnormalities. PMID- 7044853 TI - On the resident aerobic bacterial skin flora in unaffected skin of patients with atopic dermatitis and in healthy controls. AB - In 14 patients with atopic dermatitis the superficial bacteria from unaffected skin were extracted with the scrub method, aerobically cultured, and analysis qualitatively and quantitatively. For comparison, 12 healthy subjects served as control group. Staphylococcus aureus, as well as coagulase-negative staphylococci were significantly increased in patients with atopic dermatitis. It is assumed that special characteristics of the horny layer in atopic dermatitis favor the growth of aerobic bacteria. The qualitative biotyping and phage typing gave no support to the claim that special bacteria dominate the microbial flora of the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. PMID- 7044854 TI - Nylon sutures for wound closure in cataract operation. AB - In this series of patients the use of nylon sutures in wound closure produced wounds which were watertight, secure but astigmatic. The complications which occurred from premature suture absorption were averted and suture removal was not necessary. Less postoperative astigmatism was produced with postplaced running sutures than with interrupted ones and suture knot erosion was avoided by turning suture knots into suture tracks. PMID- 7044855 TI - Keratoplasty in babies with sclerocornea. To do or not to do? Report of an unsuccessful case. PMID- 7044856 TI - Jacob Rueff. PMID- 7044857 TI - Phosphorylation coupled to nitrate respiration. PMID- 7044858 TI - Neutral proteinases from human blood cells. AB - 1. Human erythrocytes essentially essentially uncontaminated by leukocytes retain considerable proteolytic activity in the membrane fraction. 2. The enzyme responsible has similar properties to previously-reported human erythrocyte membrane proteinases. 3. A particulate fraction from human leukocytes does not yield a similar enzyme when extracted and fractionated in the same way. PMID- 7044859 TI - Effect of pancreozymin and secretin on intraluminal enterokinase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin activities of cystic fibrosis and control children. AB - Duodenal fluids from control and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients were assayed for enterokinase (EK), trypsin and chymotrypsin activities. CF patients as a group were found to have higher basal EK activity in spite of low trypsin and chymotrypsin activities. In control patients, pancreozymin (CCK) injection led to increases in specific activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin and a decrease in EK but did not change the total EK activities. Secretin administration led to decreases in specific activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin compared to post-CCK levels. The total EK activities were greatly increased following secretin administration. Thus, secretin may have direct influence on the release of EK into the duodenum. CCK and secretin have no effect on the specific activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin and EK in CF patients. EK release in CF patients is either constitutive and therefore not affected by CCK and secretin or it has been fully induced by the low trypsin content and becomes unresponsive to further hormonal stimulation. PMID- 7044860 TI - [The heart and alcohol. Doubts and certainties]. PMID- 7044861 TI - [The Brisighella study. I. Non-metabolic risk factors]. AB - The Brisighella Study, an epidemiological observational investigation on coronary heart disease risk factors was performed in a little Emilia-Romagna town with agricultural background. At entry, in 1972, 1,491 males and 1,448 females were enrolled from the residents of the inner part of the town. The participation response was very high (93%). In this paper the smoking habits and physical activity are reported. The prevalence of smoking habits was 51.8% in males, quiet different from the female group (24.5%). Heavy smokers were more frequently observed in young people, than in the oldest female groups. The physical activity mean levels were very low both in males and in females and the prevalence of heavy physical activity during leisure time was very low, especially in the woman. PMID- 7044862 TI - [The Brisighella study. II. Metabolic risk factors]. AB - The Epidemiological Study of Brisighella, a rural little town of Emilia-Romagna, started in 1972. At entry 1448 females and 1491 males, aged 14-84 years, were examined. In this paper the mean values of Total Serum Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TC), Serum Uric Acid (SUA) and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) for age classes and sex, were described. This values were for all males, of 222.6 mg/dl (TC), 153.0 mg/dl (TG), 53.5 mg/dl (SUA) and 85.0 mg/dl (FBS). In the females the mean TC values were higher than in the males (226.2 mg/dl); the mean values of other parameters were lower: 129.1 mg/dl (TG), 83.3 mg/dl (FBS) and 47.0 mg/l (SUA). PMID- 7044863 TI - [The Brisighella study. III. Hypertension as a risk factor (author's transl)]. AB - The Brisighella Study was performed in a little Emilia-Romagna town with agricultural background to observe coronary heart disease risk factors in this population. At entry, 1972, 1491 males and 1448 females were controlled from the residents of the inner part of the town. The participation response was very high (93%). In this study the hypertension evaluation as risk factor is reported. Measurement of blood pressure has been made in according to W.H.O. criteria. Blood pressure mean values, hypertension prevalence, borderline blood pressure prevalence and hypertension control level have been recorded. The male subjects with hypertension were 33.53%, while female subjects were 33.77%. Borderline blood pressure was higher in males than in females (32.0% vs. 25.7%). Hypertension control level in the examined sample was quite low, however, it appears higher than other reported in similar studies. PMID- 7044864 TI - Therapeutic evaluation of pindolol and verapamil in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7044865 TI - [Radioisotopes in cardiology (review)]. PMID- 7044866 TI - [Spontaneous chylopericardium. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - The AA report an isolated case of chylopericardium in an 11 years old female as anomalous communication between the thoracic duct and pericardium. The origin of this clinically asymptomatic effusion was observed after lynphography, where, two months later a simple surgical drainage was applied without success. A positive result was obtained by a new surgical procedure which consisted of a pleuro pericardial window. The AA. emphisise on a very rare case of spontaneous pericardial effusion not accompanied by lynphatic stasis in other districts (only 32 observations in Literature). An accurate lynphographic study is obligatory once the nature of the liquid has been accertained in order to avoid a certain recurrence when a simple drainage is applied. PMID- 7044867 TI - [Effect of tobacco on the immune system. I. Production of the cell migration inhibition factor in the presence of tobacco extract as an antigen in smokers and non-smokers]. PMID- 7044868 TI - [New orientations in medicine: cellular receptors in therapeutics. I. Introduction]. PMID- 7044869 TI - [International system of units in medical practice. I. Measurement, quantities and units]. PMID- 7044870 TI - [Orthopedic surgery in giant cell tumor of bone]. PMID- 7044871 TI - [Valentin Gomez Farias. Aristocrat, precursor, physician and politician]. PMID- 7044872 TI - [Experimental colorectal carcinogenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044873 TI - Esophageal involvement in pemphigoid: clinical and roentgen manifestations. PMID- 7044874 TI - Radiology of the human segmental pancreatic transplant. PMID- 7044875 TI - Morton I. Grossman, M.D., Ph.D.: an oral history. PMID- 7044876 TI - Morton I. Grossman, the man. PMID- 7044877 TI - Morton I. Grossman, his work. PMID- 7044878 TI - Morton I. Grossman. PMID- 7044879 TI - Our new president--John T. Farrar. PMID- 7044880 TI - Effect of 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 (arbaprostil) on the healing of duodenal ulcer: a double-blind multicenter study. AB - A multicenter study was conducted on 173 patients with active, endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers (158 men, 15 women). They were randomly assigned, in a double-blind manner, to two groups: those receiving placebo capsules (91 patients) and those receiving capsules containing 100 microgram of 15(R)-15 methyl prostaglandin E2 (arbaprostil) (82 patients). Each drug was ingested four times a day (1 h before meals and at bedtime) for 28 days. Endoscopy was performed on days 0, 14, and 28 after the trial began. At each examination, the ulcer size was measured and whether the ulcer had healed was recorded. Arbaprostil increased the incidence of ulcer healing to approximately the same degree as reported in most extensive studies with cimetidine. At 14 days, three times as many patients were totally healed in the arbaprostil-treated as in the placebo-treated group (37% vs. 12%, p less than 0.001). At 28 days, 67% of patients receiving arbaprostil were healed compared with 39% in the group receiving placebo (p less than 0.001). Similarly, the ulcer size, measured endoscopically, was much smaller after arbaprostil administration than in the group receiving placebo after both 14 and 28 days (p less than 0.001). Side effects attributable to treatment consisted primarily of loose stools and diarrhea (34%). Smoking retarded healing in the placebo-treated group (p less than 0.05), but did not significantly retard healing in patients treated with arbaprostil. We conclude that arbaprostil markedly accelerates the healing rate of active duodenal ulcers. This effect may be due to inhibition of acid secretion as well as gastric cytoprotection. PMID- 7044881 TI - Controlled trial of YAG laser treatment of upper digestive hemorrhage. AB - A trial of neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser treatment was conducted in 152 patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Laser photocoagulation was applied in 0.5- to 1-s pulses of 55-80 W power. A first part of the trial studying patients with arterial bleeding was uncontrolled. Spurting arterial bleedings could be stopped in 87% of the 23 patients with acute arterial hemorrhage. The recurrence rate after endoscopic treatment of this type of bleeding was high (55%). The operation rate of 61% was, however, lower than the operative indications amounting to 95% in patients with arterial spurters admitted previously to our department. One hundred twenty-nine patients were included in a controlled randomized trial of laser photocoagulation. In 86 patients with active, nonspurting bleeding, the laser was significantly better (p less than 0.001) at stopping the bleeding than conservative treatment in randomized controls, and there was a numerical although not significant reduction of the rate of bleeding recurrence and the necessity for surgery (both p less than 0.1). In 43 patients with fresh stigmata of bleeding (i.e., fresh clot or visible vessel) laser treatment resulted in a numerical reduction in the rate of rebleeding and in the operative indications, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. The mortality rates were not influenced in any of the groups. PMID- 7044882 TI - A clinicopathologic study of enterocyte-adherent Escherichia coli: a cause of protracted diarrhea in infants. AB - Fifteen infants (age 3-28 wk) suffered from severe diarrhea with acute dehydration and poor growth. Persistent watery stools and suboptimal nutrition necessitated central venous alimentation with prolonged hospitalization. Repeated stool and small intestinal fluid cultures yielded the classical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli serotype 0119:B14. In all patients, biopsy of the jejunum or rectal mucosa, or both, showed moderate to severe damage, irregular atrophy of surface epithelium, and subnuclear vacuolization of crypt epithelium. Ultrastructural studies revealed bacteria adherent to mucosal cells with flattening of microvilli, loss of the cellular terminal web, and cupping of the plasma membrane around individual bacteria. Heavily colonized cells had marked intracellular damage. Assays for heat-labile, heat-stable, and vero cell toxins were negative for these Escherichia coli isolates. Oral neomycin and nutritional support resulted in clearing of Escherichia coli 0119:B14 from stool and small bowel with improvement in histologic characteristics. Damage to enterocytes and villi by adherent nontoxigenic Escherichia coli 0119:B14 results in protracted diarrhea in infants. PMID- 7044883 TI - Laser therapy for bleeding peptic ulcer--a burning issue? PMID- 7044884 TI - Enterocyte adherence of Escherichia coli: its relation to diarrheal disease. PMID- 7044885 TI - [Immunofluorescent studies of the microtubular system in slime moulds]. AB - Using indirect immunofluorescence the microtubule system of slime molds has been investigated with antitubulin- and anti-MAP-antibodies. An extended cytoplasmic microtubule (MT) network with nucleus associated organells as centres can be visualized. The spindle apparatus with some astral fibres, the central spindle and the spindle pole bodies is stained in mitotic cells. In slime molds like in higher eucaryots MTs are sensitive against cold and MT-poison treatment, the MTs are composed of tubulin and MAP's, and tubulin is cross reactive with pig brain tubulin. PMID- 7044886 TI - Amino acids as in vitro secretogogues of avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP) and insulin from the chicken pancreas. PMID- 7044887 TI - Hypocalcemic effect of homologous angiotensin-like substances produced by the renin-like enzyme in the corpuscles of Stannius in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. PMID- 7044888 TI - Identification of target cells for estrogen in the pars distalis of the armadillo by immunocytochemistry. PMID- 7044889 TI - [Lysogenic conversion induced by phages phi 80. I. A description of the phenomenon and the cloning of the conversion gene]. AB - Escherichia coli cells lysogenic for coliphage phi 80 stop adsorbing the superinfecting phi 80 phage after having been kept under anaerobic conditions for a long time, which conferred on these cells the TonA phenotype. To determine the location of the gene for lysogenic conversion (cor), BamHI fragments of phi 80 DNA were cloned in pBR322 plasmid. The cells transformed with the recombinant plasmid pDK01 = pBR322 + phi 80 BamHI fragment 1 immediately acquire the TonA phenotype. So, the cor gene(s) is contained in the central phi 80 BamHI fragment (fragment 1) which includes gene 13, the b2 region and the att site. PMID- 7044890 TI - Molecular cloning of cDNA sequences coding for the major (beta-, gamma-, delta- and epsilon-) heat-shock polypeptides of HeLa cells. AB - The method of differential in situ colony hybridisation and the technique of two dimensional gel electrophoresis of polypeptides synthesized in vitro by mRNAs that hybridise specifically to recombinant plasmids bound to filter discs, have been used to isolate two cDNA HeLa heat-shock clones. Each of these two clones contains the plasmid pBR322 with a cDNA fragment of about 0.3 kb inserted into the PstI site. The two fragments hae different restriction maps. Whilst one of the recombinant plasmids, pHS2, contains a cDNA sequence that hybridises to mRNA coding for the HeLa heat-shock gamma-polypeptide, the other, pHS6, cross hybridises with mRNAs that code for the HeLa heat-shock beta-, delta- and epsilon polypeptides. PMID- 7044891 TI - Construction and characterization of a novel two-plasmid system for accomplishing temperature-regulated, amplified expression of cloned adventitious genes in Escherichia coli. AB - We describe a two-plasmid system that utilizes the lacZ gene promoter and temperature-responsive plasmid replicons to accomplish closely regulated high level expression of heterologous genes in Escherichia coli. One of the plasmids fails to replicate at 42 degrees C and contains a gene encoding the lac repressor; the second plasmid, which undergoes multicopy "runaway" replication at elevated temperatures, contains an adventitious gene under control of the operator-promoter system of the lacZ gene. Concurrent derepression of lac promoter function and amplification of copy number of the lac-controlled gene occurs when the temperature is elevated. We have used a structural gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase to demonstrate that the gene product under control of the lacZ promoter represents a major fraction of the total protein synthesized at 43 degrees C, whereas only minimal quantities of this enzyme are made at 30 degrees C. The system described allows the controlled expression of gene products that may have detrimental effects on cell growth, and provides a simple method for identifying radioactivity-labeled protein products of cloned genes in bacterial whole-cell extracts. The system also offers an alternative to intragenic temperature-sensitive mutations for studying the function of various enzymatic or regulatory proteins. PMID- 7044892 TI - Structure around the 3' terminus of the 26S ribosomal RNA gene of Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 7044893 TI - Isolation and characterization of the hisG and hisD genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae. PMID- 7044894 TI - Cloning of the HIS5 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by yeast transformation. AB - A yeast DNA fragment complementing a yeast his5 mutation was cloned on a shuttle vector, YRp7, by transformation of the yeast host with plasmid DNA prepared from a gene bank constructed in the Escherichia coli host. That the DNA fragment contains the yeast HIS5 gene was confirmed by the integration of the cloned plasmid into the his5 region of the yeast chromosome. The cloned yeast HIS5 gene weakly complemented the E. coli hisC mutation and gave rise to a slow-growing E. coli transformant without addition of histidine. From the slow-growing culture, rapidly growing variants of E. coli were easily obtained by mutations either in the bacterial chromosome or in the plasmid. PMID- 7044895 TI - Expression in Escherichia coli of a chemically synthesized gene for a "mini-C" analog of human proinsulin. AB - A gene has been constructed which codes for an analog of human proinsulin in which the normal 35-amino acid connecting peptide is replaced by a "mini-C" peptide of six amino acids (Arg-Arg-Gly-Ser-Lys-Arg). The gene, composed of oligonucleotide fragments synthesized by the triester method, was cloned and expressed as a beta-galactosidase hybrid protein. The proinsulin analog was separated from beta-galactosidase by cyanogen bromide cleavage and purified. Controlled disulfide exchange in the S-sulfonate of the analog generated a molecule having high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) behavior consistent with a proinsulin-like structure. PMID- 7044896 TI - Secretion into the bacterial periplasmic space of chicken ovalbumin synthesized in Escherichia coli. AB - Ovalbumin is secreted by the tubular gland cells without cleavage of a signal sequence at the N-terminus. In Escherichia coli strains which produce a chicken ovalbumin-like protein (OLP) from a plasmid-cloned gene, the OLP is synthesized on membrane-bound polysomes and secreted without cleavage into the periplasmic space. In contrast, a deleted protein, which lacks 126 amino acids in the N terminal half, is not secreted and is synthesized from free polysomes. Our results are compatible with the presence, in the N-terminal half of the molecule, of a signal sequence necessary for the transport across the membrane. PMID- 7044897 TI - Molecular cloning of double-stranded cDNA from the eye lens of the frog Rana temporaria: construction of the cDNA clonotheque and identification of a clone containing the nucleotide sequences of the lambda-crystallin gene. AB - Poly(A)+ RNA from the lens of the frog Rana temporaria contains three components (1200 +/- 50, 1000 +/- 50, and 900 +/- 50 bp in size) and a more heterogeneous RNA species with a length of 650-750 nucleotides. This RNA was used as a template for the AMV reverse transcriptase and Escherichia coli DNA-polymerase I and the total cDNA obtained was cloned in the PstI site of the pBR322 plasmid vector. Recombinant plasmids corresponding to abundant poly(A)+ RNA classes contain cDNA inserts from less than or equal to 200 to 1200 nucleotides in length. Part of the library (clonotheque) was divided into classes differing in the presence of absence of the restriction sites for BamHI, EcoRI and HindIII restriction endonucleases. The clones belonging to each of the five classes were characterized by the hybridization-translation test. The translation product of mRNA hybridizing with the clone pRT(1)294 has an M4 of about 22 000 and is specifically precipitated by the antiserum to lambda-crystallins of Rana temporaria. The size of the cDNA present in pRT(1)294, equal to 580 +/- 20 bp, is sufficient for coding the greater part of the lambda-crystallin amino acid sequence. On the basis of these data, we conclude that the clone pRT(1)294 codes for one of the frog lambda-crystallins. PMID- 7044898 TI - Molecular cloning of a Cellulomonas fimi cellulose gene in Escherichia coli. AB - A sensitive and simple immunoassay was developed to screen Escherichia coli transformed with recombinant DNA plasmids carrying a cellulase gene. The assay was used to identify a recombinant DNA plasmid carrying at least one cellulase gene from Cellulomonas fimi. The enzyme present in extracts of E. coli carrying the plasmid was active in catalysing the hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose as indicated by the production of reducing sugars. PMID- 7044899 TI - The use of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides to produce specific deletions in the araBAD promoter of Escherichia coli B/r. AB - Two oligodeoxyribonucleotides were chemically synthesized and used to specifically mutate the regulatory region of the araBAD operon in Escherichia coli B/r. One oligodeoxyribonucleotide introduced a 3-bp deletion in the araC activator binding site, the other a 3-bp deletion in the CRP-cAMP binding site. The mutations were introduced onto an ara insert cloned in an M13 vector using the synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides as primers and the (+) strand of an M13 mp2::ara hybrid phage as a template in an in vitro polymerization reaction. Hybridizations using the original synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide as a radioactive probe identified phage containing the desired deletion. The mutant ara inserts were subcloned into a stable plasmid for functional analysis. Transcription studies performed on strains containing the mutant ara plasmids demonstrated that both mutations reduced the amount of araBA mRNA synthesized in the presence of L-arabinose. PMID- 7044900 TI - Comparative studies of the effect of DNA superhelicity on in vitro transcription catalyzed by Escherichia coli S100 proteins and purified RNA polymerase. AB - The effect of DNA superhelicity on in vitro transcription catalyzed by purified Escherichia coli RNA polymerase or S100 crude extract proteins was examined at various KCl concentrations. DNA from a recombinant plasmid pMT48 harboring the pL promotor-controlled fused N-trp genes and the pR promotor-controlled tof (cro) gene was employed as a template. Stimulation of transcription by superhelicity is generally more pronounced with the S100 crude extract proteins than with pure RNA polymerase. At KCl concentrations lower than 100 mM with pure RNA polymerase, there is no significant difference in the template activity between the supercoiled and relaxed forms of pMT48 DNA. In contrast, the dependence of efficient template activity on superhelicity is great over a whole range of KCl concentrations from 1.7 to 400 mM in the system using the S100 crude extract. The relative insensitivity of the pR promotor to superhelicity can be observed in either transcription assay system. Analysis of the kinetics of pL-promoted synthesis of trp mRNA indicates that diminished transcription in vitro on a relaxed template results mainly from less frequent RNA chain initiations, but at least in part from premature arrest of the chain elongation. PMID- 7044901 TI - The complete nucleotide sequence of 16S ribosomal RNA gene from tobacco chloroplasts. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of 16S ribosomal RNA gene from tobacco chloroplasts has been determined. This nucleotide sequence has 96% homology with that of maize chloroplast 16S rRNA gene and 74% homology with that of Escherichia coli 16S gene. The 3' terminal region of this gene contains the sequence ACCTCC which is complementary to sequences found at the 5' termini of prokaryotic mRNAs. The large stem and loop structure can be constructed from the sequences surrounding the 5' and 3' ends of the 16S gene. These observation demonstrate the prokaryotic nature of chloroplast 16S rRNA. PMID- 7044902 TI - Biotransformation of drugs during aging. AB - Wherever the age of an individual can, of course, be precisely indicated, the individual physiological state of every aged person varies greatly and therefore the resultant implications considering absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. In animals aging has been described as a factor of modification of metabolism. In the elderly the oxidative enzyme activity appears diminished but coupled to a decreased liver mass and liver blood flow. Examples of decreased conjugation for paracetamol and indomethacin are known. Acetylation does not seem to be influenced. The net effect of aging appears quite frequently an increase in the blood level of unchanged drug. However, drug metabolism cannot be considered independently from the other factors calling for an individualized treatment of the elderly. PMID- 7044903 TI - Parkinson's disease as a model for changes in dopamine receptor dynamics with aging. AB - Parkinson's disease ranks among the most prevalent neurological diseases in the elderly. The disease usually begins after the age of 50 years, and the risk of the disease rises steeply with advancing age. The primary etiology of Parkinson's disease is still unknown, although the aging process may be an important predisposing factor. There is some overlapping between Parkinson's disease and senile dementia of Alzheimer's type, although both seem to be disease entities. In Parkinson's disease, the most prominent and significant neuropathological change is the progressive loss of substantia nigra dopamine neurons. Studied of striatal dopamine receptors showed that the specific binding of 3H-spiroperidol was either significantly increased or reduced in the caudate nucleus and putamen of parkinsonian patients without levodopa therapy. Scatchard analysis showed that there were corresponding changes in the number of receptors, but no significant changes in the mean dissociation constant. Increased binding of 3H-spiroperidol in the basal ganglia was also found in parkinsonian patients suffering from psychotic episodes and treated with neuroleptic drugs. Normal and low binding of 3H-spiroperidol was found in patients treated with levodopa. The behavior of dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens was similar to that of dopamine receptors in the striatum. Clinically, the patients with low binding of 3H spiroperidol in the striatum were more disabled and had lost the beneficial response to levodopa. Thus in some patients with Parkinson's disease a denervation supersensitivity seemed to develop and in others a loss of postsynaptic dopamine receptor sites in the neostriatum. The latter alteration may contribute to the decreased response of parkinsonian patients to long-term levodopa therapy. However, in patients with a deteriorating response to levodopa, there seem to be still enough dopamine receptors in the striatum for drugs stimulating the dopamine receptors to alleviate directly the parkinsonian disability. Indeed, dopaminergic agonists seem to be a significant and valuable adjuvant therapy to levodopa for parkinsonian patients with a deteriorating response and/or on-off phenomena. PMID- 7044904 TI - Aspects of sleep, daytime vigilance, mental performance and psychotropic drug treatment in the elderly. AB - As people grow older, their subjective and objective sleep patterns change: sleep is often experienced as less deep, more broken, less refreshing - and these alterations find their objective correlate in polygraphic sleep recordings. Reductions in high amplitude slow wave sleep, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and sleep maintenance are the best documented of these. Besides, there are changes in the EEG pattern during sleep (fewer and slower sleep spindels, fewer K-complexes and other phasic events). Daytime EEG recordings in the elderly are characterized by slowing of the dominant alpha rhythm, diffuse or localized slow waves and reduced reactivity to stimuli. Only few studies, however, have addressed the question of how daytime EEG alterations are related to changes of the sleep polygram, and how these electrophysiological parameters relate to measures of mental performance which also undergo changes with aging. A review of published results and data from our own studies suggest that, within the non-pathological range, few correlations exist between polygraphic sleep, daytime EEG and mental performance data if age as an independent factor is kept constant. The only relations that were significant in some of the studies had opposite directions in different subjects' samples. Thus, until more is known, these 3 areas of assessment should be studied and conceptualized separately. Our lack of understanding in this field is further illustrated by results of drug studies: compounds with confirmed effects on mental performance and mood in young subjects, such as amphetamine, fail to be useful stimulants or antidepressants in the elderly, and drugs like co-dergocrine mesylate ((Hydergine) which are of use in mentally deteriorating old persons have no effects on vigilance and mental performance in young, healthy subjects. Therefore, extrapolations from one level of assessment to another and from experiments in young subjects to studies in the elderly appear unwarranted at the present time. PMID- 7044905 TI - Biological determinants of altered pharmacokinetics in the elderly. AB - The biological determinants of drug disposition have been clearly identified and methods are available to quantify what effects altering them will have on drug kinetics. The factors include blood flow and intrinsic clearance of the organ of elimination, drug binding in blood and tissues, and, in the case of drugs eliminated by the liver, the oral route of administration. The effects of these various factors on drug elimination depend on the efficiency of the elimination process. At one end of the spectrum, some drug elimination is very efficient as it is largely flow-dependent, while at the other elimination depends largely on intrinsic clearance. The oral route of elimination may be important for drugs which undergo efficient hepatic extraction, when a large "first-pass" effect results. In addition, that fraction of the drug escaping first-pass elimination is largely dependent on intrinsic clearance and not flow. Finally, plasma drug binding may affect both elimination and drug distribution. The way in which these factors can be affected by the aging process will be discussed and illustrated with examples showing how changes in organ blood flow, intrinsic clearance and plasma drug binding can produce pharmacokinetic changes seen in the elderly. PMID- 7044906 TI - [Clinico-experimental evidence for a pre-osseous stage of occupational fluorosis (review of the literature and personal observations)]. PMID- 7044907 TI - [Industrial hygiene and health protection for workers in the works of V. I. Lenin]. PMID- 7044908 TI - [Developmental trends in the occupational hygiene services in the countries of Western Europe (a review)]. PMID- 7044909 TI - [Effect of the method of heart preservation on hemodynamics of the transplanted heart with the original heart still in place]. PMID- 7044910 TI - [State of central and regional hemodynamics during autotransplantation of lobe of the lung after experimental pulmonectomy]. PMID- 7044911 TI - [Choice of treatment of patients with postinfarction defect of the ventricular septum]. PMID- 7044912 TI - Immunoperoxidase study of the secretory immunoglobulin system and lysozyme in normal and diseased gastric mucosa. AB - Using an immunoperoxidase technique the distribution of secretory component, IgA, and lysozyme has been investigated in normal, inflamed, dysplastic, and carcinomatous gastric mucosa. Apart from pyloric glands which contain lysozyme, normal gastric mucosa stains negatively for all three antigens. In gastric mucosa neck cells appear to adapt by synthesising secretory component and lysozyme and transporting IgA. Intense staining for the three antigens is seen in dysplastic gastric epithelium and in well-differentiated intestinal type carcinomas. With progressive de-differentiation the tumours lose the ability to synthesise secretory component and lysozyme. Carcinomas of the diffuse type stain positively for secretory component and lysozyme and individual cells appear to take up IgA even in the absence of surrounding IgA containing plasma cells. These functional properties are retained in lymph node metastases. It is suggested that secretory component synthesising malignant cells might take up circulating dimeric IgA and that this could be a reflection of an important physiological mechanism. PMID- 7044913 TI - Gastric ulcer healing with tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate and subsequent relapse. AB - Fifty patients with endoscopically proven gastric ulcers completed a one month double-blind randomised trial of tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (TBD) (DeNol) compared with an identical placebo. Ulcer healing occurred in 18 (72%) of the 25 patients given TDB and in nine (36%) of the patients given placebo. The TDB group experienced significantly less pain than the placebo group. During a follow-up of 29 patients with healed ulcers for up to 44 months, relapse occurred in 13 (45%). It was highest in the first three months (27%) and had risen to 41% at two years. PMID- 7044914 TI - [The vascularized bone transplant for the bridging of large bond defects]. AB - Vascularised autogenous bone transplants are superior in reconstructing large segmental bond defects. We refer to the results of our experimental investigations comparing autogenous knee joint transplantations with and without microvascular anastomoses. It could be shown that vascularised bone transplants can bridge large bone defects with intact form and shape within one year. Without primary vascularisation creeping substitution results in many complications and successful filling of the defect needs several years. Clinical results are analogous. PMID- 7044915 TI - [Treatment of skin defects of the hand]. PMID- 7044916 TI - [Thumb replacement by finger exchange and osteoplastic method with island flap plastic surgery after injuries]. AB - In a historical overview, the development of the methods of thumb reconstruction were traced from the simple asensory substitution to the osteoplastic reconstruction with abdominal flaps and bone grafts with and without sensory island pedicle flaps and then to the transposition of a finger as a neurovascular island pedicle flap. The importance of providing normal sensibility is emphasized in order to minimize the loss of thumb function. Fifty-five personal cases of thumb reconstruction by various methods are presented from the Central Institute for Traumatology in Budapest. Clinical examples include the osteoplastic technique with a neurovascular island pedicle flap (Fig. 1), the distraction method of Matev (Fig. 2), and the pollicization of an injured finger (Figs. 3 and 4), as well as an intact finger (Fig. 5). The results are functionally and often esthetically good which has already been shown by Hilgenfeldt. PMID- 7044917 TI - [Thumb replacement by transplantation of the 2d toe]. AB - After traumatic loss, the thumb can now be replaced by transfer of the toe due to the development of microvascular techniques. Because of the better aesthetic and functional result in the donor foot we prefer the second toe to the big toe. By including a part of the second metatarsal bone the length of the second toe transplants can be adjusted appropriately. In this report the operative technique and the result of eight of such procedures with seven successes is described. PMID- 7044918 TI - Thumb lengthening of the Gillies' method. AB - The Gillies' method of thumb lengthening is presented. It has proved of value in cases of isolated loss of the thumb in the region of the metacarpophalangeal joint sustained by a working man, particularly as pollicisation is not considered justifiable in such cases. The method achieves a result in a one-stage procedure and provides a strong useful thumb although of limited length. Sensation on the tactile surface is good due to preservation of the median nerve supply. PMID- 7044919 TI - [Transport of finger parts using an abdominal skin flap for finger and thumb reconstructive plastic surgery]. AB - 1st. With the aid of an abdominal or an inguinal flap it is possible to reconstruct a finger with sensibility by transporting islands of palmar skin with the corresponding nerve to any amputation stump of the hand. At least three operations are necessary. Parts of bones, joints and tendons may be included in the transported part from the hand. 2nd. These digits are rather bulky. Mobility depends on the preserved joints. 3rd. This method should only be used for thumb reconstruction or to achieve a simple two digit grip. 4th. In children growth of transported bones remains undisturbed. PMID- 7044920 TI - A rapid and economic method for estimation of the number of plasmid copies in Escherichia coli cells. AB - An economic method for a rapid estimation of the number of copies of plasmid R6K delta 1 in E. coli cells using lysis of the cells directly on the agarose gel and electrophoretic separation of radioactively labelled plasmid and chromosomal DNA's is described. The method, particularly useful for screening purposes, permits detection of both the CCC and OC forms of plasmids of molar mass 2-150 Mg/mol and it can be applied to other bacterial systems. PMID- 7044921 TI - Srinivasan's coagulation test in taxonomically classified streptomycetes. AB - Srimivasan's coagulation test was performed in 18 strains of the genus Streptomyces and one strain of the genus Actinoplanes. The highest coagulation activity was detected in strains systematically classified in a series of streptomycetes with pink or red aerial mycelium: S. erythreus, Streptomyces sp. AJ/22, S. roseo-luteus and S. griseofuscus. With the exception of S. griscofuscus these three cultures also exhibited the highest inhibitory activity B. subtilis. When using hemoglobin as substrate it was possible to detect acid, neutral and alkaline proteinases with the highest poroteolytic activity at pH 3.0 to 4.0 in the most active strain of S. erythreus. PMID- 7044922 TI - Taxonomical study of the reference strain of Streptomyces erythreus. AB - The reference strain Streptomyces erythreus formed filamentous growth with Retinaculum-Apertum forms and narrow, long, extended spirals. Under defined conditions it produced abundant red and white mycelium; for its taxonomical characterization the production of red mycelium according to which the strain is classified in a certain series is conclusive. Chains of spiny spores were observed in the electron microscope. In its growth requirements (taxonomically important carbon sources) this strain differed from other strains of the genus Streptomyces. Components of the cell wall type IV were demonstrated in its mycelium. PMID- 7044923 TI - Incomplete projection, a new defense mechanism--an experience in Japan. AB - Through my clinical experiences, the symptom which is explained as a defense mechanism, projection, seems to be divided into complete (Freud) and incomplete one. One is the patient who accepts the symptom which is quite unfamiliar (Projection) and the other, as I tried to explain in this paper, accepts the symptom as rather familiar. The patient who shows the incomplete projection could not project his own inner anxiety completely into the outside world, which results as a guilty feeling even having projective symptoms. The idea of incomplete projection is a useful way to understand clinically the patient and also I found that the patient who shows the symptom of projection sometimes has the incomplete type of projection through the course of psychotherapy. PMID- 7044924 TI - Mutagenicity of commercial hair dyes in Salmonella typhimurium TA98. AB - Commercial permanent hair-dye formulations containing p-phenylenediamine, resorcinol and aminophenols were incubated with hydrogen peroxide and then tested for their ability to induce reverse mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Approximately half of the formulations (12 out of 25) gave positive results. The activity varied widely in degree and was observed only in the presence of an S-9 microsomal fraction from Aroclor-induced male rats. Five of the 12 positive formulations and one negative dye were administered topically to male rats; with one exception the urines of animals treated with the mutagenic hair dyes gave positive results in the presence of the S-9 mix. PMID- 7044925 TI - Genotoxicity of 5-methoxypsoralen and near ultraviolet light in repair-deficient strains of Escherichia coli WP2. AB - 5-Methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) is used in cosmetic suntan preparations to stimulate the production of skin pigments. Although its isomer 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) has been shown to be genotoxic in numerous biological systems, 5-MOP has not been so extremely investigated, but it has recently been reported to be mutagenic and carcinogenic. We have studied the lethal effects of 5-MOP and near ultraviolet light (NUV) on repair-deficient Escherichia coli strains. After treatment with 5 MOP at concentrations above 2 microgram/ml in combination with UV light survival of the repair-deficient strains was considerably reduced and strain WP100 UVRA- recA- was more sensitive than strain WP2 UVRA-. The effect was dependent on the time of irradiation and on the presence or absence of S-9 mix which inhibited the lethal activity of 5-MOP/NUV particularly when the NADP-generating system was included. These results support other indications that the use of 5-MOP in cosmetic preparations should be controlled. PMID- 7044926 TI - Effects of lactobacillus, antacids and antibiotics on the levels of nitrite in the gastro-intestinal tracts of rats fed sodium nitrate. AB - No nitrite was detected in the tissues or contents of the gastro-intestinal tracts of normal rats but after 2 wk on a diet containing 0 . 5% sodium nitrate the levels of nitrite in the stomach, small intestine and large intestine contents were 0 . 83%, 1 . 64-2 . 07 and 0 . 83 micrograms/g of contents respectively. Concurrent administration of 2% Lactobacillus preparation and 0 . 5% sodium nitrate in the diet for 2 wk further increased the nitrite levels in the intestines and slightly increased the level in the stomach. The elevation of nitrite levels induced by sodium nitrate administration was potentiated considerably by combined treatment with sodium bicarbonate and hetacillin producing nitrite levels of 3 . 16, 2 . 93-5 . 18 and 1 . 96-2 . 34 micrograms/g of the contents of the stomach, small intestine and large intestine respectively. Like hetacillin, minomycin and thiamphenicol also potentiated the nitrite production whereas amikacin (another antibiotic) strongly inhibited the formation of nitrite in the stomach. The different effects of the antibiotics may be due to their selective activities on the various microbes. The results indicate that the levels of nitrite in the gastro-intestinal tract are regulated by the level of nitrate intake, the population of microflora and the gastric pH. The safety of combined medication with antacids, antibiotics and Lactobacillus preparations in man deserves further investigation. PMID- 7044927 TI - [The advocate of the practicing physician: 100 years of "Fortschritte der Medizin"]. PMID- 7044928 TI - [100 years of gout: from quackery and hypothesis to directed therapy]. PMID- 7044929 TI - [Clinical experiences with desoximetasone preparations (Topisilon ointment, fatty ointment, lotion) in dermatologic disorders. 8-year study]. PMID- 7044930 TI - [Kidney transplantation. Indications, conditions and results]. PMID- 7044931 TI - [Kraepelin's conceptual research approach viewed from the angle of his own clinical practice (author's transl)]. AB - The present investigation documents the tension field of practical methodological and conceptual problems in which Kraepelin saw himself. A source is used to which little attention had been devoted so far: the archive of patient files from the year 1900. In the years after 1898, Kraepelin attempted to arrive at a nosology which is empirical and has at the same time psychopathological basis in the sense of Kahlbaum. The methodological postulates of Kraepelin based on positivistic epistemology were theoretically epochmaking, but were disappointing in terms of practical empirical results in the years which followed. Kraepelin postulated that the further course could be predicted and these predictions checked from the initial psychopathological findings. However, the sources drawn upon indicated that Kraepelin proceeded in the opposite way in practice in 1900 and held to a dichotomy of the course which in fact occurred. The traditional question as to the width or narrowness of the nosological terms dementia praecox and manic depressive psychosis which is traditionally posed in this connection is taken up and discussed in detail. The study is concluded with comparative reflections on the conception of the "neo-Kraepelinian school". PMID- 7044932 TI - [Varying response to nifedipine during treatment of stable exertional angina pectoris: results of a double-blind, randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7044933 TI - Therapeutic potential of alpha-glucosidase-inhibitors. PMID- 7044934 TI - Interaction between effects of insulin and vasopressin on renal excretion of water and sodium in rats. AB - A possibility of interaction between effects of insulin and vasopressin (ADH) on renal handling of water and electrolytes was examined in continuously hydrated rats whose hypothalamo-hypophysial antidiuretic system was blocked with ethanol. Urine (Vu), its osmolality (Uosm) as well as sodium (UNaV) and potassium (UKV) excretion were compared before and after: 1) single intravenous (i.v.) injection of insulin (10, 20 and 40 mU), 2) i.v. infusion of ADH (5 microunits/min) for 20 min, and 3) injection of insulin followed by infusion of ADH. Administration of insulin without ADH caused a significant increase in Vu and a decrease in Uosm. A significant increase in UNaV was found after 10 mU of insulin. Infusion of ADH caused a significant decrease in Vu, elevation of Uosm and small but significant increase in UNaV. Simultaneous administration of insulin and vasopressin did not cause any significant changes of Vu and Uosm. Administration of 10 mU of insulin in association with ADH elicited a highly significant prolonged increase in UNaV which was higher than that observed when each hormone was applied separately but lower than the sum of separate responses to ADH and insulin. The results indicate that insulin and ADH exert opposite effects on urine flow and osmolality and that the low doses of insulin and ADH act synergistically in eliciting natriuresis. PMID- 7044935 TI - Effect of neonatal insulin treatment on adult receptor binding capacity in rats. PMID- 7044936 TI - Pressure growing for payment reform. PMID- 7044937 TI - House weighs prospective payment alternatives. PMID- 7044938 TI - Cost-shifting will mean profit-shift -- to hospitals' loss columns. PMID- 7044939 TI - Senate panel votes deep Medicare cuts. PMID- 7044940 TI - Declining reimbursement will demand innovative delivery methods. AB - In summary, hospitals will have to find innovative ways to secure market share as federal reimbursement continues to decline and the commercial insurance industry rebels against the cost shifting burden that is being placed on it. Hospitals can also expect increasing pressure to control costs if inflation rates continue to moderate but hospital expenses exceed the current inflation rates. All in all, the reimbursement system will undergo severe "belt tightening," which will force hospitals to change their product mix; accept new payment systems, such as capitation; and reduce expenses in order to achieve profitable operating margins. PMID- 7044941 TI - Flu trial with aerosol antiviral held promising. PMID- 7044942 TI - Infant with repeated staphylococcal infection and leukocytic defect. PMID- 7044943 TI - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi: the art in being wrong. PMID- 7044944 TI - The roots of wisdom. PMID- 7044945 TI - Antiplatelet therapy in coronary heart disease. PMID- 7044946 TI - Neonatal sepsis: the potential of granulocyte transfusion. PMID- 7044947 TI - The distribution of neoplastic and normal B-lymphoid cells in nodular lymphomas: use of an immunoperoxidase technique on frozen sections. AB - The authors used an immunoperoxidase technique for the detection of immunoglobulins in frozen sections of 14 nodular lymphomas and ten reactive lymph nodes. Staining with antisera to the various immunoglobulin heavy and light chains permitted characterization and localization of neoplastic and non neoplastic lymphoid cells in tissue sections. This technique is useful in the differential diagnosis of nodular lymphoma from follicular lymphoid hyperplasia. Non-neoplastic follicle mantle zones were found in six cases, providing additional evidence for the histogenic relationship between nodular lymphomas and lymphoid follicles. Hum Pathol 13:610-617, 1982. PMID- 7044948 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets in follicular lymphomas compared with those in non neoplastic lymph nodes and tonsils. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies on frozen sections, the authors define the anatomic localization of T-lymphocyte subsets in follicular lymphomas as well as in nonneoplastic lymph nodes and tonsils. The percentage of Leu-1+ T cells in the follicles of follicular lymphomas (20 per cent) was virtually identical to that seen in the follicles of nonneoplastic lymph nodes or tonsils (22 per cent). There were 50 per cent T cells in the interfollicular regions of follicular lymphomas and 75 per cent in the paracortical regions of the nonneoplastic specimens. In neoplastic follicles the number of Leu-3a+ cells was 67 per cent of the number of Leu-1+ cells, whereas, virtually the entire T-cell population in the nonneoplastic follicles expressed the Leu-3a antigen. These T cells of helper phenotype may facilitate the neoplastic process or an immune response against it or may be bystanders to the B-cell proliferation. Hum Pathol 13:618-625, 1982 PMID- 7044949 TI - A method for locating scalp electrodes in spherical coordinates. PMID- 7044950 TI - CBA/N immune defective mice; evidence for the failure of a B cell subpopulation to be expressed. PMID- 7044951 TI - DBA/2Ha mice as a model of an X-linked immunodeficiency which is defective in the expression of TRF-acceptor site(s) on B lymphocytes. PMID- 7044952 TI - B cell subsets and differential responses to mitogens. PMID- 7044953 TI - B-lymphocyte precursors in immunodeficient, autoimmune and anemic mice. PMID- 7044954 TI - Use of the T lymphocyte regulated type 2 antigens for the analysis of responsiveness of Lyb5+ and Lyb5- B lymphocytes to T lymphocyte derived factors. PMID- 7044955 TI - Stimulation of DNA synthesis in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes by rat platelet-associated substance(s). AB - Experiments in whole animals have shown that normally quiescent adult rat hepatocytes are induced to proliferate by blood borne substances, which we are now probing in primary monolayer cultures. Under our conditions, freshly isolated adult hepatocytes do not proliferate actively in a defined medium, but are stimulated to synthesize DNA--an essential first step--by either serum or an EGF hormone combination. Stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation into hepatocyte DNA by addition of dialyzed mouse, human, horse, or bovine (fetal, newborn, or calf) serum, whose activities are all similar, is regularly surpassed by an EGF insulin mixture without serum. This, in turn, is exceeded by dialyzed normal rat serum, which is several times more potent than the other sera tested. Removal of blood platelets reduces the activity of normal rat serum by over 50%. Heat inactivation (56 degrees C) causes a similar loss, but heat treatment of platelet poor serum fails to cause further reduction. The activity of mouse and human serum is not reduced by platelet removal. Serum from partially hepatectomized rats is not significantly more stimulatory than normal rat serum, and its activity is depressed in the same way by platelet deprivation and heat inactivation. Lack of enhancement by partial hepatectomy is not consonant with whole animal studies and requires further investigation. The heat-labile portion of the DNA synthesis-stimulating activity of rat serum appears to derive from platelets. This activity differs from the well-characterized heat-stable human PDGF. Its relation to other reported platelet-associated growth factors is still undetermined. PMID- 7044956 TI - Microcarriers: a new approach to pancreatic islet cell culture. AB - Free islet cell suspensions were prepared from isolated fetal rat islets using a modified enzyme dispersion technique. The islet cells were dispensed into a culture flask containing microcarriers (Cytodex) suspended in culture medium RPMI 1640 by a slowly rotating bar magnet. Microscopical examination of the beads showed that the islet cells attached and then progressively proliferated on the surface of the beads as a monolayer. A highly sustained release of insulin from the beads to the medium was observed during the 7 d culture period. The functional viability of the cultured islet cells was further demonstrated by the ability of batches of the cell-coated beads to synthesize insulin and to increase the insulin release in response to an acute challenge (16.7 mmol/l glucose plus 5 mmol/l theophylline). The results suggest that bead microcarriers may provide a new approach to monolayer islet cell culture providing functional monolayers, which can easily be transferred to different test systems and further manipulated. PMID- 7044957 TI - Modified nutrient medium MCDB 151, defined growth factors, cholera toxin, pituitary factors, and horse serum support epithelial cell and suppress fibroblast proliferation in primary cultures of rat ventral prostate cells. AB - Nutrient medium WAJC 401 containing 5 micrograms/ml insulin. 10 ng/ml EGF, 10 ng/ml cholera toxin, 50 micrograms/ml pituitary extract, 1 microgram/ml prolactin, 1 microM dexamethasone, and 5% horse serum supports the rapid proliferation of rat ventral prostate epithelial cells in primary culture. The same medium suppresses the growth of prostate fibroblasts. PMID- 7044958 TI - Studies of the immunological activities of the outer membrane protein from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7044959 TI - Delayed-type hypersensitivity and allograft rejection in the mouse: correlation of effector cell phenotype. AB - Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to alloantigens were found to correlate with both skin and tumour allograft rejection in 224 reconstituted ATXBM-CBA mice. Furthermore, DTH responses and allograft rejection were observed only in mice that had received Ly-1 cells. Depletion of Thy-1+ or Ly-1+ cells led to indefinite graft survival and the absence of DTH responses, whereas depletion of Ly-2+ cells led to rapid graft rejection and strong DTH responses. The same result was obtained with CBA mice responding to grafts of either C57BL/6 skin, the B16 melanoma, or the EL4 lymphoma; and for (CBA X A)F1 mice responding to H 2K region alloantigens of AQR skin grafts. Thus, DTH and allograft rejection are both mediated by a Ly-1 T cell and it is considered that these are two different manifestations of the same transplantation response. PMID- 7044960 TI - Sites of autoantibody production in rats with thyroiditis. AB - We have developed a thyroglobulin-specific haemolytic plaque assay and investigated potential sites of autoantibody synthesis in good and poor responder strains of rats immunized with thyroglobulin and in rats subjected to thymectomy and sub-lethal irradiation which subsequently develop thyroiditis spontaneously. The bone marrow appears to be the most important site of thyroglobulin antibody synthesis in all groups, but spleen and cervical lymph nodes are also involved. No thyroglobulin plaque-forming cells could be found in the thyroid. These results imply widespread involvement of the humoral immune system in organ specific autoimmune processes. PMID- 7044961 TI - Further study on relationship of anti-tuberculous protection to lung granulomata produced by intravenous injections of synthetic 6-0-mycoloyl-N-acetyl-muramyl-L alanyl-D-isoglutamine with or without specific antigens. AB - The synthetic adjuvant, 6-0-mycoloyl-n-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (mycol-MDP), is know to have a similar activity to the adjuvant moiety which resides in BCG cell walls (CW). Mycol-MDP plus a specific antigen, PPD, produced lung granulomata followed by anti-tuberculous protection in BCG CW high responder C57BL/6 (B6) mice, but not in low responder C3H/HeMs) (C3H) mice when a granuloma assay and an aerosol challenge with Mycobacterium bovis, Ravenel were carried out 4 weeks after the injection. However, when the granuloma assay and mycobacterial infection were performed 1 week after the injection, both B6 and C3H mice showed slight but definite lung granuloma formation accompanied by detectable protection. This suggested that the early development of granuloma was elicited by direct activation of macrophages with mycol-MDP. This possibility was confirmed since T-cell-deprived (B) mice produced lung granulomata 1 week after injection with mycol-MDP alone. However, contrary to our expectation, these B mice did not show anti-tuberculous protection. The role of T cells for anti tuberculous immunity is discussed in relation to the adjuvant activity of mycol MDP. PMID- 7044962 TI - The take of skin allograft following necrotizing herpes zoster in chronic lymphatic leukaemia (report of a case). AB - A case of herpes zoster involving the lumbar dermatomes is presented, where an unusual necrosis of the whole skin corresponding to the affected dermatomes was observed. Although it is well known that herpes zoster links with malignancies including chronic lymphatic leukaemia, the necrotizing stage of the skin is unfamiliar. In spite of the fact that malignancy contributes to a decreased host resistance, there is evidence suggesting that herpes zoster virus is the cause of skin necrosis. An allograft skin transplantation was performed successfully in the presence of immune deficient status over a period of six months. PMID- 7044963 TI - Alternatives to donor matching for control of graft-versus-host disease. AB - Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after bone-marrow transplantation in dogs is controlled by many different genetic systems. In littermate combinations identical for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) the number of systems that influence GvHD is related to the number of donor lymphocytes injected. If the number of donor lymphocytes administered is sufficiently low, minor histocompatibility systems do not influence survival after bone-marrow transplantation. With increasing numbers of donor lymphocytes the beneficial influence of MHC matching on GvH incidence and severity disappears and minor histocompatibility antigens, coded for on at least two other autosomal chromosomes as well as possibly the Y chromosome, can cause severe GvHD. In contrast, the X chromosome does not appear to carry a histocompatibility system that is of relevance to GvHD control. The severity and tissue distribution of histological signs of GvHD in recipients of bone-marrow and lymph-node cells from MHC-identical donors are similar to those in recipients of MHC-mismatched bone marrow cells. Female donors do appear to cause severe GvHD more frequently than males. In contrast to rhesus monkey and human bone-marrow cells, dog bone-marrow cells are negative in PHA tests. This is in accordance with the generally benign course of GvHD in dogs that are treated with bone-marrow cells only from histocompatible littermate donors. The influence of the sex of the bone-marrow donor on GvHD incidence and severity is not reflected in differences between PHA tests with male and female dog lymphocytes. A better predictive test for GvH potential than the PHA test appears to be needed. Alternatives to additional donor selection for the prevention of GvHD in histocompatible recipients appear to be the use of a male donor and the removal of lymphocytes from bone-marrow cell suspensions prior to transplantation. PMID- 7044964 TI - Plasma renin activity in essential hypertensives in north India. PMID- 7044965 TI - Purification and separation of heat-labile enterotoxin of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli by simple agarose gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7044966 TI - Experimental production of acute glomerulonephritis by various serotypes of beta haemolytic streptococci. PMID- 7044967 TI - Abdominal wound closure without peritoneal suture. PMID- 7044968 TI - Urine cytology in patients of renal transplant. PMID- 7044969 TI - [The significance of biology in nutrition education from school onward]. PMID- 7044970 TI - [Carbohydrate infusion in internal diseases. A comparative study in metabolically healthy, liver diseased and diabetic patients. VI. Infusions of a glucose/xylitol mixture (1:1 ratio) over a 48-hour period]. AB - By central venous catheterization, 6 control persons, 7 patients with liver cirrhosis and 6 patients with diabetes mellitus were infused for 48 h with a 20% (w/v) mixture of glucose/xylitol (1:1). The infusion 48 h with a 20% (w/v) mixture of glucose/xylitol (1:1). The infusion rate of 0.125 g monosaccharide/kg/h could be maintained with minor deviations. There were no significant changes in blood glucose levels using this infusion regimen. Lactate levels, however, did increase constantly during the whole infusion period. In the liver group as well as in the diabetic group we could measure values between 1.5 and 3.9 mmol/l. Triglycerides increased solely in the diabetic group. Uric acid concentrations were elevated in all 3 groups. Clinically significant side effects were not observed. PMID- 7044971 TI - Effect of Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin on human peripheral leukocyte viability in vitro. AB - To gain further evidence that Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin has a role in pathogenesis, its effect on human peripheral leukocyte viability was studied in vitro. Viability of leukocytes exposed to low doses of alpha-hemolysin decreased nearly 10-fold within 15 min of exposure. This response was dose and time dependent and was neutralized by antiserum, heat, proteases, and lipase. To gain further evidence that alpha-hemolysin was the molecule responsible for leukotoxicity, preparations of alpha-hemolysin were passed through a hydrophobic interaction chromatographic column. Alpha-hemolysin prepared in this way retained its leukotoxic activity. Both hemolytic and leukotoxic activities copurified at the same ratio and were inactivated to the same degree by heating at 56 degrees C. Lysis of leukocytes, if it occurs in vivo, would enhance the chances of survival for an invading hemolytic E. coli. PMID- 7044972 TI - Corticosterone regulation of the effector function of malarial immunity during pregnancy. AB - In the experimental Plasmodium berghei mouse model, as in human malaria, reduced maternal responsiveness and even loss of immunity were observed during pregnancy. Loss of immunity in the second half of pregnancy occurred during a period of elevated plasma corticoid levels. Further analysis showed that plasma corticoid levels were significantly higher in immunodepressed mice than in mice that remained immune throughout pregnancy. Plasma corticosterone levels differed increasingly from those in mice with persistent immunity towards recrudescence. In nonimmune infected controls, however, only a slight increase in plasma corticosterone, already present during the subpatent period, was measured. Blocking the maternal corticoid production by adrenalectomy delayed the increase of plasma corticosterone (fetoplacental origin) and reduced the number of mice that lost immunity during pregnancy considerably. The role of various plasma corticoid levels in the regulation of effector function of immunity during pregnancy is discussed. PMID- 7044973 TI - Role for endotoxin in the leukocyte infiltration accompanying Escherichia coli inflammation. AB - Escherichia coli organisms induce polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) infiltration during clinical infection and also in a rabbit dermal model of inflammation. We investigated the factors which may mediate this host response to E. coli. In vitro incubation of Formalin-killed E. coli in heat-inactivated rabbit plasma or balanced salt solution generated in the supernatant factors which induced in vivo PMNL infiltration upon intradermal injection into rabbits. However, these supernatants, in the presence or absence of plasma, did not induce PMNL migration in vitro. The in vivo activity was stable at 100 degrees C and of high molecular weight (30,000). Antiserum to O antigen or to core glycolipid, but not to K or H antigen, as well as polymyxin B inhibited the release or activity of these E. coli-derived factors. The intradermal injection of 0.02 to 0.2 mug of four different endotoxin preparations or lipid A also induced marked PMNL infiltration in vivo. However, these preparations did not stimulate PMNL migration in vitro and failed to generate chemotactic activity in plasma except at very high concentrations (500 mug/ml). Anti-O serum inhibited PMNL infiltration induced by endotoxins with the corresponding O antigen and anti-core glycolipid serum inhibited all four endotoxins tested, whereas polymyxin B inhibited the activity of the endotoxins as well as that of lipid A. Base hydrolysis of endotoxin abolished PMNL infiltration. It is concluded that (i) endotoxin shed from E. coli (killed or live) may be one factor mediating the PMNL infiltration induced by this organism, (ii) endotoxin probably acts independent of in vivo complement activation, (iii) the activity is dependent on the lipid A moiety, and (iv) antibody binding to O or core glycolipid antigens can modify endotoxin so as to diminish its capacity to induce PMNL infiltration in vivo. PMID- 7044974 TI - Dissociation of innate susceptibility to Salmonella infection and endotoxin responsiveness in C3HeB/FeJ mice and other strains in the C3H lineage. AB - Studies of various mouse strains in the C3H lineage have shown that there is no correlation between innate susceptibility to Salmonella infection and sensitivity to the toxic or mitogenic effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). C3H/HeNCrlBR mice were Salmonella resistant, but sensitive to the toxic and mitogenic effects of LPS, whereas C3HeB/FeJ mice were Salmonella susceptible as the C3H/HeJ mice, yet were mitogenically responsive to LPS and sensitive to its lethal effects. Furthermore, other mouse strains (C3H/HeTex and C3H/HeDub) displayed intermediate susceptibility to Salmonella infection and were responders to the mitogenic and toxic effects of LPS. These results are interpreted to mean that endotoxemia cannot be a major factor in the pathogenesis of Salmonella infection and provide evidence for the involvement of multiple factors in the control of innate resistance to Salmonella infection in mice of the C3H lineage. PMID- 7044975 TI - Transovarian passage, visceral distribution, and pathogenicity of salmonella in snakes. AB - Transovarian passage of salmonella was evaluated in snakes by cesarean delivery and subsequent bacteriological examination of fetuses. In all cases, the same Salmonella serotype was isolated from the feces of gravid females and their fetuses. The visceral distribution of salmonella in normal snakes was found to involve almost all visceral organs. Of nonenteric organs examined, salmonella was recovered most often from the livers and ureters. Experimental infections with Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella arizonae were established by oral, intracardial, and intracoelomic routes. Animals infected orally shed the organism in feces, but did not develop humoral antibodies or any detectable adverse effect. Animals injected by the intracardiac and intracoelomic routes developed antibody titers of 1:256 to the respective salmonella serotypes, but remained normal throughout the experiment. On the basis of results, salmonella was regarded as an opportunistic organism in reptiles. PMID- 7044976 TI - Phage influence on the synthesis of extracellular toxins in group A streptococci. AB - Phage conversion of group A streptococci to produce streptococcal exotoxins was shown to occur more widely than has been previously reported. Toxigenic conversion was found in 19 newly constructed lysogenic and pseudolysogenic strains resulting in synthesis of exotoxin types A and B. Conversion was accomplished by a positive conversion effector, which was a phage characteristic expressed by the prophage and vegetatively reproducing phage. Exotoxin production was determined by the rabbit skin test and by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis with type-specific antisera. New lysogens and pseudolysogens were constructed with strains which failed to produce at least one exotoxin type. Phages were obtained from toxigenic strains isolated from cases of scarlet fever. Conversions were consistent and repeatable; loss of the recently introduced phage was accompanied by loss of the newly acquired toxin productivity. Conversion resulted in production of additional exotoxin type or types and never affected existing toxin synthesis. Converting phages were characterized by electron microscopy and negatively stained preparations and were all found to be of morphological class B1. All phage nucleic acid was double stranded DNA. Though similar in structure, each converting phage had a different host range, and the nine new converting phages identified here did not react with antiserum prepared against the originally reported converting phage. PMID- 7044977 TI - Repeated delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions against Mycobacterium lepraemurium antigens at the infection site do not affect bacillary multiplication in C3H mice. AB - Delayed-type hypersensitivity was induced in cyclophosphamide-pretreated C3H/TifBom mice by subcutaneous immunization in the thorax with ultrasonicated Mycobacterium lepraemurium bacilli in Freund incomplete adjuvant. Seven weeks after immunization, 2.5 X 10(7) acid-fast M. lepraemurium bacilli suspended in diluted sonicate were injected into one hind footpad, and during the next 6 weeks three additional infections of sonicate were given at intervals into the infected footpad. After each injection a strong local reaction developed, which after the first three injections peaked at 24 h. The kinetics of the reaction was accelerated after the repeat injections. Each time the reaction subsided within 1 week. From 2 days to 11 weeks after the inoculation of bacilli there was a 10 fold increase in bacillary numbers in the footpad and a 3,000-fold increase in the draining popliteal lymph node. The degree of bacillary multiplication was the same in animals which had experienced repeated local reactions and in control animals. Thus, repeated strong delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to M. lepraemurium antigens apparently were without any measurable effect on the bacillary multiplication. This observation provides further evidence for a dissociation in C3H/TifBom mice between delayed-type hypersensitivity to soluble mycobacterial antigens and protective immunity against mycobacteria. Possible explanations for our findings are discussed. PMID- 7044978 TI - Enhancement of invasiveness of Yersinia enterocolitica and Escherichia coli in HEp-2 cells by centrifugation. AB - Centrifugation enhanced the infectivity of invasive Escherichia coli and Yersinia enterocolitica for HEp-2 cells. Noninvasive bacteria were not endocytosed after centrifugation. The centrifugation procedure may increase the sensitivity of testing for bacterial invasiveness in cell culture without causing false-positive results. PMID- 7044979 TI - The relation of basic biology to pathogenic potential in the genus Chlamydia. AB - Chlamydiae are obligately intracellular procaryotic parasites, and their activities as agents of human disease are determined to a large degree by their intracellular way of life. The inside of a host cell is a hostile environment, and few microorganisms survive and multiply intracellularly. Those that do have evolved adaptations that fit them for life inside other cells. Apart from the viruses, chlamydiae are the infectious agents most highly adapted to intracellular life. Of all the properties of chlamydiae, the ones most likely to determine their pathogenic potential are those that reflect their adaptations to life inside host cells. Wherever possible, these chlamydial activities will be indentified and described. PMID- 7044980 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis: serological diagnosis. AB - Satisfactory methods for the serodiagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis have been widely discussed in recent years. Until a decade ago, the complement-fixation test measuring group-specific antibody was the most widely applied technique. However, despite showing relatively high diagnostic sensitivity in systemic chlamydial infections, it is of little value in the serodiagnosis of localized chlamydial oculo-genital infections or of trachoma. The more recently developed microimmunofluorescence (micro-IF) test is not only a very sensitive technique, but can also reach a high degree of serodiagnostic specificity in certain chlamydial infections. Unlike the complement-fixation test, it measures type specific antibody which may be directed against one or more C trachomatis serotypes. By nature, chlamydia infections often lead to high background rates of antibody in affected populations. Interpretation of serological results may therefore be difficult, particularly when only single-serum samples are available. However, in seroepidemiological work, in the study of transmission patterns and in the detection of predominant serotypes in a community, the micro IF test is especially valuable, and if results are interpreted with care, the test may also serve as an indicator of chlamydial infection. The predictability, sensitivity and specificity of serological tests for C. trachomatis will be discussed. PMID- 7044981 TI - Epidemiology of genital chlamydial infections. PMID- 7044982 TI - Gynecological chlamydial infections. AB - A review is presented of infections in the female genital tract caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. C. trachomatis primarily infects the cuboidal epithelium of the cervix. Chlamydial cervicitis is four to six time more common in Europe than gonococcal cervicitis. The infection is sexually transmitted and can cause urethritis in the male, endometritis and salpingitis in the female as well as infections in the neonate. The risk of salpingitis in women with chlamydia cervicitis has been estimated to be about 1:10, i.e. the same as for gonorrhoea. Chlamydial cervicitis is asymptomatic in about half of the culture-positive cases. A correlation between colposcopic follicular cervicitis and the isolation of C. trachomatis has been reported. Examination of serum specimens for IgG antibody to the organism is of little use for the diagnosis of cervicitis. Treatment with macrolide antibiotics or tetracyclines eradicates the organism. PMID- 7044984 TI - Aneurysm surgery: past, present, and future. PMID- 7044983 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis and clinical genital infections: a general review. AB - Genital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (immunotypes D to K) are briefly reviewed. Urethritis is not only the most important chlamydial infection in men, but is also the most common sexually transmitted disease. The complication of this form of nongonococcal or postgonococcal urethritis include prostatitis, epididymitis and arthritis. Urethritis and cervicitis are the primary infections in women, and may lead to salpingitis, peritonitis or perihepatitis. Chlamydial infection is transmitted to the infant at birth, causing conjunctivitis or pneumonia. The diagnosis and treatment of genital chlamydial infections are briefly reviewed. Finally, some general recommendations on genital chlamydial infections are presented. PMID- 7044985 TI - Low levels of antibodies to surface antigens of group B streptococci in commercial IgG preparations. AB - 53 different batches of commercial IgG were tested for antibodies to group B streptococci (GBS) types Ia, Ib, II and III. The levels of antibodies varied widely. Comparison of the anti-GBS antibody levels in these preparations with those found in normal blood donor sera showed that the commercial IgG contained approximately 2.6 times less type-specific antibodies. We conclude that the commercial IgG now available is not optimal for passive immunization against GBS infections in neonates. PMID- 7044986 TI - Characterization and mitogenesis of feline lymphocyte populations. AB - Feline lymphocyte populations from blood, spleen, lymph node, thymus and bone marrow were examined for the following markers: rosette formation with guinea pig erythrocytes (GPE-T cells); surface feline thymocyte antigen (T cells); surface immunoglobulin (B cells); cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (preB cells, plasma cells); receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (FcyR-positive T and B cells), and the third component of complement (CR-positive cells - primarily B cells). The blastogenic responses of feline lymphocytes from peripheral blood, spleen, lymph node (LN), thymus and marrow were investigated using the following mitogens: Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), dextran sulfate (DxS), concanavalin A (conA), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Feline T lymphocytes identified by rosette formation with GPE and surface thymocyte antigen were present in thymus, spleen, LN, blood and, rarely, in marrow. T cell subsets, but not B cell subsets, were differentiated according to mitogen activation. Cells responding to PHA were immature, nonrecirculating cells, which were most strongly activated in thymus [stimulation index (SI) = 12], lymph node (SI = 11) and spleen (SI = 6). PWM-responsive cells were relatively mature, recirculating lymphocytes of widespread distribution and blastogenesis was greater in spleen (SI = 36) and LN (SI = 29), followed by thymus (SI = 23) and blood (SI = 15). Con A was a potent mitogen for cells of spleen (SI = 113), blood (SI = 80) and LN (SI = 77), but not thymus (SI = 7), suggesting that the con-A-inducible cell was a mature, recirculating, postthymic cell. Optimal mitogenic response to the B cell mitogen, LPS, was dependent upon increased cell concentrations (3 x 10(5) versus 1 x 10(5) per microtiter well) and increased incubation time (5 days versus 3 days). Surface IgG- and IgM-bearing lymphocytes and CR-bearing cells from spleen and blood were stimulated preferentially. DxS was moderately mitogenic for CR bearing lymphocytes in spleen (SI = 4), LN (SI = 3) and blood (SI = 3), but not marrow (SI = 1). PMID- 7044987 TI - Potentiation of MIF production by lymphocytes of Trichinella spiralis-infected mice. AB - In order to further investigate the mechanism involved in the immunopotentiation following Trichinella spiralis infection, mice were injected intraperitoneally with either heat-killed or viable bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) 28 days after oral infection with 200 nematode larvae. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was assessed 28 days later by measuring levels of migration inhibitor factor (MIF) elicited by Old Tuberculin challenge. Sensitization with killed BCG produced only negligible amounts of MIF; however, prior T. spiralis infection resulted in significantly increased titers of MIF, reaching levels induced by viable BCG. The data indicated that a lymphokine component may be involved in addition to non specific mechanisms previously proposed. PMID- 7044988 TI - Psychological growth and the impact of stress in middle age. AB - Cycles of stress and anxiety in middle age may have a developmental etiology, and may be a necessary part of the developmental process in this phase of life. Middle age often is punctuated by recurrent episodes of stress which do not appear to have a basis in any specific event. These cycles of stress instead are a function of psychological development in mid-life, with stress resulting from the need to integrate newly differentiated aspects of experience which cannot be integrated with an existing cognitive system of beliefs and values. Reintegration of the cognitive structure to accommodate these new elements reduces the stress, leaving the adult changed with respect to certain beliefs about self or world. These reintegrations are facilitated by an internal locus of control and an articulate self-other differentiation, both of which are important for a positive response to stress in middle age. PMID- 7044989 TI - Mellowing with age: factors influencing the nonwhite suicide rate. AB - The age patterning of white and nonwhite suicide rates reveals a marked and consistent divergence: white suicide rates increase with age; however, nonwhite suicide rates peak in youthful years and decline during middle and older ages. Six explanatory hypotheses are proposed to account for the divergence: 1) differential life expectancy; 2) deviant burnout; 3) screening out of the violence-prone; 4) role and status of the elderly; 5) traditional values; and 6) age-specific motives. Discussion and analysis of the proposed hypotheses indicate that they do operate in the direction of reducing the suicide rates of elderly nonwhites, thereby contributing to the observed age discrepancy in white and nonwhite suicide rates. PMID- 7044990 TI - The modernization of old age in France: approaches through history. AB - Increasing work on the history of old age allows attention to some key conceptual issues, relevant also for gerontological perspective. Change over time must be characterized in terms of periodization, and possibly in terms of direction and causation as well. Historians are increasingly aware of the exaggerations in the conventional view of the advantages of old age in preindustrial Western society, given strong economic and cultural liabilities. Industrialization brought change, and probably some deterioration, but not a massive overturning, for the elderly were sheltered from some key economic shifts, while a traditional cultural pessimism about old age actually became more serviceable. Only when the attitudes of old people and about old age began to modernize, during the first half of the twentieth century in France and in the United States, was a decisively new historical period staked out, with changes in residential/household patterns and the development of retirement policy combining additionally toward this chronological break. Comparative differences in the modern history of old age in France and in the United States also highlight the importance of cultural factors in the basic position of the elderly. Although the directions of economic and demographic change were similar in the two countries, prior cultural differences continued to have an impact, revealed for example in medical practices toward the elderly. Tentatively, the, the causal importance of attitudes about old age can be posited. PMID- 7044991 TI - Creative aging. AB - The terms "creative" and "aging" are antithetical according to dictionary usage "create" being explicitly described as an active process and "aging" implicitly defined as a passive reactive one. This paper first briefly explores some divergent attitudes toward aging-negative as well as positive. A neurophysiological framework is then presented to support the belief that aging is an active and creative process. Physical, psychological and sociological aspects are explored in the context of neurophysiological data as it relates to the subject of aging. Finally, three factors which emerge from the discussion as essential to assuring a creative aging process are identified and examined. PMID- 7044992 TI - Psychosocial factors affecting adaptation to bereavement in the elderly. AB - A spouse's death requires more readjustment on the part of the bereaved than any other stressful life event. This finding holds across the many age groups and cultural backgrounds that have been studied. Although it is unclear as to whether the stress of bereavement is greater for women than for men, for the young than for the old, for one socioeconomic level or for another, a critical review of the literatures suggests the following: 1) Negative changes in physical health, mortality rate and mental health status usually accompany widowhood; 2) Complex social-psychological variables such as the individual's characteristic ways of coping with stress (coping strength), the adequacy of the social network - plus other factors such as income and religious commitment - may attenuate widowhood's negative impact. Suggestions for further research include studies exploring differential adaptation to widowhood across age groups and in elderly men and women, and longitudinal studies tracing the process of recovery from acute grief. PMID- 7044993 TI - Perspectives on the continuity perspective. AB - This paper explores the strengths and limitations of the continuity perspective on aging. First, current usages of the concept are delineated. Then available literature is reviewed for evidence that continuity is in fact characteristic of the aging process and for indications that it is positively related to morale in old age. While lack of comparable data makes conclusions somewhat tentative, it appears that discontinuity is as characteristic of aging as continuity and that continuity may actually be maladaptive in many cases. Components of a conceptual definition of continuity are discussed, and suggestions are made for operationalization and more rigorous investigation of the concept. PMID- 7044994 TI - Cellular mechanisms underlying the adjuvant activity of Candida albicans in a mouse lymphoma model. AB - Inactivated Candida albicans (CA) possesses strong anti-tumor activity when combined with cytoreductive chemotherapy in a mouse lymphoma model. In the present study, experiments were performed in order to elucidate the mechanism(s) underlying CA immunoadjuvant activity. In vivo chemotherapy studies proved that the synergistic anti-tumor effects were lost in athymic (nu/nu) mice and were also abrogated by radiations. In vitro tests did not suggest a major involvement of natural cytotoxic effectors such as macrophages and natural killer cells nor did CA effects appear to be mediated by induction of interferon. It was concluded that the immunoadjuvant activity of CA largely relies on host responses against tumor-associated transplantation antigens with no major involvement of natural resistance immune mechanisms. PMID- 7044995 TI - Political ideology and public health in the nineteenth century. PMID- 7044996 TI - Toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 7044997 TI - Fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) test. PMID- 7044998 TI - Daniel Turner (1667-1740) LRCP London (1711) M.D. honorary, Yale (1723) surgeon, physician and pioneer dermatologist: the man seen in the pages of his book on the skin. PMID- 7044999 TI - Homing kinetics of indium-111 labelled bacteria: detection of organ specificities as revealed by scintigraphy. PMID- 7045000 TI - Biodistribution and renal excretion of 99mTc-N,N'-bis-(Mercaptoacetamido) ethylenediamine. Effect of renal tubular transport inhibitors. PMID- 7045002 TI - Principles and evolution of intraocular lens implantation. PMID- 7045001 TI - A survey of salmonellae in trade cattle slaughtered at Nsukka abattoir. AB - A survey was carried out to determine the occurrence and carrier rate of Salmonella in trade cattle slaughtered for human consumption at Nsukka abattoir in Anambra State. Two hundred Zebu cattle were screened. A total of 424 specimens comprising of gall bladders, messenteric lymph nodes and rectal faeces were subjected to enterobacteriological studies. Identification of isolants was based on biochemical reactions and the use of polyvalent and group-specific antisera. Two Salmonella serotypes made up of Sal. typhimurium (3 strains) and Sal. dublin (5 strains) were obtained from 6 of the 200 cattle. A carrier rate of 3% was recorded. Two animals were carriers of Sal. typhimurium, while 4 cattle harboured Sal. dublin. Two strains of Sal. typhimurium and 3 of Sal. dublin were isolated from the gall bladder. The public health significance of the occurrence of anthropozoonotic Salmonellae in food animals as well as the hazard of consumption of bile are discussed. PMID- 7045003 TI - Iridocapsular intraocular lenses and extracapsular cataract surgery. PMID- 7045004 TI - Posterior chamber lens implantation. PMID- 7045005 TI - Preoperative cataract evaluation: endothelial cell evaluation. PMID- 7045006 TI - The use of Healon in intraocular lens implantation. PMID- 7045007 TI - Prevention and management of corneal decompensation. AB - While the chances of corneal decompensation following lens implantation are low, they are greater than in nonimplant cataract surgery and increase with the passage of time postoperatively. All the factors leading to corneal decompensation are not known, but available evidence suggests the most significant is trauma at the time of surgery. The likelihood of corneal decompensation can be limited by careful patient selection and surgical techniques and by appropriate management of postoperative complications. In the event of irreversible corneal decompensation, penetrating keratoplasty, with or without removal of the implant lens, offers a substantial chance of visual rehabilitation. PMID- 7045008 TI - Mechanical and design considerations in lens implantation. PMID- 7045009 TI - Immunological aspects of intraocular lenses. PMID- 7045010 TI - Preoperative cataract evaluation: intraocular lens power calculation. PMID- 7045011 TI - Anterior chamber lens implantation today. PMID- 7045012 TI - Iris clip lens implantation. PMID- 7045013 TI - Prostate carcinoma of the Nb rat in relation to hormones. PMID- 7045014 TI - The structural basis for immunity in the respiratory tract. PMID- 7045015 TI - Infection of the abdominal cavity and chronic peritoneal dialysis. AB - Peritoneal dialyses have been performed in 1072 instances by the manual infusion technique in 16 patients with chronic renal failure, during a period of 2 years. Among the intraabdominal bacterial cultures done before each dialysis, 79 were positive, and peritonitis developed in 7 cases. As related to the total number of dialyses, these figures represent 7.37 and 0.65 per cent, respectively. Local intraabdominal applications has been found to reduce the hazard of peritonitis. Increased frequency of dialyses and combined antibiotic therapy proved curative to peritonitis. The results of the bacterial cultures indicate that in case of intraabdominal infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, acetate-containing dialysing fluids should be given preference. PMID- 7045016 TI - Systematic studies with amoxapine, a new antidepressant. AB - Amoxapine, a tricyclic dibenzoxazepine is an antidepressant which in the dosage range of 150-300 mg/day is notable for its rapid onset of action. Because of the rather long, approximately 30-hour, half-life of 8-hydroxyamoxapine, the active metabolite of amoxapine, the possibility was raised that amoxapine therapy may be carried out with single daily dosages. Such a dosage schedule may improve compliance and, if appropriately timed, decrease perception of some of the unwanted effects of the drug. To test the hypothesis that there may be no disadvantages and perhaps even advantages of a once-a-day regimen as compared to a divided dosage schedule, a 6-week double-blind clinical trial was carried out in 35 hospitalized patients with major (18 patients) and minor (17 patients) depressive disorders. While no statistically significant difference was found in overall therapeutic and adverse effects between the groups treated with single or divided daily doses, onset of therapeutic effect appeared a bit faster in the group treated with single daily doses. Of particular relevance for drugs which can be given in single daily doses is their effect on psychomotor performance tests. In view of the findings that a once-a-day dosage regimen with amoxapine may have advantages over divided daily doses, a second study was carried out in which the effects of amoxapine (50 and 100 mg) were compared to an inactive placebo and amitriptyline (50 mg) with and without ethanol in 8 normal male volunteers. The study was double-blind and followed a latin square design. Since the effects of amoxapine on motor reflex, visual-motor coordination and depth perception did not differ significantly from placebo, the results suggest that the effects of amoxapine on the performances measured are clinically insignificant. No significant interaction with ethanol was noted. PMID- 7045017 TI - A collaborative study of a new antidepressant, viloxazine, in neurotic and endogenous depressives. AB - In a multicenter series of trials, viloxazine was compared with imipramine, amitriptyline, doxepin and placebo in 123 neurotic and endogenous depressive inpatients and outpatients. While significant period effects reflecting improvement were obtained on the majority of efficacy variables, no significant differences were obtained among the treatment groups or depressive types. Imipramine and amitriptyline exhibited more anticholinergic adverse reactions; while, viloxazine exhibited greater CNS effects. Dizziness and nausea were much more frequent in neurotic depressives which may be related to their psychopathology. PMID- 7045018 TI - Antidepressant effect of Ro 11-1163, a new MAO inhibitor. AB - In an open clinical trial, Ro 11-1163, a newly developed MAO inhibitor, was given to 11 depressed patients, in a flexible dose, for 6 weeks. The clinical effect was measured on the 3rd day and at weekly intervals using the Hamilton and the Beck rating scales for depression and an overall self-assessment. A marked antidepressant effect was observed in almost all cases, which became evident as early as the 2nd day and resulted in complete remission in most patients at the end of the treatment period, with doses ranging between 100 and 400 mg/day. No serious side effects were noted, except for a transient agitation and insomnia. A battery of clinical and laboratory tests also failed to reveal any marked change during treatment. The results suggest that Ro 11-1163 is an effective antidepressant that has to be further evaluated by double-blind clinical trials. PMID- 7045019 TI - [Clinical therapeutic trials: introduction to the topic]. PMID- 7045020 TI - [Controlled clinical studies: principles--indications--alternatives]. PMID- 7045021 TI - [Case number estimation and in-between evaluation]. PMID- 7045022 TI - [Clinical aspects of the practical implementation of therapy studies]. PMID- 7045023 TI - [Informed consent--psychological viewpoints]. PMID- 7045024 TI - [Controlled drug trials from the forensic view point. Admissibility criteria of the drug law]. PMID- 7045025 TI - [Task and execution method of an ethics committee with the example of the Tubingen Ethics Committee]. PMID- 7045026 TI - [Stress dyspnea, hypoxemia and polycythemia after penetrating lung injury 35 years ago]. PMID- 7045027 TI - [Captopril in renal artery stenoses and renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7045028 TI - Mechanisms of allograft rejection of corneal endothelium. AB - The local intraocular graft-vs.-host (GVH) reaction, involving the destruction of the corneal endothelial cells of the rabbit host by sensitized donor lymphoid cells, has been used to study the mechanism of corneal allograft rejection. Pretreatment of donor cells with a specific mouse monoclonal hybridoma anti-T cell antibody and complement suppresses the destructive reaction, suggesting that a cellular-immune mechanism is primarily involved. Pretreatment of donor cells with mitomycin-C completely abolishes the local GVH reaction, indicating that the effector lymphocytes must undergo mitosis within the eye before they can engage in target cell destruction. Finally, studies of the local GVH reaction in irradiated leukopenic recipients or in preinflamed rabbit eyes suggest that host leukocytes may contribute nonspecifically to enhance the destructive process. These studies show that the local ocular GVH reaction may provide a useful model for the study of the mechanisms involved in the rejection of corneal allografts. PMID- 7045029 TI - Molecular biology in medicine. PMID- 7045030 TI - The primary structure of human erythrocyte copper/zinc superoxide dismutase: cleavage with Staphylococcus aureus protease, determination of the N-terminal blocking group and location of the disulfide bond. AB - Results obtained after digestion of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from human erythrocytes with S. aureus protease are described. In particular, peptides soluble in alkaline conditions proved essential for completing the determination of the primary structure of the enzyme; other peptides were important for establishing the amidation state of dicarboxylic amino acid residues and for confirming controversial sequences. The human enzyme is acetylated at the NH2 terminus and contains an intrasubunit disulfide bond connecting half-cystine residues 57 and 146. PMID- 7045031 TI - Neglect after right unilateral thalamotomy. A case report. PMID- 7045033 TI - Review: oral contraceptives and menopausal estrogens in relation to breast neoplasia. PMID- 7045032 TI - Urinary oligosaccharides in lysosomal and other metabolic disorders. PMID- 7045034 TI - Screening of urinary pathogens obtained from catheterized patients for mannose specific lectin: clinical implications. AB - The adherence of bacteria to the uroepithelium is mediated partially by a lectin present on the bacterial surface and can be blocked by mannose derivatives. The presence of the bacterial lectin was sought in the urine of 170 catheterized patients. Sixty-one percent of the isolated Escherichia coli, 55% of the isolated Klebsiella sp. and 11% of the isolated Proteus sp. agglutinated yeast cells and thus had lectin on their surfaces. In most instances the agglutination could be blocked by mannose. Lectin-bearing E. coli were significantly more sensitive to cephalothin and sulfamexazole-trimethoprim than the other isolates, and they were isolated from the urine of patients who were catheterized for shorter periods of time (mean 4.0 days) and who had not received antibiotics or short antibiotic courses. PMID- 7045035 TI - Effect of turbine dental drill noise on dentists' hearing. AB - The effect of high-speed dental turbines on dentists' hearing was investigated. The two types of dental turbines used most commonly in the Tel Aviv area and their average time of daily use were established by means of questionnaires. The noise pressure level of these turbines at a distance of 30.0 cm was measured. Twenty subjects were exposed to the turbine noise for a period equal to the average time of the drill's daily use. The noise pressure levels of the turbines were found to be nonhazardous by the accepted damage-risk criteria. The temporary threshold shifts of the subjects exposed were nil or insignificant. It was concluded that the risk of damage to the dentist's hearing due to dental turbine noise in the normal course of a working day is slight. PMID- 7045036 TI - Unmasking of isolated hypoaldosteronism after renal allotransplantation in familial Mediterranean fever. AB - A patient with familial Mediterranean fever and renal amyloidosis was maintained on intermittent hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. After renal allotransplantation, he became weak, lost 12 kg in weight over 7 wk, and developed marked orthostatic hypotension. His symptomatic volume depletion responded dramatically to i.v. 0.9% NaCl. Metabolic balance studies showed that he was in negative Na balance (on a 44 mEq/24 h Na diet, he excreted 71 mEq/24 h in his urine), which was corrected by mineralocorticoid therapy. Renin aldosterone studies demonstrated a hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism with normal glucocorticoid secretion. The patient probably suffered from amyloidosis selectively involving the glomerulosa zone of his adrenal cortices. While on dialysis he was anuric and therefore not volume depleted, but after successful renal allotransplantation the diuresis of the functioning kidney unmasked his mineralocorticoid deficiency which manifested as symptomatic volume depletion. PMID- 7045037 TI - Prostaglandin inhibition and cerebrovascular control in patients with headache. PMID- 7045038 TI - The NHS in an international setting. PMID- 7045039 TI - Group B streptococci (GBS) in the upper respiratory tract of schoolchildren. PMID- 7045040 TI - [History of the University Dermatology Clinic in Essen]. PMID- 7045041 TI - [What's new in American dermatology]. PMID- 7045042 TI - [The SPHA technic (solid phase hemadsorption) in syphilis serology. A year's experience in routine laboratory procedure]. AB - The first results in routine syphilis serology with the new solid-phase hemadsorption assay (SPHA) are presented. Sera (63019) were screened by the VDRL test and by the automated hemagglutination assay with Treponema pallidum antigen (AMHA-TP). Samples reactive to one or both of these tests were further examined by the FTA-ABS test, the IgM-FTA-ABS test, the 19S IgM-FTA-ABS test (IgM-FTA-ABS test performed with the 19S fraction of the serum after gelfiltration) and the IgM-SPHA test. IgM-SPHA reactive sera derived from patients who were in the early stage or in the phase of latency (of undefinable duration), further from patients with active neurosyphilis and from 26 patients after reinfection. Erroneous results in the IgM-FTA-ABS test caused by a competitive inhibition of IgM by IgG can be eliminated by the IgM-SPHA method. The agreement between 19S IgM-FTA-ABS test and IgM-SPHA test is above 96.3%. As compared to the fluorescence test, the IgM-SPHA test is simpler to perform and can be easily automated. PMID- 7045043 TI - Historical note. Elizabeth Rona 1890-1981. PMID- 7045044 TI - Malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland: a clinicopathologic study. AB - This study reviews 21 cases of thyroid lymphoma diagnosed between 1969 and 1980. The thyroid gland was the primary site in all but two cases. The 20 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma had a mean age of 66 years, 75% were women, and all were Caucasian. A rapidly growing thyroid mass with hoarseness, dysphagia, and difficulty in breathing was the initial finding. Most patients had diffuse histiocytic lymphomas. Associated Hashimoto thyroiditis was found histologically in 57% of the cases. Using the immunoperoxidase stain method on tissue sections, intracytoplasmic monoclonal immunoglobulin was demonstrated in 5 of 15 cases. All but two patients received radiation therapy, and 13 received chemotherapy. The median survival was 8 months; 20% died of unrelated causes and 32% are alive (average duration: 27 months). Dissemination, after local control by radiation therapy, was the leading cause of death. The prognosis was better in men, in patients under the age of 65 years, and in those patients who, on biopsy, did not have involvement of the extrathyroid soft tissue or regional lymph nodes. PMID- 7045045 TI - Augmentation rib grafting to the inferior border of the mandible. PMID- 7045046 TI - Interactive computerized patient education. PMID- 7045047 TI - The evolution of XY females in mammals. AB - Some lemmings have a large proportion of XY females in the population, as well as XX females and XY males. In this paper we first review the biological literature on XY females in mammals, with particular emphasis on the genetics and cytogenetics of this trait. We then consider population genetics models of the behaviour of this trait, and we show that there are serious discrepancies between predictions and observations regarding the sex ratio and the frequency of XY females; in several lemming populations the reported sex ratio is lower and XY females are more common than expected. Finally we consider evolutionary models to understand why XY females persist in these populations and how selection might act on other parts of the reproductive biology to modify the system. PMID- 7045048 TI - Racial differences in the incidence of steroid diabetes in renal transplant patients. PMID- 7045049 TI - Application of the optical Fourier transform for analysis of the spatial distribution of collagen fibers in normal and osteopetrotic bone tissue. AB - Optical Fourier analysis was applied for evaluation of the differences between normal and pathologically changed bone tissue. Collagen fibers were used as markers of bone structure. To prove the usefulness of this technique for objective mathematical analysis of these differences the spatial spatial distribution of collagen fiber bundles was evaluated in normal and osteopetrotic bone. The variation in the spatial distribution of collagen fiber bundles in cross sections of femur diaphyses was evaluated quantitatively by optical diffraction three groups of Fatty Orl-op strain rats, i.e. phenotypically normal animals, osteopetrotic (op/op) mutants and op/op-mutants cured by transplantation of normal syngenic bone marrow. The histological sections of decalcified bone were stained with Sirus-Red and then photographed under polarizing microscope. The Sirus-Red staining was used to enhance the natural birefringency of collagen fibers. Diffractograms obtained from microphotographs of selected bone section areas, i.e. outer and inner circumferential lamellae and haversian bone of normal and cured op/op animals as well as whole cortical bone and woven bone filling the medullary cavities in op/op mutants were analysed separately. Diffractograms contain summarized information on the size and relative position of these structures in histological sections. The radial and angular distribution of light energy were evaluated for each diffractogram with an electronic detector. The obtained distributions were described by several sets of parameters concerning the position, level and shape of local maxima and minima. Out of these parameters five with the highest discriminant power were chosen for further mathematical analysis. This analysis was based on the calculation of the position of centroids in the multidimensional space described by the linear functions of the chosen parameters for each of the evaluated bone section areas. The centroids (mean values of discriminant scores of each group) represent the centers of gravity of the analysed groups, while the separation of the centroids tested by the F-test illustrates the differences between the respective groups of selected bone section areas. A high level of separation of centroids was found when osteopetreotic bone was compared with normal one, what means that the spatial distribution, size and interstructural distances between the collagen fiber bundles in bone tissue in these two groups of animals differ markedly. A similar situation was observed when osteopetrotic bone was compared with bone tissue obtained from op/op mutants cured by transplantation of normal syngenic bone marrow. On the other hand, the level of separation of centroids was low when bone tissue of cured op/op mutants was compared with the control one, a finding which corresponds to the less pronounced histological differences between these two groups of animals. Computer-aided classification on single microphotographs of selected bone section areas to the known a priori type of bone tissue was performed... PMID- 7045050 TI - Peptidases in the kidney and urine of rats after castration. AB - The localization of various peptidases in the renal section of the rat was investigated histochemically, and their activities were determined fluorometrically in renal homogenate. The membrane-bound peptidases aminopeptidase A (APA), aminopeptidase M (APM), gamma-glutamyl-transferase (gamma GT), dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DAP IV), and the lysosomal dipeptidyl peptidases I (DAP I) and II (DAP II) were investigated in male and female (estrus) rats both before and 30 days after castration. In addition, protein excretion and APA, APM, DAP I and DAP IV activities were measured in the urine of these animals. Histochemically, the membrane-bound peptidases are demonstrable mainly in the brush borders of the proximal tubules. In addition, APA and DAP IV are found in the glomeruli, gamma-GT and DAP IV in the thin descending limbs of the loops of Henle, and gamma-GT in the basal labyrinth of the S2 and S3 segments. The lysosomal peptidases are most concentrated in the S1 and S2 segments of the proximal tubule, in the distal tubule, and in certain cells of the connecting tubule and collecting duct, where they are contained in lysosomes of varying size. Sex differences and castration effects are demonstrable both histochemically and biochemically for the investigated peptidases. Histochemically these effects are most pronounced in the S3 segments for the membrane-bound peptidases, and in the lysosomes of the proximal tubule for the lysosomal peptidases. Biochemical tests in controls show significantly higher lysosomal peptidase activities in the renal homogenate of females than of males. After castration the lysosomal peptidase activities in males increase, approaching those of females. This appears to have bearing on the sex-dependent proteinuria in rats, for lysosomal peptidases and proteinases are particularly important in the degradation of filtered proteins that are reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. In females high lysosomal peptidase activities correlate with a low proteinuria, while males demonstrate lower lysosomal peptidase activities and a significantly higher proteinuria than females. After castration, the lysosomal peptidase activities and proteinuria in males approach those in females. Renal peptidases are also excreted in the urine, again with sex differences, and so these excreted peptidases contribute to the proteinuria in rats. PMID- 7045051 TI - [Ameloblastomas of the maxilla (author's transl)]. AB - Ameloblastomas of the maxilla usually arise in persons in the middle of their lives and do not show any predominance in sex distribution. Six case reports and a review of the literature demonstrate that the tumor mostly causes unspecific symptoms and therefore is often only diagnosed very late. In the majority of cases the initial treatment was irradiation or limited surgery, assuming that the ameloblastoma is a benign, non-metastasizing tumor. In such cases the tumor tends to recur repeatedly and the disease becomes early incurable by local growth. Therefore ameloblastomas of the maxilla have to be treated by radical surgery, usually maxillectomy, from the very beginning like malignant tumors. PMID- 7045052 TI - [Hearing mechanisms in dolphins and baleen whales (author's transl)]. AB - Dolphins have the most highly developed acoustical system in nature. They are not only able to hear far into the realm of ultrasound, but they have also developed a magnificent echolocation system. Baleen whales, on the other hand, are specialists for extremely low frequencies, without echolocation. In order to overcome technical problems it was necessary to drastically alter the construction of the hearing organ, of the entire skull, and even the skin. A short review of the current knowledge is presented, along with a discussion of the biotechnology involved. PMID- 7045053 TI - Effects of acute and chronic exposure to nicotine aerosol on bronchial reactivity to inhaled methacholine. AB - Normal baboons, like humans, demonstrate a wide range of bronchial reactivity to inhaled methacholine. Cigarette-smoking baboons demonstrate reduced bronchial reactivity to inhaled methacholine compared with sham-smoking controls after 6 pack-yr of smoking. To evaluate the role of nicotine in this blunting of airway reactivity, we studied the effects of both acute and chronic nicotine inhalation on reactivity to methacholine in baboons. Inhalation of 2 mg of nicotine had no acute effect on lung function but blunted bronchial reactivity in highly reactive animals. This effect was not diminished after daily inhalation of nicotine for 90 days. Marked interindividual differences in bronchial reactivity to methacholine were not abolished by propranolol, suggesting that factors other than beta adrenergic tone account for this intersubject variability. PMID- 7045054 TI - Canine mycoplasmas: their ecologic niche and role in disease. PMID- 7045055 TI - Partial resection and anastomosis of the large colon in a horse. PMID- 7045056 TI - Split-thickness autogenous skin transplantation in the horse. AB - Single or multiple split-thickness autogenous skin transplants were applied to 20 limb wounds of 17 horses. The surface area of the wounds ranged from 25 to 200 sq cm. Grafts 0.635-mm thick were collected by use of an electric dermatome and were expanded on a mesh dermatome. The expanded mesh grafts were applied to wounds on 3 horses 4 days after injury. For the other 14 horses, grafts were applied after a granulation tissue bed had formed. The grafts were secured to the recipient beds with sutures and a dressing composed of a foam pad and elastic adhesive tape or with the dressing alone. Further protection was provided by a plaster cast or bulky cotton bandage. Graft acceptance ranged from 50% to 100%, with an average of 88%. Epithelialization was complete within 14 to 21 days in most cases. Grafts with greater than 60% acceptance resulted in a healed wound that was considered cosmetically acceptable. PMID- 7045057 TI - Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs with diarrhea. AB - Antimicrobial sensitivities were determined for 1,037 Escherichia coli isolates cultured from the intestines of pigs with diarrhea. In vitro resistance by at least 1 isolate of E coli was demonstrated to each antimicrobial tested. Isolates from suckling pigs were more often resistant to chloramphenicol than were those from weaned pigs. Significantly more E coli from weaned pigs were resistant to kanamycin and neomycin than were those from suckling pigs. Escherichia coli that were the primary cause of diarrhea (colibacillosis isolates) were significantly more resistant to kanamycin, neomycin, and spectinomycin than were noncolibacillosis isolates. The opposite was true for ampicillin. PMID- 7045058 TI - Pharyngeal abscess with lymphoid hyperplasia in a dairy cow. PMID- 7045059 TI - Nutrition and the immune response. PMID- 7045060 TI - Valvular bacterial endocarditis in the dog. PMID- 7045061 TI - Theodore Flournoy-a friend indeed. PMID- 7045062 TI - Anatomy and physiology of the gerbil cochlear nucleus: an improved surgical approach for microelectrode studies. AB - A new, improved surgical approach to the cochlear nucleus is developed in the gerbil. This new approach involves making a small hole in the lateral wall of the temporal bone located within the perimeter of the superior semicircular canal. Microelectrodes are passed through the intact parafloccular lobe of the cerebellum to the cochlear nucleus. One advantage of the new approach is that no removal of any CNS vasculature or neural tissue is necessary. Relations between the bulla, temporal bone and cochlear nucleus are presented in detail. The new approach is demonstrated by making single unit recordings from the cochlear nucleus and classifying response patterns as measured in PST histograms. All of the response types found in cat are found in the gerbil. PMID- 7045063 TI - The role of insulin-receptor interactions in regulation of nutrient utilization by skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: a review. AB - Animal growth is a direct function of tissue growth. Tissue growth in turn is dependent upon the rate and extent of hypertrophy and hyperplasia of cells comprising the respective tissues. Cellular enlargement occurs as the result of nutrient uptake by the cell and the balance between anabolic and catabolic processes that regulate accretion of component and structural material of the cell. It is quite clear that the availability, uptake and intracellular metabolism of nutrients are markedly affected by the endocrine system. This review discusses the role of insulin-receptor interactions in the regulation of nutrient uptake and utilization by myofibers and adipocytes. Binding of insulin to specific receptors on the plasma membrane of target cells is important because of its role in mediation of hormone action. Although insulin binding is essential for hormone action, binding may not represent the rate-limiting step on the action of insulin. Recent evidence suggests that insulin is internalized by target cells. However, the physiological role of insulin internalization has not been elucidated. A better understanding of the basic mechanisms by which insulin and other hormones regulate nutrient utilization by skeletal muscle and adipose tissue during growth may lead to improvements in growth rates and the efficiency with which dietary components are used for tissue growth. PMID- 7045064 TI - Behavioral stress and skeletal muscle glycogen metabolism in young bulls. AB - Friesian bulls were penned with an established group of bulls for 6 h. This mixing procedure normally resulted in an intense behavioral interaction between the established herd and each of the newly introduced experimental animals. Muscle needle biopsy samples and blood samples were taken before stress and at intervals during the recovery period. Stressed bulls showed increases over controls in body temperature (P less than .001), heart rate (P less than .001), serum nonesterified fatty acids (P less than .05) and plasma creatine kinase (P less than .01). Muscle glycogen content fell during stress to 41% of the value for the control animals (P less than .001). On the first day of the recovery period, the glycogen content increased slightly, to 45% of the mean control value, and on d 2 it increased substantially, to 70%. A significant difference existed between experimental and control groups until d 7 of the recovery period. Blood glucose did not differ significantly between the control and experimental groups immediately after stress or during the recovery period. Muscle glucose-6 phosphate was lower in the experimental animals immediately after stress (P less than .01) and also on d 1 of recovery (P less than .05). Plasma immunoreactive insulin remained close to 40 microunits/ml in both groups, except on the day after stress, when it was below (P less than .05) the prestress value. The results show that substantial muscle glycogen breakdown occurred during the period of behavioral stress and that recovery to resting values was a comparatively slow process. It was concluded that the inherently lower blood glucose concentration and insulin activity in cattle than in nonruminant species may reduce glucose availability in cattle and thereby delay muscle glycogen recovery. PMID- 7045065 TI - Induced corpora lutea in the postpartum beef cow. I. Comparison of gonadotropin releasing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin and effects of progestogen and estrogen. PMID- 7045066 TI - Outer membrane composition in Escherichia coli and the poor activity of hydrophobic antibiotics against enteric bacteria. PMID- 7045067 TI - Science and public policy. PMID- 7045068 TI - 75th anniversary note. In celebration of the 75th birthday of "allergy". PMID- 7045069 TI - In memoriam Israel Friedman (1906-1980). PMID- 7045070 TI - Evidence for two genetically distinct DNA primase activities specified by plasmids of the B and I incompatibility groups. AB - Plasmid ColIb-P9 of the I alpha incompatibility group is known to encode a DNA primase that acts in the conjugal transfer of the plasmid and can substitute for mutant dnaG gene product in vegetative replication of the Escherichia coli chromosome. The relevant genetic determinant (sog) has previously been cloned into a small multicopy vector plasmid. Prototype IncB plasmid R16 also suppresses host dnaG mutations. The equivalent gene(s) (pri) of R16 was cloned into plasmid pBR325 and shown by filter hybridization studies to be different from the ColI primase gene(s). The cloned fragment carrying the pri determinant encoded an enzyme which could initiate DNA synthesis in vitro on single-stranded phage M13 DNA template, but which was antigenically distinct from ColI primase. We used the cloned primase genes as probes in colony hybridization screening of strains carrying plasmids of the IncI complex and IncB group. Plasmids R64, R144 (I alpha), R621a (I gamma), RIP72, and R864a (B) contained nucleotide sequences homologous with the cloned ColI sog genes. Plasmids R805 (I xi), R724, (I delta), TP125, and PLG101 (B) showed sequence homology with the R16 pri determinant. PMID- 7045071 TI - Isolation and behavior of Escherichia coli deletion mutants lacking chemotaxis functions. AB - Six Escherichia coli che loci (cheA,-B,-R,-W,-Y, and Z) are located in two adjacent operons that map at minute 42 on the chromosome. Point mutants defective in any of these six functions have aberrant swimming patterns and are generally nonchemotactic. Deletions within the two major che gene operons were isolated in order to examine epistatic interactions among these genes. We first constructed a specialized transducing phage (lambda che22), which carries both of the che operons and their associated promoters. Deleted lambda che22 derivatives were selected by chelating agent inactivation, and these derivatives were characterized by mapping them against a series of host strains with point mutations. Representative nonpolar deletions were then transferred into the E. coli chromosome by homologous recombination. Although the phenotype of cheR mutants (smooth swimming) was expected to be epistatic to that of cheB mutants (tumbly swimming), we found that deletion mutants lacking both of these functions exhibited frequent directional changes or tumbling episodes as they swam. An examination of larger deletions indicated that both the cheA-cheW and cheY-cheZ functions were required for the anomalous tumbling behavior observed in these mutants. Loss of the cheB function was also correlated with an inverted behavioral response to sodium acetate, a strong repellent of wild-type cells. These findings indicate that an important component of the signal transducing machinery may be altered in cheB mutants. PMID- 7045072 TI - A regulatory gene (use) affecting the expression of pyrA and certain other pyrimidine genes. AB - The use-1 mutation in Salmonella typhimurium confers a complex and pleiotrophic phenotype which is primarily characterized as a temperature-dependent sensitivity to uracil. This sensitivity can be reversed by arginine or citrulline, but not by ornithine, suggesting that the use-1 mutation affects the synthesis or the activity (or both) of carbamoylphosphate synthetase or ornithine carbamoyltransferase (or both). Activity measurements showed that use-1 caused superrepression of both of these enzymes, especially when uracil was present in the medium. Dihydro-orotase and dihydro-orotate oxidase were also superrepressed, but aspartate carbamoyltransferase and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase were not. Lowered nucleotide triphosphate and guanosine tetra- and pentaphosphate pools in use-1 strains indicated that the mutation affected synthesis or breakdown of all of these phosphorylated compounds, but the UTP pool increased by a larger relative factor in use-1 strains in the presence of uracil. The uracil sensitive phenotype of the use-1 mutation is a complex response to several environmental factors: temperature, aerobiosis, carbon sources, and uracil concentration. Uracil sensitivity was eliminated by alteration of one or more of these factors. Uracil sensitivity was suppressed by several genetic alterations. These include introduction into use-1 strains of a multi-copy ColE1 derivative which carries the structural gene(s) for carbamoylphosphate synthetase, episomes that carry use, mutations including argR and pyrH, and various unclassified intergenic suppressor mutations. These genetic changes increased significantly the expression of carbamoylphosphate synthetase or ornithine carbamoyltransferase (or both). The activity of use-1 is not known, but the facts that it altered expression of at least four unlinked genes (pyrA, pyrC, pyrD, and argI) and that the Escherichia coli F'133 complemented it establish it as a trans-acting regulatory factor. PMID- 7045073 TI - Isolation and characterization of purine regulatory mutants of Salmonella typhimurium with an episomal purE-lac fusion. AB - Expression of the purE operon of Salmonella typhimurium was analyzed by using an Escherichia coli F' episome containing a purE-lac fusion. The fusion removes the lacOP and part of the lacZ genes of the lac operon and places the intact lacY and lacA genes under control of the purE operon as shown by inhibition of growth on melibiose (lacY) and repression of thiogalactoside transacetylase (lacA) by various purines. Two classes of regulatory-deficient mutants were found among those resistant to inhibition by purines. One class was trans active (chromosomal) and corresponded to previously described purR mutants involving a deficient cytoplasmic repressor substance. These were also altered in the expression of the purF, purD, purG amd purI genes as evidenced by loss of repressibility of the synthesis of glycinamide ribotide and aminoimidazole ribotide. The other class was cis active (episomal), specific for only purE expression, and thus corresponded to an altered purE operon signal (operator or promoter). The metabolic requirements for the expression of purE were also monitored by measuring repression of the transacetylase in strains with various genetically altered metabolic backgrounds. Repression by guanine required an intact guanine phosphorbosyltransferase (gpt) and repression by adenine and all nucleosides required purine nucleoside phosphorylase (deoD). Synthesis of cyclic AMP (cya) and its receptor protein (crp) were no longer required for the expression of the lac genes under purE control. PMID- 7045074 TI - Effects of the ssb-1 and ssb-113 mutations on survival and DNA repair in UV irradiated delta uvrB strains of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The molecular defect in DNA repair caused by ssb mutations (single-strand binding protein) was studied by analyzing DNA synthesis and DNA double-strand break production in UV-irradiated Escherichia coli delta uvrB strains. The presence of the ssb-113 mutation produced a large inhibition of DNA synthesis and led to the formation of double-strand breaks, whereas the ssb-1 mutation produced much less inhibition of DNA synthesis and fewer double-strand breaks. We suggest that the single-strand binding protein plays an important role in the replication of damaged DNA, and that it functions by protecting single-stranded parental DNa opposite daughter-strand gaps from nuclease attack. PMID- 7045075 TI - lac Transcription in Escherichia coli cells treated with chloramphenicol. AB - When protein synthesis was blocked by chloramphenicol in vivo, transcription initiation of lac mRNA was severely inhibited. In a promoter mutant (L8-UV5) or in wild-type cells supplemented with adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (greater than or equal to 5 mM), nearly normal initiation could be achieved, and when the mRNA chains formed were extracted, they coded for the 5'-terminal alpha-peptide of the lacZ gene in vitro. However, even under such conditions, only a fraction of RNA polymerases proceeded to the end of the Z gene in the presence of chloramphenicol; as a consequence, a wide range of sizes of mRNA was produced, and very few transcripts were formed all the way to the natural termination site of the operon. In other words, premature transcription termination occurred in chloramphenicol-treated cells, as current models predict, but terminations occurred to variable extents at several intragenic sites and apparently at least one intergenic site. Termination at intragenic sites occurred far less in cells bearing a mutation in the transcription termination factor rho. PMID- 7045076 TI - Chromosomal mutation for citrate utilization by Escherichia coli K-12. AB - A mutant strain of Escherichia coli K-12 that utilizes citrate as a sole source of carbon and energy was isolated. Citrate utilization arose as the consequence of two mutations in genes citA and citB, which are linked to the gal operon. The mutant strain expresses a semiconstitutive citrate transport system, and it utilizes both citrate and isocitrate as carbon and energy sources. It is capable of utilizing cis- and trans-aconitate, but only if it is preinduced by growth on citrate. PMID- 7045077 TI - Cloning of the ilvA538 gene coding for feedback-hypersensitive threonine deaminase from Escherichia coli K-12. AB - A variety of experimental results implicate the ilvA gene product, threonine deaminase, as an autoregulatory protein that affects the expression of its own gene and those coding for some related proteins. Some of the most direct evidence comes from the analysis of mutations in the ilvA gene with pleiotropic genetic regulatory effects. The most extensively documented mutation, ilvA538, lowers the expression of and abolishes repression control of the ilvGEDA transcription unit. A pleiotropic effect of the ilvA538 mutation, which may be either incidental or mechanistically related to the loss of repression control, renders threonine deaminase feedback hypersensitive to the inhibition of catalytic activity by the pathway end product, isoleucine. We transferred this mutation to lambda dilv phage and pBR322 derivatives. Direct enzyme assay of the plasmid- and phage-coded ilvA538 gene product in delta ilv hosts confirmed the feedback hypersensitivity of the enzyme product. In conjunction with the ilvG671 (phenotype, ILvG+ Valr; previously designated ilvO671) allele located in cis, high levels of the plasmid and lambda dilv phage-coded mutant enzyme suitable for protein purification were observed. Deletion mapping experiments with lambda dilv phage confirmed that the ilvA538 mutation, and not mutations promoter proximal to ilvD (transcription is from ilvG to ilvA), confer a loss of repression control. These genetic mapping studies indicate, however, that an additional mutation(s) may be present that contributes, at least in part, to the reduced enzyme levels in strains with the ilvA538 mutation. PMID- 7045078 TI - Mutations releasing mitochondrial biogenesis from glucose repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Mutants which exhibit a constitutive glucose-insensitive expression of respiratory activity were selected by use of a triphenyltetrazolium staining technique. These mutants lack carbon catabolite repression, as was demonstrated by measuring cytochromes, the activity of succinate cytochrome c reduction, total cellular respiration, mitochondrial protein, and DNA synthesis. High growth rates of mutant cells in glucose medium and normal fermentative CO2 production exclude the possibility that this carbon catabolite insensitivity of mitochondrial functions is merely due to a decreased utilization of glucose. Accordingly, the activities of the two cytoplasmic enzymes measured, maltase and malate synthase, were glucose repressible to the same extent in the mutants as in the wild type. The mutations are dominant and showed nuclear inheritance. The results are discussed in terms of carbon catabolite-regulated expression of genes involved in the biogenesis of mitochondria. PMID- 7045079 TI - Quantitative analysis of the heat shock response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Transient protein synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, after shift from 21-23 degrees C to 37 degrees C, was quantitatively analyzed. Pulse-labeled proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and autoradiograms of the gels were analyzed by a recently described method involving a computer-coupled film scanning system. In this way, the rate of incorporation of L-[35S]methionine into approximately 500 proteins was followed. The synthesis of more than 80 of these proteins was transiently induced at 37 degrees C, with about 20 being classified as major heat shock proteins (defined as those whose rate of labeling was increased at least eightfold at some time during the response). The synthesis of more than 300 of the proteins was transiently repressed at 37 degrees C, and several general temporal patterns of repression could be distinguished. The influence of temperature-sensitive mutations affecting RNA synthesis and transport on the heat shock response was also examined. A protein whose induction in response to heat shock has a post-transcriptional component could be identified. As previously pointed out, the heat shock repression of certain proteins is so rapid that it also must involve post-transcriptional effects. PMID- 7045080 TI - Transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with linear DNA killer plasmids from Kluyveromyces lactis. AB - Protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were mixed with linear DNA plasmids, pGKl1 and pGKl2, isolated from a Kluyveromyces lactis killer strain and treated with polyethylene glycol. Out of 2,000 colonies regenerated on a nonselective medium, two killer transformants were obtained. The pGKl plasmids and the killer character were stably maintained in one (Pdh-1) of them. Another transformant, Pdl-1, was a weak killer, and the subclones consisted of a mixture of weak and nonkiller cells. The weak killers were characterized by the presence of pGKl1 in a decreased amount, and nonkillers were characterized by the absence of pGKl1. The occurrence of two new plasmids which migrated faster than pGKl1 in an agarose gel was observed in Pdl-1 and its subclones, whether weak or nonkillers. Staining with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole revealed that the pGKl plasmids exist in the cytosol of transformant cells with numerous copy numbers. PMID- 7045081 TI - Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system enzyme III and plasmid encoded sucrose transport in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent carbohydrate:phosphotransferase system enzyme IISCR, specific for and regulated by sucrose, was analyzed in derivatives of Escherichia coli K-12 carrying the sucrose plasmid pUR404. Enzyme IIScr, coded for by gene scrA of the plasmid, depended for its transport and phosphorylation activity directly on the phosphotransferase system enzyme IIIGlc, Scr, coded for by the chromosomal gene crr. PMID- 7045082 TI - Effects of growth temperature on ribosomes and other physiological properties of Escherichia coli. AB - The amount of ribosomal protein relative to total protein remained constant when Escherichia coli B/r was grown at different temperatures. Some effects of growth temperature on bacterial physiology are discussed. PMID- 7045083 TI - Novel selection for tetracycline- or chloramphenicol-sensitive Escherichia coli. AB - A method for selecting tetracycline- or chloramphenicol-sensitive Escherichia coli cells from a population of predominantly resistant cells is described. This method depends on the inability of drug-sensitive cells to induce lambda receptors in the presence of chloramphenicol or tetracycline, protein synthesis inhibiting drugs. The addition of bacteriophage lambda vir to a mixture of drug sensitive and drug-resistant cells, induced for lambda receptors in the presence of tetracycline or chloramphenicol, preferentially kills the drug-resistant cells (which are capable of inducing lambda receptors). The result is a culture enriched for the sensitive cells. Several common strains used for transformation were compared for their ability to be selected. E. coli 294 was found to be superior. PMID- 7045084 TI - Synthesis of penicillin-binding protein 6 by stationary-phase Escherichia coli. AB - The level of penicillin-binding protein 6, a D-alanine carboxypeptidase I, was found to be 2- to 10-fold higher in stationary-phase cells than in exponentially growing cells of Escherichia coli. This increase appeared to be due to de novo synthesis rather than to an unmasking of preexisting material. There was no comparable change in the amount of any of the other six penicillin-binding proteins. PMID- 7045085 TI - Identification of the Salmonella typhimurium cysB gene product by two-dimensional protein electrophoresis. AB - Examination of two-dimensional electropherograms of proteins from wild-type Salmonella typhimurium and 16 different cysB strains permitted the identification of a single 34,500-dalton polypeptide chain with a pI of 7.6 that was the product of cysB. Exclusion chromatography indicated that the native cysB protein is a multimer of at least two and probably four or more such subunits. PMID- 7045086 TI - Utilization by Saccharomyces cerevisiae of 5'-methylthioadenosine as a source of both purine and methionine. AB - Cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are normally impermeable to the purine nucleosides adenosine and 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA), a product of polyamine biosynthesis. cordycepin-sensitive, adenosine-utilizing strains of S. cerevisiae were able to use MTA to fulfill an auxotrophic requirement for purine. Cordycepin-sensitive strains carrying a met5 mutation were also able to use MTA as a source of methionine. These MTA-utilizing strains of S. cerevisiae should be useful for metabolic studies of the fate of MTA. PMID- 7045087 TI - Effect of S12 ribosomal mutations on peptide chain elongation in Escherichia coli: a hydrostatic pressure study. AB - Protein synthesis in Escherichia coli mutants that differ from one another in mutations which impart streptomycin resistance was investigated by the application of hydrostatic pressure. Increased pressure resistance was only observed in mutants which exhibited reduced rates of peptide chain elongation. These findings indicate that the major effect of pressure on protein synthesis in E. coli may involve the S12 ribosomal protein. PMID- 7045088 TI - Complementation of the leuB6 allele of Escherichia coli by cloned DNA from Mucor racemosus. AB - A recombinant plasmid, designated pMu leu1, was constructed from Mucor racemosus genomic DNA and Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322. This plasmid complemented the leuB6 mutation of E. coli, apparently by suppression. The plasmid contained two HindIII fragments of approximately 3.0 and 1.7 kilobases. Neither fragment alone exhibited complementing activity. Several proteins were specified by the plasmid, but their role, if any, in complementation is unknown. PMID- 7045089 TI - The treatment of narcotic withdrawal: a historical review. AB - The history of narcotic withdrawal treatment is filled with "cures" enthusiastically received and then quietly dropped when they turned out to be either ineffective, dangerous, or both. Methods reviewed include the Towns Lambert belladonna treatment, sodium thiocyanate, bromide sleep treatment, Narcosan, insulin, autogenous serum, ECT, hibernation, methadone, phenothiazines, propranolol, propoxyphene, acupuncture, vitamin C, and the naloxone flush. There is need to be aware of the psychologic as well as physical aspects of withdrawal. Better detoxification techniques would help patients who are ready to discontinue the use of methadone as well as those who want to start naltrexone treatment. PMID- 7045090 TI - Nomifensine in the treatment of depressed geriatric patients. AB - In a randomized double-blind study, the efficacy and safety of nomifensine and amitriptyline were compared in 33 geriatric patients with endogenous and reactive depression. Significant improvement was noted over the 4-week study period for all groups on the Clinical Global Impression, Hamilton, and Plutchik rating scales. There was significantly more improvement among the patients with reactive depression treated with nomifensine and among the patients with endogenous depression treated with amitriptyline, as assessed by the Plutchik Geriatric Rating Scale. PMID- 7045091 TI - Signal function of metabolism of neutral amino acids and 2-keto acids for initiation of insulin secretion. AB - 2-Ketocaproate and 2-ketoisocaproate were equally potent insulin secretagogues. The insulin secretory potency of L-leucine was less than half of that of the keto acids and L-norleucine did not induce any insulin release by isolated islets and by the perfused pancreas from ob/ob mice. Rates of decarboxylation of 2-keto-[1 14C]isocaproate and of 2-keto-[1-14C]caproate were equally high. The finding is consistent with the view that enhanced production of reducing equivalents is necessary for initiation of insulin release. The rates of decarboxylation and transamination of L-[1-14C]leucine by isolated pancreatic islets were several times higher than the rates observed with L-[1-14C]norleucine. Thus, the high activity of the pancreatic islet branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase may be important for the recognition of L-leucine as an insulin secretagogue by pancreatic B-cells. PMID- 7045092 TI - Stimulation of arterial endothelial cell prostacyclin synthesis by high density lipoproteins. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) is a vasoactive prostaglandin synthesized by vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In order to investigate whether plasma lipoproteins influence the biosynthesis and release of prostacyclin by vascular tissues, human high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were incubated with porcine arterial endothelial cells grown in tissue culture. PGI2 production was measured by radioimmunoassay of its stable metabolite, 6-keto PGF1 alpha. In incubations of HDL with endothelial cells for 24 h, levels of 6 keto-PGF1 alpha in the medium increased significantly in a dose-dependent fashion to values 5-fold above control. This effect was less pronounced in confluent than in subconfluent cultures and did not occur in the presence of an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. No significant stimulation of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was observed when the endothelial cells were incubated with LDL. In time course experiments with HDL, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels increased continuously over 24 h. Rat HDL, containing a high content of arachidonate in its cholesterol ester fatty acids, caused a 2-4-fold greater release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha than human HDL. The delipidated apoprotein of both human and rat HDL caused similar stimulation of 6 keto-PGF1 alpha production, but much less than intact HDL. The data indicate that HDL stimulates PGI2 synthesis by cultured arterial endothelial cells, possibly by providing the cells with arachidonate. PMID- 7045093 TI - Glutaredoxin from calf thymus. Purification to homogeneity. AB - The protein glutaredoxin, required for GSH-dependent ribonucleotide reduction, has been purified to homogeneity from calf thymus. The preparative method consisted of ammonium sulfate precipitation and three chromatography steps on DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-50, and CM-Sepharose. Calf thymus glutaredoxin was assayed on the basis of its inherent GSH-disulfide transhydrogenase activity. Glutaredoxin, purified 3000-fold was demonstrated to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography. It behaved as a neutral or slightly basic molecule having a Mr of around 11,000. The apparent Km value of glutaredoxin with calf thymus ribonucleotide reductase at 4 mM GSH was 6.0 X 10(-7) M. With ribonucleotide reductase from Escherichia coli, calf thymus glutaredoxin had a Km value of 1.9 X 10(-6) M and a molecular activity that was only 10% of that achieved with the calf thymus enzyme. PMID- 7045094 TI - Role of disulfides in the subunit structure of the insulin receptor. Reduction of class I disulfides does not impair transmembrane signalling. AB - The native insulin receptor affinity-labeled by covalent cross-linking to 125I insulin has been proposed to consist of two alpha receptor subunits and two beta receptor subunits all disulfide-linked as a Mr = 350,000 (beta-S-S-alpha)-S-S (alpha-S-S-beta) receptor complex (Massague, J., Pilch, P. F., and Czech, M. P. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 3181-3190). We denote the disulfide bonds linking the two symmetrical (alpha-S-S-beta) receptor halves as class I insulin receptor disulfides, whereas the disulfide bonds linking one alpha receptor subunit to one beta receptor subunit are termed class II disulfides. In the present studies, dithiothreitol added directly to intact rat fat cells or to membranes prepared from rat fat cell, rat liver, or human placenta, reduced the class I disulfides, but not the class II disulfides, of the insulin receptor. Reduction of class I insulin receptor disulfides did not prevent binding of insulin to the insulin receptor. After treatment with dithiothreitol, the number of apparent "high affinity" insulin binding sites was increased in rat fat cells or fat cell membranes but was decreased in rat liver and human placenta membranes. Reduction of class I insulin receptor disulfides did not alter the sensitivity to insulin of glucose oxidation in intact rat fat cells. The resistance of class II disulfides to reduction by dithiothreitol was not affected by solubilization of the membrane structure by Triton X-100. Class II insulin receptor disulfides were fully reduced by dithiothreitol only after denaturation of the insulin receptor by sodium dodecyl sulfate. Class I insulin receptor disulfides were partially reoxidized by an incubation mixture consisting of reduced and oxidized glutathione. When solubilized insulin receptor containing reduced class I disulfides was exposed to ethylene glycol bis(succinimidyl succinate), the receptor subunits were internally cross-linked and migrated like intact receptor complexes on nonreduced dodecyl sulfate gels. We conclude that the (alpha-S-S beta) receptor halves in the partially reduced receptor remain associated by noncovalent interactions and that this receptor structure without class I disulfides remains biologically competent. PMID- 7045095 TI - Formation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide peroxide. AB - Incubation of NADH at neutral and slightly alkaline pH leads to the gradual absorption of 1 mol of H+. This uptake of acid requires oxygen and mainly yields anomerized NAD+ (NAD+), with only minimal formation od acid-modified NADH. The overall stoichiometry of the reaction is: NADH + H+ + 1/2O2 leads to H2O + NAD+, with NADH peroxide (HO2-NADH+) serving as the intermediate that anomerizes and breaks down to give NAD+ and H2O2. The final reaction reaction mixture contains less than 0.1% of the generated H2O2, which is nonenzymically reduced by NADH. The latter reaction is inhibited by catalase, leading to a decrease in the overall rate of acid absorption, and stimulated by peroxidase, leading to an increase in the overall rate of acid absorption. Although oxygen can attack NADH at either N-1 or C-5 of the dihydropyridine ring, the attack appears to occur primarily at N-1. This assignment is based on the inability of the C-5 peroxide to anomerize, whereas the N-1 peroxide, being a quaternary pyridinium compound, can anomerize via reversible dissociation of H2O2. The peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of NADH by H2O2 does not lead to anomerization, indicating that anomerization occurs prior to the release of H2O2. Chromatography of reaction mixtures on Dowex 1 formate shows the presence of two major and several minor neutral and cationic degradation products. One of the major products is nicotinamide, which possibly arises from breakdown of nicotinamide-1-peroxide. The other products have not been identified, but may be derived from other isomeric nicotinamide peroxides. PMID- 7045096 TI - Ordered methylation of the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins of Escherichia coli. AB - The methylation of glutamic acid residues on 3 membrane proteins, MCPI, MCPII, and MCPIII, plays an essential role in the chemotactic response of Escherichia coli. In the absence of a chemotactic stimulus the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) are methylated to a basal level. This level rises to a new plateau when an attractant is added and then falls to its original basal value when the attractant is removed. We have now been able to show that the properties of the glutamic acid residues which become methylated after stimulation with an attractant differ from the properties of the residues methylated on the basal level. Our data imply that there is a preferred order in which those residues are methylated and demethylated. PMID- 7045097 TI - The in vivo distribution of oxidized and reduced thioredoxin in Escherichia coli. AB - The oxidation state of thioredoxin (oxidized or reduced, thioredoxin-S2 or thioredoxin-(SH)2) in Escherichia coli cells including the degree of thiolphosphorylation has been studied. Previously published experiments (Conley, R. R., and Pigiet, V. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 5568-5572) suggested that nearly all (96%) thioredoxin molecules in vivo were thiol phosphorylated in growing cells. We have not been able to isolate any phosphothioredoxin using a variety of experimental conditions. Growth of E. coli cells in the presence of 32P-labeled inorganic phosphate followed by purification of thioredoxin by immunoadsorbent chromatography resulted in co-elution with variable amounts of phosphate. The phosphate was not covalently linked to thioredoxin which was isolated in its oxidized disulfide form. Methods to determine the oxidation state of thioredoxin in extracts and cells were developed. These are based on alkylation of thioredoxin-(SH)2 with excess iodoacetic acid followed by purification of total thioredoxin by immunoadsorbent chromatography. The total quantity of thioredoxin was determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis and the amount of thioredoxin-S2 was measured by its enzymatic activity with thioredoxin reductase. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to separate thioredoxin-S2 and monocarboxymethylated thioredoxin derived from thioredoxin-(SH)2. In crude cell free extracts, most of the thioredoxin (60-90%) is oxidized. In freshly harvested cells that were permeabilized and treated with [14C] iodoacetate, lower values for thioredoxin-S2 (30-40%) were obtained. No phosphothioredoxin (less than 3%) was detectable. PMID- 7045098 TI - Molecular mechanism of promoter selection in gene transcription. I. Development of a rapid mixing-photocrosslinking technique to study the kinetics of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase binding to T7 DNA. AB - A combined rapid mixing-photocrosslinking technique has been developed to investigate the kinetics of the interaction between Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and T7 DNA. The reactants were rapidly mixed in a modified Durrum stopped-flow apparatus, and the intermediates formed at different stages of the binding process were "frozen" by photocrosslinking with a UV light pulse of 10 mus duration at various times after mixing. The results indicate that the initial binding between RNA polymerase and T7 DNA is a diffusion-controlled reaction. Furthermore, the extents of initial contracts with DNA made with the beta, beta', and sigma subunits of RNA polymerase are roughly proportional to the sizes of these subunits, suggesting that complex formation occurs through random collision between the two reactants. After the initial complex formation, the rate of transfer of polymerase between individual DNA molecules is slow, implying that the polymerase molecules are undergoing predominantly intramolecular transfer during the promoter search. From the kinetic studies of subunit-DNA contacts during RNA polymerase binding to T7 DNA, it can be inferred that the beta, beta', and sigma subunits are directly participating in the promoter search process. PMID- 7045099 TI - Molecular mechanism of promoter selection in gene transcription. II. Kinetic evidence for promoter search by a one-dimensional diffusion of RNA polymerase molecule along the DNA template. AB - The rapid mixing-photocrosslinking technique, in conjunction with an immunoprecipitation assay developed to measure the change in the distribution of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase molecules bound to T7 DNA, has been applied to investigate the molecular mechanism of promoter search by RNA polymerase. The binding of RNA polymerase to the DNA template can be divided into at least two steps. The initial binding is rapid and occurs at nonspecific sites randomly distributed throughout the DNA molecule. This is followed by a relatively slow promoter search in which RNA polymerase is transferred from nonspecific sites to promoter sites through a series of intramolecular processes. The rate of polymerase loss from a segment of DNA which does not contain promoter sites is a function of the distance from this segment to both the promoter sites and the ends of the DNA molecule. The kinetic data are consistent with a molecular mechanism in which RNA polymerase undergoes a bidirectional linear diffusion along the DNA template to search for the promoter site. This interpretation is supported by the computer simulation which correctly predicts the relative rates of polymerase loss from various DNA segments. The mechanism derived from these studies is in accordance with the notion that the whole DNA molecule serves as an effective sink for trapping and guiding polymerase molecules during promoter search. PMID- 7045100 TI - Guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) inhibits capping of reovirus mRNA. AB - RNA synthesized by reovirus cores was not capped or methylated when GTP was replaced by guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) [gamma-S]GTP as a reaction substrate. Full length transcripts were synthesized in the presence of [gamma S]GTP which indicated that capping could be dissociated from the process of transcription. Exogenous [gamma-S]GTP was not cleaved by the virion-associated phosphohydrolase and the majority of transcripts contained triphosphorylated 5' termini. [gamma-S]GTP did, however, act as a donor for the capping of RNA chains initiated with GTP. Chromatography on mercury-agarose of products initiated with [gamma-S]GTP resulted in the binding of only the small (14 S) size class of RNA, although transcripts not bound to the affinity column were also thiophosphorylated. PMID- 7045101 TI - The topology of the 30 S ribosomal subunit and a proposal for the surface distribution of its RNA by dark field electron microscopy. AB - A three-dimensional model of the Escherichia coli 30 S ribosome has been derived from an extensive dark field electron microscopic investigation of unstained and unshadowed ribosomes. Subsequent studies of specimens lightly stained with uranyl acetate have added information on the location of regions that preferentially bind uranyl ions and may represent surface RNA. The model is an elongated cone shaped structure 180-200 A long and is divided into identifiable sections: a "head" partly encircled by a collar-like structure, a middle section carrying a 20-A protuberance, and a "tail." A groove separates the middle section from the tail. Uranyl-binding regions can be seen on the protuberance and the collar's ridge, in two bands below the collar and parallel to it, and in a patch on the back of the head. The staining technique described may offer a method for mapping the external nucleic acid of nucleoprotein complexes. PMID- 7045102 TI - Rabbit skeletal muscle calcium-dependent protease requiring millimolar CA2+. Purification, subunit structure, and Ca2+-dependent autoproteolysis. AB - Rabbit skeletal muscle calcium-dependent protease which requires millimolar Ca2+ concentration for activity is a dimer composed of Mr = 73,000 and 30,000 subunits. The subunit structure has been confirmed by co-elution of the two polypeptide bands on Sephadex G-200 chromatography, and by cross-linking the enzyme with dimethyl suberimidate followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-disc gel electrophoresis. Preincubation of the enzyme with p-chloromercuribenzoate prior to nondenaturing electrophoresis resulted in dissociation of the subunits. The rabbit muscle calcium-dependent protease was rapidly inactivated when incubated in the presence of 6 mM Ca2+. The half-life of protease activity at 30 degrees C was independent of protease concentrations over the range of 0.005 to 0.272 mg/ml. The rate of inactivation was not affected by a 270-fold molar excess of a substrate protein succinylated lysozyme. Protease activity also rapidly decreased (t1/2 = 8.4 min) during the assay at 37 degrees C as determined by a decrease in linearity of the time course when substrate was limiting. The rate of protease inactivation during the assay was essentially the same as that observed when the protease was incubated at 37 degrees C in the absence of substrate (t1/2 = 7.2 min). The addition of either leupeptin or the calcium-dependent protease inhibitor protein from dog heart prevented protease inactivation. The protease displayed an increase in activity during the time course of autoproteolysis at 30 degrees C when activity was measured in the presence of 0.2 mM Ca2+ instead of 5 mM Ca2+. PMID- 7045103 TI - Platelet-activating factor stimulates the phosphatidylinositol cycle. Appearance of phosphatidic acid is associated with the release of serotonin in horse platelets. AB - The addition of platelet-activating factor to horse platelets prelabeled with (32P)orthophosphate induces the rapid formation of [32P]phosphatidic acid. This is subsequently followed by a considerable increase in the labeling of phosphatidylinositol. Activation of the formation of phosphatidic acid by platelet-activating factor is evident at a concentration of 1 nM, is maximal at 0.1 microM, and independent of the presence or absence of plasma in the medium. In horse platelets prelabeled with [14C]arachidonic acid, platelet-activating factor stimulates the rapid formation of [14C]phosphatidic acid, [14C]arachidonic acid, and [14C]arachidonate metabolites. Concomitantly, there is a loss of radioactivity from phosphatidylinostiol., phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Platelet-activating factor at a concentration of 1 nM stimulates formation of phosphatidic acid while the appearance of arachidonate metabolites is seen at a higher concentration (10 nM), without acetate in the 2 position, is unable to induce in platelets the formation of phosphatidic acid, arachidonate metabolites, or the release of [3H]serotonin and, in addition, does not antagonize the action of platelet-activating factor. the release of [3H]serotonin and [14C]arachidonate from platelets stimulated with platelet activating factor is not affected by indomethacin. Trifluoperazine (50-100 microM) inhibits the platelet-activating factor-stimulated liberation of arachidonic acid from phospholipids, without affecting the formation of phosphatidic acid and the release of serotonin. Prostacyclin, on the other hand, inhibits the platelet-activating factor-induced release of serotonin, arachidonate metabolites, and formation of phosphatidic acid. These data indicate a close relationship between the formation of phosphatidic acid and the release of serotonin in platelets stimulated with the platelet-activating factor. PMID- 7045104 TI - Enzymatic synthesis, characterization, and metabolism of the coenzyme A ester of o-succinylbenzoic acid, an intermediate in menaquinone (vitamin K2) biosynthesis. AB - The enzymatic synthesis of the "active" o-succinylbenzoic acid is described and the factors controlling its formation are investigated. Tritium-labeled coenzyme A is incorporated into "active" o-succinylbenzoic acid, but label from [2-3H]ATP or [gamma-32P is not, indicating that the active compound is a coenzyme A thio ester(2). The compound is shown by two different methods to contain 1 mol only of coenzyme A per mol of o-succinylbenzoic acid. The o-succinylbenzoic and coenzyme A ester (2) is unstable at alkaline and neutral pH, but is fairly stable under acid conditions. The coenzyme A ester (2) is converted to 1,4-dihydroxy-2 naphthoic acid (3) by enzyme preparations from Mycobacterium phlei and Escherichia coli without any cofactor requirement. PMID- 7045105 TI - Identification of an insulin-sensitive calcium-stimulated phosphoprotein in rat adipocyte plasma membranes. PMID- 7045106 TI - Regulation of adenylate cyclase of human platelet membranes by forskolin. PMID- 7045107 TI - Structure of mouse submaxillary gland renin. Identification of two disulfide linked polypeptide chains and the complete amino acid sequence of the light chain. AB - Reduction and carboxymethylation of mouse submaxillary gland renin produced two polypeptide chains which were readily separated by gel filtration or sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weights of the two chains, termed heavy chain and light chain, were determined to be 30,000 and 5,458, respectively. Carboxymethylation of renin with radiolabeled iodoacetic acid followed by chain separation after reductive cleavage of disulfide bridges revealed the presence of two free cysteine residues in the heavy chain. Based on the finding of one half-cystine in the light chain and three half-cystine residues in the heavy chain. It was concluded that the heavy and light chains are linked by one disulfide bridge and that the heavy chain contains an intrachain disulfide bridge. The complete 48-amino acid residue sequence of the light chain was determined using peptide fragments obtained by cyanogen bromide cleavage and digestion with Staphylococcus aureus protease. The sequence showed 46% homology with the carboxyl-terminal region of the porcine pepsin sequence. PMID- 7045108 TI - Metabolic compartments in Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 7045109 TI - Protein glycosylation in Trypanosoma cruzi. I. Characterization of dolichol-bound monosaccharides and oligosaccharides synthesized "in vivo". AB - Trypanosoma cruzi cells, the causative agent of Chagas disease, incubated with [U 14C]glucose in the presence of 5 mM sodium pyruvate or 5.5 mM glucose, were found to synthesize Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-dolichol as the main and largest dolichol disphosphate derivative. No traces of glucosylated derivatives or of dolichol bound oligosaccharides with a size larger than that of a Man9GlcNAc2 standard could be detected in any case. The synthesis of mannose-P-dolichol but not that of glucose-P-dolichol was found to occur in vivo in these cells. The inability to synthesize glucose-P-dolichol may explain the absence of glucosylated dolichol diphosphate derivatives. The lipid moiety of the dolichol derivatives appeared to have about 13 isoprene residues, the first of which was saturated. PMID- 7045110 TI - Protein glycosylation in Trypanosoma cruzi. II. Partial characterization of protein-bound oligosaccharides labeled "in vivo". AB - The protein-bound oligosaccharides were isolated from Trypanosoma cruzi cells incubated with [U-14C]glucose by means of as proteolytic digestion of delipidated proteinaceous pellets, followed by separation of oligosaccharides from glycopeptides through incubation with endo-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. The saccharides obtained after very short incubation periods were tentatively identified as Glc1Man9GlcNAc, Glc1Man8GlcNAc and Glc1Man7GlcNAc and the label was almost exclusively present in the glucose residues. On longer incubations, however, two more labeled oligosaccharides could be isolated, Man9GlcNAc (which appeared first) and Man9GlcNAc. The relative proportion of the three glucose containing saccharides did not change with the length of the incubation of cells with [U-14C]glucose nor after chasing the label with the unlabeled monosaccharide. Moreover, the more internal mannose residues were labeled before in Man9GlcNAc than in Glc1Man9GlcNAc.l All this evidence indicated that Glc1Man9GlcNAc was not an intermediate in the formation of the other saccharides. On the basis of these results and of those reported in the preceding paper, the following pathway is proposed for the first stages of protein glycosylation: (formula, see text). PMID- 7045111 TI - Reactivity and metal-dependent stereospecificity of the phosphorothioate analogs of ADP and ATP and reactivity of Cr(III)ATP in the 3-phosphoglycerate kinase reaction. Structure of the metal nucleotide substrates. PMID- 7045112 TI - A study of the mechanism of T4 DNA polymerase with diastereomeric phosphorothioate analogues of deoxyadenosine triphosphate. AB - T4 DNA polymerase copolymerizes the SP isomers of 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-O-(1 thiotriphosphate) and 5'-O-(2-thiotriphosphate) with dTTP onto a poly(d(A-T) template in the presence of various metal ions. The corresponding RP diastereomers are inactive, independent of the metal ion used. The polymer resulting from the polymerization of the SP diastereomer of 2'-deoxyadenosine 5' O-(1-thiotriphosphate) and dTTP can be degraded by the 5' leads to 3' exonuclease activity of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and alkaline phosphatase (Brody, R. S., and Frey, P. A. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 1245-1252) to d(Tp(S)A). This material has the RP configuration as determined by comparison with the RP and SP diastereomers obtained by chemical synthesis and preparative separation by high performance liquid chromatography. This result indicates inversion of configuration at the alpha-phosphorus in the nucleotidyl transfer reaction and is compatible with the absence of a covalent enzyme intermediate. PMID- 7045113 TI - Biosynthesis of chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptides in wild type and the chlorina f2 mutant of barley. PMID- 7045114 TI - Maturation of the tail spike endorhamnosidase of Salmonella phage P22. AB - As part of a genetic analysis of the in vivo folding and subunit assembly of the P22 tail spike endorhamnosidase, we have studied the maturation of the newly synthesized 76,000-dalton polypeptide chains into thermostable tail spike oligomers. Four of 15 temperature-sensitive mutations in the structural gene for this protein result in electrophoretically distinct tail spikes. Cells mixedly infected with wild type and an electrophoretic variant produce two hybrid species, with mobilities intermediate between the parental species, indicating that the native tail spike is a trimer. Mature trimers are resistant to denaturation by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS): at room temperature the trimer migrates in an SDS gel as if it were not binding significant amounts of SDS, whereas the heat-denatured chain migrates as expected of an SDS-polypeptide complex. The mature trimer is also resistant to trypsin digestion. Lysates of infected cells contain SDS and trypsin-sensitive forms of the newly synthesized tail spike polypeptide chains. These are probably incompletely or incorrectly folded chains. SDS and trypsin resistance were used to measure the efficiency of in vivo folding and subunit assembly of the mature trimer from its polypeptide chains. This decreased from 90% at 27 degrees C to only 15% at 42 degrees C. These results are consistent with the existence or a labile intermediate or step in the folding or subunit assembly of the thermostable tail spike protein. We discuss the possibility that the achievement of certain structural features of mature proteins may entail difficulties in their folding pathways. PMID- 7045115 TI - Formation of a membrane potential by reconstructed liposomes made with cytochrome b562-o complex, a terminal oxidase of Escherichia coli K12. AB - A terminal oxidase of the Escherichia coli K12 respiratory chain (cytochrome b562 o complex) was reconstituted into liposomes by freeze-thaw/sonication method. Formation of a membrane potential (-145 mV) by the reconstituted cytochrome b562 o complex was observed with the fluorescent dye 3,3'-dipropylthiodicarbocyanine iodide on addition of an artificial electron donor ubiquinol-1 or ascorbate phenazine methosulfate. The membrane potential formed was inhibited by the protonophore uncouplers 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile, carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, and carbonylcyanide m chlorophenylhydrazone, and the inhibitors of the oxidase system zinc sulfate, potassium cyanide, and 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide. This is the first indication that there is a coupling site in an E. coli terminal oxidase, which consists of b-type cytochromes. PMID- 7045116 TI - Acrosin inhibition. Comparisons of membrane-associated and -solubilized enzyme. AB - Acrosin is an extrinsic membrane proteinase from spermatozoa which functions in the fertilization process. Liposomes were utilized as a model system to determined possible effects of membrane association on acrosin's enzymatic activity. By comparison with solubilized enzyme, liposome-bound acrosin had a substantial reduction in the apparent affinity for "progressive" inhibitors such as leupeptin, lima bean trypsin inhibitor, soy bean trypsin inhibitor, and for a proteinase inhibitor from sperm extracts. In contrast, the liposome-bound and solubilized enzymes were essentially identical with respect to the binding of benzamidine and p-aminobenzamidine which are competitive acrosin inhibitors. These results suggest membrane association can influence some but not all of acrosin's enzymatic properties. PMID- 7045117 TI - Effect of bases contiguous to AUG on translation initiation. PMID- 7045118 TI - Mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced increase in insulin receptors of cultured human lymphocytes. AB - Glucocorticoids increase the number of insulin receptors in cultured human lymphocytes. This effect is specific for the insulin receptor as growth hormone receptor concentration decreases. The effect is time-dependent, dose-dependent over the physiologic concentration range of glucocorticoid, reversible, and appears to be mediated via specific glucocorticoid receptors. Protein synthesis and glycosylation are required as the effect is inhibited by actinomycin D, puromycin, cycloheximide, and tunicamycin. Isolated solubilized plasma membranes, as well as solubilized whole cells from glucocorticoid-treated lymphocytes, show the same increase in insulin receptors as do intact cells. The glucocorticoid induced receptors are immunologically indistinguishable from control when precipitated by anti-receptor antibody. Glucocorticoids do not stabilize existing receptors since the degradation rate of receptors is actually increased. Regulation of the insulin receptor by insulin is independent of the steroid effect. However, there is a right-ward shift of the dose-response curve for "down regulation" by insulin in the presence of glucocorticoid. We conclude that glucocorticoids increase the number of insulin receptors in cultured human lymphocytes by increasing the synthesis of new receptors. This represents the first induction of insulin receptor synthesis by a pharmacologic agent. PMID- 7045119 TI - The pH dependence of insulin binding. A quantitative study. AB - A model is presented to study quantitative the effect of pH on a ligand-receptor interaction. Assuming that binding is only possible if all the "active groups" are in the correct ionic state, and that the ionic state of the other residues does not affect the association constant, it is possible to measure the number and pK values of the active groups. This model is applied to insulin and insulin analogs binding to its cellular receptor. Two active groups are responsible for the marked pH dependence of the reaction: a deprotonated residue of pK 7.6 at 25 degrees C (ionization heat: 1.5 kcal . mol-1) and a protonated residue of pK 8.0 at 25 degrees C (ionization heat: 12 kcal . mol-1). The first active group might be a carboxyl residue, in a hydrophobic environment, probably belonging to the receptor molecule. The second active group was further identified as the A1 alpha amino residue of insulin by the study of insulin analogs. PMID- 7045120 TI - Biosynthesis of cholestanol from intestinal 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one. AB - Using isotope dilution-mass spectrometry, it was shown that human bile contains significant amount of 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, an intermediate in the major pathway for bile acid biosynthesis. In bile from 14 healthy subjects, the concentration was 0.14 +/- 0.01 micrograms/ml (mean +/- S.E.). Four bile samples collected from two patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis contained considerably higher amounts of this steroid, 0.47-1.32 micrograms/ml. After oral administration of [4-14C]7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one to rabbits, 14C labeled cholestanol could be isolated from the intestinal wall, liver, and blood after 24 h. The label incorporated into the intestinal wall was about 10% of that obtained with [4-14C]cholesta-4,6-dien-3-one or [4-14C]4-cholesten-3-one as precursors. Labeled cholesta-4,6-dien-3-one and 4-cholesten-3-one could be isolated from the intestinal contents 12 h after feeding [4-14C]7 alpha-hydroxy-4 cholesten-3-one to rabbits. It is proposed that cholesta-4,6-dien-3-one and 4 cholesten-3-one are formed from 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one by the same mechanism as that involved in 7 alpha-dehydroxylation of primary bile acids. We suggest that biliary 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one may be a physiological precursor to cholestanol. The possibility is discussed that part of the increased formation of cholestanol in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is due to excess biliary 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one or some metabolite of this steroid. PMID- 7045121 TI - Intracellular localization of human DNA polymerase alpha with monoclonal antibodies. AB - We have successfully established 16 stable murine hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies specific for human DNA polymerase alpha. The results of immunocytochemical studies, using 4 of these monoclonal antibodies and immunoperoxidase detection methods, document the exclusively intranuclear localization of DNA polymerase alpha in three separate lines of cultured human cells. By light microscopy, the immunoperoxidase reaction product exhibits a diffuse pattern of distribution within the nucleoplasm, but nucleoli are clearly negative. In cultures of the transformed lines, KB nd BeWo, more than 955 of the cells are positive, suggesting that intranuclear DNA polymerase alpha antigens persist throughout the mitotic cycle. In striking contrast, in the normal diploid fibroblast line, WI-38, a smaller fraction of the cultured cells is positive, and there is no detectable polymerase alpha antigen in the closely apposed cells of microcolonies that are presumed to be contact-arrested and no longer mitotically cycling. In cells in mitosis that have dissolved their nuclear envelopes (and are thus transiently anucleate), the anti-polymerase alpha reaction continues to be strongly positive, and in this single circumstance the reaction product is diffusely distributed throughout the cell cytoplasm. Initial electron microscopic examination of KB cells confirms and extends these observations. The immunoperoxidase reaction product is essentially limited to the nuclear compartment and is predominantly distributed in the midzonal region of the nucleoplasm between centrally disposed nucleoli and peripherally located blocks of condensed chromatin. PMID- 7045122 TI - Specific transcription of homologous class III genes in yeast-soluble cell-free extracts. AB - Cell-free extracts prepared from whole yeast cells carry out selective and accurate transcription, in vitro, of purified yeast class III genes. Both 5 S rRNA and tRNA genes are specifically transcribed by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase III present in these whole cell extracts. These extracts also appear to carry out nucleolytic processing of the in vitro synthesized transcripts. Optimal conditions for specific class III gene transcription in vitro are defined. Initial fractionation of the yeast extract has indicated that multiple chromatographically separable factors (fractions) are required, in addition to RNA polymerase III, for specific in vitro transcription of class III genes. PMID- 7045123 TI - Insulin processing by the liver. PMID- 7045124 TI - recA protein-promoted DNA strand exchange. Stable complexes of recA protein and single-stranded DNA formed in the presence of ATP and single-stranded DNA binding protein. AB - The recA protein of Escherichia coli promotes the complete exchange of strands between full length linear duplex and single-stranded circular DNA molecules. An early step in this reaction consists of the binding of recA protein to single stranded DNA. In the presence of ATP and the single-stranded DNA binding protein, recA protein and single-stranded DNA interact to form a complex whose stability depends upon the single-stranded DNA binding protein. Duplex DNA is not required for complex formation. Subsequent steps occur within this complex which contains up to 1 recA protein monomer per 2 nucleotides of single-stranded DNA. Although several hundred ATPs are hydrolyzed per recA protein monomer, recA protein is not released from the complex at any step during or subsequent to strand exchange. The complex is kinetically competent with respect to both its rate of formation and its rate of reaction with homologous duplex DNA. It is therefore a significant intermediate in the overall reaction pathway. These results have served as the basis for an expanded model for recA protein-promoted strand exchange. PMID- 7045125 TI - Carbohydrates selectively protect a specific domain of fibronectin against proteases. AB - To determine how the carbohydrate moiety of fibronectin influences the susceptibility of protein to proteolytic degradation, we compared the effects of various proteases on glycosylated and nonglycosylated fibronectins. Nonglycosylated fibronectin, from tunicamycin-treated chicken embryo fibroblasts, was degraded more rapidly to acid-soluble products than glycosylated fibronectin by pronase, thermolysin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. The absence of carbohydrate did not markedly affect overall patterns of proteolytic fragments identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Except for the expected increases in electrophoretic mobilities of the nonglycosylated peptides, the only important difference was that of the nonglycosylated fragment corresponding to the carbohydrate-rich, collagen-binding domain, was completely digested by the proteases in 60 min at 30 degrees C. In contrast, the comparable fragment from glycosylated fibronectin was resistant to protease digestion. Heparin-binding domains that normally lack carbohydrate are equally susceptible to proteases in glycosylated and nonglycosylated fibronectin. We conclude that the carbohydrate component of fibronectin plays an important role in the stabilization of a specific domain of the protein against proteolytic degradation; however, the carbohydrate does not alter overall proteolytic specificity. PMID- 7045126 TI - Sympathetic control of the cerebral circulation. PMID- 7045127 TI - Considerations on manufacturing principles of a synthetic burn dressing: a review. AB - This review presents various considerations on the construction of a synthetic burn dressing, based mainly on collagen protein. Membranous wound covers are compared with sponge-felt types, monocomponental with composite. The importance of collagen crosslinking agent and the nonextractibility of any component from the dressing material are discussed. According to the type of the burn the dressing should be used dry or wet, plain or medicated, and changed often to reduce substantially the presence of necrotic tissue, inflammatory cell of the granulation tissue, and bacterial contamination. PMID- 7045128 TI - Sulfonated poly(vinylidene fluoride) as a biomaterial: immobilization of urokinase and biocompatibility. AB - The adsorption of urokinase (UK) on sulfonated poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films was examined. The amount of adsorbed UK on sulfonated PVDF films increased linearly with the degree of the ion exchange capacity (IEC) of sulfonated film. Moderately sulfonated PVDF film (IEC = 0.25 meq/g) adsorbed 3 IU/cm2 UK, and highly sulfonated film (IEC = 0.54 meq/g) adsorbed 5 IU/cm2 UK. All UK immobilized PVDF films were active for ten weeks. The presence of the sulfonated films in the culture of rat lymphocytes did not result in any change of their viability. The implant of the film (IEC greater than 0.48 meq/g) into the subcutaneous layer of rats resulted in the cell infiltration composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells or the blastogenesis within the surrounding tissues of the implant and the regional lymph nodes. On the contrary, the implant of the films (IEC less than 0.27 meq/g) did not exert any visible changes, indicating that the lightly sulfonated films may be applicable in the sense of biocompatibility in vivo. PMID- 7045129 TI - Giant-cell tumor of bone: analysis of two hundred and eight cases in Chinese patients. AB - Giant-cell tumor of bone seems to occur more frequently in Chinese people than in those residing in Western countries. The estimated incidence is about 20 per cent of all primary tumors of bone. Of 208 surgically treated and pathologically proved giant-cell tumors, 194 were benign. We excluded patients with primary or secondary amputation unrelated to recurrence and those followed for less than two years or lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 111 patients who were followed for more than two years, twenty-nine had a recurrence, giving a recurrence rate of 26.1 per cent. The rate of recurrence was highest following curettage and bone grafting (41.2 per cent) and was much lower in patients who were treated by resection and fusion (7.1 per cent). Since resection of this tumor with reconstructive procedures, either by massive homogenous bone-grafting or artificial joint replacement, is complicated and might cripple the patient if it fails, we propose excision and curettage with bone-grafting as the most suitable method of treatment in the majority of patients with giant-cell tumor of bone. PMID- 7045130 TI - Bone scintigraphy in evaluating the viability of composite bone grafts revascularized by microvascular anastomoses, conventional autogenous bone grafts, and free non-revascularized periosteal grafts. AB - We studied the value of bone scintigraphy in the assessment of anastomotic patency and bone-cell viability in free bone grafts revascularized by microvascular anastomoses in twenty-seven dogs. The dogs were divided into three different groups, and scintigraphy was carried out using technetium-labeled methylene diphosphonate in composite bone grafts revascularized by microvascular anastomoses, conventional autogenous bone grafts, and periosteal grafts placed in different recipient beds. The viability of the grafts was evaluated by histological examination and fluorescence microscopy after triple labeling with oxytetracycline on the first postoperative day, alizarin complexone on the fourth postoperative day, and DCAF on the eleventh postoperative day. A positive scintiscan within the first week following surgery indicated patent microvascular anastomoses, and histological study and fluorescence microscopy confirmed that bone throughout the graft was viable. A positive scintiscan one week after surgery or later does not necessarily indicate microvascular patency or bone-cell survival, because new bone formed by creeping substitution on the surface of a dead bone graft can result in this finding. PMID- 7045131 TI - Surgical treatment of paralytic scoliosis associated with myelomeningocele. AB - The spines of forty patients with myelomeningocele and paralytic scoliosis were surgically stabilized at the Twin Cities Scoliosis Center between 1960 and 1979. Treatment with posterior spine fusion and Harrington instrumentation extending to the sacrum, combined with anterior fusion using either Dwyer or Zielke instrumentation, gave the best results, correcting scoliosis by an average of 45 degrees (comparing preoperative values with those at the last visit), lordosis by an average of 20 degrees, torso decompensation by an average of 5.7 centimeters, and pelvic obliquity by an average of 7 degrees. This combined fusion method reduced the rate of pseudarthrosis to 23 per cent (compared with 46 per cent when only posterior fusion and instrumentation were used). Prophylactic antibodies (selected on the basis of preoperative cultures of urine) reduced the infection rate to 8 per cent. Posterior fusion or anterior fusion alone was inadequate, even with instrumentation. Early mobilization wearing a bivalved polypropylene body jacket minimized osteoporosis, pressure sores, and social isolation. Unsolved technical problems remain, however, especially in relation to obtaining fusion across the lumbosacral joint. PMID- 7045132 TI - Treatment of resistant ulcers on the plantar surface of the great toe in diabetics. AB - Six diabetic patients with a large, resistant ulcer on the plantar surface of the great toe were treated by resection of the proximal one-half of the proximal phalanx of the great toe through a dorsal median incision followed by a split thickness skin graft onto the ulcer bed. Each of these ulcers had failed to heal with conservative measures which included debridement, split-thickness skin grafts, and extra-depth shoes with molded insoles. Preoperatively each patient had a complete vascular evaluation and appropriate antibiotic treatment. Postoperatively the ulcers healed promptly, and no ulcers had recurred at follow up after two to five years. The only complication was delayed healing of the incision in one patient. At follow-up no obvious functional impairment of gait was evident, and each patient had regained his or her original functional status. PMID- 7045133 TI - Continuous suture technique in prosthetic aortic valve replacement. AB - Among 80 patients having aortic valve replacement using a continuous suture technique the occurrence of periprosthetic leak was 8.8%. There is a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of the periprosthetic leak in patients having pure stenosis (o) of combined stenosis and insufficiency, and patients having pure insufficiency (26%). Continuous suture technique reduces cross clamp time and by-pass time significantly but should be used routinely only in stenotic lesions. In pure insufficiency the method of suture should be considered separately in each case. Interrupted suture technique should be used if one or more of the known factors predisposing to perivalvular leak are present. PMID- 7045134 TI - Vascular complications in 400 consecutive renal allotransplants. AB - The vascular complications, their management and results of treatment in 400 consecutive renal allotransplants performed at the Leiden University Hospital from March 1966 through July 1979, are presented. There were 50 (12.5%) vascular complications. Among them renal artery stenosis (RAS) occurred in 40 cases (10%), renal artery thrombosis in 7 cases (1.8%), renal vein thrombosis in 2 cases (0.5%) and disruption of the arterial anastomosis in one. Arterial reconstruction was made in 25 patients with RAS, the blood pressure was normalized in 18 patients (72%), in 3 a recurrence of the RAS was found, in another 3 bad results were achieved regarding the blood pressure and in one patient a recurrence of the original glomerulonephritis had taken place. Of the 50 vascular complications 12 patients underwent a removal of the transplant and 3 resulted in death of the patient. PMID- 7045135 TI - Successful surgical repair of a tracheo innominate fistula: tactical considerations. PMID- 7045136 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of wheat germ agglutinin in wheat. AB - Immunocytological techniques were developed to localize the plant lectin, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), in the tissues and cells of wheat plants. In a previous study we demonstrated with a radioimmunoassay that the lectin is present in wheat embryos and adult plants both in the roots and at the base of the stem. We have now found, using rhodamine, peroxidase, and ferritin-labeled secondary antibodies, that WGA is located in cells and tissues that establish direct contact with the soil during germination and growth of the plant In the embryo, WGA is found in the surface layer of the radicle, the first adventitious roots, the coleoptile, and the scutellum. Although found throughout the coleorhiza and epiblast, it is at its highest levels within the cells at the surface of these organs. In adult plants, WGA is located only in the caps and tips of adventitious roots. Reaction product for WGA was not visualized in embryonic or adult leaves or in other tissues of adult plants. At the subcellular level, WGA is located at the periphery of protein bodies, within electron-translucent regions of the cytoplasm, and at the cell wall-protoplast interface. Since WGA is found at potential infection sites and is known to have fungicidal properties, it may function in the defense against fungal pathogens. PMID- 7045137 TI - Nuclear localization of aspartate transcabamoylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The cytochemical technique using the in situ precipitation of orthophosphate ions liberated specifically by the aspartate carbamoyltransferase (ATCase) (EC 2.1.3.2) reaction indicated that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae this enzyme is confined to the nucleus. This observation is in accordance with the result reported by Bernhardt and Davis (1972), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 69:1868 1872) on Neurospora crassa. The nuclear compartmentation was also observed in a mutant strain lacking proteinase B activity. This finding indicates that this proteinase is not involved in the nuclear accumulation of ATCase, and that the activity observed in the nucleus corresponds to the multifunctional form associated with the uracil path-specific carbamoylphosphate synthetase and sensitive to feedback inhibition by UTP. In a ura2 strain transformed by nonintegrated pFL1 plasmids bearing the URA2-ATCase activity encoding gene, the lead phosphate precipitate was observed predominantly in the cytoplasm. This finding enhances the reliability of the technique used by eliminating the possibility of an artifactual displacement of an originally cytoplasmic reaction product during the preparation of the material for electron microscopy. On the other hand, nuclei isolated under hypoosmotic conditions do not exhibit the ATCase activity that is recovered in the cytosolic fractions after differential centrifugation of the lysate in Percoll gradient. A release of the protein from the nuclei during the lysis step, consistent with its nucleoplasmic localization, is postulated. PMID- 7045138 TI - Coated vesicle isolation by immunoadsorption on Staphylococcus aureus cells. AB - Porcine brain coated vesicles were isolated from crude fractions of tissue homogenates by affinity separation using anticlathrin-coated STaphylococcus aureus (Staph A) cells as a solid-phase immunoadsorbent. The specificity of the immunoadsorption was monitored by SDS PAGE analysis and by competitive ELISA assays. SDS PAGE of the material immunoadsorbed from a fraction of porcine bran smooth microsomes showed a selective enrichment in a 180,000 mol wt protein. In an ELISA assay, this protein competed effectively--in binding anticlathrin--with clathrin extracted from a coated vesicle preparation. When the immunoadsorbed fraction was examined by electron microscopy, coated vesicles and vesicle-free cages were found forming a quasicontinuous monolayer on the surface of the Staph A cells. Other particles were not adsorbed, and the controls were free of either clathrin cages or coated vesicles. Upon extensive dialysis (against MES buffer, pH 6.5), similar cages appeared on the surface of anticlathrin-coated Staph A cells reacted with extracted clathrin. This study demonstrates that anticlathrin coated Staph A cells can be used for the isolation and purification of a homogeneous population of coated vesicles. In addition, the ability of extracted clathrin to bind and to polymerize onto the Staph A cells raises the possibility of using this technique to further explore the conditions required for cage and/or vesicle reconstitution. PMID- 7045139 TI - The relationship between the insulin content and inhibitory effects of bovine colostrum on protein breakdown in cultured cells. AB - Protein Degradation in ten mammalian cell lines is markedly inhibited by small amounts of bovine colostrum. This response is consistent with the growth promoting activity of colostrum that has been reported previously. Fractionation of colostrum on DEAE cellulose showed that most of the inhibitory activity against protein breakdown on H35 cells coeluted with insulin. Insulin concentrations in different batches of bovine colostrum ranged from 0.67 nM to 5.7 nM, approximately 100-fold higher than in blood. The sensitivity of protein breakdown in H35 or MH1C1 hepatoma lines to these colostrum samples was proportional to their insulin concentrations and could largely be accounted for by the amount of insulin present. Removal of insulin from colostrum by means of a protein A-anti-insulin antibody affinity column was accompanied by a loss of the ability of colostrum to inhibit protein breakdown in H35 or MH1C1 cells. However, in IMR90 fibroblasts, a cell line with a similar sensitivity to colostrum as the two hepatomas but very insensitive to insulin, protein breakdown was still inhibited by the insulin-free colostrum. These results suggest that, whereas the effect of bovine colostrum in H35 or MH1C1 cells is actually a response to insulin, different growth factors in colostrum account for the inhibition of protein breakdown in other cell lines. PMID- 7045140 TI - Hormonal and nutritional factors influencing glycogen deposition in primary cultures of rat liver parenchymal cells. AB - The effect of the glucocorticoids, insulin, and glucose concentration on glycogen deposition in adult rat liver parenchymal cells maintained in a chemically defined, serum-free medium has been studied. Increasing the medium concentration of glucose from 5.6 mM to 30.6 mM in the absence of hormones increased cellular glycogen content from 6.5 to 51 micrograms of glycogen per mg of cell protein. Treatment of the cells with insulin increased the glycogen content by 15 to 30% at medium glucose concentrations above 10.6 mM. The addition if the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, to the culture medium resulted in 40 to 105% increased in glycogen content at glucose concentrations greater than 5.6 mM. The addition of dexamethasone and insulin together in the culture medium resulted in an increase in glycogen content that was greater than the additive effect of each hormone alone. This study establishes that glucose concentrations above 10.6 mM stimulate glycogen deposition in the absence of any hormonal stimulus. In addition, glucocorticoids directly stimulate glycogen deposition at glucose concentrations which are greater than physiological (5.6 mM). PMID- 7045141 TI - Comparison of the effects of insulin and H2O2 on adipocyte glucose transport. PMID- 7045142 TI - Modulation of cell competence for induction of differentiation in myeloid leukemic cells. PMID- 7045143 TI - Clonal preadipocyte cell lines with different phenotypes derived from murine marrow stroma: factors influencing growth and adipogenesis in vitro. AB - We have isolated continuously growing cell lines derived from mouse bone marrow stroma. These cell lines were independently obtained, and though they showed morphologies ranging from the epithelioid to the fibroblastoid patterns, they all differentiated into adipocytes. Subclones obtained from two cell lines had a very high frequency (90-100%) of differentiation into adipocytes after two or three weeks of arrested growth. Though extensive accumulation of lipid often mechanically impaired mitosis, the cells committed to adipocytes did not suffer an irreversible loss of proliferative capacity. Adipogenesis was obtained in conditions similar to those required for fat cell formation in long-term bone marrow culture. The cell lines were found to be insensitive to insulin as a signal of adipocyte differentiation. The ultrastructural characteristics of the preadipocytes and fat cells are also similar to those of the fat cells developing in long-term bone marrow culture. As such, these cell lines should prove useful for analysing cell/cell interactions in haemopoiesis. PMID- 7045144 TI - Effect of insulin on folic-acid transport in cultured fibroblasts. AB - Uptake of folic acid was measured in secondary cultures of skin fibroblasts from fetal rats. The cultures were made quiescent by 24 hours preincubation in medium containing 1% serum and subsequent 3 hours preincubation in phosphate buffered saline. The uptake of 3H-folic acid was linear with time during 15 seconds and reached a plateau level at 2-3 minutes. There was no further increase in the intracellular radioactivity until the end of the experiments at 10 minutes. The uptake of folic acid in fibroblasts was not concentrative and proceeded until equilibration with the extracellular concentration. Intracellular metabolic conversion of folic acid was not significant during the time of experiments (up to 10 minutes). Insulin caused a two-fold increase in the initial rate of folate uptake as determined from the 15 second uptake values. The dose response curves for the insulin effect showed that 85% of the maximal effect was exerted by 1 microM insulin. A lag period of 7-10 minutes was observed after the addition of insulin and before the effect on folic acid uptake was manifested. Thereafter the effect increased with the time of preincubation with insulin. The concentration dependence of folate uptake yielded non homogeneous curves. At low concentrations of substrate, saturable components were observed while at high concentrations (above 5 X 10(-6) M) a linear component was observed. Insulin increased the slope of the linear component and the Vmax of the saturable component while the Km remained unaltered. PMID- 7045145 TI - The relationship of fibroblast translocations to cell morphology and stress fibre density. AB - Translocation of human fibroblasts in culture was studied using techniques of time-lapse cinemicrography, indirect immunofluorescence, and computer analysis. An inverse relationship between the velocity of cells during the last hour of life and the density of stress fibers seen by immune staining was demonstrated. Translocating cells generally assumed one of two interconvertible morphologies: a triangular tailed shape or tailed fibroblast (TF), and a tailless form that resembled a half-moon, which we call a half-moon fibroblast (HMF). The tail of TFs formed only on regions of substrate that had been previously traversed by cells. The half-moon morphology developed either on previously used or on virgin substrate. Cells adopted the HMF rather than the TF morphology with a four-fold greater frequency. HMFs translocated slightly faster than TFs. The foregoing observation suggest that the fibroblast tail is not an organelle essential for translocation. Since our technique allowed us to distinguish between cells which were cycling and those which had left cycle, we compared their velocities and found them to be similar. Also the average velocities of cells of different population-doubling levels (10th, 30th, 40th) were approximately equal. PMID- 7045146 TI - Mechanisms of displacement of sperm basic nuclear proteins in mammals. An in vitro simulation of post-fertilization results. AB - A standardized cytological preparation of mature mouse sperm has been devised to serve as an in vitro system for probing the intra-ooplasmic molecular events of transformation of the fertilizing sperm. Two parameters of the early phase of transformation in vivo are defined at the resolution of the light microscope: deletion of sperm-unique nuclear proteins, detectable by immunofluorescence, and retention of homogeneity of the residual DNA complex, with intact chromatin boundaries detectable by ethidium bromide staining. These studies show that both parameters are conserved when in vitro sperm preparations are treated with NaCl under reducing conditions. The deletion of 2 different classes of the unique basic proteins of mouse sperm nuclei is specified by the NaCl concentration: 0.7 M-NaCl displaces the non-protamine class but not the protamines, while 1 M-NaCl displaces both. On the other hand the effects of treatment with trypsin at various concentrations and intervals are less consistent with the in vivo parameters, indicating fragmentation and displacement, not only of the sperm unique basic proteins, but also of structural proteins believed to maintain the fundamental cohesive organization of the DNA matrix. These observations suggest that mechanisms other than proteolysis, e.g. localized changes in ionic concentrations, may participate in the post-fertilization displacement of the sperm-unique nuclear proteins in vivo. This study also supports the validity of the in vitro simulation as a model with which to probe the progression of transformation of the sperm nucleus to the zygote pronucleus. PMID- 7045147 TI - Brain hypoxia in migraine: pathophysiologic and therapeutic implications. PMID- 7045148 TI - [Indications and future of the Hartmann operation. Cooperative study of 126 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The main indications for the Hartmann operation are cancer and sigmoiditis. It is done as an emergency in 70% of the time, more often for peritonitis, generally from diverticulitis. (45% of the time) than for occlusion usually due to cancer (30% of the time). The high mortality (33%) is due to the precarious condition of the patients, and only 25% are due to the operation, usually from disruption of the rectal stump. The reestablishment of the intestinal continuity, now facilitated by the clip forceps, was possible in 37 cases with no mortality. This represents 28.9% of the group, but only 52.1% were alive six months later. Only 6.8% of the cancer cases were benefited; however, 51% of the sigmoiditis cases and 87.5% of the cases of traumatic perforation were benefited. These results plus the advantages furnished by the autosuturing forceps justify renewal of interest in this operation first described 60 years ago. PMID- 7045149 TI - Evaluation of risk factor variations in relation to their baseline values in a controlled preventive trial. Application to the Rome Project of CHD Prevention. AB - This paper proposes a method for separating intervention impact, regression to the mean and spontaneous evolution effects in a controlled preventive trial. Variation dependence on baseline values is estimated by means of corresponding regression lines. Regression line slopes are adjusted to eliminate bias due to the difference between observed and 'true' values. Intervention impact is then evaluated using the control group as reference. Possible differences in factor baseline values are adjusted for. The method is used to analyse variation patterns for body mass index, serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and cigarette smoking in four years in the Rome Project of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention cohorts. All regression lines of variations vs baseline values show a negative slope. A highly significant improvement due to treatment is observed for blood pressure and body mass index, a less substantial but significant improvement is observed for serum cholesterol, and no effect is observed for cigarette smoking. PMID- 7045150 TI - Estrogens stimulate cell proliferation and induce secretory proteins in a human breast cancer cell line (T47D). AB - The effects of estradiol (E2) on two cloned sublines derived from the T47D human breast cancer cell line have been studied in vitro. Cell proliferation was evaluated by DNA assay, cell counts, and thymidine incorporation. The rate of synthesis of proteins released into the cell culture medium was assayed by [35S]methionine incorporation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by fluorography. In clone 11, which contains estrogen and progesterone receptors, estradiol (1 pM-1 nM) stimulated cell proliferation 2- to 5-fold after a lag period of 6 days. Maximal stimulation was observed with 1% or 3% fetal calf serum and without added insulin. The effect of E2 was biphasic, since the growth rate was stimulated for E2 concentrations less than 10 nM and then progressively inhibited for higher concentrations. Dexamethasone, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, and R5020 (at 1 nM or 1 microM) did not modify cell growth. The antiestrogen Tamoxifen (1 microM) inhibited the E2-induced stimulation and decreased the growth of control cells. Estrogen also stimulated 2- to 3-fold the synthesis of approximately 60K molecular weight dalton proteins which were released into the medium. This effect was seen as early as 1 day of E2 treatment, and a plateau of stimulation was reached with 0.1 nM E2. By contrast, in clone 8, which contains low concentrations of estrogen and progesterone receptors, E2 had no effect on cell growth and stimulated slightly the synthesis of a 55K protein. These results demonstrate that E2 is able to directly stimulate the proliferation of human epithelial breast cancer cells after having stimulated the synthesis of approximately 60,000 dalton proteins released into the medium. PMID- 7045151 TI - The role of cell age in the difference in insulin binding between adult and cord erythrocytes. AB - Erythrocytes (RBCs) from cord blood are known to bind more insulin than those of adults. We have investigated the possibility that this difference is due to the younger cell age of the neonatal cells. Samples from 13 normal full term neonates and 12 adults were fractionated into 5 fractions of defined density by dextran gradient centrifugation. Fractions of comparable density, a variable known to correlate well with age, were then compared for insulin binding. Plasma insulin and glucose levels were the same in the two study groups. The density distribution curve was shifted to the left for the cord samples, indicating a younger cell age. The difference was most marked in the lightest fraction, which contained 4.66 + 0.46% (mean +/- SE) adult cells vs. 15.26 +/- 1.27% cord cells (P less than 0.01). Insulin binding was identical when fractions of equal density were compared in the two groups. The only exception was the lightest (youngest) fraction (density, less than 1.092), in which the cord cells displayed a considerably higher percentage of specific binding; (19.98 +/- 1.57 vs. 13.32 +/- 0.92 P less than 0.005). This difference was shown to be due to a high percentage of very light cells in cord samples, compared to adult samples, in this fraction which, unlike the others, did not have a lower limit of density. When a lower density cutoff was introduced (1.089 g/ml), the remaining cells of this fraction (density, 1.089-1.092) displayed quite similar percentages of specific binding (13.07 +/- 1.63 vs. 11.86 +/- 1.27). Cells below this density were virtually absent in the adult, comprising less than 0.3% of all adult cells compared to 7.2% of the cord cells. These results indicate that the difference in insulin binding between adult and cord cells is due to a younger RBC age distribution in cord blood. This difference is most marked in the youngest cell fractions. Age fractionation of RBCs by density gradient centrifugation appears to be a promising method of assessing RBC insulin receptors in situations in which substantial changes in cell age are seen. PMID- 7045152 TI - The unique patterns of plasma aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone concentrations in the 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency syndrome. PMID- 7045153 TI - Chronic chlorpropamide therapy of noninsulin-dependent diabetes augments basal and stimulated insulin secretion by increasing islet sensitivity to glucose. AB - To determine the effect of chronic sulfonylurea therapy on islet function in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), studies were performed in 18 untreated NIDDM patients before and after 12-16 weeks of chlorpropamide therapy. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) fell with chlorpropamide therapy from 249 +/- 16 to 157 +/- 8 mg/dl (mean +/- SEM; P less than 0.001), and basal insulin increased from 17 +/- 2 to 24 +/- 3 microU/ml (P less than 0.001). The percent change in basal insulin correlated with the pretreatment FPG (r = 0.62; P less than 0.01) and inversely with the change in FPG during chlorpropamide (r = -0.57; P less than 0.025). Thus, patients with the highest pretreatment FPG showed the largest relative increase in basal insulin and the largest fall of FPG with chlorpropamide therapy. In nine patients, arginine-stimulated acute insulin responses (AIR) were studied at each of three plasma glucose (PG) levels both before and during chlorpropamide treatment. AIR at FPG was not different before and during treatment. However, when PG during treatment was matched by glucose infusion to the pretreatment FPG, the AIR was clearly increased during chlorpropamide therapy (176 +/- 65 vs. 49 +/- 11 microU/ml; P less than 0.02). When AIR is plotted against PG for each individual, the slope of the regression line generated (slope of glucose potentiation) is a measure of that patient's islet sensitivity to glucose. The logarithm of the slope of glucose potentiation correlated inversely with FPG (r = -0.92; P less than 0.001). Chlorpropamide treatment increased the slopes of potentiation from 0.26 +/- 0.11 to 1.47 +/- 0.70 (P less than 0.01). We conclude that chronic chlorpropamide therapy augments both basal and stimulated insulin secretion in NIDDM and that this may be an important mechanism of the drug's hypoglycemic effect. The data support the hypothesis that the hyperglycemia of NIDDM is related to islet insensitivity to glucose and that chlorpropamide treatment improves this impairment. PMID- 7045154 TI - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide release after oral glucose: relationship to glucose intolerance, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. AB - Hypersecretion of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IRGIP) has been reported previously in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. To ascertain the relative contribution of glucose intolerance and obesity to the abnormalities of IRGIP secretion, 114 subjects were studied during a standard oral glucose (75 g) tolerance test; responses of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, IRGIP, and glucagon were evaluated. The subjects were divided into six subgroups according to body weight and the degree of glucose intolerance. In normal weight subjects, the IRGIP response to oral glucose was significantly higher in the patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and DM than in the healthy control subjects (P less than 0.05). In the obese subjects, no significant differences in mean IRGIP responses could be detected among control, IGT, and DM subjects. In spite of similar IRGIP responses, the obese IGT patients did release more insulin than the obese control subjects, suggesting that incretin factors other than GIP may be operative in this condition. When obese and nonobese patients were compared, the obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance released a greater amount of IRGIP and insulin than the normal weight controls, whereas no significant difference between obese and nonobese could be found within the IGT and DM groups. We conclude that in the absence of obesity, glucose intolerance may induce IRGIP hypersecretion. On the other hand, obesity is associated with IRGIP hypersecretion, and glucose intolerance has no further effect, indicating a different pathogenetic mechanism for the IRGIP abnormalities. In both the obese and nonobese diabetic groups, IRGIP hypersecretion was associated with a failure of plasma glucagon levels to fall after oral glucose; this effect might be related to the glucagonotropic action of this peptide. PMID- 7045155 TI - Modified immune globulin: its use in the prophylactic treatment of patients with immune deficiency. AB - Patients with antibody deficiency syndromes provide excellent models to study safety and efficacy of new immune globulin (IG) preparations for intravenous use. In a long term study of such patients we showed that a reduced and alkylated IG preparation given intravenously was as effective in preventing infections as Cohn fraction II given intramuscularly. Mild side effects occurred in 50% of infusions; addition of maltose reduced side effects to 3%. Adverse reactions appeared to be related to IG concentration: they were slightly higher if the IG concentration was increased from 5% to 10%. The striking effect of maltose may relate to the observation that maltose and other disaccharides, added to Cohn fraction II, prevent heat aggregation in vitro. The stabilizing effect of these sugars was most pronounced at pH 6-6.5. Thus, modified IG formulated as a 5% solution in 10% maltose seems to be safe, effective and suitable for rapid intravenous infusion. PMID- 7045156 TI - Functional characteristics of a modified immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous administration: summary of studies of opsonic and protective activity against group B streptococci. AB - Group B streptococci (GBS) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in newborn babies, despite antibiotic therapy, Recent studies suggest that phagocytosis and killing of GBS is ineffective due to a deficiency in anti-GBS antibody. Using an opsonophagocytic bacterial assay and a suckling rat model of GBS sepsis, we analyzed a modified human immunoglobulin for opsonic and protective antibody. Immune globulin (IGIV) prepared for intravenous use (Gamimune, Cutter Laboratories, Inc.) was highly protective in this experimental GBS model. Using the opsonophagocytic assay, antibody activity to several strains of types Ia, II, and III GBS were also demonstrated with IGIV. To ensure that the IGIV activity was in fact antibody, globulin from IGIV was isolated and analyzed. Purified IgG retained opsonic activity in vitro and also provided protection in experimental GBS disease. Variation in the quantity of IgG necessary for protection was observed in different GBS strains. Since IGIV has opsonic and protective activity against several strains and serotypes of GBS, its intravenous administration may provide a valuable adjunct to standard antibiotic therapy for neonatal GBS infections. PMID- 7045157 TI - Individual patient variations in the kinetics of intravenous immune globulin administration. AB - Subjects with primary immunodeficiency received modified immune serum globulin (IGIV) intravenously at various dose levels in long-term therapeutic studies. Therapy was effective and essentially free from adverse reactions. Two pertinent observations were made relating to the attained levels of serum IGG. Over a dose range of 100-225 mg/kg, the serum IgG level directly reflects the dosage administered. Sequential analysis of serum levels of IgG demonstrated three patient populations in 14 subjects receiving 150 mg/kg. The largest group, nine patients, had progressive reduction of serum IgG values compatible with the half life of the reagent, with a return to the original serum IgG level in four weeks. A second population of four patients had a slower reduction of serum IgG over the four-week period. IgG values were significantly elevated over baseline values at the time of the next due infusion. In one subject serum IgG values varied greatly with rapid drops and elevations unrelated to the infusion. PMID- 7045158 TI - Immune response of hamsters to experimental central nervous system infection with measles virus. AB - Forty-two 21-day-old Syrian golden hamsters were inoculated intracerebrally with a hamster-adapted Mantooth strain of measles virus. For the duration of the experiment, the animals demonstrated measles virus infection of the central nervous system documented by histology and detection of measles antigen by fluorescent antibody staining. The lymphocyte-rosetting response to infection in the hamster was monitored for 25 days after inoculation utilizing a human cell line (HEp-2) persistently infected with the hamster-adapted measles virus. The rosetting response reached a peak on the third day after virus inoculation and then declined to a constant low level by the tenth day. This decline corresponded to the peak of the humoral immune response as measured by the measles hemagglutination-inhibition titer. The rosetting response-appears in this model to be a response to the acute phase of infection. PMID- 7045159 TI - Primary health care in India. PMID- 7045160 TI - Release of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity from incubated rat hypothalamus and cerebral cortex. Effects of glucose and glucoregulatory hormones. AB - Somatostatin (SRIF) is localized in the hypothalamus, extrahypothalamic brain, and throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Release of gastrointestinal SRIF-like immunoreactivity (SRIF-LI) is under nutrient regulation but the effect of nutrients on neural SRIF-LI is unknown. The present studies examined the effects of glucose uptake and metabolism and hormones influencing glucose disposition on SRIF-LI release from medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and cerebral cortex (Cx) incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate containing bacitracin. After a preincubation to achieve stable secretion, tissues were incubated for 20 min in 14 mM glucose (basal) and then, for 20 min in fresh medium with test materials. MBH SRIF-LI release was inversely related to medium glucose concentration with release in the absence of glucose (235+/-42 pg/MBH per 20 min) more than five times that in the presence of 25 mM glucose (46+/-4 pg/20 min). In the presence of 14 mM glucose MBH SRIF-LI release was stimulated above basal by agents interfering with glucose uptake including 3-O-methyl-d-glucose (42 mM; 70+/-5 vs. 42+/-3 pg/20 min, P < 0.05), phlorizin (50 mM; 351+/-63 vs. 29+/-2 pg/20 min, P < 0.001) or cytochalasin B (20 muM; 110+/-7 vs. 22+/-2 pg/20 min, P < 0.001). Inhibition of glucose metabolism by 2-deoxy-d-glucose resulted in dose-related stimulation of MBH SRIF-LI release (maximal at 28 mM; 201+/-28 pg/20 min vs. 32+/ 4 pg/20 min, P < 0.001). Viability of MBH was unimpaired by incubation in the absence of glucose or following exposure to 2-deoxy-d-glucose as determined by retention of SRIF-LI responsiveness to stimulation by potassium (60 mM) or neurotensin (5 muM). In contrast, Cx SRIF-LI release was slightly inhibited by decreases in medium glucose and unaffected by inhibition of glucose uptake or metabolism. These results provide evidence for nutrient regulation of MBH but not Cx SRIF-LI release and may explain inhibition of growth hormone seen in the rat in response to hypoglycemia. Insulin (10 nM-1 muM) stimulated MBH but not Cx SRIF LI release while glucagon was without effect. Our previous demonstration that MBH SRIF-LI release was stimulated by somatomedin-C, but not insulin at physiologic concentrations, is consistent with an action of insulin through the somatomedin-C receptor at the doses studied. Our studies indicate a regional specificity for the control of SRIF secretion within the brain and suggests the possibility of a role for hypothalamic SRIF in metabolic regulation. PMID- 7045161 TI - Selective cumulative inhibition of platelet thromboxane production by low-dose aspirin in healthy subjects. AB - Acetylation of platelet cyclooxygenase by oral aspirin is dose dependent and cumulative with repeated administration. However, no single dose of aspirin has been found to be completely selective of platelet thromboxane (TX) synthesis inhibition in man. We determined the dose dependence, cumulative nature and selectivity of aspirin effects on platelet TXB(2) and renal prostaglandin (PG) and prostacyclin (PGI(2)) production. We measured, by radioimmunoassay, serum TXB(2) levels after whole blood clotting and urinary excretion of PGE(2), PGF(2alpha), and 6-keto-PGF(1alpha), before and after single or repeated oral aspirin doses given to 46 healthy subjects. Single doses of 6-100 mg aspirin resulted in a linear (r = 0.92, P < 0.01) inhibition of platelet TXB(2) production, ranging from 12 to 95% after 24 h. A daily dose of 0.45 mg/kg given for 7 d produced a cumulative and virtually complete inhibition of platelet TXB(2) production, without significantly reducing the urinary excretion of PGE(2), PGF(2alpha), and 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) in both healthy men and women. The platelet inhibitory effect of this regimen was maintained unaltered throughout 1 mo of therapy, with no evidence of cumulative inhibition of renal PG-synthesis. Moreover, furosemide-induced renal PGI(2) synthesis and renin release were unaffected by chronic low-dose aspirin. Following cessation of aspirin therapy, platelet TXB(2) production returned toward control values at a similar rate as after a single higher dose. WE CONCLUDE THAT IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS: (a) aspirin causes a dose-dependent inhibition of platelet TXA(2) production, with no obvious sex-related difference; (b) the inhibitory effect of daily low-dose aspirin is cumulative on platelet TXA(2) but not on renal PG-synthesis; (c) during chronic low-dose aspirin therapy, renal PGI(2)-producing cells are readily activable by furosemide at a time of virtually complete suppression of platelet cyclooxygenase activity. PMID- 7045163 TI - Ratio of blood and marrow-derived cells in bone marrow transplantation. AB - The content of the cell suspensions used in bone marrow transplantation can vary by at least twelvefold in the ratio of bone marrow-derived to blood-derived cells. The ratio is somewhat higher in young donors but is similar for male and female donors and is not closely correlated with the incidence of graft v host reactions. PMID- 7045162 TI - Effects of insulin and glucose on very low density lipoprotein triglyceride secretion by cultured rat hepatocytes. AB - The effect of insulin on hepatic triglyceride synthesis and secretion is controversial. Previously, we have described a cell culture system of adult rat hepatocytes that synthesize and secrete very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides with small and irreproducible effects of insulin on triglyceride metabolism. To study the primary effects of insulin on hepatic triglyceride metabolism a method was developed utilizing fibronectin-coated culture dishes that allowed adhesion, spreading, and maintenance of hepatocytes for 2-3 d in the absence of serum and insulin. This culture system allowed mass measurements of both cellular and secreted VLDL triglycerides for long time periods after the addition of physiological concentrations of insulin to hormone-free culture medium. In the absence of insulin and after an initial 4 h in culture, the medium was replenished and triglyceride mass was measured at the end of 18-h incubations. VLDL triglyceride accumulated in the culture medium at a linear rate over this time-course with increasing accumulation as the medium glucose concentration was raised from 2.5 to 25 mM glucose (1.77+/-0.24 to 3.09+/-0.76 mug triglyceride/mg cell protein per h). There was no apparent significant lipolysis or hepatocellular reuptake of secreted VLDL triglycerides. In the absence of insulin cellular triglyceride levels were unchanged between 3 and 24 h in culture while insulin (50-500 muU/ml) significantly increased cellular triglyceride content at all glucose concentrations tested (0-25 mM). The addition of insulin to the culture medium progressively reduced the rate of VLDL triglyceride secretion accompanied by an increase in cellular triglyceride at insulin concentrations > 50 muU/ml. Most or all of the observed increase in cell triglyceride content could in all experiments be accounted for by the insulin induced inhibition of VLDL secretion. Incorporation of [2-(3)H]glycerol into cellular and VLDL triglycerides as a function of insulin concentration was also measured. Glycerol incorporation data at 20-22 h after plating of the cells closely paralleled the insulin-induced changes in cellular and VLDL triglyceride as determined by mass analysis. The observed effects of insulin occurred at concentrations close to the physiological range and suggest that the direct hepatic effect is to suppress VLDL secretion although the net effect in vivo will clearly reflect many additional accompanying changes. PMID- 7045164 TI - A celloidin bag for the histological preparation of cytologic material. PMID- 7045165 TI - A flexible microprocessor system for the measurement of cell size. AB - A flexible system for the measurement of length and area is described. The system consists of the Reichert Jung MOP-1 area measuring device interfaced with a Commodore PET computer. Its use is illustrated by the planimetric measurement of cross sectional areas in histochemical preparations of normal and diseased muscle. While measurements are being made data can be displayed on the computer screen either in numerical form or as a frequency histogram together with simple statistical analyses. Hard copy can be obtained from an attached printer. Mean values for fibre area in normal human skeletal muscle are reported. An alternative, widely used method of calculating fibre area from the lesser diameter was found to give a consistent underestimate of approximately 30% when compared with our planimetric method. In diseased muscle with abnormally shaped fibres the discrepancy is even larger; such fibres can be identified using a "form factor" which relates the area of a cell to its perimeter. This rapid, accurate and flexible system is also suitable for the measurement of many different types of graphical record. PMID- 7045166 TI - Evaluation of a micromethod gallery (API Staph) for the identification of staphylococci and micrococci. AB - A collection of 300 well-characterised strains of staphylococci and micrococci was examined by a commercially available gallery micromethod (API Staph). The results were compared with biotyping by conventional methods. The gallery micromethod broadly agreed with the biotyping scheme used but gave an identification from the index supplied in less than 30% of the trials. Reproducibility was better after 48 h incubation than after 24 h but was poor for the tests for phosphatase and acetoin. When compared with the results of conventional tests, the tests for acetoin, phosphatase and urea were unsatisfactory. PMID- 7045167 TI - An ELISA test for the detection of antibodies to Legionella pneumophila. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test has been developed to detect antibodies to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. There is good correlation between indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) and ELISA titres but ELISA is more sensitive. PMID- 7045168 TI - The pathology of infection with Schistosomatium douthitti in the laboratory mouse and the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus. PMID- 7045169 TI - Atopic dermatitis. AB - Atopic dermatitis is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease with altered immune and pharmacologic responses. Elevated serum IgE probably reflects defective immune regulation. Various other cellular immune defects rise and fall exacerbations and remissions of skin inflammation. Increased responsiveness to cholinergic and alpha adrenergic agents may relate to abnormalities of cyclic nucleotide regulation. Recent observations of abnormal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-phosphodiesterase activity in atopic dermatitis may provide new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease. PMID- 7045170 TI - Tzaraat--"biblical leprosy". AB - Tzaraat refers to a group of skin diseases that, according to the Old Testament, renders one ritually unclean. Analysis of the text reveals that there are four categories of lesions discussed. Each category has a primary lesion as well as specific secondary changes. The primary lesions include depigmented lesions on previously healthy skin, lesions on previously abnormal skin, lesions on areas of diffuse alopecia, and lesions of localized alopecia. It is unlikely that these diseases have a modern-day counterpart. PMID- 7045171 TI - Robert M. B. MacKenna. PMID- 7045172 TI - Antimalarials and ophthalmologic safety. AB - Antimalarial drugs were shown to be useful agents in the treatment of discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus in 1951. However, by 1966, fear of retinal toxicity and the availability of alternative therapies had led to limited use of antimalarials. Continued experience with these alternative therapies has made their intrinsic, sometimes devastating toxicities more evident and has contributed to the renewed interest in antimalarial agents evident in the number of comprehensive reviews appearing recently in the dermatology literature. Many of these reviews, while generally excellent, have propagated some apparent misconceptions by disregarding or de-emphasizing data suggesting that irreversible retinal toxicity due to antimalarials can be easily avoided by judicious daily dosage and regular ophthalmologic follow-up. This article will discuss the historical basis of these misconceptions and the subsequent studies which suggest that antimalarial retinal toxicity can be avoided without sacrificing the therapeutic efficacy of these agents. PMID- 7045173 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus with anti-Ro antibodies: clinical, histologic and immunologic findings. Report of three cases. AB - Detection of anticytoplasmic antibodies of Ro specificity has been a valuable aid in identification of a subpopulation of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Characteristics of this group of patients have been dermatosis, photosensitivity, hypergammaglobulinemia, positive rheumatoid factor, and usually absence of fluorescent antinuclear antibodies done by conventional methods. The findings of these three patients add further evidence that, in addition to presence of other manifestations of SLE, the dominant feature is a cutaneous eruption. This became marked and disseminated during exacerbations usually following sun exposure. Such features distinguish these patients from those with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) or classical SLE, although at times features of either may be present. Concomitantly, there were selective histopathologic and immunopathologic changes. An unusual finding was a variability in lupus band test dependent upon the state of the disease. Likewise, serologic reactions exhibited a wide range of variability. The results suggest three phases of the disease: chronic active, acute, and treated inactive. Despite acute episodes, including development of nephrotic syndrome in one patient, there was satisfactory response to moderately high doses of corticosteroids and antimalarials. PMID- 7045174 TI - The white spot target for microscopic examination of nails for fungi. PMID- 7045175 TI - The swaged crown: its modern applications. AB - The authors makes no claim for originating the technique of construction and the use of the swaged crown. He was introduced to the swaged crown over a quarter century ago by the late Dr. Benjamin Weiss, and orthodontist, and his technician, Sanford Pollock. Clinical adaptations of the swaged crown followed. The swaged crown has proved to be a versatile solution to a number of clinical problems occurring in the primary, mixed, and early adult dentitions. It provides simplicity of use, strength, and durability of appliances, and virtual freedom from decalcification and caries for the covered teeth. Chair-time procedures are kept to a minimum, and laboratory costs are reasonable. All appliances require supervision and maintenance by the dentist. When swaged crowns are used, the time and effort involved in such supervision and maintenance are kept at a minimum. This time is considerable less than that required, when even well fitted orthodontic bands are used, instead of swaged crowns. PMID- 7045176 TI - Casting defects in subperiosteal implants: an x-ray investigation. PMID- 7045177 TI - Sonographic analysis of speech sounds with varying positions of the upper anterior teeth. PMID- 7045178 TI - A review of published fissure sealant trials using multiple regression analysis. PMID- 7045179 TI - The provision of dental care for the elderly person. PMID- 7045180 TI - Combined magnetic plus rod and tube retention in sectional denture. PMID- 7045181 TI - Phagocytic and killing activity of human blood, gingival crevicular, and salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes for oral streptococci. AB - The phagocytosis and killing of oral streptococci by blood, crevicular, and salivary polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) were examined using a visual assay based on differential staining of viable and non-viable microorganisms by acridine orange. Crevicular PMNL were 83% viable, 19% contained bacteria on collection, and phagocytosis occurred in vitro in 66% of glass-adherent leukocytes. Salivary PMNL were 56% viable, 11% contained bacteria on collection, and 44% phagocytosed streptococci in vitro. Crevicular and salivary PMNL were capable of phagocytosis and killing of oral streptococci, but both were impaired. Crevicular fluid was not significantly leukotoxic; mixed saliva caused a significant reduction in PMNL viability and in phagocytic and killing activity for oral streptococci. Crevicular PMNL may be actively functional phagocytes, but salivary PMNL are unlikely to be significant in oral defenses. PMID- 7045182 TI - Academic-corporate research relationships: forms, functions, and fantasies. PMID- 7045183 TI - A laboratory report on vibration etching for fissure sealants. AB - We have developed a vibration etching technique in which occlusal pits and fissures are simultaneously cleansed and acid-etched using a fissure needle mounted on an electromagnetic vibrator. When tested on extracted teeth, the needle completely cleansed the fissures by removing the contents and the prismless enamel layer, and widened them to from 100 to 150 micrometers to the depth reached by the needle. The sealant penetrated readily and adhered to the reduced and etched fissure walls interlocking with resin tags. PMID- 7045184 TI - Unreacted methacrylate groups on the surfaces of composite resins. AB - The unreacted methacrylate groups on the surface of conventional composites and microfilled composites were studied by means of multiple internal reflection infrared spectroscopy. The influences of polymerization time, temperature, and the effect of polishing were studied. We also attempted to relate the results of some mechanical tests to the degree of chemical unsaturation measured in the different resins. All surface treatment and manipulative variables caused a decrease in double bond content and interfacial bond strength. PMID- 7045185 TI - Self-instruction and assessment in techniques of intensive care using a computer model of the respiratory system. AB - There are considerable logistical difficulties involved in providing an adequate training programme for each new doctor when starting intensive care. One solution is to use an interactive computer terminal and provide programmes for self instruction and assessment. Using a computer model of the respiratory system linked to a computer-assisted instructional driver we have developed instructional exercises on the management of artificial ventilation and the treatment of respiratory failure. Each teaching session contains explanatory text, multiple choice questions and model simulations. The student can interact with the simulations, appropriate assistance being provided when required, while his answers are marked and assessed with further explanation when necessary. The use of computer models adds a new dimension to computer-assisted learning techniques and is particularly applicable to intensive care medicine. PMID- 7045186 TI - Good and bad patients: a review of the literature and a theoretical critique. AB - Nursing, sociological and psychological research into good and bad, popular and unpopular, and desirable and undesirable patients is reviewed. A number of themes which have been linked by researchers with the evaluation of good and bad patients are identified. These are patients' illnesses and diseases, patients' behaviour, the social backgrounds of patients, patients' attitudes and staff attitudes. It is argued that much of the literature on good and bad patients is deficient from an empirical, a methodological, an epistemological and a theoretical point of view. An alternative theoretical framework is suggested, using as its starting point an interactionist conception of the nursing role. It is suggested that patients come to be defined as good or bad not because of anything inherent in them or in their behaviour, but as a consequence of the interaction between staff and patients. PMID- 7045187 TI - A matter of opportunity. PMID- 7045188 TI - Overview of occupational immunologic lung disease. PMID- 7045189 TI - The boys in the club. AB - A historical perspective of men in dietetics. The pioneer spirit of Lenna Cooper is exemplified in the gradual emergence of the male dietitian. It was not an easy task for the early female dietitian to accept the concept of male membership. From the acceptance of the first known qualified male dietitian in 1921 and of the first male intern in 1934 to the final acceptance of male dietitians in the U.S. Army in the early 1950s, there is recorded female resistance. As the status of the profession grew, so did men's interest in it. PMID- 7045190 TI - How the West was won ... by women doctors. PMID- 7045191 TI - Humanitarian award to physiatrist. PMID- 7045192 TI - Effect of age and obesity on fasting levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone in man. AB - The influence of age and obesity on glucose homeostasis may be mediated via changes in basal levels of the main glucoregulatory hormones, insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone. Fasting plasma levels of these hormones and of glucose were measured in 186 normal male volunteers, 23 to 93 years old. Obesity was assessed as obesity index and by a more accurate anthropometric method as percentage of fat. Age and obesity index had a significant but low linear correlation (r = .16, p less than .05). Age was not significantly correlated to any other metabolic variable. Percentage of fat was, however, significantly related to the fasting plasma levels of glucose (r = .27, p less than .001), insulin (r = .26, p less than .01), and glucagon (r = .16 less than .05). Fasting glucose was significantly correlated to insulin (r = .30 , p less than .001). These significant correlations persisted when age was held constant. In the basal state the main glucoregulatory hormones are not influenced by age, but plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon levels are influenced by obesity. PMID- 7045193 TI - A bibliography of doctoral dissertations on aging from American institutions of higher learning, 1979-1981. AB - This bibliography is the eleventh supplement to the original work which covered 1934-1969. The supplements include all titles of earlier years which were found after the original bibliography was published, Journal of Gerontology, 1971, 26, 391-422. Due to the nature of bibliographic control in regard to doctor dissertations, each supplement will try to cover the academic year rather than the calendar year. This means that a dissertation issued in 1970 may be either in the original bibliography or in the supplements. Both online and manual search techniques were employed in the compilation of this supplement. The arrangement of the supplement is similar to the original bibliography. PMID- 7045194 TI - Dedication of the Agnes Goldberg Memorial Symposium. PMID- 7045195 TI - Sterling Bunnell, 1882-1957. PMID- 7045196 TI - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with ecthyma gangrenosum due to Escherichia coli. AB - Ecthyma gangrenosum caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) occurred in a decompensated alcoholic cirrhotic patient with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis due to the same organism. Ecthyma is usually associated with systemic sepsis from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Isolated instances due to other bacteria have been reported, but its occurrence in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, of which the predominant causative organism is E. coli, is unique. The frequency, varied etiology, and pathogenesis of ecthyma are briefly reviewed. PMID- 7045197 TI - Idiopathic portal hypertension in a renal transplant recipient. AB - A renal transplant recipient developed a noncirrhotic form of portal hypertension, idiopathic portal hypertension, several years after the transplantation. The liver histology by light microscopy disclosed only chronic portal inflammation and portal fibrosis; however, a prominent collagen deposition with the space of Disse seen only by electron microscopy evolved during the course of the liver disease. This report, in association with other reports of the same disorder in renal transplant recipients, suggests that idiopathic portal hypertension may occur as a direct consequence of renal transplantation. PMID- 7045198 TI - Chloroquine resistant P. falciparum in Chandrapur district of Maharastra state. PMID- 7045199 TI - Epidemiological studies on bancroftian filariasis in East Godavari District (Andhra Pradesh) : entomological aspects. PMID- 7045200 TI - Comparative study of thick smear examination and membrane filter technique in parasitological diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. PMID- 7045201 TI - [Studies on the dimensional accuracy of complete dental arch casts, especially on the effects of various methods of taking impressions ((author's transl)]. PMID- 7045202 TI - [Some properties of the protease in salivary sediment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045203 TI - Corrosion-resistance in dental Ni-base alloys. Effect of thermal treatment and air-vent system. PMID- 7045204 TI - [A case report of complete denture treatment under monitoring denture mobility by MKG (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045205 TI - The wounding and treatment of William of Orange in 1582. PMID- 7045206 TI - Exemplary disease: the typhoid pattern. PMID- 7045207 TI - The rise and fall of typhomalarial fever: I. Origins. PMID- 7045208 TI - The circumcision of the child on the eighth day ... An anonymous engraving after a design by Bernard Picart. New Haven, Yale Medical Library, Clements C. Fry Collection. PMID- 7045209 TI - The life and times of Sir Albert Ruskin Cook. PMID- 7045210 TI - The triumph of scientific medicine in America: an essay review. PMID- 7045211 TI - Some cultural aspects of Greek male homosexuality. AB - A brief examination of Greek social structures, history, and cosmology reveals several points about the nature of, and attitudes towards, male homosexual practices in the classical period. First, due to the overwhelming importance of the Hellenic family, few men seem to have engaged exclusively in homosexual acts. Second, historical sources for Attica indicate that, although most men may have married, homosexual behavior was widespread among all levels of society and was considered no more opprobrious than heterosexual behavior. Third, the Greek cosmology, with its unbounded sexuality and constant blurring of sex roles, provided an atmosphere in which homosexuality was regarded by Athenians as neither irreligious nor unnatural. PMID- 7045212 TI - Slavery and the social dynamics of male homosexual relations in ancient Rome. AB - More than any other institution, slavery placed its stamp on male homosexual relations in ancient Rome. While the pervasive Hellenization of Roman society in the second and first centuries B.C. mitigated the traditional hostility towards homosexuality and homosexual relations and even, in cultured circles, fostered an idealizing acceptance of male pederastic relations patterned after the model of classical Greece, this transformation of attitudes would have produced less concrete effects had Rome not concurrently become a slave-owning society on a large scale, due to overseas conquests. The strictures of Roman law and tradition applied only to sexual relations among free men and women; sexual relations between freemen and female or male slaves were unlikely to incur much social stigma. Although there is evidence that some Romans did indeed exploit their slaves, fortunately the great lacuna within the law and tradition, together with the emergence of more humane values regarding slavery and sexual relations, allowed genuine love-relationships (both heterosexual and homosexual) to receive a large measure of social sanction as a form of concubinage. Roman culture, however, unlike classical Green civilization, made little contribution to an informed acceptance of homosexual relations grounded in an understanding of human ethics and psychology. PMID- 7045213 TI - The sociology of male homosexuality and lesbianism: an introductory bibliography. PMID- 7045214 TI - Isolations of salmonellas from human, food and environmental sources in the Manchester area: 1976-1980. AB - A retrospective survey was carried out for isolations of salmonellas from humans, foods and sewer swabs from food-handling premises for the period 1976-80. The predominant serotypes isolated from humans were S. typhimurium, S. hadar, S. virchow and S. agona. Salmonellas were found in less than 1% of cooked pork and poultry products and were not detected in cooked beef or lamb. The isolation rates for cooked offal and cooked open pet foods were 2.1% and 19.7% respectively. Isolation rates for uncooked meats ranged from 5% for beef to 36% for poultry. Most of the uncooked meats were sausages in which the predominant serotypes were S. derby, S. typhimurium, S. heidelberg and S. panama. An attempt was made to investigate the relationship between serotypes isolated from humans and from sausages and sewer swabs. S. typhimurium and S. bredeney were predominant in humans, sausages and sewer swabs whilst S. derby, S. panama and S. give were predominant only in sausages and sewer swabs. PMID- 7045215 TI - Why type streptococci? The epidemiology of group A streptococci in Oxfordshire 1976-1980. AB - The results of typing all group A streptococci isolated in one laboratory in 5 years were reviewed to see if the collected information showed epidemiological patterns. The great majority of the 5858 streptococci typed came from patients seen in general practice: 72% from throat swabs and 11% from skin lesions. Eight types, M types 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 22 and type 28 R accounted for 65% of strains. These eight types had different patterns: types 2 and 6 caused small circumscribed outbreaks and were uncommon between epidemics; types 3, 4 and 12 caused larger, wider epidemics, whereas types 1, 22 and 28 R had a more stable pattern. Type 4 was more commonly resistant to tetracycline than most other types, a finding which affected the apparent incidence of tetracycline resistance in group A streptococci. Streptococci from superficial sites were more likely to have serum opacity factor and to lack a detectable M-antigen than strains isolated from the throat. Routine typing of streptococci helped to detect outbreaks of infection in special groups. It is concluded that regular streptococcal typing should be continued in some places. PMID- 7045216 TI - The detection of rubella-specific IgM by an immunosorbent assay with solid-phase attachment of red cells (SPARC). AB - An immunosorbent assay using solid-phase attachment of red cells (SPARC) was used for the detection of rubella-specific IgM. The method is described and the results compared with those obtained by the IgM antibody capture radioimmunoassay (MACRIA). One hundred and ninety-nine sera were investigated for the presence of rubella-specific IgM and only one discrepant result occurred, namely a false positive obtained by MACRIA in a patient with infectious mononucleosis. Rheumatoid factor, heterophile antibody, and rubella-specific IgG did not interfere with the results obtained by the SPARC technique. Advantages of the SPARC technique include the case and lack of expense of testing large numbers of sera, the small volume of sample required and the fact that pretreatment of serum is not necessary. PMID- 7045217 TI - Serotypes of Escherichia coli isolated from patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. AB - Strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from laparotomy specimens from Chinese patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis in Hong Kong. A large variety of serotypes were found. Several sites were sampled in each patient. While only one serotype was normally isolated from one site, different sites often yielded different serotypes in the same patient. Generally the 'O' types found did not correspond to those found in the faeces of the Hong Kong Chinese population. PMID- 7045218 TI - Characterization of measles virus-specific antibodies in sera from patients with chronic active hepatitis. AB - Measles virus-specific antibodies in sera from patients with HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis and raised antibody titres against measles virus, have been examined by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The immunoprecipitates were further analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Five measles virus specific precipitation lines were demonstrated using measles virus-infected cells solubilized with Triton X-100. The three major precipitation lines were analysed by SDS-PAGE and contained the virus polypeptides: nucleoprotein, NP (MW approximately 60 000); haemoagglutinin, H (MW approximately 80 000) and fusion protein F1 (MW approximately 40 000). Considerably higher amounts of antibodies against these three virus polypeptides were demonstrated in the patient sera than in sera from healthy controls. By SDS-PAGE analysis of radiolabelled immune complexes adsorbed to Sepharose-protein A, antibodies against five measles virus polypeptides: NP, H, F1, P protein (MW approximately 70 000) and matrix protein, M (MW approximately 37 000) were demonstrated in the patient sera. PMID- 7045219 TI - The biotyping of Escherichia coli isolated from healthy farm animals. AB - A total of 2973 Escherichia coli, isolated from six different groups of animals, were examined for their ability to ferment adonitol, dulcitol, raffinose, rhamnose and sorbose in solid media. Twenty-nine fermentation patterns were recorded although 2443 (82%) of the E. coli belonged to seven of the 32 possible biotypes. Ninety-six O-serotypes were identified within the 2973 E. coli. The number of O-serotypes represented in the 15 most common biotypes ranged from three to 15. Serotypes O8 and O9 were found most commonly in the different groups of animals and several biotypes amongst these two O-serotypes were identified in two or more groups of the animals. The ability of the E. coli to metabolize aesculin, ornithine, salicin and sucrose was also assessed. These test proved less reproducible and were not included in the primary biotyping scheme although their use allowed the enumeration of additional biotypes. The application of biotyping to the study of the ecology of drug-resistant strains of E. coli in five situations is briefly presented. PMID- 7045220 TI - The survival of multi-antibacterial drug-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium in stored static slurry from a veal calf unit. AB - Salmonella typhimurium phage type DT 193 survived in small numbers, in stored static slurry derived from veal calves, for the 7-week period of observation. The viable coliform count fell by 1 1/2 logs during the first 2 weeks of storage, thereafter there were only relatively small fluctuations in the coliform population. In all 735 of 752 Escherichia coli isolates examined from eight samples of slurry were resistant to 3-6 antibacterial drugs. There was no dramatic change in the overall level of drug resistance amongst the E. coli with time. Chloramphenicol resistance was recorded in 400 (55%) of the E. coli. It was always associated with multiple resistance, with 96% of the strains being resistant to 5 or 6 drugs, although the proportion of isolates of each of the ten most prevalent O-serotypes resistant to chloramphenicol was variable and ranged between none and 97.5%. The use of biotyping together with O-serotyping indicated that the E. coli population was extremely complex, although certain components of the population remained relatively stable within the dominant flora with time since several of the more common O-serotype/biotype combinations were isolated from more than half of the eight slurry samples examined. PMID- 7045221 TI - Virulence of urinary and faecal Escherichia coli in relation to serotype, haemolysis and haemagglutination. AB - The virulence of faecal and urinary Escherichia coli strains was studied in relation to serotype, haemolysin production and haemagglutination pattern. By means of an experimental mouse model E. coli strains can be divided into avirulent (I), mouse nephropathogenic (II), and generally virulent (III) strains. Virulent group II and group III strains were more often haemolytic and haemagglutinating than avirulent group I strains. Presence of K antigen could not be associated with virulence. Discriminant analysis for qualitative variables revealed that no combination of the investigated properties contributed more to a strain's virulence level than did one single property. It is concluded that other virulence factors, apart from haemolysin production in group II strains and haemagglutinins in group III strains, must be involved in the determination of a strain's virulence level. All O2, O6 and O18 ac strains tested were virulent, and by far the most O75 strains were avirulent, whereas other O groups were more variable with regard to virulence. Pyelonephritis strains were more often mannose resistance haemagglutinating than faecal and other urinary isolates, indicating that mannose-resistant adhesins may be important in the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis. PMID- 7045222 TI - A high frequency idiotypic marker of anti-DNA autoantibodies in MRL-Ipr/Ipr mice. AB - Anti-idiotypic antibodies were used to analyze relatedness of anti-DNA autoantibodies of MRL mice. The antiidiotypic antibodies, produced by immunization of rabbits with MRL-Ipr-derived hybridoma anti-DNA antibodies, were defined by their ability to inhibit specifically the binding of hybridoma anti DNA antibody to DNA. One monoclonal anti-DNA antibody, H130, cross-reacted with two thirds of other hybridoma anti-DNA antibodies. The H130/anti-H130 system detected high amounts (up to 5 mg/ml) of immunoreactivity in sera of MRL-Ipr mice, whereas levels in MRL-+ sera were relatively low. The H130 family increased 10-fold in MRL-Ipr mice over the course of 5 mo, but its levels did not correlate chronologically with those of anti-DNA antibodies, cardiolipin-binding antibodies, or total serum immunoglobulins. H130 cross-reactivity was found, by quantitative immunoadsorption, in 40 to 60% of serum anti-DNA antibodies; however, a large excess of H130-related serum antibodies did not bind to DNA. The H130 family and anti-DNA antibodies therefore seem to constitute overlapping populations. PMID- 7045223 TI - Restoration of allograft responsiveness in B rats by interleukin 2 and/or adherent cells. AB - LEW X BN)F1 cardiac allografts survive 1 wk in unmodified LEW recipients (MST +/- SD = 8.3 +/- 1.2 days) but indefinitely (greater than 100 days) in B rats, produced by 750 R sublethal x-radiation 3 to 4 wk after adult thymectomy and reconstitution with syngeneic bone marrow cells from thymectomized thoracic duct drained donors. Graft survival appears independent of blocking antibodies and is not mediated by suppressor cells or loss of graft immunogenicity. The unresponsive state is eventually reversed by adoptive transfer of 10(8) spleen cells from nonimmune (MST +/- SD = 27.5 +/- 4.7 days) or alloimmune (MST +/- SD = 21.5 +/- 1.9 days) syngeneic animals. In contrast, concomitant administration of 2 X 10(7) thioglycollate-stimulated peritoneal exudate adherent cells plus 10(8) alloimmune syngeneic spleen cells produced acute allograft rejection in 50% of B recipients within 10 to 12 days, while in every instance grafts underwent acute rejection (MST +/- SD = 10.0 +/- 1.4 days) in B recipients treated with interleukin 2 (IL 2) rich conditioned supernatant plus sensitized cells. In vitro studies revealed that adherent cells from B rats possessed less than 50% the capacity of adherent cells from normal animals either to support the Con A stimulated uptake of 3H-thymidine by splenic T cells or to promote production of IL 2 by spleen cells depleted of adherent cells. Altered lymphocyte migration patterns in B recipients may also contribute to prolonged allograft survival secondary to adherent cell dysfunction. PMID- 7045224 TI - Immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2. IV. Impaired lymphokine production during recrudescence correlates with an imbalance in T lymphocyte subsets. AB - Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) was studied in patients with recurrent disease. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) obtained during recrudescence (0 to 3 days post-onset of lesion), convalescence (4 to 14 days), and quiescence (greater than 14 days), which were cultured in vitro in the presence of UV-inactivated HSV-2 (G) antigen, demonstrated similar, virus specific lymphoproliferative responses. However, the production of the lymphokine, leukocyte migration-inhibition factor (LIF), was completely suppressed during recrudescence. During convalescence, LIF production returned to levels similar to those of PBL from seropositive controls (without a history of recurrent subsets revealed a significant increase in the proportion of T8+ and Ia+ cells during recrudescence and at prodrome (24 to 48 hr before onset of lesions). Glass adherence reduced the proportion of both T8+ and Ia+ cells and restored early (1 day) LIF activity, and recrudescent PBL suppressed the proliferation of autologous T cells in presence of UV-HSV-2 (G) antigen. The expression of both phenotypes and LIF production returned to control levels during convalescence. PMID- 7045225 TI - Distinct signals for antibody-dependent and nonspecific killing of tumor targets mediated by macrophages. PMID- 7045226 TI - An epidermal cell-derived cytokine triggers the in vivo synthesis of serum amyloid A by hepatocytes. AB - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates macrophages to produce a number of closely related soluble mediators, including interleukin 1 (IL 1), endogenous pyrogen (EP), and serum amyloid A (SAA) inducer, which are able to induce hepatocyte production of SAA, an acute-phase reactant. Keratinocytes also produce a soluble mediator, epidermal cell-derived thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF), which is very similar to IL 1. The experiments reported here show that unpurified ETAF containing preparations, as well as ETAF after chromatography by gel filtration (Sephacryl S-200), anion-exchange on DEAE, phenyl-Sepharose, or isoelectrofocusing, were all able to induce the in vivo production of SAA by hepatocytes. Additionally, ETAF and SAA inducer exhibited the same pattern of temperature sensitivity. These observations add further support to the hypothesis that ETAF, IL 1, EP, and SAA inducer comprise a group of closely related mediators and that nonlymphoid cells can produce mediators that can regulate systemic inflammatory reactions. PMID- 7045227 TI - Production of macrophage-activating factor by T lymphocyte clones and correlation with other lymphokine activities. AB - The production of macrophage-activating factor (MAF) by antigen-stimulated murine T lymphocyte clones has been compared with their cytolytic function and release of other lymphokines. MAF activity was measured by the capacity of peptone induced peritoneal exudate cells or bone marrow-derived macrophages to lyse 51Cr labeled tumor cells after incubation with supernatant from the stimulated T cells and a nonactivating, amplifying dose of lipopolysaccharide. Of 72 clones generated against H-2, MIs, H-Y, or Moloney leukemia virus-associated antigens, 68 were found to produce detectable quantities of MAF. Release of MAF by clones 1) occurred within 1 to 12 hr of exposure to antigen, 2) required stimulation with cells of the relevant antigenic specificity, and 3) could also be induced by concanavalin A, indicating that the cloned cells were the source of the activity. The capacity of a clone to produce MAF was independent of its antigenic specificity, cytolytic activity, or ability to produce interleukin 2 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity. In contrast, production of interferon and MAF was not dissociated for any of the clones tested. PMID- 7045228 TI - Neutral glycolipid antigens as developmental markers of mouse teratocarcinoma and early embryos: an immunologic and chemical analysis. AB - Purified rabbit antibodies to neutral glycolipids were analyzed for their binding to mouse embryonal carcinoma cells (ECC) and preimplantation mouse embryos. Antibodies to globotetraosylceramide first bind to 2 to 4-cell embryos and reach a peak of staining intensity with morulae, whereas anti-Forssman antibodies first bind to late morulae and then, most intensely, to early blastocysts. We compared the binding of a monoclonal anti-Forssman antibody with that of rabbit anti Forssman antibodies and show that although they react similarly with ECC, they do not do so with morulae: The monoclonal antibody stained weakly and unevenly, whereas the rabbit antiserum produced a uniformly bright immunofluorescent staining. Chemical analyses revealed that globotetraosylceramide is the most abundant glycolipid of F9 ECC and that there is poor correlation between the concentration of individual glycolipids in these cells and their reactivity with antibodies to glycolipid molecules. Interestingly, the 2 Forssman antibody reactive glycolipids of F9 ECC differ in their mobility on TLC plates from the classical Forssman antigen extracted from sheep red blood cells. This illustrates the potential problems in extrapolating from the coincident binding properties of an anti-glycolipid antibody to the chemical structure or abundance of an antigen in different cell types. PMID- 7045229 TI - The alloantibody response in the allogeneically pregnant rat. III. The location of the alloantibody-forming cells. AB - We determined the location of alloantibody formation in the allogeneically pregnant rat. Greater than 95% of the alloantibody-forming cells were found in the spleen. A few were found in the paraaortic, renal, and parathymic lymph nodes. None were found in other lymphomyeloid organs. In addition, in vitro alloantibody synthesis was largely confined to splenic cells. We conclude that the alloantibody response in the allogeneically pregnant rat is largely peripheral to the uterus and to the lymph nodes that drain the uterus. Therefore, the alloantibody response in the allogeneically pregnant rat cannot be considered an example of a local immune response. In addition, we confirmed that the anti paternal humoral response against RT1Aa caused by pregnancies by DA males differs dramatically from conventional and secondary pregnancy-induced alloimmunizations because the hierarchy of the number of alloplaques that are developed by these four methods of detecting alloplaques is different for primary pregnancy-induced responses as compared with conventional or secondary pregnancy-induced alloimmunizations. PMID- 7045230 TI - Different optimal PHA concentrations for stimulation of Chinese hamster lymphocytes in cultures supplemented with foetal calf serum or horse serum. AB - Chinese hamster lymphocyte cultures were supplemented with foetal calf serum (FCS) or hose serum (HS). Addition of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) to cultures supplemented with these sera resulted in a marked increase lymphocyte proliferation. The PHA concentrations necessary for optimal lymphocyte stimulation were much lower in cultures supplemented with HS than with FCS. Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) concentrations optimal for stimulation of a given number of lymphocytes in cultures supplemented with FCS often gave inhibition of similar cultures supplemented with HS. PMID- 7045231 TI - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis: qualitative and quantitative considerations. AB - Invented 20 years age, crossed immunoelectrophoresis (X-IEP) today is a technique of unusual power and myriad application. It combines very high resolution with exquisite specificity by alloying 2-dimensional electrophoresis with immunoprecipitation for symbiotic new potentialities. The consequent matchless quantitative/qualitative capabilities of X-IEP for analyzing antigens in complex mixtures, particularly by their idiomatic internal comparison, are still not widely recognized. Because of this and the supposed complications of its use and interpretation, X-IEP is more rarely used than it should be. This essay discusses contemporary X-IEP with the particular aims of demonstrating that it is not difficult to use and of explaining with selected examples why it is peculiarly powerful for analyzing antigen mixtures like the body fluids, tissue and cell extracts, and microbial homogenates. PMID- 7045232 TI - Studies of cultured human T lymphocytes. I. Production of the T cell growth promoting lymphokine interleukin-2. AB - Described herein is a large-scale procedure that has been successfully employed for producing 62 lots (800-3000 ml) of supernatants containing the T cell growth promoting factor Interleukin-2 (IL-2). The efficiency of these crude, unconcentrated supernatants was documented in studies in which 70 human long-term (greater than 100 days) IL-2-dependent T cell lines were established from 50 different donors. These included lines initiated from the peripheral blood of healthy subjects (N = 54), blood of children with active acute lymphoblastic leukemia (N = 6) and the thymus of children undergoing surgery to correct congenital heart defects (N = 10). The underlying concept used in constructing this method emphasizes the requirement of the monocyte-derived macrophage and its Interleukin-1 (IL-1) product to mediate IL-2 production by activated T cells. The most salient feature of this technique is the utilization of buffy coat leukocytes that had been pooled from several blood donors and sustained in spinner cultures for several days prior to polyclonal activation with phytohemagglutinin and pooled B cells of established human lymphoblastoid lines. PMID- 7045233 TI - A one-step procedure for preparation of classical pathway (C1q) and alternative pathway (factor D) depleted human serum. AB - A simple method for preparation of a serum depleted in both C1q and Factor D is described. The hemolytic activities of both pathways are completely abolished and can be fully restored using the respective purified complement components. Furthermore, this serum is useful for studying cell systems since blocking either complement pathway does not require chelating agents. PMID- 7045234 TI - Association between maternal Gm allotype and neonatal septicaemia with group B streptococci. AB - Thirty-four mothers to infants seriously infected with group B streptococci (GBS) were investigated for G1m (1) and G3m(5) allotype markers. The frequency of Gm (1, -5) was 14.7%, of Gm(1,5) 20.6% and Gm (-1, 5) 64.7%. There was a marked deficit Gm (1) individuals and the distribution significantly differed from that in the normal Swedish populations. PMID- 7045235 TI - Psychology: a way of living. PMID- 7045236 TI - A personal autobiography. PMID- 7045237 TI - Joseph Meiers' autobiography 1894--an Adlerian physician's mostly non-medical life story. PMID- 7045238 TI - Concanavalin A-mediated phagocytosis of yeast by Biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes in vitro: effects of temperature and lectin concentration. PMID- 7045239 TI - Laminin and bullous pemphigoid antigen are distinct basement membrane proteins synthesized by epidermal cells. AB - We sought to determine if laminin, a high molecular weight glycoprotein of basement membrane, is synthesized by epidermal cells and whether it is distinct from bullous pemphigoid (BP) antigen, another high molecular weight-protein of basement membrane. By indirect immunofluorescence we detected laminin in cultures of Pam cells ( a mouse keratinocyte cell line) and normal human epidermal cells. To directly demonstrate its biosynthesis, we labeled the cells with radioactive amino acids and then extracted the cell layers with nonionic detergent. Using immunoprecipitation followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and fluorography to identify radiolabeled laminin, we could precipitate the 2 chains of laminin from cell culture medium and extracts of the cell layers. BP antigen, immunoprecipitated from the cells, did not comigrate with laminin on SDS-PAGE. In addition, BP antigen could be immunoprecipitated from the cell extracts depleted of laminin, and conversely, laminin could be immunoprecipitated from cell extracts depleted of BP antigen. We conclude that laminin is synthesized by epidermal cells (specifically, keratinocytes) and is distinct from BP antigen. PMID- 7045240 TI - Carbohydrate chains specific for blood group antigens in differentiation of human oral epithelium. PMID- 7045241 TI - Inhibition of collagen accumulation in fibrotic processes: review of pharmacologic agents and new approaches with amino acids and their analogues. AB - Accumulation of collagen is the major pathologic feature in a variety of fibrotic processes, including dermal fibrosis in progressive systemic sclerosis, morphea, familial cutaneous collagenoma, connective tissue nevi of the collagen type and in keloids. Recent advances in the biochemistry of collagen have allowed us to define specific levels of collagen biosynthesis and degradation at which a pharmacologic intervention can lead to reduced collagen deposition. In this review, we are discussing the mechanisms of action by some of the therapeutic agents currently in use. We further present some new developments involving amino acids and their analogues which could potentially provide us with novel means to reduce the excessive accumulation of collagen in dermal fibrotic processes. PMID- 7045242 TI - Elastases and elastin degradation. AB - The metabolic turnover of mature elastin fibers in adult animals is relatively slow. Although only small amounts of elastin are degraded normally, increased degradation and fragmentation of elastic fibers may play a significant role in disease processes. Elastinolytic enzymes are found in microorganisms, snake venoms, and in a number of mammalian cells and tissues, including pancreas, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and macrophages. Elastinolytic enzymes fall into all 4 classes of proteinases (aspartic, cysteine, serine, and metallo) and show a spectrum of different specificities. All elastases studied to date have catalytic activity against protein and peptide substrates other than elastin. The presence of elastase activity is a virulence factor associated with the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas and other bacteria, dermatophytic fungi, and necrosis by rattlesnake venoms. Only elastinolytic enzymes are capable of inducing experimental pulmonary emphysema. Elastin degradation mediated by living macrophages and trophoblasts is confined to the immediate pericellular environment. Destruction of mature elastin by other mammalian elastases is probably the result of an imbalance in the normal inhibitor-proteinase ratio. The major plasma inhibitors contributing to the regulatory balance are alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha 2-macroglobulin. PMID- 7045243 TI - Epidermal-dermal interactions in adult skin. AB - Epidermal-dermal interactions are important determinants of embryonic development in skin. This review examines the role of such epidermal-dermal interactions in the conservation of epithelial specificity in adult skin. The basic epidermal keratinization program as defined as a proliferative basal cell population, orderly stratified cytodifferentiation of the cells and production of stratum corneum can be expressed by adult epidermis without the continued presence of a specific dermis. This is evidenced by the ability of epidermis to differentiate fully in association with nondermal connective tissues. Several other epithelia including cornea and esophagus express their specific differentiative characteristics without the continued presence of specific connective tissue. On the other hand, certain regional epithelial specificities in adult skin may be determined by the dermis. These regional epidermal specificities involve alterations in epidermal thickness, size of epidermal compartments including the stratum corneum, and the folding pattern at the epidermal-dermal interface. Possible mechanisms by which dermis could control these regional characteristics are discussed. Epidermal-dermal recombination techniques have been used to define the site of gene action in a variety of inherited skin abnormalities in animals. Similar studies are reported utilizing adult human skin in long-term cultivation on nude athymic mice. The abnormal gene in lamellar ichthyosis exerts its effect directly on the epidermis. Generalized exfoliative psoriasis was also studied by recombination techniques. Both epidermis and dermis were required for the maintenance of psoriatic morphology, suggesting a complex polygenic mechanism or one involving both genetic and environmental factors. PMID- 7045244 TI - Structure and metabolism of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans. AB - Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans have the common structural characteristics of linear polysaccharide chains consisting of a hexosamine alternating with another sugar. They play an important role in skin as part of the support matrix of connective tissue, and may be related to cell-cell, and cell-matrix interactions. In general the polysaccharide chains are covalently linked to protein and may contain varying amounts of sulfate resulting in a strong negative charge. Biosynthesis consists of the formation of the protein core followed by the sequential addition of sugars and sulfate to the nonreducing ends of growing chains. The synthetic process is highly organized with the final polysaccharide polymerization and sulfation taking place in the Golgi. Degradation of the proteoglycans is less well understood but probably involves endoglycosidases, exoglycosidases, and proteases which work in concert to degrade these substances. PMID- 7045245 TI - Collagens of basement membranes. AB - Recent biochemical and immunohistochemical studies have described several components of basement membranes including heparan sulfate proteoglycan, 2 high molecular weight glycoproteins (fibronectin and laminin), and 2 collagen types (IV and V). These collagens have several properties which distinguish them from other types that are located in the interstitium: (a) type IV forms an amorphous, felt-like matrix, and neither IV nor V is found in large, cross-banded fibrils, (b) both have an increased content of hydrophobic amino acids, (c) the precursor (pro) forms are larger than those of interstitial collagens, (d) type IV contains interruptions within the triple helix, and e) both IV and V are resistant to human skin collagenase but are substrates for selected neutral proteases derived from mast cells, macrophages, and granulocytes. By immunofluorescence staining, type IV collagen has been localized to basement membranes at the dermal-epidermal junction, in capillaries, and beneath endothelial cells in larger vessels. Ultrastructurally it has been shown to be a specific component of the lamina densa. Type V collagen has been localized to the pericellular matrices of several cells types and may be specific for extramembranous structures which are closely associated with basal laminae. Other collagenous proteins have been described which may be associated with the extracellular matrix. One of these is secreted by endothelial cells in culture and by peptide mapping represents a novel collagen type. It is secreted under ascorbate-free conditions and is highly sensitive to proteolytic degradation. It has been proposed that a dynamic reciprocity exists between cells and their extracellular matrix which partially determines cell shape, biosynthesis, migration, and attachment. Examples of phenotypic modulation in several of these phenomena have been shown with endothelial cells grown on different substrates and isolated from different vascular environments. PMID- 7045246 TI - Molecular and biological interactions of fibronectin. AB - Fibronectin is a high molecular weight glycoprotein present at cell surfaces and in various body fluids. It is involved in cellular adhesion. The frequent absence of fibronectin from the surface of malignant cells may contribute to the invasive growth of tumors. To develop a better understanding of the functions of fibronectin, we have studied its structure by making use of proteolytic fragmentation and monoclonal antibodies. Fragments of plasma fibronectin which retain one or several of the affinities of intact fibronectin have been purified using affinity chromatography on collagen and heparin, and on monoclonal antibodies. These studies reveal a structure in which the different functions are located in separate protease-resistant molecular domains. The NH2-terminal domain contains the binding sites for fibrin, actin, and Staphylococci; this is followed by a collagen-binding domain, the cell attachment domain, and at the COOH terminal end, the heparin-binding domain. These binding sites allow fibronectin to participate in multiple interactions with collagens and proteoglycans. The insoluble complexes formed by these 3 components that can be generated in vitro may represent a model for the basic structure of extracellular matrices. The role of fibronectin in such a matrix may be to contribute to the stability of the complex and to provide adhesion sites for cells. Disturbances in the interactions involving fibronectin could be potentially important to understanding diseases of connective tissues and in malignancy. PMID- 7045247 TI - Carriage of group B streptococci during pregnancy: a puzzler. PMID- 7045248 TI - Anorectal and vaginal carriage of group B streptococci during pregnancy. AB - A longitudinal prospective study of carriage of group B streptococci during pregnancy was conducted in 2,540 women over a three-year period. Carriage was documented in 18% of the women by anorectal culture, in 4% by vaginal culture, and in 13% by simultaneously obtained anorectal and vaginal cultures (overall carriage rate, 35%). The rate and pattern of carriage were nearly identical from year to year. In sequential cultures in the second and third trimesters of 754 women, carriage rates were 31% and 28%, respectively; only 17% of the women were carriers in both trimesters. (1) Persistence of carriage was most common when the initial anorectal swabs were positive, (2) spread from the intestinal tract to the vagina occurred, and (3) the intestinal tract was commonly the primary site of acquisition in patients with previously negative cultures. The intestinal tract appears to be a primary reservoir for group B streptococci and the likely source of vaginal or urogenital colonization in pregnant women. PMID- 7045249 TI - Maternal carriage and neonatal acquisition of group B streptococci. AB - Vaginal, cervical, and rectal swabs were obtained from 762 women early in pregnancy to culture group B streptococci (GBS). The overall carrier rate was 13.9% and the rectal, vaginal, and cervical carrier rates were 10.6%, 7.9%, and 6.3%, respectively, GBS were isolated only from the rectum in 33%, so the rectum is an important reservoir. Seventy-five percent of the culture-positive women were permanent or intermittent carriers. Ninety percent of all women positive at labor were positive before the 20th week; acquisition of GBS late in pregnancy was rare. The frequency of transmission to the neonates was 63.4% among permanent carriers. Other determinants for transmission were the number of positive sites, the heaviness of colonization, and the (cervical) localization of GBS at labor. The serotypes of GBS isolated from the mothers and neonates were the same. Serotype distribution fluctuated during pregnancy. Types III (29%) and Ib (27%) were predominant, followed by types II (12%) and Ic (10%). PMID- 7045250 TI - Identification of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by colony hybridization using three enterotoxin gene probes. AB - The applicability of examining clinical specimens with a DNA hybridization technique for genes encoding enterotoxins was examined using enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) that produced both heat-labile toxin (LT) and heat-stable toxin (ST) (24 isolates), ETEC that produced LT only (17 isolates), and ETEC that produced ST only (22 isolates) from Thailand. ETEC was identified with Y-l adrenal cell and suckling mouse assays. All were homologous with radiolabeled fragments of DNA encoding LT or ST of porcine origin (ST-P) or of human origin (ST-H). Strains of ETEC that produced ST only from rural Thailand were homologous with the ST-H probe only, whereas strains isolated in Bangkok were homologous with the ST-H probe, the ST-P probe, or both probes. The hybridization technique detected ETEC in all stool samples of patients with diarrhea from whom ETEC was isolated and in ETEC-inoculated water containing other species of bacteria. The DNA hybridization assay is useful for characterizing and identifying environmental sources of ETEC. PMID- 7045251 TI - Opsonic requirements for the uptake of Cryptococcus neoformans by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. AB - Chemiluminescence was used to determine opsonic requirements for interaction of Cryptococcus neoformans with human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) and monocytes (MNs). Peak chemiluminescence (mean +/- SD) was 172 +/- 25 X 10(3) for PMNLs and 50 +/- 13 X 10(3) for MNs with 20% pooled normal human serum vs. 10 +/- 3 X 10(3) for PMNLs and 6 +/- 1 X 10(3) for MNs without serum (P less than 0.005 for each comparison). The nature of the serum requirement was investigated; alternative pathway serum complements were necessary. The alternative pathway was activated directly by C. neoformans without the need for specific antibody. Chemiluminescence provided a quantitative and reproducible assay of the interaction of human phagocytes with C. neoformans and may be useful in studying opsonic requirements of other fungi. PMID- 7045252 TI - Current antibiotic susceptibility of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. PMID- 7045253 TI - Concomitant cases of acquired toxoplasmosis in children of a single family: evidence of reinfection. AB - During 1979, three brothers had antibody titers for toxoplasmosis of 1:1,024, 1:64, and 1:16, respectively, by IgG indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IgG IFA) test. The first child also had a fever and lymphadenopathy. In August 1980 the three children had lymphadenopathy and IgG-IFA test titers between 1:4,096 and 1:16,000. Two other brothers, first examined at that time, had IgG-IFA test titers between 1:1,024 and 1:4,096, one with ascending titers and the other with IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. The latter had lymphadenopathy, fever, and hepatosplenomegaly. Clinical and serologic examinations during March, April, and September 1981 revealed good health and decreasing IgG-IFA test titers in most of the brothers. The simultaneous increase of antibody titers during August 1980 in the three initial patients lead to the consideration of a probable reinfection. A simultaneous reactivation of the disease was considered less probable because acute toxoplasmosis occurred in two other brothers at the same time. PMID- 7045254 TI - Cold-adapted recombinant influenza A virus vaccines in seronegative young children. AB - Two live, attenuated, intranasally administered influenza virus vaccines were evaluated in 21 seronegative young children at Vanderbilt Children's Hospital (Nashville, Tennessee). The vaccines were derivatives of a cold-adapted master strain, influenza A/Ann Arbor/6/60 virus, containing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of one of two contemporary strains, influenza A/Hong Kong/123/77 (H1N1) or A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2) virus. Both vaccine strains replicated in seronegative young children without evidence of genetic instability. In addition, both vaccine strains caused no identifiable clinical reactions, were not transmitted to other seronegative children, and gave long-lasting immunity. In a subsequent naturally occurring epidemic of influenza A/Bangkok (H3N2) virus, children previously vaccinated with the related strain, influenza A/Alaska (H3N2) virus, were significantly protected as judged by serologic evidence of reinfection. PMID- 7045255 TI - Treatment of herpes simplex labialis with topical acyclovir in polyethylene glycol. AB - A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of topical 5% acyclovir (ACV) in polyethylene glycol (PEG) was carried out among 208 patients who had an episode of herpes simplex labialis. Patients who were treated with ACV had a greater decrease in median titers of virus in lesions between the first and second visits to the clinic than did patients who were treated with placebo (-1.5 log pfu [plaque-forming units] vs. -0.2 log pfu; P = 0.04). The antiviral effect occurred in the subgroup of patients who entered the study 0-8 hr after the onset of lesions. No differences were noted in the remaining patients who began treatment 9-25 hr after onset. An examination of the subgroup who had virus-positive specimens before treatment revealed prominent and more statistically significant virologic differences between treatment groups. No clinical benefit from treatment with ACV was observed; however, the present study describes the first antiviral effect of topical treatment for recurrent herpes labialis and identifies treatment strategies for future studies. PMID- 7045256 TI - Significance of intrarenal concentrations of gentamicin for the outcome of experimental pyelonephritis in rats. AB - The significance of continuous intrarenal levels of gentamicin in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis due to Echerichia coli was investigated in rats. Treatment was started 24 hr after E. coli was injected into the left kidney. A single dose or three successive doses (10 mg/kg of body weight) of gentamicin administered ip every 8 hr could not sterilize the kidneys. Injections of gentamicin (10 mg/kg) every 12 hr for seven or 14 days resulted in continuous levels of the drug in the medulla that persisted above the minimal inhibitory concentration for E. coli (1.6 microgram/ml) for six months or more. Whereas greater than or equal to 73% of the right kidneys or urine specimens were found to be sterile up to six months following a week of therapy, only 23% of the left kidneys were sterile. Two weeks of treatment sterilized greater than or equal to 86% of the left kidneys, right kidneys, and urine specimens. Concentrations of drug in serum and urine were poor predictors of both the intrarenal distribution of drug and the outcome of pyelonephritis. PMID- 7045257 TI - Wuchereria bancrofti infections in Egypt and their treatment with diethylcarbamazine. PMID- 7045258 TI - Renal tubular processing of small peptide hormones. AB - Reabsorption and/or degradation of proteins or peptides are functions of the proximal tubule. Large polypeptides or proteins are reabsorbed by luminal endocytosis and hydrolyzed by lysosomal enzymes. Our recent studies indicate that small linear peptides are hydrolyzed at the luminal membrane, with reabsorption of metabolites. The renal transport and hydrolysis of radiolabeled Al, All, BKN, oxytocin, glucagon, insulin, and LHRH were studied. Techniques for in vivo microinfusion of surface tubules in rats, arterial infusion in filtering and nonfiltering rat kidneys in vivo, and in vitro microperfusion of isolated rabbit nephron segments were used. Reabsorption of radiolabeled material was measured and the intact peptide or its metabolites were identified and quantified in urine, renal venous blood, bathing medium, and/or collection fluid. In addition, peptides were incubated in the presence of isolated renal membrane preparations to identify a probably cellular site of hydrolysis. The findings indicate that in proximal, but not distal tubules, radiolabeled Al, All, BKN, glucagon, and LHRH are hydrolyzed by brush border enzymes at the luminal membrane, followed by reabsorption of metabolites. In addition, it was found that, similar to the small intestine, the proximal tubule reabsorbed small peptide fragments, which were further degraded intracellurarly, In vivo inhibition studies with excess peptides revealed that hydrolysis is a more specific process than studies with excess peptides revealed that hydrolysis is a more specific process than reabsorption of metabolites. Large or small, complex peptides like insulin, oxytocin, or vasopressin that contain disulfide bridges are not hydrolyzed at the luminal brush border of the proximal tubule. In vivo sequestration and slow degradation of insulin by rat tubules suggest that this peptide is reabsorbed by endocytosis and degraded in lysosomes. Thus, as the molecular complexity or weight of a peptide increases, the mechanism for renal tubular degradation, instead of depending on luminal membrane hydrolysis, may primarily involve endocytosis and lysosomal digestion. This recently described mechanism for hydrolysis and transport of small linear peptides in the proximal nephron is characterized by having a high capacity and is analogous to membrane hydrolysis described for intestinal microvilli. The process may be biologically important to (1) conserve amino acids, (2) inactivate toxic peptides, and (3) help regulate circulating levels of peptide hormones. PMID- 7045259 TI - Enhancement of systemic immune response by immunization into chronically inflamed lungs. AB - Intrapulmonary instillation of proteins into rabbit lungs with BCG-induced granulomatous inflammation results in greater transport of these molecules into the blood, and the primary route is probably the pulmonary lymphatics. In addition, rabbits with inflamed lungs develop a more potent systemic immune response when exposed to soluble antigens as an aerosol. The current study was done to further study the mechanisms of this phenomenon using the Jerne plaque technique. Intrapulmonary immunization with soluble antigens (solubilized SRBCs and HSA) resulted in a greater PFC response to both antigens when the lungs exhibited BCG-induced granulomatous inflammation. A previous study demonstrated that more antigen administered intratracheally was found in the HLNs when the lungs displayed granulomatous inflammation. However, in the present study, we did not observe an enhanced PFC response in HLN cells when antigens were introduced into inflamed lungs. When rabbits with BCG-inflamed lungs were immunized i.v., they did not develop an enhanced PFC response in the spleen. Immunization into the respiratory tract of normal rabbits with large doses (300 micrograms) of soluble antigens also resulted in a substantial PFC response in the spleen that was quantitatively greater than that induced by the same i.v. dose. These data indicate that (1) administration of antigens into inflamed lung results in an enhanced systemic immune response, (2) although larger quantities of soluble antigens administered by the pulmonary route accumulate in the HLN when lungs are inflamed, cells from this tissue do not exhibit an enhanced PFC response, and (3) large doses of soluble antigens instilled into normal lungs induce a greater systemic immune response that the same doses administered i.v. This study further demonstrates the importance of pulmonary inflammation and the immune response to inhaled antigens and provides insight as to how individuals with chronic inflammatory lung disease can react in an augmented fashion to environmental antigens. PMID- 7045260 TI - Some unusual cures of deafness. PMID- 7045261 TI - Medical education in Alabama: Part I, the early years. PMID- 7045262 TI - What makes Dr. Henderson run? PMID- 7045263 TI - Dean Crawford: boom town USA. PMID- 7045264 TI - Dr. Blair and the black widow spider. PMID- 7045265 TI - Fifty years of psychiatry. PMID- 7045266 TI - Ultrastructure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae treated with econazole. PMID- 7045267 TI - Gelatin embedding for enzyme ultracytochemistry; acid phosphatase activity in sea urchin eggs. PMID- 7045268 TI - Luteinizing hormone responses to repeated injections of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in the rat during the oestrous cycle and after ovariectomy with or without oestrogen treatment. AB - In order to characterize the nature of the LH response to exogenous LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) in female rats during the oestrous cycle and after ovariectomy with or without oestrogen treatment, serum LH levels were determined after repeated LH-RH injections (300 ng/kg body wt, six times with 30-min intervals). The LH response to the first LH-RH stimulation was greatest on the days of pro oestrus and oestrus followed by dioestrus 2 and dioestrus 1. Second and subsequent LH-RH challenges enhanced the LH response only on pro-oestrus and dioestrus 2. Larger doses of LH-RH (3 microgram/kg body wt) induced a small self priming effect on dioestrus 1 and oestrus. The LH response to the first LH-RH administration increased with time up to 30 days after ovariectomy and then reached a plateau. A small self-priming effect was present in rats ovariectomized for 30 and 60 days, but absent in rats ovariectomized for 5, 10 and 120 days. Oestrogen treatment increased the self-priming effect in rats ovariectomized for 5 days, with little sensitization of the pituitary gland to the first LH-RH injection on the next day. In rats ovariectomized for 120 days, oestrogen treatment enhanced responsiveness to the first and successive LH-RH stimulations on the next day, and further enhancement to the first response only was induced 3 days after oestrogen treatment. PMID- 7045269 TI - Initiation of spermatogenesis and testicular growth in oestradiol-17 beta implanted bull calves with pulsatile infusion of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. AB - Testicular growth and secretory profiles of LH and testosterone were monitored in three bull calves implanted with oestradiol-17 beta and three bull calves implanted with oestradiol-17 beta and infused intravenously with LH releasing hormone (LH-RH; 500 ng/pulse per h, 30-s pulse) continuously between 34 and 42 weeks of age. Oestradiol-17 beta implants restricted testicular growth and spermatogenesis by interfering with the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular endocrine axis. Initiation of pulsatile LH release by LH-RH pulse infusion was accompanied by a twofold increase in mean circulating levels of LH (3.4 v. 1.8 microgram/l) and a marked increase in serum testosterone (13.0 v. 0.4 microgram/l). Testicular diameter was enhanced significantly by week 4 of infusion and increased in a linear fashion up to and including week 8. Testicular weight (g) and total daily sperm production (X 10(9)) at 42 weeks of age were decreased in calves implanted with oestradiol-17 beta (105 +/- 14 (S.E.M.); 0.0) when compared with calves implanted with oestradiol-17 beta and infused with LH RH (254 +/- 12; 1.2 +/- 0.3). Differences in testicular size and sperm production rates between LH-RH-infused and control bulls without implants (352 +/- 26; 3.3 +/- 0.9) were attributed to the 2-month delay between oestradiol-17 beta treatment and the initiation of LH-RH treatment. These results (1) confirm our earlier conclusion that oestradiol-17 beta can interfere with normal pubertal development in beef bulls and (2) provide additional support that pulsatile LH secretion is important for the initiation of testicular growth and spermatogenesis in pubertal bulls. PMID- 7045270 TI - Regulation of insulin receptors by prolactin in lactating rat mammary gland. AB - Bromocriptine treatment of lactating rats, or removal of the litter, led to a decrease in the number of insulin receptors in the mammary gland and an increase in the concentration of insulin in the serum. Bromocriptine also induced a decrease in the concentration of both prolactin and progesterone in the serum, whilst concurrent treatment with the former but not the latter prevented all the effects of bromocriptine for 48 h. Removal of the litter produced a similar decrease in the concentration in the serum of prolactin but not of progesterone. Treatment with prolactin prevented all of the effects of removal of the litter for 24 but not 48 h. This suggests that these effects of prolactin may require a mammary gland actually synthesizing milk since the gland rapidly fills with milk after removing the litter whereas milk removal continues to take place in bromocriptine-treated rats allowed to continue nursing their litters. PMID- 7045271 TI - A tribute to Louis I. Grossman. PMID- 7045272 TI - Circumsporozoite proteins of human malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were raised against sporozoites of two species of malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. The antibodies reacted with polypeptides (circumsporozoite proteins) that are uniformly distributed over the entire surface of sporozoites, as shown by indirect immunofluorescence and by the circumsporozoite precipitin reaction. The epitopes recognized by the monoclonal antibodies were expressed on sporozoites from different geographical isolates of the homologous species but were not detected on sporozoites of heterologous species nor on blood forms of the parasite. The monoclonal antibody to P. falciparum specifically immunoprecipitated two polypeptides of apparent 67,000 mol wt (Pf67) and 58,000 mol wt (Pf58) from extracts of [35S]methionine labeled P. falciparum sporozoites. Similarly, the anti-P. vivax monoclonal immunoprecipitated two proteins of 51,000 mol wt (Pv51) and 45,000 mol wt (Pv45) from extracts of metabolically labeled P. vivax sporozoites. The extracts were also reacted with the serum of human volunteers successfully vaccinated with sporozoites of either P. vivax or P. falciparum. The patterns of immunoprecipitation were almost identical to those obtained with the corresponding monoclonal antibodies. The circumsporozoite proteins of P. falciparum and P. vivax play a role in immune protection. Incubation of the appropriate monoclonal antibody with viable sporozoites of the homologous species significantly reduced parasite infectivity, as determined by sporozoite neutralization assays carried out in splenectomized chimpanzees. PMID- 7045273 TI - Managing diuretic-induced hypokalemia in ambulatory hypertensive patients. PMID- 7045274 TI - Meningitis secondary to multiply resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. PMID- 7045275 TI - The symptomatic accessory navicular bone. PMID- 7045276 TI - Pediatricians and family physicians: future competition for child patients? AB - The specialties of family practice and pediatrics, as well as the numbers of nonphysician child health practitioners, are growing much faster than is the population of children. Current figures suggest that the aggregate supply of practitioners is already adequate and will be in excess by 1990. These overall statements, however, mask the fact that physicians are unevenly dispersed and that substantial numbers of children have unmet medical care needs. If present trends in practice content and geographic preference continue, the outlook is for direct competition for patients between the specialties in many locations. Major factors that could influence the character of the competitive responses include differences in practice content amd location, public and private financing for time spent addressing psychosocial and behavioral problems, changes in Medicaid affecting participation by office-based physicians, and subspecialization trends within both specialties. PMID- 7045277 TI - The gradostat: a bidirectional compound chemostat and its application in microbiological research. AB - A multistage continuous culture system is described in which solutes are transferred between vessels in opposite directions simultaneously. The system, called a gradostat, produces opposing solute gradients and is a good laboratory model of many natural microbial ecosystems in which solute gradients are important. Theoretical predictions concerning solute transfer were confirmed under steady-state and non steady-state conditions, using a coloured dye. Paracoccus denitrificans grew anaerobically in the gradostat at the intersection between opposing gradients of succinate and nitrate. Opposing gradients of glucose and oxygen separated the growth of a Bacillus sp. (a facultative anaerobe) and Clostridium butyricum (an obligate anaerobe). Viable counts for both species fell exponentially away from their growth positions at the ends of the gradostat. The potential value of the gradostat and possible alternative conformations are discussed. PMID- 7045278 TI - Physiological behaviour of Escherichia coli grown in opposing gradients of oxidant and reductant in the gradostat. AB - Gradients of nutrients are extremely common in nature, and this paper describes changes in the physiology of Escherichia coli grown in the gradostat, a series of five linked vessels with opposing gradients of glucose and of oxygen plus nitrate. Most growth occurred at the aerobic and anaerobic ends of the system. High rates of respiration, high energy charge and high activities of various oxidative enzymes were seen in the two most aerobic vessels; however, oxygen provision was presumably poor, because nitrate reductase activities were also high in this region. Vessels 3 and 4 showed the lowest values for respiration rate, enzyme activity and energy charge, and cells here were both nutrient starved and possibly inhibited by nitrite. Vessel 5 was highly anaerobic, resulting in the presence of hydrogenase activity. It was concluded that cells found in different regions of the gradostat had undergone biochemical differentiation in spatial gradients of electron donors and acceptors. PMID- 7045279 TI - Proline uptake in Candida albicans. AB - L-Proline entered both mycelial and yeast cells of Candida albicans by an active transport system of high specificity at low (less than 0.1 mM) external concentrations of substrate. The apparent Km value of this system was 0.1 mM for both types of cells, while the V value was 4 nmol min-1 (mg dry wt)-1 for mycelial cells and 1.4 nmol min-1 (mg dry wt)-1 for yeast cells. At L-proline concentrations greater than 0.1 mM, the amino acid appeared to enter both morphological forms by diffusion as well as active transport. As saturation was approached diffusion became increasingly important. The higher uptake rate of mycelial cells seemed not to be the result of an inducible system. The optimal pH and temperature for transport of L-proline were 7.0 and 37 degrees C, respectively. Sodium azide and the proline analogues sarcosine and L-azetidine-2 carboxylic acid inhibited L-proline uptake, while L-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid was less effective. The active transport system was highly specific for L proline since neither ammonium ions, which inhibit the general amino acid transport system of fungi, nor 16 different amino acids interfered substantially with uptake. PMID- 7045280 TI - Genetic stability of differentiated functions in Streptomyces hygroscopicus in relation to conditions of continuous culture. AB - The genetic stability of the capacity of an improved strain of Streptomyces hygroscopicus to produce the macrolide antibiotic turimycin was investigated during long-term continuous culture. Dilution rate, growth-limiting substrate and culture temperature were varied. Certain culture conditions resulted in the stable propagation of the inoculated turimycin-producing population. Other conditions led to segregation of the initial population. Turimycin non-producing phenotypes appeared, and in each case the simultaneous loss of ability to form aerial mycelium was observed. The non-differentiating clones were found to be stable, without any reversion to the parental phenotype, indicating that a loss of genetic information probably took place. PMID- 7045281 TI - Protoplast fusion hybrids of Candida albicans sterol mutants differing in nystatin resistance. AB - Intraspecific protoplast fusion, induced by polyethylene glycol and Ca2+, was carried out in various pairings between auxotrophic nystatin-sensitive, ergosterol-producing strains of Candida albicans and their nystatin-resistant, ergosterol-less mutants of different origins. Nutritionally-complemented stable heterozygous diploid hybrids were obtained, which proved to be sensitive, semi resistant or resistant to nystatin as a consequence of complementation or non complementation for ergosterol biosynthesis. Dominant mutation control of the resistance was not found. PMID- 7045282 TI - Relationship between cyclopropane synthetase and the formation of cyclopropane fatty acids by Proteus vulgaris grown under various respiratory conditions. AB - In medium saturated with oxygen, the cyclopropane synthetase (unsaturated phospholipid methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.16) of Proteus vulgaris was generally synthesized after the mid-exponential phase of growth. The enzyme could also be induced by rapidly limiting the oxygen supply, or by initiating respiration on nitrate or thiosulphate following an initial period of growth in a highly aerobic environment. In each of these 'step-down' situations the specific activity of cyclopropane synthetase rose to a maximum prior to the stationary phase of growth and subsequently decreased. The cyclopropane fatty acids, methylene hexadecanoic acid and methylene octadecanoic acid accumulated throughout exponential growth following the induction of the enzyme. During a 12 h period in the stationary phase there was little synthesis of either of the fatty acids, despite detectable cyclopropane synthetase activity in the cells, indicating that essentially all the fatty acid synthesis was complete prior to entering the stationary phase. When nitrate was used as a respiratory electron acceptors a twofold increase in octadecenoic acid was observed, giving rise to an increase in methylene octadecanoic acid. This increase in octadecanoic acid was not apparent in mutants unable to respire on nitrate. PMID- 7045283 TI - Colicins E4, E5, E6 and A and properties of btuB+ colicinogenic transconjugants. AB - E colicins are those inactive on btuB mutants, which lack the outer membrane protein that adsorbs vitamin B12, E colicins and phage BF23; types E1, E2, E3 and E7 have been defined by the specific immunity of E-colicinogenic strains to the type of E colicin they produce. Further immunity types - E4, E5, E6 - are now described. Shigella sonnei of colicin type 9 makes colicin E4, and Shigella sonnei of types 9A, 12 and 14 make colicin E6 (not colicin E3, as previously supposed). Many local Shigella sonnei isolates make E colicin of a new type - E5. The action of colicins E1 to E7 was (incompletely) blocked by vitamin B12, which also reduced the effect of A colicins (which are weakly active on Escherichia coli K12 btuB indicators). Escherichia coli K 12 given plasmid Co1A-23 by transformation was immune to A colicins but sensitive to colicins E1 to E7. A purported 'colicin E4' was shown to be of class colicin A. Escherichia coli K 12(CloDF13) transformants were immune to colicin E6. A 'cap' of colicin-sensitive indicator bacteria developed over, but not around, killed colonies of btuB+ E colicinogenic strains, because of adsorption of colicin by non-induced bacteria of the colony. Killed colonies of btuB+ E-colicinogenic strains gave partly discrete lobes of colicin action on indicator lawns, instead of circular zones, apparently as a result of unstable variation in colicin production. The presence of a colicin E4, E5 or E6 plasmid in K12 btuB+ strains made them more sensitive to colicins E2 and E7, as shown by zones of partial translucency surrounding the ordinary colicin zones and by increased titre of colicin E2 and E7 preparations on such indicators. PMID- 7045284 TI - [Emile Zola and genetics. The neurosis of the Rougon-Macquart family]. PMID- 7045285 TI - Application to mammalian tissues of the chemiluminescent method for detecting acetylcholine. AB - It is now possible to extend to mammalian tissues the chemiluminescent acetylcholine assay. Mammalian tissue extracts must be treated with oxidants (which is not necessary for electric organ extracts). The assay can then be performed as previously described (acetylcholinesterase hydrolyses acetylcholine; choline oxidase converts choline to betaine and H2O2, which gives off light in the presence of luminol and peroxidase). It is also shown that release experiments can be performed on mammalian tissue slices (mouse caudate nucleus) after the slice is washed in oxygenated saline solutions. PMID- 7045286 TI - Fatty acid activation and temperature perturbation of rat brain microsomal phospholipase D. AB - The hydrolytic and transphosphatidylation activities of rat brain microsomal phospholipase D were highly latent in the absence of an appropriate activator. The most suitable surfactants for this activation were oleate and palmitoleate. Besides the bile acids and unsaturated fatty acids, other naturally occurring surfactants, such as lysophospholipids, acidic phospholipids, acyl-CoA's, and gangliosides, were inactive. Taurodeoxycholate, at optimal concentration, produced a profound inhibition of oleate activation. Phospholipase D activity was detectable in all rat tissues investigated. The optimal incubation temperature for phospholipase D was 30 degrees C, with a break point at 16.1 degrees C in an Arrhenius plot. PMID- 7045287 TI - Neurochemical characterization of an antimony-choline analog in rat cortical synaptosomes. AB - An analog of choline, in which nitrogen was replaced by antimony, was neurochemically characterized in rat cortical synaptosomes. It was found to be a substrate for several cholinergic enzymes, transported by a Na+-dependent, hemicholinium-3-sensitive process, acetylated, and subsequently released by depolarization in a calcium-dependent manner. Sb-choline also completed with choline for Na+-dependent uptake and for acetylation by [14C]acetyl-CoA in synaptosomes. These results suggest that Sb-choline and its acetylated product should be useful substrates for the x-ray microanalytical localization of cholinergic pools in intact nerve terminals. PMID- 7045288 TI - Increased nervous system-specific enolases in rat plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in bilirubin encephalopathy detected by an enzyme immunoassay. AB - Three forms of enolase isozymes (alpha alpha, alpha gamma, gamma gamma), including nervous system-specific forms, were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid and the blood plasma of jaundiced or nonjaundiced infant rats by means of enzyme immunoassay systems capable of detecting each form of enolase at the 1 amol (10( 18) mol) level. Average enolase levels in cerebrospinal fluid in normal rat were 2.0, 0.2 and 0.1 pmol/ml for alpha alpha, alpha gamma, gamma gamma forms, respectively. Levels of alpha gamma and gamma gamma forms (nervous system specific enolases; NSE) in jaundiced rats, which suffer Purkinje cell degeneration due to the inborn hyperbilirubinemia, were three to four times as high as the normal values. When kernicterus was induced in jaundiced rats by an injection of bucolome, the NSE level in cerebrospinal fluid was elevated up to more than 30-fold the control, together with a significantly higher level of alpha gamma form in blood plasma are helpful in detecting neuronal damage in the central nervous system. PMID- 7045289 TI - An evaluation of gamma-glutamyl dipeptide derivatives as antagonists of amino acid-induced Na+ fluxes in rat striatum slices. PMID- 7045290 TI - Evidence for case-to-case transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AB - Three cases of probable iatrogenic transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by neurosurgery are detailed together with a cluster of three cases in Eastern England possibly connected by dental procedures, and the development of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a patient who had been in social contact with a familial case. PMID- 7045291 TI - Hemi-dystonia due to focal basal ganglia lesion after head injury and improved by stereotaxic thalamotomy. PMID- 7045292 TI - A comparative study of disopyramide and procainamide in the treatment of myotonia in myotonic dystrophy. AB - Ten patients with myotonic dystrophy were allocated at random to treatment with disopyramide and procainamide in a cross-over trial. Disopyramide was found to be at least as effective as procainamide in the relief of myotonia; and two patients who could not tolerate procainamide both tolerated disopyramide. PMID- 7045293 TI - Development of Thy-1 antigen on cerebellar neurons in culture. AB - The Thy-1.1 cell surface antigen was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence on two types of neurons in dissociated cell cultures of developing rat cerebellum. In cultures from postnatal rats, small cells predominated. They bound tetanus toxin, a neuronal marker, and did not have the capacity to take up gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) as measured by autoradiography. From these properties, we conclude that they are granule cells. These neurons began to express the surface antigen Thy-1.1 by 2 weeks in culture, and by 4 weeks, the antigen was detected on about 40% of all of the surviving neurons. The second type of neuron, which may be a heterogeneous mixture of cerebellar neurons, was numerous only in cultures prepared from embryonic rats. They were larger than granule cells and expressed Thy-1.1 antigen after a few days in culture. Such cells bound tetanus toxin and were negative for the glial markers galactocerebroside and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Thy-1-positive cells and cells with high GABA uptake were most frequent in embryonic day 19 cultures, where 40 to 50% of all of the neurons were positive for either property. They survived about 1 week in culture. The size and frequency of Thy-1 cells and the frequency of similar cells with high GABA uptake suggest that the embryonic rat cultures included many Purkinje cells, which express Thy-1. PMID- 7045294 TI - Evaluation of CSF shunt patency by means of technetium-99m DTPA. AB - Evaluation of 192 cerebrospinal fluid shunts was performed using 1 mCi of technetium-99m DTPA which was injected into the shunt tubing. This was found to be a safe, simple method of evaluating shunt patency. No complications were noted with this procedure, nor was there any documented case of infection related to the injection of the isotope. The sensitivity of the test for evaluation of patency was 97%, specificity 90%, and accuracy 93%. Various patterns of tracer clearance are noted and discussed. The role on this test as an aid in making management decisions is detailed. PMID- 7045295 TI - Radionuclide visualization of the azygos venous system. PMID- 7045296 TI - Twenty-five years of nuclear medicine. (opening address to the 5th Congress of the European Nuclear Medicine Society). PMID- 7045297 TI - Effect of zinc deficiency on prostaglandin synthesis in different organs of the rat. AB - Zinc has been implicated in regulation of some aspects of prostaglandin (PG) metabolism. Effects of zinc deficiency, on PG synthesis and secretion were examined. Weanling rats were fed a control (adequate in zinc) or a zinc-deficient diet for 30 days. A third group was pair-fed to the zinc-deficient group with the control diet. The rats were anesthetized with ether, and tissues were excised for analysis. Zinc concentrations were measured in plasma, gut contents, gut mucosa, liver, lung and tibia. Prostaglandins F2alpha, E1, E2, thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 6 keto PGF1alpha (metabolite of PGI2, met I2) and 13, 14-dihydro-15 keto PGF2alpha (met F2alpha) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results indicate that, with the exception of gut contents, in most organs studied and for most PG measured, food restriction is as effective in reducing PG level as zinc deficiency. In the gut contents, however, there was a positive correlation between zinc and PGE1 concentrations, and zinc deficiency decreased PGE1, PGF2alpha and PGI2 metabolite levels beyond food restriction. The decrease in PG concentrations of gut contents without any change in their mucosal concentrations suggests an active process of PG secretion involving zinc. In addition, in serum from clotted blood, zinc deficiency increased the level of met F2alpha (p less than 0.05), suggesting that zinc might be involved in control of PG levels by changing PG degradation rate. PMID- 7045298 TI - Predictive identification of hypersusceptible individuals. PMID- 7045299 TI - Informing those with a need to know. PMID- 7045300 TI - Psychosocial & neural mechanisms in health & disease historical perspectives. PMID- 7045301 TI - Autogenous calvarial bone dust for mandibular reconstruction. PMID- 7045302 TI - Biologic basis for interpositional autogenous bone grafts to the mandible. AB - Interpositional autogenous bone grafting procedures were performed in the mandibles of 12 beagle dogs to assess cell survival within the graft and the superiorly repositioned alveolus, and to monitor the remodeling process. Histologic and radiologic results indicated that the grafts were well accepted and that new bone was rapidly laid down on their trabeculae. However, the osteocytes within the autografts generally did not survive. There was no evidence of necrosis of the superiorly displaced alveolus, nor any resorption of its surface cortex, and it rapidly united with the autograft and the mandible to produce a stable structure. This study confirms that the lingual pedicle of soft tissue is adequate to maintain the viability of the superiorly repositioned alveolus or segment and to allow rapid remodeling of the autogenous bone graft. PMID- 7045303 TI - The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in bony reconstruction of the irradiated and tissue-deficient patient. AB - Eighteen bony reconstructions of the mandible or maxilla using a newly defined and specific hyperbaric oxygen protocol are reported. Eleven of 12 grafts in irradiated tissue met six rigid criteria for a 91.6% rate of success. All six grafts into scarred and deficient tissue beds also met the same criteria, for an overall success rate of 94%. The rationale for emphasizing preoperative tissue preparation using hyperbaric oxygen is discussed, as are the mechanisms of action of hyperbaric oxygen on a biochemical, cellular, and tissue level. Neovascularity and neocellularity are demonstrated histologically by human biopsy specimens, and this is suggested as being the reason for the excellent results of reconstruction in irradiated and/or deficient tissue beds. PMID- 7045304 TI - Steinmann pin stabilization after horizontal mandibular osteotomy. PMID- 7045305 TI - Use of the mandibular staple bone plate with augmentation in bone grafts. AB - The mandibular staple bone plate is a helpful adjunct to the treatment of advanced mandibular atrophy when augmentation bone grafts are required. The vestibuloplasty procedure can often be eliminated or modified. The patient can be prosthetically rehabilitated sooner and experiences much greater stability than with conventional denture. If instability contributes to bone loss, then the mandibular staple bone plate should decrease the rate of bone loss in these more vulnerable denture patients and subsequently improve the long term results of the augmentation procedures. PMID- 7045306 TI - [Tonsillectomy under general anesthesia and hemostatic technics]. PMID- 7045307 TI - An immunocytochemical study of alpha-lactalbumin in human breast tissue. AB - The distribution of the milk protein, lactalbumin, has been studied in human breast tissue by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique on formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections. It was found in all lactating breasts examined and in all breasts from subjects who were more than 18 weeks pregnant. It was also seen in a small proportion of non-pregnant, non-lactating patients usually confined to small focal secretory lobular lesions known as lactational foci but also occasionally in morphologically normal lobules. Previous pregnancy does not appear to be a pre-requisite for lactalbumin secretion and our study suggests a possible relationship with usage of hormonal preparations. A wide variety of benign and malignant breast lesions were studied and none was found to contain the protein, except for fibroadenomas from patients who were pregnant or who harboured lactional foci. The absence of lactalbumin from all 44 breast carcinomas studied suggests that it has no role to play as a marker in the histopathological diagnosis or clinical monitoring of this disease. PMID- 7045308 TI - Enolase isoenzyme distribution in the human brain and its tumours. AB - Using the immunoperoxidase PAP method we have studied the cellular distribution of alpha, beta and gamma enolase subtypes in normal human adult brain and in human brain neoplasms. Gamma enolase is found only in viable neurones throughout the brain. Alpha enolase is demonstrable in astrocytes, ependymal cells, capillary endothelial cells. Schwann cells and arachnoidal endothelial cells but oligodendrocytes appear to have low levels of this isoenzyme. Beta enolase is not demonstrable in normal brain tissues. Of the primary cerebral neoplasm studied only medulloblastomas and neuroblastomas did not contain demonstrable enolase. Astrocytomas, ependymomas, oligodendrocytomas, meningiomas and acoustic neuromas all contained varying quantities of alpha enolase. No cerebral tumours contained beta or gamma enolase. Tumour and adjacent brain tissue with histological evidence of ischaemia and necrosis showed loss of cellular enolase. PMID- 7045309 TI - Biological markers in human breast carcinoma. AB - An indirect immunoperoxidase method has been used to study a series of breast carcinomas for the presence of five potential biological markers (two appropriate to breast, two placental proteins and one oncofetal protein). One or more markers were detectable in 84 per cent. of tumours, two or more in 60 per cent. and three of more in 32 per cent. Similarity of staining patterns was noted for two placental proteins and for the oncofetal protein and one placental protein. Markers appropriate to breast tissue tended to be detected in separate areas. In certain instances more than one antigen could be detected within the same cell. The relationship of the number of markers present to histological differentiation was found to be complex, but carcinomas with three or more antigens demonstrated showed a tendency to be well or moderately differentiated. Tumours with no markers often had not metastasised to lymph nodes but conversely those with four and five markers had. A striking throughout the study was the heterogenous secretory nature of breast carcinomas. PMID- 7045310 TI - An immunoperoxidase study of immunological factors in high immune and low resistance granulomas in leprosy. AB - The epithelioid cell granuloma in high resistant tuberculoid (TT) leprosy was contrasted with the pure macrophage granuloma of anergic lepromatous leprosy (LL) by evaluating various immunological factors operating in these lesions. The immunoperoxidase technique using antisera to immunoglobulin IgG, IgM, complement C3, C3d and C1q and other products of macrophage secretion, lysozyme, plasminogen, a1 antitrypsin and C-reactive protein and of Ia antigens revealed peak levels in tissues of most of these factors in both types of granuloma. The tuberculoid response was linked to low antigenic load and Ia-like antigen and the lepromatous response was secondary to a high antigenic load in the absence of Ia antigen. Complement and other mediators were found intracellularly in both tuberculoid and lepromatous granulomas, but extracellularly only in tuberculoid lesions. This may indicate local hypersensitivity in the tuberculoid granuloma. It is suggested that the mediators in LL macrophages remain bound to lipids of mycobacterial degenerations in the phagocytic vacuole. Secretory cells were differently sited in the two types of granulomas: peripheral in epithelioid cell lesions and central around capillaries over the whole lesion in pure macrophage granulomas of LL. In tuberculoid leprosy many of the central vessels in the granuloma were obliterated. C1q was found in fibroblasts. However, the marked absence of fibrosis in any of the lesions of leprosy, except following severe reactions, casts some doubt on the link which has been postulated between epithelioid cells and fibroblasts as an explanation of fibrosis in granulomas. PMID- 7045311 TI - Permanent neonatal diabetes in an infant of an insulin-dependent mother. PMID- 7045312 TI - The first 50 years of The Journal of Pediatrics. PMID- 7045313 TI - Vidarabine therapy of varicella in immunosuppressed patients. AB - In order to assess further the clinical usefulness of vidarabine therapy of chicken pox, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed in immunocompromised patients. Thirty-four patients entered the trial; 19 received vidarabine and 15 the placebo. All patients had disease less than or equal to 72 hours in duration and 23 had lymphoproliferative malignancies. Both patient populations were balanced for underlying disease, preceding chemotherapy, and duration of chicken pox. No patient received zoster immune globulin. Drug therapy accelerated cessation of new vesicle formation (P = 0.015) and decreased median daily lesion counts (P = 0.06 on days 2 and 3). Fever (greater than or equal to 37.8 degrees C orally) resolved more rapidly in the drug-treated group. By day five, 70% of drug-treated subjects were afebrile in contrast to 35% of placebo recipients (P = 0.066). One drug recipient developed mild pneumonitis during the study which resolved with therapy, whereas eight placebo recipients developed varicella-related complications which led to death in two patients (P less than 0.01). These results were achieved with minimal evidence of laboratory or clinical toxicity related to drug administration. The findings indicate that vidarabine has a good therapeutic index (efficacy/toxicity) for treatment of chicken pox in immunocompromised patients when given early in the course of the infection. PMID- 7045314 TI - Pulse methylprednisolone therapy in diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. AB - The prognosis of patients with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis is generally poor, and the majority of patients with this lesion develop progressive deterioration in renal function. Intravenous "pulses" of methylprednisolone have been advocated for the treatment of severe nephritis. In this study, 15 patients with biopsy-proven diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis were treated with oral high-dose prednisone therapy, initially 2 mg/kg/day. They were compared with seven patients with similar renal pathology treated with six daily pulses of methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg/day, not to exceed 1 gm/day), followed by prednisone orally, initially 2 mg/kg/day. There were no deaths in either group and the side effects of therapy were similar in the two groups. Pretreatment GFRs for the pulse and high-dose groups were similar. There was a more rapid improvement in GFR following pulse therapy, but the long-term effects on renal function for the two modes of therapy were the same. PMID- 7045315 TI - Endocrine pancreatic response of children with onset of insulin-requiring diabetes before age 3 and after age 5. AB - The increased incidence of severe hypoglycemia reported in young children with diabetes is consistent with a defect in glucagon secretion or a generalized abnormality in islet hormone secretion. To assess pancreatic hormone and gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion in children with early onset diabetes, 12 children with onset of diabetes prior to the age of 28 months were studied and the data compared to the hormone responses observed in 11 children with LOD, diagnosed after the age of 5 years. Plasma glucose, C-peptide, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and gastric inhibitory peptide concentrations were measured during and following an arginine infusion (500 mg/kg over 60 minutes) and a mixed meal. During arginine infusion, plasma glucose and glucagon increased similarly in both groups and returned to basal concentrations following discontinuation of arginine infusion. In contrast, plasma C-peptide, hPP, and GIP concentrations did not change. Following the mixed meal plasma glucose, hPP, and GIP concentrations increased similarly in the two groups of children, but no change was observed in either plasma glucagon or C-peptide concentrations in either group. These data demonstrate that EOD and LOD are associated with insulin insufficiency alone and that abnormalities in secretion of other pancreatic islet hormone or GIP cannot be implicated in the high incidence of severe hypoglycemia observed in children with EOD. PMID- 7045316 TI - Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: three types of clinical response. AB - In a retrospective analysis, 51 patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, who were treated with steroid or cyclophosphamide therapy, were divided into three clinical groups according to the remission profile of their nephrotic syndrome. Group 1 patients (19.37%) consistently responded to medication; none has progressive renal failure (mean follow-up 10.6 years). Group 2 patients (25, 40%) failed to respond to medication; terminal renal failure has occurred in 12 of them. Group 3 patients (7, 14%) initially appeared to be responsive to medication and continued to respond for up to 18 months, but subsequently became unresponsive to any therapy; five of them have required dialysis or transplantation. This third group of patients could not be separated clinically or pathologically from group 1 patients, all of whom have an excellent prognosis. One should, therefore, be cautious about predicting the outcome of steroid-responsive nephrotic patients, especially those with FSGS, until at least 18 months after the onset of illness. PMID- 7045317 TI - A review of The Journal of Pediatrics: the first 50 years. PMID- 7045318 TI - Motilin, human pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin, and insulin plasma concentrations in fasted children. PMID- 7045319 TI - Screening for group A streptococcus by means of anaerobic primary plate technique. PMID- 7045320 TI - The effect of vitamin E prophylaxis on the incidence and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PMID- 7045321 TI - Histometric comparison of active and inactive lesions of advanced periodontitis. PMID- 7045322 TI - Initial healing of periodontal pockets after a single episode of root planing monitored by controlled probing forces. AB - THE PURPOSE OF the present study was to evaluate, using controlled probing forces, the response of periodontal pockets to a single episode of root planing. The clinical characteristics of 128 pockets (3-7 mm depth) distributed in ten subjects, were monitored immediately before and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after a single episode of subgingival root planing. The clinical parameters measured were: pocket depth and bleeding after probing with 15 gm, 25 gm, 50 gm of controlled probing force and manual probing, gingival margin location, loss of attachment, gingival and plaque indices. Oral hygiene instruction and supragingival prophylaxis were given at each time point. An average aggregated score for each subject for each parameter was calculated at each time point. A repeated measure all-within analysis of variance was done, and the Tukey multiple range test was used to assess the significance of differences among and between the means. Plaque and gingival indices decreased significantly after 1 week. Significant pocket depth reduction (initial) occurred 1 week after root planing, and reduced further (secondary) at 3 weeks. Initial pocket reduction was associated with significant gingival recession, whereas secondary pocket reduction was associated with significant gain of clinical attachment. Bleeding upon probing was virtually absent after 3 weeks. All probing changes were detected more consistently using controlled insertion pressures. It was concluded that substantial reduction in pocket depth occurs within 3 weeks after a single episode of root planing owing to initial gingival recession and secondary gain in clinical attachment. PMID- 7045323 TI - Evaluation of the immunogenicity of freeze-dried skin allografts in humans: cell mediated response. AB - PATIENTS RECEIVING freeze-dried skin (FDS) allografts were evaluated for cell mediated response by a lymphocytotoxicity test. Eleven patients received single or multiple FDS allografts from a donor typed for human leukocyte antigen (HLA). Heparinized blood samples were drawn before the procedure and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after grafting. Mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradients. Cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity tests were conducted, with mononuclear cells from the FDS allograft recipients used as effector cells. Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated blast target cells of the same HLA type as that of the skin donor were labeled with chromium 51. Lympholysis was evaluated by measuring the amount of 51Cr release after 18 hours' incubation with target/effector cell ratios of 1:100, 1:50, and 1:25. Negative control wells contained target cells alone. Positive control wells contained target cells and effector cells sensitized in vitro against the target cells. Viability of effector cells was tested by trypan-blud dye exclusion and response to phytohemagglutinin. None of the experimental blood samples showed 51Cr release significantly greater than shown by the negative controls. Our findings of no cell-mediated response and the findings of a previous study showing no production of anti-HLA antibody in response to FDS allografts indicate that allogeneic FDS is an immunologically safe material for use in periodontal surgical procedures. PMID- 7045324 TI - Aggression in abused children: differential responses to the Rosenzweig Picture Frustration Study. AB - The Children's Form of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study was used to measure direction of aggression in a sample of 30 physically abused children and a matched control group of 30 nonabused children. The abused children had higher E scores and lower M scores than the nonabused, but only on a subset of the pictures involving child-child interactions. These findings support previous reports in the literature that responses to the test differ according to whether the frustrating agent is an adult or a child. Implications of the results for the use of the test and for abused children are discussed. PMID- 7045325 TI - [Studies on the development of drugs in the pyrimidine synthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045326 TI - [Mechanisms of analgesic action of opioid peptides (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045327 TI - [High performance liquid chromatography of protein. IV. Separation of insulin from different species (equine, porcine, bovine and ovine) by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045328 TI - [Inhibitory effect of 2-(4-(2-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridyl)phenyl) propionic acid (miroprofen) on platelet aggregation and prostaglandin I2 generation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045329 TI - Experimental methods in cancer therapeutics. PMID- 7045330 TI - Reduced hydrolytic lability of epoprostenol in the presence of cationic micelles. AB - The rapid hydrolysis of epoprostenol to 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha is hydronium ion-catalyzed even at pH 10 or higher. In the presence of 1.0% hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, the rate was reduced significantly (1580 fold at pH 2 and 283-fold at a physiological pH). This decrease in the hydrolysis rate is attributed to two causes: favorable partitioning of epoprostenol in the micellar phase and electrostatic repulsion between the hydronium ion and the cationic micellar surface. PMID- 7045331 TI - Effects of chemical sympathectomy on the increases in plasma catecholamines and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase induced by forced immobilization and insulin-induced hypoglycemia: origin and fate of plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. AB - The effect of acute stresses on plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) were evaluated in control and 6-hydroxydopamine-treated, awake cannulated guinea pigs. Forced immobolization for 1 hr caused a 3- and 5 fold increase in plasma DBH and norepinephrine, respectively. Pretreatment with 6 hydroxydopamine (23 mg/kg b.wt.i.a., 72 and 48 hr before stress) reduced by 70% the increase in plasma DBH and totally prevented the rise in plasma catecholamines evoked by the restraining stress. Injection of insulin (5 U/kg b.wt.i.a.) induced a 60% decrease in blood glucose, a 1-fold increase in plasma DBH and a selective 4-fold increase in plasma epinephrine; these effects were not modified by chemical sympathectomy. Our results indicate that forced immobilization and hypoglycemia produce a preferential activation of the sympathetic postganglionic nerves and of the adrenal medulla, respectively, and that in guinea pigs both stresses increase plasma DBH. The kinetics of disappearance of plasma DBH were studied after subjecting the guinea pigs for 1 hr to forced immobilization. Although 7 of 12 animals showed a biphasic rate of fall of plasma DBH, in each case there was a rapid initial fall possibly due to the "distribution" of the enzyme with a T1/2 of 1.65 hr. Similar findings were observed in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated guinea pigs. These results suggest that the distribution of DBH is the most important process in reducing the augmented plasma DBH levels elicited by a short-term stress and that this process is not dependent on the integrity of the sympathetic nerves nor on the adrenal or sympathetic origin of the enzyme. This study supports the view that the ratio, content of releasable DBH present in sympathetic nerves and adrenal glands/total circulating pool of DBH, is the factor that determines whether an increase in plasma DBH would occur in animals exposed to an acute stress. PMID- 7045332 TI - Role of testosterone in ethanol- and morphine-induced increases in the alcohol dehydrogenase-dependent metabolism of ethanol in the male rat. PMID- 7045333 TI - Oral motor patterns and their relation to oral prostheses. AB - The mechanism of support for oral prostheses varies qualitatively and quantitatively, depending on the type of prosthesis worn. Some prostheses are partially supported by natural teeth, and others rely for their support on the residual tissues, mucosa, alveolar bone. Nondental prosthetic support demonstrates progressive longitudinal changes and poses special problems for the denture wearer. In this review, the masticatory system is considered as a biomechanical interaction of three components: function/dysfunction adaptive responses, and TMJs. It appears that oral behavior is related to all three components, but its role is not completely understood. PMID- 7045334 TI - Principles and technique in sublingual flange extension and complete mandibular dentures. PMID- 7045335 TI - Submucosal root retention. A two-year clinical observation. AB - Eight subjects had the crowns of 21 teeth surgically amputated, and the roots were covered by alveolar mucosa. At the time of surgery, 17 teeth were vital and four had received endodontic therapy. After an average 2-year-period, 12 teeth (57%) remained submerged without complications. Two roots have been extracted, three have been successfully converted to regular overdenture abutments, and the remaining four have appeared in the mouth and are still under observation. Caution is urged as to expectations of a long-term prosthetic benefit from this procedure. PMID- 7045336 TI - Effect on dimensional accuracy when reattaching fractured lone standing teeth of a cast. AB - 1. Ninety-five percent of the variation in position of reattached lone standing incisor and premolar stone teeth was within the limits of physiologic tooth movement. 2. No significant differences resulted from the use of Class I or Class II stones, the technical experience of the operator, or the diameter of the neck of the tooth. 3. There were significant differences between Duco cement and Eastman 910 used between the tooth fragments, but none between Duco cement used between the tooth fragments and Eastman 910 used on the fracture line. However, with all three techniques, most of the changes were within the physiologic limits of healthy tooth movement. PMID- 7045337 TI - Standards of pontic design. PMID- 7045338 TI - Effect of cavosurface treatment on marginal leakage in class V composite resin restorations. AB - Under the experimental conditions used in this in vitro study, the following conclusions may be drawn: 1. Etching of the enamel walls in butt and beveled preparations significantly reduces incisal marginal leakage. 2. The application of a low-viscosity bonding resin to the etched enamel walls of preparations prior to the insertion of the composite resin is not necessary to obtain minimal incisal leakage at the composite resin/etched enamel interface. 3. Cavosurface configuration has no significant effect on incisal marginal leakage. 4. Cavosurface configuration and the restorative techniques used in this study affect the degree of gingival microleakage to some extent but do not eliminate it. PMID- 7045339 TI - A prosthodontic technique for the ramus endosseous frame implant. PMID- 7045340 TI - Speech adaptation to dental prostheses: the former lisper. AB - Six of 13 former lispers studied reported unusual difficulty in speech adaptation to a dental prosthesis. Palatographic data showed that former lispers tended to make more frequent use of A-P shifts in tongue-palate placement as a compensatory strategy than did normal subjects. Tongue advancement was a common pattern. The nonadaptors showed the highest incidence of A-P tongue contact shifts as a compensatory strategy. Their use of this strategy was the most consistent, and they were more likely to retain the same articulatory speech patterns that were tried initially. Tongue groove width data for sibilants of nonadaptors in the familiar conditions showed a substantial incidence of further groove narrowing, a pattern normally seen only when a prosthesis is unfamiliar to the subject. In data on jaw position, nonadapting subjects had either not changed jaw position or adopted a closer jaw position by the end of 2 weeks. In both palatographic and jaw position data, it was possible to distinguish the adapting and nonadapting groups. PMID- 7045341 TI - Die alteration to provide adequate occlusal clearance. PMID- 7045342 TI - Technique for boxing an altered cast impression. PMID- 7045343 TI - A nonparallel cast post and core technique for teeth with divergent canals. PMID- 7045344 TI - Porcelain internal core pontics. PMID- 7045345 TI - In memoriam: William Balamuth (1914-1981). PMID- 7045346 TI - Separation of individual stages of Trypanosoma cruzi grown in cell culture by continuous free-flow electrophoresis. AB - The separation of extracellular protozoan parasites from host cells based on a difference in surface charge has been described. However, with Trypanosoma cruzi no method exists for the isolation of pure parasite stages from heterogeneous mixtures. Studies on the electrophoresis of mixed stage populations confirm significant surface charge density differences exist among epimastigotes, trypomastigotes, and amastigotes. In ascending order of electronegativity, amastigotes have the lowest charge density, trypomastigotes next, followed by epimastigotes. A technique has been developed for the separation of purified populations of parasites based on these charge differences using a continuous free-flow electrophoresis apparatus. The separated populations are morphologically intact and maintain their infectivity to mice. This separation method is applicable for preparative and analytical isolation of pure stages of T. cruzi for biochemical and immunological studies. PMID- 7045347 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of the indirect fluorescent antibody test in the study of four murine coccidia. AB - The sensitivity and specificity of the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test for the detection of serum antibodies were examined in mice that were infected with Eimeria falciformis, E. ferrisi, E. papillata, or E. vermiformis. For the study of each species, five groups of mice were given graded inoculation doses of 10, 10(2), 10(3), 10(4), or 10(5) sporulated oocysts in a primary infection. The sixth group was infected with three sequential doses of 1.5 x 10(3), 1.5 x 10(4), and 1.5 x 10(5) sporulated oocysts per mouse at two- to three-week intervals. All groups of infected mice developed serum antibodies. Sera were titrated by the IFA test with purified sporozoites. Strong fluorescence and high IFA titers were observed with homologous reactions mainly with the sera from mice infected with the higher inoculation dose levels in primary infections and from those given three sequential inoculation doses. Immunological cross reaction among the four species of Eimeria occurred at dilutions of 1:10 to 1:160. Very weak or no fluorescence of free sporozoites was observed with sera from noninfected mice, and there was no fluorescence of sporozoites contained in intact sporocysts. PMID- 7045348 TI - Effects of malaria (Plasmodium berghei) on the maternal-fetal relationship in mice. AB - Plasmodium berghei infection was more severe in pregnant than in nonpregnant mice. Infection initiated on gestation day 7 resulted in rapidly increasing parasitemia and deaths of all pregnant mice within 12 days, while some nonpregnant mice survived until day 21 postinfection. When mice were infected on gestation day 12 or 14, a proportion of mice died before parturition; but some animals survived to deliver living pups. Reduced birthweights and increased spleen weight to body weight ratios were seen in pups from infected mice as compared with pups from uninfected animals. Histopathological abnormalities of placentae from infected animals included degeneration of the normal labyrinthine architecture and thickening of the trophoblast separating maternal and fetal blood vessels. PMID- 7045349 TI - Primary anorexia nervosa: a review and critique of selected papers. PMID- 7045350 TI - [The art of diagnosing dwarfism and the diagnosis of dwarfism in art]. PMID- 7045351 TI - [Herman Fischgold (1899-1982)]. PMID- 7045352 TI - [Lucien Mallet (1885-1981)]. PMID- 7045353 TI - Mitchiner Memorial Lecture: 'The Nightingale touch'. PMID- 7045354 TI - The military surgeon: his place in history. PMID- 7045355 TI - Antibiotics in general practice. PMID- 7045356 TI - Low-dose cephradine prophylaxis in obstetric and gynecologic surgery. AB - A short-course, low-dose perioperative prophylactic regimen of cephradine was found to be highly effective in preventing serious postoperative infections (wound, vaginal cuff/pelvic and endometrial) in patients undergoing cesarean sections and vaginal hysterectomies. In patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of wound and pelvic infections in the antibiotic and placebo-treated groups. In all three operative procedures there was no significant reduction in urinary tract infections. The postoperative length of stay was significantly decreased in cesarean section patients, and a similar trend was observed in vaginal hysterectomy patients. An analysis of risk factors in cesarean section revealed that anemia and labor reduced the effectiveness of prophylaxis. Among vaginal hysterectomy patients those who were anemic and those who were premenopausal were at greater risk of infection. There was a low incidence of adverse drug reactions (less than 0.5%) and no evidence of the promotion of bacterial resistance in cephradine-treated patients. PMID- 7045357 TI - The Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group--the first nine years. PMID- 7045358 TI - Standard methodology for Segment I, II, and III Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group studies. I. Design. PMID- 7045359 TI - Standard methodology for Segment I, II, and III Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group studies. II. Analysis and presentation of data. PMID- 7045360 TI - Aspirin and fenoprofen (Nalfon) in the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis results of the double blind-trial. A segment II study. AB - We compared efficacy and safety of aspirin (ASA) and fenoprofen in the treatment of JRA. Ninety-nine children with JRA were given ASA or fenoprofen in a 12-wk, multicentered, double-blind, parallel study. Initial fenoprofen dosage was 900 mg/m2/d increased to 1800 mg/m2/d (3200 mg/d-max). Initial ASA dosage was 1500 mg/m2/d increased to 3000 mg/m2/d (5450 mg/d-max). Adverse reactions forced removal of 14% of ASA treated patients from the trial, whereas no fenoprofen patient was removed for this reason. Forty of 50 ASA patients, and 47 of 49 fenoprofen patients completed at least 10 wk of therapy and analysis showed that the 2 drugs were nearly identical in efficacy, but toxicity was considerably less among fenoprofen treated patients. PMID- 7045361 TI - Ketoprofen (Orudis) in the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A segment I study. AB - The study objective was to establish a safe and efficacious dose of ketoprofen in children with JRA during a 4-week, open-labeled, non-controlled trial. Initial dosage was 100 mg/m2/d, gradually increased up to 200 mg/m2/d, not to exceed 320 mg/d. One patient was removed from the study due to hematuria. Clinical improvement was observed in 50% or more of the patients in 8 of the 15 indices assessed. Statistical improvement was detected in the number and severity of joints with pain on motion, the duration of morning stiffness, and the time required to travel 50 feet (p less than .035). Significant laboratory changes included decreases in the mean hemoglobin and hematocrit, and increases in ESR and BUN (p less than .03). Twenty patients experienced a total of 39 adverse effects and of these, 6 were judged to be attributable to ketoprofen. These preliminary data suggest ketoprofen's efficacy and safety is comparable to that of other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. PMID- 7045362 TI - Correlation of serum IgG, IgM, and anti-native-DNA antibodies with renal and clinical indexes of activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7045363 TI - Double-blind comparison of tolmetin sodium and indomethacin in ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 7045364 TI - A survey of isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae which cross-react with HLA-B27 associated cell-surface structure on the lymphocytes of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 7045365 TI - Posture and lumbar puncture headache: a controlled trial in 50 patients. AB - A prospective single blind trial in 50 patients was performed to investigate the effect of posture on post lumbar puncture headache (LPH). A difference between the frequency of headache at five hours between the two groups (prone for four hours, versus 30 degrees head down tilt for 30 minutes followed by supine posture for 3 1/2 hours) did not reach significance. These findings do not support the suggestion that a prone posture, by possibly reducing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, significantly reduces the frequency of this common clinical problem. The value of bed rest after lumbar puncture remains equivocal. Other methods used for reducing LPH are reviewed. PMID- 7045367 TI - Management of asystole. PMID- 7045366 TI - Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a review. PMID- 7045368 TI - Lysosomotropic agents. 4. Carbobenzoxyglycylphenylalanyl, a new protease sensitive masking group for introduction into cells. AB - Bioactive primary and secondary amines, when acylated with the Z-Gly-Phe group, are transported into pinocytic cells, such as macrophages, P-815 mastocytoma, SV 40 3T3, and leukemia 1210, much faster than the parent compounds. Amines such as lysosomotropic detergents [R. A. Firestone, J. M. Pisano, and R. J. Bonney, J. Med. Chem., 22, 1130 (1979) and nitrogen mustard, which are deactivated by acylation, are unmasked by enzymic action intracellularly, probably in lysosomes because an acidic pH maximum in activity exists which acts only on the L isomer. The added polarity and molecular weight brought about by acylation prevents the amines' normally facile entry into cells by simple diffusion, restricting it to an active-transport mechanism. PMID- 7045369 TI - Effect of 4'-halogen substitution on the mutagenicity of trans-4 acetamidostilbene and trans-4-(N-hydroxyacetamido)stilbene in the Salmonella typhimurium test system. AB - The effect of halogen substituents placed at the 4' position of trans-4 acetamidostilbene (1, AAS) to alter the pattern of biotransformation and thus the mutagenicity of these derivative was evaluated by comparing the mutagenic effects of 1 on Salmonella typhimurium TA-100 with the corresponding 4'-F (2), 4'-Cl (3), and 4'-Br (4) analogues. The mutagenic properties of trans-4-(N hydroxyacetamido)stilbene (5) and its 4'-F (6), 4'-Cl (7), and 4'-Br (8) derivatives were also evaluated in this system. Both the amides (1-4) and hydroxamic acids (5-8) required the presence of a metabolic activating system prepared from hamster liver in order to produce a mutagenic effect. All of these compounds were mutagenic to A-100. Their mutagenic potencies were markedly influenced by the 4'-halogen substituents, the relative mutagenic potencies of the amides being 2 (4'-F) greater than 1 (4'-H), 3 (4'Cl) greater than 4 (4'-Br), while the hydroxamic acids followed the order of 1 (4'-H) greater than 2 (4'-F) greater than 3 (4'-Cl), 4 (4'-Br). PMID- 7045370 TI - Renin inhibitors. Substitution of the leucyl residues of Leu-Leu-Val-Phe-OCH3 with 3-amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoic acid. AB - The 2S,3S and 2R,3S diastereoisomers of the hydroxy amino acid 3-amino-2-hydroxy 5-methylhexanoic acid (AHMHA) were synthesized and substituted for the leucyl residues of Leu-Leu-Val-Phe-OCH3 to yield the following analogues: AHMHA-Leu-Val Phe-OCH3, AHMHA-Val-Phe-OCH3, and Leu-AHMHA-Val-Phe-OCH3. These analogues were tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit human amniotic renin. All of the analogues were found to inhibit renin to some extent with inhibitory constants in the range of 10(-3) to 10(-4) M. The analogues AHMHA-Leu-Val-Phe-OCH3 and AHMHA Val-Phe-OCH3 exhibited competitive inhibition when the 2S,3S isomer of AHMHA was employed and noncompetitive kinetics when the 2R,3S isomer of AHMHA was used. For the Leu-AHMHA-Val-Phe-OCH3 analogues, competitive kinetics were observed regardless of the isomer of AHMHA employed. These latter analogues also proved to be the most active in the above series. PMID- 7045371 TI - Transplant of acquired resistance to Polyplax serrata (Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae) in skin allografts to athymic mice. PMID- 7045372 TI - Computer-based instruction in basic medical science education. PMID- 7045373 TI - Improved spatial and temporal resolution in an apparatus for time-lapse phase contrast cine micrography of cells in vitro. AB - An apparatus for time-lapse cinemicrography of living animal cells in vitro is described. It has an increased information capacity in comparison with conventional types of equipment in that successful combination of the highest possible spatial resolution with phase contrast microscopy and an improved temporal resolution provided by flash light illumination has been achieved. The interval between exposures of 1/200 s approximately can be reduced to 1/4s using a negative phase-contrast objective of NA 1 . 3. Negative phase-contrast also appeared to be the best technique for imaging of tiny cell surface structures. Thus the new apparatus is suitable for the study of the patterns of cell surface motility in vitro. PMID- 7045374 TI - Visualization of the nucleoid in living bacteria on poly-lysine coated surfaces by the immersion technique. PMID- 7045375 TI - Location of histological structure of the brain for subsequent monoamine fluorescence with the help of illumination by phase contrast condenser. AB - Various histological structures from rat brain prepared by the formaldehyde induced fluorescence method can be visualized with the help of illumination in tungsten light by using phase contrast condenser (without phase contrast objective). The procedure was found useful for the location of areas to be studied by subsequent fluorescence microscopy in order to relate the monoamine fluorescence to the histological structure. PMID- 7045376 TI - Physical randomization of tissue architecture: an alternative to systemic sampling. AB - A method is described for the rapid and accurate quantitation of tissue morphology using rat thyroid as a model. Perfused-fixed rat thyroid was diced into approximately thirty small pieces which were then randomly embedded in epon. Sections were taken at 500 micrometer intervals and stained with toluidine blue. Epithelial, follicular lumen and stromal components were quantified by a point counting technique. An analysis of variance was then performed on the data to determine whether there was any significant variation in the distribution of components between sections cut at different levels. No significant variation in any component was seen between sections for normal diced thyroid. This was also the case for diced thyroids of animals chronically treated with goitrogen to create a different physiological state. The method is therefore reliable even when marked changes in component distribution are induced. The physical randomization of tissue architecture by dicing, prior to embedding, greatly reduces the number of sections needed for the accurate morphometry of non randomly distributed tissues. PMID- 7045377 TI - A convenient culture chamber for observation and embedding of macrophage monolayers for transmission electron microscopy. AB - A chamber adapted from a polypropylene test tube is described for the cultivation and processing of undisturbed monolayers of normal mouse macrophages for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Peritoneal exudate cells are grown in the chambers on Visking dialysis membranes pretreated with Polybrene (Sigma Chemical Co.) and normal mouse serum. The cells are not further disturbed after adherence since the entire chamber, including dialysis membrane and cells, is processed for electron microscopy using standard material and protocols and the embedded dialysis membrane is readily oriented and thin-sectioned. This method is efficient for studying adherent cells since growth can be nearly confluent and cells remain firmly attached throughout the manipulations. Since a transparent membrane is used, cells can also be observed with the light microscope at all stages prior to sectioning. PMID- 7045378 TI - Comparative model-building of the mammalian serine proteases. PMID- 7045379 TI - Crystallizations and preliminary x-ray studies of calotropins DI and DII. PMID- 7045380 TI - Ribosomal proteins L1, L17 and L27 from Escherichia coli localized at single sites on the large subunit by immune electron microscopy. PMID- 7045381 TI - Neutron-scattering studies of the binding of initiator tRNAMet to escherichia coli trypsin modified methionyl-tRNA synthetase. PMID- 7045382 TI - Crystallization of mouse submaxillary gland renin. PMID- 7045383 TI - Identification of trp-p2, an internal promoter in the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7045384 TI - The beat goes on. The power of love (Leo Buscaglia). PMID- 7045385 TI - Splenic preservation following splenic trauma. AB - Increased awareness of the problem of overwhelming post-splenectomy sepsis has aroused interest in methods of splenic preservation in patients with abdominal trauma. In the past 6 years, we have treated 272 patients for splenic trauma at our institution, 41 of whom underwent splenic preservation. Mortality rates in those undergoing splenectomy vs. preservation were 23.4% and 4.9%, respectively, severe head injuries constituting cause of death in the latter. Overall morbidity in the two groups was not significantly different (40.7% vs. 39%). Pulmonary complications were predominant in both groups (splenectomy, 27.7%; splenic preservation, 23.1%) with atelectasis more common in the latter. Three subphrenic abscesses occurred in the splenectomy group, none in the repair group. Sepsis was twice as frequent in the splenectomy group (8.7% vs. 4.9%). Mode of injury was slightly more severe in the splenectomy group with these patients sustaining mor chest, spine, associated intra-abdominal, and vascular injuries, thus accounting for the high mortality. Average operative time was not increased by addition of repair (2 hr 54 min vs. 2 hr 33 min). Only on repair required return to the operating room, because of a missed hilar laceration at the original laparotomy, emphasizing the importance of care in technique. Postoperative scans in selected patients showed good functional activity. We conclude that splenic preservation is a technically safe procedure in patients exhibiting hemodynamic stability. PMID- 7045386 TI - Electron optical and analytical observations of rat growth plate cartilage prepared by ultracryomicrotomy: the failure to detect a mineral phase in matrix vesicles and the identification of heterodispersed particles as the initial solid phase of calcium phosphate deposited in the extracellular matrix. PMID- 7045387 TI - Complex giant mitochondria in the human endometrial glandular cell: serial sectioning, high-voltage electron microscopic, and three-dimensional reconstruction studies. PMID- 7045388 TI - The role of coated vesicles in selective transfer across yolk sac epithelium. PMID- 7045389 TI - Polymannose O-antigens of Escherichia coli, the binding sites for the reversible adsorption of bacteriophage T5+ via the L-shaped tail fibers. AB - A study of the adsorption kinetics of T5+ and the tail fiber-less mutant hd-2 to lipopolysaccharides of various Escherichia coli strains demonstrated T5+ binding to the O-antigen of th O8 and O9 types. Incorporation of radioactive mannose into the phosphomannose isomerase-deficient strain E. coli F860 O9 pmi allowed the derivation of the number of O-antigens per cell required to increase T5 adsorption. With more than 500 O-antigen molecules, acceleration of T5+ adsorption was observed. The highest adsorption rate was obtained when nearly all lipopolysaccharide molecules were substituted with a polymannose O-antigen. Inhibition studies with purified components of an enzymatically degraded lipopolysaccharide of the O8 type showed that among the mannosides tested the smallest unit, the trimannoside, was the strongest inhibitor of T5+ binding. We conclude that the reversible preadsorption to the O8 and O9 polymannose antigens increases the rate of infection via the cellular receptor protein encoded by the fhuA (formerly tonA) gene. PMID- 7045390 TI - The double-stranded RNA genome segments of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus are independently transcribed. AB - The in vitro transcription of the genome segments of insect cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus was examined for a possible mechanism of coordinate control. Initiation of the first transcription cycle, primed by preincubation in the absence of CTP, was synchronous for all 10 viral genome segments. The time required for the completion of each genome transcript was proportional to the chain length, and all 10 mRNA's were synthesized in molar amounts inversely proportional to their molecular weights. The rate of chain elongation for all mRNA's was approximately 6 nucleotides per s. The combined results indicate that each of the viral genome segments is transcribed independently and suggest that RNA chain elongation, not initiation, is rate limiting for cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus mRNA synthesis in vitro. PMID- 7045391 TI - Demonstration of pyrimidine dimer-DNA glycosylase activity in vivo: bacteriophage T4-infected Escherichia coli as a model system. AB - An approach to the detection of pyrimidine dimer-DNA glycosylase activity in living cells is presented. Mutants of Escherichia coli defective in uvr functions required for incision of UV-irradiated DNA were infected with phage T4 denV+ or denV- (defective in the T4 pyrimidine dimer-DNA glycosylase activity). In the former case the denV gene product catalyzed the incision of UV-irradiated host DNA, facilitating the subsequent excision of thymine-containing pyrimidine dimers. Isolation of these dimers from the acid-soluble fraction of infected cells was achieved by a multistep thin-layer chromatographic system. Exposure of the dimers to irradiation that monomerizes pyrimidine dimers (direct photoreversal) resulted in the stoichiometric formation of free thymine. Thus, in vivo incision of UV-irradiated DNA dependent on a pyrimidine dimer-DNA glycosylase can be demonstrated. PMID- 7045392 TI - Identification and purification of a protein encoded by the human adenovirus type 2 transforming region. AB - The human adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) transforming genes are located in early regions E1a (map position 1.3 to 4.5) and E1b (map position 4.6 to 11.2). We have identified and purified to near homogeneity a major 20,000-molecular-weight (20K) protein and have shown that it is coded by E1b. Using an Ad2-transformed cell antiserum which contained antibody to E1b-coded proteins, we immunoprecipitated 53K and 19K proteins from the nucleoplasm and 53K, 19K, and 20K proteins from the cytoplasmic S-100 fraction of Ad2 productively infected and Ad2-transformed cells. The 19K protein was present in both the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm, whereas the 20K protein was found only in the cytoplasm. The 53K and 19K proteins are known Ad2 E1b-coded proteins. The 20K protein was purified to near homogeneity in 20 to 50% yields by sequential DEAE-Sephacel chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Purified 20K protein shares most of its methionine-labeled tryptic peptides with E1b-53K, as shown by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and therefore is closely related to the 53K protein. The 19K protein does not appear to share tryptic peptides with either 20K or 53K protein. To provide more direct evidence that 20K protein is virus-coded, we translated E1b-specific mRNA in vitro. Both immunoprecipitation analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography purification of the translated product identified a 20K protein that has the same tryptic peptides as the 20K protein isolated from infected and from transformed cells. These findings suggest that the Ad2 20K protein is a primary translation product of an Ad2 E1b mRNA. PMID- 7045393 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of the polymerase 3 gene of human influenza virus A/WSN/33. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of polymerase 3 (P3) gene of a human influenza virus (A/WSN/33) has been determined using cDNA clones except for the last 11 nucleotides which were obtained by direct RNA sequencing. The WSN P3 gene contains 2,341 nucleotides and codes for a protein of 759 amino acids (molecular weight 85,800). The WSN P3 protein, as deduced from the plus-strand DNA sequence, is basic and enriched in positively charged amino acids. In addition, it contains clusters of basic amino acids which may provide sites for the interaction of P3 protein with the capped primer, template, and/or other polymerase proteins during the transcriptive and replicative processes of influenza viral RNA. PMID- 7045394 TI - Posttranslational modifications of Sindbis virus glycoproteins: electrophoretic analysis of pulse-chase-labeled infected cells. AB - Cytoplasmic extracts prepared from Sindbis virus-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts pulse-chase-labeled with [35S]methionine 6 h postinfection were analyzed on a highly resolving sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel either directly or after various treatments. The results we obtained suggest that (i) the proteolytic cleavage which converts PE2 to E2 glycoprotein takes place intracellularly, before or at least during the formation of complex-type oligosaccharide side chains; and (ii) E1 glycoprotein undergoes a complex maturation pattern. Newly synthesized E1 has a molecular weight of 53,000: shortly thereafter, this 53,000 (53K) form was converted to a 50K form. Subsequently, the 50K form decreased its apparent molecular weight progressively and eventually comigrated with E1 glycoprotein present in the extracellular virus, which displays a molecular weight of 51,000 to 52,000. The conversion of the 53K to the 50K form was not the result of a proteolytic processing and did not depend on glycosylation or disulfide bridge formation and exchange. The possible mechanisms of this conversion are discussed. The second conversion step (from the 50K to the 51-52K form) was due to the formation of complex-type oligosaccharide and was reversed by incubating the cellular extracts with neuraminidase before electrophoretic analysis. PMID- 7045395 TI - Demonstration of biological activity and nucleotide sequence of an in vitro synthesized clone of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus mos gene. AB - A clone of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus mos gene derived by in vitro reverse transcription was characterized. When assayed for focus formation by DNA transfection on NIH/3T3 cells, this clone was biologically inactive, presumably due to the absence of a long terminal repeat sequence. Therefore, a long terminal repeat was inserted into the clone by in vitro recombination, after which the most gene was able to transform NIH/3T3 cells efficiently. The nucleotide sequence encompassing the transforming region of this clone was determined. A single long open reading frame was observed, which potentially encodes a polypeptide of 41,000 daltons. This open reading frame initiates with the first five amino acids of the murine leukemia virus env gene, after which it enters the mos sequence, where it terminates. The nucleotide sequence described in this paper was compared with other sequences of mos in an effort to resolve discrepancies in the position of the long open reading frame. Although Moloney murine sarcoma virus retains the 3' splicing site of the murine leukemia virus env gene, a mos-specific mRNA which corresponds structurally to the murine leukemia virus env mRNA was not identified. The sequence described here revealed a single nucleotide change in the proposed env gene 3' splicing site which was retained in Moloney murine sarcoma virus. This deviation from the consensus 3' splicing sequence may underlie the observed absence of mos expression via the env gene splicing pathway. PMID- 7045396 TI - Evaluation of normal and pathologic ureteral dynamics: comparison of a radioisotopic method with ureteral pressure/flow perfusion study. AB - The ureteral pressure/flow perfusion study has lately been repopularized and its use demonstrated in many forms of suspected obstructive uropathy. The present study was undertaken to compare the ureteral pressure/flow perfusion study with a radioisotopic method of investigating ureteral obstruction. The 2 methods were evaluated with a mongrel canine laboratory model. Both diagnostic modalities were employed concomitantly on intact renoureteral units; first with the ureter unobstructed, then after submission to varying degrees of ureteral occlusion. Analysis of data from these studies shows that the curve pattern produced by the computer generated 99mTc-DTPA renogram is as accurate as ureteral pressure/flow perfusion study in determining the presence and degree of ureteral obstruction. PMID- 7045397 TI - Urothelial dysplasia. PMID- 7045398 TI - Patient survival in cadaveric renal transplantation: report from a small center. AB - Recipients of cadaveric kidney transplants before 1975 had a 1-year mortality rate (30 per cent) approximately 3 times higher than patients on chronic hemodialysis (10 per cent). Patient survival was no better in large than in small transplant centers. Since 1975 several large and experienced transplant centers (more than 500 transplants) have reported improved patient survival rates (90 per cent). We herein document that a small transplant center (less than 200 transplants) can achieve patient survival rates that are equivalent to larger transplant centers. PMID- 7045399 TI - Etiology and management of early and late peritransplant infections. AB - Subfascial peritransplant infection is a life-threatening complication of renal transplantation with multiple etiologies, early onset, and subtle or catastrophic presentation. Thirteen such deep space infections were encountered in 160 consecutive transplants followed for up to 4 years. Difficult management decisions were required frequently. Three patients presented with acute peritonitis. In each instance the source of infection was obscure until abdominal exploration revealed transperitoneal rupture of an infected peritransplant fluid collection. Gray scale ultrasonography and ultrasound guided needle aspiration of fluid collections proved valuable in the clarification of often confusing clinical situations. The transplant was left in situ, with good function and complete wound healing in 5 cases. Transplant nephrectomy was required in 8 patients. Three patients died despite transplant nephrectomy and discontinuation of immunosuppression. PMID- 7045400 TI - Skin patch urethroplasty: 5-year followup. PMID- 7045401 TI - Spermatic cord preservation in kidney transplantation. PMID- 7045402 TI - The urological evaluation and management of patients with congenital lower urinary tract anomalies prior to renal transplantation. AB - Previously, patients with chronic renal failure and major congenital anomalies of the lower urinary tract (often with urinary diversion) were thought to be poor candidates for renal transplantation. Pre-transplant evaluation and possible urinary reconstruction are essential in these patients to achieve successful renal transplantation. Ten patients, including 7 adults, presented with congenital anomalies of the lower urinary tract that were responsible for renal failure. Percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy aided in the assessment of bladder function. Undiagnosed posterior urethral valves were found in 2 adults. Patients with exstrophy, neurogenic bladder or a contracted bladder (with augmentation cystoplasty) had urinary drainage into the bladder at the time of renal transplantation. Sometimes an imperfect bladder can be used for urinary drainage with transplantation but, otherwise, intestinal conduits are still a viable alternative. PMID- 7045403 TI - Living donor nephrectomy: factors influencing morbidity. AB - Recent interest in transperitoneal live donor nephrectomy prompted us to review our experience with 104 live donor nephrectomies performed through a standard flank extraperitoneal approach. There were no deaths and 14.4 per cent of the patients had minor complications that were managed easily. Factors influencing morbidity in the voluntary donor are analyzed. PMID- 7045404 TI - Determinants of allograft survival in 100 consecutive cadaver kidney transplants. AB - We reviewed 100 consecutive cadaver renal transplants done at our clinic between April 1976 and October 1979. A minimum 1-year followup was available on all patients. The actual 1-year graft survival rate was 64 per cent and the actual 1 year patient survival rate was 91 per cent. Criteria that had no significant effect on 1-year allograft survival were performance of pre-transplant nephrectomy and/or splenectomy, red blood cell group or the level of pre-formed antibody. A major determinant of graft survival was the number of blood transfusions received before transplantation. The 1-year graft survival rate was 36 per cent with no pre-transplant transfusions, 64 per cent with 1 to 5 transfusions and 70 per cent with more than 5 transfusions (p less than 0.005). The 1-year graft survival rate was not influenced by the use of kidneys imported from other states, the use of pediatric cadaver donors 1 to 15 years old or extended renal preservation times. Our experience supports continued regional and national sharing of adult and pediatric cadaver donor kidneys with extended preservation times. PMID- 7045405 TI - Renal transplantation and the urologist. PMID- 7045406 TI - Induction of chronic bacterial prostatitis in the dog. AB - Three methods of creating chronic bacterial prostatitis in dogs were evaluated. Injection of Escherichia coli into the prostatic or caudal vesicle artery after the prostate was pierced with a 22-gauge needle caused prostatic infection in 4 of 5 dogs. The infection persisted up to 28 days. Direct injection of E. coli into the prostate gland resulted in infection in 5 of 6 dogs which persisted up to 42 days. Injection of E. coli into the prostatic urethra after occlusion of the bladder neck caused infection in 2 of 8 dogs not subjected to piercing of the prostate gland and in 5 of 7 dogs subjected to prostate gland trauma. Infection persisted up to 28 days. Although all 3 methods resulted in persistent, chronic bacterial prostatitis, direct injection of bacteria into the prostate gland was technically the easiest to perform and resulted in the lowest incidence of concomitant infections of the rest of the urinary tract. Positive urine cultures for E. coli were found in all dogs at some time after infection. Positive urine and bladder tissue cultures were also found at necropsy in some dogs. PMID- 7045407 TI - Resolution of induced urinary tract infection: an animal model to assess bladder immunization. AB - The resolution of an Escherichia coli urinary tract infection in the bladder and kidneys of control and immunized rats was used to assess their resistance to experimentally induced infection. Prior intravesical immunization of rats with formalin killed E. coli 06 resulted in faster resolution of an infection that had been induced with viable E. coli 06 than was observed in nonimmunized controls. The faster resolution of infection after immunization correlates with our previous findings of decreased adherence of bacteria to urothelium of immunized rats and supports the hypothesis that local immune responses in the urinary tract may play a role in resistance to recurrent urinary tract infections. PMID- 7045408 TI - Immunocytochemistry in contemporary urologic cancer. PMID- 7045409 TI - Victor Sidel, MD: builder of bridges. PMID- 7045410 TI - Estelle Ramey, PhD: her sister's keeper. PMID- 7045411 TI - Guido Majno, MD: raconteur of medical lore. PMID- 7045412 TI - Margery Shaw, MD, JD: twice counselor. PMID- 7045413 TI - The general essentials of accredited residencies in graduate medical education. PMID- 7045414 TI - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in brain ischemia. AB - Recent advances in computer and radiological technology have permitted a reassessment of intravenous (IV) angiography in the evaluation of extracranial and intracranial vessels. This report reviews our initial experience with IV digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis and treatment of brain ischemia. Two hundred seventy-three IV digital subtraction angiograms (146 extracranial, 127 intracranial) were performed on a total of 178 patients with suspected cerebral ischemia (159 patients), brainstem/cerebellar ischemia (13 patients), or asymptomatic bruit (six patients). Extracranial studies clearly demonstrated ulceration, stenosis, and occlusion of the carotid arteries. Intracranial studies usually detected major artery occlusive disease and provided insight into the collateral flow patterns. Intravenous digital subtraction angiography allowed the accurate assessment of arteries after carotid endarterectomy and brain bypass surgery. Although conventional angiography was usually recommend in patients treated surgically, IV digital subtraction angiography obviated the need for conventional studies in the initial evaluation of many patients. PMID- 7045415 TI - "Country doctor" passes from publishing scene. PMID- 7045416 TI - Results and expectations of renal transplantation. PMID- 7045417 TI - Epithelial ovarian cancer and combination oral contraceptives. AB - The risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in relation to the use of combination oral contraceptives was evaluated in a case-control study of women younger than 60 years. Combination oral contraceptives were used by 35 (26%) of 136 cases and 187 (35%) of 539 controls. The relative risk estimate for combination oral contraceptive use was 0.6 (95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 0.9). The reduction in risk appeared to persist for as long as ten years after use had ceased and to be greater for longer durations of use, but these results were not statistically significant. The findings were not explained by parity or by other identified potential confounding factors. The results suggest that the use of combination oral contraceptives protects against epithelial ovarian cancer. PMID- 7045418 TI - Vaccine against traveler's diarrhea nearing readiness for clinical trials. PMID- 7045419 TI - Head and neck infection after renal transplantation. AB - Infections of the head and neck were identified in 12 (9%) of 128 consecutive patients undergoing renal transplantation. The infections included sinusitis, otitis media, dental abscess, Ludwig's angina, parotitis, and nasal abscess. A significant correlation was found between the development of infection and juvenile-onset diabetes but not with previous splenectomy. None of the infections occurred during treatment of rejection episodes with corticosteroids. The clinical presentations and microbiologic agents causing the infections were similar to those found in nonimmunosuppressed patients. PMID- 7045420 TI - Milan Stefanik. PMID- 7045421 TI - St Basil. PMID- 7045422 TI - Penicillamine therapy 'encouraging' in primary biliary cirrhosis study. PMID- 7045423 TI - Alexander the Great. PMID- 7045424 TI - Aristotle. PMID- 7045425 TI - New typhoid fever vaccine a hit on international scene. PMID- 7045426 TI - Plans for the centennial celebration of The Journal of the American Medical Association. PMID- 7045427 TI - Problems with Institutional Review Board inconsistency. PMID- 7045428 TI - Inconsistency and institutional review boards. AB - To assess the adequacy of peer review for research on human subjects, identical research protocols in oncology and anesthesiology were submitted to 32 institutional review boards (IRBs) at major universities with medical colleges. Each of the protocols posed serious ethical issues, contained flaws in scientific design, and provided an incomplete consent form. Twenty-two IRBs participated in the investigation, which revealed (1) consistency in the nonapproval of the three protocols, (2) substantial inconsistency among IRBs in the reasons offered in support of similar decisions, and (3) substantial inconsistency in the application of ethical, methodological, and informed-consent standards for individual review boards. This evidence suggests that revision of the protocols to satisfy particular objections would result in approval of flawed investigations. PMID- 7045429 TI - The Osler family. PMID- 7045430 TI - Medicine in the USA: historical vignettes. I. The British background for American medicine. PMID- 7045431 TI - ADD: not limited to children? PMID- 7045432 TI - JAMA reference directories. PMID- 7045433 TI - Acute mountain sickness and acetazolamide. Clinical efficacy and effect on ventilation. AB - Sixty-four climbers participated in a randomized clinical trial of acetazolamide prophylaxis for acute mountain sickness (AMS) during rapid, active ascent of MT Rainier. Twenty-nine (93.6%) of 31 climbers receiving acetazolamide and 25 (75.8%) of 33 receiving placebo attained the summit. Time spent ascending from sea level to the summit (4,394 m) averaged 33.5 hours (range, 23 to 48 hours). On the summit AMS was less common in climbers receiving acetazolamide, and they experienced less headache, nausea, drowsiness, shortness of breath, and dizziness and a greater sense of satisfaction and psychological well-being. Minute ventilation on the summit was significantly greater in subjects taking acetazolamide (24.9 +/- 2.0 L/min compared with 16.9 +/- 3.8 L/min). Expired vital capacity was also greater on the summit in the acetazolamide group (6.9 +/- 0.4 L compared with 5.8 +/- 0.4 L). We conclude that acetazolamide is effective in the prophylaxis of AMS for climbers attempting rapid, active ascent. Increased ventilation at altitude, producing an increased alveolar oxygen tension, may be related to the observed amelioration of symptoms. PMID- 7045434 TI - Informed consent to biomedical research in Veterans Administration Hospitals. AB - To illuminate the process of obtaining informed consent to research in a medically dependent population, we interviewed 156 patients and 37 physicians involved in research projects at four Veterans Administration hospitals. Most patients knew they were research subjects, had voluntarily consented, and knew the details of their medical treatment, but few understood the research well. Readability analysis indicated that consent forms required college-level education. Twenty-eight percent of patients were not aware of their participation in research although they had signed consent forms. No single act, omission, or personal attribute completely explains this unawareness, but it is associated with incomplete consent forms, the identity of the person explaining the research, the manner of the explanation, and, in some cases, grave illness. PMID- 7045435 TI - Penetration into the stomach. A complication of the antireflux prosthesis. PMID- 7045436 TI - Intra-abdominal migration of an antireflux prosthesis. A cause of bizarre pain. AB - Use of an antireflux prosthesis (Angelchik prosthesis) in the surgical treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux has increased steadily during the past several years. This report describes a patient in whom this device broke away from its insertion site at the cardioesophageal junction and migrated through the abdominal cavity to the pelvis. Variable abdominal and pelvic symptoms accompanied this passage, and abdominal roentgenograms identified the final pelvic location. Breakaway was caused by avulsion of the tie straps from the prosthesis. Four additional cases of migratory antireflux prostheses are reported briefly. Physicians should be aware that bizarre and otherwise unexplained abdominal pain in patients with this device may result from dislocation and migration of the prosthesis through the abdominal cavity. Abdominal roentgenograms are diagnostic and define the extent of migration. PMID- 7045437 TI - William Sidney Porter. PMID- 7045439 TI - JAMA reference directories. PMID- 7045438 TI - Echocardiography knocking at physician's office door. PMID- 7045440 TI - Cephalexin for susceptible bacteriuria in afebrile, long-term catheterized patients. AB - Patients with long-term indwelling urethral catheters are subject to acute and long-term complications of bacteriuria. To evaluate the common practice of short course antibiotic therapy in such patients, we performed a randomized controlled trial of ten-day courses of cephalexin monohydrate repeated whenever a susceptible bacteriuria was present. We observed 17 cephalexin group patients for 545 patient-weeks (160 cephalexin courses) and 18 control group patients for 477 patient-weeks. Throughout the study, the groups were comparable in regard to incidence and prevalence of bacteriuria, number of bacterial strains per weekly urine specimen, incidence of febrile days, and incidence of obstructed catheters. In the cephalexin group, the frequency of fever during periods when antibiotics were being used was similar to that during periods when antibiotics were not being used. More cephalexin-resistant bacteria were isolated from cephalexin group patients. Routine treatment with cephalexin of asymptomatic long-term catheterized patients, even for susceptible organisms, does not seem to be warranted. PMID- 7045441 TI - Mastoid development in ancient and modern populations. A longitudinal radiological study. AB - The effect of otitis media on the human mastoid process in a common milieu over a millennium was evaluated by comparing two present and four ancient populations. Temporal bone pneumatization patterns indicate that otitis media and mastoiditis existed in antiquity, and there were more altered pneumatization patterns in skulls from the era following European contact than from eras before European contact. Pneumatization patterns were similar in ancient skulls and in a preponderantly white male population mostly born before antibacterial availability. Both ancient and modern pre-antibacterial era temporal bones show more effect of otitis media during childhood than is found in present day schoolchildren. Reasons for differences are explored. It is inferred that upper respiratory tract infections were prevalent in the Upper Missouri River Basin during the past millennium. Furthermore, microbiological agents with virulence similar to today's flora were prevalent in this region more than 1,000 years ago. PMID- 7045442 TI - Paleopathology. PMID- 7045443 TI - Renin response to furosemide differs with the routes of administration in health men. AB - Plasma renin activity (PRA) was serially determined 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min following administration of furosemide in a dose of 40 mg intravenously (i.v.) and 80 mg orally (p.o.) at a one week interval in 10 healthy men. Following i.v. furosemide administration, PRA increased rapidly and reached a plateau level of 6.1 +/- 1.0 ng/ml/h (222 +/- 44% of the control), at 15 min and remained at about the same level throughout the remaining period of the study. In contrast, PRA increased progressively to a maximum level of 5.5 +/- 0.7 ng/ml/h (285 +/- 53% of the control), 120 min after p.o. furosemide. In case of p.o. furosemide, the increase in PRA was dependent on the doses used per body weight, and was significantly correlated with the cumulative sodium excretion by itself, or the cumulative sodium excretion adjusted by either the leanness index or the body surface area. Such relationships were not apparent after i.v. furosemide. These findings suggest that the response of renin release to furosemide in healthy men differs with the routes of administration and renin release with p.o. furosemide may be largely due to a net sodium loss, while mechanism(s) other than sodium loss may be involved in the early hypersecretion of renin with i.v. administration of furosemide. PMID- 7045444 TI - The effect of hypofibrinogenemia with batroxobin on rat Masugi nephritis. AB - The effect of hypofibrinogenemia with batroxobin on proliferative glomerular lesions of Masugi nephritis was examined in the rat. Batroxobin-treated rats had a relatively low level of plasma fibrinogen and a reduction in glomerular fibrin deposition. Mean nuclear counts in the outer cortical glomeruli were less in the batroxobin-treated group than in the untreated group on the 7th day. However, the difference in the overall severity of the glomerular histologic lesions between the two groups was not significant. Continual injections of the same dosage of batroxobin failed to maintain hypofibrinogenemia, possibly due to the antibody formation. These results suggest that relatively low plasma levels of fibrinogen are obviously not effective enough to prevent the development of the proliferative lesions in rat Masugi nephritis. PMID- 7045445 TI - [Usefulness and limitations of central venous monitoring under anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045447 TI - [Netilmicin preparation]. PMID- 7045446 TI - [Review [new antibiotics series I]: cefuroxime (author's transl)]. AB - Cefuroxime (CXM) is a new injectable cephalosporin stable against beta lactamases. The results of preclinical and clinical studies so far carried out in Japan on cefuroxime are summarized in this paper. 1. CXM is stable to various kinds of beta-lactamases except the one produced by P. vulgaris GN 76 (RICHMOND type Ic). Reflecting this action, CXM has been shown to have antibacterial activity, not only against organisms which respond to conventional cephalosporins, but also against Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Hafnia, and Indole positive Proteus which are resistant to conventional cephalosporins. 2. After an intravenous or an intramuscular injection, satisfactory blood levels of CXM are attained with the half-life about 1 hour, and CXM is excreted into urine via kidney in an active form. Transfer of CXM to tissues or various body fluids such as bile, cerebrospinal fluid, prostatic fluid, etc., is also satisfactory. 3. Of the total 826 evaluable cases treated in the open clinical study, 243 cases (29%) were assessed as 'excellent' and 404 (49%), as 'good,' and the efficacy ratio ('excellent' and 'good') was as high as 78%. 4. In a double-blind comparative study vs. cefazolin in patients with respiratory or urinary tract infections, CXM was proven to be superior to CEZ in either the infection, both in terms of clinical efficacy and global utility. 5. Incidence of side effect was very low. Of the total 1,057 cases treated in the open and double-blind clinical studies, side effects, mostly skin hypersensitivity and pyrexia, were noted only in 26 cases (2.5%). PMID- 7045448 TI - Evaluation of the left ventricular function in aortic regurgitation by echocardiography and indicator dilution method. AB - The left ventricular function and severity of LV volume overload were assessed in 30 patients with aortic regurgitation by a combined use of echocardiography and indicator dilution method. With decreasing functional capacity of patients, there tended to be greater increase in EDV, and decreases in CO, EF, Vcf, and BAP(DN)/ESV, and shift of LV function curve downward and to the right, reflecting LV myocardial dysfunction. There was a substantial correlation between functional capacity and the severity of regurgitation as well as LV myocardial function, suggesting the possibility that clinical symptoms may depend upon both the myocardial function and severity of aortic regurgitation. In contrast with many patients with AR of functional class I or II, who had relatively normal LV function, the patients of class III consistently showed substantial LV myocardial dysfunction. After sublingual administration of ISDN, BAP lowered, EDV and RF decreased. Lowering of BAP and RF were more prominent in class III than in class I. It has been proved that a combined use of echocardiography and indicator dilution method is of value in assessing the left ventricular function and regurgitant fraction in patients with aortic regurgitation, allowing a better understanding of the disease process and the potential for recognizing patients who may require early valve replacement. PMID- 7045449 TI - [Analysis of the results of recent treatment of pancreatic neoplasms]. PMID- 7045450 TI - [RI scintigraphy of neoplasms of liver, biliary tract and pancreas]. PMID- 7045451 TI - [Epidemiology of neoplasms of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas]. PMID- 7045452 TI - [Steroid hormones in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism]. PMID- 7045453 TI - [Catecholamines in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism]. PMID- 7045454 TI - [HLA and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7045455 TI - [Clinical significance of glycosylated Hb]. PMID- 7045456 TI - [Microangiopathy--etiology and management]. PMID- 7045457 TI - [Diabetic coma]. PMID- 7045458 TI - [Insulin autoimmune syndrome]. PMID- 7045459 TI - [Simple obesity]. PMID- 7045460 TI - [Liver diseases and abnormal sugar metabolism]. PMID- 7045461 TI - [Abnormal sugar metabolism in digestive system ulcers]. PMID- 7045462 TI - [Chronic renal failure and abnormal sugar metabolism]. PMID- 7045463 TI - [Drug-induced abnormal sugar metabolism]. PMID- 7045464 TI - [Measurement of K cells using plaque technique: importance of detection for large plaque forming cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045465 TI - [Bacteriological examination of botulism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045466 TI - [Serum thyroglobulin and thyroid diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045467 TI - [Measurement of circulating thyroglobulin antithyroglobulin immune complex in thyroid diseases and its clinical implication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045468 TI - [Iodine metabolism in "cold" thyroid nodules (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045469 TI - [A radioreceptor assay for insulin in serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045470 TI - Ascending norepinephrine pathways impaired in experimental hydrocephalus. PMID- 7045471 TI - [History of national public health activities in the Gunma Prefecture. 2. Stimulating seminars]. PMID- 7045472 TI - The prostaglandin E2-induced contraction in the ileal longitudinal smooth muscle isolate from various animal species. PMID- 7045473 TI - Morphological and Histological studies on the gastric mucosa on the Japanese field vole, Microtus montebelli montebelli. PMID- 7045474 TI - A possible mode of release of secretory granules from adrenomedullary cells in domestic fowl. PMID- 7045475 TI - Salmonella typhimurium infection in imported passerine and psittacine birds. PMID- 7045476 TI - Staring at a reformation. PMID- 7045478 TI - "Bacardi" hypoglycemia. PMID- 7045477 TI - "It wasn't what I thought it was going to be". PMID- 7045479 TI - Implementing staggered twelve-hour shifts for ED nurses. PMID- 7045480 TI - Triage nurse decisions: a prospective study. PMID- 7045481 TI - Atropine poisoning: jimsonweed. PMID- 7045482 TI - "T's and blues". PMID- 7045483 TI - Ethics, defensive medicine, and the law. PMID- 7045484 TI - Consent and the mentally impaired patient. PMID- 7045485 TI - Smoke inhalation. PMID- 7045486 TI - Carcinomas of the cervix and corpus uteri in humans: stage-dependent blood levels of substance(s) immunologically cross-reactive with insulin. AB - Inasmuch as the elevated levels of substance(s) immunologically cross-reactive with insulin (SICRI) in a diabetic woman with carcinoma of the corpus uteri decreased following the surgical removal of the uterus and ovaries, 80 women with cervical carcinomas of various stages and 70 women with carcinomas of the corpus uteri of various stages were screened for the levels of SICRI and C-peptide. The levels of SICRI in the second, third, and fourth stages of the cancers were elevated (up to six times above the normal levels of immunoreactive insulin) and stage-dependent. The levels of C-peptide, which are related to the insulin secreting activity of pancreatic beta-cells, were normal and independent of the stage of cancer. PMID- 7045487 TI - High cloning efficiency of human lymphoid cells in agarose without feeder layers. AB - A protocol has been developed that consistently gives high cloning efficiencies for human lymphoid cell lines (lymphoblastoid and lymphoma) in agarose without the use of feeder layers. This procedure utilizes a cloning medium that contains horse serum, alpha-ketoglutarate or oxalacetate, and high levels of glutamine. PMID- 7045488 TI - Orthopaedic surgery at Johns Hopkins: a heritage of excellence in clinical practice, training and research. PMID- 7045489 TI - Virulence factors of anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 7045490 TI - The statue of the Christus Consolator at The Johns Hopkins Hospital: its acquisition and historic origins. PMID- 7045491 TI - [Nursing in the European Community; nursing in Belgium]. PMID- 7045492 TI - Effect of hypochloremia on loop segment chloride and solute reabsorption in the rat during volume expansion. AB - Hypochloremia has been associated by inference from clearance studies with disturbances in free water reabsorption and renal renin release by a macula densa mechanism. To examine directly these relationships, we studied chloride, fluid, and solute transport in the loop segment (LS) of rat superficial nephrons by micropuncture techniques following acute volume expansion with 0.15 m sodium chloride (CVE) or sodium bicarbonate (BVE). Plasma renin activity was suppressed in group CVE but not in group BVE. Blood pressure, plasma volume expansion, whole kidney GFR, urinary sodium excretion, late proximal and early distal SNGFR, and fluid delivery to the LS were no different between groups CVE and BVE despite different plasma chloride concentrations (102 +/- 5 mEq/liter for CVE vs. 74 +/- 3 for BVE; P less than 0.001). Absolute LS chloride reabsorption was less in BVE than it was in CVE (2030 +/- 120 pEq/min vs. 2454 +/- 136; P less than 0.025). This was associated with significantly lower fractional absolute LS solute reabsorption and higher early distal tubule fluid osmolality. These data demonstrate directly and in vivo that a decrease in chloride reabsorption in the LS of superficial nephrons is associated with impaired solute reabsorption in that segment and a failure to suppress plasma renin activity by sodium loading. PMID- 7045493 TI - Effects of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on fetal renal function. AB - The role of renal prostaglandin production on the control of renal blood flow (RBF) and renal function was studied in eight chronically catheterized fetal lambs during the last trimester of gestation by using indomethacin as an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. Following administration of indomethacin, RBF decreased significantly (-7.44 +/- 2.04 ml/min) whereas significant increases in filtration fraction (+3.92 +/- 0.85%) and renal vascular resistance (+ 0.41 +/ 0.13 mm Hg . ml-1 . min-1) were observed. Significant changes in glomerular perfusion rate were observed only in the inner portion of the cortex. No changes in GFR were demonstrated. Following administration of indomethacin, significant increases in fetal urinary sodium (+22.2 +/- 7.03 micro E/min) and chloride excretion (+18.2 +/- 6.26 micro E/min) were found despite a decrease in RBF. No changes in potassium excretion were seen. A significant increase in Uosm (+100 +/ 25.9 mOsm/kg H2O) not associated with significant changes in urinary flow rate was also demonstrated following indomethacin. Finally, fetal administration of indomethacin produced a significant decrease in plasma renin activity (-2.70 +/- 0.65 ng/ml/hr) not associated with changes in plasma aldosterone concentration. The present data are consistent with the idea that prostaglandins are important modulators of RBF and renin secretion during fetal life. The inability of indomethacin to render the urine hypertonic indicates that the inability of the fetal kidney to concentrate is probably not due to endogenous activity of the renal prostaglandin system. The increase in sodium chloride excretion with a concomitant reduction of RBF is a pattern not previously reported following inhibition of prostaglandin production. In addition to their effects on RBF and renin release, renal prostaglandins in the fetal kidney may have tubular effects on sodium and chloride absorption that are opposite to those generally ascribed to adult kidneys. PMID- 7045494 TI - Renal pelvic neoplasms and atypical urothelium in patients with end-stage analgesic nephropathy. AB - In a series of 772 renal transplant patients, 84 had analgesic nephropathy (AN). Four of them had renal pelvic carcinoma. The incidence of atypical urothelial changes of the renal pelvis was studied in 56 AN patients, the majority nephrectomized before or shortly after the renal transplantation. Urothelial atypia, usually bilaterally, was found in 27 patients. Multiple sections resulted in an even higher incidence (8/9). No atypical changes were found in normal kidneys or in end-stage diseased kidneys with other diseases, or in chronically rejected renal allografts. These findings further strengthen the association between intake of phenacetin-containing analgesics and the development of renal pelvic tumors. Patients with end-stage analgesic nephropathy are a high-risk group for developing urinary tract tumors and should be subjected to endoscopic and cytologic surveillance. After renal transplantation, prophylactic bilateral nephroureterectomy is advocated. PMID- 7045495 TI - The glomerular filtration rate of isogeneically transplanted rat kidneys. AB - The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined in rats with an isogeneic kidney transplant and compared with that of unilaterally nephrectomized rats. Experiments were carried out in adult rats, 3 months of age, weighing approximately 300 g, as well as in juvenile rats, 6 to 8 weeks of age, weighing approximately 170 g. All donor kidneys were taken from adult rats. The GFR was measured regularly, using a chromium 51-EDTA clearance technique which permitted repeated measurements to be taken in the same animals, during a 15-week followup period. After unilateral nephrectomy the GFR per 100 g body weight (BW) increased compared with that of a single normal kidney. Adult transplant recipients had a GFR per 100 g BW of about 80% of that of unilaterally nephrectomized rats. There was no statistical difference in the GFR when comparing adult recipients of either a normal or a hyperfunctional kidney. When isografts were transplanted to juvenile recipients, there was an initial decrease in the absolute GFR compared with the donor value in the case of a normal adult donor kidney. This decrease was even more pronounced when a hyperfunctioning kidney was transplanted to a juvenile recipient. However, when related to BW the GFR was, as in the adult recipients, about 80% of that of unilaterally nephrectomized juvenile rats. During the followup period the systolic blood pressure was measured regularly by tail plethysmography, in order to detect any blood pressure elevations, which are a frequent complication in adult and pediatric human renal transplantation. However, no hypertension was observed after isogeneic kidney transplantation in the various groups. These results show that the GFR of isogeneically transplanted rat kidneys amounts to about 80% of the maximally attainable level. Isogeneic transplantation of an adult kidney to a juvenile recipient results in a rapid adaptation of the GFR to the smaller size of the body and does not cause an increase in blood pressure. PMID- 7045496 TI - [Intravascular plastic repair using the universal US-18 vascular suturing apparatus]. PMID- 7045497 TI - [Surgery in adolescence]. PMID- 7045498 TI - [Errors and complications in using the PKS-25 apparatus]. PMID- 7045499 TI - [Digestive complications after a kidney allograft]. PMID- 7045500 TI - [Local antibiotic therapy in the form of gentamycin PMMA grains and chains]. PMID- 7045501 TI - [Surgery in Bulgaria through the ages]. PMID- 7045502 TI - [Structural characteristics and functional properties of the Lada mechanical ventilation apparatus]. PMID- 7045503 TI - [Liver transplantation]. PMID- 7045504 TI - [Pathogenesis of pancreatitis]. PMID- 7045505 TI - [N. I. Pirogov: brilliant surgeon and founder of topographical anatomy]. PMID- 7045506 TI - [Hyalokeratopathy of the corneal graft caused by spontaneous herniation of the vitreous (author's transl)]. AB - Corneovitreal attachment represents a major risk to the corneal graft in aphakic eyes. A frequent event after cataract extraction is the hernia-like prolapse of the vitreous into the anterior chamber, sometimes up to the posterior surface of the cornea. Herniation of the vitreous can also occur when keratoplasty and cataract extraction are carried out simultaneously. If the vitreous adherens to the cornea, the young graft becomes opaque. The possibility of vitreous hernia is the most important objection against combined operation. In a few of our cases the cause of the opacification of the graft was corneovitreal contact following the spontaneous internal prolapse of the vitreous. Clear evidence of this was found in the course of reoperations. The opaque grafts obtained proved to be hyalokeratopathies histologically. PMID- 7045507 TI - [Recurrent bilateral iritis in a case of salmonellosis (author's transl)]. AB - Case report on a 24-year-old patient with bilateral recurrent iritis with salmonellosis (bacterial food poisoning). The stool test revealed salmonella typhi murium. It is remarkable that, in spite of a careful general anamnesis, the patient at first failed to mention the gastroenteric symptoms. PMID- 7045508 TI - Serum-sialyltransferase activity in cancer patients. AB - Serum-sialyltransferase activity was measured in serum samples of 116 patients with malignant tumors of various origins and different clinical stages using asialo-fetuin as the acceptor and cytidine-5'-mono-phospho[14C]sialic acid as the donor. Only patients with metastatic tumors had significantly elevated serum sialyltransferase levels. Increased enzyme activity was also associated with rheumatoid arthritis and with acute hepatitis, whereas no significant alteration of enzyme activity was observed in cystic fibrosis patients. In a group of tumor patients, various additional tumor markers were determined (carcinoembryonic antigen, alkaline phosphatase: Regan isoenzyme, creatinekinase: BB-isoenzyme, lactatedehydrogenase: isoenzyme 5) and the data compared to the clinical diagnoses. The sensitivity and specificity of serum-sialyltransferase as a tumor marker is assessed. PMID- 7045509 TI - Immunocytochemical method for the detection of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in acute leukemia. AB - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) has become an important marker for the classification of acute leukemias. Originally detected by a biochemical assay, the presence of this enzyme in leukemia can now be detected by making use of a highly specific antibody and by applying the immunofluorescence method. In this study, an attempt was made to apply the unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique for the examination of TdT positive cells. We have optimized this method and have compared the different assays - biochemical, immunofluorescence, and immunocytochemical (PAP) - in ten patients with acute leukemia. The results obtained from all three methods are in accordance with one another, but the PAP method is a further simplification for the detection of TdT in the routine diagnostic of acute leukemias. PMID- 7045510 TI - [Significance of thyroglobulin as a tumor marker in the serum of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma: longitudinal and cross-sectional studies (author's transl)]. AB - For evaluating the clinical significance of thyroglobulin measurements for the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, thyroglobulin was determined radioimmunologically during the past 2 years (up to 12 times) in 40 patients after withdrawal of thyroid hormone. Thyroglobulin values were compared with whole-body scintigrams after radioiodine. Thyroglobulin antibodies, which may interfere in the radioimmunoassay for thyroglobulin, were also estimated by a radioimmunologic method. In the majority of cases, thyroglobulin levels corresponded to the scintigrams, however, the thyroglobulin level appeared to be a more precise index for changes in tumor tissue mass. In one patient the scintigram was negative, whereas considerable amounts of thyroglobulin were measured in the serum: X-ray tomography revealed a lung metastase in this case. On the other hand, thyroglobulin was undetectable in the sera of patients who exhibited distinct metastases in the scintigram. Thyroglobulin can be regarded as a tumor marker in patients thyroidectomized for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. However, its determination can certainly not replace whole-body scintigraphy as postulated by several authors, although thyroglobulin measurement appears to be superior to scanning in some cases. A combined application of iodine scanning and thyroglobulin radioimmunoassay is thus advisable in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 7045511 TI - Effects of tyramine on blood pressure and plasma catecholamines in normal and hypertensive subjects. AB - Responses of blood pressure and plasma catecholamines to intravenous injection of tyramine at increasing dosage (30, 45, and 60 microgram/kg, respectively) were evaluated in 25 normal subjects and 20 patients with mild essential hypertension. Basal plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations before tyramine injections were similar in the two groups. Following tyramine injection, plasma epinephrine was unchanged. Responses of plasma catecholamines and blood pressure to tyramine were similar in the two groups. Plasma norepinephrine increased significantly 2 min after a dose of 30 microgram/kg, but higher tyramine doses failed to produce a further increase in plasma norepinephrine. In contrast, pressor responses to tyramine were dose-dependent. Maximal pressor responses were observed within 23 min after injection. These findings reveal a dissociation between changes in blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine following injection of tyramine. Lack of steady state may limit the value of tyramine bolus injections as a tool for the quantitation of pressor responsiveness to variations in endogenous sympathetic output. Alternatively, it is possible that the pressor effect of tyramine may be mediated at least in part by a norepinephrine independent mechanism. PMID- 7045513 TI - [Nikolai Andreevich Vinogradov (on the 150th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7045512 TI - The syndrome of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness, and other abnormalities (DIDMOAD-syndrome). Two affected sibs and a short review of the literature (98 cases). AB - We describe two sibs with DIDMOAD-Syndrome, a 19-year-old girl with diabetes mellitus (type I), optic atrophy, inner-ear deafness, and atonia of the urinary tract, and her 5-year-old brother with diabetes mellitus (type I) and optic atrophy. Studies of red blood cell insulin receptors revealed a normal number of receptors per cell and normal affinity to insulin. The syndrome represents an autosomal recessively inherited type of diabetes mellitus, which remains often undiagnozed since most of the symptoms except diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy occur with varying expressivity. An atonia of the efferent urinary tract often with fatal complications is present in 46% of all patients with this syndrome reported in the literature and is unfortunately not included in the acronym DIDMOAD. PMID- 7045514 TI - [Diagnostic importance of determining intraduodenal proteolytic activity in the exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7045515 TI - Acute anterior uveitis in association with Klebsiella pneumoniae and HLA-B27. PMID- 7045516 TI - Detection of natural Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in rats and mice by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - A total of 2,194 rats and mice representing 10 rat and nine mouse strains from eight commercial breeding facilities and 19 research institutions were tested for Mycoplasma pulmonis antibodies of the IgG and IgM classes by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cultural data also were obtained from 1,139 of these animals and histopathological data from 410. Reliability of the IgG ELISA for detection of infection in rats and mice was found to be excellent. Virtually no rat or mouse colony was culturally negative and IgG ELISA positive, or vice versa. However, discrepancies between ELISA and cultural results were observed in individual animals. Discrepancies occurred significantly more often with the IgM than IgG ELISA and more so in mice than in rats, particularly in barrier maintained animals. Agreement of the IgG and IgM ELISA with culture in barrier maintained rats was 100% and 94%, respectively and in barrier-maintained mice 87% and 69%, respectively. Available evidence suggested that some of the discrepancies in mice could be due to either active or previous low level infection or failure to culture multiple sites. However, the greatly reduce correlation of the IgM ELISA and culture in mice was incompletely understood, and in the absence of other evidence of infection must be interpreted with caution. Even though the present study was not designed to determine comprehensive incidence figures, the results indicated widespread Mycoplasma pulmonis infection both in conventional and "barrier-maintained" colonies as demonstrated by ELISA a well as cultural isolation. PMID- 7045517 TI - Spontaneous proteus nephritis among male C3H/HeJ mice. AB - The spontaneous occurrence of nephritis and resultant mortality was investigated among 2,836 control or treated (dermal carcinogenesis bioassays) C3H/HeJ male mice. Overall incidence of nephritis putatively caused by Proteus mirabilis was 1.2%. Incidences were similar in control and treated mice and ranged from 2.5- 32.5% among 73 unrelated treatment or control groups. Diagnosis was based upon characteristic gross or histologic renal lesions. Grossly affected kidneys contained either multiple, discrete tan foci or elevated pale tan patches. Histologic renal lesions consisted of a multifocal necropurulent nephritis with numerous gram negative bacteria present in affected tubules. Necrotizing pyelitis and papillitis usually was present, an necropurulent cystitis was present in half of the cases examined histologically. Proteus mirabilis, isolated in pure culture from an affected kidney, produced similar renal lesions after intraperitoneal or intravenous inoculation of clinically normal C3H/HeJ males. The organism was reisolated from the kidneys of the experimentally produced cases. It was concluded that nephritis putatively caused by Proteus mirabilis was an important cause of mortality in male C3H/HeJ mice. PMID- 7045518 TI - Primary culture of rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. Isolation, growth, and characterization. AB - A procedure for the isolation and long-term in vitro cultivation of endothelial cells from rat cerebral cortical microvasculature is described. Migrating cells emerged from collagenase-treated microvessel fragments as early as 1 to 2 days in culture. Migration continued and marked proliferation began 5 to 7 days after isolation and continued up to 12 to 14 days. Cell colonies developed and consisted of endothelial cells as determined by phase contrast microscopy and cell culture behavior. Proliferation of the endothelial cells was significantly enhanced (3- to 4-fold) with the addition of endothelial cell growth supplement at a concentration of 150 microgram. per ml. Cultures with endothelial cell growth supplement (ECGS) retained their characteristic endothelial morphology for 6 to 8 weeks, after which they exhibited a gradual deterioration and loss of their phenotypic appearance. The endothelial origin of these cells was demonstrated by positive immunofluorescent staining for factor VIII antigen and angiotensin-converting enzyme and lack of binding of rat smooth muscle myosin antibody. Ultrastructural examination of confluent endothelial cell cultures revealed intercellular junctional complexes consisting of gap junctions, punctate fusions, and tight junctions. Since long-term endothelial cell cultures derived from the cerebral microvasculature retain characteristic endothelial cell markers and in vivo markers and in vivo features of brain capillary endothelium, they can serve as a useful model system to characterize microvascular endothelium in a variety of disease states. PMID- 7045519 TI - Experimental glomerulonephritis induced in rabbits by horseradish peroxidase. Mesangial uptake and processing of immune complexes. AB - Phagocytosis of immune complexes by glomerular mesangial cells was studied in rabbits in which immune complex nephritis was induced with subcutaneously injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Polymorphonuclear leukocytes accumulated in the glomerular capillary lumina, and the mesangial matrix increased soon after the last injection of HRP. The HRP-anti-HRP immune complexes localized diffusely in the mesangial matrix, and some of the complexes were phagocytosed by mesangial cells. After 7 days, the complexes localized to the vascular pole of the glomerulus, but they could not be detected as electron-dense deposits by electron microscopy. These studies indicate the involvement of mesangial cells in phagocytosis and elimination of immune complexes in rabbits with HRP-anti-HRP immune complex nephritis. PMID- 7045520 TI - Fungitoxicity of muramidase. Ultrastructural damage to Candida albicans. AB - The antifungal activity of hen egg-white lysozyme was investigated in vitro using a hypotonic medium designed to support an anabolic cellular state with minimal growth stimulation. The pathogenic yeast Candida albicans was found to be sensitive to microgram amounts of hen egg-white lysozyme. This susceptibility was evidenced by sluggish growth and a dose-dependent killing process. Transmitted and scanning electron microscopic observations on lysozyme-treated C. albicans yeast cells revealed the following ultrastructural modifications: (1) plasmolysis, vacuolar expansion and wrinkled surface configuration; (2) unremitting accumulation of wall-like material that bulged into the periplasmic space; (3) qualitative changes in the organization of the wall. Ongoing structural modifications within the wall were highlighted with the cationic heavy metal dye ruthenium red. A disruption in the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane was evidenced by modification 1 and by differential staining characteristics in light microscopy. The superimposed osmotic imbalance was identified as the cause of cell death. It is proposed that lysozyme acts on C. albicans by two distinct complementary mechanisms: enzymatic hydrolysis of N glycosidic bonds that link polysaccharides and structural proteins of the wall; injury to the cytoplasmic membrane as a result of a cationic protein kind of interaction. PMID- 7045521 TI - Antibodies to Strongyloides stercoralis larval surface antigens in chronic strongyloidiasis. AB - Antibodies to intact rhabditiform and filariform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis were measured by indirect immunofluorescence using quantitative fluorescence microscopy. Forty-four of 48 sera from infected patients (92 per cent) were positive for IgG antibodies specific for surface antigens of filariform larvae. None of 30 North American adult control sera were positive. All sera from patients with Schistosoma mansoni, Loa loa, or hookworm infections or with idiopathic hypereosinophilia were negative. Three of nine sera from patients with Bancroftian filariasis were weakly positive. Pre- and posttreatment sera from seven patients were tested, and there was a marked decrease in antibody titers in all posttreatment sera. Twelve sera from infected patients were also tested for the presence of IgA and IgM antibodies specific for surface antigens of filariform larvae; all sera were negative for specific IgA, and only one exhibited a weak positivity for specific IgM. Nine of the IgG-positive sera were tested for the presence of IgA and IgG antibodies directed against surface antigens of S. stercoralis rhabditiform larvae. No parasite-specific IgA was detected in any of the sera, but most sera contained small amounts of parasite specific IgG. We conclude that the majority of patients with chronic uncomplicated strongyloidiasis develop specific IgG antibodies directed against the surface of filariform larvae, the invasive stage of the parasite. such antibodies may be involved in host defenses that prevent fatal hyperinfection in immunocompetent individuals. In addition, our results confirm that the indirect immunofluorescence employing filariform larvae as antigen is a sensitive and specific test that may be a useful adjunct to stool examination in the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis. PMID- 7045522 TI - Cytotoxicity of natural killer cells: correlation with emperipolesis and surface enzymes. AB - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity involving natural killer cells requires contact between effector and target cells for effective cytolysis. Ultrastructural studies of biopsies of primary human malignant melanoma showed mononuclear leukocytes to be located in close proximity to tumor cells and, on occasion, within the confines of the melanoma cell itself. This phenomenon, called emperipolesis, was examined in vitro to determine whether the same population of cells that exhibits emperipolesis is responsible for cytotoxicity. Since natural killer cells have been identified morphologically and functionally as large granular lymphocytes with surface receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin (FcR+ cells), lymphocytes were depleted of FcR+ cells, and their cytotoxicity and ability to emperipolese were measured. Both of these properties were markedly diminished (88 and 85 per cent, respectively). Systematic comparison of emperipolesis and cytotoxicity from donors known to exhibit either high or low lymphocyte cytotoxicity showed perfect concordance. Ultrastructural analysis of in vitro emperipolesis revealed the emperipolesing lymphocytes to be FcR+ cells establishing identity with the large granular cells known to mediate cytotoxicity. The morphologic marker found in both FcR+ cells, purified by rosetting techniques, and in emperipolesed lymphocytes consisted of cytoplasmic parallel tubular arrays. Further studies designed to elucidate a mechanism for cytotoxicity and emperipolesis implicated cell surface proteases as mediators of these activities. Competitive inhibition of surface proteases with artificial and natural inhibitors markedly reduced both cytotoxicity and emperipolesis. Therefore, it is likely that lymphocytes that are FcR+ participate in cell medicated cytotoxicity through mechanisms involving cell contact and enzyme initiated damage of target cells. Emperipolesis represents one type of effector target cell contact leading to cytotoxicity. PMID- 7045523 TI - Speech-language pathologists' connotations of stuttering. AB - In a study to elicit clinicians' connotative meanings regarding stuttering, 206 practicing speech-language pathologists participated. A semantic differential technique was utilized for gathering responses to seven concepts in the domain of stuttering on five meaning dimensions. The background variables of clinicians' age, academic degree, clinical experience, ASHA certification, and academic coursework in stuttering were also measured. Results indicated that increasing age, higher degrees, more coursework, or more clinical experience did not produce more positive connotations among speech-language pathologists. Those holding the Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology showed more positive connotative responses than the noncertified group. Speech-language pathologists do respond differently on meaning dimensions for concepts in the domain of stuttering. The concept stuttering was evaluated more positively than all others, whereas the concept stuttering therapy was evaluated more negatively than any of the other six. Concepts which referred to individuals who stutter were viewed in a similar negative way regardless of age or sex. The subjects did not respond to the concept parents of stutters as negatively as they did toward those who stutter. PMID- 7045524 TI - Extravascular lung water as a function of the magnitude of pulmonary artery pressure in the septic pig. PMID- 7045525 TI - Thallium distribution in ischemic skin flaps. PMID- 7045526 TI - Host modification on the skin allograft assay. PMID- 7045527 TI - Complement catabolism and chemotaxis in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7045528 TI - Cyclosporin A in orthotopic canine hepatic transplants. PMID- 7045529 TI - Time limits for submersion of canine left ventricular biopsies in cold isopentane. PMID- 7045530 TI - The Veterans Administration and academic surgery. A report from the Committee on Issues of the Association for Academic Surgery 1979 meeting. PMID- 7045531 TI - Specific tumor immunity produced by the injection of vaccinia viral oncolysates. PMID- 7045533 TI - AMA 1981 annual meeting report. Organ donor recruitment. PMID- 7045532 TI - Bacteremic shock: aspects of high-energy metabolism of rat liver following living Escherichia coli injection. PMID- 7045534 TI - AMA 1981 annual meeting report. Acupuncture. PMID- 7045535 TI - The wild and the cultivated: wine in Euripides' Bacchae. PMID- 7045536 TI - Dieffenbachia: uses, abuses and toxic constituents: a review. PMID- 7045537 TI - Medicinal and other uses of the Compositae by Indians in the United States and Canada. AB - This paper represents a comprehensive literature search of reported uses for plants of the sunflower family (Compositae) by American Indians north of Mexico. For economy, the original data on 474 plants have been transcribed into a concise telegraphic style. The Compositae are found to be primarily of medicinal use, with less frequent nutritional and ceremonial applications. This review is useful to pharmacologists and chemists desiring cultural clues to plants of medicinal promise, as well as to botanists and anthropologists with ethnobotanical interests. PMID- 7045538 TI - Technical hint to correct loose anastomoses. PMID- 7045539 TI - Ultrastructural and functional studies on prolonged myocardial preservation in an experimental heart transplant model. AB - The effect of ischemia with hypothermic cardioplegic preservation were studied in a heterotopic isograft rat heart transplant model. Hearts with ischemic time periods of 0.5, 4, 8, and 12 hours (n = 5 to 7 transplants per ischemic time period) were analyzed for structural and functional changes 50 days after transplantation. Postoperative recovery was prolonged with increasing duration of preservation times, but all transplants functioned normally 20 minutes and 50 days after transplantation. Function of right ventricular strips from graft and normal hearts were compared in a muscle bath. No differences were observed between baseline or isoproterenol-stimulated myocardium from all grafts or normal hearts. Electron and light microscopy studies of right and left ventricle and ventricular septum samples demonstrated marked fibrosis at 4, 8, and 12 hours of preservation with no differences between the 4, 8 and 12 hour grafts. There were no other differences in other features examined, including necrotic, mitochondrial, I-band, contractility, nuclear, endothelial cell, or intracellular lipid changes. We conclude that (1) except for significant fibrosis, transplants have normal structure and function after 4, 8, and 12 hours of preservation, (2) in assessing the efficacy of hypothermic cardioplegic preservation, chronic structural changes are more sensitive than functional changes, and (3) hypothermic cardioplegic preservation is feasible up to 12 hours but fibrosis may be the ultimate limiting factor in man. PMID- 7045540 TI - Memorial to Dr. Alton Ochsner. PMID- 7045541 TI - Residual shunting in the early postoperative period after closure of atrial septal defect: echocardiographic comparison of patch materials. AB - Residual shunting after surgical closure of septal defects is a common postoperative complication. In this study, contrast echocardiography was used to assess the effect of different surgical patch materials on early postoperative residual shunting. The study consisted of 44 patients (aged 3 days to 64 years) with simple or complex atrial septal defects. Total pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratios ranged form 1.8:1 to 4.0:1. Three methods were used to close the atrial septal defects: primary suture closure (n = 7), patching with thin, knit Teflon fabric (n = 13), and patching with thicker, low porosity, knit Teflon fabric (n = 24). Contrast echocardiographic injections were performed through central venous and left atrial lines positioned at operation for monitoring purposes. Ten of the 44 patients had residual shunts. In five of them, daily contrast studies showed progressive diminution in shunting with eventual resolution, but in the other five patients, shunting persisted beyond the first 5 postoperative days. Three of the latter five required reoperation for actual residual anatomic defects. No patient whose atrial septal defect was closed by either direct suture or thick, low porosity Teflon fabric had shunting detected at any time postoperatively. Our data confirmed temporary leakage across newly implanted intracardiac patches. However, shunts that persist beyond the first postoperative week indicate true anatomic residua and not porous patch material. If a patient's recovery is complicated, use of contrast echocardiography can determine whether a residual shunt is a causative factor. In patients with complex lesions in whom continued shunting during the early postoperative period may cause serious hemodynamic consequences, heavier, low porosity patch material can be useful. PMID- 7045542 TI - The enigma of blood transfusions and kidney transplantation. PMID- 7045544 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7045543 TI - National Institutes of Health statement--coronary artery bypass surgery: scientific and clinical aspects [... NIH Consensus Development]. PMID- 7045545 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1) as a possible index of metabolic compensation in diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045546 TI - [Primary glomerulonephritis: basic histologic classification. Clinical, pathological and immunofluorescent study of 163 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045547 TI - [The physician and access to bibliographic information in biomedicine. Methodologic guide to using information sources. The National Library of Medicine: "Index Medicus" and MEDLARS]. PMID- 7045548 TI - Different survival of long-term kidney transplant recipients treated with daily or alternate day corticosteroids. AB - To define the effect of different immunosuppressive treatments on survival of long-term kidney transplant recipients, we have followed, for a period of four years, a group of 18 long-term survivors (more than three years) of kidney transplantation who were subjected to two different corticosteroid regimens (daily or alternate day corticosteroids) plus azathioprine. THis study not only confirms that an alternate day corticosteroid treatment reduces the incidence of infectious episodes and of side effects, but also suggests that it may steadily improve the survival of these patients. One of the six patients who performed an alternate day corticosteroid regimen died and only one lost renal graft function. On the contrary, three of the twelve patients who received daily corticosteroids died of causes related to immunosuppressive treatment, while another five patients lost renal graft function. A very low level of peripheral blood lymphocytes, of early E rosette and E rosette-forming cells was detected in patients who died of causes related to immunosuppressive treatment. PMID- 7045549 TI - Evaluation of aldosterone antagonists in healthy man. AB - The development of methods to allow the quantitative comparison of aldosterone antagonists in healthy men is reviewed. Pharmacological action is measured against a background of mineralocorticoid excess, induced either by administration of exogenous mineralocorticoid (usually aldosterone or fludrocortisone), or by stimulation of endogenous mineralocorticoid using salt restriction, diuretic administration, or a combination of the two. Use of fludrocortisone as the exogenous mineralocorticoid has proved convenient and useful, but the influence of aldosterone antagonists on potassium metabolism has proved somewhat inconstant in this experimental model. Repeated administration of a medium-potency diuretic appears to provide a clinically relevant situation in which the effect of aldosterone antagonists on potassium metabolism can be assessed. We describe these experimental methods in detail, discuss their applications, and make some suggestions for further research. PMID- 7045550 TI - [The pioneers of brain surgery (Harvey Cushing)]. PMID- 7045551 TI - [Eric Carlens and mediastinology]. PMID- 7045552 TI - [Treatment of Crohn disease with metronidazole. A Swedish multicentre study]. PMID- 7045553 TI - History of Medicine Jean Marc Gaspard Itard - 1774-1838. AB - Here is the history of French physician and otologist, Jean Marc Gaspard Itard (1774-1838). As physician for the Institute for Deaf Mutes in Paris, Dr. Itard became responsible for the care and civilization of the "wild boy of Aveyron," also known as, "The Wild Child" of the Truffaut movie. Their encounter became the first carefully recorded effort to train a culturally deprived individual on a one-to-one basis, or perhaps on any basis. Dr. Itard's work lead directly through Dr. Sequin and Dr. Montessori to us today. If we now stand on the threshold of restoring hearing by implantation to the totally deaf, then the results we expect and the training programs we must follow will naturally take us back to the work of this physician of the French Revolution. PMID- 7045554 TI - Gingival and mandibular metastases from rectal adenocarcinoma: case report and 20 year review of the english literature. AB - Gingival metastases from non-oral malignancies are very uncommon. The case is presented of a man with rectal adenocarcinoma, whose first clinical evidence of metastatic disease was a gingival metastasis. Although the prognosis of patients with gingival metastases is felt to be poor, prompt initiation of appropriate therapy may afford significant palliation. A 20-year literature review of uncommon metastatic sites for rectal adenocarcinoma and non-oral malignancies which can metastasize to gingiva is briefly presented. Gingival metastasis should be included in the differential diagnosis of a gingival lesion in a patient with prior or current malignancy. PMID- 7045555 TI - Acute klebsiella epiglottitis: considerations for initial antibiotic coverage. AB - Acute epiglottis due to Klebsiella pneumoniae in an adult patient is described. The patient failed to respond to ampicillin and required cephalosporin therapy as well as surgical drainage. In view of increased resistance of Hemophilus influenzae to ampicillin and because of other possible etiologic agents such as Staphylococcus aureus and non-Hemophilus gram-negative rods, consideration should be given for the initial use of one of the recently introduced cephalosporins such as moxalactam or cefamandole in the treatment of adult epiglottitis. PMID- 7045556 TI - [Beginnings of organized care for the blind in Croatia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045557 TI - Catecholamines and the sleep-wake cycle. I. EEG and behavioral arousal. AB - The exact role of catecholamines (CA) on the sleep-wake cycle is still controversial. Critical analysis of lesion studies tends to suggest a neuromodulatory role for both dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) on EEG and behavioral arousal. Support for this view is provided by pharmacological studies in which catecholaminergic systems are activated or inhibited. Taken together they show that disturbances in the dynamic balance between neurochemical systems may alter the conditions for wake-triggering mechanisms to express at optimal levels. Large electrolytic or neurotoxic lesions which affect noradrenergic and dopaminergic structures are associated with marked and prolonged EEG changes and decreased behavioral arousal, respectively. In contrast, specific and circumscribed damage restricted to these systems is followed by a transient decrease in waking activity. Thus, results observed after large central lesions are most probably related to destruction of non-catecholaminergic neurons. Inhibition of brain CA synthesis causes behavioral sedation and a decrease in waking activity. Selective pharmacological stimulation of presynaptic alpha adrenergic (alpha 2) receptors tends to decrease waking, while opposite effects result from alpha 2-receptor blockade. Drugs with agonistic activity at postsynaptic alpha-adrenergic (alpha 1) sites increase EEG desynchronization, but specific blockade of alpha 1-receptor does not result in marked decreases of waking EEG. In contrast, treatments which simultaneously block NE and DA receptors significantly affect waking. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers show no conclusive effects on waking or sleep. Selective DA-receptor agonists induce biphasic effects, with low doses decreasing and large doses increasing cortical desynchronization and motility. Opposite effects are observed in laboratory animals after injection of specific DA-receptor blockers. PMID- 7045558 TI - Resistance of the mouse to the antifertility effects of LHRH agonists. AB - In the mouse, the LH-releasing activity of the LHRH agonist, D-Trp6-N alpha MeLeu7-DesGly10-Pro9-NHEt-LHRH (Wy-40,972), was established by its ability both to induce ovulation when administered at 1600 hours on the the second day of diestrus and to elevate serum LH in adult males. While Wy-40,972 was only slightly less active in terms of these and points than it was in the rat, the predictive and possibly causal association between LH-releasing and antifertility activity established for this LHRH analog in the rat could not be clearly identified in the mouse. A total daily dose of 1000 microgram Wy-40,972/mouse was required to completely inhibit pregnancy during days 1-7 of pregnancy and produced only partial inhibition during days 7-12. This dose represents, on a body weigh basis, 8250 times the 100 percent effective pregnancy-terminating dose for the rat during equivalent intervals. The resistance of the mouse to the antifertility activity of Wy-40,972 was found not to be restricted to this particular LHRH analog or to the reproductive state. Administration of another potent LHRH analog, D-Ala6-DesGly10-Pro9-NHEt-LHRH (Wy-18,481), to adult male mice at a dose of 100 microgram/mouse/day for up to 14 days had no inhibitory effect on the weights of the testes or sex accesory organs. This dose of Wy 18,481 is 7500 times that necessary for significant reduction of these reproductive organ weights in rats within 7 days of treatment. Investigation as to the nature of the mouse's apparently divergent response to the LHRH agonists may further elucidate the antifertility mechanism of such compounds in susceptible species. PMID- 7045559 TI - Aspects of sterol metabolism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in Phytophthora. PMID- 7045560 TI - [Change in body metabolic processes due to incorporation of radionuclides]. PMID- 7045561 TI - [Cutaneous abscess caused by Salmonella typhimurium]. PMID- 7045562 TI - [Therapy of stabilized angina pectoris with diltiazem]. PMID- 7045563 TI - [Efficacy of a new antacid in duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7045564 TI - [The discovery of "a new form of ray" by W. C. Roentgen mirrored in the press]. PMID- 7045565 TI - [Kant's hygiene in old age]. PMID- 7045566 TI - [Therapeutic effect of etofyllinclofibrate in disordered lipid and uric acid metabolism]. PMID- 7045567 TI - [Who was Minister for Cultural Affairs during the time of Socrates?]. PMID- 7045568 TI - [Houssay and serendipity]. PMID- 7045569 TI - Budd-Chiari syndrome: etiology, diagnosis and management. PMID- 7045570 TI - Hyperventilation syndromes: infrequently recognized common expressions of anxiety and stress. PMID- 7045571 TI - The pathology of acute renal failure due to interstitial nephritis in man with comments on the role of interstitial inflammation and sex in gentamicin nephrotoxicity. PMID- 7045572 TI - Dr. Klaus Hofmann: an appreciation. PMID- 7045573 TI - Internalization and intracellular processing of insulin and insulin receptors in adipocytes. PMID- 7045574 TI - Insulin receptor isolation studies. AB - The observation that N alpha,B1-biotinylinsulin binds firmly to resins in which succinoylavidin is covalently attached to AH Sepharose 4B and can be retrieved by exposure of the resins to 20 mM biotin provided the basis for the present investigations. Solubilized, partially purified insulin receptor from human placenta binds to affinity resins in which N alpha,B1-biotinylinsulin is noncovalently attached to AH Sepharose 4B-immobilized-succinolylavidin. Exposure of the receptor loaded resin to 20 mM biotin results in liberation of a high molecular weight material containing bound 125I-biotinylinsulin, which precipitates with polyethyleneglycol and cross reacts with human insulin receptor antibodies. The technique is biospecific and appears to be applicable to the purification of insulin receptors on a preparative scale. Crude solubilized insulin receptor from human placenta is contaminated with "insulinase" which is inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. HPLC provides a tool to assess "insulinase" activity that is more sensitive than the TCA precipitation method. PMID- 7045575 TI - Reduction of carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia in (fa,fa) "Zucker" rats by the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose (BAY g 5421). AB - Inhibition of carbohydrate digestion by the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose (BAY g 5421)reduces carbohydrate-induced postprandial blood glucose increase and insulin secretion. As a consequence, in feeding experiments sucrose-induced hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia in genetically obese (fa,fa) "Zucker" rats were dose-dependently reduced by addition of acarbose to the diet (15-80 mg/100 g feed). The body weight gain was dose-dependently reduced. In short-term experiments with a fat-free diet acarbose not only prevented serum triglyceride and free fatty acid increase in spite of lowered insulin concentrations but also decreased their concentrations below the values obtained on standard feed. Under these conditions there were no significant effects on body weight. Hypertriglyceridemia induced by i.v. injection of the lipoprotein lipase inhibitor Triton WR 1339 was reduced without affecting body weight in "Zucker" rats after 3 days on a fat-free diet supplemented with acarbose. The triglyceride increase was even lower than in animals kept on standard feed. The data demonstrate that acarbose reduces sucrose-induced hypertriglyceridemia in (fa,fa) "Zucker" rats by diminishing VLDL production and/or secretion rather than by increasing VLDL removal from the blood. PMID- 7045576 TI - Regulation of insulin receptors in erythroid cells. AB - Previous studies using inhibitors have suggested that protein synthesis is necessary for "down-regulation" of insulin receptors. We have tested this hypothesis without the use of inhibitors by studying the ability of cells of the erythroid series to down-regulate their insulin receptors in vitro. The cells tested include mature erythrocytes and reticulocytes from rabbits and Friend erythroleukemia cells (a model for the basophilic erythroblast, a primitive nucleated erythrocyte). All cells were maintained at 37 degrees C for 18 hr +/- insulin (10(-8)M). Cultures were then incubated with phosphate buffered salines (pH 7.0) at 30 degrees C for 40 min to remove bound insulin. Receptors were quantitated by computerized analysis of Scatchard plots of subsequent insulin binding studies. Cells fully capable of both mRNA synthesis and protein synthesis, such as the undifferentiated and differentiated Friend erythroleukemia cell, had reduction of insulin receptors at 60% and 43%, respectively. Reticulocytes, which were capable of protein synthesis but not mRNA synthesis, had decreases of 25%-30% in 8 separate experiments. Mature erythrocytes, capable of neither RNA nor protein synthesis had no significant changes in receptor concentrations. Since mature erythrocytes do not "down-regulate" their insulin receptor concentration, studies of these receptors in erythrocytes of patients should be interpreted with caution. PMID- 7045577 TI - Effect of prostaglandin inhibition on the prolactin, renin, and aldosterone responses to dopamine antagonism. AB - The possible interactions between the prostaglandin and dopamine systems in the control of prolactin, renin and aldosterone secretion were studied in seven normal subjects. The responses to the dopamine antagonist, metoclopramide (10 mg. i.v.) were studied before and after prostaglandin inhibition with indomethacin (50 mg every 8 hr for 3 doses) while the subjects were in balance on a low sodium (less than 10 meq/day) diet. Urinary prostaglandin E excretion was reduced 61% (p less than 0.05) with indomethacin administration. Plasma renin activity (active and inactive) was not significantly affected by indomethacin treatment. However, the renin activity following metoclopramide tended to rise before, and fall after, indomethacin. Plasma aldosterone increased rapidly after metoclopramide, peaking at ten to fifteen minutes (p less than 0.01). There was no significant difference between the control and indomethacin days. Prolactin increased following metoclopramide, peaking at fifteen to thirty minutes (p less than 0.01). The prolactin response was significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased by indomethacin at four of six time points and the area beneath the response curve was significantly (p less than 0.05) blunted (3048 +/- 132 versus 3882 +/- 146 ng. min/ml). The results suggest that a cyclooxygenase product may modulate the prolactin response to dopamine antagonism. Although the renin response to metoclopramide was altered by indomethacin, the aldosterone response to dopamine antagonism is not medicated by cyclooxygenase products or the renin-angiotension system. PMID- 7045578 TI - Cloned truncated recA genes in E. coli. I. Effect on radiosensitivity and recA+ dependent processes. AB - Plasmids pMH1 and pDR1461, possessing the control region and 22% or 73% of the E. coli recA gene, conferred UV sensitivity to wild-type uvrA, and umuC bacteria. Sensitization was less in recA441 (tif-1) mutants and absent in lexA cells. Radiosensitization correlated with inhibition of recombinational repair, even through induced recA protein synthesis and recombination in Hfr matings were normal. Plasmids pMH1 and pDR1461 also prevented induction of some, but not all, SOS functions. Mutagenic reversion to tryptophan prototrophy and induced reactivation of UV-irradiated phage lambda were eliminated, and the efficiency of lambda lysogenic induction reduced. However, naladixic acid induced filamentous growth, mitomycin-C induced uvrA gene expression and post UV-irradiation DNA degradation control were little changed. Explanations of these effects are discussed which involve the presence of either truncated recA protein or multiple copies of the recA gene control sequence. PMID- 7045579 TI - Characterization of long patch excision repair of DNA in ultraviolet-irradiated Escherichia coli: an inducible function under rec-lex control. AB - Excision repair in ultraviolet-irradiated wild-type Escherichia coli produces a bimodal distribution of repair patch sizes in the DNA. Approximately 99% of the repair events result in short patches of 20-30 nucleotides produced by a constitutive repair system. The remaining 1% result in patches which are at least 1,500 nucleotides in length. This long patch repair is shown to be a damage inducible process under control of the rec-lex regulatory circuit. The kinetics of the two processes differ; short patch synthesis begins immediately after irradiation and is virtually completed prior to synthesis of the majority of the long patches. Long patch repair synthesis is a linear function of UV dose up to a plateau at 60 J/m2, and hence each long patch event is the consequence of a single UV-induced lesion. Long patch repair does not appear to be necessarily error-prone, since no alteration in repair synthesis occurs as a result of a mutation umuC- which renders cells nonmutable by UV. Evidence is presented suggesting that DNA polymerase I is responsible for both long and short patch synthesis in wild type cells under inducing conditions. In the absence of polymerase I the constitutive patch size averages 80-90 nucleotides, and this distribution is unchanged by induction. PMID- 7045580 TI - Positive involvement of ppGpp in derepression of the nif operon in Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - The kinetics of derepression of the enzyme nitrogenase were investigated, after exhaustion of a limiting amount of ammonium from the culture medium, in a prototrophic stringent-relaxed pair of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and in their F relA+-F relA derivatives. The results indicate that ppGpp (guanosine 3'-5' diphosphate) increases the nitrogen fixation capability of K. pneumoniae by at least three different mechanisms. (1) It prevents exhaustion of the ATP pool when nitrogen starvation is imposed. (2) The translational defects in relaxed mutants are suppressed by ppGpp during nif derepression. (3) The synthesis of nitrogenase components is at least five times higher in the presence of ppGpp than in its absence. This latter conclusion was based on experimental results obtained when following the incorporation of (35S)-methionine into nitrogenase components after pulse labelling at various time intervals during nif derepression. The nitrogenase components were separated by solid phase radioimmunoassay as well as by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7045581 TI - Changes in production of the mating-type-specific glycoproteins, agglutination substances in association with mating type interconversion in homothallic strains of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Sexual activity in homothallic strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. We succeeded in culturing homothallic haploid cells without conjugation, by lowering the pH value of the culture medium. In spore cultures of a homothallic strain both a and alpha pheromones were detected. Agglutination substance of a and alpha mating types were detected in homothallic haploid cells from spore cultures in early logarithmic phase regardless of mating type information at the HML and HMR loci, but either a or alpha agglutination substance was detected predominantly in homothallic haploid cells from spore culture in late logarithmic phase, depending on mating type information at the HML and HMR loci. PMID- 7045582 TI - Regulation of energy metabolism in yeast. Inheritance of a pleiotropic mutation causing defects in metabolism of energy reserves, ethanol utilization and formation of cytochrome a.a3. AB - The recessive, nuclear gene mutation glc1, which causes glycogen deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is highly pleiotropic. Studies of the inheritance of glc1 revealed two classes of phenotypic characteristics: I. Traits invariably associated with the mutant gene and II. Traits whose expressions require the presence of glc1 and one or more additional genes. Class I traits include glycogen deficiency and the loss of capacity to accumulate trehalose in nonproliferating conditions. Traits in the second class include a decreased rate of growth on ethanol medium, a deficiency in cytochrome a.a3 and an enhanced accumulation of pigment, probably a metalloporphyrin. Constructed strains containing both glc1 and the constitutive maltose fermentation gene MAL4c can accumulate trehalose but not glycogen during growth on glucose. However, accumulated trehalose is degraded when cells are exposed to nonproliferating conditions. It is proposed that the glc1 mutation affects a regulatory system, probably involving a protein kinase and/or protein phosphatase, which regulates glycogen synthase and trehalase. Independent regulation of trehalose synthesis by a system controlled by MAL4c is indicated. PMID- 7045583 TI - Kinetic suppression of translational errors by (p)ppGpp. AB - The effect of (p)ppGpp on the accuracy of translation was studied in vitro using a poly(U)-programmed poly(Phe)-synthesizing system operating at incorporation rates and missense error frequencies close to the values obtained in vivo. Simulation of a relaxed phenotype in vitro was accomplished by limitation of the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, while the noncognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase was included at saturating concentrations. This protocol yielded a Phe-tRNA starved steady state system displaying the expected decrease in Phe polymerization rates accompanied by a drastic increase in relative Leu misincorporation errors. The use of purified enzymes permitted us to assay for the effects of the individual nucleotides ppGpp and ppGpp as well as their potential targets, the elongation factors Tu and G, upon the missense error rates. Our results support the conclusion that ppGpp reduces misincorporation in a starved in vitro system by preferentially inhibiting EF-Tu. The details of the proposed mechanism and their relevance to an in vivo situation are discussed. PMID- 7045584 TI - Proteolytic activities in yeast after UV irradiation I. Variation in proteinase levels in repair proficient Rad+ strains. AB - Specific proteolytic activities are known to be induced in Escherichia coli following irradiation. Consequently it seemed of interest to investigate whether variations in proteinase activities occur in yeast. Among the five most well known proteinases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have found that proteinase B activity increases up to three times in wild-type RAD+ yeast cells after a dose of 50 Jm-2 of 254 nm ultraviolet light (40% survival). Carboxypeptidase Y and aminopeptidase I (leucin aminopeptidase) activities were only moderately increased. Proteinase A activity was only slightly enhanced, while aminopeptidase II (lysin aminopeptidase) was unaffected in both RAD+ strains studied. The observed post UV-increase in proteinase B activity was inhibited by cycloheximide and was dose dependent. Increases in proteinase B levels were independent of the activation method used to destroy the proteinase B-inhibitor complex present in the crude yeast extracts. A standard method for comparison of the postirradiation levels among different proteinases, strains and methods of activation is presented. PMID- 7045585 TI - Proteolytic activities in yeast after UV irradiation. II. Variation in proteinase levels in mutants blocked in DNA-repair pathways. AB - When the levels of three common yeast proteinases in exponentially growing cells of mutants blocked in different repair pathways are compared to that of isogenic wild-type cells, it can be seen that the level of proteinase B is enhanced in the mutants whereas the levels of leucin aminopeptidase (Leu.AP) and lysine aminopeptidase (Lys.AP) are similar in all strains. As in its corresponding wild type, the level of proteinase B activity is further enhanced after UV-irradiation in a mutant blocked in excision-repair (rad1-3). In contrast, following the same treatment the level of proteinase B remains almost constant in a mutant blocked in a general error-prone repair system (rad6-1) and in a mutant defective in a more specific mutagenic repair pathway (pso2-1). Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, blocks the post-UV enhancement in proteinase B activity observed in rad1-3 indicating that, as in the wild-type cells, an inducible process is involved. The levels of Lys.AP and Leu.AP are, respectively, either unaffected or only moderately increased following UV-treatment of the repair defective mutants, as in wild-type strains. It is obvious that the induction of protease B activity following UV-treatment in Saccharomyces cannot be equated to the induction of the recA protein in Escherichia coli. However the correlation found between the block in mutagenic repair and the lack of UV-induction of protease B activity leads to questions on the possible role of certain protease activities in mutagenic repair in eucaryotic cells. PMID- 7045586 TI - UV-mutable hybrids of Salmonella incorporating Escherichia coli region adjacent to tryptophan operon. AB - Salmonella typhimurium recombinants have been constructed which have acquired UV induced mutability. Such recombinants were obtained after transfer of plasmid F'126 from E. coli. UV-mutability was acquired by UV-stable Salmonella as a nonselective marker after selection of trp+ marker in 2.5% of the cases. Possible deficiency in UV-stable Salmonella of the umuC gene is discussed. PMID- 7045587 TI - Ribosomal recessive suppressors cause a respiratory deficiency in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Recessive suppressor mutations in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae alter a component of the cytoplasmic ribosomes, relaxing the control of translational fidelity. As a consequence ribosomes can misread nonsense codons as amino acids (Surguchov et al. 1980a). The suppressor mutants are often respiratory deficient, being unable to grow on non-fermentable substrates. The study of the cytochrome spectra has revealed that the cytochrome b and aa3 contents were lower in the mutants than in the parent strains. Furthermore, the suppressor mutations often cause hypersensitivity to paromomycin and neomycin on media with a non fermentable source of carbon. Some of the suppressor mutants exhibited both erythromycin and chloramphenicol-dependent growth on media containing ethanol or glycerol as a sole carbon source. These results suggest that the mutations altering cytoplasmic ribosomes may simultaneously impair the mitochondrial translation. A coupling of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial protein synthesis in yeast cells is proposed. The existence of a common protein component participating both in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic protein synthesis apparatus is discussed. PMID- 7045588 TI - Involvement of a gene of the chl E locus in the regulation of the nitrate reductase operon. AB - A strain of E. coli carrying a Mudl insertion leading to chlorate resistance was found to lack nitrate reductase and formate dehydrogenase activities, but to synthesize b-type cytochrome constitutively. Introduction of this insertion mutation into a strain bearing a fusion between the nitrate reductase operon (chl C, chl I) and the lac structural genes resulted in the constitutive expression of the lac genes of this last fusion. Identical results were found when the Mudl was eliminated promoting a deletion in the original insertion site. This mutation was located midway between gal and aro A, at the Chl E locus. Study of a chl E strain already described revealed similar behaviour. Absence of nitrate reductase activity in these strains which constitutively express the structural genes of the nitrate reductase operon was tentatively attributed to the simultaneous lack of a cofactor of the nitrate reductase terminal enzyme, possibly cofactor Mo-X, and of a repressor of the operon. PMID- 7045589 TI - Plasmid ColE1 conjugal mobility: the nature of bom, a region required in cis for transfer. AB - Conjugal mobility of ColE1 and related plasmids is promoted by a wide range of conjugative plasmids. ColE1 produces trans-acting products and has a region required in cis (bom ; basis of mobility) for such mobility. Here we show that plasmid pBR322 contains a functional bom sequence located within a 141 bp HhaI fragment. This bom region is functional for conjugation promoted by several different conjugative plasmids and is highly conserved in ColE1 and contains nic the putative origin of transfer. The orientation and position of bom with respect to the ColE1 vegetative origin of replication can be changed without affecting the frequency of conjugal mobility promoted by R64drd11. PMID- 7045590 TI - Damage to DNA induces expression of the ruv gene of Escherichia coli. AB - Regulation of the ruv gene of E. coli was studied using phage Mud (Ap lac) to obtain a fusion of the lac genes to the ruv promoter. Beta-galactosidase synthesis in the ruv-lac fusion strain was induced by mitomycin C and other agents that damage DNA. The induction of beta-galactosidase could be altered by mutations either in lexA or recA from which it is concluded that ruv is regulated by lexA repressor. A possible function of ruv in promoting cell recovery following damage to DNA is discussed. PMID- 7045591 TI - Pentose phosphate pathway mutants of yeast. AB - A glucose-negative mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, the second enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, has been obtained by inositol starvation. Suppression of this mutant for growth on glucose takes place by the loss of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. A lesion in the latter enzyme alone leaves growth practically unaffected. The mutations define the respective structural genes. PMID- 7045592 TI - Involvement of the nusB gene products in transcription of Escherichia coli tryptophan operon in vitro. AB - Synthesis of trp mRNA in vitro directed by plasmid DNA carrying the entire trp operon was studied using crude protein extracts (S-100) from Escherichia coli strains carrying the nusA or nusB mutation or both. It was found that the levels of trp mRNA transcribed from the promoter-distal genes (trpCBA) relative to that from the promoter-proximal genes (trpED) was markedly lower with extracts from the nus- mutants than that from the nus+ strain. Kinetic experiments suggest that termination of RNA transcripts at intragenic transcriptional barriers is prevented by the nus gene products from allowing efficient expression of the operon. PMID- 7045593 TI - Group H streptococcal bacteriocins having no relation to bacterial transformation. AB - The culture filtrate of group H streptococcus strain Challis produced a competence factor (CF) for bacterial transformation as well as a bactericidal factor(s) against Wicky cells. Strain 36658, in the same streptococcal group, also produced the bactericidal factor(s) but not CF. The effect of the Challis bacteriocin was limited to strains Wicky and 58, whereas the 36658 bacteriocin affected 67% of 49 strains tested. Strain 58, one of the indicator strains, was affected by the bactericidal activity of these bacteriocins but not by CF activity, and failed to transform. No relationship between the bacteriocin producing strains and indicator strains was observed. Both Challis and 36658 bacteriocin activities decreased markedly either when the bacteriocins were heated at 50 C for 30 min or with the addition of a protein synthesis inhibitor, but showed different sensitivities to trypsin, papain and lipase. The bacteriocins were of at least protein nature and their molecular weight was roughly estimated as 100,000 daltons by membrane filtration experiments. The 36658 bacteriocin is a new type of streptocin previously not reported. The possible absence of bacteriophage or phage-like particles in the preparations is discussed. PMID- 7045594 TI - [D. K. Zabolotnyy Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR on the 1500th jubilee of the city of Kiev]. PMID- 7045595 TI - [At the sources of medical microbiology in Kiev]. PMID- 7045596 TI - [Preservation of bacteria of the genus Acinetobacter in distilled water]. PMID- 7045597 TI - [Optimization of the composition of the medium for thrombolytic enzyme biosynthesis in pure and mixed cultures]. AB - The medium for the biosynthesis of exoproteases with the thrombolytic action in monocultures and mixed cultures of actinomycetes was optimized in several steps using the method of complete and fractional factor experiments. When Actinomyces rimosus was cultivated on the selected medium, the productivity of the mycelium rose, the fibrinolytic activity increased three-fold, and the caseinolytic activity became 2.2 times greater. During mixed cultivation of A. rimosus and A. violaceus on this medium, fibrinolysis increased six times comparing with the A. rimosus monoculture growth on the original medium while caseinolysis became only 3.7 times greater, which increased the specificity for fibrin twice. PMID- 7045598 TI - [Cytochrome composition and content of Citrobacter freundii]. AB - Citrobacter freundii, strain 62, produces considerable amounts of cytochromes c and b when it grows in media with different carbon compounds under both aerobic anc anaerobic conditions. The content of cytochromes c increases under anaerobic conditions, particularly in the presence of formate or DMSO, and under aerobic conditions if formate is added. In contrast, the amount of cytochromes b decreased when the culture is grown in media with formate under anaerobic conditions. Cytochrome o is principal terminal oxidase in C. freundii. Under certain growth conditions, the microorganism, just as E. coli, produced also cytochromes a and d. PMID- 7045599 TI - Erythrocyte - endothelial cell adherence in sickle cell disease, diabetes mellitus, and falciparum malaria: adverse effects reversed with piracetam. AB - The erythrocytes of patients with sickle hemoglobin, diabetes, and Falciparum malaria adhere disproportionately to endothelial cells. Such pathophysiological activity compromises the microcirculation and results in clinical disease. Since Piracetam (2-oxo-1 pyrrolidine acetamide) has been shown to have a number of clinically beneficial actions on the formed elements of the blood including disengagement of adherent diabetic and sickle erythrocytes there is a rational basis for the trial of Piracetam as an adjuvant drug in SS disease and in diabetes mellitus to improve function of the microcirculation. For similar but somewhat more complex reasons Piracetam may potentiate the efficacy of anti malarial drugs at any given dosage. Piracetam, a drug known to be safe in a decade of clinical usage, merits serious study in the 3 cited diseases. PMID- 7045600 TI - Etiogenesis of the European cystic fibrosis polymorphism: heterozygote advantage against venereal syphilis? PMID- 7045601 TI - Can vasectomy reduce the incidence of prostatic tumor? AB - Results from our laboratory have revealed that seminal plasma concentration of acid phosphatase, maltase, prolactin, citric acid, zinc and magnesium which are the secretory products of the prostate gland, decreased significantly in vasectomized men compared to those in controls namely normal fertile men. Further, it was observed that the decrease in prostatic function was not related to the time since vasectomy. Considering these two facts together, we propose that vasectomy may lead to decrease in the incidence of prostatic tumors - a disease that claims nearly 22,000 lives each year in the United States alone. PMID- 7045602 TI - "Pro-eu-karyote" graft acceptance: a mechanism for intracellular parasitism - a new hypothesis for pathogenesis of leprosy. PMID- 7045603 TI - Colloidal bismuth subcitrate tablets and placebo in chronic duodenal ulceration: a double-blind, randomised trial. AB - In a double-blind, randomised trial of 46 outpatients with endoscopically proven chronic duodenal ulceration, 22 were given colloidal bismuth subcitrate (De-Nol, Gist-Brocades) and 24 were given placebo for four weeks. Clinical and laboratory assessment was made after two and four weeks' therapy. Endoscopic healing was demonstrated in 86.5% of patients taking colloidal bismuth tablets and in 25% of patients taking placebo. We observed no clinical or biochemical side effects in either group. These results indicate that colloidal bismuth subcitrate tablets are well tolerated, and are effective in healing chronic duodenal ulcers. PMID- 7045604 TI - Intraspinal corticosteroid injections. PMID- 7045605 TI - Mexiletine vs. lignocaine in the management of ventricular arrhythmias after open heart surgery. AB - We made an open comparison of lignocaine and mexiletine in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias occurring after open-heart surgery. Thirty patients whose arrhythmia did not respond to correction of metabolic disturbances were randomly allocated to receive treatment either with lignocaine or with mexiletine in fixed dosage schedules (15 in each group). Failure to control the rhythm or recurrent abnormality led to administration of a further dose and, if this was unsuccessful, to crossover to the alternative agent. The two drugs were comparable in efficacy, but mexiletine was slightly more effective when administered after lignocaine than the converse. PMID- 7045606 TI - Comparison of cinoxacin and co-trimoxazole in the treatment of urinary tract infections. AB - A randomised single-blind clinical trial compared cinoxacin (500 mg every 12 hours) to co-trimoxazole (160 mg trimethoprim, 800 mg sulphamethoxazole every 12 hours) in the treatment of 63 patients with urinary tract infections. The symptomatic response was 73% for both drugs. Bacterial eradication was achieved in 81% and 100% of patients receiving cinoxacin and co-trimoxazole respectively. Three patients receiving co-trimoxazole stopped treatment because of adverse reactions. We conclude that cinoxacin is an effective and safe antibacterial agent in the treatment of urinary tract infections. PMID- 7045607 TI - Florey and Cairns. PMID- 7045608 TI - New defibrillator-monitor-pacer. PMID- 7045609 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus in later life. AB - This paper presents the clinical features of 14 patients in whom systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was diagnosed for the first time after the age of 45 years. The onset was insidious and the diagnosis was delayed in most patients, the mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis being five years. Clinical features in this group of patients differed from classic descriptions of SLE in that there was a high incidence of neuropsychiatric disturbances and low incidence of serositis, while non-specific complaints of fever, weight loss, and malaise were often the only presenting clinical features. Factors associated with disease activity, such as elevated ESR, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia were less frequency encountered than in younger patients. In 7 of 12 patients immunoglobulins and complement components were detected in basement membrane of normal skin. Diagnosis in this age group is difficult, and it is likely that SLE goes unrecognised in a number of older patients with non-specific complaints. PMID- 7045610 TI - Life in a Japanese prisoner-of-war camp. PMID- 7045611 TI - Experience with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Thirty-one patients were trained for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) over a 34-month period. Their mean age (42 +/- 14 years) did not differ from that of the total dialysis population. The training was conducted primarily on an outpatient basis by one registered nurse. The duration of treatment ranged from two to 34 months (median, 8.0 months). The technique failed in seven patients, in four because of peritonitis and in three because of catheter complications. Nine patients received renal transplants and one died while on CAPD. Dialysis was very effective with good biochemical control and excellent control of hypertension. Haemoglobin concentrations rose in 28 of the 31 patients (mean at 12 months, 2.0 g/L in 12 patients). Rehabilitation was comparable to that of home haemodialysis patients and superior to that of patients on hospital haemodialysis. The incidence of peritonitis decreased over the study period because of better patient selection, improved technology, and increased experience. PMID- 7045612 TI - Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in Western Australia. AB - This paper describes the findings in three fatal cases of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Two children developed the infection in January, 1980, in widely separated wheat-belt towns. The third child's infection, diagnosed by retrospective examination of necropsy material, developed in February, 1963, in the town where the second child lived. Infection with Naegleria fowleri was demonstrated by histological examination supplemented by specific immunofluorescence in all three cases, and by culture in the second case. For early diagnosis it is important to search for amoebae both on wet preparations and on stained films of cerebrospinal fluid when primary amoebic meningoencephalitis is suspected on epidemiological grounds of from cerebrospinal fluid findings. PMID- 7045613 TI - Statistics and medical practice. PMID- 7045614 TI - Early work on penicillin. PMID- 7045615 TI - Combination chemotherapy plus BCG in the treatment of disseminated malignant melanoma: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. AB - The Southwest Oncology Group performed a randomized study comparing combination chemotherapy alone versus combination chemotherapy plus BCG versus DTIC plus BCG in the treatment of disseminated malignant melanoma. A 31% response rate was noted with combination chemotherapy alone, a 27% response rate with combination chemotherapy plus BCG, and an 18% response rate with DTIC plus BCG. Survival was not influenced by type of therapy, but the responders had significantly longer survival than the nonresponders. There appeared to be some significant differences in response as related to age wherein those patients between the ages of 30 and 60 years had a higher response rate to combination chemotherapy as compared to DTIC plus BCG. Those patients older than 60 years of age had a higher response rate in the BCG groups. Furthermore, in those patients older than 60 years of age who responded, their duration of response was longer if they received BCG than those who did not receive BCG. It should be emphasized that those differences noted in various age groups could occur by chance alone. These differences should be studied in the future, by appropriate pretreatment stratifications. Patients with higher peripheral lymphocyte counts had significantly better response rates and those patients with higher numbers of positive delayed hypersensitivity skin tests had significantly greater survival. A significant improvement in survival was noted in patients whose PPD converted from negative to positive during therapy. PMID- 7045616 TI - Acute renal failure following intravenous pyelography (IVP) in a patient with diffuse hypergammaglobulinemia: a case report. AB - A 65-year-old woman with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia developed acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis after an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). An increased risk of renal injury after IVP for patients with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia has not been previously recognized, although a parallel risk to patients with myeloma has been well established. At autopsy, immunoperoxidase staining of the bone marrow demonstrated plasma cell subpopulations with intracellular staining for IgG, IgA, and IgM and chi and lambda light chains, proving that this patient did not have occult myeloma. Immunoperoxidase staining of casts in renal tubules also demonstrated polyclonal immunoglobulins. PMID- 7045617 TI - [Effectiveness of different modifications of the immunoenzyme method with purified Alveococcus antigens in the diagnosis of alveolar hydatid disease. 2. The micromethod on slips]. PMID- 7045618 TI - [Comparative effectiveness of an immunoenzyme reaction and the indirect hemagglutination reaction in diagnosing echinococcosis]. PMID- 7045619 TI - [Biology of Far Eastern trematodes and the epidemiology of the diseases they cause. V. Natural factors dictating the limits of the nosogeographic range of clonorchiasis in Amur River region]. PMID- 7045620 TI - [Principles of preventing the occurrence of resistance and an increase in its level in arthropods during long-term use of chemical control agents]. PMID- 7045621 TI - [Use of the latex agglutination test for the diagnosis of parasitic disease (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7045622 TI - [Influence of V. N. Beklemishev's studies in the fields of general biology, parasitology and epidemiology of communicable disease on the development of these branches of science (on the the 90th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7045623 TI - Clinical prospects for liposomes. AB - The use of liposomes has recently been the subject of considerable attention as a promising and versatile approach to drug delivery. Particularly intriguing is the possibility of targeting liposomes to specific areas of the body such as tumors or sites of inflammation or parasitic invasion for either local accumulation or release of associated drugs. This review focuses mainly on recent in vivo work having clinical potential. An extensive discussion of liposome preparation and entrapment of drugs for controlled release in vivo is also included. The stability of liposomes in biological fluids is a major problem. The mode of administration, either intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, local, oral, or respiratory, is closely related to the life of the liposomes in vivo. Following in vivo administration the lifetime of a liposome is critically dependent on its composition, size, and charge. Liposome toxicity appears to be minimal, but should be considered when administering liposomes to patients. Tissues such as the liver, spleen, and lungs, because of macrophage ingestion of liposomes, become potential sites of drug toxicity. The use of liposomes to deliver antiparasitic drugs in the treatment of malaria and leishmaniasis is promoting; so it is the use of surfactant-carrying liposomes in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature babies. Recent cancer studies utilizing liposomes both in vivo and in vitro have shown promise. In tumor-bearing animals a liposome drug delivery system has caused a regression, delayed tumor growth, and increased survival time. Although the clinical use of liposomes is only in its infancy, its potential in future therapy appears promising. PMID- 7045626 TI - [Obesity in infants]. PMID- 7045624 TI - Denitrification. PMID- 7045625 TI - The complement system: its importance in the host response to viral infection. PMID- 7045627 TI - [Fanconi's anemia. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7045628 TI - [Impotentia erigendi. Current trends of diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7045629 TI - Retrieval of Kidneys for transplantation from cadaver donors in Minnesota. PMID- 7045631 TI - Some immunological properties of antisera raised against the trisialoganglioside GT1B. PMID- 7045630 TI - Enzymes as versatile labels and signal amplifiers for monitoring immunochemical reactions. AB - Enzymes have proven to be sensitive and versatile labels for immunochemical assays. The sensitivity of an enzyme label stems from its extraordinary catalytic power which in turn provides a great amplification of signals. Its versatility, however, stems from the fact that enzyme activity can be modulated by a number of substances. Enzyme labeled immunoassays can be divided into two categories: (a) heterogeneous and (b) homogeneous (non-separation). In the heterogeneous systems, the quantitation of the antibody bound and unbound fractions requires a physical separation of these two fractions, whereas the homogeneous or non-separation systems do not require such a separation. In the homogeneous systems, the unbound and antibody bound fractions can be distinguished functionally. A total of 11 unique principles used in the development of enzyme labeled immunoassays are described. The advantages, disadvantages and limitations of them are considered, as well as the future paths for research and developments. PMID- 7045632 TI - Acinetobacter and E. coli lipopolysaccharides as polyclonal activators and the heterogeneity of normal and LPS-induced mouse immunoglobulins. PMID- 7045633 TI - [Long-term sequelae of neonatal group B streptococcal septicemia/meningitis (author's transl)]. AB - In recent years group B streptococci accounted for nearly 40% of all cases of neonatal septicemia in our intensive-care-unit. Nineteen of 38 babies did not survive the acute illness (mortality 50%). Six of 18 surviving children showed abnormalities related to the septicemia/meningitis (morbidity 33%). The severity of chronic complications ranged from minor neurological problems to marked retardation, deafness, blindness, and epilepsy. In our series there seemed to be a relation between the severity of complications during the acute illness (meningitis, convulsions), and later neurological sequelae. Early detection and early treatment were found to be most important for the final outcome. PMID- 7045634 TI - Mineral aspects of dentistry. PMID- 7045635 TI - [Demonstration of lysozyme in malignant histiocytosis by the indirect immunoperoxidase method]. PMID- 7045636 TI - [Sclerosis in follicular lymphomas]. PMID- 7045637 TI - [Suicide in Budapest in 1881-82. Comparison with current autopsy records]. PMID- 7045638 TI - Pleomorphic atypical thyroid adenoma arising in struma testis: light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunofluorescent studies. PMID- 7045639 TI - Cholecystectomy in patients above 70: review of 153 cases. PMID- 7045640 TI - Mutagenicity of pyrolysates from guanidine, ureide, secondary amines and polyamines found by the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome test. AB - Nitrogenous compounds such as guanidine, ureide, secondary amines and polyamines were pyrolysed at 300, 400, 500 and 600 degrees C for 3 min, and the mutagenic activities of the pyrolysates were assayed on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 with or without metabolic activation by S9 mix. Among 21 pyrolysates tested, 14, from methylguanidine, agmatine, dihydrouracil, dimethylamine, diethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyrrolidine, morpholine, sarcosine, piperazine, piperidine, spermine and spermidine, showed mutagenic activity. In the presence of S9 mix, the mutagenic activity began to appear from the pyrolysate at 400 degrees C, and the pyrolysate at 600 degrees C showed the highest mutagenic activity except that from methylguanidine. The mutagenic activity formed by pyrolysis was more active on TA98 than TA100. In the absence of S9 mix, only 3 pyrolysates - from dimethylamine, diethylamine and pyrrolidine showed slight mutagenic activity toward TA100. The highest mutagenic activity was observed with the pyrolysate from spermine, followed by those from piperidine, spermidine, piperazine and triethylamine. Some nitrogenous compounds showed slight mutagenic activity after pyrolysis at 300 degrees C for 20 min, although none of the compounds tested showed any mutagenic activity after pyrolysis at 300 degrees C for 3 min. PMID- 7045641 TI - Induction of mitotic gene conversion by browning reaction products and its modulation by naturally occurring agents. AB - Mitotic gene conversion in the D7 strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was significantly enhanced by exposure to non-enzymatic browning reaction products. These products were formed during the heating of sugar (caramelization reaction) or sugar-amino acid mixtures (Maillard reaction) at temperatures normally used during the cooking of food. Several modulating factors of this convertogenic activity were identified. These factors included two main groups: (1) trace metals which are widely distributed in the environment; and (2) several cellular enzymatic systems. The convertogenic activities of a heated glucose-lysine mixture and a commercial caramel powder were completely suppresses when yeast were concurrently exposed to these products and to either FeIII or CuII. Equimolar concentrations of MnII or sodium selenite had no effect on the convertogenic activity of the products of either model system. Horse-radish peroxidase, beef liver catalase and rat liver S9 preparations each decreased the frequency of gene conversion induced by the caramel powder and the heated glucose lysine products. This modulating activity of the enzymes was lost if they were heat-inactivated. These studies indicate the presence of a variety of protective mechanisms which can modify genotoxic components in complex food mixtures. PMID- 7045642 TI - Mutagenicity of diphenylhydantoin and some of its metabolites towards salmonella typhimurium strains. AB - The mutagenicities of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and its major metabolite, 5-(4 hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH) were tested in vitro using different Salmonella strains (TA1535, TA100, TA1537, TA1538, TA98). Experiments were carried out at various concentrations in the absence and in the presence of an activating system consisting of hepatic S9 fraction from control rats and from rats pretreated with phenobarbital (PB), beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), 3 methylcholanthrene (3-MC) and Aroclor 1254 (PCB). DPH slightly increased the number of revertants per plate only after incubations with TA1538 in the presence of the S9 fraction from the liver of 3-MC- and PCB-pretreated animals. A similar but more significant frameshift mutation was observed for HPPH on both TA98 and TA1538 strains and in conditions of metabolic activation by the liver microsomal fractions of rats after pretreatment with BNF, 3-MC and especially PCB. Parallel experiments on the metabolism of DPH to HPPH and of HPPH to the catechol derivative in vitro support the hypothesis of an involvement of epoxide intermediates in the mutagenic activity of DPH. PMID- 7045643 TI - Absence of mutagenic and clastogenic action of pine-tar resin in the Salmonella/microsomal and CHO culture systems. PMID- 7045644 TI - Stimulation of mutagen production in human feces by bile and bile acids. PMID- 7045645 TI - Liver-microsome S9 enzyme increase spontaneous background mutation frequency in the Ames Salmonella test system in the absence of any added mutagen. PMID- 7045646 TI - Genotoxicity of cocoa examined by microbial and mammalian systems. AB - Unroasted or roasted cocoa powder dispersed in water and applied to Chinese hamsters by stomach tube caused elevated numbers of SCEs in the sister-chromatid exchange test (bone-marrow cells). Roasted cocoa freed from fat produced distinctly higher SCE values with a linear dose-response relationship, whereas cocoa butter had no influence on SCE levels. Positive results in the SCE test (1.5-fold values of the controls) were obtained after application of about 5 g cocoa/kg b.w. Presumably, because of the smaller quantities that could be administered in this way, positive test results were not found when cocoa was given in the diet instead of being administered by stomach tube. Cocoa from which theobromine was extracted by chloroform did not affect SCE levels. Pure theobromine increased SCE levels in a dose-dependent way. Theobromine was also positive in the micronucleus test at 2 X 40 mg/animal and negative in the chromosome aberration test at 1 X 40 mg/animal. Cocoa and the theobromine were negative in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test both with and without metabolic activation. PMID- 7045647 TI - Light-enhanced genetic toxicity of crystal violet. PMID- 7045648 TI - Influence of experimental conditions and DNA repair ability on EMS-induced mutagenesis and DNA binding in Escherichia coli K12: comparison with mammalian cell mutagenesis. PMID- 7045649 TI - The chemical activation of non-mutagenic nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to mutagens. AB - Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including carcinogens, may be non mutagenic in microorganisms because bacterial nitroreductases are unable to reduce their nitro function to proximate mutagenic hydroxylamines. This reduction of the nitro moiety can be accomplished chemically in situ using zinc dust. The procedure, which is compatible with the Salmonella mutagenicity assay, was used to generate mutagens from chemicals which otherwise are non-mutagenic even in the presence of microsomal preparations. PMID- 7045650 TI - Double-blind study on the effect of cigarette smoking on the chromosomes of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vivo. AB - A double-blind study with 170 smokers and 124 non-smokers revealed a doubling of the frequencies of exchange-type aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of smokers as compared with non-smokers. Smokers (N = 24) had 1 SCE more per metaphase than non-smokers (N = 20), an effect that is significant but low when compared with the effect on structural chromosomal aberrations. These results show that structural chromosomal aberrations are better indicators of the genetical effects of low chronic exposures to mutagens in man than SCEs. The frequencies of micronuclei in 3-day lymphocyte cultures showed no differences in smokers (N = 95) and non-smokers (N = 39). Non-smokers (N = 99) had significantly higher frequencies of 2nd metaphases in 48-h cultures in vitro than smokers (N = 141), indicating an effect of smoking on the stimulation of lymphocytes by PHA in vitro. PMID- 7045651 TI - Mutations induced by X-rays and UV radiation during the nuclear cell cycle in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - The availability of a cell-division-cycle (cdc) mutant in the fission yeast S. pombe, wee 1-50, has made possible the production of a large population of G1 nuclear-stage synchronized cells. During their development, yeast cells from the G1 into the G2 nuclear stages were treated with X-rays and UV radiation at various doses. The DNA pre-replicative and replicative phases were the most sensitive to both cell lethality and mutant induction with either X-rays or UV radiation. The trends of induced biological effects that were observed suggest that the induction of mutations is dependent on the number of unrepaired DNA lesions that reach the replicating fork or of those that occur at that time. The X-ray-induced mutations were earlier saturated, possibly because of the higher number of lethal lesions so induced. PMID- 7045652 TI - Genetic activity of diethylstilbestrol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: enhancement of mutagenicity by oxidizing agents. AB - Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen, is known to cause cancer in humans and experimental animals. Although it has been established that DES can induce unscheduled DNA synthesis, sister-chromatid exchange, and cell transformation in various short-term tests, the efforts to demonstrate its mutagenic activity in bacterial and mammalian systems have largely failed. It has been shown that DES can covalently bind to DNA after being oxidized either chemically, in the presence of iodine and hydrogen peroxide, or metabolically, by mammalian cells in tissue culture and also in the presence of rat-liver microsomes. We studied genetic activity of DES in growing cultures of the strains XV185-14C and D5 of S. cerevisiae in the presence and absence of oxidizing agents, namely, iodine and hydrogen peroxide. We demonstrated that DES alone exhibits a weak mutagenic response in the strain XV185-14C. On the other hand, the treatment of cells with DES in the presence of iodine or hydrogen peroxide plus ferrous sulfate induced a large increase in the frequency of induced mutations in strain XV185-14C and mitotic recombination and gene conversion in strain D5. This enhancement in the genetic activity of DES in our test assays in the presence of chemical oxidative systems indicates that DES undergoes oxidation to produce a genetically active metabolite. PMID- 7045653 TI - A search for some common characteristics of the effects of chemical mutagens in Drosophila. PMID- 7045654 TI - A new pathway for repair of cross-linkable 8-methoxypsoralen mono-adducts in Uvr strains of Escherichia coli. AB - UvrA-deficient Escherichia coli bacteria possess a DNA repair pathway for certain photoinduced mono-adducts of 8-methoxypsoralen. Such adducts can be converted to highly lethal cross-links by a second exposure to near-UV light in the absence of 8-methoxypsoralen. If a period of incubation is allowed to intervene between the primary and cross-linking exposure, the lethal effect is considerably diminished, indicating that some of the mono-adducts become unavailable for cross-linking. A repair pathway is postulated which is pre-replicative, unaffected by chloramphenicol, acriflavine or caffeine, and inhibited at 0 degrees C. It is unaffected by a rep mutation but is blocked by a polA mutation, suggesting that it involves DNA strand breakage and at least some exonuclease action. PMID- 7045655 TI - [Comparative study of therapeutic effectiveness with tolciclate and miconazole in superficial dermatophytosis and in pityriasis versicolor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045656 TI - [An attempt to estimate the pathogenicity of yeast-like fungi based on enzymatic properties of the fungus and on a skin infection model in the white mouse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045657 TI - Laetrile. PMID- 7045658 TI - A case of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7045659 TI - A platelet-inhibitor-drug trial in coronary-artery bypass operations: benefit of perioperative dipyridamole and aspirin therapy on early postoperative vein-graft patency. AB - To prevent occlusion of aortocoronary-artery-bypass grafts, we conducted a prospective, randomized-double-blind trial comparing dipyridamole (instituted two days before operation) plus aspirin (added seven hours after operation) with placebo in 407 patients. Vein-graft angiography was performed in 360 patients (88 per cent) within six months of operation (median, eight days). Within one month of operation, 3 per cent of vein-graft distal anastomoses (10 of 351) were occluded in the treated patients, and 10 per cent (38 of 362) in the placebo group; the proportion of patients with one or more distal anastomoses occluded was 8 per cent (10 of 130) in the treated group and 21 per cent (27 of 130) in th placebo group. This benefit in graft patency persisted in each of over 50 subgroups. Early postoperative bleeding was similar in the two groups. In this trial dipyridamole and aspirin were effective in preventing graft occlusion early after operation. PMID- 7045660 TI - Current concepts in psychiatry. Panic attacks and phobias. PMID- 7045661 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 28-1982. Nodular lymphoma complicated by acute leukemia. PMID- 7045662 TI - The health-sciences information struggle: the private information industry versus the National Library of Medicine. PMID- 7045663 TI - Metoclopramide as an antiemetic in chemotherapy. PMID- 7045664 TI - Antinuclear antibody staining only centrioles in a patient with scleroderma. PMID- 7045665 TI - Bartolommeo Eustachio's De Auditus Organis and the unique murder plot in Shakespeare's Hamlet. PMID- 7045666 TI - The use of an implantable insulin pump in the treatment of type II diabetes. AB - We treated five patients with Type II diabetes by means of a subcutaneously implanted intravenous insulin pump and compared their metabolic response with that observed during conventional insulin therapy. The use of the pump improved control of glycemia, as manifested by reductions in mean plasma glucose (from 188 +/- 46 to 106 +/- 12 mg per deciliter [mean +/- S.D.]), fasting glucose (from 187 +/- 42 to 80 +/- 13 mg per deciliter), and postprandial glucose (from 287 +/- 74 to 182 +/- 29 mg per deciliter), together with a diminution of glycemic excursion and normalization of glycosylated hemoglobin A1 (from 12.1 +/- 2 to 8.0 +/- 1 per cent). At the end of the study the pumps had been in place for a mean of 7.0 months (range, 5.5 to 9.7 months) without mishap and with good patient acceptance. Our data suggest that improved blood glucose control can be achieved by means of a permanently implanted continuous insulin-infusion device in ambulatory patients with Type II diabetes who require insulin, and that the need for daily insulin injections can thereby be eliminated. PMID- 7045667 TI - The preoperative treatment of severely anemic patients with a perfluorochemical oxygen-transport fluid, Fluosol-DA. AB - We gave a perfluorochemical oxygen-transport fluid and plasma expander, Fluosol DA, to seven severely anemic patients before surgery to determine its effectiveness in supplementing oxygen transport. The dose of Fluosol in the five patients completing the study was 20 ml per kilogram of body weight. When the patients breathed low levels of supplemental oxygen (mean partial pressure of arterial oxygen +/- S.D., 101 +/- 25 torr), the perfluorochemical carried a small amount of oxygen, but when they received pure oxygen (arterial oxygen pressure, 361 +/- 65 torr) it carried approximately 0.8 per cent of oxygen (by volume). This increase accounted for 7 +/- 3 per cent of the patients' arterial oxygen content and 24 +/- 7 per cent of their oxygen consumption. The cardiac index and left ventricular stroke-work index decreased, whereas the oxygen delivery increased, although these changes were not statistically significant. Significant changes included a 22 per cent increase in oxygen consumption, a 59 per cent increase in mixed venous oxygen tension, and an increase in mixed venous hemoglobin saturation to 90 +/- 6 per cent. We conclude that at ambient oxygen tensions fluosol acts primarily as a volume expander, whereas at higher tensions (greater than 300 torr) it contributes substantially to the oxygen-delivery system. PMID- 7045668 TI - Rate-controlled drug delivery. PMID- 7045669 TI - Sounding board. Should mild hypertension be treated? PMID- 7045670 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 31-1982. A 50-year-old woman with an acute neurologic disorder and changing CT-scan findings. PMID- 7045671 TI - Ben Castleman--champion of the CPC. PMID- 7045672 TI - Prevention and therapy of graft-versus-host disease. PMID- 7045673 TI - Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia: the relation to primary parathyroid hyperplasia. PMID- 7045674 TI - Health Policy Report. The future of HMOs. PMID- 7045675 TI - Genetic regulation of resistance to intracellular pathogens. PMID- 7045676 TI - Are the Lsh and Ity disease resistance genes at one locus on mouse chromosome 1? PMID- 7045677 TI - GM cancer prizes: rules to be bent. PMID- 7045678 TI - The relationships of Sivapithecus and Ramapithecus and the evolution of the orang utan. AB - We review here the molecular data that bear on and provide a framework for interpreting hominoid relationships. Man is shown to be most closely related to chimpanzees and gorillas among extant hominoids, with the orang-utan more distantly related to them and the gibbons more distantly still. A fossil ape, Sivapithecus meteai, shares several characters with the orang-utan and is thus probably related to it. S. meteai is part of the Middle Miocene Sivapithecus Ramapithecus species complex, and if this group forms a valid clade then Ramapithecus must also be considered as being more closely related to the orang utan than to man. The date of divergence of the orang-utan from the African apes and man is suggested by fossil and molecular evidence to be 10 +/- 3 Myr ago. PMID- 7045679 TI - B-cell subpopulations identified by two-colour fluorescence analysis. PMID- 7045680 TI - Target antigens of purified human immunoglobulins which inhibit growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. PMID- 7045681 TI - Specificity of UV mutagenesis in the lac promoter of M13lac hybrid phage DNA. PMID- 7045682 TI - Molecular characterization of two myosin heavy chain genes expressed in the adult heart. PMID- 7045683 TI - Spherical E. coli due to elevated levels of D-alanine carboxypeptidase. PMID- 7045684 TI - Protection against foot-and-mouth disease by immunization with a chemically synthesized peptide predicted from the viral nucleotide sequence. PMID- 7045685 TI - Transcript secondary structures regulate transcription termination at the attenuator of S. marcescens tryptophan operon. AB - We have analysed the regulatory behaviour of deletion mutants lacking different segments of the leader region of the tryptophan operon of Serratia marcescens. Our results support the model in which a particular RNA structure, the terminator, is recognized during transcription as a transcription termination signal, and an alternative RNA structure, the anti-terminator, prevents formation of the terminator. It appears that the role of translation, ribosome stalling and shifts between alternative RNA secondary structures, is simply to regulate formation of the terminator. PMID- 7045686 TI - Inverted repeats surround the ribitol-arabitol genes of E. coli C. PMID- 7045688 TI - Inducible responses to DNA damage. PMID- 7045687 TI - Too many drugs? PMID- 7045689 TI - A covalent adduct between the uracil ring and the active site of an aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. AB - A covalent adduct of an aminoacyl tRNA synthetase and uracil nucleoside has been isolated. The enzyme adduct is catalytically inactive; one nucleoside is bound per catalytic site. The release of uridine restores enzyme activity. The nucleoside attaches to a protein segment required for tRNA interaction. The findings add support to concepts of a covalent component for some protein-nucleic acid complexes. PMID- 7045690 TI - Autoantibodies in newly diagnosed diabetic children immunoprecipitate human pancreatic islet cell proteins. PMID- 7045691 TI - De novo DNA synthesis by a novel mouse DNA polymerase associated with primase activity. PMID- 7045692 TI - UV-induced mutation hotspots occur at DNA damage hotspots. PMID- 7045693 TI - Is the marrow stroma transplantable? PMID- 7045694 TI - Differential expression of neurofilament triplet proteins in brain development. AB - Axonal transport studies and biochemical fractionation have led to the concept that the three 'triplet' proteins [approximate molecular weights 200,000 (200K), 145,000 (145K) and 68,000 (68K)] are the essential components of mammalian neurofilaments. Using a correlated biochemical and immunological approach, we have now shown that the 200K protein is under separate developmental control during rat brain differentiation and that the time of its expression differs in different regions. We were unable to detect 200K protein by immunofluorescence or in total brain filament preparations from prenatal rat brain, although the 145K and 68K proteins are both present in an apparently identical distribution. During development, progressively more 145K- and 68K-positive neurofilamentous bundles can be stained with 200K antibodies, paralleling the increasing quantities of this protein detected biochemically in brain filament preparations. We conclude that 200K protein probably has a more specialized role in neurofilament architecture and function than the other two triplet proteins. PMID- 7045695 TI - Redistribution of intermediate filaments during capping of lymphocyte surface molecules. AB - Intermediate filaments (IF) constitute a major cytoplasmic filamentous network of higher eukaryotic cells that is distinct from actin and myosin microfilaments or microtubules. Although structurally similar, these filaments are formed by chemically and antigenically different proteins. Vimentin is the major IF polypeptide of mesenchymal cells and cultured non-mesenchymal cell lines. Recently, we have characterized a monoclonal IgM antibody from a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia which is directed against vimentin. Using this monoclonal antibody, we have shown by direct immunofluorescence that intermediate filaments of human B and T lymphocytes consist of vimentin. In cells exposed to colcemid, the intermediate filaments retracted into a juxtanuclear aggregate ('coli') characteristic of vimentin filaments. As most components of the cytoskeleton, especially actin and myosin, have been implicated in the capping phenomenon, we investigated the effect of capping of either beta 2-microglobulin or membrane immunoglobulins on the organization of the intermediate filament network. We report that capping of these surface molecules induced the redistribution of vimentin just beneath the cap. When colcemid-treated cells were allowed to cap, the location of the cap always coincided with the coil, suggesting that the anchorage point of intermediate filaments is situated within the uropod. PMID- 7045696 TI - Fetal myosin heavy chains in regenerating muscle. AB - There are several lines of evidence for the existence of a distinct class of myosins in developing muscle. Using various biochemical and immunological approaches, Whalen et al. recently suggested that two myosin heavy chain isozymes appear sequentially in rat muscle development, preceding the definitive adult myosins. It is unknown whether these myosins are present only in developing fast muscles or whether they also occur in developing slow muscles. Pyrophosphate of gel electrophoresis studies have suggested that fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles synthesize the same fetal myosin isozymes early in development. Immunocytochemical studies with antibodies directed against adult fast and slow myosins show differences in myosin composition between fetal muscle fibres but interpretation of these findings is complicated by cross-reactions of these antibodies with fetal isomyosins. We have used a more direct immunocytochemical approach to identify the myosin types present in developing muscle fibres. An antibody specific for bovine fetal myosin and cross-reactive with rat fetal myosin has been prepared. We report here that the fetal myosin heavy chains recognized by this antibody show a heterogeneous fibre distribution in fetal and neonatal rat muscle, disappear progressively during postnatal development and are transiently expressed in regenerating muscle. PMID- 7045697 TI - Structure and variation of human alpha 1-antitrypsin. AB - The sequence of alpha 1-antitrypsin is in keeping with its role as a tissue scavenger of leukocyte elastase. Two abnormal variants commonly present in Europeans cause a deficiency that predisposes them to a progressive loss of lung elasticity. The nature of the reactive centre helps explain why cigarette smoking greatly accelerates the onset and severity of this degenerative process to give the disease emphysema. PMID- 7045698 TI - Synthesis and assembly of hepatitis B virus surface antigen particles in yeast. AB - The surface antigens of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) has been synthesized in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using an expression vector that employs the 5' flanking region of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase I as a promotor to transcribe surface antigen coding sequences. The protein synthesized in yeast is assembled into particles having properties similar to the 22-nm particles secreted by human cells. PMID- 7045699 TI - A bifunctional gene product involved in two phases of the yeast cell cycle. AB - The cell cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is divided into two distinct phases. Unbudded, mononucleate cells in the G1 phase can react to relevant environmental changes by mating, sporulating, or by entering stationary phase. DNA synthesis and bud initiation occur almost simultaneously and mark 'commitment' to the completion of mitosis. Temperature-sensitive mutations at the cdc28 locus are known to cause arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle at the restrictive temperature. Here we show that the cdc28 gene product is also active in post-G1 cell cycle functions, and that a different property of the gene product may be required for each phase of the cycle in which it acts. PMID- 7045700 TI - Brain grafts reverse hypogonadism of gonadotropin releasing hormone deficiency. AB - Hypogonadism in the mutant hpg mouse is characterized by a deficiency of hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). Affected male mice exhibit immature reproductive organs, small abdominal testes and low pituitary and plasma gonadotropin concentrations. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of fetal brain transplants to establish functional connections with host tissues. We therefore sought to use this approach to correct the hpg deficit. Fetal preoptic area (POA) (a site of GnRH production) from unaffected animals of the hpg strain was transplanted into the anterior third ventricle of adult hpg mice. We report that in such implanted animals, killed 2 months post-implantation, the POA grafts contained GnRH neurones, from which GnRH-positive fibres could be traced to capillaries of the median eminence. Hypothalamic GnRH and pituitary and plasma gonadotropin concentrations were increased compared with levels in untreated (hpg) animals. The testes were enlarged and had descended into the scrotum. Evidence of full spermatogenesis and interstitial cell development was present in testicular sections. No such effects were seen with transplants of cortical tissue. PMID- 7045701 TI - [The meetings of German naturalists and physicians--medals report]. PMID- 7045702 TI - A negative blood-clotting factor lining the vessels. PMID- 7045703 TI - [Boerhaave and his contemporaries, and the significance of their height (a physical anthropologic study of individuals buried in the Pierterskerk in Leiden)]. PMID- 7045704 TI - Genetics and medical emergencies: an interesting patient. PMID- 7045705 TI - [The non-parallel horizontal pin splinting technique]. PMID- 7045706 TI - Results of kidney transplantations in Nijmegen (1968-1981). PMID- 7045707 TI - Mortality in renal allograft recipients. A single centre analysis. PMID- 7045708 TI - A retrospective analysis of hospital haemodialysis and kidney transplantation costs in The Netherlands. PMID- 7045709 TI - Ultrastructural glomerular loop abnormalities in IgA nephritis. PMID- 7045710 TI - Porphyrins in renal transplantation. AB - The porphyrin status of 38 renal transplant patients was investigated using a sensitive thin-layer chromatographic assay. Abnormalities of porphyrin synthesis observed in patients on hemodialysis were generally reversed on receipt of a transplant with sustained good renal function. Urinary coproporphyrin levels and the creatinine clearance appeared directly related in both individual cases and generally, substantiating the theory that coproporphyrin is of renal origin. The pre- and postoperative porphyrin status of a unique patient with variegate porphyria who received a successful renal transplant implies that the excess urinary porphyrins and precursors excreted in the acute porphyrias are also of mainly renal, as opposed to hepatic origin. Furthermore, the posttransplant overproduction of porphyrins by a kidney from a normal donor suggests the existence of an endogenous porphyrogenic agent in the circulation of patients with acute porphyria. PMID- 7045711 TI - Isolated hypoaldosteronism with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and renal amyloidosis. PMID- 7045712 TI - Renal transplant: a case study. PMID- 7045713 TI - [Preliminary note on renal grafts by J. Hamburger. Journal d'urologie 1947]. PMID- 7045714 TI - [Transplantation of pediatric kidneys into adult patients (author's transl)]. AB - Fourteen adult patients were transplanted with a single pediatric kidney and were followed for 26 days to 9 years. Donor ages ranged from 22 months to 10 years, recipient ages from 15 to 47 years. Ten transplants functioned for more than one year. Three kidneys were rejected after 26 days, 3 months and 18 months. Three patients died 2, 6 and 13 months after transplantation from aspergillosis, cytomegalovirus infection and salmonellosis. Eight kidney grafts are currently functioning 2 to 9 years after transplantation. Serum creatinin levels range between 0.9 and 1.1 mg/dl in 7 patients. One woman with chronic rejection has a serum creatinin level of 2.5 mg/dl. A single pediatric kidney is able to sustain a satisfactory renal function in an adult recipient. PMID- 7045715 TI - [Immunopathology of lipoid nephrosis]. PMID- 7045716 TI - [Chromosomal anomaly and mental deficiency. Study of one case of a ringed chromosome 15 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045717 TI - A new modification of impregnation technique for the intramural nervous apparatus. PMID- 7045718 TI - The continuing undersupply of neurologists in the 1980s: impressions based on data from three studies. AB - Current unmet needs for neurologists were estimated on the basis of a survey of the directors of all academic neurology programs in the United States and Puerto Rico, by a study of the state of Indiana, and a review of potential needs by the Veterans Administration Hospitals. The number of neurologists in 1990 were predicted from residency positions filled, the membership of the American Academy of Neurology, and the AMA Master File. From these analyses, the author concludes that a shortage of from 1,214 to 5,418 neurologists may exist in 1990. PMID- 7045719 TI - Classics in neurology. The oldest printed text on hemispheric specialization. PMID- 7045720 TI - [Ambulatory monitoring of arterial pressure. Our experience and review]. PMID- 7045721 TI - [Relations between renin activity and vascular complications of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7045722 TI - [Current methods of preparation of the large intestine for resection operations and methods of monolayer suturing]. PMID- 7045723 TI - [Monolayer suturing in surgery of the digestive tract]. PMID- 7045724 TI - [Microsurgical technics in renal transplantation]. PMID- 7045725 TI - [Resection-anastomosis with the EEA stapler for treatment of esophageal varices. Indications, technic and postoperative evaluation]. PMID- 7045726 TI - [Experience and results in low colo-rectal mechanical anastomosis in surgery of cancer of the rectum]. PMID- 7045727 TI - [Current treatment of skin melanomas]. PMID- 7045728 TI - [Complications after closure of temporary colostomy. Causes and prevention]. PMID- 7045729 TI - [Short-term prevention of surgical infections with antibiotics. Preliminary results of a controlled clinical experimentation]. PMID- 7045730 TI - [Pulmonary sequestration. Case reports]. PMID- 7045731 TI - [Alcohol metabolism]. PMID- 7045732 TI - [Comparison between hypnosis, autogenic training and respiratory autogenic training]. PMID- 7045733 TI - [Hypnosis and individual psychology]. PMID- 7045734 TI - [Early roots of health reform]. PMID- 7045735 TI - [Use of a new synthetic prostaglandin (sulprostone) in various obstetrical conditions]. PMID- 7045736 TI - Localization of neuronal histamine in rat brain. AB - Antisera to histamine were generated by immunization of albino guinea pigs with a complex of histamine and methylated-bovine serum albumin. Characterization of the antisera and preliminary mapping of histaminergic neurons were conducted on brain tissue from normal and experimentally manipulated rats. Using immunofluorescence, histamine-like immunoreactive cell bodies were revealed in the lateral hypothalamus, and fibers were stained in the hypothalamus, cortex, amygdala and hippocampus. PMID- 7045737 TI - Typhoid fever, the typhus-like disease. Historical peerspective. PMID- 7045738 TI - Lung transplantation. Present status. PMID- 7045739 TI - Role of HLA DR in renal transplantation. PMID- 7045740 TI - Concurrent care. Guidelines and Medicare regulations. PMID- 7045741 TI - Trial of Daniel M'Naghten. Insanity defense, and its well-kept secret. PMID- 7045742 TI - Remarks on the gunshot wounds of the Civil War by Robert F. Weir. New York State Journal of Medicine April, 1904. PMID- 7045743 TI - A report on the quality of ambulance service as observed in 1862 by S.L. Abbot, Francis Minot. Transactions of the New York State Medical Society, 1863. PMID- 7045744 TI - A verdict against laetrile. PMID- 7045745 TI - A follow-up report and double blind comparative study of amoxapine and imipramine for the treatment of depressive inpatients. PMID- 7045746 TI - Cefaclor v amoxycillin in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. PMID- 7045747 TI - An outbreak of gastroenteritis due to enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, which are also enterotoxigenic. AB - Details are presented of the first documented outbreak of gastroenteritis in New Zealand due to an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. This is also the first report of strains of the enteropathogenic serogroup 0126 producing the heat stable enterotoxin. The additional isolation of E. coli 055 producing the heat labile enterotoxin from one of the patients is the first report of an E. coli of this 0 group being enterotoxigenic. PMID- 7045748 TI - Alcohol use in New Zealand: a review from a biopsychosocial perspective. PMID- 7045749 TI - Bonding--factors in technique which influence clinical success. PMID- 7045750 TI - Composite bonding for the clinician. PMID- 7045751 TI - As esthetic, enamel-bonded fixed prosthetic splint in rehabilitation. PMID- 7045752 TI - Use of an etched metal resin-bonded retainer in a patient with partial anodontia. PMID- 7045753 TI - Salmonella bredeney mastitis during pregnancy. AB - A young woman developed mastitis due to Salmonella bredeney during the 25th week of her first pregnancy and recovered with ampicillin therapy. Unusual microorganisms occasionally cause breast disease. Material for Gram stain, cultures, and susceptibility studies should be obtained before treatment in all cases. PMID- 7045754 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis for abdominal hysterectomy. AB - Ninety-one patients were enrolled in a prospective randomized double-blind study evaluating the efficacy of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing the incidence of operative site infection after abdominal hysterectomy. Forty-five patients received a 2-dose course of cefoxitin; 46 patients received a placebo. Although patients in the antibiotic group had a lower fever index, there were no statistically significant differences between groups with respect to incidence of pelvic cellulitis, urinary tract infection, wound infection, need for therapeutic antibiotics, or duration of hospitalization. It is concluded that, in this patient population, the theoretic risks of widespread use of systemic antibiotics for prophylaxis outweigh the observed benefits. PMID- 7045755 TI - Continuing investigation of women at high risk for infection following cesarean delivery. Three-dose perioperative antimicrobial therapy. AB - At Parkland Memorial Hospital a group of women at high risk for infection following cesarean delivery was identified. These included nulliparas who underwent cesarean section for cephalopelvic disproportion 6 or more hours following membrane rupture. During the puerperium, uterine infection developed in 85 to 95% of such women, and one third of this high-risk group had associated complications. The authors have previously reported the efficacy antimicrobial agents given to these women at the time of cesarean section and continued for 4 days. The present prospective study was designed to assess the efficacy of a shorter course of perioperative antimicrobial therapy for these high-risk women. Three doses of antimicrobial agents were given perioperatively to 305 women randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment regimens: 115 were given penicillin plus gentamicin, 82 received 2, 1, and 1 g of cefamandole, respectively, and the remaining 108 were given 2, 2, and 2 g of cefamandole, respectively. The incidence of uterine infection in these 305 women was 24% and associated complications were identified in 7% of all women. Based upon a comparison of results with the progenitor study, the authors conclude that 3-dose perioperative antimicrobial therapy is preferred to 4 days of treatment for women at high risk for infection following cesarean delivery. PMID- 7045756 TI - The media tamer. PMID- 7045757 TI - Improvement in the immunological methods for the detection of human breast carcinomas. AB - A review is presented of the present situation regarding the use of various tumour-derived and tumour-associated changes in patients with breast carcinomas. The diagnosing and monitoring of breast carcinoma by the use of its presently recognized products is far from ideal. Some of the products, however, are of some value in assessing prognosis. A continued search for other products specific and functionally essential to breast cells appears to be worthwhile and timely. PMID- 7045758 TI - Experience with dermis-fat grafting: an analysis of early postoperative complications and methods of prevention. AB - During the past 18 months at Wills Eye Hospital we have performed autogenous dermis-fat grafts to anophthalmic orbits in 16 patients. Six early postoperative complications of dermis-fat grafting are presented and discussed, as are the modifications of surgical technique that we feel may minimize early postoperative complications. PMID- 7045759 TI - Evaluation of sources of variation on the accuracy and reproducibility of microkeratome sections with the modified artificial anterior chamber. AB - A study was carried out to evaluate effects of various sources of variation on the accuracy and reproducibility of the modified artificial chamber in obtaining lamellar sections from rabbit cornea. Sources of variation included a) measurement error, inter-cornea and inter-session variation, b) length of storage time M-K medium, and c) choice of preselected values of thickness and diameter. The findings indicated tha a) measurement error, inter-cornea, and inter-session variations were of nominal magnitude; b) the length of storage time up to 10 days did not effect the precision of the procedure; c) the precision of diameter determinations did not depend on the preselected value of the diameter; d) the precision of thickness determinations did depend on preselected parameter values; and e) parameter values tended to be underestimated. Regression equations therefore are provided to adjust for the underestimation of thickness and diameter. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the modified artificial anterior chamber is adequate for use in experimental refractive keratoplasty since it provides adequate diamter values and is reproducible. PMID- 7045760 TI - Tips on irritations and aspirations in ophthalmology. PMID- 7045761 TI - Bacterial contamination of donor corneas stored in McCarey-Kaufman medium. AB - A new method is presented for culturing eye bank corneas stored in McCarey Kaufman (M-K) medium. Of 30 donor corneoscleral rims, each was cultured in three ways: a swab on the M-K medium, a swab of the cut edge, and by culture of a 0.2 micron filter through which an aliquot of solution had been passed and washed of any antibiotic. We found a much higher rate of positive cultures using the latter method than has previously been reported in the literature. PMID- 7045762 TI - Combined macroscopic, light microscopic, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic investigation of the vitreous body. I. An improved celloidin embedding method for histologic, SEM and TEM preparation of the vitreous body. PMID- 7045763 TI - Biosynthesis of crystallin by rabbit lens fiber cells. II. Effect of culture medium. AB - Freshly isolated lenses incubated in either M-199 alone or supplemented with serum or insulin were measured for alpha- and gamma-crystallin synthesis. It was found that synthesis of these crystallins were not altered by addition of either serum of insulin in the culture medium. The alpha-crystallin synthesis showed decreased synthetic activity after 1 day of culture, whereas gamma-crystallin synthesis maintained a comparatively similar rate of synthesis for 2 days. PMID- 7045764 TI - The effects of oversize donor buttons on postoperative intraocular pressure and corneal curvature in aphakic penetrating keratoplasty. AB - Forty-one consecutive aphakic corneal transplants performed by the same surgeon were studied in order to determine the effects on intraocular pressure and corneal curvature of using 8.0-mm donor buttons in 7.5-mm recipient openings. One half of the grafts had oversize donor buttons, and all were followed for 13 months. The intraocular pressure in the oversize donor group was statistically significantly less during the first five days after keratoplasty, but not subsequently. Eliminating eyes with preoperative glaucoma, more transplants in the same size donor group (P = 0.08) needed glaucoma therapy 13 months after operation. The anterior corneal curvature (mean keratometry reading) was statistically significantly greater in the oversize donor group throughout the postoperative period. Concurrently, the oversize donor group was less hyperopic after all sutures were removed. There was no difference in keratometric astigmatism or corneal thickness between the two groups. Thus, the use of 0.5-mm oversize donor tissue in aphakic corneal transplants reduced the intraocular pressure and increased the central corneal curvature after keratoplasty. PMID- 7045765 TI - Algernon Beverly Reese, MD, 1896-1981. PMID- 7045766 TI - [Procedure in the treatment of suppuration after hip joint prosthesis]. PMID- 7045767 TI - [Circulating immunocomplexes and cryoprecipitates in IgA glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7045768 TI - [The 1st orthopedic hospital in Hungary]. PMID- 7045769 TI - [Chapters from the history of therapeutics in Debrecen]. PMID- 7045770 TI - [High blood pressure from the psychological viewpoint]. PMID- 7045771 TI - [Effect of the strain characteristics of the causative agents of helminthiases on the course of infestation]. PMID- 7045772 TI - [A case of pulmonary mycobacteriosis due to Mycobacterium intracellulare (author's transl)]. AB - An M. intracellulare, rough strain (serotype 7) has been isolated from sputum of a sixty-year old patients. This patient was a political prisoner in Germany between 1942-1945 and had contracted pulmonary tuberculosis with the cavity in the upper lobe of the right lung. A strain of mycobacterium susceptible to antituberculous drugs was isolated from his sputum in 1973. Since 1979, the isolation of M. Intracellulare has been accompanied by clinical signs of pulmonary mycobacteriosis, i.e. persistence of the cavity in spite of antituberculous treatments reapparition of cough with sputum, general weakness. Intradermo-reaction with specific sensitin gives a strong positive reaction, contrasting with a weak reaction with PPD tuberculin. As the antibiogram of the strain shows a susceptibility to cotrimoxazole and erythromycin, the patient underwent a therapy with the combination sulfamethaxozale-trimethoprime and erythromycin, for 4 months. At the end of this treatment, he seems to have recovered completely. The radiological aspect of the lungs remains unchanged. Although the source of contamination remains unknown, one thinks on the basis of bibliographica data, that it can be found in human beings, or seldom in animals (a pig, a bird) or in nature (a pond). PMID- 7045773 TI - [Lathyrism and collagens I and III (author's transl)]. AB - The administration of lathyrogenetic agents (BAPN) at weak and prolonged doses (9 weeks, 1 g/kg/day) induced in the rat simultaneous alterations of aortic and cutaneous connective tissues comparable to the modifications observed during ageing in man. The lathyrogens produced this effect by inhibiting lysine-oxydase, the enzyme responsible for cross-linking collagen and elastin which leads to an increase in extractable collagen in the tissues. But BAPN did not appear to affect synthesis of collagen either in amount or in types I and III collagen ratio. PMID- 7045774 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of adaptation of cells to low levels of carcinogenic agents (author's transl)]. AB - Alkylating agents are powerful carcinogens and mutagens. Recently an inducible process has been described which is capable of repairing the mutagenic lesions produced in the DNA by these agents. This process is known as "adaptation". We describe here some results from in vivo and in vitro studies of the molecular mechanism of this process of Escherichia coli. Furthermore, these results will be compared with those obtained from similar studies conducted in eukaryotes. PMID- 7045775 TI - [The influence of indomethacin and possible role of prostaglandin on renal calcium excretion (author's transl)]. AB - Our aim was to evaluate the possible role of prostaglandins (PG) on renal calcium excretion in humans through the PG inhibitory effects of indomethacin. Renal calcium excretion was evaluated by a technique of impulse analysis which gives a specific index of tubular calcium transport. Several parameters were derived from this specific transport function W(t): 1) the fractional excretion of filtered calcium as % of total dose (FECa % TD); 2) the peak excretion rate; 3) the mean transit time (MTT, min). The aforementioned parameters were determined in 7 healthy subjects in basal conditions and again after 10 days of treatment with 100 mg indomethacin daily. FECa was significantly (P less than 0.02) higher with indomethacin (8.18 +/- 0.97) than under basal conditions : (5.02 +/- 0.57). The peak excretion rate and MTT remained unchanged after indomethacin. These results indicate that indomethacin increases renal calcium excretion. As indomethacin did not produce any significant change in glomerular filtration rate (125 +/- 7 ml/min before v.s. 129 +/- 9 after) one can assume that PG play a role in tubular calcium reabsorption. However the mechanism remains to be elucidated : direct action of mediated through the cyclic AMP system. PMID- 7045776 TI - [Skin flora of the hands, elbow-hollow and fore-arm (author's transl)]. AB - During five years, the values of the skin flora of the hands, fore-arm and elbow hollow were studied on volunteers, especially five of them. Samples were taken according to the washing method. Results show important quantitative variations of the flora between the different volunteers and even for a same volunteer. In the five long term followed subjects, the differences were 2,17 log 10 for aerobic flora and 1,97 log 10 for aero-anaerobic flora of the hands, 3,90 log 10 for aerobic flora and 3,88 log 10 for aero-anaerobic flora of the fore-arm 2,95 log 10 for aerobic flora and 3,35 log 10 for aero-anaerobic flora of the elbow hollow. These variations remained independent of the season. According to these variations, already notified by others authors it is suggested first to standardize sampling and bacteriological methods, second to develop multicentric programs in view to increase that number of subjects to be included in the study. PMID- 7045777 TI - [The enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) method applied for human toxoplasmosis diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - The enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) was applied for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in man. Examination of different parameters showed that for the same optic density, the concentration of the antigen varies directly with the serum dilution is a linear pattern. Two hundred and thirty eight serum samples were examined by the direct agglutination test, the indirect fluorescent antibody technique and the ELISA method. The ELISA was found to be more sensitive than the other two. Eighty sera were titrated by using the macro method in tubes and the micro method in plates. The latter procedure was more sensitive and showed better discrimination between low and high positives. PMID- 7045778 TI - [In vitro study of the susceptibility of mycobacteria to sulfonamides by the disc and percentage methods (author's transl)]. AB - Disc method is used as a preliminary qualitative test, in order to check the mycobacterial susceptibility to sulfadiazine and cotrimoxazole, while the percentage method gives a quantitative antibiogram in testing with precision the microbial susceptibility to sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxydiazine, sulfadimethoxine and cotrimoxazole. Both methods are performed in tube, on Lowenstein-Jensen medium. The mycobacteria tested include 114 strains representing 10 species. The results show that sulfonamides and cotrimoxazole exert an inhibitory power which can vary according to the species : it is excellent for M. fortuitum, M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. scrofulaceum, M. szulgai and M. xenopi, weaker for M. ulcerans, mediocre for M. avium and M. tuberculosis, non existent for M. bovis. The percentage method shows that the MIC is less with cotrimoxazole and sulfamethoxazole than with other sulfonamides. Within the same species as M. avium, there are marked differences of bacterial susceptibility to these antibacillaries, according to the strains. PMID- 7045779 TI - [Effects of arginine aspartate when administered orally, upon nitrogen balance of the rabbit, normal or treated by glucocorticoids (author's transl)]. AB - A nitrogen balance study is performed upon young male rabbit, non treated or treated with glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone : 15 mg a day for 18 days). Arginine aspartate, when administered daily "per os" at fast, 1 500 mg/kg for 4 days, increases strongly nitrogen retention, in non treated rabbit (p less than 0,01). During the last four days of the glucocorticoids treatment, the product (1 500 mg/kg a day) corrects the decrease (p less than 0,01) of nitrogen balance induced by hydrocortisone. Nitrogen retention appears to be more important (p less than 0,01) than the one induced by hydrocortisone alone, and returns to the non treated rabbit value. Arginine aspartate oral administration can provoke, by the way of stimulation of endogenous growth hormone secretion, a protein anticatabolic effect. PMID- 7045780 TI - [Comparative study between two methods of total and specific IgE assays : radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzymoimmunoassay (EIA) (author's transl)]. AB - This study shows : concerning total IgE : a good correlation between the results (r = 0,98) and a regression line EIA = f(RIA), y = 0,98 X + 11; concerning specific IgE, most of the dissociations found seemed to be related only to the semi-quantitative definition of classes. Thus it seems that the assay of total as well as specific IgE may be done in good conditions by both methods. PMID- 7045781 TI - [Peroxisomes and hypolipidemic agents (author's transl)]. AB - Peroxisomes (microbodies) have been localized in the cytoplasm of various cells, mainly the hepatocytes and the renal tubular cells. Various enzymes were found in the granular matrix and sometimes in the nucleus ; they were involved in the production and the degradation of hydrogen peroxide, in regulation of the energetic processes of the cell, and in the oxidation of fatty acids. Several xenobiotics and drugs such as hypolipidemic agents clofibrate-like, have induced in rodents a proliferation of peroxisomes and frequently, the appearance of malignant tumors, in men, the precise role of peroxisomes in the physiology of the cell, their link with the hypolipidemic action of some drugs and the development of cancer remain to be established. PMID- 7045782 TI - [Prevision of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity (author's transl)]. AB - Mechanism of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity is yet unclear. Reduction of 20 p. cent of glomerular filtration initial value is observed in 10 p. cent of cases. Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity appears to be related to high doses, to duration of treatment and also to individual factors such as age and preexisting renal impairment. No mean of predicting aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity without any error is available. Meanwhile, accurate measurement of glomerular filtration and of beta 2-microglobulin urinary elimination seems clinically more useful for detection of impaired renal function than uneasy measurement of urinary enzyme excretion and than monitoring the aminoglycosides serum concentrations. PMID- 7045783 TI - [Analysis of bilirubin binding by erythrocytes. Study of kernicterus risk (author's transl)]. AB - 351 analysis of bilirubin binding by erythrocytes (BE) and of non conjugated bilirubin (NCB) are realised. 331 analysis. 15 analysis have an increasing of the value : 6 with NCB and BE high with EST ; 3 with NCB high and BE normal with EST ; 6 with NCB high and BE normal without EST and any complication. PMID- 7045784 TI - [Effect of prostacyclin on blood circulatory indices in the rat]. PMID- 7045785 TI - [Protection of the islet apparatus in experimental alloxan diabetes]. PMID- 7045786 TI - [Polyetiology and cause-effect relationships]. PMID- 7045787 TI - [Ultrastructural elements of the intracellular order]. PMID- 7045788 TI - [Simple method for the spatial demonstration of the peripheral blood vessel network in the tissues]. PMID- 7045789 TI - Distribution of intercellular, intracytoplasmic and surface immunoglobulins in type B non-Hodgkin lymphoma: employment of indirect immunofluorescence in the detection of immunomorphological features. PMID- 7045790 TI - [On sudden death of adults. Study of 1901 autopsy cases in Turin (1949-1978)]. PMID- 7045791 TI - [Automation of the protocols of autopsy and of anatomical diagnoses: solutions and proposals]. PMID- 7045792 TI - New clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of vesicular bullous disorders in infancy and childhood. PMID- 7045793 TI - Recognition of dental caries. PMID- 7045794 TI - Recognition of periodontal disease in children. PMID- 7045795 TI - Development of occlusion and malocclusion. PMID- 7045796 TI - Craniofacial growth and the dentition. PMID- 7045797 TI - Oral habits: considerations in management. PMID- 7045798 TI - The orofacial structures and their association with congenital abnormalities. PMID- 7045799 TI - Common oral lesions and oral manifestations of systemic illnesses and therapies. PMID- 7045800 TI - Maintaining oral health. PMID- 7045801 TI - Fluoride therapy for the pediatric patient. PMID- 7045802 TI - Common oral and dental emergencies and problems. PMID- 7045803 TI - Insulin allergy in a 19-month-old boy with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7045804 TI - Violaceous cellulitis. PMID- 7045806 TI - Baccalaureate programs accredited for public health nursing preparation 1982 1983. PMID- 7045805 TI - [Principles of modern treatment methods in primary and secondary pyelonephritis in children]. PMID- 7045807 TI - Selected bibliography on associate degree nursing education, 1975-1981, with annotations. PMID- 7045808 TI - Binding of rat ribosomal proteins to yeast 5.8S ribosomal ribonucleic acid. AB - 5.8 S RNA-protein complexes were prepared using purified yeast 5.8 S RNA and proteins from the large ribosomal subunit of rat liver. Formation of such hybrid complexes, as measured by Millipore filtration, was dependent on protein concentration. Binding of proteins to the RNA could approach saturation. Such complexes were isolated from sucrose density gradient centrifugation and shown to contain proteins L6, L8, L19, L35 and L35a. These proteins were identified by their molecular weights on polyacrylamide gels containing dodecylsulfate and their mobilities on two dimensional polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 7045809 TI - Laser crosslinking of E. coli RNA polymerase and T7 DNA. AB - The first photochemical crosslinking of a protein to a nucleic acid using laser excitation is reported. A single, 120 mJ, 20 ns pulse at 248 nm crosslinks about 10% of bound E. coli RNA polymerase to T7 DNA under the conditions studied. The crosslinking yield depends on mercaptoethanol concentration, and is a linear function of laser intensity. The protein subunits crosslinked to DNA are beta, beta' and sigma. PMID- 7045810 TI - Carbodiimide modification analysis of aminoacylated yeast phenylalanine tRNA: evidence for change in the apex region. AB - The G- and U-specific reagent, carbodiimide was used to probe the solution structure of aminoacylated yeast phenylalanine tRNA. Both quantitative and qualitative changes in modification were observed when the modification patterns of tRNA-CCA(3'OH), tRNA-CCA(3'NH2) and phe-tRNA-CCA(3'NH2) were compared. Five nucleotides were modified in all cases, D16 and G20 in the D-loop, U33 and Gm34 in the anticodon loop and U47, in the region of the extra arm. Small changes occurred in the D-loop with incorporation of the adenosine analogue manifest as new, low levels of modification of G22 (D-stem) and a loss of sensitivity to Mg+2 in modification of D16. Aminoacylation resulted in new modification of G19, modification of a residue in the T psi CG sequence, and a 2.5-fold increase in modification of G22. Taken together the results show that aminoacylation causes increased exposure of bases in the apex region of the L-shaped molecule where the D- and psi-loops are joined. The effects observed could occur as a consequence of stable or dynamic changes in conformation. PMID- 7045811 TI - Induced hydrolytic activity of yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase by tRNAPhe-CC. AB - "Induced hydrolysis" a new hydrolytic activity, was found by measuring AMP production during aminoacylation of tRNAPhe-CCA by yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase in the presence of tRNAPhe-CC under conditions of low ionic strength at pH 8.5. Experiments using the elongation factor Tu . GTP provide evidence that transfer of phenylalanine to the tRNAPhe-CCA is followed by rapid hydrolysis in the presence of tRNAPhe-CC. A simple mechanism shows good agreement with the experimental data. PMID- 7045812 TI - [Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum, a representative of a new group of cytostatic drugs]. PMID- 7045814 TI - Renal replacement therapy. 3-2. Dietary management in renal dialysis and transplantation - 1. PMID- 7045813 TI - One hundred years on. PMID- 7045815 TI - Renal replacement therapy. 4-1. Dietary management in renal dialysis and transplantation--2. PMID- 7045816 TI - Renal replacement therapy. 6-2 Other aspects of renal transplantation-donor procurement, preservation and alternative rejection therapy. PMID- 7045817 TI - Renal replacement therapy. 7--Role of the transplant co-ordinator. PMID- 7045818 TI - Clinical trial: nurses put swabs to the test. PMID- 7045819 TI - Renal conference notebook: the strain is showing. PMID- 7045820 TI - Lessons from the past for trauma nursing. PMID- 7045821 TI - Spina bifida: treating the untreatable. PMID- 7045822 TI - Spina bifida: controversy, treatment and care. PMID- 7045823 TI - [Extracardiac malformations in infants with congenital heart diseases: clinical research and statistics covering period 1969-79 (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have examined the statistics of extracardiac malformations in infants with congenital heart disease, aged between birth and 12 months. Cases have been registered and studied within a period ranging from 1969 to 1979 at A. Meyer Hospital of Florence (Pediatric Institute of the University, Divisions of Medical Pediatrics and of Pediatric Surgery). Extracardiac abnormalities occur in 23,05% of infants seen during the first year of life for significant cardiac disease. Sometimes the extracardiac malformations are multiple and 66,3% of the affected infants have some established syndrome, especially chromosomal. The most frequent associated cardiac malformations are: ventricular septal defect (29,3%), complex heart disease (18,5%), non cyanotic heart disease with increased pulmonary blood flow (16,3%) and endocardial cushion defect (10,8%). PMID- 7045824 TI - [Social-cultural and pre-perinatal factors influencing the course of breast feeding (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045825 TI - [Value of the electroencephalogram in newborn infants with neurological risk without convulsive phenomena]. PMID- 7045826 TI - [Congestive cardiomyopathy in infancy: pathogenetic role of carnitine and selenium deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045827 TI - Evolutionary aspects of "brain-gut peptides": an immunohistochemical study. AB - Phylogeny of biogenic peptides and their source cells was studied by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The distribution of the peptide containing neurons and paraneurons in the brain and in the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system was depicted, especially in the bullfrog as the representative of deuterostomia and in the cockroach and some other insects as the representatives of protostomia. Stress was given to: (1) calcitonin immunoreactive neurons in bullfrog hypothalamus and PP-reactive neurons in the cockroach protocerebrum as instances of transmissional-hormonal partition of a neuropeptide, (2) open-type endocrine cells in the gut structurally and functionally common to the protostomia and deuterostomia, and (3) phylogeny of the prohormones with special reference to big gastrin and proglucagon (glicentin). PMID- 7045828 TI - VIP immunoreactivity in enteric nerves and endocrine cells of the vertebrate gut. AB - The gastrointestinal tracts of various species chosen as representatives of the seven vertebrate classes were investigated for the occurrence of VIP immunoreactivity. The study was carried out with identically fixed and embedded tissue using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique after primary incubation with a C-terminally directed antiserum (R 501). In the mammalian and avian species the antiserum failed to demonstrate VIP immunoreactive endocrine cells, while in the gut of all representatives of the lower vertebrate classes such cells were seen. The VIP immunoreactive cells were scattered among the epithelial cells of the entire intestine with a slightly higher density in the duodenum of bony fish, amphibians and reptiles. In contrast, VIP immunoreactivity in enteric nerve fibers and perikarya was found in all species studied except for the cyclostomes where the presence of VIP immunoreactive enteric fibers is questionable. The results may support, at least for mammals and birds, the hypothesis that true VIP is of nervous origin, while the endocrine cells contain VIP-related peptides. PMID- 7045829 TI - Actions of GIP. AB - Two structurally similar peptides were isolated from a preparation of GIP using an HPLC system. The major peptide corresponds to GIP1-42 and the minor has the sequence GIP3-42. GIP1-42 has both insulinotropic and somatostatinotropic activities, whereas GIP3-42 has only insignificant activity. GIP was also shown to potentiate insulin release initiated by D-glyceraldehyde, L-leucine/L glutamine and 2-keto-isocaproic acid. No potentiation was observed with 2 ketocaproate. The 4 substrates studied are all metabolized but via different mechanisms. PMID- 7045830 TI - Vertebrate brain-gut peptides related to FMRFamide and Met-enkephalin Arg6Phe7. AB - Many mammalian brain-gut peptides are known to be represented in invertebrate nervous systems; we have now examined the possibility that an invertebrate neuropeptide occurs in vertebrates. Antisera were raised in rabbits to the molluscan neuropeptide. Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide). The antiserum used for radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry is highly specific for the C-terminus of the tetrapeptide. In radioimmunoassays of tissue extracts of brain, gut and pancreas of various vertebrates (chicken, frog, dog, rat) concentrations of immunoreactive material up to about 200 pmol/g have been recorded. The immunoreactive material in chicken pancreas behaves on gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography as a molecule that is larger and less basic peptide that FMRFamide. Immunocytochemical studies have demonstrated an endocrine cell origin for FMRFamide-like material in chicken pancreas, and in dog ileum. In brain, FMRFamide can be localised to nerve cell bodies (frog) and nerve fibres (frog and rat). Synthetic FMRFamide has been shown to have excitatory actions on brain stem neurons in the rat. It is suggested that neurons in the rat central nervous system have receptors for FMRFamide that normally bind endogenous material with FMRFamide immunoreactivity. PMID- 7045831 TI - An appreciation of the work of Vittorio Erspamer. PMID- 7045832 TI - Demonstration of carboxyl-terminal PP-like peptides in endocrine cells and nerves. AB - Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been isolated from the pancreas of several species, and has been localized by immunohistochemistry to a distinct population of pancreatic endocrine cells. Recently, PP-like immunoreactivity has been demonstrated outside the pancreas, in gut endocrine cells and central and peripheral nerves, in studies using antisera raised to natural PPs. The antigenic determinants recognised by these antisera are not known in any detail, and, therefore, the identity of the molecules in these extrapancreatic localizations is also unknown. We have raised an antiserum to the synthetic COOH-terminus of PP (PP6), which, therefore, is directed exclusively towards the biologically active, invariant region of mammalian PPs. PP6-like immunoreactivity was localized in pancreatic cells which were revealed also by antiserum to human PP (hPP). Outside the pancreas, no localizations were obtained with anti-hPP antiserum, whereas antiserum to PP6 demonstrated immunoreactivity in a variety of tissues including gut glucagon cells, adrenal chromaffin cells, and nerve fibres in the gastrointestinal tract and adrenal gland. We would suggest that the wide distribution in nerves and endocrine cells of PP6-immunoreactive material, which may be biologically active, should be taken into account in the search for a physiological role for PP. PMID- 7045833 TI - The amino acid sequence of porcine glicentin. AB - Glicentin or gut GLI-1 has previously been isolated from porcine small intestine. On the basis of the available chemical data, the molecule was thought to contain 100 amino acid residues. A redetermination of the amino acid composition of the molecule has shown it to contain 69 amino acid residues, and the full sequence has been established. The sequence of glicentin can be outlined as: GRPP1--30-Lys Arg-Glucagon33--61-Lys-Arg-Hexapeptide64--69 where GRPP1--30 probably corresponds to the glicentin related pancreatic peptide previously isolated from porcine pancreas. In the pancreas, the two dibasic sequences (Lys31-Arg32 and Lys62 Arg63) probably represent sites of post-synthetic enzymatic cleavages by analogy with the two dibasic sequences of proinsulin. Glicentin thus fulfills the structural requirements for being all or a part of porcine proglucagon. In the intestine, glicentin could be the precursor of oxyntomodulin, a small molecular weight gut GLI presumably identical to glicentin 33--69, i.e., glucagon extended at the C-terminal end by an octapeptide. PMID- 7045834 TI - Gastrin-like peptides in the amphibian brain: an immunohistochemical study. AB - Peptides homologous to the gastro-intestinal hormones, gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK), are present in the brain. Using immunohistochemistry we localized a neurosecretory system, reacting with antigastrin sera, in the brain of amphibians by light and electron microscopy. It has a dual location: (1) in the nucleus infundibularis ventralis (NIV) two groups of perikarya give rise to fibre tracts which join up in the infundibular floor and end in the external zone of the median eminence; (2) in the preoptic area nerve fibres and endings are found near the preoptic recess. At the electron microscope level, the immuno colloidal-gold method revealed cells characterized by small immunoreactive dense granules, localized in the perikarya, nerve fibres and endings. Specificity controls showed that the immunoreacting substance(s) contain(s) all or part of the sequence (Trp-Met-Asp-Phe) common to gastrin, CCK and pentagastrin. The exact nature(s) and physiological function(s) of these substance(s) has (have) still to be defined. PMID- 7045835 TI - The pharmacokinetics of antibiotic diffusion in chronic bacterial prostatitis. AB - Historically chronic bacterial prostatitis in the male human has been relatively resistant to antimicrobial chemotherapy. The pharmacokinetic theory of drug diffusion into the prostate is reviewed. A brief description of the various canine models utilized to quantitate antimicrobial drug diffusion is presented. Specific data concerning the diffusion of various antimicrobial agents are abstracted followed by a brief discussion of mechanistic explanations for the success or failure of drug therapy. PMID- 7045836 TI - Biofeedback for headache. AB - Biofeedback has proven effective in treatment of vascular and muscle contraction headache. However, many factors have not yet been explored. Research into personality and psychologic aspects that can predict success or failure with biofeedback is necessary, as is research into the applicability of skills learned in the laboratory to nonlaboratory situations. The possibility of symptom substitution should be investigated, and the problem of using study volunteers who do not adequately represent the headache population must be dealt with. Biofeedback represents a significant step forward in control of migraine and muscle contraction headache. Further experience with biofeedback techniques is necessary, but the future seems to promise continued success with this new method of treatment. PMID- 7045837 TI - Assessment of chronic aortic valve disease in adults. AB - Chronic aortic valve disease is often tolerated for a long period of time with little in the way of symptoms, but once symptoms develop, the downhill course is often rapid. Medical therapy may alleviate symptoms of congestive heart failure and angina, but does not alter the natural history of the disease. The recent advances of cardiac surgery have, however, considerably improved the prognosis of most patients. Some patients with aortic regurgitation, though, will develop progressive congestive heart failure despite aortic valve replacement. Others with severe aortic stenosis will die suddenly while awaiting surgery as will a small number who previously had been asymptomatic. The information that comes from cardiac catheterization as well as the non-invasive investigation of cardiological disease, greatly enhanced by the introduction of the echocardiogram, has provided the physician with a better understanding of the particular problems in question and, therefore, the potential to solve them. This article aims to review the means by which high-risk groups can be identified, in order that their outlook may be improved especially with respect to the timing of surgical intervention. PMID- 7045838 TI - The metabolic effects of moderately severe upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in man. AB - The metabolic effects of moderately severe gastrointestinal haemorrhage were investigated in man. Before resuscitation, patients had raised circulating concentrations of glucose, lactate, alanine, glycerol and cortisol. After urgent operation for haemorrhage, metabolite concentrations were similar to those of control patients having elective abdominal surgery, but insulin concentrations were higher and cortisol lower in haemorrhage patients. There were no significant differences in nitrogen excretion between haemorrhage patients and their controls, but urinary 3-methyl-histidine excretion by haemorrhage patients was lower indicating decreased muscle protein breakdown. Decreased amino acid release from muscle might account for previously reported imparied wound healing after haemorrhage. PMID- 7045839 TI - [Contribution of contra-immunoelectrophoresis to the diagnosis of acute pneumococcal pneumopathies: report on 37 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Employed since 1971, contra-immunoelectrophoresis is a microbiological technique now recognised as being of increasing value. Used in 37 cases of pneumococcal lung infections its diagnostic reliability was 81% the technique being of particular interest in that it enabled a positive diagnosis in lung infections previously treated by antibiotics. Though performed in only a small number of cases, this method was able to confirm the frequency of pneumococcal infections. The technique can now be considered to be well established, the production of specific anti-serums, approaching type-specificity, being possible. Fairly simple to perform, and giving rapid results (within hour) it requires a minimum of apparatus and is a standard procedure that should be employed in all microbiological medical laboratories. Of undeniable diagnostic value, it should be associated with conventional bacteriological tests, which though essential sometimes give insufficient data. PMID- 7045840 TI - Evaluation of procedures to disperse inoculated Salmonella in poultry feeds. PMID- 7045841 TI - Control of diabetics in general practice and hospital clinics. PMID- 7045842 TI - Postural hypotension and its management. PMID- 7045843 TI - The present role of coronary artery surgery. PMID- 7045844 TI - Heart valve replacement. PMID- 7045845 TI - Cardiac pacing. PMID- 7045846 TI - The heart in winter. PMID- 7045847 TI - Treatment of essential hypertension. A comparison between nadolol, once daily, and propranolol, four times daily. PMID- 7045848 TI - Maintenance of bronchodilation in chronic reversible airways obstruction. Comparison between choline theophyllinate and salbutamol. PMID- 7045849 TI - Treatment of hypertension. Comparative trial of metoprolol Durules (once daily) and metoprolol tablets (twice daily). PMID- 7045850 TI - Miniaturized culture pads in the detection of bacteriuria. PMID- 7045851 TI - The treatment of hypertension in older patients: a comparative study between a diuretic, a beta-receptor antagonist and their fixed combination. PMID- 7045852 TI - Dipyridamole in coronary heart disease. PMID- 7045853 TI - A comparison of two beta-blocking drugs in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. PMID- 7045854 TI - Hydrochlorothiazide and nadolol in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7045855 TI - Reiter's syndrome and the American revolutionary war. PMID- 7045856 TI - John Mitchell Bruce (1846-1929). PMID- 7045857 TI - [Application possibilities of catathymic picture imagery with children in the field of child-rearing counseling]. PMID- 7045858 TI - [Autologous bone marrow transplantation in the management of malignant diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045859 TI - [A topical combination of triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% + econazole nitrate 1% in cream, ointment and fatty ointment. A multicentre study on eczema]. PMID- 7045860 TI - [Synthesis of aspartate decarboxylase in Escherichia coli strains]. AB - The ability to synthesize intracellular aspartate decarboxylase was investigated in 19 E. coli strains, out of which strain AB 2472 proved most effective. The maximum accumulation of the enzyme was seen after 6-hour cultivation at pH 6.0, t = 37 degrees C and 4% DL-aspartate used as inducer. By thin-layer chromatography on silufol it was demonstrated that the product of aspartate decarboxylation was beta-alanine. PMID- 7045861 TI - [Cytometric characteristics of erythrocytes in polycythemia vera]. PMID- 7045862 TI - [Antithrombin III]. PMID- 7045863 TI - [Optimization of the bacteriological study of tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 7045864 TI - [Robert Koch]. PMID- 7045865 TI - Junction between Z and B conformations in a DNA restriction fragment: evaluation by Raman spectroscopy. AB - Raman vibrational spectra were obtained from two DNA restriction fragments and the DNA polymer (dG-dC)n . (dG-dC)n in 0.01 and 4.5 M NaCl. One fragment contained 95 base pairs (bp) of the Escherichia coli lactose operator-promoter region (95-bp fragment). The other fragment consisted of the 95-bp region flanked by 26 and 32 bp of dC-dG sequences and BamHI ends (157-bp fragment). In 0.01 M NaCl all three DNAs have Raman spectra characteristic of a right-handed B conformation. The high salt spectrum of the 95-bp fragment is also characteristic of a B conformation. However, the spectrum of the 157-bp fragment in 4.5 M NaCl shows major intensity changes from the 0.01 M NaCl spectrum. These changes are also observed in the high salt spectra of (dG-dC)n . (dG-dC)n and are correlated with the presence of a left-handed Z conformation. Comparisons between the high salt Raman spectra of the 157-bp fragment and spectra calculated from (dG-dC)n . (dG-dC)n and the 95-bp fragment indicated that essentially all of the dC-dG regions in the 157-bp fragment are in the Z conformation and a large part (approximately 80%) of the 95-bp region no longer has a B-type backbone vibration. However, this non-B-DNA-like character of the central region is not indicated by base vibrations. PMID- 7045866 TI - Reconstitution of a variant macrophage cell line defective in oxygen metabolism with a H2O2-generating system. AB - A variant clone, C3C, derived from the cloned macrophage cell line J774.16 lacks the capacity to produce O2- or H2O2 after appropriate stimulation. When the parental and variant cell lines were infected with epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasites were killed or their growth was inhibited by the parental line, but they grew readily in the variant clone C3C. It was possible to reconstitute the variant cell line with an enzyme system targeted to the lysosomal compartment capable of generating a single oxygen metabolite, H2O2. This was accomplished by allowing the cells to phagocytize zymosan particles covalently coupled with glucose oxidase (GO-Zy particles). Approximately one third of the H2O2 theoretically expected to be produced by the ingested GO-Zy particles could be detected outside the cells by the cytochrome c peroxidase assay; this fraction may represent the efficiency of extracellular assays for H2O2 production. When T. cruzi-infected clone C3C cells were reconstituted with GO-Zy particles, upon addition of glucose, intracellular killing of the parasites occurred. It was possible to estimate the level of H2O2 production required to kill a single parasite (8.7 x 10(-7) nmol/min) by GO-Zy particles in suspension and to formulate a first approximation of the killing potency of the reconstituted cells--i.e., number of parasites expected to be killed--that correlated well with the observed growth of the parasites intracellularly. PMID- 7045867 TI - Polarization of the Golgi apparatus and the microtubule-organizing center in cultured fibroblasts at the edge of an experimental wound. AB - We have used the technique of experimental wounding of confluent monolayers of normal fibroblasts to induce essentially unidirectional and synchronous cell movement at the edge of the wound. The intracellular location of the Golgi apparatus and the microtubule-organizing center was determined by double indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, using antibodies specific for the membranes of the Golgi apparatus and antibodies specific for tubulin, respectively. In cells at the wound edge, the immunolabeled Golgi apparatus and microtubule-organizing center were in close proximity to one another and located predominantly forward of the cell nucleus facing the wound. In the same cultures in cells removed from the wound, the two organelles were also coordinately located; however, they were randomly oriented with respect to the wound edge. This reorientation of the two organelles in cells at the wound edge was evident within minutes after wounding and persisted as cell extension subsequently occurred into the wound. These results suggest that both the Golgi apparatus and the microtubule-organizing center may participate in directing cell movement. The possible mechanisms involved are discussed in the light of previous hypotheses and experimental evidence concerning cell motility. PMID- 7045868 TI - Absence of pork-like insulin in guinea pig tissues. AB - By using a technique for concentrating insulin 100-fold from tissue extracts with 75-95% recoveries, we earlier failed to detect pork-like insulin in guinea pig tissues and thus were unable to confirm reports from the National Institutes of Health that these tissues contain a pork-like insulin at concentrations averaging 1 ng/g. This difference could have been due to differences in strains of guinea pigs studied or in the species specificities of the antisera used for radioimmunoassay. In the current study, tissue extracts from both NIH and Hartley guinea pigs were assayed with three antisera routinely used in our laboratory and one antiserum that had been used in the National Institutes of Health laboratory. We observed that pork-like insulin in tissues from both strains of guinea pigs as determined with the four antisera is less than 0.02 ng/g. We therefore conclude that is is unlikely that nonpancreatic guinea pig tissues contain or synthesize a peptide resembling pork or other non-guinea pig mammalian insulin. PMID- 7045869 TI - Acetylcholine, melatonin, and potassium depolarization stimulate release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone from rat hypothalamus in vitro. AB - We have examined the release of radioimmunoassayable luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) from fragments of rat medial basal hypothalamus. These fragments were cultured overnight in medium containing serum and then preincubated in groups of three for 10 min in medium resembling cerebrospinal fluid in its electrolyte constituents and containing bacitracin. This was followed by 30-min incubation periods during which some of the hypothalami were exposed to test substances. Potassium depolarization, effected by the addition of 56 mM potassium chloride to the incubation medium, caused a marked stimulation in LH-RH release, but only in the presence of calcium. Acetylcholine at 10 nM and the parasympathomimetic anticholinesterase agent neostigmine at 1 microM markedly stimulated LH-RH release. Hexamethonium, a nicotinic antagonist, at 1 microM abolished the acetylcholine-induced increment in LH-RH release. Melatonin, a pineal indolamine, caused significant stimulation of LH-RH release at a concentration as low as 10 nM. Bacitracin (21 microM) was employed in all these experiments. It had no effect on LH-RH release but did prevent the degradation of LH-RH in this system. We conclude that acetylcholine and melatonin are capable of inducing LH-RH release from the rat medial basal hypothalamus. These actions may account for some of the progonadotropic properties previously ascribed to these agents. PMID- 7045870 TI - Development of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells studied with a monoclonal antibody against galactocerebroside. AB - We have generated a hybridoma cell line secreting a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to the surfaces of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, the cells involved in myelin formation in the central and peripheral nervous systems, respectively. Binding studies using purified sphingolipids showed that this antibody reacts strongly with galactocerebroside (GalC), the major galactosphingolipid of myelin. The antibody was used in conjunction with rabbit antisera against sulfatide, the sulfated form of GalC, to examine the developmental appearance of these lipids on the surfaces of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. In addition, the loss of GalC and sulfatide from freshly dissociated Schwann cells was compared. These studied showed that GalC is expressed on the cell surface prior to sulfatide on both of these cell types in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, dissociated Schwann cells lose their cell surface sulfatide more rapidly than they lose their surface GalC under nonmyelinating conditions. PMID- 7045871 TI - Biosynthesis of rat insulins I and II: evidence for differential expression of the two genes. AB - The purpose of these experiments was to determine the relative content and biosynthetic rate of insulins I and II under various experimental conditions. The two insulins were quantitated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electrotransfer to nitrocellulose paper, photoaffinity crosslinking, and immunodetection with anti-insulin antibody and 125I-labeled protein A. The ratio (mean +/- SEM) of insulins, I/II, was 1.2 +/- 0.2 in Wistar-Furth rats fasted for 4 days, 1.6 +/- 0.2 in normal rats, and 5.5 +/- 0.8 in growth hormone-tumor bearing hyperinsulinemic rats (P less than 0.01). The increase in content of rat insulin I compared to II in the growth hormone-tumor-bearing animals was confirmed by radioimmunoassay of gel slices. To determine whether the difference in contents of rat insulins I and II in the hyperinsulinemic rats was due to increased biosynthesis or a different turnover rate, isolated rat islets were incubated in [3H]leucine for 4 hr with 5.5 mM or 16.0 mM glucose in the incubation medium. Glucose stimulated insulin biosynthesis greater than 8-fold. The ratio of synthesis of rat insulin I relative to II was 0.9 +/- 0.1 at 5.5 mM glucose and 9.8 +/- 3.3 (P less than 0.01) at 16.0 mM glucose. Therefore, under conditions that stimulate insulin biosynthesis, there was a marked preferential synthesis of rat insulin I relative to II. These studies suggest that the two rat insulin genes are expressed independently and that, under stimulatory conditions, there is preferential expression of the rat insulin I gene. PMID- 7045872 TI - Functional conservation near the 3' end of eukaryotic small subunit RNA: photochemical crosslinking of P site-bound acetylvalyl-tRNA to 18S RNA of yeast ribosomes. AB - Escherichia coli acetylvalyl (AcVal)-tRNA1Val became crosslinked to both yeast and spinach chloroplast ribosomes upon irradiation (300 nm) in the presence of poly(U2,G). Yields were 25-30% and 33%, respectively, compared to 45% for E. coli. Crosslinking occurred to the P site, only to the 40S subunit, and 90% of that was to the 18S rRNA. The crosslink could be photolyzed at 254 nm with the same first-order kinetics as for the E. coli ribosome complex previously studied. The AcVal-tRNA that split off could be crosslinked again when irradiated at 300 nm, showing that the crosslink was photoreversible. There was a strong codon specificity for crosslinking. With pG-U-U, 85% crosslinking was obtained after 20 min of irradiation; with G-U-A, only 3% crosslinking occurred. All of these properties are the same as those previously reported for the E. coli ribosome crosslink that occurs via cyclobutane dimer formation between the 5' anticodon base 5'-carboxymethoxyuridine-34 and cytidine-1400 of the 16S RNA. Cytidine-1400 is in the center of a 17-mer that has been almost totally conserved among the small subunit rRNAs of all species so far examined, including yeast. Crosslinking of tRNA in the same way to both yeast and E. coli ribosomes shows that there has been a functional conservation as well in this region of the small subunit rRNA. This region may be involved in some essential aspect of the decoding process that is common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis systems. PMID- 7045873 TI - Control of insulin receptor level in 3T3 cells: effect of insulin-induced down regulation and dexamethasone-induced up-regulation on rate of receptor inactivation. AB - Chronic exposure of 3T3 mouse fibroblasts to insulin or to the glucocorticoid dexamethasone induces down-regulation and up-regulation, respectively, of cell surface and total cellular insulin binding capacity. Both processes are reversed upon withdrawal of the inducer. Scatchard analysis of insulin binding for receptors in the down- and up-regulated states indicates that the changes in binding capacity result primarily from alterations in insulin receptor level. That these alterations in total receptor level are due to changes in cell-surface receptor level is indicated by the fact that the level of trypsin-insensitive, presumably intracellular, insulin binding sites does not change appreciably upon down- and up-regulation. The effects of insulin-induced down-regulation and dexamethasone-induced up-regulation on the rates of insulin receptor synthesis and decay were assessed by the heavy-isotope density-shift technique. Cells were shifted to medium containing heavy (2H, 13C, 15N) amino acids and, at various times after the shift, light and heavy receptors solubilized from total cellular membranes were resolved by isopycnic banding on density gradients and then quantitated. It was demonstrated that the insulin- and dexamethasone-induced alterations in insulin receptor level were due entirely to changes in the rate constant for receptor inactivation. The decrease in the first-order rate constant for receptor decay caused by dexamethasone is unexpected in view of the known action of steroid hormones in the induction of the synthesis of specific proteins. PMID- 7045874 TI - Mutagenicity of oxygen free radicals. AB - Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride) was used as an intracellular generator of oxygen free radicals and was found to be highly mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium. It caused both base-pair substitution and frameshift mutations. Paraquat was much more toxic and mutagenic in a simple nutritionally restricted medium than in a rich complex medium. The mutagenicity of paraquat was dependent upon the presence of a supply of both electrons and oxygen. Cells containing high levels of superoxide dismutase (superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) were more resistant to the toxicity and the mutagenicity of paraquat than were cells containing normal levels of this enzyme. The mutagenicity of paraquat thus appears to be due to its ability to exacerbate the intracellular production of superoxide radicals. PMID- 7045875 TI - Association of a Mr 50,000 cap-binding protein with the cytoskeleton in baby hamster kidney cells. AB - A monoclonal antibody directed against eukaryotic mRNA 5'-cap-binding protein (anti-CBP antibody) was used to localize cap-binding protein (CBP) in BHK-21 baby hamster kidney cells by immunofluorescence microscopy. It was found that the antibody reacts with a fibrous network extending through the cytoplasm in a radial arrangement. The network behaves like intermediate filaments in colchicine treated cells, suggesting a direct or indirect linkage of CBP with intermediate filaments. The association of CBP with a cytoskeletal element was further confirmed by isolation of proteins from Triton X-100-extracted cells and identification of CBP in the cytoskeletal fraction with anti-CBP antibody. The major polypeptide reacting with anti-CBP antibody is a Mr 50,000 component. Tryptic peptide mapping showed that this polypeptide is related to a Mr 24,000 polypeptide identified as CBP in earlier experiments [Sonenberg, N., Morgan, M. A., Testa, D., Colonna, R. J. & Shatkin, A. J. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75, 4843-4847]. PMID- 7045876 TI - Increased phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 during meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes. AB - A single ribosomal protein (Mr, 32,000) becomes phosphorylated during progesterone-induced in vitro maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes. The protein is identified as 40S ribosomal protein S6. Phosphorylation of S6 is monitored by incorporation of 32Pi and by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. S6 is minimally phosphorylated in unstimulated oocytes. After progesterone treatment, phosphorylation of S6 precedes germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and is maximal at the time when 50% of the oocytes have undergone GVBD. S6, when maximally phosphorylated, exists in derivatives that correspond to the most highly phosphorylated forms observed in other systems, and the increase in S6 phosphorylation occurs at approximately the same time as the increase in the overall protein synthesis rate reported to occur during oocyte maturation. S6 is also maximally phosphorylated in unfertilized eggs following maturation in vivo. Injection of a partially purified preparation of maturation-promoting factor into immature oocytes induces immediate phosphorylation of S6 and rapidly increases the rate of protein synthesis. Moreover, incubation of ribosomes with this factor and radiolabeled ATP results in labeling of S6. These findings suggest that S6 phosphorylation may be important in the control of protein synthesis during maturation and may also play a role in the mechanism of action of maturation promoting factor. PMID- 7045877 TI - Molecular cloning of Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin genes in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Hybridization probes derived from the A and B subunit genes of the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of Escherichia coli were used to analyze DNA from Vibrio cholera strain 569B for cholera toxin gene sequences. Southern blot analysis indicated that the cholera toxin A and B subunit genes were each duplicated in the strain. One of the two toxin subunit gene pairs was cloned as a 5.1-kilobase DNA insert in plasmid pBR322. E. coli cells carrying the recombinant plasmid pJM17 were shown to produce cholera toxin, which was found to be largely cell associated. Protein chemical analysis indicated that the toxin was in its unnicked form and required additional proteolytic processing by trypsin to exhibit full toxicity in tissue culture. The alteration in E. coli of the secretion and proteolytic processing of cholera toxin parallels that previously observed for LT. An in vitro generated insertion mutation in the A subunit gene on pJM17 was shown to abolish production of the A chain but still allow production of the B chain. These observations, together with restriction mapping data, have demonstrated that the cholera toxin and LT genes are very similar in their genetic organization. PMID- 7045879 TI - Current concepts in ultraviolet carcinogenesis. PMID- 7045878 TI - Meiosis in haploid yeast. AB - Haploid yeast cells normally contain either the MATa or MATalpha mating-type allele and cannot undergo meiosis and spore formation. If both mating-type alleles are present as a consequence of chromosome III disomy (MATa/MATalpha), haploids initiate meiosis but do not successfully form spores, probably because the haploid chromosome complement is irregularly partitioned during meiotic nuclear division. We have demonstrated that the ochre-suppressible mutation spo13 1 enables haploid yeast cells disomic for chromosome III and heterozygous at the mating-type locus to complete meiosis and spore formation, yielding two haploid spores. Previous studies have shown that the absence of the wild-type SPO13 gene function permits diploid cells to bypass homologous chromosome segregation at meiosis I and proceed directly to meiosis II. During spo13-1 haploid meiosis, cells enter prophase of meiosis I. Genetic recombination, monitored on the chromosome III disome, occurs at levels similar to those seen in diploids, indicating that the level of exchange between homologs is an autonomous property of individual chromosomes and not dependent on exchange elsewhere in the genome. Exchange is then followed by a single meiosis II equational chromosome division. Recombination in spo13-1 haploids is blocked by the spo11-1 mutation, which also eliminates recombination between homologous chromosomes during conventional diploid meiosis. We conclude that Spo(+) haploids expressing both a and alpha mating-type information attempt a SPO13-dependent meiosis I division, and that this division, in the absence of paired homologous chromosomes, is responsible for the failure of such haploids to complete normal gametogenesis. Our observations support the conclusion that initiation and completion of meiosis II and spore formation are not dependent on either completion of meiosis I or the presence of a diploid chromosome complement. PMID- 7045880 TI - Divergence of binding sites, in vitro action, and secretory regulation of the somatomedin peptides, IGF-I and IGF-II. PMID- 7045881 TI - Inhibition of sham feeding-induced gastric secretion and serum hormonal responses by analogs of (pyro)Glu-His-Gly-OH. PMID- 7045882 TI - Intestinal and hepatic cholesterol synthesis in the alloxan diabetic rat. PMID- 7045883 TI - Macrophage migration inhibition in experimental diabetes. PMID- 7045884 TI - Yeast cells cannot incorporate queuine into their tRNA. PMID- 7045885 TI - Captopril: association with fetal death and pulmonary vascular changes in the rabbit. PMID- 7045886 TI - The organization of post-translational precursor processing in peptidergic neurosecretory cells. PMID- 7045887 TI - The structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. AB - The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of the electric ray is currently one of the most extensively studied integral membrane proteins. A very speculative model for the structure of acetylcholine receptor in the membrane is shown in Fig. 1. This model does not take into account the extremely high density of receptor in the subsynaptic region of the membrane. The receptor is an oligomeric glycoprotein composed of five subunits, all of which are exposed externally, span the lipid bilayer, and are exposed cytoplasmically. Although the subunits have considerable sequence homology, they arise from the translation of different messenger RNAs. The naturally occurring form of the Torpedo receptor is a dimer, but monomer is also functionally active. Each receptor monomer has two binding sites for agonists and competitive antagonists but probably only one site for specific binding of local anesthetics. This latter site appears to be in the open ion channel near the center of the membrane. PMID- 7045888 TI - Molecular structures and mechanisms of transmembrane channels: beta-helices, alpha-helices, beta-chains, and beta-barrels. PMID- 7045889 TI - [Determination of drugs in the saliva]. PMID- 7045890 TI - Caries research in the 1980's. PMID- 7045891 TI - Human smoking behavior and the development of dependence on tobacco smoking. PMID- 7045892 TI - Smoking and drug metabolism. PMID- 7045893 TI - The pharmacology of nicotine dependence: a working hypothesis. PMID- 7045894 TI - Application of network thermodynamics to the computer modeling of the pharmacology of anticancer agents: a network model for methotrexate action as a comprehensive example. PMID- 7045895 TI - The role of host hormones in controlling survival and development of Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 7045896 TI - Ultraviolet phototherapy of psoriasis. PMID- 7045897 TI - Interactions of renal prostaglandins with the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 7045898 TI - Methods of breast imaging. PMID- 7045899 TI - Indicator dilution theory for convective dispersion in laminar flow through straight tubes. AB - From an analysis of the dispersion of indicator in steady laminar fluid flow, expressions are derived for the determination of flow in a straight tube in circumstances in which the familiar Stewart-Hamilton relations for indicator dilution do not generally apply, namely when the method of detection of the tagged blood flow depends on the density of the indicator in the system, as with X-ray videodensitometry. The analysis assumes no diffusion of indicator, and is carried out for arbitrary profiles of fluid flow velocity and tube cross-section. Injections of finite width and finite duration are considered, whereby the indicator is distributed over the tube cross-section either uniformly or in proportion to velocity. Spatial resolution of the detector is considered. A new method is proposed to utilise a priori information when the type of flow is known beforehand. The application of the results is illustrated by several examples for cases with laminar flow. The study is theoretical and is intended only as a first step towards the measurement of blood flow in the human circulation. PMID- 7045900 TI - History of the American Society for Photobiology (ASP). The first 10 years, and before. PMID- 7045901 TI - Nonreciprocal synergistic lethal interaction between 365-nm and 405-nm radiation in wild type and uvrA strains of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7045902 TI - Hearing of modulation in sounds. PMID- 7045903 TI - Epinephrin(e). PMID- 7045904 TI - [Matter of lineage]. PMID- 7045905 TI - Synthesis of RNA in isolated mitochondria from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7045906 TI - Anna Coleman Ladd: maker of masks for the facially mutilated. PMID- 7045907 TI - Dr. Frank McDowell on grafts to the nose. PMID- 7045908 TI - [The historical achievement and the limits of the work of Sigmund Freud (1855 1939)]. AB - In this paper written on the occasion of Sigmund Freud's 125th birthday, an attempt is made to strike a balance of earlier marxist assessments of Freud's work. After a short presentation of the more important biographical and work historical data, mainly Freud's antropological basic conceptions and their problematic consequences for his personality-theory are dealt with. Freud's historically important achievement is seen in the opening of a psychological access to the understanding of neuroses as well as the discovery of dynamic processes in the psychotherapeutic encounter. PMID- 7045909 TI - Three studies in psychosomatic medicine revisited: a tribute to the psychobiological perspective of Herbert Weiner. PMID- 7045910 TI - Herbert Weiner "at home". PMID- 7045911 TI - Breath suspension during the transcendental meditation technique. AB - We observed, over four independent experiments, 565 criterion-meeting episodes of breath suspension in 40 subjects practicing the Transcendental Mediation technique (TM), a simple mental technique involving no breath control procedures. The frequency and length of these breath suspension episodes were substantially and significantly greater for TM subjects than for control subjects relaxing with eyes closed. Voluntary control of respiration was most probably eliminated as an explanation of ths phenomenon by the experimental design and by the use of a variety of nonintrusive respiration transducers, including a two-channel magnetometer, an indirect but accurate means of monitoring respiration. Many TM subjects report experience of a completely quiescent mental state characterized by maintained awareness in the absence of thought. Eleven TM subjects were instructed to press an event mark button after each episode of this pure consciousness experience. The temporal distribution of button presses was significantly related (p less than 10(-10) to the distribution of breath suspension episodes, indicating that breath suspension is a physiological correlate of some, but not all, episodes of the pure consciousness experience. In an extensive study of a single advanced mediator, pure consciousness experiences were also associated with reduced heart rate; high basal skin resistance; stable phasic skin resistance; markedly reduced mean respiration rate, mean minute ventilation and mean metabolic rate; and statistically consistent changes in EEG power and EEG coherence (an indicator of long-range spatial order in the nervous system). PMID- 7045912 TI - Behavioral treatment of high blood pressure II. Acute and sustained effects of relaxation and systolic blood pressure biofeedback. AB - The effects on blood pressure of regular patient and professional monitoring of blood pressure, extensive patient-involved assessment of results, relaxation, and systolic blood pressure biofeedback are analyzed by comparisons of data from two 3-month treatment periods with results from a 1-month baseline period and by comparisons among control and treatment groups. Ninety borderline hypertensive patients completed the treatments. Major findings are: A Acute effects; 1) Both relaxation and systolic blood pressure biofeedback lowered blood pressure acutely. 2) Improvement in performance of relaxation and biofeedback with practice showed that they are learned skills. 3) Acutely, relaxation and biofeedback were equally effective for lowering systolic blood pressure, but relaxation lowered diastolic blood pressure more. B. Long-term effects; 1) Blood pressure declined for at least 6 months with regular monitoring and patient involved assessment. 2) The greatest lowering of blood pressure by behavioral intervention occurred during periods when pressures tended to be highest. 3) A combination of relaxation and biofeedback, with biofeedback preceding relaxation, was better than either used alone and slightly, but not significantly, better than relaxation preceding biofeedback. 4) The long-term effects of biofeedback were slightly greater than those of relaxation. A staged, incremental behavioral treatment of borderline hypertension is proposed. PMID- 7045913 TI - Behavioral versus pharmacological treatments for essential hypertension--a needed comparison. AB - Comparison of mild-to-moderate essential hypertension patients treated for 6 weeks by antihypertensive medication versus metronome-conditioned relaxation versus biofeedback versus a mild exercise control procedure showed that those on medication achieved the greatest decrease in blood pressure. The relaxation and biofeedback groups decreased more than the mild exercise group, as predicted, but not significantly more. The differences in benefits of the groups were not a function of group differences in initial blood pressure levels nor in compliance. Nor did the groups differ in the side effects that are usually associated with medications. A second phase of 6 weeks with another treatment or combination of treatments did not add significantly. Some characteristics of patients moderately predicted treatment benefits, for example, high scores on the Jenkins Activity Survey Scales (1) [Type A, S or H], for the relaxation and biofeedback treated patients predicted which patients received greater benefits. PMID- 7045914 TI - Clinical trials of neuropeptides in psychiatric disorders. PMID- 7045915 TI - [The role of passion in medical thinking from Pinel to Moreau de Tours]. PMID- 7045917 TI - Marcel Florkin, 1900-1979, historian of biochemistry. PMID- 7045916 TI - The development of biochemistry in England through botany and the brewing industry (1870-1890). PMID- 7045918 TI - From biochemistry to molecular biology: DNA and the acculturated journey of the critic of science Erwin Chargaff. PMID- 7045919 TI - [Legend and reality in the noxious quality of fava beans]. PMID- 7045920 TI - Homo fabricator: a new species. PMID- 7045921 TI - [Disease and labor following the French Industrial Revolution]. PMID- 7045922 TI - A matter of life and death: water in the natural philosophy of Albertus Magnus. PMID- 7045923 TI - [Preformation and epigenesis: the theories of Prevost and Dumas]. PMID- 7045924 TI - Eugenics before World War II: The case of Norway. PMID- 7045925 TI - The history of molecular biology. PMID- 7045926 TI - An evaluation of a model health plan for the medically needy in Multnomah County, Oregon. PMID- 7045927 TI - [Tooth transplantation after loss of a bridge abutment - an alternative to using a removable denture]. PMID- 7045928 TI - [ITI-hollow cylinder implant (III). After-care - superstructure - hygiene]. PMID- 7045929 TI - [Periodontal and gnathological requirements in endosseous, oral implantation (II)]. PMID- 7045930 TI - [Optimal preparations- rational execution (I)]. PMID- 7045931 TI - [Prosthetic treatment of acquired maxillary defects after tumor surgery (II)]. PMID- 7045932 TI - [Clinical results of an A1203-ceramic endosseous extension implant after 3 years]. PMID- 7045933 TI - [Prosthetic care using A1203-ceramic implants]. PMID- 7045934 TI - [Clinically desirable anchored partial and trial dentures with Dalbo-(Bona-) attachments]. PMID- 7045935 TI - [Glide plane-related gnathology as a basis for cooperation between consulting room and laboratory (I)]. PMID- 7045936 TI - [Immunological findings in the enamel sheath]. PMID- 7045937 TI - [Glide plane-related gnathology as a basis for cooperation between consulting room and laboratory (II)]. PMID- 7045938 TI - [Temporomandibular joint treatment as a preprosthetic measure]. PMID- 7045939 TI - [Esthetics of prosthetics (I)]. PMID- 7045940 TI - [Minor orthodontic measures in oral rehabilitation (II)]. PMID- 7045941 TI - [Long-term clinical study with endosseous implants. 1. Surgical advances (I)]. PMID- 7045942 TI - [Edge reconstruction in practice using an acid etching technic and hardening with light]. PMID- 7045943 TI - [Esthetics of prosthetics (II)]. PMID- 7045944 TI - [Long-term clinical study with endosseous implants. 1. Surgical measures (II)]. PMID- 7045945 TI - [Drilling and grinding 1981. A new system]. PMID- 7045946 TI - [Impression system with reversible hydrocolloids (I). Why hydrophobic when hydrophilic works?]. PMID- 7045947 TI - [Interdental space--problem zone for reconstructive dentistry (I)]. PMID- 7045948 TI - [Long-term clinical study with endosseous implants. 2. Crown and bridge procedures]. PMID- 7045949 TI - [Impression system with reversible hydrocolloids. (II) Why hydrophobic when hydrophilic works?]. PMID- 7045950 TI - [Reconstruction of the masticatory system in congenital oligodontia - a case report (II)]. PMID- 7045951 TI - [Interdental space--problem zone for reconstructive dentistry (II)]. PMID- 7045952 TI - [Cast prosthetics: new design for parallel and free-end units--consequences in periodontic and prophylaxis]. PMID- 7045953 TI - [Periodontal and gnathological requirements in endosseous, oral implants (I)]. PMID- 7045954 TI - [Biotechnical viewpoints in the selection and use of instruments in cavity and crown preparation]. PMID- 7045955 TI - [Prosthetic treatment of acquired palatal defects after tumor surgery (I)]. PMID- 7045956 TI - [Retraction cuffs, a new aid for the isolation of prepared teeth before taking impression]. PMID- 7045957 TI - [Impression system with reversible hydrocolloids. Why hydrophobic when hydrophilic works?]. PMID- 7045958 TI - ["New-enlarged therapeutic dirt pharmacy" (1696/1734) of the court and town physician Christian Frantz Paulini]. PMID- 7045959 TI - [The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test in the immunodiagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis. Comparison with the indirect haemagglutination (IH) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) (author's transl)]. AB - Sera from patients with urinary schistosomiasis were used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA, IH and CIEP tests for the detection of antibodies to schistosomes. Sera from persons with parasitic infections other than schistosomiasis, and sera from healthy persons were used as negative controls. The ELISA test was more sensitive than the IH and CIEP, and slightly more specific than the CIEP. This simple test may be suitable for use in large seroepidemiological surveys. PMID- 7045960 TI - [Comparative determination of phenobarbital by gas chromatography and enzyme immunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045961 TI - [Rheumatic synovitis in chronic aspecific synovitis. Histopathological contribution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045962 TI - [Proposed use of a technic based on bioluminescence for determination of the minimal inhibiting concentration (MIC)]. PMID- 7045963 TI - Evaluation of 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole as a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. PMID- 7045964 TI - Lancashire lasses and Yorkshire lads: childhood in the early nineteenth century. PMID- 7045965 TI - The Quebec Medicare Programme. PMID- 7045966 TI - [Bone marrow hematopoiesis in dogs exposed to different variants of repeated whole body non-uniform irradiation]. PMID- 7045967 TI - [Mechanisms of the radioprotective effect of 2-amino-2-thiazoline in experiments on yeasts]. PMID- 7045968 TI - Changes in the reduced glutathione concentration and the activity of glutathione reductase in some tissues of the rats gamma-irradiated after the administration of cystamine. PMID- 7045969 TI - Hyperplastic cholecystosis: an analysis and review of the different pathologic and radiologic aspects. PMID- 7045970 TI - Skeleton changes in patients with spinal dysrhaphism. PMID- 7045971 TI - [The development of the human hand in art]. PMID- 7045972 TI - A tribute to Merrill Clary Sosman, M.D. Introduction of the annual orator, E. Robert Heitzman, M.D. PMID- 7045973 TI - The pulmonary acinus: historical notes. AB - While the pulmonary acinus as an anatomical unit is central to an understanding of pulmonary disease, its radiographic validity remains in doubt. A review of the historical basis of present knowledge about the acinus reveals several sources of confusion. It is suggested that recent findings provide better justification for the use of this term than historical sources. PMID- 7045974 TI - Renal stone extraction through a percutaneous nephrostomy in a renal transplant patient. PMID- 7045975 TI - A clinical trial of oral cholecystography using combinations of contrast agents and two consecutive doses. AB - Fifteen healthy volunteers underwent a randomized trial of oral cholecystography (OCG) using 5 different combinations of contrast agents given as 2 consecutive doses: Telepaque (iopanoic acid) given with food (TF) or without food (T), Bilopaque (sodium tyropanoate) given without food, and a combination of both agents (TF-B). The density of gallbladder opacification was judged visually on a scale of 1+ to 4+ and quantitatively by a densitometric method. Comparison of gallbladder opacification on the first and second days of the study revealed 52 of 75 (70%) combinations (TF-T, TF-TF,T-T, TF-B, B-B) resulted in improved opacification, 17% in equal opacification, and 13% in worse opacification on day 2. The TF-B combination showed the highest number (9) of excellent (grade 4+) results and the lowest number (2) of poor (grade 1+ and 2+) results, gave the best opacification in 8 volunteers, and had the highest average density difference (0.32) between first- and second-day opacifications. The TF-TF combination was the next most effective, and the T-T combination was the least effective. The results indicate that OCG in 2 consecutive doses is superior to single-dose OCG, and that a combination of TF-B or TF-TF will provide the greatest gallbladder opacification. The TF-B combination is recommended because of better patient tolerance. PMID- 7045976 TI - Primary lymphoma of bone: relationship of radiographic appearance and prognosis. AB - A retrospective review was made of the pretreatment radiographs of 20 patients with well-documented primary lymphoma of bone. Nine radiographic signs were defined, and the presence or absence of each was recorded for each patient. When the radiographic findings were compared with disease-free survival for each patient, it was found that patients who had a relapse had a higher mean number of positive radiographic signs than those who remained disease free (p less than 0.02). Also, those who relapsed early had more positive signs than those who relapsed late (p less than 0.05). Certain signs, i.e., pathologic fracture, layered periosteal new bone, broken periosteal new bone, cortical breakthrough, soft-tissue mass, and soft-tissue swelling, were more helpful than others for making a prognosis. These signs appear to be related to radiologic evidence of imminent or actual soft-tissue extension of the tumor. PMID- 7045977 TI - Simplified catheterization of a left common carotid artery arising from the innominate trunk. AB - Catheterization of the left common carotid artery arising from an innominate artery can be achieved without catheter exchange. An open loop can be created in the left subclavian artery with a preformed catheter. Withdrawal and rotation of the catheter permits catheterization of the anomalous carotid vessel. PMID- 7045978 TI - A look at the P4 virus containment laboratory. PMID- 7045979 TI - Measles and SSPE viruses: similarities and differences. PMID- 7045980 TI - Aminoadamantane derivatives. PMID- 7045981 TI - Biologically active 1,2-benzisothiazole derivatives. PMID- 7045982 TI - Tilorone and related bis-basic substituted polycyclic aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds. PMID- 7045983 TI - Hypoglycaemic drugs. PMID- 7045984 TI - Mechanisms of cytotoxicity of nitroimidazole drugs. PMID- 7045985 TI - [Gene duplication and transposition; the gene organization and regulation of the ornithine carbamoyl transferase in E. coli (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045986 TI - [Plastocyanin : its structure and function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7045987 TI - [Peridural morphine in the treatment of postoperative pain (author's transl)]. AB - The action of peridural morphine (1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 mg) as compared to placebo was studied in the patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair or lower extremity surgery under peridural anaesthesia. Morphine produced a dose-dependent intensive and long lasting segmental analgesia which was statistically significantly superior to placebo at all dosages. This action was however accompanied by a high incidence of urine retention and vomiting. We did not find any respiratory or circulatory depression. Nevertheless, it is accentuated that under different clinical conditions this depression might be highly probable. PMID- 7045988 TI - [Cimetidine]. PMID- 7045989 TI - [Rickettsiosis. Presentation of 13 cases]. PMID- 7045990 TI - [Gastrointestinal complications following renal transplant]. PMID- 7045991 TI - [Association of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) with membranous nephropathy in childhood]. PMID- 7045992 TI - [How the 20th century saw the birth and development of a new disease: hiatal hernia]. PMID- 7045993 TI - The pain clinic: a unique new prospect for nurses. PMID- 7045994 TI - [Historical significance of the Bad Aachen medicinal spring for dermato venereology]. PMID- 7045995 TI - [Mercury ointment in Bad Aachen as a former treatment of syphilis]. PMID- 7045996 TI - Development of a laboratory animal model for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. AB - Guinea pigs, gerbils, voles, golden hamsters and Chinese hamsters exposed to experimental infection with Moraxella bovis by ocular instillation or associated routes showed transient infections only and no clinical signs. Five strains of mice were of similarly low susceptibility but another, the C57 Bl strain, was relatively susceptible and treatment with corticosteroid before infection regularly produced keratoconjunctivitis. This system therefore offers a promising model for studies on infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. PMID- 7045997 TI - Fasciola hepatica: antibody coating of juvenile flukes in the intestinal lumen of resistant rats. AB - Newly excysted juvenile Fasciola hepatica, when placed in isolated loops of intestine prepared in previously infected rats, acquired a surface covering of rat immunoglobulin. IgG, IgA, IgE and IgM were all involved. This immunoglobulin coating was sloughed off when the flukes were maintained in vitro for three hours. PMID- 7045998 TI - Presence of serum agglutinins to Campylobacter sputorum subspecies mucosalis in pigs. AB - Pigs affected with intestinal adenomatosis had agglutinating antibodies to Campylobacter sputorum subspecies mucosalis. The titres obtained varied, depending on the strain used as antigen and appeared to rise with the age of the affected animal. Examination of sera from experimental animals showed that pigs between 30 and 77 days old rarely had antibody, even when they had been exposed to infection. Evidence is also presented indicating that the serological response is specific and that in a limited examination of sera derived from pigs at slaughter almost all animals had high levels of antibody. PMID- 7045999 TI - Free and total insulin and nocturnal hyperglycemia in children with long-term insulin-treated diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7046000 TI - [The hypoglycemia test for the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia due to prolactinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046001 TI - [Hybridoma-produced monoclonal antibodies: the most revolutionary technique in immunobiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046002 TI - [Report of activities on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the founding of the Salvador Zubiran National Institute of Nutrition]. PMID- 7046003 TI - [The literary works of Chilean physicians (V)]. PMID- 7046004 TI - [The origin of post-graduate training at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046005 TI - [Histamine and insulin stimulated acid secretion after supraselective vagotomy for duodenal ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046006 TI - [Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema. Report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046007 TI - [Adjuvant endocrine therapy and chemotherapy of breast cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046008 TI - [Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046009 TI - [Intensive chemotherapy and bone marrow autograft in malignant lymphomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046010 TI - [General characteristics of second-generation composite materials]. PMID- 7046011 TI - [Care of burned children]. PMID- 7046012 TI - [Malaria in the municipality of Humaita, State of Amazonas. III - Clinical and developmental aspects]. PMID- 7046013 TI - [Malaria in the municipality of Humaita, State of Amazonas, IV - Seroepidemiological aspects of Plasmodium berghei antigen]. PMID- 7046014 TI - [Malaria in the municipality of Humaita, State of Amazonas. V - Serological aspects of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei antigens]. PMID- 7046015 TI - [Malaria in the municipality of Humaita, State of Amazonas. IX - Incidence of blood group systems in inhabitants of the region and in patients]. PMID- 7046016 TI - [Malaria in the municipality of Humaita, State of Amazonas. XI - Parasitological aspects]. PMID- 7046017 TI - Dietary and drug treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 7046018 TI - Apolipoprotein B measurement in blood spotted on paper (a screening test for familial type II A hyperlipoproteinemia). PMID- 7046019 TI - Luminescence immunoassays of proteins with reference to the quantitation of a human placental function protein HPL. PMID- 7046020 TI - Structure, immunochemical properties and immunoassay of human chorionic gonadotropin. PMID- 7046021 TI - Apolipoprotein C-II and lipoprotein lipase activity. PMID- 7046022 TI - Dynamics of C-apolipoproteins in the enzymatic interconversions of plasma lipoproteins. PMID- 7046023 TI - [The influence of Saint Juan de Dios on nursing]. PMID- 7046024 TI - [Double-blind study of tiapride and placebo in patients with subcontinuous essential headache]. AB - 25 patients with subcontinual primary headache were treated with Tiapride an Placebo in a controlled double-blind study. The duration of trial was 13 weeks. Blood samples were taken to value PRL in 10 patients and in 10 normal subjects. During the pharmacological trial no side-effects appeared. Authors refer results elaborated through statistical examinations. Tiapride is useful to reduce the frequency of the attacks (in 65% of the patients) with percentage of improvement statistically significant in comparison with placebo. Headache index appears influenced although in non statistically significant way. PMID- 7046025 TI - [The present state of the art in diagnosis and therapy of cancer of the breast (author's transl)]. AB - Opinions regarding the best possible treatment of cancer of the breast are more controversial than ever. This article analyses the present state of the art in diagnosis of the carcinoma of the breast on the basis of an extensive review of published literature. The methods are evaluated with regard to their value in early recognition and mass screening. The pros and cons brought forward in the discussion on the optimum treatment of this kind of tumour are described. Since no final judgment can be passed at the present moment, an attempt is made to explain the present state of therapy according to stages as seen from the radiologist's point of view. PMID- 7046026 TI - [Chronic occupational nephropathies]. PMID- 7046027 TI - Incidence of neural tube malformations in Bucharest over 1977-1980. PMID- 7046028 TI - [Diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni by immunofluorescent technic using sporocysts in planorbid tissues]. PMID- 7046029 TI - Cellstat-a continuous culture system of a bacteriophage for the study of the mutation rate and the selection process of the DNA level. PMID- 7046030 TI - Identification of a chemokinetic inhibitor in serum from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - The effects of serum from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CCL) on normal polymorphonuclear leucocyte migration (PMN) were examined by means of the leading front technique, using a modified Boyden chamber. 18 randomly selected patients were studied. 13 patients had a reduced chemokinetic activity. The defective migration was explained by the finding in serum from these patients of cell-directed inhibitory activity which was destroyed by heating (56 degrees C, 30 min). The B-lymphocytes as the origin of the inhibitory activity was suggested by the presence of a similar activity in supernatants from cultured tumour cells. 6 of the 18 patients had the combination of a defective chemokinetic activity and low levels of immunoglobulins. These 6 patients had an increased tendency towards infections. PMID- 7046031 TI - Monocyte-macrophage modulation of T-lymphocyte-derived colony-stimulating activity elaboration in man. AB - To investigate the source and the mechanisms of synergistically enhanced colony stimulating activity elaboration by the coincubated monocyte-macrophages and T lymphocytes, we simultaneously prepared conditioned media both from the coincubated monocyte-macrophages and T lymphocytes (ratio 1:3) in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (1%) or methanol extraction residue of bacillus Calmette Guerin (50 micrograms/ml) and from the isolated T lymphocytes that had been primed with monocyte-macrophages in the presence or absence of phytohemagglutinin or methanol extraction residue of bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Subsequently, colony simulating activity in various conditioned media was assayed using light-density (less than 1.070 g/ml), nonadherent normal human marrow cells. Live monocyte macrophages synergized with and significantly (P less than 0.01) agumented the T lymphocyte-derived colony-stimulating activity elaboration; while killed monocytes-macrophages had no such effect. Similarly, actinomycin D and cycloheximide not only diminished monocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity elaboration but also reduced their synergistic interaction with T lymphocytes and their ability to augment the T lymphocyte-derived colony-stimulating activity elaboration. In contrast, mitomycin C failed to diminish both - monocyte macrophages' ability to synergise with T lymphocytes and also to augment T lymphocyte-derived colony-stimulating activity. These data suggest that monocyte macrophages require an intact transcriptional and translational processes, but not DNA synthesis for synergising with T lymphocytes or for augmenting T lymphocyte colony-stimulating activity elaboration. PMID- 7046032 TI - Impaired proliferative response to B-lymphocyte activators in common variable immunodeficiency. AB - The cell-mediated immune responses of 39 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) were studied in vitro, using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli prepared as whole cells and Candida albicans extract. These microbial activators wee found to require intact B-lymphocyte function for normal proliferative response. The patient group was observed to have significantly depressed lymphocyte responses compared wit those of controls studied in parallel (P less than 0.01). Negative lymphocyte response to one activator and strongly positive response to another were found in individual patients. Examination of patients' lymphocyte response to S. aureus and E. coli in association with serum IgG levels demonstrated that a rough correlation could be drawn, showing that patients with serum IgG less than 125 mg/dl had markedly lower (P less than 0.01) lymphocyte responses than those with serum IgG greater than 300 mg/dl. No similar correlation with phytohaemagglutinin activation was observed. Since depressed lymphocyte responses did not correlate with reduced B-cell number in these patients, intrinsic B-lymphocyte deficiency was indicated. These preparations of microbial activators are potentially useful tools in exploring lymphocyte subpopulation functions in primary immunodeficiency diseases. PMID- 7046033 TI - The cytotoxic effect of mouse macrophages stimulated in vitro by a beta-1,3-D glucan from yeast cell walls. AB - Macrophages stimulated by an insoluble beta-1,3-D-glucan from yeast cell walls were able to destroy tumour cells as measured by the release of radioactive label from prelabelled 14C-thymidine cells. Target cells were B-16 melanoma, P-815 mastocytoma, and the L-929 cell line. A significant target cell killing by macrophages stimulated by glucan was observed after 72-96 h. The cytolysis of L 929 cells was investigated in some detail. No stable soluble cytolytic factor appeared to be released into the medium during the stimulation of macrophages by glucan, since cell-free spent medium had no cytotoxic effect on L-929 cells. The densities of the macrophage monolayers were critical for an effective target cell killing; dense cultures showed more cytotoxicity than less dense cultures. The kinetics of the development of macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity suggests a minimum stimulation period of 4 days for maximal cytolysis. PMID- 7046034 TI - A double-blind cross-over evaluation of ketoprofen and indomethacin in Reiter's disease. AB - A double-blind cross-over study to compare the effect of 200 mg ketoprofen per day with that of 100 mg indomethacin per day was carried out in 50 patients with seronegative polyarthritis associated with Reiter's disease. Treatment was withdrawn in 3 cases, in 2 because of sideeffects due to indomethacin, in one owing to an intercurrent disorder. Treatment was discontinued in 3 other cases because of an exacerbation of the arthritis, in 2 cases during the ketoprofen period and in one during the indomethacin period. In the remaining 44 cases no statistically significant difference was observed between the beneficial effects of ketoprofen and indomethacin on the arthritis during the two 8-week periods of treatment. Initially ketoprofen had a slightly superior effect on pain, while during the second period indomethacin had a better effect on pain, morning stiffness and limitation of joint movement. Ketoprofen caused fewer and less serious sideeffects than indomethacin. PMID- 7046035 TI - Functional characteristics of synovial fluid and blood mononuclear cells in rheumatoid arthritis and traumatic synovitis. AB - The activity of blood mononuclear cells (BMC) and synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SMC) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and traumatic synovitis (TS) was assessed by means of [14C]thymidine incorporation and production of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF). When compared with normal controls, spontaneous LIF production by BMC was found in 5 of 9 TS patients, whereas spontaneous LIF production by rheumatoid arthritis BMC and by SMC from both patient groups was infrequently seen. ConA-induced LIF production by BMC and SMC from both patient groups did not differ significantly from that of normal controls. Thymidine incorporation by unstimulated SMC and BMC was low in both patient groups. After stimulation with polyclonal activators, SMC showed significantly reduced proliferation in comparison with BMC, but the responses to microbial antigens were equal to or higher than those of BMC. The proliferative responses of stimulated SMC from TS patients were higher than the responses displayed by stimulated SMC from RA patients. PMID- 7046036 TI - [Materials for individual impression trays]. PMID- 7046037 TI - [Salt iodization as a forerunner of salt fluoridation]. PMID- 7046038 TI - [Metabolism of fluorides]. PMID- 7046039 TI - [On the 100th anniversary of the death of David von Niederauser]. PMID- 7046040 TI - [Rudolf Zangger, Director of the Zurich Veterinary School (26 November 1826-6 March 1882)]. PMID- 7046041 TI - [Recent advances of the investigations on regulation of body fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046042 TI - [Some new trends in complement system research (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046043 TI - [The inhibitory regulation of gastric acid secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046044 TI - The metabolic response to injury and other related explorations in the field of protein metabolism: an autobiographical account. PMID- 7046045 TI - Some medical aspects of the Darien scheme: was it dengue? PMID- 7046046 TI - Purinergic regulation of food intake. AB - Inosine peripherally administered to rats markedly suppressed spontaneous food intake and food intake induced by diazepam, muscimol, insulin, and food deprivation. The purines 2-deoxyguanosine and 2-deoxyinosine also suppressed food deprivation-induced feeding, whereas 7-methylinosine, which does not bind to the benzodiazepine binding site in vitro, had no effect on food intake when compared with controls. These results suggest that purines may represent endogenous substances that regulate food intake through interactions with the benzodiazepine receptor. PMID- 7046047 TI - Cardiovascular research: decades of progress, a decade of promise. AB - Mortality due to cardiovascular diseases has decreased more than 30 percent in the last 30 years, and this decline has accelerated so much that over 60 percent of it has occurred between 1970 and 1980. The past and present contributions of advances in cardiovascular research to this decline are reviewed. Although three have been significant research accomplishments, too many people still die of heart and blood vessel diseases. Continued emphasis must be placed on research in the areas of etiology and pathogenesis, on validating potentially beneficial research hypotheses, and on the translation and dissemination of research results to the health care practitioner and the public. Only then can our long-term goal, the prevention of cardiovascular disease, be fully realized. PMID- 7046048 TI - Transplantation of leukemic bone marrow treated with cytotoxic antileukemic antibodies and complement. AB - The ability of antiserum against murine L1210 leukemia to remove residual leukemia cells from murine bone marrow was investigated. Leukemic marrow was treated in vitro with antiserum and complement and used to hematologically reconstitute mice that had been irradiated with doses lethal to bone marrow. Following infusion of treated leukemic marrow, normal marrow returned without evidence of leukemia. More than 90 percent of the animals have survived for 11 months without untoward effects, suggesting that the technique may be of use in the treatment of acute leukemia in humans. PMID- 7046049 TI - FDA to reexamine bendectin data. PMID- 7046050 TI - Lethal disruption of the yeast actin gene by integrative DNA transformation. AB - A mutant allele of the chromosomal locus corresponding to the cloned actin gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been constructed by DNA transformation with a hybrid plasmid which integrates into, and thereby disrupts, the protein encoding sequences of the gene. In a diploid strain of yeast, disruption of the actin gene on one chromosome results in a mutation that segregates as a recessive lethal tightly linked to a selectable genetic marker on the integrated plasmid. The actin gene, therefore, must encode an essential function for yeast cell growth. PMID- 7046051 TI - The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction. AB - Biochemical, electrophysiological, and pharmacological evidence supporting a role for cholinergic dysfunction in age-related memory disturbances is critically reviewed. An attempt has been made to identify pseudoissues, resolve certain controversies, and clarify misconceptions that have occurred in the literature. Significant cholinergic dysfunctions occur in the aged and demented central nervous system, relationships between these changes and loss of memory exist, similar memory deficits can be artificially induced by blocking cholinergic mechanisms in young subjects, and under certain tightly controlled conditions reliable memory improvements in aged subjects can be achieved after cholinergic stimulation. Conventional attempts to reduce memory impairments in clinical trials hav not been therapeutically successful, however. Possible explanations for these disappointments are given and directions for future laboratory and clinical studies are suggested. PMID- 7046052 TI - Sugar and dental caries: a review of human studies. AB - Studies of special population groups, epidemiological surveys, controlled longitudinal studies of humans, and longitudinal studies on the effect of sugar substitutes indicate that frequent or high intake of sugary foods predisposes to dental decay. The relation is not always clear-cut, and most studies have important methodological problems and limitations. Longitudinal measurements of caries increments combined with multiple dietary histories are needed to clarity the association between caries and eating habits. The relative cariogenicity of specific foods can be assessed by a combination of in vitro tests, human in vivo tests, and experimental caries in animals. Human diets, however, vary in food items eaten and the frequency and sequence of eating, and these factors can affect the cariogenicity of a food. Therefore, reported correlations must be interpreted with caution. PMID- 7046053 TI - Tumor cell-platelet aggregation: induced by cathepsin B-like proteinase and inhibited by prostacyclin. AB - The ability of tumor cells to metastasize may be related to their ability to promote aggregation of host platelets. The use of inhibitors of cysteine proteinases resulted in parallel inhibition of B16 amelanotic melanoma-induced platelet aggregation and of a cathepsin B activity. The antimetastatic agent prostacyclin inhibited platelet aggregation induced by the tumor cells and by papain, a cathepsin B-mimicking agent. PMID- 7046054 TI - Information services. PMID- 7046055 TI - The National Cancer Chemotherapy Program. AB - The National Cancer Chemotherapy Program was initiated in 1955. It is administered and integrated by the Division of Cancer Treatment at the National Cancer Institute. The program involves the discovery and development of potential new antitumor agents; their screening in preclinical experimental systems for antitumor effect, and, if active, for toxicology; and, for selected agents, preliminary, and more definitive clinical trials. While serendipity and empiricism played a substantial role in the early years of the program, the program has increasingly emphasized and been influenced by advances in tumor biology, drug development, clinical pharmacology, and the science of clinical trials. There has been effective interaction between investigator-initiated research on the one hand and developmental research at preclinical and clinical levels on the other. Over 30 chemotherapeutic agents with substantial clinical antitumor activity have been discovered, and their proper use, often in combination and often integrated with surgery or radiotherapy, has resulted in significant progress in the effective treatment of many forms of cancer. PMID- 7046056 TI - Butler leaving institute on aging. PMID- 7046057 TI - In-vitro studies of malabsorption and other GI disorders. PMID- 7046058 TI - The role of radionuclide studies in pediatric gastrointestinal disorders. AB - Radionuclide techniques are currently used to fully evaluate many congenital and acquired abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract of children. Frequently, the anatomic and functional data provided by the nuclear examination are definitive. In the study of many disease entities, tracer techniques have replaced more cumbersome or invasive procedures. Although the radiopharmaceuticals and instrumentation are similar as applied to both children and adults, the uniqueness of children and their disease entities requires special consideration when performing and interpreting their studies. In this review, the principle radionuclide examinations used in the evaluation of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders are detailed and examples are illustrated. PMID- 7046060 TI - Some considerations of pre-prosthetic surgery. PMID- 7046059 TI - Drug-induced changes in the biologic distribution of radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 7046061 TI - An investigation into the marginal fit of full gold crowns. PMID- 7046062 TI - Acute rejection and steroid dosage in renal transplantation. PMID- 7046063 TI - The relevance of the history of medicine to an understanding of current change: some comments from the domain of antenatal care. PMID- 7046064 TI - [Pulmonary tuberculosis in adults]. PMID- 7046065 TI - Clonidine hydrochloride. AB - Clonidine hydrochloride (Catapres), a potent antihypertensive agent, has been in clinical use since 1974 in the United States. Clonidine, an alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist, stimulates central alpha receptors in the depressor site of the vasomotor center of the medulla oblongata and hypothalamus, which diminishes efferent sympathetic tone to the heart, kidneys, and peripheral vasculature with a concomitant increase in vagal activity. Hemodynamic and renal effects include reduction in supine and erect blood pressure, heart rate, total peripheral resistance, plasma renin activity, and urinary aldosterone and catecholamine excretion, with little effect on resting cardiac output, response to exercise, and preservation of renal function. Clonidine alone produces a significant reduction in mean arterial pressure in all degrees of hypertension during acute and chronic administration, with little or no tendency toward tolerance or postural hypotension. Its antihypertensive potency is enhanced with the concomitant use of a diuretic or vasodilator, and it may be used in place of a beta blocker with equal efficacy in the diuretic plus vasodilator combination. Serious adverse effects are uncommon, with more than 93% of patients tolerating the drug well. Sedation and dry mouth, the most common adverse effects, are usually related to dose and duration and are minimized by gradually increasing the dose and by taking the major portion of the twice-daily schedule at bedtime. Clonidine may be safely given to patients with congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, obstructive lung disease, chronic renal insufficiency, and diabetes mellitus. Clonidine is one of the most versatile and effective agents presently available for the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7046066 TI - Saturday conference: steroid withdrawal syndromes. PMID- 7046067 TI - Transient heart disease in the newborn. PMID- 7046068 TI - Biblical leprosy as compared to present-day leprosy. PMID- 7046069 TI - Group A streptococcal empyema complicating Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. PMID- 7046070 TI - Neck abscess caused by Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 7046071 TI - An indirect hemagglutination test for streptococcal infection. PMID- 7046072 TI - Serum microfilarial antibody titres before and after treatment of bancroftian microfilaraemia with diethylcarbamazine. AB - Eight Filipino patients with Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia were treated with diethylcarbamazine. The intensity of microfilaraemia and titre of microfilarial agglutinating antibodies were measured over the ensuing six weeks. Nuclepore filtration of blood indicated clearing of microfilaraemia in five patients and a reduction in numbers in the other three. Several patterns of antibody response were observed. Five patients had high initial antibody titres; they did not change significantly after diethylcarbamazine therapy. Antibody was not detectable before treatment in three patients; elimination of microfilaraemia was associated with the appearance of antibody in two of the subjects, while microfilariae were not totally cleared and antibodies never appeared in the third patient. This study confirms that diethylcarbamazine is not always successful in the treatment of bancroftian microfilaraemia. It is consistent with, but does not prove, the hypothesis that the presence or absence of microfilariae and microfilarial antibodies depends upon the relative release of microfilariae into the bloodstream and the rate of synthesis of microfilarial antibodies. PMID- 7046073 TI - Detection of circulating antigens and immune complexes in feline and human lymphatic filariasis. AB - Circulating worm antigens were detected in 61% to 81% of sera from Brugia pahangi -infected cats and in 0-93% of sera from humans with malayan of bancroftian filariasis by counter immunoelectrophoresis and a double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, using rabbit antisera to B. pahangi adult worms. In some situations, both antigen tests were as sensitive as antibody tests. However, ELISA was likely to be affected by the presence of antiglobulins, such as rheumatoid factor, in the test sera. Only 10% to 22% of B. pahangi-infected cats (treated with drugs or not) had circulating immune complexes by the conglutinin binding assay and no sera were positive by C1q-BA. A significantly higher percentage (56%) of B. malayi clinical sera was positive for immune complexes by either C1q- or conglutinin- binding assays as compared to other groups of B. malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti sera (6% to 14%). PMID- 7046074 TI - Simultaneous preparation of merozoites and concentrated schizonts of Plasmodium falciparum. AB - A technique has been described for a simultaneous preparation of merozoites and concentrated schizonts. The merozoites were harvested after high speed centrifugation of either the supernatant of the low speed centrifugation of the Plasmodium culture or the portion floated in physiogel. The concentrated schizonts were prepared by physiogel floatation technique followed by differential centrifugation in 50% percoll. An average of 56% of parasitized red cells were obtained, of which 64% were schizonts. Concentration of trophozoites and schizonts was 9.5 fold. PMID- 7046075 TI - Treatment of taeniasis with Puag-Haad: a crude extract of Artocarpus lakoocha wood. AB - Thirty-nine patients with tapeworm infection were treated with five grams of crude aqueous extract of Artocarpus lakoocha wood, "Puag-Haad". Seven of them vomited the drug immediately. Of the 32 patients, segments with scolices of Taenia saginata and of Taenia solium were recovered from 24 and 2 patients respectively. The side effects were vomiting and nausea. PMID- 7046076 TI - The susceptibility of leaf monkeys to bancroftian filariasis in Thailand. PMID- 7046077 TI - Comparison between enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) test in the diagnosis of syphilis. PMID- 7046078 TI - [An important stage in the development of Soviet health service planning]. PMID- 7046079 TI - [Scientific contacts of Robert Koch and his school with Russian researchers]. PMID- 7046080 TI - [S. G. Mett (120th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7046081 TI - [Problems in foreign medical sociology]. PMID- 7046082 TI - [Role of the history of medicine in the deontological training of medical workers]. PMID- 7046083 TI - [Development of medicine at Vilna University (on the 200th anniversary of higher medical education in Lithuania)]. PMID- 7046084 TI - [History of Russian-German medical relations]. PMID- 7046085 TI - [V. N. Tatishchev and public health in Astrakhan Province]. PMID- 7046086 TI - Spinal instrumentation and fusion for idiopathic scoliosis in a renal-transplant patient: a case report. PMID- 7046087 TI - [Present status of the use of contrast media in cholecystography]. PMID- 7046088 TI - ["Contrast medium arachnitis' following lumbosacral myelography with water soluble contrast media]. PMID- 7046089 TI - [Anniversary of Dr. Hoder]. PMID- 7046090 TI - [Transplantation of the pancreas]. PMID- 7046091 TI - [A double-blind multi-center clinical trial of benoxaprofen against indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046092 TI - Amoxapine in the treatment of depression. A clinical evaluation in ambulant patients. AB - Amoxapine (Demolox; Lederle), an antidepressive agent, was administered to 24 patients suffering from pathological depression in an open uncontrolled single blind study. The dosage ranged from 75 to 150 mg/d. Four patients dropped out of the study owing to side-effects and 1 because of rapid improvement. The 19 showed a marked improvement and experienced no side-effects. There were firm indications that improvement can be expected within 7 days. PMID- 7046093 TI - Conservative management of blunt chest trauma. AB - Conservative management of blunt chest trauma reduces morbidity in selected patients. We present a retrospective analysis of 50 patients with blunt chest trauma who were treated in the Respiratory Unit of Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, during 1980. Conservative management was not possible in 21 patients because of severe associated injuries. The remaining 29 patients were treated either with continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) by face-mask and thoracic extradural analgesia. The conservatively treated patients spent less time in the Intensive Care Unit and had fewer complications. Thoracic extradural analgesia provides optimal pain relief with resultant increase in vital capacity and an improvement in arterial blood gas levels. Current management of blunt chest trauma is directed at early withdrawal of continuous ventilatory support as soon as this can be replaced either with thoracic extradural analgesia and CPAP by mask, or with CPAP by mask alone. PMID- 7046094 TI - Coronary heart disease risk factors in black and white man in zimbabwe and the effect of living standards. AB - Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor levels in a cross-section of 283 Blacks and 109 Whites are described. Ten CHD risk factors were studied: age, serum cholesterol level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, body mass index, physical unfitness, and serum glucose, insulin and uric acid levels. The Blacks were stratified by income and education as well as by occupation using a method developed for that purpose. Seventy-one Blacks had similar occupations to those of the Whites. The results described how the CHD risk factors are affected by changes in the living standards of Blacks and the extent to which concentrations and interactions differ between Blacks and Whites in similar employment. Among Black subjects the serum cholesterol level and systolic blood pressure increase with age in the upper but not the lower occupational groups, suggesting a possible Black community threshold related to living standards. PMID- 7046095 TI - What was Charles Darwin's illness? PMID- 7046096 TI - Radionuclide exercise ventriculography and levels of workload. AB - The wealth of useful information made available from the utilization of radionuclide cardiological investigations by non-invasive means is outlined and reasons for investigating results obtained under conditions of increased heart workload are explained. The lack of an accepted protocol for the determination of exercise levels is noted. A format for obtaining increasing heart loads dependent on increasing pulse rate is offered, with justification. Exercise radionuclide ventriculography examinations can be conducted which are simple, reproducible and allow appropriate levels of stress in patients who can benefit from such investigations. PMID- 7046097 TI - A genetic Odyssey. PMID- 7046098 TI - Pirenzepine, cimetidine and placebo in the long-term treatment of duodenal ulceration. A comparative study. AB - Sixty patients with endoscopically proven healed duodenal ulcers were treated for a year with either pirenzepine (Gastrozepin; Boehringer Ingelheim) 100 mg daily, cimetidine 400 mg at night, or placebo, The monthly relapse rate (patients per month) in the first 3 months (pirenzepine 2,3, cimetidine 2,3, placebo 3,0) and in the next 9 months (pirenzepine 0,33, cimetidine 0,44, placebo 0,56) is lower for pirenzepine and cimetidine than for placebo. This trend is in favour of pirenzepine and cimetidine as effective means of keeping duodenal ulcers in remission. Asymptomatic relapses were also less common with pirenzepine (50%) and cimetidine (45%) than with placebo (64%). No serious side-effects of pirenzepine were observed during the trail. PMID- 7046099 TI - Brain development and the phylogenesis of writing and drawing direction. PMID- 7046100 TI - Primary aldosteronism and its importance to the anaesthetist. AB - Metabolic and biochemical studies of primary aldosteronism have led to major contributions to our understanding of the metabolic effects of mineralocorticoids and the control of aldosterone in man. Our current understanding of the syndrome and the progress that has been made in its differential diagnosis, its classification into various types and the localization and lateralization of a unilateral adenoma are reviewed. The perioperative anaesthetic management is presented and specific problems of importance to the anaesthetist are discussed. PMID- 7046101 TI - Measles mortality and ethnic groups. AB - Measles is a relatively unusual disease in that the fatality rate is very low in modern Western populations, while in 'virgin soil'--isolated populations of other races or ethnic groups--mortality rates may exceed 25%. Possible explanations for this difference are examined, including genetics, culture, epidemiology and malnutrition. All four factors, especially differences in nutritional state and in culture, might have a significant effect in increasing mortality rates for measles in Black Africans. The cultural milieu can be exceedingly influential and must not be overlooked by doctors treating Black patients. PMID- 7046102 TI - Effect of drinking bottled beer on plasma insulin and glucose responses in normal subjects. AB - Alcohol may provoke reactive hypoglycaemia when drunk with a sucrose mixer ('gin and tonic') but does not do so when taken in the form of a starch-based beverage like sorghum beer. We examined the hypoglycaemic potential of bottled beer (Lion Lager; South African Breweries), which differs from sorghum beer in that it contains less carbohydrate (polysaccharides and simple sugars) and has a higher alcohol content. After an overnight fast 5 Black men each drank 2 litres of Lion Lager over an hour. Over the ensuing 5 hours their plasma insulin, glucose and alcohol concentrations were compared with the responses previously documented before and after consuming the same volume of sorghum beer or a 100 g control carbohydrate solution. Bottled beer elicited a prompt but short-lived rise in plasma insulin (mean +/- SEM, 37 +/- 7 mU/l at 1 hour), which was significantly greater than that produced by sorghum beer but less sustained than after drinking the control carbohydrate solution. After drinking bottled beer plasma glucose levels fell to a mean nadir of 3,6 mmol/l at 2 hours (compared with 5,4 mmol/l for sorghum beer), thereafter slowly returning to the basal value, while a substantial rise in the blood alcohol concentration occurred. We conclude that the development of alcohol-induced reactive hypoglycaemia is largely determined by the nature of the carbohydrate ingested together with alcohol. PMID- 7046103 TI - The protective effect of clavulanic acid in a combined formulation on the concentration of amoxycillin in the urine of patients with urinary tract infections. AB - Three paraplegic patients with urinary tract infections caused by a beta lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were treated with a combination of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid (A-CA) (Augmentin; Beecham), after initial and unsuccessful therapy with amoxycillin alone. The administration of A-CA resulted in a rapid decrease in the urinary bacterial cell count, coupled with a dramatic increase in urinary amoxycillin concentrations. PMID- 7046104 TI - Efficacy and tolerability of an amoxycillin/clavulanic acid combination in the treatment of common bacterial infections. A general practitioner trial. AB - The efficacy and tolerability of a combination of amoxycillin 250 mg and clavulanic acid 125 mg (A-CA) (Augmentin; Beecham) was evaluated under general practice conditions. One hundred and sixty-four patients were treated with either A-CA tablets or amoxycillin 250 mg capsules, taken 3 times daily for 7 days at the start of a meal. Ten patients with treatment failure on amoxycillin were re treated with A-CA. In the initial stage of the trial 102 patients were randomly allocated to either amoxycillin or A-CA treatment; of these 89 could be assessed clinically and 63 could be assessed bacteriologically, of whom 32 had received amoxycillin and 31 A-CA treatment. Subsequently a further 62 patients were treated with A-CA; 50 were assessed clinically and 40 bacteriologically. Bacteriological assessment was possible in 109 patients, 71 on A-CA, 32 on amoxycillin, and 6 who received A-CA after having failed on amoxycillin treatment. In this study A-CA was bacteriologically significantly superior to amoxycillin in treating urinary tract infections (P less than 0,024), skin and soft tissue infections (P less than 0.05) and all infections caused by amoxycillin-resistant organisms (P less than 0.013). No difference was shown in infections caused by amoxycillin-sensitive organisms. Side-effects most commonly associated with A-CA treatment were gastro-intestinal (6,7%) and consisted of nausea and diarrhoea. This trial has a special significance for general practitioners in that it shows a high incidence of penicillin-resistant organisms (51%). This observation, as yet limited to one area in South Africa, has wide implications for general practice management of infections. PMID- 7046105 TI - Drug-resistant malaria in Africa. A case report and review of the problem and treatment. AB - A case of Plasmodium falciparum malaria resistant to chloroquine occurring in a patient taking Fansidar (a combination of pyrimethamine and sulphadoxine) regularly as prophylaxis is reported. It seems likely that the malaria infection was acquired in Tanzania. It is probable that more such cases will be seen, and complacency regarding the emergence of drug-resistant P. falciparum malaria should be guarded against. It is predicted that chloroquine and Fansidar resistance will be increasingly found in a wider area of Africa, including South Africa. A brief review of drug-resistant P. falciparum malaria is presented and alternative therapy discussed. PMID- 7046106 TI - V. I. Lenin and public health. PMID- 7046107 TI - [Psychosociologic approach to attempted suicide]. PMID- 7046108 TI - [Status and further tasks of physical therapy in Berlin--capital of East Germany]. PMID- 7046109 TI - Management of femoral pseudoaneurysms. PMID- 7046110 TI - Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 7046111 TI - Harvey Cushing and the Oxford connection. AB - Without apparently relaxing or detracting from his full clinical routine, Cushing was able, throughout his career, to cater to a panoply of interests. In an age when travel was, presumably, slower by ship and by train, his journeys across the ocean to Europe and the British Isles were legion. Primarily because of his relationship with Osler, then Sherrington, Cairns and his other friends, Oxford became an often visited and cherished place. The award of an honorary degree and final tribute from colleagues, admirers and students seemed a fitting climax to Cushing's connection with that city and its ancient university. Such a connection, enhanced by his students, his writings, his scholarship and his bibiliographies, became a natural extension of his personality. PMID- 7046112 TI - The transpubic approach in the management of problems of the lower genitourinary and intestinal tracts. PMID- 7046113 TI - The influence of Harvey Cushing on British and European neurosurgery. PMID- 7046114 TI - Major reviews, chronological list, 1968-1982. PMID- 7046115 TI - Angioid streaks. AB - Angioid streaks are often associated with a systemic condition, most frequently pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Paget's disease of the bone, or one of the sickle hemoglobinopathies. The clinical manifestations of angioid streaks and those three systemic conditions are reviewed. A diagnostic survey is suggested for patients discovered to have angioid streaks with no known systemic disease. The results of such a survey in 50 patients are presented. In addition, separate studies of patients with Paget's disease of the bone (50 patients) and of the sickle hemoglobinopathies (100 patients) are described, and the characteristics of patients with angioid streaks as well as the incidence of streaks in these conditions is reviewed. The histopathologic and fluorescein angiographic characteristics of angioid streaks, as well as the possible benefit of photocoagulation for complications of angioid streaks is discussed. PMID- 7046116 TI - Current status of biomaterials in ophthalmology. AB - The artificial materials currently used in ophthalmology are reviewed. Those include poly(methyl methacrylate) in contact lenses, keratoprostheses, and intraocular lenses; cellulose acetate butyrate and the siloxane-containing polymethacrylates in contact lenses; the silicones in contact lenses, scleral buckling materials, and drainage implants in glaucoma; the hydrogels for contact lenses and retinal surgery implants; and the cyanoacrylate adhesives for corneal perforations and ulcers. The properties of the materials and their relationship to ocular tissues, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of their use in the eye are discussed. Probable future advances of biomaterials in ophthalmology are also discussed. PMID- 7046117 TI - A personal sketch of Professor Anton Elschnig. PMID- 7046118 TI - Fluorescein. Physiochemical factors affecting its fluorescence. AB - Fluorescein's property of fluorescence is reviewed. Of the many factors which affect its fluorescence, concentration is probably the most important and it best explains why leaking aqueous turns fluorescein bright green during Seidel's test. The intensity and pattern of fluorescein staining of corneal lesions is probably due to the concentration and distribution of fluorescein in the cornea. The concentration of fluorescein achieved in the retinal blood vessels during fluorescein angiography affects its fluorescence. PMID- 7046120 TI - Vasculogenic impotence after renal transplantation. PMID- 7046119 TI - Myocardial protection with prostacyclin after lethal endotoxemia. AB - A previous study of endotoxemia in dogs demonstrated that exogenous prostacyclin (PGI2), normally a product of vascular endothelium, restored the cardiac index to normal and improved survival. To account for these results, a study was undertaken to test whether PGI2 would alter isolated rat or dog cardiac mitochondrial function following incubation with plasma from endotoxemic animals. A group of five animals served as anesthetized controls. A second group of seven mongrel dogs was given 1.75 mg Escherichia coli endotoxin/kg and was observed for 5 hours without treatment. Anesthesia did not alter cardiopulmonary function; however, 30 minutes after endotoxin administration, the cardiac index decreased from 148 +/- 25 (mean +/- SD) to 111 +/- 12 ml/kg . min (P less than 0.05) and further decreased to 89 +/- 20 ml/kg . min after 4 hours. Dog plasma obtained 2 to 5 hours after endotoxin infusion, incubated with rat or dog myocardial mitochondria, decreased succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity (P less than 0.05) and depressed mitochondrial respiration in the presence of the substrate succinate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) from 180 to 87 Natoms oxygen/mg protein . min (P less than 0.05). There was no change in oxygen consumption when substrate alone was present, nor did plasma alter the amount of ADP phosphorylation as a function of oxygen consumption. A third group of seven animals, 30 minutes after administration of 1.75 mg endotoxin/kg, was treated with 100 ng/kg . min PGI2 for 3 hours. PGI2 infusion in this group prevented the decrease in cardiac index. Plasma obtained during and after PGI2 infusion did not decrease mitochondrial SDH activity, which remained higher than that in controls (P less than 0.001); mitochondrial respiration was also not altered. A correlation was observed between cardiac index and SDH activity (r = 0.58, P less than 0.001) and between cardiac index and mitochondrial respiration (r = 0.61, P less than 0.001). In PGI2-treated dogs cardiac mitochondria were functionally and structurally normal in contrast to the depression and disruption produced by endotoxemia, as observed by enzymatic assay as well as electron microscopy. These results suggest that endotoxemia depresses cardiac mitochondrial respiration, an event related to the decrease in cardiac index. In contrast, cardiac function and mitochondrial respiration are maintained with PGI2 treatment. PMID- 7046121 TI - Donor pretreatment-mediated and cold storage-dependent proximal tubular necrosis- a unique form of acute renal insufficiency. AB - After a 5-hour period of donor pretreatment with cyclophosphamide (CY) and methylprednisolone (P) (100 mg/kg each), cold storage of pretreated canine renal allografts may cause early and severe postoperative renal insufficiency. This renal insufficiency is mediated by CY metabolites and depends on the number of hours of cold storage, for severe renal insufficiency is not observed after 6 hours of cold storage but is invariably present after cold storage beyond 18 hours. The renal insufficiency is associated with coagulation necrosis of the proximal tubules, particularly the pars recta. Since the repair of ischemia medicated proximal tubular lesions requires mitotic activity, results suggest that the proximal tubules of donor pretreated kidneys are subjected to a concentration of CY metabolites sufficient to cause an extent of DNA damage that, in the absence of a sufficient time for nuclear repair, inevitably leads to cell death and renal insufficiency when the tubular cells are driven to mitosis by cold storage-mediated ischemia. PMID- 7046122 TI - Prostaglandin mediation of unstable hemodynamics during lung perfusion. AB - Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) leads to a fall in both mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO). This study tests the hypothesis that humoral factors, particularly prostanoids, are important mediators of these events. A support dog was used for ex vivo perfusion of an isolated left lung lobe (LLL) at a fixed flow. In group I (n = 10) an isolated, isovolumetrically contracting dog heart was placed in circuit between the support dog and LLL. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg) was used to pretreat the support dogs and LLL donors of group II (n = 9); support dogs of group III (n = 5); and LLL donors of group IV (n = 4). This cyclooxygenase inhibitor was not used for groups I or V (n = 14). The last two groups were similar except that a heart was not included in the circuit of group V. In group V lobe perfusion during simple inspiratory mechanical ventilation led to decreases in support dog MAP from 141 +/- 3 to 118 +/- 15 mm Hg (P less than 0.01) and CO from 4.0 +/- 0.9 to 2.8 +/- 0.8 L/min (P less than 0.01). Application of PEEP further reduced MAP and CO (P less than 0.01). In the perfused isolated hearts of group I, Starling curves were shifted downward during PEEP at five of six left ventricular balloon volumes tested. In groups II and III MAP and CO were unchanged with mechanical ventilation or PEEP and were higher than groups I or V (P less than 0.05). Radioimmunoassay of the stable degradation products of prostacyclin and thromboxane (Tx) A2 demonstrated low concentrations of these prostanoids in support dogs of group III as compared with group V (P less than 0.05). Blocking the LLL donor dog (group IV) produced hemodynamic results and prostanoid concentrations intermediate between groups I and V. The results show that mechanical ventilation and PEEP can cause a circulating agent(s) to be released that results in a decline in MAP and CO. This is prevented with indomethacin. PMID- 7046124 TI - [Small dip for people in captivity (Alexander Podrabinek)]. PMID- 7046123 TI - Histologic and hemodynamic effects of prostacyclin and prostaglandin E1 following oleic acid infusion. AB - The hemodynamic and histologic effects of exogenous prostacyclin (PGI2) and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on oleic acid-induced acute respiratory failure were investigated. Adult mongrel dogs infused with oleic acid were treated with saline solution, PGE1, and PGI2. Significantly lowered blood pressure, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, and arteriovenous oxygen difference and preservation of preoleic cardiac output were observed in the pGI2 group. Compared with the saline group, only the arteriovenous oxygen difference was improved with PGE1. Light microscopy revealed acute edema and inflammation in the saline- and PGE1-treated lungs. Histologic specimens in the PGI2 group were normal. PMID- 7046125 TI - [Protracted pneumonia as a pulmonological problem]. PMID- 7046126 TI - [Vladimir Nikitich Vinogradov (on the centennial of his birth)]. PMID- 7046127 TI - [Drug therapy of coronary heart disease with nitrisken retard]. PMID- 7046128 TI - [Results of clinical trials with the new prostaglandin E2-derivative Nalador (sulproston)]. PMID- 7046129 TI - [The cutaneous diseases induced or precipitated by sunlight (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046130 TI - [Exogenic photodermatoses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046131 TI - Distribution of fibronectin on peripheral blood cells in freshly clotted blood. PMID- 7046132 TI - [Ventilation of newborn infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 7046133 TI - The influence of HLA-A, B compatibility on the outcome of cadaver renal transplantation in Stockholm during 1970-1980. AB - The influence of HLA-A, B-matching on the results of 362 cadaver renal transplantations was analyzed. Of these, 34 of the patients had diabetes and 105 were 55 years old or more. The case material was divided into groups, based on the number of HLA-A, B incompatibilities. The occurrence of factors having a possible bearing on kidney graft survival was determined in each match group. It was found that several of these factors, such as the immunosuppressive agents given and the number of high-risk patients, were unequally distributed in the various groups. This may be related to changes in policy that have occurred since the transplant unit was moved to Huddinge Hospital in November 1973. In order to obtain homogeneous case material, the Huddinge series was analyzed separately. A significant difference in survival was found in both materials between transplants with 2 or less incompatibilities and those with more than 2 incompatibilities. A significant difference in patient survival between these two groups was found in the total case material. PMID- 7046134 TI - The influence of HLA-DR match on the outcome of cadaver renal transplantation in Stockholm during 1977-1980. AB - The influence of HLA-DR match grade on graft and on patient survival was analyzed in 124 recipients of cadaver kidneys who were treated in Stockholm between January 1977 and September 1980. The material consisted of 72 males and 52 females, with a mean age of 49 years. There were 34 re-transplantations. Eighteen of the recipients had diabetes. Sera against the HLA-DR antigens 1-4, 7 and DRw8 were available throughout. During recent years, DR5 sera were also used. The case material was analyzed as to the number of DR antigens shared or to the number of DR incompatibilities between the donor and the recipient. A significant improvement in graft survival rate was found for transplants sharing one HLA-DR antigen as compared with those sharing none. As far as incompatibilities are concerned, a significant difference was found between transplants with no incompatibilities and those with two. The HLA-A, B incompatibilities were evenly distributed throughout the various groups and thus should not have introduced a bias in the interpretation of the influence of HLA-DR match. We conclude that HLA DR matching has a very beneficial effect on the graft survival rate and we shall in future try to obtain the best possible match when selecting recipients for cadaver kidney transplantation. PMID- 7046135 TI - Anti-erythrocyte antibodies, leukocytotoxins and human renal allograft survival. AB - ABO blood group compatibility is generally required for successful human kidney transplants and new data suggest donor-recipient incompatibility for the Lewis or multiple minor blood groups is detrimental. This is of special importance in the setting of liberal transfusions prior to transplant. To assess the impact of immunizing exposure to disparate blood groups of ABO-matched transfusions and kidney transplants, we studied the interrelationships of anti-erythrocyte antibodies, leukocytotoxins and graft survival in 42 kidney transplant recipients. Three hundred forty-four sera were screened for anti-erythrocyte antibodies using standard hemagglutination techniques and leukocytotoxins, using the antiglobulin method. Statistical analysis by computer used a 2 x 2 x 2 contingency table with model fitting. Only 13 of 42 patients had anti-erythrocyte antibodies at some time: anti-I (4); anti-Kell (1); cold panagglutinin (7); unidentifiable agglutinin (1). Of 42 patients, 16 had no detectable leukocytotoxins. By computer analysis, immunizations to blood group and HLA antigens were independent phenomena. Analysis showed that leukocytotoxins, but not anti-erythrocyte antibodies, were associated with poor graft survival. A computer generated probability of graft survival by antibody status is presented. We conclude that immunization to blood group antigens is not common, is largely non-specific, and is not detrimental to kidney graft survival. PMID- 7046136 TI - The lipid solubility of fixative, staining and embedding media, and the introduction of LX-112 and poly/bed-812 as dehydrants for epoxy resin embedment. AB - The manufacture of Shell, Epon-812 (E-812) resin has recently been discontinued. E-812 and two newly introduced E-812 substitutes, and Ladd-112 (LX-112) and the Polysciences, Poly/bed-812 (PB-812) resins, were studied biochemically and morphologically for their effectiveness as polar dehydrants. Their technical properties as general E-812 replacements were also explored. In the biochemical studies, acetone was more effective in retaining lung phospholipid components than ethanol, the resin dehydration was more effective than either acetone or ethanol. There was no appreciable difference in lipid solubility among the three resins. Acetone and uranyl magnesium acetate each had a loosening effect on previously fixed phospholipids. The PB-812 and E-812 resin dehydrated blocks of dense animal tissues, demonstrated serious technical difficulties during sectioning. The L-112 resin substitute, due to its low viscosity and improved infiltration, was found to be technically as effective a dehydrant as ethanol or acetone. None of the three resins was successful as dehydrating agents for the plant tissue. With organic solvent dehydration, both epoxy resin substitutes demonstrated excellent embedment properties with both animal and plant tissues. PMID- 7046137 TI - Carcinogenicity and toxicity of 1,2-dibromoethane in the rat. PMID- 7046138 TI - Mutagenicity of some indoles and related compounds in the Ames test. AB - A series of indole derivatives and some analogues were tested for mutagenic activity using a histidine-requiring mutant of Salmonella typhimurium (TA 98). Quantitative tests were performed with and without addition of a liver fraction (S-9) from rats induced with Aroclor 1254. Three compounds, 2,3-dimethylindole, 2,3,5-trimethylindole and 2,3,6-trimethylindole, showed a mutagenic effect which was not increased on metabolic activation. The influence on the mutagenic activity of the number and positions of the substituents attached to the indole skeleton is discussed. PMID- 7046139 TI - Health hazards of pyrrolizidine alkaloids: a short review. PMID- 7046140 TI - Influence of liver S-9 preparations from rats and rainbow trout on the activity of four mutagens. AB - The mutagenicity of four chemical compounds to strain TA100 of S. typhimurium was affected differently by liver S-9 preparations from untreated Sprague-Dawley rats and from rainbow trout (Salmogairdneri). These two species were equally effective in decreasing the direct mutagenicity of sodium dichromate. Rat preparations were totally inactive and trout preparations were slightly active in producing mutagenic metabolites from benzo(a)pyrene (BP). Conversely, rat homogenates were significantly more efficient in activating aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and, in particular, 2-aminofluorene (2-AF). PMID- 7046141 TI - Modulation of rat testicular alcohol dehydrogenase by psychoactive agents. AB - The in vivo and in vitro effect of selected psychoactive agents on specific activity of rat testicular alcohol dehydrogenase (T-ADH) was studied. Drinking of 15% ethanol solution for 14 consecutive days inhibited endogenous T-ADH from controls. This inhibition was enhanced when the animals were kept in complete darkness. Short-term administration of drugs with various pharmacologic properties, i.e. CNS-stimulants, a muscle relaxant, an antidepressant and estrogenic steroids, exerted little effect on T-ADH. d-Amphetamine, 3 methoxytyramine (3MT) and histamine inhibited-T-ADH in vitro. The amphetamine inhibition was non-competitive and the KI50 determined was of moderate magnitude. PMID- 7046142 TI - Metabolic activation of dimethylnitrosamine to mutagens: role of cytochromes P 450 and P-448. AB - Pretreatment of hamsters with phenobarbitone, 3-methylcholanthrene and Arochlor 1254 induced the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidases, yet decrease the efficiency of activation of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) to intermediates mutagenic to the Salmonella typhimurium strain TA-100. Furthermore, no correlation was obtained between cytochrome P-450 content, microsomal demethylation of DMN and its activation to mutagens. These results indicate that the demethylation of DMN by the mixed-function oxidases is not the rate-limiting step in the metabolic activation of the carcinogen to mutagen(s), and that other microsomal or soluble enzymes may be involved. PMID- 7046143 TI - [Formation of concretions around foreign bodies in Wharton's duct]. PMID- 7046144 TI - [Improved method of preparing crowns from porcelain]. PMID- 7046145 TI - [Experience in using gold electroplating of dental prosthesis frames made of a cobalt-chromium alloy and indications for its use]. PMID- 7046146 TI - [Blow molding method for thermoplastics]. PMID- 7046147 TI - [Methods of lengthening the cutaneous portion of the nasal septum in correcting residual and secondary deformities after cheiloplasty for bilateral clefts]. PMID- 7046148 TI - [Orthodontic measures in the combined treatment of periodontosis]. PMID- 7046149 TI - [Comparative investigation of physical-metallurgic properties of alloys 1 and 2 (Ag, Pd, Au)]. PMID- 7046150 TI - [Melting point--casting point]. PMID- 7046151 TI - [Antibacterial activity of the tissue adhesive N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate-monomer]. PMID- 7046152 TI - [Preventive-prophylactic measures in dental prosthetics (aspects of partial dentures)]. PMID- 7046153 TI - [View on the significance of the two-phase inlaying of wax models]. PMID- 7046154 TI - [Comparative examinations of the alloy "Auropal" and alloys X and Y in relation to the type of casting apparatus and the inlay investment]. PMID- 7046155 TI - [Mathematical calculations of the masticatory forces transmitted to a retained tooth through a terminal saddle prosthesis]. PMID- 7046156 TI - [The role and importance of Keller's band and cuff in the making of a complete denture]. PMID- 7046157 TI - [Usefulness of alginate impression isolation by 2% alum solution]. PMID- 7046158 TI - [Laboratory construction of a porcelain crown using the P.T. method]. PMID- 7046159 TI - Reproducible in vitro preparation of intermediate C3d coated red blood cells. AB - As a standardizing reagent and/or as a positive control for the anti-C3d reactivity of antiglobulin reagents, test red blood cells (RBC) reproducibly coated with "C3d only" (i.e. lacking other complement components and immunoglobulins) are essential. We have prepared RBC coated by intermediate amounts of C3d. Two approaches to varying the amount of C3d bound to RBC were studied: a) variation in Mg++ concentration and b) dilution of donor plasma. The amount of C3d bound to RBC was assessed both by agglutination reactions with serial dilutions of a standard anti-C3d serum and by quantitation of bound anti C3d with 125I-labeled anti-antiglobulin serum. Marked individual donor differences were encountered in response to varying Mg++ concentration and to dilution of donor plasma; no single set of conditions could be employed to produce a desired intermediate C3d-coated RBC from all donors. Examples of variations to be expected with both manipulations are illustrated, along with studies of conditions under which the standard deviation for bound C3d on intermediate C3d-coated RBC made from 5-donor pools was less than 10%. PMID- 7046160 TI - Absorption of anti-Chido from serum using autologous red blood cells coated with homologous C4. AB - A method is described which absorbs anti-Chido from serum without reducing the strength of other alloantibodies. Autologous red blood cells are coated with homologous C4 by a low-ionic-strength method and then used for the absorption. This is a practical method for removing anti-Chido from serum so that underlying alloantibodies may be identified and compatibility testing performed. PMID- 7046161 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity toward canine kidney epithelial cells. AB - Cellular cytotoxicity toward kidney cell targets has been studied in a model using in vitro cultured canine kidney cells obtained after perfusion trypsinization of kidneys from one-haplotype-mismatched beagles. To study whether cytotoxic effector cells recognize identical antigens on kidney cells as on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphoblasts, adsorption studies with different monolayers have been performed. Both leukocyte and kidney cell monolayers reduced cytotoxicity against 51Cr-labeled PHA-stimulated lymphoblasts very effectively. The average reduction of cytotoxicity was 86% in six consecutive experiments after one adsorption on either one of these two types of target-specific monolayers. Nonspecific monolayers reduced cytotoxicity only for 13%. Specific kidney cell monolayers reduced cytotoxicity against kidney cells almost completely, however leukocyte monolayers reduced cytotoxicity toward kidney cells for only 40%. There results and cold target inhibition data strongly suggest that kidney cells present antigens to which a selective population of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is directed. These CTLs are not cytotoxic for PHA stimulated lymphoblasts. It is discussed whether the relevant antigens on the kidney cells are organ-specific antigens comparable to the endothelial monocyte antigen system as described by Moreas and Stastny or that class II antigens are involved in cytotoxicity toward kidney cells. PMID- 7046162 TI - Experience with a cooperative bone marrow transplantation program in Stockholm. AB - Twenty-seven patients (age range from 1 to 55 years) were included in a cooperative bone marrow transplantation program in Stockholm. Of eight patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA), two died following graft rejection and six (75%) are alive between 3 months and 4 1/2 years after transplantation. Two patients with end stage leukemia died of septicemia and bleeding shortly after transplantation. Thirteen of 17 patients (76%) with acute leukemia in their first or second remission are alive 1 to 16 months after transplantation. Death was caused by septicemia in two patients, interstitial Candida pneumonitis in one and gastrointestinal bleeding in association with graft-versus-host disease in one. Among the leukemic patients all deaths occurred in subjects over 17 years of age and all 10 children are alive. No relapse has yet been seen. Successful bone marrow transplantations were carried out utilizing ordinary hospital resources only. This justifies the practice of performing transplantations in subjects with SAA and acute leukemia in remission even outside specially equipped and designed bone marrow transplantation units. PMID- 7046163 TI - HLA-DR matching in multicenter, single-typing laboratory data. AB - The results of 370 transplants done at 11 transplant centers in Los Angeles over the past 4 years is summarized for DR matching and transfusions. Among 28 patients with two HLA-DR antigens matched, the 1-year transplant survival rate was 75% as compared with 47% for those patients with no matched HLA-DR antigen (P less than 0.0025). Therefore, in this multicenter single-typing laboratory trial, HLA-DR typing had a significant effect on transplant outcome. The effect of pretransplant transfusions was additive. Patients with fewer than five transfusions had a 1-year survival rate of 45% compared with 69% for those with five or more transfusions (P less than 0.0005). In patients with two DR antigens matched and five or more transfusions, the survival rate was 86%. Similarly, patients with zero or one DR antigen match had a higher graft survival rate if they had previously been transfused with more than four units of blood. We conclude that two-DR antigen-matched transplants have a higher change of success than those with a zero or one antigen match and that this effect is additive with transfusions. PMID- 7046164 TI - Immunosuppressive properties of polar organic compounds that induce cellular differentiation in Friend erythroleukemia cells. AB - We studied the effect of several polar organic compounds, known to induce erythroid differentiation in Friend leukemia (FL) cells, on in vitro human lymphocyte responses and on skin graft survival in mice. The short chain fatty acids, butyric acid (BA), propionic acid (PA), valeric acid, and the polar organic solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, and dimethylacetamide, all mediated significant inhibition of alloantigen-induced proliferation and generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in human primary and secondary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reactions. Hexamethylenebisacetemide, another potent inducer of differentiation in FL cells, also mediated significant suppression. Inhibition of MLC with polar organic compounds was accomplished at concentrations known to induce differentiation in FL cells and that are not cytotoxic to peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In distinct contrast, agents that are structurally related to BA, but that do not induce differentiation in FL cells, such as caproic acid, beta-OHBA, gamma-amino BA, and isobutyric acid, did not exhibit immunosuppressive properties. Pokeweed mitogen-driven polyclonal B cell activation was also suppressed by agents that induce erythroid differentiation in FL cells. In addition to potent in vitro immunosuppressive properties, supplementation of drinking water with BA or PA resulted in prolongation of full thickness skin grafts in DBA/2 (H-2d) to C57BL/6 (H-2b) donor-recipient combinations. Our findings indicate that polar organic compounds that induce differentiation in FL cells are potent immunosuppressive agents. PMID- 7046165 TI - Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of vascular occlusion in renal transplantation.. AB - In renal transplantation vascular occlusion is usually diagnosed too late for remedial surgery to be successful. A method of continuous monitoring of renal blood flow would provide evidence of a vascular problem and a chance of saving the graft. In this study directional Doppler ultrasound has been used to investigate arterial stenosis and venous outflow obstruction in a canine autograft model, using the pulsatility index (PI). The results demonstrate increasing PI with venous outflow block (P less than 0.005 at stenoses greater than 88% of venous diameter) and a fall in PI accompanying a progressive reduction in arterial inflow (P less than 0.001 at stenoses greater than 78% of arterial diameter). Identical results were achieved with both handheld and indwelling probes. The changes in the audible Doppler signal have a characteristic quality and the insertion of an indwelling Doppler probe offers a potential means of monitoring allograft blood flow in the immediate postoperative period and differentiating between venous and arterial obstruction. PMID- 7046166 TI - Pregnancy after renal transplantation: estrogen secretion. PMID- 7046167 TI - Improved HLA-DR typing of dialysis patients using monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 7046168 TI - Synergistic effect of lentil lectin and antithymocyte serum on rat skin allograft survival. PMID- 7046169 TI - Positive, warm T cell crossmatch in cardiac transplantation: with transient vasculitis and without hyperacute rejection. PMID- 7046170 TI - Value of a physiological liver transplant model in rats. Induction of specific graft tolerance in a fully allogeneic strain combination. PMID- 7046171 TI - Association of pulmonary embolism and pulmonary nocardiosis in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 7046172 TI - The Lars-Erik Gelin Memorial Symposium on Clinical Kidney Transplantation. Gothenburg, Sweden, November 5-7, 1981. PMID- 7046173 TI - [Action of cooling on cells and the body as a multifactorial process]. AB - The role of different cryogenic factors in the process of freezing and thawing of the cells and other biological systems is discussed. Attention is paid to the fact that cryo injury is arising all over freezing-thawing, to be eventually determined by the effect of the complex of damaging factors. It is shown that a successful anabiosis under very low temperatures depends upon the functional state of the organism before cooling, morphophysiology of cells, their reaction to supercooling, extra- and intracellular crystallization, and on rates and duration of cooling and warming. PMID- 7046174 TI - [Autoradiographic study of cell kinetics after whole-body x-ray irradiation. III. A study of the postradiation changes in mitotic activity and the mitotic cycle of the subependymal cells of the rat brain]. AB - Dynamics of the mitotic index and changes in the mitotic cycle were studied in the rat's brain subependymal cells, using autoradiography with 3H-thymidine injected 60-80 minutes before the whole body X-irradiation in doses of 50, 150 or 300 R. The "classical mitotic blocks" has been shown not be be a block of cells being in phases of the mitotic cycle; unlike, it points to the dose-dependent time of appearance of the first mitoses in cells that survived, because all the cells that had divided earlier died during mitosis. This may suggest that the post-irradiation mitotic index curve may serve a tool for counting the number of non-surviving proliferating cells. The delay in the first wave of the labeled mitosis curve dependent of the mitotic death of cells being in G2- or S-phases at the time of irradiation is discussed in addition to other peculiarities of the labeled mitosis curve. PMID- 7046175 TI - [Morphofunctional status of the lysosomal-segregation apparatus of rat hepatocytes at different stages of ontogeny]. AB - The influence of adrenaline and insuline on the morpho-functional state of the lysosome-segregation apparatus of rat hepatocytes was studied in ante- and postnatal periods of life. Using the vital staining of hepatocyte squash preparations, differences in the reaction of the lysosome-segregation apparatus towards a stabilizator (adrenaline) or a labilizator (insulin) was revealed at different stages of ontogenesis. PMID- 7046176 TI - [Measurement of the thickness and surface area of cell fragments and histological structures isolated from lyophilized tissue sections]. AB - A direct method is described of measuring the thickness of cell fragments and histological structures isolated from freeze-dried tissue sections and a planimetric method of measuring their surface area is presented. A special device mounted on the object holder of the microscope has been used to smooth out and to turn the fragments. The thickness of fragment of the rabbit Deiter's nucleus neuron and that of the molecular layer of the rat cerebellar cortex was measured with errors of 3.1 and 1.5, respectively, and their surface areas were measured with errors of 2.2 and 0.8%, respectively. The methods can be used in quantitative cyto- and histochemistry for obtaining data needed for calculation of the volumes cell fragments or structures isolated from freeze-dried tissue sections. The mean thickness of the freeze-dried section may differ from the cryostat microtome feed setting by 20-50%; therefore the cryostat microtome feed setting cannot be used in calculations of the volume of a fragment isolated from the freeze dried section. PMID- 7046177 TI - Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques for detecting antibodies to malignant catarrhal fever in infected cattle. AB - The indirect immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescent antibody techniques were compared for their ability to detect antibodies to malignant catarrhal fever virus in experimentally and naturally infected cattle. The immunoperoxidase test detected titres of antibody 8-fold higher than those detected by immunofluorescence. The immunoperoxidase technique detected antibodies in all of 23 naturally infected cattle whereas immunofluorescence only detected antibodies in 19. The immunoperoxidase test gave good definition of intracellular virus antigens. PMID- 7046178 TI - Acquired B-like antigen. PMID- 7046179 TI - [Postoperative CPAP therapy following surgery in the kidney area]. PMID- 7046181 TI - [Pseudarthrosis of the clavicle - an unnecessary complication? (author's transl)]. AB - The pseudarthrosis of the clavicle is a rare complication of trauma surgery. The pseudarthrosis is mainly situated in the two medial quarters of the bone. The stable plate-osteosynthesis is regarded as the best treatment in combination with an autologous bone grafting in cases of atrophic or defect-pseudarthrosis. From 1970 to 1981 20 patients were treated at the BG Unfallklinik Tubingen, indication, operative procedures and the results are given. A bony union was achieved in all cases. PMID- 7046180 TI - Electron probe and electron energy loss analysis in biology. AB - Methods, applications and limitations of quantitative electron probe analysis, X ray mapping, electron energy loss analysis and energy filtered imaging are described, with emphasis on the analysis of thin (less than 200nm) cryosections. Energy dispersion electron probe analysis can measure reliably 5 to 10mM/Kg of biologically prevalent elements in 50nm diameter areas of 100 to 150 nm thick cryo sections during 100-300 sec counts. The minimal detectable mass (MDM) with a conventional thermionic electron source is approximately 10(-19)g Fe (100 sec count) and can be reduced to 10(-20)g through the use of a field emission gun (FEG). A spatial resolution of 8.7nm is demonstrated in two-dimensional Fourier transforms of Mo X-ray maps of stained catalase crystals. Significant biological results of quantitative electron probe analysis include the measurement of total Ca released from the Mg and K taken up by the sarcoplasmic reticulum during muscle contraction, and the demonstration that mitochondria do not contribute to the physiological regulation of cytoplasmic free Ca levels in cardiac, vascular smooth and striated muscle. Electron energy loss analysis (EELS) promises a significant improvement in sensitivity for the measurement of Ca; based on statistical errors of the measurement, 250 microM/Kg Ca should be measureable with EELS in 250 sec. through the Ca L-edge loss. The use of a doubly corrected magnetic sector spectrometer as a transmission electron microscope imaging filter outside the microscope vacuum is illustrated, and the resolution of the iron core (7.5nm) and surrounding organic shell of single ferritin molecules is demonstrated in, respectively, iron M and carbon K loss images. PMID- 7046182 TI - [Non unions of the humerus shaft (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical evaluation of 121 cases of non union of the humerus shaft shows that 46 of these occurred after conservative and 75 after operative treatment. The main failures could be found after conservative treatment by traction methods. Operative treatment by intramedullary splinting did not achieve sufficient stability. The high rate of non unions after plate osteosynthesis is caused by basic technical faults in nearly all cases. The number of postoperative nerve palsy is remarkable. All cases could be healed by means of proper plate osteosynthesis after decortication combined with cancellous bone grafting in 12 atrophic non unions. The high rate of non unions of the humerus shaft gives occasion to reflect upon the correct indications for fracture treatment. From our point of view a more conservative attitude should be required. PMID- 7046183 TI - [Primary open "two-cavity" injuries. Treatment and course of a typical case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046184 TI - [Hepatitis and scarlet fever in a young adult]. PMID- 7046185 TI - [Detection of "terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase" (TdT) by indirect immunofluorescence, an essential tool in the diagnosis of leukemia]. PMID- 7046186 TI - [The orally handicapped and his response to therapy]. PMID- 7046187 TI - Diagnosis of renovascular hypertension and evaluation of "surgical" curability. PMID- 7046188 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of prostatic origin of metastases. PMID- 7046189 TI - Drug therapy of prostatic cancer. PMID- 7046190 TI - Activation of Hageman factor by proteases released during antigen challenge of human lung. PMID- 7046191 TI - Pseudohyperaldosteronism with renal tubular resistance to mineralocorticoid hormones. PMID- 7046192 TI - Hepatic steatosis in diabetes: increased synthesis of triacylglycerol and impaired feedback regulation. PMID- 7046193 TI - Successful treatment of human gram-negative bacteremia with antiserum against endotoxin core. PMID- 7046194 TI - Management of herpetic keratitis. PMID- 7046195 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of hoarseness using a computer]. PMID- 7046196 TI - [Otorhinolaryngology in the Mongolism People's Republic]. PMID- 7046197 TI - [Hypothyroidism and pathology of the ENT organs]. PMID- 7046198 TI - Detection of mastitis. PMID- 7046199 TI - Effective use of the diagnostic laboratory in dairy practice. PMID- 7046200 TI - Professor Theodore C. Ruch. PMID- 7046201 TI - Skin diseases of the cat. PMID- 7046202 TI - Inheritance of Escherichia coli K88 adhesion in pigs: identification of nonadhesive phenotypes in a commercial herd. AB - A method for preparing fragments of brush border from the small intestinal epithelial cells of pigs was modified so that specimens as small as 3 mm X 3 mm could be used. This modification also allowed more rapid preparation and the brush borders thus prepared adhered specifically to K88+ but not K88- Escherichia coli. At slaughter 12.2 per cent of 459 bacon weight pigs from a commercial herd were of nonadherent phenotype. Litters containing only nonadherent pigs were identified. Parents of these litters and siblings intended for breeding stock replacements could be identified as probably also being of nonadherent phenotype and this was confirmed by examining biopsy samples obtained by enterotomy from the siblings. PMID- 7046203 TI - Value and limitations of haematology in viral infections in horses. PMID- 7046204 TI - Comparison of four methods for early detection of experimental Trichinella spiralis infections in pigs. AB - Four methods employed in the diagnosis of experimental porcine trichinellosis (trichinoscopy, digestion method, immunofluorescence and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)) were compared by eleven laboratories in the countries of the European Economic Community and Sweden. The aim of this study was to test the reliability of ELISA during the onset of T. spiralis infection. Material from conventionally raised pigs infected with 1500 to 10000 larvae was compared to uninfected controls at Day 17 and Day 21 post infection. The serological techniques gave higher percentages of positive results than the direct techniques. Specific antibodies could be demonstrated with ELISA at an earlier stage and at higher percentages than with the other methods. ELISA micro assay was the most sensitive procedure. PMID- 7046205 TI - Babesia motasi in sheep on the island of Gotland in Sweden. AB - Serological survey with an IFA-test showed that 58% (73/125) of the lambs and 88% (46/52) of the ewes on the island of Gotland (Sweden) has antibodies against Babesia motasi. It is likely that such a high incidence of the blood protozoan organisms plays an important part in causing the often observed anaemia in sheep on that island. PMID- 7046206 TI - Acquired resistance to Hypoderma lineatum: comparative immune response of resistant and susceptible cattle. AB - The humoral and cellular immune responses of previously infested and noninfested cattle were compared after a single experimental exposure to 1st-instar Hypoderma lineatum. No correlation was found between the development of humoral antibodies as measured by passive hemagglutination assay and resistance in cattle. However, the most resistant cattle had higher macrophage migration-inhibition activity before and 1 month after infestation than did low- or non-resistant animals, and resistant animals also had greater sensitivity to antigens from larvae as they penetrated the skin. These results suggest that acquired resistance to hypodermatosis involves a cellular component of the immune mechanism. PMID- 7046207 TI - Characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations in sheep by rosette formation, adherence to nylon wool and mitogen responsiveness. AB - Sheep peripheral blood lymphocytes have been studied using a number of surface markers. Thus 16.6 +/- 2.4% (mean +/- S.E.) were surface immunoglobulin positive (sIg+) by direct immunofluorescence, 35.9 +/- 2.1% formed Fc rosettes with bovine red blood cells (RBC) sensitized with rabbit antibody (Fc+) and 28.4 +/- 2.0% formed rosettes with sheep red blood cells (RBC) in the presence of 4% dextran (DS+). The percentage of both Fc+ and DS+ lymphocytes tended to increase with age of the animals. Demonstration of these markers allowed computation of two further subpopulations: null cells lacking sIg and a receptor for sheep RBC, and Fc.null cells lacking a receptor for Fc and sheep RBC. The former population, which contained a proportion of Fc+ lymphocytes comprised 49.8 +/- 3.8% of blood lymphocytes and the latter 38.4 +/- 3.0%. Separation on nylon wool columns, selective rosette enrichment and depletion on density gradients and stimulation with phytomitogens have shown sIg+ and Fc+ lymphocytes to be nylon wool adherent and unresponsive to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and Concanavalin A (Con A) and DS+ lymphocytes to be nylon wool non-adherent and responsive to PHA and Con A. The data also indicates a major overlap of the lymphocyte subpopulations bearing sIg and Fc which are apparently B lymphocytes. Moreover these data support the contention that E-rosette formation with sheep RBC in the presence of dextran is a marker for sheep T cells. The data also indicates tha Fc.null cells are T cells, eluting in the non-adherent fraction from nylon wool. It is probable that a proportion of these cells bear a SRBC receptor too weak for present detection methods. PMID- 7046208 TI - The differential localization of IgA, IgM and IgG in the gut of suckled neonatal piglets. AB - The localization of immunoglobulin IgG, IgM and IgA in tissue sections prepared from the ileum of neonatal and adult swine were compared. Eighty percent of the immunoglobulin-containing lymphoid cells in the lamina propria of conventional adult German Landrasse swine were IgA-positive with lower numbers of IgM cells and occasionally an IgG cell. Anti-mu and alpha-chain reagents also stained the cytoplasm of the crypt epithelial cells. By comparison to these adult control tissues, the ileum of unsuckled neonates contained no immunoglobulins although after the ingestion of colostrum, the entire cytoplasm of the villus epithelial cells stained intensely when tested for IgG with only faint staining for IgM and IgA. On the other hand, IgA and IgM were readily localized on what appears to be only the apical border of the crypt epithelial cells but in contrast to the adult, the cytoplasm of these cells was unlabelled. IgG was absent from the crypt region. We interprete these findings to indicate an important, selective role for the villus epithelium in the absorption into the neonatal circulation of colostral IgG and probably IgA and IgM, and a specialized role for the crypt epithelium in adsorbing colostral IgA and IgM; possibly by complexing with mucin bound secretory component. PMID- 7046209 TI - An evaluation of contribution derived from investigations of equine immunodeficiencies. AB - Following the descriptions of immunodeficiencies in horses beginning in 1973, there has been considerable effort to develop methods for differential diagnosis and to determine the cause and prevalence of the disorders. In addition, the equine immunodeficiencies, especially combined immunodeficiency, have been studied from a comparative viewpoint with the goal of finding information applicable to similar diseases of children. Coincident with the development of knowledge about the immunodeficiencies per se, considerable information about several aspects of immunology has been obtained. It is the purpose of this review to focus on findings from experiments with equine immunodeficiencies concerning prenatal and neonatal immunology, lymphocyte function, secretory immunity, immunoreconstitution, graft-versus-host reactions and previously unrecognized diseases. PMID- 7046210 TI - Erythrocyte antibodies in porcine eperythrozoonosis. PMID- 7046211 TI - In vitro evaluation of porcine lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin using a modified "whole blood" technique. AB - The purpose of these investigations was to develop a modified whole blood technique for measuring quantitatively the responsiveness of pig peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in vitro. Washed blood cells from a fixed volume of blood were suspended in culture medium supplemented with foetal calf serum and stimulated with a pure mitogenic PHA preparation. The stimulation was measured by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine. Data are presented to show the effect of different variables on the culture system. The transformation response was measured at different levels of PHA and the reproducibility of the different responses from repeated investigations was used to evaluate the usefulness of the test. The best reproducibilities of the stimulation response were found at the high PHA concentrations. Also the calculated PHA concentration giving maximum stimulation response had a relatively high reproducibility and indicates that this value is a convenient and reliable alternative measure of the functional capacity of the lymphocytes. PMID- 7046212 TI - The role of serum and biliary antibodies and cell-mediated immunity in the clearance of S-typhimurium from chickens. AB - The development of three parameters of immunity in response to a non-lethal infection of Salmonella typhimurium in adult chickens has been examined. Intravenous inoculation of 1 X 10(6) organisms established infection in the liver, spleen and intestinal tract of all birds; the organism persisted in these sites until day 9 of the infection, after which it was cleared rapidly from all sites. High levels of agglutinating and haemagglutinating antibodies were found in serum and bile 5 days after infection; they peaked at days 7 to 10, and detectable antibody was still present in both fluids 6 weeks after infection. The presence of this antibody did not appear to cause a significant reduction in organism numbers in any of the sites examined. Cell mediated immunity was detected at day 14. It is suggested that cells mediated immunity is responsible for clearance of the organisms from the tissues. PMID- 7046213 TI - The immune system of cyprinid fish. Oxytetracycline and the regulation of humoral immunity in carp (Cyprinus carpio). AB - The antibiotic oxytetracycline (oxyTC) was administered either by mixing with food or by intraperitoneal injections. On oxyTC treated animals decreased serum immunoglobulin levels were found. The primary anti-sheep red blood cells (SRBC) response was measured by enumerating plaque forming cells (PFC). It was observed that the PFC response was depressed by 80-95% in oxyTC treated animals. When an anti-SRBC serum was injected together with SRBC the immunosuppressive effect of oxyTC was absent. A secondary anti-SRBC response was not inhibited by oxyTC. On base of the results a model for antigen presentation and the interaction between macrophages, T- and B-like cells during primary and secondary responses in fish is proposed. In primary responses cellular interaction is needed to develop a proper immune response whereas after a high antigen dose challenge SRBC might behave as a T-independent antigen. PMID- 7046214 TI - The relationship of systemic phycomycosis and aspergillosis, in cattle showing clinical signs of disease, to the occurrence of lesions in different organs. AB - Cases of systemic phycomycosis and aspergillosis in cattle with clinical signs of disease were recorded from the literature. The incidence of these conditions in animals of different ages was noted in conjunction with the organ in which the lesions were found. The forestomachs and abomasum were considered separately from other affected organs. Phycomycosis was most commonly associated with the lungs and the other organ most frequently affected was the liver. Aspergillosis was a comparatively rare event but appeared to affect the same organs. Of the stomach compartments, lesions occurred most often in the abomasum and the age of the animals may be important. Lesions in the lymph nodes are generally associated with animals showing no clinical signs of disease. PMID- 7046215 TI - Campylobacter enteritis in dogs and cats: a 'new' zoonosis. AB - The subject is introduced by a brief historical resume and account of campylobacter enterocolitis in man. Published figures on the prevalence of campylobacters in normal dogs and cats show a wide range. It is highest (49% dogs, 45% cats) in immature animals, particularly strays or those living in kennels, and lowest (less than 1.6% dogs and cats) in adult animals living in households. Several studies have shown no significant difference between the prevalence in normal animals and those suffering from diarrhoea, but two surveys did show such a difference. It seems that while most animals are unaffected by infection with campylobacters, a few suffer an illness like that seen in man. Longitudinal studies to determine incidence--as opposed to prevalence--of infection are required. A small proportion of human infections are acquired from dogs. These are usually puppies that are themselves suffering from diarrhoea. Only four infections associated with cats (all kittens with diarrhoea) have been reported. Contact is invariably close and the victims are often small children. The application of simple hygienic measures should prevent such infections. PMID- 7046216 TI - Dubious effect of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) therapy on amyloid deposits and amyloidosis. AB - Data from the literature on DMSO therapy for amyloidosis in laboratory animals and man are reviewed and found to be inconclusive. In hamsters with casein induced amyloidosis, as well as in dogs with spontaneous amyloidosis, therapeutic experiments with DMSO were performed. In these investigations no effect of DMSO on amyloid and amyloidosis was found. PMID- 7046218 TI - [From the history of veterinary education]. PMID- 7046217 TI - [Current animal feeds with antimicrobial activity]. AB - Among the growth-promoting substances and factors contributing to fodder utilization in growing farm animals, also called nutritive, ergotropic means, the antibiotics and some synthetic chemotherapeutics have acquired special importance. To avoid the hazardous effect in humans consuming products of animal origin there should be no residual amounts of these stimulating agents in such products. That is why it has been assumed in a number of countries to use for the same purpose only nutritive means that are not applied as therapeutic agents. Such means should neither induce resistence to antibiotics and chemotherapeutics in microorganism nor should they be resorbed by the alimentary tract (or resorption should be negligible) or they are rapidly eliminated from the animal body, leaving no residual amounts. They should likewise act chiefly against gram positive organisms, inducing no allergic reactions in the animals. Described are the following nutritive antibiotics: flavophospholipol (bambermycin, menomycin- flavomycin, producing a nutritive effect also in ruminants with a developed forestomach, and rebuilds sensitivity in antibiotic-resistant organisms belonging to Enterobacteriaceae), avoparcin (avotan--also active in ruminants with a developed forestomach), virginiamycin (staphylomycin--escalin, stafac), zincbacitracin (bacipharmin, baciferm), grisin (kormogrisin, of a road spectrum, with an antimycotic effect, raising the fertilization rate and activating phagocitosis), vitamycin-A (vitamycin--active also at retinol deficiency, lambdamycin, nosiheptide (primofax), efrotomycin. Due consideration is given to such chemotherapeutics as nitrovin (payson, paison), carbadox (mecadox, fortigro, of a broad spectrum retained for a longer period in the body of pigs), olaquindox (bio-N-celbar--of a broad spectrum, particularly with regard to gram-negative organisms, applied at present as a therapeutic and prophylactic preparation), cyadox (with a broad sprectrum). The following polyether ionophoric antibiotics are mentioned: monensine (rumensine, elancoban), lassalocide (avatek, lasotek), slinomycin(eustin, ustin, coxistac), lonomycin (emercide), harasine. Dosage rates and other data are given characterising the respective preparations. PMID- 7046219 TI - [In vivo persistence of plaque mutants of viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus]. AB - Studied was the persistance of 3 plaque clones of a velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus in nonimmune birds. It was found that the first plaque clone (4 mm dia of plaques) possessed higher virulence than that of the parental virus and killed all inoculated birds for 2 to 5 days. Plaque clone II (2.5 mm dia of the plaques) caused up to 30 per cent mortality, and plaque clone III (1.5 mm dia of the plaques) did not bring about death but a transient disease only. Birds inoculated with II and III plaque clones, at identical serologic response, were investigated virologically on the 40th and 60th day post infection. By means of the tracheal organ cultures the Newcastle disease virus was isolated only from birds that were inoculated with plaque clone II. No virus was demonstrated via the same method in birds inoculated with plaque clone III. It is believed that the long-term persistance of the Newcastle disease virus reported on a previous occasion was due to a subpopulation identical with plaque clone II. PMID- 7046220 TI - [A thousand years of Bulgarian veterinary medicine]. PMID- 7046221 TI - [Nitrous acid induction of Escherichia coli mutants pathogenic for poultry]. AB - Three strains of Escherichia coli - 0 78:K 80, 0 2:K 1, and 0 111: K 58, the first two pathogenic for birds - were used to test the mutagenic action of nitrous acid. Survival curves were drawn, and the optimal conditions were determined for the action of nitrous acid as a mutagenic factor. A scheme was suggested for the isolation of streptomycin-resistant and streptomycin-dependent mutants. The capacity of nitrous acid to induce mutations was demonstrated with regard to the streptomycin-dependence phenomenon and the rough (R) form of colonies. Discussed is the optimization of the streptomycin concentrations needed for the growth of the streptomycin-dependent mutants. Tested have been some biochemical activities of the mutants in comparison with the initial forms. It has likewise been demonstrated that the streptomycin-dependent mutants in R form change their reaction to some carbohydrate sources, either assimilating them at a delayed rate (as in most cases) or losing the capacity to assimilate them. PMID- 7046222 TI - Gunnar Svaetichin. 1915-1981. PMID- 7046223 TI - [Immunoenzyme diagnosis of infectious diseases]. PMID- 7046224 TI - [Effect of chemical radioprotectors and subsequent therapy on the survival of dogs subjected to lethal gamma irradiation]. PMID- 7046225 TI - [Various characteristics of the medical-sanitary work performed by the mechanized corps battalion during the Second World War]. PMID- 7046226 TI - [Use of Vishnevskii liniment during the Second World War]. PMID- 7046227 TI - [Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev (125th anniversary of birth)]. PMID- 7046229 TI - [Contribution of P. P. Potiralovskii to advances in the organization of military medicine]. PMID- 7046228 TI - [Myoglobinemia as a criterion of the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7046230 TI - [Organization of medical provisions for the Russian Army during the War of 1812]. PMID- 7046231 TI - [Reliability of colicinogen typing of Shigella sonnei]. PMID- 7046232 TI - [Diagnostic significance of bacteria-coated antibodies in urine sediment]. PMID- 7046233 TI - [Control of surgical wound infection after appendectomy by primary delayed suture]. PMID- 7046234 TI - [Treatment of a severe form of aplastic anemia with androgens, immunosuppressive agents, bone marrow allotransplantation and splenectomy]. PMID- 7046235 TI - [Biological and therapeutic action of microwaves]. PMID- 7046236 TI - [Renal artery embolization in treating tumorous diseases of the kidneys]. AB - Indications, complications, advantages and limitations of different procedures for renal artery embolisation used in treatment of kidney tumors are discussed. Four case reports on renal tissue embolisation by means of administration of barium sulfate suspension are presented. The procedure is not complicated, reliable and the results of its application are irreversible. Use of barium sulfate suspension for embolisation of inoperable tumors of kidney is substantiated. PMID- 7046237 TI - [Pathomorphosis of malignant tumors after combined and complex treatment using hyperthermia]. PMID- 7046239 TI - [Development of N. N. Petrov's ideas in the field of organizing cancer control]. PMID- 7046238 TI - [Treatment of malignant breast tumors containing estrogen receptors]. PMID- 7046240 TI - [Nikolai Nikolaevich Blokhin (on this 70th birthday)]. PMID- 7046241 TI - [Basic developmental stages in the clinical chemotherapy of tumors in the USSR]. PMID- 7046242 TI - [Incidence and pathogenesis of osteoarthrosis deformans]. PMID- 7046244 TI - [Functional electrocardiographic methods in the diagnosis of nonrheumatic myocardities]. PMID- 7046243 TI - [Use of peripheral vasodilator agents in chronic cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 7046245 TI - [Mutagenic action of foreign substances contained in food products]. PMID- 7046246 TI - [Basic results of the work of the Moscow F. F. Erisman Research Institute of Hygiene in the 10th Five-Year Plan on the subject of the scientific bases of nutritional hygiene (on the 60th anniversary of the founding of the institute]. PMID- 7046247 TI - Effectiveness of red blood cells filtered through cotton wool to prevent antileukocyte antibody production in multitransfused patients. AB - The effectiveness of red blood cells made leukocyte-free by filtration through cotton wool to prevent the production of antileukocyte antibodies was evaluated in children suffering from Cooley's anemia. Two studies were performed: study I was carried out prospectively in two groups of non transfused patients, one group treated with leukocyte-free filtered red cells, the other with buffy-coat-free packed red cell units. Different types of antileukocyte antibodies were looked for in both groups and the results were compared. In study II the behavior of pre existing lymphocytotoxic antibodies found in the serum of children previously transfused with standard or buffy-coat-free packed red cell units was followed after the patients had been passed to a program of transfusion with leukocyte free filtered red cells. Study I showed that none of the patients transfused with leukocyte-free filtered red cell units have produced antileukocyte antibodies, while these could be found in 2/3 of the patients transfused with buffy-coat-free packed red cell units. Study II showed that the repeated transfusion of leukocyte free filtered red cells to patients who possessed in their serum preformed lymphocytotoxic antibodies did not cause any increase in the potency or spectrum of these antibodies, but was in fact accompanied in some cases by their decrease or disappearance. It is concluded that filtration through cotton is an easy and inexpensive means of preparing leukocyte-free red blood cells for transfusion capable of preventing (or reducing) the production of antileukocyte antibodies in multitransfused patients. PMID- 7046248 TI - Immune Unresponsiveness to platelets. A case study. AB - Both 51Cr-survival studies with donor platelets and allogenic skin transplantations were performed in a patient with immune unresponsiveness to platelet antigens, i.e., HLA-and platelet-specific antigens. The patients, who suffered from hypoplastic anaemia, was successfully transfused with random donor platelets during 13 months. The serum of this patient contained only granulocyte and mononuclear-cell-reactive antibodies, but no platelet-reactive antibodies. A nearly normal survival time of the donor platelets as well as a prolonged rejection time of a skin allograft of the same donor support the serological findings. The 51Cr-platelet survival time was not influenced by a leucocyte concentrate from the same donor, which was administered at the same time. Thus, in our patient, no increased platelet destruction could be induced via the so called innocent bystander mechanism. PMID- 7046249 TI - [Lectins in virology]. PMID- 7046250 TI - [Antibodies to influenza viruses in poultry]. AB - Determination of antibodies to influenza viruses in chicken sera by radial hemolysis technique using normal horse serum as the source of complement is described. This test was shown to be also very sensitive and standard with mammal sera when some strains, including the A/Khabarovsk/77, were tested. PMID- 7046251 TI - [Incidence of the hepatitis B antigen carrier state in tuberculosis patients and its differential diagnostic significance]. PMID- 7046252 TI - [Results of current studies on the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy]. PMID- 7046253 TI - [Hepatitis B virus and glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7046254 TI - Infected liver cyst in a patient with polycystic kidney disease. PMID- 7046255 TI - Control of diabetes during pregnancy using continuous insulin infusion. PMID- 7046256 TI - Ancient technology in contemporary surgery. AB - Archaeologists have shown that ancient man developed the ability to produce cutting blades of an extreme degree of sharpness from volcanic glass. The finest of these prismatic blades were produced in Mesoamerica about 2,500 years ago. The technique of production of these blades was rediscovered 12 years ago by Dr. Don Crabtree, who suggested possible uses for the blades in modern surgery. Blades produced by Dr. Crabtree have been used in experimental microsurgery with excellent results. Animal experiments have shown the tensile strength of obsidian produced wounds to be equal to or greater than that of wounds produced by steel scalpels after 14 days of healing. We have been able to demonstrate neither flaking of glass blades into the wounds nor any foreign body reaction in healed wounds. Skin incisions in human patients have likewise healed well without complications. The prismatic glass blade is infinitely sharper than a honed steel edge, and these blades can be produced in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. It is therefore suggested that this type of blade may find an appropriate use in special areas of modern surgery. PMID- 7046258 TI - Fat overload from 10 percent soybean oil emulsion in a marrow transplant recipient. PMID- 7046257 TI - Do coronary artery bypass operations prolong life? AB - Coronary artery bypass operations improve survival in patients with symptomatic left main coronary artery stenosis, but whether or not longevity is improved in other patients has been controversial. Small clinical studies, even when randomized, have not sufficiently controlled for the heterogeneous distribution of risk factors in patient cohorts treated medically and surgically. The first randomized study large enough to overcome such problems, the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study, showed that coronary artery bypass procedures prolonged survival only in the high-risk subgroup. The surgically treated patients suffered more perioperative morbidity and mortality and had worse long term survival than similar patients operated on in more recent years. The European Coronary Surgery Study Group recently reported that the three-year to five-year survival of symptomatic patients with triple-vessel disease and normal left ventricular function was better if patients were randomly assigned to surgical therapy. The third and by far the largest randomized study, the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS), has not yet reported long-term follow-up results. Large clinical studies, both randomized and nonrandomized, that have subgrouped patients by the number of diseased coronary arteries and by the degree of left ventricular dysfunction all show that survival with single-vessel disease is excellent and not improved by operation. Medically treated patients with double- and triple-vessel disease who have good left ventricular function generally now have a five-year survival greater than 85 percent and only two of the major studies suggest that it is improved by operation. The results of most studies, however, suggest that bypass operation prolongs survival in symptomatic patients when left ventricular dysfunction coexists with double- and triple-vessel disease. Continually improving surgical techniques may potentiate the small survival differences that are now apparent, but until then, because the survival differences are so small, it is recommended that limiting anginal symptoms remain the primary indication for a coronary bypass procedure for an individual patient. PMID- 7046259 TI - Medical education in Utah. PMID- 7046260 TI - [Microbiological picture in chronic respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 7046261 TI - [Interaction of drugs that lower arterial blood pressure]. PMID- 7046262 TI - [Diagnostic and treatment difficulties in botulism]. PMID- 7046263 TI - [Effect of tobacco smoking in pregnant women on the course of pregnancy and labor and on the indices of normal development of newborn infants and children]. PMID- 7046264 TI - [30 years of Polish Parasitological Society]. PMID- 7046265 TI - Liver transplantation for liver cancer. PMID- 7046266 TI - Total hepatectomy and liver replacement (orthotopic liver transplantation) for primary hepatic malignancy. PMID- 7046267 TI - Historical development of intestinal antisepsis. PMID- 7046268 TI - First successful resection of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta with restoration of the continuity by a human arterial graft. PMID- 7046269 TI - Flow microcalorimetry of a respiration-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - In aerobic batch cultures in mineral medium with glucose of a respiration deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, growth parameters were estimated and the heat evolved was measured by a flow microcalorimeter. A growth enthalpy of -163.6 joule per mole of glucose consumed was measured. Under anaerobic conditions, the value was -134.6 joule, closer to the expected for alcoholic fermentation alone. The difference was found to be due to cyanide-resistant respiration under aerobic conditions. PMID- 7046270 TI - [The role of birds in epidemiology]. PMID- 7046271 TI - [Suitability of bile-salt lactose agars for bacteriological varia diagnosis]. PMID- 7046272 TI - [Recommendations for establishing standards on the evaluation of prepared foods with special attention to microbial content]. PMID- 7046273 TI - [Transient sinus node arrest-a dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system (author's transl)]. AB - Electrophysiologic studies had been performed before and after pharmacologic autonomic blockade (propranolol 0.2 mg/kg and atropine 0.04 mg/kg body weight) in a 23-year-old female patient with documented sinus arrest of 27 sec duration. Normal electrophysiologic findings before and after autonomic blockade excluded intrinsic sinus node dysfunction. Sinus arrest is therefore though to be due to an intermittent dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system. PMID- 7046274 TI - [Prognostic significance of complex ventricular ectopy in 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring (author's transl)]. AB - 27 of 101 patients with complex ventricular ectopy (ventricular bigeminy, couplets, ventricular salvo and ventricular tachycardia) during 24-hour Holter monitoring died during a mean follow-up of 12 months. Mortality was 28% when ventricular salvos had been detected, and 43% in patients with ventricular tachycardia. Detection of ventricular bigeminy had no, registration of ventricular couplets little prognostic significance. Prognosis was altered by presence of cerebral symptoms (dizziness and/or syncope) only for patients with ventricular tachycardia: additional bradyarrhythmia (asystole longer than 1.5 sec due to sinus-atrial or atrioventricular block) did not effect the prognosis, which was significantly worse for patients with a history of myocardial infarction, although patients in the first year after acute myocardial infarction were not included in this study. Prognosis of complex ventricular ectopy significantly worsens with age, it seems of little prognostic significance for patients under the age of 60. PMID- 7046275 TI - [Leukocyte adherence inhibition test (LAI): instrumentation, procedure and possibilities for use]. PMID- 7046276 TI - [Linearization of relative operative characteristics (probit transformed ROC)]. PMID- 7046277 TI - [Neuronal mechanisms of hypothalamo-reticular effects on cerebral cortex activity]. PMID- 7046278 TI - [Dominance and its role in animal behavior]. PMID- 7046279 TI - The history of the National Association of Operating Room Nurses. PMID- 7046280 TI - [Samuel Thomas von Sommerring - 18 January 1755 to 2 March 1830. In memory of the 150th anniversary of his death]. PMID- 7046281 TI - [Anthropological and paleopathological study of the remains found in the central burial vault of the Church of Our Lady in Bruges. The identification of Mary of Burgundy]. PMID- 7046282 TI - [Psychiatric study of behavioral change in compulsive neurotic patients by psychosurgery]. PMID- 7046283 TI - [Several aspects of historical relationship between the medicine and art]. PMID- 7046284 TI - [Jean Alfred Fournier - the 150th anniversary of his birth]. PMID- 7046285 TI - [Intraoperative rapid frozen section diagnosis of brain biopsies (author's transl)]. AB - Cryostat sections guarantee a correct diagnosis in 98.4% of our brain biopsy cases. In skilled hands, small pieces of tissue can yield excellent sections, and in our laboratory cryostat sections are made as a rapid routine method of diagnosis with the advantage that the material then can be used for chemical, histochemical, cytophotometric or ultrastructural studies as well as for tissue culture. PMID- 7046286 TI - [Robert Koch; man and work (author's transl)]. AB - The paper presents a brief survey of Robert Koch's brilliant achievement in medicine, with particular emphasis being placed on his discovery of the tubercle bacillus made known on 24th March, 1882, his information about the aetiology of anthrax in 1876, and the pathogens of wound infection (1878), as his most valuable contributions to medical research and practice. Robert Koch can truly be regarded as one of the great benefactors of mankind. He was a genius endowed with spiritual and practical abilities allowing him to rise from a simple practioner to a scientist of world-wide fame and recognition. In 1905 Robert Koch was awarded the Nobel-prize, he died in 1910 from a heart attack. PMID- 7046287 TI - [The development of tuberculosis during the last 100 years with special regard to the epidemiological situation in the German Democratic Republic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046288 TI - [Current status of surgery of pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046289 TI - [Tuberculous lymphatic glands of the neck (author's transl)]. AB - Nowadays, patients suffering from this disease are mostly elderly people, especially women. Antituberculous chemotherapy is used as therapy of choice. The rate of recurrence is very low. Only in rare cases surgery becomes necessary to remove glands containing caseous (necrotic) tissue. Those operations are difficult due to many crossing vessels and nervs (facial-, Hypoglossal- and Abducens nerv) and should only be performed experienced surgeons. PMID- 7046290 TI - [Longitudinal studies into alterations of vaginal flora during pregnancy on the basis of modern perinatal medicine (author's transl)]. AB - Assessment of the uterine cervix score is a valuable method for early diagnosis of imminent premature birth, particularly in the context of high-risk pregnancy. Cervical insufficiency was recorded from 14 per cent of a high-risk group of patients. Longitudinal studies covered 110 probands with high-risk pregnancy and repeated vaginal examinations and 45 pregnant women with no vaginal examinations. No significant difference was found to exist between the two groups regarding percentual occurrence of potentially pathogenic aerobic germs, up to the 38th week of pregnancy. Highly significant decline in germ incidence was longitudinally recordable from both groups during the period of amnioscopy. Exposure to potentially pathogenic germs was not aggravated by repeated vaginal checks during pregnancy. Additional conclusions are drawn for practice. PMID- 7046291 TI - [Occurrence of B-streptococci in parturients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046292 TI - [Coincidence of lethal B-streptococcal disease of newborn with acute puerperal polyarthritis of mother due to infectious allergy (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper is a lethal B-streptococcal disease of a newborns which grew manifest as meningitis. It had been caused by Type Ic B-streptococci. The same pathogen was isolated from the mother's vaginal secretion. The mother fell sick with acute allergico-infectious polyarthritis, ten days after birth. This coincidence between infection of the newborn and the mother's puerperal disease is discussed. PMID- 7046293 TI - [Impact of synthetic sexual steroids on blood volume (author's transl)]. AB - The isotope dilution technique was used to study the oestrogen component of "Deposiston", a long-acting contraceptive, and its effects on blood volume. Blood volume increased by about ten per cent within 15 days from administration of 3 mg of ethinyloestradiol-sulphonate (1 mg/week). Haematocrit was reduced, at the same time. This haemodynamic initial effect should be always taken into account for any assessment of biochemical parameters in response to hormonal contraception. PMID- 7046294 TI - Serological and some pathological characteristics of Escherichia coli strains isolated from rabbits. PMID- 7046295 TI - [Methodological aspects of the study of the history of Soviet epidemiology]. PMID- 7046296 TI - [Biological properties of bacterial teichoic acids]. PMID- 7046297 TI - [Biodynamic nongenetical effects of nucleic acids]. PMID- 7046298 TI - [Third etiological factor of food poisoning--literature review and formulation of the problem]. PMID- 7046299 TI - [Effect of plasmids and mutations of uvrA and exrA genes on survival of E. coli in the air]. PMID- 7046300 TI - [Rapid diagnostic system for identification of Escherichia H-antigens]. PMID- 7046301 TI - [Structural aspect of the microecology of the parietal region of the large intestine]. PMID- 7046302 TI - [Wild birds and salmonelloses]. PMID- 7046303 TI - [Frequency of isolation of enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic Escherichia from adult patients with diarrhea]. AB - Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), among which enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) constituted 90%, were detected in the fecal specimens from 42% of hospitalized patients by means of the bacteriological method and experimental models. 209 out of 479 patients, including 9 cases of yersiniosis, provided 180 findings. All previously known invasive EPEC (12 strains belonging to 7 serovars) and ETEC (76 strains belonging to 20 serovars) isolated in the bacteriological study, were found to be invasive or toxigenic in animal experiments. This indicated that the method of serotyping could be suitable for the diagnosis of escherichiosis in practical laboratories. Suckling mice were used to detect ETEC additionally in 54.7% of patients which increased the total frequency of findings to 43.6%. The isolated bacteria were found to be etiologically lined with diarrheal diseases observed in the patients, which was demonstrated by the results obtained in the determination of their content in the inoculated culture and in the survey of 452 healthy persons (the frequency of isolated from seed material was 2.4%, the frequency of findings on the model was 7%, the total frequency of findings was 5.3%. PMID- 7046304 TI - [Critical analysis of French psychiatric nosology]. PMID- 7046305 TI - [Principal aspects of research in primary myopathies with the recessive X-linked type of inheritance (review)]. PMID- 7046306 TI - [Filling skull defects with regenerating bone]. AB - A destruction method was elaborated in dog experiments which allowed bone defects in the skull to be repaired with regenerating bone. The bone is ground to fillings, moistened with the recipient's blood, and implanted in the bone defect in the skull onto the dura mater which is necessary for bone regeneration. The bone fillings dissolve within 7 days, their cells perish and the substances released from them induce osteogenesis in the cells of the immature connective tissue. Fresh bone filings may be used for auto-, allo- and heteroplasty. They preserve their osteo-inducing property after freezing at--78 degrees C and are inactivated after being autoclaved and treated with 0.5% formaldehyde solution or diocide solution. Lyophilization reduces the osteo-inducing property of bone fillings. PMID- 7046307 TI - [Fingerreplantation results since 1972 (author's transl)]. AB - With the use of microvascular techniques 31 out of 45 fingers were successful replanted since 1972. A primary reconstruction of all structures was performed, without bone shortening. Vein-grafts had to be used extensively. The microvascular and digital nerve repairs were performed with 11/0 nylon. The microvascular anastomosis was performed starting at the posterior wall, and progressively coming to the anterior wall, without rotation of the clamps. The results of near total amputations were always good. In complete guillotine amputations the successrate was 75%. In crush lesions 59% and in avulsions 40% success was obtained. After a period for improvement of our microsurgical techniques the results were 90%, 91% and 40% respectively. The functional rehabilitation of the replanted fingers resulted in a useful hand in crush and avulsion trauma and in a very useful hand in guillotine lesions. PMID- 7046308 TI - [Historical aspects of free flaps (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046309 TI - Free flaps in head and neck surgery. AB - Free flaps in head and neck reconstruction offer a one step reconstructive procedure with a decreased patient morbidity and an 85% successrate in 60 free flaps, including twenty-eight intra-oral free flaps. Groinflaps were used in twenty-five patients and latissimus dorsi flaps in 34 patients. The indications included benign conditions in 10 patients, from which six has an atrofia of subcutaneous fattissue in the face. Carcinomas were treated in 50 patients. Forty squamous cell carcinomas involved 11 tumors of the floor of the mouth and 11 tongue carcinomas, five orbita and four nose reconstructions. The facial artery was the recipient vessel in 70% of the extra-oral and 68% of the intra-oral free flaps. The lingual artery was used in 12% of the cases, and the superior thyroid artery in 10% of the cases. Free flap procedures, do not increase the operation time substantially. The wound healing is excellent and the hospital stay shortened to 10 days. This quick recovery improves the quality of life for patients with often extensive cancer. Also major salvage procedure can be carried out after conventional methods have failed. PMID- 7046310 TI - [The use of free flaps for upper and lower extremities (author's transl)]. AB - Reconstructive procedure of the upper and the lower limbs by free flaps are presented. The most frequently used donor sites are analysed in order to make a choice according to their characteristics and their reliability. Attention is drawn to the fact that these new procedures bringing cutaneous, muscular, osseous or composite tissues are especially interesting in reconstruction of the distal half of the limbs but will not systematically replace the classical reconstructive surgery procedures. The donor sites are summarized in a recapitulatory table. PMID- 7046311 TI - [The thoracodorsal skin flap. Anatomy and clinical applications (author's transl)]. AB - The authors remind of the interest of the thoracodorsal flap among the free flaps and of the armpit as donor site. Two vast reliable and trustworthy skin flaps, with varying thickness, can fairly easily be taken at this level: - the first one, based on the cutaneous branch of the thoracodorsal artery, is a flat skin flap essentially cutaneous, specially convenient for the face because of its tissue colour, the thinness of the skin and its having no hair; - the second one, centered on the thoracodorsal muscle ending or artery of the latissimus dorsi muscle, allows to cut off a musculocutaneous flap that can take away, if necessary, the quasi-totality of the latissimus dorsi muscle. They describe the anatomical observations on twenty armpits dissected on cadavers and underline length, size and constancy of these vascular pedicles. They present three clinical applications which are representative of the most favorable indications of the thoracodorsal flap. PMID- 7046312 TI - [Microsurgical treatment of 132 peripheral nerves lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046313 TI - [Microsurgical repair of 110 digital nerves (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046314 TI - Ileal Crohn tissue and concomitant flora inoculated into germfree rats. AB - During the last decade, the presence of a transmissible agent in Crohn's disease has been disputed. Some authors have observed granulomatous changes in laboratory animals inoculated with Crohn tissue, while others have failed to do so. The reason for these differences in results might inter alia be the susceptibility of the recipient animals and/or the handling of the Crohn tissue. In the present study germfree rats, which are known ot be highly susceptible to microbial agents, were inoculated with ileal Crohn tissue with adjacent content. The Crohn tissue was handled in a way securing the least possible influence of oxygen on the anaerobic part of the flora. The animals were exsanguinated after 35 weeks. Specimens from the gastrointestinal tract and related organs were removed and examined histologically. In all 264 specimens from inoculated rats and 144 from untreated controls were examined. None of the inoculated germfree rats showed any patho-anatomical changes or other features related to Crohn's disease. PMID- 7046315 TI - The physiological activity of human faecal flora evaluated by determination of germfree animal characteristics. AB - Germfree animals exhibit specific physiological signs which have been labeled germfree animal characteristics. Such characteristics have been used in animals and in man to evaluate the influence of antibiotics on the intestinal flora. In order to evaluate the feasibility of using germfree animal characteristics in the evaluation of the intestinal flora in man, out-patients and hospitalized patients without gastrointestinal disorders were investigated. All patients were on a normal diet and had not been treated with antibiotics the year prior to the study. Samples of faeces were obtained at routine controls or after 10-14 days in hospital and analyzed for coprostanol to cholesterol ratios, mucin and stercobilin contents and proteolytic and tryptic activity. No differences were observed between out-patients and hospitalized patients. The germfree animal characteristics was of the same order of magnitude in man as in conventional animals. PMID- 7046316 TI - The physiological activity of human ileal flora in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis evaluated by determination of germfree animal characteristics. PMID- 7046317 TI - The physiological activity of the intestinal flora in patients with Crohn's disease studied by inoculation of germfree rats. PMID- 7046318 TI - Comparison of rubber band ligation and sclerosant injection for first and second degree haemorrhoids-- a prospective clinical trial. AB - Fifty patients with first or mild second degree haemorrhoids were randomly allocated to sclerosant injection (26) or rubber band ligation (24). One year after treatment 24 injection and 22 rubber band ligation patients were assessed. All patients presented with rectal bleeding; injection relieved 14 and rubber band ligation relieved 17 of this symptom (N.S.). Three of seven patients with prolapsing haemorrhoids who had sclerosant injections and five of seven who had rubber band ligation were relieved of this prolapse. However, a further six patients in the injection group developed prolapse for the first time during the one year follow-up period (p less than 0.05). Rubber band ligation relieved anal pain in 10 out of 14 patients whereas injection relieved only one patient of this symptom (p less than 0.05). Neither treatment influenced pruritus ani or faecal soiling. Although rubber band ligation caused more treatment discomfort, it is an effective management for first and mild second degree haemorrhoids and it should be considered as the procedure of choice. PMID- 7046319 TI - An evaluation of the azocoll colorimetric assay for quantitating proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 7046320 TI - What's new in diabetes mellitus? PMID- 7046321 TI - Discrimination of renovascular from essential hypertension by converting enzyme inhibition with an orally active compound. PMID- 7046322 TI - [Newly registered drugs]. PMID- 7046323 TI - Immunodeficiency in children with special reference to skin symptoms. AB - Immunodeficiency disorders are rare. The prevalence among Swedish children has been estimated to be 25 symptomatic cases per million during a 5-year period. A review of different immunodeficiency syndromes is presented, with special emphasis on those with skin symptoms. The specific treatment with immunological reconstitution by transplantation of bone marrow or cultured thymus fragments or fetal organs and immunoglobulin substitution, and the general care of the patients with, for example, antibiotics and physiotherapy are discussed. The need for an increased awareness of the existence of this patient group and its special problems is stressed, as the diagnosis is often delayed, allowing unnecessary secondary damage to develop. PMID- 7046324 TI - Psoriasis in children: characteristics, prognosis and therapy. A review. AB - Based on data from literature and a study of 245 psoriatic children psoriasis in children was found to be more sensitive to psychic trauma, more often triggered by infections, more often localized to face and scalp, more often itching, and earlier present in girls than boys. An unfavourable course has often been seen in children with an early onset of psoriasis or with psoriasis located to face and trunk. Before starting therapy precipitating causes of psoriasis such as infections and psychic trauma should be eliminated--if possible. Most scales should be removed before topical therapy is started. Mainly topical therapy should be given, favourably in combinations. UVB therapy is effective, also in children, and may be given in any home. PUVA should not be used as it accelerates the ageing of the skin and is possibly carcinogenic. Methotrexate is too hepatotoxic to be used in children. PMID- 7046325 TI - Podophyllotoxin for condylomata acuminata eradication. Clinical and experimental comparative studies on Podophyllum lignans, colchicine and 5-fluorouracil. PMID- 7046326 TI - The great budget and New Federalism debates. PMID- 7046327 TI - Neural mechanisms of pain: an overview. AB - There are two essential components of pain: discriminative and affective. The discriminative component includes the ability to identify the stimulus as originating from somatic or visceral tissue, determine some of the physical properties of the stimulus, and localize it in space, time, and along a continuum of intensities. The affective component is the experience of aversiveness which motivates escape, avoidance, and protective behavior. Both of these components of pain were acknowledged by Sir Charles Sherrington (1947) and must be considered in any discussion of the neurophysiological basis of pain. The neural mechanisms subserving discrimination and affect are different and may be differentially affected by drugs or surgical procedures. A consideration of pain mechanisms must also include the neural systems modulating pain, for it is well known that pain can be profoundly influenced by other somatic stimuli and by attentional, emotional, and cognitive factors. A thorough and detailed discussion of pain mechanisms is beyond the scope of this brief overview, but I will cover major features of the neural mechanisms currently thought to underlie the discriminative and affective dimensions of pain and the mechanisms by which pain may be modulated. PMID- 7046328 TI - Relief of postoperative pain by morphine in the epidural space - a controlled clinical study. PMID- 7046329 TI - Glucuronidation of morphine in human liver and interaction with oxazepam. AB - Morphine is primarily metabolized through glucuronidation by a microsomal UDP glucuronyltransferase. With the use of 14C-morphine the activity of this enzyme was measured in hepatic microsomes from ten kidney transplant donors with total cerebral infarction and four icteric patients with pancreatic carcinoma. In the former livers the rate of glucuronidation varied from 1.08 to 8.67 nmol per mg microsomal protein per min, with a mean value of 3.83. These values were somewhat higher than in the liver biopsies from the four cancer patients. Oxazepam, at 1/10 the concentration of morphine, inhibited the morphine glucuronidation by 35%. The inhibition was competitive. Salicylamide also inhibited the morphine glucuronidation but only at concentrations considerably higher than morphine. The relevance of the in vitro data for the in vivo situation is unclear, since the concentrations employed in this study are several-fold higher than those encountered in the plasma of patients treated with these drugs. PMID- 7046330 TI - Management of cancer pain. PMID- 7046331 TI - A double-blind clinical trial comparing alcuronium with pancuronium. AB - Alcuronium and pancuronium were compared as muscle relaxants in a randomized and double-blind trial in routine clinical circumstances during combined balanced anesthesia in 40 female patients. The course of endotracheal intubation at 2 min. was statistically significantly better (p less than 0.001) in the pancuronium group than in the alcuronium group. There were no differences between the two groups regarding relaxation, maintenance of anesthesia and postoperative recovery. In the pancuronium group the systolic blood pressure was significantly higher than in the alcuronium group at 2 minutes after induction (p less than 0.01), at 2 minutes after intubation (p less than 0.05) and before incision (p less than 0.05). Also the diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the pancuronium group at 2 minutes after induction (p less than 0.001), before incision (p less than 0.01) and at 2 minutes after incision (p less than 0.05) than in the alcuronium group. Thus alcuronium is preferable when hypertensive episodes are to be avoided whereas pancuronium would be more suitable when hypotension can be expected. PMID- 7046332 TI - A portable PEEP valve for 0-20 cm H2O. AB - Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation is a valuable method in modern critical care therapy. Nevertheless it is often necessary to take patients off the ventilator for routine physiotherapy as well as for special investigations and transport. Portable ventilators or manual bag ventilators are used during the offventilator periods. In order to keep the expiratory pressure in the therapeutic range it is desirable to have a portable PEEP valve available. This valve has to be lightweight, small, easy to use, stable and cheap. AMBU Danmark has designed such a PEEP valve which fits onto adult and pediatric Non Return (NR) valves. The latest design is a green PVC-spring type valve with a pressure range of 0-20 cm H2O. We have evaluated this valve in the laboratory for different flows, temperature, humidity and position, and in the clinic in various situations. We found the AMBU PEEP valve to be accurate and easy to use with a stable performance meeting all requirements for emergency medical care (EMC). PMID- 7046333 TI - Infertility and uterine colonization with Ureaplasma urealyticum. AB - Samples of cervical mucus and endometrial tissue from 379 women who were infertile for various reasons were examined for the presence of Ureaplasma urealyticum, and the results were compared with those obtained in 40 fertile women. In the cervical samples U. urealyticum was present in about half of the women in both groups, whereas positive cultures from the endometrium were obtained significantly more often among the infertile patients (26%) than among the controls (7.5%). Between the different infertility subgroups (unaccountable infertility, infertility caused by tubal abnormalities, husband infertility and other known causes) no significant differences were found. The presence of U. urealyticum in the endometrium was asymptomatic and was not related to prior pelvic inflammatory disease. In 14% of the Ureaplasma-positive endometria, aerobic or anaerobic bacteria were demonstrated. A treatment trial was also included in the study, but did not arrive at any definite conclusion as to the specific role of endometrial Ureaplasma colonization in infertility. PMID- 7046334 TI - Transfer of propranolol and sotalol across the human placenta. Their effect on maternal and fetal plasma renin activity. AB - Eighty milligrams of propranolol or sotalol was administered orally to two groups of 8 parturients who were to undergo elective cesarean section. This was performed 3 hours after drug administration. The transplacental passage of both drugs was registered in each patient. The maternal concentration of propranolol was approximately four times that in the umbilical circulation, while the sotalol level in maternal circulation was twice that in the umbilical circulation. The administration of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists caused a significant decrease in maternal plasma renin activity. After these doses of beta blockers, no difference in the plasma renin activity was found in the umbilical circulation, when compared with the previous normal values at cesarean section. PMID- 7046335 TI - Penetration of lymecycline (tetracycline) into the tissues of the Fallopian tube. AB - On the basis of a comparison of different methods used to determine the concentration of active lymecycline in Fallopian tube tissue, a method was adopted which allowed the determination of lymecycline in serosa and mucosa tissue of the Fallopian tube in 16 women undergoing hysterectomy. A difference in the concentration of active drug was found in serosa (greater than 1.7 mg/kg tissue) and mucosa (greater than 0.8 mg/kg tissue) in 16 patients on lymecycline therapy for 24 hours. These figures were fairly constant for the 7.5 hours following the administration. The figures are discussed in relation to the MIC values of the commonly found microorganisms in salpingitis. PMID- 7046336 TI - Malignant cervical teratoma of the fetus. AB - Cervical teratomas have been defined and one new case is now added to the 116 cases previously reported. We have been able to find only six reports of malignant teratoma in the literature so far. The problem of diagnosis and obstetric management are discussed briefly. The incidence of appearance of the tumor is described and the likelihood of hydramnios or of acute obstructive symptoms of the trachea and esophagus at birth are discussed. The differential diagnosis includes cystic hygroma, congenital goitre, bronchial cyst, lymphangioma, neuroblastoma, parotid tumor and carcinoma of the thyroid. The object of this review is to present a synoptic description of these tumors, their clinical manifestations, management, treatment and prognosis, so that it may afford the attending obstetrician a guideline in understanding this rare entity. PMID- 7046337 TI - Segmental replacement of the femur in baboons with fiber metal implants and autologous bone grafts of different particle size. AB - A study was made of bone ingrowth into fiber metal composite prostheses used to replace large segments of the femur in baboons. Bone grafts of two different types were used to cover the segment: chips of bone with large particle size and ground bone with a smaller particle size. The prosthetic segment was bridged by bone at 3 and 6 months in all cases irrespective of the structure of the transplant. In animals sacrificed at 6 months bone ingrowth occurred, with a marked difference between specimens with the two different grafts. In the ground bone specimens ingrowth occurred over the total surface area, and bone penetrated deep into the composite. With the chip grafts ingrowth was more irregular occurring only in some areas and it was always superficial. The difference is believed to be due to the improved contact between the fiber metal surface and the transplant. The lesser bulk of the ground transplant is advantageous when the soft tissue cover of the bone is thin. PMID- 7046338 TI - [Treatment of osteitis by excision and graft of spongy bone]. PMID- 7046339 TI - [Birth and development of otorhinolaryngology in the history of medicine]. PMID- 7046340 TI - Metabolic and hormonal effects of fasting in obese children. AB - A 30 hour fast induced a significant and comparable fall in blood glucose and branched-chain amino acid levels in both obese and control children, while the plasma levels of glycerol, lactate, pyruvate, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and the rest of the amino acids remained unchanged. Sustained hyperinsulinism, sustained higher triglyceride levels and a lower degree of FFA mobilization characterized the plasma of obese children during fasting. PMID- 7046341 TI - Relationship between metabolic control and plasma lipoprotein level in diabetic children. AB - All lipid and lipoprotein fractions except for total cholesterol were found to be high in diabetic children under long-term treatment. There was a positive correlation between HDL-cholesterol, HbA1a-c and the insulin dose. In untreated diabetic children, plasma triglyceride and its subfractions were also high, but phospholipids were normal. Total plasma cholesterol was normal, but its VLDL + LDL subfraction was increased and HDL-cholesterol low. After two months of insulin-treatment, parallel with the decrease of HbA1a-c, the HDL-cholesterol increased and there was a drop in the level of triglycerides. It is concluded that HDL-cholesterol is a good parameter of metabolic control during the initial therapy of diabetes. In patients under long-term treatment there is no such a simple relationship between control and HDL-cholesterol and the daily insulin dose seems to play an important role in the regulation of plasma HDL-cholesterol. PMID- 7046342 TI - Protein turnover rate in early life. PMID- 7046343 TI - Nephrotic syndrome with diffuse mesangial IgM deposits. AB - The renal biopsies of three cases of nephrotic syndrome were examined by light, electron and immunofluorescent microscopy. The histological appearances were characterized by mild mesangial proliferation and extensive diffuse and global deposition of IgM in the mesangial areas, with some in the capillary walls. C3 and C1q were also identified in two of the cases. Electron microscopy revealed scanty electron dense deposits in the mesangial areas and subendothelial spaces. All three patients had a nephrotic proteinuria but no hematuria. None had hypertension or renal dysfunction throughout their clinical courses. They received steroid therapy and achieved complete remission within one month after the initial treatment. Two of them, however, have had frequent relapses whenever the dosage of steroid was gradually reduced. One case continues to be free of proteinuria. These cases indicate that a distinct disease may exist, because of the uniform immunofluorescent findings. We wish to designate it as IgM nephropathy. PMID- 7046344 TI - Metrifonate and dichlorvos: theoretical and practical aspects. History and scope of the conference. PMID- 7046345 TI - Comparison of atropine and dexetimide in treatment of intoxications by selected organophosphates. AB - Mice and guinea pigs were intoxicated by three different organophosphates: DFP, paraoxon, and OMPA. After onset of intoxication the animals were treated by either a mixture of atropine plus obidoxim or dexetimide plus obidoxim. The combination of dexetimide plus reactivator proved to be superior to the combination of atropine plus reactivator in case of DFP intoxication. In guinea pig the LD50 of DFP could be increased from about 20 to 1300 micrometers/kg b.wt. by dexetimide plus obidoxim when applied after the onset of intoxication. Concerning the paraoxon intoxication both antidote mixtures were found to be equally potent, whereas the purely peripheral intoxication induced by OMPA could only be influenced to a minor degree. The tissue distribution of atropine and dexetimide differs markedly, dexetimide being accumulated faster and to a higher degree. Thus the higher penetration rate of dexetimide into the central nervous system is considered to be the reason of its superiority in the treatment of an organophosphate intoxication of rapid onset. PMID- 7046346 TI - Effects of sulfonylurea on the secretion and disposition of insulin and C peptide. AB - In an attempt to examine the influence of sulfonylurea on the secretion, disposition and effect of insulin, 9 diabetic patients were studied during three one-month medications with (a) chlorpropamide (t1/2 greater than 24 h) once daily, (b) glipizide (t1/2 2-4 h) once daily, and (c) glipizide in divided dosage. The food intake of each patient was identical during each examination period. Blood concentrations of C-peptide, insulin, glucose, and drugs were determined before and after breakfast and lunch on the 4th day of each examination period. As expected, once-daily administration of glipizide led to higher after-breakfast concentrations of the drug than when the dose was divided. However, the C-peptide changes following breakfast were similar both during these two treatments and also during chlorpropamide, indicating that the amounts of insulin released from the pancreas were equivalent. In spite of this, glipizide once daily yielded 60-70% more insulin in systemic blood following breakfast than did the two other treatments. Reasonably, this signifies that the hepatic extraction of insulin was reduced during once-daily glipizide, allowing more insulin to reach systemic circulation. In addition, this was found to promote a more effective utilization of glucose following breakfast. Following lunch, the C peptide release, the plasma insulin increase and the blood glucose reduction were greater when glipizide was given in divided dosage than when once-daily glipizide or chlorpropamide was employed. This occurred even though the after-lunch concentration of glipizide in systemic blood was lower rather than higher during divided than during once-daily administration. This supports the notion that the effect of orally administered sulfonylurea is determined not only by its concentration in systemic blood but also by its gastroenterohepatic appearance. Glipizide may offer greater therapeutic flexibility than chlorpropamide, but further studies are required to define the optimum choice and use of sulfonylureas. PMID- 7046347 TI - Plasma insulin and C-peptide in normal and glucose intolerant males: the role of hepatic insulin uptake. AB - Plasma immunoreactive insulin and peptide were measured in the basal and glucose stimulated state in middle-age males. Normals were compared with individuals with mild to moderate glucose intolerance. Ths results demonstrate the value of C peptide measurements in the assessment of "true" insulin secretion and suggest that a reduced hepatic insulin extraction is a feature of the glucose intolerant state. PMID- 7046348 TI - Reticulocytes and insulin binding to erythrocytes. AB - The relationship between erythrocyte insulin receptors and the reticulocytes were studied in a group with a varying degree of reticulocytosis. The maximal I insulin binding to erythrocytes varied between 6% and 37% and it showed a highly significant positive correlation with the reticulocyte count (r=0.85). The highest binding was found in a patient with hereditary spherocytosis and very active hematopoiesis (312 x 10(9) reticulocytes per litre). The results suggest that insulin receptors are predominantly localized to the young erythrocytes, and that further studies are needed to characterize the dependence of the receptor on erythrocyte maturation. PMID- 7046349 TI - Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by human diabetic, normal adult, and embryonic fibroblasts in relation to insulin levels. AB - Sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis by human diabetic, non-diabetic, and embryonic cells was studied. No effect of insulin on net synthesis was noted. Thus, the data do not indicate a role for total sulfated glycosaminoglycan production in the diabetic connective tissue disturbance mediated by insulin. PMID- 7046350 TI - B-cell secretion in non-diabetics and insulin-dependent diabetics. PMID- 7046351 TI - Oral antidiabetic therapy. PMID- 7046352 TI - Klebsiella pneumoniae enterotoxin. I. Effect of aeration on production and toxicity assay in animals. PMID- 7046353 TI - Drug-receptor interaction on plasmid elimination by phenothiazines and imipramine in Escherichia coli. AB - Plasmid elimination in Escherichia coli by a quaternary amine of chlorpromazine was demonstrated on different incompatibility groups of plasmid. The biological effect of the drug depends partly on the host bacteria and partly on the plasmid itself. Various receptor substrates such as adenosine, dopamine, histamine and norepinephrine do not alter the plasmid elimination by promethazine and imipramine. None of the known drug-receptors studied are involved in drug binding of the bacteria. The direct membrane action of imipramine and promethazine was demonstrated in electron microscopic studies and alterations in the bacterial membrane such as discontinuities, phase separation or rarely extensive lytic alterations were observed. Magnesium ions prevent the ultrastructural membrane alterations caused by imipramine and promethazine. There is some evidence that the drugs bind to two different receptor sites simultaneously on the plasmid replication site. The first and strongest binding has to be ionic through the side chain amino group, displacing the bivalent cations. In turn, the two aromatic rings of the fixed (ionically bound) drug molecules bind weakly through pi-electrons, hydrophobically or by a charge transfer complex. This weaker binding together with the ionic one are essential for biologic action and lead to the inhibition of plasmid replication. A schematic model of the effect of tricyclic psychotropic drugs on the bacterial membrane is proposed. PMID- 7046354 TI - A provisional chromosome map of Shigella and the regions related to pathogenicity. AB - Based on the literature and the authors' studies, the genetic markers of Shigella and the chromosome regions connected with pathogenicity are listed. A provisional map of Shigella chromosome and another provisional map indicating the chromosomal regions related to Shigella virulence have been constructed. Both maps could be useful for further genetic investigations of Shigella. PMID- 7046355 TI - Some characteristics of nystatin-resistant sterol mutants of Candida albicans. AB - Various stable, auxotrophic and nystatin-resistant sterol mutants of Candida albicans were isolated after nitrosoguanidine treatment. Sterol mutants were divided into groups on the basis of the ultraviolet spectra and thin-layer chromatographic patterns of their nonsaponifiable sterol extracts. They were further characterized by their conductometrically measured nystatin-induced ion release. These sterol mutants displayed a decreased growth yield and an increased cell volume. On media containing 0.01% of the carbon sources, most of them could assimilate glycerol, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, DL-lactic acid, L-sorbose, L arabinose and ribitol only to a significantly reduced extent, or not at all. It is presumed that these properties result from the altered sterol composition of the plasma membrane. PMID- 7046356 TI - Ezras A. Asratyan. PMID- 7046357 TI - [Temporary restorations in fixed dentures. Concept and production according to esthetic, biological and functional criteria]. PMID- 7046358 TI - The juvenile justice system and its treatment of the juvenile: an overview. AB - This article examines the juvenile court system in the United States and traces its history and philosophy. It goes on to question the concept of "juvenile delinquency" and the validity of such a concept, and looks at the "status" offender. The article presents figures and statistics which pose questions involving the efficacy of the juvenile justice system and its treatment of the young and concludes by presenting some measures which have been suggested by studies set up to establish uniform standards relating to treatment of the young. PMID- 7046359 TI - Supersensitivity and nomifensine in depressed patients. PMID- 7046360 TI - Viloxazine (Vivalan ICI) in depression: results of a field trial of 276 patients in neuropsychiatric practice. AB - 276 ambulatory depressed patients were entered into a multicentered clinical study to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of viloxazine. Results from global assessment by the trialist showed that viloxazine monotherapy produced a good response in 83% of patients. Improvement has been seen in all grades of depression including the sad-depressed, inhibited-apathetic and masked-depressed syndrome. Only 38 patients did not improve on viloxazine and even including 46 withdrawals because of insufficient efficacy and/or side-effects, the clinical response with viloxazine exceeded by far the rate of spontaneous remission expected in depressive illness, thus reducing a major objection against open studies like this. This study also confirmed the rapid onset of drug effect; since as early as after 1 week of treatment, statistically significant improvements were seen even in severe forms of depression. As to the unwanted effects of therapy, viloxazine was again favourably assessed by trialists. Nausea and vomiting were the main side-effects reported and accounted for withdrawal in 8% of the original 276 patients. As expected from previous findings no change in cardiovascular function was observed. So it can be concluded from this open trial, that VIVALAN ICI is an effective antidepressant for use in out-patients. It produces a fairly rapid onset of action and has been generally well tolerated. PMID- 7046361 TI - Four new atypical antidepressants (trazodone, mianserin, nomifensine, caroxazone): results of controlled trials. PMID- 7046362 TI - SAMe versus placebo: a double blind comparison in major depressive disorders. PMID- 7046363 TI - Early clinical double-blind study with S-adenosyl-L-methionine: a new potential antidepressant. PMID- 7046364 TI - Treating the depressed elderly patient: the comparative behavioral pharmacology of mianserin and amitriptyline. AB - MIA is an effective antidepressant, comparable in therapeutic efficacy to the TCAs. Further, because of its weak antimuscarinic effects. Further, because of its weak antimuscarinic effects, MIA produces no significant cognitive impairment, alteration of cardiovascular function of anticholinergic side effects compared to the TCA's. While drowsiness is the most frequently reported adverse reaction with MIA, an h.s. dosing schedule can provide relief of insomnia and improve the quality of sleep (47,61). Therefore, because of MIA's advantageous pharmacodynamic profile, it offers an improvement in therapeutic index over the TCAs in the treatment of depression in the elderly. PMID- 7046365 TI - A double blind comparative study of mianserin and a fixed combination of amitriptyline plus chlordiazepoxide. AB - A double-blind comparative trial was carried out in 64 depressed out-patients, comparing mianserin with a fixed combination of amitriptyline + chlordiazepoxide. Both preparations proved to be equally effective at the end of the trial, but the mianserin group showed a considerable therapeutic improvement at the end of the second week, in comparison to the other group. With regard to side-effects, mianserin produced by far less side-effects than the combination of amitriptyline + chlordiazepoxide. It was concluded that mianserin should be considered as one of the most suitable drugs for the treatment of depressed out-patients. PMID- 7046366 TI - Comparative double-blind study on efficacy and side-effects of trazodone, nomifensine, mianserin in elderly patients. PMID- 7046367 TI - A new antidepressant agent: amitriptyline-N-oxide. PMID- 7046368 TI - Initial clinical evaluation of a new nontricyclic antidepressant: clovoxamine. PMID- 7046369 TI - A possible role of opioid substances in depression. PMID- 7046371 TI - The history of the Boyd R. McCandless Young Scientist Awards: the first recipients. PMID- 7046370 TI - The mode of action of sulpiride as an atypical antidepressant agent. AB - It can be said that sulpiride exerts a disinhibitory effect in both depression and schizophrenia but this is not associated with mechanisms through which typical antidepressant or anxiolytic agents act. Sulpiride acts selectively as a dopamine receptor antagonist in the brain, its effects on other neuronal systems being extremely limited. Indeed, it may act even selectively within the dopamine systems in that it would appear it specifically interacts with one sub-population of cerebral dopamine receptors. Within a given dopamine receptor system sulpiride may exert a differential pre-synaptic action on dopamine neurones although the evidence for this remains controversial. The disinhibitory effects in depression may be due to a preferential pre-synaptic action of the drug on dopamine neurones causing over-activation of cerebral dopamine post-synaptic receptors causing behavioural arousal and motor facilitation. On the other hand, the disinhibitory effect of sulpiride in schizophrenia may also involve the preferential pre synaptic action of the drug coupled with the specificity of post-synaptic action to result in little sedation or motor retardation. Sulpiride may also differentially antagonise post-synaptic dopamine receptors in different brain areas and this may also be critically involves in its unusual spectrum of neuroleptic action. PMID- 7046372 TI - Concept development. PMID- 7046373 TI - Production and perception of facial expressions in infancy and early childhood. PMID- 7046374 TI - Individual differences in infant sociability: their origins and implications for cognitive development. PMID- 7046375 TI - Social bases of language development: a reassessment. PMID- 7046376 TI - Perceptual anisotropies in infancy: ontogenetic origins and implications of inequalities in spatial vision. PMID- 7046377 TI - Fate of epoxides. PMID- 7046378 TI - The metabolic activation of some polycyclic hydrocarbons: the role of dihydrodiols and diol-epoxides. PMID- 7046379 TI - Highly tumorigenic bay-region diol epoxides from the weak carcinogen benzo[c]phenanthrene. AB - In the four years since its inception, the bay-region theory has proved highly successful in predicting which diol epoxide of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon would have the highest tumorigenic activity. The present studies on benzo[c]phenanthrene have shown this hydrocarbon to be unique. It is the first hydrocarbon for which the bay-region diol epoxide that has its benzylic hydroxyl group and epoxide oxygen cis (isomer-1 series) has significant tumorigenic activity. Additionally, its bay-region diol epoxides are the most tumorigenic diol epoxides yet tested on mouse skin despite their expected and observed very low chemical reactivity. Perhaps some unique feature of the shape of benzo[c]phenanthrene can account for the remarkable biological activity of its bay-region diol epoxides. The high degree of crowding in the bay-region of benzo[c]phenanthrene may be such a contributing factor. It is know, for example, that methyl-substitution in the bay-region but not on the critical benzo-ring enhances the tumorigenic activity of 7,12-dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene relative to 7-methylbenzo[a]anthracene (Newman, 1976), of 5-methylchrysene relative to chrysene (Hecht et al., 1974), and of 11-methylbenzo[a]pyrene relative to benzo[a]pyrene (Iyer et al., 1980). Steric crowding in the bay-region of benzo[c]phenanthrene (Hirshfeld, 1963) and 7,12-dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene has been shown by x-ray crystallography to cause out-of-plane deformation of their aromatic ring systems. PMID- 7046380 TI - Metabolic activation of bromopropyl compounds. PMID- 7046381 TI - Metabolism of vinyl halides: in vitro studies on roles of potential activated metabolites. PMID- 7046382 TI - The activating role of glutathione in the mutagenicity of 1,2-dibromoethane. PMID- 7046383 TI - Effects of chlorinated paraffins on some drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver and in the Ames test. PMID- 7046384 TI - Metabolic aspects of the comutagenic action of norharman. PMID- 7046385 TI - Metabolism and mutagenic activation of 2-acetylaminofluorene by human liver and lung. PMID- 7046386 TI - Optimum S9 concentrations in bacterial mutagenicity assays. PMID- 7046387 TI - Effects of plating efficiency and lowered concentrations of salts on mutagenicity assays with Ames' Salmonella strains. PMID- 7046388 TI - Threshold levels in toxicology: significance of inactivation mechanisms. AB - Metabolic inactivation of chemicals may prevent toxic effects of reactive intermediates when present at low levels whereas inactivation may be overcome at high levels changing dose-effect relation. This is demonstrated in various in vitro test systems: a) Monooxygenase-mediated metabolism causes formation of reactive oxygen species which induce DNA repair in lymphoblastoid cells. DNA damage is suppressed in the presence of glutathione (GSH), catalase or superoxide dismutase. b) Chloroprene is mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium but not carcinogenic, possibly due to inactivation by GSH-conjugations. c) Chlorodinitrobenzene is not mutagenic is Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of GSH. However it is increasingly mutagenic at concentrations exceeding those of the GSH. d) Suppression of glucuronidation and sulfation in isolated hepatocytes highly increases irreversible binding of naphthalene. It is concluded that information on the metabolism of chemicals is essential for interpretation of toxicity studies in animals and their relevance to man. PMID- 7046389 TI - Metabolism and toxicity of aflatoxins. PMID- 7046390 TI - Metabolic activation of 2-acetylaminofluorene. PMID- 7046391 TI - Metabolism of procarbazine [N-isopropyl-alpha-(2-methylhydrazino)-p-toluamide HCl]. PMID- 7046392 TI - Metabolism of mutagenic amino-gamma-carbolines in tryptophan pyrolysates. PMID- 7046393 TI - Genetic aspects of macrophage activation for tumor cytotoxicity. PMID- 7046394 TI - A differential responsiveness of in vitro differentiating mononuclear phagocytes from bone marrows of normal and inflamed mice to lymphokines and poly I . poly C. PMID- 7046395 TI - [A study on antihypertensive and antisclerotic effects of captopril on the retinal arteriole in SHRSP (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046396 TI - [The formation of the lateral supporter bearing in the crown (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046397 TI - [Sensitivity of endodontic microbiological population to antibiotics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046398 TI - The use of FA-technique for detecting Francisella tularensis in formalin fixed material. A method useful in routine post mortem work. PMID- 7046399 TI - The significance of NT1, NT2, and NT3 antigens in epidemiological investigations of bovine group-B streptococcus infections. PMID- 7046400 TI - The effects of sugar alcohols on metabolism of growing pigs. PMID- 7046401 TI - Garland lecture. Coronary arteriography: pathologic and prognostic implications. AB - Coronary arteriography is properly considered the in vivo "gold standard" by which all other clinical diagnostic criteria and noninvasive tests of coronary disease are gauged. In most respects, the radiographic-morphologic findings of the coronary arteriogram are readily translated into the pathologic substrate of disease. Careful correlative studies suggest, however, that in an important group of patients the arteriogram underpredicts the degree of disease, and in a far smaller group it overpredicts. Furthermore, there is no "one" correct interpretation of the coronary arteriogram; there are striking inter- and intraindividual variations in the assessment of the degree of stenosis when experts evaluate the examinations. Despite the discrepancies in angiographic pathologic correlation and in multiple observer analysis, coronary arteriography in its present form represents an important predictive element in assessing the prognosis for the patient with coronary disease. The distribution and degree of the lesions per se are important prognostic factors, but these take on additional force in the presence of asynergy, cardiac enlargement, congestive heart failure, or depressed ejection fraction, all of which worsen the prognosis significantly. PMID- 7046402 TI - Review. In utero sonographic diagnosis of fetal cerebral anomalies. AB - Obstetric sonography can be used to diagnose anomalies in the fetal brain. Cystic masses in the fetal brain may be due to hydrocephalus, hydranencephaly, holoprosencephaly, or arachnoid cysts. The relations of the falx cerebrum, ventricular system, and cerebral convexities are essential in distinguishing among these anomalies. Anencephaly and encephaloceles can also be detected by sonography. A review of the literature and experience with 10 cases is discussed. PMID- 7046403 TI - Review: Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid: radiographic features of a unique tumor. AB - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is a unique neoplasm characterized by consistent production of a hormonal marker, calcitonin, calcification of both primary and metastatic foci, and association with other endocrine neoplasms. It accounts for 3.5%--10% of all thyroid malignancies. First described by Hazard et al. [1] in 1959, this neoplasm has become the focus of increasing clinical and experimental investigation. It occurs both sporadically and in families. When familial, it is seen as a component of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type II (MEN-II) syndromes. Interest in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid far exceeds that warranted by its infrequent occurrence. Over 200 articles dealing with this tumor have appeared in the medical literature in the last 10 years. This may be attributed to the number of distinctive properties of the tumor: the familial occurrence when associated with endocrinopathies, the propensity to produce amyloid, and the great synthetic capability for the biogenic amines calcitonin, serotonin, histaminase, and prostaglandins. Of greatest importance is the value of calcitonin radioimmunoassay for detecting patients with the tumor even though it may be evident clinically. Fifty-three patients with surgically and biochemically proven medullary carcinoma were evaluated and followed at Duke University Medical Center from 1968 to 1981. Ten patients with sporadic tumor, 37 with MEN type IIa, and six with MEN type IIb prompted this review. They will be used to illustrate the varied and sometimes characteristic radiographic manifestations of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. This tumor has a spectrum of radiographic features in multiple organs that, when familial, facilitate its recognition and treatment. PMID- 7046404 TI - Intussusception on small bowel examinations in children. AB - Six children in whom an intussusception was diagnosed on a small bowel follow through examination are presented. The radiographic signs of intussusception on such a study include: (1) a narrow channel of barium representing the compressed lumen of the intussusceptum, (2) a soft-tissue mass on either side of this channel due to hypertrophy and edema of the walls of the intussuceptum and intussuscipiens, (3) a coil spring appearance around the narrow channel, and (4) a mass lesion at the distal end of the narrow channel. Not all of these signs are present in each case. Intussusception is a dynamic process and the value of delayed films and frequent fluoroscopy during small bowel follow-through studies in these cases is stressed. All six cases had a demonstrable lesion as a lead point. Jejunal intussusceptions are usually caused by bening lesions--malignancy being found almost exclusively in distal intussusceptions. PMID- 7046405 TI - Ejection fraction derived using dye dilution and angiographic methods. AB - Ventriculographically derived ejection fraction (EF-V) is the most frequently used method to measure left ventricular (LV) function, However, significant error may result in the measurement of end-systolic volume (ESV), which is used to calculate EF-V. This error is ascribed to the variable, irregular, nonellipsoidal geometry of the end-systolic ventricular chamber. Since stroke volume (SV) is determined more accurately by dilution methods than by ventriculography, an improved measure of ESV can be calculated by subtracting green dye determined SV from the ventriculographic determined end-diastolic volume (EDV). The purpose of this study was to measure a correlated ejection fraction (EF-C) using EDV by ventriculography and SV derived using green dye. In eight anesthesized dogs cardiac outputs (COs) were calculated by green dye and left ventriculography. CO determined by ventriculography was greater than that measured by green dye (p less than 0.005). EF-V (55 +/- 15%) was always greater than EF-C (32 +/- 12%) (p less than 0.005). These studies (1) may partially explain the discrepancy in CO calculated from the use of dilution methods and ventriculography and (2) present a method to improve the calculation of LV ejection fraction. PMID- 7046406 TI - The spectrum of cardiovascular disease in the Marfan syndrome: a clinico morphologic study of 18 necropsy patients and comparison to 151 previously reported necropsy patients. PMID- 7046407 TI - Inotropic properties of captopril. PMID- 7046408 TI - The sparkling joules of internal cardiac stimulation: cardioversion, defibrillation, and ablation. PMID- 7046409 TI - Pentoxifylline efficacy in the treatment of intermittent claudication: multicenter controlled double-blind trial with objective assessment of chronic occlusive arterial disease patients. AB - The efficacy, safety, and tolerance of pentoxifylline (Trental, Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) in the treatment of intermittent claudication associated with chronic occlusive arterial disease (COAD) were evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter clinical trial involving a total of 128 outpatients. The response to treatment was ascertained at regular intervals during the trial by measuring the distance walked prior to the onset of claudication when patients were subjected to a standardized treadmill test. Pentoxifylline given orally in doses up to 1200 mg/day was significantly more effective than placebo in increasing both the initial and absolute claudication distances in patients with COAD. Reduction of lower limb paresthesias also suggested greater clinical improvement in the pentoxifylline treated patients. These results support the hypothesis that pentoxifylline reduces blood viscosity by improving red cell flexibility, and thereby enhances blood flow in patients with COAD. White the precise mode of therapeutic action requires clarification, pentoxifylline was well tolerated with minimal unwanted effects. PMID- 7046410 TI - Gold- 195m, a new generator-produced short-lived radionuclide for sequential assessment of ventricular performance by first pass radionuclide angiocardiography. AB - The feasibility of performing rapid sequential first pass radionuclide angiocardiography using a new short-lived radiotracer, gold-195m (195mAu) half life 30.5 seconds) was evaluated. This radionuclide emits a 262 keV gamma ray and is the daughter of mercury-195 (195mHg) (half-life 41.6 hours). The prototype tabletop 195mHg/195mAu generator produced 20 to 25 mCi of 195mAu in 2 ml of eluate (yield of 40 percent). The breakthrough of 195mHg in the eluate was 0.02 percent of the amount of 195mHg in the generator. The eluate contained 20 microCi of 195mHg per study, resulting in an estimated human radiation dose of 0.007 rad/study to the whole body and 0.34 rad/study to the kidney. Four dogs each had 15 to 20 sequential first pass studies performed with 195mHg at 3 to 10 minute intervals using a computerized multicrystal gamma camera. During the left ventricular phase, 160,000 to 190,000 counts/s were acquired. The end-diastolic left ventricular region of interest contained 3,000 to 6,000 counts (background- and decay-corrected). Multiple reproducible values for left ventricular ejection fraction were obtained during stable conditions. The mean (+/- standard deviation) interstudy variability was 4 +/- 2 percent. During infusion of isoproterenol, rapid increase of left ventricular ejection fraction was demonstrated. Excellent agreement was observed between studies performed with technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) and 195mAu. The mean interstudy difference was 4 +/- 3 percent. Thus, sufficiently high yield and dose are obtained from the 195mHg/195mAu generator for reliable high count rate first pass determination of left ventricular ejection fraction. This new short lived radiotracer makes possible rapid sequential assessments of ventricular function at greatly reduced patient exposure to radiation. PMID- 7046411 TI - Effect of physical form of carbohydrate on the postprandial glucose, insulin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses in type 2 diabetes. AB - In the present study we measured the postprandial glucose, insulin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses to 75 g carbohydrate administered either as glucose, unpolished (brown) rice, or ground brown rice to six recently diagnosed type 2 diabetics and six healthy subjects. The diabetic and normal subjects responded in a qualitatively similar manner to the three meals although there were major quantitative differences. Brown rice elicited significantly lower postprandial glucose, insulin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses than either ground brown rice or glucose in both groups. There were no significant differences in the metabolic responses to ground brown rice (complex carbohydrate) and glucose (simple carbohydrate) in either diabetic or normal subjects. These data highlight the role of the physical form of complex carbohydrate in determining metabolic responses to it in both diabetic and normal subjects, and provide a rationale for designing diabetic diets containing complex carbohydrate in a form which is slowly digested and absorbed. PMID- 7046412 TI - Randomized clinical trial of megestrol acetate versus tamoxifen in paramenopausal or castrated women with advanced breast cancer. AB - Fifty-five women with progressive metastatic breast cancer who were paramenopausal (1 to less than 5 years since last menstrual period) or castrated were randomized to receive either megestrol acetate (150 mg/m2 daily in three divided doses) or tamoxifen (10 mg twice daily). The regression rate (complete plus partial) was higher for tamoxifen (26%) than for megestrol acetate (14%), but not significantly so. Analysis of time to treatment failure showed no significant difference (medians: megestrol acetate, 65 days; tamoxifen, 58 days). There was survival advantage associated with megestrol acetate (P = 0.02 after adjustment for stratification factors) that is difficult to interpret given the results of analysis of regression and time to treatment failure for the two agents. PMID- 7046413 TI - Phase II trial of piperazinedione in metastatic sarcoma. AB - Thirty-five patients with metastatic sarcomas received piperazinedione 9 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Of 27 evaluable patients, 3 patients had stable disease for at least 6 weeks. The dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. Piperazinedione is inactive in patients with drug-resistant metastatic sarcomas. PMID- 7046414 TI - Phase II trials of methylglyoxal-bis (guanylhydrazone). AB - Broad phase II trial of methylglyoxal-bi (guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) is under way at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Studies in renal cell carcinoma, lymphomas, and non-small-cell lung cancer are completed, and substantial numbers of patients with esophageal and head and neck cancer have been treated. Small numbers of patients with other solid tumors have also been entered into the study. MGBG has significant antineoplastic activity against lymphomas, with 16/40 heavily pretreated patients (40%) having partial remissions (PR) lasting 1 to 8+ months. MGBG has also demonstrated more modest activity in non-small-cell lung cancer, esophageal, and head and neck carcinoma; it appears to have little or no therapeutic value in renal cell cancer. Toxicities have been manageable, and included mild nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis, and myelosuppression. The dose-limiting toxicity, seen most frequently in those patients with impaired renal function, was lethargy and fatigue. MGBG has demonstrated activity in lymphomas, lung, esophageal, and head and neck cancer. Further trials of this agent are indicated, both alone and in combination. PMID- 7046415 TI - The 46th Janeway Lectureship. The American Radium Society. PMID- 7046416 TI - New procedure for detecting antinuclear antibodies using glucose oxidase immunoenzyme technic. AB - Enzyme glucose oxidase was used as the label on the secondary antibody in an indirect ANA-test procedure using rat kidney tissue as the antigen-source. Glucose oxidase is not endogenously present in mammalian tissues and, therefore, produces no background staining as obtained with flurochrome and peroxidase labels, which are commonly used to detect tissue antigens. Pseudoperoxidase-like activity of the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes in mammalian tissues is responsible for the interfering background stain when peroxidase label is used. Unlike Diaminobenzidine, the staining reagent commonly used with peroxidase, chromogenic reagents used with glucose oxidase are not carcinogenic. Glucose oxidase as a label for antibodies has advantages over flurochrome labels in being permanently stable, producing no background stain, and increasing the sensitivity of the method. Comparative evaluation of the glucose oxidase procedure and the commonly used flurochrome-ANA and peroxidase-ANA methods is reported. Results with 150 serum samples show the potential of this new method as a routine ANA testing procedure in clinical laboratories. PMID- 7046417 TI - Dipeptidyl(amino)peptidase IV (DAP-IV) histochemistry on normal and pathologic lymphoid tissues. AB - The enzyme glycyl-proline-naphthylamidase (dipeptidyl-amino-peptidase IV), (DAP IV) has been histochemically analysed in normal and pathological specimens of different lymphoid tissues. In all the tissues examined, the enzyme appeared to be highly specific for T cells. Using chloroformacetone fixation and sections of proper thickness, DAP-IV could be successfully demonstrated in cortical thymocytes, which exhibited weak reactivity, as well as in medullary thymocytes which showed a more intense and variable reactivity. A similar reactivity was observed in T cells of peripheral blood, lymph node, and spleen. Various acute lymphoblastic and nonlymphoblastic leukemias and malignant lymphomas were studied using the histochemical method for DAP-IV. Malignant cells from all the acute leukemias and from the B-cell lymphomas were DAP-IV unreactive, while strong reactivity was observed in one case of T-CLL and one case of T-PLL. The possible relationship of DAP-IV positivity pattern with T-cell maturation and its potential use as a diagnostic tool in lymphoproliferative disorders are discussed. PMID- 7046418 TI - Detection of toxoplasma antigen in tissues by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of free toxoplasma antigens in patient sera was applied for demonstration of toxoplasmosis in tissues. Unfixed organs stored at room temperature remain antigen-positive for weeks, even when parasites are no longer demonstrable by means of direct immunofluorescence testing. Chronically infected brains, containing tenths of cysts do not react positive, whereas recently infected brains (proliferative stage) are positive, suggesting that with this ELISA method discrimination can be made between different stages of the infection. PMID- 7046419 TI - A comparison of two methods of processing blood cultures in a community hospital. AB - Two different methods of processing blood cultures were compared at a community hospital. A day three "blind" subculture and five days of observation for visible growth was used during one year (Phase I), compared with a day five "blind" subculture and seven days of observation for visible growth during the second twelve-month period (Phase II). Phase II was not associated with an increased number of probable pathogens isolated from blood cultures, compared with the earlier "blind" subculture and shorter observation for visible growth used during Phase I. Instead, the later "blind" subculture and longer observation for visible growth yielded a significantly greater number of probable blood culture contaminants. Recommendations for processing of blood cultures developed at referral centers may not be applicable to community hospitals, and the timing of "blind" subcultures and duration of observation for visible growth should be based on the unique patient population characteristics of each hospital. PMID- 7046420 TI - Relative merits of the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) and unlabeled peroxidase antiperoxidase technics for studying polypeptide hormones. PMID- 7046421 TI - Influenza immunization in children and young adults: clinical reactions and total and IgM antibody responses after immunization with whole-virus or split-product influenza vaccines. AB - Clinical reactions and hemagglutinating-inhibiting (HAI) antibody responses to recent whole-virus and split-product influenza vaccines were studied in 168 children and young adults. The subjects initially received a monovalent vaccine, followed one month later by a trivalent preparation. The reactogenicity of whole virus and split-product vaccines with an equivalent hemagglutinin content was similar except in the youngest age (6 to 36 months) group in which the whole virus preparation was more reactogenic. The whole-virus vaccines were more immunogenic, especially in subjects who were previously unprimed (preimmunization HAI antibody titer, less than 5). In these subjects, the geometric mean titers of HAI antibody wee significantly higher after vaccination with whole-virus vaccines than the split-product vaccines. Specific IgM antibody was found more frequently after vaccination with whole-virus vaccines (34%) than after split-product vaccines (11%). PMID- 7046422 TI - Septicemia and hernia. PMID- 7046423 TI - Group B streptococcal cellulitis-adenitis in infants. AB - Seven infants with group B streptococcal (GBS) cellulitis-adenitis were compared with nine previously described patients. The clinical features of infection included a mean age at onset of five weeks, a male predominance (75%), a history of poor feeding or irritability (94%), and a rapid resolution with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Bacteremia occurred in 94% of the patients. Type III GBS were associated with 75% of these infections; no antibody response to the capsular antigen of these organisms was detected in convalescent sera. Two of our cases had previously unreported sites of involvement, inguinal lymph nodes and a thyroglossal duct cyst. Four infants (80%) with typical facial or submandibular GBS cellulitis had ipsilateral otitis media at the time of admission. Otitis media with subsequent lymphatic spread to facial or submandibular areas, rather than primary bacteremia, may explain the pathogenesis of these unusual infections. PMID- 7046425 TI - Fatal commercial air transport crashes, 1924-1981. Review of history and information on fatal crashes. PMID- 7046424 TI - The Rockne crash. American commercial air crash investigation in the early years. AB - In midmorning on March 31, 1931, at Bazaar, Kansas (between Kansas City and Wichita), an F-10A air transport of the Transcontinental and Western Airline crashed in bad weather, resulting in the loss of the two crew members and six passengers. This crash brought the sensational news to the American public of the death of Knute Rockne, the lengendary football coach of Notre Dame University. It also focused the public's attention on the hazards of airline travel in America 50 years ago. The response of the Department of Commerce's Committee on aviation Safety, developing since 1926, helped assure the public that a proper investigation into questions of safety of airline transports was made. The response to the crash of the F-10A transport that killed Rockne was to ground all the planes and carefully examine the wings for defects. This resulted in the eventual removal of all wooden wings from air transports and effectively demonstrated the need for advanced aircraft design. This led to the introduction of several new concepts in aircraft design, including the Boeing Transport and the DC series of the Douglas Aircraft company, which has been a mainstay for commercial and military transportation since the early 1930s. A general review of the development of aviation is given as well as the details of the development of aircraft accident investigation by the federal government. This includes the investigation of the Rockne crash. PMID- 7046426 TI - American forensic sciences 1776-1976. PMID- 7046427 TI - Leone Lattes: Italy's pioneer in forensic serology. PMID- 7046428 TI - Pancreatic endocrine function in experimental pancreatolithiasis in dogs. AB - In attempt to clarify changes of pancreatic endocrine function in human calcified pancreatitis at its earlier stages, an experimental model of pancreatolithiasis comparable to the human disease was produced in six dogs after incomplete ligation of the major pancreatic duct. Endocrine function was serially examined by intravenous glucose (0.5 g/kg) tolerance test and insulin (0.5 U/kg) tolerance test before and 3, 6, and 12 months after the duct ligation. Neither alpha nor beta cell dysfunction became apparent until 12 months after the ligation. The disappearance rate of glucose in an intravenous glucose tolerance test decreased from 2.92 +/- 0.41 (mean +/- SE) of the preligation value to 1.58 +/- 0.17%/min at the end of the 12 months period (p less than 0.02). Plasma insulin response to glucose was also reduced significantly. Although hypoglycemia induced during an intravenous insulin tolerance test was maximal in the 12th month, distinct response of plasma pancreatic glucagon to the hypoglycemia disappeared. Endocrine insufficiency of the pancreas observed in this experimental model was similar to that reported in human pancreatolithiasis, although the severity is less. PMID- 7046429 TI - The mutation theory of chronic, noninfectious disease: relevance to epidemiologic theory. PMID- 7046430 TI - Drinking water composition and blood pressure: a review of the epidemiology. PMID- 7046431 TI - Pittsburgh diabetes mellitus study. II. Secondary attack rates in families with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Family history data were collected in 1203 consecutive admissions of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus cases to the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh between Dec. 31, 1964 and Jan. 1, 1981. This report deals with two issues: the closeness in time of dates of onset of diabetes in multiple sibling case families and the similarity of ages of onset within these families. The age-specific incidence rates among siblings were 6-18 times higher than in the general population. Contrary to other reports, this study does not find an increased risk to siblings during the first year or two after the onset of the index diabetic case. The mean duration between cases is 6.1 years. Fitting a log-normal distribution to the periods between cases verified the long median incubation period (4.35 years) with a high degree of variability (dispersion factor = 3.38). However, the log-normal was not a good fit to the data (p less than 0.005). There is a significant correlation for age of onset for pairs of affected siblings within families (0.25). However, it is shown that the similarity in age of onset within families may be a function of the greater similarity to ages of siblings within a family. It is noted that secondary cases are more often younger children in the family, particularly so if the index child is of school age at the time of onset. PMID- 7046432 TI - Recovery of native renal function after an unsuccessful kidney transplant. PMID- 7046433 TI - Escherichia coli pneumonia in the elderly with reference to the role of E. coli K1 capsular polysaccharide antigen. AB - Escherichia coli pneumonia occurred in 17 elderly patients over a two-year period. All cases were documented by transtracheal aspiration. Six of the 17 E. coli organisms causing pneumonia contained K1 capsular polysaccharide. E. coli K1 organisms did not appear to be more virulent than non-K1 strains as measured by incidence of bacteremia, shock and death. E. coli K1 pneumonia was usually community- acquired (five of six cases) and occurred in patients with a prior history of urinary infection. Non-K1 E. coli pneumonia occurred in the hospital setting in eight of 11 patients, and a gastrointestinal source of infection was likely in five patients. All patients were treated with appropriate initial antibiotic therapy, and 71 percent of patients survived. PMID- 7046434 TI - Diuretic potency of combined hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide therapy in patients with azotemia. AB - The effect of combined hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide therapy was studied in eight hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency who had poor response to either furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide alone. The study was divided into two parts. In part A, five patients had an inadequate response to furosemide in doses of 160 to 240 mg/day followed a strict protocol in order to compare the effect of increased doses of furosemide with combined hydrochlorothiazide-furosemide administration. All had azotemia, presumable from nephrosclerosis, and had serum creatinine concentrations ranging from 2.3 to 4.9 mg/dl. Four of the five patients had inadequate arterial pressure control, and the remaining patients had fluid retention from the administration of minoxidil. In all five patients, plasma volume was either increased or normal, despite long-term treatment with furosemide. Increasing the dose of furosemide to between 320 and 480 mg/day had only a modest additional diuretic effect, and plasma volume and arterial pressure were not significantly changed. Adding hydrochlorothiazide, 25 to 50 mg twice a day, produced a marked diuresis, and a significant reduction in weight, plasma volume and mean arterial pressure (p less than 0.025 for all three patients). In part B, combined hydrochlorothiazide-furosemide therapy was used to treat three additional patients who had an inadequate response to either diuretic alone. The results indicate that combined hydrochlorothiazide-furosemide is a potent diuretic regimen and is effective in many patients wit chronic renal failure who have a poor response to furosemide alone. PMID- 7046435 TI - The University of Rochester Associated Hospitals Program in internal medicine. Seven years experience with an innovative city-wide residency for preparation of general internists. AB - The Associated Hospitals Program (AHP), with a total of 61 residents, engages the staff, patients and facilities of six hospitals and selected community health centers and private practices. The AHP in interlocked with separately accredited residencies in internal medicine in the participating hospitals and provides experiences, especially with ambulant patients, beyond those of more traditional programs in internal medicine. Strategies used by the AHP are minimally dependent upon grants from governmental and private sources for support of the basic three year program. About one-third of the residents enter practice after completing the basic program; the larger share have a wide range of engagements in the fourth and fifth post-doctoral years for enhancement of clinical and teaching abilities and for critical study of health care. Eighty-seven, or 94 percent, of the 93 alumni are engaged in practice, and many also in teaching, of general internal medicine. Included in the 87 alumni are 12 of 18 residents who had two year fellowships in medical subspecialties after completion of the AHP residency. The alumni have wide geographic distribution; 33 are practicing in communities with populations of less than 100,000 and 17 of these 33 are in communities of less than 25,000 persons. PMID- 7046436 TI - Controversies in the therapy of acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - In the past 10 years, there has been substantial progress in the treatment of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Intensive induction chemotherapy and consolidation chemotherapy have increased complete remission rates from 25 percent to more than 70 percent and have extended median survival from six months to more than two years. Attempts to prolong remission with maintenance chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and central nervous system prophylaxis have been less successful. Recent data suggest that the use of intensification chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation in patients in remission may further reduce or eliminate residual leukemia. As a result of one or more of these advances an increasing proportion of patients, up to 25 percent in some series, are alive and free of disease three to five years following diagnosis. Most data indicate that some of these patients may be cured. In this article, we review the therapeutic interventions responsible for this substantial increase in survival in what was previously a uniformly fatal disease. Recent advances are discussed as are controversies in management and future directions. PMID- 7046437 TI - The improving utility of renal transplantation in the management of end-stage renal disease. AB - The results achieved by treating patients with end-stage renal failure with allotransplantation have improved dramatically since the 1950s when immunosuppression was induced by total body irradiation and there was a lack of HLA typing. Although long-term hemodialysis offers prolonged survival and partial rehabilitation for many individuals with end-stage renal disease, the technique is inconvenient and time consuming. Patients are restricted by necessary proximity to the machine, dietary limitations, potential failure of access sites, and complications of various organ systems. Despite the availability of dialysis and the federal funds to partially pay for treatment, long-term dialysis still remains a costly process for the individual in need of care. During the same period when dialysis techniques improved and became widely available, transplantation of the human kidney became an established and justified treatment for some patients with end-stage renal disease. Those with successful kidney allografts may achieve remarkable recovery and are often able to return to normal lives. One of the more striking improvements in the results of renal transplantation in recent years had been the decline in morbidity and mortality. Mortality by the end of the first year after transplantation during which time most deaths occur, is currently less than 5 percent in a number of major medical units. In part, this decline represents a change in philosophy by transplant teams, who now tend to decrease immunosuppression and sacrifice the kidney rather than the patient in instances of inexorable rejection. In addition, declining mortality is directly attributable to improved methods of preventing, discovering, and treating patients with potential or real infections. More recently, in some centers, the rate of successful engraftment has shown gratifying improvement due to refinements in tissue typing, improved cross matching, new immunosuppressive therapies, and pretransplant conditioning with blood products. These recent improvements are the primary focus of this review. Unfortunately, until very recently, rates of functional survival of allografts have not been satisfactory. PMID- 7046438 TI - Impaired insulin degradation in a patient with insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. AB - The kinetics of plasma insulin were studied in a 14 year old girl with the syndrome of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. The clearance of plasma insulin was found to be strikingly reduced (135 ml/min . m2 versus 456 +/- 22 in 17 normal control subjects), whereas the basal systemic insulin delivery rate was increased about 10-fold (25.5 mU/min . m2 versus 2.6 +/- 0.3 in normal subjects). Thus, reduced insulin clearance and excessive posthepatic delivery of the hormone both contributed to the severe fasting hyperinsulinemia (218 microunits/ml) associated with the other clinical features of the syndrome (glucose intolerance, primary amenorrhea, polycystic ovaries, hirsutism). Following ovarian wedge resection, insulin clearance rose to 264 ml/min . m2, and insulin delivery fell to 9.8 microunits/ml min . m2. The resulting abatement of the patient's hyperinsulinism (fasting plasma insulin = 37 microunits/ml) was accompanied by the appearance of menses, normalization of glucose tolerance, and amelioration of the acanthosis. The improvement in menstrual function and acanthosis, however, was not sustained. This case provides evidence for interdependence of insulin action and insulin degradation in humans. PMID- 7046439 TI - Independent roles of prostaglandins and the renin-angiotensin system in abnormal vascular reactivity in Bartter's syndrome. AB - To clarify the independent roles of prostaglandins and the renin-angiotensin system in the pressor resistance to angiotensin II in Bartter's syndrome, the pressor responsiveness to exogenous angiotensin II was investigated in three patients with the syndrome during the administration of indomethacin synthesis, and captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. All the patients showed high plasma renin activity, increased urinary excretion of prostaglandin E, and pressor resistance of angiotensin II. An analogue of angiotensin II that had weak agonistic properties induced a marked fall in blood pressure. Pretreatment with indomethacin (150 mg/day) decreased baseline plasma renin activity and reversed the hypotensive effect of the analogue of angiotensin II. Apparently, our data support the concept that pressor resistance ultimately results from the increase in the concentration of endogenous angiotensin II. However, the augmentation of indomethacin was significantly (p less than 0.01) greater in magnitude than the response obtained with captopril, although the concentration of plasma angiotensin II prior to each infusion of angiotensin II was the same. This observation could be explained by the finding that indomethacin suppressed both systems, but captopril inhibited only the renin angiotensin system. Evidence presented herein suggests that the abnormalities in the vascular reactivity to angiotensin II may result from, not only the decreased number of receptor sites as a results of the increased concentration of endogenous angiotensin II, but also from the alteration of the end-organ sensitivity to angiotensin II via overproduction of prostaglandins. PMID- 7046440 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis: a genital pathogen worth recognizing. PMID- 7046441 TI - Subendocardial myocardial infarction. PMID- 7046442 TI - Past perfect: John Humphrey Noyes, stirpiculture, and the Oneida Community--part I. PMID- 7046443 TI - Studies of microcephalic primordial dwarfism I: approach to a delineation of the Seckel syndrome. PMID- 7046444 TI - Spontaneous abortion incidence in the treatment of infertility. AB - Analysis of published series indicates that, irrespective of the method of data collection, close agreement exists on empirically derived incidences of spontaneous abortion in North American populations, provided that age, previous abortion history, and gravidity are controlled. The normal incidence of clinically apparent abortion among first pregnancies in women under age 30 years is in the range 8.3% to 11.0%. A comprehensive analysis of published series on pregnancies after infertility treatment indicates that only three therapeutic methods are attended by an abortion incidence that approaches this asymptote: ovulation induction with bromocriptine in hyperprolactinemic anovulation (11.8%; n = 1,233 pregnancies); artificial insemination with donor semen for azoospermia (11.4%; n = 326 first pregnancies); and operation for endometriosis (9.3%; n = 768 pregnancies). Abortion incidences accompanying other modes of therapy are higher. Because increased abortion incidence is not generally recognized as a specific reproductive difficulty in infertile couples, as are the other two: i.e., refractory infertility despite technically adequate therapy and ectopic pregnancy, plausible physiologic mechanisms for abortions in specific categories of disease or treatment type are described and discussed in detail. Moreover, abortion incidence is proposed to be a sensitive and objective parameter with which to assess distortions in human reproductive physiology, especially when competing methods of infertility treatment have overall pregnancy outcomes that are thought to be similar. PMID- 7046445 TI - Sonographic detection of polyhydramnios: a five-year experience. AB - Between 1975 and 1980, 16,586 sonograms, including repeat scans, were obtained on pregnant women for various obstetric indications. The diagnosis of polyhydramnios was made 78 times by an experienced sonographer as a simple observer judgment of an excess amount of amniotic fluid. In pregnancies thus diagnosed, the fetus was then carefully scanned for anomalies, and repeat scans were done. Major clinical problems encountered are discussed. PMID- 7046446 TI - Secondary vaginal atresia: a case report. PMID- 7046447 TI - Quantitative study of optic nerve head capillaries in experimental optic disk pallor. AB - We obtained quantitative measurements of capillary numbers, areas, and diameters in atrophic (pale) and normal primate optic nerve heads. The number of capillaries per square millimeter in pale optic disks was not significantly different from that in normal optic disks. Because the loss of all nerve fibers leads to a 50% decrease in nerve head substance, capillaries must atrophy to maintain a constant relationship between capillary number and tissue volume. The mean size of individual capillaries in atrophic nerve heads was smaller than normal, leading to a decrease of more than 27% in the percentage of tissue volume occupied by capillaries. When this decrease in capillary volume was mimicked in the normal optic disk by reducing the hematocrit value, optic disk pallor did not result. Hence, the development of optic disk pallor appears to be the result of thinning of the neural tissue of the rim of the optic disk and the consequent change in tissue composition and optical transparency, rather than of a loss of optic disk capillaries. PMID- 7046448 TI - Serratia keratitis transmitted by contaminated eyedroppers. AB - Serratia marcescens keratitis developed in three patients after keratoplasty. Two patients were using prednisolone sodium phosphate eyedrops and the third was using 0.5% timolol maleate eyedrops. All three cases resolved after treatment with topically and subconjunctivally administered antibiotics. Although S. marcescens was isolated from the outer grooves of the bottletops and from the inner surfaces of the eyedropper caps, it was not cultured from the solutions in the bottles. Moisture collecting in the dead space between the cap and bottle was apparently a culture medium for Serratia. When eyedrops were expressed into the patient's eyes, the eyes were inoculated with Serratia from the contaminated liquid flowing down the eyedropper shaft. PMID- 7046449 TI - Obituary: Louise L. Sloan, Ph. D. 1898-1982. PMID- 7046450 TI - Throwaway and scientific journals. PMID- 7046451 TI - Nocardia asteroides corneal ulcer. PMID- 7046452 TI - Septic retinal cyst in endogenous Klebsiella endophthalmitis. PMID- 7046453 TI - Fibrin deposits in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Fibrin deposits were observed in the involved lymph nodes and/or spleens of 15 patients with Hodgkin's disease by specific immunofluorescence and by electron microscopy. Two basic patterns of fibrin deposition were observed: 1) intercellular deposits, chiefly associated with nonneoplastic-appearing lymphoid cells and 2) deposits associated with the collagen fibers of young connective tissue. In addition, coarse fibrin deposits were observed in areas of necrosis, presumably a non-specific finding. Fibronectin was also observed in intercellular areas, but staining was less intense than for fibrin. Fibrin deposits were also observed in 3 of 6 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, indicating that the finding is not an exclusive feature of Hodgkin's disease. The pathogenesis and possible significance of fibrin deposition in Hodgkin's disease are related to earlier observations of activation of the coagulation system on neoplasia and cell mediated immunity and to the possible role of fibrin, fibronectin, and their breakdown products in angiogenesis and fibroplasia. PMID- 7046454 TI - Radiation-induced augmentation of the response of A/J mice to SaI tumor cells. AB - Whole-body exposure of A/J mice to low doses (5-25 rads) of ionizing radiation immediately prior to the inoculation of 10(4) Sarcoma I (SaI) cells results in smaller tumors than are observed in sham-irradiated control animals. The irradiated group also contains a greater proportion of mice that fail to develop tumors or that demonstrate tumor regression. Low-dose augmentation is 1) less pronounced in recipients that have undergone splenectomy; 2) not evident in adult thymectomized-lethally irradiated-bone-marrow-restored (ATxXBM) animals, where the opposite effect is seen (eg, low-dose enhancement of tumor growth); and 3) abolished by the administration of normal syngeneic spleen cells unless the latter have been depleted of T cells. On this basis, a very radiosensitive T cell with suppressor activity is implicated in this phenomenon. Low-dose exposure at various times prior to tumor inoculation suggests that this cell regenerates in 5 10 days after irradiation. PMID- 7046455 TI - Simultaneous detection of thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroxine (T4), and Triiodothyronine (T3) in nontoxic thyroid tumors by the immunoperoxidase method. AB - In 97 nontoxic thyroid tumors, detection of thyroxine(T4) and triiodothyronine(T3) was attempted by the immunoperoxidase method. T4 was demonstrated in 58 tumors (59.8%) and T3 in 76 (78.4%). The feasibility of biosynthesis of T4 and T3 by such tumors was thus established. In 65 of the tumors, we applied the immunostaining method to serial or semiserial sections to study the correlation among the localizations of thyroglobulin(Tg), T4, and T3. The localization of T4 agreed relatively well with that of Tg, and part of the Tg positive structure frequently revealed simultaneous positive staining for T4. The localization of T3, however, did not always correspond with that of T4 or Tg. T4 and T3 with localizations identical to that of Tg may be considered to be bound to Tg, but the mode of existence of T3 without correspondence in localization to Tg remains unknown. PMID- 7046456 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of human liver alcohol dehydrogenase in liver tissue, cultured fibroblasts, and HeLa cells. AB - Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, EC 1.1.1.1) was purified by double ternary complex affinity chromatography on Sepharose-4-(3-[N-6 aminocaproyl]aminopropyl) pyrazole. The purified enzyme preparation still contains several isoenzymes reflecting the isoenzyme composition of the starting material. Antibodies against this mixture of isoenzymes were elicited in rabbits. The specificity of the antiserum was tested by double immunodiffusion, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, immunoprecipitation of ADH enzymatic activity, and adsorption to ADH, which was immobilized to Ultrogel AcA 44 by the use of glutardialdehyde as the coupling agent. Protein-A peroxidase with diaminobenzidine or amino ethyl carbazole as substrate, served to detect binding of anti-human liver ADH antibodies in human liver thin sections, cultured human skin and lung fibroblasts, and HeLa cells. Fluorescein-conjugated antibodies were also used in direct immunofluorescence on liver tissue. In the human liver, ADH was found to be localized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Differences in the staining intensity of hepatocytes may reflect differences in ADH content. Strongly stained hepatocytes were localized mainly around the central veins. Perinuclear staining is often seen, especially in the more lightly stained cells. Human skin and lung fibroblasts, as well as HeLa cells, all exhibited positive staining for ADH. The pattern was identical to that found in hepatocytes, although the staining intensity was much weaker, indicating a lower ADH content. PMID- 7046457 TI - Antigen handling in antigen-induced arthritis in mice: an autoradiographic and immunofluorescence study using whole joint sections. AB - Antigen localization after intraarticular antigen injection was studied in immune and nonimmune mice using autoradiographic and immunofluorescence techniques on whole joint sections. After intraarticular injection of radiolabeled methylated bovine serum albumin (125I-mBSA) in immune mice, labeling in the synovium and synovial exudate diminished rapidly, apart from some deposits in fibrinlike material present in the joint cavity. Long-term antigen retention was found in avascular and hypovascular structures lining the joint cavity, albeit not along the whole surface; eg, labeling remained present at the edges of the femoral condyle hyaline cartilage but not at the central weight-bearing region; long-term retention at ligaments was only found at the insertion sites. Immunofluorescence data in immune animals showed antigen retention together with the presence of immunoglobulins and complement, indicating that antigen is retained at least in part in the form of immune complexes. Nonimmune mice showed even higher long-term antigen retention than immune animals, probably related to physico-chemical properties of the antigen enabling nonimmune binding to articular structures, but also indicating that the presence of joint inflammation in the immune animals enhances antigen clearance. Histologic examination of the ligaments and patellar cartilage of immune mice did reveal that long-term antigen retention was not anatomically related to nearby inflammation or to local tissue damage. The importance of long-term antigen retention for the chronicity of arthritis may lie in the leakage of small amounts of this antigen to joint compartments where it does behave as an inflammatory stimulus; it may further be that it renders the joint a specifically hypersensitive area. PMID- 7046458 TI - Cold acclimation in insulin secretion of isolated perfused pancreas of the rat. AB - The secretory function of the endocrine and exocrine pancreas in the process of cold acclimation has been studied in rats fed at an ambient temperature of 2 degrees C. In anesthetized rats, plasma glucose decreased immediately after cold exposure and increased again toward the basal level after 20 days of continuous cold exposure. Plasma insulin level in these rats also decreased immediately after cold exposure, and the low level was maintained throughout the whole period of cold exposure. In the isolated perfused rat pancreas, the basal insulin output estimated before the stimulation with glucose decreased immediately after the cold exposure and increased gradually during the continuous cold exposure. In these preparations, the initial and the second phases of insulin output were induced by sustaining stimulation with 16.7 mM glucose. Changes in the glucose induced initial and second phases showed a diphasic pattern during the course of cold exposure. Thus, there was temporary decrease within a week of cold exposure followed by a gradual increase after 3 wk of this condition. The diphasic insulin output in the preparation isolated from rats fed during cold exposure for 6 wk was twice as much as that in the preparation isolated from the rats fed during exposure to 23 degrees C for 5 wk. In the isolated perfused rat pancreas, a monophasic insulin output was induced by sustaining stimulation with 0.1 microM ACh. The monophasic insulin output showed an increasing tendency during cold exposure, but the increase was insignificant because of a larger individual variation. PMID- 7046459 TI - Glucose transport in adipocytes and its control by growth hormone in vivo. AB - Previous results showed maximally enhanced basal glucose transport in adipocytes of hypophysectomized rats and restoration to normal after human growth hormone (hGH) administration. The data suggested a hGH-dependent "limiting factor" for glucose transport in the adipocyte membrane, which is acutely inhibited by insulin resulting in enhanced glucose transport. In this study the effect of hGH was investigated with respect to dose and time dependence. hGH was administered by continuous infusion from subcutaneously implanted Alzet minipumps. A significant decrease of basal glucose transport was obtained at the lowest hGH dose of 50 mU/day for 6 days. This effect of hGH was strictly correlated to the effects on growth (tibial epiphyseal width, DNA synthesis, body weight, serum level of insulin-like growth factor). The effect of hGH on basal glucose transport was already observed after 12 h of infusion, and it increased to a maximum after 3 days. The data support the concept that GH regulates the glucose transport system in adipose tissue in vivo. PMID- 7046460 TI - Absorption and disposition of a glucose load in the conscious dog. AB - The quantitative disposition of an intragastrically administered glucose load was studied in eight conscious 18-h fasted dogs using isotopic and arteriovenous (A V) techniques. During the control period, the gut utilized 25% of the basal net hepatic glucose output (2.8 +/- 0.2 mg.kg-1.min-1). After glucose ingestion, 80% of the load was absorbed as glucose, 11% was converted across the gut to lactate and alanine, and 4% was oxidized to CO2. Two percent of the load remained in the gut 4 h after glucose administration and 3% was unaccounted for. During the absorptive period, net hepatic glucose balance (NHGB) varied considerably (mean range = output of 1.8 to uptake of 9.1 mg.kg-1.min-1), while endogenous hepatic glucose production (Ra hp) showed a consistent 80% suppression. The total net hepatic glucose uptake during the absorptive period (150 +/- 10 min) accounted for the disposal of 24 +/- 10% of the ingested load, and the amount of glucose escaping the splanchnic bed was 40 +/- 3%. Overall NHGB correlated positively with basal arterial glucose and insulin levels and negatively with basal arterial glycerol and FFA and with peak absorptive arterial glucose and insulin levels. These data suggest that the hepatic response to an ingested glucose load depends in part on the degree of metabolic fast of the animal at the time of glucose ingestion; the latter may be a major determinant of the roles played by the tissues in glucose disposal. PMID- 7046461 TI - Body composition and adiposity in LH-lesioned and pair-fed obese Zucker rats. AB - It has been reported previously that lateral hypothalamic (LH) lesions alter body composition including reducing adipocyte cellularity in lean and obese Zucker rats. The present experiment was designed to determine whether these alterations in body composition and adipose cell number are secondary to the reduced energy consumption of LH-lesioned rats or to a direct effect of the hypothalamic lesion. Groups of lean and obese Zucker rats, sustaining lesions of the lateral hypothalamus at 10 wk of age, maintained body weight at 72% that of nonlesioned controls until killed at 32 wk. Pair-feeding nonlesioned rats to the intakes of lean and obese LH-lesioned rats produced a reduction in adipocyte number similar to that caused by lesions. However, neither the lean nor obese LH-lesioned rats displayed an increase in cell number when fed a palatable diet that markedly increased carcass lipids. This finding suggests that adipocyte number may be constrained in LH-lesioned rats. These and further observations that 1) lean control rats maintained a higher body weight than the LH-lesioned rats to which they were pair fed and 2) in obese rats, food restriction further reduced protein deposition and elevated plasma insulin relative to comparably fed LH-lesioned obese rats suggest that the LH syndrome is mimicked by simple food restriction. PMID- 7046462 TI - Adipose lipoprotein lipase in insulin-treated diabetic lean and obese Zucker rats. AB - Obese and lean alloxan-diabetic rats were given daily injections of insulin for 9 days. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were not different between the two genotypes given comparable amounts of insulin. Carcass fat and epididymal and retroperitoneal fat pad weights increased as the dose of insulin was increased. At each of four doses, fatties had larger fat cells, bigger pads, and more body fat than lean rats. Adipose lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity per pad or per fat cell was increased by insulin. Except for the lowest dose of insulin, LPL activity was higher in obese rats than in lean rats. LPL activity per cell and cell size were highly correlated. However, when differences in cell size were corrected for, no significant effect of genotype existed. Cardiac LPL activities were different between the two genotypes only in nondiabetic rats. These results suggested that both insulin and some other genetic factors were important in elevating adipose LPL activities and thus fat deposition in obese Zucker rats. PMID- 7046463 TI - Regulation of extrarenal potassium homeostasis by adrenal hormones in rats. AB - The effect of chronic (7-10 days) adrenal insufficiency on extrarenal potassium tolerance was examined by infusing potassium into rats after acute nephrectomy. The increment in plasma potassium concentration was significantly higher in glucocorticoid-replaced adrenalectomized rats versus controls (max delta PK 3.59 +/-0.11 vs. 2.93 +/- 0.08 meq/liter; P less than 0.001). The impairment in extrarenal potassium tolerance in adrenalectomized rats could not be attributed to acidemia, hypotension, changes in plasma insulin or glucose concentration, or potassium retention prior to study. Acute replacement with aldosterone resulted in significant improvement in the rise in plasma potassium after KCl (max delta PK 3.18 +/- 0.06 meq/liter; P less than 0.005 compared with aldosterone-deficient adrenalectomized rats but higher than in controls, P less than 0.02). If given on a chronic basis, aldosterone replacement led to a complete correction of the defect (max delta PK = 2.89 +/- 0.08 meq/liter). Acute epinephrine replacement in adrenalectomized rats also returned potassium tolerance to normal (max delta PK = 3.02 +/- 0.10 meq/liter). The results demonstrate that extrarenal potassium tolerance is impaired in chronic adrenal insufficiency and suggest that both aldosterone and epinephrine deficiency may contribute to the defect, since replacement with either hormone returns potassium tolerance toward normal. Accordingly, both aldosterone and epinephrine have important extrarenal mechanisms of action. PMID- 7046464 TI - Amino acids enhance renal tubular absorption of the los-molecular-weight proteins insulin and growth hormone. AB - The effect of amino acids(AA) on the tubular absorption of low-molecular-weight (LMW) proteins was studied in isolated rat kidneys. Kidneys were perfused with an albumin-electrolyte solution that contained insulin or human growth hormone (hGH) and, unless otherwise stated, the following L-amino acids: glycine, isoleucine, serine, alanine, methionine, proline, arginine, and aspartic acid. In kidneys perfused without AA, fractional urinary insulin clearance (FCi) averaged 7.4 +/- 1.54%, whereas in the presence of multiple AA the FCi was significantly lower (0.68 +/- 0.2%, P less than 0.01). Addition of glycine or alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) alone also reduced the FCi significantly (1.79 +/- 0.66 and 1.59 +/ 1.06%, respectively). By contrast, perfusion with the other AA individually did not alter the FCi. The fractional urinary hGH clearance was also significantly lower in kidneys perfused with multiple AA (0.94 +/- 0.47%) than in those perfused without AA (9.07 +/- 1.2%). We conclude that tubular absorption of filtered insulin and hGH is enhanced by the presence of AA. The mechanism is unclear, but enhancement of insulin absorption can be produced by glycine and AIB alone. This raises the possibility of a link between the absorption of insulin and the glycine and AIB shared transport system, but excludes a primary metabolic effect because AIB is nonmetabolizable. PMID- 7046465 TI - A model of the mesenteric circulation. AB - A model of the mesenteric microcirculation is proposed that explains three observed variations in the hyperemic response of the small intestine to different dilator stimuli. The model assumes a two-component circulation in which one component delivers more than enough blood flow and oxygen to meet the metabolic demands of the resting tissue served by this "flow-independent component." The second portion, known as the "flow-limited component" delivers an insufficient blood supply for tissue needs and, therefore, restricts the metabolism of the parenchyma it serves. The three types of reported hyperemic responses are a) hyperemia induced by certain drugs, such as nifedipine and acetylcholine, in which case only the flow-limited component is dilated and one observes an increase in blood flow to the gut without any increase in intestinal oxygen consumption; b) hyperemia induced by stimulating active cotransport of nutrients from the intestinal lumen, in which case the tissue served by the flow independent component increases its metabolism and oxygen demand, resulting in an increase in oxygen consumption that exceeds proportionately the increase in blood flow; and c) hyperemia induced by other vasodilator drugs, such as adenosine, in which case both vascular components are dilated and both blood flow and oxygen uptake are increased, but the increase in blood flow is proportionately greater than the increase in oxygen consumption. PMID- 7046466 TI - Sucrase metabolism in germfree rats. AB - We studied degradation of the intestinal brush-border protein sucrase-isomaltase in germfree animals as well as in ex-germfree animals and conventional controls to determine the mechanism by which intestinal bacteria alter disaccharidase levels. Our results indicate that sucrase-isomaltase turnover is as rapid in germfree animals as in the other groups and are consistent with surface removal of disaccharidases by pancreatic proteases under physiological conditions. Our results also suggest that elevated disaccharidase levels in germfree animals are in large part the consequence of an increased number of mature enterocytes, which persists for at least 2 wk after exposure of animals to a conventional microbial flora. PMID- 7046467 TI - Reflexes elicited by acute stretch of atrial vs. pulmonary receptors in conscious dogs. AB - We measured hemodynamics and renal function in conscious dogs while partially obstructing blood flow at various sites within the thorax. Inflation of a balloon in the left atrium increased left atrial pressure (LAP) by 9 mmHg and caused a parallel increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP); heart rate, arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance increased; stroke volume and right atrial pressure decreased; and cardiac output remained unchanged. The increase in LAP was accompanied by a fourfold increase in urine flow and a threefold increase in sodium excretion. Plasma vasopressin (AVP) and renin activity (PRA) decreased. On the other hand, partial occlusion of the pulmonary veins or the main pulmonary artery produced similar increases in PAP without affecting LAP, systemic hemodynamics, renal function, or plasma AVP. Similarly, inflation of a balloon in the right atrium failed to alter renal function, plasma AVP, or PRA. Finally, constriction of the thoracic inferior vena cava decreased LAP and increased PRA. In summary, these data emphasize that inflation of a balloon in the left atrium of the conscious dog produces a composite response consisting of alterations in cardiovascular function, renal function, and circulating hormones. Moreover, our data indicate that the response is mediated by a reflex initiated from receptors located in the left atrium; we detected no evidence that receptors located in the pulmonary vasculature or right heart contribute to this response. PMID- 7046468 TI - Insulin stimulation of protein synthesis in cultured skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. AB - The effects of acute exposure to insulin on protein synthesis were examined in primary, differentiated cultures of embryonic chick heart and skeletal muscle cells. Synthetic rates were calculated using the specific activity of tRNA-bound leucine as precursor, a specific activity that was significantly less than that of extracellular leucine but greater than that of free, intracellular leucine at 0.2 mM external leucine. Insulin did not alter these relationships. Doses of insulin in the physiological range produced significant stimulation of protein synthesis in both cell types. Maximal responses, involving approximately 30% increases in both absolute and fractional rates, were observed at higher insulin concentrations. Significant stimulation by insulin was seen in cardiac cells after only 1 h of insulin treatment, and the effects of the hormone were observed both in the presence and absence of serum in the culture medium. PMID- 7046469 TI - Dome formation in primary cultured monolayers of alveolar epithelial cells. AB - We have observed the formation of domes by type II alveolar epithelial cells harvested from rat lungs. The cells were harvested using elastase and grew to confluence in 3-4 days after plating on plastic. Numerous domes were observed in the monolayers 4-18 days after plating, with peak dome density occurring at days 6-9. When trypsin was used instead of elastase as the harvesting enzyme, many fewer domes were formed by the monolayers, with peak dome density observed at day 5 and no domes seen after 8 days. The life span of an individual dome was about 3 4 h. The presence of domes indicates an intact active transport function of the cells in the monolayer, which may represent an important mechanism for the maintenance of fluid-free air spaces and normal alveolar fluid balance in mammalian lungs in vivo. PMID- 7046470 TI - Insulin action and resistance in obesity and noninsulin-dependent type II diabetes mellitus. AB - Resistance to the action of insulin can result from a variety of causes, including the formation of abnormal insulin or proinsulin molecules, the presence of circulating antagonists to insulin or the insulin receptor, or defects in insulin action at the target tissue level. Defects of the latter type are characteristic of obesity and of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Analysis of the nature of the insulin resistance in those disorders has been investigated in intact subjects with the use of the euglycemic glucose clamp technique, and both insulin receptors and insulin-mediated glucose metabolism have been studied in adipocytes and monocytes from affected individuals. In both conditions, the cause of insulin resistance is heterogeneous. In some, insulin resistance appears to be due to a defect in the insulin receptor, whereas others have a defect both in the receptor and at the postreceptor level. In both groups, more severe insulin resistance is due to the postreceptor lesion and is correctable with appropriate therapy. PMID- 7046471 TI - Role of renin-angiotensin system in glucocorticoid hypertension in rats. AB - The role of the renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of the blood pressure of dexamethasone-treated rats (Dex) was evaluated using saralasin, an angiotensin II antagonist, and SQ 14225 (SQ) (d-3-mercapto-2-methylpropranoyl-1-proline), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. During a 7-day period blood pressure rose 65 +/- 10 mmHg (P less than 0.001) in Dex with no significant changes in plasma renin activity. Concurrent administration of dexamethasone and SQ attenuated the elevation of blood pressure (P less than 0.05). In the conscious, freely moving state, intravenous injection of SQ (10, 30, 100 micrograms/kg) reduced blood pressure of DEX in a dose-dependent manner (P less than 0.05). Also, intravenous injection of saralasin (10 micrograms.kg-1 . min-1) reduced blood pressure significantly (P less than 0.01). Bilateral nephrectomy abolished the effects of saralasin and SQ on blood pressure in Dex. These results indicate that the elevation of blood pressure in DEX depends partially on the renin angiotensin system. PMID- 7046472 TI - Selective inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin release by dantrolene. AB - Dantrolene sodium, which interferes with excitation-contraction coupling by inhibiting the Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle, was used to investigate the role of stored calcium in the stimulation of insulin release by various secretagogues. Insulin release was measured simultaneously with 45Ca2+ uptake or 45Ca2+ efflux from isolated rat pancreatic islets. Glucose-stimulated insulin release was inhibited by dantrolene (10-100 microM) as was glyceraldehyde or mannose-stimulated release. In contrast, dantrolene failed to inhibit insulin release stimulated by leucine, arginine, ouabain, potassium, or 3-isobutyl-1 methylxanthine. Although dantrolene lowered glucose-stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake, nonspecific blockade of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels may not be a primary action of dantrolene because K+-stimulated 45Ca2+ uptake was not inhibited. Glucose utilization (3H2O formation) was unaffected by dantrolene, whereas glucose oxidation (14CO2 production) was decreased. In the absence of Ca2+, the glucose-inhibited 45Ca2+ efflux was unchanged. At normal Ca2+, dantrolene inhibited glucose-stimulated 45Ca2+ efflux and veratridine induced insulin release. This suggests an interference with mobilization of beta-cell calcium stores. The selective action of dantrolene on insulin release makes it an interesting tool for further studies on stimulus-secretion coupling. PMID- 7046473 TI - Uptake of Pi in brush border vesicles after release of unilateral ureteral obstruction. AB - After release of complete unilateral ureteral obstruction, a decreased fractional excretion of phosphate (Pi) is observed in the postobstructed kidney compared with the nonobstructed (control) kidney. To determine whether this decrease in the urinary excretion of Pi is due to changes in Na+-dependent Pi transport across the renal brush border membranes of postobstructed and control kidneys, membrane vesicles were prepared from the brush borders of kidneys from dogs that had undergone complete unilateral ureteral obstruction. Alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased in membrane vesicles isolated from postobstructed kidneys. No differences were observed in Na+-dependent Pi transport or in Na+ uptake in membrane vesicles isolated from postobstructed as compared with control kidneys. The in vivo administration of parathyroid hormone decreased Na+-dependent Pi transport in membrane vesicles isolated from postobstructed and control kidneys despite the absence of a phosphaturic response. Our findings suggest that no intrinsic change in the transport characteristics of Pi across the luminal membrane of renal tubular cells occurs with unilateral ureteral obstruction. The findings are consistent with the suggestion that the low fractional excretion of Pi in the postobstructed kidney results from very low filtered loads of Pi on the postobstructed side. PMID- 7046474 TI - Oscillations of plasma K+ and insulin during K+ infusion in awake anephric dogs. AB - Changes in plasma potassium ([K+]p) and insulin levels were monitored during K+ infusion in awake and anesthetized nephrectomized, splenectomized dogs. In dogs studied while anesthetized with pentobarbital, the increase in [K+]p was linear, reflecting a nearly constant rate of cellular uptake of the infused K+. In contrast, in dogs studied 18 h after nephrectomy while awake, [K+]p oscillated during infusion, reflecting an inconstant rate of cellular K+ uptake. Although these oscillations in [K+]p were associated with parallel oscillations in plasma insulin levels (suggesting the possibility of a physiological feedback control loop involving K+ and insulin), when the oscillations in insulin levels were blunted by somatostatin infusion or abolished by pancreatectomy plus insulin replacement, oscillations in [K+]p persisted and the average rate of cellular K+ uptake was not diminished. The observed oscillations of [K+]p during K+ infusion suggest the possibility of regulatory control of cellular K+ uptake within the pathophysiologic range of [K+]p. The putative control system is independent of and quantitatively more important than K+-induced insulin secretion and is obscured by pentobarbital anesthesia. PMID- 7046475 TI - Vasoactive agents and splanchnic oxygen uptake. AB - Many vasoactive agents are known to alter oxygen uptake by splanchnic organs. Data from the literature indicate that, in general, vasodilators increase, whereas vasoconstrictors decrease oxygen uptake. We compare and contrast the effects of vasoactive agents on oxygen uptake observed in vivo, under constant flow and free-flow conditions, to those observed in vitro. The discrepancies between the in vivo and in vitro data are discussed relative to the effects of vasoactive agents on blood flow, intraorgan blood flow distribution, the countercurrent exchange of oxygen, capillary exchange capacity, and oxidative metabolism. Changes in blood flow, oxidative metabolism, and capillary density appear to be the major mechanisms by which vasoactive agents alter splanchnic oxygen uptake in vivo. Experimental designs are proposed that may help minimize inconsistencies in the data in future studies. PMID- 7046476 TI - Hyperdynamic severe intravascular sepsis depends on fluid administration in cynomolgus monkey. AB - A new model of high cardiac output septic shock in primates is presented that includes hemodynamic and metabolic effects of separate and combined infusions of normal saline and live Escherichia coli. In monkeys receiving ketamine anesthesia, cardiac output (QT) increased with saline loading but not significantly with bacterial infusion, and bacterial infusion without saline never significantly increased QT. Depressed oxygen consumption (VO2) was reversed with saline loading. In spite of continuing E. coli infusion, radiolabeled microspheres showed no increase in systemic anatomic shunt when QT was elevated. It is perceived that the tissue dysfunction associated with sepsis, which is called septic shock, and elevation of cardiac output are related only indirectly. High cardiac output only reflects an adequate volume status in a stressed individual; some of the afferent stress signals can be related to the septic state, but no specific or direct relationship is involved. In general, shock as indicated by a depression of VO2 does not appear to occur when QT is increased. PMID- 7046477 TI - Sympathetic activity in thyroid-treated Zucker rats. AB - Treatment of lean and obese 3- to 4-mo-old male Zucker rats with 0.03% thyroid powder (TP) for up to 41 days produced a decreased weight gain and carcass lipid content in obese but not lean rats, without reduction in food intake. Improved thermogenesis in TP-treated obese rats was evidenced by increased basal rectal temperatures and improved cold tolerance, although TP did not alter the lower stress-evoked levels of plasma norepinephrine (NE) or epinephrine of the obese rats. Levels of NE and/or NE turnover were lower in hearts, aortas, pancreata, interscapular brown adipose, and epididymal white adipose pads of obese compared with lean rats. Both NE levels and turnover were increased in the hearts and aortas of TP-treated obese rats, suggesting increased sympathetic activity in these organs. Basal but not stress-evoked hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycerolemia in the obese rats were partly or totally corrected by TP treatment as was defective in vivo utilization of fatty acids. Therefore 0.03% TP administration had a selective effect on the obese Zucker rat compared with the lean and led to decreased weight gain associated with improved thermogenesis. These effects appeared to be related in part to increased sympathetic function in some organs and improved utilization of fatty acids. PMID- 7046478 TI - Metabolic and hormonal changes following endotoxin administration to diabetic rats. AB - The aim of these investigations was to study the time course and cause of the altered metabolic response of diabetic rats to endotoxin administration. Escherichia coli endotoxin was administered to streptozotocin-diabetic and control normoglycemic rats. At 1, 2, 5, 8, and 24 h following endotoxin, animals were decapitated. Plasma samples were analyzed for glucose, lactate, insulin, glucagon, and corticosteroids. In addition, tissue glycogen content of liver and skeletal muscle was determined. Endotoxin caused an elevation of plasma glucose in both diabetic and normoglycemic rats by 1 h postinjection. The elevation was prolonged in diabetic rats for 8 h but lasted only 2 h in nondiabetic rats. Both endotoxin-treated groups demonstrated hyperlactacidemia following endotoxin. Endotoxin led to liver glycogen depletion in both diabetic and normoglycemic rats, whereas muscle glycogen content was only slightly affected. Plasma glucagon and corticosteroids rose immediately and remained elevated in both endotoxin treated groups. A significant insulin response to rising plasma glucose was observed in nondiabetic but not in diabetic rats following endotoxin. These results suggest that the exaggerated and prolonged hyperglycemia observed in diabetic endotoxin-treated rats is due to hypersecretion of glucose-mobilizing hormones and elevated gluconeogenesis, unmatched by an adequate secretion of insulin to promote glucose uptake and utilization. PMID- 7046479 TI - Side effects of relaxation treatment. PMID- 7046480 TI - Criticisms of the psychopathological interpretation of witch hunts: a review. AB - The psychopathological interpretation of the European witch hunts of the 16th and 17th centuries, which has been prominent in histories of psychiatry, contends that demonology overwhelmed psychiatry in the late middle Ages, with the result that the mentally ill were executed by the thousands as witches. The author reviews the criticisms and contrary evidence that have been brought to bear on this paradigm in the past 20 years, including critiques of its data collection and interpretation, historical evidence which has failed to support its contentions, and questions about its implicit approach to the history and philosophy of science. PMID- 7046481 TI - Social networks and mental health: on overview. AB - Research has shown that social networks can act as social support systems to promote mental health and buffer psychological stress. In this selective review the authors illuminate patterns and characteristics of social networks that maintain health and help prevent illness, explore the relationship between social networks and the course and outcome of treatment for mental illness, and describe clinical network interventions that have been used to facilitate inpatient care and maximize performance of ex-patients in the community. The authors also discuss the implications of research findings for mental health practice. PMID- 7046482 TI - The effect of immediate access to a computerized medical record on physician test ordering: a controlled clinical trial in the emergency room. AB - We performed a randomized clinical trial of the effect of immediately printed summaries of a computerized medical record on physician test ordering rates in an Emergency Room setting. The computerized medical record contained medication history, the results of most diagnostic studies, an outpatient problem list, and inpatient and emergency room diagnoses. Physicians were presented with a printed summary of the patient's computerized record for study but not for control encounters. All other patient information was equally available to both kinds of encounters. All results were provided for one period of the study, designated T1. Due to a program error, summaries were printed without recent data during a period of the study, designated T2. Two-thirds of the visits were cared for by internists, one-third by surgeons. During T1, internists ordered an average of 3.2 tests, costing $34.91 for control visits, and 2.7 tests, costing $29.94 for study control visits (p less than .026). Surgeons also ordered fewer tests during study visits as compared to controls (1.32 vs 1.54) but the differences were not statistically significant. There was no significant effect on either medical or surgical test ordering during time period T2. PMID- 7046483 TI - Historical notes on lung cancer before and after Graham's successful pneumonectomy in 1933. PMID- 7046484 TI - Prognosis in patients with obstructing colorectal carcinoma. AB - Over a 30 year interval (1950 to 1979), 1,061 patients with colorectal carcinoma were seen; 148 presented with bowel obstruction and in this retrospective study were compared with those having nonobstructive tumors. The age and sex distribution did not differ between the groups. The curability rate was 53 percent, versus 72 percent for nonobstructed patients; the 5 year survival rate was 16 percent overall and 31 percent in curable cases, versus 37 and 50 percent for elective patients, respectively. Survival within tumor stages did not differ between the groups; the difference in outcome was mainly a result of obstructed patients having fewer stage A and more stage C lesions. Most right-sided growths were primarily resected, while the left-sided growths were mainly treated with staged resection. Operative mortality for curable patients was 8 percent, not different from the 7 percent rate in elective patients. The 5 year survival rate was 19 percent after primary and 35 percent after staged resection. It was concluded that patients with bowel obstruction secondary to colorectal carcinoma have low curability and survival rates, primarily because of advanced disease at the time of diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7046485 TI - Methods for avoiding a dire surgical complication: bronchopleural fistula after pulmonary resection. PMID- 7046486 TI - Aequanimitas revisited. PMID- 7046487 TI - Early surgical excision versus conventional therapy in patients with 20 to 40 percent burns. A comparative study. AB - Using the records of 72 patients treated at the University of Washington Burn Center, this study compared the results of early surgical excision (by 14 days postburn) and autografting to those of autografting after spontaneous separation and bedside debridement of burn eschar. Excised patients had shorter hospitalizations and lower rates of burn wound sepsis and serious burn wound contamination, and less use of potentially toxic antibiotics (p less than 0.05) than did the prognostically equivalent group treated before the introduction of early excision. Excised patients required more blood transfusions (p less than 0.05), but did not differ significantly from controls in rates of mortality or other inpatient complications, in the number of operations performed, or in the adjusted hospital costs. Evaluation of patients treated over the entire study period for more shallow burns indicated no concurrent change in other aspects of burn care which might account for the observed results. We conclude that early excision and grafting in young, otherwise healthy patients with 20 to 40 percent total body surface area burns that are likely to heal within 3 weeks is more effective than the more traditional management of slow wound separation and debridement. PMID- 7046488 TI - [Means of improving the accuracy of determining the terms of pregnancy, labor and maternity leave using a computer]. PMID- 7046490 TI - The countersuit-its use and effectiveness. PMID- 7046489 TI - Problems, history, and dilemma. A case for science law. PMID- 7046491 TI - Composite resins-current concepts. PMID- 7046492 TI - New alloys for crown and bridge. PMID- 7046493 TI - Hypoglycemia in the fetal alcohol syndrome in rat. AB - As a treatable cause of central nervous system dysfunctions in the fetal alcohol syndrome, ethanol-induced hypoglycemia was studied in experimental rat models. Female Wistar rats were divided into ethanol and control groups. Before mating and during pregnancy, the ethanol group received 30% ethanol (E), or E with 20% sucrose (S) or 20% glucose (G), and the control group received water (W), or W with S or G. Pregnancies were terminated on gestational day (gd) 15, 18, and 21 by cesarean section or by spontaneous delivery. Dams and offspring were weighed and examined for several biochemical factors. Maternal blood glucose levels were higher on gd 15, but significantly lower on gd 18 and 21 in the ethanol group than in the control group. The fetal blood glucose levels were correlated with maternal blood glucose levels on gd 21. Maternal serum insulin levels were lower on gd 15 and 18 in the ethanol group than in the control group. The body and cerebral weights were significantly lower on gd 15, 18, 21 and postnatal day 1 in the ethanol offspring than in the controls. Administration of S or G with E during pregnancy resulted in no better effects on fetal biochemical development and blood glucose levels than administration of E alone. In this work we demonstrated hypoglycemia only in the late gestational and perinatal periods in experimental rat models, which may cause the high perinatal mortality and growth retardation in the fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7046494 TI - Tumor-directed immunity in human neuroblastoma. AB - Tumor-directed immunity was assessed in 29 patients with neuroblastoma (NB). Cell mediated and humoral immunity were assessed in vitro using the one-stage direct capillary leukocyte migration inhibition test and the indirect, membrane immunofluorescence test, respectively. Leukocytes from 83% of NB patients, 40% of normal children, and 24% of adults were inhibited by NB-derived materials. NB patients' leukocytes reacted as frequently with materials from allogeneic neuroblastomas as with autologous extracts. Sera from 50% of NB patients, 8% of child controls, and 18% of adult controls reacted with allogeneic tissue cultured neuroblastoma cells. Leukocytes from NB patients, control children, and control adults were inhibited at a similar low frequency by extracts of human melanomas and cancers of cervix, colon, and breast. Sera from NB patients and controls reacted infrequently with cultured melanoma cells. PMID- 7046495 TI - Isolated testicular leukemia following bone marrow transplant for acute lymphocytic leukemia. The need for pretransplant testicular biopsies. AB - Bone marrow transplantation has become an accepted mode of treatment for children with acute myelocytic leukemia in their first remission and acute lymphocytic leukemia after their first bone marrow relapse. Two-year survival rates of 50% can be achieved in patients undergoing transplant during remission, in contrast to a 2-year survival of 15% in those undergoing transplant while still in marrow relapse. Recurrence of bone marrow leukemia relapse is a significant cause of marrow transplant failure. Overt or occult testicular relapse occurs in 10-15% of males with acute lymphocytic leukemia receiving or having completed standard therapy regimens for control of their disease and frequently leads to a subsequent bone marrow relapse. This paper describes a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia who received a successful marrow transplant following bone marrow relapse and developed testicular leukemia relapse approximately 20 months after transplant. The experience with this child suggests that bilateral testicular biopsies should be a mandatory part of the routine evaluation to screen for residual leukemia before bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7046496 TI - Directory of accredited organizations, approved programs/offerings, and accredited continuing education certificate programs preparing nurse practitioners. PMID- 7046497 TI - Nursing Hall of Fame. PMID- 7046498 TI - Outpatient sedation for oral surgery. A new technique using etomidate. AB - In an attempt to exploit the benefits and to reduce the incidence of side-effects of etomidate during intravenous sedation for nervous patients undergoing oral surgery under local analgesia, a series of four clinical trials were undertaken: a pilot study in which etomidate was preceded by a combination of pentazocine and diazepam; a double-blind study in which saline was randomly substituted for the etomidate, and two further studies in which the administration of etomidate was preceded by that of either pentazocine or diazepam alone. The combination of a small dose of diazepam (0.1 mg/kg) with an initial dose of etomidate (0.1 mg/kg) followed by increments of the latter as necessary proved to be most successful in reducing the severity of unwanted reactions while retaining the unique advantages of etomidate. PMID- 7046499 TI - Ocular displacement during mechanical ventilation. PMID- 7046500 TI - Intra-ocular pressure and premedication with oral diazepam. AB - Thirty patients scheduled for routine eye surgery were randomly allocated to receive either diazepam 0.2 mg/kg or ascorbic acid 100 mg orally 90 minutes pre operatively in a double-blind fashion. Diazepam caused no significant change in intra-ocular pressure. PMID- 7046501 TI - High frequency venturi jet ventilation. Adult respiratory distress syndrome--a case report. AB - A Penlon Nuffield Series 200 Ventilator, adapted for use as a high frequency jet ventilator, was used to treat a patient with adult respiratory distress syndrome. Adequate alveolar ventilation with this method was achieved with lower mean intrapulmonary pressure (5.4 cmH2O) than with conventional intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) (6 cmH2O). An improved cardiac output was also apparent, as judged by a better systemic blood pressure [105/50 mmHg for high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) compared to 90/40 mmHg for IPPV] and a lower central venous pressure 6 cmH2O for HFJV as compared to 9.5 cmH2O with conventional IPPV. During HFJV, the patient's need for sedatives and narcotics was reduced. This allowed an assessment to be made of any potential neurological damage caused by the cervical fracture. An assessment had not been possible during conventional ventilation due to the heavy narcotic and sedative regime required to settle the patient. This case report provides further evidence that HFJV is a useful adjunct in the management of patients requiring mechanical ventilation and also that the Penlon Nuffield Series 200 Ventilator is capable of high frequency jet ventilation. PMID- 7046502 TI - A conductometric method for the assay of amidase and peptidase activities. PMID- 7046503 TI - Analytical ion exchange chromatography of proteins. PMID- 7046504 TI - Quantitative pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of bacterial cell walls. PMID- 7046505 TI - A specific stain for alpha-glucosidases in isoelectric focusing gels. PMID- 7046506 TI - Determination of hydrogenase activity using an anaerobic spectrophotometric device. PMID- 7046507 TI - Two-dimensional gel systems for rapid histone analysis for use in minislab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7046508 TI - Application of isotope dilution analysis to the determination of sulfate in glycoproteins and oligosaccharides. PMID- 7046509 TI - A rapid method for the determination of guanosine 5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate and guanosine 5'-triphosphate-3'-diphosphate by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7046510 TI - Purification of yeast hexokinase isoenzymes using affinity chromatography and chromatofocusing. PMID- 7046511 TI - A rapid whole-cell assay for superoxide dismutase. PMID- 7046512 TI - The early days of European Developmental Biology Organisation (E.D.B.O.). PMID- 7046513 TI - Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on carotid blood flow during closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs. PMID- 7046514 TI - Oxygen jet ventilation of patients with tracheal T-tube. PMID- 7046515 TI - Bacterial interactions between anesthesiologists, their patients, and equipment. PMID- 7046516 TI - Treatment of severe tracheobronchomalacia with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). PMID- 7046517 TI - The ICP/CBF effects of volume loading during PEEP administration. PMID- 7046518 TI - Influence of ventilation on response to fluid load in dogs: body water and albumin distribution. AB - Beagle dogs were sedated with intravenous pentobarbital ventilated for 46 h with either spontaneous ventilation (SV), controlled ventilation (CV), or controlled ventilation with 10 cmH2O end-expiratory pressure (CV + PEEP). Throughout the study period saline (0.45 per cent with added KCl) was infused at 120 ml/h. The influence of ventilatory mode on the accumulation and organ distribution of body water during continuous fluid loading was determined. Five animals were studied with each ventilatory mode. In all groups body weight increased, but with SV weight increase began only after 28 h and increased by 7.2 per cent of body weight by 46 h. With CV the weight increase was continuous and was 9.2 per cent of initial body weight at 46 h. With CV + PEEP the increase was earlier and greater reaching 22 per cent by 46 h. Radioisotopic analysis of total body water, extracellular water, and plasma and erythrocyte water demonstrated that the body weight increase was due to water retention principally in the extracellular compartment. Postmortem analysis of the major body organs for water and albumin distribution demonstrated increased water in the muscle and subcutaneous tissue of the CV + PEEP group that accounted for the total difference in water retention compared to the SV or CV animals. Organ extravascular albumin content varied relatively little between ventilatory modes. Ventilation with increased mean pressure was accompanied by marked and prolonged fluid retention. In these otherwise healthy dogs the water accumulation confined to sites that appeared unlikely to interfere with organ function. PMID- 7046520 TI - Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and renal function. PMID- 7046519 TI - Measurement of extravascular lung water in dogs using the thermal-green dye indicator dilution method. AB - The measurement of extravascular lung water by a double-indicator dilution technique using cold indocyanine green dye was evaluated in dogs. Pulmonary edema was induced in 11 animals by volume overload; 12 animals served as controls. For each measurement, the two indicators (cold dye) were injected into the superior vena cava and detected in the femoral artery. The extravascular thermal volume was calculated using the mean transit times of the two indicator curves. Pretermination measurements of extravascular thermal volume correlated closely with standard gravimetric analysis of pulmonary extravascular tissue weight (EVTV - 1.15 PEW + 2.1 ml/kg, n = 21, r = 0.97, P less than 0.001; where EVTV = extravascular thermal volume and PEW = pulmonary extravascular tissue weight). Throughout the experiment, the arterial oxygen tension and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient, correlated poorly with EVTV (linear correlation: r = 0.47, 0.45, respectively). The intrapulmonary shunt correlated better with EVTV (r = 0.72). Nonlinear correlation of EVTV with intravascular pressures (left ventricular filling pressures, colloid oncotic pressures, and the pulmonary artery occlusion pressure-colloid oncotic pressure gradient) were more significant than linear relationships. The critical pressures at which lung water rapidly increased in this model occurred at left ventricular filling pressures of 22-27 mmHg and at pulmonary artery occlusion pressure-colloid oncotic pressure gradients of 25-30 mmHg. The thermal dye technique appears to provide an accurate measurement of lung water changes in this pressure edema model. PMID- 7046521 TI - Therapeutic effect of ticlopidine, a new inhibitor of platelet aggregation, on chronic arterial occlusive diseases, a double-blind study versus placebo. AB - The clinical efficacy of ticlopidine, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, was evaluated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study on 193 patients with ischemic ulcers due to chronic arterial occlusion. In the group treated with ticlopidine, significantly better efficacy was noted over the placebo group in terms of judgment on overall improvement by doctors in charge as well as by the committee assessing with color slide films. The drug was particularly effective for the treatment of patients with occlusion in the arteries on the distal side and for the ischemic ulcer with relatively small size. In the group with ticlopidine, granulation was significantly improved compared to the placebo group. Those patients who had pain due to arterial occlusion on the distal side were significantly improved by this agent. The mean diameters of ulcers were clearly reduced. Therefore, this agent could possibly be claimed as an effective remedy against the main symptoms of chronic arterial occlusion. The frequencies of side effects and abnormalities in laboratory tests were comparable in the group treated with ticlopidine to those of the group with placebo. It was, therefore, concluded that this agent has an outstanding clinical value as a conservative treatment in chronic arterial occlusion. PMID- 7046522 TI - What is new in the clinical evaluation of patients with ischemic heart disease? AB - New information related to the mechanism of heart sound and murmurs, and a more detailed understanding of some aspects of cardiac function, permit a more complete and accurate interpretation of auscultatory signs in patients with ischemic heart disease. The diminished second sound in such patients is now recognized to reflect isovolumic relaxation, and the diminished first sound probably reflects impaired isovolumic contraction. Ejection murmurs can be interpreted in light of their relation to turbulent flow. The variability of regurgitant murmurs in the papillary muscle dysfunction syndrome seems to be explained by new observations related to the function of the papillary muscle. PMID- 7046523 TI - Immunologic aspects of heart disease. AB - All forms of heart disease, whether caused by streptococcus group A, aseptic heart injury, virus, hypersensitivity, autoimmune conditions, or graft-versus host reactions, have in common allogenic transformation of the myocardial cell membrane and production of multifunctional autoantibodies, in addition to cause specific antibodies, some of which cross-react with heart tissue. The outcome of this immunologic insult depends on the ability of the host's immunoregulatory mechanisms to dispose swiftly of the offending antigen and antibody or their complexes. Heart disease often results when these mechanisms, exemplified here, are not intact or when they function inappropriately in genetic or acquired settings and in varying haplotype frames. PMID- 7046524 TI - Double-blind clinical and plethysmographic study of calcium dobesilate in patients with peripheral microvascular disorders. PMID- 7046525 TI - The clinical impact of the discovery of IgE. PMID- 7046526 TI - Clinical and immunological aspects of food hypersensitivity. Bela Schick memorial lecture. PMID- 7046527 TI - Necrotizing fasciitis. PMID- 7046528 TI - Induction of immunologic memory by a lipopolysaccharide-protein complex isolated from Fusobacterium necrophorum: cellular response. AB - The ability of a lipopolysaccharide protein (LPS-P) complex extracted from Fusobacterium necrophorum to establish immunologic memory in BALB/c mice splenocytes was demonstrated. The LPS-P molecule differed from the phenol water extracted LPS because it contained approximately 12% protein. Initial experiments showed that primary and secondary spleen plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to IV or IM injections of LPS-P were highly dose-dependent. Suitable primary doses stimulated significant (P less than 0.05) amounts of direct and direct + indirect PFC by postinoculation day (PID) 14 and primed the mice for an enhanced secondary response to small booster injections. When mice were inoculated with a suitable primary IM dose of aluminum hydroxide-precipitated LPS-P, significant amounts of direct and direct + indirect PFC were detectable through PID 120. Moreover, significant enhancement of these values was attained with an IV booster injection at PID 105. Primary IV inoculation with LPS-P produced similar results, although the primary response was not as persistent. PMID- 7046529 TI - Endotoxin-induced change in hemograms, plasma enzymes, and blood chemical values in anesthetized ponies: effects of flunixin meglumine. AB - A study was made of flunixin meglumine (FM), an analgesic agent with antiprostaglandin activity, in the management of endotoxin-induced changes in ponies. Three groups of 5 ponies each were used: A--controls, B--nontreated ponies with endotoxin-induced shock, and C--ponies with endotoxin-induced shock treated with FM. Shock was induced in anesthetized ponies with IV injections of Escherichia coli endotoxin. Disruption of glucose homeostasis, insulin levels, hemograms, aerobic metabolism, and cell damage as indicated by plasma enzymes were observed. Treatment with FM (5 minutes) after shock was induced did not prevent general tissue damage as indicated by plasma enzymes, but separation of creatine phosphokinase into its 3 isoenzymes revealed a significant increase in the amount of the creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme bb in group B ponies, but not in FM-treated ponies (group C). The source of this isoenzyme is believed to be brain tissue. Acidosis as indicated by lactic acid and venous pH was less in FM treated ponies than in nontreated (group B) ponies. Blood glucose and insulin concentrations changed in both groups B and C (endotoxin-induced shock), but the patterns of change were different. The only effect of FM on hematologic values was a significant decrease in blood platelet counts. The results of these experiments indicate that FM improved cellular metabolism and reduced brain damage. These effects were believed to be the result of the maintenance of mean arterial blood pressure and enhanced perfusion of vital organs by preventing extensive vasodilation in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7046530 TI - Scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of the small intestine of colostrum-fed calves infected with selected strains of Escherichia coli. AB - Colostrum-fed calves were fed milk replacer containing 10(11) enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EEC) or nonenteropathogenic E coli (NEEC). The NEEC failed to colonize the small intestine or to be associated with the intestinal wall. The EEC colonized the middle and caudal portions of the small intestine, and in these areas, 80% of the organisms were associated with the intestinal wall. Light, immunofluorescence, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic studies demonstrated a layer of EEC adherent to the mucosal surface of the jejunum and ileum of infected calves. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that each EEC was surrounded by an electron-lucent zone and that some organisms had dense fuzzy surface structures which resembled pili. In the staining with ruthenium red, the electron-lucent areas were occupied by thick capsular material which seemed to be in contact with the microvilli. In some areas of contact with EEC, the microvilli were elongated and projected into the intestinal lumen. Light microscopy demonstrated stunted, thickened, and fused villi with the lamina propria expanded by inflammatory infiltrate. Changes in the villous surface topography, such as denudation of the tips of the villi and exposure of the lamina propria into the lumen, were observed by light and scanning microscopies in samples taken after death of the calves, but not in adjacent samples removed from calves under general anesthesia. PMID- 7046531 TI - Experimental infection of lambs with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and Pasteurella haemolytica: immunofluorescent and electron microscopic studies. AB - Colostrum-deprived lambs were inoculated transtracheally with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Pasteurella haemolytica, or RSV and P haemolytica. Multiple tissues were examined by immunofluorescence to localize viral and bacterial antigens, and lungs were examined by electron microscopy for cytopathologic changes. Using immunofluorescence, viral antigen was detected only in the respiratory tract, mainly in the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium and in the alveolar wall. Lesser amounts of viral antigen were detected in the surface epithelium of the nasal turbinates and trachea. Bacterial antigen was not detected. Ultrastructurally, the lambs inoculated with P haemolytica or with RSV and P haemolytica had increased numbers of type II pneumocytes, necrotic epithelial cells, neutrophils, and macrophages and excessive cellular debris in multiple foci in the lungs. Bacterial were seen only infrequently; they were within phagocytic vacuoles of neutrophils and macrophages and were free within pulmonary septa. In lambs inoculated with RSV or with RSV and P haemolytica, cells in the epithelium were multinucleated. Viral buds were seen on cytoplasmic membranes of ciliated and nonciliated cells of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium. Isolated epithelial cells were necrotic. Viral nucleoprotein was prevalent in a few alveoli, free or within vacuoles of phagocytic cells. Necrotic debris and phagocytic cells were more prominent in the alveoli of lambs inoculated with RSV and P haemolytica than in those of lambs inoculated with either agent alone. PMID- 7046532 TI - Effects of continuous intravenous infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin into swine. AB - Escherichia coli endotoxin was continuously infused IV into 31 pigs. The response was related to the infusion rate. Of 13 pigs given endotoxin at the rate of 15.4 and 23.1 micrograms/kg of body weight/hour, 10 had bilateral renal cortical necrosis similar to a generalized Shwartzman lesion. All 13 pigs given endotoxin at the rate of 6.6 to 12.1 micrograms/kg/hour survived the infusion and were euthanatized 7 to 12 days later. Most of the pigs that developed chronic neurologic disturbances were given the smaller dose of endotoxin. Of 5 pigs given endotoxin at the rate of 22.0 to 23.1 micrograms/kg/hour after receiving 200 U of sodium heparin/kg of body weight, 1 died during the 48-hour period of infusion and the 4 pigs euthanatized 8 to 12 days later had lesions that were similar to those produced by endotoxin without heparin. The 4 control pigs given continuous IV infusion of isotonic saline solution at a rate of 30 dl/hour had no clinical signs or pathologic lesions. The continuous IV infusion of endotoxin into pigs at various doses produced similar clinical signs of endotoxic shock. Pigs that died acutely had widespread thrombosis. The hematologic findings indicated an intravascular coagulopathy and some of the clinical signs and lesions in the pigs resembled changes in the CNS in pigs with spontaneous edema disease (ED); however, distinct differences were also observed. Fibrinoid vascular necrosis did not occur in the CNS, and this lesion is consistently present in naturally occurring ED. The exact nature of the causal substance or substances causing ED is still unknown, but is considered an angiotoxin associated with hemolytic E coli. PMID- 7046533 TI - Plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance in Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. AB - Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, isolated from the lungs of pig, was resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, and sulfadiazine. This isolate, SD-1, possessed 1 plasmid (pVM105) coded for resistance to ampicillin and sulfadiazine, and the other (pVM104) for resistance to streptomycin and sulfadiazine. A 2nd isolate of H pleuropneumoniae, SD-2, recovered from a pig in a different outbreak of porcine pleuropneumonia, was resistant to streptomycin and sulfadiazine. These resistance determinants were on 1 plasmid (pVM106). All 3 patients were nontransmissible and small (pVM105 = 3.6 x 10(6) daltons, pVM104 and pVM106 = 2.3 x 10(6) daltons. The basis for resistance to ampicillin, encoded on plasmid pVM105, was due to a beta lactamase. This beta-lactamase was highly active on penicillin G and ampicillin, moderately active on cephalothin, and inactive on oxacillin, indicating a TEM type of beta-lactamase. PMID- 7046534 TI - Efficacy of a nonviable culture-derived Babesia bovis vaccine. AB - Tissue culture-derived soluble Babesia bovis antigens were combined with a saponin adjuvant and used to vaccinate 3 adult cows and 8 yearling heifers. Each animal was vaccinated twice at a 3-week interval between vaccinations. Two adult cattle were premunized with an attenuated B bovis. All vaccinated cattle and premunized cattle along with 3 nonvaccinated adult cattle and 8 nonvaccinated yearling heifers were challenge exposed 4 weeks after the 2nd vaccine dose by IM inoculation of an estimated 1 x 10(8) virulent B bovis organisms. Both vaccinated and nonvaccinated controls responded to challenge exposure, whereas the premunized cattle were refractory to challenge exposure. These cattle given the adjuvant-vaccine showed a significantly milder clinical response to infection. Death occurred in 2 of the 3 adult controls and 2 of the 8 yearling controls. Death losses or severe reactions were not seen among the vaccinated cattle. Vaccinated animals, before challenge exposure, failed to respond serologically to the complement-fixation test even though specific antibodies to B bovis antigens were detected with the indirect antibodies to B bovis antigens were detected with the indirect fluorescent antibody test. The apparent absence of isoimmunizing antigens and the ability to serologically distinguish vaccinated animals from infected animals are additional attributes which contribute to the potential usefulness of this vaccine. PMID- 7046535 TI - Radioimmunoassay for the detection of antigen-specific IgM, IgG, and IgA in equine sera. AB - A radioimmunoassay was developed to discriminate immunoglobulin (Ig) classes specific for the J-5 mutant of Escherichia coli (serotype O:111-B4). Adult horses were periodically inoculated IM with a nonviable suspension of the J-5 mutant emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Before and after the horses were inoculated, sera were collected sequentially and examined by radioimmunoassay. Rabbit anti-(horse) Ig and [125I]protein A served as the indicator system. Antigen-specific IgM, IgG, and IgA were observed to follow a classic immune response. The radioimmunoassay offers a valuable tool for the discrimination of circulating, antigen-specific Ig in the horse. PMID- 7046536 TI - Effect of bambermycins on quantity, prevalence, duration, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella typhimurium in experimentally infected broiler chickens. AB - Twenty broiler chickens were fed bambermycins (Flavomycin; an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces) at the rate of 3 g/ton (US) for 63 days, and 20 control birds were fed nonmedicated feed. The birds were inoculated (dosed) on the 10th and 11th feeding day with Salmonella typhimurium. The study evaluated the effects of bambermycins on Salmonella incidence, shedding, and antimicrobial resistance. Bambermycins had no effect on body weights, duration of shedding of salmonellae, number of salmonellae shed on postdosing day 3, tissue recoverability of salmonellae, and total number of resistance patterns. Bambermycins resulted in the decrease of salmonellae to be more gradual; however, both treatments were comparable at the end of the study. The majority of S typhimurium from bambermycins-treated birds maintained the original antibiogram of streptomycin, sulfadiazine, and nalidixic acid. The salmonellae isolated from the control birds were more resistant to 2 drugs (varying antibiograms). Bambermycins as a feed additive in broiler diets given at the dose level of 3 g/ton had no detrimental effects based on salmonellae shedding and antimicrobial resistance. PMID- 7046537 TI - Lysates of turkey-grown Pasteurella multocida: examination of vaccine preparations by electron microscopy. AB - The effects of differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, freeze-thawing, and chemical lysis on the morphology of Pasteurella multocida from the blood of infected turkeys were examined by electron microscopy. Morphologic differences were not seen between thin-section preparations of P multocida after differential and density gradient centrifugation procedures. The internal ultrastructure of in vivo-grown cells was different from that observed previously for P multocida grown in vitro. Large membranous blebs were also observed on the surface of negative-stained preparations of organisms from the plasma, but not in thin sections of cells from the same preparation. Freeze-thaw of bacterial suspensions in sucrose resulted in partial lysis, revealing bacteria in different phases of degradation. Complete lysis (but not solubilization) was enhanced by treatment with EDTA, lysozyme, and Triton X-100. Centrifuged lysate pellets were thin-sectioned or negative-stained. Pellets consisted of vesicles, ranging in size from 0.05 to 1.0 micrometer, that had a characteristic trilaminar membranous appearance similar to those reported from other gram-negative bacteria grown in vitro and treated similarly. PMID- 7046538 TI - Inactivation of African swine fever virus in tissues by gamma radiation. PMID- 7046539 TI - Evaluation of seven commercial oxidase test products with Pasteurella. AB - Seven commercial oxidase reagents were tested with 50 isolates each of Pasteurella multocida and P haemolytica. Each group of organisms consisted of a variety of serotypes from many locations and animal sources. Pasteurella multocida and P haemolytica were expected to be 90% oxidase-positive; however, only 2 commercial reagents were positive for greater than 90% of P multocida isolates. These were the Taxo N Dics and the Bacto-Differentiation Discs Oxidase. Only the Taxo N Discs were positive for greater than 90% of P haemolytica isolates. The 5 other commercial reagents demonstrated a variety of results. Pathotec Cytochrome Oxidase Strips were not positive with any of the 100 isolates tested. Correlation was not observed between dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine vs tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine and the percentage of positive reactions. PMID- 7046540 TI - Leukocyte migration inhibition in chickens inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Leukocyte migration-inhibition tests were conducted in chickens infected with Salmonella typhimurium. A relatively new and simple method that involves the migration of leukocytes under agarose gel was used. Migration distance was projected onto a white background at 40X magnification, using a microprojector. Quantitation of migration was done by measuring the linear distance the cells had moved from the margin of the agarose wells. The details of the technique and the importance of it in studies of cell-mediated immune response are discussed. Chickens inoculated with S typhimurium had a significant leukocyte migration inhibition. PMID- 7046541 TI - Occult positive end-expiratory pressure in mechanically ventilated patients with airflow obstruction: the auto-PEEP effect. AB - Alveolar pressure can remain positive throughout the ventilatory cycle of mechanically-ventilated patients with airflow obstruction, even when positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) is not applied intentionally. The increase of intrathoracic pressure associated with this "auto-PEEP" phenomenon can severely depress cardiac output as well as elevate the end-expiratory pulmonary artery wedge pressure. Such effects may be exaggerated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease because abnormally compliant lungs transmit a high fraction of alveolar pressure to intrathoracic vessels. Failure to recognize the hemodynamic consequences of auto-PEEP may lead to inappropriate fluid restriction or unnecessary vasopressor therapy. Although not apparent during normal ventilator operation, the auto-PEEP effect can be detected and quantified by a simple bedside maneuver: expiratory port occlusion at the end of the set exhalation period. PMID- 7046542 TI - Nobel prize winners in surgery. Part 3. (Frederick Grant Banting, Walter Rudolph Hess). PMID- 7046543 TI - Alternative modes of cyclophosphamide and azathioprine therapy in lupus nephritis. AB - Forty-one patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis were studied in a randomized drug trial. Thirteen patients received prednisone only (Group 1), 16 received oral cyclophosphamide and oral azathioprine (1 mg/kg body weight . d of each initially) (Group 2), and 12 were given boluses of intravenous cyclophosphamide (0.5 to 1.0 g/m2 body surface area every 3 months) (Group 3). The mean observation period was 42 months (range 1 to 6.5 years). Renal function deteriorated in four of 12 patients in Group 1 and three of 27 patients in Groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.114). By life-table analysis, 86% of the entire group survived 5 years after entry to the study. Marked hypertension, fluctuating changes in serum creatinine, erratic changes in levels of antibody to DNA, reduced C3 levels, increasing proteinuria or sustained hematuria, and flares of extrarenal disease activity occurred more commonly in Group 1. Infectious complications were not commoner in Groups 2 and 3. We conclude that any marginal benefits produced by the programs tested cannot be shown in this class of patients without markedly increasing the sample size. Our current studies involve more vigorous treatment of patients with more acute disease and less treatment during prolonged periods of relatively good health. PMID- 7046545 TI - Clinical utility of immunologic tests. PMID- 7046544 TI - MEDLARS services of the National Library of Medicine. Public resource or market commodity? PMID- 7046546 TI - A threat of inflated information costs. PMID- 7046547 TI - Vaginal microbial flora: composition and influences of host physiology. PMID- 7046548 TI - Vaginal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in healthy women: a review of four studies. AB - Four studies assessed the frequency of vaginal Staphylococcus aureus colonization in healthy women and associated risk factors. An association was found between S. aureus vaginal colonization and colonization at the labia minora and the anterior nares. Significant risk factors associated with an increased risk of vaginal S. aureus in at least one study were a history of genital herpes simplex infection, insertion of tampons without an applicator, and the use of Rely (Procter & Gamble) tampons. The use of systemic antibiotics within 2 weeks of the vaginal culture decreased the risk of recovery of S. aureus. The overall frequency of vaginal S. aureus in the 808 women in the four studies was 9.2%. PMID- 7046549 TI - Bacterial flora of the vagina during the menstrual cycle: findings in users of tampons, napkins, and sea sponges. AB - The recent association of menstruation, tampon use, and staphylococcal infection with toxic shock syndrome led us to study the association of menstruation and catamenial product use with changes in vaginal flora. Cultures of the cervical os were obtained in midcycle and during menstruation from 12 women who used napkins and 40 women who used tampons. Staphylococcus aureus was found during midcycle and menstruation in three women, during menstruation alone in six, and during midcycle alone in none, indicating a significant association of S. aureus with menstruation (p = 0.04). No difference was found in the rate of S. aureus colonization during menstruation in tampon users (18%) and napkin users (17%). In a similar study, cultures were taken for S. aureus and other aerobic bacteria from 58 tampon users and 25 users of sea sponges. Staphylococcal colonization was found to be increased during menstruation in both groups. Among the cultures done during menstruation, those from users of sea sponges were found to have significantly higher colonization rates with S. aureus, Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae. The association of sea sponges with a high rate of S. aureus colonization suggests that they are not an alternative to tampons for women seeking to decrease the risk of toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 7046550 TI - Barrett's esophagus. AB - Barrett's esophagus denotes the presence of columnar epithelium in the esophagus instead of the usual stratified squamous epithelium. Barrett's esophagus had been thought to represent a mediastinal extension of the stomach in patients with a congenital short esophagus. Subsequent clinical and experimental data have established the abnormality as an acquired condition resulting from chronic gastroesophageal reflux. Although roentgenographic studies may show a mild esophageal stricture or an esophageal ulcer, definitive diagnosis requires endoscopy with directed biopsy of erythematous mucosa in the esophagus, or manometrically guided biopsies for showing the presence of columnar epithelium above the lower esophageal sphincter. Although the origin of the cells causing this epithelium is still unclear, three distinct epithelial types have been found: atrophic gastric-fundic, junctional, and specialized columnar. Esophageal strictures and esophageal ulcers are complications associated with Barrett's esophagus, but its major significance is the association with the development of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Treatment of Barrett's esophagus is aimed at preventing gastroesophageal reflux with the additional need for close endoscopic surveillance for the development of dysplasia or early adenocarcinoma. Whether the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus mandates anti-reflux surgery (fundoplication) remains controversial. PMID- 7046551 TI - The lie that heals: the ethics of giving placebos. AB - The 170-year-long debate in the medical literature about the ethics of prescribing placebos in medical therapeutics needs to be reevaluated in light of recent placebo research and improved understanding of the placebo effect as an integral part of the doctor-patient relationship. It has traditionally been assumed that deception is an indispensible component of successful placebo use. Therefore, placebos have been attacked because they are deceptive, and defended on the grounds that the deception is illusory or that the beneficent intentions of the physician justify the deception. However, a proper understanding of the placebo effect shows that deception need play no essential role in eliciting this powerful therapeutic modality; physicians can see nondeceptive means to promote a positive placebo response in their patients. PMID- 7046552 TI - Medical aid to the Spanish Republic during the Civil War (1936-1939). AB - During international or civil wars, private citizens of noncombatant nations often provide medical aid to one or the contending factions. To examine the role of such an aid campaign in a military conflict, I did a detailed historical analysis of the prominent campaign in the United States to provide medical aid to the Republicans during the Spanish Civil War (1936 to 1939). Substantial medical aid was provided that clearly alleviated some suffering, but one of the major objectives of the campaign was to arouse public opinion sufficiently to end the boycott of aid to Republican forces by the American government; this objective was never achieved. I conclude that even a successful medical aid campaign to people in a military conflict may save some lives but may not affect substantially the course of the conflict. Persons who are primarily interested in influencing political or military developments may find tactics other than medical aid campaigns more useful in accomplishing their goals. PMID- 7046553 TI - Endocrinology and metabolism: an annotated bibliography of recent literature. References to journal articles and other papers. PMID- 7046554 TI - Intensive conventional and insulin pump therapies in adult type I diabetes. A crossover study. AB - We examined the relative efficacy of two modes of insulin therapy in five patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. Using a crossover protocol, therapy with multiple insulin injections was compared with the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (pump therapy); both therapies were regulated by home blood glucose monitoring. Although both therapies were equally effective during 2 to 4 days of inpatient management, pump therapy was clearly superior in the outpatient setting. Mean plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c concentrations and the frequency of hypoglycemic reactions were significantly less with pump therapy despite apparently equal compliance with both therapies. We conclude that in compliant adult patients with type I diabetes continuous insulin infusion is more effective in achieving normalization of plasma glucose concentration than intensified conventional therapy in the outpatient setting. Although these patients found pump therapy preferable to intensive conventional therapy, the superiority of pump therapy is not explained by this bias. Whether these results are applicable in a more standard treatment setting remains to be established. PMID- 7046555 TI - Peculiar acral erythema secondary to high-dose chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 7046556 TI - NIH conference. The idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Clinical, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic considerations. AB - The idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders with the common features of prolonged eosinophilia of an undetectable cause and organ system dysfunction. Fifty patients with the idiopathic HES were studied over 11 years of the National Institutes of Health. Multiple organ systems were involved; bone marrow hypereosinophilia was common to all patients, but the most severe clinicopathologic involvement was of the heart and nervous system. Postmortem gross pathologic examination of the hearts of patients with idiopathic and nonidiopathic HES suggested that the common mechanism of cardiac disease is the eosinophilia. Endomyocardial biopsy findings showed that the endothelial cells in the endocardium and of the microvasculature were the primary targets of the tissue damage. This damage initiates thrombosis; endocardial fibrosis and restrictive endomyocardopathy may follow. In-vitro culture of circulating eosinophil colony-forming units showed some normal studies, some studies showing increased progenitor cells committed to eosinophil development, and others showing an excess production of eosinophil colony stimulating factor. Chemotherapy to lower the eosinophil counts has resulted in marked improvement of HES prognosis, as have agressive medical and surgical approaches to cardiovascular complications. PMID- 7046557 TI - Stereology and its uses in cell biology. PMID- 7046558 TI - Micropuncture and microperfusion techniques for the study of testicular physiology. PMID- 7046559 TI - Studies on the purification of ovine inhibin. PMID- 7046560 TI - Modification of the sperm membrane during capacitation. PMID- 7046561 TI - Culture of testicular cells in hormone-supplemented serum-free medium. PMID- 7046562 TI - The structure of microtubules. PMID- 7046563 TI - Pharmacology of prostaglandins in the pulmonary microcirculation. AB - In unanesthetized sheep, arachidonate infusion increases lung microvascular pressure and augments pulmonary transvascular filtration without altering lung vascular permeability. Pulmonary vascular effects of arachidonate are caused by its conversion to highly active cyclooxygenase products, including PGH2 and, perhaps, thromboxane A2. Cyclooxygenase blockers inhibit pulmonary vascular actions of arachidonate. Most prostaglandins derived from PGH2 [i.e., PGB2, PGD2, PGE, and PGF2 alpha] are vasoconstrictors that exhibit potency intermediate between PGH2 and arachidonate. Vasoconstrictor prostaglandins cause increased flow of protein-poor lung lymph with no indication of altered lung vascular permeability. Vasodilator prostaglandins [i.e., PGE1, PGI2] cause changes in lung lymph formation that are not explained by microvascular hydrostatic-pressure effects alone. Whether lung lymph responses to PGE1 and PGI2 resulted from changes in perfused pulmonary vascular surface area or vascular permeability effects was tested with infusions during near-maximal pulmonary vascular recruitment with increase pressure. Maintaining mechanically increased left atrial pressure constant should minimize changes in lung lymph formation due to pulmonary vascular recruitment and derecruitment, and exaggerate lymph responses due to changes in vascular permeability. When infused during mechanically increased pressure, PGE1 and PGI2 produce similar pressure-mediated decreases in steady-state lung lymph flow, despite increases in pulmonary blood flow, heart rate, and respiratory rate with PGI2 and not with PGE1. In conclusion, PGE1 and PGI2 cause hemodynamic changes that can increase [PGI2] or decrease [PGE1] lung lymph flow. Prostaglandins do not directly alter lung vascular permeability. PMID- 7046564 TI - Introduction: detection and assessment of pulmonary microvascular injury. PMID- 7046565 TI - The measurement of extravascular lung water by thermal-green dye indicator dilution. AB - The theory and practice of the thermal-dye indicator-dilution method for measurement of EVLW has been discussed, and all available animal data from our laboratory correlating EVTV and gravimetric EVLW have been presented. The method appears to function well over the entire range of edema seen , and to be minimally dependent on cardiac output. Thermal-indicator loss does not seem to be a significant problem and does not impair the accuracy of this method. Out results are consistent with earlier works in the field in identifying significant differences between the isotopic EVLW methods and the thermal-dye method, and it seems likely that these differences are due to the much greater diffusion rate of the thermal indicator. PMID- 7046566 TI - The exchange of small molecules as a measure of normal and abnormal lung microvascular function. AB - Evidence exists for the utility of measures of small-molecule exchange in assessing the normal and abnormal transport status of the lung vasculature. The evidence for the usefulness of PS for 14C-urea is: 1. PSu compares to other small molecules as would be expected from free-diffusion coefficients. 2. The extraction of 14C-urea decreases with increase flow as would be expected of a diffusion-limited indicator. 3. PSu is unaffected by moderate pressure increase, it increases when lymph protein flow indicated permeability increase, and it decreases when surface area is reduced. 4. Lung injuries such as E. coli endotoxemia in sheep and ARDS in patients can both reduce PSu, presumably through surface area reduction, and increase PSu, through increased permeability. Two events that accompany clinically important vascular injury complicate the interpretation of lung MT curves. These events are surface area loss and heterogeneity of flow and transport properties in the lung. Additional work is needed to precisely measure these variables and assess their importance. PMID- 7046567 TI - General assessment and support of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7046568 TI - Role of prostaglandins in acute pulmonary microvascular injury. PMID- 7046569 TI - Glycerolipid biosynthesis in peroxisomes via the acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate pathway. PMID- 7046570 TI - Hepatic and renal effects of peroxisome proliferators: biological implications. PMID- 7046571 TI - Historical perspective on C-reactive protein. PMID- 7046572 TI - Structural studies on C-reactive protein. PMID- 7046573 TI - Binding of C-reactive protein to C-carbohydrate and PC-substituted protein. AB - Human CRP and the CRPs of other species bind Ca2+ ion. After binding of the divalent cation, CRP binds all phosphate monoesters with a stochiometry of one mole per mole of CRP subunit. Replacement of the phosphate monoester group by other acidic groups or by conversion to a phosphodiester markedly diminishes or abolishes the ability to bind. Phosphorylcholine is bound by CRP with much higher affinity than other phosphate monoesters speaking for a second binding site with specificity for the positively charged trimethylammonium group. The distance separating the phosphate from the positively charged group may be relevant. Protein that has been coupled with phosphorylcholine or phosphorylethanolamine is able to precipitate with CRP. Several natural substances including pneumococcal-C polysaccharide which react with CRP have been found to contain phosphorylcholine. In addition CRP has another binding site accounting for its ability to react with depyruvylated type 4 pneumococcal polysaccharide which does not contain phosphate or choline. PMID- 7046574 TI - C-reactive protein binding specificities: artificial and natural phospholipid bilayers. PMID- 7046575 TI - SAA, an apoprotein of HDL: its structure and function. AB - The putative precursor of amyloid protein AA appears in serum as an apoprotein (apoSAA) of heavier HDL fractions of lipoproteins found in humans and mice. ApoSAA is found by precipitation with specific anti-AA antibodies to be on a particle that also carries apoA-I and some C-apoproteins. In endotoxin-treated mice a lipoprotein fraction with about 2 moles of apoSAA to 1 mole of apoA-I can be isolated, an apoSAA-carrying subset of HDL being thus suggested. In mice, rapid clearance from plasma of native apoSAA compared to apoA-I suggests a special function for apoSAA. The C-terminal amino acid portion of apoSAA may play a role in this function. PMID- 7046576 TI - Large scale isolation and partial primary structure of human plasma amyloid P component. PMID- 7046577 TI - Complement activation by C-reactive protein complexes. PMID- 7046578 TI - Interaction of the clotting, kinin-forming, complement, and fibrinolytic pathways in inflammation. PMID- 7046579 TI - C-reactive protein reactivity with complement and effects on phagocytosis. AB - In the studies described here we have attempted to evaluate the hypothesis that CRP may function in host defense using two systems in which CRP in the presence of C appears to have opsonic properties. In the first, CRP and C were found to stimulate ingestion of erythrocytes by human monocyte or mouse macrophages in vitro, and to alter clearance patterns in vivo. In the second, we have studied opsonization of S. pneumoniae by CRP and C. Experiments with human neutrophils indicate that although CRP and C can enhance opsonization of S. pneumoniae, this effect is more pronounced in the absence of antibody. In vivo CRP was found to protect mice against intravenous infection with S. pneumoniae. PMID- 7046580 TI - Effects of C-reactive protein (CRP) on platelet function. PMID- 7046581 TI - Interactions of C-reactive protein with lymphoid cells. AB - The interactions between CRP and peripheral blood lymphocytes were investigated. CRP, in the presence of an appropriate ligand, bound saturably to a small percentage of normal PBL. The characteristics and optimal conditions for this binding were defined using several different assay systems. CRP was found to bind preferentially to cells with the IgG FcR. Binding was increased in the presence of acute phase sera, and higher numbers of cells binding CRP were observed in acute phase individuals. CRP and CRP-CPS had minimal effects upon lymphocyte responsiveness in vitro, although enhancing effects on MLC and CMC reactions, and a slight blastogenic effect, were observed. CRP antigenicity was detected on a small percentage of PBL, and treatment of PBL with anti-CRP and complement led to loss of NK reactivity, suggesting a possible association of CRP with this function. The functional expression of binding of CRP complexes, the relationship of the CRP-binding site to surface CRP antigenicity and the FcR, and the role of these factors in lymphocyte functions such as NK reactivity and recognition, are yet to be determined. PMID- 7046582 TI - Biology of serum amyloid P component. PMID- 7046583 TI - Hepatic metallothionein induction in inflammation. AB - Numerous chemically distinct phlogistic substances have been shown to induce hepatic metallothionein-Zn (MT) accumulation when administered to rats. These findings suggest that induction of this cysteine-rich metalloprotein occurs through the action of some common mediator(s). Possible mediators include substances such as leukocytic endogenous mediator (LEM) and/or hormones known to influence hepatic protein synthesis. Studies were performed to examine further the mechanism(s) and potential mediators involved in endotoxin-induced MT accumulation. Additionally, the studies were performed to determine the possible involvement of genetic factors, which reportedly influence LEM production, in the induced MT response. Endotoxin (ET) was administered ip to rats and to EP resistant, C3H/HeJ, and susceptible, C3Heb/FeJ, stains of mice. ET induced hypozincemia, hyperglucagonemia, and increased MT concentrations in rats. ET induced hypozincemia and MT accumulation to the same extent in both strains of mice. The induction of tolerance in rats to Zn depressing activity of ET also prevented hyperglucagonemia and additional accumulation of MT. Results suggest that glucagon, but not LEM, may be a common mediator in MT response during inflammatory stress. PMID- 7046584 TI - The biologic significance of amyloid. PMID- 7046585 TI - The phenomenon of the acute phase response. PMID- 7046586 TI - Phylogenetic aspects of C-reactive protein and related proteins. PMID- 7046587 TI - Biosynthesis of C-reactive protein. PMID- 7046588 TI - Immunohistochemistry of prostatic acid phosphatase. PMID- 7046589 TI - Immunochemical characterization of prostatic acid phosphatase with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies to human PAP have been produced by fusion of mouse myeloma cells [P3 x 63 Ag 8.653] with spleen cells from mice immunized with purified PAP. One hundred fifty-six out of 252 clones were found to produce antibodies against PAP. These monoclonal antibodies were classified into four different subclasses as IgM [3 clones], IgG2a [2 clones], IgG3 [1 clone], and IgG1 (150 clones] with k-chains. Four monoclonal antibodies, IgG1, IgG2 a, IgG3, and IgM, were selected from the 156 hybridoma clones for immunologic characterization. Results from a binding assay suggested that monoclonal anti-PAP antibodies IgG1 and IgM recognized two distinct antigenic determinants of the PAP molecule, while the hybridoma IgG2a and IgG3 antibodies recognized another antigenic determinant. The specificity of these four hybridoma anti-PAP antibodies has been evaluated by the immunohistochemical method and competitive binding assay. Monoclonal antibodies IgG2a and IgG3 as well as polyclonal xenoantibodies were found to react with PAP as well as with nonprostatic acid phosphatases; and antibodies IgG1 and IgM reacted more specifically with PAP. These results indicated that monoclonal anti-PAP antibodies IgG1 and IgM possessed a higher specificity for human PAP in comparison with monoclonal antibodies IgG2a, IgG3, and xenoantibodies. The monoclonal anti-PAP IgG1 and IgM antibodies may be useful in delineating antigenic structure of the PAP molecule, as well as in the refinement of serologic determination and immunocytochemical study of PAP in human prostate cancer. PMID- 7046590 TI - Control of acid phosphatase activity in human prostatic carcinoma cell cultures by serum. PMID- 7046591 TI - Design for failure-engineered system reliability and occupational hygiene. PMID- 7046592 TI - The retrocorneal ridge in syphilitic and herpetic interstitial keratitis: an electron-microscopic study. AB - The retrocorneal linear ridges in corneas from one case of syphilitic and two cases of herpetic interstitial keratitis were examined by electron microscopy. The hyaline ridge in syphilitic keratitis showed duplicated Descemet's membrane with focal excrescences of basement membrane-like substances. The hyaline ridge in herpetic keratitis showed a triangular area of increased fibrous tissues in the deeper stroma adjacent to Descemet's membrane with no focal excrescences of Descemet's membrane. PMID- 7046593 TI - Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa eye infections by ultraviolet light. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa elaborates several pigment fractions that fluoresce in ultraviolet light. This fact has been used by surgeons in burn units so that treatment of subclinical P aeruginosa infections may be initiated promptly. We have determined the minimum in vitro concentration of two strains of this organism that exhibit ultraviolet light fluorescence and have applied this principle to the early detection of P aeruginosa eye infections. PMID- 7046594 TI - Moraxella corneal ulcers: poor response to medical treatment. AB - Three patients, all chronic alcoholics, had corneal ulcers caused by two Moraxella species. The diagnosis was suspected from the Gram's stain in two cases and confirmed by culture in all three. In spite of aggressive and appropriate medical management, all three cases required surgical intervention. Two patients underwent penetrating keratoplasty for perforation or descemetocele, and one received a conjunctival flap. Moraxella corneal ulcers often do not respond well to medical treatment. As these organisms are highly susceptible to antibiotics in vitro, host factors must play a role in the poor prognosis of these infections. PMID- 7046595 TI - Distribution of antileukoprotease in upper respiratory mucosa. AB - Human respiratory tract secretions contain enzyme inhibitors derived from plasma and a low molecular weight, acid-stable protease inhibitor, antileukoprotease. The distribution of antileukoprotease in normal upper respiratory tract mucosa has been studied using an immunohistologic technique. The inhibitor was localized to the serous parts of the submucosal glands of the maxillary sinus and the trachea but was not demonstrable in mucous glands and goblet cells. It is concluded that the antileukoprotease found in respiratory tract secretions is produced locally in the submucosal serous glands. PMID- 7046596 TI - [Abnormal vasomotor, sudoral and sebaceous reactions in atopic dermatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Putting forward disturbances of cutaneous vasomotricity, sweating and sebaceous excretion is of slight diagnostical value in atopy, but contributes to a better knowledge of its physiopathology. Abnormal vascular reactions are probably correlated with a functional disturbance of beta-adrenergic receptors of the blood vessels; clinical symptoms of apparently paradoxical vasoconstriction occur in most cases of atopic dermatitis, i. e. white dermographism in 80 p. 100, delayed cholinergic blanch in 70 p. 100 or absence of erythema to rubefacients in 55 to 70 p. 100. The troubles of eccrine sweating are more complex: in the eczematous lesions there is a spontaneous and experimentally provoked increase of sweating; in atopic patients the level of acetylcholine induced sweating is lowered and the mean excretion rate is increased; these parameters are not modified by beta-blockers which enhance cholinergic sweating in normals. On the contrary, in atopics beta 2-agonists increase eccrine sweating in summer, but become inefficient in autumn and winter, just as if there was a less severe beta blockade during warm season. In atopics, sweat is mainly of the cholinergic type and contains more chlorides and less acid mucopolysaccharides; therefore its tensio-activity is increased and its thermolytic evaporative rate correlatively decreased; eccrine sweat glands of atopics are less able to adapt to wintry adrenergic stress, because catecholamines stimulate in preference the dark muciparous cells of the glomerular coil. Eccrine sweat of atopics contains also high amounts of IgE and that is probably the reason of its whealing effect by intradermal injection. The cutaneous dryness of atopic patients seems unrelated to these sudoral troubles, but rather to a excessive transepidermal water loss due to the extensive eczematous microscopical spongiosis of the epidermis and the loss of the barrier function of its horny layer. Decrease of the sebaceous secretion contributes also to the xerosis and following disturbances have been registered: decrease of the total excretion rate, decrease of the lipids of sebo glandular origin such as waxes, squalen and triglycerides, higher amount of cholesterol, decrease of surfaces and density of sebaceous glands and lower labelling of cells in S phase. Troubles of apocrine sweating have not yet been reported. Abnormal vasomotor, sudoral and sebaceous functions in atopic patients can be satisfactorily interpreted if one accepts the theory of a constitutional blockade of beta 2- and H2-receptors. PMID- 7046597 TI - [Bullous skin diseases caused by inhalation of paint]. PMID- 7046598 TI - [Treatment of cutaneous porphyria]. PMID- 7046599 TI - [What's new in pediatric hematology? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046600 TI - Subcutaneous calcification of the lower limbs. PMID- 7046601 TI - Skin grafting denuded skull. PMID- 7046602 TI - Dr. Lyndon Peer. PMID- 7046603 TI - John Marquis Converse, 1909-1981. PMID- 7046604 TI - A randomised controlled trial to compare local with general anaesthesia for short stay inguinal hernia repair. AB - A series of 117 consecutive unselected patients with clinically reducible unilateral inguinal herniae were admitted for short-stay repair. Seven expressed a strong preference for one form of anaesthesia (6 general (GA)) local (LA) and 7 were unfit for GA; these were excluded from the trial. The remaining 103 patients were allocated at random to receive either LA or GA in order to compare the two methods of anaesthesia. The resulting groups (53 LA, 50 GA) were well matched for age and obesity. Perand postoperative symptoms were assessed with linear analogues self-assessment questionnaires. Statistically significant differences were demonstrated between the groups; those patients having LA were able to walk, eat, and pass urine earlier than those having GA, who experienced more nausea, vomiting, sore throat, and headache. The postoperative course and additional symptoms were otherwise similar. Forty-five LA patients experienced mild pain during the operation, but nevertheless 85% of the total group said they would consent to its use again. Ninety-three patients (90%) were discharged at 24 h. LA was applicable to all types of clinically reducible inguinal hernia and was an acceptable, safe, and satisfactory alternative to GA. PMID- 7046605 TI - The age of John Hunter's golden guineas (1763-93). PMID- 7046606 TI - Thomas Richardson Colledge FRCS, 1796-1879. PMID- 7046607 TI - A thought for Carl Langenbuch (1846-1901): a centenary. PMID- 7046608 TI - [Method for determining the number of Escherichia coli in the trachea of chickens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046609 TI - [Frequence of K99 antigen and antibioresistance in Escherichia coli from calves in France (author's transl)]. AB - During the winter of 1979-1980, an epizootiological study of diarrhoeic calves revealed the presence of K99+ E. coli among 8.2 p. cent of clinically healthy calves and in 18.9 p. cent of diseases calves. Some calves which seemed healthy on the day of sampling possibly became diarrhoeic on the following days. In diarrhoeic calves, K99+ E. coli were mainly found during the early life, i.e. in 33.7 p. cent of calves less than 4 days old. These results were obtained with 147 healthy calves and 1053 diarrhoeic calves. They confirmed previous results obtained with more limited numbers of animals. Moreover, K99+ E. coli were found in all breeding systems. Antibiotics resistance among the isolated E. coli were very high, especially in K99+ strains. The results proved the interest of E. coli K99 diagnosis in liquid diarrhoea of very young calves. PMID- 7046610 TI - [A serological study of the contagious equine metritis: comparison between indirect immunofluorescence, slow agglutination and complement fixation techniques (author's transl)]. AB - Serological response of pony mares to contagious equine metritis is studied comparing three techniques: slow agglutination, complement fixation and indirect immunofluorescence. Sera were taken from pony mares vaccinated with a heat inactivated suspension of Haemophilus equigenitalis, from experimentally-infected pony mares and from healthy horses. All three reactions detected antibodies in vaccinated and infected animals. The highest titers are observed with vaccinated mares. Titers are low in infected animals. Antibodies detected by indirect immunofluorescence appeared sooner and persisted longer in diseased animals than agglutinating or complement fixing antibodies. Only indirect immunofluorescence revealed a new contamination of two mares following coitus with a stallion excreting H. equigenitalis. Indirect immunofluorescence must be recommended in diagnosis of contagious equine metritis and in detection of chronic carriers. PMID- 7046611 TI - Anthelmintic treatment of equids: capabilities and limitations. Critical tests of nine anthelmintic agents on ponies. AB - A number of good anthelmintic drugs are currently available which eliminate gastrointestinal nematodes of equids with over 90% success. This is shown by comparing results of critical tests conducted with 9 anthelmintic agents on ponies using the following dosages: 19 mg/kg for Pyrantel embonate, 10 mg/kg for Oxfendazole, 10 mg/kg for Mebendazole, 5 mg/kg for Albendazole, 40 mg/kg for Dichlorvos, 44 mg/kg for Thiabendazole, 7.5 mg/kg, for Fenbendazole, 20 mg/kg for Cambendazole and 7 mg/kg for Parbendazole. From 6 to 9 ponies were treated with each of these anthelmintic agents. Based on total activity of various parasites involved, there was no significant difference in activity of any of the nine agents. With respect to Trichonema spp., or small strongyles, which are most numerous and most common in equids, statistical analysis enabled all nine products to be classified into three groups as follows: group 1, with the most active being Oxfendazole and Pyrantel embonate; group 2; including Thiabendazole, Mebendazole, Albendazole and Cambendazole; group 3, with Parbendazole, Fenbendazole et Dichlorvos. Results with large strongyles sometimes vary quite significantly. Dichlorvos and Pyrantel embonate should be recommended against Strongylus spp.; Mebendazole and dichlorvos against pinworms; Cambendazole against Strongyloides westeri; Pyrantel embonate, Cambendazole and Dichlorvos against Parascaris equorum; and Dichlorvos, Mebendazole with Trichlorfon and Pyrantel embonate with Trichlorfon against bots. No activity against Trichostrongylus axei, Anoplocephala spp. was noted with any of the nine agents tested. PMID- 7046612 TI - Recent advances in the use of free flaps. PMID- 7046613 TI - Experiences with free flap surgery. AB - During three years of reconstructive microvascular surgery 24 free flap cases have been performed. The success rate was 79% (19 cases). Starting with aesthetically indicated small flaps we have during the last year treated only functionally required cases. The trend has been towards flaps with long vascular pedicles and compound flaps, especially those including bone. When the cases are properly selected, the microvascular technique is able to save a lot of human suffering and large sums of money for society. PMID- 7046614 TI - Latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap used as a pedicle or free microvascular graft. AB - In our experience with 28 latissimus dorsi (LD) island pedicle musculocutaneous flaps we found it to be the best method in breast, chest wall and axillary reconstructions. the flap can be also easily extended to the face and used reversed, to cover lumbar defects. In the series of 11 free microvascular composite tissue to vascularize and restore deep and extensive soft tissue defects in the lower extremity, in the forearm and in the face. If a neurosensory flap or reconstruction and reinnervation of muscles of the extremity is necessary other tissues than a LD flap should be chosen. PMID- 7046615 TI - Faltin lecture: evolution of total hip replacement. PMID- 7046616 TI - [Cancer of the cheek and autoplasty in the year 1828. A genioplasty operation performed by Roux de Brignolles, Gazette Medicale de Paris 1838]. PMID- 7046617 TI - What manner of beast... Sunderman Award Address. PMID- 7046618 TI - Hyperplasia of juxtaglomerular cells and renin localization in kidney of normotensive animals given captopril. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies. AB - Captopril, a competitive inhibitor of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), is an orally potent antihypertensive agent. Light and electron microscopic studies of th kidneys of mice, rats, and monkeys given large oral doses of captopril for long duration were conducted. All mice and some rats and monkeys developed hyperplasia of the renin-secreting cells which appeared in several layers surrounding the vascular wall of the afferent arterioles. In the electron microscope, these epithelioid cells appeared heavily loaded with aggregates of homogeneous electron dense, osmiophilic amorphous granules filling distended spaces of the endoplasmic reticulum. The Golgi cisterns often included small, sharply outlined triangular or rhomboid osmiophilic granules. The use of specific renin antibodies and the application of the "three-layer bridge technique" for peroxidase-antiperoxidase defined and verified the accumulation of renin in the juxtaglomerular cells. After cessation of dosing, hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular cells markedly regressed, and there was a significant reduction in the number and size of the renin granules in such cells. PMID- 7046619 TI - Group B streptococcal infection in the neonate. AB - The incidence of disease caused by the Group B streptococci (GBS) has risen significantly in the past two to three decades and the GBS are now a leading cause of meningitis in the neonate. The GBS are sub-classified into five groups (Ia, Ib, Ic, II, and III) with type III being the most common, especially in meningitis. The two syndromes, early (first week) and the late (second to twentieth week) are associated with a 50 percent and 20 percent mortality, respectively. The acute syndrome is usually a result of infection from a maternal source whereas the late syndrome is more often associated with nosocomial or community acquisition of GBS. Antibiotic prophylaxis by treating infants at risk or colonized mothers has not proven efficacious; however, maternal antibodies have been shown to afford protection to neonates. Further evaluation of antibiotic prophylaxis and therapy, clarification of the mechanism of acquired immunity versus susceptibility and further characterization of the antigens of GBS with a possibility of a vaccine as a measure of prophylaxis are currently in progress. PMID- 7046620 TI - Mouse genes coding for the major class I transplantation antigens: a mosaic structure might be related to the antigenic polymorphism. AB - The recent isolation, by recombinant DNA techniques, of cloned probes for mouse and human class I major transplantation antigens has initiated the molecular analysis of the corresponding genes. Mouse genes belong to a relatively large multigene family, whose members share extensive structural homologies. Sequence analyses suggest that some genes could have a mosaic structure. This feature might help us to understand one of the distinctive traits of these antigens: their large antigenic polymorphism. PMID- 7046621 TI - [Inflammation and resistance of mice against "Plasmodium berghei" (author's transl)]. AB - An inflammatory reaction induced in mice by a subcutaneous injection of magnesium silicate embedded in a calcium phosphate gel is followed by an increased resistance against Plasmodium berghei. The occurrence of this increased resistance against Plasmodium berghei. The occurrence of this increased resistance is related to the time elapsed between the induction of the inflammatory process and the infection. The delayed mortality is correlated with a slowed development of parasitemia. It is hypothesized that the protective effect may be related to the capacity of the inflammatory reaction to promote in mice both specific and non-specific antiparisitic immune responses. PMID- 7046622 TI - Anti-tumor action of alkyl-lysophospholipids (Review). AB - Alkyl-lysophospholipids (ALP) are synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring 2 lysophosphatidylcholine. Some of these compounds show significant prophylactic and therapeutic activity against the growth of various allogeneic and syngeneic mouse tumors. Furthermore, they reproducibly inhibit the development of metastases of Lewis lung carcinoma in syngeneic mice. The antitumor action of ALP is mediated by an induction of cytotoxic macrophages and by a direct, selective destruction of neoplastic cells. Among other possible mechanisms, both phenomena might be based on a disturbance of the phospholipid metabolism in the tumor cell membrane, due to a lack of a 1-0-alkyl cleavage enzyme. In preliminary studies, ALP revealed only limited toxicity. PMID- 7046623 TI - Pharmacology of Escherichia coli-L-asparaginase polyethylene glycol adduct. AB - The polyethylene glycol (PEG) adduct of Escherichia coli L-asparaginase was administered intravenously to 4 patients with chemotherapy refractory cancers. The PEG-enzyme in plasma exhibited a half-life of 16-25 days. Doses of 250IU/m2 or greater reduced plasma asparagine to undetectable levels for as long as enzyme was detectable in plasma. All doses of enzyme administered (250-1000 IU/m2) caused similar increases in plasma aspartate, i.e. no dose-response relationship. Pleural fluid and ascites contained detectable enzyme but at a value 10-15% of simultaneously drawn plasma levels. Toxicity in this small group of patients was minimal; nausea and transient fever predominated. There were no clinical signs of PEG-asparaginase-induced pancreatitis, renal dysfunction, hypocalcemia and hyperglycemia. No patient developed evidence of a PEG-asparaginase allergic reaction; no patient formed antibodies to asparaginase or PEG-asparaginase. Two patients with large cell lymphoma showed a partial response to treatment. PMID- 7046624 TI - [Selection of apparatus for separation of culture media]. PMID- 7046625 TI - [Comparative efficacy of prodigiozan and levamisole during allotransplantation]. AB - Experiments with skin allotransplantation on mice showed that 2-fold administration of prodigiozan in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg increased inhibition of transplantation immunity induced by 5-fold administration of prednisolone (50 mg/kg) or its combination in a dose of 30 mg/kg with azathioprin (25 mg/kg). An increase in the resistance of the mice used as the recipients to staphylococcal infection was observed simultaneously. Prodigiozan also lowered development of local infection caused by Proteus vulgaris in the recipients treated with the combination of prednisolone and azathioprin. When azathioprin was administered intraperitoneally 5 times in a dose of 60 mg/kg, the effect of prodigiozan on the transplant survival and animal resistance to infection was not observed. Under the same conditions levamisol in doses of 2.5 mg/kg (per os, 5 times) and 20 mg/kg (intraperitoneally, 10 times) lowered the effect of the immunodepressants within the period of the allotransplant life and slightly increased resistance of the animals to infection. PMID- 7046626 TI - [Efficacy of antibiotics and proteolytic enzymes in the treatment of patients with chronic osteomyelitis]. AB - The character of the microflora, its antibiotic sensitivity, the titers of lysozyme and beta-lysines, the phagocytic activity of the leucocytes and the number of the T-cells were studied in 52 patients with chronic osteomyelitis before and 5-8 days after the treatment with antibiotics or their combinations with proteolytic enzymes. Pathogenic staphylococci alone or in association were isolated in 92.3 per cent of the patients. The microbiol flora had multiple drug resistance in 80.6 per cent of the cases. It was shown that phagocytosis in the patients was significantly lowered, the lysozyme titer was decreased and the titer of beta-lysines was not markedly changed. As a result of the treatment the lysozyme titer and phagocytosis increased and the number of the T-cells lowered especially in the patients subjected to combined therapy with antibiotics and proteolytic enzymes. The antimicrobial therapy with the use of the enzymes provided a decrease in the bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance. The results of the study enable prediction of the disease course and therapy efficacy with regard to the immunogenesis, the character of the microflora and its antibiotic resistance. PMID- 7046627 TI - [Standardization of antibiotics. Acid-base properties and solubility]. PMID- 7046628 TI - [Microbial flora in wounds and their sensitivity to antibiotics in chronic kidney failure patients before and after kidney transplant]. AB - In vitro bacteriological investigation of various pathological materials revealed the main etiological profile of purulent complications in patients with chronic renal insufficiency before and after allotransplantation of the kidney. A statistically significant magnitude of the frequency of detecting identified pathogens in patients wit renal insufficiency is presented. Phage typing of pathogenic staphylococci isolated from patients with chronic renal insufficiency and from patients after kidney allotransplantation revealed no correlation in belonging of the isolates to a definite phage group in such patients. The effect of semi-synthetic penicillins on gram-positive and gram-negative organisms is estimated. The efficacy of the antibiotic effect on various species of pathogenic micro-organisms isolated from patients with renal affections is shown on the basis of a number of criteria, such as the ranges of the microbial sensitivity, the antibiotic MIC with respect to the majority of the strains, the character of the drug effect. PMID- 7046629 TI - Nuclear behaviour during ascus formation in Saccharomyces rosei (Guilliermond) Lodder et Kreger-van Rij. PMID- 7046630 TI - Taxonomic studies on Filobasidiella species and their anamorphs. AB - The taxonomy of Filobasidiella neoformans Kwon-Chung and F. bacillispora Kwon Chung and their anamorphs were reinvestigated. Although the cross between the type culture of the two species failed to produce viable basidiospores, another pair of isolates did yield viable basidiospores. The segregation of phenotypic markers among the tetrads isolated from this inter specific cross proved that meiosis had occurred. On the basis of other previously known differences and the present genetic study, the two species are now considered to be two varieties of the species, F. neoformans. The anamorph of F. neoformans var. neoformans grew well at 37 degrees C in vitro and produced fatal infection in mice while that of F. neoformans var. bacillispora grew poorly at 37 degree C and failed to produce fatal infection in mice. Cryptococcus bacillisporus Kwon-Chung et Bennett is regarded as a synonym of C. neoformans var. gattii Vanbreuseghem et Takashio. PMID- 7046631 TI - Incidence of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim of Salmonella strains isolated in The Netherlands during 1975 1980. AB - From 1975-1980, about 130 000 Salmonella strains isolated from various sources were tested for resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim. Following the ban on incorporation of tetracycline in animal feeds for nutritive purposes, tetracycline resistance in S. typhimurium and S. panama strains of porcine origin dropped from about 90% in 1974 for both species, to about 34% and 1%, respectively, 1980. The incidence of resistance in human strains concurrently decreased from about 80% in 1974 to 25% and 1%, respectively, in 1980. The build-up of multiple resistance in bovine S. dublin and S. typhimurium strains, already started in 1973-74, has continued. Recently, phage type 193 S. typhimurium strains have become predominant and they are invariable resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, sulphonamide and trimethoprim. Up to now, type 193 strains were hardly encountered in human patients, but the number of human isolates is slowly increasing. A fairly large number of multiply resistant strains belonging to S. oranienburg, S. schwarzengrund, S. typhimurium and, recently, S. krefeld have been isolated from adoptive children from the Far East. PMID- 7046632 TI - Membrane adhesion in reconstituted proteoliposomes containing the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex: the role of charged surface groups. PMID- 7046633 TI - The effect of temperature on the self-association of S5 and on the association of S5 with S8 as determined by sedimentation equilibrium. PMID- 7046634 TI - The effects of cations and trypsin on extraction of chlorophyll-protein complexes by octyl glucoside. PMID- 7046635 TI - Interaction of gene 5 protein with DNA. PMID- 7046636 TI - Inhibitory action of erythromycin on protein biosynthesis by isolated polyribosomes. PMID- 7046637 TI - Influence of the redox potential on the activity of Clostridium pasteurianum and Chromatium hydrogenases. PMID- 7046638 TI - Detection and regulation of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity in rat skeletal muscle. PMID- 7046639 TI - Herpes gestationis associated with choriocarcinoma. AB - Herpes gestationis (HG) is a rare, vesicobullous dermatosis of pregnancy or the puerperium. It has been associated with hydatid mole and the use of oral contraceptives. Reports of HG and choriocarcinoma are extremely rare: only two cases have been reported. Metastatic choriocarcinoma, followed by a pruritic, bullous eruption, developed in a 36-year-old woman. A biopsy specimen of the lesions showed subepidermal bullae, with an eosinophilic infiltrate. Direct immunofluorescent microscopic findings showed IgG and C3 deposition at the basement membrane zone, establishing the diagnosis of HG. Methotrexate therapy produced a cure of the carcinoma and a simultaneous resolution of the skin lesions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the association of HG and choriocarcinoma with immunofluorescent microscopic findings. PMID- 7046640 TI - Colchicine. New uses of an old, old drug. PMID- 7046641 TI - Pseudogranuloma inguinale caused by haemophilus ducreyi. AB - We used a new selective culture medium to isolate Haemophilus ducreyi from a penile ulcer that had the clinical appearance of granuloma inguinale. The isolation of the organism in pure culture permitted us to make a definitive diagnosis and obtain antimicrobial susceptibility data in a relatively short period. As a result, we were able to change therapy from sulfamethoxazole to erythromycin, and the infection rapidly healed. PMID- 7046642 TI - Case for diagnosis: vesicular pemphigoid? AB - A 47-year-old man was diagnosed as having dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) in 1957. His failure to respond to therapy and the advent of immunofluorescent techniques led to a subsequent tentative diagnosis of vesicular pemphigoid (VP). High titered, antibasal zone antibodies were present. However, unlike previously reported cases, direct immunofluorescence microscopy initially showed a DH-like and, later, an atypical granular band instead of a tubular (linear) band but with bullous pemphigoid (BP)-like immunoglobulin composition. No IgA was present. The patient's serum antibasal zone antibodies reacted with his perilesional skin despite granular deposits present at the same site, suggesting concomitant BP- and DH-like immunologic phenomena. The non-IgA-containing atypical granular band might be an immunologic marker for a subset of VP or another distinct disease entity demonstrating an immunologic overlap between BP and DH. PMID- 7046643 TI - Immunology of human dermatophyte infections. AB - Human infection is the result of a complex interplay of factors pertaining to the invading organism, the host, and the environment. This is best shown in human dermatophyte infections. Acute infections are usually short-lived and easy to treat. The patient has good cell-mediated immunity, short-term antidermatophyte antibodies, and delayed hypersensitivity. In chronic infections, the infection is long-term and resistant to therapy. Patients have poor in vitro assessed cell mediated immunity and immediate hypersensitivity to fungal antigens. Antidermatophyte antibodies usually do not disappear quickly. Development of more specific and sensitive assays will add to our understanding of this unique host parasite relationship. The speculative role of anti-idiotypic antibodies is discussed. PMID- 7046644 TI - [Cancer of the thyroid in irradiated subjects: biological and morphological aspects]. PMID- 7046645 TI - [Histological aspects and prognosis of so-called histiocytic lymphomas]. PMID- 7046646 TI - [Primary plasmocytoma of the thyroid. Report of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 7046647 TI - [Plasma cell granuloma of the lung. Illustration of a case and analysis of the literature]. PMID- 7046648 TI - Total glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) levels in diabetic children. AB - Total glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) levels from capillary blood were studied retrospectively during a 1-year period in 148 diabetic children aged between 1.9 and 16.8 years. The clinic range for HbA1 was 6.7 to 22.2% and the results were normally distributed (mean +/- SD 13.2 +/- 2.8%). The normal range in non diabetics using this method is 4.9 to 8.0%. Results from children who had had diabetes for more than 5 years were higher than those from children with diabetes of 2 to 5 years' duration. Girls had higher average values during the 1-year period than boys. HbA1 measurement serves to identify the deficiencies of current diabetic treatment regimens. It also has more immediate practical benefits in focusing attention on children whose control is deteriorating. PMID- 7046649 TI - Plasma prostacyclin from birth to adolescence. AB - The plasma concentration of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), the stable hydration product of prostacyclin, was measured by radioimmunoassay in 111 healthy children aged between 1 day and 16 years and in 21 healthy adults aged between 21 and 72 years. The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels in children up to age 16 years were higher than those in adults. During the first 4 days of life the plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in term infants were higher (P less than 0.05) than the respective levels in preterm infants. There was no difference between the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels measured simultaneously in umbilical arterial and peripheral venous plasma in 7 newborn infants. Maternal pre eclampsia or epidural analgesia during labour, mode of delivery, birthweight, or sex of the infants were not related to the plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels on the first day of life. High levels of vasodilatory and anti-aggregatory prostacyclin during the first days of life may play a role in the postnatal adaptation of the circulation and platelet function. PMID- 7046650 TI - New immunofluorescent blood test for gluten sensitivity. PMID- 7046651 TI - [Role of the digital technic in the study of radiological images]. PMID- 7046652 TI - Rheumatoid knee synovitis successfully treated with intra-articular rifamycin SV. AB - Thirty rheumatoid patients with persistent knee effusion were treated intra articularly with rifamycin SV, 500 mg weekly, or with saline solution, 10 ml, in a double-blind study. A complete disappearance of effusion and an impressive clinical improvement was observed in the patients on rifamycin. The synovial fluid and membrane underwent some changes. In 2 patients the rifamycin caused a painful local reaction. After a follow-up of 5 years only one patient has experienced effusion relapse, 5 months after the termination of rifamycin SV treatment. The patients on saline showed no significant change. On the basis of the results obtained from the monoarthritis experimental model and from clinical trials it is tempting to consider that rifamycin has an antimitotic effect, impeding the synthesis of RNA and DNA polymerases in immunocompetent cells. PMID- 7046653 TI - Membrane properties and esterase activity of synovial lining cells: further evidence for a mononuclear phagocyte subpopulation. AB - Recent work in our laboratory with mouse radiation chimeras suggests that the macrophage type of synovial lining cell is derived from bone marrow. Further evidence for including this cell type in he mononuclear phagocyte system is now presented. Rosette formation with IgG coated sheep red cells, immunofluorescent staining for surface Ia antigens, and nonspecific esterase staining all show the presence in the synovial lining of a subpopulation of cells carrying these markers. The proportion of such cells in the lining is very variable, as is the proportion of 'type A' cells recognised with the electron microscope. PMID- 7046654 TI - Current trends in vector control A review. PMID- 7046655 TI - Twenty-four- and 48-hour canine liver preservation by simple hypothermia with prostacyclin. AB - Canine livers were preserved by simple hypothermic storage using modified Sacks' solution and prostacyclin. Orthotopic liver transplantation was then carried out. Five of six and three of five livers preserved for 24 and 48 hours, respectively, were able to sustain life for more than five days. PMID- 7046656 TI - CEA monitoring among patients in multi-institutional adjuvant G.I. therapy protocols. AB - The Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group (GITSG) has since 1975 included protocols for monitoring carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in its colorectal cancer adjuvant trials. Among the 563 patients on the colon cancer study (GI 6175) and the 207 patients on the rectal cancer study (GI 7175), one third had preoperative CEA determinations and more than 90% had some postoperative CEA monitoring. Colon cancer patients whose preoperative CEA was greater than 5 ng/ml had a greater probability of recurring than those whose values were lower (33% versus 18% recurrence with 21 months minimum follow-up; p < 0.05). The prognostic value of preoperative CEA was apparent only in patients with Dukes' C1 colon tumors. Preoperative CEA values were not of prognostic significance among the rectal adenocarcinoma patients. Although elevated levels of CEA after resection of either colon or rectum cancers were strongly associated with subsequent tumor recurrence, no single CEA value, arbitrarily defined as "elevated", provided an adequate screening test with both high sensitivity and high specificity. Postoperative CEA elevations were more strongly predictive of recurrence when part of a steadily rising trend. In the colon cancer study, the median monthly increase in CEA for disease-free patients was estimated to be zero, and for the relapsed patients 5.8%. The corresponding estimates for patients on the rectal cancer protocol were zero and 7.8%. Only 36 of the 344 disease-free patients on the colon protocol and 14 of the 94 disease-free patients on the rectal protocol (15%) exhibited a rate of increase of CEA as high as 3% per month over the entire period of observation. Two thirds of the relapsed patients on both studies showed a rate of increase this high or higher. The patterns of CEA rise in individual patients were quite varied, however, and monthly rates of increase as established in our study are not to be used as guidelines in patient management. PMID- 7046657 TI - Cross-reactivity and cross-protection in murine malaria. PMID- 7046658 TI - The effect of PEEP on left ventricular diastolic dimensions and systolic performance following myocardial revascularization. AB - To quantitate the alterations in left ventricular (LV) dimensions and performance at successive levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), 16 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) underwent instrumentation with ultrasonic dimension transducers to measure the minor-axis diameter of the left ventricle. Matched micromanometers were placed to measure intracavitary LV pressure and intrathoracic pressure. LV pressure and dimension data were recorded and computer analyzed during continuous positive-pressure ventilation at 0, 5, 10, and 15 cm H2O of PEEP 4 to 8 hours postoperatively. Preload was determined by the end-diastolic minor-axis diameter, cardiac output was measured by thermodilution, and indices of LV contractility assessed included the maximal velocity of minor-axis shortening and the slope of the end-systolic pressure diameter relationship. PEEP produced a progressive increase in intrathoracic pressure associated with a fall in cardiac output; this was associated with a decrease in LV end-diastolic diameter and no significant change in the maximal velocity of minor-axis shortening or the slope of the end-systolic pressure diameter relationship. Our results indicate that PEEP of 10 cm H2O or greater will produce a significant fall in cardiac output in patients following CABG, due to a decrease in preload rather than impaired LV contractility. PMID- 7046659 TI - Intraoperative placement of the percutaneous intraaortic balloon pump through the ascending aorta. PMID- 7046660 TI - Intraventricular patch repair of left ventricular rupture following mitral valve replacement: new technique. PMID- 7046661 TI - Control of postcardiotomy bleeding with PEEP. AB - One hundred consecutive patients undergoing open-heart operation were selected for investigation of the prophylactic and therapeutic use of positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP) to control postoperative bleeding. Five cm of PEEP was applied after placement of sternal wires. Patients who bled more than 200 ml per hour were treated with increasing increments of PEEP until hemorrhage terminated or reoperation was required. After 8 hours, the total blood loss per patient was 281 ml for the PEEP group versus 340 ml for the controls (p greater than 0.05). Other variables showed no significant differences. Fifteen patients bled an average of 406 ml (range, 242 to 991 ml) in the first hour in the intensive care unit; they formed the PEEP treatment group. In all patients bleeding decreased to less than 60 ml per hour within 3 hours. No complications of PEEP occurred, and no patient required reoperation to control hemorrhage. PMID- 7046662 TI - Lung transplantation in the rat: I. Technique and survival. AB - For immunogenetic and economical reasons, an operative technique for lung transplantation in the rat was developed. With the use of an operation microscope and 8-0, 9-0, and 10-0 sutures, the left pulmonary artery, vein, and brochus were anastomosed. The mean operation time was 4 hours; the mean graft ischemia time, 87 minutes. After frequent failures initially, due to anesthetic problems and lack of experience with microsurgical operative technique, a final peroperative survival of about 80% was obtained. Postoperative mortality approximated 50%. The main cause of postoperative death was thrombus formation at the site of an anastomosis. In a final series of 28 isogeneic transplantations, proper data for a one-month follow-up was obtained from 36% of the animals that underwent operation, a percentage comparable with initial canine pulmonary and rat renal transplantation studies. Left lung transplantation in the rat proved to be technically feasible and may provide an immunogenetically well defined and economically advantageous animal model in lung transplantation research. PMID- 7046663 TI - Lung transplantation in the rat: II. lung perfusion scintigraphy in normal and left lung-transplanted rats. AB - Lung perfusion scintigraphy with technetium 99m-labeled microspheres was performed in a series of 14 normal rats. The mean value of left lung perfusion was 36.9 +/- 4.9% of total lung perfusion. Duplicate determinations on three possible error levels were evaluated statistically: (1) separation of the lung fields on the computer scintigram, (2) positioning of the animal under the gamma camera, and (3) measurement after a one-week interval. The determinations resulted in standard deviations of (1) 2.8%, (2) 0, and (3) 1.4%, respectively. These results are comparable with those of lung perfusion studies in dogs. Lung perfusion scintigraphy, chest roentgenography, and postmortem examination were used in the functional evaluation of two groups of left lung-transplanted rats: Group A (n = 12) had short-term follow-up and Group B (n = 11) had long-term follow-up. A common finding in Group A was a subnormally perfused and aerated graft, showing normal lung tissue for the most part at postmortem examination. In Group B, grafts were rarely perfused and aerated. At postmortem examination, they were fibrotic or abscessed, possibly due to chronic rejection. A good correlation was found between perfusion scintigraphy, chest roentgenography, and postmortem findings. PMID- 7046664 TI - A new method to treat fusiform aneurysms of the ascending aorta associated with aortic valve disease: an alternative to radical resection. AB - A new method designed to deal with special forms of fusiform aneurysms of the ascending aorta associated with aortic valve disease is presented. The procedure consists of replacing the aortic valve, decreasing the aortic diameter by excision of an oval segment, placing a well-tailored Dacron vascular graft around the ascending aorta, and anchoring it with previously placed sutures driven through the sewing ring of the valve prosthesis through the aortic wall. The technique has been applied in 6 patients with postoperative observation ranging from six weeks to two and a half years. Technically the operation was carried out without difficulty, and all the patients are doing well. PMID- 7046665 TI - Thromboembolic complications of current cardiac valvular prostheses. AB - Thromboembolic complications associated with twelve different models of currently available aortic and mitral valve prostheses are reviewed. There is a need to standardize definitions of thrombotic phenomena and to report these events for valve model and anatomic location actuarially and in terms of incidence per 100 patient-years of follow-up. The incidence of thromboemboli is less than 2 per 100 patient-years for aortic biological valves without coumarin anticoagulation and for the best mechanical valves with coumarin. For mitral biological prostheses with and without coumarin, and for the best mechanical mitral valves with coumarin, the incidence approximates 4 per 100 patient years. The incidence of mortality and morbidity due to coumarin anticoagulation in patients with prosthetic valves is 0.17 and 2.2 per 100 patient-years, respectively. Omission, poor control or withdrawal of coumarin anticoagulation substantially increases the incidence of thromboemboli in patients with mechanical valves. Some reports suggest that the combination of dipyridamole and coumarin may further reduce thromboembolic complications without increasing bleeding problems. Atrial fibrillation clearly increases thromboembolic complications, but the importance of other factors such as atrial clot, large left atrial size, history of emboli, and first postoperative year is less definite. PMID- 7046666 TI - Specific binding of a superagonist analog of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) to rat pituitary cells and purified gonadotrophs in primary culture. PMID- 7046667 TI - Production of 6-Oxo-PGF1 alpha by aorta rings in the presence of ascorbic acid. PMID- 7046668 TI - Effects of prostacyclin on the contractile performance of cardiac muscle. PMID- 7046669 TI - Secretion of insulin or connecting peptide: a predictor of insulin dependence of obese "diabetics". AB - Ninety obese "diabetic" patients, including 55 treated with insulin injection, were characterized by measurement of levels of insulin or connecting peptide of proinsulin (C peptide) induced during oral glucose tolerance testing. After reduction of body weight to ideal values, patients whose peak serum insulin levels were initially 64 microunits/mL or greater had reductions of blood glucose values from 227 +/- 24 to 122 +/- 10 mg/dL (fasting) and from 400 +/- 49 to 160 +/- 11 mg/dL (two hours postprandial); at C-peptide peaks of 6.0 ng/mL or greater, these blood glucose values fell from 244 +/- 30 to 118 +/- 12 mg/mL and from 400 +/- 51 to 160 +/- 16 mg/dL, respectively. Patients with peak values of less than 60 microunits/ml for insulin or less than 6.0 ng/mL for C peptide did not normalize the blood glucose concentration after weight loss. This critical level of insulin secretory reserve separating these groups was similar to that previously reported for avoidance of diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy. These results suggest that levels of insulin or C peptide induced during glucose tolerance testing distinguish between two types of hyperglycemic obesity-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and insulin-resistant obesity. Blood glucose levels alone did not identify these groups. Among consecutive hyperglycemic obese patients, 36% achieved normoglycemia by weight loss alone, including 33% of those previously treated with insulin injection. PMID- 7046670 TI - Menopausal endocrinology and management. AB - Entry into menopause is associated with a severe diminution of ovarian estrogen and progesterone secretion and a reduction of circulating androgens, although, in the presence of ovaries, a degree of testosterone secretion persists. Menopause is associated to a varying degree and severity, with hot flashes--a disorder of central thermoregulation--progressive sex tissue atrophy, and accelerated bone mineral loss that eventually leads to a substantial prevalence of osteoporosis, with spine, hip, and radial fractures, particularly in thin, inactive smokers with low calcium intake. Treatment with estrogens eliminates hot flashes and sex tissue atrophy and prevents osteoporosis. Unfortunately, oral estrogen therapy results in overstimulation of the liver, producing secreted proteins and an increased risk of endometrial carcinoma and gallbladder disease. The addition of a progestogen will diminish the risk of endometrial carcinoma, presumably by reducing estrogen-receptor concentration and increasing estradiol dehydrogenase activity but will usually result in vaginal bleeding in women with uteri. The use of estrogen therapy with or without a progestin should be an informed joint decision of physician and patient that must be reevaluated regularly as new information becomes available. PMID- 7046671 TI - Renal function and hemodynamic studies in low- and normal-renin essential hypertension. AB - Reduced renal blood flow has been suggested to be both a cause and a consequence of essential hypertension. To test these hypotheses, techniques for the clearance of inulin (Cin) and p-aminohippurate (Cpah) were used to assess renal function and hemodynamic measurements in patients with mild and moderate normal-renin and low-renin essential hypertension and in age-matched normotensive subjects. In our study, compared with age-matched control subjects, normal-renin hypertensive subjects younger than 42 years with basal diastolic BPs less than 100 mm Hg had normal glomerular filtration (Cin) and effective renal plasma flow (Cpah), filtration fraction (Cin/Cpah), and renal blood flow (Cpah/1-hematocrit value). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal vascular resistance (MAP/renal blood flow) were increased. In contrast, compared with age-matched control subjects, normal-renin hypertensive subjects older than 42 years with basal diastolic BPs less than 100 mm Hg and greater than 100 mm Hg had a decreased Cpah and an increased filtration fraction. The MAP was increased, the renal blood flow decreased, and the renal vascular resistance notably increased. Subjects with low renin essential hypertension had renal function and hemodynamic patterns indistinguishable from those of age matched normal-renin hypertensive subjects with similar basal diastolic BPs. These data suggest that in early normal-renin essential hypertension, the increase in systemic BP is not caused by renal circulatory disturbances. Increased renal vascular resistance, however, may lead to subsequent vascular functional or structural changes, ultimately decreasing effective renal plasma flow but at a rate disproportionate to the glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 7046672 TI - Abnormalities of sodium and H2O handling in chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - The pathogenesis of edema and hyponatremia in chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), is poorly understood. Previously, in nonedematous patients with hypercapnia, small increases in plasma renin activity occurred, which prompted this study. In 25 hypercapnic, edematous, often hyponatremic patients with COLD, we measured renal hemodynamics, H2O, and sodium (Na+) excretion, plasma levels of renin activity (PRA), plasma levels of aldosterone (PA), and the plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP)-osmolality relationship. A high prevalence of elevated PRA, PA, and AVP levels excessively high for plasma osmolality was observed. Elevated PRA and Pa correlated with the inability to excrete Na+; an elevated AVP level correlated with the inability to excrete H2). These data suggest that, in conjunction with the hypercapnia-hypoxia-mediated disturbance in renal function, stimulation of the renin-aldosterone level and of the AVP systems contributes, respectively, to edema formation and to hyponatremia in advanced COLD. PMID- 7046673 TI - An overview of the pulmonary features of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - Extensive research, stimulated by the recognition of an association between alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) deficiency and emphysema, has greatly advanced our understanding of emphysema in general. In this article, we review the literature concerning the basic defect, inheritance, pathogenesis of lung disease, clinical, physiologic, and roentgenographic findings in patients with severe (Pi SZ) deficiency of alpha 1-AT. Data obtained in relatives with alpha 1-AT deficiency, who have not been seen by a physician, should more truly reflect the risk of having lung disease. These studies confirm the increased risk of developing lung disease in cigarette smokers. The implications of the finding that subjects with Pi SZ are probably not at an increased risk of lung disease is discussed with regards to replacement therapy. The natural history of unselected subjects with alpha 1-AT deficiency remains unknown. PMID- 7046674 TI - [Rectified circumferences of the brachiocephalic trunk, common carotid and subclavian arteries: statistical studies in 100 human cases]. PMID- 7046675 TI - [Synchronization of ovulation in adult sows under production conditions using PMSG and a combination of 300 micrograms of Gn-RH Vet. Berlin-Chemie and 300 IU HCG]. PMID- 7046676 TI - [Cytology of the swine embryo]. PMID- 7046677 TI - [Use of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) in the treatment of reproductive disorders in cattle]. PMID- 7046678 TI - [Experimental studies of ovulation induction in heifers with the synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone]. PMID- 7046679 TI - [Ovulation in swine following administration of centralized action preparations]. PMID- 7046680 TI - Relaxation training. Blood pressure lowering during the working day. AB - Controlled studies have demonstrated that relaxation training can lead to significant in-clinic blood pressure (BP) reductions in patients with essential hypertension. We examined the BP-lowering effect of relaxation training during the working day. Forty-two patients being treated for essential hypertension with diastolic BPs greater than 90 mm Hg were randomized into either a relaxation training program or no treatment. Multiple BP measurements were made during the working hours, using an ambulatory monitoring device, before and after training. Significant work-site differences between groups were evident after treatment both for systolic and diastolic pressures. These results suggest that relaxation therapy leads to a reduction in BP that is evident in the natural environment, providing new evidence that the procedure is a useful adjunct to the treatment of hypertensive patients. PMID- 7046681 TI - Immunofluorescence and Treponema infection: a method using immunofluorescence to study rabbit testicular tissue infected with T pallidum and T pertenue. AB - We compared immunofluorescent staining of rabbit testicular tissue infected with Treponema pallidum or T pertenue, and fixed in Bouin's fixative, 95% cold ethyl alcohol with 1% glacial acetic acid, or routine 10% buffered formalin solution. The fixative of choice clearly was Bouin's. Although we studied only rabbit tissue, we assume that these fixatives will work well in human biopsy or autopsy material when identification of pathogenic Treponema is needed. PMID- 7046682 TI - Prolactin cells in the human pituitary. A quantitative immunocytochemical analysis. AB - Sixty adult human pituitary glands taken at autopsy were stained for prolactin using the immunoperoxidase technique, and percentages of prolactin-bearing cells were assessed. There was no difference between the percentages of prolactin cells seen in the adenohypophyses of adult men and nulliparous women; they averaged 16.9%, with an average of from 8.6% to 31.3%. Percentages did not vary with age, and were higher in women in the perinatal period. In multiparous women percentages were increased, which indicates that prolactin cell hyperplasia of pregnancy does not completely reverse. No regression of prolactin cells was evident in the nontumorous portion of glands that harbored prolactinomas; however, percentages were elevated in glands with non-prolactin-producing adenomas. Quantitative adenohypophysial cell classification provides a basis for defining hyperplasia and abnormal distribution of cells that result from various pathologic conditions, drug therapies, and changes in the hormonal environment. PMID- 7046683 TI - Osteoinduction. Part I: Test model and comparative long term observation of allogenic and xenogenic matrix implants. AB - In order to demonstrate osteoinductive activity of transplants and implants an experimental approach is presented in this study. Matrix induced osteogenesis following allogenic and xenogenic implantation is demonstrated morphologically, by induction of alkaline phosphatase, and by mineralisation of the newly formed matrix. Beginning on day 20 new bone formation can be found lasting up to 6 months in allogenic implants, whereas in xenogenic implants only inflammatory infiltrations are detectable. Osteoinduction is a matrix conducted phenomenon, as was confirmed by control experiments. Orthotopic allogenic implantation in diaphyseal defects of dogs demonstrates the ability of such implants to bridge a great defect by induced new bone formation and the property of the newly formed bone to adapt to physiologic stress. PMID- 7046684 TI - Rehabilitation medicine: past, present and future. PMID- 7046685 TI - Rehabilitation management of muscular dystrophy and related disorders: II. Comprehensive care. AB - Management of patients with motor unit diseases is now more aggressive than in the past. Most physicians and therapists now believe that it is important to preserve maximal function as long as possible. Treatment should be prospective to inhibit deformity, prolong independent ambulation, and maximize functional capabilities. Management can best be carried out by a multidisciplinary approach to comprehensive care, and should consider the entire needs of the patient. Major goals are early diagnosis and establishment of a rehabilitation plan, maintenance of ADL and ambulation as long as possible, anticipation of complications, and the development of a program of prevention and supportive counseling to patient and family. PMID- 7046686 TI - Cimetidine, posttransplant peptic ulcer complications, and renal allograft survival: a clinical and investigational perspective. AB - Upper gastrointestinal (G) tract complications have been a substantial cause of death following renal transplantation. Cimetidine, an H2 receptor antagonist, has been used in the posttransplant period to decrease this hazard. However, H2 receptor antagonists may enhance the immune response and be deleterious for the graft. The magnitude of the hazard of upper GI tract complications after renal transplantation was determined by reviewing 200 renal transplants. The effect of cimetidine treatment on the survival of canine renal allografts was investigated. The upper GI tract complication rate was 1.5% with one related death (0.5%). Treatment of dogs with cimetidine shortened the survival time of renal allografts (18.2 +/- 5.5 [SE] days to 12.5 +/- 2.2 days). Because upper GI tract complications are not a major hazard and H2 receptor antagonist therapy may decrease the survival of dog renal allografts, we believe prophylactic use of cimetidine is not indicated. PMID- 7046687 TI - Cardiac tamponade from central venous catheters. PMID- 7046688 TI - Intermittent continuous positive airway pressure by mask: its use in the treatment of atelectasis. PMID- 7046689 TI - Difficult aortic stump closure. AB - A technique is described for closure of the distal part of the aorta during aortofemoral reconstruction. With this technique, the inferior mesenteric artery may be revascularized locally in many situations, eliminating the need for reimplantation. The closure of the difficult aortic stump may be facilitated. Direct removal of calcified atheromatous plaque under direct vision obviates the need for heavy needles or for special vascular punches. In turn, this may reduce the potential risk of distal embolism and facilitates hemostatic closure of the excluded aortic segment. PMID- 7046690 TI - [Protein quality of dietary yeast ribonucleic acid studied in growing rats. 2. Effect of ribonucleic acid on N balance and urinary N fractions]. AB - In a balance trial with growing rats the influence of dietary ribonucleic acid (RNA) on N-metabolism was tested. Yeast-RNA was supplied at four levels ranging from 7.8% to 31.2% of diets nitrogen (1.64% in DM from casein + DL-methionine). The mean apparent digestibility of the RNA-N ingested was determined as 95%. Of the RNA-N consumed 16.6% were retained as measured by N-balance technique, whereas no retention of the RNA-N was observed by body-N analysis. This discrepancy in RNA-N retention was attributed to the relatively increased N losses with higher N-intake when using the N-balance method. By regression analysis it was found that 80.2% of the RNA-N consumed were excreted via kidneys. Of the RNA-N intake 45.5% appeared in urea, 30.9% in allantion, only 1.1% and 0.3% in uric acid and creatinine respectively. PMID- 7046691 TI - A solid-phase reverse immunosorbent test (SPRIST) for the demonstration of specific-mumps virus IgM-class antibody. AB - A solid-phase reverse ImmunoSorbent Test (SPRIST) was developed for the detection of mumps-specific IgM in serum samples. This technique involves antibody attachment to a solid-phase using anti-human IgM followed by the addition of hemagglutinin and erythrocytes. In a retrospective study on 40 sera, total agreement was obtained between SPRIST and hemagglutination-inhibition after density gradient centrifugation of sera. Neither rheumatoid factor nor heterophil antibody seemed to affect the reaction. This preliminary study was fully confirmed when 2438 sera were prospectively examined; 84 sera yielding positive results originated from patients with clinical symptoms of mumps. SPRIST might offer an interesting alternative to routine detection of recent mumps infections. PMID- 7046692 TI - Safety and effectiveness of probucol as a cholesterol lowering agent. AB - Monitored clinical studies conducted in 1133 patients, involving 3928 patient years of experience with probucol, have shown that it is an effective cholesterol lowering agent and is well tolerated during long term administration (some patients treated for as long as nine years). The incidence of morbidity and mortality in patients treated with probucol is in the expected range. Although a possibly protective action is suggestive against certain endpoints, the lack of long term parallel placebo groups does not allow for a statistical contrast of the results. Therefore, it is preferable to limit conclusions to observing that no excess of cardiac deaths, sudden deaths or cardiac morbidity occurred in probucol treated men with or without ischemic heart disease compared with men not receiving probucol. PMID- 7046693 TI - Pharmacology and toxicology of probucol. PMID- 7046694 TI - [Epithelium of convoluted seminiferous tubules]. PMID- 7046695 TI - [Analysis of the neuronal dendrite system of the olfactory bulb in the dog brain]. AB - A technique was worked out for quantitative analysis of accurate neuron drawings obtained from the preparations impregnated after Golgi. The analysis (according to 13 parameters) was performed to study the dendritic system within one main class of long-axonal neurons in layer II in areas having heterogenous structures of the polyfunctional formation in the dog cerebral olfactory tubercle. The most stable parameters were demonstrated to be the linear dimension of the cell body, branching of the apical and basal dendritic systems, as well as branching of the whole neuronal dendritic system. Values of other parameters change with statistical significance depending on the fact to what areas with heterogenous structures of the olfactory tubercle the neurons belong. The data obtained demonstrate a greater pyramidization of the neural class studied in the rostral portion and their similarity in the median and caudal portions of the olfactory tubercle and the neurons of highly differentiated subcortical nuclei. PMID- 7046697 TI - [Comparison of morphometric results based on cumulant correlations]. PMID- 7046696 TI - [Structure of the main and terminal sections of the cholinergic and adrenergic neural plexuses in human skin]. AB - The dermal neural plexus have been studied in 8 mature persons during the first 6 h after death. The cholinergic neural elements have been revealed by means of Karnovsky -- Roots' method, the adrenergic ones -- by means of incubation in 2% solution of glyoxylic acid. A high acetylcholinesterase activity is displayed in the main dermal neural plexus, from the latter fasciculi of neural fibres go to the blood vessel walls, to the hairy bursae and to the secretory parts of the sweat gland. Together with the parasympathetic neural fibres, sensitive neural fibres are detected in this plexus. The adrenergic neural fibres are mainly found in the terminal neural plexus surrounding the blood vessels, in deep layers of the derma. A suggestion is made that the mediator of the sympathetic plexus gets into the dermal derivatives by the way of diffusion. PMID- 7046698 TI - [Ostial valve of the inferior vena cava; a 5th heart valve (?)]. PMID- 7046700 TI - [Syndromic diversities in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: neurophysiological and histopathological correlates]. AB - Two syndromatic forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are illustrated with data from two cases confirmed by necropsy and studied by means of electroencephalogram, evoked potential recording and neuropathological techniques. One of the cases presented the typical hypersynchronous periodic discharges through to be characteristic of this disease. The other did not exhibit epileptiform discharges, showing an evolution in which progressive diffuse slowing was the prominent feature. Cortical spongyosis, gliosis, and neuronal lose were intense in the case showing spikes, and moderate in the one without spikes. Subcortical involvement was similar in both cases. This different topography of pathological involvement might explain, in addition to electroencephalographic findings, the different behavior of somatosensory evoked potentials, which were of larger amplitude in the case showing epileptiform discharges, although in both cases deterioration of clinical state was accompanied by a progressive amplitude decrement in the evoked potential. Sleep induced by barbiturates was disrupted in the case with spikes, its pattern being closer to normal in the case with less severe cortical involvement. A Wada test demonstrated that discharges in the hemispheres were independent. Spike periodicity is discussed. It is postulated that the heavier involvement of cortical layers II to IV deprive the remaining pyramidal cells of inhibitory influences, a condition which might explain the generation of periodic spike discharges. PMID- 7046699 TI - Evaluation of flurazepam and placebo on sleep disorders in childhood. AB - The clinically observed results in 40 patients, from 1 to 15 years old, presenting sleep disturbances, in a comparative and statistically approached study of flurazepam 15mg daily against placebo, are reported. Placebo was administered, followed by the drug, during 14 days each. The chief complaints were sleepwalking, sleep-talking, sleep terror, sleep-related bruxism, sleep related headbanging, insomnia and excessive movements during sleep. A significant effect of flurazepam on sleepwalking, sleep-talking, bruxism, sleep terror and excessive movement during sleep, was observed. The insomniac headbanging patients were not enough for statistical analysis. Flurazepam side effects were excessive drowsiness during daytime in 3 cases; irritability, 3 cases; nausea and vomiting, 2 cases, and were not correlated with age. Placebo side effects were similar, except for nausea and vomiting which were not observed. It was necessary to discontinue flurazepam in 2 cases, because of excessive drowsiness during daytime, which did not improve when reducing the dose. PMID- 7046701 TI - Symmetry and asymmetry in the human posterior thalamus. I. Cytoarchitectonic analysis in normal persons. AB - We parceled the posterior thalami of nine normal human brains according to cytoarchitectonic criteria, measured relevant nuclear volumes, and sought left right asymmetries. We found that thalamic zones with multiple projections to the cerebral cortex, using the centromedian-parafascicular nucleus as a prototype, were mostly symmetric. This group includes the medial, lateral, and inferior pulvinar nuclei. Thalamic zones that project discretely to a few, clearly defined cortical receptor fields (using the medial geniculate nucleus [MG] as a prototype) closely reflected the asymmetry of the cortical fields to which they project. Hence, the MG showed a slight right-sided bias, and the lateralis posterior nucleus (related to the grossly asymmetric inferior parietal lobule) showed a significant leftsided bias in eight of the nine brains measured. This asymmetry may partially explain the apparent language specialization of the dominant thalamus. PMID- 7046702 TI - Drug trial of superoxide dismutase in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. AB - A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled drug trial in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, evaluating a superoxide dismutase in 51 ambulatory patients for 18 months was conducted. Fourteen aspects of muscle strength and five of functional ability, as well as serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level were studied. The total change in strength, function, and CPK level did not differ significantly in the two groups. The testing method used was reliable in assessing the natural history of Duchenne's dystrophy and would, therefore, be useful in future multicenter drug trials. PMID- 7046703 TI - Myosin isoenzymes in cultured human muscle. AB - Cultured human muscle grown aneurally and innervated by the ventral part of fetal rat spinal cord was examined using antimyosin antibodies specific for isomyosins from fast and slow mammalian skeletal muscle. Cultured muscle displayed multiple reactivity with antibodies against both types of myosins, with no evident compartmentalization of different forms of myosin into different muscle cells, such as seen in adult muscle. Innervation of cultured muscle resulted in better growth and longer survival of cultured muscle and its more advanced maturation, with a larger number of cross-striated muscle fibers. The pattern of immunofluorescence reaction, however, was the same in both innervated and noninnervated cultured muscle. PMID- 7046704 TI - Historical aspects of normal and abnormal brain fluids. III. Cerebral edema. AB - The early life, death, and revival of the concept of cerebral edema are discussed. This unusual sequence has been related to a clinical syndrome, a vascular hypothesis, a unique brain circulation, and a new investigative technique: electron microscopy. PMID- 7046705 TI - Fluorescent immunoassay for determining antiepileptic drug concentrations: clinical usefulness. AB - The need for rapid and accurate antiepileptic drug measurement in blood is well established. A substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay (FIA) has been developed that can measure phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, and carbamazepine in serum. To our knowledge, the primidone and carbamazepine assays have not previously been tested in a field trial. We compared FIA and the well-established antiepileptic drug immunoassay technique EMIT for the quantitation of both carbamazepine and primidone. In our hands, the FIA method compared favorably with the EMIT method for accuracy and reliability but is somewhat more time consuming. This method has the advantage of being more sensitive, however, and requires only a finger-stick blood sample. Because of this and the simplicity of the equipment required, the FIA system should also be relatively inexpensive to set up and to operate. PMID- 7046706 TI - The streptococcal flora of the tongue of the monkey Macaca fascicularis. AB - The major streptococcal biotypes in the 8 monkeys investigated resembled Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mitior with Streptococcus salivarius forming only 5 to 6 per cent of the total colony count and being isolated from only 4 monkeys. The predominant tongue streptococci were not isolated from the dental plaque. Similarly, Streptococcus mutans, present in large numbers in the plaque of monkeys fed sucrose-rich diets, was isolated from the tongue of only 2 animals and formed only 2.4 per cent of the total colony count. Changing from a starch-based maintenance diet to sucrose-rich diets did not significantly alter the tongue flora except that the proportion of typical Strep. sanguis was significantly reduced. The oral streptococcal flora of monkeys is similar in distribution to that found in the human mouth. PMID- 7046707 TI - Argon laser photocoagulation for senile macular degeneration. Results of a randomized clinical trial. AB - The Senile Macular Degeneration Study (SMDS) is a multicenter controlled clinical trial designed to answer the question, "Is argon laser photocoagulation useful in preventing severe visual loss in eyes with evidence of senile macular degeneration and a choroidal neovascular membrane outside the fovea?" Eligible patients were assigned randomly to a "treatment" group or a "no treatment" group. Recruitment in the SMDS has been terminated because, after 18 months of follow up, 60% of untreated eyes v 25% of treated eyes had experienced severe visual loss. Follow-up of all patients continues to assess long-term results of treatment. Patients with senile macular degeneration who are at risk for the development of choroidal neovascularization should be examined periodically so that if symptomatic neovascularization develops, treatment can be considered before irreversible visual loss occurs. PMID- 7046708 TI - Argon laser photocoagulation treatment of iris cysts following penetrating keratoplasty. AB - Two patients with iris cysts were successfully treated with argon laser photocoagulation. There was no evidence of recurrence of the cysts 51/2 and four years after treatment. To our knowledge, these cases represent the first reported cases of iris cysts following keratoplasty treated with argon laser photocoagulation that have documented long-term follow-up. PMID- 7046709 TI - Regenerative effects of epidermal growth factor after penetrating keratoplasty in primates. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was injected into the anterior chambers of 12 rhesus monkeys after the denudation of the central corneal endothelium during autograft transplantation. The animals were treated both at the time of surgery and three weeks after surgery. Clinical appearance and corneal thickness were monitored until the corneas were removed by penetrating keratoplasty ten weeks after the initial treatment. Flat preparations of the corneas showed significantly more endothelial cells in the central corneas of the EGF-treated eyes compared with the control eyes. These findings indicate that EGF is effective in replenishing the corneal endothelium after injury. PMID- 7046710 TI - Biochemical and histological analysis of "recurrent' macular corneal dystrophy. AB - A patient with macular corneal dystrophy who had a successful 6-mm corneal transplant 23 years ago underwent a second keratoplasty for marked irregular astigmatism. The excised button, which contained the original graft and a rim of host cornea, was divided into several portions. One portion was examined histologically, another portion was incubated in organ culture with radioactive precursors and the biosynthetically labeled products characterized, and a third portion was used for cell culture and karotype analysis. The results indicated that host stromacytes had not invaded the graft and that graft stromacytes had synthesized normal proteoglycans. Furthermore, although there was excessive synthesis of abnormal proteoglycan by host stromacytes and accumulation of this material in the host cornea, minor amounts of this material actually accumulated in the graft cornea, possible contributing to the astigmatism. A large transpant that would leave a minimum of host corneal tissue may be conductive to a longer term good result in patients with macular corneal dystrophy. PMID- 7046711 TI - Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap for massive facial defects. AB - There are certain indications for the use of particular myocutaneous flaps based on their capability to transfer skin of satisfactory surface area. Pectoralis major and trapezius myocutaneous flaps seem to have the greatest application for reconstructing moderate- to large-size defects. However, the head and neck surgeon encounters ablative procedures where neither of these is sufficient to reconstruct a massive tissue loss. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the successful use of the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap as a means of transferring a large amount of skin and to discuss its advantages and disadvantages. PMID- 7046712 TI - Skin grafts: the "unsuture' technique. AB - Small skin grafts are often the most appropriate treatment of skin defects on the face, as in the areas of the nasal tip and the anterior surface of the auricle. An improved technique for suturing the graft and applying the stent is described that uses rapidly absorbed 6-0 mild chromic sutures and a protective stent that is taped in a radial fashion. This technique has proved to yield appropriate graft results as well as avoiding a number of the inconveniences of traditional grafting and stent methods. PMID- 7046713 TI - Cervicofacial high-pressure hydraulic injection injury. Report of a case. AB - High-pressure petroleum injection injuries and best known in the distal part of the upper extremity. A recent Medlars search revealed several articles dealing with this type of injury in the hands and wrists, but, as yet, there have been no publications of this type of trauma to the head and neck region. A 35-year-old farmer sustained a high-pressure petroleum injection injury to the lower part of the left cheek and neck. This case might serve as a guide for management of similar cases in the future. PMID- 7046714 TI - [Problems of anesthesia and resuscitation in pheochromocytoma in pregnancy. Critical review]. PMID- 7046715 TI - In vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity induced by an attenuated Salmonella: relation to bacterial carrier state and resistance to tumour growth. AB - In vivo and in vitro parameters of tumour resistance were examined after immunization of mice with the attenuated 11RX strain of S. enteritidis. During the bacterial carrier state produced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intravenous (i.v.) injection of 11RX the mice were resistant to i.p. tumour growth, could destroy i.p. injected 125I- or 131I-labelled tumour cells in vivo and had non specifically cytotoxic peritoneal cells (PC) which could lyse 51Cr-labelled tumour cells in vitro. Most of the in vivo and in vitro cytotoxic activity could be attributed to activated macrophages (La Posta et al., 1982). The predominantly local nature of 11RX-induced anti-tumour activity was indicated by the superiority of the i.p. route of infection for induction of tumour resistance and in vivo and in vitro cytotoxicity. After i.v. injection of 11RX, none of the anti tumour effects outlasted the bacterial carrier state. However, after i.p. infection, a dichotomy was observed between in vitro and in vivo anti-tumour effects. In vitro PC cytotoxicity lasted only for the length of the 11RX carrier state (approximately 30 days), whereas resistance to i.p. tumour growth lasted for 60 to 100 day s and was correlated closely with cytotoxic activity measured in vivo. Possible reasons for this dichotomy are discussed. PMID- 7046716 TI - Characterization of the effector cells responsible for tumour resistance in Salmonella enteritidis 11RX-immunized mice. AB - In an attempt to characterize the effector cells responsible for tumour resistance in Salmonella enteritidis 11RX-immunized mice the anti-macrophage agent trypan blue was used in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Resistance was measured in vivo by the clearance of 125I from the peritoneal cavity of mice injected intraperitoneally with 125I-5-iododeoxyuridine labelled Ehrlich Ascites Tumour (EAT) cells. The in vitro correlate was measured by lysis of 51Cr-labelled tumour cells by peritoneal cells (PC) from 11RX-immunized mice. Pre-treatment of resistant mice with trypan blue greatly reduced both 125I clearance and 51Cr release. The in vitro cytolytic activity was non-specific. Fractionation of cytotoxic PC on the basis of adherence to plastic or nylon wool and buoyant density, coupled with the use of appropriate cell targets, showed that the bulk of cytotoxic activity resided with macrophages, with some contribution from other cells such as natural killer cells. Killing of labelled tumour cells could be inhibited by competition with unlabelled cells or by separating the PC and tumour cells by a cell impermeable membrane. This showed that close association between the effector and target cells was necessary before killing could occur. PMID- 7046717 TI - An automated assay of merozoite invasion of erythrocytes using highly synchronized Plasmodium falciparum cultures. AB - Plasmodium falciparum cultures were synchronized using three lytic treatments with sorbitol. Schizonts from these cultures were used in a rapid, highly sensitive assay of invasion of erythrocytes by merozoites. The parasitaemias in recipient cells after invasion were determined by flow cytofluorimetry after staining with the dye 33258 Hoechst. Invasion of erythrocytes was shown to be reduced by serum from a patient with malaria. The assay is suitable for rapidly screening large numbers of samples, such as monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 7046718 TI - Immunoprecipitation of biosynthetically labelled, stage-specific proteins from cultured Plasmodium falciparum using inhibitory human sera. AB - Proteins from synchronized continuous cultures of Plasmodium falciparum were biosynthetically labelled with [35S]methionine at ring, trophozoite, and schizont stages. Several proteins appeared to be synthesized predominantly at one stage only, especially the schizont stage. Immunoprecipitation using inhibitory human sera revealed that a variety of proteins, from all stages of parasite growth, were recognized. More proteins, especially those with high molecular weight, were precipitated from the schizont stage than from ring and trophozoite stages, but two major proteins (MW or approximately 70,000 daltons and or approximately 45,000 daltons) were recognized in all three stages. PMID- 7046719 TI - Primary gastrointestinal tract lymphoma--a clinico-pathological study of 28 cases. AB - A retrospective study of 28 patients with primary gastrointestinal tract lymphoma is presented. There were 27 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and one case of Hodgkin's disease. The patients with non Hodgkin's lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract represented 10% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases seen at the Royal Adelaide Hospital/Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science complex over the six year survey period, 1972-1977. Of the patients with non Hodgkin's lymphoma, 26 cases were diffuse type, and one case was nodular type. There was a M/F sex preponderance of 2 . 8/1, and 70% of cases were aged between 40 and 69 years. The commonest site was the stomach (19 cases), followed by small intestine (7 cases), and one case involved large intestine. At initial presentation, the disease was confined to the affected viscus (Stage IE) in seven patients (25%), and in 12 patients (43%) the disease involved viscus and regional lymph nodes (State IIE). The one patient with Hodgkin's disease had involvement of the large intestine, abdominal lymph nodes and bone marrow (Stage IV). This study was retrospective, and a management protocol was not employed. However, of the seven patients presenting with Stage IE disease, six cases had diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. Five of these patients were treated by surgical resection alone, and were in complete remission at follow-up of 66 to 103 months. In order to compare realistically the survival of different groups of patients with primary gastrointestinal lymphoma, we consider that a prospective multicentre clinical trial with comprehensive staging procedures, uniform histological classification and accepted management protocol is warranted. PMID- 7046720 TI - The management of Parkinson's disease. AB - It is useful to divide Parkinsonian patients into those whose signs are confined to tremor, rigidity and akinesia, and those with evidence of a more diffuse disturbance. The treatment of choice in the former is levodopa combined with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor. At the onset of the disease, when disability is minimal, amantadine or anticholinergic drugs may suffice. Bromocriptine is useful in some patients who derive only short-lived benefit from each dose of levodopa. The role of stereotactic surgery is now confined to patients with an incapacitating unilateral tremor which has not improved with drug therapy. In elderly patients with evidence of diffuse cerebral dysfunction such as dementia, grasp reflex, hyper-reflexia or severe postural hypotension, the beneficial effect of these drugs is often outweighed by the side effects. Small doses of levodopa alone may be tried. Anticholinergic drugs and amantadine should be avoided in such patients. PMID- 7046721 TI - Cases of type C botulism in broiler chickens. AB - Twenty-seven cases of type C botulism were studied in integrated broiler operations on the Delmarva Peninsula. Single and repeated outbreaks in broiler flocks were observed. No botulinum toxin was found in litter and feed samples despite repeated testing. Clostridium botulinum type C was cultured from litter, feed, and tissues of morbid and clinically normal chickens sampled from farms in which flocks experienced botulism. Clostridium botulinum type C could not be cultured from tissues of clinically normal chickens taken from a farm without a flock history of botulism or from caged broilers reared in semi-isolation. PMID- 7046722 TI - Susceptibility of broiler chickens to Clostridium botulinum type C toxin. AB - As broiler chickens aged during the first eight weeks of life, they decreased in susceptibility to the lethal effects of Clostridium botulinum type C toxin. Eight week-old broilers were 2,000 times less susceptible to the lethal effects of the toxin than hatched chicks. Different broiler crosses showed similar susceptibility to the lethal effects of type C toxin at seven weeks of age, but 2.5 times more toxin was required to produce lethality by oral inoculation than was required by subcutaneous inoculation. PMID- 7046723 TI - An analysis of the risk of human cardiac damage during +Gz stress: a review. AB - The available information concerning the subendocardial hemorrhage, myofibrillar degeneration, and necrosis observed in miniature swine after acute +Gz exposure, is reviewed and evaluated for any possible occurrence of similar pathology in humans. It is concluded that +Gz exposure poses no significant risk for cardiac damage in humans. Three primary considerations lead to this conclusion: 1) The lesions in swine probably result from very high (toxic) levels of both sympathetic adrenergic tone to the heart and circulating plasma catecholamines acting on the cardiac cells. Most of these catecholamines appear to be released as a result of the overall stress involved in exposing conscious miniature swine to +Gz on the centrifuge, and not directly as the result of the +Gz per se. Thus, the lesions in miniature swine appear to develop as a consequence of a somewhat unique form of the porcine stress syndrome. 2) +Gz exposure is not as psychologically stressful for humans. Therefore, humans would not be expected to have, and do not appear to have, catecholamine levels (cardiac or systemic) as high as those observed in miniature swine during +Gz stress. This conclusion is supported by direct comparisons of the heart rate and plasma catecholamine levels in men and miniature swine during +Gz exposure. 3) Although a large amount of clinical cardiologic data exists from humans who have been exposed to +Gz stress, none of these data indicates any degree of cardiac damage. Even more conclusive is the absence of any cardiac damage in the heart of a human subject who had many significant +Gz exposures over a 2-year period. Thus, the pathology in miniature swine does not appear to be an acceleration phenomenon, and probably does not occur in humans exposed to +Gz stress. PMID- 7046724 TI - Comparative effectiveness of patterned biofeedback vs meditation training on EMG and skin temperature changes. PMID- 7046725 TI - A procedural analysis and review of relaxation training research. PMID- 7046726 TI - Computational and noncomputational clinical information processing by computer. AB - Computers have been used in their computational as well as noncomputational modes for the scientific study of the clinical decision making. As computational tools, computers serve as storage devices for hospital file data so that these data can be analyzed statistically for a large variety of epidemiological and diagnostic purposes. As noncomputational devices, computers are functioning as knowledgable medical teachers that interface with students who can query the system. In this mode, computers are sometimes used as consultants to clinicians who need information on technical topics. Noncomputational computers are also used to simulate the inferences of clinicians. Byproducts of these simulations are computer programs that become formal statements or theories of the decision processes under investigation. PMID- 7046727 TI - [Phemister bone graft surgery in delayed healing and pseudarthrosis after lower leg fractures]. PMID- 7046728 TI - The molecular composition of the volutin granule of yeast. AB - The volutin granule was isolated from yeast by disruption of freeze-dried cells in an organic solvent and density-gradient-gradient centrifugation. The granule is composed of two types of macromolecule, a linear-chain polyphosphate and four basic proteins, of molecular weights ranging from 10 000 to 20 000. In the dissolved granule these macromolecules are in a complex that is uniform by hydrodynamic criteria (s20,w = 22.3 S). The polyphosphate separated from this complex gives a single 31P n.m.r. resonance and in the analytical ultracentrifuge behaves as a monodisperse solute of molecular weight 245 000 +/- 1000. In the 31P n.m.r. spectrum of yeast used for its isolation, this polyphosphate accounts for 14% of total cell polyphosphate. PMID- 7046729 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of glucose-induced insulin release. Environmental influences on L-glutamine oxidation in pancreatic islets. AB - L-Glutamine at a near-physiological concentration (1.0mM) was rapidly taken up and metabolized in rat pancreatic islets. The rate of glutamine deamidation much exceeded that of glutamate conversion into 2-oxoglutarate, the latter conversion being mediated mainly by transamination reactions. The production of 14CO2 from L [U-14C]glutamine, which reflected the generation of ATP through the metabolism of exogenous glutamine, appeared to be regulated by the redox state of nicotinamide nucleotides and the ATP content of the islet cells. The influence of environmental factors on glutamine oxidation was examined in order to identify ATP-requiring processes. Glutamine oxidation was decreased in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, under conditions aiming at inhibition of the (Na+ + NA+) dependent ATPase and, provided that glucose was present in the incubation medium, by cycloheximide. These findings were interpreted to suggest that the handling of Ca2+ by the islet cells, the active transport of univalent cations and the biosynthesis of proinsulin represent three major ATP-consuming processes in this fuel-sensor organ. PMID- 7046730 TI - Detection of xanthine oxidase and immunologically related proteins in fractions from bovine mammary tissue and milk after electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulphate. AB - A solid-phase immunoassay was used to detect xanthine oxidase in fractions from bovine mammary glands after electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulphate. Under these conditions the major proportion of xanthine oxidase in either mammary tissue or mild could be recovered as a protein of mol.wt. 150 000. In mammary tissue approx. 80% of the enzyme was in a soluble form and the remainder was accounted for in either 'mitochondrial' or microsomal fractions after tissue homogenization and fractionation. Affinity chromatography of either detergent-solubilized microsomal membranes or postmicrosomal supernatants on immobilized antibody to xanthine oxidase yielded a single protein that cross-reacted with antibody to the enzyme. In milk presumptive degradation products of the enzyme were detected in minor quantities with mol.wts. of 43 000 in the whey fraction and 90 000 in fat-globule membrane. Only the undegraded enzyme was present in the skim-milk membrane fraction. Xanthine oxidase is therefore synthesized and secreted as a protein with a monomeric mol.wt. of 150 000 and is not subjected to extensive proteolytic degradation during the storage of milk in mammary alveoli. The significance of the results is discussed in relation to the overall protein composition of the membranes of milk-fat globules and skim milk. PMID- 7046731 TI - Receptor-mediated insulin degradation and insulin-stimulated glycogenesis in cultured foetal hepatocytes. AB - Insulin-stimulated glycogenesis and insulin degradation were studied simultaneously at 37 degrees C in cultured foetal hepatocytes grown for 2-3 days in the presence of cortisol. Degradation of cell-associated insulin, as measured by trichloroacetic acid precipitation, was significant after 4 min in the presence of 1-3 nM-125I-labelled insulin. This process became maximal (30% of insulin degraded) after 20 min, a time when binding-state conditions were achieved. No insulin-degradative activity was detected in a medium that had been exposed to cells. At steady-state, the appearance of insulin degradation products in the medium was linearly dependent on time (1.5 fmol/min per 10(6) cells at 1nM 125I-labelled insulin). Chloroquine (3-50 microM), bacitracin (0.1-10 mM) and NH4Cl (1-10 mM) inhibited insulin degradation as soon as this became detectable and caused an increase in the association of insulin to hepatocytes after 20 min. Lidocaine and dansylcadaverine had similar effects, whereas N-ethylmaleimide, aprotinin, phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride and leupeptin were found to be ineffective. Chloroquine, and also bacitracin, at concentrations that inhibited insulin degradation, decreased the insulin-stimulated incorporation of [14C]glucose into glycogen over 2 h. This effect of chloroquine was specific, since it did not modify the basal glycogenesis, or the glycogenic effect of a glucose load in the absence of insulin. It therefore appears that the receptor mediated insulin degradation (or some associated pathway) is functionally related to the glycogenic effect of insulin in foetal hepatocytes. PMID- 7046732 TI - Manganese accumulation in pancreatic beta-cells and its stimulation by glucose. AB - Electrothermal atomic-absorption spectroscopy was employed for measuring manganese in beta-cell-rich pancreatic islets microdissected from ob/ob mice. The islet content of endogenous manganese was 80 mumol/kg dry wt., which is about half as much as found in the exocrine pancreas. The initial uptake was characterized by two components, with approximate Km values of 35 microM and 3.7 microM respectively. After 60 min of incubation with 0.25 mM-Mn2+, the intracellular concentration of manganese corresponded to an almost 25-fold accumulation compared with that of the extracellular medium. When exposed to 20 mM-D-glucose, the islets retained more manganese, owing to suppression of its mobilization. The glucose inhibition of efflux was prompt and reversible, as indicated from direct recordings of manganese in a perifusion medium. D-Glucose was an equally potent inhibitor of efflux in the presence of 15 microM- and 1.28 mM-Ca2+. The inhibitory action disappeared when metabolism was suppressed by adding 0.1 mM-N-ethylmaleimide or by lowering the temperature from 37 degrees C to 2 degrees C. At a concentration of 0.25 mM, Mn2+ abolished the insulin releasing action of D-glucose, exerting only moderate suppression of its metabolism. The addition of Mn2+ resulted in inhibition of basal insulin release in the presence of 1.28 mM-Ca2+, but not in a Ca2+-deficient medium. The studies indicate that the previously observed phenomenon of glucose inhibition of 45Ca efflux has a counterpart in the suppression of manganese mobilization from the pancreatic islets. With the demonstration of a pronounced glucose inhibition of manganese efflux, it is evident that Mn2+ may represent a useful tool for exploring the mechanism of glucose-induced retention of calcium in the pancreatic beta-cells. PMID- 7046733 TI - Liver snips. A simple, rapid and reproducible method for studying metabolism in small fragments of tissue, as applied to glucuronidation in rat liver. AB - A simple, rapid method is described of preparing intact cells as small (about 2mm) pieces of organized tissue capable of performing synthetic metabolic functions. It has been applied to the study of glucuronidation in rat liver. In this process, snips appear less damaged, more versatile and more active than tissue slices and yield results of reproducibility comparable with those with homogenates. From a comparison with the literature, snips glucuronidate the substrates employed at a rate much the same as in perfused preparations and some 30% less than the rate in isolated-hepatocyte suspensions; the advantages they offer in certain situations over these two techniques are discussed. PMID- 7046734 TI - Distribution of beta-endorphin-related peptides in rat pituitary and brain. AB - beta-Endorphin, the most potent known naturally occurring analgesic agent, is found in pituitary and brain in company with a series of structurally and biosynthetically related peptides that are essentially devoid of opiate activity. In studies of beta-endorphin it is important to discriminate between the active and inactive forms of the peptide. This review describes the use of chemical and immunological methods for localizing the peptides in the tissues, extracting and resolving the peptides by chromatography, and determining the concentrations of the peptides by radioimmunoassay. These approaches have allowed the distribution of beta-endorphin and its related peptides to be assigned unequivocally in regions of rat pituitary and brain. It has been found that the multifunctional corticotropin-endorphin prohormone can undergo processing by different mechanisms in different tissues, permitting the intrinsic activities of its fragments to be expressed selectively. The different processing patterns can be attributed to the existence of highly specific enzymes, characteristic of individual cells, which regulate the formation of this potent opiate. PMID- 7046735 TI - Immuno-electron-microscopic studies on the subcellular distribution of rat liver epoxide hydrolase and the effect of phenobarbitone and 2-acetamidofluorene treatment. AB - The distribution of rat liver epoxide hydrolase in various subcellular fractions was investigated by immuno-electron-microscopy. Ferritin-linked monospecific anti (epoxide hydrolase) immunoglobulins bound specifically to the cytoplasmic surfaces of total microsomal preparations and smooth and rough microsomal fractions as well as the nuclear envelope. Specific binding was not observed when the ferritin conjugates were incubated with peroxisomes, lysosomes and mitochondria. The average specific ferritin load of the individual subcellular fractions correlated well with the measured epoxide hydrolase activities. This correlation was observed with fractions prepared from control, phenobarbitone treated and 2-acetamidofluorene-treated rats. PMID- 7046736 TI - Regulation of the activity of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in mammary gland and liver of lactating rats. Effects of starvation, prolactin and insulin deficiency. AB - 1. Starvation caused a marked decrease in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase in mammary gland, together with a lesser decrease in the activity of S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and a marked fall in milk production. Liver ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activities were unaffected. 2. Refeeding for 2.5 h was without effect on ornithine decarboxylase in mammary gland, but it returned the S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity in mammary gland to control values and elevated both ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in liver. 3. Refeeding for 5 h returned the activity of ornithine decarboxylase in mammary gland to fed-state values and resulted in further increases in S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in mammary gland and liver and in ornithine decarboxylase in liver. 4. Prolactin deficiency in fed rats resulted in decreased milk production and decreased activity of ornithine decarboxylase in mammary gland. The increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity normally seen after refeeding starved rats for 5 h was completely blocked by prolactin deficiency. 5. In fed rats, injection of streptozotocin 2.5 h before death caused a decrease in the activities of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in mammary gland, which could be reversed by simultaneous injection of insulin. Insulin deficiency also prevented the increase in S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in liver and mammary gland normally observed after refeeding starved rats for 2.5 h. PMID- 7046737 TI - Comparison of glucose and fructose transport into adipocytes of the rat. AB - The purpose of these studies was to define the properties of the systems that transport hexoses into adipocytes. Glucose appears to enter adipocytes on a single transport system whose maximum velocity is stimulated by insulin and which is competitively inhibited by cytochalasin B, 5-thioglucose, fructose, mannose and 3-O-methylglucose. In contrast, fructose enters adipocytes by at least two separate mechanisms, one an insulin-sensitive transporter (probably the glucose transporter) and the other a mechanism that is insensitive to insulin. The fructose concentration required for half-maximal rates of transport is at least an order of magnitude higher than that for glucose and the maximum velocity of fructose transport is more than double that for glucose. PMID- 7046738 TI - The effects of orthovanadate on fatty acid synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Extracellular Ca2+ stimulated fatty acid synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. Orthovanadate (0.2--2.0 mM), an inhibitor of Ca2+-dependent ATPases, stimulated fatty acid synthesis in both the presence and the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Insulin stimulated fatty acid synthesis only in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. The contribution of extracellular Ca2+ to insulin stimulation of fatty acid synthesis is discussed. PMID- 7046739 TI - Processing of pre-ornithine transcarbamylase requires a zinc-dependent protease localized to the mitochondrial matrix. PMID- 7046740 TI - Reaction of protease-treated IgG with glutathione. PMID- 7046741 TI - Induction of recA protein in Escherichia coli by three platinum (II) compounds. PMID- 7046742 TI - Three luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone like substances in a teleost fish brain: none identical with the mammalian LH-RH decapeptide. PMID- 7046743 TI - 1, N6-Etheno-2-aza-adenosine triphosphate: enormous increase in fluorescence intensity induced by its binding to heavy meromyosin and estimation of the kinetic parameters. PMID- 7046744 TI - Effects of sigma subunit and DNA template on the accessibility of rifamycin bound to RNA polymerase. PMID- 7046745 TI - Direct inhibition of brain sepiapterin reductase by a catecholamine and an indoleamine. PMID- 7046746 TI - Detection of the rat adipose cell glucose transporter with antibody against the human red cell glucose transporter. PMID- 7046747 TI - Evidence for the presence of a small subunit as the principal component of the nitrate reductase of Escherichia Coli K 12. PMID- 7046748 TI - Separation and characterization of a dipeptidyl aminopeptidase that degrades enkephalins from monkey brain. PMID- 7046749 TI - Associative properties of the Escherichia coli galactose binding protein and maltose binding protein. PMID- 7046750 TI - Irreversible inactivation of the flavoenzyme alcohol oxidase by cyclopropanone. PMID- 7046751 TI - Metabolism of the mutagenic environmental pollutant, 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene: metabolic activation via ring oxidation. PMID- 7046752 TI - Immunological identification of an insulin-responsive glucose transporter. PMID- 7046753 TI - Effects of tolbutamide on insulin binding to isolated fat cells of the rat. AB - In isolated fat cells of the rat the in vitro and in vivo effects of tolbutamide on insulin binding and insulin response were studied. 450 mg tolbutamide/kg/day given for 7 days significantly increased the binding of insulin to isolated adipocytes. The binding curves reflected an increase in the number of receptor sites rater than in the affinity. The effect was associated with an enhanced response to insulin of the adipose tissue, since the fat cells obtained from animals treated with tolbutamide converted significantly more glucose to lipids in the presence of insulin than those obtained from the control group. However, the augmentation of insulin binding sites was observed only at a large tolbutamide dosage, which reduced the pancreatic insulin content, the secretory response of the isolated pancreas, and the serum insulin levels. Smaller doses, sufficient to produce metabolic effects via a stimulation of insulin secretion, did not provide additional insulin binding sites. When added in vitro to the binding assay or to adipose tissue incubated for 16 h, tolbutamide failed to increase insulin binding of the fat cells. It is suggested, therefore, that the effects produced by tolbutamide after in vivo treatment reflect an indirect rather than a direct action of the sulphonylurea. PMID- 7046754 TI - Effects of proteolytic enzymes and monovalent ions demonstrate protease-sensitive and protease-insensitive stereospecific binding sites on dopaminergic receptors in rat striatum. AB - Rat striatal membranes from different subcellular fractions were treated with various proteolytic and other enzymes and the binding of a dopamine agonist ([3H]NPA) and of an antagonist ([3H]haloperidol) was assayed in several conditions. In membranes of striatal microsomal and mitochondrial fractions, stereospecific binding of both [3H]NPA and [3H]haloperidol assayed in a monovalent ion-poor buffer was potently and rapidly inhibited by trypsin and certain related proteases. The enzymes did not affect the binding of the ligands when assayed in a buffer containing monovalent ions (greater than or equal to 40 mM NaCl or KCl or a physiological mixture of electrolytes). The inhibition, seen in the monovalent ion-poor buffer, was dependent on the enzyme concentration. The endoproteases (trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, papain, ficin) showed nanomolar IC50 values for inhibition of both [3H]NPA and [3H]haloperidol binding. The inhibition occurred very rapidly at 0 degree and was different from the slow proteolytic inactivation seen by prolonged incubation at 37 degrees. It was demonstrated that monovalent ions did not themselves interfere with the interaction between the proteases and the membranes. The observations provide evidence for two different types of stereospecific dopaminergic binding sites which are differentially exposed for ligand binding depending on the concentration of monovalent ions. There sites are protease-sensitive sites, labelled in monovalent ion-poor media and protease-insensitive sites, labelled in media with higher concentrations of monovalent ions. Both types of binding sites bind dopamine agonists and dopamine antagonists with high affinity, but some differences were noted in the binding properties and the drug binding selectivity of the sites. It is argued that both sites form part of the same dopamine receptor macromolecular complex. The findings corroborate the hypothesis that dopamine receptors are composed of different sub-unit binding sites, but these are not distinct agonist and antagonist specific sites. The mechanism by which the protease-sensitive sites are rapidly inactivated by particular proteases, is probably a complexation between the enzymes and certain essential peptide moieties of the receptor sites involved. PMID- 7046755 TI - Opposite effects of tolbutamide and diazoxide on 86Rb+ fluxes and membrane potential in pancreatic B cells. AB - The effects of tolbutamide and diazoxide on 86Rb+ fluxes, 45Ca2+ uptake, insulin release and B cell membrane potential have been studied in rat or mouse islets. In the presence of 3 mM glucose, tolbutamide rapidly and reversibly decreased Rb+ efflux from perifused islets and depolarised B cells. The effect on Rb+ efflux was paradoxically more marked with 20 than 100 micrograms/ml tolbutamide, at least in the presence of extracellular calcium. Addition of tolbutamide to a medium containing 6 mM glucose and calcium increased Rb+ efflux transiently with 20 micrograms/ml and permanently with 100 micrograms/ml. The drug also inhibited Rb+ influx in islet cells, but had little effect on Rb+ net uptake. Diazoxide rapidly, steadily and reversibly increased Rb+ efflux in a dose-dependent manner (20-100 micrograms/ml). When 20 micrograms/ml tolbutamide and diazoxide were combined in the presence of 3 mM glucose, only a slight decrease in Rb+ efflux was observed. The depolarisation of B cells normally produced by tolbutamide was markedly reduced and the electrical activity completely suppressed by diazoxide. In the presence of 10mM glucose, diazoxide increased Rb+ efflux from the islets and hyperpolarised B cells. Tolbutamide, tetraethylammonium and quinine reversed the increase in Rb+ efflux the inhibition of Ca2+ uptake and the suppression of insulin release produced by diazoxide. Tolbutamide rapidly reversed the hyperpolarisation and restored electrical activity. It is suggested that the stimulation and inhibition of insulin release by tolbutamide and diazoxide are due to their respective ability to decrease and to increase the K permeability of the B cell membrane. This change in K permeability leads either to depolarisation and stimulation of Ca2+ influx or to hyperpolarisation and inhibition of Ca2+ influx. PMID- 7046756 TI - Simultaneous induction of histidine and ornithine decarboxylases and changes in their product amines following the injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide into mice. AB - The injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into mice produced simultaneous induction of histidine and ornithine decarboxylases in the liver, lung, spleen and kidney. The time courses of the changes in activities of the two enzymes were similar in all the tissues. After the injection, both activities increased within 1.5 hr, peaked at 4.5 hr and returned to the basal levels within 15 hr. The induction of these enzymes was very sensitive to this agent, i.e. as little as 1 microgram/kg of the E. coli lipopolysaccharide produced significant increases in these enzyme activities. An increase in the product amines, histamine and putrescine, followed the rise of enzyme activities. The levels of histamine changed more rapidly than those of putrescine. In spite of the increase in putrescine, there was no increase in spermidine and spermine. In the brain and thymus the LPS induced ornithine decarboxylase, but not histidine decarboxylase. In the blood, the histamine level increased without an increase in the activity of histidine decarboxylase. These results are discussed in relation to the actions of lipopolysaccharide. A simple method for the simultaneous assay of the activities of histidine and ornithine decarboxylases without using radioisotope substrates was used in this study. PMID- 7046758 TI - Tiopronin (N-[2-mercaptopropionyl] glycin) in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Two controlled trials have demonstrated that tiopronin, a new sulfhydryl compound, is active as a slow-acting antirheumatic drug in rheumatoid arthritis. One trial compared 10 patients receiving placebos and 20 receiving tiopronin, 1 gm/day; the second compared two groups of 16 patients who received either placebos or tiopronin, 1.5 gm/day. In addition, 80 patients (56 from the 2 trials plus 24 other patients) were followed up for a long period. Dropout rate for intolerance or inefficacy was comparable to that fund with D-penicillamine. Secondary toxic reactions resembled those of other sulfhydryl compounds. PMID- 7046757 TI - A multicenter study of outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus. II. Causes of death. AB - Causes of death were examined for 1,103 systemic lupus erythematosus patients who were followed from 1965 to 1978 at 9 centers that participated in the Lupus Survival Study Group. A total of 222 patients (20%) died. Lupus-related organ system involvement (mainly active nephritis) and infection were the most frequent primary causes of death. Causes of death were similar throughout the followup period. Hemodialysis had little impact on the length of survival for patients with nephritis. Active central nervous system disease and myocardial infarction were infrequent causes of death. There were no deaths from malignancy. PMID- 7046759 TI - Professional burnout among speech-language pathologists. PMID- 7046760 TI - Ratings of professional journals by ASHA members. PMID- 7046761 TI - [Mixed connective tissue disease in pediatrics]. PMID- 7046762 TI - [Death fantasies in a group of uremic children]. PMID- 7046763 TI - [Treatment alternatives in spleen injuries in the newborn infant. Prognostic implications]. PMID- 7046764 TI - [Basal insulinemia, its relation to dyslipoproteinemias and arterial pressure]. AB - A representative random sampling of men aged 30-49 was examined. There was found a statistically significant correlation between basal insulinemia and blood serum levels of total cholesterole, high density lipoprotein cholesterole and triglycerides. No precise data were obtained on the correlation of the fasting basal insulin level in blood, and glycemia as well as insulinemia and glycemia during the glucose tolerance test with the blood pressure level. PMID- 7046765 TI - [Role of the relaxation process in contractile function disturbance in various heart pathologies]. PMID- 7046766 TI - [Use of the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method in detection of anti toxoplasma IgG and IgM]. AB - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been applied for detecting anti toxoplasma serum IgG and IgM. ELISA was carried out with alkaline phosphatase labeled anti-IgG and anti-IgM antibodies. Both conjugates specificity was investigated by sucrose density gradient fractionating of an immunofluorescence positive serum and by ELISA testing of all the fractions for IgG and IgM. A good agreement of ELISA results from 400 sera was found when they were compared with others obtained by several serological methods: direct agglutination, complement fixation, IgG/IgM-IIF. Occasionally false-positive IgM-ELISA and IgM-IIF results were observed, probably due to non specific IgM antibodies. Absorption of sera with whole parasites resulted in a removal of specific IgM, whilst false-positive IgM-ELISA reactions were unaffected. ELISA procedure is simple and rapid to carry out in a large scale and it seems to be for routine purposes an adequate substitute for toxoplasmosis IIF test. The possibility to quantitate ELISA results would give the opportunity to standardize the test not only in one, but even among several laboratories. PMID- 7046767 TI - [Immobilization of antibodies against Australia antigen on nylon spheres: use in immunoenzymatic determination of HBsAg]. AB - Antibodies against HBsAg were immobilized by covalent linkage on nylon beads to be used in solid phase enzyme-linked immunoassays. The covalent bond between the protein and the partially hydrolyzed support was obtained via glutaraldehyde or succinylester methods. These particular solid phases were compared, in a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for hepatitis B antigen, with polystyrene beads coated by simple adsorption of IgG on plastic surface. The analytical response was more satisfactory when the polystyrene beads were used as immunoextractive support even if more IgG molecules could be immobilized on nylon beads. PMID- 7046768 TI - Serum leukocyte migration inhibitory activity and phytohemagglutinin stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in paraproteinemia. A preliminary report. PMID- 7046769 TI - Effect of sera from cancer patients on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte random migration. PMID- 7046770 TI - 1,7-Dimethylguanosine formation in tRNA enzymatic methylation. AB - Data are reported showing that 1,7-dimethylguanosine is formed in tRNA enzymatic methylation and that the kidney extract exhibits a higher activity respect to the liver enzyme extract. In terms of relative percentages the amount of 1,7 dimethylguanosine produced by the kidney enzyme extract was three times higher than that produced by the liver extract. The possible importance of 1,7 dimethylguanosine in connection to chemical cancerogenesis by alkylating agents and to the aberrant increase of tRNA methylases activity in tumor tissues is advanced. PMID- 7046771 TI - Allergy to dental amalgam. PMID- 7046772 TI - Occlusion and restorative dentistry for the general practitioner. Part 7--Cast gold and porcelain posterior restorations. PMID- 7046773 TI - Response of the systemic pulmonary circulation to labetalol at rest and during exercise. AB - 1 Labetalol was administered to 18 hypertensive patients for an average duration of 2.44 weeks, with an average final daily dose of 1.65 g (principally to study its short-term haemodynamic effects). 2 Labetalol decreased resting heart rate by 16% and maximal exercise heart rate by 21%; the phenylephrine-induced increase in systolic brachial arterial pressure was reduced by 36%. 3 During labetalol treatment brachial arterial pressure was decreased by 29/15 mmHg in the recumbent position, by 41/23 mmHg at rest sitting and by 53/23 mmHg at maximal exercise; total peripheral resistance was not significantly affected at rest recumbent but was reduced at sitting and at exercise; cardiac output was decreased in all conditions. 4 Labetalol reduced mean pulmonary arterial and capillary wedge pressures only in the sitting position. Pulmonary vascular resistance remained unchanged. 5 The drug produced significant decreases in plasma renin activity and in plasma aldosterone concentration. PMID- 7046774 TI - The use of labetalol in Japan: results of multicentre clinical trials. AB - 1 The anti-hypertensive effects and safety of labetalol have been evaluated in multicentre clinical trials in Japan based on unified study protocols. The results of three studies are reported. 2 A total of 178 patients with essential hypertension were treated with labetalol for 12 weeks, 127 of them with labetalol alone (monotherapy) and the other 51 with labetalol plus diuretics (combined therapy). 3 Satisfactory antihypertensive effects were achieved in 76 of the 119 assessable patients in the monotherapy group and 25 of the 49 in the combined therapy group. The mean daily doses of labetalol were 329 mg in the monotherapy group and 374 mg in the combined therapy group. Seven patients (six in the monotherapy group; one in the combined therapy group) were withdrawn from the trials due to side-effects. 4 Sixty-one patients with hypertension were treated with labetalol alone or combined with diuretics for 6 months or longer. In most of these patients, good blood pressure control was achieved. No patients had to discontinue the treatment due to side-effects. The mean daily doses of labetalol were stabilised in and after week 8 of the treatment at an average of 260 mg in the monotherapy and 450 mg in the combined therapy. Tolerance to the anti hypertensive effect did not develop. 5 Thirty patients with phaeochromocytoma were treated with labetalol and good blood pressure control was achieved in 21 of them. The effects of labetalol were better in patients with predominantly adrenaline-secreting tumours, and better in patients with sustained hypertensive type than in those with paroxysmal hypertensive type. PMID- 7046775 TI - The lower urinary tract. PMID- 7046776 TI - Captopril treatment: inter-dose variations in renin, angiotensins I and II, aldosterone and blood pressure. AB - 1 The ability of captopril, 150 mg three times daily by mouth, to effect sustained reduction in plasma angiotensin II, with converse increases in circulating angiotensin I, and in active, inactive and total renin concentrations, has been assessed. 2 During prolonged treatment with captopril alone, and 12 h after the last dose of the drug, plasma angiotensin II remained approximately one-sixth of basal concentrations, while angiotensin I and renin concentrations were proportionately increased. However, further increases in angiotensin I, and in active, inactive and total renin concentrations, were seen 2 and 6 h after the morning dose of 150 mg captopril. 3 Inter-dose variations in plasma aldosterone and blood pressure were not closely related to concurrent variations in the renin-angiotensin system. 4 Arguments are presented for relying on measurements of plasma renin and angiotensin concentrations rather than of renin activity or aldosterone in assessing the effectiveness of converting enzyme inhibition. PMID- 7046777 TI - Xipamide and cyclopenthiazide in essential hypertension--comparative effects on blood pressure and plasma potassium. AB - 1 The blood pressure lowering effect of xipamide, a non-thiazide diuretic given for 6 weeks was compared in a randomised cross-over trial with that of cyclopenthiazide in 14 patients with essential hypertension. 2 Xipamide 10 or 20 mg given once daily was as effective in lowering supine blood pressure as daily cyclopenthiazide 0.5 mg. There was no difference in the blood pressure lowering effect of 10 mg xipamide daily for 2 weeks compared to 20 mg daily given for a further 4 weeks. 3 Plasma potassium was reduced by both drugs, but markedly more after both 10 mg and 20 mg xipamide than after cyclopenthiazide 0.5 mg. By the sixth week of treatment 13 of 14 patients on xipamide but only 6 of 14 on cyclopenthiazide has plasma potassium concentrations of, or less than, 3.5 mmol/l. The fall in plasma potassium was significantly greater and the final plasma potassium concentration was significantly lower after either dose of xipamide than after cyclopenthiazide. 4 These results suggest that 10 mg or 20 mg of xipamide daily is effective in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients but is associated with hypokalaemia. In view of recent evidence linking diuretic-induced hypokalaemia with cardiac dysrhythmias in patients with essential hypertension we would suggest that thiazide diuretics be used in preference to xipamide for the routine management of essential hypertension. Our results also suggest that the currently recommended dose of xipamide (20 mg) for the treatment of hypertension is excessive, and lower amounts than 10 mg per day might possibly be as effective in lowering blood pressure with less adverse metabolic consequences. PMID- 7046778 TI - Haemopoietic stem cells in leukaemic AKR mice: the (AKR x C57BL/6)F1 mouse as an in vivo assay system. AB - Characteristics of the AKB6F1 mouse strain make it suitable as an assay animal for quantitating haemopoietic stem cells, or spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S), from leukaemic AKR mice. Marrow cells harvested from leukaemic mice were assayed for CFU-S in lethally irradiated AKR or AKB6F1 hosts. Survival times and numbers of leukaemic colony-forming units (L-CFU) in unirradiated recipients were used to detect proliferation of transplanted leukaemic cells. In contrast to AKR recipients, the proliferation of transplanted leukaemic cells was suppressed in F1 hosts. Injection of marrow cells from normal nonleukaemic AKR mice into AKR and F1 hosts yielded significantly more CFU-S and spleen 59Fe uptake in F1 than in AKR hosts. In marked contrast, injection of marrow from leukaemic AKR mice suppressed CFU-S proliferation in the F1 recipients. Thus it was possible to quantitate CFU-S in marrow containing L-CFU. PMID- 7046780 TI - Are corticosteroids necessary in the treatment of severe acute asthma? PMID- 7046779 TI - Large-bowel carcinomas with different ploidy, related to secretory component, IgA, and CEA in epithelium and plasma. AB - Immunofluorescence staining for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), secretory component (SC), and epithelial IgA was evaluated semiquantitatively in 85 large bowel carcinomas in relation to degree of tumour differentiation, Dukes' stage, and plasma CEA level. The tumours were divided into a near-diploid (ND, 28) and an aneuploid group (AN, 57) by means of flow-cytometric DNA measurements. Expression of SC and IgA in neoplastic epithelium was positively related to differentiation in both groups. The AN tumours scored significantly higher for CEA than the ND ones, but the staining was apparently unrelated to differentiation or Dukes' stage. CEA expression in the transitional mucosa adjacent to ND tumours was negatively correlated with tumour differentiation, whereas epithelial IgA and SC in this zone showed a substantially higher positive correlation with tumour differentiation, and a somewhat stronger negative correlation with Dukes' stage in the ND than in the AN group. Plasma CEA levels were significantly related to Dukes' stage, only in patients with AN tumours, and only in this group were positively correlated with estimates of total tumour CEA for Dukes' stages A and B. For Dukes' stages C and D (disseminated tumours), moreover, the plasma CEA levels were found to be significantly higher in the AN group. These findings indicate that the DNA profile of large-bowel carcinomas is related both to the way neoplastic cells influence the activity of the transitional mucosa and their capacity for expression and release of epithelial products. AN tumours thus seem to be more active as "secretors" of CEA than ND ones. PMID- 7046781 TI - Do oral and inhaled terbutaline have different effects on the lung? AB - The effect of inhaled or oral terbutaline on the subsequent response to inhaled terbutaline was studied using a double-blind cross-over technique in 12 asthmatic patients. 12 indices of respiratory function were obtained from the maximal flow volume loop and a single-breath inert gas technique. These were used to evaluate the effect and to attempt to distinguish the site of action of the drug. Although the initial dose of inhaled terbutaline had a greater immediate effect than its oral counterpart there were no significant differences in the response to subsequently inhaled terbutaline. These findings do not support recent suggestions that oral administration has a greater effect on distal airways or promotes the effects of inhaled bronchodilators. PMID- 7046782 TI - A comparison of sustained-release terbutaline and ordinary terbutaline in bronchial asthma. AB - The effects and side effects in steady state of a sustained-release preparation of terbutaline 7.5 mg twice daily were compared with ordinary tablets 5 mg three times daily. The study performed for two weeks was double-blind, double-dummy, cross-over with randomized allocation of the drugs. 20 patients completed the trial and the results show higher mean morning PEFR values and a tendency to milder side effects with depot tablets. PMID- 7046783 TI - Cervical suture in Scotland: strengths and weaknesses in the use of routine clinical summaries. AB - National routinely collected hospital data for 12 months from June 1976 were used to provide information on patients with cervical suture during pregnancy. The past obstetric history and outcome of the pregnancy after suture was contrasted with the experience of all pregnant women during the same year. The nature of the data did not allow adequate examination of any change in the rate of fetal wastage, before and after suture; or in the secular change in fetal wastage in the pregnant population. After cervical suture the rates of both premature delivery and of perinatal mortality were higher than in the general pregnancy population. The perinatal mortality rate in the cervical suture group showed a greater improvement after suture than was seen to occur between previous and current pregnancies in the whole population, although the excess improvement in pregnancy outcome that occurred after cervical suture could not be definitely ascribed to the suture. PMID- 7046784 TI - Effect of single-dose prophylactic co-trimoxazole on the incidence of gynaecological postoperative urinary tract infection. AB - One hundred patients having abdominal hysterectomy for benign conditions were randomized into two groups; 50 received co-trimoxazole by intramuscular injection immediately before operation and a control group of 50 were given no antibacterial cover. Single-dose chemoprophylaxis with co-trimoxazole was effective in reducing the incidence of postoperative urinary tract infection from 35% in the control group to 4% in the treated group. PMID- 7046785 TI - Thermodynamics and kinetics of single residue replacements in avian ovomucoid third domains: effect on inhibitor interactions with serine proteinases. AB - Sequence determinations in our laboratory have yielded the primary structures of ovomucoid third domains from 35 avian species. From that list, 12 sequences could be arranged into a contiguous set such that each sequence differs from a second by a single amino acid replacement. For this set of domains and for five additional domains of special interest, we report here the association equilibrium constants for their binding with bovine alpha-chymotrypsin, elastase I, and subtilisin Carlsberg. The results are interpreted with the aid of the three-dimensional structure of highly homologous Japanese quail ovomucoid third domain and of computer-generated models of the complexes of the inhibitor with the respective enzymes. The results show that (i) changes in inhibitor residues other than the primary recognition residue (P1) even sequentially far from the reactive site, may exert large effects on association equilibrium constant values provided these residues make contact with the enzyme, (ii) changes in residues other than P1 often exert large differential effects toward the different enzymes, i.e., the same change can make the inhibitor stronger for one enzyme and weaker for another, (iii) the sign and to some extent the magnitude of the changes can be rationalized from the known structures of the inhibitor and the enzyme, (iv) changes in surface residues which do not contact the enzyme in complex are virtually without effect, and (v) glycosylated and nonglycosylated inhibitors have the same constants. For confirmation of the validity of the equilibrium constant comparisons in a few cases, the rate constants kon and kd were determined and the resultant calculated equilibrium constant values compared to the directly determined numbers. An additional test of validity is provided by experiments where a glycosylated domain of one species is allowed to compete with an unglycosylated domain of another for the same enzyme. PMID- 7046786 TI - Kinetics of acyl transfer ribonucleic acid complexes of Escherichia coli phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. A conformational change is rate limiting in catalysis. AB - Kinetics of complex formation between phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase and Phe tRNAPhe have been measured by the stopped-flow technique. Either the protein intrinsic fluorescence or the fluorescence of the added indicator 6-(p toluidinyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonate was observed. Identical results were obtained with each method. Acyl-tRNAs with variable structures of the acyl and tRNA moieties were examined. Kinetics were measured as a function of pH and at different ionic strengths. Kinetic constants were compared with those of enzymatic phenylalanylation of tRNAPhe. The results are as follows. (1) Phe tRNAPhe binds to phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase in two, mutually exclusive types of complexes, one at the tRNA-specific binding site of the enzyme and the other in a region which involves the Phe-specific binding site of the enzyme [Holler, E. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 1397-1402]. The Phe site directed association includes a conformational change of the complex that is rate limiting. (2) The conformational change and catalytic tRNA aminoacylation follow similar values of rate constants irrespectively of pH and ionic strength. It is concluded that aminoacylation is limited by the kinetics of a conformational change of the nascent enzyme-Phe-tRNAPhe complex. (3) The nature of Phe site directed binding was probed by variation of the structure of Phe-tRNAPhe. Both the acyl and the tRNA moieties are recognized by the enzyme. Of the acyl moiety, only the phenyl ring but not the amino group is essential for binding. The amino group can be acetylated or replaced by a hydroxyl group. Protonation of the amino group results in loss of Phe site directed binding. It gives a pKa = 6.9, which is close to that for protonation of a phenylalanine ester. (4) Rate constants were only slightly affected by addition of 200 mM NaCl at pH 7.5, indicating that the contribution by electrostatic forces was probably minimal. Mg2+ ions were essential for Phe site directed binding. Complexation of enzyme, Phe-tRNAPhe, and Mg2+ either was random or was at preequilibrium with the conformational change. (5) Binding of Phe-tRNAPhe at the tRNA-specific site of the enzyme was studied in the presence of in situ synthesized phenylalanyl adenylate. The reaction was bimolecular with rate constants of 50 microM-1 s-1 and 15 s-1 for association and dissociation, respectively. PMID- 7046787 TI - Catalytic mechanism of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli K10. Conformational change and tRNAPhe phenylalanylation are concerted. AB - Catalytic phenylalanylation of tRNAPhe and the reverse reaction, AMP-dependent deacylation of Phe-tRNAPhe, have been measured by steady-state and pre-steady state techniques, including rapid sampling and fluorescence stopped-flow methods. (1) Stoichiometry of adenylate synthesis under steady-state phenylalanylation of tRNAPhe indicates half-of-the-sites reactivity. (2) Identity of values of rate constants under pre-steady- and steady-state conditions demonstrates that the rate-limiting steps in catalysis are bond making for phenylalanylation and bond breaking for AMP-dependent deacylation, respectively. (3) Values of catalytic rate constants are the same as those for the conformational change of the Phe site directed enzyme-Phe-tRNAPhe complex [Baltzinger, M., & Holler, E. (1982) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. (4) A model is developed that accounts for the observed concert of chemical and geometrical reactions as well as for experimental evidence that nascent Phe-tRNAPhe may not be the same as in solution. In this model, nascent Phe-tRNAPhe is thought to be the tetrahedral intermediate that is formed by nucleophilic attack of the adenylate by the tRNA. It awaits the conformational change in order to break down into Phe-tRNAPhe and AMP. The model can serve as a unifying basis for an interpretation of discrimination against noncognate amino acids and tRNAs and also gives an explanation why severe product inhibition is not observed [Guntner, C., & Holler, E. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 2028-2038]. PMID- 7046788 TI - Catalytic properties of serine proteases. 2. Comparison between human urinary kallikrein and human urokinase, bovine beta-trypsin, bovine thrombin, and bovine alpha-chymotrypsin. AB - The catalytic properties of several serine proteases acting on cationic substrates (bovine of beta-trypsin, bovine thrombin, human urinary kallikrein, and human urokinase) and noncationic substrates (bovine alpha-chymotrypsin) have been compared in steady-state and pre-steady-state experiments by using ester and anilide synthetic substrates. Arginine and lysine derivatives are equally good substrates for b. beta-trypsin; b. thrombin and h.u. kallikrein prefer substrates containing arginine side chains; h. urokinase prefers substrate containing lysine. The preference of the various enzymes for the guanidinium or ammonium group in reflected by the different promotor effect that acetamidine or ethylamine has on the catalyzed hydrolysis of neutral substrates. Pre-steady state data, analyzed in the framework of the three-step model, show that for b. beta-trypsin, b. thrombin, h.u. kallikrein, and h. urokinase the acylation step (k2) is rate limiting above pH 6 and the deacylation step (k3) below pH 4 in the hydrolysis of ZLysONp and of ZAlaONp in the presence of acetamidine or ethylamine. In the catalyzed hydrolysis of ZAlaONp, in the absence of acetamidine or ethylamine, the acylation step (k2) is rate limiting all over the pH range from 3 to 8. The change in the rate-limiting step with pH is always absent, for the same substrates, in the b. alpha-chymotrypsin catalysis. The results of kinetic and spectral measurements indicate that b. beta-trypsin, b. thrombin, h.u. kallikrein, and h. urokinase, but not b. alpha-chymotrypsin, contain a similarly located ionizable group with a pKa of 4.50 +/- 0.1, in the free enzyme, the ionization of which affects the binding of cationic substrates and ligands, the spectral properties of the pancreas, and the rate of the acylation step in catalysis. PMID- 7046789 TI - Oligothymidylate analogues having stereoregular, alternating methylphosphonate/phosphodiester backbones as primers for DNA polymerase. AB - Oligothymidylate analogues having stereoregular, alternating methylphosphonate/phosphodiester backbones, d-Tp(TpTp)4T isomers I and II and d Tp(TpTp)3T(pT)1-5 isomers I and II, were prepared by methods analogous to the phosphotriester synthetic technique. The designations isomer I nd isomer II refer to the configuration of the methylphosphonate linkage, which is the same through each isomer. Analogues with the type I methylphosphonate configuration form very stable duplexes with poly(dA) while those with the type II configuration form either 2T:1A triplexes or 1T:1A duplexes with poly(dA) of considerably lower stabilities. The oligothymidylate analogues were tested for their ability to initiate polymerizations catalyzed by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I or calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha on a poly(dA) template. Neither d-Tp(TpTp)4T nor d Tp(T]Tp)3TpT served as initiators of polymerization while d-Tp(TpTp)3T(pT)2-5 showed increasing priming ability as the length of the 3'-oligothymidylate tail increased. Analogues with type I methylphosphonate configuration were more effective initiators than the type II analogues at 37 degrees C. The apparent activation energies of polymerizations initiated by d-Tp(TpTp)3T-(pT)4 and 5 isomer I were greater than those for reactions initiated by isomer II or d (Tp)11T. The results suggest that DNA polymerase interacts with the charged phosphodiester groups of the primer molecule and may help stabilize primer/template interaction. At least two contiguous phosphodiester groups are required at the 3' end of the analogue primers in order for polymerization to occur. Interactions between the polymerase and primer also appear to occur with phosphodiester groups located at sites remote from the 3'-OH polymerization site and may be influenced by the configuration of the methylphosphonate group. PMID- 7046790 TI - Guanidine hydrochloride induced unfolding of the alpha subunit of tryptophan synthase and of the two alpha proteolytic fragments: evidence for stepwise unfolding of the two alpha domains. AB - The relationship between the domain structure of the alpha subunit of Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase and the mechanism of unfolding of the alpha subunit is investigated. Previous studies of the unfolding of the alpha subunit by increasing concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride or urea detected a partially unfolded form of the alpha subunit at intermediate concentrations of either denaturant. The possibility that this partially unfolded form of the alpha subunit results from the preferential unfolding of one of the two domains of the alpha subunit is now investigated. This study utilizes two proteolytic fragments of the alpha subunit, alpha-1 and alpha-2, which have been shown to refold independently and to correspond to two domains of the alpha subunit. The effects of guanidine hydrochloride concentration on the separate alpha-1 and alpha-2 fragments, on the intact alpha subunit, and on the derivative nicked by trypsin (alpha') are compared by measuring ellipticity at 222 nm and by measuring the susceptibility of tyrosyl residues to chemical modification. The results show that guanidine hydrochloride induced unfolding of the alpha subunit results from the stepwise unfolding of the two domains: the alpha-2 fragment and the corresponding domain in the intact alpha subunit are unfolded by low concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride; the alpha-1 fragment and the corresponding domain in the intact alpha subunit are unfolded by higher concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride. PMID- 7046791 TI - Role of arginine in the binding of thiamin pyrophosphate to Escherichia coli pyruvate oxidase. AB - The mode of interaction between Escherichia coli pyruvate oxidase and its cofactor, thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), was studied with the aid of arginine directed reagents. The enzyme is rapidly inactivated by either phenylglyoxal or 2,3-butanedione, with the cofactor, TPP, offering partial protection against these reagents. The inactivation by phenylglyoxal was found to be reversible. Experiments with [7-14C]phenylglyoxal showed that while several arginine residues react with this reagent, TPP can prevent the labeling of one such residue. Furthermore, inactivation by 2,3-butanedione is attended by at least a 100-fold decrease in affinity of the enzyme for TPP. These results suggest a direct role for arginine in the binding of the cofactor. PMID- 7046792 TI - Neutron scattering data on reconstituted complexes of fd deoxyribonucleic acid and gene 5 protein show that the deoxyribonucleic acid is near the center. AB - We have performed low-angle neutron scattering studies on reconstituted complexes of fd DNA and the gene 5 protein that is produced during infection of Escherichia coli by filamentous fd phage. Essentially identical helical complexes have been made with normal protonated DNA or DNA in which at least 87% of the nonexchangeable protons are replaced by deuterium. From neutron scattering profiles of both complexes over a range of D2O/H2O solvent mixtures, the DNA deuteration is shown to have a dramatic influence on the measured cross-sectional radius of gyration. Most importantly, data for the complex containing deuterated DNA lead to a more negative slope in a plot of the square of the cross-sectional radius of gyration vs. the inverse of the solute-solvent contrast, compared with the slope of a plot of data for the complex containing protonated DNA. This means that, in a cross-sectional view of the complex, the DNA is near the center of the structure. By our analysis, the DNA has a cross-sectional radius of gyration of 17.6 +/- 3 A, while the protein has a cross-sectional radius of gyration of about 33.5 A. Therefore, the model for the structure of the helical complex that has been proposed from X-ray diffraction studies on gene 5 protein crystallized with oligodeoxynucleotides [McPherson, A., Jurnak, F., Wang, A., Kolpak, F., Rich, A., Molineux, I., & Fitzgerald, P. (1980) Biophys. J. 32, 155-170] is not valid for the complex in solution. From our neutron diffraction data we have also obtained values for the solvent-excluded volume and mass per unit length. The relation of our findings to the solution structure of the complex is discussed. PMID- 7046793 TI - In vitro synthesis of the membrane-bound D-lactate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. AB - Synthesis of the membrane-bound, flavin-linked D-lactate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli has been studied by using a recombinant plasmid containing the dld gene [Young, I. G., Jaworowski, A., & Poulis, M. (1982) Biochemistry (following paper in this issue)]. Expression of the cloned dld gene was achieved either in vivo with transformed minicells or in vitro with a fractionated transcription/translation system. In both instances, a product is observed that is specifically immunoprecipitated by gamma-globulin prepared against the purified enzyme and comigrates with authentic D-lactate dehydrogenase on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the product is catalytically active and binds to membrane vesicles during or after synthesis. Thus, it seems likely that the protein is synthesized in mature form and binds to the membrane without a leader peptide sequence. Interestingly, addition of flavin adenine dinucleotide to the in vitro reaction mixtures causes a 2-fold increase in the synthesis of the enzyme, suggesting that the cofactor plays a regulatory role in the synthesis of the apoprotein. Finally, L factor, a protein involved in regulation of protein elongation, has an inhibitory effect on the expression of the dld gene and a stimulatory effect on the expression of the ndh gene (encoding NADH dehydrogenase). PMID- 7046794 TI - Cloning of the gene for the respiratory D-lactate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. AB - During attempts to clone the gene coding for the respiratory NADH dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli, two hybrid plasmids were constructed from E. coli chromosomal DNA [Young, I. G., Jaworowski, A., & Poulis, M. I. (1978) Gene 4, 25 36]. One of these plasmids, pIY1, derived from EcoRI-digested chromosomal DNA, was studied in detail and shown to possess the gene coding for the NADH dehydrogenase of the aerobic respiratory chain of E. coli. We now report the characterization of the other hybrid plasmid, pIY2, derived from HindIII-digested chromosomal DNA, and shown that it complements ndh mutants not by virtue of carrying the ndh gene but because it carries the gene coding for the respiratory D-lactate dehydrogenase. Cells carrying this hybrid plasmid overproduce the respiratory D-lactate dehydrogenase in their cell membranes by 15-20-fold with negligible activity appearing in the cytoplasm. This results in an amplification of the levels of the D-lactate oxidase. The amplified D-lactate oxidase activity, coupled with the pyridine nucleotide linked D-lactate dehydrogenase, apparently provides a new pathway for the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in the cell, independent of the respiratory NADH oxidase. PMID- 7046795 TI - Chemical modification analysis of ion-dependent changes in the solution structure of yeast phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid. PMID- 7046796 TI - Resonance-enhanced Raman identification of a ternary chemical intermediate during the equine liver alcohol dehydrogenase reduction of p (dimethylamino)benzaldehyde. AB - The nature of the binding of aromatic aldehyde and aromatic alcohol substrates to the catalytic zinc of equine liver alcohol dehydrogenase has been studied by using resonance-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. When an excess of both enzyme and coenzyme to substrate is used, a stable ternary chemical intermediate is formed between liver alcohol dehydrogenase and the reduced coenzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and the aldehyde, p-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde, in the pH range 8.5-0.6. Resonance-enhanced Raman spectra clearly show that this same intermediate is formed between the excess enzyme, oxidized coenzyme, and the corresponding alcohol, p-(dimethylamino)benzyl alcohol. Thus, in the presence of excess enzyme and coenzyme, this specific ternary complex is a stable intermediate for both forward and reverse reactions. As a model for this enzyme substrate intermediate, a complex between the aldehyde and Zn2+ in diethyl ether was made which showed a resonance-enhanced Raman spectrum essentially identical with that of the enzyme-coenzyme-substrate intermediate and completely different from that of the substrate. Most striking in this spectrum is the total absence of the carbonyl vibration which indicates that the C = O no longer exists in either the enzyme-substrate-coenzyme intermediate or the model complex, most probably due to the presence of a zinc-oxygen bond. The assignments are aided by 18O isotopic substitution in the substrate. The Raman spectra of crystals of the ternary complex and the dynamics of the complex are also discussed. PMID- 7046797 TI - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ligand binding dynamics of the Escherichia coli L-arabinose binding protein. AB - The L-arabinose binding protein (ABP) from Escherichia coli was studied by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). Distinct spectral changes occur when ABP binds its natural ligand, L-arabinose, which involve resonances in the aromatic ring current shifted methyl, bulk methyl, methylene, aromatic, and amide proton regions of the spectra. Several amide resonances can be "protected" from deuterium exchange if L-arabinose is bound to ABP prior to deuterium oxide dialysis. On the basis of the pH dependence of their chemical shifts, two low field resonances have been tentatively assigned to C2 protons of two of the three histidines present in ABP. These histidyl residues have pK values of 8.0 and 8.6 which support their involvement in ionic interactions observed earlier in the crystallographic analysis. One histidyl residue shows a small chemical shift change upon the addition of arabinose. When ABP binds D-galactose, changes in the spectra occur which are different than those observed when L-arabinose is bound. Binding of L-arabinose and D-galactose to the binding protein (ABP) was considered by equilibrium binding and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. ABP binds L-arabinose and D-galactose with high affinities (Kd's at 6 degrees C of 1.3 x 10(-7) and 1.9 x 10(-7) M, respectively), and both enthalpy and entropy contribute to the ABP-ligand association. When excited at 285 nm, ABP has a fluorescence emission maximum of 340 nm which is quenched and blue shifted (to 337 nm) upon binding L-arabinose. ABP binding D-galactose produced a similar emission shift but no fluorescence quenching. PMID- 7046798 TI - Transient kinetics of transfer ribonucleic acid binding to the ribosomal A and P sites: observation of a common intermediate complex. PMID- 7046799 TI - Evidence of bilayer structure and of membrane interactions from X-ray diffraction analysis. PMID- 7046800 TI - Carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins. A re-evaluation of their function. PMID- 7046801 TI - Bacillus Calmette-Guerin as an anti-tumor agent. The interaction with cells of the mammalian immune system. PMID- 7046802 TI - Inhibition of anion transport in the red blood cell by anionic amphiphilic compounds. I. Determination of the flufenamate-binding site by proteolytic dissection of the band 3 protein. AB - Flufenamate, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is a powerful inhibitor of anion transport in the human erythrocyte (I50 = 6 . 10(-7) M). The concentration dependence of the binding to ghosts reveals two saturable components. [14C]Flufenamate binds with high affinity (Kd1 = 1.2 . 10(-7) M) to 8.5 . 10(5) sites per cell (the same value as the number of band 3 protein per cell); it also binds, with lower affinity (Kd2 = 10(-4) M) to a second set of sites (4.6 . 10(7) per cell). Pretreatment of cells with 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2' disulfonic acid (SITS), a specific inhibitor of anion transport, prevents [14C]flufenamate binding only to high affinity sites. These results suggest that high affinity sites are located on the band 3 protein involved in anion transport. Extracellular chymotrypsin and pronase at low concentration cleave the 95 kDa band 3 into 60 kDa and 35 kDa fragments without affecting either anion transport of [14C]flufenamate binding. Splitting by trypsin at the inner membrane surface of the 60 kDa chymotryptic fragment into 17 kDa transmembrane fragment and 40 kDa water-soluble fragment does not affect [14C]flufenamate binding. In contrast degradation at the outer membrane surface of the 35 kDa fragment by high concentration of pronase or papain decreases both anion transport capacity and number of high affinity binding sites for [14C]flufenamate. Thus it appears that 35 kDa peptide is necessary is necessary for both anion transport and binding of the inhibitors and that the binding site is located in the membrane-associated domain of the band 3 protein. PMID- 7046803 TI - Biotin transport by a biotin-deficient strain of Escherichia coli. AB - Biotin uptake has been investigated using an Escherichia coli biotin requiring auxotroph grown under biotin-deficient conditions. This strain accumulated biotin in the free and bound form. In agreement with a previous report by O. Prakash and M.A. Eisenberg (J. Bacteriol. 120 (1974) 785-791), the biotin entry proved to be an active process which depended on an energy source and was inhibited in the presence of uncouplers. The kinetic parameters have been determined (KM = 0.05 microM, Vmax = 7 pmol/min per mg dry weight). The pool of free biotin could be readily exchanged with external biotin and decreased to a very low level in the absence of an energy source. The use of several biotin analogues revealed that this transport system was quite specific for biotin: slight modifications, for instance in the valeric chain, lowered drastically the affinity for the carrier. PMID- 7046804 TI - Purification and characterization of an acidic trypsin/subtilisin inhibitor from tortoise egg white. AB - Egg whites of three species of tortoise and turtle have been compared by gel chromatography for inhibitory activity against proteases. The egg white of Geomyda trijuga trijuga Schariggar contains trypsin/subtilisin inhibitor while the egg white of Caretta caretta Linn. contains both trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors. No protease inhibitory activity has been detected in the egg white of Trionyx gangeticus Cuvier. An acidic trypsin/subtilisin inhibitor has been purified to homogeneity from the egg white of tortoise (G. trijuga trijuga). It is a single polypeptide chain of 100 amino acid residues, having a molecular weight of 11,700. It contains six disulphide bonds and is devoid of methionine and carbohydrate moiety. Its isoelectric point is at pH 5.95 and is stable at 100 degrees C for 4 hr at neutral pH. The inhibitor inhibits both trypsin and subtilisin by forming enzyme-inhibitor complexes at a molar ratio close to unity. Their dissociation constants are 7.2 x 10(-9) M for bovine trypsin and 5.5 x 10( 7) M for subtilisin. Chemical modification of amino groups with trinitrobenzene sulfonate has reduced its inhibitory activities against both trypsin and subtilisin, but the loss of its trypsin inhibitory activity is faster than that of its subtilisin inhibitory activity. It has independent binding sites for inhibition of trypsin and subtilisin. PMID- 7046805 TI - Use of liposomes to aid intestinal absorption of entrapped insulin in normal and diabetic dogs. PMID- 7046806 TI - An alkaline proteinase which has inflammatory activity isolated from guinea pig lymphoid cells. AB - A phosphate buffer extract of regional lymph node cells (more than 90% lymphocytes) of guinea pigs immunized with bovine immunoglobulin G contained acid and alkaline proteinase activities. The immunized cells contained approximately twice as much proteinase activities than the normal cells. The alkaline proteinase was purified and two forms could be separated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that one form labeled with [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate was localized at Mr 28,000 in a single peak in the presence and absence of reducing agent. The enzyme was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate, p-chloromercuribenzoate, N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetic acid, and was also partially inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. It was relatively heat-stable. Intradermal injection of the purified form into normal guinea pigs induced a mixed neutrophil-mononuclear infiltrate. The immune reaction was reduced in intensity with the diisopropylfluorophosphate inhibited enzyme. These findings suggest that the proteinase probably participates in the inflammatory response of cellular hypersensitivity. PMID- 7046807 TI - Properties of the insulin receptor of rat pancreatic islet. AB - Rat pancreatic islets have been shown to possess specific binding sites for 125I labeled insulin. Enzymatic and chemical modification of islets are used to reveal important structures and chemical groups for insulin binding. pretreatment with trypsin, neuraminidase, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino)carbodiimide (a carboxyl reagent), tetranitromethane (a tyrosyl and thiol reagent), and 1,3-difluoro-4,6 dinitrobenzene (modification of protein functional groups) decreased binding of insulin. This was due to the diminuation of the receptor number; in the case of trypsin-pretreatment also the receptor affinity was decreased. Inhibition of insulin binding was in each case associated with a decrease of the inhibitory effect of exogenous insulin on glucose-induced insulin secretion (not measured in the case of difluorodinitrobenzene and tetranitromethane). Phospholipase A2, (cleavage of phospholipids) did not affect these parameters. 5,5'-dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoic acid) (Ellman's reagent) and possibly p-chloromercuribenzoate (both thiol reagents) increased the number of receptors and decreased receptor affinity, but did not influence the inhibitory effect of insulin on insulin release. It is concluded that protein functional groups, sialic acid, carboxyl and tyrosyl groups, but no phospholipids and probably not sulfhydryl groups are important for the interaction of insulin with insulin receptors of rat pancreatic islets. PMID- 7046808 TI - Enzymatic reduction of 11-cis-retinal bound to cellular retinal-binding protein. PMID- 7046809 TI - [Effect of insulin on the binding centers for beta-adrenergic antagonists in liver plasma membranes]. PMID- 7046810 TI - [Molecular aspects of biosynthesis of calcitonin and its precursors]. PMID- 7046811 TI - An immunoradiometric quantitative assay of Escherichia coli recA protein. AB - A two-site immunoradiometric assay of Escherichia coli recA protein is described ; its sensitivity allows the detection of 0.1 ng of recA protein ; it yields a linear response for amounts of recA protein in the 0.1-7 ng range. It can be directly applied to extracts of Escherichia coli obtained by sonication. Salmonella typhimurium extracts contain some cross-reacting material which share common antigenic determinants with Escherichia coli recA protein but differ from it. PMID- 7046812 TI - A study of physician attitude on biofeedback. AB - A study of physician attitudes on biofeedback was conducted among members of the Harris County Medical Society, Harris County, Texas. The sample was drawn to match the proportionate representation in the society by speciality. Findings indicated that over 62% of the respondents had little knowledge of biofeedback, over 86% did not use biofeedback in their practice, 21.7% referred patients for biofeedback, and 47.1% were undecided whether insurance coverage should be provided. For specific disorders, adjunct treatment was the most recommended category for migraine and muscle contraction headaches, relaxation training for anxiety and tension, pain management, and essential hypertension. Responses were also analyzed by speciality category. PMID- 7046813 TI - [Purification and partial characterization of protease B from germinating vetch seeds]. AB - The sulfhydryl protease B was isolated from the cotyledons of 8-day old vetch seedlings and purified 1580-fold with a 38% recovery. The preparation obtained proved to be homogeneous by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme as shown by Na-DS gel electrophoresis is 38 000. Protease B hydrolyzes the peptide bonds involving the carboxyl groups of asparagine in insulin chains A and B. Since protease B fails to attack the native reserve proteins the high molecular weight products of the initial hydrolysis of reserve proteins by the earlier discovered protease A seem to be the most probable substrates of protease B. A considerable part of these substrates is split by protease B to form large peptides. The role of protease B in reserve proteins degradation is discussed. PMID- 7046814 TI - [Stability of hydrogenase from the purple sulfur bacteria Thiocapsa roseopersicina]. AB - The hydrogenase from T. roseopersicina is highly resistant to the effects of urea (8 M), Me2SO (20%) and DS-Na (1%), while inactivation of the hydrogenase from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata occurs in the presence of 0.1% DS-Na. The higher the purification level of T. roseopersicina hydrogenase preparation, the higher stability it possesses (T 1/2 = 60 days, 24 degrees). The hydrogenase inactivation at 80 degrees under anaerobic conditions occurs in one stage according to the equation of first-order-reaction (k1i = 7.10(-5) sec-1), while under aerobic conditions it has two stages with a decrease in the rate of this process in the second stage (k2i = 1.8 . 10(-6) sec-1). Glycerol and NaCl do not stabilize the T. roseopersicina hydrogenase. The rate of thermal inactivation of the hydrogenase bound to the membranes, DEAE-cellulose or phenylsepharose is higher than that of the soluble enzyme. The considerable decrease of the thermal stability of the enzyme is caused by the thiol reagents: they cause irreversible denaturation of the enzyme. The hydrogenase partly inactivated under aerobic conditions is reactivated in the presence of Na2S2O4. The data obtained indicate the important role of disulphide bonds in stabilization of T. roseopersicina hydrogenase. PMID- 7046815 TI - [Structure of the active center of subtilisin 72]. AB - The inhibition by N-benzoyl-L-arginine of subtilisin-catalyzed hydrolysis of various substrates was investigated. Study of combined hydrolysis of these substrates revealed the existence of two productive binding sites in the subtilisin 72 molecule. The type of substrate adsorption depends on the nature of the acyl moiety of the molecule and on the nature of the split-off group. The N acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester and N-benzoyl-L-citrulline methyl ester are bound at the same adsorption site (A), while N-cinnamoyl imidazole and N-acetyl-L valine methyl ester are found at another adsorption site (B); N-benzoyl-L-alanine methyl ester can be adsorbed both at site A and at site B. However, substitution of the split-off group in the substrates previously adsorbed at site B by the p nitrophenyl group causes their transfer to site A. PMID- 7046816 TI - [55 years of Soviet biochemistry]. PMID- 7046817 TI - The contributions of Jerome Cornfield to the theory of statistics. AB - This paper is a review of the contributions of Jerome Cornfield to the theory of statistics. It discusses several highlights of his theoretical work as well as describing his philosophy relating theory to application. The three areas discussed are: linear programming, urn sampling and its generalizations to the analysis of variance, and Bayesian inference. It is not widely known that Jerome Cornfield was perhaps the first to formulate and approximately solve the linear programming problem in 1941. His formulation was made for the famous "Diet Problem". An early publication introduced the method of indicator random variables in the context of urn sampling. This simple method allowed straightforward calculations of the low order moments for estimates arising from sampling finite populations and was later generalized to the two-way analysis of variance. The application of the urn sampling model to the analysis of variance served to illuminate how one chooses proper error terms for making tests in the analysis of variance table. Jerome Cornfield's philosophy on applications of statistics was dominated by a Bayesian outlook. His theoretical contributions in the past two decades were mainly concerned with the development of Bayesian ideas and methods. A brief survey is made of his main contributions to this area. A particularly noteworthy result was his demonstration that for the two-sample slippage problem of location, the likelihood function under a permutation setting is uninformative for the slippage parameter. However, the posterior distribution differs from the prior distribution despite the fact that the likelihood is uninformative. PMID- 7046818 TI - The assessment of low-dose carcinogenicity. AB - The assessment of carcinogenic risk from very low doses of substances to which the population is exposed depends mainly on animal experiments. A variety of statistical models has been proposed for extrapolation to low doses from the much higher doses administered to animals. The most conservative approach uses a multistage model, and is almost equivalent to linear extrapolation. Cornfield has argued against a conservative approach, but linear extrapolation may also be close to the 'best' solution. Species conversion and specification of allowable risks are very difficult problems, and some form of cost-benefit analysis seems to be required. PMID- 7046819 TI - Current research in statistical methodology for clinical trials. AB - Statistical Methodology for Clinical Trials has advanced primarily in those domains opened up by the advent of high speed computation. Data acquisition, data management, and data monitoring have been revolutionized, and statistical analysis in clinical trials has advanced from simple cross tabulation and lists of averages to the use of special regression and other methods for estimation and for covariance adjustment. Research on sequential designs has had little effect on practice, largely because the usual sequential methods fail to address the key problems posed by ethical constraints, but a related development of research on "stopping rules" seems promising. Although considerable attention has been given to the problems of multiplicity--analysis of subgroups, choice of endpoints, post randomization exclusions--little progress in this area has been made as yet. The paper explores these issues in some detail with the aid of illustrative examples. PMID- 7046820 TI - Some aspects of cancer epidemiology. AB - Epidemiolgic studies have strongly suggested that a vast majority (80-90%) of cancers are caused by radiation, chemical and biologic agents; the remainder result from endogenous or genetic factors. Biologically, cancer is most probably the end result of a complex multistage process and therefore may be due to a sequence of exposures to different agents at each of these stages. This emphasizes the need to stress the study of interactions in epidemiologic studies to a greater extent than has been done thus far. Examples of the importance of interactions in several types of cancer are presented. PMID- 7046821 TI - Jerome Cornfield and statistical applications to laboratory research: a personal reminiscence. PMID- 7046822 TI - Jerome Cornfield's contributions to the conduct of clinical trials. AB - Jerome Cornfield's important contributions to the conduct of clinical trials are summarized here. They include consultative advice in the planning of many national trials, active collaboration in the conduct of many others, discussions of the role of classical and Bayesian methods of statistical inference in clinical trials, recommendations on data monitoring, contributions to the analysis of results of the University Group Diabetes Project, and efforts to assist the planning of coronary intervention trials with quantitative assessments of possible reductions in disease rates due to intervention on smoking and diet. An attempt is made to evaluate the impact of Cornfield's contributions to clinical trials. PMID- 7046823 TI - Jerome Cornfield's contributions to epidemiology. AB - This paper reviews the contributions Jerome Cornfield made to epidemiologic methodology. Section 2 discusses his development of the odds ratio obtained in a case-control study as an estimate of the relative risk of the disease under study. Section 3 presents Cornfield's introduction of the multiple logistic risk function as a smoothing function for data classified in a multi-way contingency table in order to determine the joint effects of several risk factors on the incidence of a disease. Section 4 gives a brief description of his work in the analysis of contingency tables. In Section 5, there is a summary of his views on a number of issues relating to the research, mostly case-control studies, on the relationship between smoking and lung cancer. The discussion in this section is selective and undoubtedly does not reflect all the important things he had to say on the subject. Finally, in Section 6, there is a discussion, based on only one of his papers on the subject, of some very significant thoughts on intervention studies in coronary disease. PMID- 7046824 TI - Jerome Cornfield's publications: contributions to the literature as they appeared from 1941 through 1980. PMID- 7046825 TI - Diet and coronary heart disease. AB - This paper reviews key aspects of the relationship of diet to coronary heart disease, as demonstrated in epidemiologic and other research over the last 25 or more years. It summarizes the extensive findings that have demonstrated an etiologically significant association among dietary lipid, serum cholesterol, and coronary heart disease; between caloric imbalance and two of the major CHD risk factors, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia; on the relationship between habitual diet high in sodium and hypertension. It also reviews the data on the relationship of habitual dietary lipid intake of individuals within a population to the serum cholesterol and CHD risk of individuals, indicating that valid positive findings in this area are consistent with evidence from cross-population epidemiologic studies, controlled experiments on diet change in man, and findings from animal research. It delineates the controlled experiments on diet change in man, and findings from animal research. It delineates the methodological problems that have stood in the way of the sound elucidation of this matter, and of the similar ones making it difficult to fully resolve the issue of the relationship of habitual dietary sodium intake of individuals within a population to their blood pressure. It reviews recent findings on the relationship of diet, particularly dietary lipid and calorie balance, to fractions of plasma total cholesterol, i.e., LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol, and summarizes the evidence indicating that recommendations for improved nutrition in the United States--emphasizing sizable reduction in saturated fat and cholesterol intake, moderate decrease in intake of total fat and of refined and processed sugars, and of calories for overweight persons--produce changes in plasma lipidlipoprotein levels that are favorable in all respects. Finally, it summarizes the findings with respect to the marked decline in mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke, all cardiovascular diseases, and all causes in the United States from 1968 to 1978, and presents evidence indicating that improvements in life style (eating, smoking, and exercise habits) and control of high blood pressure have contributed significantly to these trends. PMID- 7046826 TI - Gas chromatographic mass spectrometric determination of myo-inositol in humans utilizing a deuterated internal standard. AB - The isotopic dilution technique was used for determining the content of myo inositol in human urine, plasma and haemolysed erythrocyte samples. A deuterated myo-inositol, synthesized from inosose-2 by base-catalysed exchange of hydrogens by deuterium, followed by reduction of the inosose with 2H2, was added as internal standard to the samples at an early stage in the analytical procedure. After separation and derivatization to the hexa-acetate, the gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis was carried out. A 25 m fused silica capillary column coated with methyl silicone was used, and the ions selected for monitoring were m/z 210 and m/z 214, which are characteristic and abundant fragment ions from unlabelled and hexadeuterated myo-inositolhexa-acetate, respectively. Calibration curves from water, urine, plasma and haemolysed erythrocytes show parallel, linear responses in the ratio between analyte and internal standard in the area of interest (0.2-2.0). PMID- 7046827 TI - Some effects of disconnecting the cerebral heispheres. Nobel Lecture, 8 December 1981. PMID- 7046828 TI - Brown-adipose-tissue lipogenesis in starvation: effects of insulin and (-) hydroxycitrate. AB - Glucose or insulin increased lipogenesis (measured in vivo using 3H2O) in brown fat of starved rats. Such increases were associated with activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and increased use of glucose as a lipogenic precursor (monitored as an increase in the 14C/3H ratio in brown-fat fatty acids in rats injected with both 3H20 and [U-14C]glucose). (-) Hydroxycitrate did not inhibit basal rates of brown-fat lipogenesis in starved rats but suppressed the increases in lipogenesis and glucose utilization observed in response to insulin. (-)Hydroxycitrate did not, however, inhabit the increase in 14C/3H observed after insulin treatment. The results indicate that in brown fat, glucose is utilized for fatty-acid synthesis predominantly via citrate, and that insulin acts to increase lipogenesis at site(s) prior to citrate cleavage. As basal rates of lipogenesis were not inhibited by (-)hydroxycitrate, it is suggested that acetate may be a lipogenic substrate for brown fat in starvation, and experiments are described which support this suggestion. PMID- 7046829 TI - Poiseuille gold medal award ceremony: introductory remarks. PMID- 7046830 TI - The history of rheology. PMID- 7046831 TI - [Characteristics of the biological role of spontaneous killer cells in humans]. PMID- 7046832 TI - [Electron microscope detection of immunoglobulin receptors on lymphocyte membranes]. PMID- 7046833 TI - [Ultrastructural localization of type-specific antigen of legionella pneumophila]. AB - Cell suspensions of Legionella pneumophila, a virulent Philadelphia I strain, were incubated with rabbit antiserum to type-specific heat-sensitive antigen III having toxic properties with the use of the indirect immunoferritin technique. Antigen III was localized in the outer fibrillar microcapsule-like layer 12-20 mm thick. In the direct immunoperoxidase test antigen III had globular localization on the cell wall surface. The layer described is unlikely to be a true microcapsule, since it does not contain acid mucopolysaccharides and is readily removed from the cell. It is more likely that it forms as a result of antigen III secretion (and, possibly, of other antigens) being more similar to a capsule-like or mucilagenous layer. PMID- 7046834 TI - [Immunomorphological characteristics of myoid cells in the thymus of patients with rheumatism]. PMID- 7046835 TI - [Immune complexes in the thymus of patients with rheumatism]. PMID- 7046836 TI - [Choice of the optimal regimens for preserving the heart with weak aldehyde solutions using mathematical methods of experimental design]. AB - An optimal variant of myocardial conservation was found by means of the methods of experimental design with the use of a small number of experiments. This variant consists of different regimens and conditions affecting the results of transplantation with the use of weak aldehyde concentrations. The conservation regimens in question allow more complete protection of the test organ against long-term ischemic injuries preserving myocardial contractility during the post transplantation period. PMID- 7046837 TI - [Semithin-section method in the morphological study of the healing of gunshot wounds]. PMID- 7046838 TI - [Role of sex hormones in realizing the monoamine effect on the luliberin content in the hypothalamus]. AB - Drastic decrease in the level of sex hormone in the blood of castrated male rats lessened the content of LH-RH in the arcuate nuclei and median eminence of the hypothalamus. Obviously, this area is the place affected by androgens within the system of the negative feedback mechanism. Intraventricular noradrenaline had a stimulating effect on the synthesis and secretion of LH-RH in both intact and castrated animals. Meanwhile in the absence of sex steroids that action was less powerful. Dopamine stimulated the release of LH-RH from the terminals of the median eminence in all the groups of the animals. In intact animals, serotonin had no effect on the content of LH-RH, while in the castrated animals, it produced an inhibitory action on the synthesis and secretion of LH-RH. The results indicate that the intensity and the line of the effects of monoamines under study may depend to a certain extent on the animals endocrine status. The effects of monoamines on LH-RH neurones is steroid-dependent. PMID- 7046839 TI - [Effect of experimental hyperinsulinemia on the insulin receptor activity of the plasma membranes of the fatty and liver tissue from rats with disturbed liver innervation]. AB - A study was made of the effect of experimental hyperinsulinemia, caused by daily administration of the increasing doses of a crystalline insulin-zinc suspension (up to 6 Units per animal) during 14 days, on the parameters of 125I-insulin binding by the insulin receptors of plasma membranes of adipose and liver tissues of intact rats and those with disturbed liver innervation. In intact rats, hyperinsulinemia led to the fall of the concentration of the insulin receptors and their affinity for insulin in the membranes of both tissues. In rats with disturbed liver innervation, analogous changes were observed for the receptors of adipose tissue, whereas the parameters of the receptors of liver were unchanged under the effect of hyperinsulinemia. It is concluded that nerve fibers that innervate the liver take part in the regulation of activity of the insulin receptors. PMID- 7046840 TI - [Use of computers for detecting the dynamics of changes in the cardiac adaptation reserves of alcoholism patients treated with nonachlazine]. AB - To reveal latent cardiac pathology in alcoholic patients'--the adaptation mechanisms adjusting the heart to the exercise test were quantitatively evaluated. The computer-made histograms of the cardiac rhythm of 30 practically healthy humans and 24 alcoholic patients showed before, during and after the exercise test that the variation range of the R-R interval was drastically decreased in alcoholic patients as compared to normal, while their mode was shifted towards shorter cardiointervals and had an increased amplitude. When the alcoholic patients were exposed to the exercise tests the shifts of the cardiointerval parameters in them were sharply different from those observed in the healthy subjects and after the test was over, the initial cardiac rhythm parameters failed to reappear within more than 3 min. Nonachlazin treatment of alcoholic cardiomyopathy increased the exercise tolerance estimated on the basis of the computer-processed cardiac rhythm, contributing to the reappearance of the normal clinical picture in the patients. PMID- 7046841 TI - [Induction of Escherichia coli K-12 mutants with an increased efficiency of plasmid transformation]. AB - A new rapid method for plasmid transformation of Escherichia coli K-12 cells has been devised. It consists in application of plasmid pMB9 DNA to the surface of an agar medium with 0.05 M CaCl2 and tetracycline (50 micrograms/ml). The recipient cells treated with nitrosoguanidine were drifted on by sectors on the plates with pMB9 DNA. The method enabled the obtaining of 12 mutants with high efficiency of plasmid transformation. PMID- 7046842 TI - [Mobilization capacity of the genetic transfer factors pAP38, pAP-39, pAP41, pAP42 and pAP43]. AB - Study into the mobilization ability of genetic transfer factors pAP38, pAP39, pAP41, pAP42, pAP43 in "three-parent" hybridization has shown that they mobilize unconjugated plasmids for transfer. It is likely that the mobilization mechanism is associated with formation of combined structures by recombination (transfer factor plus unconjugated plasmid). PMID- 7046843 TI - [Comparative experimental morphological evaluation of the complications of choledochoduodenal anastomosis]. AB - The authors performed choledochoduodenostomy in 80 dogs with the use of two techniques of anastomosis establishment. In experimental animals, use was made of a technique designed by the authors, while in the control series M. Kh. Kamalov's operation was made. Macro- and microscopic alterations were examined in the biliary ducts, liver and anastomosis area at varying time after interventions. Statistically significant positive results were obtained in the experimental series where use was made of the new surgical technique. PMID- 7046844 TI - Hyperleukocytic leukemias: rheological, clinical, and therapeutic considerations. AB - A small proportion of patients with acute or chronic leukemia has an extraordinarily high blood leukocyte count. These high counts can result in a very high fractional volume of leukocytes (leukocrit), which is also a function of the mean leukocyte volume in different types of leukemia. Despite a high fractional volume of leukocytes, bulk viscosity of blood is usually not increased because a decrement in the fractional volume of erythrocytes accompanies the increase in leukocytes. Nevertheless, the excessive numbers of leukocytes present two major problems: first, they can seriously affect flow in the circulation of the lung, brain, and less often, other organs by obstructing microchannels or by forming aggregates and white thrombi in small veins. Moreover, leukemic blasts may compete for oxygen in the microcirculation and they may be invasive, damaging vessel walls. Second, their rapid destruction in response to cytotoxic drugs causes metabolic disturbances, especially uric acid accumulation, which can lead to obstructive uropathy. PMID- 7046845 TI - Diagnosis and management of disseminated intravascular coagulation: the role of heparin therapy. AB - Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is caused by a variety of underlying disorders, and criteria for diagnosis are not well defined. However, the most helpful are a low platelet count, positive plasma protamine test, and fibrinogen and fibrin degradation product levels viewed in the context of the patient's underlying disease. The cornerstone of therapy is prompt treatment of the underlying disease and elimination of the trigger mechanism. Additional treatment must be individualized, and generalizations are difficult to make. However, if the patient has low hemostatic factors and is actively bleeding or requires an invasive procedure, then replacement with the appropriate hemostatic factors should be tried. Heparin is indicated in patients with purpura fulminans and venous thromboembolism, but there is little evidence that heparin reverses organ dysfunction associated with DIC. In addition, heparin is also probably indicated in patients with retained dead fetus and hypofibrinogenemia prior to induction of labor, excessive bleeding associated with a giant hemangioma, and neoplastic disease, particularly promyelocytic leukemia. Although the use of heparin in acute forms of DIC remains controversial, the majority of studies suggest that it is not helpful. The role of antithrombin III (AT-III) concentrates is unknown, but they theoretically may be helpful when DIC is associated with very low AT-III levels, as is seen in liver disease. PMID- 7046846 TI - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a pilot study. AB - The objective of the current study, initiated in 1976, was to improve upon the high relapse rate and subsequent mortality in children and young adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Seventeen patients, ages 6--28, with ANLL in first bone marrow remission, received cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation using a radiation scheme of 750 rad (7.5 Gy) total dose, delivered at a dose rate of 26 rad (26 cGy) per minute. Allogeneic marrow from HLA-matched sibling donors was followed by prophylactic therapy or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Median follow-up of the entire group is 20+ mo; survivors have been followed for a minimum of 14+ mo. Interstitial pneumonitis was observed in 6% of patients, and GVHD was observed in 29%. Seventy percent of patients are alive and in complete continuous remission. Two patients have relapsed (at 7 and 24 mo). Actuarial relapse-free survival is 76% at 1 yr and 64% at 5 yr. Quality of life in this disease-free survivors is excellent; all patients are free of active GVHD, receive no maintenance chemotherapy, and have high Karnofsky performances scores. High dose rate total body irradiation plus cyclophosphamide followed by allogeneic BMT may provide an opportunity for long-term complication-free survival in a substantial proportion of children and young adults with ANLL. PMID- 7046847 TI - Bone marrow transplantation with major ABO blood group incompatibility using erythrocyte depletion of marrow prior to infusion. AB - Twenty-five patients with major ABO blood group incompatibility between donor and recipient underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation using erythrocyte depletion of the bone marrow infusate prior to administration. Over 95% of the original erythrocyte content of the marrows was removed, while retaining 75% of the mononuclear cell content and 57% of the granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming units. Recipients, well hydrated and premedicated with corticosteroids, diphenhydramine, and mannitol, tolerated infusions well. The frequency of engraftment, rate of recovery of peripheral blood leukocytes, granulocytes, and platelets, and the incidence of graft-versus-host disease was similar to that observed following ABO blood group compatible bone marrow transplantation. Erythroid development following ABO blood group incompatible transplantation was significantly impaired until hemagglutinins fell to 1:4 or lower, at which time recovery of erythrocytes was detected in the peripheral blood. The erythrocyte hypoplasia associated with incompatible hemagglutinins was temporary. Erythrocyte purging is a safe and effective technique to perform bone marrow transplantation across major ABO blood group incompatibilities. PMID- 7046848 TI - Phenotypic characterization of skin-infiltrating T cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: comparison with benign cutaneous T-cell infiltrates. AB - Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, we have studied cell surface antigens of infiltrating mononuclear cells in skin biopsies from patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) and compared them with the T-cell surface phenotype seen in benign cutaneous T-cell infiltrations (e.g., contact dermatitis, delayed hypersensitivity skin tests, granuloma annulare) and in dermal infiltrates of lymphomatoid granulomatosis patients. We found that unlike circulating CTCL (Sezary) cells, CTCL cells infiltrating skin epidermis frequently expressed the T cell antigen 3A1. Cutaneous infiltrates in 10 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) and 1 patient with Sezary syndrome were OKT4 (inducer T cell), OKT8 (suppressor/cytotoxic T cell); 2 patients with MF were OKT4-, OKT8; and one MF patients's skin T cell were OKT4-, OKT8+. Similar to CTCL infiltrating cells, most of the benign skin T-cell infiltrates were usually 3A1+. OKT4+, and OKT8-. Our study shows the complex nature of T-cell antigen patterns in inflammatory and malignant skin T-cell infiltrations. We demonstrated that the CTCL the skin epidermal infiltrating T-cell phenotype is not invariate, and in many cases, is similar to the phenotype of clinically benign cutaneous T-cell infiltrations. PMID- 7046849 TI - Cyclosporin-A abrogates transfusion-induced sensitization and prevents marrow graft rejection in DLA-identical canine littermates. AB - Previous studies had shown that marrow graft rejection generally did not occur in untransfused dogs given 900-rad total body irradiation and hemopoietic grafts from DLA identical littermates (only 1 of 59 rejected), but was seen in all instances after three preceding transfusions of whole blood from the marrow donor on days -24, -17, and -10 before transplantation (19 of 19 rejected). The present study was undertaken to investigate whether immunization by 3 preceding transfusions of whole blood from the DLA-identical littermate marrow donor could be abrogated by administration of the immunosuppressive agent cyclo-sporin-A, 20 mg/kg/day intramuscularly on days -5 to 0. Seven of 10 dogs showed sustained marrow engraftment. 2 failed to engraft, and 1 dog died to early to be evaluated. It was concluded that immunization to non-DLA antigens by preceding whole blood transfusions could be abrogated in most cases by a short-course of cyclosporin-A before total body irradiation and marrow transplantation, resulting in successful and sustained marrow engraftment. PMID- 7046850 TI - Arson update: a review of the literature on firesetting. PMID- 7046851 TI - A degradation product of fenitrothion, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, is an inhibitor of mammalian ribonucleotide reductase. PMID- 7046852 TI - The Fielding H. Garrison Lecture: Ceteris paribus: the evolution of the clinical trial. PMID- 7046853 TI - Writing the history of hospitals. PMID- 7046854 TI - The mental hospital and its historians. PMID- 7046855 TI - Progress at the cutting edge. PMID- 7046856 TI - Animal experimentation. PMID- 7046857 TI - Why a physiologist?--the case of Henry P. Bowditch. PMID- 7046858 TI - The nineteenth-century surgical revolution--antisepsis or better nutrition? PMID- 7046859 TI - Malaria in late Tsarist Russia. PMID- 7046860 TI - Edward Frankland's early career as London's official water analyst, 1865-1876: the context of "previous sewage contamination". PMID- 7046861 TI - A history and reminiscence of the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Population Affairs, Department of Health Education and Welfare, 1969-1977. PMID- 7046862 TI - The Alan Mason Chesney Archives of the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. PMID- 7046863 TI - George W. Corner (1889-1981): historian. PMID- 7046864 TI - Improved morphological techniques for screening potentially ototoxic compounds in laboratory animals. AB - A technique is described for morphological examination of the organ of Corti which can be used in routine toxicological studies. This involves the dissection of a critical point-dried cochlea and examination of a surface preparation of the entire organ by scanning electron microscopy. The procedure is simple and far less time consuming than that previously used for light microscopy. Quantitative estimates of damage induced in the organ of Corti either by the administration of ototoxic compounds or as a response to noise-induced or age-related changes can be obtained. Details are given for the application of this technique to two species commonly used in toxicity studies. With minor modifications it could be applied to many other species of animal. PMID- 7046865 TI - [Academic eulogy of Prof. M. de Visscher, titular member]. PMID- 7046866 TI - [Eulogy of Fritz Albert, titular member and former president]. PMID- 7046867 TI - [The development of salt consumption in France]. PMID- 7046868 TI - The wear particles of synovial fluid: their ferrographic analysis and pathophysiological significance. AB - This article reviews recent progress in our investigations into the wear particles which accumulate in prosthetic and natural diarthrodial joints. Ferrographic analysis of these particles is providing new insight into the manner in which joints undergo wear in situ. It also has the potential to serve as a diagnostic and prognostic technique, with special application to monitoring very early changes in the wear status of joints and distinguishing the various arthritides. Wear particles interact with periarticular cells and tissues, provoking the release of lytic enzymes and eliciting other biochemical changes, which exacerbate the destruction of the joint. PMID- 7046869 TI - Surgery in Jehovah's witnesses. PMID- 7046870 TI - Neuroendocrine responses as an indicator of recurrence liability in primary affective illness. PMID- 7046871 TI - Alcohol and the endocrine system. PMID- 7046872 TI - Infertility in the dog and bitch. PMID- 7046873 TI - The cytoarchitecture of GABAergic neurons in rat spinal cord. AB - Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the enzyme that synthesizes the transmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), has previously been localized within synaptic terminals in rat spinal cord by immunocytochemistry. In the present study, GAD was localized within the somata and dendrites of GABA neurons following colchicine injections into rat lumbar spinal cord. All regions of the spinal gray matter contained GAD-positive somata except the motoneuron pools (lamina IX). GAD positive somata also were observed in the ependymal layer and in the dorsolateral funiculus. Small GAD-positive somata, averaging 9 X 13 micrometer in size, were located in laminae I-III, and the size of GAD-positive somata increased for cells located in progressively more ventral laminae, reaching a maximum in lamina VII where somal size averaged 12 X 19 micrometer. Lamina I contained two classes of GAD-positive cell bodies; lenticular shaped, intermediate size neurons that were reminiscent of stalked cells, and a smaller cell type that was elongated in the sagittal plane. GAD-positive somata in laminae II and III had the size and position of islet cells. In laminae IV-VI, GAD-positive somal profiles averaged 12 X 17 micrometer in size. Lamina IV neurons were concentrated along laminar edges, while those in laminae V and VI were distributed more homogeneously. In lamina VIII, GAD-positive cell bodies appeared in groups of 3 or 4 and were smaller than those in lamina VII. Lamina X contained GAD-positive somal profiles averaging 12 X 16 micrometer in size. In the ependymal layer, there were two types of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons that contained GAD; one spherical and the other elongated. Both types sent extensions into the central canal where these processes expanded into 4-5 micrometer-wide end bulbs. CSF contacting cells with sizes and shapes similar to the GAD-positive ones were seen to receive synapses in electron micrographs. The widespread distribution of GABA neurons in spinal cord was suggestive of diverse functions for these cells, encompassing conventional synaptic roles and, perhaps, an involvement in hormonally modulated communication via GABAergic, CSF-contacting neurons. PMID- 7046874 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of plasticity in GABA neurons of the adult rat dentate gyrus. AB - The distribution of GABA fibers within the dentate gyrus was immunohistochemically examined following lesions of the entorhinal cortex in the adult rat. A major change in the pattern of the GAD immunoreactive fibers within the molecular layer, characterized by a marked increase in the density of fibers in the outer molecular layer, was observed. This change in the lamination of the dentate GABA fibers following entorhinal lesions appeared very similar to the changes which occur in acetylcholinesterase staining following entorhinal denervation of the dentate. These results provide morphological support for the sprouting of GABA fibers in the dentate gyrus in response to perforant path destruction. PMID- 7046875 TI - Experimental studies on the olfactory marker protein. II. Appearance of the olfactory marker protein during differentiation of the olfactory sensory neurons of mouse: an immunohistochemical and autoradiographic study. AB - The time interval between the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and the appearance of olfactory marker protein (OMP) in autoradiographically labeled neurons which have differentiated from stem cells, has been determined by autoradiographic and immunohistochemical techniques. The first [3H]thymidine-labeled, OMP-containing elements have been observed 7 days after administration of the radioactive thymidine. This result allows some speculation on the potential function of the olfactory marker protein. PMID- 7046876 TI - Further studies on the identification of neurons containing immunoreactive alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) in the rat brain. AB - In order to identify more accurately the organelles containing immunoreactive alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) in the rat brain, attempts were made to improve the ultrastructural preservation of the neural tissue used for immunostaining of the peptide. With the post-embedding staining technique, the quality of the preservation was not adequate since only low concentrations (0.2 0.5%) of OsO4 could be used for postfixation. Higher concentrations of OsO4 completely destroyed the antigenicity of alpha-MSH. With the pre-embedding technique in which the immunostaining is performed prior to postfixation with OsO4, a good preservation could be obtained making possible the identification of organelles and classification of endings containing immunoreactive alpha-MSH. In the dendrites, the staining was rather diffuse without any clear association with organelles. In the endings, the staining was mostly restricted to dense core vesicles with some degree of diffusion in the cytoplasm. None of the positive endings were seen making synaptic contact. These results support the hypothesis that alpha-MSH could be released in sites other than the classical synaptic junction and act as a local hormone. PMID- 7046877 TI - Differential distribution in rat basal ganglia of Met-enkephalin- and Met enkephalin Arg6 Phe7-like peptides revealed by immunohistochemistry. AB - Antisera to Met-enkephalin and its heptapeptide variant Met-enkephalin Arg6Phe7 were used in immunohistochemistry to study distribution of immunoreactive material in rat basal ganglia. In the pallidum, the Met-enkephalin antiserum, but not the Met-enkephalin Arg6Phe7 antiserum, revealed abundant nerve terminals, whereas in the caudate-putamen the heptapeptide antiserum demonstrated numerous immunoreactive cell bodies that were not shown by the Met-enkephalin antiserum. The differential distribution of immunoreactivity is compatible with distinct physiological roles for the two peptides in basal ganglia. PMID- 7046878 TI - The presence of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase in cerebral microvessel and endothelial cultures. PMID- 7046879 TI - Kainic acid sensitivity of mammalian Purkinje cells in monolayer cultures. AB - Purkinje cells from fetal mouse cerebellum were studied in a monolayer culture system. These neurons, labeled by intracellular iontophoresis of HRP, showed one or more thick, spine-covered dendrites and an axon whose swellings contacted other neuronal processes and Purkinje cell somata. In short-term experiments, kainic acid was cytotoxic to Purkinje neurons and not to granule cells in monolayer cultures of fetal rat cerebellum. PMID- 7046880 TI - Intracranial self-stimulation in the thalamus of the rat. AB - Rats were tested for intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) via bipolar electrodes situated throughout the thalamus. Of 112 animals in the study, 55 met the criteria for ICSS, with scores ranging from 55 to 921 bar-presses in a 15 minute session. A map of both positive and neutral placements is presented. Positive sites for ICSS were found in all aspects of the mediodorsal nucleus, except for the central segment. The ventromedial nuclear complex was also a positive area of ICSS, with the exception of the submedial nucleus (nucleus gelatinosus). Each of the intralaminar nuclei (central medial, parafascicular, paracentral, and central lateral) supported ICSS, as did each of the midline nuclei (rhomboid, paratenial and paraventricular). No placements were found in the nucleus reuniens. Both "major" relay nuclei, the ventrobasal and ventrolateral, supported ICSS; but neither the laterodorsal nor the lateral posterior nuclei had positive caudal thalamus. As a general rule, ICSS scores appeared to be higher as the electrode placements approached the midline. Sites in which no positive placements were seen included the reticular nucleus, as well as the stria medularis, the mammillothalamic tract, and the fasciculus retroflexus. PMID- 7046881 TI - [The beginnings of the medical school at Comenius University in Bratislava. 3. Physicians and the beginnings of Comenius University]. PMID- 7046882 TI - [Perimetry of early glaucomatous visual fields defects. Comparative controlled study using the Goldman and Octopus perimeter]. PMID- 7046883 TI - ANA rewards dedication to change. Shirley C. Titus, Hall of Fame; Diane Cooper, Medical-Surgical Nurse of the Year. PMID- 7046884 TI - The effect of condensation on adaptation and void formation using various dental amalgam alloys. PMID- 7046885 TI - Selective radiography instead of screening pantomography--a risk/benefit evaluation. PMID- 7046886 TI - Laughing gas is no laughing matter. PMID- 7046887 TI - Hepatitis B: a one-year. PMID- 7046888 TI - Internship in general dentistry. PMID- 7046889 TI - The use of 30 gauge needles for the administration of local anaesthetic in North American dental schools. PMID- 7046890 TI - Biological effects of sonicated suspension and phenol-water extract of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides in goats. AB - Strain Y3343 isolated from a goat with septicemia and polyarthritis was studied. The strain was virulent and induced septicemia, polyarthritis and coagulopathy in two goats. Limulus amebocyte lysate active material was present in plasma, but not in higher titre in inoculated goats. Sonicated mycoplasma material induced a dramatic somatic cell response in the mammary gland of cows and goats and marked clotting of the cows' milk, but it did not clot limulus amebocyte lysate or kill chick embryos. Phenol-water extract clotted limulus amebocyte lysate and induced somatic cell response in cows but not in goats. The phenol-water extract did not kill chick embryos, was not pyrogenic in rabbits or goats, and did not induce generalized Shwartzman reaction or change the leukocyte kinetics in rabbits. It therfore appears that the virulence mechanisms of strain Y3343 can not be explained on the basis of factors with strong endotoxin activity. PMID- 7046891 TI - Recombination-deficient mutations and thymineless death in Escherichia coli K12: reciprocal effects of recBC and recF and indifference of recA mutations. AB - In an approach to characterizing the nature of the lethal event in thymineless death (TLD), rec mutants of Escherichia coli K12 were examined for their sensitivity to TLD. The recB21 and recC22 mutations sensitized cells of the AB1157 line to TLD but not cells of the HF4733 line. This increased sensitivity was not suppressed substantially by either sbcB15 or xonA1 mutation. In contrast, a recF mutation appeared to make cells more resistant to TLD than rec+ cells. Three different recA alleles were shown not to affect TLD appreciably. These results not only provide further support for the view that the site of the lethal event in TLD is cellular DNA, but also strongly suggest the involvement of the recBC and recF gene products in TLD. The apparent indifference of recA mutation implies that the conventional recombination and repair pathways per se are not involved in TLD and that the hypothetical lethal damage to DNA may be unique in nature. PMID- 7046892 TI - Dr. James K. Murray, MD, BSc(Med), FRCS (C), FACS, 1929-1981: an appreciation. PMID- 7046893 TI - Canadian Red Cross lecture. Current concepts of oxygen-transporting blood substitutes. AB - Blood substitutes are being developed that will provide oxygen-transporting capabilities as well as volume replacement. Perfluorochemical and hemoglobin solutions have potential clinical use. A perfluorochemical blood substitute, Fluosol-DA 20%, is being used in clinical trials in several countries. These blood substitutes are not capable of totally replacing the need for blood transfusions but could be used temporarily in situations where blood is contraindicated or not available. They may be useful for a wide range of clinical conditions other than blood replacement, such as impending tissue ischemia. Before large-scale clinical use of these products is realized, more information is needed about drug efficacy and safety so that intelligent decisions can be made about indications for this type of transfusion therapy. PMID- 7046894 TI - Need for a BCG trial in Canada's native populations. PMID- 7046895 TI - Bursitis and cellulitis due to penicillin-tolerant group B streptococci. PMID- 7046896 TI - Tularemia in Canada with a focus on Saskatchewan. AB - Although rare among humans in Canada, tularemia is often endemic in wildlife. The inhabitants of rural areas are especially likely to be exposed to the causative bacterium, Francisella tularensis, through trapping or through the bites of arthropods. Muskrats have replaced rabbits as the principal source of infection, as illustrated by a familial outbreak of oropharyngeal tularemia in Saskatchewan. In humans the disease has six distinct forms and can be asymptomatic, but it generally comes to medical attention as fever, persistent ulcers and enlarged lymph nodes. Serologic tests will confirm the diagnosis.Bien que la tularemie soit rare chez l'homme au Canada, elle existe souvent a l'etat endemique parmi les animaux sauvages. Les habitants des regions rurales sont particulierement susceptibles d'etre exposes a l'agent etiologique, Francisella tularensis, lors du trappage ou par les morsures d'arthropodes. Le rat musque a maintenant remplace le lapin comme principale source d'infection, tel que l'illustre une poussee de tularemie oropharyngienne chez une famille de Saskatchewan. Chez l'humain la maladie prend six formes distinctes, et elle peut etre asymptomatique, mais elle se presente generalement a l'attention du medecin comme une fievre accompagnee d'ulceres persistants et d'une tumefaction ganglionnaire. Les epreuves serologiques confirment le diagnostic. PMID- 7046897 TI - "Muskrat fever": two outbreaks of tularemia near Montreal. PMID- 7046898 TI - Comparison of pimozide and chlorpromazine in acute schizophrenia. AB - A four week double-blind study comparing pimozide and chlorpromazine was designed to test the hypothesis that pimozide, a powerful dopamine receptor blocker, is more effective in the treatment of acute schizophrenia than chlorpromazine. Twenty patients, 13 males and 7 females ranging in age from 21 to 53 years (mean age 33 years) admitted to ST. Mary's Hospital with acute schizophrenia were placed on the study. They were treated on an individual titrated dosage of either chlorpromazine 300 mg to 2100 mg, or pimozide 10 to 70 mg. The results revealed that on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the chlorpromazine group significantly improved after one week, whereas the pimozide group showed no statistical improvement until the third week. By the end of the study no significant differences were apparent between the two groups. In the Clinical Global Impression Scale, a significant difference between the two groups was found at week 4 showing a greater improvement in the chlorpromazine group. In terms of adverse reactions, the chlorpromazine group had significantly fewer extrapyramidal symptoms than the pimozide group (Simpson and Angus Scale) and in addition 15 adverse reactions were noted for the pimozide group as compared with 8 for the chlorpromazine group. This study shows that chlorpromazine has an earlier onset of action than pimozide in the acute schizophrenic patient despite the fact that it has a weaker effect on the dopamine receptor than has pimozide. In view of this finding, the dopamine theory of schizophrenia should be critically re-examined. PMID- 7046899 TI - Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone and the contribution of adriamycin in the treatment of adult non-Hodgkin's lymphomas a report of 131 cases. AB - Between January 1973 and January 1979, 131 patients with malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (107 lymphocytic lymphomas, 24 histiocytic lymphomas) were treated with cyclophosphamide-vincristin-prednisone (CVP) either alone or combined with Adriamycin (CVP-A). Stage I and II lymphocytic lymphomas were all treated by CVP combined with radiotherapy. The survival curve for this group of patients plateaued at 89% from the 12th to the 60th month, which was the endpoint of the study. For Stage III and IV nodular lymphocytic lymphomas, actuarial survival was 69% at five years in the CVP-treated group as compared to 54% at three years in the group treated with CVP-A. For Stage III and IV diffuse lymphocytic lymphomas, the complete response rate and median survival were respectively 25% and 24 months in patients treated with CVP, as compared to 67% (P less than 0.01) and 26 months in the group treated with CVP-A. For histiocytic lymphomas, the complete response rate was 50% in the CVP-treated group as compared to 83% in the group treated with CVP-A. Most remarkable was the fact that while in the CVP treated group median survival was only 17 months, the small group of patients treated with CVP-A exhibited considerably improved survival with a horizontal survival curve at 90% after 36 months (12 patients). These results show that the CVP protocol remains an excellent treatment for nodular lymphocytic lymphomas. The addition of Adriamycin (CVP-A) as well as its inclusion in other drugs combination, has raised hopes for remissions of long duration and even for cures in patients with histiocytic lymphomas. Finally, in diffuse lymphocytic lymphomas, efforts will have to be pursued to improve the prognosis which remains poor despite the increased complete response rate achieved by the addition of Adriamycin. PMID- 7046900 TI - Combination chemotherapy (CMFVP) versus L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) for operable breast cancer with positive axillary nodes: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. AB - The Southwest Oncology Group in a prospective randomized study compared one year of adjuvant combination chemotherapy with continuous CMFVP to two years of intermittent L-PAM in women with operable breast cancer with histologically positive axillary lymph nodes. In fully evaluable patients with a 42-month median and 30-month minimum follow-up, treatment failures have occurred in 26% of 145 receiving CMFVP and 47% of 167 women given L-PAM (P = 0.002). Disease-free survival times were significantly longer with CMFVP than with L-PAM in the following subgroups: premenopausal women (P = 0.002), postmenopausal women (P = 0.002), women with 1-3 involved axillary nodes (P = 0.003), and women with four or more involved axillary nodes (P = 0.002). CMFVP was effective in pre- and postmenopausal women. There is a significant difference in survival in favor of CMFVP compared to L-PAM (P = 0.005). The life table estimates of survival at 42 months are 86% for women on the CMFVP treatment arm and 73% for women on the L PAM treatment arm. There was no correlation between the interval from mastectomy to onset of chemotherapy (between one and six weeks) and recurrence rates. Acute toxicity with both treatment arms was moderate and reversible. These results show that continuous CMFVP is superior to intermittent L-PAM in decreasing recurrences and increasing survival in both pre- and postmenopausal women with operable breast cancer with histologically involved axillary nodes. PMID- 7046901 TI - The usefulness of the Lukes-Collins classification in identifying subsets of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma responsive to chemotherapy. AB - Twenty-nine patients with Stage III and IV diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL) were treated prospectively with cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, vincristine, prednisone and bleomycin (CHOP-B) or hydroxydaunorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate with leucovorine rescue and cytosine arabinoside (ACOMLA). Twenty-six evaluable patients were reclassified blindly by the Lukes-Collins classification with five large noncleaved follicular center cell (FCC), six large cleaved FCC, three large cell unclassified, seven B immunoblastic sarcoma and five T-immunoblastic sarcoma patients identified. There was no significant survival advantage between the two combination chemotherapy programs. Survival of the immunoblastic sarcoma patients was inferior to that of the FCC lymphoma patients (P = 0.02). There were no significant survival differences between the large cleaved FCC and noncleaved FCC subtypes. Immunoblastic sarcomas, B- and T-cell types, appear to be more resistant to standard combination chemotherapy programs and new approaches may warrant more aggressive therapy in future protocols. The large cell FCC lymphomas have an excellent prognosis. PMID- 7046902 TI - Depression of functional and antigenic plasma antithrombin III (AT-III) due to therapy with L-asparaginase. AB - Eleven patients with leukemia and lymphoma were treated with 14 courses of E. coli L-asparaginase. Abnormalities of the coagulation screening tests and decreased fibrinogen levels were observed in all patients during treatment. Significant depressions of functional (mean 32%) and antigenic (mean 48%) antithrombin III were observed by day 14 of therapy. There was no laboratory evidence of intravascular coagulation during 11/14 courses of L-asparaginase. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of plasma obtained at the antithrombin nadir did not demonstrate an abnormal pattern which can be associated with an abnormal antithrombin III or an increase in antithrombin III-coagulation factor complexes. The major underlying mechanism of this depression is believed to be decreased hepatic synthesis, and the low levels of antithrombin III may be associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PMID- 7046903 TI - The in vivo effect of a thymic factor (thymostimulin) on immunologic parameters of patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease. AB - The in vivo effect of a calf thymus extract (thymostimulin, TS) on the E rosetting capacity, PHA blastogenic response, serum migration inhibitory activity (LIF) and skin reactivity to recall antigens was evaluated in 19 untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease. In patients the mean percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes forming E-rosettes increased from 47 to 55.7% (P less than or equal to 0.001; normal: 58.9). The mean PHA stimulation index rose with all three concentrations tested but did not reach normal values. Serum LIF was positive in only one patient prior to treatment with a mean LIF for all patients of 0.75 (P less than or equal to 0.005). Skin tests were positive in ten patients (52.6%) prior to therapy and 18 patients following therapy (94.7%; P less than or equal to 0.05). Thymostimulin, in vivo, appears to return immunologic competency to a population of untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7046904 TI - Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the small intestine: a case report studied with electron microscopy and immunoperoxidase technique. AB - A well-documented case of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma located in the small intestine is presented. The patient underwent local resection of the tumor, and shows no signs of local recurrence or dissemination of the disease after a five-year follow-up. The pathologic nature of plasma cell tumors is discussed, and it is concluded that the demonstration of intracytoplasmatic immunoglobulin is essential for the exact classification of plasma cell neoplasms. PMID- 7046905 TI - Intrathoracic soft tissue sarcomas in children. PMID- 7046906 TI - Osteoarticular and intercalary allograft transplantation in the management of malignant tumors of bone. AB - Since 1971, the Orthopaedic Service at the Massachusetts General Hospital has treated 106 patients with malignant or aggressive bone tumors by wide resection and replacement with frozen cadaveric allograft. Sixty-one of these patients have been followed for over two years (mean, 4.5 years), allowing a comprehensive end results analysis. In 45 patients, mostly with giant-cell tumors of chondrosarcomas, the resection involved the articular end of a long bone and the replacement not only included bone, but glycerolized (to prevent freezing injury) and articular cartilage. Ten of the segments were intercalary (bone alone) and six involved a combination of bone and metallic joint prosthesis. Patients were graded as excellent, good, fair, or failure, depending principally on functional capacity. End-results analysis in this group showed that five of the 61 patients had either a local recurrence (2) and/or distant metastases (3); in five additional patients the limb was amputated or the implant removed, primarily because of infection (total failure rate, 16.5%). Forty-five (73.8%) had successful transplants (graded excellent or good) and were able to live essentially normal lives. Six of the patients (10%) required a brace or cane but three of these patients were able to return to preoperative work activities. Although the operations were arduous and difficult, and despite a high infection rate (13%) and occasional pathologic fractures (10%), the results compare favorably with other techniques used to restore the skeleton following massive segmental resection. In long-term follow-up, the data suggest that if no complication ensue in the first two years, the results are generally quite good and the grafts show no evidence of progressive deterioration with time. PMID- 7046907 TI - Improved regional selectivity of hepatic arterial BCNU with degradable microspheres. AB - Starch microspheres 40 micrometers in diameter, which are rapidly degraded by serum amylase, have been administered through hepatic arterial catheters to five patients with primary and metastatic liver cancer to determine whether (1) arterial blood flow through the liver could be temporarily blocked, and (2) such occlusion at the level of the arteriolar capillary bed would enhance regional uptake and catabolism and decrease systemic exposure to simultaneously administered hepatic arterial bischlorethylnitrosourea (BCNU). It was possible with 10 ml of microspheres (9 X 10(6) microspheres/ml) injected into the hepatic artery to transiently (for 15-30 minutes) reduce hepatic flow by 80-100% in the five patients. When BCNU (50 mg/m2 in one minute) was given with microspheres there was a 30-90% reduction in systemic nitrosourea exposure and in peak levels. No myelosuppression was noted and hepatic toxicity consisted of acute pain due to BCNU and 1.5-2.0 fold transient enzyme elevations. One patient with cholangiocarcinoma showed a partial response lasting three months; three patients had stable disease and one patient with colon carcinoma had progressive disease. Thus, this pilot study suggests that concurrent intra-arterial microspheres and BCNU may have the potential to improve selective regional drug effect with marked diminution in systemic toxicity. PMID- 7046908 TI - Levamisole as an adjuvant to chemotherapy in extensive bronchogenic carcinoma: a Veterans Administration Lung Cancer Group Study. AB - A randomized trial of 381 patients with extensive lung cancer compared immunochemotherapy with levamisole (150 mg/m2 orally three times a week), cyclophosphamide (700 mg/m2 IV every three weeks) and CCNU (70 mg/m2 orally every six weeks) with the same chemotherapy without levamisole. When disease progressed, doxorubicin hydrochloride or doxorubicin hydrochloride plus levamisole was used. Hematologic toxicity required reduction of the levamisole dosage to 2.5 mg/kg (100 mg/m2) three times a week, every other week. When corrections are made for all variables, levamisole itself had a negative influence on survival. Patients given 150 mg/m2 had a shorter median time to treatment failure (P = 0.02), lower response rate (P = 0.02) more toxicity (P = 0.08), and shorter median survival (P = 0.08). Patients with 10% or greater weight loss had significantly shorter survival (P = 0.006). The regimen with the reduced dosage of levamisole also was more toxic (P = 0.05) but otherwise did not differ from the control regimen. The cause of the adverse effect of levamisole is unknown. It did not occur because of an excess of toxic deaths or because smaller doses of cytotoxic drugs were given to patients treated with levamisole. Neither the initial lymphocyte count nor the Candida skin test reactions had a significant effect on the study endpoints when correction was made for dominant prognostic factors such as the initial performance status and weight loss. PMID- 7046909 TI - Direct cloning of human malignant melanoma. AB - An in vitro soft agar technique was used to culture human malignant melanoma cells from 61 solid tumors, 17 lymph nodes, 11 effusions, and four bone marrow specimens from 93 patients with malignant melanoma. Colonies grew in soft agar from 64 (69%) of the 93 specimens. Fifty-five percent of the specimens cultured formed greater than or equal to 30 colonies per 500,000 nucleated cells plated. Light microscopy, electron microscopy, tumor marker, and athymic nude mouse studies provided evidence the colonies were composed of malignant melanoma cells. Drug sensitivity studies utilizing the cloning technique showed similarities between in vitro results and the general clinical experience noted with the same drugs. The human tumor cloning system represents a new model for future basic biology and clinical studies of human malignant melanoma. PMID- 7046910 TI - Immunofluorescence localization of thyroglobulin in metastatic thyroid cancer. PMID- 7046911 TI - Hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum: relevance to cancer promotion and cancer control in humans. AB - We propose that SF derived from normal-appearing biopsies of ACR gene carriers exist in an initiated state as the result of a dominant mutation. Based on our studies with the ACR cell system, we further suggest that, although an initiated state is essential to cancer development, not all initiated cells necessarily develop into cancerous cells. The genetic makeup of an initiated cell has been established through linkage between abnormal phenotypic markers and pedigree profiles and through cell hybridization, including initial analysis of gene products. We believe that it is consistent with an autosomal dominant trait. In contrast, cells from patients who are homozygous for chromosomal breakage syndromes, including those with xeroderma pigmentosum, represent an experiment of nature which presumably underlies factors associated with cancer promotion in humans. We have demonstrated that ACR cells can be differentially transformed by oncogenic viruses, a carcinogen (MNNG), and gamma-ray irradiation, and that they can proliferate in vitro after exposure to a tumor promoter (TPA. This simple experimental model provides a novel system for the study of tumor promotion in vitro. We further suggest that, through the use of TPA, various stages associated with cancer development in humans, i.e., initiation through promotion and progression, can be identified in vitro. Attempts to apply these results in vivo are currently in progress. The apparent susceptibility of ACR cells to further transformation by oncogenic viruses and chemical and physical agents indicates that genetic information residing within these cells, probably in the form of a relatively limited and specific number of DNA sequences associated with the ACR mutation, renders them more sensitive to these three distinct classes of carcinogens. We submit that, through our tests on SF, and ACR gene carriers within recognized ACR clusters can be diagnosed at present with sufficient certainty to warrant immediate action. In addition, it seems that the time has arrived for a major undertaking to screen for persons who are likely to be at increased risk of cancer, perhaps through walk-in clinics. An underlying assumption in these studies is that predisposition to cancer, in general, is associated with an autosomal dominant trait in obligatory heterozygote gene carriers. PMID- 7046912 TI - Mutagenicity of the optical isomers of the diastereomeric bay-region chrysene 1,3 diol-3,4-epoxides in bacterial and mammalian cells. AB - The mutagenic activities of the four optically pure (+)- and (-)-enantiomers of the two diastereomeric bay-region chrysene 1,2-diol-3,4-epoxides were evaluated in histidine-dependent strains of Salmonella typhimurium and in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells. In strain TA98 of S. typhimurium, (-)-1 alpha, 2 beta dihydroxy-3 beta, 4 beta-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochrysene was 5 to 10 times more active than the other three optical isomers. However, in strain TA100 of S. typhimurium and in Chinese hamster V79 cells, (+)-1 beta, 2 alpha-dihydroxy-3 alpha, 4 alpha-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochrysene was the most mutagenic diol epoxide and was from 5 to 40 times more active than the other three optical isomers. The bay-region (+)- and (-)-3,4-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochrysene isomers has identical mutagenic activities in all three systems. These studies indicate that the presence and orientation of the hydroxyl groups play an important role in modulating the mutagenic activity of bay-region epoxides of chrysene in both bacterial and mammalian cells. PMID- 7046913 TI - Effects of partial hepatectomy on transplanted hepatocytes. AB - When hepatocytes are injected into the fat pads of syngeneic rats, they behave like clonogenic units and proliferate to form nodules at the site of transplantation. The probability of formation of nodules was quantitated by use of the serial dilution assay. When hepatocytes are injected into hepatectomized hosts, the probability of formation of nodules is enhanced 8-fold. There is slight decrease in the initial rate of disappearance of hepatocytes transplanted into hepatectomized hosts, but the percentage of hepatocytes that remain at the site of injection after 6 days is the same for both recipient types. Hepatectomy in the recipient animals is accompanied by a parallel increase in DNA synthesis and mitosis in the hepatocytes at the transplantation site. The probability of clone formation was found to be inversely proportional to the time between host hepatectomy and hepatocyte transplantation. The implication of these findings for the mode of action and the nature of the hepatectomy stimulus is discussed. PMID- 7046914 TI - Comparison of the mutagenicity and teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide and its active metabolites, 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, phosphoramide mustard, and acrolein. PMID- 7046915 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human prostate and bladder tumor-associated antigens. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to human prostate adenocarcinoma membrane antigens were produced by fusion of P3X63/Ag8 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized against the prostate cancer cell line DU145. The hybrids were screened for antibody production using glutaraldehyde-fixed cells in a solid phase radioimmunoassay. Antibody-binding specificity was also checked by quantitative adsorption, membrane immunofluorescence, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays. A hybridoma clone (83.21) was isolated that secreted antibodies which preferentially bound to several prostate and bladder cancer cell lines but did not bind to a variety of other normal and malignant human cell lines. This antibody also reacted with a cytomegalovirus-transformed human embryonic lung cell line but not to normal human embryonic lung cells. Quantitative adsorption studies demonstrated that the 83.21 monoclonal antibody was strongly reactive to membrane preparations from human prostate adenocarcinoma tissue and a liver metastasis of prostate carcinoma. Little or no binding activity was observed against two other prostate carcinomas, bening prostatic hyperplasia, normal prostate, or normal liver. Binding studies indicate that the 83.21 monoclonal antibody does not bind to alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, prostatic acid phosphatase, human leukocyte antigen, beta 2 microglobulin, HLA-Dr antigens, fibronectin, or prostate antigen. The data indicate that we have isolated a monoclonal antibody that binds to an antigen(s) expressed by several urogenital carcinoma cell lines as well as human prostate tumor tissue and that the antibody is not directed against well-known human tumor cell markers. PMID- 7046916 TI - Deacylation of 12-O-[3H]tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and [3H]phorbol-12,13 didecanoate in hamster skin and hamster cells in culture. PMID- 7046917 TI - Thymic origin of the prolactin-dependent Nb2 lymphoma cell line. AB - Blast cells in acute leukemia and lymphoma appear to be "frozen" at various stages of lymphoid cell differentiation. The enzymatic and antigenic phenotypes expressed by these cells often correspond to the gene products of their normal precursors. We have used various immunocytochemical and enzymatic techniques to identify membrane, nuclear, and cytoplasmic markers associated with the prolactin dependent Nb2 lymphoma cell line. The Nb2 cells, whether stationary or in log phase growth, did not express any surface immunoglobulin. However, 100% of the Nb2 cells bound both a monoclonal antibody raised to rat thymocyte W3/25-HLK, which specifically binds an antigenic determinant on rat T-helper cells, and second monoclonal antibody OX8-HL, which identifies rat nonhelper T-cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed no evidence of phagocytic vacuoles, and activity of the lysosomal enzyme muramidase was also absent. There was no evidence of the DNA polymerase enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. alpha-Naphthyl acetate esterase activity was indicated in about 50% of the Nb2 cells by a faint particulate cytoplasmic staining similar to that found in thymocytes. Rosette formation with guinea pig erythrocytes, a property of mature rat thymocytes, was not observed with Nb2 cells. The data suggest that the Nb2 tumor may have arisen from a thymocyte at an intermediate stage of differentiation. The presence of Thy-like alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase pattern and the binding of both W3/25-HLK and OX8-HL support the thymic origin and relative immaturity of these lymphoid cells. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a significant proportion of lymphomas and leukemias also originate in undifferentiated thymic cels. PMID- 7046918 TI - Mouse monoclonal antibody to a melanoma-carcinoma-associated antigen synthesized by a human melanoma cell line propagated in serum-free medium. AB - A monoclonal antibody, F11, was produced against a tumor-associated antigen from the spent medium of the M14 human malignant melanoma cell line which was grown continuously in serum-free medium. Ouchterlony double-diffusion study revealed that the F11 monoclonal antibody is an immunoglobulin G1. The F11 monoclonal antibody reacted positively with seven of eight (88%) melanoma, five of five (100%) carcinoma, zero to five normal, and zero of two lymphoblastoid cell lines by indirect immunofluorescence test. Also, by indirect immunofluorescence test, F11 monoclonal antibody reacted with cryostat sections from four of five (80%) melanomas, six of seven (86%) carcinomas, zero of one benign nevus, and zero of two benign breast diseases. By the indirect avidin:biotin:peroxidase complex immunoperoxidase method, the F11 monoclonal antibody reacted positively with cryostat sections from five of five (100%) melanomas, five of five (100%) breast cancers, two of two (100%) colon cancers, zero of one benign nevus, and zero of one Hodgkin's disease spleen. Thus, the tumor-associated antigen that the F11 monoclonal antibody recognizes appears to be expressed by melanomas and carcinomas, hence the designation melanoma-carcinoma-associated antigen. Microscopic observations disclosed that the melanoma-carcinoma-associated antigen is present in the cytoplasm, on the membrane of melanoma and carcinoma cells, and in the lumen of glandular structures of breast and colon carcinomas. The molecular weight of the melanoma-carcinoma-associated antigen in spent medium from the M14 CEM cell line is 100,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate:polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of indirect immunoprecipitates obtained with the F11 monoclonal antibody. PMID- 7046919 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human lung tumor antigens demonstrated by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. AB - Various studies have demonstrated the usefulness of monoclonal antibodies in recognizing discrete tumor antigenic determinants. The present study describes the tissue reactivity of monoclonal antibodies prepared against a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Antigens were purified from the tumor extract by anti-beta 2 microglobulin affinity chromatography. These beta 2-associated antigens demonstrated tumor specificity by the leukocyte adherence inhibition assay. Antibody-secreting hybridomas were generated by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with mouse spleen cells immunized with purified tumor antigens. Hybridomas were selected by a solid-phase tumor membrane-binding immunoassay. The target specificity of the secreted monoclonal antibodies was ascertained by radioimmunoprecipitation analysis and indirect immunofluorescence on various human tumor and normal tissue sections. Monoclonal antibody-secreting hybridomas 48.4.8 and 48.4.2 secreted immunoglobulin that selectively immunoprecipitated polypeptide fragments from human lung tumor membrane antigens. Hybridoma 9.2.2 secreted antibody that was strongly positive by indirect immunofluorescence on all tested lung squamous cell carcinomas. Adjacent or intervening normal lung tissue did not display significant immunofluorescence. Adenocarcinomas of the lung were negative or focally positive when focal squamous cell differentiation was present. Oat cell carcinomas were negative. The secreted antibody did not significantly stain three extrapulmonary tumors or a variety of normal tissues. PMID- 7046920 TI - Species-specific activation of phenacetin into bacterial mutagens by hamster liver enzymes and identification of N-hydroxyphenacetin O-glucuronide as a promutagen in the urine. AB - Phenacetin was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in plate assays when liver fractions from Aroclor-treated hamsters, but not rats, were used. Its known or putative metabolites were synthesized; of these, N-hydroxyphenacetin and N acetoxyphenacetin were found to be mutagenic in liquid and plate assays, both requiring activation by liver fractions from Aroclor-treated hamsters. 2 Hydroxyphenacetin and 2-acetoxyphenacetin were nonmutagenic. N-Hydroxyphenetidine (the deacetylated metabolite of phenacetin) and p-nitrosophenetole were the only products that were found to be mutagenic per se when assayed under N2 in either Salmonella TA100 and TA100 NR (nitroreductase-deficient) strains. Phenacetin was administered to male BDVI rats and Syrian golden hamsters, and its urinary metabolites were deconjugated with beta-glucuronidase:arylsulfatase. After reactivation by hamsters liver fractions, mutagenicity was demonstrated in S. typhimurium TA100 with urine from phenacetin-treated hamsters, but not with that from rats. After treatment with deconjugating enzymes, N-hydroxyphenacetin was isolated from hamster urine by high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by mass spectral analysis. The data support the conclusions that (a) N hydroxyphenacetin is a proximate mutagenic metabolite of phenacetin which, after N-deacylation, is responsible for the mutagenicity observed in vitro and in the urine of hamsters and (b) the higher yield of N-hydroxyphenacetin that is formed in the liver of hamsters as compared to rats explains the pronounced species specific activation of phenacetin into bacterial mutagens. PMID- 7046921 TI - Endogenous hormones as a major factor in human cancer. AB - Hormone-related cancers account for almost 30% of all cancer cases in the United States. Data from animal experiments and from epidemiological and endocrinological studies in humans support the hypothesis that the individual hormones which control normal growth of target organs can also create the proper conditions for neoplastic transformation. The concept that hormones can cause, i.e., increase the incidence of, human cancer is most developed for the four hormone-related cancers which are numerically the most important, namely, breast, prostate, endometrium, and ovary. Even for these sites, large gaps remain in our knowledge of the responsible hormones and the conditions which create the optimal opportunity for carcinogenesis. Although scanty, the available epidemiological evidence also suggests a hormonal role in the pathogenesis of testis cancer, thyroid cancer, and osteosarcoma. We believe that the primary prevention of all these cancers will probably depend on modification of the factors which affect the secretion and metabolism of the responsible hormones rather than on control of exposure to classical exogenous initiators. PMID- 7046922 TI - Pharmacology of antiviral chemotherapeutic agents useful in human viral infections of the nervous system. AB - Several drugs that have antiviral activity and acceptably low toxicity for systemic use in humans have been discussed in this paper. For ara-A, acycloguanosine, and interferon, there is convincing evidence of effectiveness in limiting certain viral diseases of the nervous system. At this moment use of these drugs cannot be justified for benign, self-limiting, and uncomplicated viral diseases (e.g., localized herpes labialis). However, data from large controlled clinical trials are just beginning to be available and therefore the indications for use of these drugs may change rapidly. It is anticipated that these drugs will have a definite and welcome role in medical therapeutics. PMID- 7046923 TI - Tardive dyskinesia: pharmacology and clinical implications. AB - The basic pathogenesis of TD appears to relate to chronic pharmacologic denervation of specific dopaminergic receptor sites in the striatum. The pathophysiology of the disorder relates to the resultant denervation hypersensitivity. The mainstay of treatment includes withdrawal of neuroleptics when feasible and the use of dopamine-depleting agents. Enhancement of the striatal cholinergic input offers potential ancillary benefit to the alleviation of abnormal movements. The possibility of benefit from manipulating other neurotransmitters remains experimental. Treatment of TD with neuroleptics themselves is clearly treatment with the presumed offending agent and should be avoided. This shortsighted therapy may temporarily abate the pathophysiology of the condition, but it serves to aggravate its pathogenesis. PMID- 7046924 TI - Plasmapheresis (plasma exchange) in neurologic disorders. PMID- 7046925 TI - The role of intensive postinduction chemotherapy in the management of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 7046926 TI - Marrow transplantation for patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia who achieve a first remission. PMID- 7046928 TI - AMSA--a promising new agent in refractory acute leukemia. AB - Forty-five patients with various forms of acute leukemia refractory to usual methods of treatment were treated with AMSA at doses of 100-200 mg/m2 iv daily for 5-7 days, for total doses of 500-1000 mg/m2/course. Among 41 evaluable patients, six (15%) achieved complete remissions, including two of 19 patients with typical acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, none of four with atypical acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, two of nine with chronic granulocytic leukemia in blast crisis, two of eight with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and none of one with acute undifferentiated leukemia. Durations of complete remissions were 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, and 14 weeks. Four of the patients who died with infection during marrow hypoplasia 2-5 weeks after receiving AMSA had no evidence of leukemia on premortem bone marrow aspirates or postmortem examination. The primary toxic effects of AMSA were severe myelosuppression, stomatitis, and alopecia. One incident of life-threatening liver failure occurred. AMSA appears to be a promising agent for use in heavily pretreated patients with acute leukemia and chronic granulocytic leukemia in blast crisis. PMID- 7046927 TI - Therapy for patients with acute myelocytic leukemia who enter remission: bone marrow transplantation or chemotherapy? PMID- 7046929 TI - Clinical evaluation of succinylated Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase in adult leukemia. AB - We treated 13 adult patients with acute leukemia or chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) in blast phase using succinylated Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase (SAGA) administered on a daily dose schedule. SAGA reduced the peripheral blast count in two patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and two with blastic CML; however, no patient achieved either complete or partial remission. Marked central nervous system toxic effects (encephalopathy and coma) were observed, limiting treatment in patients whose disease appeared responsive; this effect finally prompted early discontinuance of the trial. Other toxic effects observed included nausea, hyperglycemia, and respiratory alkalosis. Hypersensitivity reactions to the enzyme were not seen. Pharmacologic analyses showed that prolonged blood glutamine depletion was achieved only by daily enzyme administration; however, we noted the importance of performing amino acid analysis on blood which was deproteinized immediately following phlebotomy. Our results demonstrate excessive central nervous system toxicity when glutaminase-asparaginase is administered on a daily schedule. Because of this effect, we propose that future trials of similar enzymes be limited to short courses of enzyme therapy, possibly with the addition of antimetabolites or amino acid analogs, which could enhance the antitumor effect without increasing toxicity. PMID- 7046930 TI - Essential thrombocythemia: response during first year of therapy with melphalan and radioactive phosphorus: a polycythemia Vera Study Group report. AB - Thirty-one patients with essential thrombocythemia were randomized to receive either melphalan or radioactive phosphorus as myelosuppressive therapy. Twenty seven patients were evaluable for response. Of 13 patients treated with melphalan, 11 had a complete response (platelet count less than 450,000/mm3) at 3 and 6 months. This response rate was significantly better than the response to radioactive phosphorus. The response rates were similar at 12 months. No significant toxicity was observed with either regimen. PMID- 7046931 TI - Management of pelvic complications of malignant urothelial tumors with combined intra-arterial and iv chemotherapy. AB - Twenty-nine patients with local-regional pelvic recurrences of malignant urothelial tumors were treated with combined intra-arterial and iv chemotherapy. 5-FU (1 g/m2) was infused daily for 5 days via bilateral percutaneously placed hypogastric catheters. Doxorubicin (25 mg/m2) was infused iv on Days 1 and 2 and mitomycin (5 mg/m2) was infused iv on Days 3 and 4 of each course. Seventeen patients (58%) demonstrated an objective decrease in the size of the pelvic mass. All four patients with one of the adenocarcinoma variants of malignant urothelial tumors responded to therapy, while the three patients with squamous transformation of a transitional cell carcinoma failed to respond. The median survival of the responding patients was significantly longer (52 weeks) than that of nonresponding patients (28 weeks) (P = 0.002). Patients with initial low volume pelvic disease demonstrated durable control of local residual tumors, with four of six patients having negative repeat cystoscopic examinations. PMID- 7046932 TI - Experience of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group with doxorubicin as a single agent in patients with previously untreated breast cancer. PMID- 7046933 TI - Trial of AMSA in acute leukemia. PMID- 7046934 TI - Structural studies on a polysaccharide from Shigella dysenteriae type 7. AB - The polysaccharide obtained from the O-somatic antigen of Shigella dysenteriae type 7 (strain NCTC 519/66) contains D-glucose, D-galactose, and 2-acetamido-2 deoxy-D-glucose in the mole ratios of 2:1-1. From the results of methylation, periodate oxidation, graded hydrolysis, and deamination studies, the structure assigned to the repeating unit of the polysaccharide is as follows, (formula: see text) Oxidation studies with chromium trioxide revealed the nature of the anomeric linkages of some of the sugar residues in the polysaccharide. PMID- 7046935 TI - Structural and immunological studies of the Escherichia coli K7 (K56) capsular polysaccharide. AB - The structure of the Escherichia coli K7 capsular polysaccharide has been investigated by a combination of chemical and spectroscopic methods. The Structure of the repeating unit of the polymer was found to be goes to 3)-beta-D ManNAcA-(1 leads to 4)-beta-D-Glc-(1 goes to ; the O-6 atom of the D-glucosyl residue in the repeating unit is acetylated. The K7 polysaccharide is cross reactive with the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 polysaccharide, the structure of which had previously been determined; our n.m.r. studies of the S. pneumoniae type 3 polysaccharide are in accord with this structure. The E. coli K7 and K56 capsular antigens have been shown by serology and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy to be identical. PMID- 7046936 TI - Drug-nutrient interaction. AB - The effect of certain drugs on nutrient metabolism is discussed. Antituberculotic drugs such as INH and cycloserine interfere with vitamin B6 metabolism and may produce a secondary niacin deficiency. Oral contraceptives interfere with the metabolism of folic acid and ascorbic acid, and in cases of deficient nutrition, they also seem to interfere with riboflavin. Anticonvulsants can act as folate antagonists and precipitate folic acid deficiency. Therefore, in some cases, supplementation with folate has been recommended simultaneously with anticonvulsant therapy. Cholestyramine therapy has been associated with malabsorption of vitamins; several reports suggest that cholestyramine affects absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins K and D and, in addition, may alter water soluble vitamins, including folic acid. The study of the interaction of drugs and nutrients is an area that deserves a greater attention in the future, especially in groups where nutrient deficiencies may be prevalent. PMID- 7046937 TI - Propranolol-hydrochlorothiazide combination in essential hypertension. AB - The effect of a propranolol-hydrochlorothiazide combination tablet was compared with the effects of its two components alone in the twice-daily treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension (100 to 125 mmHg diastolic blood pressure). Propranolol alone or in combination was given at 80, 160, 240, or 320 mg/day; hydrochlorothiazide, at 50 mg/day. After a 3-week placebo period, a 12-week single-blind dose-finding test with the combination was held: 149/158 (94%) patients had decreases greater than or equal to 10 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. Mean systolic and diastolic pressures were reduced by 26.6 mmHg 917%) and 19.2 mmHg (18.6%), respectively (P less than 0.001). A 10-week double-blind parallel treatment test followed, in which patients were assigned by random code to combination tablet, propranolol, or hydrochlorothiazide. There were significantly larger increases (P less than 0.05) in mean systolic or diastolic pressure with each component than with the combination from the end of dose finding to each of the last four biweekly visits, to the mean of those four visits, and to the endpoint (last visit). The mean increases in pressure at the endpoint evaluation were (systolic/diastolic): combination (n = 47), 3.0/1.5 mmHg; propranolol (n = 51), 10.2/6.3 mmHg; hydrochlorothiazide (n = 52), 13.1/9.3 mmHg. During the double-blind period, no significant differences were demonstrated between the proportions of patients in each treatment group reporting new complaints. This study showed the combination to be as safe as, and more effective than, either component given at the same dose strength. PMID- 7046938 TI - Preparation of partially decalcified sections of human dental enamel for electron microscopy. PMID- 7046939 TI - [110 years in the development of the First Internal Medicine Clinic in Prague]. PMID- 7046940 TI - [The Beginnings and development of research into liver diseases, particularly hepatitis and its prevention in Czechoslovakia. Retrospective view (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046941 TI - [Myocardial infarction in diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046942 TI - [Radiodiagnosis of barotrauma complicating controlled respiration during treatment for shock lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046943 TI - [Low-energy diet and hormonal regulation in obese individuals. Secretion of glucagon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046944 TI - [Twenty years of the Czechoslovak Society Nephrology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046945 TI - Ontogenetic aspects of immune-complex trapping in the spleen and popliteal lymph nodes of the rat. AB - An ontogenetic approach was used to obtain information about the relation between structure and function of lymphoid tissues. In particular the development of the capacity to trap immune complexes was studied in relation to the development of the lymphoid compartments. For this purpose isologous horseradish (HRP)-ant-HRP complexes were injected into neonatal rats, and their fate was studied in the spleen and popliteal lymph nodes. Immune-complex trapping occurred as soon as primary follicles could be recognized; without follicles no trapping was observed. Several explanations for this simultaneous development of trapping capacity and follicular structure are discussed. PMID- 7046946 TI - S-100-like immunoreactivity in a planarian. An immunochemical and immunocytochemical study. AB - The presence of an S-100-like immunoreactivity was investigated in the planarian Dugesia gonocephala. By microcomplement fixation assay, measurable amounts of S 100-like immunoreactive material (0.11 microgram/mg soluble protein) were detected in planarian high-speed supernatants. The index of immunological dissimilarity between ox S-100 and planarian S-100-like immunoreactive material was higher than that previously calculated between ox S-100 and all the vertebrates tested. By the immunohistochemical PAP method, S-100-like immunoreactivity was only detectable in the cilia of the epidermal cells. Although the biological meaning of S-100-like immunoreactivity in planarian remains to be clarified, the present data introduce new perspectives into the investigation of S-100. PMID- 7046947 TI - Postnatal appearance of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-like material in the pineal gland of the rat. AB - Immunoreactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-like material has been demonstrated in the pineal gland of the adult rat. The objective of the present study was to examine the ontogenetic development of this LHRH-like substance in the rat pineal with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method of Sternberger. LHRH-like immunoreactive material was not observed in pineal glands of newborn rats. The amount of material increased progressively from the 6th-12th day of postnatal development. On day 12, the amount of LHRH-like immunoreactivity was consistent and comparable in all pineal glands of male and female animals examined. PMID- 7046949 TI - Treadmilling of tubulin and actin. PMID- 7046948 TI - Enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons in the guinea-pig hypothalamus. AB - An ultrastructural study of enkephalin-immunoreactive perikarya forming a hypothalamic nucleus, the magnocellular dorsal nucleus (MDN), was carried out in colchicine-treated guinea pigs. These large cells usually contain a well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, a prominent Golgi complex and neurosecretory granules approximately 100 nm in diameter. These granules are not numerous and sometimes appear preferentially located in the periphery of the cytoplasm. Using the PAP method on ultrathin sections, the immunostaining obtained with anti-enkephalin antisera is essentially confined to the granules but also to some ribosomes linked to membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. These images suggest that the cells of the MDN synthetize the enkephalin-related peptide. Around the perikarya many nerve terminals are observed and many of them make axosomatic synaptic contacts. The exact nature of these nerve endings as well as the projection of these enkephalin-containing cells remain to be established. PMID- 7046950 TI - Electron microscopic visualization of recA-DNA filaments: evidence for a cyclic extension of duplex DNA. AB - As visualized by electron microscopy, RecA protein binds in a highly cooperative manner to single-stranded fd DNA in solutions of 0.01 M Tris (pH 7.5). The resulting nucleoprotein filament loops are 1.25 micrometers in length, have a fiber diameter of 12 nm and show an indication of a 4.5 nm repeat along the axis of the compact fibers. RecA binds to linear duplex fd DNA in solutions of 0.01 M Tris (pH 7.5) to yield chains of beads which, in the presence of Mg2+ and ATP, coalesce into smooth filaments with a length of 1.9 micrometers (the length of protein-free fd duplex DNA) and have a fiber diameter of 12 nm. In solutions containing Mg2+ and ATP-gamma-S, however, RecA binds to duplex DNA in a highly cooperative manner to yield rigid filaments 3.0 micrometers in length. These filaments are 12 nm in diameter and show a very clear 7.5 nm axial repeat. This extension of DNA to 150% of its usual length in the apparent absence of any single-stranded components suggests that the DNA helix must also be highly unwound and provides new insights into the mode of RecA action. PMID- 7046951 TI - Sequential changes of thymocyte surface antigens with presence or absence of graft-vs-host reaction following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7046952 TI - Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: identification and dynamics of T and B cells within the central nervous system. PMID- 7046953 TI - Macrophages migration inhibition by complement activators, migration inhibitory factor, and Lotus fucolectin: evidence for common involvement of cell-associated esterase activity. PMID- 7046954 TI - Production of macrophage activation factor by a T-cell hybridoma. PMID- 7046955 TI - Filament patterns associated with in vitro motility of human carcinoma cells. PMID- 7046956 TI - [100 years of Czech pharmacy journals]. PMID- 7046957 TI - [The Czech Pharmacy Journal and its forerunners]. PMID- 7046958 TI - [Editors of the Czech Pharmacy Journal]. PMID- 7046959 TI - [Is there a danger of high doses of ascorbic acid?]. PMID- 7046960 TI - [Prenatal treatment of hypotrophic foetuses by long-term glucose infusions. VII. Glucose tolerance tests performed in newborns prenatally treated for foetal hypotrophy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046961 TI - [Study of sclera in healthy eyes by scanning electron microscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046962 TI - [Corneoscleral transplantations used in pathologic affections of the corneal limbus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7046963 TI - [60th anniversary of the founding of Czechoslovak phoniatry by Dr. Miloslav Seeman]. PMID- 7046964 TI - [Dr. Eva Sedlacek and Czechoslovak phoniatry]. PMID- 7046965 TI - [The hyperoxia test using transcutaneous oxygen tension monitoring in critically ill newborn infants]. PMID- 7046966 TI - [The work of Alfred Grotjahn and his influence on the development of social medicine in Bohemia. I]. PMID- 7046967 TI - Non-random binding of N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylamino-fluorene to chromatin subunits as visualized by immunoelectron microscopy. AB - The influence of chromatin structure on the accessibility of DNA to the model ultimate carcinogen N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-Aco-AAF) was investigated by means of an immunoelectron microscopic technique developed recently. An homogeneous population of core particles or trinucleosomes from chicken erythrocytes, was submitted to electrophilic attack by N-Aco-AAF. After DNA isolation, N-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) binding sites were mapped upon the DNA fragments using specific antibodies as a probe. Our results indicate a non random binding of AAF along the DNA. Our data support the results of previous studies showing a preferential binding on the linker region. PMID- 7046968 TI - Cytotoxic effect of the culture supernatant of Clostridium tetani. PMID- 7046969 TI - The use of differential scanning calorimetry and differential thermal analysis in studies of model and biological membranes. AB - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and to a lesser extent differential thermal analysis (DTA), are powerful yet relatively rapid and inexpensive thermodynamic techniques for studying the thermotropic phase behavior of lipids in model and biological membranes, without the introduction of exogenous probe molecules. In this review the principles as well as the scope and limitations of DSC and DTA are discussed first. The application of these techniques to the study of the thermotropic phase behavior of aqueous dispersions of various single synthetic phospholipids are then summarized, and the effects of cholesterol, free fatty acids, lysophospholipids, drugs, anesthetics and proteins on the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transitions exhibited by these model systems are discussed. The phase mixing properties of model membranes consisting of mixtures of two or more synthetic or natural phospholipids are considered next. Finally, the thermotropic phase behavior of prokaryotic plasma membranes and of the plasma, microsomal and mitochondrial membranes of eukaryotic cells are reviewed, and the applications of DSC and DTA to study the thermal behavior of specific membrane proteins, as well as the physical properties of the membrane lipid phase, are summarized. PMID- 7046970 TI - [Current trends in surgical infections of the gallbladder and bile ducts]. PMID- 7046971 TI - [Identification of the recurrent nerve in thyroid surgery]. PMID- 7046972 TI - [Solitary ulcer of the rectum]. AB - The Author reports a case of solitary ulcer of the rectum. The most likely pathogenetic hypothesis seems to be linked to hypertonia of the fasciae of the puborectal muscle and the consequent traumatic and ischaemic attacks on the mucosa of the rectal ampulla anterior wall. Diagnosis of solitary ulcer of the rectum is essentially a differential diagnosis versus ulcerated carcinoma and the various inflammatory and infectious ulcerative diseases of the rectum. The rapid evolution of the reported case towards complete cure occurs in only 6% of cases, whereas chronic evolution or the rise of complications is characteristic. PMID- 7046973 TI - [Intestinal subocclusion caused by lymphoma of the small intestine]. AB - Primitive gastrointestinal lymphomas constitute a rare pathological event, may involve any part of the gastrointestinal tube, and normally belong to the non hodgkin variety. They do not present characteristic symptoms as compared with what can be found in other gastrointestinal lesions whether neoplastic or inflammatory. Radiologically and endoscopically they do not evidence any particular aspects, so that they can be confused with other diseases (gastroduodenal ulcer, benign tumours, epithelial malignant tumours). For such primitive forms, radical surgical treatment constitutes the first treatment and undoubtedly the fundamental form, with which radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be associated. In addition to a review of the literature, the Authors examine a case of intestinal lymphoma complicated by a picture of subocclusion. PMID- 7046974 TI - Metoclopramide in the reduction of nausea and vomiting associated with combined chemotherapy. AB - The nausea and vomiting associated with combination chemotherapy is a serious cause of morbidity. Though widely used, metoclopramide has not previously been shown, in controlled studies, to be of benefit in reducing these side-effects. A double blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of IV and oral metoclopramide is reported, based on 117 courses of chemotherapy. Of 59 courses in which metoclopramide was given, vomiting was prevented in 28 (47%), compared with only 10 of 58 (17%) in the control group, a highly significant (P less than 0.001) improvement. The importance of adequate dosage of metoclopramide and the role of IV metoclopramide are emphasized. PMID- 7046975 TI - Increased survival due to radioactive estradiol in mice with C3HBA or BW 10232 tumors. AB - The influence of progesterone and estradiol labeled with tritium was studied in mice inoculated with transplantable mammary adenocarcinomas C3HBA or BW 10232. Tumor size, tumor growth rate, and host survival were measured. Radioactive [3H]estradiol administration increased survival time and inhibited tumor growth in mice inoculated with these tumor lines. Tumor growth retardation depended on the amount of radioactivity injected and nonradioactive estradiol was without any salutary effect on tumor size or host survival. Neither survival times nor tumor growth rate were altered by radioactive [3H]progesterone. The underlying mechanism(s) is (are) referable to ionizing radiation by the specific carrier estradiol or to an isotope effect of [3H]estradiol. PMID- 7046976 TI - Mutagenic activity of three isomeric N-nitroso-N-methylaminopyridines towards Escherichia coli K-12 in in vitro and animal-mediated assays. AB - Three isomeric nitrosomethylaminopyridines (2-NMPY, 3-NMPY, and 4-NMPY), of which only the 2-isomer exerts significant carcinogenic activity in rats, were tested in vitro and in the host-mediated assay for their activity to induce gene mutations in E. coli K-12 strain 343/113. Two related carcinogenic nitrosamines were also tested, namely, nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and nitrosomethylaniline (NMA). The in vitro mutagenicity tests were performed either without or in the presence of various fractions (S-9, microsomes, S-100) of rodent liver homogenates. The in vivo mutagenicity was determined in host-mediated assays, in which the indicator E. coli cells were recovered for the liver of treated animals. In experiments involving the S-9 liver fraction, only 2-NMPY among the nitrosomethylaminopyridines exerted a slight mutagenic effect. The low mutagenicity of this isomer, and the non-mutagenicity of the remaining 3- and 4 isomer could be partly explained in experiments involving microsomes and the S 100 fraction of rodent liver: 2-NMPY and 4-NMPY were activated to mutagenic factors by microsomes, but their mutagenic effect was completely abolished when S 100 was added. 3-NMPY, on the other hand, was directly mutagenic for E. coli but, again, its mutagenic potential was abolished when S-100 liver fraction was added to the incubation mixtures. NDMA was activated to mutagenic factors with both microsomes and S-9 fractions, whereas NMA could not be shown as mutagenically active under any of the present experimental conditions. It could be shown that the deactivating effect of the S-100 fraction was of nonenzymatic nature, and probably was due to the presence of thiol-containing "scavenger" molecules in this fraction. In the host-mediated assays, only the 2-isomer among the three exerted a mutagenic affect. The present results indicate that the three isomers investigated here are mutagenic either directly (3-NMPY) or upon microsomal activation (2-NMPY and 4-NMPY). The non-carcinogenicity of 3-NMPY and 4-NMPY, and the non-mutagenicity of these compounds in host-mediated assays, is probably the result of very efficient deactivation by cytosolic (thiol-group containing?)factors. PMID- 7046977 TI - Photoactivated aflatoxins are mutagens to Salmonella typhimurium and bind covalently to DNA in vitro. AB - The mutagenesis of Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and covalent binding in vitro of photoactivated aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2) were investigated. Covalent binding levels of 1140, 225, 330 and 8 pmol aflatoxin per mumol nucleotide phosphate were obtained for AFB1, AFG1, AFB2 and AFG2, respectively, at 50 microM mycotoxin after 2 h of irradiation. Mutant frequencies to histidine prototrophy wre 97, 19, 49 and 0 x 10(-6) for AFB1, AFG1, AFB2 and AFG2 respectively, after 2 h irradiation at 100 microM mycotoxin in the surviving fraction of the mutagenized cultures. Toxicity to Salmonella was 0.59, 0.03, 0.31 and 0 lethal hits under the conditions specified for mutagenesis for AFB1, AFG1, AFB2 and AFG2, respectively. PMID- 7046978 TI - Role of DNA repair in ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced reversion of two sites which revert preferentially by GC to AT transitions, cycl-131 and cycl-115, has been examined in readiation sensitive, rad, mutants of yeast belonging to the rad52 epistasis group. The rad50, rad51, rad52, rad54 and rad56 mutants showed reducted reversion of both tester sites when stationary phase diploid cells were treated with EMS. No correlation was found between EMS-induced reversion and EMS-induced homologous mitotic intragenic recombination. Survival of rad6 rad52 double mutants following EMS treatment indicates that there is one epistasis group for the repair of EMS induced lethal damage in yeast. A model involving misrepair mutagenesis of specific lesions is proposed to account for the experimental results. PMID- 7046979 TI - In vitro mutagenic activity of 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4 carboxamide (DTIC) in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. AB - The in vitro mutagenic activity of 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4 carboxamide (DTIC), has been studied in bacteria and Chinese hamster cells with and without metabolic activation by rat liver microsomes. DTIC was found to be highly mutagenic in the two systems. It is noteworthy that DTIC in the prokaryotic systems did not require metabolic activation to be effective. By comparing the mutagenic activity on bacteria of DTIC and of its monomethyl-and hydroxy-methyl-derivatives (MIC and HMIC), it is evident that MIC and HMIC display a pattern of mutagenicity different from DTIC. It suggests that neither MIC nor HMIC are the direct responsible metabolites for the mutagenic activity of DTIC in bacteria. PMID- 7046980 TI - Mutagenicity and synthesis of alpha-substituted N-nitrosamines: derivatives with dithiocarbamic acid. AB - Disulfiram (DSF) can considerably alter the organotropy of chemical carcinogens. For N-nitrosodimethylamine and for N-nitrosodiethylamine the organotropy is shifted from the liver to the nasal cavity or the oesophagus, respectively. Whereas the influence of DSF or its metabolites on enzyme systems has been studied, little is known about its interaction with the carcinogens at a molecular level. Therefore, postulated reaction products of a series of alpha hydroxylated N-nitroso-dialkylamines and dithiocarbamate were synthesized and tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535. The results show that the compounds conjugated at a primary alpha-C-atom are not mutagenic, whereas those conjugated at a secondary alpha-C-atom are active. The primary N-nitroso dithiocarbamates represent unique examples of inactivated dialkyl-nitrosamine derivatives. In addition, their formation in vitro was indirectly demonstrated. The possible role these inactivated compounds may play during the DSF-modulation of carcinogenesis will be discussed. PMID- 7046981 TI - Mutagens produced by the pyrolysis of opium and its alkaloids as possible risk factors in cancer of the bladder and oesophagus. AB - Samples of opium pipe scrapings (opium dross, called sukhteh locally), but not of crude opium, collected in an area with a high incidence of oesophageal cancer in north-east Iran, were shown to contain pro-mutagens, producing mostly frameshift mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1538 and TA98 after metabolic activation. Pyrolysis of opium and of its major alkaloid, morphine, yielded smoke condensates with mutagenic activities 10 and 100 times higher, respectively, than that of the sukhteh samples tested. Heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and primary aromatic amines present at different concentrations in these three pyrolysates are considered to be the major active principles. Opium addiction has been implicated as a risk factor in bladder cancer in humans and the ingestion of opium pyrolysates, in conjunction with dietary deficiencies, may be related to the high incidence of oesophageal cancer in north-east Iran, although causality has not been established. PMID- 7046982 TI - Relationships between the biological effects and chemical structure of the genotoxic mycotoxin, botryodiplodin. PMID- 7046983 TI - Potent antiviral 2'-fluoro-arabinosyl pyrimidine nucleosides: lack of mutagenic activity. AB - The carcinogenicity of many drugs, such as antitumor agents, is a subject of growing concern. The newly developed pyrimidine nucleosides, 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-1 beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (FIAC) and 2'-fluoro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5 methyluracil (FMAU), have shown potent anti-herpes virus activity in tissue cultures, laboratory animals and man and an activity to inhibit the growth of certain tumor cell lines in vitro. Radioactivity of 14C-labeled FIAC and FMAU is incorporated into the DNA of normal and neoplastic mammalian tissues. However, we now report that FIAC and FMAU are inactive in a bacterial mutagenesis assay (Salmonella-microsome test) and in a mammalian cell mutagenesis assay employing V79 Chinese hamster cells in vitro. Both agents did not induce unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary Wistar rat hepatocytes in vitro. PMID- 7046984 TI - Mutagen formation after the addition of nitrite to normal human gastric juice. AB - The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recently recommended the use of a simple in vitro test (Nitrosation Assay Procedure, NAP) to allow the ranking of orally administered drugs. It was suggested that the ranking of drugs should be carried out on a reactivity scale, according to their ability to nitrosate in the presence of high concentrations of nitrite at low pH (3-4). The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of adding the concentration of nitrite recommended for the NAP Test (40 mM) to normal fasting human gastric juice. The data clearly demonstrate that such treatment results in the formation of derivatives with specific mutagenic activity for the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium TA1537. This strain was recommended for use in the NAP Test. Although the NAP Test may be valid for its original purpose, in the absence of more physiologically relevant data it is invalid for use as a final arbiter in risk benefit assessments. The possible formation of mutagenic species as a result of the nitrosation of natural gastric secretions should be considered when any risk benefit assessment is made. PMID- 7046985 TI - Dedication: William Schumer, M.D. PMID- 7046986 TI - Influence of the salt moiety on the effectiveness of corticosteroid therapy in cardiogenic shock. AB - Using closed chest coronary artery microsphere embolization, myocardial infarction and subsequent shock were produced in healthy adult mongrel dogs. Following infarction animals were distributed among the following groups: (1) control; (2) methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS); (3) methylprednisolone sodium phosphate (MPSP); (4) sodium phosphate (SP); and (5) sodium succinate (SS). Drug doses of equivalent anti-inflammatory activity were administered i.v. 15 min after infarction. Compared to control animals, only dogs treated with MPSS exhibited significant improvements in hemodynamic parameters and permanent survival. Survival in MPSS dogs was significantly (P = 0.02) better than that of either group treated with SP or SS and substantially (P = 0.02) better than that of either group treated with SP or SS and substantially (P = 0.065) better than the survival rate of dogs receiving MPSP. It appears that succinate is permissive, while phosphate is restrictive, with respect to efficacy of methylprednisolone in experimental cardiogenic shock. Possible explanations for these observations are discussed. PMID- 7046987 TI - Role of the RES in the pathogenesis of endotoxic hypoglycemia. AB - The role of the RES in the alteration of glucose homeostasis was evaluated in male rats treated with S enteritidis endotoxin. Depression of hepatic gluconeogenesis coupled to enhanced peripheral glucose use was substantiated in vivo using the primed-constant infusion technique with 2-3H-D glucose. Immuno reactive insulin was elevated in the early hyperglycemic phase but declined in endotoxic hypoglycemia. NSILA was elevated in late endotoxin shock. Two monokines -macrophage insulin-like activity (MILA) and macrophage insulin releasing activity (MIRA)--are related to the pathogenesis of endotoxic hypoglycemia. PMID- 7046988 TI - Prostacyclin-induced acute pulmonary vasodilation in primary pulmonary hypertension. AB - To evaluate the effects of prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2) on pulmonary vascular tone in primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), we performed right-heart catheterization on seven patients with PPH and made hemodynamic measurements before and after infusing incremental doses of prostacyclin. In maximal doses of 2-12 mg/kg/min (mean 5.7 +/0 3.1 ng/kg/min), prostacyclin reduced mean pulmonary arterial pressure from 62 +/- 15 to 55 +/- 16 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) and total pulmonary resistance from 17.1 +/- 8.7 to 9.7 +/- 5.9 units (p less than 0.005), and increased cardiac output from 4.22 +/- 1.64 to 6.57 +/- 2.04 l/min (p less than 0.01). Heart rate increased from 83 +/- 13 to 94 +/- 11 beats/min (p = 0.1) and mean systemic arterial pressure decreased from 90 +/- 12 to 77 +/- 4 mm Hg (p = 0.055). Three patients who received a continuous infusion of prostacyclin for 24-48 hours had sustained reductions in total pulmonary resistance during the infusion period. These data demonstrate that prostacyclin can increase cardiac output and reduce pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance in PPH. PMID- 7046989 TI - Preoperative and postoperative renin levels in coarctation of the aorta. AB - We studied plasma renin activity (PRA) in eight children before and after surgical correction of aortic coarctation. These eight children underwent a combination of low-sodium diet and diuresis before surgery, and PRA was measured shortly thereafter. Thirty-two to 51 months after successful surgical correction, PRA was measured again. The mean PRA was 21.4 +/- 1.3 ng/ml/hour (+/- SD) preoperatively and 5.5 +/- 1.5 ng/ml/hour postoperatively. These findings provide further evidence of the significance of increased renin-angiotensin activity in patients with aortic coarctation. PMID- 7046990 TI - A double-blind randomized trial of propranolol and verapamil in the treatment of effort angina. AB - In 18 patients with stable effort angina, verapamil, 80 mg four times daily, was compared with propranolol, 80 mg four times daily, in a double-blind, placebo controlled trial to assess the effects on anginal threshold, exercise capacity and left ventricular function measured by gated equilibrium blood pool scanning. Both propranolol and verapamil improved exercise capacity (placebo 424 +/- 135 W min; propranolol 513 +/- 168 W-min, p less than 0.01; verapamil 545 +/- 215 W min, p less than 0.005) and prolonged the time to 1 mm of ST depression (placebo 4.5 +/- 1.3 minutes; propranolol 7.4 +/- 1.4 minutes, p less than 0.005; verapamil 6.6 +/- 1.9 minutes, p less than 0.005). At rest, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction did not change significantly during drug therapy (placebo 57 +/- 13%, propranolol 55 +/- 12%, verapamil 55 +/- 13%). While taking placebo, all 18 patients had a decrease in exercise ejection fraction. In contrast, 12 patients taking propranolol and 14 patients taking verapamil had a 5% or greater increase in ejection fraction during exercise. Verapamil is an effective primary therapy and a satisfactory alternative to propranolol in patients with stable effort angina. PMID- 7046991 TI - Creatine kinase isoenzyme assay. PMID- 7046992 TI - Methylmalonic acidemia with the unusual complication of severe hyperglycemia. AB - We describe a case of neonatal methylmalonic acidemia with the unusual complication of severe, insulin-resistant hyperglycemia. Methylmalonic acidemia, an inherited metabolic disease affecting the catabolism of propionic acid, is manifested by persistent metabolic acidosis, urinary excretion of large amounts of methylmalonic acid, and occasionally by hypoglycemia. Severe and persistent metabolic acidosis and hyperglycemia, despite large doses of insulin, were observed in this infant, who excreted large amounts of methylmalonic acid. The diagnosis of methylmalonic acidemia was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, but the patient died before the defect in glucose tolerance could be delineated. We hypothesize that, in addition to the methylmalonic acidemia, the patient may have had an insulin-receptor defect, which was manifested as an inappropriate response to endogenous and exogenous insulin. PMID- 7046993 TI - Automating assay of methotrexate. PMID- 7046994 TI - High levels of immunoreactive nervous system-specific enolase in sera of patients with neuroblastoma. AB - Serum levels of nervous system-specific enolase (NSE, gamma gamma form plus alpha gamma form) in patients with neuroblastoma and in control subjects were determined with a sensitive solid-phase sandwich enzyme immunoassay system. Serum levels of NSE in healthy adults ranged from 1.4-5.7 ng/ml (2.87 +/- 1.18 ng/ml, n = 20), and in control children (1-7 years old) from 2.6 to 10.8 ng/ml (5.76 +/- 2.42 ng/ml, n = 20). Serum samples (n = 13) from patients with neuroblastoma contained high levels of NSE, range 13.6 to 330 ng/ml (mean 96 ng/ml); however those (n = 7) from ganglioneuroblastoma patients were within a normal range (3.0 25.0 ng/ml; mean 8.3 ng/ml). These results suggested that the NSE in serum might be a valuable marker substance for screening and therapeutic monitoring of neuroblastoma. PMID- 7046995 TI - Measurement of SP1 in samples with varying SP1 alpha: SP1 beta ratios. AB - Mixtures containing a fixed amount of SP1 alpha, increasing amounts of SP1 beta and vice versa have been measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, by enzyme immunoassay and by radioimmunoassay. Both proteins have immunological determinants which react with standard antisera to SP1 and the value obtained for any particular mixture is dependent on the ratio of the proteins. The effect of the ratio on measurement by immunoelectrophoresis is different from that on measurement by enzyme immunoassay or radioimmunoassay. As these two proteins exist together in the blood of pregnant women, Results obtained by the two types of assay cannot be compared. Even with the same method the results will depend on the ratio which varies from subject to subject. It is concluded that until specific measurements for SP1 alpha and SP1 beta are designed, clinical application studies must be viewed with reserve. PMID- 7046996 TI - A new enzyme immunoassay system suitable for field use and its application in a snake venom detection kit. AB - A new rapid enzyme immunoassay (EIA) field kit for the detection of antigen in clinical specimens is reported. A kit for the detection and identification of snake venom in specimens collected from envenomated patients is described as an example of such a field kit. Tabulated data were obtained from a pilot study in which kits were issued to hospitals and laboratories reporting regular admission of snake bitten patients or presentation of specimens from such patients. Questionnaires returned from participants in the trial indicated that the test configuration was highly acceptable and an excellent correlation was obtained between clinical diagnosis and the detection and identification of snake venom in specimens of blood, urine or bite-site swab washings. PMID- 7046997 TI - Nitrocellulose immunofixation following agarose electrophoresis in the study of immunoglobulin G subgroups in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid. AB - A method is presented which enables the study of cerebrospinal fluid proteins in minimal volumes of unconcentrated fluid. The method involves agarose electrophoresis followed by transfer of the proteins to a nitrocellulose membrane and then demonstration of their distribution using a double-antibody immunoperoxidase technique. The method is used here for the study of immunoglobulin G and its subgroups, and clearly shows that the oligoclonal pattern observed in multiple sclerosis is not restricted to any one subgroup. PMID- 7046998 TI - Comparison of direct and indirect two-site binding enzyme immunoassay. AB - Rabbit IgG, directed against HBsAg, was purified by positive and by negative affinity chromatography and applied in horseradish peroxidase labelled as well as in unlabelled form in the direct and indirect two-site binding enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Comparing direct and indirect assay the latter is more sensitive and less conjugate consuming. In contrast to the indirect assay in which antibodies, purified by positive affinity chromatography, do not alter detection limit, a 4- to 8-fold higher sensitivity was achieved in the direct EIA in contrast to antibodies, purified by negative affinity chromatography. In the indirect EIA unlabelled second and labelled third antibodies were incubated successively as well as simultaneously. The latter procedure shortened the assay time but needed antibodies purified by positive affinity chromatography and a 10-fold higher conjugate concentration. Greatest sensitivity was obtained in the indirect EIA by the use of labelled second and labelled third antibodies (20-30 ng/l HBsAg). PMID- 7046999 TI - Human postheparin plasma hepatic lipase activity against triacylglycerol and phospholipid substrates. AB - Recent evidence has suggested that the major physiological substrate of the heparin-releasable (postheparin plasma) hepatic lipase is HDL2-phospholipid. However, all the current assay methods for this enzyme are based on the use of triacylglycerol substrate. Even though both lipolytic activities of hepatic lipase are likely to be due to a single enzyme it is possible that the use of unphysiological lipid as a substrate may give misleading results. Therefore we did parallel assays of the activity of postheparin plasma hepatic lipase using triacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol and phospholipid substrates. The correlation coefficients between the three lipolytic activities were 0.95-0.98, indicating that identical results are obtained using any of these three lipids in the assay of postheparin plasma hepatic lipase. PMID- 7047000 TI - Biochemical and clinical effects of fenclofenac in thyrotoxicosis. AB - Administration of the anti-inflammatory drug fenclofenac (600 mg bd) for 28 days to four females with thyrotoxicosis resulted in a rapid decline in thyroid hormone levels. The mean total thyroxine (T4) level of 173 +/- 8.6 (SEM) nmol/l before therapy was normalized to 70 +/- 6.4 nmol/l after administration of the drug for 7 days. Free T4 levels also decreased significantly but not to within the reference range in all subjects. Mean total triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse T3 levels declined from 6.2 +/- 0.9 nmol/l and 0.63 +/- 0.2 nmol/l respectively before therapy to 3.8 +/- 0.5 nmol/l and 0.52 +/- 0.1 nmol/l after 7 days' treatment but remained consistently elevated in all subjects. Clinical thyroid status remained unchanged despite these marked reductions in circulating thyroid hormone levels, suggesting that fenclofenac was of no therapeutic benefit. PMID- 7047001 TI - Serum lipids, postheparin plasma lipase activities and glucose tolerance in patients with prolactinoma. AB - Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were determined in forty-seven women with prolactinoma and in eighty-four age- and weight-matched control women. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed and postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) activities were determined in twelve patients before and after transsphenoidal removal of the prolactinoma. The mean levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly higher in patients than in controls. The 90% cut-off line of controls for serum cholesterol was exceeded by 36% and that for serum triglyceride by 23% of the patients. The triglyceride levels were raised only in patients with GH-deficiency whereas patients with normal GH secretion had normal triglyceride. Plasma LPL activity was significantly reduced whereas plasma HL activity was in the upper range of normal. After the removal of prolactinoma the serum prolactin levels decreased in all patients and seven started to menstruate. The oral glucose tolerance was improved and the plasma insulin response decreased. Serum lipid levels and the lipase activities, however, did not change. CONCLUSION: prolactinoma is associated with metabolic abnormalities characterized by hyperlipidaemia, low plasma LPL activity and insulin resistance. PMID- 7047002 TI - Corticosteroid-induced osteopenia and vitamin D metabolism. Effect of vitamin D2, calcium phosphate and sodium fluoride administration. AB - Thirty-one patients scheduled for long-term (24 weeks) treatment with prednisone in comparatively high doses were randomly allocated to two further treatment groups. Group A received prednisone plus 'triple-treatment' (vitamin D2 45000 iu twice weekly, sodium fluoride 50 mg and calcium phosphate 4.5 g daily), group B received only prednisone. The study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of prednisone- and triple-treatment upon bone mineral content (BMC) and vitamin D metabolism. The groups were comparable with regard to age, sex and prednisone dose. BMC fell rapidly and similarly in both groups, demonstrating that the triple-treatment has no preventive effect on corticosteroid induced osteopenia. Serum concentrations of 25OHD2, 25OHD3 and 1,25(OH)2D were unchanged in group B (without triple-treatment), whereas in group A 25OHD2 increased enormously, 25OHD3 was suppressed possibly by substrate competition for hydroxylation in the liver and 1,25(OH)2D was halved. The suppression of 1,25(OH)2D may be an effect of raised 25OHD2 alone, or in combination with corticosteroid excess. PMID- 7047003 TI - Studies on the mechanism of the synergistic antihypertensive activity of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide following acute administration in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), captopril at 30 and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) at 100 mg/kg/day p.o. for 2 days lowered mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) 16 and 10 mm Hg, respectively. Treatment with the combination of captopril plus HCTZ for one day lowered MABP to the same extent as captopril alone, but produced a synergistic 44 mm Hg MABP lowering after the second day combination treatment. Bilateral ureteral ligation did not prevent the synergistic antihypertensive effect demonstrating that removal of electrolytes was not the cause of this effect. Cardiovascular responses to angiotensin-I and -II, norepinephrine or bradykinin did not differ in rats given the combination or captopril alone. After the combination treatment for one day, captopril but not HCTZ alone on the second day lowered MABP in rats to the same degree as in those receiving the combination treatment for 2 days, suggesting that the diuretic action per se is unimportant. Captopril and HCTZ increased plasma renin activity (PRA) but only the combination of captopril and HCTZ produced a greater and longer lasting increase of PRA. It is concluded that the mechanism for the synergism is the renin dependency, created by the combination of HCTZ and captopril, resulting in a greater role of the renin system in blood pressure control and increased responsiveness to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition by captopril. PMID- 7047004 TI - Hormonal pattern during development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). AB - Urinary excretion of sodium, noradrenaline, dopamine, aldosterone, prostaglandin E2 and plasma renin activity were determined in 7 and 16 weeks old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in two normotensive control strains, ordinary Wistar control rats (NCR) and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats (WKR). Each group consisted of 10-11 rats. The animals were kept in metabolic cages. Experiments were performed on standard diet (5-8 mmol Na+/100 g food) and with an increased (15.6 and 56.0 mmol Na+/100 g food) salt intake. At 7 weeks of age, when SHR are in a borderline phase of hypertension, they exhibited a decreased urinary sodium excretion, and an increased urinary noradrenaline excretion compared to controls. The latter might reflect an increased overall activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Urinary dopamine excretion was also increased probably mirroring a higher activity in a renal natriuretic dopamine system. Plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone excretion were depressed. At 16 weeks of age, when SHR are in an early establishment phase of hypertension, urinary sodium excretion was still lower in SHR, while urinary noradrenaline and dopamine excretions had become normal compared to controls. Plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone excretion remained depressed. Urinary PGE2 excretion, only determined in this age group, was significantly higher in SHR. PMID- 7047005 TI - Aldosterone responsiveness to angiotensin II after sodium restriction in subjects with low renin essential hypertension. AB - Plasma aldosterone (PA) responses to sodium restriction (25 mEq sodium/day for 4 days) and to graded angiotensin II (AII) infusions (2, 4 and 8 ng/kg/min each for 30 min) during a low sodium intake were studied in 14 subjects with low renin essential hypertension (LREH) versus 16 normotensive subjects. The PA response to sodium restriction in relation to changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) was estimated by the ratio of PA increment to PRA increment after sodium restriction (delta PA/delta PRA). In 8 of 14 LREH subjects, whose delta PA/delta PRA ratios were normal, the PA responses to the graded AII doses were similar to those in the normotensive subjects. However, in the remaining 6 LREH subjects whose delta PA/delta PRA ratios were high the PA responses to the graded AII doses were greater. Apparently some LREH subjects, whose delta PA/delta PRA ratios after sodium restriction were high, have an abnormally enhanced aldosterone responsiveness to AII under the condition of low sodium intake. PMID- 7047006 TI - In-vivo activation of circulating inactive renin by the ischemic kidney in man. AB - The role of the kidney as a possible source or as activator of inactive renin was studied in 22 patients with Essential Hypertension (EH) and in 20 patients with Unilateral Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS). Active and inactive renin (trypsin activation) were measured in blood samples taken simultaneously from both renal veins and from a peripheral artery during acute diuretic stimulation induced by furosemide 40 mg i.v. In EH pts active and trypsin-activated renin were significantly higher in both renal veins than in arterial blood (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.02 respectively) whereas no difference was seen as far as inactive renin is concerned. In unilateral RAS trypsin-activated and active renin from the ischemic kidney were significantly higher (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.005 respectively) while inactive renin was significantly lower (P less than 0.005) than in arterial blood. No significant difference was seen between arterial and renal venous blood from the contralateral kidney as far as active and inactive renin are concerned. When comparing the V-A differences for active renin to the corresponding V-A differences for inactive renin from the ischemic kidney a significant negative correlation appeared (r = -0.49 p less than 0.05) whereas no correlation was found from the contralateral kidney (r = -0.26 n.s.). These data demonstrate that the ischemic kidney, in addition to its ability to release active renin, can also activate circulating inactive renin. PMID- 7047007 TI - Angiotensin--forming enzyme active at the physiological Ph in the brain of normal and nephrectomized rats. AB - Enzymatic activity generating angiotensin at pH 5.5 and 7.2 has been detected in different areas of the central nervous system (CNS) of the rat. Control animals and those subjected to bilateral nephrectomy 48 h before the experiment (Nx) were analyzed. The different areas of the CNS were studied by the incubation of tissue homogenates in the presence (enzyme concentration) or not (enzyme activity) of an excess of added angiotensinogen. Concentration was determined by incubation at pH 7.2 and 5.5 while activity was evaluated only at pH 7.2. The enzymatic renin-like concentration at both pHs did not change after Nx thus showing they do not depend on plasma and vascular renin. On the other hand the activity of the enzyme showed a significant increase in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum after Nx suggesting an increased concentration of renin substrate and/or different concentrations of inhibitors or activators of the enzymatic system in those areas. PMID- 7047008 TI - The role of urinary PGE2 and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. AB - In a group of 26 patients diagnosed as essential hypertensive (EH) and in a control group (CG) of 27 normotensive volunteers the urinary excretion of PGE2, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone were measured. EH patients were classified into normoreninemic (NREH) (n = 21) and hyporeninemic (LREH) (n = 5) by the response of PRA to the combined stimuli of ambulation and furosemide. Urinary PGE2 excretion was higher in NREH than in CG (p less than 0.05) while LREH showed values lower than in CG (p less than 0.001). Plasma aldosterone levels were similar in the three groups. In CG and EH patients PRA and urinary PGE2 were closely related (CG r = 0.516, p less than 0.05, EH patients r = 0.674, p less than 0.001). Indomethacin administration induced a decrease of PGE2 in both CG (n = 8) and NREH (n = 8) (p less than 0.01). In contrast, indomethacin induced no changes in PGE2 excretion of LREH (n = 5). Furthermore in the group of patients with NREH indomethacin induced a significant increase in blood pressure (p less than 0.01) and body weight (p less than 0.01) while glomerular filtration rate, 24 hour natriuresis PRA and plasma aldosterone decreased (p less than 0.01). On the contrary, in LREH indomethacin did not alter any of the parameters measured. These results indicate that LREH and NREH may be regarded as two different populations distinguishable not only by different secretion of PRA but also by different excretion of PGE2 in urine and by their characteristic response to indomethacin. PMID- 7047009 TI - [Plasma LH-RH secretion after administration of clomiphene citrate in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047010 TI - [Measurement of serum thyroxine concentration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047011 TI - [Renin-secreting tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047012 TI - [Endocrinological analysis of etiology of essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047013 TI - [Renin-angiotensin system and hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047014 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serum triiodothyronine concentration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047015 TI - [Significance of insulin assay in the sera of insulin-treated patient by enzyme immunoassay "insulotic Mochida" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047016 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy in head and neck carcinoma. PMID- 7047017 TI - Pathogenesis of mineralocorticoid hypertension. PMID- 7047018 TI - Primary hyperaldosteronism. PMID- 7047020 TI - Renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7047019 TI - Oestrogens and hypertension. PMID- 7047021 TI - Hypertension associated with diabetes mellitus, hypercalcaemic disorders, acromegaly and thyroid disease. PMID- 7047022 TI - Hypoglycaemia in infants and children. PMID- 7047023 TI - Congenital and acquired disorders of the adrenal cortex. PMID- 7047024 TI - Immunological cross-reactivity of enterotoxins of Aeromonas hydrophila and cholera toxin. AB - Pre-incubation with anticholera toxin (ACT) significantly reduced intestinal secretion induced by cell-free broth preparations of heat-labile toxins (LT) of Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila in jejunal perfusion experiments in rats in vivo. Pre-incubation with ACT also prevented cytotoxicity by E. coli LT in the Y1 cell culture system. Pre-incubation had no effect on cytotoxicity in Y1 and L132 cell lines or on haemolytic activity with cell-free preparations of A. hydrophila. In another series of experiments rats were immunized with cholera toxin given as an intraperitoneal priming dose followed 12 days later by intraduodenal boosting. Immunization significantly protected against net intestinal fluid secretion induced by enterotoxigenic E. coli and A. hydrophila and by cholera toxin. PMID- 7047025 TI - Intralesional plasma cells and serological responses in human cutaneous leishmaniasis. AB - Intralesional plasma cells and serological responses were investigated in 20 Brazilian cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Plasma cell numbers varied from less than 10% to more than 50% of cells in inflammatory infiltrates, in general with greater numbers of such cells present in lesions of longer duration. Direct fluorescence examination with anti-IgG, -IgA and -IgM sera of trypsin-treated sections of formalin-fixed biopsy tissue revealed that most intralesional plasma cells contained IgG. Russell bodies were detected in eight cases, in seven of which these bodies fluoresced only with anti-IgM serum. There was no correlation between serum levels of total IgG, IgA and IgM (detected by radial immunodiffusion) or antileishmanial antibodies (detected by class-specific indirect immunofluorescence and by direct agglutination with and without 2 mercaptoethanol) and numbers of intralesional plasma cells of the same globulin class. No striking or consistent alterations in complement components were noted in the serum of these patients. PMID- 7047026 TI - Effects of islet cell surface antibodies and complement on the release of insulin and chromium from perifused beta cells. PMID- 7047027 TI - A new antimitochondria antibody (anti-M6) in iproniazid-induced hepatitis. AB - A new immunofluorescence pattern of non-organ- and non-species-specific antibody has been observed in occasional sera. Variations of the fluorescence were found in different species. Recognition of the new pattern was particularly characteristic in rat organs (liver: the hepatocytes showed intense roughly granular fluorescence evenly distributed in the cytoplasm; kidney: the bright fluorescence of the first portion of the proximal tubules contrasted with the negative aspect of the other portions of the tubules; stomach: only some cells probably corresponding to the APUD system were positive; pancreas: fluorescence was limited to the islets of Langherhans). The positivity in the ellipsoid region of the rods and cones of the eye and the absorption on different liver organelles showed that this aspect corresponded to the mitochondria. We propose to name this pattern 'antimitochondria antibody number 6' or 'anti-M6'. High titres of anti-M6 were found in four patients suffering from iproniazid-induced hepatitis. A decrease in the titre was obtained after stopping the treatment. The now exceptional use of iproniazid and the rare occurrence of anti-M6 suggest a link between these two phenomena. PMID- 7047028 TI - Inverted response of arginine vasopressin to postural change in patients with essential hypertension. AB - 1. This study was designed to compare the response of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) to head-up tilt in hypertensive patients and in normals. 2. As expected, plasma AVP showed a consistent increase (P less than 0.005) in normal subjects after tilt while plasma volume decreased significantly (P less than 0.02). On the contrary, in hypertensive patients, after tilt both plasma AVP (P less than 0.025) and plasma volume (P less than 0.05) decreased. 3. These findings, thus, indicate that essential hypertension is characterized by an inverted response of arginine vasopressin to postural change. PMID- 7047029 TI - Evaluation of fetal liver cell transplantation for immunoreconstitution of horses with severe combined immunodeficiency. PMID- 7047030 TI - Immunoregulatory abnormalities in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. PMID- 7047031 TI - Serum factors inhibiting some leukocytic functions in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7047032 TI - Extreme hyperglycemia in dialysis patients. AB - In 12 diabetic patients who were being treated with maintenance hemodialysis or maintenance peritoneal dialysis, coma and other neurologic deficits did not occur in spite of extremely elevated serum glucose levels. The mean serum values of these patients were: glucose 1,174 +/- 248 (SD) mg/100 ml, sodium 125 +/- 5 mEq/l, calculated total osmolality 342 +/- 13 mOsm/kg water and calculated effective osmolality (without urea) 316 +/- 13 mOsm/kg water. It is suggested that the absence of osmotic diuresis and the lack of substantial osmotic ultrafiltration prevented the development of hypernatremia and marked hyperosmolality. The osmolar effect of glucose alone at these serum concentrations apparently was not sufficient to induce neurologic impairment. PMID- 7047033 TI - Renal transplantation and cardiac function in pediatric patients. AB - Nine pediatric patients underwent echocardiographic evaluation prior to and after renal transplantation. Prior to transplantation parameters of cardiac contractility such as mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, ejection time, ejection fraction and shortening fraction were within the normal ranges for the age group. Post transplantation there was a significant decrease in heart rate and cardiac index. In addition a dramatic increase in hemoglobin levels was observed. The improvement in circulating hemoglobin levels rather than the removal of uremia appears to be the dominant beneficial result in improving cardiovasuclar hemodynamics. PMID- 7047034 TI - Urinary kallikrein excretion in renal transplant patients. AB - Urinary kallikrein, as a reflection of the intrarenal kallikrein, is distinct from plasma kallikrein. The kallikrein-kinin system, activated via antigen antibody complexes, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of acute transplant rejection. We studied urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, protein, and kallikrein following renal transplantation in nine patients, In four patients who took steroids daily and were followed from the time of transplantation (without rejection episodes), urinary kallikrein remained stable (3.7 +/- 0.5 EU/24 hr, x +/- SEM). Since sodium-retaining steroids influence urinary kallikrein excretion, two patients were studied 2 and 3 months post transplantation while receiving alternate-day prednisone. Values from urinary kallikrein in these patients did not differ from those in patients taking steroids daily (3.7 +/- 0.5 versus 2.7 +/- 0.3 EU/24 hr). In three patients experiencing acute rejection episodes, urinary kallikrein excretion rose markedly (24 to 260 EU/24 hr) and remained elevated until the patients became oliguric. Furthermore, this rise occurred 1-3 days before the clinical diagnosis of rejection was made. For the group as a whole there was no significant correlation between urinary kallikrein excretion, the excretion of sodium or potassium, or urine volume. Although the number of patients studied is small, the increases observed in urinary kallikrein suggest that activation of the intrarenal kallikrein-kinin system is associated with acute transplant rejection. PMID- 7047035 TI - Tuberculosis affecting a cadaveric renal allograft. AB - Tuberculosis is one of the more serious infections complicating renal transplantation. Although the incidence appears to be low, a dose of prednisone greater than 10 mg daily has been associated with a more severe form of disease. A case of tuberculosis with renal allograft involvement is described with documented bacteriological and radiological involvement in which treatment was successful with anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. Deterioration in renal function did not occur. The prophylaxis of patients undergoing transplantation with a history of tuberculosis and the features, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis affecting a renal allograft are discussed. PMID- 7047036 TI - The erythrocyte sedimentation rate in orthopaedic patients. AB - The ESR, a sensitive measure of the inflammatory response, is elevated in 90% of patients who have serious orthopedic infections, e.g., discitis, septic arthritis, and hematogenous osteomyelitis. In most cases, it is sufficient to distinguish these entities from the less serious disease states, i.e., transient synovitis. After major surgical operations or extensive trauma, the ESR often increases to high levels and, if sepsis does not supervene, it returns to normal within six months. Outpatient determination of the ESR, although useless in the early detection of malignancy, is valuable in detecting inflammatory arthridities and major sepsis. PMID- 7047037 TI - Surgical treatment of nonunions of the surgical neck of the humerus. AB - End-to-end alignment of the fragments usually does not provide good bone contact or stability for fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus because cavitation of the head fragment and comminution constitute bone stock deficiency. Painful and disabling nonunion of the surgical neck of the humerus in five patients was repaired by impaling one fragment into the other, usually the shaft into the head. A corticocancellous iliac graft bridged the nonunion by extending from the interior of the head to the shaft, where it was fixed by screws. Rush rods were used for internal fixation. All five patients obtained union without evidence of avascular necrosis during the period of observation (12 to 39 months), had good pain relief, and regained satisfactory function. PMID- 7047038 TI - Operative arthroscopy. PMID- 7047039 TI - The classic. Arthroscope. Kenji Takagi. J. Jap. Orthop. Assoc., 1939. PMID- 7047040 TI - Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondritis dissecans. AB - Forty-nine knees with osteochondritis dissecans were evaluated and in many cases, treated by arthroscopic means. The lesions were classified as to location and degree of separation. Arthroscopic treatment involved drilling, pinning, reduction of fragments, removal and replacement of fragments, and bone grafting. Of the cases, 90% had healed in an average period of approximately five months. The mean follow-up was three years. PMID- 7047041 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of hydralazine. PMID- 7047042 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of methyldopa. AB - Absorption of methyldopa from the gastrointestinal tract is incomplete and variable; bioavailability after oral administration is about 25% (range 8 to 62%). The average time to reach maximum plasma concentration (tmax) [chemically determined] is 2 hours, when the maximum plasma concentration of active drug accounts for 50% of the radioactivity, the remainder representing various metabolites. Physicochemical determination of methyldopa shows that bi-phasic elimination occurs after both intravenous and oral administration, the half-life of the alpha-phase being 0.21 hours (range 0.16 to 0.26 hours) and of the beta phase 1.28 hours (range 1.02 to 1.69 hours) in normal subjects. Methyldopa is less than 15% protein bound, whereas the primary metabolite, which most probably is the O-sulphate, is about 50% protein bound. The apparent volume of distribution in the central compartment is about 0.23L/kg (range 0.19 to 0.32L/kg), and the total volume of distribution (calculated as Vdarea) is about 0.60L/kg (range 0.41 to 0.72L/kg) in healthy volunteers. Acid-labile conjugates are formed after oral administration. These acid-labile conjugates, in particular the O-sulphate, are probably formed in the intestinal cells, since they are detected in very small amounts after intravenous administration. Additionally, there is a rapid formation of partly unidentified metabolites after both intravenous and oral administration. After intravenous administration the quantitatively most prominent metabolites are methyldopamine and the glucuronide of dihydroxyphenylacetone, but traces of 5 or 6 other metabolites have also been found and identified. These metabolites are probably formed in the liver, but the complete metabolic pattern is still unknown. The renal clearance of methyldopa (95 ml/min/m2) is more than 50% higher than the endogenous creatinine clearance. Renal excretion of some metabolites is slower. Extrarenal elimination accounts for about 50% of the total body clearance of the drug. Renal excretion is very low in patients with renal failure, resulting in accumulation of both active drug and, in particular, its metabolites. There is a marked accumulation of unidentified metabolites in renal failure patients, which possibly explains the strong and prolonged hypotensive action of methyldopa in these patients. PMID- 7047044 TI - Renal handling of captopril: effect of probenecid. AB - 14C-Captopril was given intravenously to four normal subjects in a 4-mg priming dose followed by constant intravenous infusion of 1.7 mg/hr for 3.5 hr with and without concomitant probenecid. Steady-state levels of unchanged captopril were obtained between 1.5 and 3.5 hr. In the presence of probenecid, the average steady-state blood levels of total radioactivity were higher (36%) than on captopril alone. Unchanged captopril levels were slightly higher (14%) in the presence of probenecid. Kinetic evaluations were carried out exclusively on data for unchanged captopril. The average total body clearance (ClT) and renal clearance (ClR) of captopril in the absence of probenecid were 775 and 388 ml/kg/hr. The corresponding values for captopril with probenecid (631 and 217 ml/kg/hr) were lower. The average ratio of ClR to ClT for captopril alone was 0.50 and fell to 0.35 in the presence of probenecid. When captopril alone was given, a minimum of 78% of the renal excretion of captopril during steady-state could be attributed to net tubular secretion, but when captopril was given with probenecid, net tubular secretion was only 56%. The volume of distribution of captopril during steady state was not altered by probenecid. For the first 3.5 hr, cumulative renal excretion of total radioactivity with and without probenecid was 55% and 60%, but cumulative excretion of unchanged captopril was higher after captopril alone (36% of dose) than after the combination (21% of dose). PMID- 7047045 TI - Surgical treatment of lymphedema of the lower extremity. PMID- 7047043 TI - Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on the pharmacokinetics of drugs. AB - The cardiopulmonary bypass apparatus must temporarily substitute for the cardiac and pulmonary function of the patient undergoing heart surgery. In order to meet the metabolic needs of the patient and the technical demands of the surgeon, within the limits of engineering technology, a number of major alterations are made in normal physiology. The patient is typically cooled to 27 degrees C and perfused with a non-pulsatile flow of blood which has been diluted with saline to a haematocrit in the mid-20s. Blood flow and pressure are often considerably less than normal. Blood coagulation is prevented by administration of a massive dose of heparin. Central redistribution of blood flow, elaboration of stress-reactant hormones, and fluid and electrolyte shifts occur in response to these changes. In the postoperative period, these alterations are reversed, and normal physiology is restored. Effects upon the pharmacokinetics of drugs are anticipated. The clearance of many drugs may be reduced. Protein binding is diminished by haemodilution, but may rise above normal in the postoperative period for basic drugs which bind to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Changes in volume of distribution depend upon the opposing influences of protein binding and reduced peripheral perfusion. Previous studies on the pharmacokinetics of drugs during and after cardiopulmonary bypass illustrate many of these effects. The clearance of digoxin, fentanyl, and the cephalosporins is reduced after cardiopulmonary bypass, and the volume of distribution of cefazolin is increased during cardiopulmonary bypass. Studies of digitoxin and propranolol are also reviewed. Many of the investigations in this area of study have been limited by logistical and methodological factors. Thus, the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on the pharmacokinetics of drugs are incompletely understood, and the subject merits further attention. PMID- 7047046 TI - The "extended" skin graft. PMID- 7047047 TI - Removable partial denture. II. Classification, component parts, and design considerations. PMID- 7047048 TI - Sir Hans Krebs (1900-1981). PMID- 7047049 TI - Gastric emptying: a clinical perspective. PMID- 7047050 TI - Relation of arterial pressure with body sodium, body potassium and plasma potassium in essential hypertension. AB - 1. Exchangeable sodium (NaE), plasma electrolytes and arterial pressure were measured in 121 normal subjects and 91 patients with untreated essential hypertension (diastolic greater than 100 mmHg), 21 of whom had low-renin hypertension. Plasma concentrations of renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone were measured in all hypertensive patients, total body sodium, total body potassium and exchangeable potassium (KE) in some patients. 2. Mean NaE was not different in normal and hypertensive subjects provided the two groups were matched for leanness index. In the subgroup of young hypertensive patients aged 35 years or less mean NaE was below normal. NaE was not related to arterial pressure in normal subjects but in hypertensive patients there were positive and significant correlations of arterial pressure with NaE and with total body sodium. 3. NaE and total body sodium increased with age in hypertensive but not in normal subjects. Partial regression analysis suggested that the correlation of NaE with arterial pressure was not explained by an influence of age. 4. Mean NaE was not increased and mean KE was not decreased in patients with low-renin hypertension. 5. Plasma potassium concentration, KE and total body potassium correlated inversely and significantly with blood pressure in hypertensive patients. These correlations were more marked in young than in old patients. 6. Multiple regression analysis showed that the combination of NaE and plasma potassium concentration 'explained' more of the variation of systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients than it did in normal subjects. Plasma potassium concentration 'explained' more of the variation in young hypertensives and NaE 'explained' more in older patients. 7. Our findings suggest than changes of plasma and body potassium are important in the earlier stages of essential hypertension and that changes of body sodium become important later. PMID- 7047051 TI - Mechanism of pressor effects of intraventricular injection of angiotensin II in the rat: role of vasopressin and renal nerves. AB - 1. The role of the kidney and vasopressin in the increase of blood pressure obtained when angiotensin II is injected intraventricularly into rats has been investigated. 2. Intraventricular injection of angiotensin II led to a significant increase in blood pressure in the control and all sham-operated rats compared with that in unilaterally nephrectomized, one-kidney denervated rats and bilaterally nephrectomized rats. The degree of increase in blood pressure in unilaterally nephrectomized, one-kidney denervated rats was equal to that in bilaterally nephrectomized rats. 3. The increase in blood pressure in the bilaterally nephrectomized rats lasted significantly longer than that in the control and unilaterally nephrectomized, one-kidney denervated rats. 4. In the bilaterally nephrectomized rats plasma vasopressin was still higher 30 min after the intraventricular injection of angiotensin II than that of the control and unilaterally nephrectomized, one-kidney denervated rats. 5. These results suggest that the rise in blood pressure observed after intraventricular injection of angiotensin II is due partly to stimulation of the renal sympathetic nervous system and partly to increase in plasma vasopressin concentration. PMID- 7047052 TI - The effect of propranolol or metoprolol on thermoregulation during insulin induced hypoglycaemia in man. PMID- 7047053 TI - Impaired pancreatic polypeptide release to insulin hypoglycaemia in chronic autonomic failure with postural hypotension: evidence for parasympathetic dysfunction. AB - 1. Release of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is largely under vagal control and measurement of change in PP after insulin hypoglycaemia offers a non-invasive method of assessing vagal activity. 2. Changes in blood sugar and PP after intravenous insulin (0.2 unit/kg) were examined in six patients with idiopathic chronic autonomic failure (AF) and 12 control subjects. Six of the controls were studied before and after atropine treatment. 3. The PP levels in controls rose from 32 +/- 9 (mean +/- SEM) to 236 +/- 54 pmol/l after 45 min. Patients had similar baseline values (23 +/- 5 pmol/l) but a markedly reduced and delayed PP response to hypoglycaemia (49 +/- 19 pmol/l at 90 min). This impaired PP response was similar to that seen in controls after atropine. 4. The impaired PP response to insulin hypoglycaemia in patients with AF strongly suggests a dysfunction of vagal activity which is often clinically inapparent. PMID- 7047054 TI - [Platelets and prostaglandins in ischemic cardiopathy. Theoretical and practical aspects and research prospects]. PMID- 7047055 TI - [Solutions of high concentrations of glucose, insulin and potassium in the prevention of cardiogenic shock in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7047056 TI - [Rehabilitative therapy after acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7047057 TI - The epidemiology and etiology of lung cancer. PMID- 7047058 TI - Natural history of lung cancer. PMID- 7047059 TI - Techniques for diagnosing lung cancer. A critical review. PMID- 7047060 TI - Imaging methods in primary lung carcinoma. PMID- 7047061 TI - Immunoadjuvant therapy for lung cancer. A critical review. PMID- 7047063 TI - Liver transplantation: current status. PMID- 7047062 TI - Pleural effusion in lung cancer. AB - Pleural effusions are common in the setting of lung cancer. The clinician must establish whether the effusion is malignant, ruling out the possibility of curative surgery; paramalignant, which may or may not rule out surgery; or unassociated with the cancer. A pleural effusion associated with lung cancer is an ominous finding, but a small percentage of patients in this setting will be candidates for curative surgery. When a malignant pleural effusion is diagnosed by cytology or histology, the clinician must decide on the most appropriate form of palliative therapy for the symptomatic patient. In the symptomatic patient with a reasonable life expectancy, chest tube drainage with the instillation of tetracycline hydrochloride appears to be the most effective and least morbid form of palliative therapy. PMID- 7047064 TI - Nutrition and infections. PMID- 7047065 TI - Current status of platelet inhibitor therapy in coronary artery disease. PMID- 7047066 TI - Stress and behavior patterns as etiologic factors in coronary heart disease. PMID- 7047067 TI - [Visit to Kaiserwerth (2) (Florence Nightingale)]. PMID- 7047068 TI - [Biography of Nightingale published in the early Meiji era - on "Self-Help for Women"]. PMID- 7047069 TI - The foundation for removable partial dentures. Part III. The abutment teeth. PMID- 7047070 TI - Rationale and technique for composite resin restorations. Part I. Biological and physical characteristics. PMID- 7047071 TI - Statement of the American Medical Association before the Subcommittee on Health Committee on Ways and Means United States House of Representatives. Health care competition legislation. PMID- 7047072 TI - Biomedical telemetry techniques. AB - The landmarks and important state-of-the-art work in biomedical telemetry are reviewed. The advantages provided by transmission of physiologic data from minimally restrained to completely unencumbered subjects with biomedical telemetry systems is discussed both from the standpoint of the wide variety of physiologic parameters and subjects that can be monitored and in terms of the various proven electronic techniques for implementing this mode of physiologic data transmission and recovery. Monitored parameter capabilities now include biopotentials (ECG, EMG, EEG), temperature, mechanical events (muscle force, limb motion), pH, pressure (ICP, blood pressure), and others. The system developments in biomedical telemetry have had the aims of minimizing size, weight, and volume while extending the operating capabilities of the systems in terms of minimum required power, multiplicity of data channels, and reliable operation in the intended operating environment. These developments have progressed from discrete transistor to integrated microcircuit implementations in systems which can encode the physiologic data as FM, PAM, PWM, or PCM. Biotelemeters can be utilized as external (backpack) or completely implantable devices and today may be found in the research laboratory, the intensive care unit, portable patient care units, and in the freely ranging animal in the field usually employing a radio link. Also discussed are considerations for power sources and power source recharging through the tissues of implanted subjects. There are advantages and disadvantages to using biomedical telemetry, to using implanted or external biotelemeters, and to each of the various encoding techniques. These are considered, and the future of biomedical telemetry is projected. PMID- 7047073 TI - Fiber optics in medicine. AB - The most significant and prevalent applications of fiber optics in medicine are in the imaging and illumination components of endoscopes. Flexible and rigid multifibers composed of step-index fibers and graded-index imaging rods are extensively used for visualization of internal organs and tissue which are accessible through natural openings or transcutaneously. This article reviews the evolution of the fiber-optic endoscope over the past 20 years. The fabrication techniques of optical fibers for imaging and illumination are considered in juxtaposition to their current applications in communications with emphasis on the different technologies involved. The design of distinct endoscopes is described with a detailed review of their use in various medical specialities. Low-loss optical fibers are employed to transmit laser energy for surgery and photocoagulation. Multicolor laser light is transmitted through a single thin optical fiber to provide adequate illumination for viewing and color photography. Past attempts to develop plastic imaging multifibers and their future potential viewing and color photography. Past attempts to develop plastic imaging multifibers and their future potential are discussed. Other uses of fiber optics in medicine include remote spectrophotometry, pressure and position sensing, or scintillation counting. These and other applications, such as intravascular pressure transducers and in vivo oximeters, are described. PMID- 7047074 TI - The relationship between in vivo strains and cortical bone remodeling. AB - Bone has the capacity to remodel in response to the mechanical demands which are made on it during in vivo activities. It has long been assumed that mathematical laws exist which can describe the relationship between bone stress or strain histories and the remodeling activity of the bone tissue. Despite extensive research into bone stress/remodeling relationships, these mathematical laws have not yet been formulated. Research into this important area of bone physiology will be reviewed and the current state of knowledge assessed. Promising new directions in this research area will be discussed. PMID- 7047075 TI - Wear-screening and joint simulation studies vs. materials selection and prosthesis design. AB - Satisfactory friction and wear performance of orthomedic biomaterials is an essential criterion for both hemiarthroplasty and total joint replacements. This report will chart the clinical historical experience of candidate biomaterials with their wear resistance and compare/contrast these data to experimental test predictions. The latter review will encompass publications dealing with both joint simulators and the more basic friction and wear screening devices. Special consideration will be given to the adequacy of the test protocol, the design of the experimental machines, and the accuracy of the measurement techniques. The discussion will then center on clinical reality vs. experimental adequacy and summarize current developments. PMID- 7047076 TI - Biochemistry of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. AB - The review discusses the similarities and differences between the common isoenzymatic forms of ALP. Methods for separating, measuring, and purifying the isoenzymes on the basis of these differing properties are described. The evidence is reviewed for the existence of different genes coding for different isoenzymes, and the current state of knowledge is surveyed concerning the location, development, function, and regulation of the isoenzymes. Finally, some unusual forms of ALP which may appear in the circulation are described. PMID- 7047077 TI - The intrinsic coagulation-kinin pathway, complement cascades, plasma renin angiotensin system, and their interrelationships. AB - Activation of the classical complement pathway is initiated by immune complexes consisting of IgM antibody or IgG subclasses 1, 2, and 3. Binding to Clq leads to activation of C1s and digestion of C4 and C2 to yield a C3 convertase. The alternative complement pathway is initiated by complex polysaccharides as well as immune complexes of the IgA class which interact with Factors B, D, C3, and properdin to yield a stabilized C3 convertase consisting of PC3Bb. Cleavage of C3 and C5 by either pathway yields the C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins which cause histamine release from mast cells and formation of the C5b6789 attack complex causes cell lysis. Both immunologic and nonimmunologic tissue damage can initiate the surface dependent pathways of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and kinin formation. Surface bound Hageman Factor interacts with complexes of prekallikrein and HMW kininogen as well as Factor XI and HMW-kininogen to form activated Hageman factor, kallikrein, and Factor XIa. Factor XIa continues the coagulation pathway, kallikrein and Factor XIa convert plasminogen to plasmin and kallikrein digests HMW-kininogen to yield bradykinin. The Cl inhibitor, which inactivates Cls is the major plasma inhibitor of activated Hageman factor and kallikrein. In its absence, a potentially fatal form of angioedema is seen. The inactivator of the C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins is identical to carboxypeptidase N, the major plasma inactivator of bradykinin thus demonstrating the common control mechanisms which regulate the complement and kinin-forming pathways. PMID- 7047078 TI - High frequency ventilation in dogs with open chests. AB - This study evaluated and compared the physiological responses to high frequency percutaneous transtracheal ventilation in dogs before and after median sternotomy thoracotomy. Standard intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) was established before and after high frequency rates (100 and 300 breath/min) with the chest closed and then after thoracotomy. Gas exchange as judged by arterial and mixed venous blood gases, and cardiac performance as judged by pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures, vascular resistances, and cardiac index all remained clinically acceptable. Physiologically, ventilation in the open chest condition was adequate but was associated with a slight decrease in PaCO2 and a decrease in PaO2. Peak and mean airway pressures were similar for IPPV and high frequency modes of ventilation. PMID- 7047079 TI - Food dehydration by solar energy. AB - Solar driers that are currently being investigated for drying of agricultural products can be divided into two major divisions, depending upon how they transfer the incident solar energy to the product to be dried. These two divisions are direct and indirect drying, with some work also being done on combination drying procedures. In direct solar driers, the product to be dried is usually either inside a tent, greenhouse, or a glass-topped box, where the product to be dried is heated by the direct rays from the sun and the moist air is removed by ambient wind movement. These dryers do accelerate moisture loss rate and the product is usually safe from inclement weather. These dryers usually do not require fans for forced air circulation. With indirect drying, the opposite is true, where most require powered fans for forced air circulation. With this type of dryer, both flatplate and inflated tube solar heat absorbers are used, with each offering certain advantages. Also, combination dryers have been built that utilize both direct and indirect principles. Product evaluation of solar dried foods indicate that in most cases the physical properties, flavor, and vitamin A and C retention were as good as, or better than, conventional dried foods. The economics of the solar systems indicate that most drying procedures are economically feasible for use in small-scale operations only, with the exception of grain drying. PMID- 7047080 TI - The effect of microwaves on nutrient value of foods. AB - Microwave cooking has gained considerable importance as an energy-saving, convenient, and time-saving cooking method. This article reviews the state of the art of microwave cooking and the existing publishing data on the effects of microwave cooking on nutritive values of moisture, protein, carbohydrate, lipid, minerals, and vitamins. Most reports indicated that microwave cooking resulted in higher moisture losses compared with conventional methods. Overall, the nutritional effects of microwaves on protein, lipid, and minerals appear minimal. There is no report on the effects of microwaves on carbohydrate fraction in foods. A large amount of data is available on the effects of microwaves on vitamins. It is concluded that there are only slight differences between microwave and conventional cooking on vitamin retention in foods. In conclusion, no significant nutritional differences exist between foods prepared by conventional and microwave methods. Any differences reported in the literature are minimal. PMID- 7047081 TI - Fish silage: a review. AB - Based on a review of various production principles of fish silage, this paper discusses the prospects of introduction of this method, as an alternative to fish meal, to utilize low value fish and waste products, particularly in developing countries. The paper covers the biochemistry, microbiology, and nutritional aspects of fish silage, as well as production technology and economy. PMID- 7047082 TI - Epikeratophakia: the surgical correction of myopia. I. Lathing of corneal tissue. AB - In order to develop a surgical technique as an alternate method for the treatment of myopia, we have adapted the epikeratophakia corneal graft procedure. The procedure is not burdened with some of the side effects associated with radial keratotomy and a wide range of predictable correction can be obtained. Preliminary trails in a non-human primate model have indicated that myopia up to 27 diopters can be corrected accurately with these grafts. In this paper we present the mathematical model for the lathing of epikeratophakia grafts for the correlation of myopia, and preliminary results in the non-human primate model. PMID- 7047083 TI - The vanishing surgical treatment of Graves' disease: review of current literature and experience with 50 patients. PMID- 7047084 TI - 4-Hydroxy-3-nitro-phenylacetyl (NP)-specific T cell hybridomas. PMID- 7047085 TI - The structure and replication of coronaviruses. PMID- 7047086 TI - Plant cell cultures and protoplasts in plant virus research. PMID- 7047087 TI - Intracellular ions, protein metabolism, and cataract formation. PMID- 7047088 TI - Specular microscopy of the cornea. PMID- 7047089 TI - Cell hybrids in ocular tissues. PMID- 7047090 TI - [Tooth loss in life in bone remnants from the cremation vaults of the Lausitz culture]. PMID- 7047092 TI - [Characteristics of fungi present in various oral pathological conditions]. PMID- 7047091 TI - [Criteria for qualification of patients for prosthetic subperiosteal implants]. PMID- 7047093 TI - [Remnants of mandibles and maxillas of prehistoric Slavs from the cremation vaults of the Lausitz culture]. PMID- 7047094 TI - [Free skin grafts used for covering facial and neck skin defects]. PMID- 7047095 TI - Coarctation of the aorta with congenital hemangioma of the face and neck and aneurysm or dilatation of a subclavian or innominate artery. A new syndrome? AB - Congenital cutaneous hemangioma associated with congenital heart disease is extremely rare. We report four infants with congenital cavernous hemangioma of the face and neck and coarctation of the aorta. Three also had congenital aneurysm of a subclavian or innominate artery. One patient also had mild congenital valvular aortic stenosis. The unusual combination of lesions may represent a new syndrome. PMID- 7047096 TI - Spinal dysraphism in the cervical and dorsal regions in childhood. AB - Spinal dysraphism entirely confined to the cervical or dorsal levels is uncommon. In a large series affecting all levels, only 26 such cases that required operation were found. These are described in order to determine their particular features which include a high incidence of expanding lesions (dermoid cyst and neurenteric cyst) and are therefore associated with a much higher risk of morbidity than dysraphism, at lower levels. PMID- 7047097 TI - Combined in vitro activity of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. AB - The in vitro combined antifungal activity of amphotericin B (AMB) and 5 fluorocytosine (5-FC) against 10 strains of Candida albicans and 8 strains of Cryptococcus neoformans was studied. Serial twofold dilutions of AMB (0.1 to 12.8 micrograms/ml) were tested with serial twofold dilutions of 5-FC (0.39 to 400 micrograms/ml) by using the broth dilution method. A synergistic effect was seen for 17 strains with 50 micrograms of 5-FC per ml added to AMB. Only one strain was killed by 0.8 micrograms per ml or less of AMB alone, whereas all strains were killed with the addition of 50 micrograms of 5-FC per ml. PMID- 7047098 TI - [Bartter's syndrome with an analysis of 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047099 TI - [A study on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting botulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047100 TI - [Investigation on the sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine at Qianjia, Hainan Island (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047101 TI - [Experiences in treatment of spontaneous ruptured primary liver cancer with bleeding (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047102 TI - [Diagnosis and management of infection in renal homotransplant recipient (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047103 TI - [Cadaveric kidney transplantation complicated with pulmonary infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047104 TI - Colostomy irrigation with prostaglandin F 2 alpha. PMID- 7047105 TI - What is the Dukes' system for carcinoma of the rectum? PMID- 7047106 TI - Review of sigmoid volvulus: history and results of treatment. PMID- 7047107 TI - Classic articles in colonic and rectal surgery. Robert Fulton Weir (1838-1927): an improved method of treating high-seated cancers of the rectum. PMID- 7047108 TI - Morphological and biochemical observations on hepatic glycogen metabolism in mice on a controlled feeding schedule. I. Normal mice. AB - Changes in hepatocyte morphology were correlated with chemically measured liver glycogen, blood glucose, and plasma insulin levels in control-fed mice (6 hr fed, 18 hr fasted) sacrificed at various time intervals after initiation of a 6-hr meal. At initiation of feeding hepatic glycogen was low(0.05%) but deposition proceeded rapidly, reaching a maximum of 6.99 +/- 0.13% by the sixth hour. Glycogen was depleted during the subsequent fasting period, reaching the prefeeding levels by 24 hr. A relative hyperglycemia (140-192 mg/100/ ml) predominated during all stages of glycogen deposition and depletion until the 21st hour. Plasma insulin levels were maximum during feeding (63 +/- 7 microU/ml, 3 hr) with mild hyperinsulinemia (insulin greater than 16 microU/ml) occurring during glycogen depletion (9-21 hr). Histochemical determinations (PAS) showed lobular patterns of hepatic glycogen which correlated with chemically measured glycogen levels. Six hours after initiation of feeding, periportal cells showed intensely stained masses of glycogen while centrilobular cells showed relatively diffuse staining. At 24 hours after initiation of feeding (18 hr of fasting), no significant staining was observed in the hepatocytes. Ultrastructurally, during all stages of glycogen deposition and depletion, centrilobular cells were characterized by the presence of dispersed glycogen particles with elements of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) between the particles, while periportal cells showed dense glycogen deposits with SER restricted to the periphery of the glycogen masses. PMID- 7047109 TI - Morphological and biochemical observations on hepatic glycogen metabolism in mice on a controlled feeding schedule. II. Streptozotocin-diabetic mice. AB - Morphological aspects of hepatic glycogen metabolism in streptozotocin (SZ) diabetic mice on a controlled feeding cycle (6 hr fed, 18 hr fasted) were studied and correlated with plasma glucose and insulin levels at various time intervals after feeding. Hepatic glycogen was low at initiation of feeding (approximately 0.05%) and increased to a maximum of 4.54 +/- 0.30% (N = 8) as compared to 6.90 +/- 0.20% (N = 12) in normal animals. Plasma glucose levels were similar to those of normal mice at initiation of feeding (80 +/- 5 mg/dl) but much higher during the feeding period (diabetic: 540 +/- 15 mg/dl, normal: 150 +/- 10 mg/dl). At the end of the feeding period, plasma glucose levels rapidly declined, reaching lower than normal levels. In contrast to insulin responses to feeding in normal animals, plasma insulin levels in SZ-diabetic mice remained very low, never exceeding 16 muU/ml. At maximum hepatic glycogen deposition, light microscopic studies showed atypical patterns of glycogen distribution with periportal cells having generally smaller-than-normal glycogen masses. Ultrastructural studies indicated that these cells contained more abundant quantities of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) than is characteristically seen. The aberrant distribution patterns of glycogen observed in the diabetic mice provided morphological evidence for the proposal that the SER is involved in hepatic glycogenesis, with insulin deficiency resulting in abnormal functioning of the organelle. PMID- 7047110 TI - Insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and glucagon antibodies in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - To assess the possible value of the use of high-purity pork insulin (HPPI) in the United States, the serum insulin (I), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon (G), and somatostatin (SRIF) antibody binding characteristics have been determined in 90 conventional insulin-treated diabetic subjects and related to their degree of metabolic control, as assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) concentration. All diabetic subjects had antibodies to insulin, but there was no relationship between any of the antibody binding characteristics and HbA1 level: 47% possessed PP antibodies; mean +/- SEM HbA1 in these patients was 14.5 +/- 0.3%, identical to those without PP antibodies (14.5 +/- 0.4%); 10% had G binding antibodies with HbA1 levels of 14.6 +/- 0.8%, similar to those without G antibodies. No subject possessed SRIF antibodies. This lack of correlation between antibody characteristics and metabolic control makes it unlikely that, in the majority of patients, treatment with a less immunogenic insulin (HPPI) versus conventional insulin will result in improved diabetic control. PMID- 7047111 TI - Recovery from decompensated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: studies of C peptide secretion. AB - Eleven non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients presented with decompensated hyperglycemia. Nine had pronounced ketonuria, five with acidosis. In seven cases, precipitating factors were identified. In the other four cases, including three cases of diabetic ketoacidosis, no identifiable triggering events were present. In each case, recovery from the initially decompensated diabetic state occurred. Eventually, all patients were managed by diet alone. Seven patients demonstrated nondiabetic glucose tolerance tests (GTT). Several patients underwent stressful situations after "recovery" without recurrence of hyperglycemia. Glucose stimulated C-peptide levels were determined postrecovery. C-peptide secretion was in the normal range and, in fact, was identical, in relation to glucose levels, to that in a group of nondiabetic volunteers. In 6 of the 11 cases, C-peptide secretion was measured at the time of initial presentation. These levels were markedly lower than comparable values during the GTT postrecovery. Non-insulin dependent diabetes, even when presenting in a decompensated state, is subject to a considerable degree of reversibility and even recovery to a nondiabetic state in some cases. Recovery is associated with a return to normal C-peptide secretion. PMID- 7047112 TI - Progressive retinopathy with improved control in diabetic dwarfism (Mauriac's syndrome). AB - We report four children aged 11-18 1/2 yr first seen 7-14 yr after the diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes. At presentation, all had marked short stature, two had hepatomegaly, and the older three had delayed adolescence. They had been severely underinsulinized. Initial funduscopy demonstrated only occasion microaneurysms in two children and a single intraretinal hemorrhage in another. The youngest was normal. Improved control required large increases in insulin dosage. Growth rate improved significantly and hepatomegaly regressed. Puberty progressed rapidly in two older patients with poor final height. Paradoxically, with improved control, retinopathy progressed rapidly with appearance of multiple microaneurysms, nerve fiber layer infarctions, intraretinal microangiopathic changes, hemorrhages, exudates, and macular edema in all the patients and severe proliferation changes in three. One child with proliferative retinopathy in both eyes developed vitreous hemorrhage and blindness in one eye. Two required panretinal photocoagulation with no further progression of their retinopathy. These rapidly progressive retinal changes remain unexplained. We advise caution when correcting metabolic derangements of diabetic patients who have been poorly controlled for a prolonged period. PMID- 7047113 TI - Factors influencing the absorption, serum insulin concentration, and blood glucose responses after injections of regular insulin and various insulin mixtures. AB - Normal fasting subjects received regular insulin and mixtures of regular with NPH or lente to assess the effects of the combinations on serum insulin concentrations (SIC) and blood glucose responses (BGR). In addition, the influence of concentration, depth, and method and site of administration was investigated. In studies of mixtures of regular with NPH and with lente, it was observed that the regular: lente ratio needed to achieve peak SIC was higher than with the regular: NPH combination. Increased SIC, including either the peak and/or the time interval required to achieve the peak, were related to the depth and site (deltoid and abdominal greater than anterior thigh or buttocks). Assuming linear kinetics of absorption, significant quantities of insulin fail to reach the serum. Marked intra- and intersubject variations in SIC and BGR to regular, NPH, and lente insulins were observed. PMID- 7047114 TI - Plasma free insulin profiles after administration of insulin by jet and conventional syringe injection. AB - Plasma free insulin profiles in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects were compared after jet and syringe injection of insulin. Jet injection of insulin resulted in a shift of the free insulin profile to the left. Thus higher plasma free insulin levels were found over the first 30 min after injection (P less than 0.05), while after 240 min plasma free insulin levels were lower than those seen following syringe injection (P less than 0.05). Significant differences in the response of blood glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate levels reflected the differences in plasma free insulin levels. Jet administration results in more rapid absorption of insulin and could be useful in providing a more physiologic postprandial insulin profile than that seen after conventional injection. PMID- 7047115 TI - Improving survival after renal transplantation for diabetic patients with severe coronary artery disease. AB - After successful renal transplantation, seven diabetic renal failure patients with severe coronary artery disease returned to productive employment. Despite the requirement for additional peripheral vascular or ophthalmologic surgery in four patients, their renal function remained adequate. Following transplantation, diabetic complications included angina in three, myocardial infarction in three, and cerebrovascular accident in two patients. Two patients with adequate renal function died suddenly at 29 and 62 mo. Despite severe coronary artery disease, an increasing number of diabetic dialysis patients may be able to return to work after a successful kidney transplant. PMID- 7047116 TI - Hypoglycemic coma associated with subcutaneous insulin infusion by portable pump. AB - The incidence of hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetic patients managed by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) has been reported to be very low. We report a case of hypoglycemia coma occurring in a highly compliant and intelligent patient while on CSII by a portable pump. Factors contributing to this episode included high risk off hypoglycemia due to tight control, failure to recognize early hypoglycemic symptoms, and maintenance of hypoglycemia for over 2 h by the open-loop device. Hypoglycemia is a complication of CSII by portable pump. We join others in recommending its use solely by experienced physicians. Constant supervision of patients while on CSII is important to eliminate this potentially lethal complication. PMID- 7047117 TI - Diabetic management in patients with renal failure. AB - The management of diabetes in patients with renal disease requires understanding of the multiple changes in carbohydrate metabolism that accompany renal failure. A decrease in insulin requirements may occur due to changes in insulin clearance or insulin metabolism. With the onset of uremia, a peripheral resistance to insulin action develops that often requires increased insulin administration, and this resistance can be expected to improve with adequate dialysis. Hypoglycemia may occur as a result of decreased gluconeogenesis, excessive insulin action, or decreased caloric intake. Thus, the treatment of diabetes in the settings of renal failures involves anticipation of changes in insulin sensitivity and insulin dosages. An overall management plan that coordinates diet, insulin, and dialysis where appropriate is most likely to yield optimum diabetic care. PMID- 7047118 TI - The case for routinely testing the first-voided urine specimen. PMID- 7047119 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of calcitonin in semithin sections of plastic embedded rat thyroid. PMID- 7047120 TI - Silicone lymphadenopathy: a report of two cases, one with concomitant malignant lymphoma. AB - Two cases of axillary lymphadenopathy induced by foreign body reaction to silicone particles are presented. Both were patients with longstanding arthritis who had silastic metacarpophalangeal joint implants; one patient also had concomitant lymphoma. The material was conclusively identified as silicone by electron microprobe analysis. With currently increasing numbers of silastic finger joint arthroplasties performed for rheumatoid arthritis, silicone lymphadenopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of axillary node enlargement in these patients. A history of previous silastic arthroplasty may not always be made available to the pathologist but the histological appearances are sufficiently characteristic, in our opinion, to warrant this history being sought. PMID- 7047121 TI - Pituitary-containing benign cystic teratoma of the ovary in a patient with metastatic breast cancer: a case report. PMID- 7047122 TI - The identification and classification of non-hodgkin's lymphoma: A review. PMID- 7047123 TI - Symptomatic maternal intraperitoneal meconium granulomata: report of two cases. AB - We present two cases of histologically proven maternal intraperitoneal granulomata following cesarean section delivery. One patient presented during the immediate postpartum period with clinical symptoms consistent with subphrenic abscess. The other patient required operative intervention for a suspected ruptured tubo-ovarian abscess. In both cases, microscopic examination of the tissue obtained at the time of reoperation showed granuloma reaction, lanugo hair, and fetal squamous cells consistent with meconium deposition. The authors conclude that meconium granuloma should enter the differential diagnosis in cesarean section patients with unexplained postoperative pain. PMID- 7047124 TI - The expression of human chorionic gonadotropin in the female genital tract: localization by the immunoperoxidase technique. AB - Four hundred eighty-eight lesions from 456 patients were surveyed for the production of hCG using the immunoperoxidase technique. HCG immunoreactivity was found in 9.1% of the total number of cases studied. The 10% of ovarian cancers expressing hCG included serous, endometrioid, and germ cell tumors. Eighteen point nine percent of neoplastic cervices were positive for hCG; the highest rate of expression was in invasive cancers. Eighteen point nine percent of endometrial cancers were hCG positive; poorly differentiated tumors had the highest percent of marker expression. The significance of "ectopic" hCG expression in nontrophoblastic gynecologic neoplasms is discussed. PMID- 7047125 TI - [Prolyl-specific endopeptidases in human erythrocyte hemolysates]. PMID- 7047126 TI - Alkylation of mammalian cell DNA, persistence of adducts, and relationship to carcinogenesis. PMID- 7047127 TI - Effects of substituents on reactivity and toxicity of chemically reactive intermediates. PMID- 7047128 TI - Metabolic fate of selected selenium compounds in laboratory animals and man. PMID- 7047129 TI - Mammalian metabolism of orally administered phenothiazine. PMID- 7047130 TI - Verapamil (Isoptin, Knoll; Calan, Searle). AB - Verapamil is a calcium antagonist that is pharmacologically different from other currently marketed antiarrhythmics. It is used for the acute treatment of PSVT and atrial fibrillation and flutter. It appears to be more effective than beta adrenergic blocking agents in the treatment of PSVT. Approximately 80 percent of patients with PSVT will convert to normal sinus rhythm after verapamil 0.075-0.15 mg/kg. Atrial fibrillation and flutter seldom convert to sinus rhythm with verapamil, but it successfully reduces the ventricular rate in 90 percent of these patients. Verapamil is useful for the rapid conversion of PSVT to normal sinus rhythm and for the rapid control of ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and flutter before other antiarrhythmics have taken effect. Because of its short plasma half-life, other agents or cardioversion can be used if verapamil is unsuccessful. The use of verapamil in the treatment of classical and variant angina, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and hypertension is being evaluated. Mild reduction in blood pressure and heart rate may occur with verapamil therapy. Caution must be exercised when verapamil is administered to patients with sinus node disease, advanced AV block, concomitant beta-adrenergic blocking agents, and digitalis intoxication. PMID- 7047132 TI - [On the evaluation of target- resp. interference values for the most essential efficiency figures in intensive swine production by means of electric data processing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047131 TI - [Comparison of different morphometric methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047133 TI - [Rapid serologic diagnosis of canine parvo-virus enteritis by the demonstration of virus-specific IgM antibodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047134 TI - [Investigations on local infections in nutrias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047135 TI - [The quantitative determination of insulin in the blood serum of cattle with an enzyme-immuno-assay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047136 TI - [Cervix uteri stenosis in swine]. PMID- 7047138 TI - [From smoke sauna to monitored childbirth]. PMID- 7047137 TI - Management of tardive dyskinesia: current update. AB - Tardive dyskinesia is now widely recognised as a neurological side effect produced in susceptible individuals by ingestion of neuroleptics. In general, the disorder tends to be late in onset, but has also been reported in a small number of individuals who have received neuroleptics for only brief periods. Much effort has been spent searching for predisposing factors, but the only consistent findings are that subjects are usually elderly (and elderly females in particular), in addition to having been exposed to neuroleptic agents. More recently, the increased finding of the presence of buccolingual facial movements in elderly populations never exposed to neuroleptics may bring out a re evaluation of the role of these agents in the aetiology of tardive dyskinesia. Although much information on tardive dyskinesia has accrued in recent years, the precise definition, subtypes and pathophysiology remain unclear. With the development and availability of standardised rating scales, the clinical description of tardive dyskinesia has expanded from the initial buccolingual masticatory syndrome to include various abnormal movements of the fingers, arms, legs etc. Efforts have been made to distinguish withdrawal tardive dyskinesia from persistent tardive dyskinesia, but, irrespective of the classification, the disorder is in many instances reversible. However, it is impossible at present to predict the reversibility of each patient: therefore early detection of tardive dyskinesia remains an important clinical goal. Pharmacological treatments are based on the currently accepted hypothesis of dopamine receptor hypersensitivity. Selective dopamine blockers (D2) which suppress tardive dyskinesia without causing an increase in Parkinsonian symptoms are at various stages of development. Acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) also appear to play a reciprocal role with dopamine as seen by moderate success using cholinergics and 'GABAergics'. However, there is no completely satisfactory treatment at present, indicating that prevention must be the primary aim. Above all, clinicians should carefully evaluate the indication for neuroleptic drugs, and avoid their use in conditions which may be treated with more benign drugs. A strategy for management of tardive dyskinesia is presented, and indications for withdrawing or continuing neuroleptics, the treatment of withdrawal dyskinesias and the role of experimental therapies are discussed. PMID- 7047139 TI - [The child, parents and day care]. PMID- 7047140 TI - [The proceedings of the "Duodecim" centennial]. PMID- 7047141 TI - Infant and young child feeding. An annotated bibliography. PMID- 7047142 TI - [Effect of cavity liners in adhesive fillings]. PMID- 7047143 TI - [Effect of different composites and amalgam on the gingiva]. PMID- 7047144 TI - [Clinical functional analysis in the stromatognathic system]. PMID- 7047145 TI - [Immunological structure of the dental cuticle with special reference to the transformation processes in bacterial colonization]. PMID- 7047146 TI - [New antidepressant multicenter study in hospitalized patients: quinupramine (author's transl)]. AB - Quinupramine is a novel and original antidepressant due to its selective and specific affinity for central muscarinic receptors and the lack of subsequent metabolites. These properties enable its use at low doses i.e. tablets and ampoules are dosed at 2.5 mg. A multi-centre trial with quinupramine was conducted in 25 hospital centers, involving 364 patients suffering from all types of depression, of which more than a third constituted by endogenous depression. The results indicated genuine antidepressant activity with notable achievement of manic swing. Its profile appears to be balanced with simultaneous improvement in mood disorders, psychomotor inhibition and insomnia. The onset of activity is rapid (about 8 days in half the cases). Tolerance was considered to be very good, while minimal side-effects only very rarely warranted corrective treatment. Quinupramine appears to be equally active as the reference antidepressants and is particularly well tolerated. PMID- 7047147 TI - Differential effect of althesin versus chloralose-urethane anesthesia on in vivo LHRH and LH release in the proestrous rat. AB - Anesthetic doses of Althesin and chloralose-urethane were compared as to their effects on neuroendocrine reproductive processes in diestrous and proestrous rats. Proestrous rats treated with Althesin experienced a 5-fold increase in immuno-reactive luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) concentration in methanolic extracts of pituitary stalk plasma. This LHRH increase was 67% greater than that of proestrous rats administered chloralose-urethane. Moreover, Althesin given before the onset of the critical period did not suppress the proestrous surge of LHRH in stalk plasma. The Duncan's multiple range test indicated stalk plasma LHRH activity was significantly elevated in proestrous rats anesthetized with Althesin (p less than 0.05) but not with chloralose-urethane. However, the luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration in peripheral plasma increased 14 to 18 fold in all proestrous rats, including those anesthetized with chloralose urethane. Evidently, in chloralose-urethane-treated rats, the smaller LHRH surge during proestrus is sufficient to elicit maximum release of LH from the anterior pituitary gland. This suggest that under normal conditions the amount of LHRH secreted into portal blood during proestrus is approximately 2-fold greater than that necessary to elicit maximum secretion of LH. The results also show that picogram concentrations of LH in the stalk plasma will stimulate the release of nanogram quantities of LH into the peripheral plasma of the same rats. Moreover, the sensitivity of the pituitary gland to LHRH stimulation via the portal circulation increases nearly 3-fold between diestrus and proestrus. PMID- 7047148 TI - Temporal pattern of secretion of renin in the hemorrhaged dog. AB - The rate of renin secretion (product of renal plasma flow and the arteriovenous difference for plasma renin concentration) was measured by continuous collection of 2-min samples of arterial and left renal venous blood with continuous electromagnetic monitoring of left renal blood flow in 5 anesthetized male mongrel dogs. Measurements were made for 1 h before and at least 53 min after withdrawal of 16 ml blood/kg BW in 2 min. During the 1-h control period, there were no significant changes in measured variables. The hemorrhage was followed by a sustained reduction in average mean arterial blood pressure to 78.5 +/- 2.24% (SD) of average control values and by a sustained reduction in average renal blood flow to 87.3 +/- 4.47% (SD) of average control values. An increase in rate of secretion of renin began during the hemorrhage in every animal. The increase was transient, reaching a peak at 3-5 min and a nadir at 5-11 min after initiation of hemorrhage. At the peak, the mean value was 1996.9 +/- 977.6% (SE) of mean control, and at the nadir, it was 87.6 +/- 44.7% (SE) of mean control. After the initial treatment increase there was a gradual irregular mean increase in the rate of renin secretion. These data demonstrate that the immediate changes in rate of renin secretion in response to a brief hemorrhage sufficient to cause sustained hypotension are biphasic. This characteristic must be taken into account in modeling regulation of renin secretion and in planning experiments. PMID- 7047149 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of glucose-induced insulin release: effect of aminooxyacetate upon nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion. AB - A possible role for the transfer of reducing equivalents between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic pools in the process of nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion was investigated by exposing rat pancreatic islets to aminooxyacetate, which inhibits transamination reactions and, hence, could impair the operation of the malate aspartate shuttle. Aminooxyacetate (5.0 mM) decreased by 72-79% the transamination of exogenous pyruvate, L-leucine, or 2-ketoisocaproate but failed to affect the oxidation of glucose, L-leucine, or 2-ketoisocaproate and reduced by no more than 28-31% the oxidation of L-glutamine. In the 0.5-5.0 mM range, aminooxyacetate caused a dose-related inhibition of nutrient-stimulated insulin release, and lowered the cellular malate to pyruvate ratio. In the absence of both extracellular Ca2+ and exogenous nutrient, aminooxyacetate also inhibited the insulin release evoked by the combination of Ba2+ and theophylline. These findings suggest that a transfer of reducing equivalents to extramitochondrial sites participates in the process of insulin release, whether the latter involves the oxidation of exogenous or endogenous nutrients. PMID- 7047150 TI - Regulation of the adrenocortical response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. PMID- 7047151 TI - Further studies on the role of angiotensin in the osmotic control of vasopressin release by the organ-cultured rat hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system. PMID- 7047152 TI - Cardiovascular, sympathetic, and renin-angiotensin system responses to hemorrhage in vasopressin-deficient rats. AB - To determine if the subnormal blood pressure recovery after hemorrhage in Brattleboro rats is due to secondary abnormalities in the renin-angiotensin or sympathetic nervous systems, we measured the hemodynamic, catecholamine, and renin activity responses to moderate acute hemorrhage in anesthetized Brattleboro rats. Results were compared to responses in groups of animals matched for either age or weight. Blood pressure recovery was significantly blunted (P less than 0.01) in Brattleboro rats compared to that in either control group, but heart rate responses were similar. Basal plasma norepinephrine was significantly higher in Brattleboro rats than in controls (P less than 0.001), but the response to hemorrhage was not significantly different. Both plasma epinephrine levels and renin activity were significantly higher before hemorrhage and increased more after hemorrhage in vasopressin-deficient animals. Plasma vasopressin in controls increased approximately 10-fold, reaching levels of 790 +/- 140 pg/ml in age matched controls and 425 +/- 60 pg/ml in weight-matched controls. Vasopressin levels in Brattleboro rats were undetectable both before and after hemorrhage. We conclude from these data that the subnormal blood pressure recovery observed in vasopressin-deficient rats is not due to secondary abnormalities of the renin angiotensin or sympathetic nervous systems, but, instead, is related more directly to the vasopressin deficiency. PMID- 7047153 TI - A case report of pseudohypoparathyroidism (Drezner's type I) associated with probable Bartter's syndrome. AB - A 24-yr-old male patient that suffered from chronic tetany since school age. At the age of 20 tetanic convulsions occurred due to hypocalcemia. His mother also had chronic tetany due to pseudohypoparathyroidism. At the age of 24, hypocalcemia caused by pseudohypoparathyroidism was noted. Hypopotassemia persisted even when the hypocalcemia improved with the administration of 1 alpha hydroxycholecalciferol and calcium lactate. Other findings were normal blood pressure, high levels of plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone, a fall in blood pressure after angiotensin II antagonist infusion, blunted pressor response to angiotensin II infusion and hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular cells. These results were compatible with Bartter's syndrome. Plasma prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha in standing position were suppressed after indomethacin administration. To our knowledge this is thought to be the first report of a case of pseudohypoparathyroidism associated with probable Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 7047154 TI - Insulin binding of erythrocytes in hypoinsulinemic diabetics and its relationship to metabolic states. AB - We studied the insulin binding of erythrocytes from 26 "well-controlled" (FBG less than 120 mg/dl), and 28 "poorly-controlled" (FBG less than 120 mg/dl) non obese diabetic patients, and 51 age-matched normal subjects. The capacity of insulin receptors was significantly decreased in well controlled (33.7 +/- 2.2) and poorly controlled (32.4 +/- 2.3) groups compared with normal subjects (43.1 +/- 2.3 sites/cell), while fasting insulin levels of diabetics were comparable to normal subjects but their insulin response to a glucose challenge was considerably decreased. However, the "empty sites" affinity (Ke) was significantly increased in both the well controlled group (5.2 +/- 0.3) and the poorly controlled group (4.8 +/- 0.3) compared with normal subjects (4.0 +/- 0.2 X 10(8) M-1). Thus, the capacity of insulin receptors to bind erythrocytes was decreased but binding affinity was increased in hypoinsulinemic diabetics. The amount of insulin bound in well-controlled diabetics was comparable to that in control subjects at physiological insulin concentrations. PMID- 7047155 TI - Effect of age and sex on insulin binding to human erythrocytes. AB - Insulin binding to erythrocytes from normal subjects over a wide range of ages (group I, cord blood; group II, Age 6M to 6 yrs; group III, 7 to 19 yrs; group IV, 20 to 59 yrs, group V, over 60 yrs of age) was determined using modified Gambhir's method and the effect of age and sex on the binding was evaluated. The highest insulin binding to cord blood erythrocytes was accounted for by the increased number of reticulocytes since there was a highly significant correlation between insulin binding and the reticulocyte count (r = 0.928, p less than 0.001). Group IV showed significantly higher binding than younger are groups II and III. The mean binding in group V was the highest among all age groups except for group I, although the differences failed to reach statistical significance. The receptor concentrations (R0) were comparable among groups except group I which had a slightly increased R0. The affinity of insulin receptors was the lowest in group I and II, and gradually increased with the age and a positive correlation (p less than 0.01) was obtained between age and Ke. This increase in affinity with age is considered an adaptive response to the intracellular metabolic derangement often seen in the aged. No effect of sex on insulin binding was seen before puberty. However, in normal adults insulin binding of the female tended to be lower than that of the male with slightly increased R0 and decreased affinity in the female. Thus, the slightly decreased binding of the female group was mainly accounted for by the decreased affinity although the difference in the affinity was not significant. PMID- 7047156 TI - The histaminergic mechanism of neurotensin-induced glucagon release from isolated rat pancreatic islets. AB - Isolated rat pancreatic islets were preincubated in a medium with 16.7 mM glucose and incubated with 5.5 mM glucose. Both histamine (100 microM) and neurotensin (100 nM) stimulated glucagon release from the isolated islets, but not insulin release. The stimulation of glucagon release occurred in the presence of 10 and 100 nM neurotensin, while the release of insulin was inhibited in the presence of 1 and 10 nM neurotensin. The neurotensin-induced glucagon release was completely inhibited by 1 mM metiamide, an histamine H2-receptor antagonist, added to the incubation medium and not inhibited by 1 mM diphenhydramine, an histamine H1 receptor antagonist. The results indicate that the histaminergic mechanism, including the H2-receptor system, may be involved in neurotensin-induced glucagon release from the endocrine pancreas. PMID- 7047157 TI - Homogeneous substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay for carbamazepine. AB - Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant drug useful in the management of epilepsy. Because of the narrow therapeutic range, serum carbamazepine monitoring is useful for ensuring adequate drug therapy without toxicity. We report the development of a homogeneous substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay for carbamazepine in human serum. A carbamazepine fluorogenic reagent (FR) has been synthesized. Upon hydrolysis by beta-galactosidase, the nonfluorescent FR produces a fluorescent product. This enzymic hydrolysis sin inhibited when the FR binds with antibody against carbamazepine. The inhibition is relieved when carbamazepine competes with FR for available antibody binding sites. Thus, increasing levels of carbamazepine result in increasing levels of fluorescence that can be conveniently monitored with any conventional fluorometer. For low, medium, and high control sera (4, 12, and 16 micrograms carbamazepine/ml), the within-run coefficient of variation for the assay is 5.5%, 1.6%, and 2.9%, respectively, while the respective between-run coefficients of variation are 3.5%, 1.9%, and 2.3%. Fifty-three clinical serum samples were assayed by the SLFIA, gas chromatography (GC), high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and an enzyme immunoassay method. The SLFIA method compares favorably with the HPLC technique (r - 0.97, slope = 1.10, y-intercept = 1.21), the enzyme immunoassay (r = 0.98, slope = 1.07, y-intercept = 0.82), and the GC method (r = 0.95, slope = 1.01, y intercept = -0.03). PMID- 7047158 TI - Comparison of microsomal inducer pretreatment on the in vitro alpha-hydroxylation and mutagenicity of N-Nitrosopyrrolidine in rat and hamster liver. AB - The effect of modifiers of liver mixed function oxidase activity on the in vitro alpha-hydroxylation and mutagenicity of N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) has been examined in rats and hamsters. Hamster post-mitochondrial supernatants were able to convert NPYR to a mutagen more efficiently than rat preparations under all conditions studied. Aroclor 1254 pretreatment caused the greatest increase in mutagenic activity in both species while phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment gave intermediate values when compared to uninduced preparations. Microsomal alpha-hydroxylation of NPYR was induced by Aroclor 1254 pretreatment in both species. Pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene increased alpha hydroxylation in hamsters but decreased it in rats. Phenobarbital pretreatment only slightly increased microsomal alpha-hydroxylation in either species. When microsomal alpha-hydroxylation rates were expressed per gram wet weight of liver, better agreement between rates of alpha-hydroxylation and mutagenicity in phenobarbital pretreated animals was obtained since inducer associated changes in total microsomal protein content were taken into account. An example of differential induction of an activation pathway (alpha-hydroxylation) and a degradative pathway (aldehyde dehydrogenase) is presented to illustrate a potential source of error in the interpretation of metabolic data obtained from post-microsomal supernatants and whole animal studies. PMID- 7047159 TI - Microbial detection of mutagenic nitro-organic compounds in filtrates of coal fly ash. AB - The presence of mutagenic nitro-organic compounds on coal fly ash was indicated by the greatly reduced microbial mutagenicity of the ash filtrates with nitroreductase-deficient strains of Salmonella typhimurium compared to their corresponding parental strains. Addition of the liver S-9 microsomal enzyme preparation significantly increased the mutagenic activities of the ash extracts. Extracts of fly ash mutagens were prepared with horse serum, dimethyl sulfoxide, or azeotropic benzene/methanol mixture. The data were normalized to net revertants per 10(8) Salmonella typhimurium cells per milligram of ash used. This normalization procedure is essential for interpretation of comparative results. Both four-way and three-way analyses of variance were used to simultaneously evaluate the differences between solvent extracts, fly ash mutagen, S-9 activation, and nitroreductase-deficient strains and their parental strains. Of the three extraction systems tested, benzene/methanol azeotropic mixture was generally found to have the highest extraction power, and horse serum was the lowest. The results show that overall 87.5% (+/- 1.8 SE) of the mutagenic activity of the fly ash was associated with nitro-organic compounds. PMID- 7047160 TI - The properties of the tRNA . protein complex of the Escherichia coli ribosome. Interaction with tRNA, 5-S RNA and 30-S ribosomal subunit. AB - A complex between immobilized tRNA and Escherichia coli 50-S ribosomal subunit proteins provides binding sites for several other components of the protein biosynthesis system. We found that this complex binds 5-S RNA. tRNA and 30-S ribosomal subunits. The binding of 5-S RNA and tRNA takes place at equilibrium; in 10 mM Tris/HCl buffer pH 7.5, containing 10 mM MgCl2 and 100 mM KCl at 4 degrees C it is characterized by the dissociation constants 1.7 X 10(-7) M and 4 X 10(-7) M respectively. We show that the performed complex between tRNA and 50-S ribosomal subunit protein can bind these two RNAs simultaneously by forming a subribosomal domain consisting of two molecules of tRNA, 5-S RNA and the ribosomal proteins L2, L15, L16, L17, L18, L22, L33 and L34. The preformed tRNA . protein complex interacts also with the 30-S ribosomal subunit, suggesting that is located at the ribosomal interface. PMID- 7047161 TI - Polynucleotide . ribosomal-protein complexes and their decoding properties. AB - Polyadenylic acid, polycytidylic acid, polyuridylic acid or phage MS2 RNA, immobilized on Sepharose, form a complex with Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins. Regardless of their particular nucleotide composition, all four polynucleotides bind an invariable set of proteins consisting of S1, S3, S4, S5, S9, S13, L2 and L17. We found that these polynucleotide . protein complexes bind tRNA. Furthermore, it was possible to show that the poly(A) . protein and poly(U) . protein complexes select efficiently their cognate tRNAs, tRNALys and tRNAPhe respectively. This important functional property of the polynucleotide . protein complexes suggests that these ribosomal proteins belong in the ribosome to a functional domain responsible for the decoding of mRNA. PMID- 7047162 TI - The lysosomal proteinase of Artemia. Purification and characterization. AB - One single lysosomal proteinase has been found in the dormant gastrulae of Artemia. The enzyme has been purified to homogeneity and characterized. It is a thiol, cathepsin-B-like proteinase with an apparent molecular weight of 68 000 and is composed of a single polypeptide chain. The proteinase is a glycoprotein, a characteristic feature of lysosomal enzymes. PMID- 7047163 TI - Biological activity of chemically synthesized analogues of lipid A. Demonstration of adjuvant effect in hapten-sensitized liposomal system. AB - The adjuvant effect of synthetic analogues of lipid A was investigated in mice in vivo. Two of the five synthetic lipid A analogues showed adjuvant activity when they were incorporated into dipalmitoylglycerophosphocholine-cholesterol dipalmitoylglycerophosphate liposomes sensitized with trinitrophenylaminocaproylglycerophosphoethanolamine. The minimum structure for an adjuvant effect in the liposomal immunogen system was 1-monophosphate of 6-0 (2-deoxy-2-tetradecanoylamino-6-0-tetradecanoyl-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-2 tetradecanoyl-amino-3,4-di-O-tetradecanoyl-D-glucopyranose. PMID- 7047164 TI - Prevalence of group B streptococci in parturient mothers and their infants. AB - Eighty pregnant women and their newborn infants were studied for the presence of group B Beta hemolytic streptococci (G.B.S.). G.B.S. were recovered from endocervical cultures in 5 (6.5%) women and 2 (2.5%) had positive throat cultures. Six (7.5%) infants had umbilical and external ear cultures positive for G.B.S. Four infants presented with clinical signs of respiratory distress. All infected infants were treated with penicillin and gentamycin. One case developed fulminant sepsis and died in spite of early diagnosis and treatment. This study shows a high incidence of G.B.S. infection and sepsis with a high mortality rate. PMID- 7047165 TI - Leukocyte adherence inhibition assay in human pulmonary neoplasia. AB - The hemocytometer leukocyte adherence inhibition technique was used to study cell mediated immuno-activity of patients with lung cancer. KCl extracts (3.5 M) from the lung cancer cell line Calu-1 and the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 were used as antigens. Of 138 patients with lung cancer, 85% showed a positive response against the Calu-1 antigen. The response was independent of the histological type of the tumor and was the same among untreated patients, patients undergoing different types of treatment and patients who died within 3 months after blood collection. Twenty-five percent of the untreated lung cancer patients also reacted against the breast cancer antigen. Among lung cancer patients undergoing different types of treatment, 36% reacted while 50% of the patients who died within 3 months after blood collection reacted against the breast cancer antigen. PMID- 7047166 TI - Membrane marker studies with anti-T, anti-Ia (DR) and anti-myeloblast antisera in acute leukaemias. PMID- 7047167 TI - Treatment of widespread skin infiltration in acute myeloblastic leukaemia with superficial penetrating whole body electron beam therapy. PMID- 7047168 TI - Impaired effect of sulfonylurea following increased dosage. AB - Ten Type 2 diabetics were examined during long-term treatment, at two dosage levels, with chlorpropamide once daily and glipizide t.i.d. Drug concentrations were measured by gas chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography, respectively, plasma insulin (IRI) by radio-immunoassay, and blood glucose enzymatically. Both drugs gave continuous sulfonylurea exposure, even at the lower dosage, and the mean plasma concentrations were almost doubled after the increase in dose. Neither the IRI nor the glucose response to meals showed any therapeutic improvement following the increase in chlorpropamide dosage. The lower dosage of glipizide produced better glucose utilization than chlorpropamide. On the other hand, the increased dose of glipizide led to impairment instead of further improvement. As this was associated with enhanced rather than reduced IRI levels, the impairment might have been due to increased peripheral insulin resistance. Thus, glipizide offers a therapeutic advantage over chlorpropamide, but its effectiveness may be restricted not only by limitations set by the disease, but also by counter-regulatory mechanisms that develop during continuous exposure to sulfonylureas at high levels. PMID- 7047169 TI - Influence of sulfonylureas on the secretion, disposal and effect of insulin. AB - The influence of sulfonylurea on the secretion, disposal and effect of insulin was studied in 9 Type 2 diabetics during 3 one-month courses of treatment with a) chlorpropamide (t1/2 greater than 24 h) once daily, b) glipizide (t1/2 = 2-4 h) once daily, and c) glipizide in divided doses. Food intake by each patient was identical during each period. Blood concentrations of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and C-peptide (radioimmunoassays), and of glucose (enzymatic assay), chlorpropamide (gas chromatography) and glipizide (high-pressure liquid chromatography) were determined before and after breakfast and lunch on the 4th day of each examination period. All comparisons were intraindividual. Despite the lunch-time dose of glipizide given during the divided dose treatment, once-daily administration of this drug led to higher drug concentrations not only after breakfast but also for the first few hours after lunch. Divided dosage, on the other hand, led to higher concentrations later. In contrast to once-daily dosage, continuous exposure to glipizide was found in most patients. Chlorpropamide gave the most continuous sulfonylurea exposure. The blood glucose levels were inversely related to the concurrent sulfonylurea concentrations; glucose levels after breakfast and lunch were lowest during once-daily glipizide, whereas the fasting level was lowest during chlorpropamide treatment. The IRI response to breakfast was 60%-70% higher during once-daily glipizide than during the other two treatments but the C-peptide responses to breakfast were almost identical. Thus, the greater after-breakfast availability of peripheral insulin appeared to be due to an effect of glipizide on the extrapancreatic disposal of the hormone. PMID- 7047170 TI - Prazosin depression of baroreflex function in hypertensive man. AB - Prazosin is a post synaptic alpha adrenergic blocker effective in hypertension, whose hypotensive effect is unaccompanied by reflex tachycardia or hyperreninemia, nor by other evidence of increased sympathetic activity. We studied the baroreceptor reflex arc as a potential mediator of these effects. Twenty-two essential hypertensive men were treated with prazosin alone versus placebo, and experienced a blood pressure fall (from 114.8 +/- 3.6 down to 101.1 +/- 2.5 mmHg, p less than 0.005) unaccompanied by any change in heart rate, plasma renin activity, or several other indices of sympathetic nervous system activity (plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity; urinary excretion of free catecholamines and vanillyl mandelic acid; all p less than 0.1). Concomitant with the blood pressure fall, there was a significant depression of baroreflex arc sensitivity, from 11.4 +/- 2.0 ms/mmHg down to 6.6 +/- 1.9 ms/mmHg (p less than 0.05), without an associated change in cardiac vagal inhibition (291.2 +/- 46.2 versus 300.3 +/- 19.2 ms, p greater than 0.1). Baroreflex arc sensitivity depression may in part explain the lack of reflex sympathetic outflow noted during prazosin treatment of hypertension. PMID- 7047171 TI - A comparison of diazepam and phenoperidine in premedication for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a randomized double blind controlled study. AB - A variety of agents are used as premedication for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (U.G.E.). To our knowledge, no double blind studies have been performed to compare their value. In this study phenoperidine (2 mg i.v.) was compared with diazepam (t mg i.v.) in 200 consecutive patients undergoing elective U.G.E. The study was randomized and double blind in regard to both endoscopists and patients. All patients were given atropine (0.4 mg i.v.) and a throat spray with 2% amethocaine. Patients who needed supplemental medication were given diazepam and excluded from final analysis. A graded questionnaire was recorded by endoscopists and patients after U.G.E., and a further anonymous questionnaire was returned by patients four days later. Statistical analysis revealed that phenoperidine was superior at facilitating intubation and providing more relaxation as judged by the endoscopist. Patient questionnaires, four days after U.G.E., indicated less distress during intubation and examination with phenoperidine. Nausea, vomiting, amnesia and phlebitis were uncommon after either phenoperidine or diazepam. PMID- 7047172 TI - Metergoline versus bromocriptine in the prevention of puerperal lactation. A double-blind clinical trial. AB - In a double blind study of the prevention of puerperal lactation, the clinical efficacy of two antiprolactin drugs was compared: metergoline 4 mg tid and bromocriptine 2.5 mg bid were both given for 7 days. An additional 7 days of treatment was administered to 16 patients in whom mammary activity was still present or appeared in the following 3 days. The first 7 day period of treatment was effective in 16/20 women receiving metergoline and in 7/20 on bromocriptine (p less than 0.02); the second period of treatment was effective in all remaining patients. These data indicate that metergoline acts rapidly to arrest puerperal lactation, possibly by a mechanism different from that of bromocriptine. PMID- 7047173 TI - Penbutolol (Hoe 893d) in primary hypertension. Blood pressure effects, tolerance and plasma concentrations. AB - Penbutolol (Hoe 893d), a long-acting non-selective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, was given once daily to 23 patients with primary hypertension, WHO Stages I-II. The dose (50-100mg) needed to achieve the therapeutic goal, i.e. supine diastolic BP less than 95 mm Hg, was titrated individually. On a daily dose of penbutolol 83 +/- 19 mg (mean +/- SD) blood pressure (BP, mean +/- SD) fell from 180 +/- 21/112 +/- 8 mmHg on placebo to 154 +/- 25/94 +/- 14 mmHg. 18 patients who reached the therapeutic goal (responders) continued in a double blind, cross over study versus placebo, during which the supine BP fell on average 20/10 mmHg on the same dose of penbutolol, and 2/1 mmHg on placebo. Plasma concentrations (mean +/- SD) of free 0.10 +/- 0.07 microgram/ml) and total (2.02 +/- 1.39 microgram/ml) penbutolol did not differ between responders and nonresponders, and were not correlated with the fall in BP. Side effects were mild and mostly well tolerated. One patient developed dermatitis and another an elevation of liver enzymes. PMID- 7047174 TI - Human natural killer-like activity against mouse spleen cells. AB - Unstimulated human peripheral lymphocytes were cytotoxic for normal mouse spleen cells and suppressed the in vitro antibody plaque-forming cell (PFC) response of these cells to sheep red blood cells and dinitrophenylated Ficoll. The cells in the lymphocyte population that were responsible for the immunosuppression had properties of natural killer (NK) or NK-like cells in that they were: (a) non-E rosetting, (b) nonadherent, (c) unaffected by treatment with anti-human immunoglobulin plus complement, (d) cytotoxic against an established human NK target, K562 leukemic cells, and (e) partially inactivated by mitomycin C. Addition of the human NK-like cells to mouse spleen cell cultures at the time of antigen addition and at an effector cell to target cell ratio as low as 0.67:1 resulted in 85 to 96% suppression of the PFC response. Addition of NK-like cells to cultures 18 h before harvesting in 5-day cultures required higher concentrations and ratios (2.7:1) of effector to target cells to significantly suppress the PFC response. The data suggest that human NK-like activity in suppression of the mouse PFC response is due to killing of the targets. The mouse spleen cell PFC system represents a potential model for assessment of human NK activity that is quite dramatic in its effect and can be used in addition to the well known 51Cr-release assay. Also, since the mouse spleen cell is a normal cell, it provides a model in the PFC system for studying the mechanism of NK regulation of normal cellular function. An additional finding of this study was the observation that E-rosetting T cells significantly enhanced the mouse PFC response. Thus, human peripheral lymphocytes contain discrete cellular population that either enhance or suppress the mouse PFC response. PMID- 7047175 TI - Soluble factors in tolerance and contact sensitivity to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene in mice. IV. Characterization of migration inhibition factor-producing lymphocytes and genetic requirements for activation. AB - The production of migration inhibition factor (MIF) in vitro by lymph node cells from mice with contact sensitivity to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) was investigated. MIF activity of cell-free culture supernatants was measured using a micro, indirect "hanging-drop" assay system. We found that DNFB-sensitized lymph node cells are stimulated to produce MIF by co-culture with DNP-labeled spleen cells or splenic adherent cells. The stimulation was quantitatively antigen specific, as co-culture with TNP-spleen cells or TNP-splenic adherent cells induced only low levels of MIF activity. Pretreating the immune lymph node cells with different antisera plus complement, before addition of DNP-spleen cells, showed that MIF production is dependent on Ia- T cells. Additional experiments showed that in order for the T cells to be stimulated, homology at the I-A subregion of the major histocompatibility complex between the T cells and DNP spleen cells is required. Collectively, these results correlate with our previous finding that transfer of contact sensitivity is mediated by Ia- T cells and indicate that both tests, i.e., transfer in vivo and MIF production in vitro, are measuring effector functions of the same T cell subset. PMID- 7047176 TI - A characterization of kyotorphin (Tyr-Arg)-induced antinociception. AB - Intracerebroventricular administration of kyotorphin (Tyr-Arg) or Tyr-D-Arg to mice or intrathecal administration of kyotorphin to rats resulted in a dose dependent, long-lasting, naloxone-reversible analgesia as measured by the 48 degrees C hot plate assay. The potency of kyotorphin was equal to that of Met enkephalin although its duration of action was substantially longer. Cross tolerance to kyotorphin could be demonstrated in animals made tolerant to morphine by chronic morphine pellet implantation. Kyotorphin was found to be inactive against column purified enkephalinase A, B and aminopeptidase and indirect evidence would suggest a lack of Met-enkephalin-releasing effect. Thus, kyotorphin represents a unique, naturally occurring peptide with in vivo narcotic like characteristics and an unknown mechanism of action quite distinct from other opioid peptides. PMID- 7047177 TI - Effects of thiorphan on the antinociceptive actions of intrathecal [D-Ala2,Met5] enkephalin. AB - The intrathecal administration of thiorphan (dl-3-mercapto-2-benzylpropranoyl glycine) had no effect in doses up to 70 microgram on the rat hot plate and tail flick. Administrations of these doses of thiorphan concurrently or up to 1 h prior to the intrathecal administration of [D-Ala2, Met5] enkephalin resulted in a dose dependent, leftward shift in the peptide dose response curve. The potentiation was maximal with 35 micrograms, higher doses producing no greater potentiation. The potentiated effects of [D-Ala2,Met5] enkephalin were totally antagonized by systemically administered naloxone. Similarly, in the primate, concurrent administration of thiorphan alone in doses up to 70 microgram, had little effect on the hot plate or tail flick in the rat. 200 microgram resulted in a significant increase in hot plate, but not tail flick response latency. The increase observed on the hot plate, was partially antagonized by naloxone. In the primate, doses of intrathecal thiorphan (400-800 microgram) had no effect on the shock titration threshold. Higher doses resulted in an increase in the titration threshold, which was not antagonized by naloxone. These experiments appear to indicate the relevance of the thiorphan-sensitive inactivation system in the spinal cord to the relative potency of exogenously administered opioid peptides. PMID- 7047178 TI - Methyltetrahydrofolate as an antagonist of excitatory amino acids on spinal neurones. AB - Folate and N5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate (MTHF) have been reported to have excitatory effects upon cortical neurones, possibly due to interaction with kainate receptors. On spinal neurones these compounds have been found inactive as excitants; however MTHF is a weak antagonist of kainate and N-methyl-D-aspartate excitations, and less effectively blocks quisqualate also. It thus resembles the antagonist 2,3-piperidine dicarboxylate. PMID- 7047179 TI - Effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) on vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation in the normal and ischemic canine heart. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) has been shown to have a number of beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. However, its effects on ventricular electrical properties remain unexplored. We studied the effects of this naturally occurring humoral agent on ventricular vulnerability in the normal heart and in two models of myocardial ischemia: coronary artery occlusion and release and ergonovine-induced coronary vasoconstriction. Prostacyclin lowered the vulnerable period threshold in the normal animal. PGI2 had no effect on ventricular vulnerability when the blood pressure was controlled with phenylephrine and was not protective during either occlusion or release. However, when blood pressure was controlled, PGI2 did not reverse the vasoconstrictor and profibrillatory effects of ergonovine. PMID- 7047180 TI - Association of crystallins with the plasma membrane. PMID- 7047182 TI - In vitro and in vivo specificities of purified thymic factors inhibiting graft versus-host reaction. AB - A calf thymic factor has been prepared by extraction in distilled water, followed by selective precipitation with ethanol and ammonium sulfate. The non-dialysable fraction obtained by this method was further purified by a preparative electrofocusing technique which allows the isolation of two fractions which can specifically inhibit, in vitro, without toxicity or species specificity, spontaneous DNA synthesis in hemopoietic cell suspensions. When injected in vivo in mice, 3 days after immunization with SRBC, both these fractions exhibited immunosuppressive properties. In contrast, they were without any effect on a thymus-independent antibody response to TNP-LPS, whatever the day of administration. Still more important, in vitro pretreatment of lymphoid cells by the purified fractions inhibits their ability to elicit a graft-versus-host reaction when injected to histo-incompatible recipients. PMID- 7047181 TI - Lymphocytes as inducers of mitoses of human morphologically identifiable progenitor cells. Phase contrast observations. AB - Phase contrast time lapse observations of human bone marrow cells demonstrate the induction of progenitor cell mitoses or amitoses by the touch of locomotive lymphocytes on the cell surface. Interkinetic progenitor cells as well as precursor cells before mitosis were very rarely touched by lymphocytes. We suppose this cell-cell interaction is essential in the T-cell participation in hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. PMID- 7047183 TI - The origin of the hematopoietic microenvironment in continuous bone marrow culture. AB - Marrow-derived adherent cells (MDAC) have been shown to provide a microenvironment which supports the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in continuous bone marrow culture. A study was undertaken to investigate the origin of MDAC. Normal CBA mice were transplanted with marrow cells from CBA donors bearing two T6 chromosomes. Five weeks after transplantation, the mice were sacrificed, their marrow cells explanted in liquid culture and the numbers of T6 positive and T6 negative mitoses were monitored during cultivation of MDAC. After 6 weeks, established MDAC monolayers were recharged with second explants of marrow cells and their capacity to support HSC proliferation in continuous marrow culture was assessed. The number of T6 positive mitoses declined steadily during the period of MDAC cultivation and none were detected after 4 weeks. The MDAC monolayers were able to support in vitro proliferation of CFUs for periods of at least 5 weeks. These results suggest that the in vitro hematopoietic microenvironment was of recipient origin and therefore stromal. PMID- 7047184 TI - A critical review of the role of precipitins in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. PMID- 7047185 TI - Chest physiotherapy: a review. AB - Postural drainage enhances mucociliary clearance and produces larger sputum volumes than an equivalent control period in disease characterised by excessive tracheobronchial secretions. Postural drainage, percussion and vibration will improve pulmonary function only in patients with large sputum volumes. There is no evidence that sputum yield is increased by the addition of percussion and vibration. From radioaerosol studies effective cough is limited to central airways. Breathing exercises may be of some immediate value in asthma but are without long term advantages and probably do not alter the ventilation of the underlying lung. IPPB probably does not improve delivery of bronchodilators and is of no benefit (and possible harmful) in the long term treatment of chronic bronchitis. Infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis not characterised by copious volumes of sputum, uncomplicated pneumonia and routine post-operative states are not indications for chest physiotherapy. The value of regular physiotherapy on ventilation, gas exchange, work of breathing and incidence of infective exacerbations is uncertain but exercise training and rehabilitation of chronic obstructive airways disease improves exercise tolerance and mobility. PMID- 7047186 TI - The Clara cell. AB - The Clara cells are a group of cells, sometimes called "nonciliated bronchiolar secretory cells", found in the bronchiolar epithelium of mammals including man, and in the upper airways of some species such as mice. Their secretory function is assumed from their ultrastructural appearance, that usually includes copious smooth endoplasmic reticulum, many apical mitochondria and scanty secretory-like dense vesicles near the luminal membrane. An apical cap of the cell usually bulges into the airway lumen, and secretion may be by shedding this cap, or by diffusion secretion or by merocrine secretion in individual granules. The chemical nature of the secretion probably includes protein, glycoprotein and lipids. The secretion may contain enzymes. Its function is presumably to determine the chemical and physical properties of the lining of small airways, and it could behave as a kind of bronchiolar surfactant, limiting lung collapse. The Clara cells also contain much cytochrome P450 dependent mixed-function oxidases, which presumably play a detoxifying role. It is not known whether these oxidases can be secreted or whether they have a lipid-synthesizing function. Clara cells may be important in human disease, both by giving rise to tumours and by taking part in metaplastic changes in bronchiolar disease. PMID- 7047187 TI - Distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the bronchial mucosa of patients with chronic respiratory disease. AB - Bronchi biopsy specimens of 42 patients with chronic respiratory diseases were studied for immunoglobulin-containing cells, using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The number of immunocytes was expressed per unit tissue section surface. The cells were located directly under the epithelium. In most biopsy specimens IgA-, IgG- and IgM-containing cells were demonstrable, with IgA- and IgG-containing cells in the majority. IgE-containing cells were found only in small numbers in biopsy specimens of a few patients. The presence of IgE containing cells was nearly always accompanied by a high amount of mast cell bound IgE in the bronchial mucosa. No correlation could be found between the number and class of immunocytes and clinical data. PMID- 7047188 TI - Bronchial hyperreactivity. Ghent, 8 November 1980. Introduction. PMID- 7047189 TI - Indications for continuous aerosol therapy. PMID- 7047190 TI - A new mode of administration of nebulized bronchodilator in severe bronchospasm. AB - We studied the effect of adding positive end expiratory pressure, PEEP, during the administration of a nebulized bronchodilator in eight patients with acute respiratory failure and severe bronchospasm. Respiratory failure was diagnosed by means of an arterial blood gas analysis and bronchospasm by the presence of wheezing, dyspnea, cough and a forced expiratory volume in the first second, FEV1, of less than 0.7 L. A randomized cross over design was used, where each patient was subjected to two PEEP treatments and two control treatments with zero end expiratory pressure, ZEEP. The interval between each treatment was three hours. With ZEEP, FEV1 rose from 0.69 +/- 0.31 to 1.03 +/- 0.23 L and with PEEP from 0.66 +/- 0.28 to 1.50 +/- 0.48 L (P less than 0.05). Similar changes were seen in forced vital capacity and in peak flow. These results demonstrate that PEEP improves the efficacy of an inhaled, nebulized bronchodilator. This effect is probably mediated through a better distribution especially in peripheral airways. PMID- 7047191 TI - Immotile-cilia syndrome: clinical features. PMID- 7047192 TI - Chronic cough and expectoration in patients with asthma and in patients with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 7047193 TI - Recurrent aspiration. PMID- 7047194 TI - Chronic bronchitis in non-smokers: general environmental factors. PMID- 7047195 TI - Chronic bronchitis in non-smokers: role of infections. PMID- 7047196 TI - Chronic bronchitis and coalmining in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7047197 TI - Anatomical relationships of serotoninergic and noradrenalinergic projections with the GnRH system in septum and hypothalamus. PMID- 7047198 TI - Electrophysiological study of the perigeniculate region during natural sleep in the cat. PMID- 7047199 TI - Schistosoma japonicum: immediate hypersensitivity reactions to egg antigen in humans and rodents. PMID- 7047200 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: spontaneous transformation by a Y strain variant in liquid medium. PMID- 7047201 TI - Antimicrobial activity of carbazole derivatives. PMID- 7047202 TI - The course of Plasmodium berghei infection in mice latently infected with Toxoplasma gondii. AB - The course of infection with 2 different virulent strains of Plasmodium berghei was investigated in mice latently infected with Toxoplasma gondii. When given the highly virulent ANKA strain of P. berghei all Toxoplasma-infected mice died but the survival time was prolonged. After infection with the less virulent strain K 173 mice could survive the subsequent infection. In these cases levels of parasitemia depended upon the duration of the T. gondii infection. Mice infected for about 6 weeks with T. gondii showed maximum protection. PMID- 7047203 TI - Face representation linked with literacy level in colonial American tombstone engravings and Third World preliterates' drawnings. Toward a cultural-evolutional neurology. AB - Among colonial North-American artisans, subgroups of South-Americans, Indonesians and New Guineans, a close correspondence exists between illiteracy rates and specifically spatially inaccurate representations of the upper face configuration, a characteristic also seen in the pre-literate period of 'neolithic' art, in early individual development, and in certain pathological regressions. Common to the configuration both of lexical signs and of the face is a specific spatial-relational ratio and orientation. Accurate representation of both configurations appear to be neuro-developmentally linked, within a cultural context, and consistent with a novel position that the 'ontogeny' of such cognitive functions recapitulates their prevailingly culturally determined 'phylogeny'. PMID- 7047204 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide on development of reticulum cell sarcoma in SJL/J mice. AB - Studies to determine the effect of cyclophosphamide (CY) on the development of reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS) in SJL/J mice indicated a dependence on the duration of the test period. Age also appeared a factor of importance. Thus, a comparison of tumor incidences at 52 weeks of age showed maximal inhibition when CY was administered at 40 weeks, minimal inhibition when the drug was given at 30 weeks, and intermediate inhibition when treatment was initiated at 10 and 20 weeks. Consistent with these findings, long-term treatment of 40-week-old SJL/J mice with low doses of CY resulted in an increase in the mean survival time and in a reduction in the incidence of RCS. PMID- 7047205 TI - Heterogeneity in filterability of erythrocytes from malaria (Plasmodium berghei) infected blood. AB - Erythrocytes from Plasmodium berghei-infected blood show a decrease in deformability with increasing parasitaemia, as measured by filterability through polycarbonate sieves. A major fraction of cells carrying mature parasites and a smaller fraction carrying ring-stage parasites account for the obstruction of filtration, while the remaining infected cells do not contribute to the decrease in filterability. The relation of filterability to metabolic status in infected cells is discussed. PMID- 7047206 TI - The stereoselectivity of alcohol dehydrogenases: a stereochemical imperative? AB - The stereoselectivity of NAD+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (transfering either the pro-R or pro-S hydrogen of NADH) correlates with the thermodynamic stability of their substrates, and appears to reflect evolutionary pressure to adjust in the active site the conformation of NADH so as to match the cofactor's reducing power to the oxidizability of the substrate. A requirement that the free energies of protein-bound intermediates be matched suggests a new approach for understanding catalysis and evolution in enzymes. PMID- 7047207 TI - Large scale preparation of oxidized streptolysin O using molecular filtration. PMID- 7047208 TI - Fertility-related state laws enacted in 1981. PMID- 7047209 TI - [Pharmacological correction of hemoglobin affinity to oxygen during myocardial ischemia (literature review)]. PMID- 7047210 TI - [Deontological problems in pharmacology]. AB - Scientific and technological progress in the XX century had a great impact on the development of pharmacology. Deontological problems are quite urgent in modern pharmacology. The philosophical, moral and ethical, social and economic concepts play a significant role in it. THe drugs in the developed countries are manufactured on a fairly large scale, medical service makes up an important part of the state expenses. The quality of the medical service affects the productive forces of the country. The modern highly active drugs have to be properly and skillfully employed. The drugs should be examined first in experiments on animals on then in clinics in accordance with the scientific and deontological principles. PMID- 7047211 TI - [Research in the field of clinical pharmacology in the USSR]. AB - The authors analyze the results of research on clinical pharmacology carried out at various institutions in this country. The overwhelming majority of works are concerned with clinical studies on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the drugs, their interaction, and detection of drug side effects. Special attention is paid to the improvement of the methods for determination of the pharmacological agents in biological fluids, and to the design of the maximally adequate parameters of assessing the pharmacodynamics of the main groups of the drugs. Considerable part of investigations is devoted to clinical pharmacogenetics, chronopharmacology, age pharmacology, prediction of the drug effects, approaches to the extrapolation of experimental data to the clinical trials of the drugs. The authors also provide evidence on the system of clinical trials of new drugs and detection of untoward effects of the medicines used. PMID- 7047212 TI - [Hypotensive activity of diisopropylamine dichloroacetate and its effect on various indices in patients with stage I and I-II hypertension]. PMID- 7047213 TI - A novel, highly sensitive and rapid assay system for proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 7047214 TI - H NMR study of N-labeled tRNA. PMID- 7047215 TI - Effects of purine and pyrimidine nucleoside 5'-di(tri) phosphate-3'-diphosphates on the Escherichia coli cell-free transcription and translation activity. PMID- 7047216 TI - Globular structure of the small proteins L29 and L30 from Escherichia coli ribosomes. PMID- 7047217 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of dysentery]. PMID- 7047218 TI - Improvement of the "Humster Test" by the addition of fluorescein diacetate to identify living eggs. PMID- 7047219 TI - [Effect of helium on gas exchange and tissue respiration]. PMID- 7047220 TI - Britain's longest living heart transplant patient: Keith Castle. PMID- 7047221 TI - Adoptive transfers of transplantation tolerance in genetically different strain combinations of mice. AB - Neonatal transplantation tolerance was induced in strain combinations of mice involving differences in the H-2D or H-2K regions, in the K or D ends of H-2, or in the central I region of the H-2 complex. Attempts were made to transfer the tolerance adoptively by suppressor cells to syngeneic non-immunosuppressed recipients. Adoptive transfer of tolerance was successful only in the combination with H-2D region disparity, and significant but short-lasting prolongation of skin allograft survival time was also obtained in the combination disparate at the D end of H-2. Transfers of tolerance were not successful in the combinations involving differences in the K or I regions of the H-2 complex irrespective of whether cells were transferred one day before or four days after skin grafting. The results are discussed with respect to hitherto known antigenic and tolerogenic properties of individual H-2 regions. PMID- 7047222 TI - An increase in colony-forming capacity of the bone marrow stem cells after microwave irradiation in vitro. PMID- 7047223 TI - [Pathophysiology in diabetes after major resection of the pancreas, with special reference to insulin metabolism and glucagon secretion (author's transl)]. AB - Recently, major resection of the pancreas has been carrier out not only to treat pancreatic carcinoma but also for benign pancreatic diseases. Dragstedt reported that the amount of insulin required to control glycosuria after partial pancreatectomy is much greater than that needed after total pancreatectomy. Although it is thought that diabetes after partial pancreatectomy is considerably different from that after total pancreatectomy, these pathophysiological changes have not been investigated in detail. In the present experiment, changes in carbohydrate and insulin metabolism and glucagon secretion were studied in dogs in order to elucidate the pathophysiology in diabetes after major resection of the pancreas. Immediately after resection of 90% or more of the entire pancreas, diabetes occurred with absolute insulin deficiency, being accompanied by decreased function of the anti-insulin system with poor secretion of glucagon and delayed recovery of blood sugar after the insulin load. Moreover, the half-life of insulin in this group was much longer than that in normal dogs and close to that after total pancreatectomy. These results could explain that the dosage of insulin required to control blood sugar after resection of 90% or more of the entire pancreas was close to that after total pancreatectomy. Six weeks or more after resection of 70 to 90% of the entire pancreas, so-called Sandmeyer's diabetes gradually as a consequence of a decrease in insulin secretion and an increase in glucagon secretion from the remnant pancreas. After the insulin load, glucagon secretion markedly increased and recovery of blood sugar from the insulin hypoglycemia was good, showing hyperfunction of the anti-insulin system. Moreover, the half-life of insulin gradually lengthened but was still shorter than that after total pancreatectomy. These results could well explain the fact that the insulin dosage required to control blood sugar in Sandmeyer's diabetes was 3 to 4 times more than that needed after total pancreatectomy. After resection of less than 70% of the entire pancreas, diabetes did not occur throughout a period of post-operative observation of up to 66 weeks. After the insulin load, glucagon secretion and recovery rate of blood sugar from the insulin hypoglycemia were maintained well, showing normal function of the anti insulin system, and the half-life of insulin was also within the normal range. PMID- 7047224 TI - [Prosthesis without tears]. PMID- 7047225 TI - [A removable 14-unit maxillary bridge. Consistent dental technical design and accuracy]. PMID- 7047226 TI - [Influence of oral hygiene methods on prostheses]. PMID- 7047227 TI - [Choice and placement of posterior teeth]. PMID- 7047228 TI - [Learning goals in technical school: the partial denture (1)]. PMID- 7047230 TI - [Use of prosthetic support components in non-precious metal-ceramics]. PMID- 7047229 TI - [Marginal seal and fit of conical crowns]. PMID- 7047233 TI - [Shaping double arm clasps. Partial denture (I)]. PMID- 7047232 TI - ["Wax-Master" - laboratory tips and experiences]. PMID- 7047234 TI - [Modified wax-up technic]. PMID- 7047231 TI - [Set-up of Gnathodent posterior teeth]. PMID- 7047235 TI - [Positioning of dowel pins]. PMID- 7047236 TI - [Critique of various denture preparation methods]. PMID- 7047237 TI - [Partial denture with consideration of the casting technic]. PMID- 7047238 TI - [Set-up of complete denture using the EPF method (1)]. PMID- 7047239 TI - [Bonding of attachments. A new technic amazes colleagues]. PMID- 7047240 TI - [Problems of color determination in metalloceramics]. PMID- 7047241 TI - [From partial denture to prosthetic treatment]. PMID- 7047242 TI - [Instruction in the laboratory of a large business]. PMID- 7047244 TI - [Prevention of errors in precious metal casting]. PMID- 7047243 TI - [Casting research on steel test samples]. PMID- 7047245 TI - Charles Edward Wallis and London's Toothbrush Clubs: 1909 style. PMID- 7047246 TI - The role of periodontology in restorative dentistry. PMID- 7047247 TI - Aims and methods in comparative immunology. PMID- 7047248 TI - Lipopolysaccharide-binding lectin from the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, with specificity for 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO). AB - A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding lectin was recovered from the serum of Limulus polyphemus by ion-exchange chromatography. Electrophoretic analysis of this lectin preparation revealed three poorly migrating bands. When whole serum was incubated with glycolipid obtained from the Rc mutant of Salmonella minnesota prior to electrophoresis, bands corresponding to those seen in the partially purified lectin were missing, suggesting that the recovered material was composed of isolectins. Qualitative precipitin tests revealed no reactivity of this purified lectin with lipid A fractions or with LPS devoid of 2-keto-3 deoxyoctonate (KDO). The agglutination of chicken erythrocytes by this lectin was inhibited by both N-acetyl-neuraminic acid and KDO. Erythrocytes complexed with glycolipid from the Re mutant of S. minnesota were strongly agglutinated by this lectin. We conclude that this LPS-binding lectin is specific for the KDO portion of the molecule and that it is identical to the previously described sialic acid binding lectin from L. polyphemus. This lectin may play a role in the host defense mechanisms of Limulus. PMID- 7047249 TI - Increase in the number of splenic plaque forming cells with length of gestation in untreated pregnant mice. AB - The number of plaque forming cells (PFC) in spleens from untreated virgin and syngeneically pregnant CBA mice has been evaluated by use of two different hemolytic plaque assays. The total number of splenic IgM- and IgG-PFC in virgin and 16 day pregnant mice was determined by protein A- sheep red blood cell (SRBC) plaque assay. The number of both IgM- and IgG-PFC was significantly increased in spleens from pregnant mice, but the total number of IgM-PFC was several times higher than that of the IgG-PFC. In the same experiment the number of splenic anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) PFC was determined simultaneously. The values obtained for anti-TNP PFC in the different animals were found to correlate with the values for IgM-PFC in the protein A-SRBC plaque assay. Finally, the number of splenic anti-TNP PFC was determined at different occasions during pregnancy (day 4, 8, 12, and 16). It was found that the number of anti-TNP PFC was elevated as early as the 4th day of pregnancy, and that the number of PFC per spleen increased with the length of gestation. PMID- 7047250 TI - Specular microscopy of the corneal endothelium. Optical solutions and clinical results. PMID- 7047251 TI - Transient triiodothyronine deficiency. Absence of effect on basal or adrenaline stimulated carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in man. AB - Severe stress is accompanied by a fall in circulating triiodothyronine levels as well as increases in secretion of several hormones including adrenaline. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the fall in triiodothyronine may counteract in part the catabolic effects of stress hormones such as adrenaline. Transient hypothyroidism was induced by administration orally of sodium ipodate (3 g). Adrenaline infusions (6 micrograms/min for 2 hours) were performed in five healthy men before and four days after ipodate was given. Circulating triiodothyronine levels decreased from 1.7 +/- 0.1 to 1.1 +/- 0.1 nmol/l (p less than 0.001), associated with a small rise in serum thyroxine, but basal circulating concentrations of glucose, the gluconeogenic precursors, NEFA and 3-hydroxybutyrate were unaltered. Circulating insulin, glucagon and growth hormone concentrations were also similar with and without prior ipodate ingestion. Adrenaline infusion produced a rise in blood glucose (4.9 +/- 0.2 to 8.5 +/- 0.4 mmol/l at 60 min), lactate, pyruvate and the lactate: pyruvate ratio, which was unaltered by ipodate. Blood glycerol (0.04 +/- 0.004 to 0.13 +/- 0.03 mmol/l at 30 min), plasma NEFA (0.52 +/- 0.05 to 1.31 +/- 0.17 mmol/l at 30 min) and blood 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations (0.04 +/- 0.004 to 0.26 +/- 0.07 mmol/l at 50 min) were elevated by adrenaline, with similar responses obtained after ipodate. Ipodate also did not influence the circulating insulin and glucagon response to adrenaline infusion. A transient decrease in circulating triiodothyronine concentrations induced by ipodate does not modulate the hormonal and metabolic response to adrenaline in normal man. PMID- 7047252 TI - Characterization of the pancreatic polypeptide response to hypoglycemia in man. AB - The human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) responses to insulin injection (0.05-0.1 U/kg, i.v.) and to endogenous insulin release as provoked by i.v. tolbutamide (1 g) and oral glucose administration (1.75 g/kg) have been examined. The injection of insulin or tolbutamide was followed by a marked elevation of circulating hPP which was abolished by preventing the hypoglycemic effect of these substances by intravenous glucose infusion. Atropine pre-treatment (1 mg, i.v.) also blocked the hPP responses to insulin- or tolbutamide-induced hypoglycemia. Approximately three hours after glucose ingestion, coinciding with the hypoglycemic phase of the test, there was a clear-cut increase in circulating hPP. This hPP response was blunted by impeding the blood sugar fall to sub-baseline values-by means of a glucose infusion-as well as by prior atropinization. It is concluded that: 1) The hPP secretagogue activity of both, insulin and tolbutamide is mediated by their hypoglycemic effect. 2) The elevation of circulating hPP, which occurs during the late hypoglycemic phase of an oral glucose test, is also dependent upon the blood sugar decline to sub-baseline values. 3) Under the above conditions, the hPP response to hypoglycemia can be blocked by atropine, thus indicating that it is due to activation of the cholinergic system and not to the direct effect of glucose lack at the level of the hPP-cell. PMID- 7047253 TI - The accuracy of drawing up insulin by insulin treated diabetics. AB - The accuracy of drawing up insulin was tested in a group of randomly selected insulin requiring diabetics. The mean error between patients of drawing up rapid acting insulin was + 5.6%, of intermediate acting insulin, + 4.9% and of a mixture of rapid and intermediate acting insulin, + 1.8%. There was no correlation in percentage error in drawing up insulin the age of patient, duration of diabetes, dosage of insulin nor quality of diabetic control. PMID- 7047254 TI - Insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal in young normoglycemic obese subjects. PMID- 7047255 TI - Frederik Ruysch. PMID- 7047256 TI - Evaluation of guanabenz added to hydrochlorothiazide therapy in hypertension. AB - Guanabenz, a centrally acting alpha-adrenergic antihypertensive agent, produces neither the sodium retention seen with other centrally acting agents nor the metabolic abnormalities characteristic of diuretics. In this study, which involved 204 hypertensive out-patients, the additive effects of guanabenz and hydrochlorothiazide were compared with the effects of hydrochlorothiazide therapy alone. Before randomization to the 6-month blinded addition of either guanabenz or placebo, hydrochlorothiazide (50 or 100 mg/day; mean, 70 mg/day) was administered as sole therapy for 6 weeks. During this time, mean supine diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) decreased from 102 to 94 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), with a satisfactory clinical response rate of 62% and a mean weight loss of 2 lbs (p less than 0.01). No further change in mean SDBP occurred during the next 6 months of diuretic therapy, whereas the addition of guanabenz (mean dose, 24 mg/day) caused a further decrease in mean SDBP to 88 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), an increase in the response rate to 86%, and no weight change. Pulse rates in both groups were unchanged. The principal side-effects in both groups were dry mouth, drowsiness, weakness, and dizziness, with a greater incidence of each during the combination therapy. The usual laboratory abnormalities were associated with hydrochlorothiazide. Guanabenz was found to enhance the antihypertensive efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide without compromising its natriuretic properties or producing additional metabolic abnormalities. PMID- 7047257 TI - A double-blind study of trazodone and mianserin in the treatment of depression in general practice. PMID- 7047258 TI - Treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome with carbamazepine: a double-blind comparison with tiapride. AB - A double-blind, randomized trial is described which was designed to compare the clinical effect of 600 mg daily of carbamazepine (Tegretol) and of tiapride (Sereprile) in hospitalized patients with pre-delirium tremens. Physicians' assessment of patients' progress was made following 2, 4 and 7 days of treatment. Of the sixty patients admitted to the study, five dropped out for various reasons, leaving fifty-five patients who completed the study. Both drugs were effective in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptoms; no significant difference was found between the two treatments with respect to total symptoms, score and visual analogue scale assessment. Carbamazepine gave faster relief of symptoms and demonstrated a preferential action on symptoms like fear and hallucinations. No case of delirium tremens was observed in those patients who completed the trial. PMID- 7047259 TI - Clinical controlled study of fentiazac compared with placebo in septic inflammatory pathology of children's diseases. PMID- 7047261 TI - Cell subpopulations in the late morula and early blastocyst of the mouse. PMID- 7047260 TI - Localization of vimentin, the nonspecific intermediate filament protein, in embryonal glia and in early differentiating neurons. In vivo and in vitro immunofluorescence study of the rat embryo with vimentin and neurofilament antisera. PMID- 7047262 TI - Myosin subunit types in skeletal and cardiac tissues and their developmental distribution. PMID- 7047263 TI - Immunofluorescent autopsy study of congenital muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7047264 TI - Developmental orthopaedics. II: The spine, trauma and infection. PMID- 7047265 TI - Barbiturate therapy in the management of cerebral ischaemia. PMID- 7047266 TI - Pirenzepine versus cimetidine in duodenal ulcer. A double-blind, placebo controlled, short-term clinical trial. AB - 90 patients with active duodenal ulcer were admitted to a double-blind trial to compare the effects of pirenzepine (150 mg/daily), cimetidine (1 g/daily) and placebo on the healing of duodenal ulcer. 5 patients did not complete the trial. In 21 of 29 patients (72%) receiving pirenzepine and in 21 of 28 (75%) of those receiving cimetidine, the ulcers had healed after 4 weeks of treatment compared with 10 of 28 (36%) patients receiving placebo (p less than 0.01). Symptomatic improvement and reduction of antacid consumption were significantly more marked in the pirenzepine- and cimetidine-treated groups than in the placebo group. Tolerability of drugs was good. The results show that pirenzepine is as effective as cimetidine for the treatment of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7047267 TI - Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine therapy in Crohn's disease. PMID- 7047268 TI - Cimetidine and colloidal bismuth in treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer. Comparison of initial healing and recurrence after healing. AB - The aim of the study was to compare the use of cimetidine and colloidal bismuth in the initial healing of chronic duodenal ulcer and to note the recurrence rate over 1 year after healing induced by both forms of treatment. Cimetidine was administered in the dose of 200 mg three times daily and 400 mg at night and the dose of colloidal bismuth was 5 ml four times each day. 51 outpatients with chronic duodenal ulcers proven on endoscopy completed the initial study. At 3 weeks, healing was observed in 83% of the cimetidine group and 70% of the colloidal bismuth group (p greater than 0.10); at 6 weeks, 96% of patients in both groups had healed. 33 patients were followed up over 1 year, 16 having initially been treated with cimetidine and 17 with colloidal bismuth. 2 other patients originally treated with cimetidine were followed up for 6 months only. No further treatment was given. Endoscopy was performed at 6 and 12 months, or earlier if symptoms developed. At 6 months, 44% of patients in the cimetidine group had recurred compared to 47% in the colloidal bismuth group (p greater than 0.5). At 1 year, 75% of patients in the cimetidine group and 76% in the colloidal bismuth group had recurred (p greater than 0.5). It is concluded that both agents are equally effective in healing duodenal ulcers and the incidence of recurrence over 1 year is similar irrespective of whether the initial healing is induced with colloidal bismuth or cimetidine. PMID- 7047269 TI - The diabetic syndrome of the 'BB' Wistar rat: possible relevance to type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in man. PMID- 7047270 TI - Insulin responsiveness of superficial forearm tissues in type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes. AB - Forearm perfusion studies were carried out to determine the responsiveness to insulin of the superficial forearm tissues in non-obese Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetics, and the interrelationships among plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), tissue uptake of glucose and insulin and tissue release of NEFA. It was found that: (1) in normal subjects, uptake of glucose was dependent on glucose concentration. It was also dependent on insulin concentration in the range of 0-30 mU/l, but not over a wider range of insulin concentration (less than 66 mU/l), indicating that the insulin effect was maximal at approximately 30 mU/l. In contrast, glucose uptake in diabetics was independent of glucose concentration but dependent on insulin uptake over an insulin concentration range up to 140 mU/l; glucose uptake reached the same levels as in control subjects but only at higher concentration and higher uptake of insulin. (2) Insulin uptake was directly dependent on insulin concentration and the regression coefficients were very similar in the two groups. (3) NEFA concentration fell to comparable levels in the two groups of subjects in response to insulin. It is concluded that in Type 2 diabetes: (1) the superficial forearm tissues show decreased responsiveness to the stimulatory effect of both hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia on glucose utilization but the NEFA-lowering effect of insulin is undiminished, and (2) tissue uptake of insulin is normal, despite the decrease in receptor capacity that has been demonstrated by others. PMID- 7047271 TI - Twenty-four hour profiles of plasma C-peptide in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic children. AB - Twenty-four hour profiles of plasma C-peptide, an index of endogenous insulin secretion, were performed in 15 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic children. Plasma C-peptide was detectable in six children, of whom four ('C-peptide producers') had peak values above normal fasting levels. In each of the six children with residual B cell function, there was a close correlation between plasma C-peptide and simultaneous blood glucose (r greater than 0.50, p less than 0.05). Post-breakfast peak blood glucose was 10.2 +/- 1.7 mmol/l (mean +/- SEM) in the 'C-peptide producers' and 18.7 +/- 1.7 mmol/l in the 11 children with low or no detectable C-peptide. Mean M-value, an index of deviation from an ideal blood glucose, was lower in the 'C-peptide producers' (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that residual functioning B cells in diabetic children behave physiologically in that insulin secretion fluctuates in accordance with the prevailing blood glucose; and that the pattern of action of injected insulin is more critical in non-C peptide producers who lack the post-prandial dampening effect provided by residual endogenous insulin secretion. PMID- 7047272 TI - Determination of insulin specific IgE in serum of diabetic patients by solid phase radioimmunoassay. AB - A solid-phase assay system for quantitative measurement of insulin specific IgE has been developed. Insulin specific IgE and IgG are bound to insulin covalently coupled to Sepharose particles. After a washing procedure which removes unbound immunoglobulins, 125I-anti-human IgE-rabbit globulin is added to the Sepharose to determine the amount of bound IgE. The use of standardized 125I-anti-human-IgE globulin permits quantitation against a calibration curve of IgE and expression as units/ml. No cross-reactivity of IgG was found. Insulin specific IgE was determined in the sera of diabetic patients. Patients treated with porcine or mixed species purified insulin (monocomponent MC) did not differ significantly from a non-diabetic control group, whereas serum samples taken from patients treated with crystallized insulin preparations showed a significantly higher level of insulin specific IgE (p less than 0.05). Twenty-four patients with generalized insulin allergy and eight patients with immunological insulin resistance also had considerably higher values of IgE antibodies than the control group (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.005, respectively). No correlation was found between the concentration of insulin specific IgE and IgG in individual sera and the level of insulin specific IgE was independent of the total IgE. In all cases of allergy elicited by purified insulin (monocomponent MC), it was ascertained that the diabetic patients in question had received less pure insulin during earlier treatment. PMID- 7047273 TI - Normal response to pregnancy in rats cured of streptozotocin diabetes by transplantation of one fetal pancreas. AB - We have investigated glucose homeostasis and insulin response to glucose in seven rats before, during and after pregnancy, who were previously successfully transplanted with a single fetal pancreas. Increased need for insulin during pregnancy provides an opportunity to test the reserve capacity of the transplanted organ. Plasma glucose in seven rats was normal before pregnancy (7.3 +/- 0.7 mmol/l), during pregnancy (6.6 +/- 1 mmol/l) and after parturition (6.7 +/- 0.3 mmol/l). Fasting plasma glucose was lower after parturition (5.1 +/- 1 mmol/l) than before pregnancy (6.1 +/- 0.7 mmol/l). The disappearance rate of injected glucose was the same before (2.3 +/- 0.2%/min) as after pregnancy (2.6 +/- 0.2%/min). Basal plasma insulin before pregnancy was elevated and there was no rise from glucose; after parturition the basal and pattern of response was normal. The total insulin content of the transplants (859 +/- 154 mU) was only 21% of that of normal rats; we conclude that this provides a reserve adequate for the needs of pregnancy. PMID- 7047274 TI - Insulin and glucagon release in the diabetic Chinese hamster: differences among inbred sublines. AB - Release of insulin and glucagon from perfused pancreases in vitro of 40 normal male and female Chinese hamsters (from one inbred subline) and 110 male and female diabetic hamsters (from three inbred sublines) was measured in response to glucose plus arginine, theophylline alone, or potassium alone, in order to determine if differences in hormone secretion exist among different diabetic sublines. Glucose plus arginine and potassium produced subnormal insulin responses in all three diabetic sublines, whereas theophylline induced 'normal' or above normal insulin responses. Excessive glucagon release was consistently seen in only one diabetic subline. The female normal animals showed greater insulin release than the male normal hamsters in response to glucose plus arginine. This sex difference was not seen in the diabetic animals. PMID- 7047275 TI - Correlation between fasting serum C-peptide and B cell insulin secretory capacity in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7047276 TI - Criteria for patient selection for pancreatic transplantation. PMID- 7047277 TI - Pancreatic transplantation and the artificial pancreas. PMID- 7047278 TI - The risk of diabetic control: a comparison of hospital versus general practice supervision. AB - Two groups of insulin-treated outpatients (one followed up at the Hotel-Dieu Hospital and the second mainly supervised by general practitioners) were chosen at random in 1978. The two populations were comparable in age, age at diagnosis, sex, level of education, overall activity and socio-professional and economic status. Outpatients followed up in the diabetic unit had better blood glucose control, with about the same number of hypoglycaemic reactions as patients followed up in general practice. This better control was associated with more social activity and less visits to the physician, despite the fact that patients attending the hospital spent more money on their diet and had more daily insulin injections. All these differences remain significant after adjustment for the duration of diabetes. It may be inferred that attempts to improve control in insulin-treated patients are associated with a more active life and with no increase in the frequency of hypoglycaemic reactions. PMID- 7047279 TI - The Measurement of Haemoglobin A1c by isoelectric focussing in diabetic patients. AB - Incubation in vitro of human red cells in increasing glucose concentrations results in a rise in both haemoglobin A1c levels and an intermediate band when measured by an isoelectric focussing method. There are strong correlations between blood glucose levels, levels of haemoglobin A1c and the intermediate band both in vitro and in blood samples taken from diabetic patients. As the intermediate band is also included in the measurement of haemoglobin A1c by the usual analytical methods, this may lead to inaccurate results. PMID- 7047280 TI - An anaphylactic reaction to highly purified pork insulin. Confirmation by RAST and RAST inhibition. AB - We describe a patient who had an anaphylactic reaction to highly purified pork insulin; he was not allergic however to beef insulin. The sensitivity to pork but not to beef insulin was confirmed by skin testing, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and RAST inhibition. A scheme is suggested for the investigation of such patients. PMID- 7047281 TI - Aortic endothelium of alloxan diabetic rabbits: a quantitative study using scanning electron microscopy. AB - Scanning electron microscope studies of the aorta and other major arteries have been performed in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. After 5 weeks, a variety of structural abnormalities of the endothelial lining were detected including a significant increase in the number of argyrophilic cells and an increased number of craters or openings in the endothelial junctional region. Evidence of more extensive micro-damage was present after 5 months duration of diabetes. These zones with structural changes in the endothelial lining of major vessels seem to be areas of high predilection to atherosclerosis in diabetes. PMID- 7047282 TI - Effects of pancreas transplantation on insulin secretion in the rat during ingestion of varying glucose loads. AB - Following alloxan induced diabetes in rats, transplantation of neonatal pancreases under the kidney capsule was successfully carried out. The insulin response to oral ingestion of 150 and 750 mg of glucose was studied. The responses in controls and in rats 40 days after transplantation demonstrated a load-dependent increment of plasma insulin responses which was not related to the similar glucose responses. In control rats a part of the insulin response had occurred at 1 min, i.e. 2 min before the rise in blood glucose. After transplantation in the absence of this nervously triggered response, blood glucose rose faster than in control rats from 3 to 5 min after start of ingestion (p less than 0.01). In non-transplanted rats regenerating a part of their original pancreas within one week, glucose intolerance was seen 10 min after glucose ingestion, probably due to the lack of adequate secondary phase release. This study shows that maintenance of a normal glucose tolerance curve to glucose ingestion depends on at least two factors. First, an anticipatory nervously triggered insulin secretion. Second, a load dependent humoral potentiation of glucose stimulated insulin release. PMID- 7047283 TI - Presence of insulin-like immunoreactivity and its biosynthesis in rat and human parotid gland. AB - Extracts from homogenates of rat and human parotid glands contained insulin-like immunoreactivity. The values were 5.6 +/- 2.8 ng/g wet tissue in six groups of rat parotid glands and 23.8 and 39.7 ng/g wet tissue in two human extracts. Upon gel filtration immunoreactive insulin of rat origin was eluted in a peak corresponding to the elution volume of isotopically labelled insulin. The material obtained from the two peak fractions showed an immunoassay dilution curve identical with that of rat insulin. Furthermore, biosynthesis of insulin like immunoreactivity in rat and human parotid glands was confirmed in vitro by a specific separation method using anti-insulin antibody. These findings suggest that the parotid gland may be a further extrapancreatic source of insulin, and that insulin biosynthesis does occur in extrapancreatic tissues. PMID- 7047284 TI - Family histories of diabetes among Japanese patients with type 1 (insulin dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. AB - Family histories of diabetes mellitus in first-degree relatives were compared in Japanese patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes. The frequency of positive family histories for diabetes in first-degree relatives was 24% (13/55) in Type 1,44% (281/631) in Type 2 (p less than 0.01 versus Type 1) and 47% (16/34) when the type of diabetes could not be classified. The prevalence of diabetes in siblings of Type 2 patients was higher than in Type 1 diabetic patients (p less than 0.01). Patients with Type 2 diabetes and definite obesity in the past had a lower frequency of a family history of diabetes (p less than 0.01) and a lower prevalence of diabetes in their parents (p less than 0.01) than did Type 2 patients without obesity. The highest rate of family history for diabetes was observed in non-obese Type 2 diabetic patients of early onset. Our data agree with the previously known higher frequency of familial diabetes in Type 2 compared with Type 1 diabetes, despite the fact that there are significant dissimilarities between Type 1 diabetes in Japanese and Caucasoid population. PMID- 7047285 TI - Long-term subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy and progression of nephropathy in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. PMID- 7047286 TI - [Blood glucose and glucoregulatory hormones in liver cirrhosis: a study of 24 hour profiles and of the role of portal-systemic shunting]. PMID- 7047287 TI - [High risk populations and precancerous dysplasia in the stomach: definition and management (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047288 TI - [Lipoproteins and the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047289 TI - A theory of schizophrenia: role of environment. PMID- 7047290 TI - A possible role for tyramines in brain function and some mental disorders. PMID- 7047291 TI - The pharmacology of sulpiride--a dopamine receptor antagonist. AB - 1. The clinical and experimental pharmacology of sulpiride, its effects on the CNS, gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system have been reviewed. 2. The majority of its actions are attributable to blockade of dopamine receptors. 3. Although sulpiride has a high affinity for dopamine receptors involved in emesis and prolactin secretion, it lacks part of the behavioural and biochemical profiles of the classical dopamine receptor antagonist neuroleptics. 4. In the cardiovascular system, sulpiride is a potent prejunctional dopamine receptor antagonist but has variable effectiveness in postjunctional dopamine receptor models. 5. These properties are discussed with reference to the mechanisms of action of sulpiride and the classification of dopamine receptors. PMID- 7047292 TI - Plasma clearance kinetics of unlabelled bovine insulin in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). PMID- 7047293 TI - Nondetectable plasma glucose levels after insulin administration in the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). PMID- 7047294 TI - Ascorbic acid diabetogenesis in the domestic fowl. PMID- 7047295 TI - Nikolai Wladimirovich Timofeeff-Ressovsky, (1900-1981). PMID- 7047296 TI - Regulatory mutations of inositol biosynthesis in yeast: isolation of inositol excreting mutants. AB - The enzyme inositol-1-phosphate synthase (I-1-P synthase), product of the INO1 locus, catalyzes the synthesis of inositol-1-phosphate from the substrate glucose 6-phosphate. The activity of this enzyme is dramatically repressed in the presence of inositol. By selecting for mutants which overproduce and excrete inositol, we have identified mutants constitutive for inositol-1-phosphate synthase as well as a mutation in phospholipid biosynthesis. Genetic analysis of the mutants indicates that at least three loci (designated OPI1, OPI2 and OPI4) direct inositol-mediated repression of I-1-P synthase. Mutants of these loci synthesize I-1-P synthase constitutively. Three loci are unlinked to each other and to INO1, the structural gene for the enzyme. A mutant of a fourth locus, OPI3, does not synthesize I-1-P synthase constitutively, despite its inositol excretion phenotype. This mutant is preliminarily identified as having a defect in phospholipid synthesis. PMID- 7047298 TI - Directory: Genetics Society of America. PMID- 7047297 TI - Dominant mutators in Escherichia coli. AB - In this paper we report on the isolation and genetic analysis of a series of strong mutators mapping at five minutes on the E. coli chromosome. These mutations are dominant and show no evidence of interaction in merodiploids. Cultures grown in broth medium exhibit mutant frequencies five to six orders of magnitude higher than mut+ strains. Cultures propagated in minimal salts media mutate at rates one to three orders higher than wild-type. Three-factor crosses have been used to order these mutators relative to metD, proA, and a Tn10 insertion near five minutes. PMID- 7047299 TI - [Effect of nonviral parasitic agents on the cytogenetic apparatus of animals and man]. AB - On the basis of literature survey, it is shown that many non-viral microorganisms (Rickettsiae, Mycoplasmata, Bacteria, Protozoa) and some Helminths are able to induce substantial aberrations in the chromosome number and the structure of human and animal cells. The data concerning possible factors of aggressiveness of the agents favouring cytogenetic disturbances are presented. Close association between immunoreactivity and the ability of parasitic agents to induce mutations in the organism conditions is emphasized. PMID- 7047300 TI - [Genetic control of recombination processes in Aspergillus nidulans. IV. The effect of uvs mutations on the frequency of spontaneous and nitrosomethylurea induced intragenic mitotic recombination]. AB - Effects of three uvs mutations were studied on spontaneous and nitrosomethyl induced intragenic mitotic segregation in the methA region of the chromosome II in Aspergillus diploids homozygous for uvs and heteroallelic for methA mutation. The reversion frequencies of methA alleles in parent haploid strains were also determined. All the mutations increased the frequency of spontaneous and decreased that of induced intragenic mitotic recombination. The frequency of spontaneous reversions was decreased in uvs haploids. The interaction between repair, recombination and mutagenesis processes in Aspergillus nidulans is discussed. PMID- 7047301 TI - [Genetic nature of an Escherichia coli mutant characterized by high basal levels of catabolite-sensitive enzymes in a study using glucose as the carbon source]. AB - The genetical nature of Escherichia coli GluR mutant was studied, the mutant having been characterized by an increased basal level of enzymes of the deo operon (thymidine phosphorylase, in particular,-up to 8-10 times, in comparison to the wild type) and of some other catabolite sensitive enzymes. The above mentioned phenotype turned out to be caused by the presence in the genome of the GluR mutant of the ptsG mutation demonstrating close linkage (98% in P1 transduction) with the crp locus. The latter was designated in this work as crp active (crpa). It is supposed that the crpa mutation changes the structure of the cAMP receptor--CRP protein increasing its activity, as a positive effector of catabolite sensitive genes. PMID- 7047302 TI - [Comparative characteristics of different methods of studying the cytogenetic disturbances in the bone marrow cells of Macaca rhesus monkeys infected with the poliomyelitis virus]. AB - It has been testified that to study the influence of viruses on cytogenetic structures of bone marrow cells of monkeys (Macaca mulatta), it is possible to use not only the traditional methods, i.e. the analysis of chromosome set and the pathologic division, but the micronuclear test as well, based on the study of polychromatophylous erythrocytes with micronuclei in the bone marrow of animals. PMID- 7047303 TI - Cell life on the surface of lens implants. PMID- 7047304 TI - [Biological action and hygienic evaluation of propionaldehyde and propionic acid as air pollutants of populated sites]. PMID- 7047305 TI - [Organization of the activities of the epidemiological health service in the field of nutritional hygiene in the Ukraine at the period of the establishment of Soviet power and in the years of the 1st Five-Year Plans]. PMID- 7047306 TI - [Hygienic standards problems with the environmental factors of the rolling stock of railroads and subways]. PMID- 7047307 TI - [New data on the mechanism of action of chemical allergens]. PMID- 7047308 TI - [Use and formalizing of toxicity parameters for characterizing polymeric materials in combustion]. PMID- 7047309 TI - [Centenary of the charter of the Moscow Hygiene Society]. PMID- 7047310 TI - [Automatic control over air pollution]. PMID- 7047311 TI - [Health status of schoolchildren and the factors in its shaping]. PMID- 7047312 TI - [Methods of diagnosing pulmonary coin lesions]. PMID- 7047313 TI - Influence of brinase on fibrinogen: fibrin transition in vitro and in vivo studies. II. Induction of fibrin deposits by brinase in the kidneys of rats with inhibited fibrinolysis. AB - The influence of brinase on fibrinogen levels, ethanol gelation test (EGT), fibrin content of lungs and kidneys (125I-fibrinogen) and brinase inhibitor capacity was investigated in the rat. The animals were either treated with i.v. infusions of brinase (4 mg/kg), tranexamic acid (AMCA) + brinase or heparin + AMCA + brinase. A control group was given i.v. saline, a reference group AMCA + thrombin. Brinase caused a decrease in fibrinogen levels and an increase in the incidence of positive EGT, deposition of fibrin was not observed. Infusion of brinase into rats with inhibition fibrinolytic system (AMCA), caused a more pronounced decrease in fibrinogen levels, a further increase in the incidence of positive EGT and also fibrin deposition in the kidneys. In rats treated with AMCA + thrombin a similar decrease in fibrinogen levels was recorded, the EGT was positive in all animals, and extensive fibrin deposits were observed in the kidneys and lungs of the animals. Heparinization before infusion of AMCA + brinase antagonized the lowering in fibrinogen levels and the increase in incidence of positive EGT and, moreover, fibrin deposits were no longer observed. PMID- 7047314 TI - Cytomorphology and lysosomal enzyme activity of the haemopoietic and reticuloendothelial system of the SJL/J mouse. AB - The cytomorphology and lysosomal enzyme activity of the haemopoietic and reticuloendothelial system (RES) of SJL/J mice, which develop a spontaneous reticulum cell neoplasm type B (RCN-B), were studied. The cytological findings during development of the disease were a predominance of medium-sized lymphocytes and an increase in the number of hyperbasophilic cells and plasma cells in the RES. These pathological findings were compared to the changes due to ageing in control groups of healthy C3H/eB mice. Acid phosphatase activity increased in the RES, whereas that of beta-D-glucuronidase remained unchanged during development of the disease. These findings indicate that the RCN-B of the SJL/J mice bear a certain resemblance to Hodgkin disease in man. PMID- 7047315 TI - [Foreign body aspiration in an adult presenting as bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7047316 TI - [Peritonitis--principles of treatment]. PMID- 7047317 TI - [Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism due to amyloidosis]. PMID- 7047318 TI - [The choice of insulin in the treatment of diabetes]. PMID- 7047319 TI - [The renin-aldosterone system in the diagnosis of essential hypertension]. PMID- 7047320 TI - [Dynamics of insulin secretion in selected oral glucose tolerance tests in the early stages of diabetes of various etiologies]. PMID- 7047321 TI - [Use of the determination of serum insulin in evaluating carbohydrate intolerance in obesity]. PMID- 7047322 TI - [Effect of liver parenchymal damage on the tolerance for exogenous prostacyclin (PGI2)]. PMID- 7047323 TI - [Anti-inflammatory action of nonachlazine, a new circulatory drug]. PMID- 7047324 TI - [Central hypotensive effects of guanfacine in anaesthetised rabbits (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of guanfacine, a new antihypertensive agent, on blood pressure and heart rate were investigated and compared with those of clonidine in anaesthetized rabbits. The i.c.v. injection of guanfacine or clonidine induced a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate in doses which were ineffective by an intravenous route. The depressive effect of guanfacine was less than that of clonidine, but the duration of this action was obviously longer than that of clonidine. A fall in heart rate caused by guanfacine was always less conspicuous than that by clonidine in equipotent hypertensive doses. Decrease in blood pressure and heart rate caused by the two drugs were inhibited by i.c.v. pretreatment with phentolamine and 6 hydroxydopamine, respectively. These findings suggest that presynaptic and/or postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors in the brain may play an important role in the hypotension and bradycardia produced by guanfacine as well as clonidine. Furthermore, the uptake mechanism at the presynaptic sites of central noradrenergic neurons may be involved in the mode of hypotensive and bradycardic actions of these two drugs since these effects were abolished by pretreatment with desipramine, an inhibitor of noradrenaline uptake into the presynaptic nerve terminals. PMID- 7047325 TI - [Pharmacological studies on azosemide [5-(4'-chloro-5'-sulfamoyl-2'-thenylamino) phenyltetrazole], a new diuretic (1) Effects on diuresis, plasma renin activity and urinary prostaglandin E excretion in normal rats (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of azosemide on diuresis, plasma renin activity (PRA), and urinary prostaglandin E (PGE) excretion in normal rats and rats pretreated with indomethacin were studied in comparison with those of furosemide. Azosemide at doses ranging from 10 to 40 mg/kg p.o. dose-dependently increased urinary volume and Na+, K+, and Cl- excretions. In this case, the increases in urinary volume and Na+, K+, and Cl- excretions with 40 mg/kg of this drug were 3.4 and 4.1, 2.9, and 5.8 times, respectively. Pretreatment with indomethacin (10 mg/kg X 3 p.o.), a PG synthesis inhibitor, inhibited the increasing effects of this drug on urinary volume and Na+ and Cl-excretions by 80 or approximately 90%. Moreover, the increasing effects of this drug on PRA and urinary PGE excretion were also inhibited remarkably to the same degree by pretreatment with indomethacin. These effects of azosemide were roughly similar to those of furosemide. From these results, the diuretic action of azosemide, like that of furosemide, may partly be mediated through the activation of the PG system in kidney. PMID- 7047326 TI - Arthritides affecting the foot: radiographic--pathological correlation. PMID- 7047327 TI - Radiologic evaluation of the arthritis foot. PMID- 7047328 TI - Physician murderers and criminals. PMID- 7047329 TI - [Immunoglobulins in bacterial and viral meningitis. Results of a controlled randomized clinical study of intravenous and intrathecal application]. AB - The efficacy of additional intravenous and intrathecal immunoglobulin (Ig) therapy was investigated in a randomized clinical trial with 68 patients divided with the aid of a list of random numbers into two groups according to their infection. The group of bacterial infections of the CNS included 29 patients and the group of virus infections of the CNS 39 patients. The statistical evaluation of patients with bacterial infections and of those with virus infections was done separately. Group 1 received 10 g Ig each as a short infusion on two consecutive days. Patients with bacterial infections received in addition on every second day and patients with viral infections on every fifth day 500 mg of the same preparation by intrathecal injection. In contrast to this, a control group received the usual therapy only, principally antibiotics for purulent meningitis. The following characteristics were investigated and compared as variable criteria of the course of the disease and consequently of the efficacy of the additional therapy with Ig: CSF cell count, CSF protein, pyrexia, general condition, paralyses, neuropsychological defects, vigilance and EEG recording. As overall criteria of the course of the disease the length of stay in hospital and the rise in temperature were considered. The results of the statistical analysis showed a statistically significant superiority for the Ig-treatment which was most marked in the regression of the CSF pleocytosis, total CSF protein and pyrexia. For the subjectively graded clinical evaluations such as general condition, disturbances of vigilance, transient paralyses, neuropsychological defects and EEG tracings the statistical significance still applied, even if not so pronounced as for the previously mentioned criteria. PMID- 7047330 TI - [Goethe from a physician's viewpoint]. PMID- 7047331 TI - [Posttraumatic osteomyelitis. Mode of infection, significance of metal implants]. AB - Guniea-pigs of the Duncan-Hartley strain were used in a model of posttraumatic osteomyelitis. One femur had been fractured with or without consequent metal implantation and infected subsequently with 10(7) or 10(5) staphylococcus aureus or E. coli. 85% of the animals infected with staph. aureus and 56% infected with E. coli developed osteomyelitis. Healing of infection occurred in 3 cases only and always in the absence of metal implants. All bone infection persisting for more than 3 months were also detectable after 12-18 months. The assessment of opsonising factors revealed a long lasting deficiency in guinea-pigs with metal implants. PMID- 7047332 TI - [Principles of fracture treatment. 1. Lower extremities, 1. The femur]. PMID- 7047333 TI - [Notes on the model "universal genesis of psychoses"--aspects of an unconventional interpretation of mental diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The article describes a temporarily closed model of a uniform interpretation of all endogenous psychosyndromes (universal genesis of psychoses) which, however, is capable of extension and modification. This concept, which was developed in 1964, does not postulate a "unitary psychosis" in the narrow sense of the term. It is based mainly on results obtained in traditional psychiatry and combines individual aspects and opinions which are used by other psychiatrists also who share these opinions although mostly they do not employ them as general principles. To substantiate the author's own position, several old and new problems of the doctrine of psychoses are illuminated from a uniform point of view. In this synopsis biologically relevant aspects are emphasized, especially those of the common pathogenetic fundamentals, the common phases of the disease, as well as the agreements in recording of the syndromes. The final section of the study provides a condensed survey of the essential factors and consequences of the concept, supplying details to supplement this brief review. PMID- 7047334 TI - Metabolic changes of prostaglandins in diabetic rats and restoration by insulin therapy. PMID- 7047335 TI - [History and overview of psychiatric spa therapy in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 7047336 TI - [Flurbiprofen (Flugalin) - a new non-steroidal antirheumatic agent from the propionic acid derivative series]. PMID- 7047337 TI - Treatment of chronic active hepatitis (CAH): a retrospective review of 130 patients. AB - The authors review the course of disease in 130 patients (87 HBsAg-positive and 43 HBsAg-negative) with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) observed in the last six years. Patients were treated with prednisone (36 HBsAg-positive an 8 HBsAg negative), azathioprine (7 HBsAg-positive and 12 HBsAg-negative) or a combination of prednisone and azathioprine (23 HBsAg-positive and 14 HBsAg-negative), or remained untreated (21 HBsAg-positive and 9 HBsAg-negative). Among HBsAg-positive patients improvement was observed in 54% of the 66 patients treated, and in none of the 21 untreated patients (P less than 0.001). Treatment did not modify the course of the disease in HBsAg-negative patients with CAH; this is probably related either to the small number of patients in each treatment group, or to geographical differences. Furthermore treatment was not effective in patients older than 40 years, whether HBsAg-positive or HBsAg-negative. Three out of 87 HBsAg-positive patients, and two out of the 43 HBsAg-negative patients had died by the end of the observation period irrespective of treatment. Full remission with clearance of HBsAg was observed only in one patient after 4 years of treatment with steroids. PMID- 7047339 TI - Possible involvement of macrophage-mediated hepatocytotoxicity in chronic active hepatitis: the induction of liver cell injury by culture supernatant of MAF activated macrophages. AB - When peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with various types of hepatitis were stimulated in vitro with liver specific protein, lymphocyte transformation and MIF production were demonstrated in many cases, especially in chronic active hepatitis. The culture supernatant of these activated lymphocytes was also shown to contain MAF, a kind of lymphokine, which activated the peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs. When the culture fluid of MAF-activated macrophages was added to isolated liver cells, a significant inhibition of their albumin biosynthesis was detected. The active principle which caused the impairment of liver function was fractionated by gel filtration using a Sephadex G-75 column, and it was found that the active material was a protein-like substance with a molecular weight of about 10,000-40,000. The results suggest the possibility that the soluble substance released from the activated macrophage may be involved at least partially in the immunological pathogenesis of chronic active hepatitis among many other immunological processes. PMID- 7047338 TI - Immunological studies on chronic active hepatitis: possible involvement of macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity in its immunopathogenesis. AB - The possible involvement of cell-mediated immune responses to liver-specific protein in the pathogenesis of liver injury was investigated. The subjects consisted of seven patients with acute hepatitis, 12 cases with chronic active hepatitis, four cases with chronic inactive hepatitis, and three cases with liver cirrhosis. When peripheral blood lymphocytes from these patients were cultured in the presence of liver specific protein, and lymphocyte transformation was determined by measuring the uptake of [3H]thymidine into acid-insoluble materials, positive blastogenesis was seen in two cases with acute hepatitis and in six cases with chronic active hepatitis. The macrophage activating factor (MAF), a kind of lymphokine, was also detectable in the culture medium of activated lymphocytes from six patients who showed positive blastogenesis by estimating [3H]glucosamine incorporation into macrophages. Furthermore, the MAF activated macrophages wer shown to be cytotoxic for the isolated liver cells causing marked inhibition of albumin synthesis. This macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity was detected in eight cases that showed positive lymphocyte transformation. These observations suggest that macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity plays a role in the pathogenesis of chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 7047340 TI - Treatment of ulcerative colitis by the direct administration of an antifibrinolytic agent as an enema. AB - Fibrinolytic activity in biopsied colonic mucosa was examined in patients with ulcerative colitis, and most cases were found to have increased tissue fibrinolysis -- due mainly to tissue plasminogen activator -- in the affected mucosa. Five cases, 4 with elevated tissue fibrinolysis and 1 normal, were treated with an antifibrinolytic agent, tranexamic acid (trans-AMCHA) administered as an enema, to inhibit fibrinolysis of the affected mucosa directly. In patients with elevated mucosal fibrinolysis, 2 showed complete remission after tranexamic acid enema alone, and there was one remission in response to combination treatment with oral prednisolone. One case with slightly elevated mucosal fibrinolysis showed clinical improvement, although the radiological findings were unchanged. No response was observed in one case with normal tissue fibrinolysis. It is concluded that tranexamic acid may show a therapeutic effect in ulcerative colitis with elevated mucosal fibrinolysis when administered via an enema, which allows direct contact of the drug with the affected mucosa. PMID- 7047341 TI - Double blind controlled trial with oxmetidine and cimetidine in the short-term treatment of duodenal ulcer. AB - Clinical efficacy and safety of oxmetidine (400 mg b.i.d.), a new potent specific H2-receptor antagonist, and cimetidine (1 g/day) were compared in a double-blind randomized trial of 4 weeks duration that involved 39 outpatients with endoscopically proven active duodenal ulcer. The disappearance of the ulcer crater leading to complete reepithelization of the bulbs or to the presence of erosions occurred in 17 out of 19 (89.6%) patients treated with oxmetidine, and in 13 out of 20 (65.0%) patients treated with cimetidine (n.s.). Ulcer symptoms and antacid consumption were not different in two groups. No side effects or significant haematological or biochemical abnormalities were found. Both drugs failed to evoke significant changes in the basal levels of prolactin (PRL) and gonadotropins. The higher, though not significant, percentage of healing obtained with oxmetidine had no clinical relevance and needs to be demonstrated in a larger number of patients. PMID- 7047342 TI - Tissue demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in columnar esophageal epithelium. PMID- 7047343 TI - Anticholinergics for peptic ulcer--a renaissance? PMID- 7047344 TI - Insulin antibodies in juvenile diabetes mellitus. Correlations to diabetic stability, insulin requirement and duration of insulin treatment. AB - We investigated the plasma insulin binding patterns of 15 insulin-treated juvenile diabetics with a very low residual B-cell function. Determination of the insulin binding was performed after removal of therapeutic insulin. 125I monoiodoinsulin was used and insulin binding was measured over a large range of insulin concentration. Insulin binding parameters were evaluated by Scatchard analysis of the binding data. Significantly elevated insulin binding was detected when the diabetic control was stable. These patients had a lower insulin requirement and low equilibrium dissociation constants of the high affinity antibodies. Furthermore, a strong negative correlation between the duration of insulin treatment and insulin binding could be demonstrated resulting from both decreasing antibody affinities and maximum binding capacities. We discuss the stabilizing effect of insulin antibodies on the metabolic character assuming that dissociating insulin-antibody complexes mimic a "basal insulin secretion" similar to pancreatic B-cells with residual functional capacity. PMID- 7047345 TI - Nuclear androgen receptors in prostates from diabetic rats. AB - It is shown that the binding of the synthetic androgen [3H] methyltrienolone ([3H] R1881) to the nuclear fraction of prostates of streptozotocin-diabetic rats is 38% reduced in comparison to controls. Although the exogenous replacement therapy of diabetic animals wih insulin was capable of restoring to normality several body and tissue parameters, the androgen binding capacity of prostate nuclei is not recovered. Normal binding values were observed in diabetic animals which have been treated with exogenous testosterone. It is postulated that the decrease in the nuclear androgen receptor content in the prostatic gland of streptozotocin-diabetic rats is due to the lower circulating testosterone levels in these animals. PMID- 7047346 TI - Effect of protein-supplemented fasting on metabolic and hormonal responses to epinephrine infusion in obese subjects. AB - The present study aimed at investigating the effects of an epinephrine (EPI) intravenous infusion (10 micrograms/min for 30 min) in normal subjects and in obese patients before and after 13 days of protein-supplemented fasting (PSF, 70 g protein/day). Blood glucose, plasma free fatty acids (FFA), lactate, insulin (IRI) and glucagon were determined before, during (15, 30 min) and after (+30 and +60 min) the EPI infusion. 1. When compared to lean control subjects, obese patients exhibited a less marked rise in blood glucose and a more important increase in plasma FFA, EPI infusion decreased IRI plasma levels in normals but not in the obese. Plasma glucagon was lower in the obese under basal conditions and their A cell reactivity to EPI was clearly reduced. 2. Comparison of the results obtained in obese patients before and after PSF revealed that EPI-induced blood glucose rise was not altered despite lower basal values after PSF. Plasma lactate response was impaired, probably because of the depletion in muscle glycogen. Reduction in basal plasma IRI was associated with a significantly higher FFA mobilization. Abnormally low basal EPI-stimulated glucagon concentrations persisted after PSF despite concomitant reductions in blood glucose and plasma IRI. PMID- 7047347 TI - Modulation by insulin and glucagon of the rate of [3H] H2O incorporation into glycerolipids by isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7047348 TI - Peripheral plasma levels of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-like immunoreactivity and luteinizing hormone in anestrous and ovariectomized sheep. AB - Low levels of endogenous LHRH-like immunoreactivity (IR) were consistently detected in methanolic extracts of plasma samples from anestrous and ovariectomized sheep. Mean concentrations were similar in magnitude in the intact and castrate ewes (7.7 +/- 7.0 and 6.1 +/- 0.8 pg/ml, respectively) but revealed greater within animal fluctuations in the ovariectomized sheep (CVs: anestrous ewes = 20 +/- 3%; ovariectomized ewes = 45 +/- 10%). Patterns of plasma LHRH-like IR and LH levels were not obviously related. Differences in levels of LHRH-like IR did exist between ewes and in the ovariectomized sheep the levels were positively correlated (r = .83, P less than ,05) with the pituitary LH response to synthetic LHRH injection (0.25 micrograms). Large plasma volumes (250 ml) were extracted using chloroform, methanol and acetic acid and then chromatographed using Sephadex LH-20. Plasma LHRH-like IR could be concentrated and was found to have a column elution volume coincidence with that of synthetic LHRH. These data indicate that there is a substance in ovine plasma which is close in size, solubility and IR to sLHRH. It does not reflect LH levels in either magnitude or pattern but does exhibit a coincident increase in variation with plasma LH levels following ovariectomy and appears to be associated with the pituitary responsiveness. PMID- 7047349 TI - Heat-inactivation of insulin-degrading process on erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7047350 TI - Effect of clofibrate on insulin release from rat Islets of Langerhans. PMID- 7047351 TI - Current status of hyperammonemic syndromes. PMID- 7047352 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of pancreatic kallikrein in human acinar cells. AB - The immunological localization of kallikrein in human pancreatic tissue was studied at the optical and subcellular levels. Data obtained by light microscopy, using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques, demonstrate the presence of kallikrein in pancreatic acinar cells. Ultrastructural localization was performed by using the immunocytochemical protein A-gold technique. Kallikrein was found at the level of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and mainly in the zymogen granules of pancreatic acinar cells. Kallikrein was not found in the centro-acinar or duct cells. PMID- 7047353 TI - Effect of granulocyte proteases on human coagulation factors IX and X. The protective effect of calcium. AB - The inactivation of the zymogen and active forms of Factors IX and X by the effect of granulocyte proteases was investigated. As deduced from the apparent first-order inactivation rate constants, Factors IXa and Xa were about ten times as sensitive to proteolytic inactivation as the zymogen factors. In the presence of 2.5mM CaCl2 the rate of inactivation of zymogens decreased to one half. With the active factors, calcium caused complete resistance to proteolysis, prevailing for 15 min. The analysis of resistance to proteolysis, prevailing for 15 min. The analysis of resistance to proteolysis led us to the conclusion that the observed phenomenon was related to the calcium binding ability of the factors studied and can probably be explained by the protection of the active sites of enzymes. PMID- 7047354 TI - Immunoperoxidase techniques in human renal biopsy. AB - Immunoperoxidase techniques can be easily performed on formalin fixed renal tissue after incubation in trypsin. The sensitivity of the PAP technique on fixed tissue is as good as immunofluorescence methods using frozen sections. The method provides permanent preparations with clear localization of deposited immunoproteins giving accurate classification of renal disease and assessment for treatment. The availability of this technique for retrospective and centralized studies is a major advantage. Infectious agents are rendered harmless and can be specifically identified. The development of the trypsin-immunoperoxidase technique is an important and exciting advance in renal immunopathology. PMID- 7047355 TI - Strategic planning and hospitals: a business perspective. PMID- 7047356 TI - Planning the flexible laboratory environment. PMID- 7047357 TI - The "dumping" dilemma: The poor are always with some of us. PMID- 7047358 TI - Gabriel Ward Lasker. PMID- 7047359 TI - Human population biology: a viable transdisciplinary science. PMID- 7047360 TI - Autobiographical note: Gabriel Ward Lasker. PMID- 7047361 TI - Tetracycline-labeled human bone from a medieval population in Nubia's Batn el Hajar (550-1450 A.D.). PMID- 7047362 TI - Occupational stress: review and reappraisal. PMID- 7047363 TI - [The antimycotica disc elution test: a new quantitative antimycotica test for yeasts (author's transl)]. AB - The number of opportunistic yeast infections has increased during the last years. Therefore, testing of antimycotica has become important in terms of reliability and speed. Todays testing is essentially based on the disc diffusion susceptibility test and to a minor extent on the evaluation of the minimal inhibitory concentration. Two disc diffusion tests were compared. Both tests were shown to be practicable as a screening test. However, false positive results were obtained at a rather high percentage. Therefore, a new antimycotica test based on the disc elution test was developed and compared to a disc diffusion test. The resistance patterns for 5-fluorocytosine assayed by the disc elution test were in good agreement to the minimal inhibitory concentration. The test was shown to be adaptable for the imidazole-antimycoticas as well. PMID- 7047364 TI - [Experimental Klebsiella pneumonia (author's transl)]. AB - Experimental pneumonia was investigated by light microscopic, electron microscopic and morphometric methods in mice infected with the problem spore Klebsiella pneumoniae. In the early stage (2 to 7 hours post infection) we found Klebsiellae and aggregates of platelets in the pulmonary capillaries, but we could not establish significant structural alterations with morphometric methods. The ultrastructural investigation revealed alterations of the alveolar lining cells and the endothelial cells of capillaries and an infiltration of the interalveolar septula with polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leucocytes. These early changes were followed by an intraalveolar infiltration with inflammatory cells. Complement activation is considered as a trigger of the initial inflammatory reaction. The results of our study indicate that bacterial pneumonia starts in the interalveolar septula and secondary involves the alveolar spaces. A restitutio ad integrum of the lung develops 11 days post infection. PMID- 7047365 TI - T-cell growth factor and glucocorticoids: opposing regulatory hormones in neoplastic T-cell growth. PMID- 7047366 TI - Human T-cell growth factor: purification biochemical characterization, and interaction with a cellular receptor. PMID- 7047367 TI - The biological and biochemical basis of allogeneic effect factor (AEF) activity: relationship to T cell alloreactivity. PMID- 7047368 TI - Current view on the mononuclear phagocyte system. PMID- 7047369 TI - The origin of osteoclasts. AB - We are satisfied from studies with mi mi osteopetrotic mutant mice that osteoclasts arise from the myeloid tissue of bone marrow and not as formerly proposed from osteoprogenitor cells. Grafts of compatible normal myeloid cells cure the osteopetrosis by the substitution of the qualitatively defective osteoclasts with normal ones. Nevertheless it is still not fully clear through what cellular cascade this is effected. Current opinion would favour the pathway from pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells to circulating monocytes to tissue macrophages with ultimate fusion to form multinucleate osteoclasts. However, it is recorded that osteoclasts differ from macrophage polykaryons of inflammatory tissue not only in certain subcellular characteristics but in absence of Fc and C3 receptors. We can explain this as due to development through a specialised line of osteoclast precursors independent of conventional macrophages, if current unpublished experimental studies confirm the transfer to osteoclasts of the additional "beige" marker incorporated into grafted material. PMID- 7047370 TI - Do resident macrophages proliferate? AB - Immunocytochemical studies on both the light-microscopic and electron-microscopic levels proved that peritoneal resident macrophages derive from a precursor cell in the bone marrow. Evidence that this precursor cell differs from that of the monocyte is described. Progenitor cells of peritoneal resident macrophages were found in the peritoneal milky spots. Peritoneal resident macrophages show local proliferation, as determined by 3H-thymidine labelling and electron-microscopic autoradiography. On the basis of these findings it is postulated that peritoneal resident macrophages derive from locally proliferating progenitor cells which themselves arise from specific stem cells in the bone marrow, differing from the stem cells of the monocyte/granulocyte series. PMID- 7047371 TI - Origin of synovial type A cells during inflammation. An experimental approach. AB - Antigen-induced hypersensitivity arthritis in guinea pigs leads to histopathological changes in the synovial membrane similar to those seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Until recently, the characteristic lining-cell hyperplasia was believed to be mainly due to proliferation of synoviocytes. The validity of this hitherto predominating concept might be refused by our experimental cell kinetic data, which demonstrate a pronounced participation of cells of the bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocyte system in inner multilayer formation of the inflamed synovium. This view of the response of the synovium as a bone marrow dependent reaction is strongly supported by whole-body irradiation experiments, which indicated that hyperplasia of the lining cell of the synovium is absent in animals with an induced cell depletion of the bone marrow. PMID- 7047372 TI - Are resting and/or reactive microglia macrophages? AB - According to recent submicroscopic, cytokinetics, and functional (particularly cytoimmunologic) investigations, no relationship exists between "resting" microglia (the small argyrophilic cells appearing in undamaged brain tissue, first described by Rio Hortega) and "reactive" microglia (the argyrophilic cells appearing under pathologic conditions). While "resting" microglia are apparently cells of neuro-ectodermal origin, all observations tend to indicate that "reactive" microglia are derived from extravasated blood monocytes and should be called brain macrophages. In the intact brain parenchyma, no macrophages are demonstrable. Free subarachnoidal cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), perivascular cells, and epiplexus and/or supraependymal cells in the CSF containing spaces of the normal central nervous system are cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system and must be considered as CSF macrophages. According to rough estimates, the normal adult central nervous system contains a maximum of 280,000 CSF macrophages. PMID- 7047373 TI - Relation between langerhans cells, veiled cells, and interdigitating cells. AB - Tissue macrophages are bone marrow derived mononuclear cells which play an important role in the immune response, especially as antigen presenting cells. They comprise a heterogeneous population of cells with phagocytic activity. On morphological functional and cytochemical criteria it is likely that the Langerhans cell (LC) in the epidermis, the veiled cell (VC) in the afferent lymph and the interdigitating cell (IDC) in the thymus dependent area of peripheral lymphoid organs and the thymus medulla belong to a subpopulation of the macrophages. They are low phagocytic, Ia positive and are highly immunogenic. VC and IDC may contain Birbeck granules, the characteristic organelles of the LC, suggesting a relationship between these cell types. An epithelial micro environment as present in the skin epidermis and the thymus is necessary for the induction of these granules, which appear to have no immunological significance. In a scheme the development from monocyte into LC or into VC and subsequently IDC is postulated. Probably VC transport antigen from the skin area via the afferent lymphatics into the draining lymph node. In the thymus dependent area of this organ they present this antigen to T cells and mature into IDC. IDC in the medullary area of the thymus may also be involved in antigen presentation to immunocompetent T cells. However, in this central lymphoid organ a function in instruction of helper T cells may not be excluded. PMID- 7047374 TI - The origin, morphology, and function of epithelioid cells. AB - Epithelioid cells are cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system found in certain granulomas mainly associated with intense immunological activity. These cells show little phagocytic activity. In certain experimental granulomas such as those produced in guinea pigs sensitive to zirconium, and at sites of intense inflammatory reaction in man, they may contain varying amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum ("secretory" epithelioid cells). In other situations such as tuberculoid leprosy and in some cases of sarcoidosis they may have the appearance of activated macrophages or take on a multivesicular appearance ("vesicular" epithelioid cells). It is suggested that "vesicular epithelioid cells could develop from "secretory" epithelioid cells by a process of degeneration. In studies comparing granulomas induced in lymph nodes draining the site of intradermal injection of mycobacteria, epithelioid cell granulomas were produced with BCG vaccine, whereas, the granulomas induced by Mycobacterium leprae contained undifferentiated macrophages that contained phagocytosed organisms. The BCG granulomas were in addition characterised by fibroblast infiltration, the presence of collagen and resolution by fibrosis. M. leprae granulomas showed little evidence of fibroblastic activity. Biochemical studies confirmed that BCG granulomas formed new collagen in vitro, whereas this did not take place with M. leprae granulomas. It is suggested that epithelioid cells could play an important role in fibrosis possibly by the secretion of a fibroblast activating factor. PMID- 7047375 TI - Inflammatory giant cells. AB - Giant cells are commonly seen in granulomas produced by a wide variety of known and unknown agents. It is widely accepted that giant cell formation results from fusion of mononuclear phagocytes. Both experimental and circumstantial evidence suggests that fusion takes place following the attachment of more than one macrophage to the same endocytic material. This view is in keeping with the consistent observation of giant cell formation in granulomas, where macrophages are actively ingesting material in close apposition to other macrophages. The experimental evidence for this view derives from the finding that if more than one macrophage is attached simultaneously to the same endocytic material in vitro, fusion results. Study of the phagocytic capacity of giant cells formed in vivo suggests that the same mechanism of fusion operates in granulomatous inflammation. Giant cell formation in granulomas thus appears to be the incidental result of macrophages ingesting material in close apposition to other macrophages. The material responsible for fusion may either be the visible particulate cause of granuloma formation or the denatured macromolecules formed by the inflammatory process. PMID- 7047376 TI - The use and limitation of monoclonal antibodies against mononuclear phagocytes. AB - Monoclonal antibodies have been used to study receptors on the plasma membrane of macrophages, as well as the processes of membrane synthesis, internalization, recycling and macrophage differentiation and activation. Various immunisation and screening procedures have been employed. Most reagents produced so far are not restricted to macrophages in their binding specificity. Monoclonal antibodies have been of great use in characterising murine Fc receptors and in studying the composition of the membrane of pinocytic vesicles. Antibody F4/80 has been used to examine the behaviour of the 160K membrane protein it defines during macrophage differentiation and activation. This antigen is absent on macrophage precursors, is expressed in relatively large amounts on mature macrophages, but expression is diminished on activated populations. No macrophage subset heterogeneity has been defined by ag F4/80 or 2 other monoclonal antibody-defined macrophage antigens, as all bone marrow-derived macrophage clones express these antigens. Anti-macrophage antibodies have already proved useful as diagnostic markers and in cell separation. Reagents such as these will help to sort out relationships between macrophages and other presumptive mononuclear phagocytes. PMID- 7047377 TI - Functional active complement components secreted by guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. AB - In our studies on complement secretion functional C1, C4, C2, C3, P, D and B were clearly identified in the same cultures. Functional assays did not allow the detection of C5 to C9. Spontaneous C3 activation occurred at a very low level in culture supernatants. The responsible enzyme was identified as a metallo-enzyme. Upon addition of antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes (EA) to culture supernatant it was possible to induce C3 activation as indicated by the apparent formation of EAC1423. Zymosan was also able to activate C3 in culture supernatant after addition of purified functional factor B indicating efficient cooperation of factors of the alternative pathway. Thus in this in vitro system macrophages not only provide C3 but also all factors for spontaneous and induced C3 activation. If these secretory functions reflect in vivo properties of macrophages, our results may indicate that C3 and its activating systems are most relevant for local cooperation between macrophages and the complement system in inflammation and antimicrobial defense. Therefore availability of these essential factors at any time is secured by local production. PMID- 7047378 TI - Visual observations of chemotaxis and chemotropism in mouse macrophages. AB - Locomotion of mouse macrophages in relation to spores of Candida albicans in mouse serum was studied by time-lapse cinematography using thioglycollate elicited peritoneal macrophages, resident peritoneal macrophages, and a murine macrophage line (J774 B10). Thioglycollate-elicited macrophages and the cell line responded well to the spores, but very few of the resident macrophages showed any response. The macrophages showed chemotactic responses with straight-line locomotion towards spores. Thioglycollate-elicited macrophages, which were frequently spread on glass, could also respond to spores 20-30 micrometers away by chemotropism, i.e. extension of a large hyaline veil to engulf the spore without prior displacement of the body of the cell. Engulfed spores were then pulled into the organelle-rich cell centre. In this population, there was no incompatibility between spread morphology and motile behaviour. In contrast, J774 B10 did not spread and moved with a rounded morphology and with a very small anterior hyaline veil towards the gradient source. Macrophages moved more slowly than peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes. The mean speed of thioglycollate elicited and cell line macrophages was 3-4 micrometers per minute. The few motile resident peritoneal macrophages moved even more slowly, i.e. ca 2 micrometers per minute. PMID- 7047379 TI - Macrophages as cytotoxic effector cells. AB - Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system can be activated by lymphokines to both increased extracellular cytotoxicity against tumor targets and intracellular cytotoxicity against micro-organisms. In addition, these effector cells can kill antibody-coated target cells in an ADCC system. These two cytotoxic mechanisms can co-operate and act synergistically. Such an synergistic action is characterized by the specificity of the antibody which coats the target cells and not by the non-specific activation induced by high dosages of lymphokine. The lymphokine MCF has partially been purified and separated from a variety of other lymphokines. This purified material, when injected into mice intraperitoneally, activates the macrophages to strong cytotoxicity. Evidence obtained by the use of different rat anti-mouse macrophage monoclonal antibodies suggests that there exist different subpopulations of macrophage and that some of these subpopulations can be correlated to defined functions. PMID- 7047380 TI - Differential effector functions of central and peripheral compartments of immune response system: characterization of immune responses in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes to directly injected sheep red blood cells. AB - When sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.), intravenously (i.v.), or into the Peyer's patches, definite plaque-forming cell (PFC) and rosette-forming cell (RFC) responses were induced in the spleen but not in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). When SRBC were injected directly into the spleen or MLN, stronger PFC and RFC responses were induced in the spleen or MLN, respectively, than when injected i.p. or i.v. PFC response induced in MLN by injecting SRBC into MLN with or without the polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae type 1 Kasuya strain (CPS-K) as an immunological adjuvant was weaker than that induced in the spleen by injecting the antigen into the spleen. Direct PFC (PFC of IgM type) and RFC responses induced in the spleen by injecting SRBC into MLN were rather stronger than those induced in the spleen by injecting the antigen into the spleen. In contrast, no significant responses were induced in MLN by injecting SRBC into the spleen, and no definite indirect PFC (PFC of IgG type) response was induced in the spleen by injecting the antigen into MLN. The levels of whole immunological memory as well as isolated B- or T-cell memory in the spleen and MLN of mice injected with SRBC directly into the spleen or MLN were determined by using an in vitro assay system. Definite amounts of either B- or T-cell memory were detected in the spleen of mice injected with SRBC directly into the spleen of MLN. Smaller amounts of memory were detected in MLN injected with SRBC directly into the spleen. Moreover, the amounts of whole memory detected in MLN were much less than compared with those of isolated T- and B-cell memories in MLN. Further experiments showed that in vitro expression of the memories preserved in MLN required supplement of glass non-adherent cells from normal spleen. Based on these results, we discussed the possible differential and collaborative functions of the central (spleen) and peripheral (MLN) immune response systems in antibody responses. PMID- 7047381 TI - Cleavage of IgG by elastase-like protease (ELP) of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN): isolation and characterization of Fab and Fc fragments and low molecular-weight peptides. Stimulation of granulocyte function by ELP-derived Fab and Fc fragments. AB - The elastase-like protease (ELP) from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PNM) is able to split human IgG into Fab and Fc-like fragments and smaller peptides. These fragments are similar but not identical to those produced by papain. They differ in their electrophoretical mobility as well as in their molecular weights. Both ELP-Fab and papain-Fab show antigen-binding capacity. In contrast to papain derived split products of IgG, the ELP-generated Fab and Fc fragments could enhance granulocyte function. Both ELP-Fab and ELP-Fc increase the spontaneous reduction of nitroblue-tetrazolium (NBT) in granulocytes dose-dependent in a homologous as well as in an autologous system. Furthermore, the ELP-derived Fab and Fc induce an active release of ELP by PMN. It could also be demonstrated that Fab as well as Fc increased the peroxidase activity in granulocytes. PMID- 7047382 TI - Quantitative analysis of mucosal mast cell protease in the intestines of Nippostrongylus-infected rats. AB - Following infection with the intestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, mucosal mast cell (MMC) proliferated in the jejunum and the peak of this response was associated with a nine-fold increase in the level of mucosal mast cell protease (RMCPII) in the mucosa. At this stage the protease constituted 10%-15% of the soluble protein from gut homogenates. Concomitant immunoperoxidase studies showed that during the early proliferation of the MMC, only a proportion of the cells in lamina propria and none of the MMC within the epithelium contained detectable RMCPII. Fourteen and 20 days post infection and following a secondary challenge, staining for RMCPII in lamina propria MMC was much stronger and a few intraepithelial mast cells also contained RMCPII. With time after infection an increasing proportion of intestinal goblet cells were specifically labelled, indicating an accumulation either of RMCPII or of an antigenically similar enzyme within mucous glycoproteins. The significance of the high levels of protease in parasitized gut and of its apparent cellular distribution is discussed in relation to the protective response against the parasite. PMID- 7047383 TI - Abolition of the bactericidal function of polymorphs by ferritin-antiferritin complexes. AB - In plasma clots the presence of ferritin-antiferritin complexes interferes with the bactericidal powers of polymorphs against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Equivalent concentrations of apoferritin-antiferritin complexes, which lack Fe, do not have this effect and it is therefore suggested that the iron-binding capacity of lactoferrin in polymorphs plays an essential role in the bactericidal power of the cell. Similar results were obtained in vivo where ferritin-antiferritin complexes cause a high mortality in otherwise non lethal infections. Evidence suggests that it is the iron in the ferritin which is responsible for the rapid intracellular bacterial growth and that lactoferrin normally plays an important protective role within the polymorphs. PMID- 7047384 TI - Characterization of a guinea-pig lymphokine, macrophage agglutination factor. AB - We have previously shown guinea-pig macrophage agglutination factor (MAggF-) to be a high mol. wt (greater than or equal to 150,000) T-cell-dependent lymphokine that is antigenically distinct from migration inhibition factor and immunoglobulin. As part of an ongoing project to purify and isolate this material, we have determined a number of its physical and chemical characteristics in culture supernatants of lymph node cells. MAggF is stable in the pH range 3-9, is stable to heating at 56 degrees for 30 min, but undergoes denaturation after heating at 60 degrees--65 degrees. MAggF activity is destroyed by proteinase but is resistant to treatment with hyaluronidase. MAggF activity is lost on reduction and is not regained on prolonged dialysis. Preparative isoelectric focusing of culture supernatants showed MAggF in a single broad peak (pI 5.6-6.3), with maximum activity at pI 6.1. PMID- 7047385 TI - Inhibition of cytokine production by a tumor cell product. AB - Supernatants from cultured mouse and human tumour cells, but not mouse or guinea pig fibroblasts, inhibited the production of a lymphokine, macrophage chemotactic factor, by PHA-stimulated mouse spleen cells. The supernatants affected spleen cells from old, but not young, mice. They were most active if added at the start of the spleen cell culture and did not act by binding phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). The active material had an approximate molecular weight, on membrane filtration, of 1000-10,000 and could be bound to and eluted from Con A-Sepharose. Tumour supernatant factor(s) of similar molecular weight inhibited the production of interleukin 1 (lymphocyte activating factor) in response to lipopolysaccharide by stimulated thioglycollate-induced peritoneal exudate macrophages, but not by Corynebacterium parvum-activated macrophages. Similar tumour-produced material has been found to inhibit the early phase of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in older mice. It is suggested that this effect is due, at least in part, to inhibition of interleukin 1 production leading to inhibition of lymphokine production. PMID- 7047386 TI - Antibody mediated regulation of immune responses. I. Enhancement of specific antibody responses through IgM antibodies. AB - Injection of monoclonal IgM antibodies to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) 2 h before immunization with a low dose of antigen (Ag) specifically enhances the direct and indirect plaque-forming cell response. This enhancement was specific: the specific antigen had to be present; the plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to TNP Ficoll- or bromelein-treated mouse red blood cells was not enhanced; the PFC response to SRBC was not enhanced by injections of monoclonal antibody to TNP. The optimum conditions for enhancement were found to be dependent on both the dose and the time of administration of antibody in relation to antigen. The possible mechanisms for this enhanced antibody response are discussed. PMID- 7047387 TI - Comparison of the sensitivity of in vivo detection of immunological tolerance in the xenogeneic system. PMID- 7047389 TI - Outer membrane mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 have lipopolysaccharide dependent resistance to the bactericidal activity of anaerobic human neutrophils. AB - The capacity of neutrophil polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) to phagocytize bacteria under anaerobic as well as aerobic conditions afforded the opportunity to compare the bactericidal activities of oxygen-independent and oxygen-dependent antimicrobial mechanisms in human PMNs challenged with Salmonella typhimurium LT2 and its lipopolysaccharide mutants (outer membrane mutants). Anaerobic human PMNs challenged with either opsonized LT2 or serum-treated zymosan failed to produce detectable superoxide anion (O2-) or to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, although aerobic PMNs readily produced O2- in response to such challenge. Anaerobic PMNs killed these bacteria in an ordered fashion that appeared to be dependent on their lipopolysaccharide chemotype. As the carbohydrate content of the mutant lipopolysaccharide decreased, the bacteria became less resistant to the oxygen independent bactericidal activity. The results resembled the ordered resistance to oxygen-independent killing observed with LT2 and its mutants in PMN-free systems with PMN granule proteins. Studies on the kinetics of killing showed these to be less rapid in anaerobic as compared with aerobic conditions. Opsonization increased the rate of phagocytosis, but such factors as opsonization and the rate of phagocytosis did not appear to affect intraleukocytic bactericidal capacity in that the resultant proportion of bacteria remaining viable after ingestion was similar regardless of which serum was used (normal serum, C6-deficient serum, C8-deficient serum, or no serum at all). The results are consistent with an active and substantial participation by oxygen-independent systems in the antimicrobial effects of neutrophils. PMID- 7047388 TI - Murine monoclonal antibodies specific for virulent Treponema pallidum (Nichols). AB - Murine anti-Treponema pallidum (Nichols) lymphocyte hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against a variety of treponemal antigens have been generated. Hybridomas isolated were of three major types: those that were directed specifically against T. pallidum antigens, those that were directed against treponemal group antigens (as evidenced by their cross-reactivity with T. phagedenis biotype Reiter antigens), and those that cross-reacted with both treponemal as well as rabbit host testicular tissue antigens. The majority (31 of 39 clones) of these anti-T. pallidum hybridomas, which produced monoclonal antibodies of mouse isotypes immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3 or IgM, were directed specifically against T. pallidum and not other treponemal or rabbit antigens tested by radioimmunoassay. Four of these T. pallidum-specific hybridomas secreted monoclonal antibodies with greater binding affinity for "aged" rather than freshly isolated intact T. pallidum cells, suggesting a possible specificity for "unmasked" surface antigens of T. pallidum. Six anti-T. pallidum hybridomas produced complement-fixing monoclonal antibodies (IgG2a, IgG2b, or IgM) that were capable of immobilizing virulent treponemes in the T. pallidum immobilization (TPI) test; these may represent biologically active monoclonal antibodies against treponemal surface antigens. Three other hybridomas secreted monoclonal antibodies which bound to both T. pallidum and T. phagedenis biotype Reiter antigens, thus demonstrating a possible specificity for treponemal group antigens. Five hybridoma cell lines were also isolated which produced IgM monoclonal antibodies that cross-reacted with all treponemal and rabbit host testicular tissue antigens employed in the radioimmunoassays. This report describes the construction and characteristics of these hybridoma cell lines. The potential applications of the anti-T. pallidum monoclonal antibodies are discussed. PMID- 7047390 TI - Macrophages in resistance to rickettsial infection: strains of mice susceptible to the lethal effects of Rickettsia akari show defective macrophage Rickettsicidal activity in vitro. AB - Activation of macrophages was assessed in strains of mice inoculated intraperitoneally with 1,000 times the 50% lethal dose of Rickettsia akari. Macrophages from mice resistant to R. akari infection (C3H/HeN, C57BL/10J, and BALB/cN) were nonspecifically tumoricidal 2 to 4 days after rickettsial inoculation. Moreover, these macrophages were microbial for R. akari in vitro; cells were resistant to infection with the bacterium and were capable of killing intracellular rickettsiae. In contrast, macrophages from strains of mice susceptible to R. akari (C3H/HeJ, C57BL/10SnCR, and A/J) failed to develop nonspecific tumoricidal activity over the course of lethal disease and became infected with R. akari in vivo within 2 days of rickettsial inoculation. Macrophages from uninfected mice of strains susceptible to R. akari also could not be activated for rickettsicidal or tumoricidal activities by treatment with macrophage-activating agents (Mycobacterium bovis BCG) in vivo or by treatment with lymphokines in vitro. PMID- 7047391 TI - Adoptive transfer of resistance to Plasmodium berghei with spleen cells and serum from Fansidar-cured mice. AB - The ability of splenic leukocytes or serum to transfer immunity to Plasmodium berghei was studied in C57BL/6 mice. Splenic leukocytes or serum was removed from mice which had been inoculated previously 1 to 4 or 5 times with P. berghei and cured 1 to 4 or 5 times with Fansidar (pyrimethamine plus sulfadoxine) and transferred to syngeneic recipients 1 or 2 days before parasite challenge. Partial protection was observed in recipients of immune serum or unfractionated splenic leukocytes. Significantly more protection was observed in recipients of preparations from immune mice enriched for immunoglobulin-positive (B-lymphocyte) cells or B-lymphocyte plus immunoglobulin-negative (T-lymphocyte) cells than in recipients of preparations enriched for T-lymphocytes. Recipients of B- or B+T lymphocyte-enriched spleen cells from immune mice had significantly longer survival times than did recipients of T-lymphocyte-enriched spleen cells and recipients of spleen cells from normal mice. Transferred immunity lasted less than 2 months and did not protect recipients against death induced by the malarial parasite. The ability of splenic leukocytes to transfer resistance to recipients was independent of the number of times donors were inoculated with P. berghei and cured with Fansidar. PMID- 7047392 TI - Association of type- and group-specific antigens with the cell wall of serotype III group B streptococcus. AB - The type-specific antigens (TSA) of group B streptococcus (GBS) represent the primary virulence factors for these organisms, yet little is known about their relationship to the cell surface of GBS. Crude cell walls of serotype III GBS strain 110 were purified by extraction with sodium dodecyl sulfate, LiCl, and urea, which removed essentially all of the protein associated with the cell wall as determined by amino acid analysis. Only those amino acids found in peptidoglycan were present, which included alanine, lysine, and glutamate (3.5:1:1 molar ratio). In contrast, these procedures resulted in the release of only 4.6% of the wall-associated TSA, indicating that protein was not the primary means by which TSA was bound to the cell surface. Mutanolysin (20 micrograms/ml) treatment of purified cell walls resulted in the release of 95% of the wall associated TSA. The covalent association of TSA, the group B polysaccharide, and the peptidoglycan was demonstrated by the presence of N-acetylmuramic acid, rhamnose, alanine, glutamate, and lysine in mutanolysin-extracted TSA material purified by DEAE-Sephacel anion exchange and Sepharose 4B gel chromatography. Chemical analysis of purified cell walls revealed that group B antigen and peptidoglycan comprised 37.4 and 36.5%, respectively, whereas TSA accounted for 22.1 to 24.5% of the weight of the purified walls. Of the total 283.5 mg of TSA produced per 10-liter culture of GBS strain 110, 8.4% was released into the supernatant fluid. The remainder (249 mg) comprised the cell wall antigen. As described above, 4.6% of the cell wall antigen was extractable by nonenzymatic methods, which represented 3.8% of the total TSA, whereas 87.8% of the total TSA produced appeared to be covalently attached to the cell wall. PMID- 7047393 TI - In vitro interactions of immune lymphocytes and Cryptococcus neoformans. AB - CBA/J mice immunized subcutaneously with emulsions of heat-killed Cryptococcus neoformans in complete Freund adjuvant displayed delayed-type hypersensitivity to cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen and developed sensitized splenic lymphoid cells which inhibited the growth of C. neoformans in vitro. The in vitro assay of growth inhibition served to investigate further the kinetics of the effect of sensitized lymphoid cells on the pathogen. There was a close correlation between the delayed-type hypersensitivity response in mice and inhibition of growth of C. neoformans by lymphoid cells. Sensitized splenic lymphocytes capable of inhibiting the growth of the cryptococci were detected at day 6 after immunization and reached maximum levels by days 8 through 16. Inhibition of growth was highest with effector-to-target cell ratios of 300:1 or greater. Inhibition of growth of C. neoformans by sensitized lymphoid cells was detectable as early as 4 h after effector and target cells were mixed and increased gradually, reaching a maximum at 24 h, but dropped significantly by 48 h. By supplementing the reaction mixtures with fresh medium or additional sensitized effector cells during incubation, the inhibition of growth of C. neoformans could be maintained through 48 h. C. neoformans-sensitized effector lymphoid populations not only inhibited the growth of the pathogen in vitro but also restricted C. neoformans proliferation in various vital organs upon transfer to naive recipient animals, indicating that the in vitro growth inhibition assay may be a means of assessing the resistance of animals to C. neoformans. The effector cells from sensitized animals were nylon wool-nonadherent Thy-1+ and Ia+ lymphocytes. PMID- 7047394 TI - Purification and characterization of the soluble hemagglutinin (cholera lectin)( produced by Vibrio cholerae. AB - The soluble hemagglutinin (HA) (cholera lectin) produced by Vibrio cholerae strain CA401 was purified to apparent homogeneity by a sequence of ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, and preparative isoelectric focusing. Soluble HA activity was found to focus at three different pIs, 6.3, 5.3, and 4.7. Each of the factors migrated as a large-molecular-weight protein in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under normal conditions, and each, upon heating in sodium dodecyl sulfate was found to dissociate into 32,000 molecular-weight subunits. Treating the samples with a reducing agent did not affect their mobility. Each gave a reaction of immunological identity with antiserum prepared against the others. Thus, there are apparently three distinct pH isotypes of soluble HA which exist as noncovalently associated polymers of 32,000-molecular-weight subunits. Electron microscopy of purified preparations revealed long filamentous polymers. The molecule does not stain as a glycoprotein; it is hydrophobic; it is inactivated during incubation at 25, 37, or 60 degrees C; and it has significant protease activity. The protease activity likewise focused at pH values of 6.3 and 5.3 to 4.7, and it was inhibited by antiserum against the HA. However, whereas the HA is active at 4 degrees C, the protease is not. The soluble HA is, therefore, a bifunctional molecule capable of mediating hemagglutination and proteolysis. Its amino acid composition is reported. Fab fragments of antibody against the purified HA inhibited attachment of heterologous serotype-biotype V. cholerae to infant rabbit small bowel. PMID- 7047395 TI - Expression of Treponema pallidum antigens in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - A colony bank of recombinant plasmids harboring Treponema pallidum DNA inserts has been established in Escherichia coli K-12. By using an in situ immunoassay, we identified four E. coli clones that expressed T. pallidum antigens. Thus, recombinant DNA technology may provide powerful new tools for studying the pathogenesis of T. pallidum infection. PMID- 7047396 TI - Urinary virulence of Proteus mirabilis in two experimental mouse models. AB - Two experimental mouse models were tested for their suitability in measuring urinary virulence of Proteus mirabilis. In the first model, the kidney-infecting dose and lethal dose were measured. In the second model, the kinetics of the numbers of bacteria in the kidneys and other organs of the mouse were monitored for 13 h after injection. PMID- 7047397 TI - Position on mouse chromosome 1 of a gene that controls resistance to Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Ity is a gene which regulates the magnitude of Salmonella typhimurium growth in murine tissues and, hence, the innate salmonella resistance of mice. The results of a five-point backcross clearly showed that the correct gene order on chromosome 1 is fz-Idh-1-Ity-ln-Pep-3. PMID- 7047398 TI - Serotypes of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Thailand and the Philippines. AB - The serotypes of 386 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolated from 82 individuals with and without diarrhea in Thailand and the Philippines were determined. The 136 strains producing both heat-labile toxin (LT) and heat-stable toxin (ST) belonged to 12 different O serogroups; however, 83% (113/136) were of one of four serogroups (O6, O8, O25, and O78), and 76% of (104/136) belonged to one of seven O:K:H serotypes. Only 14% (28/196) of LT-only-producing ETEC belonged to serogroups most common among LT and ST strains, and these 196 strains belonged to 35 different O:K:H serotypes. Three O serogroups (O20, O27, and O78) accounted for 94% (52/54) of strains producing only ST. Although only 4% (2/54) of ST-only ETEC belonged to the seven serotypes most commonly found among strains which produced LT and ST, 85% of ETEC belonged to three other serotypes, O20:K?:H21, O27:K?:H7, and O78:H-. A total of 46% (37/80) of ETEC of serotypes O6:H16, O8:H9, O25:H42, and O78:H12 were resistant to two or more antibiotics in comparison to 68% (208/306) of ETEC of other serotypes (P less than 0.001). In Thailand and the Philippines, E. coli which produced LT and ST or ST alone, but not those which produced LT alone, were restricted in their O:K:H serotypes. PMID- 7047399 TI - Iron-suppressible production of hydroxamate by Escherichia coli isolates. AB - A total of 476 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from humans, pigs, cattle, poultry, potable water, or effluent were examined for iron-suppressible ability to produce hydroxamate. Isolates able to produce such material (Hyd+ isolates) are presumed to be able to carry out hydroxamate-dependent transport of iron. The percentages of Hyd+ isolates found among E. coli isolated from the feces of breast-fed babies (71%), adults (46%), milk-fed calves (32%), or poultry (28%) were significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than the percentages isolated from potable water and effluent (6%) or from the feces of suckling piglets (6%), weaned pigs (6%), or weaned cattle (4%). The percentages of Hyd+ isolates found among E. coli associated with diarrhea in humans (51%), weaned pigs (7%) or calves (25%) were not significantly different (P greater than 0.1) from those found among strains isolated from corresponding nondiarrheic hosts. Many of the E. coli isolated from cases of E. coli bacteremia in humans and poultry were Hyd+ (64% and 83%, respectively). We conclude that ability to carry out hydroxamate mediated transport of iron is widely distributed among natural isolates of E. coli but that the distribution of Hyd+ E. coli is not random. E. coli isolated from sources where levels of available iron might be expected to be low tend to be Hyd+. It seems that a link may exist between prevalence of Hyd+ E. coli and active host-defense based on restricted availability of iron. PMID- 7047400 TI - Humoral immunity in leprosy: immunoglobulin G and M antibody responses to Mycobacterium leprae in relation to various disease patterns. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay, applying whole Mycobacterium leprae as antigen and radiolabeled protein A from Staphylococcus aureus as antibody-detecting reagent, was used for the determination of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibody responses in leprosy patients. High IgG anti-M. leprae antibody levels were found in lepromatous leprosy patients, whereas the antibody response in tuberculoid leprosy patients varied from negative, i.e., comparable with responses measured in normal individuals, to strongly positive. In tuberculoid leprosy patients, a significant increase in IgG anti-M. leprae antibody levels was observed in the more widespread forms of the disease, but positive antibody responses were especially predominant among patients with active lesions. Lepromatous leprosy patients generally demonstrated high levels of both IgG and IgM anti-M. leprae antibodies, but no relation was found between the antibody responses and bacillary load or other clinical parameters. A marked decrease in specific IgG and IgM antibody levels was observed in lepromatous leprosy patients during their first year of treatment. Differences in mechanisms regulating the humoral immune response in tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy patients were indicated, and the application of antibody assessments in leprosy control programs is discussed. PMID- 7047401 TI - Effect of parenteral vaccination of dams on intestinal Escherichia coli in piglets with diarrhea. AB - To evaluate the effect of widely used parenteral vaccination of dams against neonatal colibacillosis, the virulence factors of the intestinal Escherichia coli flora, namely, O serogroup, enterotoxin(s) produced (heat labile, porcine heat stable, and murine heat stable) and adhesins (K88, K99, and 987P antigens) of 149 piglets from different herds in Sweden were investigated. Three categories were investigated: healthy piglets, diarrheal piglets born to unvaccinated dams, and diarrheal piglets born to dams vaccinated with a polyvalent Formalin-killed whole cell vaccine containing K88 antigen (Porcovac; Hoechst Pharmaceuticals, Hounslow, England). Piglets less than 1 week old and those 1 to 8 weeks old were evaluated separately. Diarrheal piglets less than 1 week old from vaccinated dams yielded a higher incidence of K99 antigen-positive E. coli of the murine heat-stable enterotoxigenicity type compared with piglets of the same age group from unvaccinated dams. The percentage of diarrheal cases from which E. coli lacking recognized virulence attributes were isolated was also higher in the former compared with the latter group. In the 1- to 8-week-old diarrheal piglets of vaccinated dams, the overall incidence, enterotoxigenicity type, and serotype of the E. coli isolates resembled those of diarrheal piglets less than 1 week of age from unvaccinated herds. Enterotoxigenic E. coli bearing 987P antigen detectable in vitro was rare. Most of the enterotoxigenic isolates lacking K88, K99, and 987P antigens produced only ST. The investigation pinpoints some of the inadequacies of vaccines of the type studied under field conditions. PMID- 7047402 TI - Mannose-inhibitable adhesins and T3-T7 receptors of Klebsiella pneumoniae inhibit phagocytosis and intracellular killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - It has recently been shown that Klebsiella pneumoniae strains adhere to human epithelial cells and that adherence is mediated by mannose-inhibitable adhesins which are also receptors for coliphages T3 and T7. We have now found that Klebsiella strain K59, which adheres to human epithelial cells and carries the receptors for coliphages T3 and T7, adheres to human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at 4 degrees C. Strains KRTT1 and KRTT2, which are spontaneous mutants unable to adsorb coliphages T3 and T7 and adhere to human epithelial cells, at this temperature did not adhere to PMN. Adherence of K59 cells to PMN at 4 degrees C was inhibited by D-mannose, by UV-inactivated T7 phages, and by pepsin digested anti-K59 antibodies absorbed with KRTT1 cells. At 37 degrees C the number of PMN with KRTT bacteria associated was fourfold higher than at 4 degrees C. On the contrary, the number of PMN with K59 bacteria associated at this temperature was fourfold lower than at 4 degrees C. Phagocytosis and intracellular killing experiments performed at 37 degrees C showed that KRTT1 and KRTT2 were phagocytized and killed at a higher rate than K59. After blocking of the mannose-inhibitable adhesins and T3-T7 receptors (MIAT) by D-mannose, UV inactivated bacteriophage T7, or specific antibodies, K59 cells became more sensitive to phagocytosis and intracellular killing at 37 degrees C. K59 cells lysogenic for prophage AP3 were approximately as sensitive to phagocytosis and intracellular killing by human PMN as strains KRTT1 and KRTT2. Unencapsulated Klebsiella strains isolated from clinical specimens were found to carry MIAT most often. Four such strains were found much more resistant to phagocytosis and intracellular killing than their spontaneous mutants resistant to bacteriophages T3 and T7. PMID- 7047403 TI - Purification and biological characterization of shiga toxin from Shigella dysenteriae 1. AB - Shiga toxin has been purified in milligram quantities to near homogeneity from cell lysates of Shigella dysenteriae 1 strain 3818-0. Purification involved an initial ultracentrifugation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose, gel filtration, and preparative isoelectric focusing in sucrose gradients. The purified toxin was resolved by discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into a major cytotoxic protein band and a closely migrating, cytotoxic protease-nicked minor band. Antiserum generated by immunization with glutaraldehyde-inactivated toxin was shown to be monospecific against S. dysenteriae cell lysates. This highly purified toxin was cytotoxic to HeLa cells, enterotoxic in rabbit ileal loops, and lethal to mice. Monospecific antiserum to the toxin neutralized completely these toxin activities in both purified toxin preparations and crude shigella cell lysates. PMID- 7047404 TI - The adherence of group A streptococci to oropharyngeal cells: the lipoteichoic acid adhesin and fibronectin receptor. AB - The attachment of group A streptococci to oropharyngeal epithelial cells is mediated by adhesive molecules (adhesins) on the surfaces of the micro-organisms that interact with receptor molecules on the epithelial cells. The evidence that the adhesin is composed of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) complexed with bacterial cell surface proteins is as follows: (a) Among the purified cell wall substances tested, only LTA was able to inhibit attachment; (b) treatment of streptococci with anti LTA but not with antibody against other surface substances blocks attachment; (c) LTa forms complexes with purified M protein, the most abundant protein on the surface of virulent streptococci; (d) the lipid moieties of LTA, which mediate attachment, remain free in the M protein-LTA complexes to interact with receptor analogues, such as serum albumin. The evidence that the receptor for the LTA mediated binding of streptococci resides in fibronectin molecules on oropharyngeal cells is as follows: (a) the addition ot adhesion test mixtures of fibronection inhibits binding; (b) the number of streptococci capable of attaching is directly proportional to the amount of fibronectin present on epithelial cells; (c) purified fibronectin immobilized on latex beads agglutinates suspensions of streptococci; (d) radiolabeled fibronectin binds to group A streptococci; (e) both the agglutination of fibronectin-beads and the binding of fibronectin to streptococci is blocked by LTA, the streptococcal adhesin. PMID- 7047405 TI - Carcinomas developing in the reconstructed esophagus. PMID- 7047406 TI - Mechanical sutures in operations for neoplasia of the alimentary tract. PMID- 7047407 TI - Localized hyperthermia in the treatment of cancer. PMID- 7047408 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: an overview of NSABP findings. PMID- 7047409 TI - The role and methods of pulp testing in oral diagnosis: a review. PMID- 7047410 TI - A comparison between the Veteran Administration's long-term nursing home care program and three examples of similar care outside of the V.A. AB - In a study mandated by Congress, the National Academy of Sciences reviewed the quality of medical care in the Veteran's Administrations health care system. The study reported here summarizes the findings of the long-term care portion of the NAS' work as it relates to nursing home care. The quality of the long-term care in the VA's nursing home care units was compared to three quality standards of long-term nursing care outside of the VA. Staffing pattern, quality of services, quality of the environment, and patient needs were measured and compared; overall assessments of nursing home quality were made by site visitors. Generally, the results show VA care to be superior to the care provided in the benchmark institutions, suggesting perhaps that the public sector's direct provision of long-term nursing care may be an acceptable alternative to the support of private sector care. PMID- 7047411 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in diabetics with end-stage renal disease. PMID- 7047412 TI - Uses and abuses of two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7047413 TI - Evaluating new antianginal agents: focus on diltiazem. PMID- 7047414 TI - Immunomodulatory-antiinflammatory functions of E-type prostaglandins. Minireview with emphasis on macrophage-mediated effects. PMID- 7047415 TI - The effect of anti-rheumatic agents on macrophage function. PMID- 7047416 TI - The Koebner phenomenon. PMID- 7047418 TI - The influence of the British School of Dermatology on the Vienna School in the first half of the 19th century. PMID- 7047417 TI - The risk of photochemotherapy. PMID- 7047419 TI - Immunofluorescent microscopy in dermatology: diagnostic applications. PMID- 7047420 TI - Photodermatoses and light protection. PMID- 7047421 TI - The French school of dermatology. PMID- 7047422 TI - Prescriptive screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a review of the evidence. AB - Published data relating to prevalence, natural history, treatment and prevention adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) are examined. Screening programmes could lead to about 10% of 11-15 year old schoolchildren being referred for diagnosis, involving, for many, an X-ray of the spine. About 1 in 5 of the children referred would be diagnosed as having AIS; of these 1 in 10 would have treatment, either by the wearing of a brace, or in more severe cases by operation and fusion of the vertebrae. The data suggest that in most cases of AIS the spinal curve regresses or at least does not progress. Treatment, whether by brace or operation, is onerous and not always successful. Very little is known for certain about the causation of AIS and the interplay of various factors in its development and regression. The case for widespread adoption of prescriptive screening programmes is not yet established. There is an urgent need to coordinate and increase research designed to determine the aetiology, incidence, prevalence and course of AIS; to find factors that distinguish a rarer progressive form, commoner in girls than boys, from a more frequent and apparently benign form; to develop reliable and valid screening techniques; and to evaluate different forms of treatment. Some of these studies will have to be carried out by collaboration between a number of centres. Current screening programmes should be rigorously evaluated, all children who are referred for diagnosis and treatment should be examined in designated centres and the findings and details of treatment should be recorded systematically, using agreed definitions and criteria that will ensure that the experience of collaborating centres can be collated. PMID- 7047423 TI - Towards a dictionary of epidemiological terms. PMID- 7047424 TI - The Broad Street pump revisited. PMID- 7047425 TI - Hormonal and metabolic adaptation to protein-supplemented fasting in obese subjects. AB - Thirty hospitalized, severely obese patients (40 +/- 2 yr, 82 +/- 4 percent weight excess) were submitted to a 13-d protein-supplemented fast (PSF) with 70 g milk proteins/d (1.26 MJ or 300 kcal). The mean weight loss during PSF was 5.4 +/ 0.3 kg corresponding to 422 +/- 39 g/d. Comparison of the urinary nitrogen excretion with daily protein intake revealed that the nitrogen balance was equilibrated during PSF. Blood glucose decreased moderately but significantly during the whole PSF period whereas plasma insulin was only reduced during the first 9 d and tended to rise thereafter. Plasma FFA increased rapidly and remained elevated until the end of the study (+ 60 per cent); serum total cholesterol and plasma triglycerides showed a 26 and a 35 per cent decrease respectively. Basal plasma glucagon was slightly increased. Due to the low sodium intake (42 mmol/d) urinary sodium excretion dropped rapidly. Simultaneously both systolic (-13 mmHg) and diastolic (-7 mmHg) arterial blood pressure decreased significantly. The biological tolerance was good: metabolic acidosis was prevented with sodium bicarbonate, excessive rise in serum uric acid was corrected with allopurinol and a marked decrease in serum potassium was avoided with an appropriate dose of spironolactone. Twenty-six patients could be weighed 6 to 15 months after PSF: 12 showed a further weight reduction (6.6 +/- 1.6 kg) and seven a discrete weight gain (1.0 +/- 0.4 kg). Thus, PSF was well accepted and was profitable in 19 out of our 30 patients. It should be restricted to cases of severe and refractory obesity and performed under careful medical supervision. PMID- 7047427 TI - A correlation of centric registration of the patient's dentition to a wax carving exercise by the dental technologist. PMID- 7047426 TI - The development of a urinary incontinence drainage system. AB - A new system of urine collection to be used with indwelling catheters or condom drainage was developed and evaluated in the laboratory, and clinically. The aims included prevention of twisting of the tubes, non-leakage, comfortable body bags and ease of use of drainage taps. The new system was highly acceptable to patient and attendant alike. PMID- 7047428 TI - Periodontosis. Case, analysis and treatment. PMID- 7047429 TI - Restoration of endodontically treated teeth. PMID- 7047430 TI - Intracrevicular restorative dentistry. PMID- 7047431 TI - Resin-bonded cast restorations: clinical study. PMID- 7047432 TI - Rotary gingival curettage--a technique for tooth preparation and management of the gingival sulcus for impression taking. PMID- 7047433 TI - Effectiveness of margin finishing techniques on cast gold restorations. PMID- 7047434 TI - The limits of subgingival scaling. PMID- 7047435 TI - Mucogingival and osseous grafting procedures--a combined technique. PMID- 7047436 TI - The modified Hawley appliance: part I. PMID- 7047437 TI - Salmonella transmission on pediatric ward. PMID- 7047438 TI - Containment precautions in hospitals for cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. PMID- 7047439 TI - Precautions for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AB - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressive, fatal disease of the central nervous system. Premortem diagnosis may or may not be conclusive. Because the etiologic agent is virulent, definition of necessary precautions for medical staff associated with such patients is needed. Transmission of CJD in animals has been found to occur after inoculation with brain, spinal cord, liver, kidney, lung, and lymph node tissues in diminishing frequency. Effective methods of sterilization and disinfection for the etiologic agent are unknown. Thus, personnel associated with supposed-CJD patients should take precautions not unlike needle precautions for hepatitis B patients. A list of guidelines is given. PMID- 7047440 TI - Splenectomy: indications and complications. PMID- 7047441 TI - Nephrorrhagy from a transplanted kidney. AB - A single kidney was harvested from a cadaveric donor who had sustained cranio cerebral injury and blunt abdominal trauma. The contra-lateral kidney was discarded because of direct injury. Following 11 hours of cold ischemia, the allograft was transplanted into a 13-year-old recipient without complications. Increased vesical hemorrhage was noted immediately transfusions were necessary. Angiography, cystoscopy and groin exploration all failed to elucidate the cause of the nephrorrhagy. Graftectomy was eventually performed on the 9th post transplant day and on sagittal section of the kidney, a veno-calyceal fistula was discovered. The conventional diagnostic methods are only capable of revealing gross pathology of the allograft and in the absence of cortical fractures, the visual assessment and perfusion characteristics of the kidney are not sufficiently reliable. Particular attention should be paid to kidneys removed from donors who have sustained even localized abdominal injuries and, in all probability, kidneys originating from such donors should be discarded. PMID- 7047442 TI - Spontaneous rupture of renal allograft: case report. PMID- 7047443 TI - [Current gastroenterology - legal problems]. PMID- 7047444 TI - [Endoscopy of the digestive tract in the continuing education of internists and gastroenterologist]. PMID- 7047445 TI - [Value of endoscopy in upper GI bleeding - diagnosis, therapy and prognosis]. PMID- 7047446 TI - [Diagnosis and differential therapy of malignant esophageal stenosis]. PMID- 7047447 TI - [Early diagnosis and surgical therapy of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 7047448 TI - [Non-operative drainage of the bile ducts. Round table]. PMID- 7047449 TI - [Peripheral lung biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung diseases]. PMID- 7047450 TI - [Endoscopy in ambulatory practice]. PMID- 7047451 TI - [Recanalization of bronchial tumor stenoses using the Nd-YAG-laser]. PMID- 7047452 TI - [Value of abdominal computer tomography for the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome]. PMID- 7047453 TI - [Effect of kidney, liver or heart insufficiency on blood mexiletine levels]. PMID- 7047454 TI - A technique for obtaining sheets of intact rabbit corneal epithelium. AB - We have developed a technique for obtaining sheets of intact epithelium from rabbit corneas. Nine-millimeter corneal buttons are removed and placed in culture medium containing 1.2 U/ml Dispase II, a bacterial neutral protease. The posterior half of the stroma is removed with forceps. The anterior half is incubated in the Dispase medium for 1 hr at 35 degrees C. The epithelial sheet is then removed by gentle probing with forceps between the epithelium and the stroma. Sheets so obtained have intact basal cells and desmosomes, and the free cell surface of basal cells send out cytoplasmic blebs. The action of the enzyme appears to be at the level of hemidesmosome basement membrane attachment. Polarity of the sheets is easily determined because the cut edges of the sheet curl inward toward the apical surface. These sheets provide excellent viable epithelium for studies of epithelial adhesion and synthesis and pure epithelium for culture. PMID- 7047455 TI - The effects of gliclazide in diabetes: a comparison with tolbutamide. PMID- 7047456 TI - Biographical sketches no. 17--Virchow. PMID- 7047457 TI - Spina bifida and neural tube defects. PMID- 7047458 TI - Characteristic and kinetics of the in vitro interfering activity of the Streptococcus viridans Ab1III strain. PMID- 7047459 TI - Plantation health. PMID- 7047460 TI - Treatment of muscle contraction headache: Micrainin vs. aspirin. PMID- 7047461 TI - [Hemodialysis and psoriasis]. PMID- 7047462 TI - [Malignant lentigo and circumscribed scleroderma in oil paintings of the Uffizi collection]. PMID- 7047463 TI - [Erythrocyte sensitization syndrome (Gardner-Diamond syndrome, Sharp's painful bruising syndrome)]. AB - This article gives a review of the literature dealing with the morphological aspects in erythrocyte sensitization syndrome and presents a patient with typical systemic and skin involvement in whom psychic stress situations play an important role as a trigger mechanism. PMID- 7047464 TI - Quality measurement and control in physician decision making: state of the art. AB - The status of the concept of controlling the quality of physicians is reviewed as are studies that have been done on methods to measure and improve quality. The conclusions are dismal given the rhetoric and actions on attempts to measure and control quality of physician decision making. Massive attempts are being made, for example, mandating PSROs to monitor quality before there is a methodology. Cost and quality reviews have, at most, a marginal impact and do not deserve the expenditures to conduct them. Studies on utilization review show minimal impact on reducing utilization. Administrative reviews reduce utilization for certain specific, narrowly defined procedures such as injections. There is no operational definition of "unnecessary" utilization. The tendency is to regard the lowest levels as optimal, presumably because they result in lower expenditures. Bureaucratic reviews do not provide incentives to decision makers the way various types of HMO delivery types do from current evidence. Hence, HMOs, deductibles and coinsurance, and competition have greater promise for limiting expenditures than do utilization reviews. Quality audits are also marginally effective because of limited promise of changing provider behavior given current methods of doing so. They miss the organizational aspects in which incentives are generated. Research is needed, therefore, on alternative forms of quality and cost control such as HMOs, physician risk sharing, competitive models, and deductibles and coinsurance. Until the much needed research has been done, the amount of resources spent on review should be minimized. In the meantime, the review processes should concentrate on extreme variations of very narrowly defined criteria of proven validity while improving the review methodology by systematic research on quality monitoring. PMID- 7047465 TI - [Perinatal psychology. Facts, observations and critical considerations]. AB - This article is a survey of the present stage of development of perinatal psychology. The author discusses critically the results of the international literature on this topic according to his own psychiatric experience. He stresses how the methodology of the research lies in the dialectics of psychodynamic understanding and the point of view of the psychobiological sciences. PMID- 7047466 TI - Exogenous insulin needs. Relationship with duration of diabetes, C-peptidemia, insulin antibodies, and retinopathy. AB - The study included 75 young diabetics, having a mean age of 13.7 (+/- 3.4) years, and whose diabetes duration was 5.0 (+/- 3.1) years. All of the subjects were insulin dependent, and none had developed insulin resistance. Injections of either conventional or purified insulin were used. The subjects' diets were "spontaneously balanced", and their physical exercise was similar to non-diabetic school-age children. The 75 diabetics were arbitrarily divided into two groups, A and B, according to their average insulin dose/kg, either less than 1 U/kg or greater than 1 U/kg. Groups A and B were comparable according to their age, age of diabetic onset, degree of diabetic control, frequency of retinal complications, proportion of different insulin types, and concentration of beef or pork insulin antibodies. Insulin antibodies were therefore not responsible for any modification in insulin needs. Insulin needs per kg were very significantly correlated to residual secretion of endogenous insulin (r = -0.34; p less than 0.001). They were equally dependent on the duration of diabetes probably because of the progressive beta cell exhaustion. Insulin needs were also weakly negatively correlated to weight, therefore the heaviest diabetics injected an insulin/kg dose relatively less than the lighter diabetics. PMID- 7047467 TI - [Country dwellers' delivery posture]. PMID- 7047468 TI - Effect of limb immobilization on skeletal muscle. AB - The immobilization of limbs resulted in atrophy of those muscles that are fixed either at or less than resting length. The loss in protein in these muscles can be described by a first-order equation. Decreases in protein synthesis rate in muscles of immobilized limbs occur during the first 6 h of immobilization, and this decrease probably played a role in initiating muscular atrophy. After weeks of immobilization, muscles composed predominately of slow-twitch fibers took on properties characteristic of fast twitch muscles. The EMG activity of muscles in immobilized limbs was reduced to 5--15% of control levels. Insulin responsiveness for 2-deoxyglucose uptake into the soleus muscle of a limb is decreased at the 24th h of limb immobilization. Muscles of immobilized limbs have either no change or a decrease in resting membrane potential, an increase in extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors of lesser magnitude than the increase that occurred in denervated muscle, and no change in acetylcholinesterase activity in neuromuscular junctions. Immobilizing muscles at stretched lengths prevented the decrease in nerve afterhyperpolarization that was seen in muscles immobilized at shortened positions. These observations suggested that metabolic changes in muscles have a retrograde trophic influence on motor nerves. The model of limb immobilization permits the study of many fundamental problems concerned with mechanisms by which a muscle adapts so that it can meet the requirements of the external environment. PMID- 7047469 TI - Effects of inhaled sympathomimetics on obstructive response to respiratory heat loss. AB - To investigate the influence of inhaled sympathomimetics on the obstructive response to airway cooling, we had six asymptomatic atopic asthmatics perform eucapnic hyperventilation with frigid air at various levels of ventilation after pretreatment with aerosols of metaproterenol or placebo in a random blind fashion. In control experiments, eucapnic hyperventilation produced a progressive decrease in 1-s forced expiratory volume in a stimulus-response fashion as the level of ventilation rose in successive challenges. Metaproterenol did not produce an all-or-none blockade, but rather a parallel shift in the stimulus response curve so that its protective effects could be overcome by increasing the stimulus. There was no effect on respiratory heat loss. These results explain, in a quantitative fashion, why a treatment schedule that permits a person with asthma to perform a given exercise task without difficulty becomes ineffective as the thermal burden or severity of the task increases. PMID- 7047470 TI - Hemodynamic and vasoactive mediator response to experimental respiratory failure. AB - We determined the changes in hemodynamics and circulating concentrations of endogenous vasoactive mediators during acute respiratory failure in chronically catheterized unanesthetized sheep. Inhalation of a hypercarbic-hypoxic gas mixture for 2 h (pHa = 7.16, PaCO2 = 84 Torr, PaO2 = 48 Torr, n = 5) resulted in a doubling of cardiac output (thermodilution) and systemic and pulmonary hypertension. Systemic vascular resistance decreased, whereas pulmonary vascular resistance gradually increased throughout the 2-h experimental gas period. Pulmonary hypertension persisted for 45 min after return to room air breathing. Plasma renin activity tripled, and circulating bradykinin concentration increased 25-fold (radioimmunoassay). Plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations (radioenzymatic assay) dramatically increased with respective initial values (15 min) of 23.9 +/- 9.5 (SE) and 26.7 +/- 13.3 ng/ml (base line less than 0.2). Inhalation of hypoxic (n = 4) or hypercarbic-enriched O2 (n = 7) gas mixtures did not produce similar findings. We concluded that the hemodynamic response to experimental respiratory failure results from the combination of hypercarbic acidosis and hypoxia. These changes were mediated in part by increased sympathoadrenal activity and altered concentrations of H+, O2, and endogenous vasoactive mediators. PMID- 7047471 TI - Effects of acute cold exposure on muscle amino acid and protein in rats. AB - To test the effects of acute cold on muscle amino acid and protein 1) rats were exposed to 4 degrees C for 24 h, functionally hepatectomized (eviscerated) and accumulation in the blood used to indicate changes in amino acid release from the tissues; 2) other rats were left intact, and urinary excretion of 3 methylhistidine (proportional to muscle protein breakdown) determined during cold exposure. In the eviscerated group, cold enhanced loss of total amino acids from the tissues (as alpha-amino nitrogen), but the loss (213 +/- 14.8% of basal in 2 h) was not due to excess alanine (180 +/- 8.5%). By comparison, in fasted rats total amino acid was 182 +/- 12.3, alanine 309 +/- 17.2%. Also, the cold-induced loss resembled the effects of streptozotocin diabetes and depended on a depression by cold of serum insulin (to 35.7 +/- 2.3 muU/ml). Therefore it was prevented when insulin was restored by infusion (40 mU . 100 g-1 . h-1) or by adrenodemedullation before cold exposure. Epinephrine (10 micrograms/100 g sc) depressed insulin in the latter and permitted amino acid release to recur. In intact rats, 3-methylhistidine excretion was unaffected by cold. The results suggest that although cold fails to stimulate alanine synthesis or protein breakdown, it inhibits insulin release sympathetically, thereby diminishing the amount of amino acid incorporated into muscle protein. PMID- 7047472 TI - Pulmonary microvascular response to prostacyclin (PGI2) infusion in unanesthetized sheep. AB - We studied the effect of prostacyclin (PGI2) infusion and cessation of infusion on the pulmonary microcirculation. We used lung lymph flow (QL) and the lymph to plasma protein ratio as sensitive indices of net fluid (QF) and protein flux (CP). After a 4-h base line period, we infused PGI2 (0.2 micrograms . kg(-1).min( 1) into eight unanesthetized sheep for 2 h. We monitored vascular pressures and lymph during infusion and for another 18 h after PGI2. During infusion, QL and cardiac output increased by 75 and 50%, respectively, over base line, whereas the lymph-to-plasma ratio (L/P) remained constant for both albumin and globulin. This resulted in a significant increase in both fluid and protein flux. Pulmonary vascular pressures remained unchanged, whereas mean aortic pressure decreased. The increase in QF and CP was felt to be due to an increase in the surface area of fluid exchange vessels rather than increased permeability. After infusion, cardiac output rapidly returned to base line, whereas mean QL remained increased by 70% over base line for 2-8 h. Mean L/P decreased from 0.65 to 0.53. Pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance increased. The increase in QL and decrease in L/P indicate a rebound increase in pulmonary microvascular pressure in the postperfusion period. PMID- 7047473 TI - Measurement of airway response by isometric and nonisometric techniques in situ. AB - Because isometric systems differ substantially from methods of measuring airway smooth muscle tone that depend on airway diameter, we determined the sensitivity and significance of data derived from these different methods in 20 anesthetized dogs. The airway contractile response was measured directly from an isometric tracheal segment in situ and simultaneously as pulmonary resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn). The contractile response to intravenous (iv) methacholine (MC) (2.6 X 10(-11) to 2.6 X 10(-6) mol/kg) and norepinephrine (NE) (1.2 X 10(-11) to 1.2 X 10(-6) mol/kg) was measured in dose-response studies of beta-blocked and ganglion-blocked animals. A statistically significant change in isometric tracheal tension was first observed at 2.6 X 10(-10) mol/kg iv MC and 1.2 X 10(-9) mol/kg iv NE. Statistically significant changes in Cdyn and RL did not occur at doses less than 10(-8) mol/kg for either agonist. Substantial increase in isometric tracheal tension (greater than 10 g force/cm) occurred before any change in RL or Cdyn. These finding indicate that change in isometric tension reflects parallel changes in RL and Cdyn. For NE and MC, tracheal tension is a more sensitive and selective measurement of airway contraction than RL or Cdyn. PMID- 7047474 TI - Indicator dilution using a fluorescent indicator. AB - In vitro and in vivo indicator-dilution measurements are made with a fluorescent indicator and a novel detection system using a catheter containing a single optical fiber that carries both the exciting and returning fluorescent light. These fluorescent-dilution measurements are compared with simultaneous green dye dilution measurements. The double-indicator-dilution measurement of extravascular lung water using heat and fluorescence is compared with gravimetric measurements. Also investigated is the sensitivity of the fluorescent measurement to changes in O2 saturation and hematocrit of the blood. An example of the measurement of a right-to-left heart shunt with this new indicator is given. PMID- 7047475 TI - Automated nitrogen-washout methods for infants: evaluated using cats and a mechanical lung. AB - Infants with respiratory distress syndrome are treated with constant distending pressures to counter atelectasis and increase the functional residual capacity (FRC). However, FRCs are not monitored in these severely ill infants because present methods are impractical. We computerized N2-washout techniques for estimating the lung volume in these infants. The system has been evaluated using 1) a mechanical lung model and 2) small cats with normal and edematous lungs. Comparing the results of measured lung volumes with the fixed mechanical lung volumes yielded a correlation coefficient 0.996 (n=50). Decreasing the N2 gradient between initial N2 concentration and the washout medium from 0.79 to 0.10 did not affect the accuracy or reproducibility of measurements in the mechanical lung. For normal cats, comparing the results of N2-washout measurements of FRC with He-dilution values yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.921 (n=128); results from cats with pulmonary edema yielded a correlation coefficient 0.989 (n=80). We conclude that this computerized system is accurate, reproducible, and clinically acceptable for monitoring infants. PMID- 7047477 TI - Historical perspective on the development of dairy practice. PMID- 7047476 TI - The effectiveness of contraceptive programs for teenagers. AB - This paper critically reviews the effectiveness of adolescent family planning programs in the United States. Various models for evaluating family planning programs and the findings from empirical studies of adolescent programs are reviewed. During the past decade there have been major increases in the availability and utilization of contraceptive services by adolescents. Most of those who are sexually active are now aware that these services exist. Program continuation rates among adolescents are not high, in part, because of the sporadic nature of adolescent sexual activity. Data on contraceptive continuation and pregnancy rates in these programs are limited, since few studies follow up clinic noncontinuers. Among clinic continuers pregnancy rates are relatively low, suggesting that at least some programs are effective in reducing pregnancy and/or fertility rates (number of children born) in their target populations. Ecological analyses seem to indicate that programs have had an impact on adolescent marital fertility. PMID- 7047478 TI - Insulin-induced hyperglycemia in diabetic dogs. AB - Insulin-induced hyperglycemia was diagnosed in 8 dogs with diabetes mellitus. Owners sought veterinary care because of polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, persistent morning glycosuria, or seizures in their dogs. These abnormalities had persisted despite increasing the dosage of insulin. Insulin-induced posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia was diagnosed by determining blood glucose concentrations every 2 hours during a 24-hour period, beginning at 8 A.M. Wide fluctuations in the blood glucose concentration were reduced by decreasing the daily insulin dose. The signs observed by the owners disappeared after the insulin dose was reduced. PMID- 7047479 TI - Cryptosporidiosis: a review. PMID- 7047480 TI - Binding of [3H]tetrahydroleucomycin A3 to Escherichia coli ribosomes and the effect of 3"-O-acyl derivatives of leucomycins on the binding. AB - The analysis of [3H]tetrahydroleucomycin A3 binding to Escherichia coli ribosomes are described. The dissociation constant for tetrahydroleucomycin A3 binding to ribosomes was 1.15 x 10(-8) M. One molecule of tetrahydroleucomycin A3 was bound to each 70 S ribosome (50 S subunit) as reported with erythromycin. The effect of leucomycins and their 3"-O-acyl derivatives on [3H]tetrahydroleucomycin A3 binding to ribosomes was examined. In general, 3"-O-acyl derivatives of leucomycins exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and weaker (or equivalent) activity against E. coli than their mother compounds. However, the affinities to ribosomes were approximately equivalent to those of the mother compounds, suggesting that Gram-positive bacterial cells are more permeable to 3"-O-acyl derivatives than to the mother compounds. PMID- 7047481 TI - Effect of GnRH-induced endogenous luteinizing hormone release and exogenous progestogen treatment on ovarian activity in the postpartum ewe. AB - In two experiments, 64 crossbred ewes that had lambed in September or January and had their lambs removed within 24 h after birth were assigned to four groups and given the following treatments: group 1 (16 ewes)-1 ml saline, im or iv on d 10 postpartum; group 2 (24 ewes)-150 microgram/gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in 1 ml saline, im or iv on d 10 postpartum; group 3 (16 ewes)-150 microgram/GnRH in 1 ml saline, im or iv on d 10 postpartum, plus 40 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA)-impregnated intravaginal sponges for 12 d beginning 22 d postpartum and group 4 (eight ewes)-40 mg FGA-impregnated intravaginal sponges only for 12 d beginning 22 d postpartum. Pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (500 IU) was injected im into FGA-treated ewes at the time of sponge removal. Blood samples were collected from eight ewes in groups 1 and 2 at regular intervals up to 2 and 6 h, respectively, after treatment and analysed for luteinizing hormone (LH). Plasma progesterone (P) levels in blood collected once or twice weekly were used to monitor ovarian activity. GnRH induced a release of LH in all ewes monitored, whereas the LH levels remained unchanged in saline-treated ewes. Only 44% of the latter ewes had shown evidence of luteal activity by 50 d postpartum. The mean plasma P levels in the GnRH-treated ewes did not rise above basal preinjection values during the 14 d after treatment. In contrast, a synchronized ovulation followed by normal luteal activity was induced in 88% of the FGA-sponge-treated ewes. Of 16 ewes from group 2 slaughtered 26 d postpartum, 13 had ovaries that contained luteinized structures and uterine involution was incomplete in six ewes. These results preclude the use of GnRH as a single injection for induction of cyclic ovarian activity in the early postpartum ewe and indicate the need for progestogen treatment to initiate cyclic ovarian activity by 35 d postpartum. However, incomplete uterine involution may limit the number of ewes that can be successfully rebred at this time. PMID- 7047482 TI - Investigation of the beta-lactamase stability of ceftazidime and eight other new cephalosporin antibiotics. PMID- 7047483 TI - Analytical methods for microbiology in the next decade. AB - As microbiologists develop and modify methods and turn to automated equipment to decrease analysis time, the precision and accuracy of the methods must be ensured through collaborative study. Rapid, validated methods are needed in many areas. Sterility testing and the use of biological indicators are among subjects of interest to FDA and industry. These groups are also studying particulate analysis. The limulus amebocyte lysate test is being considered for use in detecting endotoxins in drugs and medical devices, in diagnosing illness, and in assessing the microbiological quality of foods and water. Reliable methods are needed for detecting viruses in foods to assure a safe food supply. Studies are needed on the Vibrionaceae to better understand the mechanisms of invasiveness and host response. Methods must also be developed to study pathogens in the water and food supply. PMID- 7047484 TI - Detection of invasiveness of mammalian cells by Escherichia coli: collaborative study. AB - In a collaborative study of 2 standard procedures (Procedure I, presented in J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 60, 546-562 (1977) and Procedure II in the Bacteriological Analytical Manual, 1978), 7 laboratories evaluated the invasive potential of Escherichia coli. Monolayers of HeLa cultures were infected with E. coli (infectivity ratio 100 bacteria/mammalian cell) suspended in 2 menstrua: heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (Procedure I) and 0.2% bovine albumin Fraction V dissolved in Earle's buffered salts (Procedure II). After uptake of the bacteria, intracellular growth, and differential staining, the percentages of HeLa cells containing a minimum of 5 bacteria were determined microscopically. All laboratories correctly identified invasiveness of E. coli by Procedure I; 5 of 6 laboratories recognized invasiveness by Procedure II. Although Procedure I was more reproducible than Procedure II, repeatability did not differ significantly. Procedure I was adopted official first action for presumptive recognition of invasiveness in E. coli. PMID- 7047485 TI - Ethological approaches with autistic and other abnormal populations. PMID- 7047486 TI - Observations on bancroftian filariasis in Wardha, Central India. PMID- 7047487 TI - Genetics of hemolysin of Escherichia coli. AB - The expression of alpha-hemolysin is a property frequently associated with Escherichia coli extraintestinal infections. We have examined the genetic basis for hemolysin expression by an E. coli strain isolated from a human urinary tract infection. The genes necessary for hemolysin synthesis were found to be chromosomal and to map near the ilv gene cluster. Isogenic hly+ and hly derivatives were also prepared and tested for virulence in the chicken embryo model system. Hemolysin was found to be necessary but not in itself sufficient for E. coli virulence in this in vitro model. PMID- 7047489 TI - Comparison of DNA sequences required for the function of citrate utilization among different citrate utilization plasmids. AB - The relatedness of DNA sequences encoding citrate utilization was examined by hybridization with a cloned DNA fragment from a citrate utilization (Cit) plasmid, pOH30221, and DNA of other Cit plasmids. This revealed that there are at least two groups of Cit plasmids: the Inc W Cit plasmids, which show homology with the probe, and the Inc H1 plasmids, which do not. PMID- 7047488 TI - Aminoacyl-tRNAs from Physarum polycephalum: patterns of codon recognition. AB - Isoacceptors of Physarum polycephalum Ala-, Arg-, Glu-, Gln-, Gly-, Ile-, Leu-, Lys-, Ser-, Thr-, and Val-tRNAs were resolved by reverse-phase chromatography and isolated, and their codon recognition properties were determined in a ribosomal binding assay. Codon assignments were made to most isoacceptors, and they are summarized along with those determined in other studies from Escherichia coli, yeasts, wheat germ, hymenoptera, Xenopus, and mammals. The patterns of codon recognition by isoacceptors from P. polycephalum are more similar to those of animals than to those of plants or lower fungi. PMID- 7047490 TI - Size at bud initiation for wild-type and petite yeast cells. AB - Cell size at bud initiation shows the same relationship to growth rate in wild type and petite yeast cells. The nutrient-modulated size control is related to growth rate rather than a change from fermentative to oxidative metabolism. PMID- 7047491 TI - "Start" mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are suppressed in carbon catabolite derepressing medium. AB - Temperature-sensitive cell division "start" mutants cdc28, cdc36, cdc37, and cdc39 of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae arrested cell division in the G1 phase of the cell cycle in glucose medium. I report here that cdc28, cdc36, and cdc39 mutants were suppressed when grown in carbon catabolite-derepressing medium. PMID- 7047492 TI - New pleiotropic alkaline phosphatase-negative mutants of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Escherichia coli K-12 mutants showing reduced alkaline phosphatase activity were isolated as 5-fluorouracil-plus-adenosine-resistant derivatives of a upp pho (either phoS or phoT) strain. One class of these mutants displayed a temperature sensitive alkaline phosphatase-negative phenotype, a pleiotropic defect for growth on some substrates, an increased sensitivity to toxic compounds (e.g., EDTA, mitomycin, and chloramphenicol), and alterations in the expression of some membrane proteins. It phenotypically differed from previously described mutants. The mutation was located at min 8.5 close to the phoA gene and defines a new genetic locus we called napA (for negative alkaline phosphatase pleiotropic phenotype). As these mutants have lost the ability to grow on lactose and galactose, Lac+ and Gal+ revertants were isolated that simultaneously recovered the parental phenotype. PMID- 7047493 TI - Chromosomal genes for ColV plasmid-determined iron(III)-aerobactin transport in Escherichia coli. AB - Four chromosomal genes, tonA (fhuA), fhuB, tonB, and exbB, were required for the transport of iron(III)-aerobactin specified by the plasmids ColV-K311, ColV-K229, ColV-K328, and ColV-K30. These genes also determine the transport system in Escherichia coli for the iron ionophore ferrichrome. Aerobactin and ferrichrome are both iron ligands of the hydroxamate type, but they are of different structure. The ColV plasmids determine an outer membrane protein that serves as a receptor for cloacin. Cloacin-resistant mutants were devoid of iron(III) aerobactin transport but were unimpaired in ferrichrome transport. We conclude that for iron(III)-aerobactin transport two outer membrane proteins, the TonA and the cloacin receptor protein, have to interact functionally or structurally or both. PMID- 7047494 TI - Suppression of Escherichia coli dnaA46 mutations by integration of plasmid R100.1. derivatives: constraints imposed by the replication terminus. AB - We have studies the phenotypic suppression of a dnaA46 mutation by plasmid integration at preselected chromosomal sites after introducing homologous sequences (Mu prophages) onto both the chromosomes and the suppressive plasmid. The plasmids used were all derived from plasmid R100.1. We found that the conditions required to get viable suppressive integration varied as the plasmid integration site moved from the origin to the terminus of chromosome replication. Two constraints were observed. Both appeared to be linked to the new characteristics acquired by chromosome replication from the integrated plasmid. One constraint was that strains with integrative suppression near the terminus terC were viable only in minimal medium. The rich medium sensitivity of these strains was correlated with a loss of regulation of initiation. The other constraint was a requirement for a specific orientation in certain regions of the chromosome. The two branches defined by normally initiated replication, between oriC and terC, were also symmetrical with respect to these plasmid orientation constraints. In studying the possible reasons for a plasmid orientation constraint, we found that, of the two forks initiated in bidirectional replication from the integrated plasmid, one was capable of moving across the terC region with a higher movability than the other. PMID- 7047495 TI - Roles of lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane protein OmpC of Escherichia coli K 12 in the receptor function for bacteriophage T4. AB - The roles of lipopolysaccharide and OmpC, a major outer membrane protein, in the receptor function for bacteriophage T4 were studied by using Escherichia coli K 12 strains having mutations in the ompC gene or in genes controlling different stages of lipopolysaccharide synthesis. The receptor activity for T4 was monitored by (i) T4 sensitivity of intact cells, (ii) phage inactivation activity of cell envelopes, and (iii) phage inactivation activity of specimens reconstituted from purified OmpC and lipopolysaccharide. It was found that (i) in the presence of the OmpC protein, the essential region of the lipopolysaccharide for the receptor activity was the core-lipid A region that includes the heptose region, whereas the glucose region was not necessarily required for the receptor function; (ii) the OmpC protein was not required at all when the distal end of the lipopolysaccharide was removed to expose a glucose residue at the distal end; and (iii) when cells lacked both the OmpC protein and the glucose region, they became extremely resistant to T4. Based on these findings, the roles of the OmpC protein and lipopolysaccharide in T4 infection are discussed. PMID- 7047496 TI - Specific mutator effects of ung (uracil-DNA glycosylase) mutations in Escherichia coli. AB - Studies of trpA reversions revealed that G:C leads to A:T transitions were stimulated about 30-fold in E. coli ung mutants, whereas other base substitutions were not affected. A dUTPase (dut) mutation, which increases the incorporation of uracil into DNA in place of thymine, had no significant effect on the rate of G:C leads to A:T transitions. The results support the proposal that the glycosylase functions to reduce the mutation rate in wild-type cells by acting in the repair of DNA cytosine residues that have undergone spontaneous deamination to uracil. Further support was provided by the finding that when lambda bacteriophages were treated with bisulfite, an agent known to produce cytosine deamination, the frequency of clear-plaque mutants was increased an additional 20-fold by growth on an ung host. Bisulfite-induced mutations of the cellular chromosome, however, were about equal in ung+ and ung strains; it was found that during the treatment of ung+ cells with bisulfite, the glycosylase was inactivated. PMID- 7047497 TI - Nitrate reductase in Escherichia coli K-12: involvement of chlC, chlE, and chlG loci. AB - We examined the properties of mutants of E. coli which are defective with respect to nitrate reductase activity. chlE::Mu cts and chlG::Mu cts mutants were all chlorate resistant, and the strains that we examined all synthesized nitrate reductase apoenzyme. We concluded that the chlE and chlG loci, like the chlA, chlB, and chlD loci, are involved in the synthesis of insertion of molybdenum cofactor. We identified at least four distinct phenotypic classes of chlC::Tn10 mutants, all of which were fully or partially sensitive to chlorate. Two of these classes may represent lesions in the structural genes for nitrate reductase subunits A and C. Two other classes may be altered in the regulation of the expression of nitrate reductase or other anaerobic enzymes. We propose the mnemonic nar for naming individual genes within the chlC locus. PMID- 7047498 TI - Mycolic acid composition and thermally adaptative changes in Nocardia asteroides. AB - The nocardomycolic acid compositions of extractable and the cell wall-bound lipids from five strains of Nocardia asteroides (A-23007, A-23094, B-23006, B 23095, and IFO 3384) were compared by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The molecular species composition of mycolic acid differed significantly among the strains of N. asteroides. The A-23007 strain possessed the shortest species, centering at C(44(46)), and the A-23094 and IFO-3384 strains followed, each centering at C(52). The B-23006 and B-23095 strains possessed the longest species, centering at C(56) or C(54), thus indicating that N. asteroides strains accommodate a heterogeneous group in respect to carbon numbers of mycolic acids. The doublebond isomers of mycolic acids from the representative strain IFO 3384 were fully separated and analyzed by argentation thin-layer chromatography, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The reference strain (IFO 3384) possessed up to four double bonds on the straight chain of mycolic acids ranging from C(46) to C(60). All of the species possessed a C(14) alkyl branch at C-2. The more highly unsaturated subclasses consisted of the longer-chain mycolic acids. Marked changes in mycolic acid composition were induced by altering the growth temperature of strain IFO 3384. The cells grown at the higher temperature (50 degrees C) contained more saturated mycolic acids, whereas those grown at the lower temperature (17 degrees C) had more polyunsaturated (up to tetraenoic) mycolic acids, although a significant difference in carbon chain length was not detected. These changes in the degree of unsaturation of mycolic acids occurred shortly after shifting the growth temperature from 17 to 50 degrees C at logarithmic stages of the bacterial growth, thus indicating that N. asteroides can adapt to changes in the environmental temperature by altering the structure of mycolic acids of the cell walls. PMID- 7047499 TI - Altered regulation of isoleucine-valine biosynthesis in a hisW mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Control of isoleucine-valine biosynthesis was examined in the cold-sensitive hisW3333 mutant strain of Salmonella typhimurium. During growth at the permissive temperature (37 degrees C), the isoleucine-valine (ilv) biosynthetic enzyme levels of the hisW mutant were two- to fourfold below these levels in an isogenic hisW+ strain. Upon a reduction in growth temperature to partially permissive (30 degrees C), the synthesis of these enzymes in the hisW mutant was further reduced. However, synthesis of the ilv enzymes was responsive to the repression signal(s) caused by the addition of excess amounts of isoleucine, valine, and leucine to the hisW mutants. Such a "super-repressed" phenotype as that observed in this hisW mutant is similar to that previously shown for the hisU1820 mutant, but was different from the regulatory response of the hisT1504 mutant strain. Moreover, by the use of growth-rate-limiting amounts of the branched-chain amino acids, it was shown that this hisW mutant generally did not increase the synthesis of the ilv enzymes as did the hisW+ strain. Overall, these results are in agreement with the hypothesis that the hisW mutant is less responsive to ilv specific attenuation control than is the hisW+ strain and suggest that this limited regulatory response is due to an alteration in the amount or structure of an element essential to attenuation control of the ilv operons. PMID- 7047500 TI - Regulation of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase formation. AB - A previously constructed trp-S-lacZ fusion encoding a hybrid protein with beta galactosidase activity was subcloned from a multicopy plasmid onto a lambda vector. Single-copy lysogens of lambda trpS-lacZ were used to determine whether trpS was regulated in a manner similar to that of other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. trpS regulation was found to resemble that of the majority of synthetases, in that expression of the lysogen-encoded hybrid beta-galactosidase varied with growth rate; beta-galactosidase activity increased 2.5-fold as the generation time decreased from 150 to 37 min. This regulatory response was confirmed by DNA/RNA hybridization experiments, which also suggested that this form of metabolic regulation occurred at the transcriptional level. No alteration in the level of hybrid beta-galactosidase was observed, however, when cells were starved for tryptophan. PMID- 7047501 TI - Mutations in genes cpxA and cpxB of Escherichia coli K-12 cause a defect in acetohydroxyacid synthase I function in vivo. AB - Mutations in Escherichia coli genes cpxA and cpxB together cause a temperature sensitive defect in isoleucine and valine syntheses that is related specifically to acetohydroxyacid synthase I. This enzyme catalyzes the first pair of homologous reactions required for the synthesis of these two amino acids. At both permissive and nonpermissive temperatures, mutant cells containing ilvB (the structural gene for acetohydroxyacid synthase I) cloned in a derivative of plasmid pBR322 synthesized comparable amounts of ilvB mRNA and contained several times the enzyme activity normally required to sustain exponential growth, yet these cells remained temperature sensitive for growth in the absence of isoleucine and valine. These observations suggest that the primary effect of the cpx mutations is to block enzyme function in vivo. The enzyme was unstable in mutant cells at growth temperatures above 37 degrees C, but this instability appeared to be a secondary effect on the cpx mutations. PMID- 7047502 TI - Colicin A receptor: role of two Escherichia coli outer membrane proteins (OmpF protein and btuB gene product) and lipopolysaccharide. AB - ompF cells were completely resistant to colicin A, whereas btuB cells were partially resistant. The OmpF protein, in the presence of added lipopolysaccharide, inactivated colicin A. This inactivation was enhanced by added btuB gene product, btuB gene product with lipopolysaccharide did not inactivate colicin A. These data, together with the observation that vitamin B12 protected btuB+ cells from the killing effect of colicin A, suggest that the colicin A receptor in Escherichia coli K-12 is composed of the OmpF protein, the btuB gene product, and lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 7047503 TI - Uptake hydrogenase activity and ATP formation in Rhizobium leguminosarum bacteroids. AB - The role of uptake hydrogenase was studied in Rhizobium leguminosarum bacteroids from the nodules of Pisum sativum L. cv. Homesteader. Uptake hydrogenase activity, measured by the 3H2 uptake method, was dependent on O-consumption and was similar to H2 uptake measured by gas chromatography. Km for O2 of 0.0007 atm (0.0709 kPa) and a Km for H2 of 0.0074 atm (0.7498, kPa) were determined. H2 increased the rate of endogenous respiration by isolates with uptake hydrogenase (Hup+) but had no effect on an isolate lacking uptake hydrogenase (Hup-). A survey of 14 Hup+ isolates indicated a wide range of H2 uptake activities. Four of the isolates tested had activities similar to or higher than those found in two Hup+ Rhizobium japonicum strains. H2 uptake was strongly coupled to ATP formation in only 5 of the 14 isolates. H2 increased the optimal O2 level of C2H2 reduction by 0.01 atm and permitted enhanced C2H2 reduction at O2 levels above the optimum in both a coupled and an uncoupled isolate. At suboptimal O2 concentrations a small enhancement of C2H2 reduction by H2 was seen in two out of three isolates in which H2 oxidation was coupled to ATP formation. Thus, the main function of uptake hydrogenase in R. leguminosarum appears to be in the protection of nitrogenase from O2 damage. PMID- 7047504 TI - [Recollections of d'Arsonval]. PMID- 7047505 TI - The overnight dexamethasone suppression test: clinical and theoretical review. AB - The overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST) has emerged as a useful clinical test in identifying a proportion of patients with primary affective disorder. This test may also be helpful in predicting response to tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors, and/or electroconvulsive therapy. This review summarized the recent clinical studies on the DST. PMID- 7047506 TI - Doxepin as an adjunct in the treatment of chronic pain. PMID- 7047507 TI - Transacylation between diacylphospholipids and 2-acyl lysophospholipids catalyzed by Escherichia coli extract. AB - When 2-acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamine, 2-acyl lysophosphatidylglycerol, and 2 acyl lysophosphatidylcholine were incubated with the envelope fraction of Escherichia coli in the presence of Mg2+ ion, they were acylated to the corresponding diacylphospholipids. The inner and outer membrane fractions both had acylation activity. 2-Acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamine was shown to be acylated at the 1-position by an endogenous acyl donor present in the envelope fraction. Under the conditions used, acylation was specific for 2-acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and the 1-acyl isomer was not appreciably acylated. The acylation was resistant to N-ethylmaleimide and p-chloromercuribenzoate, but was inhibited by Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions. Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions stimulated the activity about 1.5-fold, but EDTA was not inhibitory. The activity had a broad pH optimum between 6 and 8. On boiling the envelope fraction, about 55% of the activity was lost rapidly, while the remainder was lost gradually. The endogenous acyl donor present in the envelope fraction was shown to be membrane phospholipids. The acylation was not observed with free fatty acids prepared by alkaline hydrolysis of the phospholipids. Studies with purified phospholipids showed that the major phospholipids of E. coli (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin) and phosphatidic acid acted as acyl donors. Thus, transacylation between diacylphospholipids and 2-acyl lysophospholipids catalyzed by E. coli envelopes was demonstrated. PMID- 7047508 TI - Synthesis of various phospholipids from 2-acyl lysophospholipids by Escherichia coli extract. AB - When 2-[14C]acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamine was incubated with the envelope fraction of E. coli in the presence of Mg2+ ion, phosphatidylethanolamine, acylphosphatidylglycerol and free fatty acid were produced. When 2-[14C]acyl lysophosphatidylglycerol was examined similarly, six phospholipids as well as free fatty acid were produced. These were dilysocardiolipin, lysocardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate and acylphosphatidylglycerol; they were identified by thin layer chromatography, acetolysis and mild alkaline hydrolysis. Studies with an E. coli mutant which is deficient in cardiolipin synthase showed that dilysocardioilipin, lysocardiolipin and cardiolipin were synthesized by cardiolipin synthase. Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate as well as acylphosphatidylglycerol was produced by acylphosphatidylglycerol synthase. While phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin were produced predominantly from 2-acyl lysophosphatidylglycerol, almost the same amounts of dilysocardiolipin, lysocardiolipin and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate were produced from the 1-acyl and 2-acyl isomers. Metabolites of 2-[14C]acyl lysophosphatidic acid were also examined. Phosphatidic acid, acylphosphatidylglycerol, free fatty acid and monoglyceride were produced, together with a small amount of diglyceride. PMID- 7047509 TI - Characterization of a ColE1-like plasmid isolated from Shigella sonnei. AB - A multicopy plasmid, 4.7 kb in size, was isolated from Shigella sonnei and named pKY1. This plasmid produces a colicin E1-like bacteriocin (colicin E1*) in E. coli cells. The cells harboring pKY1 are immune not only to this bacteriocin but also to colicin E1, and the cells harboring Co1E1 show immunity to colicin E1* as well. Although these two plasmid DNAs have different cleavage maps and are compatible with each other, pKY1 shows partial DNA homology with ColE1 DNA. In this paper, we report the isolation and properties of several Tn3 inserted pKY1 mutants, and propose a preliminary genetic map of pKY1. It was also found that this plasmid is not capable of self-transmission and is poorly mobilized by the F factor. PMID- 7047510 TI - Cloning of dihydrofolate reductase gene of Escherichia coli K12. AB - Resistant strains for trimethoprim, a potent inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, were obtained by transforming the ligated products of Escherichia coli K12 DNA and plasmid pBR322 BamH I fragments. The strains carry a 13.6 kbp plasmid, pTP1, which contains the trimethoprim- and ampicillin-resistance determinant genes. The trimethoprim-resistance determinant gene was estimated to consist of more than 500 nucleotides and less than 1,500 nucleotides and was restricted by EcoR I and Sal I. Trimethoprim-, ampicillin-, and tetracycline resistant plasmids were made in the following way, and the resultant plasmids contained a unique EcoR I "insertional inactivation" site for trimethoprim resistance: the DNA sequences extraneous to the determinant gene of the trimethoprim resistance on BamH I fragment of pTP 1 were eliminated by digestion with a double-strand-specific exonuclease BAL 31, and the resultant fragments were ligated with pBR 322 which had been digested by EcoR I and a single-strand specific nuclease S1. The strains carrying pTP 1 or trimethoprim-resistant plasmids produced about 10 times more dihydrofolate reductase than control strains. The enhancement of the enzyme production, which is due to an increase in the copy number of the enzyme gene, seems to be responsible for the trimethoprim resistance of the transformed cells. PMID- 7047511 TI - Structure of the lambda tof repressor protein in solution. Heat stability and its relation to binding ability to DNA. AB - The lambda tof repressor protein was purified from E. coli cells retaining lambda dv plasmids by applying DNA-cellulose chromatography. 3H-labeled lambda dv and lambda imm21dv DNA, carrying and lacking lambda operators, respectively, were prepared and the binding activity of the lambda tof protein to the DNA was examined. Non-specific binding to lambda imm21dv DNA is completely lost at 30 degrees C, whereas specific binding to the DNA carrying the operators is retained even above 40 degrees C. The conformation of the lambda tof protein was analysed by means of circular dichroism and 1H-NMR spectra. The change in the molar ellipticity at 222 nm vs. temperature in CD spectra indicated a transition between two states with Tm at 42 degrees C. The 360 MHz 1H-NMR spectra revealed the presence at 20 degrees C of another change in local conformation of interaction which was not detected by the CD spectra. 1H-NMR also indicated the coexistence of thermal transitions with exchange rates faster and slower than the NMR time scale at about 50 degrees C, which is explained by the presence of domain structures. The NMR titration curve of the His residue gave a normal pK value showing its location on the surface of the protein. These conformational behaviors are well correlated to the specific and non-specific DNA binding activity of the lambda tof protein. The assignments of 1H resonance signals to some specific residues, including His 35 and Tyr 26, were established. It will be useful to determine the tof-DNA interaction. PMID- 7047513 TI - Active streaming against gravity in glass microcapillaries of solutions containing acto-heavy meromyosin and native tropomyosin. AB - Solutions containing heavy meromyosin, actin, native tropomyosin, and Mg-ATP exhibited streaming in horizontally placed glass microcapillaries. Up-hill streaming could also be observed when the capillaries were at an inclined position; this served for the clear distinction between active and passive streaming provided surface tension effects were eliminated. The presence of native tropomyosin and actin-activation of the ATPase activity of HMM were essential for the reconstitution of active streaming. The significance of the results for cytoplasmic streaming and muscle contraction is discussed. PMID- 7047512 TI - Dissociation of actomyosin by vanadate plus ADP, and decomposition of the myosin ADP-vanadate complex by actin. AB - In the presence of vanadate (Vi) and ADP, myosin ATPase forms a stable inactive complex (myosin.ADP.Vi) at the active site. To elucidate the nature of the inactive complex, we studied the effect of Vi plus ADP on the interaction of heavy meromyosin (HMM) with F-actin. 1) Viscosity measurements showed that the actin-HMM rigor complex was dissociated into actin and HMM by Vi and ADP (both 10(-3) M range). 2) When the HMM.ADP.Vi complex isolated by gel filtration was mixed with actin in the absence of free Vi, about 60% of the added HMM formed a complex with actin, and more than 70% of the HMM bound to actin released Vi and ADP. 3) When a mixture of the isolated HMM.ADP.Vi complex with actin was dialyzed against a buffer without free Vi and free ADP, only less than 10% of Vi and ADP, which were originally bound to the HMM, were retained in the dialysis tube after 4 days. In contrast, if actin was omitted, about 80% of Vi and ADP were retained. 4) These results indicate that the HMM.ADP-Vi complex is dissociated from actin, and that Vi and ADP originally trapped at the HMM active site can be almost completely released from the active site by actin if free (released) Vi and ADP are concomitantly removed. PMID- 7047514 TI - Studies on the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids. VIII. Induction of 2,4 dienoyl-CoA reductase in Escherichia coli on the addition of unsaturated fatty acids. AB - 2,4-Dienoyl-CoA reductase has been detected in crude extracts of E. coli. The reductase was shown to be induced many fold when the cells were grown in the presence of linoleic or oleic acid. The activity profile of the reductase on gel filtration was different from those of other enoyl reductases. These results suggest that there are two pathways even in E. coli for the degradation of cis-4 decenoyl-CoA, which is an intermediate in the beta-oxidation of linoleic acid, as recently proposed in rat liver. PMID- 7047515 TI - Translation of poly(A) in eukaryotic cell-free systems. AB - Translation of poly(A) in eukaryotic cell-free systems was investigated in comparison with that of poly(U), using the E. coli cell-free system as a control, and the following results were obtained. 1. Poly(A) was not translated in the eukaryotic cell-free systems prepared from yeast, wheat embryos, and rat liver, whereas poly(U) was well translated in these systems. On the other hand, fairly good translation of poly(A) as well as poly(U) was observed in the E. coli cell free system. 2. The inefficient translation of poly(A) observed in the eukaryotic systems was not due to the lack of lysyl-tRNA synthetase, because of addition of [14C]lysyl-tRNA did not improve the synthesis of polylysine dependent on poly(A). 3. Eukaryotic ribosomes such as those prepared from Artemia salina did not bind [3H]poly(A) but bound [3H]poly(U) in the absence of tRNA, whereas they bound both polynucleotides if tRNA was present. Furthermore, the binding of [3H]poly(A) to A. salina ribosomes observed in the presence of tRNA was strongly dependent on the incubation temperature, indicating that the interaction between ribosomes and poly(A) was hampered by the base stacking known to be present in poly(A). Thus, tRNA seemed to be required for the formation of the stable ribosome-poly(A) complex. 4. Binding of [14C]lysyl-tRNA to ribosomes, either of A. salina or of E. coli, was observed as well as that of [14C]phenylalanyl-tRNA. In contrast, chain elongation of polylysine was extremely slow in the eukaryotic system as compared with the E. coli system, although chain elongation of polyphenylalanine proceeded equally well in both systems, and this resulted in poor synthesis of polylysine in the eukaryotic systems. PMID- 7047516 TI - Adenosine triphosphate-induced reversible change in the conformation of chicken gizzard myosin and heavy meromyosin. AB - In 1978, we (Suzuki et al., J. Biochem. 84, 1529) reported the very interesting finding that in a medium of 0.2 M KCl (and 10 mM MgCl2), addition of ATP induced a large increase in the sedimentation velocity of chicken gizzard myosin from approximately 6S to 10S. Moreover, our flow birefringence study suggested that 10S-myosin was not much different from 6S-myosin in the particle length. Therefore, we concluded that ATP induced dimerization of gizzard myosin monomers. In the present study, we reinvestigated 6S-myosin and 10S-myosin by the sedimentation equilibrium method, and found that both myosins had the same molecular weight of approximately 500,000. We also studied the angular dependence of the light scattering intensity, and found that addition of ATP caused a large change in the radius of gyration of gizzard myosin; the radius of gyration of 6S myosin was 545 A whereas that of 10S-myosin was only 146 A. Accordingly, our previous conclusion had to be withdrawn. Instead, we now put forward a new conclusion that ATP induces a large change in the conformation of gizzard myosin monomers. We added two new observations: (a) The ATP-induced change in the myosin conformation and the large decrease in the ATPase activity of myosin were both reversible upon increasing the KCl concentration from 0.2 M to 0.3 M. (b) The large decrease in the ATPase activity and the ATP-induced increase in the sedimentation velocity were also observed with gizzard heavy meromyosin when the KCl concentration decreased to lower than 0.3 M. PMID- 7047517 TI - Regulatory mechanism of ketogenesis by glucagon and insulin in isolated and cultured hepatocytes. PMID- 7047518 TI - Hydrolysis of ATP dependent on homologous double-stranded DNA and single-stranded fragments promoted by RecA protein of Escherichia coli. AB - RecA protein is essential to general genetic recombination in Escherichia coli. In the presence of ATP, a stoichiometric amount of recA protein forms D-loops from superhelical closed-circular DNA (form I DNA) and homologous single-stranded fragments, and subsequently dissociates the D-loops. Under appropriate conditions, the hydrolysis of ATP by recA protein depends on the presence of both double-stranded DNA and homologous single-stranded fragments (homology-dependent hydrolysis). In the presence of form I DNA, most of the homology-dependent hydrolysis of ATP by recA protein is related to the dissociation of D-loops rather than the formation of D-loops. RecA protein also promoted the homology dependent hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of nicked-circular DNA (form II DNA), but unlike the case of form I DNA, this hydrolysis was associated with an increase in the amount of mature D-loops that were detected by the D-loop assay. When double-stranded DNA was superhelical, the homology-dependent hydrolysis of ATP continued at the same rate even after all the D-loops were dissociated. This correlates with our earlier observation that in the process of formation and dissociation of D-loops, form I DNA was converted to an inactive substrate without any apparent damage to the DNA, probably by the formation of a complex with recA protein. All of the observations described above can be explained by a model in which a common mechanism causes dissociation of D-loops from form I DNA, inactivation of form I DNA, and growth of D-loops in form II DNA. The mechanism might involve cooperative binding of recA protein to the duplex DNA from the site of the nascent D-loop, resulting in unidirectional unwinding of the duplex DNA. PMID- 7047519 TI - The topology of phospholipids in artificial and biological membranes. PMID- 7047520 TI - The reconstitution of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria isolated from a ubiquinone-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Mitochondria, isolated from the ubiquinone-deficient nuclear mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae E3-24, are practically unable to oxidize exogenous substrates. Respiratory activity, coupled to ATP synthesis, can, however, be reconstituted by the simple addition of ethanolic solutions of ubiquinones. A minimal length of the isoprenoid side chain (greater than or equal to 3) was required for the restoration. Saturation of the reconstitution required a large amount of exogeneous ubiquinone, in excess over the normal content present in the mitochondria of the wild type strain. A similar pattern of reconstituted activities could be also obtained using sonicated inverted particles. Mitochondria and sonicated particles are also able to carry out a dye-mediated electron flow coupled to ATP synthesis in the absence of added ubiquinone, using ascorbate or succinate as electron donor. This demonstrates that the energy conserving mechanism at the third coupling site of the respiratory chain is fully independent of the presence of the large mobile pool of ubiquinone in the membrane. PMID- 7047521 TI - Transmembrane ferricyanide reduction by cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Both respiratory-competent and respiratory-deficient yeast cells reduce external ferricyanide. The reduction is stimulated by ethanol and inhibited by the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, pyrazole. The reduction of ferricyanide is not inhibited by inhibitors of mitochondrial or microsomal ferricyanide reduction. Cells in exponential-phase growth show a much higher rate of ferricyanide reduction. The reduction of ferricyanide is accompanied by increased release of protons by the yeast cells. We propose that the ferricyanide reduction is carried out by a transmembrane NADH dehydrogenase. PMID- 7047522 TI - Presence of a DNA demethylating activity in the nucleus of murine erythroleukemic cells. AB - Nucleoplasm prepared from murine erythroleukemia cells was assayed from enzymatic activity which removes methyl groups from DNA methylated at the internal C of the sequence 5'-CCGG-3' (Hpa II sites). Under the conditions of assay, the release of methyl groups was linear with time for 1 h, and up to 2 pmol could be released per microgram of extract protein. The activity was proportional to the amount of added extract and was sensitive to heat ant to proteinase K exposure. The initial velocity was hyperbolic with increasing amounts of substrate, and the Km for methyl groups was estimated to be between 1 and 1.5 microM. These results show that DNA demethylation catalyzed by extracts from cell nuclei can occur in vitro where no DNA synthesis is occurring and suggest that such a process might occur in vivo to alter DNA methylation during differentiation. PMID- 7047523 TI - Assembly of the catalytic trimers of aspartate transcarbamoylase from folded monomers. PMID- 7047524 TI - Surface binding and rates of internalization of 125I-insulin in adipocytes and IM 9 lymphocytes. PMID- 7047525 TI - Inhibition of homocysteine sulfonamide of glutamate synthase purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Glutamate synthase, isolated in apparently homogeneous form (Mr approximately 265,000) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae after 7500-fold purification, is markedly inhibited by homocysteine sulfonamide. Inhibitions competitive with respect to L glutamine; the apparent Ki value calculated for L-homocysteine sulfonamide is 3.6 microM; the apparent Km value for L-glutamine is 280 microM. The very high affinity of the inhibitor for the enzyme, as well as structural considerations, suggest that homocysteine sulfonamide is a transition state inhibitor. The previously reported growth inhibitory properties of homocysteine sulfonamide (Reisner, D. B. (1958) J. Am. Chem. soc. 78, 5102-5104) may be due, at least in part, to inhibition of glutamate synthase. L-Methionine sulfone is also a potent competitive inhibitor, whereas L-albizziin, L-methionine-SR-sulfoximine, and L methionine-SR-sulfoxide are much less effective inhibitors. S. cerevisiae glutamate synthase, which is composed of two dissimilar subunits, uses NADH exclusively, and exhibits low but definite activity when NH3 is substituted for glutamine. PMID- 7047526 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of amino acid-induced insulin release. Metabolic response of pancreatic islets of L-glutamine and L-leucine. AB - L-Glutamine markedly enhances insulin release evoked by L-leucine in rat pancreatic islets. The metabolic situation found in the islets exposed to both L glutamine and L-leucine was investigated. L-Leucine slightly decreased the rate of L-glutamine deamidation, inhibited the conversion of glutamate to 2 ketoglutarate by transamination, increased the oxidative deamination of L glutamate, stimulated the recirculation of 2-ketoglutarate to glutamate and inhibited the further oxidative metabolism of 2-ketoglutarate. L-Glutamine slightly decreased the rate of L-leucine conversion to 2-ketoisocaproate, but inhibited more severely the conversion of 2-ketoisocaproate to acetoacetate and CO2. Several of these findings appeared attributable to activation of glutamate dehydrogenase by L-leucine. When allowance was made for the influence of exogenous amino acids on the oxidation of endogenous fatty acids, a close parallelism was found between the rate of generation of reducing equivalents or O2 uptake and the insulin secretory response to L-leucine and/or L-glutamine. These findings reinforce the view that the process of nutrient-stimulated insulin release coincides with and may be attributable to an increase in catabolic fluxes in the islet cells. PMID- 7047527 TI - Protein composition of the bovine mitochondrial ribosome. AB - The protein complement of the bovine mitochondrial ribosome has been analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels to determine the number and molecular weights of the ribosomal proteins. Salt-washed ribosomal subunits are found to contain a total of 85 ribosomal proteins, 84 of which are electrophoretically distinct between the two subunits. These proteins are also electrophoretically distinguished from those of cytoplasmic ribosomes. This large number of proteins does not appear to be due to contamination by cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins or by adherent nonribosomal proteins. The molecular weights of these proteins are considerably larger than those of Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins, and are similar to those of bovine cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins. The sum of the molecular weights of the 85 proteins agrees well with that predicted by physical chemical measurements of the total mass of protein in the two subunits. Bovine mitochondrial ribosomes thus contain about twice as much protein as RNA, a highly unusual composition in comparison to the other kinds of ribosomes which have been characterized to date. In addition, it appears that the ribosomal proteins themselves are less basic than the proteins of most other ribosomes. PMID- 7047528 TI - Regulation of tryptophan operon expression by attenuation in cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli. AB - Expression of the tryptophan (trp) operon of Escherichia coli was shown to be regulated by attenuation in an in vitro DNA-dependent protein-synthesizing system. In extracts prepared from a temperature-sensitive tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase mutant, plasmid-directed trpE enzyme synthesis was inhibited 2- to 3 fold by addition of purified wild type tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. When the extract used from a strain bearing a trpTts mutation that reduces charging of tRNATrp in vivo, a 2- to 3-fold increase in trpE enzyme synthesis was observed when an excess of uncharged wild type tRNATrp was added. Analysis of attenuation by measurement of trp mRNA synthesis was facilitated by constructing a plasmid (pAD1) containing the rpoC transcription terminator inserted early in trpE. Transcription proceeding past the trp attenuator of this plasmid terminates at this new terminator sequence and results in the production of a approximately 400 nucleotide long read-through transcript. Using this plasmid and extracts prepared from the tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase mutant, a 4- to 8-fold decrease in relative read-through transcription was observed in response to exogenously added wild type tryptophanyl-tRNA synthase. Kinetic analyses of trp mRNA synthesis and studies using plasmid template DNAs bearing trp attenuator mutations indicate that translation of the leader peptide coding region of the transcript regulates transcription termination at the trp attenuator. PMID- 7047529 TI - Human macrophages synthesize and secrete a major 95,000-dalton gelatin-binding protein distinct from fibronectin. PMID- 7047530 TI - Altered cation coupling to melibiose transport in mutants of Escherichia coli. AB - The alpha-galactoside transport system of Escherichia coli utilizes either H+ of Na+ as a coupling cation for melibiose transport. Mutants were isolated which showed altered cation recognition for melibiose transport. The transport carrier of the mutants has lost the ability to accept H+ but can utilize either Na/ or Li+ for co-transport with melibiose. Such mutants might be predicted if the melibiose carrier were viewed as a descendant of an evolutionary transition between the H+-substrate co-transport systems of primitive cells and the Na+ substrate systems of more complex organisms. A second mutation was found in these mutants which involves the Na+ (Li+)-H+ exchange carrier. The maximal rate of Li+ H+ exchange in one of the mutants was 11 times higher than the parent and the Km for Li+ by this carrier was one-sixth that of the parent. PMID- 7047531 TI - Biosynthesis of type V procollagen by A204, a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. AB - The A204 cell line, derived from a human rhabdomyosarcoma, was studied in culture for its capacity to synthesize collagen types and other extracellular matrix proteins. The cells synthesized and secreted into the culture medium collagenous proteins with apparent molecular weights of 220,000 and 150,000. These were identified as the pro alpha 1 and pro alpha 2 chains of type V collagen by immunoprecipitation and by peptide mapping. The pro alpha 1(V) chain was made in excess of a 2:1 ratio for pro alpha 1(V) to pro alpha 2(V), and a fraction of the pro alpha 1(V) chains together with all of the pro alpha 2(V) chains participated in intermolecular disulfide bonding. The chains were extensively glycosylated at hydroxylysyl residues in ascorbate-supplemented cultures. A fraction of the secreted pro alpha 1(V) chains was processed to the p alpha 1(V) form, but further processing in the culture medium was very slow and the type V collagen molecules deposits in the extracellular matrix apparently retained large non triple helical domains. Since the A204 cell line does not produce other collagen types, it may prove useful in further studies of the biosynthesis of type V procollagen. PMID- 7047532 TI - Amplification and modification of dihydrofolate reductase in Escherichia coli. Nucleotide sequence of fol genes from mutationally altered plasmids. AB - Recombinant plasmids carrying the structural gene for Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (fol) were mutagenized in vitro and in vivo and were used to transform a suitable recipient strain. Twenty-three transformants were isolated that were able to grow in the presence of high levels of the folate analog trimethoprim, and, in each strain, the resistance determinant was shown to be carried on the plasmid. Three of the strains produced dihydrofolate reductase with an increased Ki value for trimethoprim. DNA sequence analysis showed that the plasmids in these strains had mutations in fol which altered a conserved region of the polypeptide that forms part of the dihydrofolate-binding site. Two other strains had approximately 3-fold elevated dihydrofolate reductase levels, apparently resulting from plasmid copy number mutations. The remaining 18 strains had dihydrofolate reductase levels that were 10-30 times higher than those of the starting strain. Surprisingly, three of these strains had no discernible changes either in plasmid copy number or in the nucleotide sequence of the plasmid fol gene. Sequence analysis of the plasmids in 12 more of the strains revealed mutations in the promoter region adjacent to the fol gene. Most of these mutations occurred in the conserved sequences known as the Pribnow box and the 35 region and increased the homology of these sequences with the consensus E. coli promoter sequence. Strains carrying these plasmids produced a significant fraction of their total cell protein as wild type dihydrofolate reductase and should therefore be useful as sources of the purified enzyme. PMID- 7047533 TI - The site of action of alpha-sarcin on eukaryotic ribosomes. The sequence at the alpha-sarcin cleavage site in 28 S ribosomal ribonucleic acid. AB - alpha-Sarcin is a cytotoxic protein that inhibits eukaryotic elongation factor 1 catalyzed binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to eukaryotic ribosomes as a result of cleaving a fragment from the large RNA in the 60 S ribosomal subunit. Rat liver polysomes are sensitive to alpha-sarcin in vitro only if the treatment is carried out in the presence of EDTA. The oligonucleotide produced by alpha-sarcin action on rat liver ribosomes is derived from the 3' end of 28 S rRNA and has a molecular weight of approximately 161,000 (about 488 bases). The sequence at the site of cleavage (the 5' end of the oligonucleotide produced by alpha-sarcin action on rat liver ribosomes) was AGGAAC for both rat liver 28 S rRNA and yeast 25 S rRNA. Based on the size of the alpha-fragment derived from Escherichia coli ribosomes (about 243 nucleotides), it is likely that a similar sequence, AGGACC, occurs at the site of cleavage of prokaryotic 23 S rRNA. It is also likely that the sequence on the 5' side of the alpha-sarcin cleavage site is UAGUACGAG. The sequence UAGUACGAGAGGAAC must be important because it is conserved and because hydrolysis of a single phosphodiester bond there inactivates the ribosome. We suggest that this region of the large nucleic acid in the 60 S subparticle is involved in binding aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome, first, because it is the eukaryotic elongation factor 1 catalyzed reaction that is inhibited by alpha sarcin, and second, because peptidyl-tRNA seems to protect polysomes against the toxin. The function of EDTA appears to be to remove peptidyl-tRNA since puromycin also sensitizes polysomes to alpha-sarcin. PMID- 7047534 TI - Peptide intermediates in the cellular metabolism of insulin. AB - We have studied the metabolism of insulin to peptide intermediates which arise during the early stages of cellular hormone processing. [125I]Iodoinsulin (prepared by direct radioiodination of the hormone) and [(125I)iodotyrosylB1]insulin (prepared by semisynthetic procedures and indirect radioiodination) were used as specific probes for the metabolic fates of the A and B chain domains of the hormone, respectively. Incubation of the A chain labeled probe with isolated rat hepatocytes and subsequent analysis of the cell associated products revealed low amounts of several insulin-derived peptides. Mapping of these insulin fragments by chemical and enzymatic modification, electrophoresis, and autoradiography showed that they result from specific cleavages in both chains of the hormone. Two A chain-labeled fragments containing residues A14 to A20-21 in disulfide linkage to COOH-terminal portions of the insulin B chain were identified among the cell-associated metabolites. Other products contained intact A chains yet their elution positions during gel filtration were distinct from the position of [125I]iodoinsulin. Incubation of [(125I)iodotyrosylB1]insulin with hepatocytes resulted in cell-associated products containing a set of B chain-labeled fragments complementary to those described above. Structural analysis showed that these metabolites result from sequential cleavage of the insulin molecule at three sites between the interchain disulfide bonds of the B chain domain. Taken together, these A and B chain labeled peptides form a series of cell-associated and structurally related metabolites. They likely represent the intermediate products which arise during the cellular processing of insulin. PMID- 7047535 TI - Preparation of psoralen-cross-linked R-loops and generation of large deletions by their repair in vivo. AB - A technique for site-selective introduction of psoralens into DNA has been developed. Irradiation of Escherichia coli 16 S rRNA with aminomethyltrimethyl psoralen (AMT) at 390 nm leads to the incorporation of AMT monoadducts in double stranded regions of the RNA, but no cross-links. The AMT-containing RNA hybridizes efficiently to a supercoiled plasmid, pCS3, a derivative of pBR313 containing an insert of part of the E. coli rrnC cistron including the 3' 60% of the 16 S rDNA. When the resulting hybrids are re-irradiated at 360 nm, psoralen cross-links form between the rRNA and the rDNA, resulting in covalent R-loops. These were partially purified and used to transform E. coli after various nuclease treatments, employing an ampicillin selection to make cell survival dependent on successful repair of the psoralen-containing region. S1 nuclease treated AMT-containing covalent R-looped plasmids show efficient transformation, and 9 mutants with large deletions were isolated by random screening of 100 colonies. These fell into 3 specific classes, each of which appears to start some place within the AMT-cross-linked rDNA. The structure of one mutant has been analyzed by DNA sequencing which shows a deletion which extends approximately 6800 nucleotides from nucleotide 868 of 16 S rDNA to nucleotide 315 on the tetracycline gene. Some hints of symmetry exist around the point of the deletion, but the pattern is not a striking one. This technique should be useful in making covalent D-loops as well as R-loops. It offers a number of potential applications for site-specific DNA modification and studies of DNA repair. PMID- 7047536 TI - A 10-year assessment of a controlled trial comparing debridement and anterior spinal fusion in the management of tuberculosis of the spine in patients on standard chemotherapy in Hong Kong. Eighth Report of the Medical Research Council Working Party on Tuberculosis of the Spine. AB - One hundred and fifty patients in Hong Kong with a diagnosis of tuberculosis of the thoracic, thoracolumbar or lumbar spine were allocated a random to the "Hong Kong" radical resection of the lesion and the insertion of autologous bone grafts (Rad. series) or to debridement of the spinal focus without bone grafting (Deb. series). All patients received daily chemotherapy with para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) plus isoniazid for 18 months, with streptomycin for the first three months. After exclusions, the main analyses of this report concern 119 patients (58 Rad., 61 Deb.) followed up for 10 years. During the first five years the allocated regimen was modified because of the spinal lesion in 14 patients, but there were no further modifications between five and 10 years. No patient developed a sinus or clinically evident abscess or a neurological abnormality between five and 10 years. Bony fusion occurred earlier and in a higher proportion of patients in the Rad, series but at five and 10 years there was vary little difference between the series. Over the period of 10 years there was a mean increase in vertebral loss of 0.05 of a vertebral body in the Rad. series and 0.23 in the Deb. series. In both series most of this loss occurred in the first 18 months, with very little subsequent change in the next eight and a half years. Over the 10 years there was a mean reduction in the angle of kyphosis in the Rad. series of 1.4 degrees for patients with thoracic and thoracolumbar lesions and 0.5 degrees for those with lumbar lesions. By contrast, in the Deb. series there were mean increases in the angle of 9.8 degrees and 7.6 degrees respectively. In both series most of the changes had occurred early, and persisted subsequently. At 10 years 57 of 58 Rad. and all 61 Deb. patients had a favourable status, 50 (86 per cent) and 54 (89 per cent) respectively on the allocated regimen without modification. PMID- 7047537 TI - Inhibition of myoblast differentiation in vitro by a protein isolated from liver cell medium. AB - We have recently discovered that cells of Coon's Buffalo rat liver (BRL) line secrete a protein which is a potent inhibitor of skeletal myoblast differentiation in vitro. Using ion exchange and molecular exclusion chromatography, we have prepared this protein, which we designate "differentiation inhibitor" (DI), from the materials secreted by BRL cells maintained in serum-free medium. It is a relatively heat-stable protein which is inactivated by treatment with trypsin and mercaptoethanol and has an apparent molecular weight in the range 30,000--36,000. It exhibits no detectable mitogenic or lectin activity and differs from previously reported inhibitors of myoblast differentiation in several respects. It is active in all skeletal myoblast systems tested (Yaffe's L6 line as well as primary cultures of rat, chick, and Japanese quail myoblasts), and it blocks fusion, elevation of creatine kinase, and increased binding of alpha-bungarotoxin. Parallel fractionation of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and chick embryo extract (CEE) yields a peak of activity which similarly inhibits myoblast differentiation. We suggest that the differentiation inhibitor from BRL cells may correspond to the differentiation-inhibiting component(s) of FBS and CEE, and we call attention to the possibility that such a substance could play a role in embryonic growth of myoblasts and in satellite cell formation. PMID- 7047538 TI - Laminin, fibronectin, and collagen in synaptic and extrasynaptic portions of muscle fiber basement membrane. AB - Light and electron microscope immunohistochemical methods were used to study the distribution of several proteins in rat skeletal muscle. The aims were to identify components of muscle fiber basement membrane and to compare the small fraction (0.1%) of the basement membrane that extends through the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction with the remaining, extrasynaptic portion. Synaptic basement membrane is functionally specialized and plays important roles in neuromuscular function and regeneration. Laminin, fibronectin, collagen IV, collagen V, and a collagenous protein (high-salt-soluble protein [HSP]) are all present in muscle fiber basement membrane. Laminin and collagen IV are concentrated in basal lamina (the feltlike, inner layer of the basement membrane) and are shared by synaptic and extrasynaptic regions. Fibronectin, also present synaptically and extrasynaptically, is present in basal lamina and in the overlying reticular lamina. Collagen V and HSP are present throughout extrasynaptic basement membrane but are absent from synaptic sites; HSP is concentrated in the reticular lamina and on the outer surface of the basal lamina. These results, together with experiments reported previously (Sanes and Hall, 1979. J. Cell Biol: 83:357--370), provide examples of three classes of components in muscle fiber basement membrane--synaptic, extrasynaptic, and shared. PMID- 7047539 TI - Prolactin storage in a clonal strain of rat pituitary tumor cells is cell-cycle dependent. AB - GH4C1 cells (CH cells) are a clonal strain of rat pituitary tumor cells which secrete prolactin. We measured intracellular prolactin at different stages of the cell cycle using flow microfluorometry. Prolactin was stained by an indirect immunocytochemical technique using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated antiserum, and DNA was stained simultaneously with propidium iodide. We found that prolactin storage in GH cells was cell-cycle dependent; prolactin storage increased as cells passed from G1 to S to G2 + M. We have shown previously that insulin and 17 beta-estradiol act synergistically to increase intracellular prolactin three- to sevenfold and slow the rate of cell growth to approximately 70% of control cells. In this study we observed that insulin and estradiol increased prolactin storage at each stage of the cell cycle but did not affect the cell-cycle distribution of the population even though cell growth was slowed. We conclude that insulin and estradiol did not increase prolactin storage by affecting the cell-cycle distribution of the population. PMID- 7047540 TI - Clogging of the glomerular basement membrane. AB - The negative charges of the sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were differentially neutralized by perfusin with high molarity buffers in order to determine whether or not these charges protect the GBM from being clogged by circulating plasma macromolecules. Progressive elimination of the negative charges resulted in clogging of the GBM by perfused native ferritin (NF) and bovine serum albumin as evidenced ultrastructurally by the increase in accumulation of NF in the GBM. In addition, the permeability of the GBM to 125I-insulin, a macromolecule which is normally freely permeable, and the glomerular filtration rate (as determined by [3H]inulin clearance) were markedly reduced after the GBM had been clogged with NF in the presence of high molarity buffer, thereby indicating that clogging severely reduces the ability of the GMB to act as a selective filter. These findings are consistent with the idea that the sulfated GAGs of the GBM serve as anticlogging agents. PMID- 7047541 TI - Signal recognition protein is required for the integration of acetylcholine receptor delta subunit, a transmembrane glycoprotein, into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. AB - Purified Signal Recognition Protein (SRP) has previously been shown to be required for the translocation of secretory proteins across the microsomal membrane (Walter and Blobel, 1980. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77:7, 112-7, 116) and to function in the early events of this process (Walter and Blobel, 1981. J. Cell Biol. 91:557-561). We demonstrate here that the delta subunit of acetylcholine receptor (AChR-delta), a transmembrane glycoprotein, likewise requires SRP for its asymmetric integration into microsomal membranes. We further demonstrate by partial sequence analysis that AChR-delta is synthesized with a transient NH2-terminal signal sequence of 21 residues that is cleaved off during integration into microsomal membranes. Integration of AChR-delta into the microsomal membrane vesicles proceeded asymmetrically, yielding a large (44 kdalton) core-glycosylated domain, inaccessible to externally added proteolytic enzymes and a smaller (approximately 16 kdalton) domain exposed on the outside of the vesicles and accessible to externally added proteolytic enzymes. The NH2 terminus of the molecule is contained in the 44-kdalton domain. PMID- 7047542 TI - Interactions of lectins with CHO cell surface membranes. II. Differential effects of local anesthetics on endocytosis of Con A and WGA binding sites. AB - Using fibroblastic CHO cells, we have examined 1) the internalization and redistribution of surface binding sites for the lectins Concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin and 2) the sensitivity of these processes to putative inhibitors of cytoskeletal activity. Following initial exposure to fluorescein conjugated Con A (CAF) or WGA (WGAF) at 4 degrees C, kinetic analysis of internalization and intracellular aggregation of lectin at 37 degrees C indicated more rapid aggregate formation in the case of WGA than in the case of Con A. Treatment with tertiary amine local anesthetics (tetracaine, dibucaine, and xylocaine) or with a lysosomatrophic amine, m-dansyl cadaverine, blocked internalization of Con A but not of WGA. Similar differential effects on redistribution of Con A and WGA were not however observed with the antimicrotubule agents colchicine and nocodazole. Simultaneous treatment of cells with WGAF and with rhodamine labeled Con A (CAR) resulted in the accumulation of both labels in a central perinuclear aggregate; a similar experiment in the presence of local anesthetic resulted in a diffuse peripheral distribution of CAR and a central aggregate of WGAF. These results suggest 1) CHO cells possess at least two distinct pathways for lectin internalization and redistribution, which can be discriminated in terms of drug sensitivity; 2) CHO cells can sort out and independently internalize different populations of lectin binding sites; and 3) different pathways may be a manifestation of biochemically distinct linkages between cytoskeletal elements and various groups of surface glycoproteins. Present findings concur with our previous results concerning the mutual independence of the surface binding sites for Con A and WGA (Emerson and Juliano, 1982). PMID- 7047543 TI - Cerebral blood flow, brain pH, and oxidative metabolism in the cat during severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia. AB - The effects of severe hypoglycemia on brain pH, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and other physiologic and metabolic parameters were studied in 26 cats subjected to insulin hypoglycemia. Two groups were utilized to compare the effects of anesthesia. The halothane group was composed of 14 animals and the barbiturate group contained 12 animals. Insulin was administered by both the intravenous and intramuscular routes until there was a severe electroencephalographic (EEG) change or until 6 h had elapsed. The cerebral responses to hypoglycemia demonstrated the following: CBF was unaffected by severe hypoglycemia in normotensive animals with or without EEG changes; brain pH was essentially constant in all groups regardless of glucose levels, CBF, or EEG; and the EEG abnormalities corresponded closely to brain glucose levels. Cerebral adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine levels were lowest in the animals with isoelectric EEGs. We conclude that CBF and brain pH in the normotensive cat under general anesthesia are relatively unaffected by insulin hypoglycemia despite the presence of severe EEG changes and diminished cerebral energy reserves. The study suggests tha the PaCO2-CBF response curve is ot dependent upon the metabolic integrity of cerebral tissue and is mediated by pathways separate from those of autoregulation. PMID- 7047544 TI - Simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, theophylline and salicylate in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7047545 TI - Determination of captopril and its disulphide in biological fluids. AB - A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of captopril (SQ 14,255) and its disulphide (SQ 14,551) in biological fluids by means of selected ion monitoring is described. In order to prevent oxidative degradation, captopril was treated with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). The captopril-NEM adduct and the disulphide were converted into the hexafluoroisopropyl esters, which were separated on a 10% Dexsil 300 GC column and determined by employing the captopril-N-butylmaleimide adducts as an internal standard. The blood and urine levels of captopril and its disulphide in dogs to which captopril had been administered orally were measured by the proposed method. The urinary excretion of these two substances in rats was also determined in a similar manner. PMID- 7047546 TI - Analysis of body functions using a clinical liquid chromatograph. AB - A clinical liquid chromatograph, which consists of a completely automated liquid chromatograph combined with a microcomputer for diagnosis, and its application to body function analyses are described. The analytical rate for urinary ultraviolet absorbing constituents using anion-exchange chromatography was 12 samples per day, and the reproducibilities for retention time and peak area were less than 3% and 4%, respectively. Diagnostic methods for kidney functions using the chromatograms are discussed. PMID- 7047547 TI - Rapid method for purification of plasmid DNA and DNA fragments from DNA linkers using high-performance liquid chromatography on TSK-PW gel. AB - High-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) using TSK-G5000 PW in Tri buffer has been found to be a reliable method for the rapid fractionation of DNA ligation products. Plasmid and fragmented phage DNAs were found to elute in less than 2 min with recoveries greater than 98%. Escherichia coli transfection studies, using plasmid DNA that had been subjected to HPSEC column fractionation, showed high transformation efficiencies. MgCl2, a component of the DNA ligation reaction, was found to produce DNA-column support interactions, which resulted in low DNA recoveries. Such interactions were eliminated by chelation with ethylenediaminetetraacetate prior to chromatography. PMID- 7047548 TI - Use of high-performance liquid chromatography to quantitate thymine-containing pyrimidine dimers in DNA. AB - We have developed two high-performance liquid chromatographic systems for the measurement of pyrimidine dimers in hydrolysates of DNA. Normal-phase chromatography on an NH2 column in methanol-ethyl acetate (3.97) at an elution rate of 2.0 ml/min allowed quantitation of thymine-containing (thymine-thymine plus thymine-uracil) pyrimidine dimers at levels as low as 0.1% of the total radioactivity as thymine in DNA. This system was unaffected by the presence of up to 1 mg of contaminating protein (bovine serum albumin) or 40 micrograms of DNA in hydrolysates prepared for chromatography. Reversed-phase chromatography on a muBondapak C18 column allowed measurement of thymine-thymine dimers at concentrations as low as 0.02% of the total radioactivity. With 0.1% tetrahydrofuran in water as the solvent at a flow-rate of up to 0.6 ml/min, thymine-thymine, thymine-uracil, and uracil-uracil dimers were completely resolved. We were not able to quantitate the latter two dimeric forms, however, owing to the presence of other radioactive components of undefined origin that eluted concomitantly with the uracil-containing dimers. PMID- 7047549 TI - Metabolic effects of prostaglandin E2 infusion in man: possible adrenergic mediation. AB - Infusion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been previously shown to inhibit acute insulin release and cause glucose intolerance. The present studies were undertaken to assess the effects of PGE2 on 1) pancreatic beta-cell sensitivity to glucose, 2) glucose tolerance, 3) tissue sensitivity to insulin, 4) glucose production and clearance, and 5) plasma catecholamine, glucagon, and FFA levels. Six healthy adult subjects were studied with the hyperglycemic clamp technique (plasma glucose 125 mg/dl above basal for 2 h) before and 30 min after the start of a PGE2 infusion (10 micrograms/min). Plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and FFA were measured during the PGE2 infusion. In additional experiments, glucose production and utilization were measured isotopically ([3-3H]glucose) during PGE2 infusion. PG infusion diminished, but not significantly, acute insulin release (0 10 min preinfusion, 172 +/- 36; postinfusion, 148 +/- 45 microunits/ml . 10 min). Late insulin release (20-120 min) was unchanged. A significant decline occurred in the amount of glucose metabolized from 9 +/- 1.1 to 7.2 +/- 1 mg/kg . min. During the initial 30 min of PGE2 infusion, plasma FFA increased by 26 +/- 6% (P less than 0.025). Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine rose from 40 +/- 6 to 104 +/- 24 pg/ml (P less than 0.05) and 204 +/- 17 to 440 +/- 30 pg/ml (P less than 0.01), respectively. PGE2 produced a prompt 30% rise in glucose output, which declined to basal levels by 60 min. Glucose clearance decreased transiently at 45 min by 23%. We conclude that the effects on glucose homeostasis noted during PGE2 infusion occur in the face of heightened adrenergic activity. These metabolic responses closely resemble adrenergically induced changes in glucose homeostasis. As such, before any metabolic effects can be attributed directly to infused PGE2, any metabolic effects can be attributed directly to infused PGE2, the role of concomitant catecholamine release must be considered. PMID- 7047550 TI - Prevalence of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni in healthy populations in southern India. AB - Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni was isolated from the feces of 14.8% of a random sample of the healthy population of rural southern India. The rate of isolation was highest in preschool children. This finding emphasizes the need to identify markers of pathogenicity in strains of C. fetus subsp. jejuni, which so far are identified only by cultural characteristics. The pathogenic role of this organism in patients with diarrhoea in tropical developing countries can be understood when such markers of pathogenicity are found. PMID- 7047551 TI - Comparison of fluorescent and colorigenic substrates for enzyme immunoassays. AB - A variety of substrates can be employed in enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for the measurement of enzyme-labeled immunoreactants. We compared the sensitivities of a fluorescent and a colorigenic substrate in an EIA system for the measurement of Haemophilus influenza purified polyribose phosphate. After a 10-min substrate incubation, the EIA in which the fluorescent substrate was used could detect 10 pg of polyribose phosphate per ml, whereas the EIA in which the colorigenic substrate was used required the addition of 640 pg of polyribose phosphate per ml to generate a positive reading. However, the use of longer substrate incubation periods led to an increase in sensitivity of the colorigenic EIA. After an incubation period of 240 min, the sensitivity was equal to that of the EIA in which the fluorescent substrate was used. These results suggest that the ultimate limit of sensitivity of EIA systems is determined by the nature of the antigen antibody reactions. However, the use of high-energy substrates in EIA systems can allow for the attainment of maximal sensitivity after short enzyme-substrate incubation periods. PMID- 7047552 TI - Carriage of Streptococcus agalactiae in women and neonates and distribution of serological types: a study in Brazil. AB - The prevalence of group B streptococcal carriage was evaluated in nonpregnant women and in mothers and their offsprings. The overall carriage rate of group B streptococci at one site was 18.2%. Streptococci were recovered from one or more of the sites sampled in 25.6% of mothers and 15.4% of newborn infants. The maternal genital carriage rate was 18.6%, and acquisition of the organism from the mother was assessed by serological typing of group B streptococcal isolates in the mother-infant pairs. A cervical carriage rate of 16.3% was seen in nonpregnant women. PMID- 7047553 TI - Serological diagnosis of influenza B virus infection: comparison of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and the hemagglutination inhibition test. AB - The sensitivity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibody to influenza B virus was compared with that of the hemagglutination inhibition test on acute- and convalescence-phase sera obtained from adults and children infected with influenza B virus. Two whole virus, tissue culture-grown antigen preparations were used in the ELISA, influenza B/West Virginia/81 and influenza B/Hong Kong/72. Four antigens were used in the hemagglutination inhibition test. These included the tissue culture-grown whole virus antigens that were used in the ELISA. In addition the standard egg-grown antigens, influenza B/Singapore/79 and influenza B/Hong Kong/72, were included for comparison. The ELISA antibody titer was significantly correlated to the hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer, and 10 of 10 adults and 17 of 21 children infected with influenza B had fourfold antibody increases as detected by ELISA with either antigenic type of tissue culture-grown whole virus. Increases in geometric mean antibody titers of 16- to 71-fold were detected by ELISA. Increases in geometric mean antibody titers of 3- to 10-fold were detected by hemagglutination inhibition depending on the type of antigen utilized. We found that ELISA with whole virus antigens was a sensitive and specific test for the detection of antibody to influenza B virus. PMID- 7047554 TI - Expanded serotyping scheme for Ureaplasma urealyticum strains isolated from humans. AB - For the last decade the serological heterogeneity of strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum isolated from humans has been represented by eight serotypes. We have identified two additional serotypes, strains Vancouver and Western. Using a modified metabolic inhibition test and a colony indirect epifluorescence method, we tested antisera to the above 10 types against the 11 members of the independent Lin-Kass classification. Four of the latter, K2, U24, U26, and U38, showed unique specificities; these were confirmed by reciprocal testing with antisera prepared against the respective strains. With the addition of these strains, the serotyping scheme now has 14 members. Since this expanded classification allows greater discrimination between strains, it will allow also for their future characterization. It provides, in addition, a potentially more effective epidemiological tool. PMID- 7047555 TI - Detection of La Crosse arbovirus antigen in mosquito pools: application of chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme immunoassay systems. AB - An enzyme immunoassay producing either a chromogenic or fluorogenic end product was developed and evaluated for detecting La Crosse viral antigen within mosquito pools. The enzyme immunoassay was found to be sensitive, detecting one infected mosquito within a pool of 100 mosquitoes, and specific, distinguishing between closely related California group viruses. Assays were completed within 5 h after the addition of test samples. La Crosse viral antigen could be readily detected in mosquito pools after seven freeze-thaw cycles. PMID- 7047556 TI - Comparison of micro-ID and API 20E in rapid identification of Enterobacteriaceae. AB - The effectiveness of Micro-ID and API 20E as same-day identification systems for Enterobacteriaceae was evaluated in comparison with conventional identification by using 315 clinical isolates and 90 stock strains. The API 20E system was heavily inoculated according to manufacturer's recommendations for same-day identification. We found that 83 and 81% of isolates provided adequate inocula for Micro-ID and API 20E, respectively, and purity of the heavy inocula was not a problem with either system. Overall agreement with conventional identification at genus and species levels was 93.5% with Micro-ID and 90.2% with API 20E. However, when Klebsiella pneumoniae and K. oxytoca were considered as a single species and Proteus morganii was equated with Morganella morganii, agreement was 95.8 and 90.5%, respectively. Only 83.% of isolates were identified on the day of inoculation by API 20E, in contrast to 94.3% with Micro-ID. The remaining isolates required supplementary overnight testing. Provisional (low selectivity) determinations were constant with conventional identification with 49.3% of isolates with API 20E and 82.6% with Micro-ID. Telephone consultations with the manufacturers to resolve unprinted octal codes required a maximum of 15 min with Micro-ID and from 2 to greater than 48 h with API 20E. PMID- 7047557 TI - Iontophoretic killing of Escherichia coli in static fluid and in a model catheter system. AB - A static iontophoretic model system was used to determine the effects of various metals, microamperage (microamperemeter) levels, and voltage levels on Escherichia coli and several other bacterial genera. Only gold iontophoresis at 400 microamperemeter and approximately 3.2 V was found to kill all bacterial genera tested when the inoculum dose was 1 x 10(3) cells per ml. E. coli was killed at all inocula doses to 1 x 10(7), whereas other genera were inhibited. Other metals, such as silver or copper, were not effective in killing bacteria. A model catheter system, which contained a gold iontophoresis device, was used to kill E. coli in a flowing system at sites as far as 10 cm downstream from the iontophoretic device. The experiments suggest gold iontophoresis can be a potential tool in controlling catheter-related infections. PMID- 7047559 TI - Peptone-yeast autolysate-fetal bovine serum 10, a simple, inexpensive liquid medium for cultivation of Leishmania spp. AB - A simple liquid medium for the cultivation of Leishmania parasites is described. Leishmania brasiliensis and Leishmania peruviana cultured in this medium reached cell densities greater than 10(7) promastigotes per ml within 7 days. This medium compares very favorably with the more complex media used to cultivate Leishmania spp. and other hemoflagellates. PMID- 7047558 TI - Evaluation of a solid-phase immunoassay with fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated heterogeneous or monoclonal antibodies for identification of virus isolates, with influenza virus as a model. AB - A solid-phase immunofluorescence assay was evaluated for the identification of viruses isolated in tissue culture, with influenza virus as a model. Purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) from hyperimmune rabbit sera specific for contemporary strains of influenza A or B was covalently attached to microscopic plastic beads to capture virus. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated antibodies of different specificities were then reacted with bound antigen, and the resulting complexes were quantified in a suitable filter fluorometer. The assay, with appropriately absorbed FITC-conjugated second antibody, reliably identified virus present in harvests from cell cultures infected with clinical specimens. For influenza A (H1N1) virus, sensitivity of detecting antigen was about 8- to 32 fold less when an FITC-conjugated monoclonal Igg antibody pool specific for epitopes in three different antigenic sites on influenza hemagglutinin was used as the second antibody as compared to when IgG from hyperimmune sera specific for virus or its components was used as the second antibody. The immunofluorometric assay provides a method for quantitative detection of viral antigen in tissue culture fluids and objective identification of virus type and subtype with FITC conjugated reagents. PMID- 7047560 TI - In vitro evaluation of CENTA, a new beta-lactamase-susceptible chromogenic cephalosporin reagent. AB - CENTA is a newly synthesized, beta-lactamase-labile, chromogenic cephalosporin reagent which changes color from light yellow (lambda maximum ca. 340 nm) to chrome yellow (lambda maximum ca. 405 nm) concomitant with hydrolysis of the beta lactam ring. This compound offers promise as a diagnostic reagent comparable to other chromogens (PADAC and nitrocefin) for the early detection of beta-lactamase producing clinical isolates, while retaining some antimicrobial effect against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and non-enterococcal Streptococcus spp. CENTA is relatively unaffected by commonly used microbiological media and human serum. PMID- 7047561 TI - Comparison of rectal swabs and stool cultures in detecting Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni. AB - Rectal swabs and stool specimens were compared for the detection of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni in marmosets. Rectal swabs were superior to stool specimens for detection of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni (P = 0.016). Preliminary human data are also presented. PMID- 7047562 TI - Comparison of direct and indirect immunofluorescence staining of clinical specimens for detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen. AB - Immunofluorescence staining methods for respiratory syncytial virus antigen detection were compared. Of 50 specimens originally positive for respiratory syncytial virus by direct immunofluorescence and culture, 49 were positive by repeat direct immunofluorescence and 32 were positive by indirect immunofluorescence. Additional results obtained on specimens originally negative for respiratory syncytial virus by direct immunofluorescence, culture, or both indicate that direct immunofluorescence staining for respiratory syncytial virus antigen was more sensitive than was indirect immunofluorescence. PMID- 7047563 TI - Rapid biotyping of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae with PathoTec strips and spot biochemical tests. AB - PathoTec strips and spot biochemical tests were evaluated for the ability to biotype Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Indole, urease, and ornithine decarboxylase reactions were tested. The results of PathoTec strips compared favorably with those conventional methods; the percent agreements were as follows: indole, 100; urease, 99.5; and ornithine, 95.5. Spot tests were simple and rapid, and the results also compared favorably with those of conventional tests; the percent agreements were as follows: indole, 99; urease, 100; and ornithine, 96. PMID- 7047564 TI - Decreasing the depth of etch for direct bonding in orthodontics. PMID- 7047565 TI - Monoclonal antibodies with specificity for hairy cell leukemia cells. AB - Hairy cell leukemia is a well described clinical entity, but the cell of origin for this leukemic cell and its function are still unknown. There are no totally specific markers for this cell, although tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining has been used extensively as a diagnostic test. This study describes three monoclonal murine antibodies with variable specificity for hairy cells. Antibody 1 was highly specific for hairy cells and was not found to react with normal or leukemic cells in this limited study. It did not react with the cells of all patients. It also did not react with all of the hairy cells of some of the positive cases. Antibodies 2 and 3 reacted with virtually all hairy cells but not with normal peripheral blood cells. However, reactions were obtained with certain leukemic myelomonoblasts and some activated B cells. The most obvious use for these three antibodies is for diagnostic purposes. They should also be helpful reagents to investigate the origin of the leukemic hairy cell. The possibility that antibody 1 detects a tumor-specific antigen is discussed. PMID- 7047566 TI - Pemphigus antibodies identify a cell surface glycoprotein synthesized by human and mouse keratinocytes. AB - Pemphigus is an antibody-mediated autoimmune skin disease in which loss of cell to-cell contacts in the epidermis results in blister formation. Patients with pemphigus develop antibodies that bind to the keratinocyte cell surface, the site of primary pathology. The purpose of this study was to characterize the antigen(s) to which pemphigus antibodies bind. Because we could detect pemphigus antigen by indirect immunofluorescence on the surface of multiply-passaged cells in cultures of both a spontaneously transformed mouse keratinocyte cell line (Pam) and normal human epidermal cells, we used these cells as a source of antigen. In order to demonstrate biosynthesis of antigen and to characterize the antigen(s), we radiolabeled cell cultures with [(14)C]glucosamine or d-[2 (3)H]mannose and used different pemphigus sera to immunoprecipitate antigen from nonionic detergent extracts of these labeled cells. Specifically precipitated radiolabeled molecules were identified using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and fluorography. Sera from five of seven pemphigus patients specifically precipitated (from extracts of both Pam cells and human epidermal cells) a molecule that, when reduced, was approximately 130 kD, whereas seven normal human sera and two pemphigoid sera did not precipitate this molecule. The findings that (a) these precipitated molecules comigrated on SDS-PAGE and that (b) the 130-kD molecule could no longer be precipitated from cell extracts that had been previously reacted with a pemphigus serum, indicate that reactive pemphigus sera bind the same molecule. The molecule was not detected in the culture medium of these cells. This finding, along with the cell surface immunofluorescence pattern, suggests that the antigen is bound to the cell surface. Cultured mouse and human fibroblasts do not synthesize the antigen. The antigen contains protein because it was degraded by V8 protease and chymotrypsin, and it could also be labeled with [(14)C]amino acids. It is probably not a sulfated proteoglycan because it did not label with (35)SO(4). Taken together, these data indicate that some, but not all, pemphigus sera bind a specific cell surface glycoprotein that is synthesized by keratinocytes. PMID- 7047567 TI - Plasmodium falciparum malaria. An amelanotic melanoma cell line bears receptors for the knob ligand on infected erythrocytes. AB - Erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum trophozoites and schizonts are not seen in the peripheral circulation because they attach to venular endothelium via knoblike structures on the infected erythrocyte membrane. We have recently shown that erythrocytes containing P. falciparum trophozoites and schizonts likewise attach to cultured human venous endothelial cells via knobs. In search of a more practical target cell for large scale binding studies designed to characterize and isolate the knob ligand, we tested various normal cells and continuous cell lines for their ability to bind P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Of the 18 cell types tested, binding of infected erythrocytes was observed to a human amelanotic melanoma cell line and amnion epithelial cells as well as to human aortic and umbilical vein endothelial cells. 96-100% of amelanotic melanoma cells bound 17+/-4 (+/-1 SEM) infected erythrocytes per positive cell, whereas fewer endothelial cells (4-59%) and amnion epithelial cells (8-19%) were capable of binding 12+/-5 and 4+/-1 infected erythrocytes per positive cell, respectively. Further studies designed to compare the mechanism of binding to the amelanotic melanoma cell line and endothelial cells showed the following results. First, that adhesion of infected erythrocytes to these two cell types was parasite stage-specific in that only erythrocytes containing late ring forms, trophozoites, and schizonts bound. Erythrocytes containing early ring forms, which do not attach to venular endothelium in vivo, did not bind to either cell type. Second, erythrocytes infected with trophozoites and schizonts of P. vivax or a knobless strain of P. falciparum, both of which continue to circulate in vivo, did not bind to either target cell type. Third, transmission electron microscopy showed that infected erythrocytes attached to the amelanotic melanoma cells via knobs. We conclude that cultured human endothelial cells and an amelanotic melanoma cell line share common determinants on their surface and that the mechanism of binding to these two different cell types is similar. The amelanotic melanoma cell line offers a useful substitute for endothelial cells in binding studies requiring large numbers of target cells. PMID- 7047568 TI - Monoclonal antibody-defined immunoregulatory cells in multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid. AB - To determine if previously reported peripheral blood suppressor cell defects are also found in the central nervous system (CNS) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), we studied cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood lymphocytes from 40 MS patients and 15 patients with other neurological diseases. With an indirect immunofluorescence technique using the OKT series of monoclonal antibodies (OKT4, marking helper/inducer cells, OKT5 and OKT8 marking suppressor/cytotoxic cells, and OKT3 marking all peripheral T cells) we found that MS patients tested in the first 2 wk of exacerbation had invariably diminished CSF suppressor/cytotoxic cells, which was followed by an elevation of these cells in the 3rd wk of exacerbation. Repeat studies of three patients showed that perturbations of CSF suppressor/cytotoxic cells were dependent on clinical status. These observations add to the accumulating data that suggest altered immunity in the pathogenesis of MS. PMID- 7047569 TI - Antimalarial properties of bredinin. Prediction based on identification of differences in human host-parasite purine metabolism. AB - Human malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum) grown in continuous erythrocyte culture utilize hypoxanthine for synthesis of both guanosine and adenosine nucleotides. Unlike the mature human erythrocyte, the malaria parasite depends on a constant supply of guanylates, primarily for synthesis of nucleic acids. This parasite specific requirement for guanylates led us to predict that a block in the hypoxanthine to guanosine monophosphate pathway would be selectively lethal to the parasite. Bredinin (4-carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranyosyl-imidazolium-5 olate) inhibited the synthesis of guanosine monophosphate from inosine monophosphate by parasitized erythrocytes. This block in guanylate synthesis was fatal to both a drug-sensitive (FCR-3) and a drug-resistant (VNS) strain of the malaria parasite at a bredinin concentration of 50 microM, arresting growth of the parasite at the trophozoite stage of development. These studies emphasize the essential role of guanylates and their synthesis from hypoxanthine in the metabolism of malaria parasite. They further suggest that bredinin or similar agents that selectively interfere with parasite guanylate metabolism may have potential for antimalarial chemotherapy. PMID- 7047570 TI - 3,3',5,5' - Tetramethylbenzidine as an Ames test negative chromogen for horse radish peroxidase in enzyme-immunoassay. AB - The use of 3,3',5,5' - tetramethylbenzidine as non-mutagenic chromogen for the end point determination in enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) is described. In sandwich EIAs for HCG and HBsAg and in a competitive EIA for testosterone, the colour yield with TMB was superior to that obtained with o-phenylene diamine (OPD), which was by far the best chromogen for horse-radish peroxidase until now. This led to an improvement of sensitivity and precision of the assays and makes EIA even more competitive with other types of immunoassays. PMID- 7047571 TI - Coated tube enzyme immunoassay: factors affecting sensitivity and effects of reversible protein binding to polystyrene. AB - Coated tube enzyme immunoassay using alkaline phosphatase conjugated to rabbit (anti-human IgG) antiserum was studied to determine conditions of maximum sensitivity. The competitive binding assay utilized showed a large increase in sensitivity with immobilized antigen levels below the levels giving rise to the maximum in the coating-antigen dilution series. The effects of reversible antigen binding to the solid phase were investigated by comparison of untreated polystyrene tubes, polystyrene tubes treated with glutaraldehyde and glass tubes activated with an aminosilane. The use of glutaraldehyde treated tubes reduced, and the use of activated glass tubes prevented the time dependent release of immobilized antigen seen with the untreated polystyrene tubes. By comparison of these solid phases, it is shown that reversible antigen immobilized in a competitive binding assay gives rise to poorer conjugate binding (three-fold), and poorer sensitivity (six-fold). A noncompetitive response was found to occur at high free antibody levels and low competing antigen concentrations. This binding behavior is moderated by the minimization of the reversible antigen immobilization. PMID- 7047572 TI - Identification of immunoglobulin class and subclass of mouse monoclonal antibodies to human cell surface antigens by mixed hemadsorption assay. AB - A microassay is described to determine immunoglobulin Ig class or IgG subclass of mouse monoclonal antibodies by mixed hemadsorption assay. Monoclonal antibody bound to adherent target cells is reacted with serial dilutions of a panel of class or subclass specific rabbit anti-mouse Ig antisera and binding of the latter is traced by anti-rabbit globulin-coated indicator erythrocytes. The class or subclass of the bound monoclonal antibody is revealed by preferential binding of the corresponding rabbit antibody. Unlike gel immunodiffusion analysis, the mixed hemadsorption assay may be performed with unconcentrated hybridoma culture supernatants. PMID- 7047573 TI - Problems in the disinfection of class 1 microbiology safety cabinets. AB - Microbiology safety cabinet disinfection procedures using formaldehyde have been tested. Tubercle bacilli were killed by concentrations of formaldehyde obtained by heating commercial formalin irrespective of whether the bacilli were in the cabinet free space or above the prefilters. However, Bacillus stearothermophilus spore papers for for the testing of low temperature steam/formaldehyde sterilisers were almost never sterilised and a strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis (NCTC 7944) showed a resistance intermediate between the B stearothermophilus spores and the tubercle bacilli. Tests using a vaccine strain of poliovirus type 3 indicated a considerable degree of resistance of the virus to the action of formaldehyde. No such resistance was demonstrated by vaccinia virus or echovirus 14. Chemical and biological evidence is presented which indicates that filter paper discs are an unsuitable carrier material for a challenge organism in testing the efficiency of any formaldehyde sterilising process. Recommendations are made towards developing a satisfactory test procedure. PMID- 7047574 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobin in chronic renal failure and after renal transplantation. AB - Haemoglobin A1 (HbA1) was determined by ion-exchange chromatography in 37 normoglycaemic patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and 26 with successful renal transplants. Blood glucose concentrations in patients with CRF were similar to those in controls, and there was a significant correlation between fasting blood glucose concentration and HbA1 in these groups. HbA1 in patients with CRF was, however, significantly lower than that in control subjects. Concentrations of HbA1 in patients on haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and those with steady state CRF prior to dialysis were not significantly different from each other. Whereas patients with successful renal transplants of greater than 3 months' duration had HbA1 concentrations indistinguishable from controls, HbA1 in patients with transplants of shorter duration were significantly lower. These observations are suggestive of a shortened erythrocyte survival in CRF per se. Furthermore, these results indicate: (a) the inadequacy of HbA1 in monitoring the quality of diabetic control in patients with CRF, and (b) the absence of a specific effect of dialysis on HbA1, and the restoration to normal HbA1 after successful renal transplantation. PMID- 7047575 TI - Platelet inhibition with Ticlopidine in atherosclerotic intermittent claudication. AB - Fifty-one men with atherosclerotic intermittent claudication and haemorheological abnormalities completed a double-blind, one-year randomised trial of Ticlopidine (500 mg/day), a new antiplatelet agent. Ticlopidine caused significant inhibition of platelet aggregation but did not fully correct abnormalities of coagulation, viscosity, and fibrinolysis. There was no significant improvement in walking ability, Doppler ankle-pressure indices, or calf blood flow. Sustained platelet inhibition for 12 months was insufficient to correct the prothrombotic abnormality of extensive atherosclerosis. PMID- 7047576 TI - Reaction against liver cells by human antiactin antibodies purified by affinity chromatography. AB - Human antiactin antibodies were isolated from human smooth muscle antibodies by affinity chromatography using actin extracted from rabbit striated muscle and coupled to activated CH-Sepharose 4B. The eluate contained IgG and IgM smooth muscle antibodies reacting against muscularis mucosae of the stomach and blood vessels. Further the eluate contained IgM antibodies acting against the surface of isolated hepatocytes and the periphery of hepatocytes of sections of liver cells. These results indicate that antiactin antibodies possibly react with the hepatocyte membrane as has been described with regard to other antibodies. PMID- 7047577 TI - Sutureless gingival grafting. A simplified procedure. AB - Suturing a gingival graft is often the most time-consuming stage of the grafting procedure, especially in regions of difficult access. Previously, it has been suggested that a combination of adhesive cellophane and cyanoacrylate may be used to immobilize the graft without suturing. The technique presented here attempts to simplify further sutureless grafting with the following modifications: - Bandage tape is used instead of adhesive cellophane. - The tape is not placed on the teeth but on the attached gingiva on either side of the graft site. - The use of cyanoacrylate is discarded. The success of the procedure depends on complete haemostasis as any moisture will prevent the tape from adhering to the gingiva. Inherent advantages of sutureless grafting accomplished with the use of bandage tape are: - The graft lies flat on the recipient site and is kept under slight pressure by the tape. - Minimal blood clot is present between the graft and the recipient site. - The "wick" effect of the sutures is eliminated. - The chairside time is greatly reduced. - A shorter appointment and no sutures to remove imply less discomfort for the patient. The technique is contraindicated should the patient present an allergic background to bandage tape. PMID- 7047578 TI - Measurements of alveolar bone height at tooth and implant abutments on intraoral radiographs. A comparison of reproducibility of Eggen technique utilized with and without a bite impression. AB - A short review of various radiographic methods for quantitation of marginal bone changes is given. With the method suggested by Eggen (1973) alveolar bone heights on intraoral paralleling radiographs of tooth and implant abutments could be determined directly in "true' values. A calibrated measuring film (increments adjusted in accordance with the approximately constant magnification) was utilized with a magnifying (x 2) viewer. The reproducibility of this direct method was tested, with and without a bite impression, and found to be high. The use of an impression did not seem to have any significant influence on the reproducibility of the method when measuring bone heights at teeth. However, regarding bone height measurements at implants, the impression seemed to bring about a small but significant improvement. The main source of error seemed to be the recognition of the reference points in the alveolar bone. The discussion of available quantitation principles indicated that radiographic bone height should be evaluated in absolute values in clinical studies of comparative nature. The present method seems to be suitable for comparative, clinical examinations of alveolar bone height at teeth and implants. PMID- 7047579 TI - Effects of extended systemic and topical folate supplementation on gingivitis of pregnancy. AB - A former double-blind study evaluated the effect of a 14-day period of systemic and topical folate supplementation on gingival inflammation during pregnancy (Pack & Thomson 1980). The current experiment was similar to the earlier one except that supplementation was for 28 days during the eighth month only. Thirty women during their 32nd week of pregnancy were randomly divided into three equal groups. Control Group A received placebo mouthwash (MW) and placebo tablets; Group B received placebo MW and one 5 mg folate tablet daily; Group C received placebo tablets and rinsed with folate MW twice daily for 1 min. At the beginning and end of the experimental period, oral status was determined using a plaque index (PlI) and a gingival index (GI). Each subject furnished a 1-week diet record which was analysed for dietary folate. No differences in parameters existed between groups at the commencement of the study except for folate levels which were lower in Group B. Results confirmed the findings of the former experiment. Group C showed highly significant improvement in GI despite no significant changes in PlI (0.001 less than P less than 0.01), whilst in Group B, changes in gingival health were not statistically significant (0.05 less than P less than 0.10). No significant changes were demonstrated in Group A. Folate levels increased significantly in Groups B and C. Dietary folate was similar in all groups. PMID- 7047580 TI - Buprenorphine and morphine efficacy in postoperative pain: a double-blind multiple-dose study. AB - The analgesic activity of buprenorphine was monitored versus that of morphine in a double-blind, randomized, multiple-dose, parallel-design study involving 97 postsurgical patients. Patients could receive intramuscular injections of either buprenorphine (0.3, o.45, or 0.6 mg) or morphine (10, 15, or 20 mg) every 3 or more hours. Pain intensity, degree of sedation, vital signs, pain relief, and side effects were assessed prior to and at regular intervals after each drug injection. No statistically significant differences were found between the two drugs in total pain relief, sum of pain intensity difference by patient and over time, time to peak pain intensity difference, duration of pain, and side effects. It has been suggested that the addictive potential of buprenorphine may be less than that of morphine. Since both drugs seem to be effective analgesics, buprenorphine appears to offer an effective and safe alternative to morphine for patients with acute pain. PMID- 7047581 TI - Psychiatric effects of the anticonvulsant regimens. AB - The necessity for and efficacy of the anticonvulsant regimens are undisputed. However, inasmuch as epileptic patients are prone to psychiatric disorders, neurologists, psychiatrists, and others working with epileptic patients need to be aware of the role that anticonvulsant regimens may play in causing or exacerbating psychiatric disorders. Additionally, some of the anticonvulsants are thought to have potent positive psychotropic effects. The current literature on this important biopsychosocial topic is reviewed with the purpose of suggesting helpful clinical and research approaches to patients treated by such methods. PMID- 7047582 TI - Ontogeny of the leucine-enkephalin neuron system of the rat: immunohistochemical analysis. I. Lower brainstem. AB - Ontogeny of the leucine-enkephalin (L-Enk) neuron system in the lower brainstem of the rat was investigated by means of indirect immunofluorescence. L-Enk containing cells first appear in the primordium of the medullary reticular formation just medial to the n. tractus spinalis nerve trigemini at the level of the the rostral half of the inferior olivary nucleus, in the n. cuneiformis, and in the mesencephalic reticular formation of the fetus at gestational day 16 (14 15-mm embryos). From that time onward, L-Enk-containing cells appear in various areas of the lower brainstem one after another until birth. After birth, although L-Enk-containing cells decrease slightly in number as the rats grow, L-Enk containing fibers continue to increase in number. PMID- 7047583 TI - Immunohistochemical evidence of indolamine neurons in monkey spinal cord. AB - In this study, we have identified over 150 cells in the adult macaque spinal cord that are immunoreactive when stained with an antibody to 5-HT by means of the PAP method. The staining was blocked by preabsorption of the primary antibody by the 5-HT-BSA conjugate (used to generate the antibody) and by 5-HT, while BSA, dopamine, norepinephrine, 5-methoxytryptamine and tryptamine preabsorption did not block staining. In addition, the Falck-Hillarp histofluorescence technique was applied to the lumbosacral cord from one of the three monkeys studied; results confirm the presence of cells with yellow fluorescence and rapid fading to brown characteristic for serotoninergic cells. The neuronal identity of these immunoreactive cells is based on light and electron microscopic morphology and the presence of synaptic terminals in contact with labeled somata and dendrites. Most of these neurons were small (10-25 micrometers) and located ventral to the central canal in lamina X. Some processes of the cells extended into the intermediate gray and the ventromedial area of the ventral horn; other processes wrapped around large blood vessels in lamina X or around the wall of the central canal. Cells were most frequent in the cervical cord (approximately 6-7/mm length of cord) and less frequent in the thoracic (1.5/mm), lumbar (3/mm), and sacral (2/mm) cord. A few cells were also found in the marginal and gelatinosa regions of the dorsal horn of the sacral cord. Examination of sections from the medulla spinal cord junction (obex level) indicates that the spinal cells may be an extension of cell groups located near the raphe obscurus in the gray region around the IVth ventricle. The indolamine spinal cells may act as interneurons in spinal circuits, control spinal blood flow through vessel innervation, or play a role in CSF composition through central canal innervation. PMID- 7047584 TI - Antibodies to malignant catarrhal fever virus in sheep sera. PMID- 7047585 TI - Demonstration of OKT 6-reactive cells in mycosis fungoides. AB - Infiltrates of five cases of mycosis fungoides (MF) were studied for the presence of cells reactive with a monoclonal antibody, OKT 6, which detects an antigen present on relatively immature thymocytes and Langerhans cells. In situ immunohistochemical staining was used for their demonstration. OKT 6-reactive cells formed a definite component of the dermal infiltrates of all patients examined. In three patients who showed numerous Pautrier microabscesses on routine histologic examination, OKT 6-positive cells were found to form a component of these abscesses. OKT 6-reactive cells have also recently been shown to be present in varying numbers in the dermal infiltrates of large plaque (atrophic) parapsoriasis (LPAP), a condition which may terminate in MF. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7047586 TI - In situ immunologic phenotyping of mycosis fungoides. AB - In situ immunologic phenotyping of the cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates of five cases of mycosis fungoides (MF) was performed. This was done by the immunoperoxidase technic using monoclonal antibodies directed against normally expressed by mature peripheral T cells and T cells subsets. A significant proportion of the infiltrates reacted with peripheral T cell antibodies. In addition, "helper" predominance was demonstrated. However, cells reacting positively with "suppressor" antibodies were also demonstrated in three cases, indicating immunologic heterogeneity of the infiltrates. The presence of a significant component of the infiltrates yielding an equivocal or negative reaction with the mature T cell antibodies, especially in the infiltrates of one case which had a fatal outcome, suggests further heterogeneity with the presence of immature cells. Future investigation with monoclonal antibodies directed against immature T cell differentiation antigens will be of interest. PMID- 7047587 TI - Neonatal pemphigus vulgaris. PMID- 7047588 TI - De mortuis nil nisi bonum. PMID- 7047589 TI - Bactericidal activity and chemotaxis in pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid. AB - Host defense mechanisms were studied in six patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and six patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP). Polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte killing of Staphylococcus organisms was evaluated, and chemotaxis of PMN and mononuclear (MN) leukocytes in patients was compared with that in twenty age- and sex-matched controls. All patients had extensive widespread disease with the clinical diagnosis confirmed by immunopathologic studies. No statistically significant differences were observed in the PMN leukocyte bactericidal activity between PV patients and controls. In BP patients, PMN leukocyte bactericidal activity was very slightly reduced when normal cells and patient serum were used, but activity was normal when patient cells and patient serum were used. PMN leukocyte chemotaxis was normal in PV and BP patients. MN leukocyte chemotaxis was normal in PV patients and increased in BP patients when compared with that in controls. This study indicated that in spite of very severe and extensive disease, patients with PV and BP have intact neutrophil and monocyte functions. Drugs that compromise the patient's ability to fight infections should be used cautiously and judiciously. PMID- 7047590 TI - Beatrice Maher Kesten (1898-1981). PMID- 7047591 TI - Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism during topical steroid therapy: assessment of systemic effects by metabolic criteria. AB - Systemic absorption of topically applied glucocorticoids in quantities sufficient to replace endogenous production is not uncommon. However, iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome resulting from the use of topical corticosteroids is very rare. Thus the possibility that systemic absorption may cause hyperglucocorticism has been deemphasized and examined only sporadically. We have studied changes in carbohydrate metabolism induced by topical glucocorticoids in a psoriatic patient who had developed Cushing's syndrome from topical desoximetasone (Topicort). The results indicated that (1) fasting hyperglycemia and increased insulin-glucose ratios could be induced within 24 hours of administration of topical glucocorticoids, (2) insulin resistance accompanied abnormal carbohydrate tolerance, and (3) fluctuations in circulating leukocytes paralleled the changes in carbohydrate metabolism. The findings suggest that metabolic indexes of glucocorticoid action action may provide useful parameters for assessing systemic absorption of topical glucocorticoids. glucose relationship as one such index to assess the risk of treatment of extensive chronic skin disease with potent topical glucocorticoids. PMID- 7047592 TI - Treatment of recurrent bullous eruption of the hand and feet (Weber-Cockayne disease) with topical aluminum chloride. PMID- 7047593 TI - Bullous pemphigoid. PMID- 7047594 TI - The circumstances of the missing biographer or why Watson didn't narrate these four Sherlock Holmes stories. AB - The author provides arguments to explain why four of Arthur Conan Doyle's sixty stories about Sherlock Holmes were not narrated by Dr. Watson. The arguments relate to logical demands of the plot in the cases of the two stories told by an unidentified narrator. The two told by Holmes seem to demand Watson's absence because the final elucidation requires skill in cutaneous diagnosis; the presence of a medical man would have, or should have, relieved the dramatic tension of the mystery too soon. The Sherlock Holmes stories can provide delightful diversion as well as serve constantly to enhance our appreciation for highly alert and careful physical examination. PMID- 7047595 TI - Adrian M. Johnson. PMID- 7047596 TI - Dermatoses of pregnancy. AB - Pregnancy is a period of profound endocrine and metabolic changes which are tolerated by the body for a relatively short time. During gestation both physiologic and pathologic changes can occur in the skin, nails, and hair shafts which should be recognized and appropriately managed by the dermatologist. These changes can conveniently be placed into five broad categories: (1) physiologic changes in skin and appendages caused principally by the hormonal milieu, (2) cutaneous tumors affected by pregnancy, (3) diseases specifically associated with pregnancy, (4) genital infections of perinatal importance, and (5) other dermatologic diseases influenced by pregnancy. A discussion of each of these topics reveals the vast spectrum of dermatologic disease seen in pregnancy and underscores the important role of the dermatologist in the care of pregnant patients. PMID- 7047597 TI - Natural history of extraperitoneal gas after renal transplantation: CT demonstration. AB - The natural history of extraperitoneal gas present in the operative bed was prospectively evaluated with serial computed tomography in 25 renal transplant patients. While 73% (11/15) of patients studied within the first 4 days after drain removal had residual gas in the operative bed, 90% (9/10) of patients examined after the 5th day had no demonstrable gas in the peritransplant area. Of 12 patients with gas present on the initial scans, follow-up studies documented resolution of the gas in 10 with subsequent benign clinical courses. In the remaining two patients, the gas collections increased in volume on serial examinations followed shortly by wound dehiscence. Our data suggest that gas present later than 1 week following drain removal should prompt careful scrutiny and that an increase in the volume of gas collections on serial studies must be considered pathologic. The incidence and significance of peritransplant fluid collections in these patients are also discussed. PMID- 7047598 TI - In situ identification and enumeration of helper T lymphocytes in cutaneous malignant lymphomas by dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV). PMID- 7047599 TI - The nature of melanoma. A critical review. AB - The main object of this review was to examine the various histogenetic types of melanoma in order to determine their nature. Nodular melanoma and superficial spreading melanoma differ in the more rapid growth of the former. For tumors of equal depth of invasion in patients of the same sex, the prognoses are similar. Clinical features with prognostic significance are sex, age, and site of the lesion. Women have a decided superiority in survival up to the age of about 50 years when their superiority declines. Survival rates for men also decline after the age of 50 years but to a lesser degree. Melanomas of the extremities have a better prognosis than melanomas of the axial regions. The histological feature of most prognostic significance is depth of invasion (thickness). Ulceration is partly bound to thickness of the lesion, but has an augmentative effect of its own which is related to rate of growth. Thin lesions with or without regression are often associated with metastases. Melanomas arising in Hutchinson's melanotic freckle have a better prognosis than nodular or superficial spreading melanoma but there has not been any series large enough for definitive markers with prognostic significance to be determined. A similar state pertains in palmar, plantar and subungual melanomas. The initial surgical approach in nodular and superficial melanoma should be based upon the thickness of the tumour, site of the tumour, and sex of the patient. The current classification of malignant melanoma is unsatisfactory. Melanoma arising in Hutchinson's melanotic freckle seems to be a distinct entity. Melanomas of other histogenetic types would be best classified according to site. PMID- 7047600 TI - Electrical conductivity of milk for detection of mastitis. AB - The potential value of electrical conductivity of milk as a screening test for subclinical mastitis was evaluated. Conductivity of foremilk and of postmilking strippings from 368 quarters of 92 cows was measured. Infection status of quarters was determined by bacteriological analysis of strict foremilk samples. Infections were classified as by primary or secondary pathogens, depending on the importance of the isolated organism as a mastitis pathogen. Somatic cells were counted on foremilk samples. Milk conductivity increased with infection. Conductivity of postmilking strippings was higher than that of foremilk in samples from quarters infected by primary pathogens. By thresholds which correctly classified at least 90% of normal quarters, accuracy of identifying primary pathogen infections by absolute conductivity was 62.8 and 96.2% with foremilk and postmilking strippings. Differential conductivity and combination of absolute and differential methods also were evaluated with the latter being the most effective. Number of quarters with elevated conductivity of postmilking strippings tended to be higher when somatic cell count was greater than 500,000/ml in both normal and infected groups. Conductivity of milk seems to hold promise as an indicator of subclinical mastitis. PMID- 7047601 TI - Comparative treatment strategies and their interaction with locus of control in the reduction of postsurgical pain and anxiety. PMID- 7047602 TI - Basic study on experimental rat caries. Serial observations of caries incidence and bacterial variation on rat molars in short-term experimental caries. PMID- 7047603 TI - Rapid application of split-thickness skin grafts. PMID- 7047604 TI - Ultrastructural observations of fungal elements in a Trichosporon cutaneum infection of the skin. PMID- 7047605 TI - Chemoimmunotherapy for disseminated malignant melanoma with DTIC, ACNU, VCR and OK432. Case presentation of two complete and one partial reponse out of fifteen attempts. PMID- 7047606 TI - Clq-binding substances in pemphigus. PMID- 7047607 TI - Penetration of topical corticosteroids through human epidermis. PMID- 7047608 TI - Sympathetic ganglion block therapy for herpes zoster. PMID- 7047609 TI - Intraepidermal free nerve endings relating to epidermal melanocytes in spotted guinea pigs. A statistical and electron microscopic study. PMID- 7047610 TI - Analysis of the lipids from the contents of an epidermal cyst. PMID- 7047611 TI - Tick bites: a study using scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 7047612 TI - The presidents, Charles C. Chittenden, 1903-1904. PMID- 7047613 TI - Preparation of space for posting: effect on thickness of canal walls and incidence of perforation in molars. AB - A total of 150 extracted maxillary and mandibular molars separated into six groups of 25 teeth each were prepared to the size of a 30 endodontic file. Numbers 2, 3, and 4 Peeso drills were used to produce a post cavity preparation in the root canals of these teeth. After use of each size of Peeso drill, the thickness of the canal walls was measured at two levels: the middle level, 4 mm from the canal orifice; and the apical level, 7 mm from the canal orifice. Mean thickness of all walls was determined for each tooth and drill size. The incidence of root perforations and strippings was recorded also. We found that distal roots of mandibular molars and palatal roots of maxillary molars are best suited for post cavity preparation. Most perforations and strippings occurred on the distal walls of mesial roots of mandibular molars or on the proximal walls of the buccal roots of maxillary molars. PMID- 7047614 TI - Dental lamination: clinical problems and solutions. AB - Several complications associated with the use of dental laminates have been described. Most of the problems involve marginal discoloration, bonding, and retention. These difficulties can be addressed by proper construction of the laminates, prevention of salivary contamination, and meticulous attention to bonding procedures. Additional parameters involving occlusion, orthodontic appliances, and dietary habits can also contribute to the clinical complications with dental laminates. PMID- 7047615 TI - Reinforcement of nonvital crowned teeth. PMID- 7047616 TI - Dentistry on stamps. PMID- 7047617 TI - The best of American dentistry. PMID- 7047618 TI - Behavioral effects of carbidopa/levodopa in hyperactive boys. PMID- 7047619 TI - Methylphenidate and diazepam in severe reading retardation. PMID- 7047620 TI - In memoriam Leo Kanner, M.D. June 13, 1894--April 4, 1981. PMID- 7047621 TI - The Canadian Academy of Child Psychiatry. The development of child psychiatry in Canada. PMID- 7047622 TI - Adapting to retirement. PMID- 7047624 TI - Women MDs in America: 100 years of progress and backlash. PMID- 7047623 TI - The value of human tissue in studies of aging. PMID- 7047625 TI - Report from Japan. PMID- 7047626 TI - The oculocardiac reflex: a review. AB - The oculocardiac reflex (OCR), which may result from traction or pressure on the globe, orbital contents, or extra ocular muscles, has been associated with cardiac arrests during ocular surgery. The pathways for this reflex have been established and several preventive methods including retrobulbar block and intravenous injection of atropine have been developed. These procedures, combined with recent advances in anesthesia, may have reduced the occurrence of fatal cardiac arrests caused by the elicitation of the reflex during ocular surgery, however, for numerous reasons, the reflex remains of optometric interest. PMID- 7047627 TI - A brief survey of osteoarthritis outside of modern human populations. PMID- 7047628 TI - Diabetic wound healing and the case for supplemental treatment with topical insulin. PMID- 7047629 TI - A literary review of calcaneal osteotomies in the treatment of valgus deformities. PMID- 7047630 TI - The podiatric history and physical examination as an effective diagnostic tool. PMID- 7047631 TI - Contact dermatitis as a surgical complication. PMID- 7047632 TI - Effects of thyroid function on submaxillary gland sensitivity to autonomic nervous drugs. AB - The effect of changes in thyroid function on the action of autonomic drugs upon the secretion of saliva by the submaxillary glands was studied in male Wistar rats. Hyperthyroidism was induced by the sc administration every 12 h of 10 micrograms/100 g bw of L-triiodothyronine; hypothyroidism was induced by surgical thyroidectomy 2 weeks before the experiments. The dose-response curves to increasing doses of isoprenaline, norepinephrine or methacholine showed in hyperthyroid animals increased salivary secretion, while in hypothyroid animals the dose-response to the drug was reduced. The threshold dose for isoprenaline was reduced in hyperthyroid animals and increased in hypothyroid ones. The threshold dose for norepinephrine did not change in hyperthyroid or hypothyroid animals while that for metacholine was decreased in hyperthyroid ones. When norepinephrine was given to alpha-blocked animals (with phentolamine) the difference in the dose-response curves between hyperthyroid and control animals was increased. But when norepinephrine was given to beta-blocked animals (with propranolol) the difference between the dose-response curves of hyperthyroid and control animals disappeared. The results above presented show that the sensitivity of the submaxillary salivary glands of rats to some adrenergic and cholinergic drugs was altered by the thyroid hormone. The effect was greater in the responses mediated by beta receptors. The structural changes in these glands may have some role in these effects. PMID- 7047633 TI - Calcium antagonists and hormone release. IV. The role of calcium in glucose stimulated early phase insulin release in vivo. AB - Extensive in vitro studies have demonstrated that an increase in the concentration of Ca2+ in the cytosol of the beta-cell of islets of Langherhans is essential for the glucose-stimulated insulin release. However, there are controversies as to whether both phases of insulin release are equally dependent upon glucose-stimulated uptake of extracellular calcium. Previous studies performed in vivo, have demonstrated an inhibitory effect of verapamil, an organic antagonist of calcium transport into cells, on the release of insulin induced by an oral glucose load. The present study was designed to investigate whether calcium antagonists are capable of inhibiting the rapid release of insulin that follows the iv infusion of glucose. Verapamil, infused into normal subjects for different periods of time before the iv administration of glucose was ineffective in inhibiting the rapid release of insulin, even when it was infused for 1 h before the glucose stimulus was applied. The present results obtained in vivo confirm some previous in vitro data showing that the first phase insulin release is not inhibited by calcium antagonist, agents known to block the uptake of calcium from extracellular sources. PMID- 7047635 TI - Temporal patterns of serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone and endocrine response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in aging male rats. AB - Temporal patterns of serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration and responsiveness to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) were measured in young (2 to 3 months), middle-aged (12 to 13 months), and aged (22 to 26 months) male rats. Average testosterone and LH concentrations, as well as individual sample variations, were higher in young than in middle-aged and aged rats and higher in middle-aged than in aged groups. In addition, the young group showed a diurnal pattern of serum testosterone concentration and greater ranges of LH and testosterone concentrations in individual blood samples. Young male rats showed greater increases in serum LH and testosterone than middle-aged and aged groups after intravenous LHRH, 1 and 5 ng/g of body weight. These data indicate that LH and testosterone secretion are progressively reduced in the aged male rat and suggest alterations in neuroendocrine control of pituitary gonadotropin secretion as the most important alteration in the gonadal control system in these animals. PMID- 7047634 TI - Effect of serotonin on plasma aldosterone in man. PMID- 7047636 TI - Cytogenetics of the South American akodont rodents (Cricetidae). IX. Chiasmatic sex bivalent in male meiosis of Akodon mollis. AB - Akodon mollis (Rodentia, Cricetidae) has a large subterminal Y chromosome measuring 5.24 percent of the haploid set. The long arm of the Y has a pattern of homology with the short arm of the X, as indicated by the similar distribution of G bands and by the formation of a chiasma in diakinesis and metaphase I of teste cells. Conversely, the short arm of the Y and the long arm of the X are nonhomologous and do not pair at meiosis. PMID- 7047637 TI - Use of serial 1-2 micrometer paraffin sections in neuropeptide immunocytochemistry for sequential analysis of different substances contained within the same neurons. AB - The preparation of serial 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 micrometer paraffin sections is described. The sections are cut from paraffin blocks with surface areas of up to 5 mm x 10 mm, using glass knives and a Jung Autocut microtome. Large numbers of serial sections can easily be prepared and stained by immunohistochemistry for sequential analysis. These sections are useful for demonstrating several different substances contained within the same neurons or for detailed topographical comparison of neurons that contain different substances within the same nucleus. PMID- 7047638 TI - Detection of immunoglobulin A by immunofluorescence in glycol methacrylate embedded human colon. AB - Several methods to demonstrate human immunoglobulin (Ig) A in glycol methacrylate (GMA)-embedded colon are explored. Following routine fixation in neutral buffered formalin, the tissue was dehydrated and embedded in GMA. Two-micron thick sections were heat-fixed (70 to 80 degrees C) to glass slides and then soaked in either xylene or acetone to etch the GMA. Following rehydration of the sections in serial alcohols and water, tissues were treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and/or a variety of enzymes (trypsin, protease V, protease VI, pepsin, and papain) for varying periods of time. After an overnight soak in PBS the tissues were stained with fluorescein-conjugated anti-human IgA and then rinsed with PBS. This technique demonstrated excellent fluorescence of the IgA-containing plasma cells and of the discrete IgA-containing vesicles normally found in the surface epithelial cells of colon. Results were best with tissues etched with xylene and digested with 0.25 mg/ml protease V in PBS, pH 7.4, for 2 hr at 37 degrees C, followed by an overnight soak in PBS. Almost no fluorescence was seen in sections not digested with enzymes. The present method offers a simple convenient technique to perform immunofluorescence for immunoglobulin antigens on GMA embedded tissue. PMID- 7047639 TI - Using miniature osmotic infusion pumps to maintain tritiated thymidine exposure to cells in culture. AB - To provide a constant level of tracer doses of tritiated thymidine to cultured cells during continuous infusion, miniature osmotic infusion pumps were used to provide replacement thymidine. By determining the loss of isotope from the media during nonreplacement, the rate of constant infusion replacement to maintain thymidine levels was calculated. The replacement rates were similar for the three cell lines examined and allowed a standard osmotic pump infusion. PMID- 7047640 TI - Immunostaining of human syncytiotrophoblast with anti-beta-lipotropin: an illustration of the limitations of immunocytochemistry. PMID- 7047641 TI - A comparisoin of the R25 modification of Rappaport s enrichment medium with strontium chloride B for salmonella isolation from sewage polluted natural water. AB - The relation of salmonella isolation efficiency and the size of inoculum introduced from a buffered peptone water culture of sewage polluted water into strontium chloride B medium was investigated. Two separate studies were made, one using enrichment at 37 degrees C, the other at 43 degrees C. From these trials, two inocula suitable for efficient salmonella isolation were determined. Using this information, strontium chloride B medium was compared with modified Rappaport's broth (R25). The inoculum used with R25 was 0.005 ml, determined in an earlier study. Two incubation temperatures were employed with strontium chloride enrichment (37 and 43 degrees C). Rappaport's medium was incubated at 37 degrees C only. Elevated temperature enrichment at 43 degrees C improved the performance of strontium chloride B, but Rappaport's broth still gave significantly better results. This supports earlier studies on simplification of salmonella isolation and standardization of routine technique on a single enrichment medium: Rappaport broth (R25) incubated at 37 degrees C. PMID- 7047642 TI - An investigation into the properties of klebsiella strains isolated from ankylosing spondylitis patients. AB - Thirty-nine strains of klebsiella isolated from ankylosing spondylitis patients were examined by the methods of Cowan & Steel (1974), those described by Edmondson et al. (1980) and by capsular typing. No significant difference was detected by any of these methods between these strains and those examined by other workers from non-ankylosing spondylitis patients and other environments. PMID- 7047644 TI - Double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent microassay for quantification of collagen types I and II. AB - Specific quantification of collagen types I and II by sandwich ELISA or double sandwich ELISA is described. Specific anticollagen antibodies are linked to polystyrene microplates. The collagen to be measured binds to the coating antibodies. Collagen type-specific second antibodies react with the immobilized antigen. The second antibodies are either labeled with peroxidase or are detected by anti-IgG antibodies conjugated with peroxidase. Bound peroxidase is estimated by the color reaction produced with the substrate 5-aminosalicylic acid. Optimization of the test procedure was achieved by varying the conditions for coating, antigen and second antibody incubations. Sensitivity, precision, specificity and recovery of the method have been analyzed. The assay is compared with inhibition ELISA and hydroxyproline determination. PMID- 7047643 TI - Flow cytometry as an analytical and preparative tool in immunology. PMID- 7047645 TI - Differential immunofluorescent staining of polymorphonuclear leucocytes for discriminating between surface bound and internalised immunoglobulin. AB - Discrimination between immunoglobulin on the surface of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and immunoglobulin internalised as a result of phagocytosis has been achieved by direct immunofluorescent staining with fluorescein and rhodamine antiglobulin conjugates of identical specificity applied sequentially to live cells in suspension and after fixation on microscope slides. Surface bound antigen is recognised by double staining whereas internalised material is stained only by the conjugate applied to the fixed preparation. This differential staining procedure was evaluated in a model system in which normal PMNs were exposed to small (less than 20 s) and large (greater than 90 s) aggregates of human IgG. PMID- 7047646 TI - Density gradient purification of human lymphocytes from contaminating trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Mixtures of normal human lymphocytes and T. cruzi trypomastigotes obtained from infected mice were centrifuged over Ficoll-Hypaque (FH) continuous and discontinuous gradients. Trypomastigotes were confined to the range 1.051-1.057 g/ml while lymphocytes ranged between 1.046 and 1.080 g/ml. Over 80% of the lymphocytes were found at 1.060 g/ml or higher densities. A discontinuous gradient of FH with 2 layers of 1.060 and 1.077 g/ml of density respectively was selected to obtain trypomastigotes-free white blood cells from blood samples. The functional capacity of lymphocytes recovered from the lower interface, where no parasites were found, was assessed. The response to phytohaemagglutinin of these high density lymphocytes was as good as to total lymphocytes, suggesting that low density lymphocytes are not necessary for proliferative responses. It is postulated that high density lymphoid populations, free from T. cruzi forms, may be used to study the presence of T cell-mediated immune response in Chagas' disease patients. PMID- 7047647 TI - Management of adult osteomyelitis. PMID- 7047648 TI - Custom temporary crowns: a preventive approach to fabrication. PMID- 7047649 TI - [Prophylactic antibiotic therapy in endoscopic resection of the prostate. Randomized study of 47 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors investigated the effect of giving a single injection of the antibiotic gentamycin one hour before endoscopic resection of the prostate, by random case selection in a group of 47 cases. The untreated and the treated cases were considered quite comparable. The presence of bacteriurea greater than 10(5) per ml during the first 15 postoperative days was significantly greater in the untreated group than in the preoperatively treated group. The results showed 44% for the untreated group and 14% for the treated group. After 15 days the results were identical for the two groups. PMID- 7047650 TI - [Retroperitoneal gas formation. Pathognomonic sign of perinephric abscess (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047651 TI - Antibodies to human epidermal cytoplasmic antigens: incidence, patterns, and titers. AB - Serum or plasma specimens were assayed in indirect immunfluorescence tests on cryostat sections of normal human skin for the presence and titer of antibodies reactive with human epidermal cytoplasmic antigens. A polyvalent fluorescein labeled goat anti-human immunoglobulin antiserum was used in all tests. Three distinct staining patterns were noted: upper epidermal cytoplasmic fluorescence, U-CYT, produced by antibodies reactive with antigen present in cells of the upper and middle layers of the epidermis; general cytoplasmic fluorescence, G-CYT, produced by antibodies reactive with antigens present in cells throughout the epidermis; and basal cell cytoplasmic fluorescence, BCL, produced by antibodies reactive with components present only in basal cells. Sera from 8% of 52 normal blood donors produced the U-CYT pattern at dilutions greater than 1:10. The incidence of antibodies reactive with epidermal cytoplasmic antigens in patients with a clinical history of not more than 2 basal cell carcinomas of the skin was 5%, compared to an incidence of 89% in those individuals with 3 or more separate instances of skin neoplasms. There was no difference in the frequency with which cryosurgery was used in the treatment of skin neoplasms in either of these 2 groups. Antibodies to epidermal cytoplasmic antigens were also detected in 10% of patients with nondermatologic, nonpulmonary neoplasms, in 43% of patients with pulmonary neoplasms and in 1 of 11 patient with nonneoplastic diseases. Positive sera yielded titers ranging from 1:16 to 1:1024. The most common staining patterns noted in all of these cases were the U-CYT and G-CYT patterns; the BCL staining pattern was noted in only one instance. PMID- 7047652 TI - In vitro complement-binding on cytoplasmic structures in normal human skin: I. Immunofluorescence studies. PMID- 7047653 TI - Chronic T. mentagrophytes dermatophytosis of guinea pig skin grafts on nude mice. PMID- 7047654 TI - [Effects of prostaglandin I2 infusion during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047655 TI - [Interaction of steroid-receptor complexes with nuclear chromatin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047656 TI - [The alternative pathway of complement. A host defense system to microbial infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047657 TI - [Use of Biotin-Avidin system and monoclonal antibody for highly sensitive quantitative assay of hCG]. PMID- 7047658 TI - [Resistance factors for periodontal disease. II. Immunological natures of peripheral lymphocytes sensitized with Actinomyces (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047659 TI - [Histological and biological study on the surface of tooth root involving in periodontal disease and their improvement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047660 TI - Localized hyperthermia in the treatment of cancer. PMID- 7047661 TI - Eugene H. Conner, M.D., KMA historian. PMID- 7047662 TI - Hepatic triacylglycerol lipase activities after induction of diabetes and administration of insulin or glucagon. AB - Triacylglycerol lipase activities of homogenates and subcellular fractions of rat liver were measured under optimal conditions at pH 7.5 using emulsified tri[1 14C]oleoylglycerol as substrate. Twenty-four hr after administration of streptozotocin, hepatic alkaline lipase activity was 39% of normal, and this lower level of activity was observed at 72 hr and 7 days, after streptozotocin injection. After 24 hr of starvation, lipase activity also was significantly lower (35%) than normal. Insulin (35 U regular/kg body weight) had no acute (90 min) effect on the hepatic lipase activity of either normal or diabetic rats. Chronic insulin administration (4 subcutaneous injections of 10 U protamine zinc insulin/kg at 16-hr intervals) to normal rats provoked a 40% increase in hepatic lipase activity. Diabetic rats given the same insulin treatment showed lipase activity that was significantly higher (155%) than normal. Lipase activity fell to 65% of normal when insulin was withheld (32 hr) from diabetic rats given chronic insulin therapy. Intracardial injection of glucagon (1 mg/kg) into normal rats had no acute (30 min) effect on hepatic alkaline lipase activity. Hepatic alkaline lipase activity varied independently from the concentrations of either glucose or triacylglycerol in the plasma. However, there was an apparent negative correlation between this lipase activity and the concentration of fatty acids in the plasma; lipase activity was highest when fatty acid concentrations were lowest, and lowest when fatty acid concentrations were elevated. From these data we conclude: 1) changes in hepatic alkaline lipase activity ware provoked by chronic, but not acute, alteration of the hormonal and metabolic status of the rat, and 2) changes in hepatic alkaline lipase activity may be mediated through changes in the levels of circulating fatty acids presented to the liver, but the effect is not an immediate one. PMID- 7047663 TI - Experimental investigations into the clinical significance of bone growth at viscerocranial sutures. AB - The development of a viscerocranial suture under physiological conditions was investigated in a total of 37 pigs and the effects of various traumas on expected sutural bone growth were observed. Different operations were carried out on one side only in the vicinity of the zygomaticotemporal suture in 18-25 day old piglets. The animals were sacrificed six months after the operation. The skulls of some of the animals were macerated and subjected to macroscopic and radiological investigation. Both zygomatic arches were removed from each of the remaining animals and used for the production of undecalcified microtome and ground sections. Intravital fluorochrome labelling was used to determine the asymmetric growth at this suture; this is interpreted as being the formation of new bone following passive expansion of the sutural region. After injury or transplantation of the periosteum and after the healing of a narrow bone defect or fracture we observed either a continuous suture from the outset or the formation of a new fissure after osseous regeneration. Similar findings were also made after the transplantation of compact rib fragments into a sutural defect without subsequent bridging of the defect. Only after the transplantation of autologous pieces of cancellous rib into an osseous defect in the sutural region was sutural ossification, accompanied by distinct deformation of the skull observed. As a clinical consequence of this it may be presumed that trauma or operation in the region of a suture has a considerable effect on the growth of the visceral cranium only if it results in premature synostosis. PMID- 7047664 TI - The surgical treatment of vascular tumours of the face. AB - On the basis of 650 vascular tumours of the face treated in the Hospital of Plastic Surgery in Polanica Zdroj, the authors discuss the various methods of surgery evolved during the 30 years of Centre activity. Special attention has been paid to the management of the more difficult lympho- and haemangiomas such as cavernous, hypertrophic and expansive, or progressive forms. Numerous examples of treatment are presented. PMID- 7047665 TI - Identification of beta-cell-trophin, a peptide of the pituitary pars intermedia which stimulates insulin secretion in plasma from genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. AB - The influence of plasma from genetically obese (ob/ob) and lean (+/+) mice on insulin secretion has been studied by perifusion of collagenase-prepared pancreatic islets maintained for 48 h in culture. Insulin secretion was measured at 2-min intervals and plasma from the ob/ob mice not from the +/+ mice rapidly stimulated insulin release, reaching a maximum in 2-4 min and falling to basal levels in about 10 min. Experimental evidence is given indicating that the plasma insulin secretagogue is identical to beta-cell-trophin, a peptide of the pituitary pars intermedia which stimulates insulin secretion. The evidence is based on (1) the antigenic properties of the peptides (both cross-react with a COOH terminal ACTH antiserum raised to the 17-39 moiety of ACTH), (2) identical chromatographic separation on Biogel columns and on reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography and (3) the similarity of their insulin releasing action from perifused islets. PMID- 7047666 TI - Goitrogen-induced thyroid growth in the rat: a quantitative morphometric study. PMID- 7047667 TI - Renal transplantation in hamsters. AB - Hamsters have never before been used for experimental kidney transplantation. An original anesthetic and microsurgical protocol is presented for renal transplantation in hamsters based on a series of 152 orthotopic renal transplantations. This operation is performed with the animal under general anesthesia of acepromazine and sodium thiopental. A left nephrectomy is followed by left renal orthotopic transplantation. The transplantation is performed in the following order: anastomosis of the renal artery and aorta, anastomosis of the renal vein to the inferior vena cava, and implantation of the ureter in the bladder. The survival rate after contralateral nephrectomy was 71 % in 45 female hamsters. Male hamsters should not be used because of a high risk of severe periureteral stenosis caused by fibrosis secondary to necessary dissection of the large seminal vesicles. The prevention of hypothermia in hamsters is mandatory. PMID- 7047668 TI - Experience with free composite tissue transplantation based on the deep circumflex iliac vessels. AB - Eight free iliac osteocutaneous flaps and three vascularized iliac bone grafts based on the deep circumflex iliac vessels were transferred in 11 cases of large skin and bone or bone defects. Seven of the eight osteocutaneous flaps took successfully. The eighth demonstrated partial necrosis. There was complete bone union in ten cases, and no union in one case as a result of persistent infection. Based on this experience, we concluded that free osteocutaneous flaps based on the deep circumflex iliac vessels have the following advantages over free osteocutaneous flaps based on the superficial circumflex iliac vessels: the pedicle is long (5 to 7 cm); the nutrient vessels are large (artery: 2.2 mm; vein: 2.5 mm); the anatomic course of the vessels is constant; and there is a large amount of bone available. PMID- 7047669 TI - Comparison of end-to-end and telescoped arterial anastomoses in renal transplantation in rats. PMID- 7047670 TI - Gain/loss of poly(Glu50Tyr50)/poly(Glu60Ala30Tyr10) responsiveness in the bm12 mutant strain. AB - The development of inbred strains of mutant mice has proven useful in ascribing specific gene functions to particular genetic loci within the regions and subregions of the H-2 complex. The B6.C-H-2bm12 (bm12) strain is of particular interest in that, compared to parental C57Bl/6Kh (B6) mice, it bears a presumptive single gene mutation altering the Ab beta chain encoded by the I-A subregion. Our data show that bm12 mice have gained the ability to respond to poly(Glu50Tyr50)(GT) and have lost the ability to make plaque-forming cell or delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to the closely related copolymer, poly(Glu60Ala30Tyr10)(GAT), although retaining the ability to mount a GAT specific T cell proliferative response. This is in sharp contrast to the parental B6 strain, which is a GT nonresponder and a GAT responder. Thus, this study is the first to report the establishment of responder status as a consequence of mutation. Possible mechanisms accounting for the gain/loss of GT/GAT responsiveness in the context of a two-step helper T cell model are discussed. PMID- 7047671 TI - Thymic hormone-containing cells. Characterization and localization of serum thymic factor in young mouse thymus studied by monoclonal antibodies. AB - The characterization and distribution of cells containing the serum thymic factor (FTS) in the thymus of young mice was studied by immunofluorescence using monoclonal anti-FTS antibodies. FTS+ cells were distributed throughout the thymic parenchyma but were more frequent in the medullary region than in the cortex. FTS containing cells presented a stellate or globular aspect, and some of them exhibited fluorescent cytoplasmic granules. The epithelial nature of FTS+ cells was confirmed by double-labeling experiments using an anti-keratin antiserum (as an epithelial cell marker). Nevertheless, only a minority of keratin-positive epithelial reticular cells contained FTS. All controls, including the incubation of sections from nonthymic tissues with the anti-FTS antibodies, were negative. Taken together, these results confirm the exclusive localization of FTS containing cells within the mouse thymus. PMID- 7047672 TI - Fibronectin is produced by blood vessels in response to injury. AB - During the time of tissue repair that ensues subsequent to tissue injury, blood vessel wall fibronectin increases concomitantly with endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis. However, the source of this blood vessel fibronectin had not been delineated. In this report we have demonstrated that microvascular fibronectin is produced in situ by the proliferating vessels surrounding excisional wounds. This finding was established by extirpating 3 mm of skin from the center of a well-healed rat xenograph on the flanks of immunosuppressed mice, harvesting the injured skin sites at various stages during the healing process, and staining the specimens with reciprocal species-specific anti-fibronectin. The proliferating donor vessels that surrounded the wounded graft had increased fluorescence staining with FITC conjugated mouse anti-rat fibronectin and no staining with rat anti-mouse fibronectin. This finding was taken as direct evidence that the fibronectin was produced in situ by the rat vessels and not derived from circulating mouse plasma. PMID- 7047673 TI - Inducible expression of insulin receptors on T lymphocyte clones. AB - This study demonstrates that the insulin receptors are expressed on the surface of some T cell clones after specific antigenic stimulation. The insulin receptors on these lymphocytes are physicochemically similar to insulin receptors present on cells which express the receptors constitutively (adipocytes, hepatocytes, etc.). The kinetics of expression of insulin receptors on cloned, noncytotoxic T cells after specific antigenic stimulation closely parallels that of [3H]thymidine incorporation in such cultures. PMID- 7047675 TI - Detecting deception: the promise and the reality of voice stress analysis. AB - Within the past decade a number of so-called voice stress analyzers have been marketed for law enforcement and forensic science purposes. These devices are said to extract from the vocal spectrum a subaudible microtremor signal that is useful in detecting stress in a speaker's voice; thus, it is claimed these devices have great utility as lie detectors and are as accurate as the traditional polygraph instrument. A review of the evidence now accumulated about these devices shows that the evidence for the existence of a microtremor in the voice is problematic and that the capability of these devices in detecting stress is equally questionable. Without exception, however, the scientific evidence reported to date shows that voice stress analyzers are not effective in detecting deception; none of these devices has yet been shown to yield detection rates above chance levels in controlled situations. A brief comparison of voice stress analysis and polygraphic testing as methods of lie detection is made. PMID- 7047674 TI - A computerized assessment program for forensic science evaluations: a preliminary report. AB - The development of the innovative use of an on-line, computer-assisted evaluation program is discussed, with a brief review of pertinent literature. The particular applications within a forensic psychiatric center of the Tandem 16 computer system, utilizing both "canned psychological tests" and specialized assessment techniques, are examined and highlighted with a case vignette. A highly relevant problem within forensic psychiatry, malingering or exaggeration of symptoms, is examined in more detail as it relates to computer assessments. The advantages and limitations of a computer-assisted evaluation are described relative to both its clinical and research application. PMID- 7047676 TI - A spectrometric study of the fluorescence detection of fecal urobilinoids. AB - Fluorescence spectra of extracts of fecal material, in the presence of zinc ion, display the well-known green fluorescence used in the Schlesinger test for the urobilinoids, together with several other fluorescences. All of these can be demonstrated in a single spectrum by the synchronous fluorescence technique, which, with new extraction conditions, enables the urobilinoid fluorescence to be detected in quantities of human fecal material down to about 50 ng in mass. This represents a reduction on the order of a thousandfold in the detection limit of the original visual technique; selectivity too is greatly increased. The effects caused by a variety of reagents on the fluorescences have been examined. It is shown that in Edelman's version of the test the presence of mercuric ion largely quenches the fluorescence. The synchronous spectra vary considerably between different samples of human feces and between different mammals according to their diet. The specificity of the recommended technique is discussed with reference to the spectra given by other body materials. PMID- 7047677 TI - Defining malingering. AB - Malingering, also called shamming illness or goldbricking, is the false and fraudulent simulation or exaggeration of physical or mental disease or defect, performed in order to obtain money or drugs or to evade duty or criminal responsibility, or for other reasons that may be readily understood by an objective observer from the individual's circumstances, rather than from learning the individual's psychology. Malingering is seen in apparently normal children, students, test subjects, spouses, and adults. It is not a mental disorder. Malingering may coexist with the antisocial personality disorder, with various factitious disorders, such as the Ganser Syndrome and the Munchausen Syndrome, with the hysterias and with traumatic neuroses and other mental disorders. A review of definitions and a medicolegal discussion are presented. Malingering is an act, which is distinguished from a legal or mental status. Failure to distinguish act from status accounts for the wide disparities in definitions of malingering. PMID- 7047678 TI - Nurse practitioners: a national perspective. PMID- 7047679 TI - Insulin residues in hypodermic syringes and needles. PMID- 7047680 TI - A review of the use of saliva in the forensic detection of drugs and other chemicals. PMID- 7047681 TI - Comparison of safety and immunogenicity of ADW and AYW hepatitis B vaccines. AB - The safety and immunogenicity of adw and ayw hepatitis B vaccines were compared in a double-blind randomized trial in Green Air Force recruits. One hundred and ten out of 240 eligible nonimmune recruits were randomly selected and allocated to the two vaccine treatment groups. Two 20-micrograms doses 1 month apart and a third 20-micrograms booster dose, at 6 months, were given intramuscularly. Severe local or general side effects were not observed. The frequency of mild side effects (local discomfort or pain, fever less than 37.5 degrees C, and malaise) was slightly higher than the adw than with the ayw vaccine. Antibodies developed earlier and in higher titers in adw vaccines. However, after the booster dose all ayw and all but one adw vaccines developed anti-HBs in almost similar titers. It is concluded that both vaccines are equally safe and immunogenic after administration of two doses at a 1-month interval followed by a booster dose at 6 months. PMID- 7047682 TI - MgATP-stimulated release of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone from isolated hypothalamic granules: evidence for a selective requirement for monovalent cations. AB - The purpose of this study was to characterize the kinetics and monovalent ion requirements of the MgATP-stimulated release of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) from isolated hypothalamic granules. LHRH granules were obtained from homogenates of hypothalami of adult male rats by differential centrifugation and then incubated in buffered media containing KCl. Under these conditions, the pH optimum for the MgATP-stimulated release of LHRH was between 7.5 and 8.0; the rate of release was linear for the first 5 min of incubation; and the magnitude of the release was a saturable function of KCl concentration. When the potassium in the incubation mixture was replaced with various monovalent cations (Li+, Na+, Cs+, choline, or tetraethylammonium), the magnitude of the MgATP-stimulated release of LHRH was inversely related to the size of the cation; release in the presence of Li+ was 12%, whereas release in the presence of tetraethylammonium was 0% of the total LHRH. When the chloride in the incubation mixture was replaced with various monovalent anions (Br-, I-, or isethionate), the magnitude of the MgATP-stimulated release of LHRH was not related to the size of the anion. Moreover, inclusion of anion transport inhibitors in the incubation mixture did not affect LHRH release, suggesting that anion transport is not required for the MgATP-stimulated release of LHRH. In summary, we suggest that the MgATP stimulated release of LHRH from isolated hypothalamic granules involves an enzymatic event and that this release process does not have a selective requirement for monovalent anions, but has a selective requirement for monovalent cations. PMID- 7047683 TI - Metabolism of deoxyuridine in rabbit brain. AB - The metabolism of [3H]deoxyuridine by rabbit brain was investigated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, brain slices from various regions of brain and from all age groups accumulated [3H]deoxyuridine from artificial CSF. Within the slices, a portion of the accumulated [3H]deoxyuridine was metabolized to [3H]deoxyuridine phosphate, with subsequent conversion to [3H]thymidine phosphate, and ultimately [3H]DNA. The percentage of the [3H]deoxyuridine phosphorylated and subsequently converted into [3H]DNA was highest at birth and declined to adult levels in 3 month-old rabbits. Thymidine, when added to the incubation medium with the [3H]deoxyuridine, was approximately 10 times as potent as unlabeled deoxyuridine in inhibiting the intracellular phosphorylation and conversion of [3H]deoxyuridine to [3H]thymidine phosphate in brain slices. In vivo, 2.5 h after intraventricular injection of [3H]deoxyuridine, over 90% of the [3H]deoxyuridine was cleared from the central nervous system at all ages. However, in both newborn and 3-month-old rabbits, approximately 40 and 12%, respectively, of the 3H remaining in brain was phosphorylated and converted to [3H]thymidine phosphates; and 11 and 4%, respectively, of the 3H remaining in brain was converted to [3H]DNA. These results show that both immature and mature rabbit brain is able to incorporate deoxyuridine into DNA. Thus, all the enzymes involved in this conversion, including thymidylate synthetase (EC 2.1.1.45), are present and active in brain throughout life. PMID- 7047684 TI - Localization and mechanism of thymidine transport in the central nervous system. AB - The localization and mechanism of thymidine and deoxyuridine transport in the central nervous system were studied in vivo and in vitro. Previous studies have shown that thymidine enters brain from blood in part via the CSF. In vitro, isolated adult bovine cerebral microvessels, which readily concentrated and phosphorylated deoxyglucose, were unable to concentrate thymidine and deoxyuridine. In vivo, [3H]thymidine (0.2 microM) and [3H]deoxyuridine (0.4 microM) were not extracted more readily than [14C]sucrose in a single pass through the cerebral circulation of rats. In vivo, [3H]thymidine retention in CSF and brain after entry from blood was increased when the efflux of [3H]thymidine from CSF and the phosphorylation of [3H]thymidine in brain were depressed by the intraventricular injection of unlabeled thymidine. These studies and previous work suggest that the transfer of thymidine (and deoxyuridine) through the blood brain barrier in either direction must be extremely low. The present studies are consistent with the postulate that thymidine is transported by an active transport system in the choroid plexus that transfers thymidine from blood into the CSF; from the CSF, the thymidine enters brain cells and is phosphorylated. PMID- 7047685 TI - Demonstration of JC virus by immunofluorescence in multiple cell types in experimentally infected adult human brain cell cultures. AB - JC virus (JCV)-induced T antigen developed in the nuclei of approximately 50% of adult human brain (AHB) cells infected with JCV. Approximately 10% of these T antigen-positive cells contained glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and were identified as astrocytes in immunofluorescence studies. About 50% of these T antigen-positive cells bound antiserum to fibronectin on their surface and were identified as fibroblasts. No cells binding antiserum to galactocerebroside (GC), an oliodendrocyte-specific marker, were detected in infected or non-infected AHB cultures. the cell type of AHB that constitutes the remaining 40-50% of T antigen positive cells that are GFAP-, fibronectin- and GC-negative remains to be determined. PMID- 7047686 TI - Azathioprine in treatment of multiple sclerosis. Final results of a 41/2-year controlled study of its effectiveness covering 115 patients. AB - In an open, randomised, controlled follow-up study the effectiveness of continuous azathioprine therapy of multiple sclerosis with a dosage of 2 mg/kg/day was tested against a control group that was not treated with cytostatics. In the treated group the disease progressed less rapidly than in the untreated group. Statistically significant differences were only seen in patients having an intermittent-progressive course. The effect of azathioprine on the course was not dependent on the period or severity of illness nor on the patient's sex. In chronically progressive disease and with an intermittent disease course no influence of azathioprine was observed. PMID- 7047687 TI - Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural differentiation between Met-enkephalin-, Leu-enkephalin-, and Met/Leu-enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons of feline gut. AB - Selective immunocytochemical procedures, applied at the light and electron microscopical level, have resulted in the identification of three types of enkephalin-immunoreactive nerves in the feline gastrointestinal tract, including neurons containing either Met- or Leu-enkephalin immunoreactivity or those simultaneously storing both Met- and Leu-enkephalin immunoreactants. The three different types of enkephalin nerves show a similar distribution in the gut with the exception of the small arteries which frequently appear to be innervated only by Met-enkephalin-immunoreactive terminals. Electron microscopical identification using optimally fixed, osmicated, and contrasted tissue revealed ultrastructural differences between the three types of nerve terminals. Thus, the terminals contained variable proportions of large granular and large opaque p-type vesicles. Large granular vesicles were associated predominantly with Met enkephalin immunoreactions. It is presently impossible to decide whether the different p-type vesicles reflect a continuous processing of a precursor contained within them or whether they are truly different in peptide content. Thus, granular vesicles had cores of either high or medium electron density. Medium electron-dense granular vesicles were sometimes difficult to distinguish from large opaque vesicles suggesting the existence of possible transitional forms. All types of enkephalin terminals also contained small clear ("cholinergic like") vesicles which were not immunoreactive to enkephalins. These data indicate that multiple enkephalin precursors/enkephalin-containing peptides occur in the gut or, alternatively or additionally, that a common Met/Leu-enkephalin precursor is processed differently in different neurons. PMID- 7047688 TI - Prostacyclin and cerebral vessel relaxation. AB - The authors have studied the ability of prostacyclin to reverse contractions of human basilar arteries in vitro that were induced by a wide range of substances implicated in the etiology of cerebral arterial spasm. Prostacyclin (10(-10) to 10(-6)M) caused a dose-related reversal of contractions induced by 5 hydroxytryptamine, noradrenaline, angiotensin II, prostaglandin (PG)F2 alpha, and U-46619 (a thromboxane-A2 mimetic). These agents were tested at concentrations or volumes that produced almost maximum or maximum responses and those that produced approximately 50% of the maximum response. Contractions induced by maximum concentrations of angiotensin II and U-46619 were least affected by prostacyclin. In addition, contractions induced by thromboxane-A2 generated from guinea-pig lung were reversed in a dose-dependent fashion by prostacyclin. This ability of prostacyclin to physiologically antagonize contractions of the human basilar artery in vitro induced by high concentrations of various spasmogenic agents suggests that such a potent vasodilator agent or more stable analogue may be of value in the treatment of such disorders as cerebral arterial spasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 7047689 TI - Tethered cord syndrome. PMID- 7047690 TI - Effect of high fat weanling diets containing either medium-chain triglycerides or long-chain triglycerides on the development of obesity in the Zucker rat. AB - Zucker rats were early weaned onto either medium-chain (MCT) or long-chain triglycerides (LCT) to examine the effect on the development of obesity. Preobese and lean pups were weaned at 16 days to isocaloric, isonitrogenous liquid diets containing either 65% MCT or LCT (by calories) or to a "stocklike" (5.5% fat, 72.6% carbohydrate) control diet or were pair-fed stocklike diet to MCT-fed rats until day 45. MCT-feeding lowered body weight gain and fat pad weight in obese and lean rats compared to stocklike-fed controls. Additionally, fat cell size and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and hepatic acetyl CoA carboxylase activity were reduced in obese MCT-fed rats compared to obese controls fed stocklike diet. Except for altered LPL activity the effects produced by MCT-feeding were attributable to its anorectic effect. However, all obese rats, including the MCT group, developed an obese body composition and were hyperinsulinemic. The development sequence leading to obesity may be derived from a fundamental cellular defect that results in metabolic alterations in different tissues at critical periods of development. Thus, effective treatment of this genetic obesity requires a better understanding of fa gene action. PMID- 7047691 TI - Metabolism of glucose, fructose and xylitol in normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. PMID- 7047692 TI - Starvation-induced ketone body production in the conscious unrestrained miniature pig. AB - The effects of short-term starvation (up to 5 days) on hepatic ketone body production was investigated in the conscious unrestrained miniature pig in vivo. Starvation induced an increase in arterial free fatty acid concentration (0.2-0.7 mM) with a concomitant elevation in hepatic free fatty acid extraction [-1.4-5.7 mumol/kg. minute),r = 0.53, P less than 0.005]. Ketone body production (sum of acetoacetate + beta-hydroxybutyrate) increased from 1.5 to 5.8 mumol/(kg . minute) in parallel (r = 0.71, P less than 0.0005). During starvation arterial insulin levels decreased, glucagon increased, cortisol remained unchanged and a "low T3 state' was observed. These data differ in some aspects from those reported for humans and dogs. Thus a species-specific variation in the fuel economy of the pig's body is proposed. PMID- 7047693 TI - Vincent du Vigneaud (1901-1978): a biographical sketch. PMID- 7047694 TI - Differential effects of sucrose, fructose and glucose on carbohydrate-induced obesity in rats. AB - Caloric intakes, body weights, plasma glucose levels and glucose tolerance were examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats given a single standard diet or the standard diet and one of four sources of sugar: 1) a 32% glucose solution, 2) a 32 % fructose solution, 3) a 32% sucrose solution or 4) granulated sucrose. After 50 days, blood was collected from fasted animals for analyses of serum glucose, triglycerides and insulin levels. Livers, kidneys, epididymal and retroperitoneal fat depots and intrascapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) were removed and weighed. Animals given sugar solutions and the standard diet consumed significantly more calories, gained more weight and had significantly more retroperitoneal fat than controls given only the standard diet. Although rats given granulated sucrose and the standard diet did not eat more, they did gain significantly more weight per kilocalorie consumed and had more retroperitoneal fat than controls. Rats given the sucrose solution had significantly more BAT than controls or rats given the fructose solution or granulated sucrose. Rats receiving glucose had significantly more BAT than controls. Access to the fructose or sucrose solutions led to a decreased ability to tolerate an oral glucose load. Animals given fructose had significantly greater serum triglyceride levels than controls or rats given the glucose or sucrose solutions. PMID- 7047695 TI - Folate derivatives in human cells: studies on normal and 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase-deficient fibroblasts. AB - The distribution of folylpolyglutamates in normal and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase-deficient human fibroblasts cultured in medium containing folic acid or 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid has been determined. Human fibroblasts concentrated these folates to higher levels than in the medium, an effect that was more pronounced with methyltetrahydrofolate as the folate source. Over 95% of the intracellular vitamin derivatives were polyglutamates of chain length 2 to 10. The major derivatives were hexaglutamates in cells cultured with folic acid and heptaglutamates in cells cultured with methyltetrahydrofolic acid. No significant differences were detected in the polyglutamate distribution between normal and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase-deficient fibroblast. Excess medium methionine reduced cell growth rates and intracellular vitamin levels and changed the predominant polyglutamate in cells cultured with methyltetrahydrofolate from hepta- to hexaglutamate. No significant differences were seen between the overall folate polyglutamate distributions of different one-carbon folate pools of normal fibroblasts, although slight changes in the proportions of individual polyglutamate forms were detected in the different pools. PMID- 7047696 TI - The utilization of roots to carry post-retained crowns. AB - A retrospective study of 5-year-old post-retained crowns made using a matched reamer/sprue technique, was carried out. Standardized radiographs enabled the length of post within the root to be compared with the maximum available length, and this was related to the success of the restoration. Six posts (11.5% of the sample) had become dislodged, of which four were successfully re-cemented. The range of root utilization varied from 46 to 137% of the calculated ideal maximum length, indicating that radiographs or measurements were not used routinely as an aid to root preparation, and in some cases the integrity of the apical seal had been severely prejudiced. Despite some very short posts, no roots had fractured. The minimum length of post which ideally should be used has been calculated as 9 mm. PMID- 7047697 TI - Evaluation of the bonding of cervical restorative materials. PMID- 7047698 TI - Identifying the denture space. AB - In the absence of pre-extraction records, the positioning of teeth on complete dentures is a somewhat arbitrary procedure. The present study was designed to evaluate a number of different criteria for tooth placement. Miniature foil strain gauges were used to measure the forces brought to bear on complete dentures by the lingual and peri-oral musculature. Previous studies of the pattern of post-extraction resorption found that the vestige of the lingual gingival margins of the maxillary teeth could be identified on the cast and it was suggested that these biometric guides are reliable for the correct placement of the upper artificial teeth. The results reported confirmed the use of biometric guides to tooth placement as a reliable method of positioning the teeth in Class I edentulous cases. PMID- 7047699 TI - An electron microscopic study on the morphology of Eikenella corrodens. PMID- 7047700 TI - Effect of etchant and bonding agent on the inhibition of secondary caries in composite resin restorations. PMID- 7047701 TI - Dynamical studies on major connectors in partial dentures. PMID- 7047702 TI - A case treated with overdenture utilizing a root-submergence procedure and its follow-up evaluation. PMID- 7047703 TI - Application of 18-8 stainless steel to dental cast crown. PMID- 7047704 TI - Electron microscopy of prism sheath region of human enamel using chromium sulphate in decalcification. PMID- 7047705 TI - The effect of parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and prostaglandins on the cytoplasmic activity of isolated osteoclasts. PMID- 7047706 TI - Shock in the pediatric patient. Part I. PMID- 7047707 TI - Comparison of orally administered metaproterenol and theophylline in the control of chronic asthma. AB - The efficacy of metaproterenol (orciprenaline) and theophylline given orally at currently recommended doses was examined in 34 children with chronic asthma using a randomized double-blind cross-over evaluation of four weeks' duration for each active regimen. No serious adverse effects were seen with either medication, but tremor occurred more frequently with metaproterenol (P less than 0.01). No significant differences were observed in the frequency of nausea, vomiting, headache, or insomnia (P greater than 0.05). Symptoms of wheezing, coughing, exercise intolerance, and interference with sleep were more frequently associated with the oral metaproterenol regimen; completely asymptomatic days occurred 50% more frequently in association with theophylline therapy (P less than 0.01). Mean peak flows, performed twice daily during each of the four-week study periods, were 86 and 92% of predicted for metaproterenol and theophylline, respectively (P less than 0.05). Pulmonary function decreased significantly less with theophylline than with metaproterenol among those who completed six minutes of treadmill exercise during both regimens (P less than 0.05). Corticosteroids, used for acute symptoms that failed to respond to the addition of inhaled metaproterenol, were required in four patients during both regimens, in ten patients only during the metaproterenol regimen, and in one patient only during the theophylline regimen (P less than 0.02). Thus, theophylline therapy was associated with fewer adverse effects, fewer symptoms of asthma, better pulmonary function, better exercise tolerance, and less requirements for corticosteroids than was treatment with metaproterenol. PMID- 7047708 TI - Inhibition of macrophage-Trypanosoma cruzi interaction by concanavalin A and differential binding of bloodstream and culture forms to the macrophage surface. AB - The initial interaction between the surfaces of mouse peritoneal macrophages and Trypanosoma cruzi was examined using bloodstream (trypomastigote) and culture (epimastigote) forms of a predominantly reticulotropic strain of the parasite. Pretreatment with Con A resulted in a marked inhibition of macrophage binding of both forms of the parasite. Con A inhibition of epimastigote binding persisted for at least 4 hr after exposure to Con A whereas the trypomastigote-binding ability of macrophages showed a significant spontaneous recovery (57-79%) after 1 hr whether or not the parasites were present in the cell cultures during that time. Binding of Con A to the macrophage was required for inhibition of parasite attachment since incubation of Con A-treated cells with alpha-methyl mannoside prevented the inhibitory phenomenon when either epimastigotes or trypomastigotes were used. This monosaccharide had an inhibitory effect of its own which was not as marked as that produced by Con A and affected epimastigote but not trypomastigote binding to the phagocytic cells, thus representing an additional difference in the modes of interaction of these forms of the parasite with the macrophage surface. Furthermore, inhibition of either trypomastigote or epimastigote binding to macrophages was not caused by succinyl-Con A (which consists of two monomeric Con A subunits whereas Con A has four) unless the succinyl-Con A-treated macrophages were further incubated with anti-Con A antibodies. This observation suggests the importance of either molecular size or crosslinking of Con A subunits with consequent membrane rearrangement in causing the inhibitory phenomenon. The antibody preparation had no effect on macrophage binding of T. cruzi when tested by itself. These results highlight distinct characteristics of the binding of two forms of T. cruzi differing in their infective capacity to the surface of a host cell. PMID- 7047709 TI - Isolation of intracellular parasites (Plasmodium falciparum) from culture using free-flow electrophoresis: separation of the free parasites according to stages. AB - Parasitized human erythrocytes were concentrated from continuous cultures of Plasmodium falciparum from 5-7% up to 80-95% using Plasmagel. After aggregation of the cells with phythemagglutinin, the aggregated erythrocytes were fragmented by passing them, with minimal force, through successive nylon filters of decreasing pore size (100 microns-3 microns). The mixture of liberated, free parasites, intact erythrocytes and erythrocyte membrane vesicles was separated using free-flow electrophoresis. Most of the fractions containing free parasites did not show contamination with erythrocyte constituents as determined by light and electron microscopy, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and enzymatic analysis. In addition, the various stages of free parasites of Plasmodium falciparum exhibited different electrical surface charges. Rings and trophozoites were highly negatively charged whereas schizonts and, in particular, merozoites showed low negative charges. Thus, the various stages could be isolated separate from each other. PMID- 7047710 TI - American Society of Parasitologists. Membership list as of 1 June 1982. PMID- 7047711 TI - Bayes' theorem in ophthalmologic computer diagnosis. AB - Computers are being investigated as diagnostic aids in many fields of medicine. Models employing Bayes' theorem, a statistical formula, commonly are used to supply valuable information on the likelihood of each disease in the differential diagnosis to help the clinician make the diagnosis. However, knowledge of elementary decision analysis is beneficial to help understand the current and potential uses of these models. We discussed Bayes' theorem as an introduction to decision analysis. Moreover, we described a Bayesian model for the differential diagnosis of leukocoria to illustrate the application of computers to ophthalmologic diagnosis. PMID- 7047712 TI - Effectiveness of routine ultrasound in screening congenital defects. AB - During one year 26 cases of fetal malformations were diagnosed by means of ultrasound alone at the 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Milano. Frequency of congenital defects first detected in the Centre was 5.6% which can be estimated to be approx. 25% of the anomalies detectable at birth in an unselected population. The total number of congenital defects detected was 31. A wrong diagnosis was done in two suspected cephaloceles resulted to be a cystic hygroma of the neck and a nuchal cephaloematoma while a pleural effusion was misdiagnosed as a thoracic cyst. On the other hand a precise evaluation of diagnostic errors (false negatives) has not been possible. Most malformations not detected by scanning involved splanchnic organs rather than central nervous system (Tab. V). Ultrasonic procedures for measurement of fetal head and trunk could partly account for this result. Termination of pregnancy was performed in 4 cases and post-partum surgical correction in 3 (Tab. I). Antenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations should be then considered as a major end-point of routine US. PMID- 7047713 TI - Problems of antepartal cardiotocography. PMID- 7047715 TI - Nitro- para- and meta-substituted 2-phenylindolizines as potential antimicrobial agents. PMID- 7047714 TI - Enhanced peripheral glucose utilization and suppressed hepatic glycogen synthesis in KK mice treated with islet-activating protein (IAP). AB - Effect of islet-activating protein (IAP) on glucose utilization of peripheral tissues and glycogen synthesis of the liver was investigated in diabetic KK mice. The 14C-content of diaphragm glycogen following the injection of [U-14C] glucose was much less in KK mice than in dd/Y mice, and it was restored to normal in KK mice treated with IAP. The enhanced glucose utilization in these mice was completely abolished by the injection of anti-insulin serum. Glycogen synthesis of the liver after glucose load was also less in KK mice than in dd/Y mice, and it was clearly suppressed in both groups of mice by IAP treatment. It was concluded that improved glucose tolerance of IAP-treated KK mice was mostly due to enhanced glucose utilization of peripheral tissues secondary to increased insulin secretion induced by IAP injection. PMID- 7047716 TI - Effects of streptozotocin diabetes and insulin treatment on myocardial sodium pump and contractility of the rat heart. PMID- 7047717 TI - Acute renal artery constriction increases renal prostaglandin I2 biosynthesis and renin release in the conscious dog. AB - The relationship between renal prostaglandin (PG)I2 biosynthesis and renin release was examined in conscious dogs before and during renal artery constriction. Dogs were chronically instrumented with femoral vein, femoral artery and left renal vein catheters and an inflatable cuff and electromagnetic flow probe were positioned on the left renal artery. After 2 days, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, renal blood flow and renal secretion rates of renin and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were determined before and 10 min after a reduction in renal blood flow. Plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, measured by a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay, were used as an index of PGI2 synthesis. A 38% reduction in renal blood flow did not significantly alter mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate or arterial levels of plasma renin activity or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. In contrast, renal artery constriction increased renal venous plasma levels of both renin activity and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by 308% (P less than .002) and 132% (P less than .05), respectively. As a consequence, the renal secretion rate of renin was increased from 80 +/- 40 to 917 +/- 231 ng of angiotensin I . min-1 . hr-1 (P less than .02) and the renal secretion rate of 6 keto-PGF1 alpha was increased from -2.1 +/- 1.1 to 9.0 +/- 3.6 ng/min (P less than .05). In addition, there was a significant correlation between the renal secretion rates of renin and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (r = 0.688; P less than .013; n = 12). These data indicate a close association between the renal biosynthesis and PGI2 and renin release and are consistent with the concept that PGI2 participates in the release of renin. PMID- 7047718 TI - The effect of captopril (SQ14,225) upon mother and fetus in the chronically cannulated ewe and in the pregnant rabbit. AB - 1. An inhibitor of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme activity (D-3-mercapto-2 methylpropanoyl-L-proline, Captopril) was given to five chronically cannulated pregnant ewes and eleven rabbits in late pregnancy. 2. Within 2 min of administration to the sheep, Captopril had blocked the maternal conversion of angiotensin I to II, as assessed by the pressor response evoked by the i.v. administration of angiotensin I. Maternal and fetal basal systemic blood pressures had fallen within 10 min of administration. Although maternal systemic blood pressure returned to basal levels within 2 hr, fetal pressures remained low for up to 2 days. 3. All ewes went into spontaneous labour at or near term. One lamb was live-born but very weak and failed to establish suckling. The remaining seven lambs were fresh still-births. 4. Gestation length was significantly prolonged in the treated rabbits by comparison with ten controls. The still-birth rate was 37% in the treated animals and 6% in the controls (P less than 0.001). 5. It is concluded that the administration of Captopril to the two species studied is harmful to the fetus. The observations suggest that the drug rapidly crosses the placenta, and may cross the blood-brain barrier to exert a central effect. It may also interfere with the normal initiation of parturition. PMID- 7047720 TI - Using removable partial dentures to stabilize teeth with secondary occlusal traumatism. PMID- 7047719 TI - The effects of antidiuretic hormone and state of potassium balance on the renin angiotensin system in rats with diabetes insipidus. AB - 1. The influence of ADH and the state of potassium balance on the renin angiotensin system was studied in rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI rats). 2. Plasma renin concentration in DI rats was higher than in control Long Evans rats. 3. Spontaneous reversal of the hypokalaemia normally found in DI rats did not reduce plasma renin concentration (p.r.c.), suggesting that potassium deficiency does not contribute significantly to the elevation of p.r.c. in DI rats. Similarly, a low potassium diet failed to further increase p.r.c. in DI rats. 4. In contrast, the p.r.c. of DI rats was significantly diminished by a high potassium intake both in the presence and absence of ADH. A highly significant inverse correlation was found between p.r.c. and urinary potassium excretion in both ADH-treated and untreated DI rats on low, normal and high potassium diets. 5. Plasma renin concentration was significantly lower in ADH treated than in untreated DI rats on a high potassium intake, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of ADH and potassium are additive. 6. ADH consistently reduced p.r.c. in DI rats independent of the state of potassium balance. 7. ADH and potassium may inhibit renin secretion via different mechanisms of action. PMID- 7047721 TI - Large edentulous ridges--are they better for dentures than small ridges? AB - A method was described for measuring not only the area of the basal seat of an edentulous ridge but also the bearing area, stabilizing area, and the areas shared. A definition for small, medium, and large edentulous ridges was provided. Correlations between the basal seat, stabilizing area, and the shared areas were computed. A high positive correlation was found between the area of the basal seat and that of the stabilizing areas. Contrary to what was expected, no correlation was found between the area of the basal seat and that of the bearing areas of the small to large categories. PMID- 7047722 TI - Endodontic abutments and complete dentures. AB - In this in vitro study, 90% of maxillary single-rooted teeth, 89% of maxillary multirooted teeth, 82% of mandibular single-rooted teeth, and 92.5% of mandibular molars had root canals that terminated short of the radiographic root apex. dimensional variability was considerable. Mean measurements provide acceptable levels for underfilling canals and dictate generally applicable levels at which root canal fillings are best terminated. These measurements indicate that, when filling maxillary teeth and mandibular molars, the termination point of the filling should be approximately 0.89 mm short of the radiographic root apex. When filling mandibular single-rooted teeth, the terminal point of the filling material should be approximately 0.69 mm short of the radiographic root apex. Complete overdentures are a valuable alternative to extraction and conventional denture placement. The nonvital teeth that are used for stability, retention, preservation of alveolar bone, proprioception, and psychological support are of critical importance. Failure in endodontic selection and procedure immediately negates the concept of overdentures. PMID- 7047723 TI - Comparison of bond strengths of polymethyl methacrylate and alpha cyanoacrylate. AB - A method of fabricating similar methyl methacrylate cylinders was used to produce specimens to test the bond strength of alpha cyanoacrylate and autopolymerizing methyl methacrylate. Each group was tested immediately and after storage in 37 degrees C water bath for 90 days. Statistical analysis supported the finding that the autopolymerizing methyl methacrylate produced a better bond even without undercuts or mechanical retention. PMID- 7047724 TI - Measurement of paint-on die spacers used for casting relief. AB - Three paints used for die spacing were measured for film thickness. Two of the materials are marketed as die spacers, and the third is sold as a model airplane paint. The materials were applied to stone dies in multiple coats. They were embedded in resin, sectioned, and measured photographically through a microscope. The three die spacing materials were capable of achieving clinically acceptable relief in the range of 20 to 40 mu by using a variable number of coats. Different paints produced different thicknesses. The two paints sold specifically for die spacing gave 11 to 13 mu per coat. The hobby shop paint had the smallest film thickness per coat, yielding approximately 5 mu per layer. It also had the smallest standard deviation. This control plus the relative low cost and availabilty make it attractive for this purpose. PMID- 7047725 TI - Esthetic feasibility study using a labial index. PMID- 7047726 TI - Crown contours and gingival response. AB - The following periodontal/restorative interrelations should be observed: 1. Deflective contours and/or overcontouring should be avoided in the cervical third and the interproximal surfaces of tooth restorations. 2. Overcontouring of the interproximal region is common and harmful to periodontal health. 3. Adequate tooth reduction at the gingival margin and interproximally provides for restorative materials and lessens the potential for overcontouring in these critical regions. 4. Fluting or barreling of exposed furcations eliminates plaque shelves and promotes accessibility for hygiene. 5. Minimal disruption within the intracrevicular space during tooth preparation allows a more predictable, favorable periodontal response to satisfactorily contoured restorations. PMID- 7047727 TI - Ceramometal restorations with supragingival margins. PMID- 7047728 TI - Development of a new endosseous dental implant. Part II: Human studies. AB - The development of an endosseous implant has followed a logical and formal plan. 1. Extensive experiments with animals provided preliminary statistics of successful function, extensive histologic studies, evaluation of biocompatibility, and a preliminary assessment of contraindications. 2. Carefully developed and controlled clinical study of human subjects with frequent examinations and detailed records of both successes and failures again provided new bases for contraindications. The statistics on the clinical study are satisfactory in their results, although they should be regarded as having a somewhat conservative slant. This is because implant failures became a learning base for improved procedures. The program so far has been limited to a single implant design that, with size variants, will serve most applications. However, it is not feasible to modify the design in terms of dimensions for application in the anterior portion of the mouth. A design for this purpose is established on paper and will become a future additional development. PMID- 7047729 TI - Report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. PMID- 7047730 TI - Phospholipid biosynthesis in synchronous Plasmodium falciparum cultures. AB - The metabolism of phospholipids in synchronous Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes was studied over one cycle of 48 h by the incorporation of labeled palmitate, serine, choline, and myo-inositol into cellular lipids. The rates of incorporation of palmitate and serine into total phospholipids and of choline into phosphatidylcholine (PC) were linear with the maturation of the parasite, increasing by a factor of 2-5.6 according to the precursors. The rate of inositol incorporation into phosphatidylinositol was 9.6 times higher at the schizont stage than at the ring stage, with a marked increase in the second half of the cycle. A significant incorporation of palmitate into triglycerides also occurred during the schizont stage of the parasite. The incorporations of serine and palmitate into phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and PC showed a net increase at approximately the twentieth hour of the cycle, while the radioactivities recovered in phosphatidylserine (PS) had already reached a maximum by this time. These findings indicate an instantaneous transformation of PS into PE and PC through a decarboxylation of PS into PE, then a methylation of PE into PC during the second half of the cycle. Although PS is a minor component of the Plasmodium parasite, our findings demonstrate the important role of this phospholipid as a precursor of PE and PC, which are major constituents of parasite phospholipids. PMID- 7047731 TI - Adhesion and interiorization of Trypanosoma cruzi in mammalian cells. AB - A quantitative method for experimentally separating the adhesion and interiorization phases of the interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi with mammalian cells was developed. Incubation of confluent monolayers of mammalian cells with epimastigotes or trypomastigotes at 4 degrees C allowed the evaluation of the number of adhered parasites that do not become interiorized at this temperature. Quantification of interiorized parasites at 34 degrees C was achieved by employing hypotonic lysis to eliminate the extracellularly adhered trypomastigotes. Both adhesion and interiorization were found to be proportional to the time of exposure of cells to parasites and to the multiplicity of infection. These phenomena occur normally for trypomastigotes in the absence of serum with LLC-MK2 cells, HeLa cells, and 3T3 fibroblasts. Moreover, it was possible to obtain trypomastigotes that presented the same infectivity to LLC-MK2 cells as did parasites obtained in the presence of 2% fetal calf serum after 10 serial passages in a medium devoid of serum. Inhibition of adhesion (of epimastigotes and trypomastigotes) and of interiorization (of trypomastigotes) was obtained with inactivated normal serum from several sources, a saturation effect being observed at a final concentration of 20%. Bovine serum albumin, at the concentrations present in the sera, had no inhibitory effect. Trypomastigotes that have been pre-incubated with 40% FCS (45 min at 4 degrees C) showed decreased adhesion and interiorization indices, effects that can be reversed by trypsinization of the parasites prior to exposure of the cells. A progressive internalization of previously attached trypomastigotes was observed on raising the temperature from 4 degrees C to 34 degrees C; no spontaneous detachment of parasites was detected up to 120 min. Approximately 75% of the adhered parasites were found inside the cells after 45 min at 34 degrees C. The presence of normal inactivated calf serum during incubation at 34 degrees C resulted in a certain degree of detachment and in a lower interiorization index. PMID- 7047732 TI - Hypnosis in nursing practice--emphasis on the "problem patient' who has pain- Part II. AB - The program of treating burned patients with hypnosis was expanded to treating multi-problem and chronic pain patients on the same surgical unit at Denver General Hospital. The majority of patients received some benefit. Many gained control over intense pain and many increased their sense of self-esteem and mastery. The behavioral problems diminished and the staff became reinterested and reinvolved with these very needy people. Whether or not nurses elect to practice hypnosis, the principles are familiar and can be added to the repertory of nursing practice. Physical and psychological relaxation relieves distress and potentiates patients' comfort with or without pain medication. Communicate to the patient that what you are doing builds confidence and increases the probability that treatment wil be effective. Furthermore, recognizing imaginary capacities as powerful in promoting comfort adds an option for intervention not always considered or used by nurses. Whether or not nurses describe what they do as "hypnosis," the use of these techniques can be useful to their practice and to the patients in whom they attempt to alleviate suffering and promote comfort and growth. PMID- 7047733 TI - Localization of alpha-uterine protein in human endometrium. AB - Immunoperoxidase staining was used to investigate the origin of human alpha uterine protein (AUP). Specific staining was observed in the glandular epithelium of the endometrium during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy, and in a patient on an oestrogen-progestagen contraceptive pill. The pattern of staining strongly suggests that AUP is secreted into the uterine lumen. The location and concentration of AUP in the uterus may explain the relative concentrations of AUP in amniotic fluid and maternal serum. PMID- 7047734 TI - The perimenopause: physiologic correlates and clinical management. PMID- 7047735 TI - The incompetent cervix: a 1982 update. PMID- 7047736 TI - Fetal tumor: antenatal diagnosis and its implications. PMID- 7047738 TI - Address to the South African Veterinary Association Congress. PMID- 7047737 TI - Lack of association between rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes. PMID- 7047739 TI - Absence of urea toxicity in young pigs. AB - Urea was non-toxic to a 10 week-old pig in an acute dose as high as 16 g/kg body mass. Ten % m/m urea in pig food over a period of 5 days was also without apparent deleterious effect. PMID- 7047740 TI - Diabetes-related goals, practices, and beliefs of practicing pediatricians. AB - Practicing pediatricians were surveyed to assess their need for diabetes education programs. Pediatricians generally have fewer than five diabetic patients, frequently see them less than once every four months, prescribe single daily insulin injections, and do not include dietetic services in their treatment program. Among the pediatricians surveyed, practices correlated weakly with therapeutic goals for metabolic control, and goals correlated weakly with belief that hyperglycemia causes microvascular complications of diabetes. Belief in the importance of hyperglycemia did not correlate with actual care practices reported. The data support the idea that presentation of the latest advances in scientific rationale is an inadequate basis for physicians' continuing education. PMID- 7047741 TI - Development of a single numerical expression for the results of multiple screening tests for immune complexes in diabetic patients: use in statistical comparison of clinically and biochemically defined patient populations. AB - A series of 88 diabetic patients were studied for the presence of soluble immune complexes, proteinuria, microangiopathy, and diabetic complications. Results of the five different assays for immune complexes were analyzed individually, and four combinations of the individual results (i.e. four different immune complex "scores") were also analyzed. The only assay which consistently discriminated between the different patient groups was the PEG-IgG test, in which a ratio between the amount of IgG precipitated with 3% PEG 6000 and the serum concentration of IgG is determined. In contrast, all four of the immune complex "scores" detected significant differences between patients with and without the clinical or biochemical parameter in question. One combination, designated as the "weighted and corrected IC score", gave a particularly high probability of detecting differences between groups. These results indicate that proper compilation of the results of a battery of immune complex screening assays can provide definite advantages over the results of individual tests for the investigation of correlations between the presence of soluble immune complexes and the course and pathology of various diseases. PMID- 7047742 TI - Transplacental transfer of antibodies to tubular basement membrane. PMID- 7047743 TI - The study of a lymphokine, polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotactic factor from lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The production of a lymphokine, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotactic factor (CF) was studied in lymphocytes obtained from patients with rheumatoid factor positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Control lymphocytes and PMN were obtained from normal individuals. The stimulation of the lymphocytes was by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and by mixed leukocyte culture. CF was produced to the same degree by the cells from normals and from patients with RA by either type of stimulation. There is significantly less 3H-Thymidine uptake in cells from RA patients as measured by counts per minute although the stimulation index was the same. This can be accounted for by decreased proliferation of RA cells. PMID- 7047744 TI - Biosynthesis of complement components. PMID- 7047745 TI - In vivo and in vitro cell-mediated immunity in tuberculous meningitis. AB - This study assessed in vivo and in vitro parameters of cell-mediated immunity in 45 tuberculous meningitis patients. Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), Candida albicans and streptokinase-streptodornase antigens were lacking in 34 patients compared to 2 of 54 normal volunteers. Circulating T lymphocyte subpopulations (E-rosetting active and total T cells) were diminished in 41 patients studied compared to 41 normal donors (p less than 0.001). Lymphocyte blast responses to PPD (25 micrograms-500 micrograms/ml) were positive but quantitatively depressed in all 34 patients studied compared to PPD positive normal donors (p less than 0.001). Phytohemagglutinin responses were significantly depressed (p less than 0.001). Repeat studies in 20 patients 4-5 months post-therapy resulted in reversals of all parameters to control values with heightened blastogenic responses to all PPD concentrations. PMID- 7047746 TI - Immune complexes in experimental T. pallidum infection in rabbits. AB - The polyethylene glycol precipitation method can be used to detect immune complexes in the sera of rabbits experimentally infected with Treponema pallidum. Immune complexes are present in the serum of rabbits infected either intravenously or intratesticularly and only when syphilitic lesions were present. Immune complexes were not observed in the serum of rabbits infected intradermally with T. pallidum. PMID- 7047747 TI - Interaction between human neutrophils and group B streptococci (GBS) and group antigens, monitored by Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. AB - Interaction between the five serotypes of GBS and human neutrophils was investigated using Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. A considerable variation in response, and a variable dependence pre-opsonisation was demonstrated both for while bacteria and HCl-extracts. These preliminary results may have relevance to clinical infection with GBS and demonstrate hitherto unrecognised differences in the nature of "group-specific" antigen extracts from GBS serotypes. PMID- 7047748 TI - Autoantibodies to fibroblasts in scleroderma. AB - Sera from 33 patients with scleroderma were examined for immunofluorescent reactivity with viable or acetone-fixed fibroblasts. All 33 sera reacted with the cell surface membranes of viable fibroblasts. 23 of 33 sera (70%) also reacted with nuclei of acetone-fixed fibroblasts. The commonest nuclear staining pattern was homogeneous (46%) followed by nucleolar (36%) and speckled (23%). 70% showed more than 1 staining pattern in the same serum. Antibody titres of homogeneous and nucleolar staining patterns (1:8 to 1:1024) were generally higher than those of the speckled pattern (1:8 to 1:256). No change in pattern or titre was noted in sera from 4 patients over a 10-12 month period. Antibody in sera with homogeneous or nucleolar staining patterns belonged to one or more of the 3 major antibody classes, IgG, IgM or IgA while antibody in sera with a speckled nuclear pattern belonged to the IgM class only. No correlation was found between the pattern of anti-nuclear reactivity and visceral involvement. PMID- 7047749 TI - Regulatory and essential light-chain interactions in scallop myosin. II. Photochemical cross-linking of regulatory and essential light-chains by heterobifunctional reagents. PMID- 7047750 TI - Escherichia coli lac repressor is elongated with its operator DNA binding domains located at both ends. PMID- 7047751 TI - Stabilization of the hexameric form of Escherichia coli protein rho under ATP hydrolysis conditions. PMID- 7047752 TI - Arabinose-inducible promoter from Escherichia coli. Its cloning from chromosomal DNA, identification as the araFG promoter and sequence. PMID- 7047754 TI - Peer profile: Judith Whipple Oehler, RN, EdD, FAAN. PMID- 7047755 TI - Childbirth - yesterday & today. PMID- 7047753 TI - Structural characteristics of genome organization in amphibians: differential staining of chromosomes and DNA structure. PMID- 7047756 TI - Immunoselection of oligodendrocytes by magnetic beads. I. Determination of antibody coupling parameters and cell binding conditions. AB - Oligodendrocytes from early postnatal mouse cerebellum were isolated using polyacrylamide-coated magnetic beads carrying monoclonal antibody to 04 cell surface antigen. Oligodendrocytes were enriched to a purity of 91 +/- 4% starting from a mixed cell population containing approximately 1.5% antigen-positive oligodendrocytes. Viability of 04 antigen-positive oligodendrocytes was approximately 90% as judged by exclusion of trypan blue. Oligodendrocytes were recovered after detachment from the beads with a yield of 19 +/- 6% and after collection by centrifugation onto glass coverslips with yields of approximately 6% of all 04 antigen-positive cells. The final cell yield of oligodendrocytes is approximately 8 x 10(5) cells/gram fresh cerebellar tissue. PMID- 7047757 TI - Immunoselection of oligodendrocytes by magnetic beads. II. In vitro maintenance of immunoselected oligodendrocytes. AB - Oligodendrocytes isolated by immunoaffinity on magnetic beads using a monoclonal antibody to oligodendrocyte cell surfaces were obtained with a purity of 91 +/- 4% [see companion paper, Meier et al, 1982]. Contaminating cells consisted mostly of tetanus toxin-positive neurons with small cell bodies. Very few glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes and fibronectin-positive fibroblasts or fibroblast-like cells could be detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Macrophages, as identified by their characteristic morphology, were rarely detectable in the cultures. With increasing time in culture, the degree of homogeneity of the cultured oligodendrocytes increased slightly, while the cell density of oligodendrocytes decreased drastically within the first week of culture. Cultures of immunoselected oligodendrocytes with a lower degree of purity showed a better survival of oligodendrocytes, but a considerable reduction in purity after three weeks in culture, probably due to overgrowth of nonoligodendroglial elements. PMID- 7047758 TI - Choline acetyltransferase: further studies on the reverse reaction. AB - In order to further characterize the reaction mechanism of brain ChAc in its purified form, we have investigated the reverse reaction of ChAc in terms of pH optimum, salt effects, and substrate kinetics using a radiochemical assay. We directly measured the reaction product acetylcoenzyme A which was separated from the substrate ACh by a cation exchange column. Dowex 50W-X8 (Na+ form). The reverse reaction of ChAc was linear with incubation time up to 40 minutes, and with enzyme protein concentration up to 5 micrograms. It had a pH optimum at 7.0. At 0.22 M the monovalent chloride and bromide salts activated the reverse ChAc activity by 23-47% but the fluoride and iodide salts inhibited the reverse enzyme activity by 10-30%. Kinetic studies in the absence of salt showed that KACh was 0.62 +/- 0.06 mM, KCoA . SH was 12.68 +/- 1.21 microM, and Vmax was 11.6 +/- 1.0 nmol AcCoA/mg protein/min. These data are in disagreement with the values reported on partially purified ChAc from bovine brain by Glover and Potter [1971] and Hersh [1980]. This indicates that further investigations are necessary to clarify or resolve these differences. PMID- 7047759 TI - Effects of 7, 8-benzoflavone and SKF 525-A on the enzyme-mediated mutagenicity of phenylenediamines. AB - The effects of microsomal enzyme inhibitors (7, 8-BF and SKF 525-A) on the S-9 mediated mutagenicity of o-, m- and p-phenylenediamine were investigated using Salmonella typhimurium TA98. SKF 525-A did not affect the enzyme-mediated mutagenicity of m- and p-phenylenediamine, while 7, 8-BF reduced significantly the mutagenicity of all three isomers of phenylenediamine. When the enzyme reactions in the agar overlayer were stopped successively by adding 7, 8-BF directly onto the plate, the number of revertants increased linearly with time at least for 6 hours. These data suggest that cytochrome P-448 takes a main role in the activation of phenylenediamines and that in the agar layer this microsomal enzyme remain active for a period as long as 6 hours at 37 degrees C. PMID- 7047760 TI - Burns updated in China: I. Cutaneous thermal burns. AB - Clinical research on burns has developed substantially in China since 1958. Having the rich inheritance of our traditional medicine the study of burn treatment in our country has developed in a way somewhat different from that in Western countries. In this paper, the outcome of the clinical practice and research work related to traditional herbal medicine in fluid resuscitation and wound management is briefly described. In the field of estimation of the surface area and depth classification, immunology and its clinical practice of skin graft, burn wound sapremia and burn septicemia, much clinical and laboratory research work was studied by the Chinese surgeons in the past 10 years. Also, prevention of scar overgrowth and deformity following its burn contracture by prophylactic management is discussed. PMID- 7047761 TI - Burns updated in China: II. Special burn injury and burns of special areas. AB - The pathogenesis, pathology, classification, clinical features and prognosis of pulmonary burn injury have been studied recently by Chinese surgeons. New methods to treat electrical contact burns and chemical burns are introduced in this paper. The initial attempt to use microvascular surgical technic for repairing the post-burned tissue defect has developed successfully in China. PMID- 7047762 TI - A study of Giardia infection in irradiated and thymectomized mice. AB - Thymectomized and irradiated mice were infected with Giardia cysts obtained from a human source. The animals were killed on the third, sixth, ninth, 12th and 15th days post-infection. The intestinal contents were collected and a count of motile trophozoites was made. The results were compared with an infected control group of animals which were similar to the experimental group in age, sex, weight and species. There was a considerable increase in the trophozoites counts in the experimental group on the third, sixth, ninth and 12th days of the experiment with the differences from the control group being highly significant (P less than 0.001) on each comparable day of study. However, no such difference was observed on the 15th day post-infection. Both groups of animals showed an initial rise in the trophozoite counts with the peak on the 9th day post-infection followed by a fall in the counts on the 12th and 15th day. The difference on each successive day of experiment was highly significant. Six out of 30 (20%) mice in the experimental group died, with all the deaths occurring within the first 6 days post-infection. On the other hand, there were no deaths in the control group and in the uninfected thymectomized and irradiated group. These observations were further substantiated by the more severe histological changes in the villi and lymphocyte infiltration in the experimental group than in the control group. Therefore it is surmised that the intensity of Giardia infection in mice with depressed cell mediated immunity is considerably increased. However, it is interesting to note that these animals show a definite trend towards recovery as do normal animals with Giardia infection. PMID- 7047763 TI - An historical profile of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. PMID- 7047764 TI - Escherichia coli mutant which restricts T7 bacteriophage has an altered RNA polymerase. AB - We have previously described an Escherichia coli K-12 mutant, Y49, which restricts the growth of bacteriophage T7 and causes the accumulation of short DNA molecules and head-related particles during infection. We now show that the basis for these effects is the inability of the T7 gene 2 product to inactivate the Y49 RNA polymerase during infection, similar to what has been shown by DeWyngaert and Hinkle (J. Biol. Chem. 254:11247--11253, 1979) for the BR3 and tsnB strains of E. coli. PMID- 7047765 TI - A Hammondia-like coccidian with a mink-muskrat life cycle. AB - A tissue cyst-forming coccidian morphologically resembling the known species Hammondia has a mink-muskrat life cycle. Cysts are found in skeletal muscle of muskrats (Ondatra zibetheca). Mink (Mustela vison) fed infected muskrat carcasses shed oocysts for 4 to 6 days after a prepatent period of 6 to 8 days. The oocysts, 99% of which are unsporulated in mink feces, measure 11.5 to 12 microns X 10 to 11 microns. Sporulated oocysts have 2 sporocysts, each with 4 sporozoites. The present work was insufficient to establish whether this Hammondia-like parasite is identical to the known Hammondia spp. or is a new parasite, although the evidence gathered supports the hypothesis that this parasite is a new member of the genus Hammondia. PMID- 7047766 TI - Potentiation of keystone virus infection in cotton rats by glucocorticoid-induced stress. AB - Cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) were treated daily with corticosteroids and then inoculated with keystone virus. Viremia and neutralizing antibody profiles were determined in treated and untreated rats. Compared to untreated rats, the treated rats were substantially more susceptible to infection, and their viremia lasted much longer. This experimental model suggests that stress associated with excess glucocorticoid synthesis within a natural population could cause an increase in transmission of arboviruses. It also suggests that the effects of stress should be considered when experimental laboratory studies are designed. PMID- 7047768 TI - Sequential bacteremia and fungemia associated with carcinoma of the colon. PMID- 7047769 TI - Goals for The Journal. PMID- 7047767 TI - Fatal pneumonia of bighorn sheep following association with domestic sheep. AB - During 1979-1980 acute fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia resulted in high mortality or total loss of herds of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in California and Washington. Contact with domestic sheep occurred shortly before the onset of disease in each case. Circumstantial evidence indicated that the apparently healthy domestic sheep transmitted pathogenic bacteria to the bighorns, resulting in mortality. Pasteurella multocida and Corynebacterium pyogenes were isolated from pulmonary tissue of dead bighorns. The presence of domestic sheep may have been an important stress which initiated or compounded the disease. PMID- 7047770 TI - Usefulness of home BP determination in treating borderline hypertension. AB - This study explores whether home BP self-determination can be used to assess the effect of treatment in patients with borderline hypertension. Sixteen untreated patients underwent a double-blind trial of propranolol hydrochloride (average dose, 105 mg), clonidine hydrochloride (0.24 mg), and placebo. Home BP readings decreased with both active compounds (-8/-5 with propranolol and -11/-7 with clonidine). During placebo, the readings increased to levels identical to untreated values. This study demonstrates that patients with borderline hypertension are consistently capable of detecting small average changes in home BP. It is also shown that sympatholytic monotherapy can be effectively used to lower the BP in such patients. PMID- 7047771 TI - Sir Charles Tupper. PMID- 7047772 TI - Andre Marie Ampere. PMID- 7047773 TI - Alexander Butlerov. PMID- 7047774 TI - Cooling then culling blood complexes combats arthritis. PMID- 7047775 TI - "Pseudo-pseudobacteremia". PMID- 7047776 TI - Intravenous arteriography using digital subtraction techniques. AB - The application of digital computers to electronic x-ray imaging devices has rejuvenated interest in the field of intravenous arteriography. By utilizing computer image subtraction techniques, digital roentgenographic systems based on fluoroscopy or computed tomography (scanned projection radiography) provide significantly improved vascular imaging compared with conventional film subtraction methods. Digital subtraction angiography schemes isolate contrast media in the vessel by detecting differences in images obtained before and after the injection of contrast medium or changes in the relative attenuation of contrast media at different x-ray energies. Present applications include carotid and peripheral arteriography, thoracic and abdominal aortography, pulmonary arteriography, and ventriculography. Future applications may include intracerebral and coronary arteriography. These systems should provide low-risk outpatient screening arteriography. PMID- 7047777 TI - Louis Jacques Thenard. PMID- 7047778 TI - Medicine in the USA: historical vignettes. II. Medical education: the early phases. PMID- 7047779 TI - James Clerk Maxwell. PMID- 7047780 TI - New trials to further evaluate intracoronary use of streptokinase. PMID- 7047781 TI - T-cell stimulator undergoes diverse testing. PMID- 7047782 TI - Toxic shock and tampons. Evaluation of the epidemiologic evidence. AB - The main evidence that tampons are an etiologic cofactor in the development of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) comes from epidemiologic case-control studies. The patients chosen as cases in those studies were assembled from reports submitted to health agencies in response to publicity that may have influenced physicians to diagnose TSS and to submit reports particularly in situations where the patient was a menstruating tampon user. When the submitted reports were checked for fulfillment of TSS diagnostic criteria, and when cases or controls were asked about antecedent tampon usage, suitable scientific precautions were not used to achieve "blinded" objective decisions. Since these biases would have distorted the statistical relationships, the etiologic role of tampons in TSS has not been scientifically proved. PMID- 7047783 TI - Plasma nicotine levels produced by chewing nicotine gum. AB - Nicotine chewing gum is designed to maintain plasma nicotine levels during a smoking cessation effort while the individual copes with the loss of the repetitive behavioral components of smoking. The plasma nicotine levels obtained with hourly gum chewing were compared with levels obtained with cigarette smoking in nine patients with lung disease. Chewing 2- and 4-mg nicotine gum hourly produced mean steady-state plasma nicotine levels of 11.8 and 23.2 ng/mL, respectively. This compares with a mean plasma nicotine trough level during usual smoking of 15.7 ng/mL and a mean trough level of 18.3 ng/mL with hourly smoking of a cigarette with a nicotine yield of 1.1 mg. Few side effects were seen with the use of either the 2- or 4-mg gum. In a short-term study, nicotine gum proved an acceptable source of nicotine for aiding smoking cessation. PMID- 7047784 TI - Neutropenia associated with maprotiline. PMID- 7047785 TI - The Morris-Fishbein fellowship in medical journalism. PMID- 7047786 TI - Computer-assisted medical decision-making: interest growing. PMID- 7047787 TI - Hans Christian Orsted. PMID- 7047789 TI - Different effects of captopril on blood pressure in the acute and chronic two kidney Goldblatt hypertensive dogs. AB - Captopril was administered to acute (8 to 14 days after unilateral renal artery constriction) and chronic (71 to 127 days after the constriction) two-kidney Goldblatt hypertensive dogs, and to normotensive ones for 21 days (oral administration of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg/day, consecutively each 7-day period). The decrease of arterial blood pressure was remarkable in hypertensive animals with high plasma renin activity, but not in the normotensive animals. In the acute stage of hypertension, the antihypertensive effect of captopril was dose dependent and persistent even after its cessation. In the chronic stage of hypertension, blood pressure also decreased, but the response was not dose dependent and did not continue after cessation. Plasma renin activity rose in both hypertensive and normotensive animals during the treatment with captopril. There were no significant changes in heart rate, daily urinary volume, sodium balance, and renal clearances of sodium (CNa), potassium (CK), chloride (CCl) and creatinine (CCr). Circulating blood volume was also not altered. These results indicate that the main mechanism of antihypertensive effect of captopril in two kidney Goldblatt hypertensive dogs is an inhibition of the angiotensin converting enzyme. In addition, the different effects in the acute and chronic hypertensive dogs suggest that some differences exist in the mechanism(s) of maintaining blood pressure between the two stages of two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension in dogs. PMID- 7047788 TI - Ineffectiveness of topical idoxuridine in dimethyl sulfoxide for therapy for genital herpes. AB - The efficacy and toxicity of topical applications of 30% idoxuridine in dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfoxide alone, or saline in 96 recurrent and 39 first episodes of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection were compared. Drug was applied to lesions four times daily for seven days. In recurrent episodes, the duration of viral shedding after beginning idoxuridine in dimethyl sulfoxide use was significantly shorter (0.6 days) than with dimethyl sulfoxide (1.4 days) or saline (2.0 days) (P less than .05). In primary episodes, viral shedding lasted 2.6 days with idoxuridine in dimethyl sulfoxide and 8.4 days with dimethyl sulfoxide or saline. Idoxuridine in dimethyl sulfoxide had no effect in recurrent or primary HSV on duration of symptoms, new lesion formation, healing time, or risk of subsequent recurrence. Complications in patients given idoxuridine in dimethyl sulfoxide included local burning, generalized contact dermatitis, and vulvar carcinoma in situ. Thirty percent idoxuridine in dimethyl sulfoxide has no effect on clinical manifestations of genital HSV infection and may be hazardous. PMID- 7047790 TI - [Review [new antibiotics series III]: micronomicin (author's transl)]. AB - Micronomicin is a new aminoglycosidic antibiotic discovered and developed by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. It is produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans. Investigation of micronomicin performed in 134 research facilities in Japan led to the following results. 1) Micronomicin showed a broad antibacterial spectrum against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. 2) In susceptibility tests of clinical isolates, micronomicin was almost similarly active to GM. 3) Bactericidal activity of micronomicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli was higher than those of TOB and DKB. 4) Micronomicin showed a synergistic antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli with CBPC and SBPC. 5) The therapeutic activity of micronomicin in mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia sp. was in high correlation with in vitro antibacterial activity similarly to that of GM. 6) Micronomicin was confirmed to be stable against aminoglycoside 6'-acetyltransferase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to be not inactivated. 7) Pharmacokinetics of micronomicin was almost similar to those of GM with respect to the concentrations in the serum, urine and tissues. 8) Ototoxicity of micronomicin in guinea pigs was found to be approximately four times less than that of GM. 9) Nephrotoxicity of micronomicin in rabbits was estimated to be less than those of GM and DKB. In rats, nephrotoxicity of micronomicin was approximately 4 times less than that of GM. 10) Micronomicin was effective on 964 cases out of 1,469 cases from 127 research facilities in Japan (65.6%), suggesting its favorable activity against respiratory tract infections and against urinary tract infections. 11) Side effects with the drug were observed in 43 cases out of 1,532 cases (2.81%). Abnormalities in laboratory findings were also recognized, but transient without severe cases. 12) In conclusion, micronomicin is a favorable drug having lesser ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity as well as antibacterial and bactericidal activity of aminoglycosidic antibiotics usually used. PMID- 7047791 TI - [Review [new antibiotics series V]: cefaclor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047792 TI - [Studies on the combination action of ampicillin and dicloxacillin (author's transl]. AB - The combination action of ampicillin and dicloxacillin was studied in vitro. The following conclusions were obtained. 1) When both ampicillin and dicloxacillin were employed, an increase in antibacterial activity was observed against beta lactamase producing E. coli No. 106 (clinical isolated strain). 2) A synergistic action of ampicillin and dicloxacillin was proved by chequer board dilution method for E. coli No. 106. 3) A same synergistic action of ampicillin and dicloxacillin was also proved by the growth curve for E. coli No. 106. 4) Dicloxacillin showed an inhibition in degradation of ampicillin brought about by beta-lactamase extracted from E. coli No. 106. 5) When the organisms of E. coli No. 106 were exposed to the combination of ampicillin and dicloxacillin, spheroplast-like structure and lysis were observed by scanning electron microscope. PMID- 7047793 TI - [Preclinical and clinical evaluation of micronomicin sulfate eye drops (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047794 TI - [Morphological alterations in Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens induced by cefotetan (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of cefotetan (CTT, YM09330) and cefmetazole (CMZ) on the morphological changes of Escherichia coli NY-17 and Serratia marcescens IID 620 were examined with scanning electron microscope. 1) CTT and caused E. Coli NY-17 filamentous forms at 0.024 microgram/ml but CMZ showed same morphological changes at 0.2 microgram/ml which is about 10 fold higher concentration than that of CTT. Spheroplast like structures and cell lysis were observed at lower concentrations than those of CMZ. 2) In case of Serratia marcescens IID 620, filamentous forms, spheroplast like structures and cell lysis were also observed at lower concentrations than those of CMZ. The action of CTT against the both strains was bactericidal. PMID- 7047795 TI - [Compared studies of antimicrobial agents against E. coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Proteus isolated from urinary tract infections]. AB - In vitro activities of antibacterial agents against E. coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Proteus which were isolated from patients urinary tract infections at 8 hospitals in Japan, were investigated by agar dilution method from July to October in 1979. The summarized results are as follows. 1. Among oral antibacterial agents, MPC and PPA have showed potent antibacterial activities against E. coli and Klebsiella. Among parenteral antibiotics, CTM was the most active against E. coli and Klebsiella. However, ABPC-resistant E. coli and Klebsiella have appeared to occupy about 40% and 96% of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections, respectively. 2. In vitro activities of antibacterial agents against Proteus and Citrobacter showed not so potent. 3. Causative organisms in female patients with simple urinary tract infections were mainly E. coli and Klebsiella. 4. Among oral antibacterial agents, PPA have shown similar antimicrobial activities against E. coli isolated from simple and complicated urinary tract infections. ABPC and MPC have been influenced in some degree by these factors. However, parenteral antibiotics are not influenced by these factors. On the other hand, in vitro activities of antibacterial agents against Klebsiella isolated from simple and complicated urinary tract infections were similar. PMID- 7047796 TI - [Studies of circulating immune complexes in various hematological disorders by 4 methods including solid-phase C l q enzyme immunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047798 TI - [Platelets in biology and pathology during foetal and neonatal period (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047797 TI - [Experiences of 16 children treated with bone marrow transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047799 TI - [Intestinal transport of ions]. PMID- 7047800 TI - [Significance of determination of intracellular ion activity]. PMID- 7047801 TI - [Theoretical background of insulin-glucagon therapy in liver failure]. PMID- 7047802 TI - [Proper dosage and ratio of supplementary insulin-glucagon for the management of liver failure]. PMID- 7047803 TI - [Development and applications of enzyme immunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047804 TI - [CT appearance of primary malignant lymphoma of brain--report of three cases- (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047805 TI - [Immunohistochemical studies on gastric tissues with intestinal metaplasia and cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047806 TI - [Plasma insulin, C-peptide and pancreatic glucagon responses to oral glucose load in chronic liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047807 TI - [Clinical studies on liver injuries in obese subjects. (2) Relationship between hepatic lipid content and various blood hormone levels including insulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047808 TI - [Immunohistological study of the localization of hepatitis B virus associated antigens in human pancreatic tissue (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047809 TI - [Electrical phenomena in biorheology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047810 TI - [Simulation analysis in hemorheology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047811 TI - [Aggregation and deformation of erythrocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047812 TI - [Thrombosis and blood rheology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047813 TI - [Biofluid mechanics--fluid mechanics in the heart and large vessels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047814 TI - [Mechanical properties of living tissues (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047815 TI - [Constitutive laws of natural soft tissues (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047816 TI - [Rheological approach to atherosclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047817 TI - [Red cell rheology and membrane--application of image processing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047818 TI - [Biorheology of mass transport (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047819 TI - [A decreased metabolic clearance rate of aldosterone in low-renin essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047820 TI - [Distribution of fibronectin in human glomeruli in various types of renal diseases. Relationship of the distribution pattern with the deposition of fibrin, alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor and plasminogen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047821 TI - [Effect of [Sar1, ile8] angiotensin II and SW 14,225 in renovascular hypertension -comparison between unilateral and bilateral renal artery stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047822 TI - [A role of fibrin deposits in the development of rabbit Masugi nephritis and effect of urokinase on the experimental glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047823 TI - [A case of bilateral renovascular hypertension controlled by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) after arterioplasty for predominantly stenotic side (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047824 TI - [Aldosterone response to metoclopramide, a dopaminergic inhibitor, in normal men; evaluation of the mechanisms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047825 TI - Potentiation of insulin secretory response of rats by BCG injection. AB - Effects of BCG cells on blood insulin, glucose, glycerol and free fatty acid (FFA), and liver glycogen were examined in rats in vivo. Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was used as a solution containing BCG cells. Insulin secretion and lactate production by isoproterenol were enhanced by FCA injection. Hyperglycemia induced by epinephrine was somewhat attenuated by treating rats with FCA. The increment of plasma FFA by isoproterenol was smaller in FAC-injected rats than that in control rats. The amount of glycogen in liver was increased by FCA treatment Anti-insulin antiserum (AIS) did not modify the lactate producing action of isoproterenol. FFA release stimulated by isoproterenol was enhanced by AIS. Liver glycogen content in FCA-injected rats was decreased by AIS injection. These results suggest that some component(s) of BCG cells may enhance insulin release stimulated by secretagogues, and insulin thus released attenuates some metabolic effects of the agonist. PMID- 7047826 TI - Effects of arachidonic acid and bradykinin on the coronary flow, release of PGI2 and cardiac functions in the perfused guinea-pig heart. AB - The contribution of prostacyclin (PGI2) to the coronary vasodilating action of arachidonic acid (AA) and bradykinin (BK) was examined in isolated perfused guinea-pig hearts. The injection of Aa (100 to 1,000 ng) and BK (1 to 100 ng) into the heart resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the total amount of coronary flow and a release of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha, a stable metabolite of PGI2. Both AA and BK showed weak positive chronotropic effects. In addition, higher doses (300 and 1,000 ng) of AA caused a transient reduction in the coronary flow rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, and left ventricular dp/dt. The changes in coronary flow, release of PGI2, and all cardiodynamic parameters induced by AA were abolished by pretreatment of the preparation with diclofenac-Na. On the other hand, the BK-induced increase in coronary flow rate was only partially reduced by diclofenac-Na when the release of 6-keto prostaglandin F1alpha was completely inhibited. It is concluded that in isolated perfused guinea-pig hearts, BK has both PGI2-independent and PGI-2-dependent coronary vasodilating actions; the latter action is less than 25%, and the coronary vasodilating action of AA is mainly mediated via PGI2. PMID- 7047827 TI - [Studies on retrograde Proteus mirabilis pyelonephritis in the rat. III. Study of the plasma corticosterone on the concomitant thymic involution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047828 TI - [Transplantation and culture of human cancer cell line (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047829 TI - [The significance of urinary ionized calcium as the early diagnosis of acute rejection in a case of renal transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047830 TI - Optical radiation measurements: instrumentation and sources of error. AB - Accurate measurement of optical radiation is required when sources of this radiation are used in biological research. The most difficult measurements of broadband noncoherent optical radiations usually must be performed by a highly trained specialist using sophisticated, complex, and expensive instruments. Presentation of the results of such measurement requires correct use of quantities and units with which many biological researchers are unfamiliar. The measurement process, physical quantities and units, measurement systems with instruments, and sources of error and uncertainties associated with optical radiation measurements are reviewed. PMID- 7047831 TI - Modification of photocarcinogenesis by chemical agents. AB - The evidence is long standing and compelling that chemical agents can modify the carcinogenic effects of light. Various types of chemical-light interaction are discussed, and events in chemical photocarcinogenesis, chemically enhanced photocarcinogenesis, and promotion of photocarcinogenesis are described. Specific examples of each type of process are given, and the importance of interaction of various wavelengths of UV radiation for these processes is stressed. PMID- 7047832 TI - Current status of predictive animal models for drug photoallergy and their correlation with drug photoallergy in humans. AB - The number of adverse responses considered to be drug photosensitivity reactions account for only an exceedingly small percentage of the total undesirable effects from environmental chemicals. However, the rising incidence of and severe disability resulting from drug photosensitivity, especially when the photosensitivity is of the persistent light reactor type, indicate that increased photobiologic research and development efforts are required. Predictive tests are an obvious approach to minimize or eliminate those chemicals showing a risk benefit ratio that is undesirable to society in general or to an unknowing individual in particular. Animal models with predictive value for determining the risk of photoallergic contact dermatitis in humans have undergone considerable modification during the past decade. This study reports an improved experimental guinea pig model for inducing photoallergic contact dermatitis to musk ambrette. In contrast to previously described models that used Freund's adjuvant, this model does not require nuchal stripping with cellophane tape. Control studies for primary irritancy, phototoxicity, allergic contact dermatitis, and "angry back" syndrome were included in the experimental design. Only photoallergic contact dermatitis was observed. Although the technique used to demonstrate this phenomenon is conducive to standardization, additional studies are required to ascertain whether or not other chemicals known to be photoallergic in humans can also be demonstrated with this animal model. PMID- 7047833 TI - Decrease of tumor growth in mice after intravenous thymosin-treated bone marrow cell injection. AB - The effect of iv injection in C57BL/6 mice of 3X10(7) bone marrow cells preincubated in either thymosin fraction V or thymosin alpha-1 was evaluated on the growth of a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced transplantable tumor in a syngeneic system. The effect was then compared to that elicited by theophylline or levamisole, which both demonstrated thymosin-like action in vitro. The results showed significantly retarded tumor growth (P less than 0.001) and prolonged survival time (P less than 0.001) when thymosin fraction V was used. The same results were obtained with thymosin alpha-1 with use of the same protocol but only one-twentieth of the concentration of fraction V. Theophylline and levamisole demonstrated no antitumor effect. PMID- 7047834 TI - Depression of natural antitumor resistance of C57BL/6 mice by leukemogenic doses of radiation and restoration of resistance by transfer of bone marrow or spleen cells from normal, but not beige, syngeneic mice. AB - Small fractionated doses of radiation (4 weekly doses of 179 rad) induced leukemia in 93% of C57BL/6J mice. These leukemogenic doses of radiation were associated with suppression of natural killer (NK) cell activity as assessed in vitro by cytotoxic activity of spleen cells or in vivo by the ability of irradiated mice to eliminate iv inoculated radiolabeled YAC-1 lymphoma cells. This suppressive effect of irradiation was profound and prolonged, being detectable for at least 7 weeks after the last dose of radiation. NK reactivity of irradiated C57BL/6 +/+ or C57BL/6 beige mice could be reconstituted by iv transfer of 10 X 10(6) bone marrow cells or 50 x 10(6) spleen cells from normal C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, transfer of bone marrow or spleen cells from beige donors did not change the NK reactivity of irradiated C57BL/6 +/+ or C57BL/6 bg/bg recipients. It was also shown that the irradiation protocol did not eliminate potentially reactive NK cells, because following interferon incubation (10(3) U/ml), the NK activity of spleen cells of irradiated mice was substantially increased. This study supports the hypothesis of an important role for NK cells in radiation-induced leukemogenesis and forms the basis for exploration of the needed, more direct data on the effects of reconstitution of NK activity on subsequent development of tumors. PMID- 7047835 TI - Progress in resection of the chest wall for tumor with reminiscences of Dr. Blalock. PMID- 7047836 TI - Surgical repair of the Marfan aorta: technique, indications and complications. PMID- 7047837 TI - [New insulins]. PMID- 7047838 TI - [Pancreas transplantation. Immunology and technics]. PMID- 7047839 TI - [Efficacy of continuous administration of insulin by subcutaneous route in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7047840 TI - [The arterial wall, insulin, diabetes and atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7047841 TI - [Erythrocyte insulin receptors technics and clinical applications]. PMID- 7047842 TI - [Effect of nutritional factors on the binding of insulin to erythrocyte receptors]. PMID- 7047843 TI - [Insulin receptors and interference by medication: in vivo and in vitro studies]. PMID- 7047844 TI - [Respective roles of insulin resistance and disorders of secretion of this hormone in the non-insulin-dependent diabetic]. PMID- 7047845 TI - [Evolution of a population of insulin-dependent diabetics. 55 years' experience in a diabetology practice]. PMID- 7047846 TI - [This is our joint undertaking]. PMID- 7047848 TI - [American nursing. Outline of the history of the development of studies in the United States. (I)]. PMID- 7047847 TI - [Social position and evaluation of nurses in modern history of nursing in Japan. 24]. PMID- 7047849 TI - [Value of determining cardiac creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) activity in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7047850 TI - [Vladimir Nikitich Vinogradov (100th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7047851 TI - [Contribution of Soviet scientists to the problem of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7047852 TI - [Organization in the Soviet Union, of comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7047853 TI - [Heart failure: achievements and prospects]. PMID- 7047854 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of disorders of cardiac rhythm: role of the intracardiac electrophysiological methods]. AB - The significance of electrophysiological investigation of the heart for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac rhythm disorders is shown. The results of the study of electrophysiological mechanisms and of diagnostic criteria of the more frequent reciprocal tachycardias are analysed: sino-atrial, atrial, atrioventricular nodal, tachycardias in Wolff--Parkinson--White syndrome. Ventricular tachycardia, and also disorder of the rhythm caused by automatic activity of the ectopic focus. Possibilities of the method in the study of the function of the conductive system of the heart and the assessment of the antiarrhythmic drugs are stressed. The problem of the differentiated treatment of cardiac rhythm disorders is discussed. The role of the electrophysiological investigation in the choice of individual medicinal therapy and in the pre operation study of patients with cardiac arrhythmias is stressed. PMID- 7047856 TI - [History of international congresses on cardiology and participation of Soviet scientists]. PMID- 7047855 TI - [Prevention of cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7047857 TI - [First clinical application of a new Soviet anti-arrhythmia preparation, a diethylamine derivative of ethmozin, in patients with various disorders of cardiac rhythm]. PMID- 7047858 TI - [Ethmozin pharmacokinetics after a single intravenous administration]. PMID- 7047859 TI - The role of the kidney in sodium homeostasis during maturation. AB - Evidence is presented that the retention of sodium observed during development is consequent primarily to enhanced tubular reabsorption rather than to low rates of glomerular filtration. The enhanced transport of sodium occurs in nephron segments located beyond the proximal tubule, apparently under the stimulation of the high plasma concentration of aldosterone. This adaptive mechanism may account for the fact that the infant thrives on a rather low intake of sodium, as prevails during the period of breast-feeding. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system cannot be fully inhibited even by intravascular volume expansion and this may account for the blunted natriuretic response of the developing animal and human to the acute infusion of saline or albumin solutions. Conversely, the renal sodium loss and the hyponatremia often encountered in premature babies appear to be due to an insufficient rise in aldosterone secretion or to a limited responsiveness of the distal tubule to aldosterone stimulation. PMID- 7047860 TI - Antibodies to tubular basement membrane elicited by stimulation with allogeneic kidney. PMID- 7047861 TI - Formation and clearance of tubulointerstitial immune complexes in kidney of rats immunized with heterologous antisera to Tamm-Horsfall protein. AB - Tubulointerstitial immune complex nephritis was produced by passive immunization of rats with antisera to rat Tamm-Horsfall protein (TH), a surface membrane glycoprotein of the cells of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Circulating anti-TH antibodies were deposited in the kidney after an intravenous injection of rabbit antisera to TH. These anti-TH antibodies combined with TH at the base of tubular cells in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and formed granular immune complexes in situ in the space between basal cell surface membranes and tubular basement membranes. Immune complexes were also selectively formed in this site during perfusion of isolated kidneys with antisera to TH. Tubular immune complexes containing immunoglobulin, complement, and TH were maximal during the first week after an intravenous injection while high circulating anti-TH antibody titers were present. As the antibody titers subsequently fell to undetectable levels, tubular immune complexes were rapidly cleared and were virtually absent 4 weeks after the injection. During this clearance phase, rabbit IgG and rat TH were detected in the renal interstitium and in renal hilar lymph nodes. The rapid clearance of subepithelial TH immune complexes contrasts with the prolonged persistance of both glomerular subepithelial immune complexes and basement membrane deposits formed after injection of heterologous antisera to other renal components. The process of rapid clearance of tubulointerstitial immune complexes may allow rapid reversibility of immune injury in tubulointerstitial nephritis. PMID- 7047862 TI - Acid-base and metabolic responses to anion infusion in the anesthetized dog. AB - This study evaluated the acid-base and metabolic effects of several organic anions which might have application in the correction of metabolic acidosis during hemodialysis. Anesthetized dogs were infused intravenously with the sodium salts of either chloride, bicarbonate, acetate, lactate, or pyruvate. Acetate perturbated metabolism more than any of the other organic anions infused. These perturbations included hypoxemia, reductions in serum potassium and phosphorus, a decrease in plasma, glucose, and increases in intermediary metabolites such as lactate, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate. Transferance of our findings to hemodialysis suggests that acetate would compromise the ability of dialysis to reduce body burdens of potassium and phosphorus and provide proper base repletion. Pyruvate would appear superior to acetate as a base substitute by virtue of its lesser effects on oxygen consumption and electrolyte distribution and its capacity to produce glucose. However, the significant production of lactate with pyruvate infusion, coupled with diffusive losses of bicarbonate during dialysis and the possible instability of pyruvate in solution, would still hinder proper base repletion. Bicarbonate generation with lactate infusion was too slow to provide a practical alternative for base repletion in hemodialysis. Bicarbonate infusion caused minimal alterations in intermediary metabolism. This, in conjunction with obviating diffusive losses, suggests the use of bicarbonate would allow more appropriate base repletion during hemodialysis. PMID- 7047863 TI - Prednisone and prednisolone bioavailability in renal transplant patients. AB - Prednisone and prednisolone are drugs with the potential for therapeutic inequivalence due to bioavailability problems. The objective of our study was to compare the systemic bioavailability of prednisolone from oral prednisone and prednisolone. Nine kidney transplant patients receiving prednisone (12.5 to 22.5 mg per day) were administered, in a randomized fashion, the same dose of oral prednisone (Deltasone), oral prednisolone (Delta-cortef) and intravenous prednisolone (Hydeltrasol). Prednisolone and prednisone levels were measured using a specific high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay. Since prednisolone exhibits dose-dependent pharmacokinetics because of nonlinear plasma protein binding, bioavailability from oral prednisone and oral prednisolone, compared to the intravenous dose, was 84.5 +/- 17.8% and 95.5 +/- 17.6% using unbound drug concentrations. These differences were not statistically significant. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between the two oral formulations in peak prednisolone levels, time of peak levels or half-life using either total or unbound drug concentrations. The results from our study indicate that both of the oral preparations tested provide similar bioavailability of active prednisolone and the conversion of prednisone to prednisolone occurs rapidly. PMID- 7047864 TI - Absence of nephritogenic GBM antigen(s) in some patients with hereditary nephritis. PMID- 7047865 TI - Prognostic indicators in childhood urinary infections. PMID- 7047866 TI - [Robert Koch and tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 7047867 TI - [Substantiation of the pathogenetic prophylaxis and therapy of burns]. PMID- 7047868 TI - [Local treatment of deep thermal burns]. PMID- 7047869 TI - [Surgical treatment of suppurative pancreatitis]. PMID- 7047870 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy in esophageal-gastric hemorrhages]. PMID- 7047871 TI - [Use of secretin in the treatment of acute hemorrhaging gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7047872 TI - [Peritonization or extraperitonization of the "difficult" stump of the appendix?]. PMID- 7047873 TI - [Migration of a sewing needle from the digestive tract into the liver]. PMID- 7047874 TI - [Small ligation needle for use with everting sutures in liver surgery]. PMID- 7047875 TI - [Current methods of diagnosis of stomach diseases (literature review)]. PMID- 7047876 TI - [3 cases of rarely encountered hemorrhage into the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 7047877 TI - [Achievements in kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7047878 TI - [Acute intestinal obstruction: a study of mortality and postoperative complications]. PMID- 7047879 TI - [Hemobilia (review of the literature with the presentation of 6 cases)]. PMID- 7047880 TI - [Dr. Robert Iur'evich Berzin (1887-1950) and the Russian Red Cross Hospital in Sofia]. PMID- 7047881 TI - [Hydrophilic implant in experimental intracorneal keratoplasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047882 TI - [Present-day problems of keratoplasty in the light of our observations. Analysis of our records]. PMID- 7047883 TI - [Modern problems of keratoplasty in the light of own observations. II. Discussion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047884 TI - [Artificial scleral sinus with covering of recipient's cornea with cadaveric cornea for treating acute corneal staphyloma and keratoconus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047885 TI - [Nephelometric inhibition immunoassay (NIIA), a new methodology for the determination of phenobarbital and phenytoin concentration in serum (author's transl)]. AB - Phenobarbital and phenytoin concentration was determined in serum by the aid of the nephelometric inhibition immunoassay (NIIA) and the homogeneous enzyme immunoassay (EMIT). Both methods showed a good precision and accuracy. The comparison of the two methods in 77 sera for phenobarbital (3--68 micrograms/ml) and 39 sera for phenytoin (1.3--44 micrograms/ml) showed a very close correlation. The correlation coefficient for phenobarbital was 0,9525 and for phenytoin 0,9714. The special merits of the NIIA-method were precision, less of interference and low costs in reagent material. PMID- 7047886 TI - PWM-induced generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in patients with multiple myeloma. AB - The pokeweed-mitogen-induced transformation of B-lymphocytes into immunoglobulin secreting cells was studied in vitro in 25 patients with multiple myeloma using a reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Fifteen patients showed a good response in generating immunoglobulin-secreting cells, whereas 10 patients showed a decreased B cell reactivity which was not due to intermittent melphalan/steroid therapy administered to 15 patients. Experiments with lymphocyte subpopulations demonstrated that the inability of some multiple-myeloma patients to generate immunoglobulin-secreting cells was always based on a defect in the B-cell subset. Co-culture experiments with lymphocytes from normal individuals and patients revealed a cell-mediated suppression in one case, whereas humoral suppressive factors in the patients' serum could not be observed using the reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Patients were classified into three groups: (a) patients with a normal B-cell function, (b) patients with a reversible, tumor-dependent suppression of B-cell reactivity and (c) patients in whom the normal B-cell population was replaced by non-reactive cells. PMID- 7047887 TI - Reliability of echocardiography in assessing cardiac output. A comparative study with a dye dilution technique. AB - Because of the potential benefits froma noninvasive technique in assessing cardiac output, we compared cardiac output estimates from left ventricular echocardiograms with results obtained simultaneously by a standard technique, dye dilution in 10 healthy normal volunteers. During rest, cardiac outputs by echocardiographic and dye dilution techniques were reproducible and not significantly different. Increases in cardiac output produced by intravenous infusion of isoproterenol (15 ng/kg/min for 4 min) were accurately estimated by echocardiography in subjects whose stroke volume increased less than 40%, but were significantly underestimated when stroke volume increased more than 40%. Decreased cardiac output produced by intravenous propranolol (0.2 mg/kg) was comparable by both methods. Although echocardiography accurately estimated mean cardiac output for the group it over- or underestimated cardiac output in individual subjects. We propose that echocardiography can reliably estimate cardiac output in groups at rest and when stroke volume changes less than 40%. PMID- 7047888 TI - [Fibrinolytic therapy of lower limb deep vein thrombosis with urokinase (author's transl)]. AB - In 81 patients with deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb, urokinase therapy was performed in combination with heparin according to a new regimen at higher dosages. When urokinase was administered at an initial maintenance dosage of 1,000-2,000 IU/kg/h (loading dose 150,000-250,000 IU), phlebographically documented complete or partial recanalization could be observed in 68% of the cases. The higher dosage schedule induced a more pronounced deobliteration especially in treatment of iliac vein thromboses (67% recanalization) in comparison to the lower dosage regimen (only 43% recanalization). Nearly comparable therapeutic results could be achieved in therapy of popliteal or saphenous vein thromboses. The data suggest that the higher dosage schedule examined here is indicated in treatment of extensive and large volume thromboses. The dosage of urokinase was further adjusted to attain a reduction of fibrinogen to 50-100 mg/dl. The concentration should not fall below 50 mg/dl. Therapy with urokinase proved practicable. Serious side effects did not occur. 8.6% of the patients showed hematuria and 6% a decrease of the Hb by more than 2 g/dl. The high proportion of older thromboses and the only low rate of recanalization (23%) in these cases suggest the necessity of an early commencement of fibrinolyses in therapy of deep vein thrombosis. PMID- 7047889 TI - [Diagnosis and the means of treatment and prevention of hemodynamic disturbances]. PMID- 7047890 TI - [Development of S. P. Botkin's ideas in the field of endocrinology]. PMID- 7047891 TI - [Osteoarticular manifestations of pancreatitis]. PMID- 7047892 TI - [Pathogenesis of functional disorder of the pancreatic beta cells in mechanical jaundice patients]. PMID- 7047893 TI - [Pancreatic beta cell function and the C-peptide content in the blood serum in thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 7047894 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolic disorders in pancreonecrosis in the acute phase and in chronic conditions]. PMID- 7047895 TI - [Acceleration problem in aviation medicine]. PMID- 7047896 TI - Aneurysm of the brachiocephalic artery in a capuchin monkey (Cebus apella). PMID- 7047897 TI - The clinical diagnosis of dapsone resistant leprosy. AB - For the early recognition of dapsone resistance, it is essential to regularly examine patients at risk for suspicious new lesions, backed by regular clinical treatment records including smear results. The earlier the recognition and starting on alternative treatment, the better is the response. However, it is not advisable to change treatment without attempting at least clinical confirmation, and endorsing the chart so that the problem is not missed on subsequent occasions. PMID- 7047898 TI - Histologic profile in apparently normal skin of leprosy patients. PMID- 7047899 TI - Effect of desoxy fructo serotonin (DFS) on the multiplication of M. leprae in mouse foot-pad. PMID- 7047900 TI - A comparison of the skin scrape and skin biopsy methods in mouse foot-pad experiments with M. leprae. PMID- 7047901 TI - Analysis of phencyclidine in blood by gas chromatography, radioimmunoassay, and enzyme immunoassay. AB - Three methods were used to analyze 421 blood specimens for phencyclidine: gas chromatography, radioimmunoassay, and enzyme immunoassay. The results were compared with respect to relative frequency of apparent false responses and to quantitative data obtained. PMID- 7047902 TI - Quantitation of phencyclidine in urine by enzyme immunoassay. AB - The EMIT phencyclidine assay was modified to permit quantitative results to be obtained on urine from patients intoxicated from ingestion of phencyclidine (PCP). Additional calibrators and a clinical processor for calculating the data are required. Precision and accuracy of the quantitative procedure was determined from urine spiked with PCP. The accuracy and specificity were determined by comparing the results obtained by the EMIT procedure with results obtained by gas chromatography. The procedure meets the requirements for a quantitative clinical assay. The short turnaround time of the assay makes it ideal for emergency room determination of PCP. PMID- 7047903 TI - Naloxone and methylprednisolone in the treatment of experimental septic shock. PMID- 7047904 TI - Effect of leukocyte endogenous mediator(s) on insulin and substrate profiles in the fasted rat. PMID- 7047905 TI - George W. Holcomb, Jr., M.D. 94th President--Tennessee Medical Association. PMID- 7047906 TI - [Effects of a vasodilator, nicergoline, on fetal and placental growth in diabetic gestating rats (author's transl)]. AB - Female rats rendered diabetics following administration of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg/day I.V.) on the fifth day of pregnancy received daily injections of nicergolin) 200 micrograms/kg/day or 400 micrograms/kg/day I.P.) from day 5 through day 19 of gestation, when animals were sacrificed. It was found that nicergoline significantly reduces the frequency of abortions increases the weight of foetuses and placentas when compared to control diabetic rats. These effects are due neither to a maternal or foetal reduction of glycemia nor to modifications of insulinemia or the levels of sexual hormones of the mother. Histopathological examination of the placentas confirms the positive effect of nicergolin and appears to be due to a direct vascular action. PMID- 7047907 TI - [Decrease of the hypertensive responses to phenylephrine in the rat submitted to a sublethal dose of E. coli endotoxin. Restoration by indomethacin (author's transl)]. AB - E. Coli endotoxin was injected by i.v. route to rats at a dose immediately lower than the minimal lethal dose. Assays were performed on anesthetized rats (urethane 1 g/kg i.p.). The carotid arterial pressure was recorded 1, 2, 4, 16 and 24 hours after endotoxin administration, and hypertensive responses to three successive doses of phenylephrine (2; 5 or 10 micrograms/kg i.v.) was measured until return to initial values. Compared to control rats the hypertensive responses in the endotoxin-treated rats were depressed. This depression was evident at the first hour following endotoxin administration and was maintained at least for four hours. This lower response was improved by a treatment of the rats with indomethacin (10 mg/kg i.v.) when this drug was administered half an hour before, or concomitantly with endotoxin. When indomethacin (10 mg/kg) was given two hours after endotoxin the improvement was less marked. So did indomethacin at 5 mg/kg dose level. Indomethacin alone did not potentiate the pressive responses to phenylephrine. These results show that the endotoxin induced decrease in the hypertensive responses to phenylephrine does not appear to depend on its hypotensive or lethal effects. It can be brought together with the low cardiovascular responses to different drugs found in animals under endotoxin shock. These results show moreover that an early increase in prostaglandin synthesis under the influence of endotoxin may be involved in this depressant effect. PMID- 7047908 TI - Successful revascularization of totally ischemic bronchial autografts with omental pedicle flaps in dogs. AB - In 10 dogs, the left lung was removed and a closed stump of bronchus, comprising the distal main and lobar bronchi, was reanastomosed to the main bronchus. This totally ischemic cul-de-sac of bronchus was wrapped by an omental flap in five of the 10 dogs. All dogs without an omental wrap died of graft necrosis within 5 days. Injection studies into the bronchial arteries failed to demonstrate any revascularization of the bronchial grafts. In contrast, those dogs with omental wraps, when put to death at 23 days, displayed healthy viable bronchial grafts with full revascularization from the omental vessels. In another three dogs the revascularization via the omentum was demonstrated as early as 4 days and well established at 8 days. The ability of the omentum to rapidly revascularize the bronchus may be of value in potentially ischemic bronchial anastomoses such as in lung transplantation. PMID- 7047909 TI - [Dr Nilola Hadzi-Nikolic (1855-1915), the first obstetrician-gynecologist in Serbia and his role in the development of obstetrics and gynecology in Serbia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047911 TI - Isolation of type II alveolar epithelial cells using low protease concentrations. PMID- 7047910 TI - The failing ventilatory pump. PMID- 7047912 TI - Pediatric hypertension. PMID- 7047913 TI - [Different types of insulin-secretion in diabetes mellitus in man]. PMID- 7047914 TI - The secretion of insulin in patients with arterial hypertension, treated with hydrochlorothiazide. PMID- 7047915 TI - The immunology of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 7047916 TI - Preparation for hospitalization: a stress inoculation training program for parents and children. PMID- 7047917 TI - Stress factors preceding postpartum psychosis: a case study of an unwed adolescent. PMID- 7047918 TI - The clinical use of verapamil. AB - Verapamil was the first of a class of agents known as calcium entry blockers to be released for clinical use in the United States. Although only recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (August 1981), verapamil has been used clinically in countries other than the United States for more than 15 years and has been extensively studied experimentally. Because it is now available, it is necessary for physicians to have a working understanding of its pharmacologic effects and clinical applications. Accordingly, we are reviewing reported experience with verapamil and results of its use at the Mayo Clinic. PMID- 7047919 TI - Herpes gestationis. AB - Herpes gestationis is a rare, pruritic, blistering disease of the skin that occurs in pregnancy and the puerperium. Its recognition by those caring for the pregnant patient is important in determining appropriate care for the patient and in alerting the physician to possible effects on fetal outcome. Understanding of this disease has been rapidly expanding, and these advances are reviewed here through the use of an illustrative case report and a review of the literature. The evidence for significant risk of fetal morbidity and mortality, the potential indicators in patients who are at high risk, and the treatment approaches are stressed. PMID- 7047920 TI - A centennial remembrance of Koch's discovery of the tubercle bacillus. PMID- 7047921 TI - [On the 35th anniversary of the medical school in Sarajevo]. PMID- 7047922 TI - Uptake of 65Zn in tapetum lucidum. AB - The uptake of 65Zn (administered as 65ZnCl2) in the tapetum lucidum of ferrets was studied by whole-body autoradiography. The results showed a slow increase in the labelling of the tapetal cells and 7 days after the 65Zn-injection this tissue contained the highest radioactivity in the body. The strong tapetal labelling was registered in both albino and pigmented animals. Previous biochemical and histochemical studies have indicated that there is a specific localization of zinc in the tapetal cells and the results of the present experiments support these reports. There is evidence of a slow turnover of zinc in tissues with large endogenous zinc pools and this also appears to be the situation with the tapetal zinc. PMID- 7047923 TI - Prenatal ontogeny of neurons with enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous system: an immunohistochemical mapping investigation. AB - Immunohistochemical techniques were used to describe the presence of endogenous levels of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (ELI) in the developing central nervous system of the rat up until birth. The appearance and prenatal ontogeny of nerve cell bodies, nerve fiber pathways and varicose terminal plexuses expressing ELI were thus mapped using the indirect fluorescence immunohistochemical technique and fluorescein- and rhodamine-conjugated second antisera. ELI was first observed in beaded fibers along the midline from ventral pons to cervical spinal cord by prenatal day 15. Fluorescence could not be observed in the brains of 14 day old fetuses, although the adrenal medulla did show ELI at this stage. ELI-positive cell bodies at prenatal day 18 were found in most areas in which they have previously been described in adult rats. Many of the cells observed at prenatal day 18 were, however, not seen in untreated full term fetuses with the techniques used here. ELI-positive fibers and terminal fields begin to approach adult distributions at prenatal day 21--22. Several ELI-positive axon pathways which have not been previously reported from adult or developing brain, such as e.g. pathways in medial neocortex, in fasciculus retroflexus, in tractus mammillothalamicus, between ventral hypothalamus and globus pallidus and between ventromedial pons and the locus coeruleus area, are described. Semischematic maps are presented which outline all ELI-positive material as seen in sagittal projections of the central nervous system of 15 day, 18 day and full term fetuses. Maps of representative transverse sections of the full term brain are also included. PMID- 7047924 TI - [Clinical trial of a new drug for the treatment of atherosclerosis: pirozadil (722-D) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047925 TI - [Rhinocerebral mucormycosis. Review]. PMID- 7047926 TI - [Controlled clinical trial of a new drug (plafibride) for the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia type IV (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047927 TI - [A double blind study of the new hypolipidemic agent pirozadil (722-D) using patients with ischemic heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047928 TI - [Hypoxemia in hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 7047929 TI - Psoriasis. PMID- 7047930 TI - Cutaneous T cell lymphoma. PMID- 7047931 TI - Therapy of sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 7047932 TI - Treatment of selected photosensitivity diseases. PMID- 7047933 TI - New light on the history of penicillin. PMID- 7047935 TI - Notes on the history of dental dispensaries. PMID- 7047934 TI - Metropolitan medicine and the man-midwife: the early life and letters of Charles Locock. PMID- 7047936 TI - Nineteenth-century treatments for rabies as reported in the Lancet. PMID- 7047937 TI - An attempt to estimate the true rate of maternal mortality, sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. PMID- 7047938 TI - Physicians and the chemical analysis of mineral waters in Eighteenth-century England. PMID- 7047939 TI - Suxamethonium-the development of a modern drug from 1906 to the present day. PMID- 7047940 TI - John Addenbrooke M.D. (1680-1719). PMID- 7047941 TI - Porphyria revisited. PMID- 7047942 TI - Baroness Burdett-Coutts' garden party: the International Medical Congress, London, 1881. PMID- 7047943 TI - An Eighteenth-century surgeon and apothecary: William Elmhirst (1721-1773). PMID- 7047944 TI - The prehistoric hand pictures at Gargas: attempts at simulation. AB - A number of experimental methods of reconstructing prehistoric hand images like those in the cave of Gargas, France, are described and assessed. The results of experiments using these methods are evaluated from the point of view of the bearing they have on our knowledge about the creation of the original pictures in the cave. PMID- 7047945 TI - [Insulin infusion pump - an alternative to conventional insulin treatment in juvenile diabetes]. PMID- 7047946 TI - [Is the streptococcal diagnosis in the open care improved by culturing?]. PMID- 7047947 TI - [Vaccination against furunculosis with Staphylococcal vaccine. No difference in therapeutic effect can be noted between vaccine and placebo]. PMID- 7047948 TI - The Scott Memorial Hospital Scone: 90 years of nursing. PMID- 7047949 TI - [Peripheral aneurysms-frequency, etiology, and localisation (author's transl)]. AB - Peripheral aneurysms (p.a.) took only 4% of the 8.461 reconstructive operations in vascular surgery (1966-March 15, 1981). 44% of the p.a. were secondary to arteriosclerosis, while 41% were anastomotic aneurysms. 2/3 of all arteriosclerotic peripheral aneurysms were localized in the iliac or femoral artery; the popliteal artery was involved in 25%. 25% of the patients had 2 and more aneurysms. The popliteal aneurysm was found to be bilateral in 32%. Rupture occurred only in 3.5% whereas 27% of all peripheral aneurysms were associated with distal occlusive disease. In the asymptomatic stage amputation rate was 4%, the operative letality 2%, after complications both increased up to 16%. PMID- 7047950 TI - [Tissue reaction with platinum-iridium insulated electrodes (author's transl)]. AB - Pt-Ir-electrodes were coated with different insulations. Some of the insulations proved to be highly cytotoxic. Pt-Ir (9:1) electrodes coated with "PYRE-M.L." were easy to handle and did not show any cytotoxic effects. A change of electric impedance was found when the voltage was raised and platinum had changed the surface of the cathode. PMID- 7047951 TI - [Covering of skin by local flaps in the auricular region (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047952 TI - [Vessel structure and blood supply of free skin transplants in animal experiments in relation to their vessel supply]. AB - In the total abdominal island skin flap of the rat based on both epigastric vessels in the groin, postoperative development after arterial or venous or complete division of the neurovascular bundle was documented. Photographic documentation, planimetry of the surviving skin area were used as methods together with evaluation of the blood supply of the flaps by Xe-133 clearance. The resulting new architecture of vessels was shown photomacroscopically by Indian ink injection. The function of arterial inflow and venous outflow was shown by microangiographical fluorescent methods. Hence, it was possible to combine special operation methods with definite new vessel structures, typical necrotic areas and postoperative mean value clearance results. Due to the difference of the xenon clearance results in individual cases, this method proved incapable of giving a safe prognosis on the survival of the special flap. Fluorescent microangiography pointed to the type of surgery which had been selected, and allowed functional evaluation of the blood supply of the flap. PMID- 7047953 TI - [Speech and language disorders following adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy are the most common operations in otolaryngologic practice. Nevertheless speech and language complications postsurgery are frequently overlooked. Multiple phoniatric complications may be encountered if preoperative assessment is incomplete. PMID- 7047954 TI - [Anerobic infections in otolaryngology (author's transl)]. AB - Studies have shown, that the normal flora of the upper airway harbors many different anaerobic bacteria. They play an important role in many chronic diseases such as chronic sinusitis, chronic secretory otitis and chronic tonsillitis. On the other hand they may cause acute situations such as pharyngeal abscess, Ludwig's angina, Vincent's angina or space infections in the neck. The bacteria most frequently reported from infected sites are Bacteroides sp., anaerobic cocci and fuso-bacteria. Bacteroides fragilis plays a minor role. Anaerobic pathogens should also be considered in patients with major surgery of the head and neck following radiation therapy. This concept leads to a considerable reduction of major and minor surgical complications. PMID- 7047955 TI - [Isografts in middle ear surgery -- a histological and autoradiographic study (author's transl)]. AB - Bone and cartilage isografts were implanted into the bullae of rats. Since there is no histoincompatibility between isogeneic animals this transplantation can be used as a model for studying autografts. The donor animal was labelled with H3 glycine. This amino acid appears in the intercellular substance of bone and cartilage. After grafting changes in the labelling pattern can be followed, by autoradiography. In bone grafts it remains unchanged until the intercellular substance is removed by osteoclastic cells and is partly reutilized in new bone formation. In cartilage grafts which did not remain totally vital the labelling pattern appeared unchanged during the time of observation. In areas of new formation cartilage, no activity could be demonstrated. PMID- 7047956 TI - [The reaction of the human middle ear mucosa to the implantation of plastics. A light and electronmicroscopic study]. AB - We studied the middle ear mucosal reaction to implanted plastic materials. The implants were removed from noninfected middle ears from 9 months to 20 years postoperatively. In most cases the mucosa was normal, and invariably the implant was covered by a thick fibrous capsule. Beneath the fibrous layer and within the pores epitheloid cells and giant cells, both with finger-like projections, were found. In addition, the pores of the prostheses contained vacuolated cells, macrophages and histiocytes in various developmental stages. These findings are typical of foreign body reaction and chronic resorptive processes. PMID- 7047957 TI - [Anastomotic technique in tracheal resection. Animal experiments (author's transl)]. AB - In 24 rabbits and 6 dogs, two subtotal tracheal transsections each were reanastomosed using Dexon , Vicryl, Prolene and Mersilene in running or interrupted suture technique. In order to avoid traumatisation of the perichondrium, sutures included the marginal cartilagenous ring and all layers of the tracheal wall. By putting every second stitch in a 8-figure, an ideal adaptation could be achieved. Half of the anastomoses were secured by additional application of fibrin tissue adhesive. Macroscopical and histological examinations were carried out 5, 10, 21 and 63 days postoperatively. Mersilene resulted in remarkable inflammatory tissue reaction - increasing from the 5th day on - leading to extensive granulomas, abscesses, ulcerations of the mucosa and erosion of the cartilage. In contrast, by using synthetic absorbable materials as well as prolene, minimal tissue reaction occurred with an even and delicate scar formation. The findings do not support the view, that an extramucosal stitch technique is essential. The additional sealing with fibrin tissue adhesive increased the safety of the anastomoses during the early postoperative period. PMID- 7047958 TI - Electrophysiologic analysis of auditory, vestibular and brain stem function in chronic renal failure. PMID- 7047959 TI - Comparison of SMAS plication with SMAS imbrication in face lifting. PMID- 7047960 TI - [Sequelae of the resection in peptic ulcer (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical symptomatology of early and late sequelae after resective surgery in peptic ulcer may be dramatic or insidious; insidious changes for instance may occur in the gastric mucosa or they may be due to chronic deficiency of elementary dietary components. Loss of pylorus function and duodenal-gastric reflux are the most important causes for these symptoms. PMID- 7047961 TI - Obituary: Casimiro B Lara MD (1896-1981). PMID- 7047962 TI - [Mechanism of action of androgen hormones in the target cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047963 TI - [Arthrosis deformans as a rare complication of immunosuppressive therapy following kidney transplantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7047964 TI - Drinking, but not feeding, is opiate-sensitive in hamsters. AB - The long-lasting opiate antagonist, naltrexone (NTX), was examined for its effects on various types of consummatory behavior in male golden hamsters and rats. Rat, but not hamster, 24 hr food and water intakes were significantly decreased by four daily NTX (10.0 mg/kg) injections. Hamsters displayed a minimal night to day feeding ratio compared to rats. Hamsters increased food intake following insulin (50 U/kg) administration, but not after 24 hr food deprivation (FD) or 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG; 800 mg/kg) injections. NTX (1.0 and 10 mg/kg) had no effect on feeding, but markedly attenuated hamster drinking induced by 48 hr water deprivation or hypertonic saline injection. Dexamethasone (DEX), a glucocorticoid which depletes pituitary beta-endorphin and produces anorexia in rats, had no effect on daily hamster intake. Since the normal feeding profile of the hamster is similar to that of naloxone and DEX-treated rats, hamsters appear to lack an opiate-sensitive feeding system. In contrast, stimulated drinking behavior of hamsters operates through an opiate-sensitive mechanism. Thus, there are marked species differences concerning the involvement of endogenous opioids in consummatory behavior. PMID- 7047965 TI - The measurement of protein synthesis in biological systems. AB - Attempts to quantitate metabolism in the lung and other tissues using radioactive precursors may be subject to significant errors arising from inappropriate assumptions regarding precursor metabolism, compartmentation and specific radioactivity. This article reviews the type and magnitude of error which may complicate such measurements by presenting specific data from experiments using radioactive amino acids to estimate the rate of protein synthesis. The applicability of these observations to other metabolic systems is discussed briefly in order to develop a more general awareness of the errors which may result from incomplete validation of experimental measurements using radioisotopes. PMID- 7047966 TI - Absence of alpha-methyldopamine in rat striatum after chronic administration of d amphetamine. AB - Direct measurement by gas chromatography methane chemical ionization mass spectrometry of alpha-methyldopamine and alpha-methylnorepinephrine in rat striatum has shown the failure of these compounds to be accumulated in vivo after chronic administration of d-amphetamine despite the accumulation of alpha methyltyramine, an immediate in vitro precursor. Further, both alpha methyldopamine and alpha-methyltyramine accumulate in rat striatum after administration of alpha-methyltyrosine. These data suggest that, after administration of alpha-methyltyrosine, alpha-methyldopamine is formed via decarboxylation of alpha-methyldopa and not from hydroxylation of alpha methyltyramine. Finally, our results indicate that alpha-methyldopamine does not play a role in the development of tolerance to d-amphetamine. PMID- 7047967 TI - Comparison of bile acid synthesis determined by isotope dilution versus fecal acidic sterol output in human subjects. AB - Fecal acidic sterol output has been found to be much lower than bile acid synthesis determined by isotope dilution (J. Lipid Res. 17: 17, 1976). Because of this confusing discrepancy, we compared these 2 measurements done simultaneously on 13 occasions in 5 normal volunteers. In contrast to previous findings, bile acid synthesis by the Lindstedt isotope dilution method averaged 16.3% lower than synthesis simultaneously determined by fecal acidic sterol output (95% confidence limit for the difference - 22.2 to -10.4%). When one-sample determinations of bile acid pools were substituted for Lindstedt pools, bile acid synthesis by isotope dilution averaged 5.6% higher than synthesis by fecal acidic sterol output (95% confidence limits -4.9 to 16.1%). These data indicate that the 2 methods yield values in reasonably close agreement with one another. If anything, fecal acidic sterol outputs are slightly higher than synthesis by isotope dilution. PMID- 7047969 TI - Approaches to the preparation of oxygen carriers for use as blood substitutes. PMID- 7047968 TI - Phospholipid synthesis in S. cerevisiae strain GL7 grown without unsaturated fatty acid supplements. AB - In the absence of exogenous unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain GL7 synthesizes low levels of UFA and large amounts of decanoic, dodecanoic and tetradecanoic fatty acids. Supplementation with hemin leads to slightly higher levels of UFA, but synthesis of the medium-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) continues. Under these conditions of limited UFA availability, strain GL7 incorporates most of its UFA into phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), whereas phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine + phosphatidylinositol (PS+PI) are enriched with the medium chain SFA. The association of specific fatty acids with the various phospholipids is not accompanied by changes in the proportions of newly synthesized phospholipids, demonstrating that the fatty acid composition of PE can be modulated independently of the other phospholipids. The effect of sterol structure on the fatty acid composition of cells grown with limiting UFA was also examined. Yeast cells grown with either ergosterol or stigmasterol contained less UFA and more medium-chain SFA in their phospholipids than did cholesterol-grown cells, suggesting that the former sterols allow strain GL7 to grow with a lower UFA content. PMID- 7047970 TI - Embedding bacteria and tissue culture cells for electron microscopy. PMID- 7047971 TI - [Role of radiobiology in the development of radiotherapy]. PMID- 7047972 TI - [Anxiety and new technics of control]. PMID- 7047973 TI - [Myocardial protection over the last 20 years]. PMID- 7047974 TI - [Treatment with Scandinavian insulins. Clinical report]. PMID- 7047975 TI - Immunochemical properties of soluble fractions of Candida albicans. PMID- 7047976 TI - [Antibiotic prophylaxis]. PMID- 7047977 TI - [Cytochemical reactions in the classification of blood cell populations]. PMID- 7047978 TI - [Phenotype characterization of chronic lymphatic leukemia with monoclonal antibodies and membrane receptors]. PMID- 7047979 TI - [T and B lymphoid subpopulations in patients with leprosy]. PMID- 7047980 TI - [Review of the literature and personal experiences in cytogenetic studies in chronic myeloid leukemia]. PMID- 7047981 TI - [Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis of Ewing's tumor]. PMID- 7047982 TI - Slide immunoenzymatic assay for antigens on the bacterial surface. PMID- 7047983 TI - Insulin and glucagon binding and stimulation of amino acid transport in isolated hepatocytes from streptozotocin diabetic rats. AB - The binding of insulin and glucagon and the effects of these hormones on amino acid transport were examined in isolated rat hepatocytes from streptozotocin diabetic rats. Hepatocytes from diabetic rats bound more insulin than cells from control animals. These changes were accounted for by a 50%-60% increase in the number of insulin receptors per cell. Glucagon binding did not significantly differ in hepatocytes from both groups. Following a 2 hr incubation of the cells in vitro, the basal rate of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) influx was enhanced in diabetic rat hepatocytes compared to controls. This alteration was accounted for by an increase in the Vmax of both a low affinity and a high affinity component of transport. The ability of diabetic rat hepatocytes to respond to maximally stimulating concentrations of insulin or glucagon by enhancing further the rate of AIB influx was markedly diminished. Hormone responsiveness was restored to normal in hepatocytes from insulin-treated diabetic animals. The data suggest that in diabetic rat hepatocytes the diminished insulin and glucagon responsiveness with regard to the stimulation of amino acid transport stems from postreceptor alteration(s). PMID- 7047985 TI - Cell markers. PMID- 7047984 TI - Effects of the disaccharidase inhibitor acarbose on meal and intravenous glucose tolerance in normal man. AB - To determine whether the effects of the disaccharidase inhibitor Acarbose on glucose tolerance could be solely explained via an action on intestinal nutrient absorption, the effects of this agent and placebo (100 mg p.o.) on intravenous and postprandial glucose tolerance were compared in six normal subjects. Acarbose significantly diminished plasma glucose, insulin, and gastrointestinal inhibitory polypeptide responses following meal ingestion without affecting plasma glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide responses, but had no effect on plasma glucose and insulin responses following intravenous injection of glucose. These results suggest that the acute effects of Acarbose on glucose tolerance can be explained on the basis of its ability to alter intestinal nutrient absorption. PMID- 7047986 TI - Chromosome markers in human cancers. PMID- 7047987 TI - Evidence and appraisal of adverse reactions to drugs and other preparations used in hospital practice: detection, validation, outlook for the future. PMID- 7047988 TI - Morphology of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7047989 TI - Immuno-methods in diagnostic hematopathology. PMID- 7047990 TI - Proteolysis of rhodopsin. PMID- 7047991 TI - Assay of phosphorylation of rhodopsin in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7047992 TI - Purification and properties of rod outer segment kinases. PMID- 7047993 TI - Preparation and characterization of sealed bovine rod cell outer segments. PMID- 7047994 TI - Preparation of osmotically intact rod outer segment disks by Ficoll flotation. PMID- 7047995 TI - Renewal of photoreceptor cells. PMID- 7047996 TI - Rhodopsin biosynthesis in isolated retinas. PMID- 7047997 TI - Altered biosynthesis in retinal degeneration. PMID- 7047998 TI - Renewal of lipids in rod outer segments. PMID- 7047999 TI - Gangliosides: structure, isolation, and analysis. PMID- 7048000 TI - Preparation and fractionation of glycopeptides. PMID- 7048001 TI - Isolation and synthesis of sugar nucleotides. PMID- 7048002 TI - UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 2'-epimerase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7048003 TI - UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 7048004 TI - 3-Deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate-8-phosphate (KDO-8-P) synthase. PMID- 7048005 TI - Synthesis of capsular polymers containing polysialic acid in Escherichia coli 07 K1. PMID- 7048006 TI - Immunoassay of human fibrinopeptides. PMID- 7048008 TI - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection and determination of Clostridium botulinum toxins A, B, and E. PMID- 7048007 TI - Passive hemagglutination and hemolysis tests for anti-DNA antibody. PMID- 7048009 TI - Determination of Escherichia coli enterotoxin and cholera toxin by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7048010 TI - Solid-phase radioimmunoassay for bacterial lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 7048012 TI - Radioimmunoassay of serum bile acids. PMID- 7048011 TI - Radioimmunoassay of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5' triiodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3), and 3,3'-diiodothyronine (T2). PMID- 7048013 TI - Knowledge representation and utilisation in a man-machine dialogue with a medical decision aid system. PMID- 7048014 TI - Quality of clinical trials--a concern of three decades. PMID- 7048015 TI - Report on the international MEDLARS workshop 1981. PMID- 7048016 TI - Acquisition and interpretation of hydrogen exchange data from peptides, polymers, and proteins. PMID- 7048017 TI - Detection of ligand-induced and syncatalytic conformational changes of enzymes by differential chemical modification. PMID- 7048019 TI - Preparation of brain tyrosinotubulin carboxypeptidase. PMID- 7048018 TI - The use of magnetizable particles in solid phase immunoassay. PMID- 7048020 TI - A falling ball apparatus to measure filament cross-linking. PMID- 7048021 TI - Antibody production and immunofluorescent characterization of actin and contractile proteins. PMID- 7048022 TI - Immunofluorescence and immunocytochemical procedures with affinity purified antibodies: tubulin-containing structures. PMID- 7048023 TI - Biosynthesis of RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli. XII. Noncoordinate synthesis of core enzyme subunits after suppression of cell growth. AB - In spite of the generally well-coordinated synthesis of RNA polymerase core enzyme subunits (alpha, beta and beta') in Escherichia coli, a situation was found during the growth transition from exponential to stationary phase in which this coordination was broken (the order of differential repression being alpha leads to beta' leads to beta; Kawakami et al. (1979). The present study indicates that, during a certain period of the growth transition, twice as much beta subunit is synthesized as beta' subunit and the overproduced beta subunit accumulates as the assembly intermediate alpha 2 beta complex, which is rapidly and preferentially degraded. Two independent factors, i.e., carbon source down shift and oxygen depletion, were examined separately for their influence on the coordinated regulation of the synthesis of RNA polymerase subunits. The depletion of glucose added as a sole carbon source was accompanied by repression of the synthesis of all core enzyme subunits, while under the same conditions the differential rate of sigma subunit synthesis increased. In contrast, the sudden ending of the oxygen supply resulted in specific repression of the synthesis of only beta and beta' subunits but not of sigma and alpha subunits. The latter result may be explained by the autogenous repression of the rpoBC genes by a temporal increase in the amount of unused cytoplasmic RNA polymerase. PMID- 7048024 TI - Mutability of bacteriophage M13 by ultraviolet light: role of pyrimidine dimers. AB - The role of pyrimidine dimers in mutagenesis by ultraviolet light was examined by measuring the UV-induced reversion of six different bacteriophage M13 amber mutants for which the neighboring DNA sequences are known. The mutational response at amber (TAG) codons preceded by a guanine or adenine (where no pyrimidine dimer can be formed) were compared with those preceded by thymine or cytosine (where dimer formation is possible). Equivalent levels of UV-induced mutagenesis were observed at both kinds of sites. This observation demonstrates that there is no requirement for a pyrimidine dimer directly at the site of UV induced mutation in this single-stranded DNA phage. UV irradiation of the phage was also performed in the presence of Ag+ ions, which specifically sensitize the DNA to dimer formation. The two methods of irradiation, when compared at equal survival levels (and presumably equal dimer frequencies), produced equivalent frequencies of reversion of the amber phage. We believe these results indicate that while the presence of pyrimidine dimers may be a prerequisite for UV mutagenesis, the actual mutagenic event can occur at a site some distance removed from a dimer. PMID- 7048025 TI - Antimutators of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Relationship with gamma-ray sensitivity. AB - In Saccharomyces cerevisiae ten antimutator mutants have been isolated. The spontaneous occurrence of mitochondrial mutants resistant to erythromycin, oligomycin, and diuron is decreased 2-60-fold in these strains. The rate of forward and reverse spontaneous mutations of the nuclear genome is also reduced. The meiotic progenies arising from the crosses of seven mutants (LB1, LB2, LB4, LB5, LB6, LB7, LB10) with an isogenic parental strain exhibit 2 : 2 segregations and therefore are the result of mutations in a single nuclear gene. The six mutants LB1, LB2, LB4, LB6, LB7, LB10 are semidominant and determine six complementation groups. The mutant LB5 is dominant and therefore cannot be assigned to any complementation group. The mutants, LB1, LB4 and LB10 are gamma ray sensitive and, by tetrad analysis, it has been shown that gamma-ray sensitivity and spontaneous antimutability are the result of a single nuclear gene mutation. The other three mutants LB3, LB8, and LB9 exhibit complex tetrad segregations, typical of cytoplasmic inheritance and do not complement each other. However, although the mutations are semidominant, it has not been possible to detect any antimutator cytoductant among some 500 cytoductants carrying the karl-1 nucleus. These results suggest that either several nuclear genes are involved in the expression of the antimutator phenotype or that the antimutator gene is located on nonchromosomal elements of the nucleus. The present study leads to the conclusion that a large number of nuclear genes are able to control simultaneously the spontaneous mutation rate of nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Since out of the ten antimutator mutants, three are also deficient in the repair of gamma-ray damage, it is also concluded that spontaneous and gamma-ray-induced lesions of DNA can be repaired by the same error-free process. PMID- 7048026 TI - Interspecies recA protein substitution in Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. AB - With the help of recombinant plasmids carrying the recA gene of Escherichia coli or of Proteus mirabilis the ability of the recA gene products to substitute functionally for each other was studied. The recA protein of each can function in recombination, repair, induction of mutations and prophages and in regulation of its own synthesis within the foreign host nearly equally well as in the natural host. It is, therefore, suggested that recA-dependent processes act similarly in E. coli and P. mirabilis. PMID- 7048027 TI - Cell cycle inhibition of yeast spheroplasts. AB - Osmotically stabilized yeast spheroplasts are capable of extensive DNA synthesis. Although the rate of DNA synthesis in spheroplasts is approximately one-third that of intact cells, the relative amounts of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA synthesized by spheroplasts is very similar to the relative amounts synthesized by intact cells. Furthermore, nuclear but not mitochondrial DNA synthesis is inhibited in MATa spheroplasts by the application of the yeast mating pheromone, alpha-factor. Similarly, DNA synthesis is reversibly temperature-sensitive in spheroplasts created from cdc7 and cdc8 mutant cells. PMID- 7048028 TI - Isolation and mapping of a uracil-sensitive mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - A uracil-sensitive mutant of Salmonella typhimurium was isolated by diethyl sulfate mutagenesis and penicillin counterselection. This mutation identifies a new Salmonella gene that is well separated from the structural genes for arginine and pyrimidine biosynthesis. The use-1 mutation was located between the ilv gene cluster (isoleucine-valine operon) and hisR (structural gene for histidine tRNA) at 83 map units. PMID- 7048029 TI - Different volume changes of cerebral cortex and white matter during histological preparation. AB - In quantitative neuroanatomy and neuropathology, large neuronal systems are frequently analyzed on the basis of small tissue blocks thus assuming that the volume changes of the various compartments of the tissue block can be corrected by an overall factor. 228 blocks of cerebral cortex and white matter of the frontal lobe, thalamus, and striatum were prepared from 13 human brains and embedded in paraffin. The mean shrinkage in the paraffin sections was found to be 51% for the cerebral cortex and 42% for the white matter. Therefore, an overall correction factor tissue blocks both with cerebral cortex and white matter results in an underestimation of cerebral cortex and an overestimation of white matter. PMID- 7048030 TI - Endogenous corticosteroids and insulin in acute inflammation. PMID- 7048031 TI - Who's in charge here? Doctor Tisdel leads 1982 MSMS leaders. PMID- 7048032 TI - Here are leaders of Michigan's count medical societies. PMID- 7048033 TI - New laws mandate Medicare changes. PMID- 7048034 TI - Immunomodulation by antimicrobial drugs. AB - That some antimicrobial drugs may have adverse effects on the immune system has been largely ignored in clinical medicine. There is now a substantial body of knowledge to indicate that the immunomodulating properties of antimicrobial drugs may have important implications in prescriptive practice. This is particularly so for patients whose immune systems have been compromised by immunosuppressive drugs or their disease processes. This paper suggests that the immunomodulating properties of antimicrobial drugs can be predicted on the basis of their modes of action on microbial cells. PMID- 7048035 TI - Reovirus and the pathogenesis of some forms of chronic mental illness. AB - Focal microdegenerative changes in the nuclei of the ansa peduncularis and the septum pellucidum are present in most cases of presenile and senile dementia, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia (7,8). These nuclei interconnect and have extensive synaptic connections with the areas of the brain recently shown to contain non-cytopathic reovirus antigen and reovirus-like particles in the normal adult (9,10). The reovirus-involved regions closely approximate the overall pattern of the topography of brain atrophy in Alzheimer's dementia and Parkinson's disease. Mechanisms are suggested whereby mutant defective reovirus present in all adult human brains is responsible or related to the major forms of chronic mental illness including the common types of dementia and schizophrenia. PMID- 7048036 TI - Surface-associated proteolysis - a common feature of cells possessing high lectin agglutinability. PMID- 7048037 TI - Fentanyl and diazepam in endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. AB - To compare the effect of fentanyl, a short-acting narcotic analgesic, with that of diazepam as intravenous premedication for endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract, we allocated at random 200 consecutive outpatients requiring elective endoscopy to receive either fentanyl or diazepam; the procedure was evaluated both by the endoscopist and by the patient. The endoscopists' opinion of the ease of the procedure was significantly better for the group of patients who received fentanyl than for the group who received diazepam (P less than 0.001). The patients' opinion of the procedure was not influenced by the premedication used. No serious side effects were observed in either patient group. We concluded that fentanyl has significant advantages over diazepam as premedication for endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7048038 TI - Antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus community acquired strains. AB - Over 250 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients who presented with infections acquired outside the hospital were tested for susceptibility to penicillin G, minocycline and erythromycin. Only 15.5% of strains could be regarded as sensitive to penicillin, whereas 99.2% and 90.2% were sensitive to minocycline and erythromycin respectively. Beta-haemolytic streptococci were found in association with Staph. aureus in 17.5% of the lesions cultured in this survey. The susceptibility of a further 100 strains of methicillin-sensitive Staph. aureus to a wider range of antimicrobial agents was also examined. PMID- 7048039 TI - Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was thought to be the cause of 10 cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea observed over a 12-month period at The Royal Melbourne Hospital. Each patient had significant underlying disease, and all had been treated with multiple, broad-spectrum antibiotic agents. The diagnosis was made on the distinctive Gram-stain appearance of faecal smears, the heavy predominant growth of methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus from stool cultures, and the absence of other bowel pathogens, including toxigenic Clostridium difficile. Diarrhoea usually responded to treatment with vancomycin or bacitracin, and, in patients whose condition improved, the stools cleared of staphylococci. Patients with staphylococcal diarrhoea present a significant crossinfection risk, and early diagnosis, treatment, and isolation are essential. PMID- 7048040 TI - Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus with particular reference to Victorian strains. AB - There is controversy regarding methods employed for the detection of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, and dispute whether infections caused by these organisms can be successfully treated with methicillin or similar antibiotic agents. Cell populations of methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) are heterogeneous with respect to the level of resistance expressed, but always contain a subpopulation of highly resistant cells which can neither be inhibited nor killed by beta-lactam antibiotic agents. Clinical experience confirms that in severe infections, particularly when host defences are imparied, the use of beta lactam antibiotic agents to treat MRSA is associated with an unacceptably high failure rate. Current Victorian strains of MRSA are multiresistant. Thus vancomycin is the drug of choice for life-threatening infections, while the combination of fusidic acid either with flucloxacillin or with rifampicin is useful for infections of moderate severity. PMID- 7048041 TI - Screening MRSA for bacteriophage. PMID- 7048042 TI - Fleeting hopes and promises of advertising. PMID- 7048043 TI - Clostridial myonecrosis after resection of skin tumours in an immunosuppressed patient. AB - This paper reports a case of clostridial myonecrosis (gas gangrene) which occurred in a vegetable gardener receiving immunosuppression therapy with prednisolone and azathioprine for renal allograft preservation. The infection developed after the excision of crusted squamous-cell carcinomata from the dorsum of the hand, the circulation of which was compromised by the presence of a radial artery/cephalic vein arteriovenous fistula. Amputation, followed by treatment with hyperbaric oxygen, was successful. PMID- 7048044 TI - [Reye syndrome: clinical course and therapy]. PMID- 7048045 TI - The old Irish Bar and Bench. PMID- 7048046 TI - The role of antibody and complement in lysing virus-infected cells. PMID- 7048047 TI - Release of endotoxic lipopolysaccharide by sensitive strains of Escherichia coli submitted to the bactericidal action of human serum. AB - Free endotoxin was assayed in filtered samples of E. coli suspensions submitted to the bactericidal and bacteriolytic action of 10% human serum. The Limulus amoebocyte lysate test, a passive hemolysis inhibition assay based on O antigenic specificity and the determination of 3-OH-myristic acid by mass spectrometry were used as assay methods differing from one another with regard to the part of the endotoxin macromolecule involved in the reaction. The biological activity of endotoxin was assessed in a mouse lethality test. The bactericidal and bacteriolytic action of human serum on sensitive strains of E. coli released quantities of endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) amounting to 3,000-12,000 ng/ml, for an inoculum of 1--3 x 10(8) colony-forming units. The material thus appearing in the medium was shown to react with the Limulus amoebocyte lysate, to be lethal for actinomycin D-sensitized mice and to bear O antigen, as well as 3-OH-myristic acid, a marker of lipid A. Samples of serum depleted of lysozyme by adsorption onto bentonite, and displaying a strictly bactericidal effect, released approximately 80% of the quantity of LPS appearing in the medium in a control experiment performed with untreated serum. The LPS release is therefore mainly linked to the bactericidal effect of antibody and complement. The amount of LPS released depended on the concentration of divalent cations in the medium, being reduced by an increase in the concentration of calcium and magnesium beyond the values optimal for complement activity. This effect was already observed for an increase in the concentration of divalent cations too low to alter the bactericidal or bacteriolytic effects. The significance of the release of endotoxin by complement dependent bactericidal reactions occurring in vivo is discussed. PMID- 7048048 TI - Type-specific IgG and IgA antibodies in old lymphogranuloma venerum determined by solid-phase radioimmunoassay. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) using egg-grown purified Chlamydia trachomatis lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) serotypes L1, L2, and L3 as antigen was used to measure type-specific IgG and IgA antibodies in sera of 36 patients who had contracted LGV infection about 40 years ago. The RIA test gave compatible results with the standard microimmunofluorescence test, and by RIA it was possible to identify the infecting serotype in 30 out of 36 patients studied. In 28 cases this was L2 and in two cases L1. Each patient had IgG antibodies and most of them (80%) IgA antibodies to at least one of the LGV serotypes. The antibody titers were still high 40 years after the acute infection, being higher than in male patients with a recent chlamydial urethritis. Highest antibody titers were detected in LGV patients who had a severe disease with intestinal involvement. PMID- 7048049 TI - [Familial hypercholesterolemia. Screening, prevention and therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 7048050 TI - [A case of female pseudohermaphroditism of difficult interpretation]. PMID- 7048051 TI - [Current clinico-scientific data on progressive muscular dystrophy. Work at the Center for Neuromuscular Diseases of the University of Turin in the 3-year-period of 1979-1981]. PMID- 7048052 TI - Skilled nursing facilities and the Medicare program. PMID- 7048053 TI - [Commemoration of Prof. Dino Roccia on the fiftieth anniversary of his appointment as professor]. PMID- 7048054 TI - [Reticulohistiocytic system and lymphoreticular correlation as a premise for the interpretation of malignant neoplasms of the head]. PMID- 7048055 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy of subgingival scaling in relation to the depth of the periodontal pockets]. PMID- 7048056 TI - [Gingival microangiopathy in insulin-dependent diabetics. Histological study]. PMID- 7048057 TI - [Removable partial denture. Its design and execution]. PMID- 7048058 TI - Extracolonic manifestations of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7048059 TI - Extracranial-intracranial bypass. a review. PMID- 7048060 TI - Structure-activity relationships in the ansamycins. Molecular structure and activity of 3-carbomethoxy rifamycin S. AB - The X-ray and NMR structural study of 3-carbomethoxy rifamycin S5 was undertaken in order to determine whether its low antimicrobial activity was related to a conformation of the molecule which was unfavorable for interaction with bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. However, the molecule assumes a conformation similar to that of the active rifamycins. Indeed the compound was found to be active on the isolated enzyme, so that its low activity on whole bacteria has to be attributed to factors affecting its penetration through the bacterial cell wall. PMID- 7048061 TI - Rates of alcohol dehydrogenase-dependent ethanol metabolism in periportal and pericentral regions of the perfused rat liver. AB - Infusion of ethanol into hemoglobin-free perfused rat liver caused an increase in NADH fluorescence (366 leads to 450 nm) which was measured with a large-tip (2 mm) light guide placed on the surface of the liver. A linear correlation (r = 0.83) was observed between the increase in NADH fluorescence and rate of ethanol uptake in the concentration range 0.05--2.0 mM. When a micro-light guide (tip diameter 170 micrometer) was placed on periportal or pericentral regions of the liver surface, the maximal fluorescence increase due to ethanol (2 mM) was 31.2 +/- 2.0 and 31.9 +/- 1.7% in periportal and pericentral regions, respectively. The infusion of 4-methylpyrazole (80 microM), an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, completely abolished the fluorescence increase in both regions, indicating that the changes are entirely attributable to perturbation of cofactor levels due to alcohol dehydrogenase-dependent ethanol metabolism. Using the correlation between the NADH fluorescence increase and rate of ethanol uptake, rates of ethanol metabolism in periportal and pericentral regions were calculated. Values for maximal ethanol uptake were identical in periportal and pericentral regions. Half-maximal ethanol uptake was observed at 0.24 and 0.25 mM ethanol in periportal and pericentral regions, respectively. These results indicate that the rates of alcohol dehydrogenase-dependent ethanol metabolism are similar in periportal and pericentral regions of the liver lobule. PMID- 7048062 TI - In vitro biological activity of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine and the biochemical actions of its triphosphate on DNA polymerases and ribonucleotide reductase from HeLa cells. AB - 9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine (2-F-araA) inhibited the growth in vitro of HeLa cells by 50% at a concentration of 0.25 microM and depressed the replication of herpes simplex virus Types 1 and 2 by 99% at 25 microM. The analogue served as a substrate for cytoplasmic but not mitochondrial deoxycytidine (dCyd) kinase partially purified from human peripheral chronic lymphocytic leukemic blast cells. The Km values of dCyd and 2-F-araA for the cytoplasmic enzyme were 5 microM and 213 microM, respectively. However, at concentrations of 0.4 mM, the analogue was phosphorylated 2.9 times faster than dCyd. The 5'-triphosphate of 2-F-araA was examined for its biochemical effects on partially purified ribonucleotide reductase and highly purified DNA alpha- and beta-polymerases from HeLa cells. 2-F-araATP was a potent inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase; the concentration required for 50% inhibition of ADP reduction (0.3 mM ADP; 5 mM GTP or dGTP) was 1 microM and for CDP reduction (0.15 mM CPD; 5 mM ATP) was 8.5 microM. Furthermore, 2-F-araATP was a competitive inhibition (Ki = 1.2 microM) with respect to dATP (Km = 3.8 microM) of DNA alpha polymerase, whereas DNA beta-polymerase was relatively insensitive to the drug. The results suggest that the cytotoxic actions of 2-F-araA may be due, in part, to a "self-potentiating" inhibition of DNA synthesis. This is, by inhibiting the formation of competing dATP, 2-F-araATP may potentiate its inhibition of DNA synthesis. PMID- 7048064 TI - [Nucleotide analogs with modified sugar residue, in the RNA synthesis reaction of RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli]. AB - Influence of NTP analogs with the modified sugar residue on RNA synthesis catalyzed by E. coli RNA polymerase was studied. It was shown that analog with ribose residue substituted by hydrocarbon chain (-CH2-)2,3,4 as well as the analogs with opened ribose ring do not incorporate into the RNA chain. These compounds imped RNA elongation (Ki = 1.5--2.0 . 10(-3) M) due to their ability for reversible binding with the enzyme. These analogs inhibit the incorporation of all four natural NTP into RNA to the same extent, independently on the nature of the bases. In contrast, 3'-substituted analogs of NTP compete only with the homologous substrate for incorporation into RNA. The 3'-OMe-NTP incorporate into 3'-end of RNA and stop RNA propagation. The rate of 3'-OMe-NTP incorporation into RNA is 50--100 times lower, than that of the natural substrates. PMID- 7048063 TI - Mechanism of liver glucokinase. AB - Glucokinase is the enzyme primarily responsible for the phosphorylation of glucose in the livers of mammals and other vertebrates. It differs from the other hexokinases in being insensitive to inhibition by glucose 6-phosphate and in responding co-operatively to changes in the glucose concentration in the physiological range. These properties accord well with the presumed function of glucose phosphorylation in the liver as a means of controlling the blood-glucose concentration. Glucokinase has the unusual property for a co-operative enzyme of being a monomeric enzyme with a single active site. The co-operativity consequently requires a purely kinetic explanation and cannot be explained by analogy with subunit interactions in proteins that display co-operativity in equilibrium binding. The behaviour is consistent with a 'mnemonical' type of mechanism, i.e. one in which the co-operativity derives from the occurrence of two interconvertible forms of free enzyme that are not at equilibrium in the steady state. As co-operativity is observed only with glucose and not with the other substrate, MgATP2-, a corollary of this interpretation is that glucose must bind predominantly or exclusively before MgATP2-. This order of binding is supported by isotope-exchange measurements, though the alternative order also appears to be possible as a minor route of reaction. Stereochemical investigations reveal that glucokinase resembles other hexokinases in that the form of MgATP2- that reacts with the enzyme is the beta gamma-bidentate complex with the lambda-screw sense, and that the reaction proceeds with inversion of configuration at phosphorus. PMID- 7048065 TI - [Study of the three-dimensional structure of proteins by means of tritium labeling. II. Intramolecular distribution of tritium in the N-terminal part of myoglobin and the tertiary structure of protein]. AB - The possible use of the method of 3H-label introduction by means of a 3H-atom beam for investigating the three-dimensional structure (surface) of proteins was studied. The intramolecular distribution of tritium in the N-terminal part of 3H labelled sperm-whale myoglobin was studied. The results obtained are in good agreement with the X-ray analysis data on the polypeptide chain of the protein molecule. The possible use of this method for constructing precise three dimensional models of polypeptides and proteins is discussed. PMID- 7048066 TI - [Correlation between the biological activity of 30S subunits of Escherichia coli ribosomes and their conformational changes revealed by mixing optical spectroscopy]. AB - The analysis of light spectra scattered from solution of 30S subunits were performed by the method of regularization of inverse spectral problem. The subunits observed at ionic conditions which preserved their biological activity (200 mM NH4Cl at 1 mM MgCl2) revealed a monodisperse pattern of scattering with diffusion constant D = (1,83 +/- 0.10) . 10(-7) cm2/sec. The polydispersity and compactization of 30S subunits was observed in inactivating ionic conditions (30 mM NH4Cl at 1 mM MgCl2). The number of compactized particles correlates with the irreversible loss of biological activity, the capability of 30S subunits to bind specific tRNA. PMID- 7048067 TI - [Effects of pyridoxal-phosphate and its 4'- and 5'-substituted analogs on macromolecular structure of Escherichia coli glutamate decarboxylase]. AB - Interactions of pyridoxal phosphate and its analogs (at pH 6.0) with dimeric glutamate apodecarboxylase (E. coli) were examined by spectrophotometric and CD titration and by gel electrophoresis. It was shown that 5 equivalents of pyridoxal-phosphate fully restore the catalytic activity and optical properties of the enzyme, whereas 3 equivalents of the coenzyme suffice for reconstitution of the hexameric structure. Similar amounts of the 2 nor PLP adn 5'-methtyl PLP restore the hexameric macromolecule. 15 equivalents of pyridoxine phosphate or 54 -- of pyridoxamine phosphate are required for complete saturation of the apoenzymes binding sites and concomitant reconstitution of the hexameric structure. 5'-deoxy-5'-carboxymethyl pyridoxal, 5'-deoxy-5'-phosphonomethyl pyridoxal and cis-5'-deoxy-5'-phosphonomethylen pyridoxal were merely bound to the dimeric apoenzyme, but failed to restore the enzyme's quaternary structure. Pyridoxal, trans-5'-deoxy-5'-posphonomethylen pyridoxal and pyridoxine analogs substituted in position 5' with carboxyl or phosphonyl group did not interact with the apodecarboxylase. PMID- 7048069 TI - Purification of a murine IgE-inducing antigen extracted from the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. AB - A major antigen inducing IgE in mice (DpI) was purified from a crude extract of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D.p.) using Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration, DE52 ion exchange chromatography and isoelectric focusing. This antigen is not one of the major D.p. human allergens. Isoelectric focusing showed a single peak of PCA activity at pI 4.7. Activity followed a broader banding pattern on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The molecular weight of DpI estimated from Sephadex G 150 chromatography was 1.7 X 10(5) daltons. Molecular weight calculated from SDS gels (reducing), however, was 3.7 X 10(4), which may indicate a molecule with a subunit composition. DpI contained no detectable hexose as measured by the phenol sulfuric acid assay. PCA activity of DpI was stable at 98 degrees C and to treatment with 0.1 M sodium metaperiodate, but destroyed by pronase. DpI represents approximately one per cent of the total protein of crude extracts. Purified DpI displays a specific activity increase of 40 times that of the crude extract with the PCA test. DpI is capable of inhibiting 40% of the binding between crude extract and human IgE, but only at extremely high concentrations. Human IgE was 700 times more sensitive to D.p. crude extract than purified DpI by enzyme immunoassay. PMID- 7048068 TI - [Transfection of bacterial cells by DNA of phage M13 entrapped in phospholipid vesicles]. AB - The possibility of transfection of bacterial cells by phage M13 DNA entrapped into phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) has been studied. Two types of liposomes differing in size were used. Entrapped DNA was transferred by liposomes into Ca2+ treated E. coli cells. Efficiency of the transfection in the case of small (ca. 400 A) liposomes was 2--3 orders of magnitude higher than that of free DNA extracted from such liposomes. PMID- 7048070 TI - Monoamine uptake inhibitors. PMID- 7048071 TI - Significance of serotonin precursors as antidepressants. PMID- 7048072 TI - Role of lithium as an antidepressant. PMID- 7048073 TI - Rubidium: overview and clinical perspectives. PMID- 7048074 TI - Maprotiline. PMID- 7048075 TI - Mianserin. PMID- 7048076 TI - [Criteria of good metabolic control in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. AB - Treatment of insulin-dependent children and adolescents is aimed at normalizing the metabolism without harming the patient, and to avoid the development of secondary vascular and neural changes. On the other hand, however, therapy has to cope with limited possibilities to optimize insulin substitution and to achieve normal metabolic regulation. Therefore, criteria of "good" metabolic control differ, depending on whether they relate to a desirable or to an acceptable metabolic regulation. Actual therapeutical achievements rarely meet initial expectations. Paediatric diabetologists seem to fairly well agree on the criteria of an acceptable metabolic control of insulin-dependent children and adolescents, i.e. freedom of symptoms, normal growth and development, glucosuria of less than 20 g/d or of 5-10% of carbohydrate intake, and pre- and postprandial blood glucose levels of less than 150 and less than 200 mg/dl, respectively, in greater than or equal to 75% of the observation time. Concentrations of glycosylated haemoglobin (Hb A1) of less than 11% (total, microcolumn technique), and less than 10% (stable fraction) seem to fairly well correspond to the indicated blood glucose level of less than 200 mg/dl. PMID- 7048077 TI - [C-peptide excretion in 24 hours-urine as an indicator of B-cell residual function in children and adolescents with type-I-diabetes (author's transl)]. AB - In 140 juvenile diabetics residual B-cell-function was measured according to the amount of the immunoreactive C-peptide (IRCP) in the 24 h-urine. We were able to repeat this test after two years in 69 of these patients. All diabetic children showed maintained residual insulin secretion (mean +/- S mean 2.60 +/- 0.31 nmol/24 h). There was a significant negative relationship (p less than 0.001) between the duration of diabetes and the extend of the residual B-cell-function. C-peptide urine excretion of the diabetics who were followed up dropped significantly (0.08 down to 0.02 nmol/kg/24 h, p less than 0.001), and the daily insulin requirement increased significantly (0.36 to 0.67 U/kg, p less than 0.05). In comparison, children with a shorter duration of the diabetes (less than 3 years) showed a more rapid decrease of their residual B-cell function with a simultaneously greater increase of the daily insulin dose as opposed to children with the diabetes for longer than 3 years at the time when they were first seen. With a short course of diabetes the decrease of the C-peptide and the increase of the daily insulin dose were negatively correlated (p less than 0.001). The clinical phenomena of the remission period as known until now are related to the decline of B-cell function. PMID- 7048078 TI - [On C-peptide and some other parameters in children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. AB - C-peptide and some other parameters have been evaluated in 62 patients (31 male, 31 female) with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in respect to quality of diabetic control. C-peptide was negatively correlated to duration of diabetes as was duration of initial remission with insulin requirements. Duration of initial remission was correlated positively to quality of diabetic control. The correlations of C-peptide with quality of diabetic control, insulin requirements and duration of initial remission were statistically not significant; insulin requirements and quality of diabetic control were not correlated significantly. From the results it is concluded that for the quality of diabetic control and hence the long-term course in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus the duration of initial remission as a result of the quality of initial treatment is of the utmost importance. PMID- 7048079 TI - [Prof. Dr. J.B. Mayer]. PMID- 7048080 TI - Mutagenicity of chloroalkene epoxides in bacterial systems. AB - 6 alpha-chloroepoxides have been tested for in vitro activity in a variety of systems. The epoxides were cis- and trans-1-chloropropene oxide, cis- and trans 1,3-dichloropropene oxide, trichloroethylene oxide and tetrachloroethylene oxide. The epoxides were assayed for mutagenicity in the absence of metabolic activation in S. typhimurium TA1535 and E. coli WP2 uvrA and for preferential inhibition of growth of DNA-repair-deficient E. coli. All 6 epoxides possessed DNA-modifying activity as evidenced by their ability to preferentially inhibit DNA polymerase deficient E. coli. All of the test chemicals except trichloroethylene oxide were mutagenic for S. typhimurium and all except trichloroethylene oxide and tetrachloroethylene oxide were mutagenic for E. coli Wp2 uvrA. Cis- and trans-1,3 dichloropropene oxide were the most potent mutagens and DNA modifiers. For all cases, the cis isomers were more active than the corresponding trans isomers. alpha-Chloroepoxides are considered likely to be the active intermediates of the carcinogenic parent halo-olefins. These mutagenicity studies are considered relevant in assessing the carcinogenicity of the parent hydrocarbons. PMID- 7048081 TI - Mutagenicity of substituted carbazoles in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Mutagenic activities of 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 9-methylcarbazole were evaluated in S. typhimurium TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, and TA100. Only 9-methylcarbazole was found to be mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA100 in the presence of rat-liver homogenate. Mutagenic activity was also observed in TA100 for 2,9-, 3,9-, and 4,9 dimethylcarbazole. None of these methylated carbazole derivatives was mutagenic in TA1535, TA1537, TA1538 and TA98 in either the presence of absence of rat-liver homogenate. These results indicate that a 9-methyl substituent is associated with the mutagenic activity of these carbazole derivatives. Comparative studies on the mutagenic activity of 9-substituted carbazoles demonstrated that the activity of 9-ethylcarbazole was less than that of 9-methylcarbazole. 9-Phenyl- and 9-i propylcarbazole were inactive under identical assay conditions. 9 Hydroxymethylcarbazole, a major metabolite of 9-methylcarbazole, was confirmed to be a direct-acting mutagen in S. typhimurium TA100. 9-Formylcarbazole was inactive as a mutagen when assayed with or without metabolic activation. These data are consistent with the finding that 9-hydroxymethylcarbazole is a major proximate mutagenic form of 9-methylcarbazole. PMID- 7048082 TI - Screening of antioxidants and other compounds for antimutagenic properties towards benzo[a]pyrene-induced mutagenicity in strain TA98 of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Antioxidants and several other compounds, some of which are known to inhibit carcinogenicity, have been screened for their effectiveness as inhibitors of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) mutagenicity towards Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 in the Ames test. A total of 32 compounds were tested. In the assay, metabolic activation of BP (8.2 nmoles/plate) was mediated by the S9 fraction from beta naphthoflavone-induced rat livers. Among compounds which are known to inhibit carcinogenicity, retinol, phenothiazine, disulfiram, phenethylisothiocyanate and phenylisothiocyanate were the most effective inhibitors of BP mutagenicity, being effective at equimolar concentrations. Several other compounds showed inhibition at higher concentrations of antioxidant and the remainder showed little or no inhibition. Dose-response curves have been obtained for the 17 most active compounds. No general pattern of inhibition is obvious from our studies, inhibitors are not drawn ;from any single class of compounds, nor does a particular compound necessarily appear to inhibit more than one mutagen. PMID- 7048083 TI - Biologically active aromatic amines derived from carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: synthesis and mutagenicity of aminobenzo[a]pyrenes. AB - The mutagenicities of 6-aminobenzo[a]pyrene (6-NH2-BP), 4-, 11- and 12-NH2-BP, and two N,N-diacetyl derivatives (4- and 12-N(Ac)2-BP) were compared to that of the present compound, BP, and to the aromatic amine, 2-aminofluorene (AF), in the Ames' Salmonella typhimurium assay. In the presence of an S9 activating system all the compounds were mutagenic in strains TA100, TA98 and TA1538 was 4-NH2-BP greater than 4-N(Ac)2-BP greater than 12-NH2-BP greater than 12-N(Ac)2-BP greater than AF greater than 11-NH2-BP congruent to BP greater than 6-NH2-BP; whereas in strain TA100, the order was 4-NH2-BP greater than 4-N(Ac)2-BP greater than BP greater than 12-NH2-BP congruent to 12-N(Ac)2-BP congruent to 11-NH2-BP greater than 6-NH2-BP congruent to AF. Inclusion of the deacylase inhibitor, paraoxon, in the incubation decreased the mutagenicity of 4-N(Ac)2-BP but had no effect on its primary amine. These data suggest that, at least for this group of compounds, arylamines derived from carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are activated to potent mutagens primarily through S9-mediated metabolism (e.g., N oxidation) of the amine. PMID- 7048084 TI - pH-sensitive mutagenic activity in ozone-treated 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in the Salmonella/microsome assay. AB - Treatment with ozone inactivates the mutagenicity of many carcinogens in aqueous solution. The colon carcinogen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) has been reported an exception; ozone treatment converts dimethylhydrazine from a non-mutagen into a mutagen. In the Salmonella/microsome assay, the mutagenicity of ozone-treated dimethylhydrazine was dependent on pH. The ozonation product was a strong mutagen in acidic solution but was not mutagenic in basic solution. The mutagenicity of the acidic ozonation product was inactivated by raising the pH of the solution. Unlike untreated dimethylhydrazine, its ozonation product in basic solution was not converted to a mutagen in this ozone-low pH system. PMID- 7048085 TI - Azaserine: survival and mutation in Escherichia coli. AB - Azaserine in an antineoplastic agent, mutagen and carcinogen that is known to inhibit purine metabolism. Comparison of mutation in stationary-phase cultures of E. coli WP2 and a series of its DNA repair-deficient mutants exposed to azaserine showed that the effects of the compound closely mimicked those caused by UV light indicating, therefore, that azaserine-induced mutagenesis occurred via pathways dependent upon the recA and lexA genes. Comparison of survival of these strains showed that potentially lethal DNA lesions induced by azaserine were corrected by the excision, recombination, and rec-lex repair systems. These results show that azaserine causes DNa damage as well as inhibition of purine metabolism. PMID- 7048086 TI - Photodynamic effects of dyes on bacteria. V. Mutagenesis by acridine orange and 460-nm or 500-nm light in strains of Escherichia coli that differ in repair capability. AB - With acridine orange (AO) and monochromatic 460-nm light, the mutation rate of the wild-type strain of Escherichia coli (WP2) was 3-fold higher than that of the endonuclease-deficient strain WP2 (uvrA). In addition, the mutation rates of the recombination-deficient strains WP10 (recA) and Bs-1 (uvrB lexA) were also about 3-fold less than that of wild-type strain. This observation is in striking contrast to the earlier results with AO and 500-nm light in which strains WP10 and Bs-1 yielded mutation rates that were 12-fold and 5-fold greater, respectively, than the wild-type response. The relatively large decrease in mutation rate when the uvrA endonuclease was absent together with structural considerations in the binding of AO to DNA lead us to propose that the major lesions leading to mutations produced by 460-nm light in the presence of AO may be true DNa single-strand breaks and occur before DNA replication. PMID- 7048087 TI - Genetic effects of some platinum co-ordination complexes on E.coli DNA as revealed by transformation studies. AB - E. coli chromosomal DNA was treated with various Pt co-ordination compounds and then used as donor DNA in E. coli transformation. Genetic analysis of transformants obtained with Pt-treated DNA showed effects of cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-Pt(II)) and cis-Pt-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane Cl4 (cis-Pt(IV) (DMDAP)) on the processing of the DNA. With trans diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (trans-Pt(II)) applied in similar concentrations no effects were found. The effects of cis-Pt(II) and cis-Pt(IV) (DMDAP) on the genetic processing were different. The effects of cis-Pt(II) could be explained by assuming intra-strand crosslinks as an important lesion. PMID- 7048088 TI - Topical tioconazole in dermatomycosis. PMID- 7048089 TI - Peptidases from Plasmodium falciparum cultured in vitro. AB - An acid peptidase that degrades hemoglobin optimally at pH 3.5, a neutral aminopeptidase and an alkaline endopeptidase that acts on an alpha-N-blocked synthetic substrate have been demonstrated in Plasmodium falciparum in culture. The enzymes were shown to be distinct by anion exchange chromatography, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and isoelectric focusing. The activities of the acid peptidase and the aminopeptidase were inhibited by antimalarial compounds. PMID- 7048090 TI - Influence of monosaccharides on the infection of vertebrate cells by Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii. AB - The effect of 9 monosaccharides which constitute cell surface carbohydrates on the infection of bovine embryonic skin and muscle (BESM) cells by Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes and Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites was assayed. Most of the monosaccharides tested stimulated the infection of BESM cells by T. gondii; none of the monosaccharides were inhibitory. In contrast (at a concentration of 50 mM or greater) the monosaccharides inhibited non-specifically the infection of BESM cells by T. cruzi trypomastigotes whereas the other 8 monosaccharides were ineffective. The inhibition was due to an effect on the trypomastigotes and not on the vertebrate cells. It is proposed that there is a wheat-germ agglutinin like lectin on the T. cruzi trypomastigote surface which recognizes and attaches to an N-acetylglucosamine-containing receptor on the vertebrate cell surface prior to infection. Infection of vertebrate cells by T. gondii tachyzoites appears to be mediated by other cell surface components. If monosaccharides are involved in infection by tachyzoites, they are ones not commonly found on animal cell surfaces. Alternatively, infection of vertebrate cells by T. cruzi and T. gondii is effected by different mechanisms. PMID- 7048091 TI - Internist-1, an experimental computer-based diagnostic consultant for general internal medicine. AB - Internist-I is an experimental computer program capable of making multiple and complete diagnoses in internal medicine. It differs from most other programs for computer-assisted diagnosis in the generality of its approach and the size and diversity of its knowledge base. To document the strengths and weaknesses of the program we performed a systematic evaluation of the capabilities of INTERNIST-I. Its performance on a series of 19 clinicopathological exercises (Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital) published in the Journal appeared qualitatively similar to that of the hospital clinicians but inferior to that of the case discussants. The evaluation demonstrated that the present form of the program is not sufficiently reliable for clinical applications. Specific deficiencies that must be overcome include the program's inability to reason anatomically or temporally, its inability to construct differential diagnoses spanning multiple areas, its occasional attribution of findings to improper causes, and its inability to explain its "thinking". PMID- 7048093 TI - The computer and clinical judgement. PMID- 7048092 TI - Treatment of hairy-cell leukemia with chemoradiotherapy and identical-twin bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7048094 TI - Wilson, strokes, and zebras. PMID- 7048095 TI - Mesenteric ischemia. PMID- 7048096 TI - Increased Ia-antigen-bearing T cells in type I diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7048097 TI - Prostacyclin infusion in hypertension: acute hemodynamic and hormonal effects. PMID- 7048098 TI - Lack of effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on exercise-induced hyperkalemia. PMID- 7048099 TI - Immunogenic fractions of Cryptococcus neoformans. AB - Cryptococcus neoformans cell and culture supernatant extracts were fractionated by ion exchange and gel filtration column chromatography. Various fractions were used to immunize mice, and to assess the release of migration inhibition factor, delayed type hypersensitivity, and protective immunity after challenge with C. neoformans. Results suggest that the C. neoformans fractions, which protect mice, contain a high molecular weight, predominantly carbohydrate antigen that can be distinguished from the capsular polysaccharide. PMID- 7048100 TI - Cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide clearance in nonimmune mice. AB - Clearance of cryptococcal polysaccharide (CP) from tissues and body fluids of nonimmune mice was studied. Mice were injected intravenously only with one mg of purified CP, and serum, urine and tissues were obtained from each animal at various intervals for a period of 84 days. Tissue extracts, serum and urine were tested for CP content by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and latex agglutination. High concentrations of CP were detected by both assays one-half hour after injection in blood (serum), liver, spleen, kidney and lung (extracts). The duration of ELISA detectable CP was longest (70 days) in liver and spleen and shortest (14 days) in lung extract. By 14 days after injection, concentration of CP in the blood fell below that found in the liver and spleen. CP remained detectable (titers 32-64) after all other extracts became negative. These results indicate that CP is stored in tissues (binding mechanism and site unknown), and that the liver and spleen possess greater storage capacity than other tissues. Antibody (IgM) to CP appeared in low titer on the 14th day and thereafter. PMID- 7048102 TI - Germination of the chlamydospores of Candida albicans. AB - Using a slide culture technique, it was determined unequivocally that the chlamydospore of Candida albicans does germinate. The germination was by way of a multiple-budding process which was associated mostly with young spores following their transfer to a fresh environment. It is concluded the chlamydospore of C. albicans is a reproductive cell with a transient viability. PMID- 7048101 TI - Antigens and chemical composition of Blastomyces dermatitidis. PMID- 7048103 TI - Why wear a mask in theatre? PMID- 7048104 TI - The man behind the name: Ernest William Hey Groves 1872-1944. PMID- 7048105 TI - Two different viral transforming proteins bind the same host tumour antigen. PMID- 7048107 TI - The Hooper Memorial Lecture: vistas in the management of bleeding esophageal varices. PMID- 7048106 TI - Inhibition of experimental ascending urinary tract infection by an epithelial cell-surface receptor analogue. AB - It has been shown that the establishment of urinary tract infection by Escherichia coli is dependent on attachment of the bacteria to epithelial cells. The attachment involves specific epithelial cell receptors, which have been characterized as glycolipids. Reversible binding to cell-surface mannosides may also be important. This suggests an approach to the treatment of infections--that of blocking bacterial attachment with cell membrane receptor analogues. Using E. coli mutants lacking one or other of the two binding specificities (glycolipid and mannose), we show here that glycolipid analogues can block in vitro adhesion and in vivo urinary tract infection. PMID- 7048108 TI - [Medicine and philosophy, aspects of a precarious relationship]. PMID- 7048109 TI - [Various key points from the history of cardiac beriberi important for the practicing physician]. PMID- 7048110 TI - [Pitfalls and snags in donor insemination]. PMID- 7048112 TI - [Antipsychiatry in 1900: on the tradition of the conflict between psychiatry and press reports]. PMID- 7048111 TI - Treatment at the Nebraska asylum for the insane a century ago. PMID- 7048113 TI - The role of parathyroidectomy in the management of hyperparathyroidism in patients on maintenance haemodialysis and after renal transplantation. AB - Between March 1964 and March 1980, 36 (34 dialysis, 2 transplant) of 327 patients accepted for the maintenance dialysis/transplantation programme at Charing Cross Hospital were submitted to parathyroidectomy. There were four main indications: persistent hypercalcaemia, progressive phalangeal erosions, aseptic necrosis of the femoral head and height loss with abnormal bone biopsy despite normal hand radiographs. At parathyroidectomy, 4 glands were removed in 1 patient, 3 1/2 glands in 24, 3 glands in 7, 2 glands in 3 and a single large gland in 1 patient. The operation was followed by improvement in 28 patients, no change in 5, and progression of hyperparathyroidism in 3.2 of the 28 patients who improved later relapsed and were treated with 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3. 4 patients were submitted to a further parathyroidectomy and improved considerably. We would conclude that, although parathyroidectomy is an effective and safe procedure, it is to be hoped that careful monitoring of bone state and early administration of 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 may reduce the need for parathyroidectomy. PMID- 7048114 TI - A new form of familial glomerulonephritis. AB - An unusual familial glomerular disease, characterized by the presence of diffuse round mesangial deposits of C3, is described in 2 siblings (1 male and 1 female) and their mother. The clinical picture in the 3 patients was a long-lasting proteinuria. An acute hemolytic uremic syndrome with malignant hypertension developed in the male at the age of 24 years, requiring bilateral nephrectomy. The glomerulonephritis recurred on a renal allograft. This disease is not HLA linked and no characteristic abnormality of complement profile was seen in the 3 patients. PMID- 7048115 TI - Acute renal failure in the 1980s: the importance of septic shock and of endotoxaemia. PMID- 7048116 TI - Septic arthritis following renal transplantation. AB - Monoarticular septic arthritis without disseminating sepsis occurred in 4 patients following renal transplantation. The septic arthritis was preceded by an infection with the same organism in an extraarticular location (3 urinary tract, 1 upper respiratory). All patients were on prednisone-azathioprine immunosuppressive regimen but none had granulocytopenia. Prompt antibiotic therapy resulted in quick resolution of the joint infection in 3 patients. Impaired host defenses, possible inadequate prior antibiotic therapy, and intrinsic joint alterations are potential contributing factors to the development of septic arthritis following renal transplantation. PMID- 7048117 TI - Prospective study on the appearance of antibody-coated bacteria in patients with an indwelling urinary catheter. AB - Elderly patients without urinary tract infection were given prophylactic medication with nitrofurantoin (NF) or methenamine hippurate (MH) because of need for an indwelling urinary catheter. Within 2 weeks of catheter use, all 31 controls without medication had significant bacteriuria; in the MH group (29 patients) 77% and in the NF group (26 patients) 58% were infected. Within 6 weeks virtually all the patients had bacteriuria. Antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) in the urine sediment were found in the minority of patients when bacteriuria first appeared; at 1 week, 50% of controls had ACB, whereas in the NF group this level of positively was reached after 3 weeks. However, by 5 weeks approximately 70% of patients in all groups had ACB. The mean time until ACB test positively after the appearance of bacteriuria was 1.7 weeks in the controls and 2.2 weeks in the MH group; in the NF group it was significantly longer (4.6 weeks). Prophylactic treatment of patient with an indwelling urinary catheter delayed the appearance of bacteriuria and ACB; however, their appearance could not be prevented even by NF. PMID- 7048118 TI - [Transformations in acute kidney failure within a quarter of a century]. PMID- 7048119 TI - [Effect of indomethacin on renin secretion in isolated perfused rat kidney (author's transl)]. AB - In vivo administration of indomethacin (I) is associated with a decrease in basal and stimulated plasma renin activity in man and other animal species including the rat. In order to identify the mechanism(s) underlying the effect of I on renin secretion, studies were carried out using isolated rat kidneys perfused at a constant rate (5 ml/min) with cell-free medium. In this model, the infusion of I into the renal artery at concentrations ranging from 5.5 to 167 mumol/1 induced a dose-dependent and reversible increase in renal renin release. Although these effects were observed without variation in perfusion pressure and kidneys were non-filtering, no definitive conclusion may be drawn concerning their mediation by macula densa or baroreceptors from the present data. Inhibition of renal prostaglandin biosynthesis by I may play a role; however, another possible mechanism could be the inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity by I. Supporting this view was the finding that theophylline, a potent known inhibitor of phosphodiesterase activity mimicked the effect of indomethacin in our model. PMID- 7048120 TI - [Criteria for diagnosis and treatment of neurosurgical congenital anomalies of the central nervous system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048121 TI - [A case of hemangioma calcificans (author's transl)]. AB - A 32-year-old male, who had had temporal lobe seizure for the past 10 years, was admitted to the neurosurgical institute of Tenri Hospital on March 10, 1981. Physical examination on admission revealed some memory disturbance, neuroasthenic tendency and a purplish nevus in the left foot. Plain x-ray series of the skull showed several nodular calcified lesions in the medial aspect of the left temporal lobe. Electroencephalography showed sporadic negative spikes and irregular slow waves dominant in the left anterior quadrant of the head. CT scan showed a high-density area in the left hippocampal gyrus with slight enhancement by contrast medium. Under stereotactic consideration, a left temporal osteoplastic craniotomy and total removal of the mass were performed on March 20, 1981. The histological examination proved it to be calcified cavernous hemangioma or hemangioma calcificans after Penfield and Ward (1948). Postoperative course was uneventful; even 4 weeks after surgery, electroencephalogram became normalized, and memory and anxiety scores became better. At present, in spite of decreased anticonvulsant, the patient has had no more seizure since surgery, and has returned to his business without any complaint. The authors have emphasized the necessity of active operation for hemangioma calcificans even for the one located in the depth of the dominant cerebral hemisphere. Stereotactic consideration can make the surgical risk minimize. CT scan especially with its contour plot of the images is helpful precisely to locate the lesion. For the nevus in the left foot, the biopsy was refused by the patient, which might have connection with the intracerebral cavernous angioma. PMID- 7048122 TI - [Migration of subduro-peritoneal shunt into the subdural space of an infant (author's transl)]. AB - A ten-month-old baby was admitted to our clinic with the diagnosis of bilateral chronic subdural hematomas. He had complained of general convulsion during the past 3 months. Evacuation of hematomas was performed on both sides through burr holes in the parietal region. Several weeks following the evacuation of hematomas, subduroperitoneal (S-P) shunting operation was further performed bilaterally for the collection of fluid in the subdural spaces, using a "Pudenz" shunting catheter with a reservoir. The catheter was fixed at the connector of the reservoir and the peritoneal catheter by several silk sutures to the epicranium. Three weeks after S-P shunting operation the right shunting system was not felt on his head on palpation, and the abnormal high density spots were shown inside the right subdural space on CT. The right craniotomy revealed that the whole shunting system was located in the right subdural space. Technical problems of the shunting operation and the several factors of the patient which may contribute to such a rare complication of this surgical procedure are briefly discussed. PMID- 7048123 TI - Pathogenicity of a poliomyelitis-like disease in monkeys infected orally with enterovirus 71: a model for human infection. AB - Ten cynomolgus monkeys were given enterovirus 71 (E71) by mouth. Clinically, only one monkey showed weakness of the lower extremities. Histopathologically, vascular lesions of variable intensity, perivascular cuffing, degeneration and necrosis of the neurons and neuronophagia were observed in the CNS of 7 monkeys. E71 was recovered from the CNS and specific immunofluorescence was detected in the neurons and in associated macrophages in the CNS. Serum neutralizing antibody titres rose from 14 to 21 days. These monkeys are as susceptible to E71 infection by the oral route as by the subcutaneous route as previously shown, and its neuronal virulence was confirmed by its producing CNS lesions after oral infection. The orally infected monkey with E71 appears to provide an excellent model for infection by this agent in man. PMID- 7048124 TI - Characterization of cephalic arteriovenous LH differences by continuous sampling in ovariectomized sheep. AB - Blood from the external carotid artery and from the external jugular vein were collected simultaneously, and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were measured in order to determine the temporal pattern of the large episodic pulses of LH secretion which are characteristic of ovariectomized sheep. Collection of paired arterial and venous samples at 5-min intervals did not provide adequate resolution of arteriovenous LH changes which accompany these pulses. Therefore, a continuous blood sampling system was developed which permitted collection of paired and venous samples over 20-second intervals throughout a sampling period of approximately 45 min. One large pulse of LH secretion was detected in 6 of 9 trials, and each pulse was characterized by a brief period (2-6 min) when venous concentrations of LH were much higher than corresponding arterial concentrations. Periods of considerable release of LH from the head were usually followed by a period when arterial LH levels were greater than the venous levels, indicating that LH was being removed from the circulation by the tissues of the head. Administration of synthetic GnRH pulses (17.5-35 ng) through the arterial cannulae of halothane-anesthetized ewes produced in different trials arteriovenous LH concentration differences ranging from no discharge of LH to discharges much larger and more prolonged than those occurring spontaneously in conscious ewes. These results suggest that individual episodes of spontaneous pulsatile discharge of LH in ovariectomized sheep last 2-6 min and probably result from episodic secretion of LH-releasing hormone by the hypothalamus. Profiles of circulating LH also appear to be modified by extravascular sequestration of LH. PMID- 7048125 TI - Calculation of stereotactic coordinates from the computed tomographic scan. AB - A protocol has been developed to use the GE 8800 scanner and its resident programs to calculate stereotactic coordinates, which has made it possible to use any stereotactic apparatus without modifying the apparatus in order to introduce a cannula into any lesion visualized on a computed tomographic (CT) scan to biopsy tumors, drain abscesses, implant radioisotopes, etc. The CT scanning is done in a routine fashion except that a lateral ScoutView, with the planes of each CT slice indicated, is included. Once the CT scan has been completed, resident programs for measuring distances are used to establish a zero point on a reference plane, from which all other coordinates can be defined. The stereotactic procedure is done at a separate time in the operating room, using the coordinates derived from the CT scan. The ScoutView image is compared to the lateral x-ray film taken during the stereotactic procedure to establish the location of the targets. It has been estimated that the accuracy of this system is 3 mm. Abscesses less than 1 cm in diameter deep within the cerebral hemisphere have been accurately aspirated and tumor biopsies have been successfully taken. PMID- 7048126 TI - Distribution of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the rat main olfactory bulb. AB - Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was localized within the main olfactory bulb of the rat using immunohistochemical techniques. These studies utilized well characterized antisera directed to either leu5- or met5-enkephalin. Specificity was established by absorption of the antisera with either 10 microM synthetic leu5- or met5-enkephalin. Specific enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was observed within several different cell populations including (1) periglomerular cells, (2) granule cells and their processes within the external plexiform layer and (3) occasional short-axon (horizontal) cells within the granule and external plexiform layers. The granule cell layer contained the greatest number of immunoreactive cells. Only a limited number of immunoreactive cells were found in both the periglomerular and granule cell layers, suggesting the enkephalin containing neurons represent a sub-population within each layer. The absence of immunoreactive processes in the periventribular white matter, as well as the morphologies of immunoreactive bulbar neurons, indicates that enkephalin is found exclusively within intrinsic olfactory bulb neurons. PMID- 7048127 TI - Identification of serotonin and non-serotonin-containing neurons of the mid-brain raphe projecting to the entorhinal area and the hippocampal formation. A combined immunohistochemical and fluorescent retrograde tracing study in the rat brain. AB - We have studied the localization of serotonin- and non-serotonin-containing cell bodies in the midbrain raphe nuclei that project to the entorhinal area and the hippocampal formation in the rat brain, using the technique of combined retrograde fluorescent tracing and immunohistochemistry on the same tissue section. The branching properties of these neurons were studied by retrograde double labelling using two fluorochromes which emit fluorescence with different spectral characteristics. After injections of granular blue or propidium iodide into the medial entorhinal area, retrogradely-labelled cells were found situated bilaterally in the caudal half of the dorsal raphe nucleus, the medial part of the median raphe and throughout the rostrocaudal extension of the nucleus reticularis tegmentipontis. Injections placed successively more laterally in the entorhinal area labelled progressively less cells contralaterally in the dorsal raphe and the reticular tegmental nucleus of the pons. After fluorochrome injections into the dorsal part of the hippocampal formation, retrogradely labelled cells were found in the caudal part of the dorsal raphe, in the peripheral part of the median raphe and to a minor extent in the medial part of this nucleus, but not in the nucleus reticularis tegmentipontis. The experiments with double retrograde fluorescent tracing showed that the raphe nuclei do not send bilateral projections to the entorhinal area in spite of the fact that many of these cells are located contralateral to the injected hemisphere in single labelling experiments. Injections of the fluorochromes into the entorhinal area and hippocampal formation showed that at least 10% of the raphe cells project to both areas simultaneously. Analysis of sections incubated with antiserum to serotonin showed that a majority of the retrogradely-labelled versus serotonin immunoreactive cells was found to vary within different parts of the individual raphe nuclei: the ventromedial part of the dorsal, the medial part of the median and the nucleus reticularis tegmentipontis being the highest. The findings indicate that both serotonin- and non-serotonin-containing neurons in the raphe innervate the hippocampal region, that these projections may be crossed but not bilateral, and that the same neuron in the raphe may influence the neural activity in the entorhinal area and the hippocampus simultaneously. PMID- 7048128 TI - Lacunar strokes and infarcts: a review. AB - At least 20 different lacunar syndromes have been described and can be recognized by characteristic clinical features. Almost all occur in patients with hypertension. Small lacunes are usually due to lipohyalinosis, larger ones to atheromatous or embolic occlusion of a penetrating vessel. The concept of the "lacunar state" is examined in the light of recent knowledge with the conclusion that the clinical deficit is primarily related to unrecognized normal pressure hydrocephalus rather than to the presence of a few lacunes. The notion that lacunes occur haphazardly is criticized because the first or only lacune tends to be symptomatic. The incidence of cerebral lacunes has declined since the introduction of antihypertensive therapy, an indication that therapy is effective. PMID- 7048129 TI - Cerebral histiocytic lymphoma presenting with loss of weight. AB - An adult man presented with loss of weight and this progressed over several months before the appearance of signs of neurologic disease. Autopsy showed histiocytic lymphoma with extensive meningeal spread and dense infiltration of the hypothalamus. This diencephalic syndrome has been reported with cerebral tumor, leukemia, encephalitis lethargica, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer disease, CT of the brain and examination of the CSF may be helpful in diagnosis. PMID- 7048130 TI - Muscle acid protease activity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: correlation with clinical and pathologic features. AB - Acid protease activity was increased in skeletal muscle of patients with ALS. The highest levels of activity were found in individuals with the clinically and histologically most affected muscle. High levels of proteolytic activity correlated with the extent of muscle atrophy, the presence of target fibers and the overall severity of disease. PMID- 7048131 TI - Migration of a subdural-peritoneal shunt into the interhemispheric space. Case report. PMID- 7048132 TI - [Glucose and insulin in the blood and ascitic fluid after oral administration of glucose in hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 7048133 TI - [Recent medico-social aspects of arterial hypertension]. AB - The medical and social importance of hypertension, its symptoms and complications are presented. The factors of risk are examined and in particular the importance of premature onset of the hypertension in the youth is stressed. Since in teen agers suffering from hypertension, it is probable that this disease worsen in the adult age, the necessity of a correct diagnosis and treatment also in the youth is pointed out. PMID- 7048134 TI - [Vincenzo Tiberio and the discovery of penicillin. A great conquest straddling 2 centuries]. PMID- 7048135 TI - [The changes in the "power of medicine" in France from the revolution until today, according to Jean-Paul Aron]. PMID- 7048136 TI - [Age at menarche. Retrospective study of 500 normal girls]. PMID- 7048137 TI - ["In vivo" and "in vitro" immunological monitoring in carcinoma of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 7048138 TI - [The role of meiosis and sex chromosomes in the genesis of autosomic and gonosomic abnormalities]. PMID- 7048139 TI - [Glomerulonephritis associated with persistent HBs antigen in the blood]. PMID- 7048140 TI - Longitudinal study on hyperlipidaemia and diet in RDT patients. PMID- 7048141 TI - Blood transfusion and cellular immunity. PMID- 7048142 TI - Effects of optical isomers of ketamine on excitation of cat and rat spinal neurones by amino acids and acetylcholine. AB - The (+) isomer of ketamine was approximately 3 and 1.5 times as potent as the (-) isomer in reducing excitation of rat and cat Renshaw cells by N-methylaspartate (NMA) and acetylcholine (ACh) respectively. The potency ratio of the two isomers of ketamine as NMA antagonists was similar to that obtained in anaesthetic and analgesic tests [16, 19, 25]. PMID- 7048143 TI - Development of microspikes and neurites in cultured dorsal root ganglion cells. PMID- 7048144 TI - Corticoliberin in rat brain: immunocytochemical identification and localization of a novel neuroglandular system. PMID- 7048146 TI - Nutrition classics. Federation Proceedings, volume 23, 1964. Water and electrolyte losses in cholera by R.A. Phillips. PMID- 7048145 TI - Zinc deficiency in Crohn's disease. PMID- 7048147 TI - Effect of lactose on intestinal absorption of lead. PMID- 7048148 TI - Retinopathic effect of sucrose-rich diets due to fructose. PMID- 7048149 TI - Oral rehydration therapy for diarrhea in children--a basic primer. PMID- 7048150 TI - Stable isotope methods for nutritional diagnosis and research. PMID- 7048151 TI - Adequacy of lactation in well-nourished mothers. PMID- 7048153 TI - Metabolic and endocrine responses of infants to breast milk and formulas. PMID- 7048152 TI - Therapeutic trials in mild iron deficiency in infants. PMID- 7048154 TI - The inhibitory modulation of agonistic behavior in the rat brain: a review. AB - Neural regions which exercise an inhibitory influence on agonistic behavior are identified by the enhancement of agonistic behavior that follows their removal. The specific kinds of agonistic behaviors altered by each region are then examined. Increased reactivity to the experimenter and enhanced shock-induced fighting are produced by lesions of the region ventral to the anterior septum, the lateral septum, the medial hypothalamus, and the dorsal and median raphe nuclei. It is argued that the increased reactivity and shock-induced fighting correspond to an enhancement of defensive behavior. Mouse killing is induced by lesions of the anterior olfactory nucleus, the region ventral to the anterior septum, the lateral septum, the medial hypothalamus, the dorsal and median raphe nuclei, and the medial amygdala. Because the lesion-induced mouse killing is similar to that emitted by spontaneous mouse killers, it is argued that these regions normally exert an inhibitory control over predatory killing. The available evidence on social attack behavior has not convincingly identified regions exerting an inhibitory control over this dimension of behavior. Our conclusion is that separate brain systems exert an inhibitory control over defensive behavior, predatory killing, and social attack behavior. To a substantial extent, the regions modulating these behaviors appear to act independently of one another. The only neurotransmitter that is clearly active in these inhibitory systems is serotonin, and has only been directly implicated in the control of mouse killing by neurons originating in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei. PMID- 7048155 TI - The role of vagally-medicated hyperinsulinemia in hypothalamic obesity. AB - Evidence that the obesity syndrome which follows ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions is at least partially the result of a primary metabolic dysfunction is reviewed, as are proposals that the altered metabolism is due to enhanced vagally mediated insulin release. This hypothesis was based largely on experiments demonstrating the complete reversal of hypothalamic obesity by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, but subsequent studies have revealed that hypothalamic obesity is not always prevented by prior vagal transections. Interpretation of these discrepant results has been made difficult because of the frequent use of gastric secretion, behavioral, or other indirect tests for completeness of vagotomy. A review of more recent studies which have employed either direct assessment of vagotomy effects on insulin levels, pharmacological blockade of vagal efferent activity, or selective vagotomies indicates that vagally-mediated hyperinsulinemia can account for no more than 40% of the weight gain observed in animals with VMH lesions fed ad libitum, and may not be involved in the obesity that results from some parasagittal VMH knife cuts. It is concluded that vagally-mediated hyperinsulinemia does make a substantial, although not exclusive, contribution to the increased carcass lipid content observed in VMH animals that are food restricted or pair-fed with control animals. PMID- 7048156 TI - Normal and abnormal sympathoadrenal function; in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7048157 TI - Pathophysiology in diabetic autonomic neuropathy: cardiovascular, hormonal, and metabolic studies. PMID- 7048158 TI - Cardiovascular reflex tests; in the natural history of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. PMID- 7048160 TI - [Nurses: pink necks?]. PMID- 7048159 TI - Polymicrobial endocarditis in a drug addict; therapeutic and epidemiologic implications. PMID- 7048161 TI - The cost of marrow transplantation compared with the cost of conventional treatment for acute leukaemia and aplastic anaemia. PMID- 7048162 TI - Piroxicam in the management of rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with naproxen. PMID- 7048163 TI - Part II-Dental hygiene: profile of a profession. PMID- 7048164 TI - Hemostasis in menstrual endometrium: a review. PMID- 7048165 TI - Cirrhosis--pregnancy and delivery: a review. PMID- 7048166 TI - Commemorative issue: Georgeanna Seegar Jones, Howard W. Jones, Jr. Twenty-five years as editors-in-chief for Gynecology, Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. PMID- 7048167 TI - [Egypt: in Ramses' time]. PMID- 7048168 TI - [Anders Lundstrom: from games master to professor]. PMID- 7048169 TI - [Treatment of refractory cytostatic agent-induced vomiting with the synthetic cannabinoid levonantradol]. AB - 20 patients with malignant tumours with severe gastrointestinal side effects during cancer chemotherapy refractory to standard antiemetic drugs were treated with the cannabinoid levonantradol in a second identical chemotherapy course. 17 patients (85%) has less nausea and vomiting, 5 had a total relief of symptoms, and 8 had a reduction of frequency of vomiting of 50% or more. Side effects were frequent, whereby fatigue, dizziness (12/20) and psychical side effects (8/20) were found to be the most uncomfortable. PMID- 7048170 TI - [Antitumoral effect of xenogenic substances in vivo and in vitro]. AB - The proliferation of various tumour cells was inhibited in vivo and in vitro after application of/or incubation with xenogeneic liver tissue. The development of s.c.-implanted meth-A-sarcoma was blocked by the prophylactic injection of these preparations. In addition firmly established tumours regressed under therapy. Preparations obtained from xenogeneic organs like thymus, placenta or brain had a similar antitumor activity. A mixture of various xenogeneic tissues from different species had a much higher therapeutic efficiency. In the Meth-A system the xenogeneic material surpassed the antineoplastic effect of rather high doses of cyclophosphamide. The preparations showed no side-effects in mice and rats. These results were supported by experiments in tissue culture. This new antitumour activity of xenogeneic tissues in vivo is interpreted as mediated by an increased host defense. The results in tissue culture however, indicate also a direct regulatory effect on cells. PMID- 7048171 TI - Combination hormonotherapy with tamoxifen and fluoxymesterone in patients with advanced breast cancer relapsing on hormonotherapy. AB - 33 patients were treated with a combination of tamoxifen and fluoxymesterone (10 mg t.i.d. each) after progression on prior hormonotherapy (HT). 6 of 22 patients (27%) exhibiting a partial response (PR) or stable disease (NC) on previous HT responded to the combination (median time to relapse 7 months, range 3.5 to 17+ months). 11 (50%) maintained NC (median duration 5 months, range 2% to 9.5 months). No response has been seen in 11 patients who experienced progressive disease during prior hormonal manipulation or who were not evaluable for response to prior HT. The overall response rate was 18% for the patient population as a whole (responders and nonresponders to previous HT), which most probably would be similar to the response rate if these patients received only fluoxymesterone. PMID- 7048172 TI - Non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas: treatment of localized relapses with chemo + radio + BCG-therapy. AB - 16 patients with relapsing non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas considered as clinical stage I or II were treated by an association of chemo + radiotherapy and thereafter by maintenance BCG therapy. 5 of them were included in a randomized trial and have a significantly different disease-free survival from patients receiving the same treatment but without BCG. 11 were systematically treated by BCG and they also have a fairly good disease-free survival. Such a treatment appears to be of value in treating these patients and even probably of curing some of them. PMID- 7048173 TI - Immunosuppression related to ascitic fluid in patients with ovarian carcinoma. AB - The immune response to SRBC (PFC assay) was suppressed in mice injected with cell free ascitic fluid from patients with ovarian carcinoma. The immunosuppressive effect of ascitic fluid obtained from stage IV patients was stronger than that of stage III patients. These data were correlated with the patient's immune status (number of E and EAC rosettes, PHA reactivity of lymphocytes, skin reactivity in recall antigens) and with changes in protein fractions in the serum and ascitic fluid. A good correlation was found between the immunosuppressive effect in the mouse PEC assay and the increased quantity of alpha-1-globulins in ascites. Skin nonreactivity to PPD also correlated with the immunosuppressive effect of ascitic fluid. However, the lymphocyte response to PHA and the numbers of E and EAC rosettes did not correlate either with skin reactivity or recall antigens or with the suppression of PFC response in mice. PMID- 7048174 TI - In vitro colon assay of peripheral blood mononuclear cells - a comparison of breast cancer patients and normal individuals. AB - The in vitro colony growth in agar of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) as a stimulant is on an average lower in breast cancer patients than in normal individuals of the same age and sex group. This difference is statistically significant in patients with stage 1 disease but not in those with stage 2 or stage 4 disease. It is also noted that in normal individuals the in vitro colony growth of PBMC stimulated with PHA alone is invariably greater than that obtained with PHA combined with phorbol myristate acetate as mitogens. Among stage 1 breast cancer patients there is a group in which this pattern is reversed. No distinguishing features in this group can as yet be identified. PMID- 7048175 TI - [Effect of the stem cell inhibitory factor on the formation of hemopoietic colonies]. AB - The activated T lymphocytes release in the culture medium a factor inhibiting the ability of hemopoietic stem cells to form hemopoietic colonies in the spleens of lethally irradiated recipients. An analysis of the effect of this factor on hemopoietic colonies was carried out. Its inhibiting effect was not related to the process of opsonization and to changes in the migration of spleen cells in the irradiated organism. No marked changes in the ratio of erythroid, myeloid and megakaryocytic foci were found in the spleens of irradiated mice which received the syngeneic bone marrow cells treated in vitro by the factor of stem cell inhibition: all three sources of hemopoiesis suffered under its effect to the same extent and their total number of the spleens was sharply reduced. Some mechanisms of the effect of the factor of stem cell inhibition on the formation of hemopoietic foci are discussed. PMID- 7048176 TI - Techniques in eyelid wound closure. AB - While one of the most basic techniques in eyelid surgery is the repair of an eyelid defect that involves the margin, many eyelid defects are still poorly repaired; and much confusion still exists in this area. Based upon sound anatomic and surgical principles, we suggest several modifications of classically described techniques: (1) The greyline suture is replaced by a tarsal suture through the meibomian gland orifices to provide a stronger closure and better alignment. (2) All tension of closure is supported by the deep tarsal sutures rather than by the margin sutures to avoid notch formation or unsightly scars. (3) A two-layered closure where orbicularis and tarsus is closed in a single layer is technically easier and gives results comparable to the classically taught three-layered closure. Conjunctival sutures in the tarsal portion of the eyelid are unnecessary and frequently cause corneal irritation. (4) When lid resection is performed, a pentagonal excision rather than a "V" or wedge resection should be used to minimize tension on the margin when closed. We present in an illustrated step-by-step fashion our preferred technique which gives consistently good results. PMID- 7048177 TI - Surgical management of pseudophakic corneal edema: complications and visual results following penetrating keratoplasty. AB - Of 45 eyes with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, 40 underwent a penetrating corneal transplant. Thirty-six were followed for over six-months post surgically. Preoperative increased intraocular pressure and endothelial dystrophy in the contralateral eye were common findings. The most important factors limiting visual acuity postoperatively were increased intraocular pressure and cystoid macular edema. Although most grafts remained clear, this does not correlate with the final visual outcome in these patients. Eyes in which the IOL was retained had statistically better visual results than eyes in which the IOL was removed because of associated complicating factors. PMID- 7048178 TI - Three-years' experience in a regional burn center with burns of the eyes and eyelids. AB - A retrospective three-year study of lid and ocular burn injuries in a regional burn center revealed no major complications. The management program was based on cooperation between the burn unit and ophthalmological staff and included: 1. A high index of suspicion for eye injuries of the burned patient; 2. Early ophthalmologic consultation and examination; 3. Aggressive early treatment; 4. Rigorous follow-up and re-examination; and 5. Multiple and frequent grafting of lids, as needed. PMID- 7048179 TI - Total keratoplasty in peripheral corneal degeneration. AB - A case of total penetrating homologous keratoplasty with excellent visual improvement is reported. The postoperative course was remarkably uneventful. Sodium Hyaluronate (Healon) was used at the time of surgery. We believe that the use of Healon facilitated the intraoperative procedure and eliminated peripheral anterior synechiae with associated secondary glaucoma. The graft remained entirely clear during the 13 months of postoperative observation. The tension was below 14 mm Hg. The visual acuity improved to 20/20. PMID- 7048180 TI - Immunosuppressive therapy for progressive ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. AB - In a controlled, nonrandomized, longitudinal cohort study, we studied the efficacy of systemic immunosuppression in treatment of progressive cicatricial pemphigoid affecting the eyes. Twenty-six patients were studied; 18 received systemic immunosuppressive drugs, and eight received conventional therapy. Three patients who received cytotoxic agents withdrew from the study with intolerable gastrointestinal distress. Fourteen of the 15 patients who were immunosuppressed successfully for prolonged periods experienced a cessation of their episodic ocular inflammation and a halting of their progressive conjunctival cicatrization. They maintained vision at least as good as that present when disease activity was brought under control; in two patients vision improved. The one patient who was adequately immunosuppressed and successfully maintained in such a state for two years but who had progressive ocular surface pathology with eventual blindness had concomitant rheumatoid arthritis and severe sicca syndrome. The three patients who withdrew from immunosuppressive therapy and the eight concomitant controls all showed continued episodic conjunctival inflammation and conjunctival cicatrization with development of severe keratopathy and profound visual loss. Complications in this series included alopecia (100%), anemia (78%), gastrointestinal distress (22%), hemorrhagic cystitis (11.1%), and severe leukopenia (5.5%). These results support the notion that abnormal immunoregulatory mechanisms are involved in the progressive disease activity in cicatricial pemphigoid and that systemic immunosuppression may have an appropriate role in the treatment of this disease. PMID- 7048181 TI - The Barraquer experience with intraocular lenses. 20 years later. AB - The Barraquer Clinic experience in lens implantation is briefly reviewed. About 500 lenses were implanted in a seven-year period, with excellent early results. Late disasters, particularly corneal dystrophy, required the removal of over 300 of these lenses. Recently an extensive analysis has been completed of 162 of the lenses removed. These included Ridley, Strampelli, Dannheim, Boberg-Ans, and Barraquer lenses. The examination of the lenses themselves, coupled with current knowledge of design requisites for intraocular lenses, permits a scientific analysis of these early implants and the problems associated with their use. PMID- 7048182 TI - The anophthalmic socket. AB - Following enucleation or evisceration surgery, the anatomy and physiology of the orbit are changed. These changes affect not only the cosmetic appearance of the anophthalmic patient but also the function of the socket and the prosthesis. Surgical techniques for primary enucleation and evisceration surgery and correction of early and late complications are described. During the course of this century many operations and prosthetic devices have been advocated. A brief summary of these is given as well as detailed surgical descriptions of techniques the author believes have proven successful over the years. PMID- 7048183 TI - The use of digital subtraction angiography in the evaluation of carotid cavernous sinus fistulas. AB - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV-DSA) is a safe, rapid procedure that can be performed on an outpatient basis and provide diagnostic information comparable to conventional angiography. This paper reviews the initial experience with intravenous digital subtraction angiography in the evaluation of five cases of carotid cavernous sinus fistula, digital subtraction angiography. PMID- 7048184 TI - A double-blind trial of systemic zinc sulfate in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. AB - A double-blind crossover study of the effects of systemic zinc sulfate was carried out on twenty-five patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. No therapeutic effect was seen with the use of systemic zinc over a 3-month period. This study fails to confirm the beneficial effects of zinc seen in previously reported studies. Four patients had to discontinue the zinc therapy because of side effects. The empirical use of systemic zinc sulfate supplementation in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis is not recommended. PMID- 7048186 TI - An unusual form of chronic gingivitis: an ultrastructural, histochemical, and immunologic investigation. AB - Gingival tissue from a patient suffering from an unusual form of gingivitis, previously described as plasma cell gingivitis, has been subjected to ultrastructural, histochemical, and immunologic investigation. Macrophages and T lymphocytes infiltrated the oral epithelium where a dissecting type of injury was produced, predominantly in the lower spinous layer. Interkeratinocyte junctions were disrupted and collections of isolated desmosomes were observed in the intercellular spaces. It is postulated that the primary lesion in this atypical gingivitis lies in the epithelium and that the plasma cell infiltrate in the connective tissue is secondary to this. No allergen could be identified, and over a period of 7 years the condition has shown a tendency to resolve spontaneously. PMID- 7048185 TI - Direct immunofluorescence in oral lichen planus. AB - Direct immunofluorescent staining (DIF) was performed on biopsy specimens from thirty-five patients with oral lichen planus. The results showed fibrin deposition in all cases at the mucosal-submucosal interface, within colloid bodies (fourteen of thirty-five) and within vascular walls (five of thirty-five). Deposition of IgG, IgA and IgM was detected to a lesser extent, while complement (C3) could not be identified in any case. The significance of these findings was assessed by comparison with the IF results obtained in thirty-five biopsies from various oral diseases other than lichen planus and ten healty persons. Although the presence of fibrin deposition at the mucosal-submucosal junction, within vessels and cytoid bodies, was found to be highly characteristic of lichen planus, these findings were not specifically diagnostic. Morphologically identical deposits were also seen in lupus erythematosus. It is known at present whether immunologic reactions may play a role in the pathogenesis of lichen planus. However, the immunopathologic findings may occasionally be additional suggestive markers in the diagnosis of the disease. PMID- 7048187 TI - Evidence for antibacterial activity of endodontic gutta-percha cones. AB - In the presence of endodontic gutta-percha cones, several species of bacteria were killed in vitro. Silver points, when compared with gutta-percha cones, were not or were considerably less effective against the target organism. Staphylococcus aureus, in our assay system. Growth of bacteria in serum could be abolished by the mere presence of gutta-percha, especially when time was allowed for previous contact between the serum and the cones. It is concluded that gutta percha cones possess a slowly acting, relatively weak, but, in our opinion, significant inherent antimicrobial property. PMID- 7048188 TI - Efficacy of using benzocaine for temporary relief of toothache. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the efficacy of benzocaine for temporary relief of toothache. The agent used is available at drug counters; it contains 7.5 percent benzocaine in propylene glycol and has the form of a gel. The study was double blind. The agent and a placebo were provided by the manufacturer in an equal number of randomly numbered but otherwise unlabeled tubes. Forty-nine patients (twenty-five males and twenty-four females) with throbbing toothache pain resulting from dental caries were included in the study. The mean age was 25.6 years for patients receiving the drug and 26.7 years for patients receiving the placebo. Of the twenty-four patients who received the active agent, twenty (83 percent) were relieved of pain. The average time for onset of relief was 3.7 minutes. In the placebo group, only four patients (16 percent) were relieved of pain. When the chi-square test is used, the difference is statistically significant at the 0.01 level. No adverse reaction to the agents used was observed. PMID- 7048190 TI - Migrating root tip. PMID- 7048189 TI - The apical seal via the retrosurgical approach. I.A. preliminary study. AB - The results of this study indicated that heat-sealed gutta-percha alone and when reinforced with Adaptic or a glass ionomer cement provided the most effective apical seal. It is therefore proposed to expand this study to include these materials and zinc-free Spheraloy and Cupralloy amalgams as retrofilling materials. The amalgams will be used with and without cavity varnish. PMID- 7048191 TI - [Metabolic processes in normal articular cartilage (age aspect) and in osteoarthrosis (literature review)]. PMID- 7048192 TI - [In memory of N. I. Pirogov (on the 100th anniversary of his death)]. PMID- 7048193 TI - [Bennett's fracture]. PMID- 7048194 TI - Free flaps versus myocutaneous flaps in reconstruction of the head and neck. PMID- 7048195 TI - Skin grafts. PMID- 7048196 TI - Scar revision and camouflaging. PMID- 7048197 TI - [Nasal patency in changed physiological conditions]. PMID- 7048198 TI - Diet and coronary artery disease--why the controversy? PMID- 7048199 TI - Dietary considerations in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7048200 TI - City and college salute Katharine Boucot Sturgis, MD. PMID- 7048201 TI - [The Otto Thalhammer Festschrift on the occasion of his 60th birthday]. PMID- 7048202 TI - Insulin levels in amniotic fluid and fetal growth. AB - Insulin concentrations in amniotic fluid were correlated with fetal age and with fetal weight in order to test the hypothesis that fetal insulin regulates fetal growth. No significant correlation could be detected. Insulin levels in amniotic fluid in diabetics, however, were significantly higher than in nondiabetics. In the same samples of amniotic fluid C-peptide proved to be very unstable during long term storage. PMID- 7048203 TI - [Wide gap esophageal atresia without esophagotracheal fistula (author's transl)]. AB - Standard treatment of infants with "wide gap" esophageal atresia usually requires a staged procedure consisting of gastrostomy at birth (with or without cervical esophagostomy) and then a bowel interposition between the oesophagus and stomach at 1 year of age. Because this approach procedures significant morbidity and swallowing dysfunction, an alternative method for treating the wide gap atresia is recommended. The upper and lower esophageal pouch can be elongated by preoperative bougienage. This technique allows successful primary esophageal reconstruction in infants with wide gap esophageal atresia previously considered uncorrectable except by use of colonic or gastric tube interpositions. PMID- 7048204 TI - [Bronchopulmonary dysplasia after artificial ventilation of newborns (author's transl)]. AB - The retrospective study of 745 mechanically ventilated newborns showed that 24 (3%) developed radiographic stage IV bronchopulmonary dysplasia. 12 survived, 11 died during their initial hospitalization, 1 died of cardiopulmonary disease at the age of 15 months. All children were prematures, mean age at gestation was 31,5 weeks, mean birth weight was 1520 g. 87% of them showed initial clinical and radiographic features of severe hyaline membrane disease. Artificial positive pressure ventilation was necessary for at least 30 days. During mechanical ventilation pneumothorax occurred in 25%, interstitial emphysema in 41%. Patent ductus arteriosus was found in 53%. Volume cycled and pressure regulated respirators were used. No significant differences regarding mechanical ventilation (peak pressure, PEEP, FiO2) could be found between those who survived and those who died. Clinical follow-up of those children who survived showed the most of them had slight pulmonary complications during their first year of life. Only two children showed severe cardiopulmonary disease. One of them died at the age of 15 months. The development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia seems to be a result of positive pressure ventilation (high pressure, high oxygen) superimposed upon severe respiratory distress syndrome. The importance of the underlying lung disease seems to be significant. PMID- 7048205 TI - [Welfare service of the Emperor Joseph II for orphaned and sick children (author's transl)]. AB - It turned out that the Vienna General Hospital, which was founded in 1784, was not sufficient for the out-door treatment of children. So, in 1787, J. J. Mastalier with the ready assistance of Emperor Joseph II. founded an Institute for Sick Children which later was to house the first Institute for Cowpox Vaccination on the continent. There the first X-ray treatment of pathological tissue was carried out and it also became the working place of Sigmund Freud. Joseph II. provided for the foundlings and also initiated a functioning means for the protection of the unborn by measures taken in the Maternity Hospital of his foundation, i. e., the Vienna General Hospital. PMID- 7048206 TI - [The infant of the diabetic mother. A current reevaluation (author's transl)]. AB - In the past fifteen years several aspects of the diabetogenic fetopathia have changed. Tight metabolic control during pregnancy approaching normoglycemia was followed by a continuous decline in perinatal mortality. However, the evaluation of pregnancy outcome beyond statistical analyses still reveals some pertinent questions: They state to the increased incidence of congenital malformations, the pre- and postnatal diagnosis of significant gestational diabetes, the heterogeneity of impaired intrauterine growth and development and the late outcome of these children. PMID- 7048207 TI - [Diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of a patient with pseudohypoaldosteronism (author's transl)]. AB - We report about a girl, 22 months old, with pseudohypoaldosteronism. The clinical course was characterized mainly by renal salt loosing syndrome, complicated by suddenly occurring hyperkalemic phases and a complete inability of renal electrolyte and acid-base regulation. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia was excluded and the diagnosis based on renal salt wasting despite hyperaldosteronaemia and increased plasma renin activity. Diagnosis and therapy of pseudo hypoaldosteronism are discussed as well as the problems of long-term oral sodium chloride substitution and long-term therapy with sodium-polystyrol-sulfonate, a cation-exchange resin. PMID- 7048208 TI - Evaluation of pericranial tenderness and oral function in patients with common migraine, muscle contraction headache and 'combination headache'. AB - Oral function was evaluated in a group of 13 patients with muscle contraction headache (MCH), 7 patients with common migraine (CM) and 18 patients with 'combination headache' (CM + MCH) and in a control group of 25 normal persons who had never had a headache. Malocclusion and loss of molars were rare in both groups. Impaired denture function and joint disturbances were more frequent in the headache patients but not significantly so. Clenching and grinding teeth and tongue pressure were all significantly more common in headache patients. Tenderness of pericranial muscles was present in all headache patients with severity increasing in the order CM, MCH, CM + MCH; it was absent in all the controls. On the average 9 tender spots were found per patient. Pressure on tender spots evoked pain in other areas (referred pain) in 29 of 38 headache patients. The abnormal tonic hyperactivity in the masticatory muscles and the neck may be the cause of tenderness which again may be an important source of pain in these patients. PMID- 7048209 TI - Enhanced resistance to Plasmodium berghei in mice previously infected with Trichinella spiralis. AB - Infection with Trichinella spiralis larvae greatly enhanced the resistance of adult mice against fatal infection with Plasmodium berghei given 10 and 30 days after T. spiralis infection. Mice infected with T. spiralis had a markedly activated mononuclear phagocytic system and significantly low reticulocyte levels at the time the mice were challenged with P. berghei. Therefore, the partially subdued parasitaemia and prolonged survival of Trichinella-Plasmodium-infected mice may be attributed, in part, to macrophage activity and reticulocytopenia exerting a specific anti-P. berghei effect. This study suggests the role of T. spiralis induced reticulocytopenia and activated macrophages as potential mechanisms in resistance to P. berghei infection. PMID- 7048210 TI - [Improved method for the histological determination of the physiological age of ixodid ticks (Ixodidae)]. AB - Hystological study of hungary imagos of Dermacentor pictus Herm. and other ticks of the genus Ixodes has made it possible to improve the method of physiological age determination of ixodids (Balashov, 1961). The following criteria for age determination are suggested: 1) size of sections of midgut appendages and their structural peculiarities, 2) height of midgut epithelium, 3) amount of haemoglobin inclusions in midgut cells, 4) amount of haematin in midgut cells, 5) cellular structure of midgut epithelium. Four main physiological ages can be determined by means of the above method (Razumova, 1977), which correspond to four degrees of nourishing according to Balashov (1961). By means of the method a stereotype of seasonal changes in the age structure of C. pictus population has been found out--a younger composition in spring and old one in autumn. PMID- 7048211 TI - [An outstanding protozoologist, A. G. Alekseev (1882-1950)]. PMID- 7048212 TI - Growth of Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro: development and application of a continuous flow culture system. AB - The design and operation of a modular, bacteriological continuous-flow culture system have been adapted for the growth of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes in simple monophasic media. The system was designed to achieve a minimum of 200 days of continuous culture and provision was made for the continuous supply of medium and collection of parasites under sterile conditions. The system provides large quantities of epimastigotes with homogeneous morphology and uniform viability. The system also lends itself to the analysis of the factors which affect parasite growth. We examined the effects of changes in environmental parameters on epimastigote growth rate. Optimal growth was observed at 27 degrees C. The rate of stirring of the culture had a small but definable effect on the growth rate, which was greatest at 80 rp.m. Growth was only slightly affected by the level of dissolved oxygen between 10 and 50% saturation, but was inhibited at higher concentrations. Growth was slower at extreme values of pH but showed a broad optimum around pH 7.4. PMID- 7048213 TI - [Reversion of cancer cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048214 TI - Selenium and kidney deposits in experimental argyria. Electron microscopy and microanalysis. AB - The conjugate effects of selenium and silver salts were studied in experimental renal argyria. Microanalysis has led to the localization of products of chemical reactions to Se and Ag in tissue sections. After prolonged treatment with Ag salts alone, there was Ag and S deposits in basal membranes. When Se and Ag were used together, the formation of these deposits in glomerular basal membranes was accelerated spectacularly. Electron probe microanalysis has shown that Se replaces S in silver deposits. Compared to its effect on other metals, Se was shown to have a complex action, characterized primarily by its toxic effect, favoring the appearance of symptoms of argyria. PMID- 7048215 TI - Lipid synthesis and storage by histiocytes X. Study "in vitro" for eosinophilic granuloma. AB - Using 14C glycerol and 3H glycerol, in a study of lipid metabolism of two cases of eosinophilic granuloma of the bone, the authors point out that this precursor is preferentially but not electively incorporated by mononuclear cells. This fixation particularly concerns the big cells with numerous lipid droplets and few X bodies. The precursor is essentially involved in neutral lipid synthesis. As is the case with common macrophages, this lipid synthesis might express various states of cellular maturation and ageing. PMID- 7048216 TI - [Immediate hypersensitivity in brucellosis. New data (author's transl)]. AB - The presence of clinical manifestations of the "immediate hypersensitivity" process has been frequently described in veterinarians, bacteriological laboratory technicians and some patients with chronic brucellosis. We have looked for the presence of specific IgE in these conditions. Twenty-four patients, three months at least after the acute phase of their brucellosis, were given exploration of their humoral, cellular and specific immunity against brucellosis. For this purpose, beside usual classical tests: serodiagnosis, total and specific IgE assays, intradermoreaction and lymphoblastic transformation test with specific antigen (PI fraction) and an adaptation of human basophil degranulation test (HBDT) with PI fraction were performed on all 24 patients. Exploration of immediate hypersensitivity allows us to show neither an abnormal increase of hyper-IgE frequency nor an increase of anti-brucella specific IgE. HBDT is positive in 41 p. cent of the patients. It confirms that immediate hypersensitivity exists. HBDT gives justification for trying desensitization which has been proposed in the past. HBDT will possibly allow us to evaluate desensitization effectiveness. PMID- 7048217 TI - [Septicemia due to Leptotrichia buccalis in an immuno-suppressed patent (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of septicemia due to Leptotrichia buccalis in a patient with underlying lymphatic leukemia. It is the second case reported in the literature. This observation shows, once again, that bacteria known as "non virulent" can exhibit pathogenicity in immunosuppressed patients. PMID- 7048218 TI - Ischemic brain injury: the importance of calcium, lipolytic activities, and free fatty acids. AB - Ischemic brain insults are accompanied by several metabolic alterations. In the present review, the adverse reactions, which might be important for the outcome of these insults, are those related to phospholipid and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism triggered by the disturbed calcium ion homeostasis in combination with energy depletion following ischemia. The conditions lead to an activation of phospholipases and to a decreased rate of phospholipid resynthesis with a concomitant increase in the concentration of free fatty acids, in particular arachidonic acid. During the recirculation phase, when oxygen supply is reestablished, the polyunsaturated arachidonic acid serves as substrate in the cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways leading to the formation of hydroxy-and hydroperoxy fatty acids, prostaglandins and possibly also leukotrienes. These substances have adverse effects on the integrity of cell membranes, irreversibly altering the functional properties of the cells, and also vasomodulator properties influencing the effectiveness of the reperfusion of the brain. PMID- 7048219 TI - Effect of indomethacin in experimental cerebral ischemia. AB - The effect of indomethacin treatment (4 mg/kg-1, i.v.) on the cerebrocortical post-ischemic reperfusion ischemia (rabbits) or to focal epicerebral ischemia (cats). When administered prior to global ischemia (but not after), indomethacin enhanced the cortical post-ischemic blood flow. No improvement, however, could be observed in the electrocorticogram in either case. Moreover, indomethacin pretreatment did not change the evolution of the cortical tissular pO2 following focal ischemia. It is suggested that, in spite of post-ischemic amelioration of blood flow, indomethacin is unable to improve tissular oxygenation and electrical activity of the cerebral cortex. PMID- 7048220 TI - Brain ischaemia, calcium and calcium antagonists. AB - There is a great similarity between the loss of respiratory activity of isolated cerebral mitochondria which have been submitted to ischaemia in vivo and the loss of activity following the incubation of normal cerebral mitochondria in the presence of Ca2+. These observations may imply that Ca2+ could play an important role in the pathogenesis of the cellular changes which accompany ischaemia. Studies in vitro with Ca2+ antagonists (diltiazem, nifedipine, perhexiline and verapamil) have shown these agents to possess a powerful vasodilatatory action but to be incapable of reversing the loss of functional activity of isolated mitochondria from the ischaemic brain. Although the treatment of a primary focal cerebral ischaemia by Ca2+ antagonists does not seem promising, these agents may be of considerable interest in the therapy of cerebral ischaemia secondary to vasospasm. PMID- 7048221 TI - [Cerebral blood flow metabolism and behavior following cerebral infarction in the awake rat (author's transl)]. AB - In the awake rats, a cerebral ischemia was performed by means of 2,000 microspheres administered into the internal carotid via a chronic catheter. After a coma lasting for a few minutes and a 24-48 h palsy, the Long Evans rats gradually recover a normal behavior. The acquisition of an avoidance response is deeply disturbed by microembolization but the capacities of memorization reappeared with the regression of oedema. 7 days after embolization, the cerebral blood flow in ischemized hemisphere was still significantly decreased, and in spite the glucose consumption was identical in ischemized and non ischemized side. This latter parameter is a better index of the cell activity. This model in the awake rat was proposed for the study of molecules used in cerebral ischemia without interference of anesthetics drugs. PMID- 7048222 TI - [A 15oxygen positron study of relative local perfusion and oxygen extraction of the brain in lacunar hemiparesis (author's transl)]. AB - The oxygen-15 non-invasive continuous inhalation technique coupled with positron emission tomography (PET) allows the local study of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism. Recent PET studied have demonstrated the frequent occurrence of widespread metabolic depression remote from the site of middle cerebral artery territory infarct per se, especially over the cortical mantle and thalamus ipsilaterally, and over the cerebellar hemisphere contralaterally. These phenomena have been taken as indicative of a transneural depression (i.e. diaschisis). We thought interesting to study the possible occurrence of such abnormalities in patients with lacunar syndromes. We have applied the 15O technique to seven patients (2 with pure motor hemiplegia, 5 with ataxic hemiparesis) in whom no large causal ischemic lesion could be demonstrated on CT Scans; in only one patient was a lacunar lesion, presumably responsible for the clinical deficit, evidenced. Compared to a set of 19 patients without brain disease, the semi-quantitative results (analyzed in terms of asymmetry indices between homologous brain regions) in our patients did not disclose any pathophysiologically significant abnormality. More specifically, no evidence of physiological dysfunction similar to that reported in internal carotid artery territory infarcts, was detected over the cerebral or the cerebellar cortices. These original findings are commented upon in view of the presumably small size and the uncertain topography of the causal lesion. PMID- 7048223 TI - [Ageing and cerebral vascular sclerosis: myth or reality? (author's transl)]. AB - The most important aspects of normal and pathological brain ageing are considered from a structural, cellular, hemodynamical, chemical and clinical point of view. It seems admitted that cerebral blood flow and cerebral consumption for oxygen decrease with age but when severe health criteria are used to select normal old subjects, no significant differences exist between normal young and optimally healthy elderly. The question arises whether the blood flow reductions are responsible for the alterations in metabolism, or whether it is simply an auto regulatory response to the lesser metabolic demands of the tissue. The part of cerebral arteriosclerosis is questioned on cerebral flow drop accompanying clinical signs in senile mental impairment. Among some cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension seems to play a leading part in acute and chronic neurological diseases associated with age and with certain types of senile dementia (multi-infarct). However in all other cases, hypertension and cerebral vascular insufficiency, for all that this syndrome exists, seem to have been overestimated to explain chronic senile brain deterioration. PMID- 7048224 TI - Definition and therapy of chronic cerebro-vascular diseases. AB - Chronic cerebro-vascular disorders could be considered in a broad sense as a large body of knowledge in which three main categories of clinical disturbances have to be be considered: 1) Pathological aging that manifest itself with light short term memory impairment associated with a mild parkinsonian symptomatology or pseudobulbar signs. 2) Senile dementia Alzheimer type and multi infarct dementia. 3) Chronic cerebro-vascular disorders as defined by the Ad Hoc Committee (Paris, 1980). At present the therapy of chronic cerebro-vascular disorders is based on two main groups of drugs and can be divided into: 1) A treatment of prevention or secondary prevention which tends to correct or modify the different risk factors. 2) A treatment that seeks to control and modify the neurological and neuropsychological after effects and the disorders of the higher nervous activities which result from the lesion. PMID- 7048225 TI - Is ischemia involved in the pathogenesis of migraine? AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in 254 areas of a hemisphere with the intraarterial 133-xenon method in seven patients before and during classical migraine attacks. During prodromes/accompaniments focal flow was markedly reduced (mean 36 p. cent. range 22-60 p. cents). Initial focal hyperemia was observed in three patients, loss of functional focal activation in six patients and headache during oligemia in four patients. The oligemia was observed in all seven patients. It started at the posterior pole of the brain and gradually spread anteriorly in the course of 15-45 minutes. The findings indicate that a simple vasospastic model of the classical migraine attack is not likely. In six patients with common migraine, attacks were induced with red wine. On eight occasions rCBF was measured before and after provocation, and just before and during induction of migraine attacks. In three patients stationary detection and xenon-inhalation was used. In one patient intra-arterial xenon and in four patients xenon-inhalation and 133-xenon tomography measuring from about 700 regions of the brain. Measurements were taken about 15 minutes apart. In no patient was oligemia observed at any time. The results suggest that the pathogenesis of common migraine is different from that of classical migraine. PMID- 7048226 TI - Joint changes in transplanted caudal vertebrae. AB - Both straight and bent segments of tails from 4-d-old and weaning Sprague-Dawley rats were used to study the changes which occur in symphyseal joints on transplantation to non-functional sites. In the joints from the younger donors ankylosis occurred almost invariably in the proximal end of the tail, while distally it was rarely seen unless the tail was curved, when ankylosis was visible on the inner side of the bend. The joints from the older donors showed a more varied response on transplantation. Some appeared unaltered, in others where growth continued, calcific changes were seen. In bent segments, unlike in younger ones, ankylosis occurred preferentially on the outer side of the bend. Histological examination revealed that ankylosis of the joint occurred through a process of chondroid metaplasia of the intervertebral connective tissue with subsequent replacement by bone. The metaplastic joint changes were primarily the results of pressure producing compression of the annulus fibrosus in tissues with a reduced vitality due to transplantation and lack of function. PMID- 7048227 TI - Genetic predisposition ot autoimmune disorders. PMID- 7048228 TI - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7048229 TI - Strain differences in virulence of group B streptococci. PMID- 7048230 TI - Nyctohemeral rhythm of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone in children. AB - Circadian rhythms of plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone (PA) were studied in eight healthy children, 7 to 15 years old. Blood samples were obtained at 7:00 AM, 10:00 AM, 1:00 PM, 4:00 PM, 5:00 PM, 8.00 PM, and midnight on day 1 and 4:00 AM and 7:00 AM on day 2. Children had normal activity during this test. Intra- and interindividual changes were noted in PRA in plasma taken in the upright position. Mean PRA values for samples taken in the upright position were maximal at 1:00 PM (7 ng/ml/hr) and minimal at 5:00 PM (4.1 ng/ml/hr). Mean PRA in the supine position was maximal at 4:00 AM on day 2 (5.6 ng/ml/hr), and its rise was statistically significant compared with the mean PRA at 7:00 AM on the same day (3.9 ng/ml/hr). Plasma aldosterone varied without any definite pattern. No correlation was found between PRA and PA and 24-hr urinary sodium excretion. PMID- 7048231 TI - Protease inhibitors and their relation to protease activity in human milk. AB - Protease inhibitors and protease (caseinolytic, elastinolytic and esterolytic) activity were analysed in 190 milk samples from 94 mothers from day 1 to day 160 after delivery. The main protease inhibitors in human milk are alpha 1 antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-antitrypsin. As measured by electroimmunoassay, the level of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in day 1 colostrum was higher than that in normal serum. Trace amounts of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor, alpha 2 antiplasmin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, antithrombin III, or antileukoprotease could be demonstrated. According to their protease inhibiting activity, the 53 milk samples from day 1-3 could be divided into two groups. (1) Presence of protease inhibiting activity (n = 35). Both alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1 antichymotrypsin appeared intact and were able to form complexes with added trypsin or chymotrypsin although the major part of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin showed a retarded electrophoretic mobility. The proteolytic inhibiting activity, in spite of the presence of immunoreactive inhibitors (n = 18). alpha 1 antichymotrypsin had a precipitate pattern similar to group 1, whereas alpha 1 antitrypsin had a major fraction with slightly retarded mobility and two minor peaks in the alpha 1-and beta-regions. These precipitate patterns were unchanged on addition of human trypsin or chymotrypsin compatible with the presence of nonreactive inhibitor only. These samples had a caseinolytic and esterolytic activity with an electrophoretic mobility in the beta-region. All samples from day 4 and later had a demonstrable protease inhibiting activity. PMID- 7048232 TI - Does phenobarbitone prevent periventricular hemorrhage in very low-birth-weight babies?: a controlled trial. PMID- 7048233 TI - Hospital infection control for varicella zoster virus infection. AB - More than 500 hospital employees and 209 patients were exposed to varicella zoster virus (VZV) as a consequence of 22 uncontrolled hospital introductions that occurred over a period of 34 months. Five introductions of varicella were by hospital employees who acquired the infection outside the hospital. Successful infection control of VZV requires an accurate definition of the susceptible population and the limitation of transmission. Individuals with prior VZV infection are epidemiologically not at risk for developing clinical illness. Serologic screening of hospital employees with uncertain prior VZV history is effective in identifying those at risk of developing the infection. A prior history of intimate exposure to VZV does not imply immunity in the absence of clinical illness. PMID- 7048234 TI - [Role of iron in resistance to infection]. PMID- 7048235 TI - [Kidney scintigraphy with 99mTc-DTPA in children]. PMID- 7048236 TI - [Growth disorders in children and adolescents, their incidence, etiology and classification]. PMID- 7048237 TI - [Endotoxic shock in the pathogenesis of severe variants of acute intestinal infections in children]. PMID- 7048238 TI - [Acid-peptic activity and mechanisms of resistance of the duodenal mucosa in children with gastroduodenal diseases]. PMID- 7048239 TI - [A further note on the validity of the diagnosis of "cholecystitis" in children]. PMID- 7048240 TI - [Characteristics of biological rhythms in children]. PMID- 7048241 TI - [Rehabilitation of children with kidney diseases]. PMID- 7048242 TI - Comparison of an HPLC method with a RIA, EMIT and FIA method for the assay of serum gentamicin with extensive statistical evaluation. AB - A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay, a radioimmunoassay (RIA), an enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) and a fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) method for assaying serum gentamicin were compared in terms of accuracy and precision. Spiked human serum samples in the range of 0-11.6 mg.1(-1) gentamicin were used in all the tests. Regression analysis and analysis of variance were performed. The Performance Index (PI) was used to qualify the different methods. Other aspects of performance were also compared: simplicity, speed, cost, application in relation to workload. After extensive statistical evaluation the FIA method gives the best results. PMID- 7048243 TI - Renal handling of homologous and heterologous insulin in the isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - 1. Renal handling of pig- and rat-insulin was studied in the isolated perfused rat kidney. 2. Metabolic clearance rates of both pig- and rat-insulin exceeded GFR. 3. Peritubular uptake of pig-insulin accounted for 13% of rat-insulin for 31% of the total metabolic clearance. 4. The nonfiltering kidney does not remove insulin from the peritubular circulation. 5. Metabolic clearance rates of pig- and rat-insulin are directly related to GFR. 6. The filtration process seems to be necessary for the uptake of insulin at the peritubular site. PMID- 7048244 TI - Baccalaureate and master's degree program in nursing accredited by the NLN 1982 83. PMID- 7048245 TI - Masters education in nursing: route to opportunities in contemporary nursing 1982 83. PMID- 7048246 TI - [Clinical trial of isaxonine in diabetic neuropathies (author's transl)]. AB - A double-blind survey of isaxonine versus a placebo was carried out with two groups of diabetics on clinical and electrophysiological evidence of nervous system impairment. The active agent showed a particularly favourable effect on sensory disorders (paresthesia, pain, perception sensibility). The clinical results were correlated with the electrophysiological results (electromyograms, motor nerve conduction velocity). Even with a well-balanced glycemic regulation, which was taken into account for each case but which is not sufficient to rule out the development of neuropathy, improvements shown by patients treated with isaxonine were more numerous and of better quality. PMID- 7048247 TI - [Clinical trial of isaxonine in alcoholic polyneuritis (author's transl)]. AB - Forty six confirmed cases of polyneuritis were treated in a double-blind survey for 4 to 5 months. The results were evaluated in terms of clinical examinations and electrophysiological tests. There was a clearly significant difference in favour of isaxonin. Tolerance was good, in particular insofar as the liver was concerned. The dosage of 1175 to 1500 mg/day for adults seemed adequate. PMID- 7048248 TI - [Clinical trial of isaxonine in the ulcerous mutilating acropathy of chronic alcoholics (author's transl)]. AB - The ulcerous mutilating acropathy accompanying impairment of the peripheral nervous system, as evidenced by the electrophysiology of chronic alcoholics, formed the subject of a double-blind (isaxonine) survey carried out with a placebo in the case of such patients. The withdrawal of alcoholic beverages was a therapeutic rule in both groups. Healing of perforating plantar ulcers was clearly more frequent in the treated group than in the control group. The improvement was accompanied by an improvement in sensory disorders, particularly superficial tactile sensibility. PMID- 7048249 TI - [Malignant arterial hypertension in scleroderma. Beneficial effects of captopril on pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance]. PMID- 7048250 TI - [Ultrastructural peroxidases and immunological markers in acute adult leukaemia: therapeutic applications (author's transl)]. AB - In a retrospective study of 112 adult patients with acute leukaemia (AL), the percentage of undifferentiated leukaemia was reduced to almost 1% by an analysis of routine cytochemical reactions (PAS, peroxidase, esterases and esterase inhibition), B and T lymphocyte markers (IgS, E-rosettes, HuTLA) cAll antigen and ultrastructural detection of peroxidase activity (PO-ME). A simultaneous study of cALL antigen and PO-ME showed reciprocal exclusion of these markers, except in one case of mixed leukaemia. Therapeutically, the value of these tests lies in that patients with typical PAS reaction and cALL antigen consistently respond to vincristine- corticosteroid treatment, whereas patients without cALL and with PO ME are frequently resistant to that combination of drugs. PMID- 7048251 TI - [Usefulness of combined captopril-labetalol treatment in resistant hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - Fifteen patients with severe or malignant resistant arterial hypertension were treated by simultaneous administration of captopril and labetalol. Seven patients (group A) were given captopril alone and 8 patients (group B) labetalol alone without noticeable results. However, when the two drugs were given jointly a significant fall in mean arterial pressure from 165 +/- 19.8 (+/- 1 S.D.) to 102.4 +/- 15.1 mmHg (p less than 0.001) in group A patients and from 162.7 +/- 20 to 117 +/- 21.4 mmHg (p less than 0.05) in group B patients was observed. There were no significant changes in heart rate, a few side-effects were recorded. The captopril-labetalol combination may be considered as a useful alternative treatment of resistant arterial hypertension. PMID- 7048252 TI - [Guanfacine poisoning]. PMID- 7048253 TI - [Pulmonary edema in pernicious malaria. Favorable course under artificial positive end expiratory pressure respiration]. PMID- 7048254 TI - [Kidneys; hypertension and pregnancy. III. The renal risk in pregnancy]. AB - When a woman with chronic renal disease wishes to become pregnant, the risk to the mother and the foetus is often inaccurately evaluated or exaggerated. In patients with primary nephropathy the foetal risk is significantly increased by the arterial hypertension frequently associated with renal insufficiency. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with renal involvement, the risk represented by hypertension is compounded by a high incidence of spontaneous abortion, particularly when the disease is progressive. Pregnancy seems to have little influence on SLE itself, and the classical post-partum problems are controversial. Much more dangerous are acute complications, such as cortical necrosis or haemolytic and uraemic syndromes occurring in apparently healthy women during the last trimester of pregnancy and after delivery. Urinary infections are common during pregnancy. They are heralded by asymptomatic bacteriuria which should be systematically detected, since these infections increase the likelihood of pyelonephritis with in turn increases the severity of perinatal complications. PMID- 7048255 TI - Role of the constant uridine in binding of yeast tRNAPhe anticodon arm to 30S ribosomes. AB - Twenty-two anticodon arm analogues were prepared by joining different tetra, penta, and hexaribonucleotides to a nine nucleotide fragment of yeast tRNAPhe with T4 RNA ligase. The oligomer with the same sequence as the anticodon arm of tRNAPhe bind poly U programmed 30S ribosomes with affinity similar to intact tRNAPhe. Analogues with an additional nucleotide in the loop bind ribosomes with a weaker affinity whereas analogues with one less nucleotide in the loop do not bind ribosomes at all. Reasonably tight binding of anticodon arms with different nucleotides on the 5' side of the anticodon suggest that positions 32 and 33 in the tRNAPhe sequence are not essential for ribosome binding. However, differences in the binding constants for anticodon arms containing modified uridine residues in the "constant uridine" position suggest that both of the internal "U turn" hydrogen bonds predicted by the X-ray crystal structure are necessary for maximal ribosome binding. PMID- 7048256 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the 5'- and 3'- domains for rabbit 18S ribosomal RNA. AB - By direct RNA sequence analysis we have determined the primary structures of both the 5' and 3' domains for rabbit 18S ribosomal RNA. Purified 18S rRNA was labeled in vitro at either its 5' or 3' terminus with 32P, base-specifically fragmented enzymatically and chemically, and the resulting fragments electrophoretically fractionated by size in adjacent lanes of 140 cm long polyacrylamide sequencing gels run in 90% formamide. A phylogenetic comparison of both the mammalian 5' proximal 400 residues and the 3' distal 301 nucleotides with the previously determined yeast and Xenopus laevis 18S rRNA sequence shows extensive conservation interspersed with tracts having little homology. Clusters of G + C rich sequences are present within the mammalian 5' domain which are entirely absent in both the Xenopus laevis and yeast 18S rRNAs. Most base differences and insertions within the mammalian 18S rRNA when compared with yeast or Xenopus rRNA result in an increase in the G + C content of these regions. We have found nucleotide sequence analysis of the ribosomal RNA directly permits detection of both cistron heterogeneities and mapping of many of the modified bases. PMID- 7048257 TI - Use of specific single stranded DNA probes cloned in M13 to study the RNA synthesis of four temperature-sensitive mutants of HK/68 influenza virus. AB - Specific single stranded DNA probes have been obtained for both influenza virion RNA (vRNA) and complementary RNA (cRNA) by cloning a hemagglutinin gene fragment in the single stranded DNA phase M13. These probes were used for hybridization with the total labeled RNA from cytoplasmic extracts of infected cells. MDCK cells were infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza HK/68 and the production of the virus specific RNA species was analysed at both permissive and restrictive temperatures. Results show that two NP mutants which undergo intracistronic complementation exhibit two different phenotypes at the non permissive temperature: ts2C is poly A cRNA and vRNA negative whereas ts463 is RNA positive. Two mutants of P genes were also analysed and we discuss the relationship existing between the synthesis of the three RNA species especially between poly A and non poly A cRNA. PMID- 7048259 TI - Use of the 'Perceptron' algorithm to distinguish translational initiation sites in E. coli. AB - We have used a "Perceptron" algorithm to find a weighting function which distinguishes E. coli translational initiation sites from all other sites in a library of over 78,000 nucleotides of mRNA sequence. The "Perceptron" examined sequences as linear representations. The "Perceptron" is more successful at finding gene beginnings than our previous searches using "rules" (see previous paper). We note that the weighting function can find translational initiation sites within sequences that were not included in the training set. PMID- 7048258 TI - Characterization of translational initiation sites in E. coli. AB - We characterize the Shine and Dalgarno sequence of 124 known gene beginnings. This information is used to make "rules" which help distinguish gene beginning from other sites in a library of over 78,000 bases of mRNA. Gene beginnings are found to have information besides the initiation codon and Shine and Dalgarno sequence which can be used to make better "rules". PMID- 7048260 TI - The effect of relaxation on postoperative muscle tension and pain. AB - Relaxation training has been postulated to decrease abdominal muscle tension, a source of postoperative pain, as well as alter the psychological variables of anxiety and perceived control. A two-group pre- and posttest experimental design was used to determine if abdominal muscle tension, self-report of pain and distress differ in adult cholecystectomy patients in two treatment conditions. Six patients received relaxation training, and six patients, serving as a control, received standard preoperative instruction. Results showed the distress caused by painful sensations was lower for patients who learned the relaxation technique. PMID- 7048262 TI - Hospital history in miniature. PMID- 7048261 TI - 9-1. Psychological problems in long-term care. PMID- 7048263 TI - Renal replacement therapy. 10-2. The renal associations. PMID- 7048264 TI - The continuing nursing education and adult education movements in the United States. PMID- 7048265 TI - Munchausen's syndrome: fantasy island (Rudolph Raspe). PMID- 7048266 TI - Down Memory Lane: for king and country. PMID- 7048267 TI - [Swedish Red Cross as a pioneer organization]. PMID- 7048268 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of CRF in the ovine hypothalamus. AB - A population of neuronal cell bodies and their fiber pathways have been elucidated within the ovine hypothalamus. The immunoreactive neurons were located in the anterior and dorsal hypothalamus interspersed throughout the paraventricular nucleus. These perikarya were only observed when an antiserum that was generated against the C-terminal of CRF was employed. A dense fiber projection traversed the medial-basal hypothalamus and ended within the palisade contact zone of the median eminence and neural stem. Fibers were revealed by antisera generated against both the N-terminal and the C-terminal of CRF. Antisera pre-absorbed with synthetic CRF failed to yield immunoreactivity. PMID- 7048269 TI - [Proteolytic and antitrypsin activity of the saliva in subjects fed through a nutritional gastrostomy]. PMID- 7048270 TI - Improved method of screening for extracranial cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 7048271 TI - Current trends in whole blood and red cell therapy. AB - Modern blood bank technology has made available a variety of red cell and other blood products in addition to whole blood. The concept of component blood therapy should not discourage physicians from using whole blood in certain situations. The clinical indications for whole blood and red cell products are reviewed in this article. PMID- 7048273 TI - [Infective pneumopathies of immunosuppression]. AB - Advances in the therapy of tumors or for the maintenance of grafts have improved survival in a large number of patients, but at the price of repeated complications due to the induced immunodeficiency state. Pulmonary infections are a frequent occurrence, and while some are easily recognized and treated, others must be precisely diagnosed, as only early specific treatment can avoid the often fatal outcome. Various techniques have therefore been developed to obtain specimens for microorganism isolation before having ultimate recourse to a surgical lung biopsy. It is in this field that the most marked progress is currently being made. The different microorganisms responsible for these affections are reviewed, the majority being common to the immunodeficiency state, while others are encountered more frequently as a function of the underlying disorder and of the ecological conditions in each centre. PMID- 7048272 TI - Malign effects of splenectomy--the place of conservative treatment. PMID- 7048274 TI - Dietary effects on selenite toxicity in the chick. AB - The toxicity of Na2SeO3 in diets containing torula (TY) or brewers' yeast (BY) compared to a corn-soy (CS) diet was investigated. Chick mortality caused by feeding 50 or 75 ppm Se as Na2SeO3 was significantly less with TY diets than with either BY or CS diets. The TY diet was also effective in reducing the depressing effect of Se on feed consumption and weight gain. Chicks fed 50 ppm Se in the TY diet accumulated the least amounts of Se in their livers and had only moderate hepatocellular fatty metamorphosis, whereas, those fed the same level of Se in BY diet accumulated the greater levels of Se and showed severe fatty metamorphosis. Partial or total replacement of TY (11%) with BY in the diet significantly increased mortality due to Se toxicity. Some protection against Se toxicity was associated with the ash fraction of TY. This may indicate that the protective effect of TY against Na2SeO3 toxicity is due at least in part to its mineral content. PMID- 7048275 TI - Effects of gradation in protein-calorie restriction on the hypothalo-pituitary gonadal axis in young domestic fowl. AB - The effect of protein-calorie restriction on the circulating concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) was investigated in the young domestic fowl. Two-week old broiler chicks were fed isocaloric synthetic diets with varying levels of soy protein for a period of 14 days. Growth rate, as indicated by body weight, was decreased as the level of protein in the diet was reduced. Body weights of birds on a 3% protein diet were only 29.7% that of birds on a 24% protein diet. Severe protein-calorie restriction was also associated with depressed plasma LH levels in birds of both sexes, with male birds appearing to be more sensitive to this deficiency. A reduction of protein in the diet from 24% to 3% was associated with a 69% decrease in LH in males and a 43% decrease in females. In addition to lower circulating concentrations of LH, protein-calorie restriction was associated with a reduction in gonadal weight. Testes weights in birds on a 3% protein diet were only 16% of those on a 24% protein diet. Studies with synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) indicated that protein-calorie restriction alters luteinizing hormone secretion via a hypothalamic effect. PMID- 7048276 TI - Transplantation and the eye. PMID- 7048277 TI - [Mechanism of coughing]. PMID- 7048278 TI - [Endotracheal intubation: historical aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048279 TI - [Theophylline in allergic bronchial asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048280 TI - [100 years of tuberculosis control in China. A short historical review]. PMID- 7048281 TI - [Bovine tuberculosis during the last 100 years (1882-1982)]. PMID- 7048282 TI - [Fibrosing alveolitis (interstitial pneumonia)]. PMID- 7048283 TI - [Immunological diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048284 TI - [Pulmonary embolism: pathologic aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048285 TI - The effect of different isolation procedures on the yields of insulin-like growth factors from human plasma. AB - Various procedures for the isolation of insulin-like growth factors (IGF's) from human plasma were evaluated with emphasis upon the yields of each species obtained. The procedures which were evaluated as first steps from plasma and mixed Cohn fractions included acid-ethanol extraction, heat coagulation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Certain two-step combinations of these techniques were also evaluated in order to obtain higher fold-purification. Fractions obtained were tested initially using a competitive binding protein assay and then by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for IGF I and II. The results indicated that acceptable yields of IGF I and II were obtained by initial gel filtration of acidified plasma on Sephadex G-75 at pH 2.5 followed by chromatography on S.P. Sephadex C-25. Isoelectric focusing of the active fraction thereby obtained under these conditions and subsequent R.I.A. indicated total recoveries of IGF I and II of about 23 and 96 mU/litre respectively. Peak recoveries of IGF I were obtained in a fraction of pI 7.6-8.2 and IGF II between pI 5.9 and 6.9. The order in which the two steps of gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography were carried out appeared to alter the distribution of IGF's obtained. When ion exchange chromatography was used as the first step, most of the activity was obtained in fractions of pI 4.4-5.9 and was not immunoreactive IGF I or II. PMID- 7048286 TI - [Isolation and characteristics of immobilized L-glutamate decarboxylase]. AB - Glutamate decarboxylase from Escherichia coli was immobilized on inorganic macroporous carriers by the glutaraldehyde, carbodiimide and bromacetyl methods, on silicagel coated with a layer of a glutaraldehyde and m-phenylene diamine copolymer, and by polyacrylamide gel incorporation. The efficiency of the above methods of immobilization was evaluated. The bromacetyl method was found to be the most efficient. The dependence of activity of soluble and immobilized Glu decarboxylase upon pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and stability was established. The differences in the properties of soluble and immobilized Glu decarboxylase were due to the substrate diffusion in pores of the carrier. The immobilized Glu-decarboxylase obtained showed high activity and stability. PMID- 7048287 TI - [Effectiveness of a Soviet human somatotropin in treating hypothalamo-hypophyseal nanism]. PMID- 7048288 TI - [Chronic action of the fat-mobilizing fragment of human somatotropin on the fat content of fat depots and the plasma glucose level in rabbits]. AB - The effect was studied of synthetic tetradecapeptide-the fat-mobilizing human somatotropin fragment 31-34--on the fat content in fat depot and glucode concentration in the rabbit blood plasma and urine. A marked decrease in subcutaneous (the nape region), perirenal, mesenteric and epididimal fat content, accompanied by partial replacement of the fatty tissue by the connective one, was seen 3 to 4 weeks after tetradecapeptide injection to rabbits. Peptide effect manifested itself only under condition of the inadequate diet and was especially pronounced in young animals. Clucosuria and hyperglycemia were not observed after chronic tetradecapeptide injection. Tetradecapeptide did not exert an evident hyperglycemic or insulinogenous effect and did not produce a marked glucose tolerance fall after short administration to rabbits and during the glucose tolerance test in rats. PMID- 7048289 TI - [Cold lymphocytotoxins and their role during kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7048290 TI - [Relation between blood coagulation and hereditary polymorphism of blood group isoantigens]. PMID- 7048291 TI - [Bacteriological evaluation of the facility and apparatus for blood cell separation]. PMID- 7048292 TI - [Method of withdrawal of large quantities of autologous bone marrow from the vertebral bodies of dogs]. PMID- 7048293 TI - [Hemolytic syndromes in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 7048294 TI - [Infections in bone marrow recipients undergoing immunodepressive preparation]. PMID- 7048295 TI - [Biological action of nonionizing radiation and the problem of the effect of solar activity on organisms]. PMID- 7048296 TI - [Biological system reactions to adequate weak low-frequency electromagnetic fields]. PMID- 7048297 TI - [Sun-Earth relations in biology and the phenomenon of frequency "capture"]. PMID- 7048298 TI - [Atmospheric infrasonics as a possible factor transmitting the effect of solar activity to the biosphere]. PMID- 7048299 TI - [Biochemical mechanism of the reaction of living organisms to changes in solar activity]. PMID- 7048300 TI - Longitudinal measurements of sulcular fluid flow after debridement of deep pockets. PMID- 7048301 TI - Trp aporepressor production is controlled by autogenous regulation and inefficient translation. AB - We constructed a trpR-lacZ gene fusion that specifies a hybrid protein that has full beta-galactosidase activity. The gene fusion was associated with the unaltered trpR transcription and translation control region; thus, hybrid beta galactosidase production was an indicator of expression of the trp aporepressor (trpR) operon. To facilitate in vivo expression studies, a DNA segment containing the trpR-lacZ gene fusion and the trpR controlling region was transferred to bacteriophage lambda and subsequently inserted into the bacterial chromosome. Analyses of hybrid beta-galactosidase production showed that the trpR operon is regulated autogenously but that the rate of synthesis of aporepressor varies only 4- to 5-fold in response to changes in the intracellular concentration of tryptophan. Under comparable conditions, the trp operon is regulated by trp repressor approximately 70-fold. Therefore, the operators of the trp operon and the trpR operon must have very different affinities for trp repressor in vivo. The promoter controlling trpR expression was found to be moderately active. Nevertheless, there are only about 50-300 molecules of trp aporepressor per cell. The low aporepressor level appears to be due to inefficient translation of trpR mRNA. PMID- 7048302 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of tubulin, actin, and myosin in axonemes of ciliated cells from quail oviduct. AB - Tubulin, actin, and myosin have been localized in isolated demembranated ciliated cells from quail oviduct by immunocytochemistry in both light and electron microscopy by using purified antibodies. The peripheral doublets and the central tubules are stained by the antitubulin whereas the kinetosomes are poorly stained. Actin antibodies clearly stain the axonemes, but only on the proximal half portion, whereas myosin antibodies stain a small area of the axonemes just above the ciliary neck region. PMID- 7048303 TI - Markedly elevated specific renin levels in the adrenal in genetically hypertensive rats. AB - The specific renin (EC 3.4.99.19) activity in the adrenal of spontaneously hypertensive rats was determined by a method that is capable of distinguishing renin from nonspecific renin-like activity of proteases by using specific antibody to renin. The renin level in the adrenals of adult spontaneously hypertensive rats with established hypertension was found to be 6-8 times as high as that of the normotensive control Wistar-Kyoto strain. The large difference in the adrenal renin level was observed even in 3-wk-old rats in which hypertension has not yet developed. The adrenal renin level was increased by bilateral nephrectomy in both the hypertensive and normotensive strains. A larger quantity of renin was found in the adrenal cortex than in the medulla, and the difference between the hypertensive strain and the normotensive strain was more prominent in the cortex than in the medulla. These results suggest possible involvement of adrenal renin in the development and in the early maintenance phase of hypertension in this animal mode of human essential hypertension by affecting the adrenocortical or adrenomedullary activity, or both. PMID- 7048304 TI - Protein complexes from active replicative fractions associate in vitro with the replication origins of yeast 2-micrometers DNA plasmid. AB - In a search for a replication complex, the activity that replicates the 2 micrometers yeast DNA plasmid in vitro was isolated in a high molecular weight form (Mr approximately 2 X 10(6) by gel filtration and rate-zonal sedimentation from extracts prepared from cells of the budding yeast Saccharomyces. When obtained from cells in late logarithmic cultures this material or "complex" was labile compared to that from early logarithmic cultures, and it did not survive as a complex after ammonium sulfate precipitation. This suggests that, as cultures approach stationary phase and cells cease growth, the association of its protein constituents may be altered. A chimera of 2-micrometers DNA inserted into the plasmid pBR322 was used to test for binding of components of the complex. After a brief incubation of the chimera in vitro with the high molecular weight material containing replicating activity, a protein "knob" was found associated with the 2-micrometers DNA as shown by electron microscopy. This association was not random but was limited to two positions on the plasmid. In the same series of experiments, the in vitro origins of 2-micrometers plasmid replication were also mapped. Two origins were found, consistent in position with those that have been identified in vivo. Molecules utilizing both origins simultaneously in vitro were not observed, and replication in vitro was bidirectional. The location of the origins corresponded to the positions at which the protein knobs associated with 2-micrometers DNA. This and the fact that no replicative intermediates with associated complexes were detected raises the possibility that a specific protein complex may be involved in initiation of DNA replication. PMID- 7048306 TI - Geometric specificity of alcohol dehydrogenases and its potential for separation of trans and cis isomers of unsaturated aldehydes. AB - The geometric specificity of three different alcohol dehydrogenases (alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) (from yeast, from horse liver, and from Leuconostoc mesenteroides) in the reduction of trans- and cis-cinnamaldehydes has been investigated. All three enzymes display a remarkable trans specificity: they react with the trans isomer 7 to 647 times faster than with its cis counterpart. Experiments with the enzymatic reduction of 3-phenylpropionaldehyde, a saturated analog of cinnamaldehyde, have revealed that whereas trans-cinnamaldehyde possesses the "right" configuration for the active centers of the alcohol dehydrogenases, the cis isomer apparently does not fit the active centers well. All three alcohol dehydrogenases studied also exhibit a marked trans specificity in the reaction with alpha-methylcinnamaldehyde. The geometric specificity of alcohol dehydrogenases can be used for the production of otherwise hard to synthesize cis isomers of unsaturated aldehydes from their readily available trans counterparts: trans-cinnamaldehyde was irradiated with ultraviolet light (which converted it to a mixture of trans and cis isomers) then treated with NADH and yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (which selectively reduces only trans aldehyde into the alcohol), and finally the mixture of cis-cinnamaldehyde and trans cinnamyl alcohol was separated easily by preparative column chromatography. PMID- 7048305 TI - Role of positive charge on the amino-terminal region of the signal peptide in protein secretion across the membrane. AB - The positively charged amino-terminal region of the signal peptide has been proposed to have an important role at an initial step of protein secretion across the membrane (loop model). To test this hypothesis, the charge on the amino terminal region of the signal peptide of the prolipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane was altered by using synthetic oligonucleotides from +2 to +1, 0, and -1 by guided site specific mutagenesis of a plasmid DNA carrying an inducible lipoprotein gene. The wild-type sequence of this sectio, Met-Lys-Ala Thr-Lys (+2), was thus changed to Met-Lys-Asp-Thr-Lys (I-1; +1), Met-Ala-Thr-Lys (I-2; +1), Met-Asp-Thr-Lys (I-3; 0), and Met-Glu-Asp-Thr-Lys (I-4; -1). After induction of lipoprotein production, cells were pulse labeled with [35S]methionine for 10 sec. The lipoprotein of I-1, I-2, and I-3 was assembled in the membrane, although the rates of lipoprotein production progressively decreased as the charge on the signal peptide became more negative. Conversely, in the case of I-4, only a small amount of lipoprotein assembled in the membrane while a large amount of glycerol-unmodified prolipoprotein accumulated in the cytoplasm. This soluble prolipoprotein was gradually and posttranslationally secreted across the membrane to be modified and assembled in the membrane. These results indicate that the positively charged amino-terminal region of the signal peptide plays an important role in efficient protein secretion across the membrane. PMID- 7048307 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of a profluorescent analogue of coenzyme B12. AB - We describe here the synthesis and chemical properties of linear(lin) benzoadenosylcobalamin, a coenzyme B12 analogue that has a laterally extended nucleoside in the upper axial position. It is an effective competitive inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii. lin Benzoadenosylcobalamin is nonfluorescent in solution but, on homolytic (light) or heterolytic (acid, cyanide) cleavage of the carbon-cobalt bond, forms fluorescent products. In addition, fluorescence is detectable on binding of the coenzyme analogue to ribonucleotide reductase, and the observed fluorescence polarization of the lin-benzoadenosyl moiety indicates that it is bound loosely to the enzyme when the coenzyme is partially dissociated. PMID- 7048308 TI - Construction of a yeast actin gene intron deletion mutant that is defective in splicing and leads to the accumulation of precursor RNA in transformed yeast cells. AB - The actin gene in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is interrupted by a 309-base pair intron within the protein-coding region. By using nuclease BAL-31, several intron deletion mutants were constructed to define sequences at the 5' splice junction that are required for RNA splicing. Extensive parts of the intron can be removed without affecting correct splicing. One mutant gene from which the invariant thymidine residue in the second intron position was deleted led to the accumulation of large amounts of unspliced actin mRNA when introduced into yeast cells through a recombinant high-copy-number plasmid. No evidence for the usage of alternative splice sites was obtained. PMID- 7048309 TI - Putative mediators of insulin action: regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and adenylate cyclase activities. AB - Recent evidence suggests that certain actions of insulin may be mediated by the selective generation of chemically undefined intracellular substances. Incubation of rat liver particulate fraction with low concentrations of insulin enhances the release into the supernatant of a substance that stimulates mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase. Higher concentrations of insulin release less stimulating activity. It is possible to resolve activities that stimulate and inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase by differential ethanol extraction of the supernatant solutions. The elaboration of both factors is dependent upon the presence of insulin in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, fractions that contain the pyruvate dehydrogenase-inhibiting activity also inhibit adipocyte basal and hormonally stimulated adenylate cyclase. The production of this adenylate cyclase inhibitory activity is also stimulated by insulin. Cyclase inhibition is virtually abolished when the nonhydrolyzable ATP analog, 5'-adenylyl imidodiphosphate, is included in the assay. These results indicate that the bimodal effects of insulin on certain functions may be ascribed to the generation of at least two distinct chemical substances that show opposing activities, which may operate by regulating phosphorylation reactions. PMID- 7048310 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the SUF2 frameshift suppressor gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - To elucidate the molecular mechanism of frameshift suppression by the SUF2 gene of yeast, the sequences of DNA fragments carrying the SUF2-1 and suf2+ alleles of the gene and surrounding regions have been determined. Comparison of the suppressor and wild-type sequences indicates that the SUF2 gene product is a proline tRNA. Disregarding possible base modifications, we find that the wild type suf2+ anticodon of the tRNA inferred from the DNA sequence is 3'-GGA-5'. The SUF2-1 mutation represents the insertion of a G-C base pair at a position in the gene that corresponds to the anticodon loop of the tRNA. Replacement of the wild type suf2+ anticodon by a 3'-GGGA-5' fourbase anticodon enables the SUF2-1 tRNA to suppress the 5'-CCCU-3' four-base codons generated as the result of the his4 712 and his4-713 frameshift mutations. This nontriplet codon-anticodon interaction restores the correct reading frame and allows synthesis of a functional his4 protein. PMID- 7048311 TI - Discoidins I and II: common and unique regions on two lectins implicated in cell- cell cohesion in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - As Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae differentiate from the noncohesive to the mutually cohesive state, they synthesize two galactose-binding lectins- discoidins I and II--which have been implicated as obligatory components of the morphogenetic cell-cell recognition and cohesion system. These proteins have been shown to have similar amino acid compositions and subunit Mr and overlapping but distinct carbohydrate recognition specificities. We have performed extensive immunochemical and biochemical analyses to study the structural relationships between these two molecules and to eventually identify structural and functional domains. Antisera raised against highly purified preparations of discoidin I and discoidin II were tested for their reactivities against each protein by both immunoprecipitation and double diffusion analyses. The patterns of crossreactivity indicated the presence of shared as well as unique antigenic determinants. This interpretation was supported by two-dimensional thin-layer peptide map analysis and by studies with purified peptides. Of approximately 10 12 peptides observed after exhaustive tryptic digestion of each radioiodinated lectin, 3 appeared to be common to both. These putative common peptides were purified, and the corresponding peptides from discoidins I and II were found to behave identically by two-dimensional thin-layer analysis, gel filtration, and susceptibility to chymotrypsin. The finding of common and unique regions in discoidins I and II suggests analogies with other families of recognition proteins and may have important functional implications for these cell-cell recognition molecules. PMID- 7048312 TI - Partial resialylation of human asialotransferrin type 3 in the rat. AB - After the injection of a small dose (1 micrograms/100 g of body weight) of 125I labeled human asialotransferrin type 3 in rats, the radioactivity became rapidly associated with the liver. However, during the ensuing 12 hr a significant fraction of the dose returned to the circulation as protein-bound 125I. The protein released by the liver was indistinguishable by gel filtration from the original preparation and was precipitable by an antiserum to human transferrin. Nevertheless, it no longer bound to the immobilized Gal/GalN-specific lectin from rabbit liver. However, binding could be restored to a large extent by treatment with neuraminidase, indicating that the loss of binding was due to resialylation. Changes in the electrophoretic mobility of asialotransferrin released by the liver showed that resialylation was partial--i.e., it involved the attachment of two or three sialyl residues. From analysis by deconvolution of the plasma curve of partially resialylated asialotransferrin it was calculated that the liver "repaired" this way approximately one asialotransferrin molecule out of four. Plasma clearance of partially resialylated asialotransferrin was similar to that of nondesialylated transferrin. PMID- 7048313 TI - Zn(II)-induced cooperativity of Escherichia coli ornithine transcarbamoylase. AB - The steady-state reaction of ornithine transcarbamoylase (ornithine carbamoyltransferase, carbamoyl phosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.3) purified from the argI gene product of Escherichia coli strain K-12 exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics over an extended range of concentration for both L-ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate. In the presence of Zn2+, however, the saturation curve of L-ornithine becomes sigmoidal, revealing positive cooperativity for this anabolic enzyme. The kinetic data give a limiting Hill coefficient of 2.7 for this substrate at 0.3 mM Zn2+. The allosteric effect of Zn2+ on the enzyme is not altered by the concentration of carbamoyl phosphate, and the saturation curve of carbamoyl phosphate remains hyperbolic in the presence of the metal ion. At fixed substrate concentrations, initial velocity data obtained at 0.-0.3 mM Zn2+ indicate cooperative binding of the metal ion to ornithine transcarbamoylase; a Hill coefficient of 1.7 +/- 0.1 is found that is independent of the level of L-ornithine. These results suggest competitive and exclusive binding to the enzyme between L-ornithine and Zn2+ with conformational changes induced in the subunits of the enzyme only by the metal ligand. Neither Co2+ nor Cu2+ exerts an effect on the kinetic behavior of the enzyme. This finding reveals not only specific allosteric control of ornithine transcarbamoylase by Zn2+ but also the possibility of an interlocking metabolic regulation between the urea cycle and the pathway for pyrimidine biosynthesis. PMID- 7048314 TI - Post-translational modification and processing of Escherichia coli prolipoprotein in vitro. AB - Escherichia coli strain MM18 cells containing malE-lacZ hybrid protein was reported to accumulate prolipoprotein when they were induced with maltose [Ito, K., Bassford, P. J. & Beckwith, J. (1981) Cell 24, 707-717]. We have shown that the prolipoprotein accumulated in maltose-induced MM18 cells is not modified, lacking covalently linked glyceride. When the cell envelope of MM18 containing unmodified prolipoprotein was incubated in the presence of detergent with [2 3H]glycerol-labeled cell envelope of strain JE5505 lacking murein lipoprotein, incorporation of [2-3H]glycerol radioactivity into both prolipoprotein and processed mature lipoprotein was observed. Likewise, when [3H]-palmitate-labeled JE5505 cell envelope was incubated with the MM18 cell envelope containing unmodified prolipoprotein in the presence of detergent, [3H]palmitate radioactivity was incorporated into prolipoprotein by ester linkage and into mature lipoprotein by both ester and amide linkages. These results indicate that our in vitro system contains activities of prolipoprotein modification and processing enzymes, including glyceryltransferase, O-acyltransferase, signal peptidase, and N-acyltransferase. The signal peptidase activity in our in vitro system was completely inhibited by globomycin. At pH 5.0, glyceryltransferase was inactive. Signal peptidase was active at pH 5.0, provided that prolipoprotein had been modified by glyceryltransferase (O-acyl-transferase) during a prior incubation at pH 9.1. These results strongly suggest that the modification of prolipoprotein by glyceryltransferase (and O-acyltransferase) precedes, and may in fact be a prerequisite for, the processing of prolipoprotein by signal peptidase. PMID- 7048315 TI - Cleavage of honeybee prepromelittin by an endoprotease from rat liver microsomes: identification of intact signal peptide. AB - It has previously been shown that rat liver microsomes contain a proteolytic enzyme that cleaves honeybee prepromelittin to yield promelittin. This enzyme has now been further purified by centrifugation on a sucrose-deoxycholate gradient and then reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles. Incubation of prepromelittin with vesicles in the presence of melittin yields, in addition to promelittin, a hydrophobic peptide. The latter could be isolated by extraction with l-butanol and paper electrophoresis in 30% formic acid and was shown to be intact signal peptide by analysis of peptic fragments and automated Edman degradation. The microsomal enzyme is thus an endoprotease that hydrolyzes prepromelittin exclusively at the pre-pro junction. The precision of this cleavage of an insect preprotein by a rat liver enzyme indicates that we are dealing with the ubiquitous eukaryotic signal peptidase. PMID- 7048316 TI - Extensive sequence homology in the DNA coding for elongation factor Tu from Escherichia coli and the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast. AB - Considerable DNA sequence homology can be detected between the Escherichia coli genes coding for translational components and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast DNA. Labeled chloroplast DNA was found to hybridize to restriction fragments of the transducing phage lambda fus3 that code for elongation factor Tu. The chloroplast probe also reacts with fragments coding for ribosomal proteins carried by this phage. The region homologous to the elongation factor genes was located on the physical map of the chloroplast genome by probing restriction fragments of chloroplast DNA with cloned fragments, labeled in vitro, carrying the E. coli elongation factor Tu genes. PMID- 7048317 TI - Immunochemical detection of metallothionein in specific epithelial cells of rat organs. AB - The distribution of a heavy metal binding protein, metallothionein, was studied immunocytochemically by using antimetallothionein antibody and the immunoperoxidase staining technique on histological sections of liver, kidney, intestine, lung, and testis from cadmium-treated rats. These tissues either accumulate heavy metals (e.g., liver, kidney, and testis) or are exposed to metal by ingestion or inhalation (intestine and lung). Staining for metallothionein was observed intracellularly in epithelial parenchymal cells of the liver and kidney; all hepatocytes and most renal tubular cells stained for the protein. Accumulation of metallothionein was not seen in connective tissue cells surrounding either blood vessels or renal tubules. Extracellular localization of metallothionein was also observed in the liver sinusoids and within the lumina of the renal tubules, suggesting a metal transport or excretory function for this protein. Surface columnar epithelial cells of the intestinal villi indicated the presence of metallothionein but connective tissue cells of the lamina propria were negative for the protein. The granular secretory Paneth cells of the small intestine also stained strongly for metallothionein as did respiratory epithelial cells of the lung. In the testis, metallothionein was detected in the Sertoli cells and interstitial cells but not within the spermatogonia. Sertoli cells are closely associated with the developing spermatogonia and appear to serve a nutritive role in spermatogenesis. Because of the secretory, absorptive, or nutritive function of the metallothionein-localizing cells in the organs studied, we suggest that metallothionein may be involved in metal storage or transport in addition to its commonly proposed detoxification role. PMID- 7048318 TI - Enrichment of human marrow lymphocytes with monoclonal antibodies to murine antigens. AB - Two monoclonal antibodies, prepared against a murine B lymphoma and characterized as binding to a cell surface antigen represented primarily on cells of the B lineage, were found to bind to human hemopoietic cells. These antibodies recognize similar populations of cells in mice and humans. Antibodies from clones 177.17 and 83.4 bound to 6% of human bone marrow nucleated cells. This included all cells with detectable cell surface Ig (sIg+) and those that lack sIg but have detectable cytoplasmic mu (sIg-, c mu+), considered to be the immediate precursors of B lymphocytes (pre-B cells). In addition, these antibodies bound to a subpopulation of T cells and a proportion of null lymphocytes in marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood. An unexpected finding was that established pre-B cell lines were not recognized by these antibodies and possible reasons for this are considered. By using antibody-coated polystyrene plates for cell depletion and recovery, highly enriched preparations of c mu+, sIg- cells have been obtained. These antibodies and enrichment procedures should prove valuable in establishing the minimal requirements for maturation of these putative precursors in vitro, for comparative studies of immunodeficiency/autoimmune diseases in man and experimental animal models, and for monitoring the outcome of therapeutic marrow transplantation. PMID- 7048319 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the retina of the guinea pig. AB - The distribution of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the retina of the guinea pig was studied. Indirect immunofluorescence techniques were used on retinae with and without colchicine pretreatment. In retinae not receiving colchicine pretreatment, enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was seen in fibers in the inner plexiform layer, predominantly in laminae 1, 3, and 5. In colchicine-pretreated retinae, enkephalin immunofluorescent cell bodies were seen in the inner margin of the inner nuclear layer in addition to the immunoreactive fibers. These cells showed morphological characteristics of amacrine cells. No enkephalin-like immunofluorescence was seen in the optic nerve, ganglion cell layer, or outer nuclear or plexiform layers. These findings of enkephalin-like immunoreactive cells and fibers in a mammalian retina add to the findings in nonmammalian retinae and suggest that the enkephalins play a role in primary sensory systems of mammalian and nonmammalian species. PMID- 7048320 TI - Noradrenergic and serotonergic fibers innervate complementary layers in monkey primary visual cortex: an immunohistochemical study. AB - Antisera directed against human dopamine beta-hydroxylase or serotonin were used to characterize the noradrenergic and serotonergic innervation patterns within the primary visual cortex of the squirrel monkey. The noradrenergic and serotonergic projections exhibit a high degree of laminar complementarity: layers V and VI receive a dense noradrenergic projection and a very sparse serotonergic projection, whereas layer IV receives a very dense serotonergic projection and is largely devoid of noradrenergic fibers. In addition, the noradrenergic fibers manifest a geometric order that is not so readily apparent in the distribution of serotonergic fibers. These patterns of innervation imply that the two transmitter systems affect different stages of cortical information processing--the raphe cortical serotonergic projection preferentially innervates the spiny stellate cells of layers IVa and IVc, whereas the ceruleo-cortical noradrenergic projection innervates pyramidal cells. PMID- 7048321 TI - Introduction: mucociliary function in mammalian epithelia. PMID- 7048322 TI - Introduction: generation of the bending cycle in cilia and flagella. PMID- 7048323 TI - Rheology of mucus, mucociliary interaction, and ciliary activity. PMID- 7048325 TI - Paleodermatoglyphics. PMID- 7048324 TI - Changing trends in dermatoglyphic research. PMID- 7048326 TI - Apheresis today: an overview. PMID- 7048327 TI - Lymphapheresis in organ transplantation: preliminary report. AB - Reduction of lymphoid tissue by splenectomy and/or thymectomy has been used as a part of immunosuppression in organ transplantation (4). More recently Walker (7), Johnson (2), Franksson (1) and Starzl (5,6) and their associates have shown that chronic depletion of lymphocytes by thoracic duct drainage decreases the incidence of rejection and hence increases renal graft survival. Mechanical removal of lymphocytes from circulation peripheral blood should theoretically achieve the same or similar effect on the immunity as thoracic duct drainage. Since September, 1979, five organ transplant recipients have received multiple lymphocytapheresis by IBM 2997 Blood Cell Separator as a mechanical pretransplant immunosuppression. The changes in cellular and humoral immunity and the clinical outcome are presented in this report. PMID- 7048328 TI - Plasma exchange for bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 7048329 TI - Immune adsorption of anti-A and anti-B antibodies. AB - Plasma exchange is an effective technique for removal of antibodies prior to ABO incompatible marrow grafting. However, expense and hepatitis risk make alternative methods desirable. A solid phase immunoadsorbent column using blood group A trisaccharide has been demonstrated to specifically remove anti-A antibody from human plasma in vitro and immunized dogs in vivo with no toxicity. Preliminary results in patients are encouraging. PMID- 7048330 TI - Liquid storage of granulocytes. AB - The length of time that neutrophils can be stored is the most limited of any of the formed elements of the blood that are presently transfused clinically. Several methods have been used to evaluate the storage of granulocyte concentrates. These include cell counts, cell volume, morphology, dye exclusion, oxygen consumption, hexose monophosphate shunt activity, nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction, chemiluminescence, phagocytosis, microbial killing, adhesion, locomotion, intravascular recovery and half life. These tests indicate that the sequential loss of various neutrophil functions during storage is in the reverse order of their chronological acquisition during cellular maturation. Chemotaxis is the most sensitive indicator of neutrophil damage. In vitro tests show that neutrophils can be stored for approximately 24 hours. However, in vivo tests of chemotaxis suggest that this may be too optimistic. Whole blood, plasma and synthetic media have been evaluated for storage. Investigations of the latter are embryonic and further efforts should be encouraged. Several storage conditions have been evaluated. These studies suggest that the ideal conditions for storage area a pH of 7.2, room temperature (20-24C) and no agitation. Neither premedication of the donor with glucocorticoids nor irradiation of the granulocyte concentrate alters the storage potential of the unit. Cells collected by filtration leukapheresis should not be stored. PMID- 7048331 TI - Function of granulocytes collected for transfusion. AB - Literature describing the in vitro properties of granulocytes or neutrophils prepared for transfusion by various techniques will be reviewed. Neutrophils collected by continuous-flow and intermitten-flow centrifugation leukapheresis and by gravity leukapheresis possess normal structure, biochemistry and microbicidal activities. Although cell movement seems satisfactory, it is likely that impairment exists in circulatory kinetics and in migration in vivo. Neutrophils collected by filtration leukapheresis clearly perform inferiorly to centrifugation cells in in vivo functional assays, and the mechanisms responsible are slowly being unraveled. At the present time, however, granulocyte units prepared by centrifugation leukapheresis are preferred for transfusion. PMID- 7048332 TI - Renal prostaglandins in borderline and sustained essential hypertension. AB - To assess the implication of renal prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, urinary PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were measured in 22 control subjects (11 males) and in 58 patients (33 males) with borderline and sustained essential hypertension under strictly control conditions. Although the mean PGs urinary excretion in essential hypertension was not significantly different from control subjects, 12% of the patients had very low PGE2 levels comparable to subjects receiving prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. There was no difference in urinary PGE2 between borderline and sustained essential hypertension. Urinary PGF2 alpha values were also not significantly different in normal subjects and in hypertensive patients, although four patients (2 of each sex) had excessively elevated PGF2 alpha. There was no significant correlation between the two urinary prostaglandins and blood pressure levels, plasma renin activity, urinary volumes and sodium excretion. These results suggest that with the exception of a small percentage of patients, the renal production of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha are comparable in normal and in hypertensive patients; the production rates of these two compounds are also not influenced by the degree or stage of hypertension. PMID- 7048333 TI - The effect of experimental diabetes on prostacyclin production by tissues from pregnant rats. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) the major product of arachidonic acid metabolism in blood vessels has potent platelet anti-aggregatory and vasodilator activities. Recently it has been shown that PGI2 production is depressed in arterial tissue from diabetic patients. We have studied the effect of experimental diabetes on PGI2 production in both arterial and myometrial tissue from pregnant rats to determine whether myometrial PI2 production is affected in a similar way to vascular synthesis. We confirm that vascular production of PGI2 is diminished in pregnant diabetic rats but this reduction appears to be related to the duration of diabetes. However no difference was seen in myometrial PGI2 production between diabetic and control pregnant rats. It therefore appears that the effect of the diabetic state on PGI2 synthesis in this study shows a degree of selectivity. PMID- 7048334 TI - Role of prostaglandins E1, E2, F2 alpha, I2 and thromboxane in salmonella associated arthritis in rats. AB - Salmonella-associated arthritis of rats was used as an experimental model for in vivo evaluation of prostaglandins in chronic inflammation. Since the arthritic lesions were localized mainly in the hind paws, femorla vein plasma measurements of prostaglandins were made to estimate the amounts of PGE1, PGE2 alpha, 6-keto PGF1 alpha and TXB2 produced during the progression of the arthritic disease. PGE1 production was significantly increased in the early phase of infection but these changes were inversely related to the joint swelling in the later stages of the disease. Changes in products of arachidonic acid (20:4 omega 6) were opposite to those observed in PGE1, a product of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, (20:3 omega 6), in that measurable levels of these chemicals were lower in the early phase of infection but there was a progressive increase in each compound during the chronic phase of inflammation. Concentrations of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 increased proportionately to the severity of the arthritic lesion. PMID- 7048335 TI - Prostacyclin from the uterus and woman's cardiovascular advantage. AB - Prostacyclin emanating from the uterus is proposed as a major contributor to the reduced risk of coronary disease among women. The hypothesis is supported by (1) epidemiologic evidence that the risk of myocardial infarction increases markedly following hysterectomy whether or not the ovaries are removed, (2) evidence that premenopausal women may have higher circulating levels of prostacyclin than men of comparable ages, (3) production of prostacyclin by uterine tissue homogenates, (4) preliminary data showing high levels of prostacyclin's stable end-product metabolite in the venous drainage of the uterus, and (5) plausible mechanisms through which prostacyclin could produce a salutary effect on coronary disease. If an appreciable portion of woman's coronary advantage over man relates to differences in uterine production and circulating levels of this natural hormone or similar hormones such as 6-keto-PGE1, then the implications for therapy, prevention, and understanding of the underlying disease processes are considerable. In any case, physicians in practice should recognize the potential of the uterus as a systemically active organ whose removal significantly increases subsequent risk of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7048336 TI - Bromocriptine and glucose tolerance in acromegalics. AB - Acromegaly is very often accompanied by impaired glucose tolerance or a manifest diabetes mellitus, with increased immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels whose response during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) is quite often exaggerated. When the dopaminergic drug bromocriptine is administered to acromegalics, their elevated growth hormone (GH) levels very often decrease, their impaired glucose tolerance (as manifested in OGTT) improves and their exaggerated IRI response becomes more normal. Eighteen patients were treated with bromocriptine. They were followed-up repeatedly during their treatment of varying duration for up to 6 years. These results indicate that raised GH levels are not the only factor that impairs glucose tolerance in acromegalics. During bromocriptine administration, impaired glucose tolerance improved and abnormal IRI levels (OGTT) became more normal even without any decrease in the high GH levels. In non-diabetic acromegalics, when bromocriptine was administered, there was not only an average decrease in the elevated GH values during OGTT, but a normalization of increased IRI values as well, without any major change in the corresponding blood glucose levels. During insulin tolerance tests (ITT), after i.v. insulin, the IRI levels after 30 and 60 min were markedly higher in acromegalics on bromocriptine than in the same patients before its administration, without any significant change in the corresponding blood glucose values. In 2 diabetic acromegalics, bromocriptine administration re-established their lost ability to increase IRI levels during OGTT. This was accompanied by a marked improvement in their glucose tolerance. It is probable that bromocriptine decreases glucagon levels in acromegalics, or at least in some of them. It is suggested that bromocriptine could protect the beta cells of acromegalics from "exhaustion'. PMID- 7048337 TI - Therapy of Klebsiella pneumoniae septicaemia in neutropenic rats. AB - The efficacy of intramuscular gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycin and amikacin was evaluated in the antimicrobial therapy of septicaemia due to Klebsiella pneumoniae in an experimental model of infection in rats rendered neutropenic by cyclophosphamide. Animals were injected with a LD50 of micro-organisms and 4 hours later treated with a therapeutic i.m. dose of the antibiotics. In animals sacrificed at 0.5, 1 and 4 hours after antibiotic treatment, blood levels of aminoglycosides, bactericidal power of serum and quantitative cultures of peritoneal fluid and blood showed that the four antibiotics tested were effective in drastically reducing the number of bacteria in blood and in the peritoneum, concurrently with the bactericidal power of the serum, though with sisomicin preceding in order of activity gentamicin, amikacin and tobramycin. PMID- 7048338 TI - A controlled comparison of the antihypertensive effects of labetalol and alpha methyldopa. AB - An open crossover study was carried out in 10 Arab patients with mild to moderate hypertension to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of labetalol with alpha-methyldopa. Patients were started on either 100 mg labetalol or 250 mg alpha-methyldopa 3-times daily and, if necessary, the dosage adjusted by standard increments every 2 weeks over a period of a month until satisfactory control was achieved. This dosage was then maintained for a further 6 weeks before the patients were crossed over to the alternative treatment, similarly adjusted, after a wash-out period of 2 weeks on placebo. The results showed that both treatments produced effective blood pressure control and there was no significant difference in the maximum reduction achieved. The effect of the two drugs on heart rate was also similar. Both treatments were generally well-tolerated and side-effects were mild and similar with either drug. PMID- 7048339 TI - Treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis with dithranol and urea creams: a double blind study. AB - Stable cream formulations containing 0.1% or 0.2% dithranol in a 17% urea base have been developed. A double-blind comparative trial in 20 out-patients showed that over a 6-week treatment period the 0.2% dithranol and urea cream was significantly more effective (p less than 0.01) than the 0.1% dithranol and urea cream in clearing chronic plaque psoriasis. The 0.2% dithranol/urea cream was accompanied by a higher incidence of minor, irritant side-effects, but was still well accepted by patients for use at home. The availability of differing strengths of dithranol and urea cream enables practitioners to tailor dithranol treatment in accordance with the individual patient's clinical response. PMID- 7048340 TI - Effects of the coumarin derivative AD6 on platelet aggregation, platelet vessel wall interactions and 6 keto PGF1 alpha production in perfused aortas, in experimentally hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. PMID- 7048341 TI - Regulation of the prostacyclin synthetase activity by lipids. PMID- 7048342 TI - Modification by insulin of the effects of anoxia, substrate deprivation, metabolic inhibitors and verapamil on contractions of isolated rat uterine smooth muscle. PMID- 7048343 TI - [History of pharmaceutical science. 3. Christian Ehrenfried von Weigel--his importance in the development of pharmaceutical science? 1: His origins and development]. PMID- 7048344 TI - [Biopharmaceutical aspects of parenteral drug formulations]. PMID- 7048345 TI - Effects of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate on insulin release from perifused pancreatic islets. AB - It has been postulated that ethanol-induced changes in carbohydrate hemeostasis are mediated in part by alterations in pancreatic endocrine function. In this study ethanol (40, 120 and 240 mg/dl) produced dose-related suppression of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) release from isolated rat islets perifused with glucose and theophylline. Acetaldehyde inhibited IRI release at a concentration (39 mg/dl) much higher than can be achieved in vivo. A high concentration (29 mg/dl) of acetate did not influence IRI release. These results suggest that the ability of ethanol to inhibit IRI release resides principally in the parent compound and not its metabolites. PMID- 7048346 TI - Aeromonas toxins. PMID- 7048348 TI - Photobiologic principles of phototherapy and photochemotherapy of psoriasis. PMID- 7048347 TI - Shigella toxin(s): description and role in diarrhea and dysentery. PMID- 7048349 TI - Prostaglandins and regulation of blood pressure: clinical implications. PMID- 7048350 TI - The agonistic-antagonistic properties of clomiphene: a review. PMID- 7048351 TI - Drug metabolite kinetics. PMID- 7048353 TI - Guidelines for pharmaco-EEG studies in man. Expert group, organized of the Federal Health Office, Institute for Drugs, Berlin (West), Germany. PMID- 7048352 TI - Antiarrhythmic agents V--calcium blockers. PMID- 7048354 TI - Thomas Lewis and the development of support for clinical research. PMID- 7048355 TI - Joseph Bell, M.D., F.R.C.S.:"notes on a case of paralysis following diphtheria". PMID- 7048356 TI - Milestones in blood transfusion and blood banking. PMID- 7048357 TI - Terminal dives in mink, muskrat and beaver. AB - Monitoring of EEG, EKG and overt behavior of mink, muskrat, and beaver caught in leg hold traps in an aquatic tank, showed marked differences by species. Death by CO2 induced narcosis (submersion asphyxia) was evident in beaver, about 50 percent of muskrat but "wet" drowning occurred in mink. Bradycardia was evident in all three species but was most pronounced in the beaver. Times to cessation of struggle, brain activity and heart activity indicated that the terminal dives of mink and muskrat, but not beaver, fell within the tentative criteria of humaneness for trapping devices established by the Federal Provincial Committee for Humane Trapping of Canada. PMID- 7048358 TI - Histamine-elicited drinking is dependent upon gastric vagal afferents and peripheral angiotensin II in the rat. AB - While transection of either the anterior (including hepatic) or posterior (including coeliac) vagal trunk failed to alter drinking in response to subcutaneous histamine (0.312--20 mg/kg), selective gastric vagotomy severely attenuated drinking after systemic histamine (1.25--40 mg/kg) in male Sprague Dawley rats. The dose-response curve for rats with gastric vagotomy was shifted to the right. Vagotomy increased the threshold dose nearly tenfold and more than doubled the ED50. Because the effect of vagotomy on histamine-elicited drinking was not mimicked by cholinergic blockade of vagal efferents using atropine methyl nitrate (10 mg/kg), these results demonstrate that gastric vagal afferents are necessary for a normal drinking response to systemic histamine. When gastric vagotomy was combined with intragastric SQ14,225 (to inhibit the conversion of peripheral angiotensin I to angiotensin II) drinking after systemic histamine was abolished. These results suggest that gastric vagal afferents and angiotensin II are necessary for systemic histamine to elicit drinking in the rat. PMID- 7048360 TI - [Genealogy of the future. 1. Specialization in the nursing profession]. PMID- 7048359 TI - Food intake, body composition and blood lipids following treadmill exercise in male and female rats. AB - Body weight gain, food intake, body composition and blood lipids of male and female Osborne Mendel rats were compared on the same exercise treadmill program. To mimic their nocturnal habits, rats were exercised daily at the beginning of the 12 hour dark cycle and food intake was measured for both light and dark cycles. After a 10 day treadmill adaptation period, the duration of exercise was successively increased over a 12 day period until 60 min/day at 21.3 meters/min was reached. Relative to their respective controls, exercised male rats showed a reduction in body weight and light cycle food intake while female runners showed no change in body weight or food intake. Exercise resulted in a decrease in percent body fat in both males and females while only male runners increased percent protein. Both males and females reduced serum triglycerides while serum cholesterol was reduced only in the males. The short term exercise program produced highly significant changes in the males while the females were more resistant to the same exercise regimen. PMID- 7048361 TI - [Anniversary of the Warsaw School of Nursing]. PMID- 7048362 TI - [20th anniversary of the Helena Wolff Medical Lyceum]. PMID- 7048363 TI - [Genealogy of the future. 2. Staff indices]. PMID- 7048364 TI - The use of mucosa-lined flaps in eyelid reconstruction: a new approach. AB - In this paper, a review is given of the conditions that should be fulfilled for optimal eyelid reconstruction and of the principles on which modern techniques are based. A new approach to upper-eyelid reconstruction using a bipedicled flap from the lower eyelid that is lined with a mucosal graft but has no cartilaginous support is described. Also introduced is the use of similarly lined monopedicled flaps for the reconstruction of lower-eyelid defects. With these procedures, eyelid reconstruction has become less complicated. Flaps taken from forehead or cheek are scarcely ever necessary, and problems with reconstruction can be restricted to patients who have had radiotherapy or to the rare patients in whom defects in both eyelids have to be closed. PMID- 7048365 TI - Breast aesthetics when reconstructing with the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. AB - The main merits of the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap is breast reconstruction are the addition of a muscle as well as a skin component and the speed and efficiency of the reconstruction. Seven salient points in this technique have been discussed and emphasis has been placed on the ideal shape of the skin island. Previously, the shape has been consistently a stereotypical ellipse, but the possibilities of adapting the shape to the specific donor scar and contour of the opposite breast may offer possibilities and had been outlined with drawings and demonstrated on patients. PMID- 7048366 TI - Free latissimus dorsi muscle flap with split-thickness skin graft cover: a report of 16 cases. AB - Use of the latissimus dorsi free muscle flap was split-thickness skin graft for coverage of large defects has advantages over the musculocutaneous flap. The flap is less bulky, and contouring at the recipient site is facilitated. The donor site is less conspicuous. This method has been useful in treating large scalp and lower-extremity wounds even when there has been chronic infection. PMID- 7048367 TI - Complications of surgery for radiotherapy skin damage. AB - Complications of modern surgery for radiotherapy skin damage reviewed in 28 patients who had 42 operations. Thin split-thickness skin grafts for ulcer treatment had a 100 percent complication rate, defined as the need for further surgery. Local flaps, whether delayed or not, also had a high rate of complications. Myocutaneous flaps for ulcers had a 43 percent complication rate, with viable flaps lifting off radiated wound beds. Only myocutaneous flaps for breast reconstruction and omental flaps with skin grafts and Marlex mesh had no complications. The deeper tissue penetration of modern radiotherapy techniques may make skin grafts and flaps less useful. In reconstruction of radiation ulcers, omental flaps and myocutaneous flaps are especially useful, particularly if the radiation damage can be fully excised. The pull of gravity appears detrimental to myocutaneous flap healing and, if possible, should be avoided by flap design. PMID- 7048368 TI - An experimental study of the sleeve technique in microarterial anastomoses. AB - The patency rate of the technique of sleeve anastomosis was assessed in a series of femoral arterial repairs in the rabbit. It was found that the patency rate was significantly less than that achieved by the conventional end-to-end anastomosis. The minor advantage of speed of execution of the repair and the suppressed advantage of less luminal surface disruption and intraluminal suture exposure did not outweigh the overall lower patency rate as ascertained by direct exploration at varying times. These findings suggest that this type of sleeve anastomosis may not be of benefit in clinical situations. PMID- 7048369 TI - Tissue glucose and lactate following vascular occlusion in island skin flaps. AB - Neurovascular island skin flaps were elevated in the right groin area of Sprague Dawley female rats weighing from 200 to 250 gm. Survival rates of the flaps were determined following venous and/or arterial occlusions of the femoral vessels. All the flaps exhibited an 80 percent decrease in tissue glucose content and an increase in tissue lactate content 4 to 7 times normal during venous and/or arterial occlusion. In the groups occluded for 8 hours, venous occlusion resulted in loss of all the flaps; arterial occlusion yielded survival of 70 percent of the flaps; and occlusion of both vessels yielded survival of 30 percent of the flaps. The results indicate that venous occlusion is more detrimental to flap survival than arterial occlusion. Surviving flaps exhibited a glucose content of 3.5 times normal, and dying flaps exhibited a glucose content of 20 percent of normal and a lactate content of 5.1 times normal. The ratio of tissue lactate to glucose may serve as an index for tissue viability: normal flaps, 0.3, surviving flaps, 1.2, and dying flaps, 7.5. PMID- 7048370 TI - Latissimus dermal-epidermal nipple reconstruction. AB - Nipple reconstruction by dermal-epidermal advancement flaps from the latissimus dorsi skin island was performed in 10 consecutive patients. There was no tissue loss and the nipples are still prominent 16 months after operation. The technique avoids further donor-site distortion and benefits from the use of available tissues with uninterrupted circulation. PMID- 7048371 TI - A Chinese concept of treatment of extensive third-degree burns. PMID- 7048372 TI - Experimental human skin allografts, the hla complex, and a Nobel prize. PMID- 7048373 TI - Is there plastic surgery in the Edwin Smith Papyrus? PMID- 7048374 TI - History of plastic surgery in China. PMID- 7048375 TI - William C. Grabb, M.D., 1928-1982. PMID- 7048376 TI - [60 years activity and research at Golnik]. PMID- 7048377 TI - [Changes in regional intracranial blood volume intracranial pressure in infants during continuous simultaneous recording--a clinical study]. AB - In five infants with severe neurologic-neurosurgical affections, correlations between the intracranial blood volume (rICBV) and the intracranial pressure (ICP) could be proved. For the ICP range from 0 to 250 mm H2O, an increase in the pulse amplitude of the rICBV was found with increasing ICP. On the other hand, there were distinct rICBV decreases with increasing ICP in the ICP range from 300 to 450 mm H2O. Subsequent, often only slight ICP decreases in this range resulted in a reactive hyperaemisation. More pronounced hyperaemisations could be associated with moderate ICP increases of the same duration. The results are discussed on the basis of a model. PMID- 7048378 TI - [Noninvasive diagnosis of occlusive processes of the brachiocephalic arteries: Doppler sonography compared to ophthalmodynamometry and ophthalmodynamography]. AB - 97 patients with suspected cerebrovascular disease were examined using ophthalmodynamometry/ophthalmodynamography and dopplersonography. In 49 of the patients we found haemodynamic changes typical of brachio-cephalic artery occlusion processes. In 36 patients angiography was performed either as a preparation for vascular surgery or for further clarification. Ophthalmodynamometry/ophthalmodynamography examination yielded diagnosis in 87%, dopplersonography and combined use of ophthalmodynamometry/ophthalmodynamography and dopplersonography in 94% of the brachio-cephalic artery occlusion processes. PMID- 7048379 TI - Frieda Fromm-Reichmann: a seminar in the history of psychiatry. IV. Frieda Fromm Reichmann: recollections of a student. PMID- 7048380 TI - Frieda Fromm-Reichmann: a seminar in the history of psychiatry. V. Memoirs- professional and personal: a decade with Frieda Fromm-Reichmann. PMID- 7048381 TI - Frieda Fromm-Reichmann: a seminar in the history of psychiatry. VI. Freida Fromm Reichmann, the early years. AB - As other panelists have indicated, Frieda Reichmann was born on October 23, 1889, in the German town of Karlsruhe, which lies just north of the Black Forest and only a few miles east of the Rhine. Her parents' circumstances were modest but, as they would have said, "gut burgerlich," solidly rooted in middle-class respectability. On her fathers' side, the family traced its origins back to the 16th century, when all Jews were expelled from a small town in central Germany called Feuchtwanger. Some of the refugees settled in Furth, where they found a lively and prosperous Jewish community. Frieda's great-grandfather, Seligman Feuchtwanger, was born there in 1986. He became a silver merchant whose wife, Fanny Wassermann, was to bear him eighteen children. PMID- 7048382 TI - Frieda Fromm-Reichmann: a seminar in the history of psychiatry. VII. Frieda Fromm Reichmann, MD: her impact on American psychiatry. AB - When Frieda Fromm-Reichmann left Germany in 1933, she characteristically went at first only across the border to Alsace in order to finish her therapy with her patients. She and Erich Fromm had established a private psychiatric sanitarium in Heidelberg in the late 1920s, and although they closed it after four years, she continued to practice as a psychoanalyst in Heidelberg for several years. She brought with her out ot Germany an especially varied and useful psychiatric experience--including her work during World War I with brain-injured soldiers, under Kurt Goldstein; the study of "relaxation training" as a treatment under Schulz; and work in 1923 in Kraepelin's Munich clinic, where she also continued to expand her reading of Freud, whom she had discovered only recently. After her psychoanalytic training in Munich and Berlin, she moved to Heidelberg, where she treated some schizophrenic patients. These various experiences later contributed to her fully developed belief before she emigrated that the personal relations of schizophrenic patients were the touchstone to therapy. PMID- 7048383 TI - Frieda Fromm-Reichmann discusses the "Rose garden" case. AB - In December 1956, Frieda Fromm-Reichmann was invited to give a lecture at the Ypsilanti Psychiatric Institute. It may have been the last lecture she gave, and it certainly was the last lecture that was recorded. Several years later, when I was invited to the same place, we talked about Fromm-Reichmann, and they gave me a copy of the tape. The transcription of the tape appears below. In a few places it has been necessary to indicate that sections of the tape are inaudible. Material in brackets is an approximation of that on the tape. This lecture is based on Fromm-Reichmann's notes for a book she had hoped to write on the treatment history of an adolescent patient--the patient who later wrote I Never promised you a Rose Garden under the name of Hannah Green. In 1955-56, when Fromm Reichmann was at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences in Palo Alto, California, she planned to write the book, including material prepared by the patient herself, but she was sidetracked by many other activities and did not finish it. I know that she worked on the book while in Palo Alto, but I do not know what happened to the manuscript. The patient, however, had done her part, and when Fromm-Reichmann speaks of the patients' "treatment history" she is referring to the patient's manuscript, which I read at that time. The patient's version of the "treatment history" provided some of the material for her later novel. This "history" is different from occasional written notes, which are also mentioned in the text of the lecture. PMID- 7048384 TI - Frieda Fromm-Reichmann: a seminar in the history of psychiatry. I. Introduction. AB - From my very beginning in psychiatry, Frieda Fromm-Reichmann was one of my ideals. Her writing on psychotherapy, free of jargon and convolutions, made it possible to attempt treatment of even the very severely ill. She held forth the possibility of intervening in the life course of the schizophrenic, of understanding this person in distress and turning him in a new direction. She made her therapy a mutual adventure of therapist and patient as they explored a new realm and a new world. PMID- 7048385 TI - Frieda Fromm-Reichmann: a seminar in the history of psychiatry. II. Notes on the life and work of Frieda Fromm-Reichmann. AB - It is now 25 years since Frieda Fromm-Reichmann died--over 30 years since she published her only book. Principles of Intensive Psychotherapy. Most of those who now attend the presentations of the annual research award of the Academy or the annual lectures of the Washington School of Psychiatry, both of which are named in her honor, never saw her. It seems appropriate to ask whether she still speaks to us today, whether in any significant way she influenced the development of what is now common practice in our field. PMID- 7048386 TI - Frieda Fromm-Reichmann: a seminar in the history of psychiatry. III. Personal reminiscences of Frieda Fromm-Reichmann. AB - I should like to make a personal remark before offering this very brief sketch of Frieda Fromm-Reichmann's life and activities. When I started to put my notes together I experienced an extraordinary bewilderment: she had died on April 28, 1957. I had a reaction of disbelief--it can't possibly be a quarter of a century, because her influence has remained so active and alive, not only in the people who had actually known her but also in many younger colleagues, who have a sense of personal relationship to her. PMID- 7048387 TI - Sydenham's disease entities. AB - Sydenham's reputation rests on his self-deceptive assertion that the allowed clinical observation to speak for itself. In fact, however, his mind was steeped in philosophical world-views that went back via the Scholastics and Galen to Plato and Aristotle. A brief survey of these views is presented to clarify Sydenham's message. The basic formula of logical set theory is then used to put in perspective Sydenham's disease postulates and later views on the nature of disease. The point is made that, in the case of cryptogenic diseases, we sometimes tend to revert unwittingly to ideas akin to those of Sydenham. PMID- 7048388 TI - A systems analysis of psychobiology and behavior therapy. Implications for behavioral medicine. AB - This article examines some basic principles of systems theory and applies them to the integration of psychobiology and behavior therapy in the evolution of behavioral medicine. Using the concepts of whole/part relationships, level and emergent property, and self-regulation and disregulation, it is proposed that all behavioral therapies involve psychobiological processes, and therefore, indirectly impinge on physical health. It is argued that the distinction between behavior and biology is one of level, and, therefore, behavioral therapies are ultimately biobehavioral therapies having biobehavioral consequences. It is proposed that contrary to traditional reductionistic logic, modern advances in biology are providing strong justification for the importance of including psychological methods in treating diseases manifested at the biological level. Various clinical examples are used to demonstrate how systems theory can be applied to differential diagnosis and treatment, computing cost/benefit ratios of different treatments, and conducting comprehensive clinical research and evaluation. Assessing the interaction of biological, psychological, and social treatment modalities becomes the hallmark of responsible patient care. Implications of the systems conception of behavioral medicine for collaboration among health care providers, the training of future clinicians in different disciplines, and policy decisions regarding the larger social consequences of health care are considered. PMID- 7048389 TI - Biofeedback and hypertension. AB - A review of the history and recent directions in the treatment of essential hypertension by direct biofeedback is presented. Current instrumentation and techniques as well as the status of biofeedback in the treatment of hypertension and the follow-up of previous studies is presented. Given the current uncertain status of biofeedback and behavioral treatment of hypertension, the authors present speculation of putative subgroups of essential hypertensives with respective biochemical markers and possible selective behavioral treatments for these respective subgroups of central nervous system hypertensives. PMID- 7048390 TI - District planning teams in England. PMID- 7048391 TI - [Immediate complete dentures: limits and possibilities]. PMID- 7048392 TI - Haemocyanins. PMID- 7048394 TI - Zero interferences. PMID- 7048393 TI - Determination of motile behaviour of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells by quasi elastic light scattering. PMID- 7048395 TI - Pins in crown and bridge for retention and venting (I). PMID- 7048396 TI - Composite teeth--clinical observations. PMID- 7048397 TI - Root resorption--a dental enigma. PMID- 7048398 TI - Symmetroplate laminated system (I). PMID- 7048399 TI - Pins in crown and bridge for retention and venting (II). PMID- 7048400 TI - An immediate chairside splinting technique. PMID- 7048401 TI - Estimation of the contribution of ionization and excitation to the lethal effect of ionizing radiation. AB - A simple theoretical model is proposed for estimating the differential contribution of ionization and excitation to the lethal effect of ionizing radiation. Numerical results were obtained on the basis of published experimental data on the ability of bacterial cells Escherichia coli to undergo photoreactivation of radiation-induced damage. It was shown that inactivation by excitation may be highly significant for UV-hypersensitive cells capable of photoreactivation; inactivation by excitation increased with the energy of ionizing radiation and the volume of irradiated suspensions. The data are in qualitative agreement with the assumption of a possible contribution of the UV component of Cerenkov radiation to the formation of excitations responsible for the lethal effect and the phenomenon of photoreactivation after ionizing radiation. Some predictions from the model are discussed. PMID- 7048402 TI - An assessment of the role of microdosimetry in radiobiology. PMID- 7048403 TI - Histological effect of low dose-rate gamma-irradiation. Observation in mice after 1,000 rad total-body irradiation. PMID- 7048404 TI - Protection of postnatal leucocyte in Swiss albino mice by MPG against intrauterine cobalt-60 radiation. PMID- 7048405 TI - Effect of methylandrostenediol and a lymphostimulatory thymic factor of the reactivity of adrenal cortex of x-irradiated A2g mice. PMID- 7048406 TI - Ultrasound evaluation of the normal and abnormal fetal neural axis. PMID- 7048407 TI - Estimating gestational age in utero. PMID- 7048408 TI - Ultrasound evaluation of pelvic infections. AB - Sonography is used infrequently for diagnosing acute pelvic inflammatory disease because the physical examination is highly sensitive, because the sonogram lacks specificity, and because the patient is often scheduled for surgery or laparoscopy or treated medically based on clinical findings, obviating the need for diagnostic studies. Sonography is usually reserved for identifying, localizing, and following pelvic abscesses complicating pelvic inflammatory disease. The sonogram is valuable in identifying the location of intrauterine devices because of the increased incidence of inflammatory pelvic disease in these patients. Postoperative and posttraumatic abscesses and abscesses of gastrointestinal origin may require the concomitant use of computed tomography and radionuclide studies, with ultrasonography performing a complementary function. The ultrasound examination may be valuable both in improving diagnostic confidence and providing guidance for aspiration. Because of the limited spectrum of appearances of numerous pelvic diseases, the most accurate diagnoses are obtained when the sonogram is interpreted in light of the detailed clinical information. PMID- 7048409 TI - Sonographic evaluation of pelvic masses: method of examination and role of sonography relative to other imaging modalities. PMID- 7048410 TI - [Prof. Dr. sc. med. Guenter Liess on his 60th birthday]. PMID- 7048411 TI - [The Delphi method for the collective finding of diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048412 TI - Radiography of the polyarthritic hands and wrists. PMID- 7048413 TI - The use of microcomputers in radiologic technology training programs. PMID- 7048414 TI - Quantitation of left ventricular dimensions and function by digital video subtraction angiography. AB - Digital video subtraction angiography (DVSA) after central intravenous administration of contrast media was used in experimental animals and in patients with suspected coronary artery disease to quantitate left ventricular dimensions and regional and global contractile function. In animals, measurements of left ventricular (LV) volumes, wall thickness, ejection fraction, segmental contraction, and cardiac output correlated closely with sonocardiometry or thermodilution measurements. In patients, volumes and ejection fractions calculated from mask mode digital images correlated closely with direct left ventriculography. Global and segmental contractile function was displayed in patients by ejection shell images, stroke volume images, and time interval difference images. Central cardiovascular function was also quantitated by measurement of pulmonary transit time and calculation of pulmonary blood volume from digital fluoroscopic images. DVSA was shown to be useful and accurate in the quantitation of central cardiovascular physiology. PMID- 7048415 TI - Left ventricle evaluation by digital video subtraction angiocardiography. AB - The usefulness of digital video subtraction angiocardiography (DVSA) using the time-interval difference (TID) mode for measuring ejection fraction and wall motion of the left ventricle was assessed in 20 patients after intravenous injection of contrast material. These 20 cases represented the TID examinations with the best image quality, and were selected from a total of 70 TID examinations. Images were obtained using a prototype digital vascular imaging unit. Conventional left ventriculography was also performed. A good correlation was found between the two methods in determining the ejection fraction (0.81) and the motion of the anterior wall and apex (0.89). The correlation was not as good for determining the movement of the inferior ventricular wall (0.62). This was due to the difficulty of separating the inferior ventricular wall from the left hemidiaphragm. PMID- 7048416 TI - Xenon as a contrast agent for imaging of the airways and lungs using digital radiography. AB - Nonradioactive xenon was used as an inhalation contrast agent with digital radiography for imaging the airways and lungs in five healthy volunteers. Images of the ventilation of the entire lung were obtained rapidly and at a low radiation dose; while bowel gas and heart wall motion artifacts were present, distribution of ventilation was well demonstrated and reproducibility of positioning was good. This technique appears to be useful for direct and quantitative detection of ventilation distribution and defects. PMID- 7048417 TI - Intracranial applications of digital intravenous subtraction angiography. AB - The intracranial vessels of 175 patients were examined with digital intravenous subtraction angiography. The equipment and the technique of the examination are briefly described. Of these patients, 129 underwent intravenous cerebral angiography in conjunction with examination of the extracranial carotid arteries for suspected arteriosclerotic disease. Postoperative and occasionally preoperative studies of intracranial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations were performed in 16 patients, patency and flow patterns of extracranial-to intracranial bypass grafts were evaluated in 11 instances, and selected vascular cranial and intracranial neoplasms were studied in 16 cases. Venous sinus occlusion has also been diagnosed by this technique. In many instances, digital intravenous subtraction angiography can replace conventional cerebral angiography. PMID- 7048418 TI - Evaluation of a digital subtraction angiography unit. AB - The operating characteristics of a digital subtraction angiography unit were evaluated. Measurements included image intensifier and system linearity, uniformity, quantum and system noise, and iodine contrast. Various approaches to noise measurement were analyzed and tested, leading to the following conclusions: the video level should be maximized; changes in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to changes in x-ray exposure do not necessarily reflect changes in quantum SNR alone, due to dependence of video levels on x-ray exposure; an understanding of the separate contributions of quantum and video SNRs to the total SNR guides proper selection of variables to minimize patient dose and x-ray tube heat loading. PMID- 7048419 TI - The role of protein fluctuations in enzyme action: a review. PMID- 7048420 TI - Time-scale and nature of radiation-biological damage: approaches to radiation protection and post-irradiation therapy. PMID- 7048421 TI - The regulatory function of poly(A) and adjacent 3' sequences in translated RNA. PMID- 7048422 TI - Thromboxane and pulmonary hypertension following E. coli endotoxin infusion in sheep: effect of an imidazole derivative. AB - We assessed the effect of a specific thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (an imidazole derivative) on pulmonary hemodynamics and the concentrations of TxB2 (TxA2), 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (PGI2), and PGF2 in pulmonary lymph and transpulmonary blood samples following intravenous administration of E. coli endotoxin (1 microgram/kg) in sheep. In control animals the rise in pulmonary artery pressure correlated with increases in plasma and lymph TxB2 concentrations and large transpulmonary concentration gradients of this metabolite were measured. In imidazole treated animals both pulmonary hypertension as well as increases in plasma and lymph TxB2 concentrations were substantially reduced. In contrast, peak concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (PGI2) and PGF2 alpha were severalfold higher than those measured in control animals. This suggests a shunting of endoperoxide metabolism towards prostacyclin and primary prostaglandins and documents the specificity of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. Our study provides evidence that endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension is mediated by pulmonary synthesis of TxA2. PMID- 7048423 TI - Differential effects of prazosin and rauwolsin on the release of prostaglandins I2 and E2 from the perfused mesenteric arterial bed of the rabbit following nerve stimulation. AB - Sympathetic nerve stimulation of the perfused mesenteric arterial bed of the rabbit, in vitro, increases the secretion of prostaglandin (PG)I2 and PGE2. Prazosin (4.8 X 10(-6) M), an alpha 1 adrenergic receptor antagonist, inhibited this increase in release of PGI2 but not of PGE2 whereas rauwolsin (10(-7) M), and alpha 2 adrenergic receptor antagonist, inhibited the increase in release of PGE2 but not PGI2. Prazosin (10(-6) M) completely blocked the vasoconstrictor response to nerve stimulation, and to norepinephrine and phenylephrine administration, suggesting there to be little of an alpha 2 adrenergic receptor component in this response. It is concluded that the increase in PGI2 release allows the activation of alpha1 adrenergic receptors and is therefore post junctional in origin, whereas the increase in PGE2 release following the activation of alpha 2 adrenergic receptors and may be pre- and/or post-junctional in origin. PMID- 7048424 TI - Luteinizing hormone stimulates the production of prostacyclin by isolated ovarian cell in vitro. AB - Granulosa cells isolated from mature Graafian follicles of swine produced significant quantities of immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha under chemically defined conditions in vitro. Luteinizing hormone elicited a dose-dependent stimulation of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha accumulation, but follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, L-epinephrine, estradiol-17B, or PGE2 were devoid of effect. The time dependent in vitro production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by ovarian cells was susceptible to inhibition by indomethacin, U-51506, cycloheximide, and actinomycin D. These observations implicate granulosa cells in the specific and hormonally regulated production of prostacyclin. PMID- 7048426 TI - [Sanitary working conditions of Poles employed in the Lodz industry during the Nazi occupation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048427 TI - [Professor Karol Klecki 1866-1931 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048425 TI - Prostaglandin biosynthesis by the rat uterus during the oestrus cycle, temporal correlation with plasma oestradiol and progesterone concentrations, identification of 6 keto PGF1 alpha as the major metabolite. AB - Prostaglandin biosynthesis was studied in the rat uterus during the oestrous cycle. Uterine homogenates were incubated for 20 minutes inthe presence of exogenous substrate (2.10(-5)M). PGF2 alpha and PGE2 were measured by R.I.A.. A sharp peak of PGF2 alpha and a smaller peak of PGE2 were observed at prooestrus, 20 h. Another small PGE2 peak occurred at dioestrus II, 15 h. The lowest values of both PGs were found on dioestrus, 15 h. Plasma oestradiol concentrations were highest at proestrus, 15 h and 20 h. A sharp progesterone peak occurred at prooestrus, 20 h. The PGF2 alpha peak is next to the oestradiol peak and is superimposable or lags slightly beyond the progesterone peak. Incubation with 14C arachidonic acid and subsequent analysis of extracts by TLC and scanning showed that the major metabolite is PGI2, identified as 6 keto PGF1 alpha. The conversion rate of arachidonic acid into 6 keto PGF1 alpha is 5 times higher than into PGF2 alpha. 6 Keto PGF1 alpha was further identified by GC/MS. No significant difference was observed between 6 keto PGF1 alpha production during oestrus and dioestrus. PMID- 7048428 TI - [Kazimierz Kostanecki and his pupils in their time (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048429 TI - Simplification of tooth arrangement in complete dentures. PMID- 7048430 TI - Posterior full coverage porcelain with ideal function and occlusion (I). PMID- 7048431 TI - Repairing broken dies from the Pindex System. PMID- 7048432 TI - An improved method for fabrication of the ceramo-metal crown with a porcelain margin. PMID- 7048433 TI - Think twice before you adjust attachment retention. PMID- 7048434 TI - Dual pin technique for color-coded dowel pin and sleeve system. PMID- 7048435 TI - [Neutron detection/monitoring methods and their problems (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048436 TI - [The echotomographic study of renal transplants]. AB - The authors emphasize the role of renal sonography in detecting post renal transplant complications, such as fluid collections and hydronephrosis. Ultrasonic study proved also to be useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of renal allograft rejection. A total of 32 renal allograft patients were studied. Focal areas of decreased parenchymal echogenicity were the most striking sonographic finding in renal rejection. Cortico medullary demarcation was difficult to interpret and was inconsistently related to rejection. PMID- 7048437 TI - [Renal angiomyolipoma: is there a typical echographic aspect?]. PMID- 7048438 TI - [Endosteal hyperostosis with dominant transmission. Description of 8 cases in 3 generations of the same nuclear family]. AB - The authors report on 8 patients with the dominant type of endosteal hyperostosis (Worth's disease), found in the same kindred over 3 generations. Three were males, five females, from 5 to 49 years of age. Major radiographic features were an increased density of bones of the skull and spine, with thickening of the diaphyseal cortex of tubular bones, without any change in remodeling. Seven patients were almost asymptomatic. A decompressive craniotomy had been performed in one, who showed a compression of the 2nd, 5th and 8th cranial nerves. Blood alkaline phosphatase was normal. The bone density increases with age, but in spite of this the clinical course if milder than in recessive type of generalized cortical hyperostosis (Van Buchem's disease, as reported in the 35 cases of endosteal hyperostosis (dominant type) previously described. PMID- 7048439 TI - Influence of removable partial dentures on tooth mobility. PMID- 7048440 TI - [Indications and applications in preprosthetic occlusional adjustments]. PMID- 7048441 TI - [History and importance of electrically excitable artificial membranes]. AB - Solubility of narcotics in lipids has promoted the quest for non-aqueous and lipidic models of cell membranes. Artificial phosphatidic bilayers have been proposed. They display ionic conductance and excitability only if they are in contact with cyclic ion-carrier or specific substances, such as the protein fraction EIM. However many lipidic substances form non-bilayer membranes ion conducting and excitable, without any specific additive. Only a small amount of free fatty acid is necessary. This is the condition for penetration through cation exchange. Coloured cations and cationic drugs undergo large exchange. Cu++, Hg++, emetine ++ cations have very high exchange coefficients which can be experimentally measured and which explain their respective antifungal, antibacterial and antiamoebian actions. The possible processes of membrane excitation are discussed. First the classical pores, specific of K+ and Na+ transfers and their "gating" mechanisms, because cell membranes are bi-ionic systems. Artificial membranes, are mono-ionic systems. But recent work shows that the axon membrane can be transformed into a monoionic system with Co++ as the only cations inside and outside the axon. Suggestions for the excitation processes are proposed. a) The assumption of a single energy barrier corresponding to minor conformational changes of structure. b) The membrane may be thixotropic. An outside cation penetrating the membrane would leave behind itself a wake of fluidity into which the next cations could penetrate if they follow each other closely. If they progress widely apart (under a small field), the ionic current would soon stop as the structure solidifies. c) The most promising suggestion is that anionic fixed charges in the membranes and cations form electrostatically bound ion-pairs. Dissociation of such pairs, that is conductance, augments markedly when dielectric constant increases. This process could be produced by water carried by incoming cations, that is by electro osmosis. This is exactly what occurs in Teorell's membrane oscillator in which a model membrane of fritted glass displays, under a weak current, oscillations of water flux and of potentials. The calculations pertaining to this model can be generalised if the electroosmotic water flux is assumed in increase the dielectric constant of the lipidic membrane. Thus the notion of an electroosmotic increase upon the dielectric constant of the membrane offers an alternative to the pore theory. Besides other phenomena show the role of low dielectric constants. The conductance of lipids containing coloured cations increase when subjected to illumination. The radiant energy absorbed then surpasses the association energy of ion pairs. PMID- 7048442 TI - [Intraperitoneal insulin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 7048443 TI - [Is an alteration of noradrenergic afferents involved in focal epilepsies? (author's transl)]. AB - Previous studies have indicated that noradrenergic system could be involved in various models of chemically, electrically or genetically induced epilepsy. The relationship between the development of a chronic cobalt focus in the rat and the alterations of the cortical noradrenergic system has been studied by means of biochemical analysis of the NA cortical content combined with the glyoxylic acid induced fluorescence method and the micro-iontophoretic technique. It can be suggested that the noradrenergic system may influence the initiation, spread and disappearance of the epileptic syndrome: (1) The beginning of epileptic discharges coincides with a drop in the NA cortical content, with decrease in number of the NA-containing terminals and with a hypersensitivity of the cortical neurons to iontophoretically applied NA. (2) The termination of the epileptic syndrome coincides with an increase in density of the cortical noradrenergic innervation (sprouting) and consequently with an increase in NA cortical concentrations and a return to normal values of the NA threshold of the cortical neurons. PMID- 7048444 TI - [Variations in temporal relationships between electroencephalogram and muscular jerks. Polygraphic study of a case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048445 TI - [Cerebral concentrations of anticonvulsants in patients with epilepsy of tumoral origin (author's transl)]. AB - (1) The concentrations of various anticonvulsants (PB, PHT, CBZ, VPA) were measured in brain specimens from 7 patients who had undergone neurosurgery for a therapy resistant epilepsy of tumoral origin (astrocytoma) in 6 cases, glioblastoma in 1 case). (2) Great interindividual variability of the mean brain/plasma concentration ratios was observed for PB in 5 patients (range: 0.4 1.0). A mean brain/plasma ratio of 1.0 was recorded for PHT and CBZ (one patient each). (3) In the different tissue specimens (7-14) from the same patient AED concentrations varied greatly, even in neighboring areas. (4) Intraindividual variations were more marked in the present group of patients than in previously studied non-tumoral epileptics. (5) No correlation was found between the localization of the lesions and the variations in AED concentrations. (6) Brain AED concentration appeared to be higher in the few samples of non-tumoral tissue and lower in the 'epileptogenic' areas as defined by stereo-EEG seconding. (7) On the basis of these data, the hypothesis can be formulated that the therapy resistance of these patients may be at least partly explained by the presence of low AED concentration (even in presence of 'therapeutic' AED plasma levels) in the epileptogenic areas. PMID- 7048446 TI - [Physiological ocular incongruity in man (author's transl)]. AB - Ocular incongruity is not always symptomatic of pathology: it is sometimes simply found among the many physiological characteristics of man. The various situations which can bring about a physiological ocular incongruity are found successively during instrumental vestibular trials: incongruities in amplitude are recorded during the rapid phase of the provided nystagmus and incongruities in speed during the slow phase. These incongruities appear during the caloric responses for the homolateral eye to the irrigation and in the rotary, sinusoidal pendular test for the eye homolateral to the direction of the rapid phase of the provoked nystagmus. During a voluntary blink an ocular incongruity of direction appears as an intorsion of the two eyes. Incongruous ocular movements increase during sleep. They appear equally often during onset of sleep and during the stages comprising slow waves or paradoxical sleep. In children engaged in reading or submitted to an optokinetic test, congruity is not present at first but only occurs once the child has acquired the oculocephalic dissociation. PMID- 7048447 TI - [The periodic hypersomnia and megaphagia syndrome in a young female, correlated with menstrual cycle (author's transl)]. AB - A 21-year-old female was first seen in 1974 for periodic hypersomnia. It had started at 13 years of age and was characterized by 4-6 days of drowsiness with megaphagia and some light psychic disorders. The attacks usually occurred at approximately 5-6 days after menstruation. Later, after an interval of oral contraception, they appeared during ovulation and increased in duration. During the periods of contraception, these attacks disappeared completely. At present (1980), the episodes are characterized by periodic hypersomnia, seen in a nocturnal polygraphic study; megaphagia has decreased, but the patient appears uncommunicative, sub-active and inexpressive when awaking in the course of the periods of somnolence. Several EEG recordings were made between 1974 and 1980, which showed few or no abnormalities during the attacks and which were normal with in the inter-ictal periods. Hormonal investigations failed to show any striking abnormality or correlation with continuous polygraphic studies. Similarity of this syndrome with the 'periodic hypersomnia and megaphagia in adolescent males' syndrome (Kleine-Levin) is discussed. PMID- 7048448 TI - [Short latency somatic evoked potentials during traumatic lesions of brachial plexus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048449 TI - [Influence of glycemic control on peripheral nerve conduction in insulin dependent diabetic subjects (author's transl)]. AB - In order to better evaluate the influence of glycemic control on diabetic neuropathy, 73 diabetic patients were considered: 42 males and 31 females who had been treated with insulin during 9 years. Twenty-one subjects were examined during 2-12 months. Motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) was measured on the external sciatic popliteus (ESP). The H reflex parameters from soleus were: latency time for H response (HL), the ratio between the maximum amplitude of the H reflex response and the M motor response: (formula: see text) was determined by a chromatographic method. The reduction of MCV, the rise in HL and the decrease of E in diabetics are more pronounced according to the duration of the disease and are significantly correlated with the rate of HbA1c (respectively MCV: r = 0.39, P less than 0.001; HL: r = 0.42, P less than 0.001; E: r = -0.37, P less than 0.01). There is a slight correlation between HbA1c level and the duration of diabetes. For the 21 diabetics observed during many months there is a very significant correlation between the slope of the evolution curves of HbA2c, MCV and HL. PMID- 7048450 TI - [Observation of a case of permanent contraction similar to the stiff-man syndrome with associated neurological symptoms. Probable encephalomyelitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048451 TI - [Multivariate correspondence analysis of a visually screened EEG. Application to a study of psychotropic drugs compared with placebos (author's transl)]. AB - Eighty-seven EEG recordings were obtained from 9 healthy volunteers, medical students who were part of a controlled, double-blind, randomized study. After a first control recording, they received orally, at 1 week interval, either 3 placebos or 3 compounds: yohimbine chlorhydrate (4 mg), propranolol (40 mg), a psychotropic compound in experimentation. The polygraphic recordings were obtained 2 or 6 h after placebos or active compounds. Four EEG channels were recorded simultaneously (T4-C4, T3-C3, P4-O2, P3-O1). The EEGs were sampled at 200 Hz, for 120 successive epochs, free of artifacts. The recordings of 5 min were then submitted to spectral analysis followed by data reduction providing characteristic spectral parameters. A descriptive questionnaire of EEG made of 100 items was filled out by two electroencephalographists for each of 87 recordings. The items, with dichotomic choices, described 4 EEG frequency bands: delta, theta, alpha, and fast frequencies (beta). For each frequency band the following was evaluated: frequency, amplitude, asymmetry, morphology, relative abundance, irregularity, lability of frequency, diffusion, dominant localization, EMG activity and superposition of rhythms. The number of periods of drowsiness in 5 min and fluctuations of rhythms were also ascertained in the same way. The items were coded on punch cards and submitted to a first analysis of correspondences. The 3 factorial planes were plotted with the projections of each item together with the centers of gravity of placebos and treatments. The first factor can be interpreted as a bipolar axis 'mental activation-diffused vigilance', the first pole being characterized by a 'beta cluster' and the second by alpha and theta superimposed clusters. The second factor can be also considered as a bipolar axis 'drowsiness -quiet wakefulness', the first pole being characterized by a 'theta cluster' and a larger 'delta cluster' containing a smaller 'alpha cluster' of labile alpha rhythm intermingled with slower rhythms. In respect to the barycentric centers of gravity, yohimbine and propranolol are opposed to the placebo center along the factor-two axis. This may be considered as an 'anti-sedation effect'. However, along the first factor axis, the propranolol center can be associated with a greater diffusion of vigilance than the yohimbine center. PMID- 7048452 TI - [New approaches to detection and estimation of the shape of evoked potentials (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048453 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis]. PMID- 7048454 TI - [List of members of the Spanish Society for Digestive Pathology]. PMID- 7048455 TI - [Propranolol effect on renin-angiotensin system kinetics during experimental hyperthyroidism (author's transl)]. AB - The basal levels of angiotensin I (A. I), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma renin substrate (PRS) and plasma renin concentration (PRC) were estimated in hyperthyroid rats before and after propranolol treatment. Serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), angiotensin I both basal and generated by incubation of plasma samples were measured by radioimmunoassay, while, PRC and PRS were evaluated by triiodothyronine or thyroxine treatment induced a decrease in PRS and an increase in PRC whereas triiodothyronine alone produced an increase in the basal levels of angiotensin I and PRA. The propranolol in euthyroid animals not only decreased the basal levels of angiotensin I and PRA, but also prevented the PRC increase in hyperthyroid rats, while restoring at the same time the basal levels of angiotensin I and PRA. PMID- 7048456 TI - [Metabolic actions of growth hormone (GH). Analogies and differences between GH and insulin]. PMID- 7048457 TI - [Metabolic encephalopathy associated with blood hyperviscosity]. PMID- 7048458 TI - [Pancreatitis caused by drugs. Etiopathogenesis and rehabilitative problems]. PMID- 7048459 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation in humans. I. Transplantation in acute and chronic leukemia]. PMID- 7048460 TI - [Prostaglandins and carbohydrate metabolism]. PMID- 7048461 TI - [Role of the adrenergic system in the pathogenesis of essential arterial hypertension. Dynamic evaluation of plasma catecholamines]. PMID- 7048463 TI - [Alcohol and pancreatitis]. PMID- 7048462 TI - [Occult temporal arteritis. Case reports and review of the literature]. PMID- 7048464 TI - [The congenital syndrome caused by rubella]. PMID- 7048465 TI - [Monitoring and treatment of diabetic fetopathy]. PMID- 7048466 TI - Effect of furosemide on sodium and potassium flow at the end of the juxtamedullary descending limb in Psammomys obesus. AB - To examine the effect of reducing medullary interstitial solute concentration on sodium and potassium flow at the end of the juxtamedullary descending limb in Psammomys obesus, micropuncture was performed on the exposed left renal papilla. After a control period, furosemide was administered to reduce medullary interstitial solute concentration without altering the delivery of sodium, potassium and water from the proximal tubule. The fraction of filtered sodium remaining at the end-descending limb before (52 +/- 4.9%) and after furosemide (55 +/- 4.2%) was not significantly different, despite a fall in tubule-to-plasma osmolality from 4.32 to 2.00 (p less than 0.001). In contrast, the fraction of filtered potassium delivered to the end-descending limb fell from 92 +/- 9.0% to 61 +/- 8.0% (p less than 0.001). As expected, the fraction of filtered sodium and potassium remaining at the end of the accessible proximal tubule of the superficial nephron was not changed after the administration of furosemide. While these findings do not provide additional support for the thesis of transepithelial sodium addition to the juxtamedullary descending limb, they strongly suggest that transepithelial entry (secretion) of potassium normally occurs upstream to the juxtamedullary hairpin turn of Psammomys obesus. PMID- 7048467 TI - [A modified dye dilution method to estimate leakage during regional isolated perfusion of the extremity (author's transl)]. AB - In experiments on dogs (n=13) we tested a procedure for estimating leakage during regional perfusion of the extremity by means of a dye dilution method. After systematic application of 0.5% Evans blue solution (0.1 ml/kg b.w.) we measured the dye concentration in plasma by means of a spectral photometer. The plasma volume (5.5 ml/100 gb.w.) and the disappearance rate of the dye (10%/h) were calculated. In a second procedure the supplying artery and vein of the extremity were proximally clamped and distally connected to an extracorporeal circulation unit consisting of oxygenator, pump, and heat exchanger, and the isolation of the extremity was tested. By simulated of leakage it was possible to detect a little amount of shunt of about 1% escaping from isolated region into the systemic circulation. There were no hints to toxicity when the same dye concentration. There were no hints to toxicity when the same dye concentration was applied. The standardized method was using during 132 cytostatic hyperthermic perfusion in man. In 20 patients we determined shunts of less than 5%, in 104 patients shunts between 5 and 10%, and in eight patients shunts of 10-20% of the extracorporeal circulation. The benefits of the described method are simplicity to carry out and missing of toxicity or radiation. PMID- 7048468 TI - The inhibiting effect of trilostane on adrenal steroid synthesis: hormonal and morphological alterations induced by subchronic trilostane treatment in normal rats. AB - In adult male rats the effect of a subchronic treatment with trilostane, a new, orally active, competitive inhibitor of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, on adrenal steroid production and morphology was studied. Rats were treated with 150 mg or 300 mg trilostane/kg/day for 7 or 14 days and with 150 mg trilostane/kg/day for 10 days in combination with 75 mg propranolol/kg/day or 1 mg indomethacin/kg/day. Trilostane leads to a dose-dependent increase in adrenal weight and to a rather uniform increase in nuclear volumes of zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata cells. The basal secretion of aldosterone and corticosterone is not significantly altered. Trilostane increases the excretion of sodium and potassium in urine. The stimulating effect of trilostane on plasma renin activity and the adrenal enlargement are not inhibited by propranolol or indomethacin. We conclude that trilostane induces latent adrenal insufficiency. Increased renin and ACTH maintain normal basal steroid levels, and might impair the therapeutic effectiveness of trilostane. PMID- 7048469 TI - Histology and immunology of Peyer's patches in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). AB - Peyer's patches (PP) were identified in the small intestine of the domestic fowl by their thickened villi, flattened epithelium which lacked goblet cells and by the accumulations of lymphocytes in the form of encapsulated germinal centres (GC) and diffuse lymphoid tissue (DLT). Particles of orally administered carbon were seen in GC and DLT, in macrophages and within epithelial cells (M cells). Faults in the PP epithelium, which was positive for alkaline phosphatase, allowed the extrusion of lymphocytes into the intestinal lumen. Immunofluorescence detected more lymphoid cells with cytoplasmic IgG than IgA or IgM. Specific antibody production was seen in cells of GC ad DLT in PP from fowls that had received multiple injections of horse serum. PMID- 7048470 TI - [Plasma noradrenaline concentration in essential hypertension-with particular references to age, plasma renin activity and spontaneous fall of blood pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048471 TI - [Combined lamellar keratoplasty in the surgical treatment of pterygium]. PMID- 7048472 TI - [Evaluation of palatal separation]. PMID- 7048473 TI - [Pulmonary nocardiasis in Guatemala: 1st confirmed case]. PMID- 7048475 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes]. PMID- 7048474 TI - [Septicemia caused by Yersinia enterocolitica. General review apropos of a new case in a young women presenting with thalassemia major]. PMID- 7048476 TI - [Chile indebted to Dr. Francisco Fonck]. PMID- 7048477 TI - [Hepatitis B vaccine: results of the Belgian clinical trials with 150 volunteers]. PMID- 7048478 TI - [Treatment of diabetes with an artificial pancreas in cardiac surgery]. PMID- 7048479 TI - [New methods of insulin administration in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes]. PMID- 7048480 TI - [The evolution of the treatment of tuberculosis]. PMID- 7048481 TI - [The campaign against tuberculosis]. PMID- 7048482 TI - [Controlled cooperative trial. Secondary prevention of atherosclerosis-related cerebral ischemic accidents by aspirin dipyridamole. 2: Description of subjects at the beginning of the trial]. AB - This paper is the second devoted to the controlled trial "A.I.C.L.A." comparing aspirin, aspirin + dipyridamole and placebo in the secondary prevention of athero thrombotic cerebral ischaemic events. It presents the description and distribution of baseline characteristics at entry. Six hundred and four patients (men: 70 p. 100, mean age : 63) were entered. Risk factors were distributed as follows: arterial hypertension: 63 p. 100, Diabetes: 24 p. 100, High blood lipids: 26 p. 100, high uric acid: 20 p. 100, hematocrit greater than 46 p. 100: 34 p. 100, cigarette smoking: 64 p. 100, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction: 15 p. 100, peripheral vascular disease: 7 p. 100, 37 p. 100 of patients had a stroke prior to entry. The ischemic event at entry occurred not more than one year prior to randomization and less than 3 months in 77 p. 100. It was much more often a completed stroke (84 p. 100) than a transient ischaemic attack (16 p. 100) and was referrable either to the carotid (46 p. 100) or the vertebrobasilar circulation (50 p. 100). On the whole patients are older and strokes more severe than in other similar studies. Randomization produced remarkably comparable treatment groups since almost no significant difference was observed between the 3 groups. PMID- 7048483 TI - [Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in France: an epidemiological update (author's transl)]. AB - We report here the results of a prospective epidemiological study of Creutzfeldt Jakob disease in continental France during the years 1978-80, extending a retrospective study of the decade 1968-1977 previously reported. The new annual mortality figures are 0.53 cases per million people for France as a whole, and 1,01 cases per million people for the paris metropolitan area. The correlation between mortality rate and population density persists in the Parisian area, and is not related to differences in age composition of the density categories. Although the geographic distribution of CJD and Scrapie and completely unrelated, there is a correlation between lamb consumption and CJD mortality rates in different nationwide population categories. PMID- 7048484 TI - [Familial presenile dementia: Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - A similar affection has developed in eight members from four generations of a family living in the Alsace. The disease is characterized by the onset of a pyramidal, pseudobulbar syndrome and dementia during the third or fourth decade of life. The outcome is fatal after a mean period of three years. Cerebral biopsies in three cases have demonstrated multicentric amyloid plaques differing from senile plaques. Clinical and pathological findings are similar to those currently reported in the literature as being typical of Gerstmann-Straussler Scheinker's syndrome. The affection appears as a separate entity: the multicentric plaques, clinical symptomatology, pyramidal or pseudobulbar, cerebellar syndromes, usually preceding dementia, age of onset, course, and familial character or the disorder distinguish it among presenile dementias. Its clinical profile and course are very similar to that of familial cases of Alzheimer's disease, some of which are probably cases of Gerstmann-Strassler Scheinker's syndrome. Transmission to animals, though inconstant, places it within the group of transmissible dementias among kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob's, and familial forms of Alzheimer's disease. The familial nature of the affection and the variability of clinical and pathological features in the same family illustrate the complex relationships between hosts and pathogenic agents in the clinicopathological expression of a disease. PMID- 7048485 TI - [Construction of an onlay core using a direct method]. PMID- 7048486 TI - Tetanus neurotoxin. PMID- 7048487 TI - Proteolytic processing of polypeptides during the biosynthesis of subcellular structures. PMID- 7048488 TI - Control of blood volume. PMID- 7048489 TI - Polymorphism of the third component of human complement. AB - Genetic polymorphism of the third component of human complement (C3) has been considered as a powerful marker for population genetics. Some studies on the distribution of gene frequencies have been performed among numerous populations all over the world. This review takes stock of population genetic studies reported up to now and points out some remarks on the distribution of the observed allelic frequencies. PMID- 7048490 TI - Heparin - plasmaprotein interactions. Current status. PMID- 7048491 TI - [Critical analysis of medical bibliography]. PMID- 7048492 TI - [Chronicle II. Education in gastroenterology]. PMID- 7048493 TI - [Sensitivity in vitro of some bacterial strains to procaine]. AB - The action range of procaine, this multipotent substance, may also be extended to the domain of bacteriology due to its bacteriostatic, bactericide, fungistatic and fungicide properties. The antibacterial activity of Hoechst procaine hydrochlorate powder was determined on 15 bacterial strains and 2 Candida strains isolated from various human infections. The in vitro antibacterial effect of the powder was demonstrated by the diffusimetric and the dilution methods, determining the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericide concentration. Procaine had a high antibacterial activity against Streptococcus B hemolyticus gr. A and viridans, and against certain enterobacteria (E. coli Proteus). THe results show the possibility of using procaine also in the local treatment of infections caused by these agents. PMID- 7048494 TI - [Visit of an Austrian mission to the Rumanian quarantines in 1849]. PMID- 7048495 TI - [Antigenic analysis of various strains of Trypanosoma cruzi]. PMID- 7048496 TI - [Giant follicular lymphoma and schistosomiasis mansoni]. PMID- 7048497 TI - A comparative study of naproxen with diclofenac sodium in osteoarthrosis of the knees. PMID- 7048498 TI - [The selective deficiency of immunoglobulin A: epidemiological, pathogenetic, clinical, therapeutic and medicolegal considerations]. PMID- 7048499 TI - [Neuro-Behcet's disease. Case description and review of the literature]. PMID- 7048500 TI - Why a single piece of advice may save your corneal transplant patient's sight. PMID- 7048501 TI - [Perforations of the oesophagus (author's transl)]. AB - The different reasons for perforations of the oesophagus are listed with their preferential locations. A survey is given on the necessary x-ray diagnostics including computed tomography according to the clinical signs. Examples of the characteristic x-ray findings and follow-up are demonstrated with their relation to the surgical possibilities. PMID- 7048502 TI - [Of what use is epidemiology?]. PMID- 7048503 TI - [Anti-DNA determination using Crithidia luciliae. Specificity and clinical usefulness in systemic lupus erythematosus]. AB - The authors determined the existence of native anti-DNA antibodies by the crithidia lucilae (anti-DNA-CL) test in 44 patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 48 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 12 with scleroderma, 8 with polymyositis and/or dermatomyositis, 12 with mixed connective tissue disease, 53 with chronic liver disease and 100 blood donors in order to establish the specificity of the test in SLE, its possible correlation with the degree of clinical activity and the presence or absence of neuropathy, and its possible use in the therapeutic control of the disease. The presence of anti DNA-CL was specific to SLE. It was seen at significant titres only in patients with active disease. Anti DNA-CL antibodies capable of activating complement were seen more frequently and at higher titres in cases with active nephritis. In longitudinal studies it was seen that clinical activity or inactivity were associated with parallel oscillations in anti DNA-CL titres. These data confirmed the specificity of the method and its usefulness in the diagnosis and therapeutic control of the process. PMID- 7048504 TI - [Primary tumors of the iliac bone]. PMID- 7048505 TI - [Spondylodiskitis caused by Serratia marcescens. Apropos of a personal case]. PMID- 7048506 TI - [Morphological aspects of Triatominae eggs. II - Macroscopic and exochorial characteristics of 10 species of the genus Rhodnius Stal, 1859 (Hemiptera - Reduviidae)]. PMID- 7048507 TI - [The value of physical agents in the diagnosis of a tumor in the pterygo maxillary fossa]. PMID- 7048508 TI - Enhancement of in vitro immune responses of murine Peyer's patch cultures by concanavalin A, muramyl dipeptide and lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 7048509 TI - Serodiagnosis of syphilis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgG antibodies against the Reiter treponeme flagellum. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgG antibodies against the flagellum (axial filament) of the Reiter treponeme (flagellum-ELISA) was developed and compared with the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test and the Treponema pallidum immobilization (TPI) test with regard to diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. One serum from each of 827 individuals with and without syphilis was studied. In all diagnostic groups of syphilis there was no significant difference between the sensitivity of the FTA-ABS and the flagellum ELISA, except in treated syphilis, where the FTA-ABS was more sensitive (P less than 0.01). In primary syphilis and in treated syphilis the sensitivity of the flagellum-ELISA was higher than the sensitivity of TPI (P less than 0.01 and P less than or equal to 0.05), respectively); in all other groups there was no significant difference between the sensitivity of TPI and flagellum-ELISA. The specificity of the flagellum-ELISA (99.0%) in 200 sera from blood donors without syphilis was not statistically different from the specificity of FTA-ABS (98.0%) and TPI (99.5%). The flagellum-ELISA seems to be well suited for routine serodiagnosis of syphilis and may replace other treponemal tests. PMID- 7048510 TI - Leucocyte-associated plasma proteins. I. Plasma proteins in supernatants and cell pellets during successive washings of human blood cells. AB - Sixteen plasma proteins were studied in the supernatants from 20 successive washings of human leucocytes by a new sensitive immunoelectrophoretic method. In the first few supernatants a fast and parallel decrease in concentration of all proteins took place, but for 11 proteins this was followed by a phase of slow decrease due to cellular release. Eight proteins could be quantitated throughout the 20 washings: prealbumin, albumin, orosomucoid, alpha 1-antitrypsin, transferrin, C3, haptoglobin, and IgG. These proteins and trace amounts of eight other plasma proteins were present in the cell lysate after the washings. In comparison with plasma, the leucocytes contained relatively higher concentrations of prealbumin, orosomucoid, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and haptoglobin than of albumin. In crossed immunoelectrophoresis these same four proteins were present as molecular variants differing from their plasma counterpart in electrophoretic mobility and morphology of the precipitate. PMID- 7048511 TI - Murine synovial intima contains I-A-, I-E/C-positive bone-marrow-derived cells. PMID- 7048512 TI - Dwarf colony mutant of Escherichia coli causing purulent meningitis. PMID- 7048513 TI - Septicaemia in newborns and infants. AB - In the lifespan of a human being the two extremes, the early childhood and old age are prone to septicaemia because of poorly functioning anti-infectious defensive mechanisms. In a newborn full term baby these mechanisms are all present but still unexperienced. The importance of both specific and nonspecific factors will be discussed. The etiologic agents, causing septicaemia in nurseries undergo continuous change. In Helsinki we have during the last 20 years experienced staphylococci to start with, changing then to Gram-negative rods, to streptococci group B and now we have increasing difficulties with hospital infections. In the treatment of these children antibiotics alone are not sufficient but repeated exchange transfusions and granulocyte transfusions are needed. In infants after the first month of life, septicaemias produce a clinical picture different from that in newborns but still different also from that in adults. Also in this age group a shift in etiology has been observed. Increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents in the bacteria encountered makes a reconsideration of therapeutic schemes necessary. PMID- 7048514 TI - The role of prostaglandins in sepsis. AB - The prostaglandins are potent vasoactive fatty acids that are ubiquitously distributed throughout the body. It is now well established that the prostaglandins participate in a variety of pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, burns, renal aspects of hypertension, peptic ulcer disease, diarrhea, skin conditions, vasomotor dysfunctions, platelet abnormalities, dysmenorrhea, fever, and shock. We have previously shown that the prostaglandins appeared to be elevated and were related to the circulatory dysfunction in canine and baboon endotoxin shock. In addition, our studies demonstrated that indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, not only inhibited the prostaglandin release and improved the hemodynamic derangements, but also significantly improved the survival. Indomethacin clearly improved the survival in baboon endotoxin shock even when administered after shock had occurred. Since the previous studies were in endotoxin models, the next logical step was to determine the effects of indomethacin in a clinically-relevant rat sepsis model. Two hundred sixty-six male rats (250-500 g) were randomly allocated to saline treated controls or to indomethacin treatment. A pure suspension of live E. Coli organisms (225 X 10(10)/rat) were injected i.p. to each rat. Treatment was introduced at three hours when all blood cultures were positive. Groups were divided into gentamicin (4 mg/kg/rat) alone, gentamicin and indomethacin (3 mg/kg), or indomethacin alone in addition to the saline treated controls. Results showed that indomethacin in combination with gentamicin significantly (p = 0.05) improved the survival at 24 (90%) and 48 hours (90%), when compared with saline treated controls (65%, 45%) and with gentamicin (40%, 40%). Indomethacin alone significantly (p = 0.01) improved the survival. Conclusions are that (i) therapeutic doses of indomethacin or gentamycin clearly improved the survival in a clinically relevant rat sepsis model; (ii) the exact mechanism of protection with indomethacin is unknown; and (iii) indomethacin should be considered for use in human clinical sepsis. PMID- 7048515 TI - Bacterial endotoxins: chemical structure, biological activity and role in septicaemia. PMID- 7048516 TI - Prevention of occupational cancer: a different approach. AB - The dominant strategy for preventing occupational cancer in the United States is agent-based. An alternative set of preventive strategies based on a more healthful workplace can replace this approach, and not only provides practical guidance on what to do, but also criteria for the prevention of cancer from known or suspected agents and from suspected occupations, not now covered by agent-oriented strategies. The strategy is based on preventing the occurrence of any unfavorable health effect from known or possible carcinogenic exposures. All known occupational carcinogens have other effects detectable earlier than cancer and usually at a lower dose. The proposed strategy is built on the assumption that yet-to-be identified carcinogens will also have this property. Strategies for prevention once exposure to known carcinogens has occurred are also proposed. The benefits include the prevention of other diseases. One large industrial complex has already embarked on such an approach. PMID- 7048517 TI - [The origin of isolated necrosis zones in the papillary muscles of the heart without changes in the coronary vessels]. PMID- 7048518 TI - [Simultaneous or sequential hormono/chemotherapy and a comparison of various polychemotherapies in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer]. AB - Since in the treatment of advanced breast cancer chemotherapy and the various hormonal manipulations seem recently to have reached a plateau of effectiveness when used alone, it is widely assumed that the combination of both treatment modalities could improve therapeutic results. The outcome is reported of a study encompassing 109 pre- and 297 postmenopausal evaluable cases with previously untreated metastatic breast cancer. The patients were randomized either to a concurrent chemo/hormonotherapy or to the hormonal treatment alone, chemotherapy being delayed until the occurrence of tumor progression. All patients were further randomized to 3 chemotherapy regimens (LMFP, LMP/FVP, LMFP/ADM) representing three different degrees of intensity. Pre-menopausal patients tend to live longer with the concurrent combination of both modalities, whereas postmenopausal patients fare better when chemotherapy is delayed until the occurrence of tumor progression with hormonotherapy alone. However, the differences in survival are statistically significant only in postmenopausal patients with a less aggressive tumor ("low-risk"). The more aggressive cytotoxic combinations elicit higher response rates than "minimal chemotherapy", but the differences translate only marginally into different survivals. These findings are discussed with regard in particular to their importance in establishing widely acceptable therapeutic rules for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. PMID- 7048519 TI - [Evolution of the intestinal flora in patients under preventive treatment with cephalosporins]. AB - The evolution of the intestinal flora has been studied in 20 patients undergoing chemoprophylaxis with cephalosporins. The patients, admitted to the Cantonal Hospital of Geneva for heart surgery, all received intravenous treatment initiated on the day of admission. Subsequently, one group continued to receive a cephalosporin orally while prophylaxis was discontinued in a second group. Microbiological analysis of aerobic bacteria in faeces demonstrated in both groups (1) a significant increase in resistance to beta-lactamines (ampicillin); (2) a parallel though lesser increase in resistance to other antibiotics (which shows the probable role of plasmids carrying drug resistance markers); and (3) an increase in bacteria known for their resistance to beta-lactamines (klebsiella, enterobacter, pseudomonas). These results demonstrate that a single intravenous administration of beta-lactamines has a selective effect on the intestinal flora and notably on bacteria which are known to be the cause of infectious diseases acquired in hospitals. PMID- 7048520 TI - [Factitious hypoglycemia: clinical aspects, diagnosis and course in a non diabetic male]. AB - The case of a 37-year-old man without diabetes is reported who began to experience repetitive episodes of loss of consciousness. For 11/2 years the patient suffered from attacks of fatigue associated with sweating, tachycardia, blurred vision and finally unconsciousness. In the presence of low blood sugar and high plasma insulin values, an insulin producing pancreatic adenoma was initially suspected. In view of the negative results of radiological investigations, the different blood sugar reactions during fasting tests with and without supervision, together with low concentrations of C-peptide and high insulin values during various hypoglycemic episodes, factitious hypoglycemia was diagnosed. Finally, an ampoule of insulin was found in a locked suitcase of the patient. Therefore, in patients with fasting hypoglycemia as well as insulin producing adenoma, surreptitious insulin injections as part of a Muncchausen syndrome should be considered. PMID- 7048521 TI - [Use of micro-ELISA for the serology of infectious agalactia in goats]. PMID- 7048522 TI - [Antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents--from research to practice. II. Remarks for the practitioner on the characteristics of tetracyclines]. PMID- 7048523 TI - [Pharyngeal injuries caused by administration of permanent magnets]. PMID- 7048524 TI - [Canine distemper--the history of a disease]. PMID- 7048525 TI - [Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics--from research to practice. III. Remarks to practitioners on sulfamide peculiarities]. PMID- 7048526 TI - [The control of the primate menstrual cycle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048527 TI - Isolation of genome-enzyme complex from cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of silkworm Bombyx mori. AB - The genome-enzyme complex is isolated from the silkworm cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus with DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography after ultraviolet irradiation. The genome-enzyme complex shows both RNA-polymerase and methyltransferase activities while using 3H-UTP and [3H-methyl]-S-adenosyle-L-methionine as substrates. Like the double-stranded RNA genome of CPV, the genome-enzyme complex could be separated into nine segments on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It is demonstrated that the RNA polymerase and methyl-transferase are tightly bound to the double-stranded RNA genome and that the individual segments of the genome enzyme complex all possess RNA-polymerase and methyltransferase activities. It appears that each segment of the double-stranded RNA genome is transcribed independently. PMID- 7048528 TI - Darwin died at a most propitious time. PMID- 7048529 TI - Anomalous patterns in cultured cell monolayers. AB - Gridlike patterns of differing cell density were observed in evenly seeded cell monolayers. Such patterns were obtained in five of six cell lines tested, suggesting widespread occurrence. The mechanism appears to involve small, transient temperature changes related to incubator tray structure. The very short time course of appearance of the patterns implicates attachment rather than growth as the critically affected factor. Impaired adhesion or directed sedimentation resulting from thermally induced microcurrents in the medium are the two most likely mechanisms. PMID- 7048530 TI - Uveitis and arthritis: experimental models and clinical correlates. PMID- 7048531 TI - The liver in rheumatic diseases. PMID- 7048532 TI - Rheumatic manifestations of hepatitis B virus infection. PMID- 7048533 TI - Frozen shoulder. AB - The term Frozen Shoulder (FS) is a medical colloquialism rather than a diagnosis. It is usually used as a clinical description with pathogenetic inferences, as suggested by the alternative designations of periarthritis, pericapsulitis, adhesive capsulitis and obliterative bursitis. Our understanding of the basic pathology and natural history of FS is limited, and this is reflected in the wide assortment of treatments which have been advocated. In this review the present state of knowledge of this disorder will be presented in a critical fashion. PMID- 7048535 TI - Paternal drug exposure: effects on reproduction and progeny. PMID- 7048534 TI - Genetic control of drug metabolism: relationship to birth defects. PMID- 7048536 TI - Use of aminoglycosides in the neonate. PMID- 7048537 TI - Amikacin: pharmacology, indications and cautions for use, and dose recommendations. PMID- 7048538 TI - The use of diuretics in infants with the respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7048539 TI - Therapy of congenital hypothyroidism in the era of mass screening. PMID- 7048540 TI - Cellular antibiotic pharmacology. AB - Many perinatal pathogens are able to survive and in some cases replicate intracellularly. With the exception of viruses and toxoplasma, these pathogens principally infect phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Such intracellular organisms, by evading the effects of antibiotics that act only extracellularly, may respond poorly to conventional therapy. Of currently available antibiotics, rifampin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim are the most active intracellularly. Other antibiotics are either taken up by cells but appear to be inactive intracellularly (lincomycin) or are excluded from cells (penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides). The clinical role of antibiotics that are active intracellularly is not clear; anecdotal human experience and limited controlled animal experience suggests that they may be useful in the treatment of some infections. Because of the decreased microbicidal activity of newborn phagocytes, intracellular activity of antibiotics may be of greater importance than in older patients. Further study is needed to answer these questions. Methods of enhancing intracellular activity of antibiotics are available should this property prove to be desirable. PMID- 7048541 TI - Posterior arch defects of the cervical spine. AB - Spondylolysis and absence of the pedicle are congenital anomalies of the posterior cervical spine. Their roentgenographic changes may be confused with other more serious entities which may necessitate either emergent therapy or require extensive diagnostic testing and treatment. Four cases are present and the literature is reviewed. A hypothesis for the embryologic etiology of these entities is proposed. PMID- 7048542 TI - Bacteria in frozen vegetables. PMID- 7048543 TI - Toxic bacterial dusts associated with plants. PMID- 7048545 TI - Comment on the paper "The Political Economy of Sexism in Industrial Health" by Marcia Felker. PMID- 7048544 TI - Black fertility in decline: urban differentials in 1900. PMID- 7048546 TI - The political economy of sexism in industrial health. AB - In the last several years, increasing numbers of American women have lost their industrial jobs or have been refused jobs because they are of child-bearing age. Industrial physicians and management in manufacturing plants using various chemicals have decided that the risk their women workers take of having deformed children as a result of workplace hazards is such that the women must be 'protected'. An alternative 'choice' given to many of these women is proof of sterilization in order to maintain or attain jobs. In choosing to approach the growing problem of workplace contamination in this fashion, management and industrial physicians ignore the effects of chemical toxins on male employees' reproductive systems, and obscure the larger problem of hazards to all employees' total body systems. This paper explores the political economy of the interactions between Society, the Medical System and Women in a Capitalist State, in order to uncover the flow of forces operating in this conflict. Using an historical perspective, a feminist analysis is made of the social order, and a model is presented which demonstrates the articulations between the domains mentioned above, particularly the historical control by the medical system as an agent of the state. PMID- 7048547 TI - Components of longevity: developmental and genetic responses to differential childhood mortality. AB - Childhood disease may have far-reaching effects on adult longevity in high mortality populations. It was earlier reported from demographic analysis of 19th century New England communities that survivors of high-fatality childhood epidemics lived significantly longer than their unstressed counter-parts. As part of a broader survey of agricultural families of western Massachusetts, these data indicate that elevated child mortality is associated with an increase in the average age at death of survivors. This paper examines this selection process and the problem of heritable longevity using cohort data selected from historical epidemics. A series of tests of the selection hypothesis in which an attempt is made to control demographic covariates suggest that widespread childhood infectious disease strengthens survivors in a developmental manner. Whether such episodes also eliminate less fit individuals according to a simple selection model could not be determined. The influence of family formation variables on child loss, and behavioral (fertility) responses to childhood epidemics in these communities are also considered. PMID- 7048548 TI - David Clarkson Maddison (1927-1981). PMID- 7048549 TI - [The Schreber case]. PMID- 7048550 TI - [New information on the 1st blood transfusion in Russia]. PMID- 7048551 TI - [Vladimir Nikitich Vinogradov]. PMID- 7048552 TI - [Current view on the pathogenesis of botulism]. PMID- 7048553 TI - [Determination of the enzyme activity of leukocytes in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7048554 TI - [Selective proximal vagotomy in the treatment of complicated pyloroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7048555 TI - [Replacement of extensive bone defects with formalin-treated allografts in pediatric orthopedics]. PMID- 7048556 TI - [Method of suturing of blood vessels]. PMID- 7048557 TI - [Relationship between the structural and functional changes in the pathogenesis of disease]. PMID- 7048558 TI - [Hyperaldosteronism]. PMID- 7048559 TI - [Current methods of diagnosis of insufficiency of the exocrine pancreas]. PMID- 7048560 TI - [Role of hypoxia in the pathogenesis of liver insufficiency]. PMID- 7048561 TI - [Early stomach cancer]. PMID- 7048562 TI - [Combined effects of drugs]. PMID- 7048563 TI - [Physicians, pharmacists and folk medicine in Nis during the Turkish occupation (19th century)]. PMID- 7048564 TI - [75 years of orthopedic surgery in Serbia]. PMID- 7048565 TI - [Public health in the works of Svetozar Markovik]. PMID- 7048566 TI - [Genetics in malignant blood diseases]. PMID- 7048567 TI - [Therapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas]. PMID- 7048568 TI - [Secretion and mechanism of action of the growth hormone]. PMID- 7048569 TI - [Arterial hypertension with low plasma renin activity]. PMID- 7048570 TI - [Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in children with insulin-dependent diabetes]. PMID- 7048571 TI - [Penicillin hypersensitivity in children in vivo and in vitro]. PMID- 7048572 TI - [A letter of Rista Jeremic on the formation of a section of medical and pharmacy history in the Serbian Medical Society in Belgrade dated 12 February 1959]. PMID- 7048573 TI - [Dr. Janko Safarik and his work in science, education and culture in Serbia]. PMID- 7048574 TI - [Dr. Lujo Fuk (22 June 1887--24 July 1980)]. PMID- 7048575 TI - [Animal model of rheumatism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048576 TI - [Pseudogout (Articular chondrocalcinosis) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048577 TI - [Kidney transplantation at Tygerberg Hospital. A review of the surgical complications]. PMID- 7048578 TI - Acyclovir therapy in cutaneous herpes simplex following bone marrow transplantation. A case report. AB - Herpes simplex virus was demonstrated in rapidly progressing cutaneous lesions 7 days after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a 14-year-old girl. Extension of the eruption was not controlled by hyperimmune plasma and transfer factor. In contrast, prompt and complete resolution followed administration of acyclovir. The absence of renal insufficiency or damage to the new graft emphasizes the value of this agent in managing progressive herpes simplex infections in immunocompromised patients. PMID- 7048579 TI - Immunoglobulin A nephropathy. A review and case presentations. PMID- 7048580 TI - Venereal disease in the United States Army: 1775-1900. PMID- 7048581 TI - Resources needed to culture Chlamydia trachomatis in laboratories of clinics for sexually transmitted diseases. AB - Genital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis may be more prevalent than infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and may have serious sequelae such as epididymitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in adults and conjunctivitis and pneumonia in neonates. A culture of the organism is the most sensitive and specific means for detecting C. trachomatis in the genital tract, yet this procedure is available only in specialized centers and universities. Establishment of a chlamydia laboratory as part of a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) requires major technical and financial resources. Technical resources include the expertise of technicians as well as specialized equipment, glassware, and reagents. The current (August, 1981) minimal cost of performing a chlamydial culture is estimated to be $14.69. PMID- 7048582 TI - [Vibration etching technique for pits and fissure sealants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048583 TI - [The clinical application of a new adhesive resin (MMA-4-META-TBB-O) to an adhesion bridge (adhesion splint) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048584 TI - [Miscellaneous record of medico-dental and pharmacological history (28)]. PMID- 7048585 TI - [Sterilization and disinfection of the instruments used in prosthodontics]. PMID- 7048586 TI - [1 years' observation of the periodontal region around the mandibular first molar and the instruments used in its treatment. Restoration with satisfactory prognosis]. PMID- 7048588 TI - [Carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) in bone-marrow metastases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048587 TI - Excessive mortality of men. PMID- 7048589 TI - A randomized study of cholecystectomy with and without drainage. AB - Routine drainage of the bed of the gallbladder following cholecystectomy remains controversial. A prospectively randomized series of 100 instances of cholecystectomy for chronic and subsiding acute cholecystitis are reviewed. Postoperative fever was lowered, the need for dressing changes was virtually eliminated and hospital stay was shortened in patients who did not undergo drainage. No complications attributable to drain avoidance were seen. PMID- 7048590 TI - Evaluation of vagotomy by the Hollander-Congo red test. AB - In the present study, the completeness of vagotomy in patients who underwent truncal and highly selective vagotomy is evaluated, comparing them with control groups of normal persons and patients with a duodenal ulcer. The evaluation was made by the Hollander test, followed by the endoscopic Congo red test, using the same hypoglycemic stimulus. Gastric acid production was higher in the patients with duodenal ulcer, followed by the normal persons. Lower acidity levels were obtained for patients with truncal vagotomy than for patients with highly selective vagotomy. During the Congo red test, we noted that the patients with truncal or highly selective vagotomy had small black spots in the gastric mucosa, except those having a recurrent ulcer, denoting incomplete vagotomy. Nevertheless, when we observed the appearance of the gastric mucosa, we noted a similar aspect for those having had a vagotomy and for normal persons. This appearance was completely different from the patients with a duodenal ulcer. We concluded that truncal vagotomy greatly reduces the level of gastric acid production, while highly selective vagotomy does so to a lesser extent. The endoscopic aspect of these patients during the Congo red test was similar to that for normal persons. PMID- 7048591 TI - Povidone-iodine irrigation of the subcutaneous tissue to prevent surgical wound infections. AB - In a prospective randomized trial, the influence of irrigation of the subcutaneous tissue using povidone-iodine solution upon the development of postoperative wound infection was examined in 592 patients undergoing general surgical operative procedures. No beneficial effect of irrigation with povidone iodine solution could be demonstrated, nor could it be demonstrated in the group as a whole or in the subgroups according to bacterial contamination. PMID- 7048592 TI - Innovative application of skin staplers in operations for burns. PMID- 7048593 TI - Diagnostic peritoneal lavage. AB - From the preceding review, it can be seen that diagnostic peritoneal lavage is a safe, reliable means of evaluating the various acute conditions of the abdomen. Patients who have sustained, blunt trauma of the abdomen, particularly with associated injuries, are prime candidates for the procedure. Children who have sustained injuries, either suspected abdominal injuries or multiple trauma, should be included. Other groups include paraplegic patients with possible abdominal disease and patients with findings which are suggestive of an acute condition of the abdomen but an uncertain diagnosis. Relative contraindications for peritoneal lavage include a distended abdomen, a history of previous surgical procedures of the abdomen and gravid uterus. Peritoneal lavage may be performed upon these patients but with modifications of technique. Patients for whom the diagnosis is certain and those patients upon whom exploration is planned are not candidates for lavage. Peritoneal lavage has been shown to be an effective adjunct in the evaluation of the abdomen in a wide variety of conditions. Its use has decreased the rate of unnecessary laparotomy both in patients with blunt trauma to the abdomen and in those with nontraumatic, acute disease of the abdomen. It can be used to arrive at an early decision for operative and nonoperative therapy and thereby reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with abdominal disease. PMID- 7048594 TI - Immunotherapy of gram-negative bacterial sepsis: enhanced survival in a guinea pig model by use of rabbit antiserum to Escherichia coli J5. AB - A rough mutant of Escherichia coli (J5), which expresses a core lipopolysaccharide antigen common to gram-negative organisms on its cell surface, was used to immunize rabbits. Passively transferred anti-E. coli J5 rabbit antiserum (anti-J5 RS), normal rabbit serum (NRS), and saline were compared in a guinea pig model of intravenous gram-negative sepsis, with E. coli 0111:B4 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as challenge organisms. Physiologic monitoring demonstrated a consistent pattern associated with gram-negative sepsis in this model: hypothermia, hypotension, bradycardia, a fall in white blood cell count and platelet count, and persistence of challenge organisms within the circulation. Pretreatment with anti-J5 RS prevented hypothermia and the fall in platelet count while augmenting bacterial clearance. Survival was markedly enhanced by anti-J5 RS, but not by NRS or saline. Concomitant heparin pretreatment was thought to be a significant factor in demonstrating the protective effect in this model. Parallel in vitro cross-reactivity measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an opsonization assay demonstrated that anti-J5 RS extensively cross-reacted with a variety of gram-negative bacilli. Demonstration of enhanced opsonization by anti-J5 RS of gram-negative organisms was thus well correlated with enhanced systemic clearance of bacteria and improved survival subsequent to intravenous bacterial challenge. PMID- 7048595 TI - Prostacyclin-mediated gastric cytoprotection is dependent on mucosal blood flow. AB - Although prostacyclin (PGI2) causes an increase in resting gastric mucosal blood flow, this effect is not thought to be correlated with its cytoprotective action. This study questions that hypothesis by assessing whether PGI2 cytoprotection occurs in the presence of decreased gastric mucosal blood flow. Twenty-four miniature swine were anesthetized with chloralose, ventilated, and catheterized to measure cardiac output and arterial pressure and to inject microspheres. An orogastric tube was placed for infusion of 2.5% autogenous bile in isotonic HCl (2 ml/kg/hr). Four experimental groups were used: I, control (no drugs); II, vasopressin (0.25 U/min intravenously); III, PGI2 (0.1 micrograms/kg/min intravenously); and IV, vasopressin and PGI2 combined. Gastric mucosal blood flow was documented at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 hours of drug infusion by radiolabeled-microsphere technique. Stomachs were harvested and photographed, and lesions were scored (0 to 3) by blinded observers. Gastric mucosal blood flow was decreased (50%) in both groups that received vasopressin, increased (300%) in animals that received PGI2 alone, and unchanged in controls. All animals that received vasopressin, whether alone or with PGI2, developed mucosal injury (mean score 2.5 versus (2.2). Group I and group III animals did not develop lesions. The results of this study demonstrate that PGI2 failed to elevate gastric mucosal blood flow, which was already depressed to vasopressin, and that PGI2 failed to protect the gastric mucosa from injury in the presence of reduced blood flow. This suggests that PGI2 cytoprotection is linked to its effect on gastric mucosal blood flow. PMID- 7048596 TI - Altered glucose tolerance, insulin response, and insulin sensitivity after massive weight reduction subsequent to gastric bypass. AB - We have studied an otherwise normal group of morbidly obese subjects and compared them with patients who had experienced massive weight loss after loop gastric bypass. Compared to normal controls (NLCs), morbidly obese control patients (OBCs) had abnormal glucose tolerance curves (after glucose ingestion), elevated basal insulin levels, and increased plasma insulin concentrations, suggesting insulin insensitivity. The latter has been corroborated by the measurement of decreased insulin binding in these patients. Postoperative (PO) patients were hyperglycemic after taking oral glucose, but all PO patients had a rapid decrease in plasma glucose concentration, half reaching hypoglycemic levels. PO basal insulin levels and insulin receptor number were not statistically different from those in NLCs, indicating up-regulation of insulin receptors (and therefore, increased insulin sensitivity) postoperatively. Hyperinsulinemia seen in the PO group (greater than that in OBCs, P less than 0.001) after administration of oral glucose occurred simultaneously with a doubling of plasma concentration of gastric inhibitory polypeptide. Massive weight loss in patients after gastric bypass was accompanied by an improvement in insulin receptor number, basal hyperinsulinemia, and glucose tolerance. In addition, postoperative patients demonstrated symptomatic reactive hypoglycemia which may have resulted from the hyperinsulinemia seen subsequent to ingestion of glucose. PMID- 7048597 TI - Mediation of cardiac ischemia by thromboxanes released from human platelets. AB - We evaluated the consequences of platelet activation within the coronary circulation and determined the contribution of released thromboxanes, the most potent vasoconstrictors known, to the ensuing cardiac ischemia. Human platelets were isolated by sepharose column chromatography from blood of normal donors and added to the crystalloid perfusate of a Langendorff rabbit heart (platelet counts greater than or equal to 10,000/microliters). Following thrombin-induced (1 U/ml) platelet activation, the coronary flow decreased by 30 +/- 10% (mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.02), the mean concentration of thromboxane B2 in the coronary sinus effluent rose to 62 +/- 25 pmol/ml, and immediate, often irreversible cardiac ischemia as monitored by nicotinamide adenine dehydrogenase autofluorescence photography, ensued. However, with high concentrations of the platelet inhibitor and vasodilator, prostaglandin E1 (1.0 mM), the coronary flow increased by 50 +/ = 15%, and the epicardial fluorescence remained unchanged despite a small (10 +/- 3 pmol/ml) increase in coronary sinus thromboxanes. Platelets isolated from donors who ingested aspirin were incapable of thromboxane synthesis (less than 5 pmol/ml) but remained normally responsive to thrombin-induced activation. When these platelets were challenged by thrombin during cardiac perfusion, however, coronary flow and epicardial fluorescence remained unchanged. We conclude that platelet activation within the coronary circulation can induce irreversible cardiac ischemia, which, however, can be prevented by appropriate pharmacologic inhibition of platelet function. Furthermore, the fact that cardiac perfusion was preserved during a thrombin challenge of platelets from aspirin-treated donors establishes a fundamental role for the products of cyclooxygenase activity (e.g., thromboxanes) in the genesis of this form of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7048598 TI - Inhibition of permeability edema with imidazole. AB - Acute respiratory failure (ARF) with permeability edema and increased physiologic shunting (QS/QT) occurs after complement activation. Leukocytes aggregate, become entrapped in the lungs, and release vasotoxic agents. This study of 31 sheep infused with zymosan-activated plasma (ZAP) tests the hypothesis tha thromboxane (Tx) A2, a proaggregator and bronchoconstrictor, is an intermediate in complement induced ARF. Group I animals (n = 11) were untreated controls. An imidazole infusion, 25 mg/kg . hr was started 1 hour before a ZAP infusion in group II (n = 10). Prostacyclin (PGi2) was given to group III sheep (n = 10) in a dose of 100 ng/kg . min 3- minutes before the ZAP infusion. Within 5 minutes ZAP led to a decrease in the leukocyte count to 2900/mm3 (P less than 0.001), a rise in plasma TxB2 concentration (the stable degradation product of TxA2) from 14 to 246 pg/ml (P less than 0.001), a rise in lymph TxB2 from 24 to 609 pg/ml (P less than 0.001), a rise in QS/QT from 13% to 31% (P less than 0.01), and a rise in mean pulmonary arterial pressure from 17 to 43 mm Hg. Both imidazole and PGI2 prevented the increase in TxB2 and QS/QT and limited the increases in MPAP to 25 and 30 mm Hg, respectively--values below those of untreated controls (P less than 0.05). Imidazole, but not PGI2, prevented the increase in lymph flow, which in controls increased from 2.8 +/- 8.5 ml/30 min (P less than 0.01), and lymph albumin clearance, which increased from 2.2 to 6.0 ml/30 min (P less than 0.01). The high lymph concentrations of TxA2 suggest a pulmonary site of production, and its bronchoconstrictive action may account for the increase in QS/QT. However, TxA2 is only partially responsible for the pulmonary hypertension and is apparently unrelated to changes in permeability. The protective action of infused imidazole against increased permeability appears to be independent of its inhibition of Tx synthetase. PMID- 7048599 TI - Evidence for vagus-dependent pancreatic polypeptide-releasing factor in the antrum: studies with the autotransplanted dog pancreas. AB - Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) response to food is suppressed by truncal vagotomy, antral vagotomy, and antrectomy. The inhibitory effect of antral vagotomy and of antrectomy may be due to inadvertent vagal denervation of the pancreas, disruption of antropyloric neural reflexes, or inhibition of release of a PP releasing factor from the antrum. In this study we examined the latter hypothesis by achieving total extrinsic pancreatic denervation by orthotopic autotransplantation of the entire pancreas in four dogs. Total extrinsic pancreatic denervation, which abolished the pancreatic juice protein response to insulin, did not significantly alter plasma PP response to a meal (peak 30-minute PP of 696 +/- 192 pg/ml before transplantation versus 961 +/- 80 pg/ml after transplantation). Therefore, postprandial release of PP is, to a large extent, not mediated either by direct vagal innervation of the pancreas or by neural communications between the pancreas and antrum or the pancreas and the small intestine. In two of the dogs with pancreatic transplants, subsequent antral vagotomy resulted in greater than 80% inhibition of postprandial PP response. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a PP-releasing factor is present in the antrum and that the release of this factor is dependent on intact antral vagal innervation. PMID- 7048600 TI - Pretreatment of renal allograft recipients with azathioprine and donor-specific blood products. AB - Improvement of renal allograft survival by induction of immunologic unresponsiveness was attempted in 24 patients by the pretransplant administration of donor-specific whole blood or buffy coat under continuous azathioprine immunosuppression. All patients and their donors had one or two disparate HLA haplotypes. Crossmatch (CM) testing (22 degrees C) for T cells (Amos and antiglobulin enhanced) and B cells identified sensitization in two patients (8%). One developed a low titer (1:2) positive B-cell CM, which did not preclude successful transplantation. The second, with a preexisting high titer (1:16) positive B-cell CM, developed a low titer (1:1) T-cell antiglobulin CM and had hyperacute graft rejection. Twenty-one recipients received kidneys from their blood donors. Except for one patient who had hyperacute rejection (across positive T-cell CM), none have rejected their kidneys. Three patients died at 2, 13, and 23 months, respectively, with good renal function. Seventeen patients are alive at 3 months to 10 years with a mean serum creatinine concentration of 1.3 +/- 0.4 mg/dl. Donor-specific transfusion with immunosuppressive coverage improves renal allograft survival without significant sensitization. PMID- 7048601 TI - Underestimation of thermal lung water volume in patients with high cardiac output. AB - When utilizing the intravascular double-indicator dilution technique to measure extravascular lung water, blood flow may be so high that diffusion equilibrium of the diffusible indicator fails to occur and the water distribution space is underestimated during the first 7 days after thermal injury. We serially measured cardiac index and lung water in five severely burned patients (mean age 24 years, range 18 to 33 years; mean burn size 56% total body surface, range 43% to 80%) by a rebreathing method utilizing two gases of differing solubility and by the thermal-indocyanine green dye (ICG) double-indicator dilution technique. Rebreathing lung water, determined by a time- and blood flow-insensitive method, increased significantly over the study period, from 6.6 ml/kg on admission to the hospital 11.3 ml/kg on postburn day 6 (+70%, P less than 0.01). Thermal-ICG lung water decreased slightly as blood flow rose. Rebreathing lung water correlated with clinical data in a patient with pulmonary edema, while thermal-ICG lung water changed in the opposite direction. Our data suggest that the thermal-ICG technique may be diffusion limited by short transit times at the high flows characteristic of burned and other critically ill patients with hyperdynamic circulations. Additionally, segmented redistribution of pulmonary blood flow known to occur in burn patients may contribute to underestimation of lung water. PMID- 7048602 TI - [Anniversary year in the Norwegian Nurses' Association]. PMID- 7048603 TI - [Deaconesses--the first professionally educated nurses]. PMID- 7048604 TI - [Bonding of resins to etched enamel: gel acid or liquid acids?]. PMID- 7048605 TI - [Denture cleansing with Braun InstudentR. A clinical trial]. PMID- 7048606 TI - [A new artificial saliva for treatment of xerostomia]. PMID- 7048607 TI - [Current status microfill materials for restoration of anterior teeth]. PMID- 7048608 TI - [Impressions for crown and bridge construction using alginates]. PMID- 7048609 TI - [IP, RKP, chamfer, what is it? A brief word list for the dental technician and dentist]. PMID- 7048610 TI - [History: the Federation of Swedish Dental Technicians]. PMID- 7048611 TI - [Treatment using a jaw-implanted bridge]. PMID- 7048612 TI - [Immunologic methods of diagnosing rheumatism]. PMID- 7048613 TI - [Current problems of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias]. PMID- 7048614 TI - [Electrophysiological evaluation of the anti-arrhythmia activity of ethmozin and its diethylamine analog in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 7048615 TI - Biography of Josef Warkany. PMID- 7048616 TI - Regulatory aspects of teratology: role of the Food and Drug Administration. AB - The Food and Drug Administration is a scientific regulatory agency whose consumer protection activities cover a wide range of products including foods and additives, and pesticide residues on foods; drugs; cosmetics; medical devices; and radiation-emitting electronic products. Amongst its concerns is the possible teratogen effects of regulated products to which the pregnant woman is exposed. The policies and programs of the agency directed toward reducing such risks to the unborn are reviewed. These measures include guidelines for animal reproduction studies and for clinical trials involving women to childbearing potential; labeling of products to disclose known or possible harm to the fetus or embryo; surveillance procedures designed to detect previously unsuspected adverse effects of marketed products; research activities designed to develop better understanding of developmental toxicology and improved techniques for detecting embryocidal and embryotoxic effects; and educational efforts directed both to professionals and the public regarding hazards to the unborn of agency regulated products. PMID- 7048617 TI - [Immunologic bases of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7048618 TI - [The current status of renal transplantation]. PMID- 7048619 TI - [The role of the practicing physician in treating renal failure]. PMID- 7048620 TI - Development of lung surgery in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7048621 TI - A comparison of acylated streptokinase-plasminogen complex and streptokinase in healthy volunteers. AB - The in vivo effects on the fibrinolytic and coagulation system of infusion acylated streptokinase-plasminogen complex (BRL 26921; 5, 7 and 12 mg) or streptokinase (250,000 u) were determined in healthy male volunteers. While this dose of streptokinase resulted in depletion of plasminogen and antiplasmin, and in some cases of fibrinogen and coagulation factors V and VIII, the equivalent 7 mg dose of BRL 26921 had little effect on these parameters. 12 mg BRL 26921 had some systemic effects on the fibrinolytic system. For initial clinical studies a dose of 10 mg BRL 26021 would seem appropriate. Both drugs induced an anamnestic rise in streptokinase antibody, whereas no change in liver function tests were observed. A delayed mild febrile reaction was observed in some subjects following infusion of streptokinase or BRL 26921. Clinical, laboratory, and subjective monitoring revealed no other adverse effects with either drug. PMID- 7048622 TI - Effect of prostacyclin on fibrinolytic activity in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans. PMID- 7048623 TI - Comparison between the antiaggregating effect of ticlopidine in whole blood, platelet-rich plasma and washed platelets of the rat. AB - Ticlopidine, an inhibitor of platelet activation enhances the antiaggregating effect of prostaglandins (PG) E1 and I2 when applied to rat whole blood or platelet-rich plasma. Aggregation by ADP was inhibited to a similar extent when evaluated on whole blood and on PRP of ticlopidine-treated rats showing that circulating PGs are probably not directly responsible for the antiaggregating effects of the drug. When platelets collected from ticlopidine-treated rats were separated from their plasma, they became largely refractory to ADP. PGE2 was equally effective in potentiating platelet aggregation of washed platelets of treated and untreated animals, but failed to fully restore the impaired responsiveness to ADP of washed platelets from ticlopidine-treated rats. Our results indicate that ticlopidine does not prevent platelet aggregation by enhancing the antiaggregating effect of circulating PGs, and that ticlopidine or a metabolite, interact directly with the rat platelet, reducing its responsiveness to ADP. PMID- 7048624 TI - [Use of ADP in intensive care medicine]. PMID- 7048625 TI - [The effect of naproxen suppositories on postoperative pain and edema compared with oxyphenbutazone and placebo. A single blind pilot project in rheumatoid surgery]. PMID- 7048627 TI - [Pain control from the neurosurgical viewpoint]. PMID- 7048626 TI - [Use of various methods of sampling and various culture media in the isolation of Bordetella bronchiseptica from swine in the field (author's transl)]. AB - During eleven visits to nine pig-breeding farms and multiplying herds, 190 piglets were sampled by three different methods. The nares were separately sampled and both nares were sampled with a single swab. Three media were used to discover which method and which medium produced the highest isolation-score for Bordetella bronchiseptica (BB). The CDI-Mac Conkey (McC-CDI) plate was used as a reference medium and was compared with the Gezondheidsdienst Mac Conkey (McC-GD) and the new Bordetella plate (Bord.pl). Of the 570 samples collected 303 were positive for Bordetella bronchiseptica. When the McC-CDI BB was used, the score was 286, when the McC-GD was used, it was 264 and when the Bord.pl. was used 277, and BB was present on each of the three plates in 243 cases. When both nares of each piglet were separately sampled, 94 per cent, 87 per cent and 85 per cent of the BB positive-piglets were found to be positive with respectively McC-CDI, McC GD and the Bord.pl. Sampling each nare with one swab, produced an average BB score of approximately 80 per cent and both nares with a single swab approximately 85 per cent of the BB-positive pigs. Statistical testing showed the McC-CDI to be significantly (P = 0,05) superior to the Bord.pl. PMID- 7048628 TI - Effect of captopril on blood pressure and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in hypertensive patients on hemodialysis. AB - We have performed a long-term (6-16 months) administration of captopril in 6 hypertensive patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. They were divided into two groups according to the basal renin levels (pretreatment plasma renin activity, PRA), that is, high PRA group (3 patients) and normal PRA group (3 patients). 1) In the high PRA group efficient reduction of blood pressure was obtained by small doses of captopril. In the normal PRA group, however, slight or no pressure reduction was observed. Appropriate initial dose was 10-15 mg/day and maintenance one was 75 mg/day in high PRA group. 2) Hemodialysis potentiated the hypotensive action of captopril in the high PRA group through massive removal of sodium and water. 3) In the normal PRA group PRA was regulated by serum sodium concentration and the plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was by serum potassium concentration, but in the high PRA group PRA and PAC were mainly regulated by captopril itself. 4) In one patient an adverse reaction consisting of strong bradycardia, dyspnea, chest pain and cold sweat was observed soon after the start of captopril medication. From these results, it was concluded that captopril was as excellent drug for the control of severe hypertension in dialysed patients having a high basal renin level. PMID- 7048629 TI - Protease activities in the spicule venom of Euproctis caterpillars. AB - The spicule venoms of Euproctis chrysorrhoea and Euproctis subflava were investigated for their capacity to hydrolyze chromogenic tripeptide substrates with selective affinities for various serine proteases. Seven substrates were assayed with affinities for trypsin and thrombin, trypsin and urokinase, serine proteases, chymotrypsin, glandular kallikrein, plasma kallikrein and plasmin. Venom material has a broad spectrum of affinities for the substrates with relative high plasma kallikrein activities. In E. chrysorrhoea venom, trypsin like activities predominated, whereas E. subflava venom hydrolyzed, in preference, substrates with an affinity for chymotrypsin. The venoms were fractionated on Sephadex G-100, leading to three fractions, all having serine protease activity. The ratios of substrate specificities were markedly different, indicating that in both caterpillar venom preparations at least two separate serine proteases are present. In addition, in human plasma, inhibitor activity could be detected to the kallikrein activity of E. chrysorrhoea, but not of E. subflava. The trypsin-like activity was not inhibited by human plasma. These and earlier studies warrant the assumption that serine proteases, particularly kallikrein, are major factors in the elicitation of clinical symptoms observed after contact with caterpillar spicules. PMID- 7048630 TI - Effects of endotoxin tolerance on hepatic excretory function: in vivo study. AB - Induction of endotoxin tolerance in rats led to reductions in bile flow and BSP excretion. BSP serum retention or storage of BSP in the liver was not affected. Although serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was slightly elevated in endotoxin-tolerant rats, the levels of serum aspartate amino-transferase (AST) and hepatic 5'-nucleotidase were normal. These in vivo data support the validity of in vitro studies demonstrating the cholestatic effect of endotoxin and the viewpoint that endotoxin may be responsible for the cholestatic jaundice associated with Gram-negative bacterial infections. PMID- 7048631 TI - Role of glutathione in liver-mediated mutagenicity of acrylonitrile. AB - The mutagenic activity of acrylonitrile (ACN) towards the Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1530 was evaluated after a short preincubation time in liquid medium in the presence of microsomes, cytosolic fractions and post-mitochondrial fractions of liver from untreated and phenobarbitone (PB)-pretreated rats and mice. The effect of the presence of glutathione (GSH) was also examined. GSH enhanced the microsomal-mediated mutagenicity of ACN; that effect was abolished in the presence of CO. The effect of GSH was usually greater after pretreatment by phenobarbitone. Other sulfhydryl compounds induce a weaker mutagenic activity than GSH. These observations support the hypothesis of a mediated formation of a mutagen involving GSH, but the adduct between ACN an GSH was not mutagenic. PMID- 7048632 TI - Mutagenicity of three aromatic amines in the presence of fractions from various tissues. AB - The mutagenic activity of 2-aminofluorene, 4-aminobiphenyl and 3,2' dimethylaminobiphenyl towards Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1538 was tested in the presence of post-mitochondrial fractions of liver, kidney, intestine, colon and testicle from untreated and pretreated rats. The metabolic activation capacity of these various fractions was very different. In the experimental conditions, no relationship was found between the mutagenic activity and the carcinogenicity of the three aromatic amines. PMID- 7048633 TI - Liver membrane autoantibodies: methods for their detection and clinical significance. AB - There is a growing evidence suggesting that immunological reactions against liver membrane antigens are involved in the process of ongoing hepatic injury in chronic active liver diseases (CALD). Liver specific lipoprotein (LSP) has been described as one of the target antigens of the liver cell membrane. Autoantibodies against LSP (anti-LSP) are predominantly directed against organ specific determinants of a low density LSP subfraction (1.08-1.10 g/ccm). Anti LSP detected in acute viral hepatitis are mainly directed against species specific, whereas those in chronic active hepatitis are mainly directed against non-species-specific, determinants of the LSP complex. Further liver membrane autoantibodies were found to react with additional antigens of the hepatocellular membrane (LM-Ag). These liver membrane autoantibodies (LMA) are disease-specific for autoimmune type CALD. The detection of liver membrane autoantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence on isolated rabbit hepatocytes (LMA-test) is clinically important since this subgroup of CALD does well respond to immunosuppressive therapy. It is still unknown, however, whether these liver membrane autoantibodies are really involved in the immunopathogenesis of CALD via antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or whether they are a phenomenon secondary to liver cell destruction. Nevertheless they represent diagnostic markers by which one can classify subgroups of CALD with different etiologies. A further characterization of liver membrane antibody-antigen systems could lead to a more precise evaluation of the clinical relevance of liver membrane autoantibodies. PMID- 7048634 TI - A case report of Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis associated with a postbulbar duodenal ulcer. AB - We experienced an adult patient with Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP) nephritis associated with a postbulbar duodenal ulcer. Chronic inflammatory changes of the arterioles (i.e. vasculitis) in the kidney and skin were prominently observed by immunofluorescence and light microscopic analysis. It is postulated that a postbulbar duodenal ulcer occurred in this patient and was mediated by vascular deposition of circulating immune complexes. It was suggested that HSP nephritis is a diffuse vascular form of IgA nephropathy. PMID- 7048635 TI - Therapeutic effects of a new, anti-allergic ophthalmic preparation. AB - A 0.1% Ketotifen ophthalmic preparation was evaluated in 11 cases of conjunctivitis due to Japanese cedar pollinoisis (three cases also associated with vernal catarrh). The following results were obtained concerning the safety and the therapeutic efficacy of the preparation. (1) In the computation of the overall effects of the preparation, a marked therapeutic effect was noted in three out of 11 cases studied while one case remained unaffected. The overall effective rate was computed to be 91%. (2) The time required for the preparation to take effect was found to be 3 days or less in seven cases (70.0%) out of 10 in which therapeutic effects were noted. (3) In observations of the adverse effects of the preparation, transient irritation at the site of application was noted in seven cases. No other serious side effects were recorded. From the above results, it was concluded that the present preparation is an effective therapeutic agent for conjunctivitis caused by pollinosis. PMID- 7048636 TI - A double blind study comparing the local anaesthetic efficacy of 3 per cent Mepivacaine with 2 per cent Mepivacaine containing a vasoconstrictor. PMID- 7048637 TI - South African Standard. Code of practice for denture identification marking. SABS 0178--1981. PMID- 7048638 TI - [Whole-body irradiation in case of malignant lymphomas of low malignancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048639 TI - [Studies about combined lesions - 30th communication. Activation and inhibition of blood-coagulation after whole-body irradiation combined with trauma (author's transl)]. AB - 45 rabbits of both sexes were divided into five groups. Animals were sham irradiated, inflicted with an autologous haematoma as a trauma, whole-body irradiated with 500 RX-rays, and inflicted with a combination of irradiation and autologous haematoma or skin-wound. Already 24 hr after irradiation a highly significant prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin-time was observed. The concentrations of factor X and fibrinogen increased in all irradiated animals 24 hr after irradiation. Following the combination injury of irradiation and skin-wound such increases were significantly higher than those after irradiation alone. The activities of antithrombin III and antiplasmin, measure with chromogen substrates, rose after irradiation as well as after combined injuries. In spite of the increased level of fibrinogen we could register hypocoagulability with significant increase of activation as well as of inhibition of the plasmatic coagulation system 24 hr after combined injuries. PMID- 7048640 TI - [Prof. Dr. med. Alfred Breit's 60th anniversary]. PMID- 7048641 TI - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography: an index of collateral cerebral blood flow in internal carotid artery occlusion. AB - The objective of this investigation was to correlate Xenon-133 inhalation rCBF measurements with the pattern of cortical arterial filling on intravenous DSA in 18 patients with unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion. Of 9 patients showing symmetrical filling of hemispheric cortical arteries, none showed an inter-hemispheric difference in rCBF ( delta Fg) greater than 10ml/100gm/min. Of 9 patients showing delayed cortical opacification ipsilateral to the internal artery occlusion, 3 showed a delta Fg greater than 10ml/100gm/min, 3 showed a delta Fg in the 7-10ml/100gm/min range, and 3 had a delta Fg less than 7ml/100gm/min. All patients with asymmetric abnormalities in the rCBF profile had the delayed pattern of cortical filling on DSA. The presence of symmetrical hemispheric opacification of cortical arteries on DSA indicates adequate interhemispheric redistribution of rCBF and patent inter-hemispheric collateral channels, but not necessarily normal cerebral blood flow. The presence of delayed cortical arterial opacification on the side of internal carotid artery occlusion does not necessarily imply significant inter-hemispheric rCBF differences, nor does it rule out a normal rCBF. The presence of bilateral reduction of rCBF and symmetrical cortical artery filling on DSA may represent an "interhemispheric steal". PMID- 7048642 TI - [Genetically determined characteristics of alcohol enzyme metabolism and their significance for expertise in alcoholic intoxication]. PMID- 7048643 TI - [30th anniversary of the activities of the Estonian branch of the All-Union Society of Forensic Physicians]. PMID- 7048644 TI - [The centennial of the Dental School of Geneva. Pulp-dentin biology at the time of the establishment of the Dental School of Geneva (21 October 1881)]. PMID- 7048645 TI - Doxycycline. AB - The chemistry, mode of action, antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic efficacy of doxycycline are reviewed. Doxycycline displays excellent activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic pathogens. The oral absorption of doxycycline is rapid and virtually complete and is not significantly decreased by food. Moreover, serum concentrations of doxycycline following oral and intravenous (i.v.) administration are comparable. Because of the prolonged half-life of doxycycline, once daily administration is possible. Tissue penetration of doxycycline is excellent. Levels within the therapeutic range have been found in most organs and tissues, including kidney, lung, gallbladder, prostate, intestinal tract, myocardium, sinus secretions, tonsil, aqueous humor, and female reproductive tissue. Doxycycline does not accumulate in patients with renal insufficiency and is not removed from the blood to any great extent during hemodialysis. Extensive clinical investigation has shown doxycycline to be highly effective in infections of the respiratory tract, including atypical pneumonias; skin and soft tissue; genitourinary infection including gonorrhea, syphilis, nonspecific urethritis, and prostatitis; intraabdominal infection due to trauma, sepsis, or surgery; and cholera. Evidence also suggests that doxycycline will prove effective in the treatment of Legionnaires' disease. In addition, placebo-controlled clinical trials suggest doxycycline is effective in the prevention of traveler's diarrhea. PMID- 7048646 TI - Minocycline. AB - Minocycline, a second generation tetracycline derivative, was first introduced in 1967. The following review considers the physiochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, antimicrobial activity, clinical uses, and adverse effects of minocycline. Excellent tissue and secretion penetration due to its higher lipid solubility, good broad spectrum activity, superior gastrointestinal absorption, decreased alteration of the fecal flora, and prolonged half-life, are properties that make minocycline a unique antimicrobial agent. Despite these exceptional characteristics, minocycline remains an infrequently used agent because of the availability of alternate drugs and the vestibular dysfunction associated with its administration. PMID- 7048647 TI - Evaluation of three gentamicin serum assay techniques. AB - This investigation was designed to compare the enzyme-modified immunoassay (Syva- EMIT) with a radioimmunoassay (New England Nuclear--RIA) and the radiometric assay (Johnston--BACTEC) to determine the optimal assay for use in our aminoglycoside dosing service. The serum concentration determinations obtained via the three assay methods were analyzed by linear regression analysis. Significant positive correlations were noted between the three assay techniques (p less than 0.005) during both sample collection phases. The coefficients of determination for EMIT vs BACTEC and RIA vs BACTEC were 0.73 and 0.83 during phase 1, respectively, and 0.65 and 0.68 during phase 2, respectively. The slope of the regression lines also varied markedly during the two phases; 0.49 and 0.42 for EMIT and for RIA vs BACTEC, respectively, during phase 1 compound with 1.12 and 0.77, respectively, during phase 2. The differences noted in these relationships during phase 1 and 2 may be related to the alteration of the pH of the control sera utilized in the BACTEC assay. In contrast, RIA vs EMIT regression analysis indicated that existence of a highly significant relationship (p less than 0.0005 and r2 = 0.90). The EMIT technique was the easiest and most accurate for determination of serum gentamicin concentrations, whereas the BACTEC method was judged unacceptable for clinical use. PMID- 7048648 TI - Experimental leprosy with Mycobacterium lepraemurium in hairless mice (Mus musculus). AB - Forty-three homozygous albino hairless mice (Mus musculus) were inoculated intradermally on the head, back, sides and base of the tail with suspensions of lepromatous tissue containing numerous Mycobacterium lepraemurium (Hawaiian strain). Visible nodules were noted in all mice. These lepromatous nodules enlarged slowly and often merged with each other, covering up to two thirds of the dorsum. Several mice became blind during the course of the infection. All of the mice died or were killed 68 to 287 days following inoculation. Post-mortem examinations on representative mice showed, in addition to observed cutaneous lesions, generalized systemic murine leprosy. Smears and histological sections from nodules, skin, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidney, heart and lung were positive for acid-fast bacilli. The cysts in the skin (which are degenerated hair follicles filled with keratin-like material and which are one of the characteristics of hairless mice) contained scattered acid-fast bacilli, but no acid-fast globi. Ten mice with hair (M. musculus) which were used as controls did not reveal noticeable cutaneous nodules; however, all developed generalized visceral leprosy similar to that of the hairless M. musculus. Thus, hairless mice (with thymus) can be looked upon as a model for studying experimental cutaneous leprosy. PMID- 7048649 TI - Successful cryopreservation of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae. AB - A fast freezing technique developed by James (1981) significantly improved the yield of schistosome larvae that could be stored in liquid nitrogen. This was adapted by Ham et al. (1981) to the freezing of microfilariae of Onchocerca spp. with excellent results. They found 70 to 80% of the cryopreserved larvae remained viable using this method and since then Ham (personal communication) has successfully applied the same technique to Brugia malayi microfilariae. The further application to Wuchereria bancrofti is described. PMID- 7048650 TI - The production of mature gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum in continuous cultures of different isolates infective to mosquitoes. AB - In vitro gametocytogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum was observed in all 22 isolates established in this laboratory. Gametocytes were produced in variable numbers--up to 3% of red cells--for a limited period of time after which this stage was seen only very sporadically. Complete maturation of microgametocytes in vitro was obtained in all 14 of the isolates that were tested for exflagellation. Up to 88.2% of membrane-fed Anopheles stephensi were infected from material produced in culture. It was also possible to infect A. gambiae and A. freeborni. Addition of fresh red cells and serum to culture material promoted infectivity of gametocytes. Gametocyte infectivity declined rapidly with time in the membrane feeders held at 38 degrees C. PMID- 7048651 TI - Asynchronous maturation of Plasmodium berghei exo-erythrocytic forms in rats. AB - Sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei berghei (NK-65 strain) were inoculated intravenously into four-week-old CFN rats. Liver biopsies were taken at intervals and the density of exo-erythrocytic forms per mm3 of liver were estimated. Results demonstrated asynchronous maturation and the gradual disappearance of exo erythrocytic forms during the period 48 to 72 hours after infection. PMID- 7048652 TI - Contamination of weaning foods and transmission of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea in children in rural Bangladesh. AB - In longitudinal studies of infectious diseases and nutrition in Bangladesh, we determined the degree of bacterial contamination of traditional weaning foods and evaluated the role of these foods in the transmission of diarrhoeal diseases. 41% of samples of food items fed to weaning aged children contained Escherichia coli; these organisms were used as indicators of faecal contamination. Milk and foods prepared particularly for infants were more frequently and heavily contaminated with E. coli than was boiled rice, and E. coli levels were found to be related to the storage of cooked foods at high environmental temperatures. 50% of drinking water specimens also contained E. coli, but colony counts were approximately 10 fold lower than in food specimens. The proportion of a child's food samples that contained E. coli was significantly related to the child's annual incidence of diarrhoea associated with enterotoxigenic E. coli. This observation underscores the importance of seeking locally available foods that are hygienic as well as nutritious to supplement the diets of breastfeeding children in developing countries. PMID- 7048653 TI - Enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli isolated from acute gastroenteritis patients in Lagos, Nigeria. AB - Enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli were isolated from 52 (4.8%) of 1,082 patients with acute gastroenteritis reporting at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria between October 1979 and March, 1981. Of the 52 strains of E. coli isolated, 35 (67.3%) were enteropathogenic, 12 (23.1%) were enterotoxigenic and five (9.6%) were enteroinvasive. E. coli 0111 (25.7%) was the most predominant among the serotypes of the "classical" enteropathogenic strains found in this study. Diarrhoea associated with enteropathogenic E. coli occurred only in children aged less than five years, whereas enterotoxigenic and enteroinvasive E. coli were found primarily in adults. The study has highlighted for the first time the important role that enterotoxigenic and enteroinvasive E. coli strains could play in acute diarrhoeal diseases in Lagos, Nigeria. PMID- 7048654 TI - Mosquito transmission of cultured Plasmodium falciparum. PMID- 7048655 TI - Requirement to confirm the specificity of ELISA reactions. PMID- 7048656 TI - Possible sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria from Kenya. PMID- 7048657 TI - Prophylactic granulocyte transfusions: results of a randomized controlled trial in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - A prospective randomized and controlled clinical trial of prophylactic granulocyte transfusions was conducted in an attempt to reduce the mortality from infection in newly diagnosed adults with acute myelogenous leukemia. Granulocytes were harvested from normal donors by cytapheresis, and transfused patients received a median of 1.45 x 10(10) granulocytes (range 0.28--3.45 x 10(10)) on alternate days during marrow aplasia caused by initial induction chemotherapy. Transfusion were started if the absolute peripheral granulocyte count was less than 500 microliters. Thirteen patients received from one to 12 granulocyte transfusions, and 11 control patients received no granulocytes. No significant advantage was demonstrated in the transfused patients compared with controls with regard to the following: 1) deaths due to infection, 2) reduction in the frequency of febrile episodes, 3) delay in the onset of fever, 4) reduction in the length of febrile episodes, or 5) reduction in the frequency of proven infection. PMID- 7048658 TI - Selection of compatible kidney donors for recipients with multiple cytotoxic antibodies. AB - Cytoxic antibodies developed in 33 (14.6%) of 226 renal transplant candidates while awaiting transplantation. Antibody formation was not associated with primary kidney disease, nor was the frequency of antibody formation increased following deliberate transfusion. Analysis of the HLA types of panel cells against which cytotoxic sera failed to react predicted donor kidney antigens which would be acceptable to the recipient. Crossmatching with all stored, reactive serum samples as well as a current sample, is imperative. PMID- 7048659 TI - Migration patterns of lymphocytes in untreated and immunologically manipulated recipients of organ allografts. AB - We have investigated the migration patterns of normal LEW rat splenic lymphocytes (SLs) radiolabeled in vitro with [2-3H]adenosine and adoptively transferred i.v. into LEW hosts bearing LBNF1 heterotopic cardiac allografts. Twenty-four hours after cell transfer, the animals were killed and the radioactivity of all lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues measured in a beta counter. The following experimental groups were studied: group 1, untreated recipients acutely rejecting their grafts at 7 days after transplantation; group 2, actively and passively enhanced recipients bearing long-term surviving grafts, at 7, 14 to 18, and 25 days; group 3, cyclosporin A-treated recipients; and group 4, B rats, each bearing indefinitely surviving grafts, at 7 and 20 to 30 days. In group 1, 28% of recoverable activity was found in spleen and 22% in mesenteric and peripheral lymph nodes. In animals with well functioning grafts of groups 2 and 3, SLs accumulated in both organs equally (25 to 27%). In animals in group 4, SLs migrated primarily to lymph nodes (30%) and away from spleen (20%). Sequestration in nonlymphoid tissues of animals experiencing graft rejection was higher than those with prolonged or indefinitely surviving hearts. By using mouse anti-rat monoclonal antibodies, the quantitative relationship between T cell subpopulations in transferred cell suspensions and in lymphoid organs of grafted hosts was also assessed. Lymphocyte migration patterns are influenced dramatically by the immunological status of recipients of vascularized organ allografts. PMID- 7048660 TI - Monocytotoxic antibodies after bone marrow transplantation in aplastic anemia. AB - Pre- and post transplant sera from 51 cases of bone marrow transplants performed for severe aplastic anemia were tested on monocytes (M) and corresponding B cells (B) from a panel of unrelated donors. One-third of the sera were cytotoxic for B and M either from different or from the same individuals, while 45% reacted only to M and appeared to recognize non-HLA M-associated antigens. No significant reaction to endothelial cells was obtained from these sera. The subsequent clinical course was not associated with any reaction pattern of pre-transplant sera. There was a significant relationship between rejection and the development of M antibodies after grafting, but since these were also found in many other patients without rejection, their occurrence has no predictive value for an individual patient. PMID- 7048661 TI - Association of anti-F(ab')2 antibodies with higher kidney transplant survival rates. AB - When the pretransplant sera of cadaver donor transplant patients were divided into 132 with anti-F(ab')2 (Fab) antibodies and 121 without anti-Fab antibodies, those patients with the antibodies had a 2-year graft survival rate of 59.7 +/- 4.6% (+/- SE) as compared with 34.0 +/- 5.0 % (+/- SE) for those without antibodies (P less than 0.001). This difference was greater when the patients were further classified by whether they had antibodies reactive to B lymphocytes in the cold. Patients with anti-Fab antibodies and B-cold antibodies had a 2-year graft survival of 81.3 +/- 9.8% as compared with 15.7 +/- 7.9% for patients without anti-Fab antibodies and with B-cold antibodies. We suggest that these anti-immunoglobulin antibodies may function in some immunoregulatory role. The number of transfusions was not directly related to the frequency of occurrence of these antibodies. PMID- 7048663 TI - A monoclonal antibody (DT-2) recognizing canine T lymphocytes. AB - A murine monoclonal antibody (DT-2) is described which has been raised against canine thymocytes. DT-2 activates complement and is reactive with most canine thymocytes, peripheral blood T cells, thoracic duct lymphocytes, bronchoalveolar lymphocytes, and T chronic lymphatic leukemia cells. The antibody is nonreactive with surface immunoglobulin-positive blood lymphocytes, monocytes, bronchoalveolar macrophages, null acute lymphatic leukemia cells, granulocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets. In mixed lymphocyte cultures DT-2 and complement eliminate the responding but not the stimulating cell population. Mitogen stimulation (phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A) experiments revealed that the responding cell affected by DT-2 is of lymphoid and not of monocyte/macrophage origin. All our data suggest that DT-2 is an antibody reacting specifically with canine T cells. PMID- 7048664 TI - Evaluation of antithymocyte globulin for human bone marrow transplantation. Antihematopoietic and immunosuppressive activity. AB - Antihematopoietic stem cell activity and immunosuppressive activity were evaluated before and after absorption of horse antihuman thymocyte globulin (ATG) with mature granulocytes and fetal liver cells. Unabsorbed ATG was cytotoxic to committed myeloid-macrophage progenitors (CFU-C). Absorption of ATG removed cytotoxicity to CFU-C. The immunosuppressive potentials of absorbed ATGs were identical to those of unabsorbed ATG in several tests. Primary response to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified autologous and allogeneic cells could be suppressed by treatment with ATG alone whereas suppression of secondary and cytotoxic responses required treatment with ATG and complement. These data indicate that unsensitized or undifferentiated T cells may be more sensitive to ATG than are sensitized or differentiated T cells. PMID- 7048662 TI - Studies on the survival of simultaneous canine renal and segmental pancreatic allografts. AB - Prolonged survival of the vascularized free-draining intraperitoneal pancreatic segmental allografts (FDPS) has been observed previously in immunosuppressed beagle littermates matched for low mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reactivity. When rejection (hyperglycemia) did occur, it was abrupt, unpredictable, and irreversible. This contrasts with renal allograft rejection in which elevations of serum creatinine are reversible with increased immunosuppression. In the present experiments, low MLC-reactive littermate pairs underwent simultaneous transplantation of kidney and FDPS allografts from the same donor. Increases in serum creatinine from 0.5 mg/dl to 1.5 mg/dl (renal rejection) occurred 4 to 5 days after transplantation (mean = 20.5 +/- 4.1) and preceded the onset of hyperglycemia by 6 to 22 days (mean = 1.06 +/- 4.6) in nonimmunosuppressed animals. At the onset of kidney rejection but before hyperglycemia developed, renal allograft biopsies revealed generalized mononuclear infiltration, while FDPS biopsies showed diffuse interstitial infiltration, but islets of Langerhans appeared to be spared. Treatment intervention with azathioprine and corticosteroids at the time of creatinine elevation prevented the onset of hyperglycemia from 46 to greater than 260 days in four of nine animals. Biopsies after 2 weeks of therapy showed resolution of the lymphoid infiltrates in the kidney and limitation of infiltrates to perivascular areas in the FDPS allografts. Immunological monitoring of peripheral blood lymphocyte function demonstrated the development of positive in vitro cell-mediated lymphocytoxicity shortly before the onset of hyperglycemia but only after creatinine elevation was well established and biopsies revealed evidence of rejection in both the renal and FDPS allografts. PMID- 7048665 TI - Use of digital subtraction angiography for the evaluation of living related renal transplant donors. PMID- 7048666 TI - Erythrocyte agglutinins in a renal transplant patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7048668 TI - Chemotherapy with diethylcarbamazine and levamisole in Bancroftian filariasis. AB - Field trials in which spaced doses of DEC were given once weekly, monthly or bi monthly (or combinations of these intervals) cleared microfilariae (mf) of Wuchereria bancrofti from the blood in 78% if persons examined at six months. This reduction of microfilaraemia was maintained at a four years follow up examination. All regimens were well tolerated. In areas where mf rates were less than 12% a total dose of 36-48 mg/kg of DEC was effective. Higher doses (72 mg/kg) are required where mf rates are greater than 20%. The results of administering an oral dose of levamisole (3 mg/kg) prior to daily doses of DEC (6 mg/kg/day/7) were no better at the 2 month examination compared to the results following a similar regimen of DEC without prior administration of levamisole. Retreatment with DEC (6 mg/kg/day/7) of persons having microfilaraemia four years after initial treatment with this drug resulted in mf clearance in 94% of subjects. PMID- 7048667 TI - [Serological cross-reactions between Echinococcus multilocularis and Dipetalonema viteae infected rodents (author's transl)]. AB - Sera from 30 E. multilocularis infected NMRI-mice and 30 D. viteae infected golden hamsters were tested in the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFAT) and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) tests. In the IFAT there were cross-reactions with all sera, but there were differences between the average titres. While filarial antisera gave higher titres in the homologous system (1:640 against 1:80), it was the opposite with Echinococcus antisera (1:160 against 1:640). Other differences referred to the parasite structures which fluoresced: using Echinococcus antigen the homologous sera gave a bright fluorescence of the outer protoscolex layers including the hooks, while Dipetalonema antisera showed fluorescence of the protoscolex parenchyma only. Thus it is easy to distinguish between homologous and heterologous reactions. Corresponding differences could not be found when using Dipetalonema antigen. In the IHA tests with E. granulosus antigen, which showed an average titre of 1:640 witch E. multilocularis sera, there were few cross-reactions, only 4 out of 30 Dipetalonema antisera giving a positive result. PMID- 7048669 TI - [Comparative immunofluorescent-histological investigations on 7 nematode species in respect to its antigenic properties for differential diagnosis of nematode infections (author's transl)]. AB - Five nematode species of the Onchocercidae family and one from the Strongylidae and Trichuridae family were tested as antigen in the immunofluorescence test (IIFT) against reference sera from six nematode infections. The localisation of the cytosomal antigen antibody-reaction in the IIFT which was described on D. Viteae, was found to be the same for B. malayi, B. pahangi, L. carinii, O. volvulus and A. caninum. This test, just as egg membrane crude preparations of 5 nematodes from the Onchocercidae family, could not differentiate between W. bancrofti, onchocerciasis, loiasis and D. perstans sera. The cuticular fluorescence of five Onchocercidae species, which was observed only in frozen sections, appeared only with W. bancrofti-filariasis and onchocerciasis sera. T. spiralis larvae antigen exhibited only cuticular fluorescence in the frozen section, but in the case, however, against all reference sera. Trichinellosis patients' serum reacted on the other hand only with T. spiralis antigen. Uterine microfilaria from B. malayi, L. carinii, O. volvulus and D. viteae could differenciate species specifically between reference sera. PMID- 7048670 TI - Seroepidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in the Seychelles Islands. AB - Wuchereria bancrofti is the only human filarioid present in the Seychelles archipelago. The last parasitological survey carried out in Mahe revealed a microfilaraemia rate of 3.6%. Serum samples from 417 native individuals living in Mahe were tested for the presence of filarial antibodies by ELISA method, using crude soluble extract of Brugia pahangi adult worm as antigen. The results seem to show a proportion of the population (17%) has been exposed to W. bancrofti (with OD values greater than 0.5) and 7% (with OD greater than 0.7) have specific filarial antibodies. The pattern of distribution of antibody levels in the sample population studied strongly suggest that filariasis is still endemic in Seychelles (Mahe). PMID- 7048671 TI - The examination--time/dose interval in the provocation of nocturnally periodic microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti with diethylcarbamazine and the practical uses of the test. AB - The administration of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) in the daytime in areas where microfilariae (mf) of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi exhibit nocturnal periodicity provokes mf to enter the peripheral blood. The importance of relating the dose of DEC and time when the blood specimen is taken is emphasized. The main practical uses of this provocative day test are as a routine diagnostic tool, in estimating prevalence and density of mf in a community, as a preliminary screening method for assessing potential filaricides nd in evaluating the parasitological response to mass chemotherapy. PMID- 7048672 TI - Immunocytochemical studies on Dipetalonema viteae (Filarioidea). AB - The antigenic properties of adult male and female worms of the nematode Dipetalonema viteae (Filarioidea) were studied by immunocytochemistry. Using sera of rodents infected with this parasite, the binding of antibodies to sections of worms embedded in Epon was assayed by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique and by light microscopy. In female worms antigen-antibody reactions were located in the uterine fluid, the inner uterus wall, the circumference of the microfilariae and in the egg shell. Male D. viteae showed binding of antibodies in the vesica seminalis and in the vas deferens. Both sexes has also less pronounced antigenic activities in cuticula, muscle and intestine. PMID- 7048673 TI - Serodiagnosis of opisthorchis viverrini infestation by an enzyme immuno-assay. AB - The application of an enzyme immuno-assay is evaluated with regard to antibody reactivity to Opisthorchis viverrini antigen in 20 Laotian patients and control groups including patients with other helminthic infections as well as persons without parasitic infestation. It is concluded that the enzyme immuno-assay indicates infection by O. viverrini. In certain circumstances, which are discussed, the test may serve for valuation of treatment. PMID- 7048674 TI - [Information value of light scattering parameters in cell study (a review of the literature)]. AB - Different methods of light scattering measurements for cell suspension and cells in flow are reviewed. The intensity of light scattered at different angles suggests information about the cell size, the nucleus to cell diameter ratio, the thickness of surface membrane, the changes in the internal cell structure state, and about the heterogeneity of cell population. The efficiency of information obtained from the turbidity measurements depends on the geometry of the spectrophotometer. Measurements made with diaphragms allow us to get information about the mean size of biological particles, their form, refractive index, concentration etc. The main advantages of light scattering methods are their high sensitivity, a possibility to use the same species before and after the experiment, and a compatibility with other methods. PMID- 7048675 TI - [Structural changes in muscle fiber contractile proteins studied by polarization ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy. VI. Conformational restructurings of F-actin induced by the binding of heavy meromyosin]. AB - Decrease in tryptophan fluorescence anisotropy of a single ghost muscle fibre was found at the binding of heavy meromyosin (HMM) to actin. Polarized fluorescence revealed its peak changes at a molar ratio of HMM/actin equal to 0.1. The changes observed in polarized fluorescence at F-actin-HMM interaction were found to depend on the state of HMM. The changes in anisotropy fluorescence under the same conditions were assumed to be independent of tryptophane residues in HMM, reflecting cooperative changes in F-actin conformation. Changes in the conformation of F-actin are of great importance in muscular contraction. PMID- 7048676 TI - [Effect of extracts from loach eggs and embryos exposed to insulin on glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity]. AB - It is established that the incubation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase solution (33 micrograms of enzymic protein per 1 ml) with extracts of unfertilized loach eggs and embryos results in a marked stabilization of the enzyme with respect to its inactivation. Extracts from the embryos preliminary affected by insulin possessed a lower stabilizing ability, the hormonal effect being removed to a considerable extent by actinomycin D and cycloheximide. PMID- 7048677 TI - [Age aspects of iron transport and utilization]. AB - A problem is discussed on the iron deficiency available in an ageing organism and its connection with different metabolic disturbances. Both exo- and endogenic reasons responsible for the iron deficiency are analyzed in the age aspect. Special attention is paid to elucidation of the iron significance for biochemical mechanisms of the hemopoietic function disturbance, in particular of the erythron system, rather frequent at middle and senile age. PMID- 7048678 TI - Subepithelial electron-dense deposits in proliferative glomerulonephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Subepithelial electron-dense deposits (SED) were found in the renal biopsies of 36 of 59 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The SED were divided into two groups based on their ultrastructural appearance and distribution within the glomeruli. Type I SED were regular in size and shape, had a homogeneous electron density and a diffuse distribution within the glomeruli, and involved all of the glomeruli in the biopsy. In contrast, the type II SED were irregular in size and shape, tended to be quite large, and had variable electron density. They were present in reduced numbers in involved capillary loops, and they were absent from other loops within the same glomerulus. Type I SED were seen in cases of membranous SLE glomerulonephritis (GN), and type II SED were associated with severe proliferative SLE GN. Although the patients with proliferative GN had more active urinary sediments at the time of biopsy than did the patients with membranous GN, the mean serum creatinine and urinary protein excretion were not significantly different in the two groups. The mean followup was almost twice as long for the membranous compared to the proliferative lesions (33.70 months +/- SE 7.96 vs. 16.78 +/- 4.21), but at the end of the study, mean renal function was better preserved in patients with proliferative GN (2.13 mg/dl +/- SE 0.49). As a group, patients with type I SED had mild serologic abnormalities compared to patients with type II SED. In contrast the abnormal serologies of the patients with type II SED were not significantly different from patients with proliferative SLE GN in general. The results suggest that the heterogeneous morphology of SED may reflect different pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for their formation. When focal and segmental SED (type II) are seen in proliferative SLE GN, they should be interpreted with caution, for they have very different clinical, prognostic, and therapeutic implications from type I SED. PMID- 7048679 TI - [Do bulk preparations help in cases of recurrent abdominal pain in children? A controlled study]. PMID- 7048680 TI - [Treatment of obesity in general practice with femoxetine. A controlled clinical trial of the effects of femoxetine and placebo]. PMID- 7048681 TI - [Substitution of xylene by restilled petroleum in histological technic]. PMID- 7048682 TI - Bibliography of biomedical ultrasound from 1 January 1971, No. 30. PMID- 7048683 TI - [Psychological effects of running: review of the literature]. PMID- 7048684 TI - [Screening for pulmonary cancer: general considerations and recent data from the literature]. PMID- 7048685 TI - Emergencies in renal transplantation. PMID- 7048686 TI - Urologic sepsis. PMID- 7048687 TI - Emergency management of the injured ureter. PMID- 7048688 TI - Septic obstruction and uremia in the newborn. PMID- 7048689 TI - Sonographic criteria for renal allograft rejection. AB - In order to define sonographic criteria for acute rejection of renal allografts, the following sonographic criteria were evaluated: (a) parenchymal thickness, (b) index of maximal sagittal to maximal longitudinal diameter, (c) cortical echos, (d) sinus echo changes, and (e) the medullary pyramids. Thirteen kidneys were removed for rejection. All had ultrasound studies 24 hours preoperatively. The sonographic changes in rejected kidneys were compared to those in 21 normal allografts. We found that renal enlargement, enlarged medullary pyramids, and a reduction in or a disappearance of the sinus echos were seen in acute rejection but were not seen in normal renal transplants. We conclude that these criteria are early signs of acute rejection and may be helpful in diagnosis, particularly if control sonograms are available. PMID- 7048690 TI - [Urolithiasis in childhood]. AB - Our experience with 95 pediatric stone patients in the years 1960-1979 is presented. 2/3 of all stones were diagnosed in the pre-school age. Leading symptoms were infection, hematuria and abdominal pain. 52% of the stones were composed of phosphate. 87.5% of the children up to the age of 6 had urinary tract infection. Phosphate stones were mostly accompanied by urea-splitting organisms. An underlying cause for the stone formation could be found in 62% (urodynamic disturbances 32%, metabolic derangements 21%, proteus infection 8%, foreign body 1%). In 76% of the children the stones had to be removed surgically. The recurrence rate was 22% in 6.2 years. From our experience we recommend to use only a crystallographic stone analysis, to perform an exact metabolic check-up and a long term follow-up of the children. PMID- 7048691 TI - [Oxalate stone prophylaxis by alkalinizing therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Hypocitraturia was found in 75% of oxalate stone formers, and combined with hypercalciuria in 27%. By short-term alkalinizing therapy (3 weeks) with sodium potassium-citrate (Uralyt-U) a 118% increase in citrate- and a 29.5% decrease in calcium excretion could be achieved in 71 patients. There was no change in the 24 h urinary excretion of oxalate, urate, magnesium and phosphate. In 10 recurrent oxalate stone formers long-term (10 to 20 months) alkalinizing therapy was performed. The quantitative effect on the excretion of citrate and calcium remained unchanged. Seven patients, who have completed at least one year of therapy have had no recurrence of stones. PMID- 7048692 TI - Members: American Clinical and Climatological Association. PMID- 7048693 TI - John Gorrie. PMID- 7048694 TI - Rapid diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease. AB - An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect urinary antigen excreted by patients with Legionnaires' disease. Of 47 patients tested, antigen was detected in 39. Antigen was not detected in any of 178 urine specimens from patients with other pulmonary, bacteremic, or urinary tract infections after performance of a quick and simple confirmatory test. The assay required more time to perform than a previously described radioimmunoassay but was of equivalent sensitivity and specificity and did not require expensive equipment of contact with radioactive reagents. We conclude that enzyme linked immunosorbent assay is a rapid, sensitive, and specific means for rapidly diagnosing Legionnaires' disease which can be performed in clinical laboratories unwilling or unable to use radioisotopes. PMID- 7048695 TI - [Use of computerized audiometry for assessing the effectiveness of hearing aids in children]. PMID- 7048696 TI - [Characteristics of the amplitude-time parameters of the auditory evoked potentials in different forms of hearing loss]. PMID- 7048697 TI - [Detection of bound immunoglobulins (G, M and A) in nasal polyp tissue]. PMID- 7048698 TI - [Functional methods for the surgical treatment of laryngeal paralysis]. PMID- 7048699 TI - [Interfascicular nerve trunk suture in children]. PMID- 7048700 TI - [Treatment of cancer of the cervical and upper thoracic portions of the esophagus (review of the Soviet and foreign literatures)]. PMID- 7048701 TI - [Clinical evaluation of vagotomy in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7048702 TI - [Surgical treatment of bronchiectasis in children]. PMID- 7048703 TI - [Precepts of N. I. Pirogov and modern surgery]. PMID- 7048704 TI - [Centenary of the Pirogov Surgical Society]. PMID- 7048705 TI - [Sverdlovsk Province Society of Surgeons (on the 50th anniversary of its founding)]. PMID- 7048706 TI - [Surgical methods of "switching off" exocrine pancreas function]. PMID- 7048707 TI - [Conservative operations in distal rectal cancer]. PMID- 7048708 TI - [General proteolytic activity of the blood in patients after an operation]. AB - Changes in the level of general proteolytic activity of blood (GPAB) were studied in 32 patients after operations on lungs and organs of the abdominal cavity. The GPAB was found to elevate in 50% of patients in the postoperative period. Different pulmonary-pleural complications were detected only in this group of patients. In patients who had no elevation of the GPAB after operation no postoperative complications were found. The elevation of the general proteolytic activity of blood in patients creates favourable conditions for the development of postoperative complications. So, being aware of possible elevation of GPAB in patients it is possible to decrease the amount of postoperative complications by means of inactivators of enzymes. PMID- 7048709 TI - Techniques for enterotomy, decompression, and intestinal resection/anastomosis. PMID- 7048710 TI - Surgical approaches to and exploration of the equine abdomen. PMID- 7048711 TI - Dermatologic use of glucocorticoids. Systemic and topical. AB - In human medicine, about one-half of the prescriptions written by dermatologists is for glucocorticoids. Although such figures apparently are not available in veterinary medicine, certainly it would be safe to assume that the usage of glucocorticoids in dogs and cats at least paralles that in humans. In general, this is nothing to apologize for. Let's face it, where would we dermatologists (and our patients) be without "the silver bullet"! Strict attention to diagnosis and therapeutic adjuncts and alternatives, followed by careful adherence to all phases of appropriate glucocorticoid therapy, will usually result in the satisfactory management of many dermatoses. PMID- 7048712 TI - Review of glucocorticoid pharmacology. AB - Rational glucocorticoid therapy depends on a complicated interplay of many factors. An understanding of the physiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the comparative potencies, duration, and adverse effects of the available corticosteroid bases and their esters, and especially the specific goals of the therapy for a wide variety of diseases facilitates this therapy. It is impossible to make specific dose recommendations for glucocorticoid therapy. Individual patients and their various diseases respond differently to a given dose of glucocorticoid. PMID- 7048713 TI - Ophthalmic use of glucocorticoids. PMID- 7048714 TI - Treatment of immune-mediated disease. PMID- 7048715 TI - Pharmacologic control of estrus in bitch and queen. PMID- 7048716 TI - Induction of estrus and ovulation in the cat and dog. PMID- 7048717 TI - Mismating and termination of pregnancy. PMID- 7048718 TI - Oestrogen therapy without stilbenes. PMID- 7048719 TI - Variation in colony size of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides isolated form goats. PMID- 7048720 TI - Calving intervals of beef cows treated with either gonadotrophin releasing hormone or a progesterone releasing intravaginal device. AB - Over a two year period, 436 suckling beef cows were treated either with a progesterone releasing intravaginal device (PRID) for 10 days, or two injections of 0.25 mg gonadotrophin releasing (gn-RH) at an interval of 10 days, or left as controls. Treatment commenced between days 20 and 40 post partum and cows were subsequently mated naturally at oestrus. PRID treated cows showed a more synchronous onset of oestrus than the control or Gn-RH treated cows. There was no overall significant effect of either treatment on the mean calving interval, although in the first year PRID treatment before day 30 post partum reduced the mean calving interval by 12.8 days compared to the controls (P less than 0.05). Neither bodyweight nor body condition score had a significant effect on the calving interval. PMID- 7048721 TI - Idiotypes: their presence on B- and T-lymphocytes and their role in the regulation of the immune response. PMID- 7048722 TI - Organisation of the lymphoreticular system and lymphocyte markers in the pig. PMID- 7048723 TI - Regulation of lactate metabolism in the rumen. AB - The regulation of lactic acid production, the regulation of lactate fermentation and the role of lactate as intermediate in the rumen metabolism was studied. The pH had a pronounced effect on all three processes and therefore buffer capacity of the rumen contents is also described. Starch gave much less rise to lactic acidosis than soluble sugars, as glucose and fructose. Most bacteria grow faster and therefore produce more lactic acid when amino acids and/or soluble proteins are present in the diet. Activity of LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) of mixed rumen microorganisms is regulated by the NADH/NAD(H) balance and the ATP concentration. About 60% of the LDH in mixed rumen microorganisms is fructose-1, 6-diphosphate independent. Megasphaera elsdenii ferments 60 to 80% of the lactate fermented in the rumen of dairy cattle. Lactate accumulates only when the glycolytic flux (hexose units fermented per unit time per microorganism) is high. During adaptation, the glycolytic flux is increased and lactate may accumulate. After adaptation to a certain diet, the number of microorganisms is changed and the glycolytic flux again is normal and lactate is only a minor intermediate in rumen metabolism. PMID- 7048724 TI - Epidemiology of bovine malignant catarrhal fevers, a review. AB - The mode of transmission of malignant catarrhal fever virus (MCFV) from wildebeest to cattle has been obscure for some time. Recent studies on the virus shedding patterns of wildebeest have revealed that MCFV occur in nasal and ocular secretions of young wildebeest in a stable, cell-free state. Such cell-free virus is not found in the secretions of MCFV infected cattle. The findings indicate that MCFV is transmitted from wildebeest to cattle as cell-free virus shed in the secretions of young wildebeest calves and may explain the non-contagious nature of the disease in cattle. The mode of transmission of sheep-associated MCF has not been determined because the causative agent of this condition has not been isolated from either carrier sheep or sick cattle. PMID- 7048725 TI - Cell lines from sheep and cattle blood. AB - A simple and reproducible method of establishing cell lines from the blood of sheep and cattle is described. Buffy coat cells were allowed to adhere to plastic culture flasks in media containing 20 per cent autologous plasma overnight. The fluids were then replaced with growth medium supplemented with non-inactivated foetal calf serum, lamb serum or autologous serum. Ovine cell lines were established with any of the serum supplements but bovine cell lines established more readily if unheated autologous serum was used. PMID- 7048726 TI - [Trails with levamisole to stimulate immunity against Newcastle disease in poultry]. AB - Attempts to stimulate the immunity against Newcastle disease in birds aged 2 months, of the Leghorn breed, were carried out. It was found that levamisol at the rate of 3 mg/kg body weight given once, parenterally, 24 hours prior to or after the immunization of the birds with a live La Sota vaccine or given three times, parenterally or orally, did not stimulate the humoral immune response. No differences were found in the level of the total protein, protein fractions, and the titer of the hemagglutinating antibodies between the test and the control birds. There was, however, prolongation of the time of effective immunity in the levamisol-treated and vaccinated birds as against the birds that were vaccinated against Newcastle disease only. Discussed in the possible mechanism of stimulating the immunity with levamisol. PMID- 7048727 TI - The ultrastructure of human fibrosing alveolitis. AB - This report describes the ultrastructural findings in 37 patients who underwent open lung biopsy which yielded diagnoses of fibrosing alveolitis. A spectrum of lesions are categorized for the capillary endothelium and its basement membrane, the interstitial space and its fibrocellular components, and the alveolar epithelium and its basement membrane. The findings typify the different pulmonary cellular reactions to injury. Evidence for cellular regeneration and death in both epithelial and endothelial cell populations include atypical epithelial cell proliferation, capillary basement membrane multilamination, decrease in capillary lumen size and prominent pericytic ensheathment of pulmonary capillaries. Within the interstitium of the lung, proliferation of collagen and elastic fibers are documented, but in addition, abundant myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells are present. No ultrastructural evidence of immune complex deposition was found in this study. The morphologic findings of fibrosing alveolitis further support the widespread concept that the lung responds to various injuries in a similar manner and undergoes a common reparative response regardless of etiology. PMID- 7048728 TI - Unusual pulmonary vascular lesions after intravenous injections of microcrystalline cellulose. A complication of pentazocine tablet abuse. AB - We present the morphological features of a case of fatal pulmonary granulomatosis from illicit intravenous injections of microcrystalline cellulose derived from pentazocine tablets. Extensive foreign body granulomas were found in the lumena and walls of pulmonary vessels and in the pulmonary interstitium. Previously unreported gaps containing foreign material were found in the walls of medium sized muscular pulmonary arteries. This peculiar finding is discussed in the light of the possible mechanisms involved in the removal of embolized foreign material. PMID- 7048729 TI - Host receptor site for the short tail fibers of bacteriophage T4D. PMID- 7048730 TI - A monoclonal antibody detecting the adenovirus type 5-E1b-58Kd tumor antigen: characterization of the E1b-58Kd tumor antigen in adenovirus-infected and transformed cells. PMID- 7048731 TI - [Experimental and clinical study of a new immunoregulator preparation thymalin]. PMID- 7048732 TI - [Repair of medical stores during World War II]. PMID- 7048733 TI - [Hereditary enzymopathies: problems and prospects]. PMID- 7048734 TI - [Effect of periodate oxidation on activity of acid alpha-glucosidase from human liver]. AB - Treatment with sodium metaperiodate caused oxidation of carbohydrate residues in acid alpha-glucosidase (gamma-amylase). Efficiency of the oxidation was monitored by a decrease in specific binding of alpha-glucosidase with concanavaline A Sepharose. The degree of oxidation reached 96% in a medium containing 0,011 M NaIO4, pH 5.5, within 120 min. The residual activity of oxidized alpha glucosidase was about 77%. The rate of oxidation and residual enzymatic activity were shown to depend also on concentration of sodium metaperiodate and duration of the reaction. PMID- 7048735 TI - [Genetical heterogeneity of phenylketonuria]. AB - Data on genetic nature of phenylketonuria molecular mechanisms of its pathogenesis and approaches to treatment and prophylaxis of the disease are reviewed. Genetic heterogeneity of phenylketonuria, dependent on polylocus control of phenylalanine hydroxylase complex, is considered in detail. A possibility is discussed of the existence of the genetically different forms of phenylketonuria. Data on the molecular structure of phenylalanine hydroxylase and cooperative nature of its active site are discussed. Variations in pathogenesis of different forms of the phenylketonuria, theoretical and practical significance of these investigations are considered. PMID- 7048736 TI - [Summary insulin-like activity of the blood serum in breast cancer and in specific age-related pathology]. AB - Total insulin-like activity (ILA) was evaluated by biological testing blood serum on the basis of stimulation of glycogen synthesis in rat diaphragm in vivo. Glucose loading was followed by an increase in ILA and radioimmune insulin (RII) levels both in patients with breast fibroadenomatosis and healthy controls. However, the patients revealed an increased RII response matched by absence of ILA response, while the basal ILA was three times that in healthy controls. An elevated basal level of ILA was also observed in patients with coronary atherosclerosis and mental depression. Enhanced hyperinsulinism due to RII complementary factors, capable of insulin-like activity, may prove to be a factor in specific age-associated pathology (cancer, atherosclerosis, mental depression). PMID- 7048737 TI - [Potential use of bacterial mutagenic tests for screening chemical carcinogens]. PMID- 7048738 TI - IgG subclass levels in malaria-infected Nigerians. AB - IgG class and subclass levels were measured in the sera of malaria-infected patients who had high serum antibody titres (greater than or equal to 1 in 5,120) as well as in uninfected controls with low serum malaria antibody titres (less than or equal to 1 in 320). The malaria-infected patients had higher IgG and IgGI subclass levels than the uninfected controls (p less than 0.005). There was a slight diminution in the mean IgG3 concentration in the malaria-infected patients. PMID- 7048739 TI - [Pancreatic alpha cell function in Itsenko-Cushing disease]. PMID- 7048740 TI - [Development of therapeutic and preventive care for the population of the Ukrainian SSR in 1917-1940]. PMID- 7048741 TI - [Diagnostic value of ultrasound studies in gastroenterology]. PMID- 7048742 TI - [Results of ultrasonic diagnosis of patients with renal transplants]. AB - The echography of transplanted kidney is a modern noninvasive investigation method with significant information value. It is easily applicable even in cases of the gravest states of the patients, allowing the dynamic observation almost immediately in the post-transplantation period. The early and chronic crisis of transplant rejection is excellently diagnosed by echography as well as of perirenal liquid collections, arterial and venous thrombosis, obstructions of excretory ducts. Results are reported from 37 echographic examinations of II kidney transplanted patients, manifesting the following complications: 8 acute crises of transplant rejection, 6--acute tubular necrosis, 3--vascular thrombosis and renal infarctions, 2--perirenal collections. 3--lightly dilated pyelo-calix system. The majority of the echographic diagnoses were confirmed by clinical laboratory methods, X-ray examination methods and at operation. PMID- 7048743 TI - [Historical data on Balkan endemic nephropathy]. PMID- 7048744 TI - [Complications following renal transplantation]. PMID- 7048745 TI - [Beginnings of the Warsaw ambulance service]. PMID- 7048746 TI - [Early diagnosis of thyroid cancer in endemic goitre area reflections and management based on the epidemiological situation in Tyrol (author's transl)]. AB - Until recently the prognosis of thyroid cancer has been poor in this endemic goitre area due to the predominance of aggressive tumour types and belated diagnosis of the carcinoma. Iodine prophylaxis has changed this epidemiological profile: the mortality of goitre has generally decreased and there has been a relative increase in differentiated carcinomas. Preoperative diagnosis and operability have been favourably influenced by this new situation. Thus, whereas from 1960 to 1967 radical operation was impossible in 78.6% of thyroid cancers, between 1978 and 1981 only 12.4% of all cases had invasive tumours of distant metastases at the time of operation and 79.3% of all patients were staged as To 2N0Mo. An improvement in survival rate can be expected with early diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Nevertheless, individual prognostic statements can be made only after evaluation of these findings according to "prognostic systems", for in thyroid cancer--as in no other kind of carcinoma--prognosis is determined by a combination of the patient's age and sex, cell type and histological tumour pattern and TNM status. PMID- 7048747 TI - [Surgery as handicraft, surgery as art, surgery as science (author's transl)]. AB - The reputation of surgery is not only based on manual skill, though in the light of history the surgeon belonged rather to craft-gilds than to hippocratism. Not until the evolution of the whole medical science a new status of the surgeon was created. Today in a high degree he is a devoted servant to science, despite the priority of manual skill. An artist is praised for his brilliant abilities to manage problems by intuition, to improvise successfully, thus the surgeon can be designated as of congenial spirits. Examples describing the activities at the 2nd Surgical Clinic of the University of Vienna, illustrate these three virtues of surgery: manual skill, artistic work, scientific attitude. In this sense students as well as graduates should receive their education. In future the surgeon himself must guarantee by extreme personal engagement that this ideal conception of the surgical professional, criticising the methods of scholastic medicine, is maintained and can bear up against organization obstacles. PMID- 7048748 TI - [Double-blind comparative trial of lonazolac-Ca versus naproxen in spinal osteoarthrosis, coxarthrosis and gonarthrosis (author's transl)]. AB - Two groups of patients, each consisting of 20 patients suffering from spinal osteoarthrosis, coxarthrosis or gonarthrosis participated in a double-blind comparative trial. They received either Lonazolac-Ca (200 mg three times daily) or Naproxen (250 mg twice daily plus 1 placebo capsule in between doses) for three weeks. The therapeutic response was assessed by monitoring pain intensity at rest and on exercise, joint tenderness and joint movement, muscular tension, morning stiffness and walking ability. In spinal osteoarthrosis vertebral flexibility was also measured. Nine out of 11 parameters showed significant improvement with Lonazolac-Ca, whereas only 6 out of 11 improved with Naproxen. However, no clinically relevant differences were recorded between both medications. Laboratory tests in both treatment groups revealed no changes in haematological or biochemical parameters nor in urinanalysis results. Drug related gastro-intestinal side effects were observed in 2 patients of each treatment group. The patients on Lonazolac-Ca tolerated their medication with the aid of concomitant antacids whereas Naproxen had to be discontinued. One case of dermatitis, which was probably not drug-related was observed in each group. One patient suffering from migraine experienced vertigo and headache on taking Lonazolac-Ca; although this was probably not drug-related medication was discontinued. PMID- 7048749 TI - [Fibrin sealing in surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048750 TI - [Advances in the surgery of hip-joint fractures since W. Denk's era (author's transl)]. AB - On the occasion of the centenary of Prof. Dr. W. Denk's birth, a short survey is given of the advances in the surgical management of fractures in the region of the hip joint in the post-Denk era. It was Denk who encouraged his colleagues to undertake the first nailing of a collum femoris fracture according to Smith Peterson's method on December 26th, 1932 at his department. PMID- 7048751 TI - [The use of chromosome variants in clinical cytogenetics (author's transl)]. AB - Chromosome variants (= markers) are segments of variable length and staining properties which do not exert an apparent impact on the phenotype of the person. These variants mainly include centromeric segments on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 9, 13 15, 21, 22 and the distal long arm of the Y chromosome. Individual markers differ by their variable length and fluorescence intensity following Q-staining. Inheritance is dominant, and fresh mutations occur very rarely indeed. Markers can be used for the following purposes: To demonstrate the take of a bone marrow transplant; to determine zygosity in like-sexed twins and paternity (both already feasible during the fetal period); to determine maternal versus paternal origin of additional chromosomes (trisomies), of de novo structurally altered chromosomes, and of haploid sets in triploidy and chimerism. PMID- 7048752 TI - [Vienna and Budapest in Semmelweis' life work]. AB - Both Budapest and Vienna played a dominant role in the life of Semmelweis and this fact should mean connection and not separation in scientific research and interpretation. The Hungarian capital was his birth place, the scene of his education and partly also of his university studies, the city where he became professor, wrote his papers, propagated his doctrine and became a partaker of the spiritual workshop of the Pest medical school. Vienna was the city where- impressed by the second Vienna medical school--his medical view was formed, the place of the conception of the "Semmelweis doctrine" and also of his tragic death. Born in a German speaking family which was deeply rooted in historical Hungary, he was bilingual through all his life, avowed himself however as Hungarian. It should be avoided to make him either a hero of the barricades or an opportunist. By defining the etiology of puerperal fever and by elaborating the methods of its prevention he became a great figure of scientific research. As to the essence of the Semmelweis doctrine there is no place for debates of priority. The doctrine was confirmed in the era of bacteriology. PMID- 7048753 TI - [The 50th anniversary of the death of ALfred Grotjahn]. PMID- 7048754 TI - [Early diagnosis of infections following cardiac pacemaker implantation]. PMID- 7048755 TI - [Effects of Robert Koch and his theory on the development of general and public hygiene]. PMID- 7048756 TI - [Robert Koch and bovine tuberculosis]. PMID- 7048757 TI - [Robert Koch's contribution to the development of disinfection and current main points of disinfection in research and practice]. PMID- 7048758 TI - [Various aspects from the beginning of experimental disinfection]. PMID- 7048759 TI - [Sociomedical consequences of Robert Koch's work at Halle]. PMID- 7048760 TI - [Robert Koch and the founding of the Chair of Hygiene at Berlin University]. PMID- 7048761 TI - [Main points in the development of ethical discussion on the control of tuberculosis in scientific publications from 1900 to 1932]. PMID- 7048762 TI - [Robert Koch and German-Russian relations in the field of microbiology]. PMID- 7048763 TI - [Virchow contra Koch? New studies of an old point of controversy]. PMID- 7048764 TI - [Epidemiological change in psychiatry during the microbiologic-antibiotic era and its implications for psychiatric thinking in the 19th and 20th centuries]. PMID- 7048765 TI - [Mode of action of chloramines in the treatment of drinking water--a literature review]. PMID- 7048766 TI - [Health education in East Germany--a historical retrospective]. PMID- 7048767 TI - [Physicians as health educators of children]. PMID- 7048768 TI - [International Terminological Dictionary on Health Education--a result of multilateral cooperation among socialist countries]. PMID- 7048769 TI - [The use of artificial beta-cells or programmed insulin infusions in the therapy of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. AB - Completing the article 36, 19-26 (1981) of this journal, the indications for feedback-controlled ("closed-loop", artificial B-cell) and for glucose independent ("open loop") insulin infusions are defined exactly. So far the artificial B-cell can be used as a bedside equipment only. Its application is restricted to a small number of diabetics who are difficult to be treated. In these cases, some improvement of insulin injection therapy can be obtained by means of so-called normoglycaemie intervening days and by the assessment of the "real" need of insulin using an artificial B-cell. Under certain conditions, open loop insulin infusions seem to be advantageous both as continuous nocturnal basal rate administrations or as automated whole day infusions with the basal rates supplemented by extra doses to cover the meals. This should, however, be confirmed by controlled studies under ambulatory conditions. PMID- 7048770 TI - [Effect of a combined diet-training program on the insulin sensitivity of obese persons with normal or disordered glucose tolerance]. AB - The majority of the obese persons is characterized by a disturbed glucose tolerance and an increased insulin secretion. The cause of this apparent contradiction lies in the existence of an insulin resistance. In 23 obese persons (relative weight greater than 120% according to Mohr and Johnson) with normal or disturbed glucose tolerance the effect of a diet restriction lasting 4 weeks (700 kcal/die) or of a combined diet training programme on the body weight, serum lipids, state of conditioning (PWC170) and insulin sensitivity in vivo was investigated. The insulin sensitivity was characterized by means of 1 h insulin infusion test. At comparable peripheral steady state insulin levels the relative decrease of the plasma glucose and free fatty acid concentration is a measure of the insulin sensitivity in vivo. In 9 obese persons with disturbed glucose tolerance observations of the course over 1 year are existing. The finding demonstrate that only a combined diet training programme leads to a significant improvement of the insulin sensitivity and prevails a unique dietary treatment. The measure of the improved insulin effectivity directly correlates with the effect of conditioning. The reduction of the body weight obtained is about double as large in a combined diet conditioning treatment as after a unique restriction of the diet (18% or 10% of the relative weight). Triglyceride and cholesterol levels significantly decrease, the HDL-cholesterol increases in tendency. On the other hand, the results are unsatisfactory after one year. The therapy regime is a promising strategy for the reduction of the insulin resistance in adiposity as a preventive medical measure, provided a good cooperation and motivation on the side of the patient is present. PMID- 7048771 TI - [Prevention and therapy of regulatory hyperparathyroidism in kidney patients]. PMID- 7048772 TI - [The value of fosfomycin]. AB - After description of the most important properties of fosfomycin including pharmacokinetics, antibacterial activity and hitherto got clinical experiences the determinations of the resistance on frequent clinical pathogenic agents are reported. They were performed in the diffusion test in a platelet content of 20 micrograms with admixture of glucose-6-phosphate. High sensitivity rates showed E. coli, P. mirabilis, hemophiliacs and above all Staph. aureus, but also a large part of the Klebsiella and the Pseudomonas strains could be classified as sensitive. Streptococci, pneumococci and enterococci mostly proved as resistant. Thus, in an oral therapy the spectre is smaller than in a highly dosed parenteral supply. Nevertheless, fosfomycin in the two forms of application is to be regarded as an enrichment of the therapeutic possibilities and further should be tested clinically. PMID- 7048773 TI - [Treatment of ventricular arrhythmias with mexiletine]. AB - The development of new antiarrhythmic drugs allows to a certain extent the performance of a differential therapy and prophylaxis. This also concerns the lidocaine-like substance mexiletine, which according to Vaughan-Williams is to be classified into class I B of the antiarrhythmic drugs with direct membrane effect. It is effective in disturbances of the ventricular rhythm also in oral therapy, which in most cases are more life-endangering than the supraventricular ones. In own examination in 21 of 26 patients a complete or far-reaching suppression of accumulated extrasystoles and particularly of ventricular tachycardias could be achieved by an oral long-term therapy with 600--800 mg mexiletine. In the acute experiment short-term infusions were not effective in patients with ventricular tachycardias, since apparently no sufficient plasma level was obtained, wherefore also a following permanent drop infusion is recommended. The rate of side-effects was insignificant and in no case led to a withdrawal of the therapy. PMID- 7048774 TI - [Prostato-urethritis due to chlamydia]. AB - One of the etiological agents of urethritis and prostatitis is Chlamydia trachomatis which reveals obligatory intracellular parasitism. Patient specimens (smears of the urethra, urine, first portion, expressed prostatic fluid, ejaculate) are centrifuged onto special cell cultures, so-called McCoy cells, and induce characteristic cytoplasmatic inclusions. Giemsa staining or DNA-binding fluorochromes (DAPI or Hoechst 33258) are suitable procedures to identify chlamydia inclusions. Serologic tests to establish infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis are only of limited diagnostic value. PMID- 7048775 TI - [On the practical value of microscopic examination of urethral and cervical smears in gonorrhoea]. AB - A one-year material of patients with gonorrhoea was made up by 150 men and 91 women. In 104 men a microscopic examination of urethral smears was performed by which a correct diagnosis was made in 88 cases. There were 84,6% correct positive, 11,5% false negative and 2,9% false positive microscopies among the men. In the female group 30 microscopies of urethral and cervical smears were performed of which 7 were diagnostic. There were 23,3% correct positive and 73,3% false negative microscopies. Men had significantly more microscopies done than females and a correct diagnosis was significantly more frequently established in men than in women. Men had significantly more often symptoms of gonorrhoea than women. PMID- 7048776 TI - [Treatment of condyloma acuminatum with 0.5% 5-fluorouracil-solution, A double blind clinical trial]. AB - 30 males and 29 females with condyloma acuminatum took part in a double-blind randomized trial with 0,5% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) salicylic acid containing varnish for warts versus the varnish without 5-FU. The females were treated twice weekly at the clinic, the males were treated once daily at home by themselves. The 5-FU solution was found significantly superior to placebo (P less than 0,01). 60% of the 5-FU treated patients were healed with a median healing time of two weeks in the males and three weeks in the females. In the placebo group 27,6% healed with a median healing time of 2,5 weeks (males) an 3,5 weeks (females). Blood tests obtained before and after the trial were normal. Patch tests with 0,5% 5-FU revealed no sensitization after the therapy. PMID- 7048777 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of the surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins of the rat bone marrow and blood cells. AB - The surface membrane associated immunoglobulins of rat blood and bone marrow lymphocytes, immunoglobulins within cytoplasm of plasma cells were demonstrated by indirect immunoperoxidase technique. About 38...42% of blood and 90% of bone marrow lymphocytes and positive-stained surface membranes. By ultrastructural characterization the different types of positive-stained lymphocytes of blood and bone marrow were recognized. The first type was characterized by high nucleo cytoplasmic ratio and slight morphological differentiation. The other type of lymphocytes had more large cytoplasm and was rich in cellular organelles. Some blast cells, monocytes and plasma cells were also stained. The indirect immunoperoxidase technique was suggested to be quite suitable for identification of immunoglobulin-coating cells, mainly B-lymphocytes, their precursors and antibody-producing cells in light and electron microscopic levels. PMID- 7048778 TI - [Hemophilic pseudotumors]. AB - A review of the literature was made with special interest in morphology, pathogenesis and treatment of hemophilic pseudotumors. 110 reports of hemophilic pseudotumors were evaluated and compared with 25 own cases. The separation according to the inflicted site and the primarily involved anatomical structure revealed three types of hemophilic pseudotumors: 1. Intramuscular hematomas which enter secondarily into the periosteum. a) In the diaphyses of long tubular bones (femur 49, lower leg 14, humerus 4, forearm 2). b) In the iliac bone (37). 2. Intraspongious cysts in short cancellous bones (calcaneus 14, talus 5, scapula 3). 3. Direct subperiostal hematomas in the phalanges and metacarpals in the hand (thumb 5, finger 1, metacarpal 1). Concerning treatment, there is to state, that in general a conservative approach (substitution of the missing clotting factor and immobilization) is promising. The operative indications are demonstrated and determined, using case reports. PMID- 7048779 TI - [Conservative treatment of anal cryptitis and fissure as well as anal thrombosis with a streptokinase-streptodornase gel]. PMID- 7048780 TI - [DNA excretion by human lymphocytes]. PMID- 7048781 TI - [Structural changes in the plasma membrane as affected by ionizing radiation]. PMID- 7048782 TI - [Biology of R plasmids]. PMID- 7048783 TI - [Liposome interaction with cells. Liposomes with a liquid-crystal membrane]. PMID- 7048784 TI - [Kainic acid: an agent for studying the brain]. PMID- 7048785 TI - [Gnotobiology and the morphophysiological characteristics of the organs of gnotobionts]. PMID- 7048786 TI - [Museums as historians of grandmother's care]. PMID- 7048787 TI - [Theoretical bases in the search for new cardiovascular agents among peptides]. PMID- 7048788 TI - [Approaches to drug therapy of alcoholism]. PMID- 7048789 TI - [Pharmacology of prostacyclin and prostacyclin-like compounds]. PMID- 7048790 TI - [Ultrasonographic antenatal detection of obstructed bladder (author's transl)]. AB - The antenatal diagnosis of bladder obstruction may be possible by ultrasonography of the mother. We report herein four cases of prenatally detected megacystis: two were Prune Belly syndromes, one of which was aborted. The two others were female infants, one had a megacystis-microcolon-hypoperistalsis syndrome, in the other hypoperistalsis was present along with megacystis. Transuterine-transfetal bladder taps were used to relieve bladder pressure in utero. PMID- 7048791 TI - [Chronic, septic granulomatosis (author's transl)]. AB - A case report is presented on an 18-month-old boy who suffered from recurrent infections from early infancy. He was hospitalised for osteomyelitis in the left elbow; differential diagnosis also raised the possibility of a Ewing sarcoma. We were, however, able to eliminate this possibility on the basis of clinical data. Together with the immunologist, we discovered a malfunction of the granulocytes, consisting essentially in the fact that certain bacteria, although phagocytised, cannot be killed off within the cells. This has therapeutic consequences, which are discussed in this paper together with questions of prognosis. PMID- 7048792 TI - [Complications of splenectomy in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - 161 children followed up postoperatively following splenectomy, 29% had spherocytosis, 14% Hodgkin's disease, 12% traumatic rupture of the spleen, 11% portal hypertension and 7% idiopathic thrombocytopenia. Postoperatively a slight wound infection occurred in 5% of the children, while complications were seen in 2% which could be interpreted as directly caused by the operation; in 23 patients, however, (i.e. 15%), severely infections occurred such as pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis. The lethality rate of the infected children was 31.8%. Postoperatively we determined the leucocyte count, thrombocytes and erythrocyte count, the immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE, the serum concentrations of the complement components C3, C4 and the serum proteins alpha 1-antitrypsin and transferrin. The data obtained were compared with the corresponding data reported in the literature. PMID- 7048793 TI - [Use of highly concentrated human fibrinogen in paediatric surgery - a new therapeutic principle (author's transl)]. AB - When using fibrin glue we must distinguish, on the basis of the clinical results obtained, between an obsolute and a relative indication for glueing. Glueing of the oesophageal anastomosis in atresia effected by means of three of four fibres only definitely produces better results than suturing alone. Likewise, fixation of skin grafts and treatment of ruptured spleen are an exclusive indication for fibrin glueing. Endoscopic glueing of oesophagotracheal fistulas and treatment of rupture of the kidneys, liver and pancreas are essential indications for glueing, alone or together with suturing. Intestinal anastomoses which are in danger of becoming detached can be secured by means of fibrin, thus improving the results. This applies equally to all fields of plastic surgery. In bone surgery, small detached parts of cartilage or of bone can be fixed atraumatically by glueing. Finally, improved and accelerated reconstruction e.g. of removed bone cysts can be expected by inserting fibrin-spongiosa fillings. PMID- 7048795 TI - [Diflunisal in the treatment of hip and knee joint arthroses]. AB - Diflunisal (Fluniget, MK-647) was tested in an open clinical study with regard to its analgesic effect and its improvement of function in 30 patients suffering from osteoarthrosis of the hip and the knee. The treatment lasted for 4 weeks. The therapeutic effect was judged by the influence on day and night rest pain and on pain from pressure and movement, the change of morning stiffness and the functional improvement. Further judgement included general assessment by the physician and the patients. With Diflunisal the majority of the patients achieved a lasting improvement of their condition. A marked analgesic effect was observed during the first two weeks of therapy. Diflunisal was well tolerated. Laboratory data at the beginning and at the end of the four week treatment period revealed no toxic effects on organs, particularly no hematotoxic effects. PMID- 7048794 TI - [Inflammatory rheumatic diseases in old age]. AB - Although in higher age degenerative diseases of the spine and joints preponderate, the portion of inflammatory rheumatic diseases is relatively high, and may raise difficult diagnostic problems. Prevalence of rheumatic fever, ankylosing spondylitis, gout and some connective tissue diseases starting in higher age is low and their course is more benign and milder than in earlier age groups. Chondrocalcinosis (pseudogout) and polymyalgia rheumatica are typical rheumatic diseases of higher age. Rheumatoid arthritis with first onset in higher age is also not rare. This disease may start explosively and may run a progressive course. Very hig blood sedimentation rate, early arthritis of shoulder joints and symptoms of a severe general disease often are the leading symptoms. Diagnostic similitarities with other diseases like malignant tumors or with paraneoplastic arthritis may mislead in diagnosis of senile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7048796 TI - Factorial estimation of the zinc requirement of lactating dairy cows. PMID- 7048797 TI - [Clinical significance of isolated proteinuria]. AB - 59 patients who, in a mass examination, had been found to have isolated proteinuria were referred to the county dispensary to have this finding clarified, since the urine and serum tests and the X-rays carried out did not lead to any clarification, histological examination of the samples yielded by renal punction was carried out. In 56 cases (93.2%) a glomerular process was found, and in only 3 cases (6.8%) was normal renal tissue found. Since in 50% of the patients affected proteinuria was observed only intermittently or in traces, the previous evaluation of minimal proteinuria must be questioned. The present findings should help to stimulate epidemiological studies on glomerulonephritis. The social necessity of this is shown by the fact that in the majority of dialysis patients glomerulonephritis has les to terminal renal failure. PMID- 7048798 TI - [Andrologic urology]. PMID- 7048800 TI - [Fungal infections in urologic diseases with special reference to mixed bacterial infection]. AB - A report is given on the mycological examination of urine from 146 urological patients. The possible influence of a mixed infection with bacteria on the growth of blastomyces is discussed. Whereas in the organism bacteria and blastomyces can exist well in conjunction, especially gram-negative bacteria in a culture medium can inhibit the growth of blastomyces. The result would be wrongly negative culture results. In our tests mixed infections of candida albicans and/or candida guilliermondii with escherichia coli and/or enterococci were found. Therefore it is recommended to add a suitable antibacterial antibiotic to the test material and to carry out a simultaneous bacterial urine culture. Where there is a urological primary disease and the urine has to be sent a long way we recommend Gentamycin, in a dosage of 200 micrograms/ml urine, for its good sensitivity. PMID- 7048799 TI - [20 years' treatment of urogenital tuberculosis with reference to the epidemiology and the general tuberculosis situation]. AB - After introductory remarks on the historical development of the treatment of patients with UGT, the general tuberculosis situation in the GDR is referred to. With the steady decline in tuberculosis of the respiratory system, a clear reduction in the rate of new cases of UGT was registered from 1972 on, due to the well-known late manifestation of the disease. In 1980, 164 new cases of urological tuberculosis were registered, which represent a rate of less than 1 (0.97) new case per 100,000 head of population for the first time. It has been possible to reduce the total duration of medicinal treatment to 9 months from an original figure of 2 years. Despite the use of highly effective aggressive anti tuberculosis agents the rate of nephrectomy in our patients is 27%, whereby in the last 6 years as many as 31% of all patients with UGT have undergone nephrectomy in the course of treatment. In 20 of these 54 patients the nephrectomy had already been performed elsewhere and UGT was diagnosed from histological examination of the surgical specimen. Neglected cases have become more common in the last 6 years. UGT has been diagnosed very late, whereby it has been observed that patients with pronounced tubercular changes have been little affected in their general state of health. In one case urotuberculosis appeared after a kidney allotransplantation from a dead donor. PMID- 7048801 TI - [Female urethral stenosis]. PMID- 7048803 TI - [TCP - European Congress for bioimplantology and gnathology]. PMID- 7048802 TI - [The Tubingen endosseous A1203 implant (Frialit). State of development after 6 years]. PMID- 7048804 TI - [Pediatric oncology in the USA. Report on a study trip, May 1980]. PMID- 7048805 TI - [Our surgical heritage. Anton von Eiselsberg]. PMID- 7048806 TI - [Recent advances in cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048807 TI - [Mesocaval H-shunt, method of choice in portal hypertension?]. PMID- 7048808 TI - [Our surgical heritage. 100 years ago (37)]. PMID- 7048809 TI - [A key for the determination of Enterobacteriaceae in routine- laboratories (author's transl)]. AB - A determination-key is suggested, which can used for interpretation of "Bunte Reihe". In the first step seven reaction will tested (dextrose-gas-formation, acid-production from lactose, H2S-formation, urease-activity, indol-formation, motility, LDC-activity). The resulting pattern of reaction leads into a codenumber (Table 1). Table 2 shows a list with species/Genera for each pattern of reaction. Are two or more species in the ascertained codenumber, it is necessary to make further tests. They can have selected and interpreted by using table 3 (second step). The main advantages in use of this two-step determination key for Enterobacteriaceae are: 1. By selection of a higher confidence level as used in most other determination-tables, together with coding the pattern of reaction, the interpretation of "Bunte Reihe" is easy. 2. Subjective and objective errors by interpretation of reactions will prevented. 3. For single reaction is fixed a time up to two days. In comparison with many other methods it brings a shortening of differentiation time in most cases. 4. It isn't necessary to buy an expensive commercial diagnostic-system. The usual "Bunte Reihe" media can used successfull. 5. Because of elimination of subjective interpretation it is possible to compare the results of laboratories, which works by using this determination-key. PMID- 7048810 TI - Effect of propranolol on the secretory activity of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin in the suckling mouse assay. AB - The effect of propranolol pretreatment on fluid accumulation induced in the suckling mouse by heat-stable toxin from Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains of bovine and human origin was studies. The ratio of intestinal weight to body weight is reduced after subcutaneous and per os propranolol treatment when sub maximal fluid accumulation is induced by diluted crude supernatants of cultures of ETEC reference strain B41. The effect is not dose-dependent above 6.25 m/kg. Propranolol can antagonize fluid accumulation induced by heat stable toxin from reference strain H 10407 at the same doses, although the results are only significant when a higher level of secretion is induced. The results show that, like other pharmacological agents whose action upon intestinal secretion by toxins is still unclear, propranolol can antagonize fluid accumulation induced in the infant mouse by heat-stable toxin. PMID- 7048811 TI - Immunological and functional activity of spleen lymphocytes from mice infected by Acholeplasma laidlawii cells and Rauscher virus. AB - The duration of Acholeplasma laidlawii antigen persistence in mice, resistant to Rausher leukemia virus, after infection with both A. laidlawii cells and Rausher virus has been studied. The antigen persistence was accompanied by marked depression of immune response which was especially severe in case of mixed acholeplasmavirus infection. Such immunosuppression and observed infiltration of the spleen with immature leukemic cells can be regarded as a preleukosis. Immunosuppression was accompanied by an increase of the transport of carbohydrates inthe lymphocytes. This stimulation an be explained by the exchange of lipid components between acholeplasma and lymphocyte membranes resulted in increase of lymphocyte membrane fluidity, or it may be due to the mitogenic effect of A. laidlawii cells and virus, accompanied by the same membrane effect. PMID- 7048812 TI - Bird manure filtrate agar for the formation of the perfect state of Cryptococcus neoformans, Filobasidiella neoformans. A comparative study of the agars prepared from pigeon and canary manure. AB - An account is given to two pairs of C. neoformans strains on two different bird manure filtrate agars, i.e. pigeon manure filtrate and canary manure filtrate agar. Basidiospore formation was observed in both pairs after 3 d incubation at 26 degrees C on both media. 0.1% biphenyl in pigeon manure filtrate agar showed an inhibitory activity on the formation of the perfect state of the C. neoformans pairs tested. Concentrated pigeon manure filtrate allowed growth of the imperfect, however not of the perfect state of C. neoformans. On canary manure filtrate agar, a brown color effect (BCE) of the colonies of the C. neoformans strains was observed in addition to their formation of the perfect state. Except for a known self-fertile strain no self-fertility could be seen in 40 C. neoformans strains on pigeon manure filtrate agar. Attention is drawn to the risk of laboratory infection when handling the perfect state of C. neoformans. PMID- 7048813 TI - Etiological data on cerebral abscesses. AB - The authors stress the particular value of the bacteriological examination of the contents of cerebral abscesses. A homogeneous series of 188 cases is presented, of cerebral abscesses diagnosed between 1970 and 1979 in The Neurosurgical Clinic of Bucharest and etiological aspects are discussed in connection with 172 cases in which bacteriological investigations have been performed. In 131 of the patients the abscess contained a single strain of bacteria, in 13 other cases there were polymicrobial abscesses, and in 28 cases of cultures remained sterile. The preponderance of the gram-negative flora in these cases is stressed. Finally, the authors make a detailed description of the correlation between the etiology and the pathogenic, anatomic, evolutive and prognostic aspects of cerebral abscesses. PMID- 7048814 TI - [Evolution of the brain and the reflection of time: its relation to continuous development in the ontogeny of the neuronal memory systems]. PMID- 7048815 TI - [Contribution of S. P. Botkin to the development of epidemiology (on the 150th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7048816 TI - [Epidemic consequences of the temporary fascist occupation of the Ukrainian SSR and the measures for their elimination]. PMID- 7048817 TI - [Results and prospects of the activities of the N. F. Gameleia Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (on the 90th anniversary of its founding)]. PMID- 7048818 TI - [9-Banded armadillo as a tool in biomedical research]. PMID- 7048819 TI - [Aggressive essence of American imperialism and the possible consequences of the use of nuclear weapons]. PMID- 7048820 TI - [Effect of B group vitamins on dysentery bacteria activity during stab culture]. AB - The addition of the vitamin B complex into the culture medium enhances the productivity of the process ensuring the yield of biomass. The presence of the vitamins of this complex in the culture media intensifies the synthesis of some macromolecular compounds and prolongs the period of the physiological activity of the population. PMID- 7048821 TI - [Cholera vibrio culture in a fermenter with automatic control of a number of parameters]. AB - The cultivation of V. cholerae was carried out in casein broth in a fermenter. 2 kinds of cultivation conditions were compared. The results thus obtained indicate that the cultivation of V. cholerae under the conditions of the controlled level of dissolved oxygen (pO2--50%) ensures the optimum conditions for proliferation and the high yield of biomass; it also allows obtaining vaccine whose immunogenic properties are not inferior to those of the WHO reference vaccine. PMID- 7048822 TI - [Antigenic fractions of Clostridium oedematiens toxin and their immunogenic properties]. AB - The results of the isolation of antigenic fractions and their complexes from Cl. oedematiens toxin and the study of their antigenic properties are presented. The purified, concentrated toxin has been found to consist of high- and low-molecular antigens differing in immunogenicity and affinity to aluminium hydroxide used as sorbent. Preparations obtained from low-molecular antigens easily adsorbed by the low doses of the sorbent possessed high specific and immunogenic activity. PMID- 7048823 TI - [Pathogenesis of secondary contracture of the muscles of facial expression (review)]. PMID- 7048824 TI - An unusual case of hypertension with hypokalaemia. PMID- 7048825 TI - Randomised trial comparing Proximate stapler with conventional skin closure. AB - The Proximate stapler was compared with usual skin closure in a randomized trial, with 137 patients having elective abdominal and breast surgery. The median duration of skin closure with the Proximate stapler was 80 seconds, which was significantly shorter than the median of 242 seconds with conventional closure. No difference was found with regard to wound infection, but pain was more frequent after stapling. PMID- 7048826 TI - Urokinase or heparin in the management of patients with deep vein thrombosis? AB - Twenty patients with clinical signs of deep vein thrombosis of a duration not exceeding 72 hours, and with the condition confirmed phlebographically, were randomly allocated to one of two groups in a double-blind study. In group 1 the patients received urokinase in a low-dose regimen of 200 000 Ploug units during the first 24 hours, followed by infusion of heparin, 40 000 units daily during the next 5 days. Patients in group 2 received heparin only, 40 000 units daily for 6 days. The clinical course was assessed daily. When the infusion period was completed, the phlebography was repeated, and the results of the two examinations were compared with respect to extent of filling defects and the degree of non filling of the deep veins. We found no superiority in the regimen consisting of urokinase preceding heparin infusion, compared with that of heparin infusion alone. Most of the patients improved clinically during the 6-day infusion period, but the degree of thrombosis, evaluated phlebographically, was unaltered or even deteriorated during the period in all patients except two. Overt bleeding was noted in 6 patients. PMID- 7048827 TI - Parietal cell vagotomy and truncal vagotomy as treatment of duodenal ulcer. A prospective randomized trial. AB - In a prospective randomized trial parietal cell vagotomy (PCV) was compared with truncal vagotomy with drainage (TV) in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. The material consists of 106 patients, 50 TV and 56 PCV. Basal and maximal acid output (BAO, MAO) were measured preoperatively, 6 weeks and 12 months postoperatively. The clinical results were judged from a modified Visick grading system 1-6 years postoperatively. BAO 6 weeks after PCV was reduced with 60% in average and 12 months postoperatively with 45%. After TV the BAO was reduced with 53% 6 weeks postoperatively and 34% 12 months postoperatively. MAO was reduced with 47% 6 weeks after PCV and with 31% 12 months postoperatively. After TV the reduction of MAO was 50% and 44%, respectively. After PCV 62% of the patients were insulin positive at the first postoperative examination and 78% one year later. After TV 46% of the patients had a positive insulin test at the first postoperative examination and 50% one year later. In the PCV group 9 patients (16%) have got recurrences during the 1-6 years observation time, in the TV group there were 4 recurrences (8%). In the PCV group 24% of the patients with pyloric or prepyloric ulcer got recurrences and 13% of the patients with duodenal ulcer. In the TV group the number of recurrences was 13% and 6%, respectively. At the modified Visick classification 71% of the patients in the PCV group were graded as I and II, 4% as III and 25% graded as IV. After TV 83% of the patients were graded as I and II, 4% as III and 13% graded as IV. The results from this study do not allow us to recommend PCV before TV and it should be seriously questioned if it shall at all be performed on prepyloric ulcers. PMID- 7048828 TI - Central hemodynamic responses to venous, aortal or portal infusion of live E. coli bacteria in the cat. AB - The central hemodynamic responses were studied in experimental sepsis in cats, following various routes of infusion of live E. coli bacteria. The aortic blood flow (ABF) was electromagnetically recorded. The pulmonary artery was cannulate for pressure recording. Platelet and white blood cell concentrations, PO2, PCO2, pH and oxygen saturation were measured at intervals. I.v. infusion of bacteria induced initially decreased ABF, systemic hypotension, pulmonary hypertension. Portal infusion evoked, on the other hand, increased ABF, but induced no significant change in systemic or pulmonary arterial blood pressures. Aortal infusion induced responses in between. The initial hemodynamic changes were followed by relative normalization after 5-10 min. Then, in all series, a progressive fall in ABF and systemic blood pressure were noticed. Within 5 min following bacterial infusion the platelet and white blood cell concentrations fell to 65 and 50%, respectively. In all series a moderate metabolic acidosis developed. Thus, the initial hemodynamic response following infusion of live E. coli was dependent on the route of infusion; intraportal infusion induced initially a more hyperdynamic state. The different initial central hemodynamic responses did not influence the subsequent development of a hypotensive shock state. PMID- 7048829 TI - Intestinal hemodynamic effects of varying the route of infusion of live E. coli bacteria in the cat. AB - The responses of the series-coupled vascular sections in the feline small intestine were studied in experimental sepsis induced following various routes of infusion of live E. coli bacteria. The intestinal hemodynamics were followed by means of plethysmography combined with direct recording of the intestinal venous outflow. After 2 hours of bacterial infusion the experiments were terminated. Infusion of E. coli in the inferior caval vein induced initially hypotension, decreased intestinal blood flow (Q) and increased intestinal vascular resistance (R). Portal venous infusion induced, on the other hand, an initial arterial blood pressure increase, an increase of Q and a decrease of R. Aortal infusion evoked only minor initial changes. The early response was in all series followed by a progressive hypotension during which Q decreased and R increased gradually. There were no changes in intestinal tissue volume, indicating that there was no pooling of blood or extravasation of fluid, during the experiments. Intestinal mucosal lesions were equally distributed in the three series. Thus, depending on the route of infusion live E. coli induced intestinal vasoconstriction or vasodilatation. Regardless the route, there was no intestinal pooling of blood or fluid. Hypotension developed in most cats after 120 min, regardless the site of infusion and the initial vascular response. PMID- 7048830 TI - Cytologic detection of parasitic disorders. AB - Parasitic diseases are common in developing countries; yet they are infrequently diagnosed in cytologic material. Six cases are described where routine cytologic examination identified the parasites and suggested the diagnosis. There were three cases of Entamoeba histolytica infection of the female genital tract and one each of hydatid cyst of the brain, Strongyloides stercoralis infection of the lung and filarial infection of the urinary bladder. To our knowledge, cytologic diagnosis of hydatid cyst of the brain and filarial infection of the urinary bladder has not been previously reported. PMID- 7048831 TI - [Prophylaxis of acute gastroduodenal lesions in critically ill patients]. AB - There were 220 patients studied, of which 44 were considered "critical" according to pre-established factors. In all of them, intra-gastrical pH in serious forms was detected, establishing that 45% of the "non-critical" patients had a pH factor less than 4. In these 61 patients and in the 44 "critical" patients a gastric alkalinization was sought, using between 1.2 and 2.4 grams of cimetidina daily, to which alkalines were added when necessary. Nine percent of the critical patients (4 of 44) had H.D.A., while 11 of 33 (33%) of the critically ill from a previous series that had not been treated had pronounced gastro-intestinal bleeding lesions (p less than 0.01.) The potential difference of gastric mucous in critical patients was measured likewise, being significantly less (means = 17.37 +/- 1.13) than in the non-critical patients (means = 30.2 +/- 1.13) (p less than 0.005). The use of cimetidina as an inhibitor of gastric secretion in a dosage of 1.2 grams was effective in 73% of the non-critical patients and in only 29% of the critical patients. Despite an increase in the dosage up to 2.4 grams in 9% of the critical and 22% of the non-critical patients, it was necessary to add alkalines. This lack of response shows a correlation between the amount of risk factors (3 of 10 patients had 3 factors) and the existence of hepatitic insufficiency (5 out of 16 patients and 5 out of 26 of sepsis). PMID- 7048832 TI - [Mechanisms of gastrin release]. PMID- 7048833 TI - Vitamin C and the common cold: a second MZ Cotwin control study. AB - Self-reported cold data have been analyzed for 95 pairs of identical twins aged 14-64 who took part in a double-blind trial of vitamin C tablets. One member of each twin pair took a tablet containing 1 g vitamin C and the other took a well matched placebo each day for 100 days. In the total sample there was no effect of vitamin C in preventing colds. However, subdivision of the data showed a significant preventive effect of the placebo in the 51 pairs living together and an equal and opposite preventive effect of the vitamin C in the 44 pairs living apart. The placebo effect in the pairs living together may be attributed to the large proportion who wrongly perceived which treatment they were taking. The reduction of colds in the vitamin C group of the pairs living apart was about 20%. There were significant correlations between cold symptoms reported and the personality trait of neuroticism. No side effects of substantive changes in serum biochemistry could be attributed to the vitamin C dose. PMID- 7048834 TI - Worldwide clinical experience with ludiomil. PMID- 7048835 TI - [Further clinical experiences with maprotiline in endogeneous depressions]. PMID- 7048836 TI - [Maprotiline and its undesired effects]. PMID- 7048837 TI - Clinical experience with maprotiline. PMID- 7048838 TI - Avoiding psychic adverse effects during induction of neurolept anaesthesia with levomepromazine. A double-blind study of levomepromazine and droperidol. AB - Levomepromazine 0.1 mg/kg or droperidol 0.15 mg/kg for induction of neurolept anaesthesia were compared in a double-blind prospective study of 60 patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery. On the morning after surgery, eight of 30 patients (26.7%) who received droperidol remembered having had unpleasant anxiety, or nightmarish or panicky experiences during induction of anaesthesia, whereas only one of 30 patients (3.3%) receiving levomepromazine experienced such unpleasant adverse effects (P less than 0.01). During anaesthesia, the patients induced with levomepromazine needed somewhat less fentanyl, had somewhat less pain intensity, during the first 3 h after surgery, and they required the first postoperative dose of morphine 1.5 h later than the patients receiving droperidol (P less than 0.02). There was no difference in the number of patients receiving naloxone at the end of anaesthesia in the two groups. However, 21 of 30 patients (70%) in the levomepromazine group and only seven of 30 patients (23.3%) in the droperidol group were given physostigmine for arousal at the end of anaesthesia (P less than 0.01). There was no difference between the two groups in the occurrence of postoperative nausea, restlessness, hallucinations, or sedation in the recovery ward. This study shows that levomepromazine is superior to droperidol for induction of neurolept anaesthesia because it gives less psychic adverse effects, more analgesia, and a deeper sedation, which is easily reversed with physostigmine at the end of anaesthesia. PMID- 7048839 TI - Material thrombogenicity in central venous catheterization. I. A comparison between uncoated and heparin-coated, long antebrachial, polyethylene catheters. AB - In order to evaluate a new method of heparinization, uncoated (22) and heparin coated (27) central venous polyethylene catheters were inserted in 49 patients via basilic and cephalic veins punctured at the fossa cubiti. The means duration of catheterization was 5.7 (1-11) days. One-third of the patients with heparin coated catheters, and one sixth with uncoated catheters developed clinical thrombophlebitis, with a maximum incidence between 4 and 8 days after catheterization. A higher risk of developing thrombophlebitis in the first 4 days after catheterization was found in the patients with heparin-coated polyethylene catheters. After 8 days of catheterization, it seems that there is a lower risk of new cases of thrombophlebitis appearing both in patients with uncoated and those with heparin-coated polyethylene catheters. Radiological thrombosis, regardless of duration of catheterization and heparin-coating, was demonstrated in all 22 patients investigated by "pull-out" phlebography. The heparin-coating did not decrease the rate of thrombotic complications. Location of the catheter tip in subclavian veins was associated with a significantly higher incidence of large, parietal thrombi and catheter occlusion than when the tip was situated in anonymous veins, the superior vena cava, or the right atrium. Cannulation by heparin-coated, polyethylene tubing did not reduce the rate of catheter occlusion. PMID- 7048840 TI - A clinical neuropsychological study of the postoperative course after three types of anaesthesia. AB - In a double-blind study, 57 patients were anaesthetized with either Althesin, thiopentone, or fentanyl combined with diazepam for cystoscopies. One and a half and four hours after the administration of anaesthesia, the patients were investigated with an objective neuropsychological method, continuous Reaction Time, and with a subjective rating scale. Beecher's Mood Scale. One week later the patients answered a questionnaire about side-effects experienced during the days following anaesthesia. At the 1 1/2 h investigation, the patients were cerebrally affected, both subjectively and objectively. The CNS-dysfunction was different for the three anaesthetics. After administration of thiopentone, the patients experienced the highest degree of subjective effects but had the smallest reaction time prolongation. Fentanyl-diazepam gave the least subjective effects, but the highest degree of cerebral affection in the reaction time measurements. The effects of Althesin were intermediate. Four hours after anaesthesia, the reaction time prolongations had disappeared, except for Althesin, and only patients who had thiopentone registered subjective effects. The number of side-effects was greatest and most prolonged following thiopentone. About 25% of the patients reported that side-effects had persisted more than 1 day after anaesthesia. PMID- 7048841 TI - Atropine before enflurane anaesthesia: effects on cardiac rhythm, pulse rate, blood pressure and airway secretion. AB - The occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias and changes in pulse rate and blood pressure during mask anaesthesia with enflurane was investigated in 92 patients with special reference to the influence of atropine (0.01 mg kg-1 5 min before anaesthesia) and thiopental. The average duration of anaesthesia was a little less than 1 h in all four groups. More than five ventricular extrasystoles occurred in one patient (38 min after atropine). Supraventricular (mainly nodal) arrhythmias were significantly (P less than 0.005) more common in the atropine groups (15/45) than in the non-atropine groups (4/47). Following atropine, heart rate increased by about 25 beats min-1, whereas only very slight increases were seen in the non-atropine groups. Blood pressure fell at the induction but was almost back to normal at the end of anaesthesia. Blood pressure was unaffected by atropine. Slightly lower values of blood pressure were suggested in the thiopental groups, whereas thiopental did not modify cardiac rhythm or pulse rate. Suction of the pharynx was necessary in only one patient. In conclusion, the present study does not support the routine administration of atropine before enflurane anaesthesia with or without thiopental induction. PMID- 7048842 TI - The artificially ventilated preterm rabbit neonate as experimental model of hyaline membrane disease. AB - Bronchiolar epithelial lesions, similar to those in human hyaline membrane disease (HMD), can be induced by artificial ventilation of newborn rabbits, delivered on day 27 of gestation. As verified by electron microscopy, these epithelial lesions develop within only 1-5 min of artificial ventilation. Tracheal instillation of natural surfactant at birth improves lung-thorax compliance in these animals, enhances the aeration of the alveolar compartment, and prevents the development of bronchiolar epithelial lesions. This prophylactic effect is obtained even when the compliant lungs of the surfactant-treated animals are greatly overventilated, i.e. when the ventilator is set at standardized high insufflation pressure. The application of a low positive end expiratory pressure (5 cmH2O) also results in increased lung-thorax compliance, and reduces the extent of bronchiolar epithelial lesions. These findings suggest that the epithelial lesions are secondary to an abnormal expansion pattern. In a premature neonate with surfactant deficiency, overdistension of airways and irregular aeration of the alveolar compartment might produce shear stress in the airway mucosa leading to disruption of the epithelium and formation of hyaline membranes. The same mechanism is probably also involved in the pathogenesis of the epithelial lesions in human neonatal HMD. PMID- 7048843 TI - A study of two enteroendocrine cells in the duodenum of the gerbil-Meriones unguiculatus. AB - Gastrin-secreting G cells and enterochromaffin cells have been examined in the duodenum of the gerbil-Meriones unguiculatus. G cells examined by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence methods were seen primarily located in the mucosa lining the villi and rarely in the glands of Lieberkuhn. They were flask-shaped cells that extended from the basal lamina to the mucosal surface. Immunoreactive gastrin was localized all over in the cytoplasm but was especially concentrated in the juxtanuclear and subnuclear regions. Enterochromaffin cells were identified by a serotonin-specific formaldehyde-induced fluorescence method. These cells were also primarily located in the duodenal villi, were flask-shaped and revealed an intense yellow fluorescence that was especially concentrated in the subnuclear cytoplasm. At the ultrastructural level the enterochromaffin cells showed numerous pleomorphic electron-dense secretory granules especially located in the subnuclear cytoplasm. Microfilament bundles were often observed, especially in the perinuclear region. PMID- 7048844 TI - An ultrastructural and cytochemical study of enteroendocrine cells of the pyloric antrum in the gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus. AB - Enteroendocrine cells of the gastric antrum have been examined in the gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus. Gastrin-secreting G cells were identified by immunocytochemical methods and by transmission electron microscopy. They were present in the lower and middle third of the pyloric antral glands. G cells were polyhedral in shape and often extended to the gland lumen where they presented a microvillous and pinocytotic surface. These cells were characterized by numerous electron-dense and immunoreactive secretory granules. Enterochromaffin cells were identified by a serotonin-specific formaldehyde-induced fluorescence method, and by electron microscopy which revealed pleomorphic secretory granules of varying electron densities. These cells also had luminal projections and had a shape and distribution essentially similar to those of the G cells. A third endocrine cell type was identified as Dl cell in the pyloric glands. This cell type was recognized by the presence of numerous secretory granules having an electron dense core and a clear peripheral space, as also by the presence of microfilament bundles, especially in the perinuclear region. The functional correlates of these morphological observations are discussed with reference to their secretory product and the manner of its release, especially by the G cells. PMID- 7048845 TI - Viability and osteogenicity of bone graft coated with methylmethacrylate cement. AB - The idea of utilizing bone grafts during hip arthroplasty has been discussed in the literature and clinical successes have been indicated. These communications, however, did not relate to long-term results. Thus, to date, we still lack sufficient understanding as to the fate of bone grafts when they are coated with methylmethacrylate. In order to elucidate the above issue further an experimental study has recently been initiated in an attempt to provide answers to the following questions: a) do bone grafts remain viable when they are held in place with methylmethacrylate bone cement? and b) do such grafts retain their osteogenic potential? In the present study osteotomies were made in the femora of dogs and cortico-cancellous strips of autogenous bone were placed around the osteotomy site. The grafts were then surrounded by polymethylmethacrylate bone cement. Mechanical examination and morphological studies, performed 3, 6 and 10 months following surgery, revealed the elaboration of fibro-osseous union. Our present findings tend to indicate that bone grafts, even if they are covered with methylmethacrylate bone cement, still retain their viability as well as their osteogenic potential. PMID- 7048846 TI - [Evolution of objective audiometric technics from 1970 to 1980]. PMID- 7048847 TI - [Auriculotemporal syndrome]. AB - After a survey of the literature about etiological and physiopathological data or hypothesis, the different therapeutic possibilities are quoted. According to our experience we describe the occurrence of the Auriculotemporal Syndrome in a total of 157 parotidectomies performed in our clinic during the past seven years. One single post-traumatic case is commented. About 30% of our post-parotidectomic patients were incommodated by the syndrome, more specifically as an aggravating transpiration in the temporal region during meals. The greater number of patients experienced a distinct improvement applying a simple Scopolamin-salve; as a result we prefer this conservative therapy to a more aggressive treatment. However, whether we could prevent the appearance of the syndrome by using a more subtle surgical technique particularly in the region of the preauricular blood vessels, remains an open question. PMID- 7048848 TI - Fibronectin in experimental granulation tissue. AB - The temporal appearance of fibronectin in experimental granulation tissue has been studied using the immunoperoxidase technique on material fixed in formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and pretreated with pepsin. Furthermore, the relationship between the distribution of fibronectin and connective tissue fibres, demonstrated as either argyrophilic or red by the van Gieson method, has been investigated. Fibronectin was demonstrated as part of the fibrinous network in the sponge before the formation of granulation tissue. In the development of granulation tissue fibronectin was seen in the initial cellular stage codistributed with the newly formed fibres, first the argyrophilic fibres and later with those stained red by the van Gieson method, too. With maturation of the granulation tissue, predominated by these fibres, the amount of fibronectin was gradually reduced. The presence of fibronectin in the sponge already before the formation of granulation tissue suggests that fibronectin in the initial stage of inflammation derives from plasma. The increase in amount of fibronectin corresponding to the cellular (fibroblastic) proliferation and the formation of fibres, both argyrophilic and van Gieson positive, indicates that fibronectin in young granulation tissue is synthesized by fibroblastic cells. The relationship between the morphologically demonstrated argyrophilic fibres and van Gieson positive fibres and the biochemical type III and type I collagens is discussed. PMID- 7048849 TI - Immuno-histochemical localization of myoglobin in human muscle tissue and embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - An immuno-histochemical investigation of the presence and localization of myoglobin was performed on cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue and on 9 embryonal and 9 alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas, utilizing an immunoperoxidase technique. Cardiac muscle fibres were evenly stained whereas staining of skeletal muscle fibres varied, giving a mosaic-like pattern. Of the fixatives used (4 percent formaldehyde, 4 percent paraformaldehyde, formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde, and Bouin's fixative), 4 percent formaldehyde gave the most prominent staining; short fixation-time slightly increased the staining intensity. All the 9 embryonal and 9 alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas contained positively-stained tumour cells. The number of cells positively-stained and the intensity of the staining varied with differentiation: the most differentiated rhabdomyoblasts stained most intensely. However, also many poorly-differentiated tumour cells in highly cellular areas were positive. Myoglobin is considered a suitable marker of rhabdomyoblastic differentiation, thus the method used in this study may be valuable in the diagnosis. PMID- 7048851 TI - [An in vitro microtechnique for determination of the antimalarial activity of drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048850 TI - Intestinal mucosal heterotopia of an urethral caruncle. PMID- 7048852 TI - [Some aspects of advanced pharmacology]. PMID- 7048853 TI - A rapid method of visualizing the pancreatic islets for studies of islet capillary blood flow using non-radioactive microspheres. AB - A technique is described for visualization of the pancreatic islets in the rat by simple dark field illumination of pieces of the frozen and thawed pancreas. By using this method, microspheres, injected for studies of the capillary blood flow, can be readily located and counted in both the islets and the exocrine parenchyma. The procedure could be useful both for rapid estimations of the total number of islets and for studies of their microcirculation. PMID- 7048854 TI - Antinuclear and antinative DNA antibodies during captopril treatment. AB - Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) developed in 13 out of 78 patients treated with captopril for a mean period of 11 months. In another 11 patients, who were ANA positive before captopril therapy, no increase in ANA titer was observed during treatment. Neither the development nor the presence of ANA before captopril treatment were associated with (drug-induced) lupus erythematosus or increased incidence of clinical side-effects, although development of ANA was accompanied by a serum-sickness-like syndrome in one patient. The ANA were mainly of the IgM class, did not fix complement and were transiently present. In three patients, antinative DNA antibodies, exclusively of IgM class and not complement-fixing, were transiently present without clinical signs of systemic lupus erythematosus, although recurrence of these antibodies was associated with slight proteinuria in one of them. PMID- 7048855 TI - [Forms of Bacillus mesentericus. III. Ultrastructural studies under conditions for proteolytic enzyme biosynthesis]. PMID- 7048856 TI - [Bacterial strains producing enzymes with milk-coagulating action. VIII. The effect of CaCle, pH and temperature on enzyme preparation activity]. PMID- 7048857 TI - [Bacterial strains producing enzymes with milk-coagulating action. IX. The effect of certain factors on milk curdling]. PMID- 7048858 TI - Bendt Dorph Broager (1908-1981). PMID- 7048859 TI - Treatment of chronic obsessive compulsive states with stereotactic anterior capsulotomy or cingulotomy. AB - A neuropsychological model on how to evaluate patients subjected to stereotactic psychosurgery is presented. Four patients with chronic obsessive compulsive neurosis were randomly assigned to either stereotactic anterior capsulotomy or cingulotomy, and assessed pre-, peri-, and postoperatively according to this model. The best immediate and long-term follow-up results in reducing obsessional symptoms were obtained in the two capsulotomized patients. Psychosurgery should only be performed by a multidisciplinary team of specialists, with objective evaluation, adequate information on patients, and reliable test instruments. PMID- 7048860 TI - Stereotactic aspiration of a brain abscess using a "therapeutic" CT scanner. A case report. PMID- 7048861 TI - Effect of leucotrienes C4, D4, prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 on isolated human cerebral arteries. AB - The effects of leucotrienes C4 (LTC4), D4 (LTD4), Prostacyclin (PGI2) and Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) were studied on superfused human cerebral artery strips. LTC4 and LTD4 neither contracted nor relaxed the strips. PGI2 caused a dose dependent relaxation from 0.2 nmol to 0.8 nmol. When given simultaneously with a vasoconstrictor substance, PGI2 had an almost complete inhibitory effect. TXA2 caused a dose-dependent contraction from 0.03 nmol to 0.15 nmol. Also, TXA2 was more potent than 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) with a contraction threshold of about 0.1 nmol. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), H2 (PGH2), and F2a (PGF2a) had contraction thresholds of about 1 nmol. Only a stable endoperoxide analogue (EPA), was more potent than TXA2, with a contraction threshold of 0.005 nmol. The possible role of these substances in producing ischaemic manifestations after subarachnoidal haemorrhage (SAH) is discussed. PMID- 7048862 TI - The effect of prostacyclin on cerebral vasospasm. An experimental study. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2), a strong vasodilator of cerebral vessels and potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, was infused intravenously into seven cats after induction of prolonged vasospasm by hourly application of oxyhaemoglobin solution into the subarachnoid space round the basilar artery. PGI2, at a concentration of 50 ng/kg/min, was effective in releasing the vasospasm in the seven cats. It did not produce significant hypotension. This report gives our results and the probable mechanism of action of PGI2 in cerebral vasospasm. PMID- 7048863 TI - Antifibrinolytic treatment in subarachnoid haemorrhage: present state. AB - Two randomised controlled clinical trials in patients with recently ruptured intracranial aneurysms were undertaken using tranexamic acid (AMCA) to prevent early recurrent bleeding. In our accumulated series of 105 patients 53 were given AMCA and 52 were controls. 13% of the AMCA-treated patients and 31% of the controls rebled. In patients treated with AMCA the recurrent bleeding took place later than the rebleeding in the control patients. Vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischaemic deficits were seen more frequently in patients treated with AMCA. Total mortality from rebleeding and cerebral ischaemia was 25% in AMCA-treated patients and 19% in the controls during the six weeks' observation time. Coagulation factors remained unaffected by the drug. Local fibrinolysis in the cerebrospinal fluid decreased after one week in patients treated with AMCA. After two weeks the fibrinolytic activity was similar in AMCA-treated patients and in the controls. After experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage in 90 rabbits, AMCA was found to suppress plasminogen activator activity, mainly in the leptomeninges. This occurred however only during the first few postbleeding days. Antifibrinolytic agents only appear to reduce the risk of recurrent bleeding during the first ten day period after the primary aneurysm rupture. However they also seem to produce delayed cerebral ischaemia in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Synthetic antifibrinolytics evidently shift the incidence of rebleeding curve to the right but these drugs are probably of diminished value in the subsequent weeks of risk. PMID- 7048864 TI - [Surgical-prosthetic rehabilitation in maxillofacial oncology]. PMID- 7048865 TI - Brain plasticity: the themes and case studies of neuro-biophysics. AB - After a brief overview of the current status of our understanding of synaptic plasticity and sprouting in the brain, sprouting in the cat red nucleus was described in detail as a model system. As the basis of our investigations of sprouting in the RN, light and electron microscopic studies, together with computer analysis of dendritic geometry by a digital image processing system, were reported. Electrophysiology using both in vivo and in vitro preparations was described; a model study using Rall's mathematical neuron model was presented. Based on these data, lesion-induced sprouting and the formation of functional synapses at an early developmental stage were investigated. This was compared with lesion-induced sprouting in adults. The synaptic transmission of synapses newly-formed by sprouting was investigated in detail. It was also reported that sprouting takes place in the absence of lesions to central neurons, in a preparation where peripheral flexor and extensor nerves were surgically crossed (cross-innervation). Finally, an attempt to correlate cortico-rubral sprouting with behavioral plasticity, using classical conditioning, was presented. PMID- 7048866 TI - Population genetics of multigene families. PMID- 7048867 TI - Molecular arrangement of troponin-tropomyosin in the thin filament. AB - Clarification of molecular arrangement of three troponin components in the thin filament is one of the essential problems in the field of the calcium regulation of muscle contraction. This review aims at discussing the present status of our structural studies of these Ca receptive proteins. Particular attention was rapid to the role of troponin T which connects troponin complex to tropomyosin. Studies on the paracrystalline structure indicated that the size of troponin complex is an order of 10 nm and the whole axial length is determined by the rod shaped troponin T molecule. The molecular arrangement of each component studied by immuno electron microscopy, indicated that troponin C, troponin I, and C-terminal region of troponin T (troponin T2) are exposed on the surface of thin filament to the similar extent. The N-terminal subfragment of troponin T, troponin T1, on the other hand, was shown to be mostly embedded in the depth of the complex and only exposed to the direction of Z-line in the thin filament. It was further attempted to connect these structural finding with the primary amino acid sequence. Since the classical crystallographic results have not yet been obtained, we instead introduced the prediction technique for the secondary and supersecondary structures from the known amino acid sequences. The interacting structure of troponin T-tropomyosin was analyzed especially in detail. It was thus concluded that the T1 region of troponin T strongly binds to tropomyosin by forming triple stranded coiled-coil structure. One plausible model of troponin components and tropomyosin constructed at amino acid level was also presented. PMID- 7048868 TI - Membrane attack by complement (with comments on cell-mediated cytotoxicity). PMID- 7048871 TI - [Female figurines testifying for initiation-rites in prehistory and early historic time? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048869 TI - Role of cell motility in the activity of cytolytic T lymphocytes. PMID- 7048870 TI - [Professor Werner Kneist on the 65th anniversary]. PMID- 7048872 TI - Current literature on orthostatic hypotension and training in SCI patients. PMID- 7048873 TI - Interpreting serologic tests for syphilis. AB - Since syphilis is most often diagnosed by serologic studies, the correct interpretation of these tests is critical. Serologic tests are classified as nontreponemal of treponemal, according to the antigen employed. Flocculation tests are generally used for routine screening because of their simplicity. The treponemal procedures are more specific, but false-positive results may still occur. Results vary with the procedure, stage of disease and treatment. Significant difficulties remain with the serologic diagnosis of neurosyphilis and congenital syphilis. PMID- 7048874 TI - The digitalis controversy. PMID- 7048875 TI - The influence of quinidine and other agents on digitalis glycosides. PMID- 7048876 TI - Consideration of cholesterol and noncardiovascular mortality. PMID- 7048877 TI - Antihypertensive effects of pindolol. PMID- 7048878 TI - Pindolol: effects on blood pressure and plasma renin activity. AB - The influence of pindolol, other antihypertensive agents, or placebo upon plasma renin activity (PRA) was examined in five separate studies involving 249 subjects (pindolol), n = 149; propranolol, n = 43; methyldopa, n = 13; chlorthalidone, n = 16; placebo, n = 28). In addition, the subjects were stratified in for studies into low (n = 104), medium (n = 96), or high (n = 15) PRA categories according to baseline PRA and sodium excretion measurements. The response to antihypertensive therapy was analyzed in each PRA category. Pindolol and propranolol lowered PRA comparably at equivalent dosages, although this effect was not consistently observed in all studies or at all dosage levels. Methyldopa therapy was not associated with a decline in PRA and chlorthalidone elevated PRA. Pindolol and propranolol lowered both supine and erect diastolic blood pressure (BP) comparably. This effect was similar in subjects categorized as having low or medium PRA. Too few patients were studied with high PRA to derive statistically meaningful data. Pindolol lowered standing systolic BP to a greater extent than did propranolol, especially in the medium PRA category. It was concluded that pindolol, like other beta-adrenergic blockers, lowers PRA, that the effect of pindolol on diastolic BP is independent of the baseline PRA category, and that pindolol is more effective than propranolol in lowering standing systolic BP, at least in the medium PRA category. PMID- 7048879 TI - Effects of pindolol and methyldopa on blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine. AB - Thirty patients with essential hypertension (supine diastolic blood pressure 100 to 115 mm Hg) were treated in a randomized, double-blind study with either pindolol (mean dose 28 +/- 5 mg twice a day) or methyldopa (673 +/- 158 mg three times a day) for 12 weeks after a 3-week, single-blind placebo period. In 17 pindolol-treated patients mean supine blood pressure was 163 +/- 3/106 +/- 1 during the placebo period and 155 +/- 3/99 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) during the high-dose period. In 13 patients treated with methyldopa mean supine blood pressure fell from 160 +/- 4/104 +/- 1 to 156 +/- 5/97 +/- 2 mm Hg. Mean standing heart rate was reduced during pindolol therapy from 84 +/- 2 to 79 +/- 2 bpm (p less than 0.05) but was unchanged during methyldopa treatment. Mean supine pretreatment plasma norepinephrine fell from 379 +/- 40 to 337 +/- 33 pg/ml in patients on pindolol therapy and from 448 +/- 76 to 223 +/- 39 pg/ml (p less than 0.02) in the methyldopa-treated group. Although norepinephrine generally decreased in pindolol responders and not in nonresponders, changes in supine diastolic blood pressure and supine plasma norepinephrine did not correlate. In contrast, norepinephrine declined consistently in methyldopa-treated patients regardless of the blood pressure response; changes in diastolic blood pressure and norepinephrine correlated (r = 0.59; p less than 0.05). The results suggest that suppression of sympathetic nervous system activity may play a role in the hypotensive effect of both pindolol and methyldopa. PMID- 7048880 TI - Pulmonary function in hypertensive patients treated with pindolol: a report of two studies. AB - Pulmonary function was measured serially in two separate randomized trials of pindolol in the treatment of essential hypertension. Patients with overt obstructive airways disease were excluded. In study 1, 131 hypertensive patients were randomized to placebo (31) and 15 mg (33), 30 mg (33), and 60 mg (34) of pindolol. Pulmonary function was measured before and at weeks 8 and 15 of active medication. Bronchospasm--a 20% increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) after isoprenaline--developed in three patients on active treatment and one on placebo. In eight patients on pindolol and one on placebo, bronchospasm ceased. Compared to placebo, no deterioration in pulmonary function occurred with pindolol and in three tests--maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) (L/min), MVV%, midexpiratory flow rate (MEFR) (L/min)--significant improvement occurred. In study 2, 14 hypertensive patients were randomized to pindolol (mean dose 50 mg/day), 15 to propranolol (mean 360 mg/day), and 14 to chlorthalidone (mean 107 mg/day). Pulmonary function was measured after 3 weeks of placebo and again after 6 weeks of active treatment. While propranolol produced slight deterioration in pulmonary function, pindolol and chlorthalidone produced slight but significant improvement (p less than 0.05) with maximum MEFR (L/sec). Pulmonary function tests measured after isoprenaline were significantly worse in patients on propranolol compared to those on placebo, but were unchanged in patients on pindolol or chlorthalidone. The conclusions are: (1) Pindolol in antihypertensive doses does not produce airways obstruction and some improvement in pulmonary function may occur. (2) In comparable doses, pindolol has a positive effect on pulmonary function and propranolol a negative effect which, when summated, is statistically significant. (3) Propranolol, but not pindolol, appears to block the bronchodilator effects of isoprenaline. The lack of pulmonary function impairment may be due to intrinsic sympathomimetic activity properties of pindolol. PMID- 7048881 TI - Pindolol versus methyldopa for hypertension: comparison of adverse reactions. PMID- 7048882 TI - Adverse reactions to pindolol administration. AB - More than 1200 patients who received pindolol for the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and various arrhythmias in studies conducted in the United States were included in the New Drug Application submitted to the FDA. Nearly 1000 of these patients received pindolol as monotherapy. The side effects reported were generally transient and of mild or moderate severity. The most frequently reported side effects seen after pindolol administration, compared to those seen after placebo, were in decreasing order of incidence: headache, dizziness, insomnia, muscle pain, fatigue, weakness, nervousness, joint pain, edema, nausea, and muscle cramps. Other side effects that occurred more frequently with pindolol than with placebo but at a rather low incidence induced weight gain, bizarre dreams, visual disturbances, lethargy, and diarrhea. Nasal congestion, throat discomfort, nocturia, impotence, pruritus, anxiety, hypotension, bradycardia, and heart failure occurred only rarely. Of the 323 patients who received pindolol alone for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension, only 20 (6.2%) were withdrawn from the study because of side effects. Overall, 3.4% of the patients treated with pindolol were withdrawn because of side effects, most of which involved the central nervous system, that is, insomnia, anxiety, dizziness, and headache. However, a few patients manifested some edema and weight gain while receiving pindolol alone. Review of the side effects data did not reveal a tendency for the incidence of side effects to be dose related. One placebo-controlled, double-blind study designed to evaluate the fixed dosages of 15, 30, and 60 mg in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension suggested that only the incidences of insomnia and nervousness increased with increasing doses. However, these side effects were generally transient and of mild or moderate severity. The evidence indicates that pindolol has an acceptable safety profile and that any side effects that appear are generally well tolerated and disappear with continued treatment. PMID- 7048883 TI - Pindolol: experience gained in 10 years of safety monitoring. AB - The benefit to be expected from any drug therapy should outweigh its inherent risk. All adverse events reported in connection with administration of pindolol have been carefully analyzed since this drug was marketed 10 years ago. The investigation included the data published in the literature, the information provided by spontaneous reporting or by bulletins issued by various national drug evaluation committees, and the results obtained by intensive hospital monitoring. This international surveillance reveals that pindolol elicits adverse reactions related to beta-adrenoceptor blockade; however, the incidence and especially the intensity of this type of side effect appear to be attenuated by the intrinsic sympathomimetic property exhibited by pindolol. Some other reported side effects, in general equally mild, cannot be explained by the known pharmacodynamic properties of pindolol. However, no specific toxicity has been observed even after long-term treatment. Taking into consideration that pindolol has been used for more than 3.7 million patient-years, it is certainly justified to assume that the full spectrum of adverse reactions that might be induced by this drug has been recognized and that in all probability no severe new untoward effects will be observed in the future. PMID- 7048884 TI - Physiologic correlates of right ventricular ejection fraction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a combined radionuclide and hemodynamic study. PMID- 7048885 TI - Augmentation of right ventricular performance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by terbutaline: a combined radionuclide and hemodynamic study. PMID- 7048886 TI - Prostacyclin therapy in patients with congestive heart failure. AB - The acute hemodynamic effects of intravenous prostacyclin (PGI2), in doses of 22 +/- 11 ng/kg per min were studied in nine patients with severe congestive heart failure refractory to digitalis and diuretic drugs. After prostacyclin infusion, mean (+/- standard deviation) pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from 21.0 +/- 7.9 to 15.0 +/- 6.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), mean arterial pressure from 98.9 +/- 12.8 to 76.2 +/- 7.0 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), systemic vascular resistance from 2,574 +/- 384 to 1,368 +/- 283 dynes s cm-5 (p less than 0.001), pulmonary vascular resistance from 1,008 +/- 451 to 443 +/- 135 dynes s cm-5 (p less than 0.001) and pulmonary arteriolar resistance from 330 +/- 111 to 189 +/- 73 dynes s cm-5 (p less than 0.001). Heart rate increased from 78 +/- 21 to 82 +/ 24 beats/min (p = not significant [NS]), cardiac index from 2.0 +/- 0.37 to 3.2 +/- 0.59 liters/min per m2 (p less than 0.001) and stroke index from 27.6 +/- 8.69 to 42.0 +/- 0.62 cc/m2 (p less than 0.001). With prostacyclin, moreover, coldness of the limbs and face disappeared, and patients felt warmth and mild flushing of the face. After prostacyclin, plasma norepinephrine levels, renin activity and aldosterone concentrations rose from 824 +/- 375 to 880 +/- 468 pg/ml (NS), 0.68 +/- 1.36 to 0.95 +/- 1.21 ng/ml per h (NS), and 6.64 +/- 2.50 to 6.38 +/- 2.88 ng/dl (NS), respectively, while plasma epinephrine increased from 140 +/- 80 to 250 +/- 154 pg/ml (p less than 0.025). PMID- 7048887 TI - Timing of operation for chronic aortic regurgitation. AB - Left ventricular systolic function is an important determinant of long-term prognosis in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation. Data from several centers, using invasive and noninvasive assessment of left ventricular function, indicate that long-term postoperative survival is excellent, even in symptomatic patients, if preoperative left ventricular systolic function is normal. The long term postoperative results are significantly worse in symptomatic patients with preoperative left ventricular systolic dysfunction, many of whom appear to have irreversible left ventricular failure before the onset of symptoms and are at a risk of late postoperative death from congestive heart failure. However, within this high risk subgroup long-term prognosis is excellent for patients, despite left ventricular dysfunction, if preoperative exercise capacity is preserved. In these patients, left ventricular dysfunction is likely to be reversible after operation. Hence, all patients with left ventricular dysfunction at rest should undergo aortic valve replacement, even if severe symptoms and deterioration in exercise tolerance have not developed. Once exercise tolerance becomes limited in such patients, the likelihood of irreversible left ventricular dysfunction is increased, and long-term postoperative survival is threatened. PMID- 7048888 TI - Two dimensional echocardiography and intravenous digital video subtraction angiography for diagnosis and evaluation of double aortic arch. AB - Two infants and one 7 year old child with double aortic arch are described in whom subcostal two dimensional echocardiography identified the bifurcation of the aorta high within the thorax and imaged the proximal portions of the right and left aortic arches. In one of the infants and in the 7 year old child, the diagnosis was confirmed using intravenous digital video subtraction angiography, thus avoiding aortography and permitting accurate evaluation of the anatomic features. All cases were confirmed surgically. If X-ray examination after barium swallow and clinical history are suggestive of double aortic arch, two dimensional echocardiography is useful in verifying this possibility. Intravenous digital video subtraction angiography provides the capability for precise documentation of the anatomic features. PMID- 7048889 TI - Task force III: diagnostic procedures. Emergency cardiac care. PMID- 7048890 TI - Comparison of the metabolic responses to fructose and sucrose sweetened foods. AB - We studied the acute effects of oral ingestion of fructose and sucrose sweetened cakes and ice creams on postprandial serum glucose and insulin responses in 10 normal subjects, six subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, and 10 noninsulin dependent diabetic subjects. The data demonstrate that: 1) ingestion of fructose cakes and ice creams resulted in lower serum glucose and insulin responses than did the sucrose cakes and ice creams in all study groups; 2) when comparing cakes to ice creams, the serum glucose and insulin responses after ice cream ingestion were lower than responses after cake ingestion. In conclusion, when fructose is incorporated as a sweetener in a complex food product, it is associated with significantly lower serum glucose and insulin responses as compared to comparable sucrose sweetened foods. PMID- 7048891 TI - Changes in certain blood constituents during Ramadan. AB - Fasting serum cholesterol, triglycerides, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, uric acid, gastrin, and insulin were measured in a group of 24 Muslims at the beginning and end of Ramadan--the Muslim month of fasting. There was a significant increase in the levels of total serum cholesterol, thyroxine, and uric acid and a significant fall in body weight. There was no significant change in the levels of total serum triglycerides, triiodothyronine, gastrin, insulin (fasting), or in the rise in gastrin or insulin 1/2 h after food. These changes, although unlikely to affect normal people, may be significant in patients. Physicians working in Muslim countries should be aware that Ramadan may affect some laboratory findings. PMID- 7048892 TI - Chromium and insulin. PMID- 7048893 TI - Sartan (cancer) and its treatment in Unani Medicine. AB - The knowledge of Sartan (cancer) in the Unani (Greco-Arabian) systems of medicine can be traced to ancient times (131-200 A.D.). Like all other diseases its etiology has also been attributed to the combustion and imbalance of certain humors in the body. Unani simples-plants, animals and minerals-and formulations used for the treatment of the disease have been tabulated with recipes, methods of preparation, doses (wherever available) and modes of administration. The claims have been reviewed in the light of research work conducted in India during the last three decades. PMID- 7048894 TI - Nonsystemic mesangiopathic glomerulonephritis with "full house" immunofluorescence. Pathological and clinical observation in five patients. AB - Five patients, four women and one man, between the ages of 19-38 years developed nonsystemic renal glomerular disease. All presented with proteinuria (two with the nephrotic syndrome) and four had microhematuria. Biopsy revealed mesangial and focal proliferative glomerulonephritis with "full house" immunofluorescence (deposits containing IgG, IgM, IgA, C1q, C4, C3). The deposits were located primarily in the mesangium. After 10-58 months of follow-up, none has demonstrated any evidence of systemic illness. All had persistent proteinuria and two have shown evidence of progression of disease but none was in established renal failure. Because of the "full house" immunofluorescence, this entity resembles mesangial lupus nephritis and may be the nonsystemic counterpart of the latter illness analogous to the proposed relationship of IgA nephropathy to Henoch-Schonlein nephritis. PMID- 7048895 TI - Determination of LDL receptors on cultured lymphocytes using fluorescein-labeled LDL. AB - A rapid, sensitive procedure for the detection of LDL receptors on cell surface without using radioisotopes is described. Fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled LDL bound with cultured human lymphocytes, and the degree of that binding was compatible with that of 125 I-labeled LDL. The staining of cells with FITC LDL allows identification and enumeration of LDL-binding cells using fluorescence microscopy or a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). It is suggested that FITC-LDL can be applied for screening of patients with various degrees of activity in LDL receptors on their cell surfaces. PMID- 7048896 TI - The 1982 Division 27 award for distinguished contributions to community psychology and community mental health: George W. Albee. PMID- 7048897 TI - At what age do diabetic children give their own injections? AB - The age at which diabetic children gave themselves insulin injections (injection independence) was investigated by analysis of the notes on 66 children who attend the Oxford (England) Paediatric Diabetic Clinic. The mean age of injection independence was found to be 11.2 years (SD, 2.2 years). Sex, rank in the family, and family experience of diabetes had no effect on the age of injection independence. A group of 11 children were identified as being "late injectors," having not gained injection independence by the age of 14 years. No psychiatric or adverse psychosocial factors were found that distinguished this group from the 45 children who could give their own injections by this age. PMID- 7048898 TI - Peritonitis in childhood nephrotic syndrome: 1970-1980. AB - A retrospective review (1970 through 1980) of 351 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome disclosed 24 episodes of peritonitis in 19 patients. Twenty six percent of the patients had more than one episode. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common agent (50%), but Escherichia coli remained important (25%). Four cases (16%) were culture-negative. Signs of peritoneal irritation were present in all patients, including the 16 children receiving corticosteroid therapy. No morphological subtype of nephrotic syndrome could be demonstrated to be at increased risk for the development of peritonitis. Significantly decreased IgG levels and an apparent susceptibility to pneumococcal infection among blacks may be important risk factors. PMID- 7048899 TI - Gastric polyps: a review. PMID- 7048900 TI - A matched-pair control study of postrenal transplant polycythemia. AB - Polycythemia developed in 18 of 133 first kidney allograft recipients (13.5%) with onset from the third month to the fifth year posttransplantation. A group of matched nonpolycythemic patients were used as case controls to compare multiple variables in order to identify predisposing factors. In the polycythemia group, there were: (1) significantly more patients who had not undergone pretransplant nephrectomy; (2) significantly more patients who had glomerulonephritis as original disease; (3) significantly more patients who had received pretransplant transfusions; and (4) significantly more patients who were hypertensive posttransplant. Thus, the factors of the presence of native kidneys, original disease, pretransplant transfusions as well as hypertension posttransplant are factors associated with the presence of posttransplant polycythemia. This condition is usually self-limiting and benign. PMID- 7048901 TI - Clinical and pathophysiologic aspects of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. AB - Aminoglycoside antibiotics continue to be a mainstay of therapy in the clinical management of gram negative infections, but a major factor in the clinical use of aminoglycosides is their nephrotoxicity. With gram negative organisms accounting for the majority of hospital acquired infections, the occurrence of aminoglycoside induced acute renal failure has become commonplace. Presently at least 10% of all cases of acute renal failure can be attributed to these antibiotics. This article will cover the renal handling of the aminoglycosides, the pathogenetic mechanisms of nephrotoxicity, and the clinical aspects of aminoglycoside induced acute renal failure with particular emphasis on recent data which have increased our understanding of the interaction of aminoglycosides with the renal tubular cell and the effects of this interaction on cellular function and integrity. PMID- 7048902 TI - The effect of dialysate sodium concentration on body fluid compartment volume, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration in chronic hemodialysis patients. AB - Six stable chronic hemodialysis patients received six hemodialysis treatments: two each with the dialysate sodium concentration (DNa) 7% greater than serum sodium concentration, two with a DNa equal to serum sodium concentration and two with the DNa 7% less than the serum sodium concentration. During one treatment with each dialysate 2 kg of fluid was removed and during the other treatments the patient's weight was kept constant. Total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), plasma volume (PV), plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (ALDO), Na, BUN and osmolality were determined before and after each treatment. Fluid removal during dialysis had no effect on ICW with essentially all the fluid removed during dialysis coming from ECW. ICW increased with low DNa and decreased with high DNa. The effect of DNa on ECW and PV was the opposite of that on ICW. PRA increased and ALDO decreased during dialysis. Predialysis ALDO directly correlated with PRA (r = 0.68, p less than 0.001) but not with serum potassium concentration. Post dialysis ALDO was not significantly correlated with either PRA or potassium. Fluid removal and low DNa increased both PRA and ALDO. These studies indicate that water shifts from the extracellular space into intracellular space when DNa is lower than serum Na and the reverse is true when DNa exceeds serum Na. Plasma aldosterone decreases during dialysis despite an increase in PRA, possibly related to the decrease in serum potassium concentration. The effect of fluid removal and low DNa on PRA and ALDO may be related to a reduction in ECW and/or PV. PMID- 7048903 TI - The role of heterologous antilymphocyte globulins in clinical transplantation. PMID- 7048904 TI - Antilymphocyte globulin: a clinical transplantation research opportunity. PMID- 7048905 TI - Beneficial effects of heterologous antilymphoid globulins in renal transplantation: one "believer's" view. PMID- 7048906 TI - Silent diffuse lupus nephritis: long-term follow-up. AB - We have previously described (Medicine 56:493, 1977) 12 patients with diffuse lupus glomerulonephritis who had no clinical or laboratory evidence of renal involvement at the time of the initial biopsy. In this article we report the course of 10 of these patients followed for 5-11 yr (mean 83 mo). One patient died in renal failure and two others of related causes (septicemia and subarachnoid hemorrhage). Seven patients (Group I) had a benign course from a renal standpoint, with stable renal function and mild or no urinary abnormalities. Repeat biopsy in four patients in this group revealed near complete resolution of the original lesion in two and considerable improvement in two others, who now have primarily mesangial hypercellularity and a focal lesion, respectively. Renal function deteriorated in three patients (Group II), resulting in loss of congruent to 50% of GFR in two and renal death in the third. Repeat biopsy in one of these patients showed a more severe, albeit focal, glomerulonephritis. Prognosis for renal function appears better in patients with silent nephropathy, but larger numbers are required to substantiate this impression. Until definitive answers become available, we believe it prudent to biopsy SLE patients even in the absence of overt renal involvement and to treat those with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7048907 TI - Chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of workers exposed to styrene. PMID- 7048908 TI - Hair cadmium content: is it a biological indicator of the body burden of cadmium for the occupationally exposed worker? AB - The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the cadmium (Cd) levels measured in scalp hair as a potential predictive index of the body burden of Cd. In vivo measurements of kidney and liver Cd along with hair, blood, and urine Cd levels were obtained in 29 industrially-exposed workers and ten control subjects. The relationship of hair Cd levels to the Cd values for the kidney, liver, blood, and urine were tested using nonparametric analyses. In the control group no statistically significant correlations were found. In the Cd-exposed workers with more than one year of employment there were weak correlations (p approximately equal to 0.05); however, the relationships were not sufficiently quantitative for predicting the status of an individual worker. Furthermore, when workers with less than one year of exposure were included in the analysis, no significant correlations were obtained. Although this latter group of workers had low body burdens of Cd, exceptionally high Cd concentrations were found in their hair--an observation that was unexpected. It was concluded that hair Cd levels are not a good index of body burden of Cd in the industrially-exposed individual. PMID- 7048909 TI - Byssinosis--an historical perspective. AB - Based on the history of the growing awareness and recognition of ailments associated with the manufacture of cotton, it is concluded that recognition of byssinosis in the United States came late. In the American south byssinosis existed in an industry and within a social framework that helped to retard the acceptance of byssinosis as an undesirable but controllable disease. As late as the 1960s, United states medical opinion declared the disease nonexistent in American textile mills. In 1970, the scientific community showed that byssinosis existed in the United States. Mobilization of public opinion, changes in social attitudes, new scientific evidence, and the Occupational Safety and Health Act led to the setting of a standard to control and eradicate byssinosis. Controversy and debate over policy have brought the impact of scientific, sociopolitical, and economic inputs into health policy decisions, the altering perceptions of hazard, and the continually changing definition of risk into focus. PMID- 7048910 TI - O'Bannon v. Town Court Nursing Center: patients' right to participate in nursing home decertification. AB - A decertification action by the Department of Health and Human Services (formerly the Department of Health, Education and Welfare) substantially impacts on the lives of Medicaid patients who reside in the affected nursing home. Decertification means that the federal government, the state government, or both will no longer pay for the care of Medicaid patients in the decertified home. Thus, a decision to decertify necessitates the transfer of elderly and infirm Medicaid patients out of the decertified home. Since this transfer may threaten the lives and health of these patients, they should be granted the right to participate in pre-decertification proceedings. However, in O'Bannon v. Town Court Nursing Center, the Supreme Court decided that patients do not have the right to participate in predecertification proceedings. The Court rejected the patients' due process arguments, finding: 1) that decertification does not deprive the patients of any constitutionally protected interest in life, liberty, or property; and 2) that any adverse consequences of decertification are only an "indirect and incidental" result of government action. This Comment analyzes the Supreme Court opinion and concludes that the patients have protectable property and life interests that entitle them to participate in some form of hearing prior to the decertification of the nursing home where they reside. In addition, this Comment suggests alternative methods for asserting nursing home patients' legal rights. PMID- 7048911 TI - Overview of acyclovir pharmacokinetic disposition in adults and children. AB - The metabolic disposition and pharmacokinetics of acyclovir have been studied as part of the clinical evaluation of the drug in humans. Data from 10 studies have been summarized and, when appropriate, pooled across studies for further analysis. The principal findings are as follows: Renal excretion is the major route of elimination of acyclovir and is dependent, in part, on active tubular secretion. Total body clearance (Cltot) and half-life are dependent on renal function as evaluated by estimated creatinine clearance (Clcr). Cltot is markedly reduced in the anuric patient. Plasma protein binding is low and drug interactions involving binding displacement are not anticipated. Acyclovir levels in cerebrospinal fluid are approximately 50 percent of corresponding plasma levels. Dose-independent pharmacokinetics is observed in the range of 0.5 to 15 mg/kg. Proportionality between dose and plasma levels is seen after single doses or at steady state after multiple dosing. Similar plasma levels are achieved in adults and pediatric patients (greater than 1 year) when equivalent doses are given based on body surface area. Intrasubject variability of acyclovir disposition is low. Much but not all intersubject variability in Cltot can be explained by differences in renal function. Dosage adjustment for various stages of renal impairment are proposed based on the observed relationship between Cltot and Clcr. PMID- 7048912 TI - Acyclovir clinical pharmacology. An overview. AB - The current status of pharmacokinetic and toxicologic information on acyclovir is reviewed from a clinical pharmacologist's perspective. Acyclovir pharmacokinetics is accurately described by a two-compartment open model. The volume of distribution at steady state is about two-thirds of the body weight. The half life of its beta phase of elimination is about three hours with normal renal function and increases to about 18 hours with anuria. Hemodialysis removes about 60 percent of the acyclovir in the body. The pharmacokinetics is independent of dose at least up to 15 mg/kg. Acyclovir is minimally (15 percent) protein-bound an only a small percentage (15 percent) of an intravenous dose is metabolized in persons with normal renal function. Acyclovir is eliminated primarily by glomerular filtration with a small addition from tubular secretion. The toxicity of acyclovir seems to be acceptably low. Local irritation with extravasation exists. Transient glomerular dysfunction is occasionally seen after bolus administration. Other side effects remain to be clearly established. PMID- 7048913 TI - Acyclovir concentrations and tolerance during repetitive administration for 18 days. AB - Acyclovir, a new antiherpetic agent, was administered for 18 days to 10 recipients of bone marrow transplants as a part of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessing its prophylactic efficacy and safety. Renal glomerular function diminished over the time of the study in the 10 acyclovir treated and 10 placebo-treated patients. The decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) did not differ significantly between the two groups and is unlikely to be associated with acyclovir. The pharmacokinetics of acyclovir is expected to be altered by a change in GFR since glomerular filtration is probably the major process involved with the excretion of acyclovir. Such an alteration was seen as an increase over time of both peak (one hour after the end of an infusion) and trough (immediately before a dose) plasma acyclovir concentrations. Although peak and trough acyclovir concentrations rose from 8.5 to 15.8 microM and from 1.7 to 4.1 microM, respectively, these rises are fully attributable to the decreases in GFR seen in both drug- and placebo-treated groups. The placebo-controlled and blinded nature of this trial allows an assessment of the effects of acyclovir on a battery of hematologic, renal, and hepatic tests. The only adverse effects observed that statistically differed in the acyclovir-treated group compared with controls were the rises in SGOT (53.2 +/- (SEM) 19.9 versus 3.1 +/- 12.2) and SGPT (59.7 +/- 15.3 versus 12.3 +/- 13.8). PMID- 7048914 TI - Multicenter collaborative trial of intravenous acyclovir for treatment of mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in the immunocompromised host. AB - Intravenous acyclovir was evaluated in the treatment of 97 immunocompromised patients with mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Acyclovir recipients had significantly shorter periods of virus shedding (p less than 0.0002) and lesion pain (p less than 0.01), and more rapid lesion scabbing (p less than 0.004) and lesion healing (p less than 0.04). The most common adverse reaction was a low incidence of peripheral vein irritation; no serious toxicity could be definitely attributed to acyclovir treatment even in these seriously ill patients. Intravenous acyclovir offers both safe and effective treatment for mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in the immunocompromised host. PMID- 7048916 TI - Preclinical toxicology profile of acyclovir: an overview. PMID- 7048915 TI - Mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infections in immunocompromised patients. A model for evaluation of topical antiviral agents. AB - Forty-three immunocompromised patients with progressive cutaneous herpes simplex virus infections were studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of topically applied acyclovir. Patients were randomized and 22 received acyclovir and 21 placebo; medications were applied four times daily for 10 days. Both study populations were balanced for all demographic characteristics. Acyclovir therapy resulted in no median differences in time to total healing compared with placebo responses, p = 0.13. However, those patients who received the acyclovir ceased shedding virus more rapidly, p less than 0.001, and lost pain more readily, p = 0.04, than placebo counterparts. Neither group experienced adverse effects. Because of the protracted nature of mucocutaneous herpes simplex infections in these patients, the immunocompromised host provides a good model for evaluation of topical antiviral therapy. PMID- 7048917 TI - Clinical evaluation of acyclovir in the treatment of ulcerative herpetic keratitis. AB - For treatment of herpetic keratitis, 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR) has been the only drug available in Japan. However, IUdR is not completely satisfactory, and alternative antivirals are required. The Association for Research in Infectious Diseases of the Eye, Japan, carried out a clinical trial in 92 cases of ulcerative herpetic keratitis using 3 percent acyclovir ophthalmic ointment to determine its efficacy and safety. In 63 eyes, it had an excellent effect and ulcers healed within seven days. In 26 eyes, it had a good effect and ulcers healed within 14 days or became half-size within seven days. Therefore, the response to acyclovir in 96.8 percent of cases was excellent or good. The average healing time in 81 eyes in which ulcers disappeared within 14 days was 5.8 +/- 3.4 days. Including the five eyes in which ulcers took more than 14 days to heal, the average healing time of ulcers was 6.6 +/- 4.8 days. Of the 92 patients treated with acyclovir ointment, one had contact blepharoconjunctivitis and another complained of mild irritation. Mild punctate keratitis, as another side effect of acyclovir ointment, was observed in 22 eyes (23.9 percent) by photo slit lamp examination, but in these patients it was possible to continue treatment without complaint. PMID- 7048918 TI - Double-blind clinical trial of acyclovir and adenine arabinoside in herpetic corneal ulceration. AB - The results of a double-blind clinical trials of acyclovir and adenosine arabinoside (ara-A) in 93 patients with herpetic keratitis demonstrated a significantly faster healing rate for acyclovir (p less than 0.01). Ulcers in 45 (94 percent) of acyclovir-treated patients and 37 (82 percent) of ara-A-treated patients healed within 14 days. No serious side effects were observed. PMID- 7048919 TI - Double-blind controlled trial of topical acyclovir in genital herpes simplex virus infections. AB - Sixty-nine patients with first episodes and 111 with recurrent episodes of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection were enrolled in a double-blind trial comparing a 5 percent topical acyclovir ointment versus placebo, polyethylene glycol (PEG). Among acyclovir recipients with first episodes of genital herpes, the mean duration of viral shedding from genital lesions, 2.0 days, mean duration of local pain or itching, 3.6 days, and mean time to healing of lesions, 11.2 days, were less than in placebo recipients 4.6, 6.7, and 15.8 days, respectively (p less than 0.05 for each comparison). Among patients with recurrent genital herpes, the mean duration of viral shedding from genital lesions was 0.8 days in acyclovir recipients compared with 1.7 days in placebo recipients (p less than 0.001). Among men with recurrent genital herpes, the mean time to crusting and healing of lesions was 3.5 and 7.5 days in acyclovir recipients compared with 5.0 and 9.7 days in placebo recipients, p = 0.03 and 0.07, respectively. No significant differences in the duration of symptoms or healing times were noted between acyclovir- and placebo-treated women with recurrent genital herpes. Acyclovir therapy was not associated with a decrease in frequency of clinical recurrences or an increase in the time of the next recurrence in patients with either first or recurrent genital herpes. Topical acyclovir appears effective in shortening some of the clinical manifestations of genital HSV infections. PMID- 7048920 TI - Oral acyclovir in the treatment of genital herpes. Preliminary report of a multicenter trial. AB - Ninety patients with genital herpes (29 initial and 61 recurrent episodes) were entered into a double-blind randomized trial of oral acyclovir and placebo. Treatment consisted of 200 mg acyclovir five times a day for five days or matching placebo. Therapy was initiated a mean of 2.8 days and 1.0 days after onset of lesions in initial and recurrent infections respectively. The 13 culture positive patients with initial disease who received acyclovir had a shorter median duration in days of viral shedding (1.0), pain (3.5), combined symptoms (3.5), time to crusting (3.5), and time to complete healing (5.5) than the 11 culture-positive placebo recipients whose scores were 8.0, 4.5, 4.5, 9.0, and 11.0 respectively (p less than 0.05 for all comparisons). Patients with recurrent disease receiving acyclovir also experienced a reduction in the median duration in days of viral shedding (0.5), time to crusting (men only) (3.0), and time to complete healing (5.0), compared with 2.5, 4.0, and 7.0 days, respectively, for control patients (p less than 0.01 for each variable). New lesion formation was effectively prevented by acyclovir in patients with both initial and recurrent infections (p less than 0.05). Oral acyclovir therapy was well-tolerated and shortened the course of both initial and recurrent genital herpes. PMID- 7048921 TI - Controlled trial of oral acyclovir in the therapy of recurrent herpes simplex genitalis. A preliminary report. AB - A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of orally administered acyclovir in the treatment of patients with recurrent herpes simplex genitalis (HSG). A total of 107 patients from centers in Burlington, Vermont, and San Diego, California, were entered into the study within 48 hours of the onset of lesions. Patients who received acyclovir shed virus for 1.8 +/- 0.6 days (mean +/- SEM) compared with 2.8 +/- 1.2 days for those who received placebo. The duration of shedding from genital lesions of patients in the acyclovir-treated group was significantly less than from lesions of patients who received placebo (p = 0.016 by a logrank test). An analysis of the toxicity of the drug was performed in 52 of the study participants. Acyclovir was well-tolerated and no alterations were observed in measurements of bone marrow, liver, or kidney function. Orally administered acyclovir is a promising antiviral compound for the treatment of recurrent HSG. PMID- 7048922 TI - Patient-initiated therapy for recurrent genital herpetic infections. AB - Therapy for recurrent genital herpes is difficult to evaluate because of the short duration of lesions and viral shedding. Very early treatment, however, can be begun by patients who experience prodromes before onset of lesions. We have found prodromes to occur in 73 percent of male and 84 percent of female patients; 57 percent of the men and 68 percent of the women experienced prodromes in at least three out of every four recurrent episodes. Variables that might affect results of such a patient-initiated study evaluating topical acyclovir included: application of the ointment (drug or placebo) without prodrome (10 percent); the possibility of a false prodrome (less than or equal to 10 percent); long intervals between experiencing a prodrome and ointment application (15 percent greater than 24 hours); the inability to sense a prodrome during sleep; lack of ointment application to the involved areas with initial or later lesions (approximately 15 percent); noncompliance of enrollees in returning for study evaluations (greater than or equal to 10 percent). Such variables will need to be considered when the code is broken in this multicenter study, as well as for patient-initiated studies with other formulations of acyclovir or with other drugs. Earlier negative studies with other agents given within two to three days of appearance of lesions might also require reevaluation with similar patient initiated studies. PMID- 7048923 TI - Intravenous acyclovir in genital herpes. An interim report. AB - Twenty-five patients with primary genital herpes were treated in a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of intravenous acyclovir. Thirteen patients received the drug and 12 a placebo. Three in each group were male. In the acyclovir group 10 patients had true primary herpes compared with six in the control group. The median time to healing of all lesions was significantly decreased from 11 to seven days (p less than 0.05), and the median duration of viral shedding from all lesions was decreased from eight to two days (p less than 0.001). The time to cessation of new lesions was decreased from a median of two days to zero days (p less than 0.001). Intravenous acyclovir is an effective treatment in decreasing the length and severity of primary genital herpes. PMID- 7048924 TI - Effect of acyclovir on various murine in vivo and in vitro immunologic assay systems. AB - In two in vitro tests, lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and neutrophil chemotaxis, acyclovir showed no inhibitory effects at concentrations as high as 600 microM. The compound inhibited rosette formation with nonimmune mouse lymphocytes in vitro by approximately 50 percent at 15.8 microM. The significance of this inhibition is unclear. In four in vivo tests in mice which measured humoral and cell-mediated immunity (complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement-independent cellular cytotoxicity, delayed hypersensitivity and graft versus host reaction) acyclovir showed no inhibitory effects at single doses up to 200 mg/kg given on day 2 after antigenic stimulation. Four daily doses of acyclovir at 50 mg/kg per day had no effect on the numbers of hemolytic IgM antibody-forming cells in the spleen when assayed on day 4. At the higher dosage of 100 mg/kg per day for four days, there was a slight reduction in the numbers of these cells. There was no significant decrease in hemagglutinin or hemolysin antibody titers after four daily doses of acyclovir up to 200 mg/kg. PMID- 7048925 TI - Controlling the quality of blood gas results. PMID- 7048926 TI - Past perfect: John Humphrey Noyes, stirpiculture, and the Oneida community - part II. PMID- 7048927 TI - Brief clinical report: ring chromosome 17 in a mentally retarded young man - clinical, cytogenetic, and biochemical investigations. AB - A young, mentally retarded man with seizures was discovered to have a ring chromosome 17. He had no major anomalies. The phenotype associated with r(17) probably is variable. The patient's deletion and genotype allowed us to reduce further the chromosome location of the acid alpha-glucosidase gene. PMID- 7048928 TI - The image of nurses in novels. PMID- 7048929 TI - Short versus long course of prophylactic antibiotics. AB - The use of prophylactic antibiotics to reduce post-cesarean section febrile morbidity has been advocated since 1968. Although this approach has theoretical and actual disadvantages, all but one study found a reduction in febrile morbidity when prophylactic antibiotics were used. An unresolved question was the duration of antibiotic therapy. A double-blind randomized study compared a long course of ampicillin (3 days) to a short course of ampicillin (three doses) to placebo. The long course of prophylactic antibiotics reduced febrile morbidity significantly better (p less than 0.025) than the short course, and hospital stay was also significantly reduced when compared to placebo (significance, p less than 0.01). A longer course (3 days) of antibiotics was superior to a short course (three doses) in situations in which prophylactic antibiotics were used. PMID- 7048930 TI - The association between the absence of amniotic fluid bacterial inhibitory activity and intra-amniotic infection. AB - We studied the relationship of amniotic fluid bacterial inhibition in 50 patients with intra-amniotic infection to that in 50 matched control patients. Amniotic fluid was collected through a transcervical intrauterine catheter. All infected patients had clinical signs of intra-amniotic infection and greater than or equal to 10 2 colony-forming units per milliliter of a high-virulence organism. None of the control patients became infected. The matching characteristics for the intra amniotic infection group versus the control group were: interval from rupture of the membranes to delivery (14.30 +/- 7.96 versus 15.00 +/- 7.19 hours, NS), interval from rupture of the membranes to collection of amniotic fluid (12.41 +/- 6.37 versus 12.16 +/- 6.46 hours NS), and gestational age (40.3 +/- 1.6 versus 40.0 +/- 1.6 weeks, NS). All patients were in labor. We tested each sample of amniotic fluid for inhibitory activity to Escherichia coli by a plate-count technique. Thirty-five samples (70%) of intra-amniotic infection fluid were noninhibitory, whereas 16 samples (32%) of control fluid were noninhibitory. The conclusion was that amniotic fluid from patients with intra-amniotic infection was significantly less likely to be inhibitory to E. coli (p less than 0.001). PMID- 7048931 TI - Metabolism of 3H-dopamine by human chorioamnion in vitro. AB - Previous investigation has demonstrated biologically significant concentrations of catecholamines in amniotic fluid, which increase with gestation. The half life, metabolic clearance rate, and metabolic fate of these hormones in the amniotic compartment are yet to be established. This study was undertaken to demonstrate the ability of human chorioamnion to metabolize dopamine in vitro. Incubation experiments demonstrated that 3H-dopamine is rapidly metabolized to dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-methoxy, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3-methoxy, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol-all products of monoamine oxidase. No significant 3 methoxytyramine, a catechol-o-methyltransferase product, was observed. Incubation experiments with pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, resulted in significant reduction in 3H-dopamine metabolism. Catecholamines and their interaction with prostaglandin synthesis have been theorized to be a fetal signal for the initiation of parturition. The ability of chorioamnion to metabolize catecholamine could, therefore, provide another control mechanism by which fetal catecholamines are modulated. PMID- 7048932 TI - Evaluation of topically applied trans-retinoic acid in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial lesions. AB - The prevention and/or suppression of preneoplastic foci in animals has been convincingly demonstrated with the use of a variety of compounds, including retinoids. We report here a phase I/II trial of beta-trans-retinoic acid delivered via a collagen sponge/diaphragm insert for neoplasia of the cervix. Eighteen patients with biopsy-proved grades 2 and 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia underwent four consecutive daily applications of trans-retinoic aicd to the cervix. Conization of the cervix was performed 4 weeks later. Significant vaginal toxicity in 10 of 18 (55%) patients was unrelated to the concentration or carrying media of the drug. A reduction in size of the intraepithelial lesion was noted by colposcopy in six of 18 (33%) patients with complete resolution of disease at conization in two patients. A new delivery system designed to avoid vaginal toxicity while defining the optimal concentration and dosing schedule for these patients is currently under investigation. PMID- 7048933 TI - Antenatal ultrasound diagnosis of holoprosencephaly: a case report. PMID- 7048934 TI - Induction of labor in patients with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7048935 TI - Correlation of quantitative amniotic fluid cultures with endometritis after cesarean section. AB - At the time cesarean section, amniotic fluid was collected transabdominally from 60 patients, and quantitative cultures were performed on the amniotic fluid. A culture was defined as positive if greater than or equal to 10(2) colony-forming units per milliliter of a high-virulence organism were isolated. Any other result was defined as negative. In 24 patients with no labor or rupture of the membranes, no positive cultures were found, but there was a 25% incidence of endometritis. Among 36 patients with labor or rupture of the membranes, or both, 13 (36%) had a positive culture. Twelve of the 13 (92%) developed endometritis, whereas nine of the 23 (39%) patients with a negative culture had endometritis (p less than 0.002). The usual clinical risk factors for endometritis were not different between the positive and negative culture groups. However, the patients with positive cultures had a significantly shorter time interval from cesarean section to endometritis than did the patients with negative cultures (p less than 0.02). There was an excellent correlation between a positive amniotic fluid culture and endometritis after cesarean section. PMID- 7048936 TI - Protease and protease inhibitory activity in pregnant and postpartum involuting uterus. AB - The presence of two distinct proteolytic activities in the rat uterus was confirmed with 14C-labeled globin used as a sensitive protein substrate and following release of label into the trichloroacetic acid-soluble supernatant fraction. Protease I is a cytoplasmic acid protease while protease II is associated with the pellet fraction, can be extracted by 0.6 M sodium chloride, and is active at pH 7.0. Protease I activity is low during pregnancy and markedly increases at term achieving maximal activity at day 3 post partum with a subsequent decline to preterm activity values. Lactation did not affect the uterine protease I activity. Protease II activity is not significantly different during pregnancy, at term, and post partum. The presence of an inhibitor of protease I was suggested by a decrease in enzyme activity with an increased cytosolic protein concentration. The inhibitor also lessened bovine trypsin activity but had no effect on protease II. Although its inhibitory potency on trypsin fluctuated during the various uterine physiologic stages, these changes appeared to be statistically insignificant. Human uterine samples were also found to contain the two protease activities with similar changes in protease I post partum. It is suggested that, both in the rat and in man, uterine involution post partum is associated with a marked increase in activity of acid cytosolic protease, while a particulate neutral protease and a soluble inhibitor of trypsin, which are also present in uterine cells, do not appear to play a significant role in the dissolution of uterine tissues after parturition. PMID- 7048937 TI - A survey and evaluation of lantern tests of color vision. AB - This paper reports a survey of the lantern tests that have been or are used to evaluate the color vision of people who wish to enter occupations that require the ability to recognize colored signal lights reliably. The origin of each lantern is traced and the principal features of each are described. The available data concerning failure rate of normals, the failure rate of people with defective color vision, and the extent to which scores on lantern tests correlate with field trials are summarized. Despite the fact that lantern tests have been used since the turn of the century and that some lanterns have been in use for more than 30 years and some for much longer periods, the available validation data are incomplete and sometimes conflicting. However, the data do indicate that some lanterns may fail a significant proportion of normals and that there is considerable variation between lanterns in the proportion of color vision defectives that will fail. It is noted that most lanterns will pass some protanomals despite their reduced sensitivity to red light and correspondingly short visual range for red signals. The view of Cameron is supported that a more rational approach would be to made a clinical diagnosis of the type of color vision defect, to reject protanopes, deuteranopes, and protanomals and to use a lantern test only to determine which deuteranomals should be accepted. PMID- 7048938 TI - Carel C. Koch Memorial Lecture: another new responsibility for health professionals. PMID- 7048939 TI - Monroe J. Hirsch, O.D., Ph.D. (1917-1982). PMID- 7048940 TI - The antimicrobial removal device. A microbiological and clinical evaluation. AB - A parallel study of blood cultured conventionally and following processing in an Antimicrobial Removal Device (ARD) was conducted with patients suspected of being clinically bacteremic. Cultures yielded 205 isolates from 87 clinically bacteremic patients, of whom 28 were receiving antibiotics at the time their cultures were performed. Overall, ARD processing neither increased the isolation rate nor decreased the time interval required for detection of organisms compared with conventional processing. ARD processing was the only means of isolation of organisms from only seven of the 87 patients and three of the 28 receiving antibiotics, whereas conventional processing accounted for the only means of isolation of organisms from 17 of the 87 patients and nine of the 28 receiving antibiotics. ARD processing demonstrated no advantages over conventional processing of blood cultures. PMID- 7048941 TI - Comparison of lyophilized and frozen microtiter systems for routine MIC testing in the clinical laboratory. AB - Frozen microtiter plates (Micro-Media Systems, Inc.) and lyophilized microtiter plates (Sensititre--Seward Laboratory/Gibco Diagnostics) were used to perform simultaneous MIC determinations. Specimens were obtained from blood, urine and other clinical isolates. The authors found that there was good correspondence of results with the frozen microtiter MIC plates and the lyophilized microtiter MIC plates. After careful evaluation, the authors conclude that the lyophilized product is as stable and as reproducible as the frozen product. The lyophilized product is more easily and conveniently stored, has a longer shelf life and is more flexible. PMID- 7048942 TI - Prevalence of antibody to Chlamydia in renal transplant recipients and other population groups. AB - The serologic response to Chlamydia was determined with three sequential serum specimens from 25 renal transplant recipients (RTR) and from 25 blood donors who were matched for age and sex with the study group. Antibodies to Chlamydia were also measured in serum specimens from several other populations. The geometric mean titers (GMT) were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) for infants with pneumonia (1:6927) and women attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic (1:35) compared with pregnant women (1:25), normal infants, less than 23 weeks of age (1:11), and RTR (1:13). Titer increases of greater than or equal to fourfold were detected in 4 of 25 (16%) RTR, but could not be correlated with clinical pneumonia. Because of the high background prevalence (20% in RTR, 80% in STD patients), combined with low GMT of chlamydial antibody in these groups, the serologic diagnosis of respiratory tract infections in immunosuppressed adults required serial serum specimens. PMID- 7048943 TI - Clinical psychopharmacology--some problems in methodologic and experimental design. AB - While enormous strides have been made in clinical psychopharmacologic research during the past decade, fundamental improvements in methodologic and experimental designs are needed, if we are to have meaningful progress in the future. The challenges noted here are equally relevant to research in clinical psychotherapy. PMID- 7048944 TI - Endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinoma: an immunoperoxidase and histochemical study. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been demonstrated in endocervical but not in endometrial adenocarcinomas, suggesting a valuable differentiating feature. Using an immunoperoxidase technique for CEA, alcian blue (AB)-periodic acid-Schiff stain for acidic and neutral mucosubstances, respectively, and Mayer's mucicarmine for epithelial mucosubstances, 13 endocervical and 21 endometrial adenocarcinomas were studied to delineate differentiating criteria. CEA was present in all endocervical adenocarcinomas with strongly positive immunostaining in 69%, diffusely throughout the tumor in 77%, intracellularly in 77%, in luminal secretions in 39%, and at the cell surface in 31%. Only 11 (52%) endometrial adenocarcinomas contained CEA, 82% with weak immunostaining, 64% focally, 82% at the cell surface and 36% intracellularly. Mucin was present in 12 (92%) endocervical lesions with AB-positive intracellular and luminal secretion in 83%, strong positivity in 42%, and a diffuse distribution in 60% with all three stains. Moderate or small amounts of mucin were present in 19 (91%) endometrial lesions, focally in 80%, in luminal secretions in 94%, and intracellularly in 42%. Thus, the majority of endocervical adenocarcinomas showed abundant diffusely distributed intracellular CEA and mucin, and mucinous luminal secretions. Half of the endometrial adenocarcinomas contained focal small amounts of apical surface CEA. Mucin was present focally particularly in luminal secretions. PMID- 7048945 TI - Fighting disease-bearing mosquitoes through relentless field leadership. PMID- 7048946 TI - Comparative analyses of the ribosomal RNA from four isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. AB - The T1-resistant oligonucleotides of the ribosomal RNAs from four isolates of Plasmodium falciparum, the Southeast Asian strain FCR-1/Vietnam, the West African strains FCR-3/Gambia and FCR-8/West Africa, and an isolate from Honduras, were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparison of the largest 33--35 oligonucleotides indicated that 30 were common to all four of the isolates examined, with each isolate giving a characteristic pattern. Similar analyses were undertaken with cloned preparations of the FCR-3/Gambia isolate to determine if variation within a population of parasites could be detected. The patterns obtained for the five clones examined were identical. PMID- 7048947 TI - Surface interactions between macrophages and Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Macrophages from the peritoneal cavities of normal mice or mice previously immunized with epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi were incubated with sera from normal or immunized mice and then infected with T. cruzi epimastigotes or trypomastigotes. After 2 hours of incubation the specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Macrophages from immunized mice were observed to be qualitatively and quantitatively more effective in binding either parasite form than were macrophages from normal mice. Preincubation with specific antibody appeared to enhance parasite binding in all cases, and extracellular destruction of both epimastigote and trypomastigote forms was noted in these preparations. While extensive destruction of epimastigotes was seen with either normal or immune macrophages pre-incubated with antibody, lysis of trypomastigotes was typically seen only in the presence of both immune macrophages and specific antibody. PMID- 7048948 TI - Oltipraz--antischistosomal efficacy in Sudanese infected with Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Oltipraz was administered orally to 62 hospitalized male Sudanese infected with Schistosoma mansoni. The patients were split into two equal groups; one group received a total dose of 25 mg/kg body weight, the other group received 35 mg/kg. Half of the total dose was given with breakfast, the second half with supper. In general, the drug was well tolerated although some vomiting was observed 3--5 hours after the second half-dose. Blood chemistry and hematology remained normal 24 hours after administration of oltipraz. The cure rate was above 95% for both groups at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Stratification of patients by eggs/g feces clearly indicated that the drug was equally efficacious for patients excreting high, medium or low numbers of eggs. Our results indicate that further trials will be necessary with lower doses of oltipraz in order to determine its antischistosomal potency. PMID- 7048949 TI - Failure to detect hypnozoites in hepatic tissue containing exoerythrocytic schizonts of Plasmodium knowlesi. AB - Sections of paraffin-embedded rhesus liver containing numerous nearly mature exoerythrocytic schizonts of the non-relapsing malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi, were examined for the presence of hypnozoites by indirect immunofluorescence, employing both homologous and strongly cross-reacting heterologous sera. No hypnozoites or evident hypnozoite equivalents were detected in tissue which, by analogy with results obtained for the relapsing species, P. cynomolgi bastianellii, should have contained 35--50 of the uninucleate forms. These observations are presented as additional evidence in favor of the hypnozoite theory of malarial relapse. PMID- 7048950 TI - Strongyloides infection and meningitis in an immunocompromised host. AB - Strongyloidiasis and aseptic meningitis occurred in a renal transplant recipient who was receiving immunosuppressive drugs. Cure followed therapy with antibiotic administration for 3 days combined with oral thiabendazole, suggesting parasitic infection as the most likely cause of meningitis. Awareness of this disease and need for prompt institution of therapy is stressed. Prophylactic administration of thiabendazole is probably preventive. PMID- 7048951 TI - David M. Hume Memorial Lecture: better early than late. PMID- 7048952 TI - Carotid artery surgery based on digital subtraction angiography. AB - This study shows that digital subtraction angiography provides the morphologic criteria necessary for surgical intervention in most patients with carotid atheroma. Digital subtraction angiography provides a safe means of studying patients, with an overall sensitivity of 96 percent and specificity of 86 percent. Radiopaque casts of the operative specimen have been used as the gold standard, providing a suitable means of comparing the findings on digital subtraction angiography with the operative findings. Failure to obtain visualization of the vessels with biplanar views required conventional angiography to properly evaluate the vessels in 12 percent of patients. This technique represents a major advance in the study of carotid artery disease which may replace many of the current imaging techniques. PMID- 7048953 TI - First encounters with pheochromocytoma. The story of Mother Joachim. PMID- 7048954 TI - Modification of the Belsey Mark IV procedure. PMID- 7048955 TI - [Ethology and subversion]. PMID- 7048956 TI - Double-blind study of the treatment of the adynamic ileus with fructose-1,6 diphosphate. PMID- 7048957 TI - Ionizing irradiation and fasting in the rat. I. Effect on thyroid hormones. PMID- 7048958 TI - [The behavior of N2 and O2 gases during heating in porcelain fused to metal alloys (Ni-Cr type) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048959 TI - [The relation between the changes of microstructures of porcelain fused to precious alloys and the deformation of porcelain fused to crowns in the firing process (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048960 TI - [Studies on clinical biochemistry of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048961 TI - [The retention of the dowel-retained cast cores (author's transl)]. PMID- 7048962 TI - [Effect of an operation for artificial abortion on the female body and reproductive function]. PMID- 7048963 TI - [Asporogenous anaerobic infections in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 7048964 TI - [Choice of optimum method of delivery in severe variants of late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 7048965 TI - [Chlamydia as the causative agent in genital and neonatal infections]. PMID- 7048966 TI - Etiology of an anatomist's discoveries in dermatology. PMID- 7048967 TI - Histopathologic varieties of epidermal nevus. A study of 160 cases. AB - The histopathologic features of 167 biopsy specimens from 160 patients with clinically typical epidermal nevi seen at the Mayo clinic between 1960 and 1978 were reviewed. The most common histopathologic pattern of epidermal nevus was hyperkeratosis, papillomatosis, and acanthosis with elongation of rete ridges. Other histopathologic varieties of epidermal nevus included 1) acrokeratosis verruciformis-like, 2) epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, 3) seborrheic keratosis like, 4)psoriasiform (inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus), 5) verrucoid, 6) porokeratosis-like, 7) focal acantholytic dyskeratosis, and 8) nevus comedonicus. Correlation of clinical and histopathologic findings is necessary in all lesions suspected of being epidermal nevus. PMID- 7048968 TI - A public health approach for the control of the disease of alcoholism. PMID- 7048969 TI - Alcohol and endocrine systems interaction--Part I. PMID- 7048970 TI - The adverse effects of ethanol upon hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function in males and females compared and contrasted. PMID- 7048971 TI - Sex-related differences in ethanol-induced liver disease: artifactual or real? AB - The cross-sectional, observational studies from four groups which have reported a difference between males and females in susceptibility to ethanol-induced liver disease are reviewed. Crucial factors of representativeness of sampled groups, certainty of cirrhosis diagnosis, and quantitation of ethanol intake are examined. Attention is given to the direction of differences between males and females in the variables suggestive of differential susceptibility: age at presentation, years of excessive drinking, age at which excessive drinking began, percent of alcoholics of each sex diagnosed as having cirrhosis, age at death due to cirrhosis, daily ethanol intake, and the male to female ratio among cirrhotics as compared to alcoholics. Based on the consistency of findings among the studies reviewed, as demonstrated by replication of results obtained under different conditions of time, place, methodology, and subsamples of alcoholics studied, a conclusion of enhanced susceptibility to ethanol-induced liver disease among women is reached. Finally, factors which may lend biological plausibility to the above susceptibility differential are considered. PMID- 7048972 TI - Ethanol-associated selective fetal malnutrition: a contributing factor in the fetal alcohol syndrome. AB - The pathogenesis of the FAS, particularly the characteristic IUGR, may be due in part to ethanol-related placental injury. Ethanol and/ or acetaldehyde may impair placental transfer of nutrients essential for growth, e.g., amino acids. Such restriction could occur regardless of maternal nutritional status: selective fetal malnutrition. Impairment of placental nutrient transport at critical phases of fetal organogenesis could compound any direct fetotoxic effects of ethanol or acetaldehyde. The effect of ethanol upon human placental hormone synthesis and transport of vitamins, minerals, glucose, and nucleic acid precursors awaits further investigation. Similarly, potential interactions between ethanol and other xenobiotics commonly abused by alcoholics require clarification. PMID- 7048973 TI - Alcohol-induced deficits in the hypothalamic-pituitary-luteinizing hormone axis in the male. PMID- 7048974 TI - Alcoholic liver diseases in Portugal. Clinical and laboratory picture, mortality, and survival. AB - Six main types of histopathological changes were found in 463 patients with chronic alcoholism admitted during the 10-year period from 1966 to 1975: group I, normal liver in 2.6%; group II, fatty liver in 8.4%; group III, acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH) in 7.6%; group IV, cirrhosis with or without steatosis in 68.7%; group V, cirrhosis with AAH in 12.8%; group VI, liver cell carcinoma (LCC) in 1.9% (all of the latter patients were also included in group IV). Seventy-three % were males and 27% were females. Females tended to be older than males. Cirrhosis was found in 68% of the group between 21 and 30 yr and in 85% between 51 and 60 yr. Normal histology or steatosis was less frequent after the age of 50 yr. Ascites and jaundice were more frequent in patients with AAH than in patients with steatosis. The majority of patients had SGOT under 100 karmen units/ml; SGPT was normal in 80% of patients with cirrhosis and higher than 100 karmen units/ml in 10%. SGPT was higher than SGOT in only 11.9% of the patients. Mortality was 46.7% according to the followup until 1978. Survival was 38.4% at the end of the first year and decreased very slowly afterwards to 32.8% in males and 11.5% in females after a 5-yr period. PMID- 7048975 TI - Medical, nursing, and pharmacy students' attitudes towards alcoholism in Queensland, Australia. PMID- 7048976 TI - Behavioral evaluation of fetal alcohol education for physicians. AB - Assessment of clinical behavior has been neglected in evaluating alcohol training for professionals. Inclusion of a systematic drinking history in patient charts provides a sensitive yet simple behavioral marker. At Boston City Hospital, a Ten Question Drinking History (TQDH) was incorporated into a prenatal intake procedure and used to monitor staff behavior. Utilization of the TQDH, measured for six time periods, ranged from 92% to 33%. Obstetrical staff was more likely to complete the TQDH when the alcoholism research staff was visible in the clinic and readily available for consultation and referral. PMID- 7048977 TI - Blood pressure and alcohol intake in heart patients. AB - The association between alcohol consumption and blood pressure has been studied in 2025 male and 282 female patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography. The increase in amount of alcohol consumed correlated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure; this effect was especially pronounced in men over 50 years of age. The association was less marked in male patients under 50 years old, in women, and in patients on antihypertensive medication. Readings in the range of definitive hypertension were more prevalent among older patients consuming six or more drinks daily than in abstainers of the same age group. PMID- 7048978 TI - The in vivo metabolism of tertiary butanol by adult rats. AB - The metabolism of tertiary butanol has been considered to be limited to direct conjugation of the hydroxyl group. Therefore, the alcohol has been used to differentiate between the direct effects of ethanol and those caused by metabolism or metabolic products of ethanol. The in vitro oxidation of tertiary butanol has been reported, and in this report we describe the in vivo oxidation of tertiary butanol. Radiolabeled and stable isotope-labeled acetone was recovered from animals treated with corresponding labeled t-butanol. 14CO2 was also recovered from animals treated with [14C]t-butanol. PMID- 7048979 TI - Commentary on ethanol tolerance. PMID- 7048980 TI - Elevation of the hemoglobin A1 fraction in alcoholism. AB - The proportion of hemoglobin A1 was measured in 43 normoglycemic men and women admitted consecutively to an alcohol treatment center and in 41 healthy volunteers. On the average, the size of the fraction was significantly greater in the alcoholic patients than in the healthy subjects. The results of hemoglobin A1c determinations added independent evidence that this difference was not due to formation of any of the known glycosylated hemoglobins despite the fact that the alcohol-related hemoglobin was found to cochromatograph with hemoglobin A1c. The size of the hemoglobin A1 fraction was unrelated to the presence or absence of alcoholic hepatitis, although most patients having abnormally high serum hepatic enzyme activities were also found to have abnormal elevations of the A1 fraction. However, some patients with normal serum enzyme activities were among those having the highest values of the A1 fraction, indicating that the latter was a more sensitive indicator of excessive alcohol intake than were hepatic enzyme activities. The proportion of hemoglobin A1 in a patient followed over a period of 9 months rose to a maximum as the patient continued to drink. In a patient who abstained from drinking while under hospital care, the A1 fraction decreased towards normal with a half-time of 11 days. These observations are interpreted as evidence that alcohol-related hemoglobin is a product of a readily reversible reaction occurring at a maximal rate of 0.038 mM day-1, about 4 times as rapid as is the formation of hemoglobin A1c. PMID- 7048981 TI - Bleeding and coagulation abnormalities in alcoholic cirrhotic liver disease. AB - Coagulation profiles were performed in 30 consecutive alcoholic cirrhotic patients without known infection, malignancy, recent surgery, transfusion, or alcoholic intake. Hemorrhagic phenomena were present in 70% and included gastrointestinal bleeding, oozing from venipuncture sites, bruising, and epistaxis. All 30 patients had multiple liver function and coagulation abnormalities, the most frequent of which were increases in F VIII components and decreases in F XI and F VII. Also decreased in half or more of the 30 patients were Fletcher F, F II, F X, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), reptilase time (RT), anti-thrombin III, and plasminogen. When comparing cirrhotic bleeders with nonbleeders, four parameters were significantly different in those with a bleeding tendency: F VII, anti thrombin III, plasminogen, and albumin. The prolonged APTT was associated in four cases with a blocking inhibitor of unknown etiology. The prolonged TT and RT, in the absence of fibrin split products, fibrin monomers, DIC, or shortened euglobulin lysis time in any patient were suggestive of an abnormal fibrinogen, a dysfibrinogen. In three other patients, there was an inhibitor of the TT. Further investigation of the suspected dysfibrinogen in 21 patients by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the molecular weights of the Aalpha, Bbeta, and gamma polypeptide chains of fibrinogen were not different from normal. Two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis of the suspected dysfibrinogen was similar to normal in 18 of 21 patients, with loss of the initial shoulder in three. PMID- 7048982 TI - Arousal of ethanol-intoxicated comatose patients with naloxone. PMID- 7048983 TI - Alcohol and driving: changing the laws. PMID- 7048984 TI - Eighth Annual Symposium on Alcoholism-the Search for the Sources. January 20-22, 1982, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Abstracts. PMID- 7048985 TI - Abstracts of the First Congress of the International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism. July 6-10, 1982, Institut fur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Munich, Germany. PMID- 7048987 TI - [Reminiscences of Cajal on the 47th anniversary of his death]. PMID- 7048986 TI - [Necrologic session in memory of His Most Excellent Dr. Arturo Fernandez-Cruz Linan. 13 October 1981]. PMID- 7048989 TI - The history of barbiturates. PMID- 7048988 TI - [Expanded models for the regulation of blood glucose]. PMID- 7048990 TI - Status asthmaticus. Management of status asthmaticus complicated by surgical emphysema--avoidance of intermittent positive pressure ventilation. AB - The management of a case of status asthmaticus complicated by surgical emphysema is described. In view of voice changes, intubation was necessary but intermittent positive pressure ventilation was considered unwise, because of the surgical emphysema. A means of maintaining adequate sedation in an intubated patient whilst allowing spontaneous respiration is outlined. PMID- 7048991 TI - Safer sedation for ventilated patients. A new application for etomidate. AB - A technique is described for sedation of ventilated patients. Six patients who underwent major maxillofacial surgery were given low dose infusions of etomidate and fentanyl for postoperative sedation. Measurements of respiratory function were recorded before and during the period of intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Plasma etomidate levels were estimated. After initial stabilisation on almost constant rate of infusion was used to provide a reproducible level of sedation from which the patients were easily aroused. All patients maintained an adequate minute volume when disconnected from the ventilator. All measured and derived respiratory indices remained within normal limits. Patients exhibited amnesia throughout the period of infusion. All patients found this method of sedation pleasant. This technique may be recommended as an alternative to conventional methods of sedation for ventilated patients. PMID- 7048992 TI - [A new indicator to determine the optimal PEEP (author's transl)]. AB - To elucidate the optimal PEEP for respiratory treatment, respiratory and haemodynamic studies were performed on 12 normovolemic patients with ARDS for various levels of PEEP (PEEP = 0, 5, 10, 20 cm H2O). In this study, it became clear, that Suter's best PEEP (maximal O2 transport should be taken as a reference for optimal PEEP) cannot be used in practice because O2 transport is usually maximal in ZEEP (PEEP=0) and changes with the alteration of FIO2. We propose "intrapulmonary nonshunt flow ((Qt-Qs)" as a new indicator to determine the optimal PEEP. The level of PEEP to achieve the maximal intrapulmonary non shunt flow must be such that the decrease in intrapulmonary shunt flow is attained with minimal decrease of cardiac output. PMID- 7048993 TI - The influence of pressure swings on the output of plenum vaporizers. AB - The influence of pressure swings on the output of Drager Vapor, Drager Vapor 19, Cyprane Fluotec Mark 2, Cyprane Fluotec Mark 3 and Ohio halothane vaporizers was investigated. It is shown that significant deviations from the dial setting occur with all vaporizers if the swings are large enough. The sensitivity for pressure swings is largest at low dial settings and low carrier flow rates. The results indicate that swings, occurring during assisted or controlled intermittent positive pressure ventilation, can induce significant deviations at low carrier flow rates. The frequency and in-/expiration time ratio are relatively of minor importance. PMID- 7048994 TI - A new assay for proteases using fluorescent labeling of proteins. PMID- 7048995 TI - A technique for the detection of large DNA alterations in complex genomes. PMID- 7048996 TI - Selective precipitation orthophosphate from mixtures containing labile phosphorylated metabolites. PMID- 7048997 TI - Purification and characterization of the cytochrome P-448 component of a benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7048998 TI - Immunological quantitation of bacterial cells using a partition affinity ligand assay: a model study on the quantitation of streptococci B. PMID- 7048999 TI - Detection, identification, and partial characterization of serine proteases and esterases in biological systems. PMID- 7049000 TI - Analytical chemists on postage stamps. PMID- 7049001 TI - On the distribution of retinal afferents to the primate lateral geniculate nucleus. AB - A quantitative study has been carried out on the number of synaptic ring images, visible after neurofibrillar silver impregnation, in laminae 5 and 6 of the primate lateral geniculate nucleus in normal animals and after enucleation of the contralateral eye. In a statistical experiment the number of rings was found to be significantly increased between 6 and 11 d after unilateral enucleation in both lamina 6 and lamina 5 of the contralateral geniculate nucleus. Analysis of the time course of ring proliferation suggests the presence of 2 separate generative processes in lamina 6 at different times after enucleation. Only the second of these processes appears to exist in lamina 5. It is proposed that these observations are compatible with the hypothesis that there is a diffuse, sparse projection of collaterals of retinal Y axons from one eye to more than one lamina of the lateral geniculate nucleus. PMID- 7049002 TI - A cellular investment of bone marrow. AB - We describe a method for clearly separating the cell layers at the bone-marrow interface, which reveals that the myeloid tissue is invested by an epithelial like layer of specialized squamous cells we call the marrow sac. The scanning electron microscope showed that the sac was fenestrated and that some of its cells pass as perivascular elements with the marrow capillaries that penetrate the bony cortex. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that the cells comprising the marrow sac are less than 0.1 micrometer thick, overlap at their margins without specialized cell junctions, and are more electron dense than the reticular or fibroblastic cells of the marrow stroma. The fenestrations in the sac were intercellular and were usually occupied by cells having an ultrastructure compatible with an osteoprogenitor cell (OPC) lineage. The observation of a close proximity between the cells of the marrow sac and the osteogenic cells that line the endosteal surfaces of bone suggest that the sac cells, along with the OPCs of the superficial marrow stroma, should be included in any morphological or functional definition of an endosteum. PMID- 7049003 TI - Continuous-perifusion tissue culture of fetal and adult pancreas of the lizard Anolis carolinensis. AB - The differentiation of the fetal saurian pancreas in continuous-perifusion tissue culture (CPTC) was examined. Splenic pancreases from 24-day postoviposition fetuses of the green anole, Anolis carolinensis, were grown for 8 to 31 days by CPTC following successful preliminary studies with adult pancreas. Adult anolian endocrine pancreas was maintained by up to 7 days by CPTC. The pancreatic explants were examined morphologically by light and electron microscopy. The functional integrity of the endocrine cells was evaluated by measuring hormone levels of the explants and in the basal medium and by determining the kinetics of hormone release. The pancreatic endocrine cells from fetal and adult anoles were functionally and morphologically intact after CPTC. The exocrine pancreas was not maintained during cultures. This study demonstrates for the first time the growth of the reptilian endocrine pancreas in culture. PMID- 7049004 TI - Intraarterial cushions of the rat uterine artery: a scanning electron microscope evaluation utilizing vascular casts. PMID- 7049005 TI - Aspects of renal vascular organization and early vascular tubular relations of the marsupial Isoodon obesulus. AB - Renal vascular tubular relationships were studied in the marsupial Isoodon obesulus (the common brown bandicoot). The microcirculation was filled with colored silicone rubber by intra-arterial injection of the intact kidney. Nephrons were defined by the injection of silicone rubber of a contrasting color into the space of Bowman's capsule in thick, cleared slices of renal tissue. The details of the vascular tubular relationship in this marsupial are strikingly similar to relationships previously described in true mammalian kidneys. An unusual feature is a wide (600mu) glomerulus-free zone at the outer cortex. This zone contains the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the most superficial cortical nephrons and is perfused by efferent vessels from glomeruli in superficial strata of the cortex. PMID- 7049006 TI - Immunochemical investigation of human seminal plasma acid phosphatase. AB - Acid phosphatase of human seminal plasma is inhibited in presence of normal rabbit serum involving non-competitive mechanism whereas this character is normalized and activity is stabilized in presence of its rabbit antiserum. Kinetic studies on stabilization of acid phosphatase by antiserum were combined by L-tartrate, a specific inhibitor of prostatic acid phosphatase. L-tartrate, a specific inhibitor of prostatic acid phosphatase. L-tartrate inhibited the enzyme in presence and absence of normal and antiserum by competitive mechanism and percentage of inhibition of L-tartrate was involve in the binding with acid phosphatase antibodies. The kinetics of heat denaturation of acid phosphatase suggested that seminal acid phosphatase is more heat labile in presence and absence of normal serum than in presence of antiserum. The temperature of denaturation corresponding to half the initial activity(T 1/2) in presence of normal and antisera were 34 degrees and 66 degrees C respectively. NOn-linearity of Arrhenius plots for denaturation rates of the enzyme suggested various conformational states for denaturation yielding Ea varying between 20.08 and 5.03 Kcals at 25-65 degrees C. PMID- 7049007 TI - Comparison of venous admixture during high-frequency ventilation and conventional ventilation in oleic acid-induced pulmonary edema in dogs. AB - High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) was compared with conventional ventilation ventilation during oleic acid-induced pulmonary edema in dogs. HFJV, when combined with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), returned arterial PO2 (PAO2) and venous admixture to preoleic acid levels, even with tidal volumes as low as 4.8 ml/kg and rates of 300 min-1. When HFJV was compared with conventional (low-frequency, high tidal volume) ventilation at the same Flo2 and level of PEEP, Pao2 was lower and venous admixture higher with HFJV. However, venous admixture was lower with HFJV when comparisons were made at the same peak airway pressure, because of a higher level of PEEP compared with conventional ventilation. At each level of PEEP, cardiac and stroke indices were not different between the two methods of ventilation. The ability to eliminate CO2 with lower peak airway pressures or to increase PEEP without further increases in peak airway pressure are the primary advantages of HFJV during severe lung injury. Oxygenation is as efficient during HFJV as during conventional ventilation in this model of pulmonary edema when comparisons are made at the same peak airway pressure, but less efficient at the same PEEP. PMID- 7049008 TI - High-frequency positive-pressure ventilation for tracheal reconstruction supported by tracheal T-tube. PMID- 7049009 TI - [Treatment of collateral varices of the legs by introducing strands of catgut into the lumen of the vessels]. PMID- 7049010 TI - Success and failure of banding and bonding. A clinical study. AB - A clinical study on the failure rate of 882 bands and 1194 directly bonded brackets placed on the teeth of 100 consecutively completed orthodontic patients treated with the Begg light wire technique showed an overall adhesion failure rate of 4.7%. This was significantly lower than the 7% recorded in a comparable study by Mizrahi in 1979 using only bands. The reduction was due primarily to a much lower failure rate of directly bonded brackets compared to bands on the maxillary cuspids and incisors. These results indicate that the lowest attachment failure rate during orthodontic treatment can be achieved by using bands on molars and bicuspids, directly bonded brackets on maxillary cuspids and incisors, and either on lower anterior teeth. PMID- 7049011 TI - Orthodontics and the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 7049012 TI - [Usefulness of the results of the Dunnill-Whitehead quantitative method compared to the author's own morphological assessment of the lungs of fetuses and neonates from the forensic medical viewpoint]. PMID- 7049013 TI - Comparison of the long-term effect of fenoterol hydrobromide and theophylline syrups in pre-school asthmatic children. AB - Eleven asthmatic children less than six years were treated double-blind for eight weeks with fenoterol, theophylline or placebo syrups. Both active drugs significantly decreased the incidence of cough compared to placebo. Nocturnal symptoms and wheezes were also reduced but were not improved to a statistically significant degree. PMID- 7049014 TI - Dysrhythmogenesis associated with the treatment of acute reversible airway obstruction. AB - The management of acute reversible airway obstruction of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) relies substantially on use of sympathomimetics and/or methylxanthines. In spite of deeply ingrained clinical "impressions" regarding the relative safety of these agents, singly or in combination, their cardiotonic and dysrhythmogenic properties - particularly in the setting of hypoxemia - are not well documented. Even the newer "selective" B2 agonists have not been shown to evoke less cardiac effect (as manifested by tachycardia or dysrhythmogenesis) than their by now somewhat maligned and ignored cousin, epinephrine. The limited number of clinical studies which have examined this area are reviewed and suggestions for clinical practice are offered. PMID- 7049015 TI - Effect of passive immunization on phagocytosis of blood-borne Escherichia coli in spleen and liver of turkeys. AB - Clearance of Escherichia coli from blood and localization in tissues were studied by culture and microscopy in nonimmunized and passively immunized turkeys after IV inoculation. In nonimmunized poults, high mortality was associated with persistence of large numbers of E coli in the blood. In immunized poults, rapid clearance of E coli from blood was associated with large numbers of E coli in hepatic sinusoids and fewer bacteria in the spleen. An electron-dense, fibrillogranular coat covered extracellular E coli in immunized poults, but not in nonimmunized poults. Rapid clearance of virulent E coli from blood was markedly enhanced by antibody-dependent phagocytosis in liver. PMID- 7049016 TI - In vitro effects of prednisolone sodium succinate and Escherichia coli organisms on neutrophil survival, glucose utilization, and E coli clearance in canine blood. AB - A concentration of 1.4 X 10(9) Escherichia coli was added to tubes containing 10 ml of freshly collected blood from dogs to determine if prednisolone sodium succinate altered in vitro E coli mortality, glucose utilization, or neutrophil destruction. Group 1 tubes contained organisms plus saline solution, group 2 tubes had E coli plus 140 microgram of prednisolone/ml, and group 3 tubes contained E coli plus 1,400 microgram of prednisolone/ml. Initial and final WBC, RBC, PCV and E coli concentrations were determined on each group. Blood glucose values were measured from zero time through +2 hours. There was a significant (P less than 0.001) reduction in the number of E coli in vitro for all groups, but there was no difference among the groups. Fewer neutrophils (P less than 0.01) were lost in the tubes containing either concentration of prednisolone than in the tubes containing E coli alone. At the therapeutic amount of prednisolone (group 2) the glucose utilization was not significantly (P greater than 0.05) different from the utilization in the control group; however, at 10 X the therapeutic amount of prednisolone (group 3), there was an increase in glucose utilization. Seemingly, prednisolone does not alter in vitro E coli destruction and aids in preserving neutrophils of canine blood. PMID- 7049017 TI - Effect of time of sample collection, milk composition, and stage of lactation on the growth-promoting properties of milk for Streptococcus agalactiae. AB - Milk samples were taken from noninfected mammary quarters before the AM milking and at intervals after milking. The pH values of the post-AM milk samples were higher than the AM foremilk samples for approximately 3 to 6 hours after milking. When these samples were pasteurized, inoculated with a culture of Streptococcus agalactiae, and incubated at 37 C for 24 hours, there was a greater pH change (delta pH) in the post-AM milks. The higher pH and delta pH values of 3-hour samples coincided with higher concentrations of bicarbonate and chloride, lower concentrations of citrate and phosphate, and lower titratable acidities. Milk samples were taken before the AM milking and 3 to 4 hours later from 2 noninfected quarters of each of 2 cows at weekly intervals for 9 months. The growth of S agalactiae in the milk samples showed that the delta pH and bacterial counts (i) increased as the lactation progressed and milk yield decreased, (ii) were higher in he 3- to 4-hour samples than in the AM samples, and (iii) were higher in the whole milk than in the skim milk of the 3-to 4-hour samples; this difference was attributed to the cream layer and in most instances could be duplicated by layering liquid petrolatum on the surface of skim milk. Also, the bacterial counts in the 3- to 4-hour skim milks were higher than those of the corresponding AM skim milks in 78% of the paired samples, which indicated that another factor, in addition to the cream layer, might be involved in promoting better in vitro growth of S agalactiae in the 3 to 4-hour milk. PMID- 7049018 TI - Thromboxane, prostaglandin I2 (epoprostenol), and the hemodynamic changes in equine endotoxin shock. AB - This study had 2 objectives: (i) to correlate plasma thromboxane and prostaglandin I2 (epoprostenol) concentrations with hemodynamic changes occurring in equine endotoxin shock, and (ii) to determine the effects of flunixin meglumine on plasma concentrations of these prostaglandins relative to hemodynamic changes. Shock was induced in 2 groups, each of 4 anesthetized ponies, and in a 3rd group of 2 ponies. Group A ponies were given endotoxin only (and were not treated), and group B ponies were given endotoxin and then treated with flunixin meglumine. Group C ponies were treated with flunixin meglumine 5 minutes before they were fiven endotoxin. Arterial, pulmonary arterial, and central venous pressures were measured and blood samples were collected at 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1, 3, and 4 hours after ponies were given the endotoxin. The plasma thromboxane and prostaglandin I2 concentrations were increased in equine endotoxic shock. Increased thromboxane concentration was associated with the high pulmonary arterial and central venous pressures and low arterial blood pressure in the minutes immediately after the ponies were given endotoxin. The increased prostaglandin I2 concentration was associated with systemic hypotension at 1 to 2 hours after endotoxin. Treatment of ponies with flunixin meglumine after endotoxin was given (group B) prevented the prostaglandin I2 rise and the associated hypotension. Treatment with fluixin meglumine before endotoxin was given prevented the increase of the plasma thromboxane and prostaglandin I2 values, along with the associated hemodynamic changes. PMID- 7049019 TI - Hemodynamic effects of prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2) in conscious ponies. AB - The infusion (IV) of prostacyclin (PGI2) into conscious ponies resulted in systemic arterial hypotension and tachycardia. Mean systemic arterial pressure decreased from 103.3 mm of Hg to 88.5 mm of Hg when 125 ng of PGI2/kg/minute was infused, and heart rate increased from 55.0 to 102.0 beats/minute. When 208 ng of PGI2/kg/minute was infused, mean systemic arterial pressure decreased from 103.3 to 78.0 mm of Hg and heart rate increased from 55.0 to 109.3 beats/minute. There were no significant alterations in pulmonary arterial pressure, lactate, PCV, total WBC count, platelet count, serum lactic dehydrogenase, and acid phosphatase activities, or rectal temperature at either dosage. The ponies became anxious and difficult to manage during the infusion. PMID- 7049020 TI - Effects of dietary milk fat (whole milk) and propionic acid on intestinal coliforms and lactobacilli in calves. AB - Calves fed whole milk had 2,000-fold fewer (P less than 0.001) coliforms in the cranial part of the small intestine than did calves fed skim milk (fat removed). Calves fed milk with 32 mM added propionic acid had nearly 1,000-fold lower (P less than 0.001) counts of lactobacilli in the entire gastrointestinal tract than did calves fed milk without added propionic acid. PMID- 7049021 TI - Enterotoxin production and resistance to antimicrobial agents in porcine and bovine Escherichia coli strains. AB - A select group of porcine and bovine Escherichia coli strains capable of causing diarrheal disease in neonatal pigs and calves, respectively, were tested for enterotoxin production and resistance to 23 different antimicrobial agents. Thirty-four of the 39 porcine strains tested were enterotoxigenic; that is, they synthesized heat-stable (ST), together with heat-labile (LT), enterotoxin; ST toxin alone, or LT toxin alone. Fourteen of the 15 bovine strains tested produced ST toxin only, whereas 1 strain elaborated LT toxin only. All of the strains were multiple drug resistant. Among the porcine strains, 2 were resistant to 6 of the antimicrobial agents, and 1 was resistant to 18 of the drugs. All of these strains were resistant to cloxacillin, lincomycin, and penicillin G. None of them was resistant to chloramphenicol, colistin, gentamicin, polymyxin B, or nalidixic acid. One of the bovine strains was resistant to 7 of the drugs, and 1 strain was resistant to 17 of these antimicrobial agents. All of the bovine strains exhibited resistance to cloxacillin, lincomycin, novobiocin, pencillin G, sulfathiazole, sulfamethizole, and triple sulfa (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethazine). None of these strains showed resistance to gentamicin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurazone, or nitrofurantoin. PMID- 7049022 TI - Response to neonatally thymectomized Holstein calves to bacille Calmette Guerin. AB - Neonatally thymectomized and intact Holstein calves were inoculated intradermally with bacille Calmette Guerin mycobacteria at 4 to 6 months of age. The immune response of the calves was evaluated by in vitro lymphocyte stimulation, with a purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium bovis, and by a cervical skin test. Eight of te calves had been previously infected at 7 to 15 weeks of age with bovine viral diarrhea virus. The cutaneous and in vitro immune responses were not different in neonatally thymectomized calves, whether or not they had been previously infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. However, a prominent histologic difference in the nature of the primary granulomatous lesions was observed in the thymectomized calves. These injection sites were characterized by few lymphocytes and an increased number of multinucleated giant cells. These observations were interpreted as manifestations of a deficient thymus-dependent effector response in the thymectomized calves. PMID- 7049023 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of anti-Moraxella bovis antibodies. AB - Antibodies of the immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA classes specific for Moraxella bovis in serum or lacrimal secretions of cattle were detected with an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, using soluble extracts of M bovis or whole organisms. The amount of detectable antibodies was influenced by the type of antigenic preparation used in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The test indicated that 2 subcutaneous inoculations of M bovis cells induce significantly (P less than 0.0001) increased anti-M bovis serum antibodies. The infection of calves with M bovis induced specific IgG antibodies in serum and predominantly IgA antibodies in lacrimal secretions. PMID- 7049024 TI - Infection of Syrian hamsters with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: comparison of detection methods. AB - The prevention of hamster-associated outbreaks of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in human beings requires rapid and reliable testing of large numbers of hamsters for the infection. To select the most effective test, the antibody response of infected hamsters was determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody and complement-fixation techniques. The indirect fluorescent antibody technique required less than 2 hours to complete, was the first to become positive after infection, and remained positive for at least several months. Infection in hamsters was also readily detected by the inoculation of mice with infected hamster tissues; virus could be isolated from several organs as early as postinoculation day (PID) 3, and all organs tested contained high concentrations of virus by PID 5. After PID 40, virus was detectable only in the kidney; this organ remained positive for over 3 months. PMID- 7049025 TI - Asbestos-related diseases of the lungs and pleura: current clinical issues. PMID- 7049026 TI - Training programs in respiratory disease and training programs in pediatric respiratory disease. 1982 editions. PMID- 7049027 TI - Bullous eruption of systemic lupus erythematosus. Dramatic response to dapsone therapy. AB - Four patients with systemic lupus erythematosus developed a nonpruritic vesiculobullous eruption that was unresponsive to high-dose systemic corticosteroid therapy. In three patients the eruption was not associated with a flare of systemic disease. Biopsy results showed neutrophilic microabscesses at the dermal papillary tips and perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrates. Direct immunofluorescence of normal appearing skin not exposed to the sun was positive in all four patients. Due to the unresponsiveness to corticosteroid therapy and the striking histologic resemblance to dermatitis herpetiformis, each of the patients was treated with dapsone. Within 24 hours each patient had prompt cessation of the appearance of new lesions. Improvement of the eruption did not correlate with improvement of the systemic manifestations of their lupus erythematosus. The rapid response to dapsone therapy suggests that dapsone is useful in treating bullous lesions of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7049028 TI - Immediate and delayed neurotoxicity after mechlorethamine preparation for bone marrow transplantation. AB - Twenty-four patients, including two with aplastic anemia and 22 with malignancy, underwent marrow transplantation after preparation with mechlorethamine, 0.3 to 2.0 mg/kg body weight. Fourteen of the 21 neurologically evaluable recipients developed immediate neurotoxicity a median of 4 days after treatment (range, 0 to 34 days). Confusion and disorientation were observed in six patients, headache in six, hallucinations n four, lethargy in four, tremors in three, paraplegia in one, seizure in one, and vertigo in one. Whereas acute symptoms cleared in 11 patients, three remained symptomatic until death. Twelve evaluable patients survived more than 60 days; all six with previous acute toxicity subsequently developed delayed onset of new neurologic findings (personality change, confusion, seizure, diplopia, or dementia) a median of 169 days (range, 70 to 248 days) after treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was usually normal but cerebral computed tomographic scans showed ventricular enlargement and electroencephalograms showed diffuse slowing. Postmortem histologic examination of brain showed neuronal degenerative changes with increased vascularity, gliosis, and perivascular fibrosis. Neurotoxicity appeared to increase with age and mechlorethamine dose and was commoner in patients given additional procarbazine or cyclophosphamide. PMID- 7049029 TI - Therapy of cervical chlamydial infection. AB - The treatment of cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection in nonpregnant women was evaluated in a double-blind randomized study. Objective criteria were used to assess the response of cervicitis to therapy. Fifty patients were treated with tetracycline hydrochloride, 500 mg orally four times daily, and 50 patients were treated with rosaramicin, 250 mg orally four times daily, both for 7 days. Both agents were highly effective in eradicating C trachomatis. Both produced significant improvement in objective signs of cervicitis: eliminating mucopurulent endocervical discharge and edema of ectopy, and decreasing the clinical severity score of cervicitis. This trial shows that the 1-week course of tetracycline hydrochloride currently recommended for treatment of chlamydial urethritis in men is also highly effective for the treatment of chlamydial cervical infection in women. Rosaramicin, a macrolide antibiotic, was equally effective but produced a higher rate of gastrointestinal side effects. PMID- 7049030 TI - Pancreatic abscess due to Candida albicans. PMID- 7049031 TI - Intensive ambulatory treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - The therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes has been changing in the last 3 years with the increasing application of intensive ambulatory treatment programs involving self-monitoring of blood glucose levels by the patient. Insulin is administered either as multiple manual daily injections or as a continuous subcutaneous infusion delivered by a portable pump. We discuss the implementation, efficacy, complications (including recent reports of deaths in pump-treated patients), and cost of such programs. The potential effectiveness in preventing the long-term complications of diabetes warrants offering a program of self-monitoring of blood glucose levels combined with multiple manual daily insulin injections as a routine treatment option to virtually all patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. Additional observations on safety and efficacy are needed before insulin pump treatment can be considered a routine option. Furthermore, whether intensive treatment involving either manual or pump administration of insulin alters the risk of hypoglycemia as compared with conventional management remains to be established. PMID- 7049032 TI - Dementia in the elderly: the silent epidemic. AB - The graying of America will be accompanied by an epidemic of major proportions- dementia or intellectual impairment--that will have an impact on all aspects of the helath care system, particularly on the institutional component of the long term care system. Health professionals; federal, state, and local health planners; families; and others must recognize that many ameliorable or curable physical and emotional diseases in the elderly are associated with intellectual impairment that may be difficult to distinguish from irreversible brain disease of the Alzheimer type. We present information on the cause, physiopathologic mechanism, clinical presentation, appropriate laboratory studies, and anticipated outcomes in the various forms of intellectual impairment found in the elderly. Important new developments will occur in the next decade that will address the cause, pathogenesis, further refinement of laboratory investigation, and specific therapeutic intervention in dementia. PMID- 7049033 TI - The milk-alkali syndrome: current concepts. AB - The milk-alkali syndrome was first identified in 1923, and continues to occur in patients ingesting large amounts of calcium and absorbable alkali, particularly as calcium carbonate. Hypercalcemia, alkalosis, and renal impairment remain hallmarks of the syndrome, which may occur in acute, subacute, and chronic forms. Although the pathophysiology of the milk-alkali syndrome has not been completely studied, it appears to involve complex interactions between ingested calcium and alkali resulting in an impairment in renal calcium and bicarbonate excretion. The diagnosis of the milk-alkali syndrome is based on a history of calcium and alkali ingestion, the presence of characteristic clinical and laboratory features, and the exclusion of other causes of hypercalcemia. Conservative treatment, including discontinuing calcium and alkali ingestion and supportive measures, is usually effective. PMID- 7049034 TI - Pseudotumor cerebri. AB - Pseudotumor cerebri, a disorder of intracranial pressure regulation, is characterized by elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressures. The symptoms and signs are those of elevated intracranial pressure alone. Extensive endocrine studies in patients with the primary disease have generally been normal. The major threat to the patient with pseudotumor cerebri is loss of vision; severe deficits occur in 4% to 12% of patients. The causative mechanism is not known. There are no controlled studies of treatment and interpretation of uncontrolled studies is limited by the high rate of spontaneous remission. A short course of steroid therapy is recommended for the patient with significant symptoms that have not remitted after 7 to 10 days of observation and serial lumbar punctures. Shunting is considered in refractory patients or when loss of vision is threatened. PMID- 7049035 TI - Cure of histiocytic lymphoma. PMID- 7049036 TI - To serve the people: medical education and care in the People's Republic of China. PMID- 7049037 TI - Gastroenterology: an annotated bibliography of recent literature. PMID- 7049038 TI - [Acute pulmonary infiltrates in hematologic malignancies in aplasia (author's transl)]. AB - Extensive pneumonias are usually implicated as the sole cause for acute respiratory failure complicating severe neutropenia in hematologic malignancies and are often fatal. We report study of 11 patients investigated and treated in intensive care unit, using transtracheal aspiration, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via face mask and granulocyte transfusions Two groups of patients emerged from this study. The first group with immediately diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, positive blood cultures, negative tracheal cultures, marked improvement in hypoxemia during CPAP, benefits from granulocyte transfusion without impairment in ventilatory status and may be considered as non-hemodynamic pulmonary oedema. The second group with localized pulmonary infiltrates, negative blood cultures and positive tracheal culture, slight improvement in hypoxemia during CPAP, gets no benefit from granulocyte transfusion, with additional impairment in ventilatory status and may be considered as acute extensive pneumonias. PMID- 7049039 TI - [Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver]. PMID- 7049040 TI - [Medical and economic science]. PMID- 7049041 TI - Plasmid-mediated invasiveness of "Shigella-like" Escherichia coli. AB - Invasive Escherichia coli is a "Shigella-like" microorganism which causes a dysenteric syndrome through invasion of the human colonic epithelium. Representative strains of different serotypes were studied in order to determine whether plasmids are involved in their virulence. All invasive E. coli strains, irrespective of serotype, were found to harbour a large plasmid of approximately 140 Mdal. Spontaneous variants of serotypes O143 and O124 had lost this plasmid and had become avirulent, i.e. could neither penetrate into HeLa cells nor produce a keratoconjunctivitis in guinea-pigs. pWR110, a Tn5-labelled virulence plasmid of Shigella flexneri, was transferred into these avirulent variants, thus restoring their virulence and demonstrating that S. flexneri and invasive E. coli share a common extrachromosomal control of their ability to penetrate into cells. PMID- 7049042 TI - [Implantation of a strain of "Escherichia coli" in the digestive tract of human new-borns: barrier effect against antibioresistant "E. coli" (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-two healthy human new-borns were inoculated within two hours of birth with a strain of Escherichia coli. This strain was isolated from the faecal flora of an healthy adult and was plasmid-free, nontoxigenic in vitro or in vivo, and sensitive to all usual antibiotics. This strain became established at a high population level within two days in all new-borns and remained at a very high level during the following days in almost all cases (86%). Strains of E. coli resistant to ampicillin or tetracycline were found in 6 of 22 inoculated infants as well as in 7 of the 24 control infants. These resistant strains remained at a very high level in the control infants but disappeared, or decreased to a subdominant level, in the inoculated infants. These results show that a totally innocuous strain of E. coli can exert in holoxenic conditions a barrier effect on antibiotic resistant E. coli strains. They also suggest the interest of inoculating such a strain at birth in order to prevent proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacteria. PMID- 7049043 TI - [Comparison of light-scattering index 50% (LSI50) and inhibitory concentration 50% (CI50) (author's transl)]. AB - The "Autobac" apparatus permitted the rapid determination of the light-scattering index 50% (LSI50) and inhibitory concentration 50% (CI50) of eight antibiotics -- kanamycin, amikacin, lividomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin, netilmicin and colistin -- for the strain of Escherichia coli ATCC-25922. The results were compared with those of the reference method using an agar dilution method. The percentage of inhibition (% I) was obtained from LSI by applying the formula % I = 10(-(GIXLSI)). The growth index (GI) has an influence on the values of the rapid method. The best results were observed in the GI ranges of 1.2 to 1.7. For all the antibiotics except tobramycin and colistin, the CI50 values of the two methods were very similar. The values of LSI50 were not assimiliated to those of CI50. These three parameters had a small variability. The averages of standard deviation were 0.23 log2 for the CI50 of the reference method, 0.24 log2 for the CI50 of the rapid method and 0.32 log2 for the LSI50. The "Autobac" enables the determination of CI50 by a simpler and faster technique. PMID- 7049044 TI - [Convergence of visual and neck proprioceptives on the vestibulo-ocular reflex arc and the "vestibulo-cerebellum" (author's transl)]. AB - Linked to the vestibular reflex, ontologically the most primitive, nuchal and visual proprioceptive afferent impulses heighten perception of movement and the position of the head and body in space. The final goal of these reflexes appears to be maintenance of the visual axis and of posture. They are under cerebellar control which adapts responses according to sensory interactions, and probably increases reactions when a deficiency exists. Functional exploratory tests in patients with positional or postural vertigo should include the study of responses to separate or combined stimulation of these three types of receptor according to the three planes of the semicircular canals. PMID- 7049045 TI - [Prazosin in the treatment of chronic cardiac failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049046 TI - [The history of a therapeutic agent: digitalis yesterday and today (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049047 TI - [Decreased secretion of epinephrine during protein-supplemented fasting in obese subjects (author's transl)]. AB - The protein-supplemented fasting induces a progressive but moderate decrease in blood glucose (-26%) and a marked rise in plasma free fatty acids levels (+ 43%). Nevertheless the secretion of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla, as indirectly estimated by the ratio of the basal urinary elimination to the recovery percentage from the urine of an epinephrine infusion, shows a significant decrease (- 36%) during the protein diet. Thus the enhanced lipolysis does not result from an adrenergic overactivity but merely depends upon the marked reduction in the plasma insulin level (- 38%). PMID- 7049048 TI - Cisplatin: impact of a new anticancer agent on current therapeutic strategies. AB - This brief overview illustrates the role of cisplatin in current cancer chemotherapy. This new agent is increasingly utilized in first line regimens for a variety of tumor types notably testicular, head and neck and bladder cancer. Large scale investigations are taking place to evaluate these regimens in combined modality approaches to early stages of these diseases. PMID- 7049049 TI - The nature of chromosome bands and their significance for cancer research. PMID- 7049050 TI - Drug interaction with estrogen receptors for the control of breast neoplasia (review). PMID- 7049051 TI - Specificity of tumor cell stimulation of DNA inhibitory cytokine production in vitro. AB - ST/a splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages sensitized to tumorigenic, isoimmunizing R+ ST-L cells in vivo are stimulated to produce a DNA inhibitory supernatant in vitro when co-cultured with R+ ST-L cells. Studying the cross reactions with various uninfected and MuLV infected cells, evidence was obtained for the gp70 specificity of this stimulation. T-cell depletion by thymectomy and whole body irradiation caused a moderate reduction of the DNA inhibitory effect of the splenocyte culture supernatant. However, macrophage depletion by silicate caused an almost complete abolishment of DNA inhibitory cytokine production, which could not be restored by the addition of supplementary non-sensitized spleen cells. PMID- 7049052 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in leukaemia (review). PMID- 7049053 TI - Vitamin B6 and cancer (review). AB - Vitamin B6 is required for normal growth and development, in general. The effect(s) of the vitamin on tumor growth, particularly of Morris hepatomas, and on metabolic function (i.e. enzyme activity) are herewith reviewed. Evidence is presented on the biochemical relationship(s) of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with thymidylate synthetase and its inactivation by fluorodeoxyuridylate as well as of the therapeutic effects of direct treatment in situ with the antivitamin complexing agent L-penicillamine. PMID- 7049054 TI - Presidential Address: Thirty years of progress and problems in clinical neurology. AB - Research has transformed clinical neurology in the past thirty years, but we are faced with a paradox. Advances in basic sciences and better training for clinical investigators have accelerated the practical application of new knowledge. Now, just when neurological sciences are moving so rapidly, economic and other problems have threatened clinical investigation. It will take ingenuity and steadfast effort to continue research that is directly related to neurological diseases. PMID- 7049055 TI - A case control study of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: association with physical injuries. AB - Sixty cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease reported from 902 neurological clinics throughout Japan between 1975 and 1977 were examined in a retrospective case control study. Histories were obtained from patients, sex-matched neighbors, and spouses. No association was observed in either sex with five socioeconomic variables; exposures to eight species of animals; ingestion of raw meat or quadruped brains; eighteen diseases, allergies or immunizations; tooth extraction; blood transfusion; or lumbar puncture. Surgical operations within five years before disease onset were reported for 25.9% and 7.8% of male patients and pooled controls and for 24.2% and 9.6% of female patients and controls. Mechanical injuries were observed for the same period in 33.3% and 9.8% of male patients and controls and in 18.2% and 13.5% of female patients and controls. The operations and mechanical injuries varied in all groups as to body parts affected and nature of the lesions. Physical injuries including operations may be a predisposing factor to the development of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. PMID- 7049056 TI - Derek Ernest Denny-Brown, 1901-1981. PMID- 7049057 TI - Reversal of debrancher deficiency myopathy by the use of high-protein nutrition. AB - A child with debrancher deficiency presented with myopathy, recurrent hypoglycemia, and growth failure. Evidence for enhanced gluconeogenesis was demonstrated by low postabsorptive gluconeogenic plasma amino acids, a marked fall in alanine during fasting, and a substantial rise in plasma glucose following protein ingestion. The patient was treated with high-protein nocturnal intragastric therapy, which resulted in marked improvement in exercise tolerance, muscle strength and mass, electromyographic findings, and growth. PMID- 7049058 TI - High pressure effects on proteins and other biomolecules. PMID- 7049059 TI - Considerations for the design of useful synthetic oxygen carriers. PMID- 7049060 TI - Light scattering and absorption as methods of studying cell population parameters. PMID- 7049061 TI - Physiological and pharmacological manipulations with light flashes. PMID- 7049062 TI - Diffusion-enhanced fluorescence energy transfer. PMID- 7049063 TI - Optical detection of magnetic resonance in biologically important molecules. PMID- 7049064 TI - Protein conformation, dynamics, and folding by computer simulation. PMID- 7049065 TI - Skeletal DNA and the evolution of genome size. PMID- 7049066 TI - Ultrasonic tissue characterization. PMID- 7049067 TI - Crystallographic and NMR studies of the serine proteases. PMID- 7049068 TI - Solid and liquid behavior of red cell membrane. PMID- 7049069 TI - Timely topics in statistical methods for clinical trials. PMID- 7049070 TI - [Osseus consequences of long-term untreated osteomyelitis. Description of a medieval skeleton]. PMID- 7049071 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of infections caused by nonsporulating Gram negative anaerobes]. PMID- 7049072 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of obligate anaerobic bacteria]. PMID- 7049073 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bacteriological efficacy of N-formimidoyl thienamycin in experimental Escherichia coli meningitis. AB - The pharmacokinetics and bacteriological efficacy of N-formimidoyl thienamycin were determined in rabbits infected with Escherichia coli K1. After a single intravenous dose of 25 mg/kg, a peak N-formimidoyl thienamycin concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 2.5 micrograms/ml was attained at 45 min. The penetration into CSF was calculated to be 31%. In animals that received continuous intravenous infusions of the drug for 9 h, the mean CSF concentration was 8.2 microgram/ml, and the CSF bactericidal titers against the E. coli K1 strain were from 1:16 to 1:32. This infusion produced a reduction in the numbers of E. coli in the CSF of 4 log10 colony-forming units per ml. N-Formimidoyl thienamycin might prove to be useful for therapy of meningitis caused by E. coli and other susceptible bacteria. PMID- 7049074 TI - Assay of netilmicin, using enzyme immunoassay for gentamicin. AB - A homogenous enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative determination of netilmicin in serum was developed. The procedure utilizes a commercially available assay for gentamicin (EMIT; Syva Co., Palo Alto, Calif.). The method was adapted to a microcentrifugal analyzer, and log-logit regression analysis was performed with a computer. The results of samples assayed by this method correlate well with microbioassay (r2 = 0.985) and radioimmunoassay (r2 = 0.986). This method is not only precise and accurate, but also very rapid and economical and compares favorably to other available methods of netilmicin assay. PMID- 7049075 TI - Topical polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid complex in the treatment of recurrent genital herpes. AB - Polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid complexed with poly-l-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose [poly(ICLC)] is a potent interferon inducer when given parenterally to humans. Topical application in animal models has shown beneficial antiviral and clinical effects. In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled trial of topical poly(ICLC) in recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infection, five clinical and two virological parameters were followed. Fifty seven men and women, with 78 recurrences of genital herpes, were stratified by sex. No clinical or antiviral differences between poly(ICLC) and placebo groups in either stratum were found. Further analysis of male subgroups by age and size of lesions showed no changes in the rapidity of healing or viral shedding. PMID- 7049076 TI - Penem derivatives: beta-lactamase stability and affinity for penicillin-binding proteins in Escherichia coli. AB - Penem derivatives, a new group of beta-lactam antibiotics with potent activities against a wide range of bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were tested for their stability against hydrolysis by beta-lactamases purified from clinical isolates of Morganella morganii. Proteus vulgaris, and Escherichia coli and by a penicillinase from Bacillus cereus. Penems having 6 alpha substituents, such as hydroxyethyl, hydroxymethyl, and ethyl groups, were very stable against hydrolysis by each of the enzymes. Penems having no 6 alpha substituents were easily hydrolyzed by P. vulgaris and E. coli enzymes, whereas they were rather stable against hydrolysis by M. morganii and B. cereus enzymes, a typical cephalosporinase and penicillinase, respectively. Affinity of the penems for E. coli penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) was also tested. beta-Lactamase-stable penems having a 6 alpha-hydroxyethyl group showed high affinity for PBP-4, -5, and -6 as well as for PBP-1A, -1Bs, and -2. However, the penems having no 6 alpha substituents showed a far lower affinity for PBP-4, -5, and -6 than that shown by the corresponding 6 alpha-hydroxyethyl penems. Among the penems tested, affinity for PBP-4, -5, and -6 was closely related to their beta-lactamase stability, as was the case among cephamycins and cephalosporins. Effects of the penems on the morphology of a strain of E. coli are also described. PMID- 7049077 TI - Effects of clofazimine alone or combined with dapsone on neutrophil and lymphocyte functions in normal individuals and patients with lepromatous leprosy. AB - The effects of clofazimine on neutrophil activities such as random motility, migration to the leukoattractants endotoxin-activated serum and N-formyl-L methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine phagocytosis of Candida albicans, postphagocytic hexose-monophosphate shunt activity, and myeloperoxidase-mediated iodination and the effects of clofazimine on lymphocyte transformation to mitogens were assessed in vitro and after ingestion of the drug by normal individuals and patients with lepromatous leprosy. For in vitro studies, the concentration range of the drug investigated was 10(-6) M to 10(-2) M. for in vivo studies, subjects ingested 200 mg of clofazimine daily for a period of 5 days. At concentrations of 5 X 10(-6) M to 5 X 10(-3) M clofazimine caused a progressive dose-dependent inhibition of neutrophil motility without detectable effects on phagocytosis, postphagocytic hexose-monophosphate shunt activity, or myeloperoxidase-mediated iodination. Over the same concentration range, clofazimine inhibited lymphocyte transformation. The inhibitory effect on neutrophil motility was associated with a spontaneous stimulation of oxidative metabolism and could be prevented by coincubation of dapsone with clofazimine. after ingestion of clofazimine responsiveness of lymphocytes to mitogens was decreased in normal volunteers and leprosy patients: neutrophil motility in normal individuals was likewise inhibited. PMID- 7049078 TI - Suppression of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotactic factor production in Propionibacterium acnes by subminimal inhibitory concentrations of tetracycline, ampicillin, minocycline, and erythromycin. AB - Propionibacterium acnes is the cause of inflammation in acne vulgaris and has been shown to produce potent neutrophil chemoattractants. Different strain of P. acnes that were sensitive or resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin, minocycline, and tetracycline were grown in the presence of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of the drugs, and their culture supernatants were assayed for neutrophil chemotactic activity. The presence of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin failed to affect chemotactic factor production by any of the strains. Subminimal inhibitory concentrations of tetracycline, minocycline, and erythromycin all produced decreased neutrophil chemotactic activity in P. acnes culture supernatants. This inhibition of chemotactic activity was most pronounced in strains of P. acnes which were susceptible to the drugs. The addition of antibiotics at appropriate concentrations to control supernatants failed to affect neutrophil migration. The results indicate that subminimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics are capable of reducing the inflammatory capacity of P. acnes. PMID- 7049079 TI - Lysis of Plasmodium falciparum by ferriprotoporphyrin IX and a chloroquine ferriprotoporphyrin IX complex. AB - Ferriprotoporphyrin IX (FP) and a chloroquine-FP complex lysed isolated Plasmodium falciparum parasites as judged by decreases in the turbidity of parasite suspensions and by ultrastructural changes. Exposure of parasite suspensions to 50 microM FP or to a complex formed from 50 microM FP and 20 MicroM chloroquine reduced the number of identifiable parasites and caused swelling and loss of internal detail in those that were identifiable. The amount of lysis was dose-dependent over the range of 10 to 50 microM FP. Formation of a chloroquine-FP complex reduced, but did not eliminate, the toxicity of FP. Since there is evidence indicating that a chloroquine-FP complex forms when chloroquine susceptible parasites are exposed to chloroquine, we suggest that accumulation of this complex may account for the chemotherapeutic effect of chloroquine against P. falciparum. PMID- 7049080 TI - Antibacterial activity of matrix-bound ovotransferrin. AB - Ovotransferrin immobilized by covalent linkage to Sepharose 4B showed a bacteriostatic effect towards Escherichia coli similar to that of free ovotransferrin. The growth of the bacteria, after exposure to the gel-bound ovotransferrin and its removal, depended on the length of exposure. The results suggest that the antibacterial activity of transferrin is not due simply to the removal of iron from the medium. PMID- 7049081 TI - Oxygen tolerance of strictly aerobic hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria. AB - Growth of various bacteria, especially aerobic hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, in the presence of 2 to 100% (v/v) oxygen in the gas atmosphere was evaluated. The bacterial strains included Alcaligenes eutrophus, A. paradoxus, Aquaspirillum autotrophicum, Arthrobacter spec. strain 11 X, Escherichia coli, Arthrobacter globiformis, Nocardia opaca, N. autotrophica, Paracoccus denitrificans, Pseudomonas facilis, P. putida, and Xanthobacter autotrophicus. Under heterotrophic conditions with fructose or gluconate as substrates neither colony formation on solid medium nor the growth rates in liquid media were drastically impaired by up to 100% oxygen. In contrast, autotrophic growth--with hydrogen, carbon dioxide and up to 80% oxygen in the gas atmosphere--was strongly depressed by high oxygen concentrations. However, only the growth rate, not the viability of the cells, was decreased. Growth retardation was accompanied by a decrease of hydrogenase activity. PMID- 7049082 TI - Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell division cycle defective in cytokinesis. Biosynthesis of the cell wall and morphology. AB - The four temperature-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the cell division cycle defective in cytokinesis (cdc, 3, 10, 11 and 12), have been analyzed with respect to the biosynthesis of the cell wall polymers. After 3 hours of incubation at the non-permissive temperature (37 degrees C) these strains stop growing. The synthesis of glucan, mannan and chitin (wall polymers) level off in a similar time, but glucan, mannan and chitin synthases remained active for at least 4 hours. If the mutants are analyzed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy different pictures emerge. Two of the mutants cdc 10 and cdc 12, after 3 hours of incubation at 37 degrees C present apparently normal cytoplasms and cell wall surfaces with multiple elongated buds. The other two mutants, cdc 3 and cdc 11, present a completely disarranged cytoplasmic content and damage at the level of the plasma membrane is evident. These and other observations, suggest that between the execution points of cdc 3 (0.27) and cdc 10 (0.58), essential processes in the assembly of cell membrane occur. PMID- 7049083 TI - Selection and fusion of auxotrophic protoplasts of Candida albicans. AB - Auxotrophic mutants of C. albicans obtained by the method described by Henson and McClary (1979) were conditioned in a tris buffered EDTA-dithiothreitol solution then converted to protoplasts by suspension in osmotically stabilized buffer containing beta-glucuronidase. Complementary protoplasts were mixed in an osmotically stabilized polyethylene glycol solution and at appropriate times were plated respectively in osmotically stabilized minimal and complete agar media. From colony counts resulting from growth on the respective media, the proportion of fused complementary protoplasts (prototrophic colonies) to the total viable number of colony forming units was determined. Stability tests of selected colonies from the minimal and complete agar revealed multiple revertants, but the numbers declined to low frequencies upon repeated selective plating and isolation. Acridine orange staining of cultures thus stabilized revealed various sizes of cells with their numbers of nuclei (DNA-staining regions) varying from one to five, such that it was not determined whether the prototrophic cultures were monokaryons, heterokaryons or a mixture of the two. PMID- 7049084 TI - The surgeon's role in wound healing. PMID- 7049085 TI - Update on heart transplantation. PMID- 7049086 TI - Organ donation: one family's story. PMID- 7049087 TI - Enterotoxin production in milk at 22 and 4 degrees C by Escherichia coli and Yersinia enterocolitica. AB - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (five strains) and Yersinia enterocolitica (five strains) were cultivated in sterile milk at 22 and 4 degrees C. The bacteria grew well at both temperatures. Three strains of E. coli produced heat-labile enterotoxin in the milk at 22 degrees C as demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Heat-stable enterotoxins were not detected in milk by the infant mouse test. PMID- 7049088 TI - Fluorogenic assays for immediate confirmation of Escherichia coli. AB - Rapid assays for Escherichia coli were developed by using the compound 4 methylumbelliferone glucuronide (MUG), which is hydrolyzed by glucuronidase to yield a fluorogenic product. The production of glucuronidase was limited to strains of E. coli and some Salmonella and Shigella strains in the family Enterobacteriaceae. For immediate confirmation of the presence of E. coli in most probable-number tubes, MUG was incorporated into lauryl tryptose broth at a final concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. Results of both the presumptive test (gas production) and the confirmed test (fluorescence) for E. coli were obtained from a variety of food, water, and milk samples after incubation for only 24 h at 35 degrees C. Approximately 90% of the tubes showing both gas production and fluorescence contained fecal coliforms (they were positive in EC broth incubated at 45 degrees C). Few false-positive reactions were observed. The lauryl tryptose broth-MUG-most-probable-number assay was superior to violet red bile agar for the detection of heat- and chlorine-injured E. coli cells. Anaerogenic strains produced positive reactions, and small numbers of E. coli could be detected in the presence of large numbers of competing bacteria. The fluorogenic assay was sensitive and rapid; the presence of one viable cell was detected within 20 h. E. coli colonies could be distinguished from other coliforms on membrane filters and plates of violet red bile agar if MUG was incorporated into the culture media. A rapid confirmatory test for E. coli that is amenable to automation was developed by using microtitration plates filled with a nonselective medium containing MUG. Pure or mixed cultures containing E. coli produced fluorescence within 4 h (most strains) to 24 h (a few weakly positive strains). PMID- 7049089 TI - Phosphorylation of the light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein regulates excitation energy distribution between photosystem II and photosystem I. PMID- 7049090 TI - Pyridoxine-responsive herpes gestationis. PMID- 7049091 TI - The complement system and the skin: an overview. PMID- 7049092 TI - Diethyltoluamide-containing insect repellent: adverse effects in worldwide use. AB - During the summer of 1978, ten soldiers were seen because of an eruption in the antecubital fossae. All of them had used an insect repellent containing 50% diethyltoluamide a few hours before the eruption had appeared. The symptoms and clinical findings in these cases were those of a burning sensation, erythema, and blisters at the onset, followed in some cases by ulceration and scarring. Precautions in the use of this commonly used repellent should be advised. PMID- 7049093 TI - Toxicological characterization of the process stream from an experimental low Btu coal gasifier. PMID- 7049094 TI - [Cell cultures from vertebrate tissues]. PMID- 7049096 TI - Use of betapropionolactone inactivated Ebola, Marburg and Lassa intracellular antigens in immunofluorescent antibody assay. PMID- 7049095 TI - [Venomous and poisonous animals: medical aspects]. PMID- 7049097 TI - [Variants of Trypanosoma cruzi with reduced virulence obtained by mutagen treatment in vitro]. PMID- 7049098 TI - Circulatory assistance with a cardiac allograft after exclusion of the canine left ventricle. AB - Cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction still carries a high mortality despite use of intraaortic counterpulsation and early surgical revascularization. An experimental canine model of left ventricular exclusion and circulation support was developed by closing the mitral valve and by interposing "in series" a cardiac allograft between pulmonary and systemic circulations. This preparation was able to support the recipient circulation after cardiopulmonary bypass in 25 animals. In 16 dogs the graft sustained life for from 1 to 32 days. It is hypothesized that such left ventricular assistance could be used to maintain the life of patients in cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction. By providing maximal left ventricular decompression and improvement of the native coronary perfusion, this method may reverse the metabolic imbalance responsible for extension of the infarction, thereby salvaging muscle that is in jeopardy but still viable. PMID- 7049100 TI - An epitaph for cavopulmonary anastomosis. AB - Cavopulmonary anastomosis was developed by several surgical groups working independently and probably unaware of each other. In a most unusual way, the primary discoveries were left unnoticed, the initial trials were not followed up, and the first clinical successes were generally disregarded. After that, however, there was intensive experimental and clinical activity during which the physiology of this new operation was studied intensively and it was applied in a large number of clinical cases. After the development of more radical procedures, the operation gradually fell into disuse. This essay discusses the place of the cavopulmonary shunt in surgical history. PMID- 7049099 TI - Hypothermic ischemic arrest versus hypothermic potassium cardioplegia in human beings. AB - To determine if the addition of potassium enhances the myocardial protective effect of intracoronary perfusion hypothermia during aortic cross-clamping, 50 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass grafting were studied in a randomized, prospective, double-blind fashion. Twenty-six patients received a cold crystalloid solution infused with a handheld syringe into the root of the cross clamped aorta every 20 minutes, and 24 patients received the same solution but with 25 mEq/L of potassium chloride added, infused in a similar manner. Both groups were analyzed by mortality, rate of perioperative myocardial infarction (electrocardiographic changes, MB-CPK enzyme release, and preoperative and postoperative gated cardiac blood pool scans), intraoperative hemodynamic changes, intraoperative lactate determinations, postoperative arrhythmias, and requirement for pressor or intraaortic balloon pump support. One patient in the potassium cardioplegia group died (massive pulmonary embolism), and none in the hypothermic perfusion group died. Possible perioperative myocardial infarction was diagnosed by more than one marker in 4 of 26 patients in the hypothermic perfusion group and 5 of 24 patients in the potassium group (p = 0.61). There were no differences between the two groups in terms of hemodynamic changes, lactate production, postoperative arrhythmias, or the need for postoperative hemodynamic support. This study in human beings could not demonstrate a specific protective effect of potassium, beyond that afforded by myocardial perfusion hypothermia and wash-out. The data suggest that myocardial hypothermia, achieved through cold intracoronary arterial perfusion, may be the most important beneficial component of so-called cardioplegia for attaining effective intraoperative myocardial preservation in human beings. PMID- 7049101 TI - Dipyridamole stimulates prostacyclin production in isolated rat aortic tissue. PMID- 7049102 TI - Use of saralasin as a diagnostic test in hypertension. Report of a Consensus Committee. PMID- 7049103 TI - Results of a new procedure designed to avoid stenosis of bile duct. PMID- 7049104 TI - Enzymatic synthesis of (+)- and (-)-bisdechlorogeodin with sulochrin oxidase from Penicillium frequentans and Oospora sulphurea-ochracea. AB - Sulochrin oxidase is a blue copper-containing glycoenzyme that catalyzes a stereospecific formation of bisdechlorogeodin from sulochrin. The enzyme has been isolated from Penicillium frequentans and Oospora sulphurea-ochracea which catalyzes the formation of (+)-form and (-)-form of bisdechlorogeodin respectively. The Penicillium enzyme has a molecular weight of 157,000 and contains 19.5% of carbohydrates. Amino acid and carbohydrate compositions are given. The enzyme has probably a dimeric structure containing 6 Cu-atoms. Apparent Km-values of various substrates are presented. The Oospora enzyme has a molecular weight of 128,000 and except for its stereospecificity its properties are very similar to those of the Penicillium enzyme. PMID- 7049105 TI - Effects of temperature on the size and shape of Escherichia coli cells. AB - Two substrains of Escherichia coli B/r were grown to steady-state in batch cultures at temperatures between 22 and 42 degrees C in different growth media. The size and shape of the cells were measured from light and electron micrographs and with the Coulter channelizer. The results indicate that cells are shorter and somewhat thicker at the lower temperatures, especially in rich growth media; cell volume is then slightly smaller. A lower temperature was further found to increase the relative duration of the constriction period. The shapes of the cell size distributions are indistinguishable, indicating that the pattern of growth of the cells is the same at all temperatures. The adaptation of the cells to a temperature shift lasted several generations, indicating that the morphological effects of temperature are mediated by the cell's physiology. PMID- 7049106 TI - Age dependent alterations in phospholipid composition of a saprophytic and a pathogenic strain of Nocardia. AB - Nocardia polychromogenes (saprophytic) and Nocardia asteroides (pathogenic) showed characteristic patterns in changes of cellular lipids during growth. Total lipids and total phospholipids decreased with the age of the culture in the saprophytic strain, whereas in the pathogenic strain total lipids increased throughout the culture period and the total phospholipids decreased in the late stationary phase. The decrease in total phospholipids in saprophytic strain was reflected in the individual phosphatides. In the pathogenic strain, the phosphatidylinositomannoside content doubled in early stationary phase. Differences were observed in fatty acid composition of phosphatides at various stages of growth, but the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids remained unaltered. PMID- 7049107 TI - The anaerobic metabolism of malate of Saccharomyces bailii and the partial purification and characterization of malic enzyme. AB - 1. The main pathway of the anaerobic metabolism of L-malate in Saccharomyces bailii is catalyzed by a L-malic enzyme. 2. The enzyme was purified more than 300 fold. During the purification procedure fumarase and pyruvate decarboxylase were removed completely, and malate dehydrogenase and oxalacetate decarboxylase were removed to a very large extent. 3. Manganese ions are not required for the reaction of malic enzyme of Saccharomyces bailii, but the activity of the enzyme is increased by manganese. 4. The reaction of L-malic enzyme proceeds with the coenzymes NAD and (to a lesser extent) NADP. 5. The Km-values of the malic enzyme of Saccharomyces bailii were 10 mM for L-malate and 0.1 mM for NAD. 6. A model based on the activity and substrate affinity of malic enzyme, the intracellular concentration of malate and phosphate, and its action on fumarase, is proposed to explain the complete anaerobic degradation of malate in Saccharomyces bailii as compared with the partial decomposition of malate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7049108 TI - [Salmonella mutants with reduced generation time]. PMID- 7049109 TI - [Dose-dependent action of insulin on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism parameters in swine blood plasma]. PMID- 7049110 TI - [Residual insulin secretion in juvenile diabetes. Relationships with duration of diabetes, metabolic control and retinopathy (author's transl)]. AB - This study concerned 74 diabetic children and adolescents, ages ranging from 3 to 21 years. Duration of the disease ranged from 1 month to 15 years. Blood samples were taken during a 12 month period of observation. 292 immunoreactive C-peptide (CPR) evaluations showed a residual endogeneous secretion of insulin in 57% of cases. CPR and duration of diabetes were negatively correlated (r = -0.35; p less than 0.01); however, even 5 years after onset of the disease, a residual beta cell activity could be observed. CPR was not related with blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol or glycosylated hemoglobin levels. On the other hand, CPR was statistically higher in patients whose diabetes had been well-controlled from the onset of the disease, according to clinical criteria, and in those who did not present with retinopathy: however they were also the patients with the shortest duration of disease. PMID- 7049111 TI - [Post-transfusion malaria in a 2 month-old infant (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049112 TI - [About the value of adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced cervical cancer. First results of a prospective randomised study (author's transl)]. AB - It was reported on a prospective randomised study of cervical cancer with lymphonodus involvement. After operation and radiotherapy twenty three women were treated with an additional adjuvant chemotherapy by using cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and vincristine for a period of 30 weeks. According to the first results obtained there is no significant difference as against the control group. In this publication the generally unsatisfactory results of the chemotherapy of cervical cancer have been outlined. PMID- 7049113 TI - Ultrastructural basis of intestinal absorption. PMID- 7049114 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of LHRH-neurons in young rat hypothalamus: light and electron microscopy. AB - Localization and ultrastructural appearance of immunoreactive LHRH neurons were studied in 2-, 8- and 21-day-old rats. The lower half of the diencephalon including the septo-preoptic area was serially cut at 10 microns in the frontal plane, and all sections stained with an anti-LHRH serum were examined light microscopically. Although the antiserum could not demonstrate LHRH-immunoreactive perikarya in adult rats, they were stained in these young rats. The immunoreactive perikarya were scattered in the following regions: nucleus tractus diagonalis, medial septum, medial preoptic area, lateral septum, lateral preoptic area, tuberculum olfactorium, suprachiasmatic area, supraoptic area, pericommisural area, anterior commissure, vascular organ of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), lateral hypothalamic region and lateral tuberal region. The first three regions contained many cells but others showed only sporadical cells. The cells were most frequently observed in 8-day-old rats. Most of the cells appeared to be bipolar showing two immunoreactive processes. Electron microscopy observation was made using the section prepared by a pre-embedding technique. In the immunoreactive perikarya, secretory granules, ribosomal particles, and the particles on the outer surface of endoplasmic reticulum appeared to be immunoreactive, but the Golgi area was immunonegative. The secretory granules appeared along the cytoplasmic membrane but were surprisingly few in number. By contrast, the immunoreactive nerve terminals in the median eminence and in the OVLT contained many granules. These findings suggest that LHRH produced in the perikarya is prompted to be transported and stored in the axonal terminals. PMID- 7049115 TI - The syndrome of prolapse of the mitral valve: an etiologic and pathogenic enigma. AB - Prolapse of the mitral valve has superseded rheumatic heart disease in recent years as the most common cause of isolated mitral insufficiency in Europe and North America. This condition is recognized with increasing frequency, and its prevalence increases with age, apparently afflicting more than 5% of all persons older than 50 years of age. Consequently, mitral valve prolapse has acquired considerable medical and economic importance. Familial and nonfamilial forms are recognized. Nonfamilial forms can be further classified into cases that occur in statistically significant association with other diseases, and sporadic cases that include those possibly secondary to other conditions. PMID- 7049116 TI - Gaucher's disease: a disease with chronic stimulation of the immune system. AB - Concentrations of IgA, IgG, and IgM were measured in 25 patients with Gaucher's disease. The mean of each was significantly higher than that generally observed in healthy adults. A direct correlation was noted between IgA and IgG concentrations and age. Patients who underwent splenectomy had IgM concentrations significantly lower than those of persons who did not. In two of 25 patients, multiple myeloma of the nonsecretory type developed. The migration inhibition factor (MIF) test performed with the lymphocytes of our patients was positive to glucocerebroside in four of 17 patients, to glucocerebrosidase in four of 19 patients, and to the extracts of the spleen of a patient with Gaucher's disease in three of eight patients. The results of al MIF tests were negative in six control subjects with splenomegaly of other causes. Our results suggest that in Gaucher's disease there is chronic stimulation of the humoral immune system. The first expression of this stimulation is the production of polyclonal immunoglobulins and, in due time, the development of monoclonal immunoglobulin as well as multiple myeloma. PMID- 7049117 TI - Immunofluorescent staining of dense microspheres in human brain. AB - The dense microsphere (DMS) is a newly delineated, nonautofluorescent gray-matter structure of constant morphology and unknown significance, which is found principally in cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus in the normal and diseased adult human brain. It resembles a nonperikaryal cytoplasmic inclusion body, and is acquired after birth. Is density (frequency) is constant in persons younger than 70 years, and significantly decreases in the brains of senile persons. Indirect immunohistochemical studies using guinea pig, goose, and rabbit antireovirus antisera demonstrated positive fluorescence of the DMS, which indicates the presence of an DMS, which indicates the presence of an anti-DMS antibody that may be an antireovirus antibody. PMID- 7049118 TI - Segmental membranous glomerulonephritis. AB - Each of the four stages of membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) has a characteristic ultrastructural appearance. This report described four children with another distinctive pattern of MGN, which we propose to call segmental membranous glomerulonephritis (SMGN). In all cases there were segmentally distributed subepithelial or intramembranous electron-dense or electron-lucent deposits and prominent spikes. Less than 50% of capillary loops per glomerulus were affected. Granula deposits of IgG were identified by immunofluorescence microscopy, but deposits were either absent or less intensely fluorescent in repeated biopsies. All four patients had proteinuria. Three patients have normal creatinine clearances with either diminished proteinuria (one patient) or no proteinuria (two patients) after a mean follow-up of ten years. The fourth patient died of an unrelated cause. The evolution of MGN and SMGN is discussed and it is proposed that SMGN represents partial resolution of MGN. PMID- 7049119 TI - [Distal realignment for recurrent dislocation of the kneecap (remote results of the Putti-Goebbel operation)]. PMID- 7049120 TI - [Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. Considerations on 6 cases]. PMID- 7049121 TI - Effect of cadmium and phenobarbital on cerebral aldehyde reductase. AB - The effect of cadmium (Cd), phenobarbital and of a combination of both on the aldehyde reductase of rat brain cytosol was investigated in vitro. Cd as well as phenobarbital inhibited the enzyme. A combination of both chemicals resulted in an additive inhibition. From these results it is concluded, that only in heavily contaminated people will an interaction between Cd and phenobarbital on the aldehyde reductase level in the brain occur. PMID- 7049122 TI - Rapid purification of extracellular and intracellular Moloney murine leukemia virus. AB - The present study demonstrates the advantages of a combination of concentration by polyethylene glycol-6000 and Sepharose Cl-4B chromatography as a rapid procedure for retroviruses purification. This procedure can be completed within 3 hours, providing a high degree of virus purification with minimal damage to its structural and biological properties. Using transmission electron microscopy we observed many intracellular type-C virions in cytoplasmic vacuoles of 3T3/NIH cells chronically infected with Moloney murine leukemia virus. There intracellular virions could be isolated from postmitochondrial cytoplasmic fractions prepared from the infected cells by a procedure which minimized its contamination by extracellular free or membrane-bound virions. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the intracellular and extracellular virions contained similar protein composition. PMID- 7049123 TI - [Formaldehyde in modern environmental toxicology]. PMID- 7049124 TI - [Mechanism of a universal supravital reaction of varicose changes of neurites]. AB - By means of vital phase-contrast microscopy in neurites, proteolitically isolated from the neural system in representatives of 6 types of invertebrates inhabiting the White Sea and various Chordata, a comparative histological investigation has been performed to study certain reactions of varicose deformities. Solutions of the medium with a decreased ionic strength, prolonged survival etc. have been used as irritants producing varicosities. This reaction, considered to be universal, is absent in thick and gigantic fibres. It develops, first of all, in fine preterminal neurites of any localization and does not depend on the level of the animal's organization and its neural system. In the mechanism on varicosity formation, appearance of the hydrated peripheral fraction of neuroplasm is essentially important. This process is more general and is observed in all neurites. PMID- 7049125 TI - [Instrument for macromicroscopic preparation]. PMID- 7049126 TI - [Nicolas Warneck and Karl Baer]. PMID- 7049127 TI - [Life and works of the Ukrainian histologist F. I. Lominsky (125th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 7049128 TI - Predialysis management of chronic renal failure. PMID- 7049129 TI - Health and new federalism. PMID- 7049130 TI - CNS infections caused by Eikenella corrodens. PMID- 7049131 TI - CSF rhinorrhea from untreated pituitary adenoma. PMID- 7049132 TI - Antinuclear antibodies in multiple sclerosis. AB - Low levels of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) were found by indirect immunofluorescence in the serum of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Antibodies were found in 22 (81%) of 27 patients with MS and four (20%) of 20 healthy control subjects, with human epithelial (HEp-2) cells as substrate. Antinuclear antibody titers ranged from 8 to 32 in patients with MS and rarely reached above 8 in control subjects. The most common fluorescence patterns produced by MS serums were diffuse, fine speckled, and diffuse with fine-speckled nuclear fluorescence. Large nucleolar speckles and cytoplasmic fine speckles were also seen. Similar, although stronger patterns were seen in control subjects with positive tests for systemic lupus erythematosus. No correlation was found between ANA and antimeasles antibody titers. The presence of a heterogeneous population of circulating antibodies to a variety of nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens lends further support to the concept that altered immune reactivity exists in MS. PMID- 7049133 TI - Duration of effect of pilocarpine gel. AB - Thirty-five patients participated in a clinical trial of pilocarpine hydrochloride gel applied once daily at 10 PM. Patients tolerated the medication well and there were no untoward side effects. Significant lowering of intraocular pressure was found for 24 hours after administration. The effect 12 hours after administration was greater than 24 hours after administration. Therefore, pilocarpine gel can be endorsed as an effective medication for 24 hours in the vast majority of patients. However, it is incumbent on the prescribing ophthalmologist to measure the IOP at 10 PM at least once after prescribing pilocarpine gel to ensure adequate control of IOP at that time. PMID- 7049134 TI - Laboratory studies in acute conjunctivitis. AB - In 84% of 700 consecutive cases of untreated acute conjunctivitis subjected to conjunctival cultures and scrapings, a presumptive etiologic diagnosis could be made based on standard microbiologic and cytologic criteria. Of these 583 cases, 264 were bacterial, 245 were viral, 51 were allergic, and 17 were chlamydial. In 75% of the cases, clinical impressions were consistent with laboratory findings. On the basis of these results, laboratory workup is recommended in (1) follicular conjunctivitis to differentiate viral from chlamydial processes, (2) purulent conjunctivitis to identify pathogens and decide on appropriate antimicrobial therapy based on sensitivity data, and (3) those cases in which the clinical picture is not sufficiently distinctive to suggest an etiologic diagnosis. PMID- 7049135 TI - Cul-de-sac approach to adjustable strabismus surgery. PMID- 7049136 TI - Louise Littig Sloan, pioneer in clinical vision research 1898-1982. PMID- 7049137 TI - Lidocaine in the treatment of tinnitus aurium. A double-blind study. AB - Available reports suggest that lidocaine is capable of relieving symptoms of tinnitus, but no convincing data support this conclusion. By use of a placebo controlled double-blind crossover study we found that 19 out of 26 patients with subjective tinnitus reported that their tinnitus was temporarily better or gone with intravenous (IV) lidocaine and that there was no change with IV saline. PMID- 7049138 TI - Pathologic quiz case 2: histiocytic lymphoma. PMID- 7049139 TI - [15(S)15-methyl-PGF2 alpha and uterine motility in non-pregnant women. Experimental research in vitro (preliminary note)]. PMID- 7049140 TI - The SISI test: a review. Part I. AB - This is the first of two papers reviewing the SISI test. Following a discussion of the history of clinical intensity discrimination tests, a large body of data on the SISI test is reviewed with special attention to its procedure, as well as its validity and reliability. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) Sufficient practice should be given prior to the onset of data collection. (2) The number of presentations can safely be reduced to 10 if the patient either responds consistently or does not respond at all. (3) SISI possesses good validity and reliability. Used in conjunction with other tests, it gives valuable diagnostic information. PMID- 7049141 TI - A study of the intraocular pressure lowering effect of timolol and dipivalyl epinephrine. PMID- 7049142 TI - Ophthalmology in colonial Queensland. PMID- 7049143 TI - Investigation of retinitis pigmentosa. AB - Retinitis pigmentosa is a solitary manifestation of separate genetically determined disorders in which there is progressive loss of vision and the appearance of characteristic fundus abnormalities. It is likely that each disease contained within this family of disorders has a different aetiology, a consideration which is important to the clinician, the researcher and the therapist. To the clinician it is essential to be able to identify the inheritance of the disorder in order to give educated genetic advice. It is the responsibility of the clinician to sub-divide retinitis pigmentosa into purer samples of disease since without such a sub-division research is unlikely to be fruitful. It is unreasonable to expect a biochemist to define systemic biochemical abnormalities if blood is analysed from a series of patients, each of which has a different disorder. If the cause of retinal degeneration in an animal homologue of human retinitis pigmentosa is identified the question is then raised as to whether the abnormality is relevant to human disease and, if so, to which one. Moreover, if a metabolic abnormality is identified in one disease it will not necessarily to be found in others and similarly, if therapy is effective in one form of the disease it may not be effective for all patients. A sub-division of retinitis pigmentosa may be made on the basis of inheritance of the disorder, on the basis of morphologic changes in the fundus, and on the qualitative functional changes identified. Such observations may also give some clues as to the pathogenesis of the different forms of RP or at least indicate in which cell system the primary disorders lie and will also show in what way the defect interferes with cell function. In this paper it is hoped to show that studies undertaken by the various disciplines within ophthalmology have now made limited achievements towards the goals of subdividing retinitis pigmentosa (RP) into purer samples of disease and typifying the functional and morphological attributes of the constituent disorders. PMID- 7049144 TI - Diuretic radionuclide renography in upper urinary tract obstruction. AB - Diuretic renography using radioidine sodium hippurate and a frusemide stimulus was used to differentiate between obstructive and nonobstructive dilatation of the urinary tract. Information was recorded by a gamma camera on line to a computer. Sixty-seven uretero-renal units (URU) were studied in 33 patients with an average age of 91/2 years. The diuretic renogram correctly indicated obstructions in 18 URU but gave false positive results in another five. Of these five, four had severely impaired function. The renogram indicated nonobstruction in 49 URU, and gave false negative results in another two; of these two one patient had a duplex kidney with a poorly functioning ureteric segment and the other patient had gross reflux and megaureters. The diuretic renogram is useful in the investigation of equivocal upper urinary tract obstruction but may be unreliable in situations of inadequate renal function. PMID- 7049145 TI - Factors influencing residual pancreatic beta cell function in recently diagnosed Type 1 diabetic children. PMID- 7049146 TI - Controlled trial of oral N-acetylcysteine in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7049147 TI - Double purse string suture technique for loop colostomy prolapse in infants. PMID- 7049148 TI - The rights of the child. First Vernon Collins Memorial Lecture. PMID- 7049149 TI - The immunization of broiler chickens against type C botulism. AB - Broiler chickens were inoculated with different amounts of a Clostridium botulinum type C toxoid at 1 or 14 or both 1 and 14 days of age. Immunity was assessed following challenge with type C botulism toxin at 3, 6, and 8 weeks of age. Protection induced by toxoid injection was affected more by time and number of inoculations than by the amount of toxoid administered. Single toxoid injections at one day of age furnished poor protection, whereas groups injected at 14 days of age were well protected at 6 and 8 weeks of age but not at 3 weeks of age. Variable results were observed in groups inoculated at both 1 and 14 days of age: immunity was evident in some groups following 3-, 6-, and 8-week toxin challenges. PMID- 7049150 TI - Isolation of a Mycoplasma sp. from three buzzards (Buteo spp.). AB - Mycoplasma spp. were isolated from the respiratory tissues of three buzzards. Bird I, a rough-legged buzzard (Buteo lagopus), showed airsacculitis, catarrhal fibrinous pneumonia, and catarrhal tracheitis. Bird II, a common buzzard (Buteo buteo), revealed mycotic airsacculitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. Bird III was a healthy rough-legged buzzard. All isolates metabolized glucose but not arginine and were serologically identical by immunofluorescence and growth-inhibition tests. No serological cross-reactions were seen with several known Mycoplasma species. PMID- 7049151 TI - Viability of the F strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum after storage in the frozen or lyophilized state. AB - Strain F of Mycoplasma gallisepticum was stored frozen at -60 C or -20 C in liquid medium with or without cryoprotective agents or was lyophilized with or without stabilizers and stored at 4 C. The titer was determined before, during, and after the subsequent storage period. In cultures frozen at -60 C or lyophilized, the titer had not significantly declined by the end of 371 days of storage. At -20 C, the titer of frozen cultures declined rapidly, and no mycoplasma had survived 282 days of storage. The addition of cryoprotective agents (10% glycerol or 8% dimethyl sulfoxide) or freeze-drying stabilizers (12% sucrose, or 7.5% glucose, 8% skim milk, or SPA) did not help maintain the viability of the mycoplasmas during freezing or freeze-drying process and the subsequent storage. PMID- 7049152 TI - Patients, pathologists and practice. PMID- 7049153 TI - Rubella immunization. PMID- 7049154 TI - A randomised trial and a comparative study of the copper 7 200 and the multiload copper 250 intrauterine devices. AB - A randomized trial of the Copper 7 200 (Cu 7 200) and the Multiload Copper 250 (ML Cu 250) intrauterine devices (IUD) was carried out for 13 months. On life table analysis at 12 months, net cumulative closure rates for use-related terminations (net rates) for the Cu 7 200 were higher than for the ML Cu 250 for accidental pregnancy (NS), expulsions (P less than 0.02) and medical removals for pain and/or bleeding (P less than 0.01). The continuation rate was lower for the Cu 7 200 (P less than 0.001). In a larger comparative study, at 12 months there was a highly significant difference (P less than 0.001) in favour of the ML Cu 250 in accidental pregnancy, expulsions and removals for pain and/or bleeding and continuation of use. Since the ultimate purpose of the use of an IUD is pregnancy protection with a minimum of side effects, the continued use of the Cu 7 200 is not recommended. PMID- 7049155 TI - [Comparative bacteriological studies and determination of resistance antibiotic of Escherichia coli strains in calves in Morocco and northwest Germany]. PMID- 7049156 TI - Genetic labeling of an Ent plasmid that encodes heat-stable enterotoxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from patients. AB - Ent plasmids of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli that encode heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) and both ST and heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) were labeled with a kanamycin- and an ampicillin-resistance transposon, respectively. These transposons were kept stably in the respective Ent plasmids. By monitoring antibiotic resistance we could easily select strains carrying Ent plasmids. Strains carrying the labeled plasmids produced enterotoxins that were immunologically indistinguishable from those produced by the parent strains. Moreover the strain carrying a labeled ST-Ent plasmid produced 16 times more ST than the parent strain. PMID- 7049157 TI - Genetical and biochemical aspects of quinate breakdown in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. AB - In the ascomycetous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, the expression of two inducible, contiguous or closely linked genes (qutB and qutC) which encode enzymes for quinate breakdown to protocatechuate, appears to be controlled by the product of a tightly linked third genet (qutA). The qut gene cluster locates on chromosome VIII. The catalytic steps required for this conversion are dehydrogenase, dehydroquinase, and dehydratase, and these activities are induced by the presence of quinate in a similar manner. The dehydroquinase enzyme has been purified and shown to be multimeric, consisting of 20-22 identical subunits of approximately 10,000 MW. The enzyme has a pI value of 5.84, a Km of 5 x 10(-4) M, and an amino acid composition that lacks tryptophan and cysteine. The enzyme also cross-reacts with rabbit antibodies raised against Neurospora crassa catabolic dehydroquinase. PMID- 7049158 TI - Linkage of the alcohol dehydrogenase structural genes in pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides). AB - Pearl millet produces three ADH isozymes, Sets I, II, and III. Naturally occurring ADH electrophoretic variants affecting Sets I and II isozymes but not III have been previously described. Analysis of such variants led to the identification of the Adh1 structural gene. The existence of a second Adh structural gene was inferred from dissociation-reassociation studies of Set II. In the present report, a naturally occurring variant affecting the electrophoretic mobility of Sets III and II but not Set I is described. Analysis of this variant confirms the existence of a second structural gene, Adh2. Crosses utilizing this Adh2 marker reveal a dissimilarity with maize and other plants such as sunflower and narrow-leafed lupins. Adh1 and Adh2 of pearl millet do not segregate independently; indeed, no recombinants have been observed. This is the first major difference encountered in an otherwise remarkably similar genetic and environmental control of the ADH isozymes in maize and millet. The organization of the Adh genes of pearl millet may reflect a more primitive arrangement than that of maize. PMID- 7049159 TI - Natural variants of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) with altered levels of set II alcohol dehydrogenase activity. AB - Two linked genes, Adh1 and Adh2, specify three sets of ADH isozymes in pearl millet. Set I is a homodimer specified by Adh1, Set III is a homodimer specified by Adh2, and Set II is a heterodimer consisting of one ADH1 subunit and one ADH2 subunit. Dry seeds exhibit only Sets I and II. Anaerobic treatment of seeds greatly increases the activity of Sets I and II and causes the Set III isozymes to be expressed. In the investigation reported here, the ADH zymogram phenotypes of 112 inbred pearl millet lines were analyzed. Two kinds of naturally occurring ADH variant strains were observed: in the "low-activity" variant, Set II activity is low in the dry seed, and no Set II activity is present upon anaerobic treatment. In the "high-activity" variant, Set II activity is high and Set III isozymes are expressed in the dry seed. The mutation in the high-activity strain appears to affect the product of Adh2 and not the product of Adh1. Dominance tests show that the mutations in both types of variant strains act in cis. These observations and linkage tests indicate that the mutations are closely linked to or at the Adh2 locus. PMID- 7049160 TI - Informational suppression as a tool for the investigation of gene structure and function. PMID- 7049161 TI - Primary structure of major outer-membrane protein I (ompF protein, porin) of Escherichia coli B/r. AB - In the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria hydrophilic pores exist, allowing the diffusion of various low-molecular-weight solutes. These pores are formed by proteins, the porins. In a preliminary communication [Chen, Kramer, Schmidmayr & Henning (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 5014-5017] we presented the primary structure of one of these porins, the 340-amino-acid-residue protein I (ompF protein) from Escherichia coli B/r. In the present paper we give the experimental evidence for this sequence. Two tryptophan positions, one valine position, two aspartic acid positions and nine out of 82 amide determinations have been corrected. To aid further studies on this class of transmembrane proteins, the isolation of most of the constituent peptides is documented. PMID- 7049162 TI - Quantitation and characterization of the microtubule associated MAP2 in porcine tissues and its isolation from porcine (PK15) and human (HeLa) cell lines. PMID- 7049163 TI - Purification and partial characterization of a new, sporulation specific, exo beta-glucanase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7049164 TI - Effects of ascorbic acid on the nonenzymatic binding to DNA and the mutagenicity of N-hydroxylated metabolite of a tryptophan-pyrolysis product. PMID- 7049165 TI - Molecular divergence of a major peptidoglycan synthetase with transglycosylase transpeptidase activities in Escherichia coli --- penicillin-binding protein 1Bs. PMID- 7049166 TI - Characterization and structural study of the DNA-binding protein HRm From Rhizobium meliloti. PMID- 7049167 TI - An enkephalin-generating enzyme in bovine adrenal medulla. PMID- 7049168 TI - Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human type III procollagen. PMID- 7049169 TI - Hirudin, a probe to analyze the growth-promoting activity of thrombin in fibroblasts; reevaluation of the temporal action of competence factors. PMID- 7049170 TI - Amino terminal sequence of the bacteriophage T5-coded gene A2 protein. PMID- 7049171 TI - Properties of "enkephalinase" from rat kidney: comparison of dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase and endopeptidase activities. PMID- 7049172 TI - The effect of insulin on collagen production in isolated chondrosarcoma chondrocytes. PMID- 7049173 TI - Effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the turnover of hexokinase II in the rat. PMID- 7049174 TI - Iron enhances the bactericidal action of streptonigrin. PMID- 7049175 TI - A possible role for cold insoluble globulin in chemotactic factor mediated polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence to plastic. PMID- 7049176 TI - Comparison of yeast mitochondrial Phe-tRNA synthetase subunits to their cytoplasmic counterparts: isolation and determination of amino acid compositions. PMID- 7049177 TI - Substrate-dependent inhibition of yeast enolase by fluoride. PMID- 7049178 TI - Characterization of insulin receptors in human promyelocytic leukemia cell HL60. PMID- 7049179 TI - Chorismate mutase-catalyzed reaction of (+/-)-chorismic acid. PMID- 7049180 TI - Limited digestion of RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli by trypsin (effect of rifamycin and DNA on the integrity of sigma subunit). PMID- 7049181 TI - Drug protein conjugates--I. A study of the covalent binding of [14C]captopril to plasma proteins in the rat. AB - The metabolism of [14C]captopril has been investigated in vitro and in vivo in male Wistar rats. The formation of conjugates of [14C]captopril with plasma proteins was observed both in vitro and in vivo: 180 min after intravenous infusion of [14C]captopril 35 +/- 5% of total radioactivity was covalently bound to plasma proteins. The fate of [14C]captopril-plasma protein conjugates was investigated in vivo. [14C]Captopril was incubated in vitro with rat and human plasma and the resulting captopril-protein conjugates were infused into male rats. The plasma concentration of [14C]captopril-rat plasma protein conjugates declined monoexponentially with a half-life of 71.1 +/- 2.2 min. After 180 min 28 +/- 3% of the radioactivity was excreted in urine, largely as [14C]captopril cysteine mixed disulphide (67%). Thus although captopril readily forms covalent bonds with plasma proteins the resulting conjugates dissociate in vivo. The toxicological implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7049182 TI - Evidence for detection of low molecular weight DNA--anti-DNA complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7049183 TI - Complement and lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7049184 TI - Prostaglandins, immune responses, and murine lupus. PMID- 7049185 TI - Antibodies to activated T cells and their soluble products in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7049186 TI - Lymphocyte subsets in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The role of abnormal numbers and function of lymphocyte subsets in SLE remains, to date, unclear. Evidence exists for both functional T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte defects although the data for T lymphocyte defects appear more compelling. The role of autoantibodies on these cellular defects is also unclear. They may take on an important pathophysiologic role in depletion of certain lymphocyte subsets with subsequent alteration of function or they may, in fact, be interesting epiphenomena since an inverse relationship of depressed T lymphocyte numbers and function to increased levels of LCTA are frequent. Many other factors clearly influence lymphocyte function and disease expression including genetics and endocrine factors. As methodologies improve, a clearer understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE will emerge. PMID- 7049187 TI - Philadelphia, the Founding Fathers, and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7049188 TI - A new method for evaluating mucolytic expectorant activity and its application. II. Application to two proteolytic enzymes, serratiopeptidase and seaprose. AB - Using our new method described in a preceding paper, in vivo effects of two proteolytic enzymes such as serratiopeptidase (SER) and seaprose (SAP) on sputa collected from bronchitis rabbits were examined. SER (20 mg/kg) and SAP (30 mg/kg) significantly reduced the viscosity of sputum (P less than 0.05) at the 1 3-h periods and the 4-6-h periods, respectively, after intraduodenal administration. 50 mg/kg of SER also significantly decreased not only viscosity (P less than 0.001) but also amount of freeze-dried substance (P less than 0.05) of sputum at the 1-3-h periods, but SAP did not affect the amount of dried substance. Both enzymes significantly increased the volume of sputum, probably as the result of liquefaction. Thus, mucolytic expectorant activity of both enzymes can be demonstrated first by the reduction in viscosity and next of the increase in volume of sputa. However, the decrease in amount of freeze-dried substance is not always in accord with the reduction viscosity. PMID- 7049189 TI - [The influence of clofibrate on glucose metabolism in diabetes mellitus without endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (author's transl)]. AB - The antidiabetic effect of clofibrate is well documented in the treatment of endogenous hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). Whether it is also effective in diabetic patients without HTG remains to be seen. 19 Type II diabetics without HTG (4 males, 15 females, age 61 +/- 21 years, duration of diabetes 9 +/- 6 years, body weight 118 +/- 20% according to Broca, triglycerides 140 +/- 156 mg/dl) were included in a randomised cross-over study and given a daily dose of 1.5 g clofibrate verum and clofibrate placebo, respectively, over 10 days while staying in hospital. The results showed that only in 8 patients under additional clofibrate therapy no changeover to insulin was required. Although blood glucose levels did not significantly improve, statistical evidence (as determined by the Grizzle analysis of variance) was given of an increased effect of sulfonylurea therapy. There was a negative correlation between the therapeutic effect and the individual blood glucose/insulin ratio following tolbutamide which was injected prior to the study. However, the incidence of insulin-demand was higher in patients with a high ratio than in those with a low ratio. Therefore, the specific antidiabetic effect of clofibrate seems to be only of minor clinical significance. PMID- 7049190 TI - Therapeutic effect of pirenzepine dihydrochloride on gastric ulcer evaluated by a double-blind controlled clinical study. Phase III study. AB - The therapeutic effects on gastric ulcer and side-effects of 5,11-dihydro-11[(4 methyl-1-piperazinyl)acetyl]-6H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6 one dihydrochloride (pirenzepine, LS519), a new antiulcer drug, were investigated in 15 medical institutes by a double-blind controlled clinical study, using trans 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl-5,9,13-trimethyltetradeca-4,8,12-trienoate (gefarnate) as the standard drug. 321 subjects were studied, 11 of whom were excluded, and analysis was carried out on the remaining 310 subjects. The final improvement rate (after 8 weeks of treatment) of the pirenzepine-treated group was significantly higher than that of the gefarnate-treated group. Cumulative healing rates based on endoscopic examination after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment were 23, 71 and 76%, respectively, for the pirenzepine group and 20, 51 and 60%, respectively, for the gefarnate group, with statistical significance, especially after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. Of the subjective symptoms, the improvement rates of epigastric pain on fasting and other occasions in the pirenzepine group were significantly higher than in the gefarnate group after 1 week of treatment. As for the global utility rate, pirenzepine showed significantly higher rates than gefarnate. Stratified analysis showed the excellent therapeutic effect of pirenzepine on ulcer lesion under various conditions, especially under difficult healing conditions, suggesting a broad spectrum of indications for the drug in clinical use. Neither pirenzepine nor gefarnate showed side-effects serious enough to require withdrawal of medication. Virtually the only side-effect encountered during pirenzepine administration was slightly dry mouth in 7.3% of the subjects. PMID- 7049191 TI - Intraperitoneal insulin: new alternative for diabetic CAPD patients. PMID- 7049192 TI - Management of peritoneally dialyzed patients around the time of transplant. PMID- 7049193 TI - [Histological morphometric methods. II. Automatic analysers (author's transl)]. AB - Histological morphometric methods can be divided into three groups depending on their automation degree: manual methods, semi-automatic methods, fully automatic methods. Among fully automated image analysers, one can separate devices into three main subgroups: 1 - general purpose systems controlled by software can be programmed to undertake an infinite variety of tasks. 2 - general purpose systems with limited repertoire of analysis, controlled by hardware programs. 3 - simple task instruments controlled by hardware programs (e.g. Hematrak, Leitz). Whichever instrument is used, three steps take place in an automated image analysis procedure: 1 - image numeration. 2 - parameters extraction. 3 - parameters interpretation. The NS 2000 image analyser belonged to the 2nd subgroup of the above mentioned systems. Its built-in hardware algorithm works just like successive erosions on images. An example (breast carcinoma tissue section) is given in order to illustrate performances of this peculiar image analyser. PMID- 7049194 TI - An overview of haptoglobins. PMID- 7049195 TI - [Microbial counts using a membrane filtration method. Considerations on the reproducibility of results]. PMID- 7049196 TI - [Epidemiology of Creutzfeldt-Jakob and related disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049197 TI - Clinical performance of resin-bonded cast metal bridges (Rochette bridges). A preliminary report. PMID- 7049198 TI - Occlusion and restorative dentistry for the general practitioner. Part 8--Cast and porcelain multiple posterior restorations. PMID- 7049199 TI - Reference system for scientific articles. PMID- 7049200 TI - The efficacy of topical miconazole in the treatment of denture stomatitis. PMID- 7049201 TI - Occlusion and restorative dentistry for the general practitioner. PMID- 7049202 TI - History of atrial fibrillation 1628-1819 Harvey - de Senac - Laennec. AB - For two centuries after Harvey the arterial pulse was often regarded as independent of the heart beat. This misunderstanding was mainly because of the frequent failure of the irregular heart to elicit a radial pulse: the "pulse deficit" of later times. Harvey observed ineffective palpitation of the atrium just before death. This was probably atrial fibrillation. He established the origin of the heart beat in the right atrium. Harvey's observations were confirmed and extended by de Senac in the mid-eighteenth century. He correlated gross irregularities (palpitation) with necropsy observation of mitral valve disease and dilatation of the left ventricle. He emphasised the origin of the heart's irregularity from the distended atrium consequent on distension or reflux of blood irritating the atrial wall. He also commented on disconcerted action and rippling of the ventricular wall before final cessation of movement in a dying heart (ventricular fibrillation). De Senac's ideas were a century and a half ahead of his time. PMID- 7049203 TI - Captopril as treatment for patients with pulmonary hypertension. Problem of variability in assessing chronic drug treatment. AB - We gave captopril, an angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor, to four patients with unexplained pulmonary hypertension to see if it would lower pulmonary arterial pressure or pulmonary vascular resistance. The patients were studied at rest and during supine bicycle exercise, before and after 48 hours of captopril treatment (up to 450 mg/day). During the treatment, each patient was monitored, with systemic and pulmonary pressures measured hourly, and cardiac output every two to four hours. We found no significant effect of captopril, either at rest or with exercise, on the cardiac output, pulmonary artery pressure, or pulmonary vascular resistance, measured at the end of 48 hours treatment. We noted, however, that during the 48 hour period, all patients showed pronounced swings in their pulmonary and systemic artery pressures and cardiac outputs that had no relation to the administration of captopril or time of day. We conclude that captopril appears to be ineffective in causing a sustained reduction in the pulmonary artery pressure or pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. It appears, however, that these patients experience spontaneous variability in their pulmonary resistance from hour to hour which needs to be further studied before a reliable assessment of long-term drug treatment can be made. PMID- 7049204 TI - A trial of prophylactic mexiletine in home coronary care. AB - A double blind randomised study was undertaken comparing the effects of oral mexiletine and placebo given by general practitioners at home in the early stages of suspected acute myocardial infarction, and continued for six weeks. The study comprised 216 patients. In 59 the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was not confirmed. Of the 72 patients with confirmed myocardial infarction treated with mexiletine, 11 (15.3%) died, compared with 19 (22.4%) of the 85 patients given the placebo, and significantly fewer of the former compared with the latter had frequent ventricular ectopics or ventricular tachycardia recorded on 24 hour electrocardiograms. Numbers of patients transferred to hospital or withdrawn from the trial because of arrhythmia or heart failure were similar in the two treated groups. Ten (13.9%) of the patients taking mexiletine had the drug withdrawn because of side effects attributed to it, compared with three (3.5%) of the group taking the placebo. A further five patients (all on mexiletine) also had treatment withdrawn because of side effects but infarction was not later confirmed. The results indicate that oral mexiletine can be given safely to patients with suspected myocardial infarction at home by their general practitioners in the absence of a positive electrocardiographic diagnosis. The frequency of ventricular tachycardia is significantly reduced; but there is no evidence of reduced mortality. PMID- 7049205 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7049206 TI - Oxygen toxicity of the lung: an update. PMID- 7049207 TI - Assessment of pulmonary airway calibre. PMID- 7049208 TI - Pindolol--the pharmacology of a partial agonist. AB - 1 Pindolol is a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent; its affinity to adrenoceptors in guinea pig atria (beta 1) is not significantly different from that in guinea pig trachea (beta 1 + beta 2) and canine vascular smooth muscle (beta 2). 2 Pindolol displays a striking diversity of agonist activities in isolated tissues. Stimulant effects correspond to 40--50% of the maximum effects of isoprenaline in isolated kitten atria and guinea pig trachea and to only 10% in guinea pig atria. Effects in canine isolated mesenteric vessels are those of a full agonist, maximum responses equaling those of isoprenaline. These findings suggest that the stimulant effects of pindolol are exerted principally on beta 2 adrenoceptors. 3 Cardiac stimulation produced by pindolol in the dog is sufficient to compensate for the cardiac depression resulting from blockade of beta-adrenoceptors in the heart. Reductions in cardiac output and compensatory increases in total peripheral resistance do not occur or are much smaller than those produced by beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents lacking sympathomimetic activity. 4 Pindolol-induced relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle prevents or minimizes the bronchoconstrictor effects of injected spasmogens in the cat. 5 Pindolol has marked vasodilator activity, small doses reducing femoral and mesenteric vascular resistance by approximately 30%. Doses comparable to those used in hypertensive patients lower blood pressure by 20 mmHg in non anaesthetized dogs. PMID- 7049209 TI - The third S.K. & F. Prize lecture, University of London, December 1981. The clinical pharmacology of oral contraceptive steroids. PMID- 7049210 TI - Cigarette smoking does not attenuate the cardiovascular effects of epoprostenol (prostacyclin) in humans. PMID- 7049211 TI - Assessment of drug therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 7049212 TI - Side effects occurring during administration of epoprostenol (prostacyclin, PGI2), in man. AB - 1 Fifty infusions of epoprostenol (PGI2) were made, usually increasing the infusion rate until adverse effects were encountered. The volunteers were appraised that they might experience headache and facial flushing. 2 Facial flushing, headache, tachycardia and decrease in diastolic blood pressure were seen in almost all subjects. Erythema over the venous infusing site was also encountered in 13 infusions. Less common effects were sudden bradycardia, pallor and sweating--the vagal reflex--(seven times) and chest pain (twice). Other complaints included restlessness, abdominal discomfort, nausea and drowsiness. 3 The literature on side effects reported during PGI2 infusion is reviewed and recommendations are made concerning administration of PGI2. PMID- 7049213 TI - alpha-Methyldopa, alpha-methyldopamine an alpha-methylnoradrenaline: substrates for the thermolabile form of human platelet phenol sulphotransferase. AB - 1 Sulphate conjugation catalyzed by phenol sulphotransferase (PST) is an important pathway in the catabolism of alpha-methyldopa (MD). Variations in PST activity in an easily obtained tissue such as the human platelet might reflect individual differences in the sulphate conjugation of MD in other organs and tissues. There are at least two forms of human platelet PST, a thermolabile form for which dopamine is a substrate and a thermostable form for which low concentrations of phenol can serve as a substrate. 2 MD, alpha-methyldopamine (MDA) and alpha-methylnoradrenaline (MNA) were tested as substrates for human platelet PST. All three were substrates for the thermolabile form of the enzyme and none were substrates for the thermostable form of PST. Apparent Michaelis Menten (Km) values for MD, MDA and MNA were 5.5, 0.014 and 0.28 mM, respectively. Apparent Km values for 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulphate, the sulphate donor for the reaction, were 0.08, 0.13 and 0.10 microM, respectively, for the three catechol substrates. The pH optima for the reaction were 7.5 for MD and 6.5 for both MDA and MNA. 3 When platelet homogenates from 20 individual subjects were tested, there were significant correlations between PST activities measured with dopamine and those measured with MD, MDA and MNA (r = 0.54, 0.98 and 0.93, P less than 0.02, less than 0.001, and less than 0.001, respectively), but not between activities measured with low concentrations of phenol and those measured with MD, MDA and MNA (r = 0.021, 0.045 and 0.046, respectively). There results were also compatible with the conclusion that MD, MDA and MNA were substrates for the thermolabile form of platelet PST. 4 These observations will make it possible to test the hypothesis that variations in the activity of the thermolabile form of platelet PST may reflect individual differences in the sulphate conjugation of MD, MDA and MNA. PMID- 7049214 TI - Immunohistochemical techniques in the early screening of monoclonal antibodies to human colonic epithelium. AB - Selected monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) isolated after immunization of rats with a human colonic carcinoma membrane preparation, have been screened on frozen and paraffin sections of colonic tissue, using immunohistochemical techniques, in order to provide additional information with regard to specificity and crossreactivity with normal tissues.Of 10 McAbs previously shown to bind to a colonic carcinoma membrane preparation in a radioimmunoassay, 7 show specific staining when tested by indirect immunofluorescence on crysotat sections of colonic tissue. Three of these 7 show activity on both normal and malignant colonic epithelium, and the remaining 4 stain normal epithelium, with little or no activity on malignant tissue. In the indirect immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase techniques on paraffin sections of the same material, only 2 McAbs retain activity; one detects an antigen in colonic mucus, and the other recognises an antigen which is sparse on normal colonic epithelium and abundant on colonic tumours.We conclude that screening of McAbs on frozen tissue sections, using indirect immunofluorescence, is a useful adjunct to conventional screening methods, e.g. binding to membrane preparations and/or cell lines in a radioimmunoassay. These techniques distinguish McAbs with similar binding values in conventional assays, identify their activity on a wide range of normal and malignant tissues, demonstrate antigens that are lost or gained in malignant transformation and finally assist in the selection of McAbs for further extensive study before possible clinical use. PMID- 7049215 TI - Assessment of anti-stratum corneum antibody titres in pustulosis palmaris et plantaris. AB - Titres of anti-stratum corneum (SC) antibodies, determined by an indirect immunofluorescence (IF) technique, were significantly higher on average in pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (PPP) and pompholyx than in normal controls. By a complement IF technique, the antibodies fixed complement (C3) in high titer in PPP, but to a much lesser degree in pompholyx and normal controls. Direct IF microscopy studies showed the deposition of IgG and C3 in the SC in some of the biopsy specimens of the pustular lesions. These findings suggest that in PPP anti SC antibodies may be involved at least in part in activation of the complement system and the subsequent accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 7049216 TI - Immunoperoxidase visualization of Langerhans cells in human epidermal sheets by light and electron microscopy. PMID- 7049217 TI - Functional and biochemical phenotype in relation to cellular age of differentiated neutrophils in chronic myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 7049218 TI - The direct antiglobulin test in P. falciparum malaria. AB - The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was performed on 134 Gambian children with P. falciparum malaria. 52 children had a positive DAT and in 25 this was due to the adherence of C3 to their red cells whilst 13 had sensitization with IgG as well as C3. Sensitization with C4 alone or associated with IgG and/or C3 was only rarely found. The haemoglobin levels and reticulocyte counts were not significantly different in patients with a positive DAT from those with a negative DAT. The children with positive IgG DAT, however, were of a significantly older age group and had significantly higher parasitaemias at presentation than children with complement components only or with a negative DAT. In vitro assay of phagocytosis by peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) showed that PBM from malarious patients were less active in phagocytosis than normal male adult Caucasian PBM. Neither PBM from malarious patients nor normal adult Caucasians PBM showed phagocytosis of cells from DAT positive malarious children. The same in vitro assay was used to test for the presence of opsonizing anti schizont antibodies in the sera of these children and in adult Gambians. This revealed the presence of a schizont specific opsonizing antibody in the sera of adult Gambians and in the sera of children with a positive DAT due to IgG but not in sera of patients with a negative IgG. These findings indicate that a positive IgG DAT in malaria does not necessarily lead to excess haemolysis of non parasitized red cells. The presence of a schizont opsonizing antibody, leading to in vitro phagocytosis, in the sera of children with a positive DAT and in sera from adult Gambians indicates a relationship between the development of the positive DAT and acquisition of protective malarial immunity. PMID- 7049219 TI - Results of immunosuppression in 170 cases of severe aplastic anaemia. Report of the European Group of Bone Marrow Transplant (EGBMT). AB - This is a report of the European Group of Bone Marrow Transplant (EGBMT) on the influence of immunosuppression (IS) on survival of patients with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA). Fourteen teams participated in this survey involving 170 cases treated from 1974 to December 1980. The 1 year survival was 62.7%. Three types of treatment were used: (1) anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) alone, (2) anti-thymocyte globulin and haplo-identical related bone marrow infusion, and (3) high dose bolus-6-methyl-prednisolone (b-6 MePr). There was no statistical difference in survival between these three groups. Androgens did not modify survival. Blood counts before treatment had a significant prognostic value. Patients with less than 0.2 X 10(9)/l granulocytes and less than 10 X 10(9)/l reticulocytes had 40% 1 year survival; the others had more than 70% 1 year survival. Patients with complete or partial reconstitution had the same good prognosis. In contrast, patients with no improvement after IS had a 27% 1 year survival. Several successive courses of IS improved the prognosis of non-responding patients. This survey confirms that IS improves the survival of patients with SAA. A prospective study will be performed to define the best and safest form of IS and to correlate clinical results with in vitro tests. PMID- 7049220 TI - Studies on quinine- and quinidine-dependent antibodies against platelets and their reaction with platelets in the Bernard-Soulier syndrome. AB - The sera of 14 patients with quinine/quinidine-dependent thrombocytopenia were studied in the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test (PSIFT), the 51Cr lysis assay and the complement fixation test (CFT). When anti-Ig or anti-IgG reagents were used, the PSIFT proved to be a little more sensitive than the 51Cr lysis assay and far more sensitive than the CFT. With the PSIFT, it was possible to determine the immunoglobulin class of the antibodies, which in all sera was IgG of the subclass IgG1. In two sera there were also IgG3 antibodies, and in the sera of three patients additional IgM drug-dependent platelet antibodies were detected. With the anti-C3 reagent, however, lower titres were observed in the PSIFT than in the 51Cr-lysis assay, in contrast to the results with other complement-binding IgG platelet antibodies. The F(ab')2 fragments of the antibodies did not react in the PSIFT. This indicates that the Fc part of the antibody is essential for the fixation on the platelet membrane. These findings support the theory that in this syndrome drug-antibody complexes area formed in he absence of platelets that selectively adhere to the Fc receptor on platelets. The platelets of patients with the Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) reacted normally with the quinine/quinidine-dependent antibodies in some of the sera, but not with those in other sera in the PSIFT. However, lysis of BSS platelets was never observed. The results of absorption studies showed a reflection of the results in the PSIFT, indicating that the receptor for the quinine/quinidine dependent antibodies is not absent in this disease but altered. Whether a reaction with BSS platelets will take place depends on characteristics of the antibodies. PMID- 7049221 TI - Bone marrow reconstitution of lethally irradiated canines using autologous bone marrow fractions obtained by counterflow centrifugation-elutriation. AB - Canine bone marrow fractionated by counterflow centrifugation-elutriation results in three areas of nucleated cell recovery. Fraction 1 accounts for 50% of the total nucleated cells and 25-40% of the total recovered CFU-GM activity. Fraction 2 contains less than 2% of the total nucleated cells and less than 0.2% of the CFU-GM activity. Fraction 3 accounts for approximately 50% of the total nucleated cell recovery and 60-75% of the total recovered CFU-GM activity. Animal survival was not directly correlated with the levels of CFU-GM activity in the transfused fractions. Autologous infusion of these fractions into irradiated canines (9 Gy, 0.1 Gy/min) resulted in distinct survival profiles. Canines receiving autologous fraction-2 cells showed no haematological reconstitution, with death occurring on days 10-11 post-irradiation. Canines receiving autologous fraction-3 cells showed limited myeloid repopulation of both the bone marrow and peripheral blood with a mean survival time for 24 d. Canines receiving autologous fraction-1 cells showed complete haematological reconstitution after 48 d and long-term survival. The data may indicate a separation or enrichment of pluripotential stem cells (fraction 1) from committed myeloid progenitor cells (fraction 3). PMID- 7049222 TI - Production of active and inactive renin by cultured explants from the human female genital tract. AB - Myometrium, decidua, chorio-decidua and amnion were collected from women undergoing caesarean section and from pregnant women at hysterectomy and hysterotomy for comparison with myometrium, cervix and endometrium taken from non pregnant women at hysterectomy. Homogenates of chorio-decidua and amnion contained the largest concentrations of active and inactive renin. Cultured explants of all tissues except amnion were found to produce both types of renin. The percentage of active renin produced before 20 days of culture was significantly greater in cultures of chorio-decidua than in those of myometrium (P less than 0.0005) or decidua vera (P less than 0.025), which suggests that renin synthesis in vivo is probably confined to the chorio-decidua. PMID- 7049223 TI - Changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in normotensive primigravidae in the four days after normal spontaneous delivery. AB - Plasma renin activity, plasma renin concentration, plasma renin substrate, plasma angiotensin II and plasma aldosterone were measured in 10 true primiparae, normotensive throughout pregnancy, for 4 days after a spontaneous vaginal delivery. The concentration of all the measured variables, except plasma renin substrate, fell steeply over the first 3 days post partum. In four of the 10 patients, all components of the renin-angiotensin system increased in concentration somewhat thereafter, although not to the levels of the first day post partum. There are multiple potential sources of renin in the fetoplacental unit and it is possible that this 'pregnancy' renin may be capable of the partial suppression of the maternal renin production during pregnancy. The slight rebound observed in some patients may represent a hunting for re-establishment of non pregnant values. PMID- 7049224 TI - Diabetic retinopathy and its relation to type of diabetes: review of a retinal clinic population. AB - A detailed survey was performed of 100 consecutive diabetic patients with severe retinopathy referred to a retinal clinic. They were classified as having either type 1 (insulin-dependent) or type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes. There were significant associations between an initial diagnosis of maculopathy. There was a significant association between male sex and proliferative retinopathy. Referral patterns to this clinic and the medical supervision of the patients are discussed. PMID- 7049225 TI - Control of astigmatism after surgery and trauma. AB - Since the introduction of microsurgical accuracy in the closure of corneal wounds, there have been fewer complications due to imperfect wound closure. As a result the eye is much safer after intraocular surgery or trauma. There may, however, be an undesirable and irregular refractive error. Much thought has been given to the prevention of this by attention to other details during closure of wounds. Interest has been revived in surgery for the correction of inherent refractive errors. The methods used for such conditions may also be applied to residual distortion after surgery or trauma. The possibility of adjustment during the early postoperative period has escaped detailed consideration. This neglected approach to the control of astigmatism is discussed in this paper. PMID- 7049226 TI - Modifications to the Kelsey Fry bone awls for use in circumpalatal wiring. PMID- 7049227 TI - Uprighting molars as an adjunct to restorative and periodontal treatment of adults. AB - The interrelationship between form, function and stomatologic health is unclear. However, tooth positions that prevent bacterial plaque removal may predispose towards periodontal disease. A frequent problem in adults is loss of posterior teeth with subsequent tip and drift of the molars. Occlusal trauma, if superimposed on gingival inflammation, can result in rapid tissue destruction. Therefore, an indication for orthodontic treatment is the restoration of normal axial inclination and tooth position so that bacterial plaque control may be effected. Simple orthodontic appliances may be used to restore the position of tipped molars. The benefits of orthodontic treatment, prior to the restoration of the posterior occlusion, are improvement in occlusal loading, improvement of periodontal health and simplification of prosthetic design and fabrication. PMID- 7049228 TI - An improved method of differential rapid maxillary expansion in cleft palate. PMID- 7049229 TI - The influence of diet on the exocrine pancreatic secretion of growing pigs. AB - 1. Pancreatic juice was collected from six pigs of 48 kg initial weight fitted with a collection catheter in the pancreatic duct and a return catheter in the duodenum. 2. Measurements of flow and composition of the juice were made during 24 h periods after adaptation to isonitrogenous diets based on barley, wheatings and fish meal (diet BWF) or starch, sucrose, casein, maize oil and cellulose (diet SSC), given in a change-over design. Measurements were also made during the periods of adaptation to a change from one diet to the other. 3. Mean flow-rates for pigs adapted to diets showed a highly significant four-fold difference between diets; values were 4962 ml/d for diet BWF and 1273 ml/d for diet SSC. The hourly volumes of juice were very variable and showed no clear response to feeding and no consistent diurnal pattern for either diet. 4. There were no significant differences between diets in the specific activities of the proteases. Average values were (units/mg protein) trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) 29.6, chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) 7.7, carboxypeptidase A diet BWF than with diet SSC. The specific activities and total outputs of alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) were significantly higher for diet BWF than for diet SSC; specific activities for the two diets respectively were: (units/mg protein) alpha amylase 95-6 and 42.3, lipase 59.0 and 14.5. 5. The higher daily volume of juice with diet BWF was associated with significantly (but only slightly) higher levels of both sodium and potassium, compared with diet SSC. 6. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies on digestion at this Institute, in which pigs with intestinal cannulas were given the same diets. PMID- 7049230 TI - The effects of cold exposure of pregnant sheep on foetal plasma nutrients, hormones and birth weight. AB - 1. Five pregnant sheep, with indwelling catheters positioned for withdrawal of maternal right-atrial and foetal arterial blood, were exposed for 2 h to neutral and to cold (-10 and wool-clipped) environmental temperatures. Acute maternal cold exposure increased the concentrations of glucose, glycerol and non esterified fatty acids in maternal plasma and increased the concentration of glucose in foetal plasma, but not glycerol or non-esterified fatty acids. The concentration of corticosteroids in maternal plasma increased. The concentration of corticosteroids in foetal plasma did not change but the concentration of insulin increased. 2. Thirteen pregnant sheep were housed at thermoneutrality and thirteen similar sheep, fed the same amount of food, were clipped and exposed to cold during the last 5-6 weeks of pregnancy. Chronic maternal cold exposure increased the birth weight of both single and twin lambs. 3. It is concluded that exposure of pregnant sheep to cold can alter the partition of some nutrients between mother and foetus in favour of the foetus, and it is suggested how this may be brought about. PMID- 7049231 TI - Inhibition of the RTEM beta-lactamase from Escherichia coli. Interaction of the enzyme with derivatives of olivanic acid. AB - From chemical and kinetic studies of the interaction of the RTEM beta-lactamase from Escherichia coli with three derivatives of olivanic acid, MM22382 (1), MM13902 (2), and MM4550 (3), a mechanism for the inhibition of the enzyme by these compounds is proposed: the interaction proceeds by formation of an acyl enzyme, the delta 2-pyrroline, which may either deacylate or undergo tautomerization to the more tightly bound delta 1-pyrroline. The ability of olivanic acids to inhibit the enzyme thus depends on the partitioning of the acyl enzyme to the delta 1-pyrroline ( a process that competes with the normal hydrolytic pathway) and on the rate of regeneration of free enzyme from this complex. PMID- 7049232 TI - Antibody-nucleic acid complexes. Immunospecific retention of globin messenger ribonucleic acid with antibodies specific for 7-methylguanosine. PMID- 7049233 TI - Subunit structure of insulin receptor of rat adipocytes as demonstrated by photoaffinity labeling. AB - Isolated rat adipocytes were incubated in the dark with either one or two radioiodinated photoreactive insulin derivatives, N epsilon B29-(azidobenzoyl) insulin (B29-MABI) and N alpha B1-(azidobenzoyl) insulin (B1-MABI), and were then exposed to light. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and radioautography of the crude plasma membrane fraction after reduction showed that B29-MABI labeled specifically three proteins of Mr 130 000, 90 000, and 40 000 whereas B1-MABI labeled specifically two proteins of Mr 130 000 and 40 000. B1-MABI also variably labeled some bands of intermediate Mr between 130 000 and 90 000. In contrast, the labeling of the 40-kilodalton protein was not observed in our previous studies in which photolabeling was carried our on isolated plasma membrane preparations [Yip, C. C., Yeung, C. W. T. & Moule, M. L. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 70-76; Yeung, C. W. T., Moule, M. L., & Yip, C. C. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 2196-2203]. Without reduction, an Mr 300 000 band and a larger band which barely entered a 5-15% gradient gel were specifically labeled by both photoreactive insulins. Reduction of these two high molecular weight bands gave rise to the 130-, 90-, and 40-kilodalton bands. The labeling of these proteins was affected neither by the time or temperature of incubation nor by the addition of methylamine, chloroquine, bacitracin, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, p (chloromercuri) benzenesulfonic acid, Trasylol, N-ethylmaleimide, or benzamidine. The labeling of these proteins by the photoreactive insulin derivatives was inhibited by first incubating the adipocytes with a human autoimmune serum to insulin receptor. We therefore conclude that these proteins are subunits of the insulin receptor in intact adipocytes. PMID- 7049234 TI - Cloning, purification, and characterization of beta-cystathionase from Escherichia coli. AB - The Clarke-Carbon clone bank of hybrid plasmid Escherichia coli DNA has been screened for plasmids able to complement an E. coli strain deficient for the production of beta-cystathionase. Clone 4-14 had the ability to complement a deletion mutation at this locus and expressed higher levels of beta-cystathionase than the wild-type strain. The transfer of the plasmid carried by this clone to a strain that constitutively expresses all the enzymes of the methionine biosynthetic pathway results in 100-fold overproduction of beta-cystathionase as compared to wild-type levels. With use of this strain, an efficient three-step purification scheme is described that gives 90% pure enzyme in 54% yield with a specific activity of 215 IU/mg. This enzyme is characterized as to molecular weight (280 000), number of subunits (six), pyridoxal phosphate binding (5.7 mol of pyridoxal phosphate bound/mol of protein, Km of 0.005 mM), amino acid composition, substrate specificity, and kinetic properties. PMID- 7049235 TI - Fluorescence studies on the location of L7/L12 relative to L10 in the 50S ribosome of Escherichia coli. AB - The localization of the protein L7/L12 relative to protein L10 in the Escherichia coli ribosome was studied by fluorescence energy transfer. N-[7-(Dimethylamino)-4 methylcoumarinyl]maleimide, coupled to Cys-70 of L10, served as a donor for fluorescein which was attached to Lys-51 or to the N terminus of L7/L12. The binding of the fluorescein-L7/L12 dimers to a strong and a weak binding site in 50S ribosomes could be distinguished. Therefore, it was possible to measure the distances between Cys-70 of L10 and Lys-51 and the N terminus of each L7/L12 dimer. For L7/L12 in the strong binding site, these two distances are both about 43 A, and for L7/L12 in the weak binding site, both are about 56 A. PMID- 7049236 TI - Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system: role of divalent metals in the dimerization and phosphorylation of enzyme I. AB - The function of divalent metal ions (Mg2+ and Mn2+) in the dimerization and phosphorylation of enzyme I has been studied. Only a dimeric form of the enzyme can be phosphorylated [Misset, O., Brouwer, M., & Robillard, G. T. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 883--890; Hoving, H., Lolkema, J. S., & Robillard, G. T. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 87--93]. Kinetic studies of phosphoryl-group exchange between phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate and measurements of initial enzyme I phosphorylation rates revealed that a divalent metal ion must be bound to the enzyme to render the dimer active. Mn2+ binding experiments by means of electron paramagnetic resonance showed binding of at least one Mn2+ per unphosphorylated dimer with a binding constant comparable to the activation constant found in the kinetic studies and a 10-fold tighter binding of only one Mn2+ per phosphorylated dimer. Gel filtration experiments provided evidence that divalent metals produce about a 10-fold stabilization of the dimers, in addition to their effect on the specific dimer activity. The stability of the dimer was also strongly dependent on salts such as LiCl, NaCl, KCl, and a series of tetraalkylammonium chlorides. The relative effects of these salts suggest that hydrophobic interactions possibly play a significant role in enzyme I dimerization. PMID- 7049237 TI - Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system: mechanism of phosphoryl-group transfer from phosphoenolpyruvate to HPr. AB - The mechanism of phosphoryl-group transfer from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to HPr, catalyzed by enzyme I of the Escherichia coli PEP-dependent phosphotransferase system, has been studied in vitro. Steady-state kinetics and isotope exchange measurements revealed that this reaction cannot be described by a classical ping pong mechanism although phosphoenzyme I acts as an intermediate. The kinetic data indicate that HPr and PHPr occupy binding sites on enzyme I that do not overlap with the binding sites for PEP and pyruvate. As a result, binding interactions between HPr and enzyme I exist regardless of their phosphorylated state. A general mechanism is presented that describes the phosphorylation of HPr. The physiological implications of this mechanism are discussed. PMID- 7049238 TI - Characterization of in vitro deoxyribonucleic acid breakage and cross-linking induced by bis-isopropylamine)-trans-dihydroxy-cis-dichloroplatinum(IV). AB - Bis(isopropylamine)-trans-dihydroxy-cis-dichloroplatinum(IV) (CHIP or JM-9), a derivative of Cisplatin, was found to have DNA breakage and interstrand cross linking activities in vitro. DNA breakage was detected by alkaline and neutral sucrose gradient analysis, agarose gel electrophoresis, and alkaline ethidium bromide fluorescence assay employing covalently closed circular PM2 DNA. DNA cross-linking activity was detected by alkaline sucrose gradient analysis and by the "snap-back" assay employing PM2 DNAs. Non-sulfhydryl-containing reducing agents, e.g., NaBH4 and NADPH, stimulated both cross-linking and breakage activities. Alkaline buffers, cyanide, or sulfhydryl group containing agents inhibited both types of activities. The hydroxyl free radical scavenger sodium benzoate (100 mM) was found to inhibit 99% and 25% of DNA breakage and cross linking activities, respectively, suggesting DNA breakage and cross-linking may be independently mediated. PMID- 7049239 TI - Quantitation of the specific interaction of [14a-3H]cryptopleurine with 80S and 40S ribosomal species from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 7049240 TI - Hyperplastic and neoplastic erythroproliferative diseases induced by oncogenic murine retroviruses. PMID- 7049241 TI - Uptake and phosphorylation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by wild-type and single-kinase strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The role of phosphorylation in sugar transport in baker's yeast was studied using 2-deoxy-D-glucose. In wild-type baker's yeast, 2-deoxy-D-glucose is accumulated as a mixture of the free sugar and several derivatives. Pool labeling experiments, designed to determine the temporal order of appearance of labeled 2 deoxy-D-glucose in the intracellular pools, have confirmed previous reports that 2-deoxy-D-glucose first appears in the sugar phosphate pool. Such results are consistent with a transport associated phosphorylation mechanism. Since wild-type yeasts contain three enzymes which could participate in such a process, hexokinase isozymes PI and PII and glucokinase, pool labeling experiments were carried out with single-kinase mutant strains containing only one of these enzymes. Results similar to those for wild-type strains were obtained for all three single-kinase strains, suggesting that if transport associated phosphorylation does occur in baker's yeast, it is not a function of the specific kinase present in the cell. While the results of the pool labeling experiments are consistent with a transport associated phosphorylation mechanism for 2-deoxy D-glucose, caution is urged in interpreting the results of experiments with whole cells where problems of compartmentation and multiple pools are difficult to assess. PMID- 7049242 TI - An improved method for covalent attachment of antibody to liposomes. AB - A rapid and simple method is described for the incorporation of monoclonal antibody coupled with palmitic acid into liposomes prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation method (Szoka, F. and Papahadjopoulos, D. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 4194-4198). Palmitoyl antibody in 0.15% deoxycholate is added to a liposome suspension after the majority of the organic solvent has been removed by evaporation. Efficient incorporation (over 80%) of palmitoyl antibody occurred without leakage of the encapsulated drug. Native, unmodified antibody did not incorporate under identical conditions. About 50% of the incorporated antibodies could be readily digested by protease, while most of an internal protein marker was not, suggesting that about half of the antibodies were exposed on the outer surfaces of liposomes. Target-specific binding of antibody-liposomes has also been demonstrated in vitro with the RDM-4 lymphoma cells. This method offers a rapid and highly efficient attachment of functional antibody molecules to liposomes with high capture efficiency of drugs, and therefore should be useful in target-specific delivery of drugs mediated by liposomes. PMID- 7049243 TI - Turnover of protein components of the plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The peptide composition of plasma membrane in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells growing at different temperatures between 18 and 38 degrees C was studied using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Stability of the proteins, both qualitative and quantitative, was observed at the tested temperatures. Treatment for 2 h with cycloheximide decreased by about 50% the amount of a 80 kDa membrane peptide at 18, 23, 28 and 33 degrees C, with no other apparent effects. At 38 degrees C the 80 kDa peptide was not affected by the presence of the drug. Addition of tunicamycin to cultures at concentrations partially inhibitory to growth caused a large accumulation of the 80 kDa peptide in the plasma membrane, which cycloheximide did not modify. Pulse-chase experiments indicated a low rate of turnover of total plasma membranes in cells growing at 18 and 28 degrees C. In contrast, at 38 degrees C about 50% of the radioactivity in plasma membranes disappeared after a 2 h chase. The 80 kDa protein band was the only one with significant differential decay. PMID- 7049244 TI - Protein synthesis using poly(2'-halogeno-2'-deoxyadenylic acids) as messenger. AB - Poly(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenylic acid), poly(2'-chloro-2'-deoxyadenylic acid) and poly(2'-bromo-2'-deoxyadenylic acid) are used as messenger RNAs in protein synthesizing systems in vitro. All polynucleotides were active as messengers and [14 C]lysine was incorporated into polypeptides. The initial velocity of polylysine formation was greater using poly(2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenylic acid) as messenger than in the case of poly(rA), and all synthetic messengers lived longer in the protein synthetic system. PMID- 7049245 TI - E coli tRNAPhe modified at the 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl) uridine with a photoaffinity label is fully functional for aminoacylation and for ribosomal interaction. AB - E. coli tRNAPhe was modified at its 3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine residue with the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl) glycine. Exclusive modification of this base was shown by two-dimensional TLC analysis of the T1 oligonucleotide and nucleoside products of nuclease digestion. The fully modified tRNA could be aminoacylated to the same level as control tRNA. The aminoacylated tRNA was as active as control tRNA in non-enzymatic binding to the P site of ribosomes, and in EFTu-dependent binding to the ribosomal A site. The functional activity of this photolabile modified tRNA allows it to be used to probe the A and P binding sites on ribosomes and on the other proteins that interact with tRNA. Crosslinking to the ribosomal P site has been shown. PMID- 7049246 TI - Activation of a latent RNAase from yeast by nucleoside triphosphates. AB - A latent RNAase activity stimulated by nucleoside triphosphates has been isolated from a yeast chromatin extract, by filtration on Sepharose 6B and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The RNAase was separated from a thermolabile proteic inhibitor on phosphocellulose. When separated from the inhibitor, the RNAase hydrolyses RNA to 5'-mononucleotides. Its activity is retained in the presence of EDTA, and 50% inhibited by 1 mM ATP or CTP. The RNAase is inhibited by the thermolabile component only in the presence of divalent cations. The activity is recovered upon addition of 0.01 mM ATP to the mixture. The Km for ATP is 10 microM. ATP can be replaced by other ribo- or deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates with varying efficiency but not by ADP, AMP or cAMP. These results suggest multiple interactions between the RNAase, a regulatory component, divalent cations and nucleoside triphosphates. PMID- 7049247 TI - The mammalian enzyme which replaces B protein of E. coli quinolinate synthetase is D-aspartate oxidase. AB - In Escherichia coli quinolinic acid, a precursor of NAD+, is synthesized from L aspartate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate by two enzymes, an FAD-containing 'B protein' and 'A protein'. An enzyme which can replace the B protein in the E. coli quinolinate synthetase system when D-aspartate replaces L-aspartate as a substrate has been purified 300-fold from bovine kidney. This enzyme is shown to be identical with the previously described D-aspartate oxidase (D aspartate:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC 1.4.3.1). The immediate reaction product of D-aspartate oxidase (iminoaspartate) is condensed with dihydroxyacetone phosphate to form quinolinate in a reaction catalyzed by E. coli quinolinate synthetase A protein. In the absence of A protein (or dihydroxyacetone phosphate) iminoaspartate is spontaneously hydrolyzed to form oxaloacetate with a half-life of about 2.5 min at 25 degrees C and pH 8.0. PMID- 7049248 TI - Inactivation of human plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by a metalloproteinase from Serratia marcescens. AB - The interaction of a Serratia marcescens metalloproteinase with human plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor has been investigated. The enzyme was not inactivated by this inhibitor but, instead, converted the native plasma protein into an inactive form of decreased molecular weight. Amino terminal sequence analysis indicated that the interaction of the inhibitor and enzyme was at the reactive site of the inhibitor, with peptide-bond cleavage resulting in the inactivation. This process may be important in necrotic processes occurring during bacterial infiltration of host tissues. PMID- 7049249 TI - Chemical modifications of Escherichia coli L-asparaginase and their effect on plasma clearance rate and other properties. AB - Escherichia coli asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.1) has been modified by succinylation, acetylation and the attachment of N,N-dimethyl-1,3 propanediamine and glucuronic acid. The effect of these modifications on plasma clearance rates in mice and on other properties is compared to the effects of modification with lactose and N-acetylneuraminyl lactose studied previously. The t 1/2 values for the acylated enzyme samples (lower pI) were reduced, succinylated asparaginase sharply and the acetylated enzyme less so. The N,N dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine-modified samples (increased pI) also had lower t 1/2 values, but samples modified with glucuronic acid (reduced pI) showed little change in clearance time. The main conclusion is that the increased t 1/2 value found in the previous work for N-acetylneuraminyl-lactosylated enzyme is not due to the decreased pI value of the modified enzyme, but must be attributed to interference by N-acetylneuraminyl-lactose residues, directly or indirectly, with the mechanism normally used by the mouse to clear itself of injected E. coli asparaginase. PMID- 7049250 TI - Purification and properties of a phospholipid acyl hydrolase from plasma membranes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The properties of a phospholipid acyl hydrolase bound to yeast plasma membranes are described in detail. The enzyme is capable of splitting all phospholipids which can be extracted from yeast cells. The specific activity with lysophosphatidylcholine as substrate was much higher than with phosphatidylcholine. With dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine as substrate a broad pH optimum was measured between pH 3.0 and 4.5. The membrane-bound enzyme was activated strongly by the anionic detergents SDS, deoxycholate and, to a lesser extent, by cholate. The uncharged detergent Triton X-100 and the zwitterionic detergent SB12 exerted an only slightly activating effect. KCl, NaCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2 were inhibitory in the presence of glycine/acetic acid buffer at pH 4.0. THe enzyme was solubilized by cholate or by SB12 in an active form from the plasma membrane and purified by acetone and (NH4)2SO4 precipitation or gel filtration with Sephadex G-200. THe phospholipid acyl hydrolase was identified as a glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 145,000 by SDS slab gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7049251 TI - Production of chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydrogenase by a strain of Escherichia coli carrying a multicopy, tyrA plasmid. Isolation and properties of the enzyme. AB - A multicopy plasmid that contains the tyrosine operon has been used to transform strains of Escherichia coli K-12. The resultant strains yielded levels of chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydrogenase that were up to 5000-fold higher than that given by the parent strain and about 6-fold higher than that given by a tyrR strain. The production of enzyme fell when tetracycline was omitted from the growth medium because of the loss of the plasmid. The bifunctional enzyme was isolated in good yield by a simple purification procedure and shown to possess properties identical to those exhibited by the enzyme from a tyrR strain. PMID- 7049252 TI - Parallel increases in rates of fatty acid synthesis and in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in isolated rat hepatocytes incubated with insulin. AB - The effect of insulin on the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase is studied in isolated hepatocytes from fed rats. Insulin increases the 'initial' activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase by 30% without modifying the total activity of the enzyme. The maximal increase is reached 3 min after addition of the hormone and is dose dependent. Insulin also increases the rate of fatty acid synthesis. PMID- 7049253 TI - Compartmentation of cytosolic dehydrogenases studied by transfer of tritium from labelled substrates into lactate in rat hepatocytes. AB - This paper describes the transfer of tritium from [2-(3)H]xylitol or (1R)-[1 (3)H]ethanol into lactate in cells from fed rats either untreated or triiodothyronine-treated. The labelling pattern of lactate during the metabolism of [2-(3)H]xylitol or (1R)-[1-(3)H]ethanol follows the equation L = K(1 - e t/tau) (mumol tritium/mumol lactate). The yield in lactate together with the minimum value of the total flux of reducing equivalents are used to estimate the specific radioactivity of NADH. We have calculated the lactate dehydrogenase catalysed oxidation rate of NADH from the experimental values of lactate labelling and the specific radioactivity of NADH. We found the calculated flux of reducing equivalents from NADH to pyruvate to be of the same order of magnitude whether labelled ethanol or labelled xylitol was metabolized. We found the flux to be only a few percent of the maximal activity of lactate dehydrogenase. The results obtained suggest that the cytoplasm can be regarded as one compartment, containing a single pool of NAD(H). PMID- 7049254 TI - Formation of a catalytically active complex between tRNAAsp and aspartyl-tRNA synthetase from yeast in high concentrations of ammonium sulphate. AB - The interactions of yeast tRNAAsp with cognate aspartyl-tRNA synthetase have been studied in high concentrations of either sodium chloride or ammonium sulphate by fluorescence titration and small-angle neutron scattering. In solutions containing more than 1M NaCl no complex is formed and enzymatic activity is abolished. In strong contrast, however, the physical measurements showed the formation of a two-to-one tRNA-enzyme complex, with high affinity, in 1.6 M (NH4)2SO4. Aminoacylation assays under the same salt conditions showed the enzymatic fixation of aspartic acid to tRNAAsp to occur at an appreciable rate. The present study emphasizes that the effects of salts on protein-nucleic acid interactions do not depend only on ionic strength but also on the nature of the salt. This study has allowed a rational approach to the crystallisation of a functional tRNAAsp-aspartyl-tRNA synthetase complex (Giege, Lorber, Ebel, Thierry and Moras (1980) C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, serie D, 291, 393-396). PMID- 7049255 TI - The histidines of the bacterial ribosome: a tritium exchange study. AB - The accessibility of histidines in the E. coli 30S subunits was assessed by exchange of C-2 histidine protons with tritiated water at 37 degrees C. The absence of exchange at acidic pH allowed the separation and identification of individual proteins without loss of histidine labelling. Only the two ribosomal proteins S5 and S6 exhibited significant exchange. No gross change of accessibility was detected in the 70S ribosome couples. PMID- 7049256 TI - [Electro-osteo stimulation, Part 1. Historical development and stimulation hypotheses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049257 TI - Tube LAI assay in diagnosis and monitoring of a cancer disease. AB - The tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay was used to follow the specific antitumor immunity in patients with tumors of the urogenital tract, carcinomas of the larynx, melanomas and lung tumors. Positive reactivity was observed in more than 80% of the patients with tumor, whereas less than 5% of the controls were positive. The results show that the tube LAI assay holds promise for diagnosing and monitoring cancer diseases. PMID- 7049258 TI - Direct high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance studies of cation transport in vivo, Na+ transport in yeast cells. AB - A new nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method for monitoring transmembrane metal cation transport is reported. It is illustrated with a study of Na(+) efflux from Na(+)-rich yeast cells. The technique involves the use of an anionic paramagnetic shift reagent, present only outside the cells, to induce a splitting of the sodium-23 NMR peak, in this case, into components representing intra- and extracellular Na(+). The time course of the efflux is in good agreement with the literature and can be well fitted with a double exponential decay expression. Splitting of the lithium-7 NMR signal from a suspension of Li(+)-rich respiratory deficient, petite yeasts is also reported. PMID- 7049259 TI - Cross-correlation laser scattering. AB - Cross-correlation between two detectors was applied to analyze laser light scattering fluctuations. Laser scattering from random concentration fluctuations is spatially coherent over small angular areas that are inversely proportional in size to the dimension of the scattering volume. By cross-correlating scattering intensity fluctuations in different angles, the correlation due to relaxation of concentration fluctuations is practically eliminated, and correlations reflecting changes in the scattering from the individual particles can be enhanced. Rotational diffusion of assymetric particles, conformational relaxation of random coils, and association-dissociation dynamics are determined here using the above approach. PMID- 7049260 TI - Recombination dynamics in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers. AB - The time dependence of magnetic field effects on light absorption by triplet state and radical ions in quinone-depleted reaction centers of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain R-26 has been investigated. Measurements on the time scale of the hyperfine interaction in the radical pair [(BChl)2+. ...BPh-.)] provided kinetic data characterizing the recombination process. The results have been interpreted in terms of a recently proposed model that assumes an intermediate electron acceptor (close site) between the bacteriochlorophyll "special pair" (BChl)2 and the bacteriopheophytin BPh (distant site). Recombination is assumed to proceed through this intermediate acceptor. The experiments led to effective recombination rates for the singlet and triplet channel: k(Seff) = 3.9 . 107 s-1 and k(Teff) = 7.4 . 10(8) s-1. These correspond to recombination rates ks = 1 . 10(1) s-1 and kT = 7.1 . 10(11) s-1 in the close configuration. The upper bound of the effective spin dephasing rate k2eff approximately equal to 1 . 10(9) s-1 is identical with the rate of the electron hopping between the distant site of zero spin exchange interaction and the close site of large interaction. Interpretation of data for the case of direct recombination yields the recombination rates, spin dephasing rate, and exchange interaction in a straightforward way. PMID- 7049261 TI - D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli: isolation by affinity chromatography and sequence comparison to other dehydrogenases. PMID- 7049262 TI - The postnatal development of the visual cortex and the influence of environment. PMID- 7049263 TI - Ribosomal protein S1 is the product of a series of contiguous duplications. PMID- 7049264 TI - Does more than one mitochondrially synthesized protein in yeast have larger precursors? AB - Yeast cells undergoing derepression (the phase of mitochondriogenesis) were exposed to [14C]formate in the presence of cycloheximide, the cytosolic protein synthesis inhibitor, and of 1,10-phenanthroline, a metallo-protease inhibitor. Extensive labelling was obtained under such conditions. Incubation of these labelled products with mitochondrial lysates released small peptides (mol. wt. 500-1000). These results indicate that mitochondria probably synthesize some of the proteins in the precursor form and they are processed by a specific matrix located protease before proper integration. PMID- 7049265 TI - Fundamental and applied studies of mechanical properties of cardiovascular tissues. PMID- 7049266 TI - Prognostic significance of terminal transferase and adenosine deaminase in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - We have analyzed the distribution and prognostic significance of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in connection with conventional cytology, cytogenetics, response to therapy, and survival. The study population consisted of 78 patients with AML, 44 patients with Ph1 + CML in chronic phase, and 35 adult patients with Ph1 + CML in blastic phase, among which 5 cases presented as Ph1 + acute leukemia. Nine percent of the AML cases were positive for TdT and were characterized by a high percentage of blast cells in bone marrow, myeloid features by cytochemistry and absence of the Philadelphia chromosome. The median ADA values of the TdT+ AML cases were several times higher than those obtained for the TdT- cases. The survival calculated for the two groups of AML cases subdivided according to ADA levels was significantly longer (p less than 0.025) for the patients with low levels of ADA (less than 250 U/10(8) cells). In chronic phase of CML, TdT was absent and ADA values were increased over normal controls only in cases with early signs of transformation. In blastic phase, 31% of the 35 cases were positive for TdT, and ADA values were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in TdT+ than TdT- cases. The survival calculated from the onset of transformation was significantly longer for the TdT+ acute phase (10.4 mo) compared to the TdT- patients (4.8 mo; p less than 0.025). Four cases presenting as Ph1 + acute leukemia were TdT+ and had elevated levels of ADA; 3 of them responded to ALL therapy, reverting to a stable phase of CML. PMID- 7049267 TI - Immunoglobulin production and secretion in Bence Jones protein myeloma and "nonsecretory" myeloma. Ultrastructural and immunofluorescence study. AB - Using our electron microscopic method for polysome analysis and an immunofluorescent technique we studied Ig production and secretion by tumor cells in seven BJP myeloma patients and seven "nonsecretory" myeloma patients. In BJP myeloma Ig production and secretion is of three types: Type 1, only L-chains are synthesized and secreted; Type 2, the myeloma cells show fluorescence for H chains, but upon polysome analysis there is no peak at polysomes corresponding H chain production; Type 3, the myeloma cells show fluorescence for H-chains, and polysome analysis shows two peaks corresponding to L- and H-chain production. Polysome analysis of "nonsecretory myelomas show the presence of only very few membrane-bound polysomes and their distribution curves are entirely different from those of "ordinary" myeloma. Furthermore, the distribution patterns vary among seven cases. Results obtained by polysome analysis and immunofluorescent technique suggest that the "nonsecretory" myeloma could be divided into several subtypes. PMID- 7049268 TI - Haemopoietic progenitor cells in peripheral blood. PMID- 7049269 TI - Isolation of Nocardia asteroides from cattle with mastitis in the Sudan. PMID- 7049270 TI - Mutagenicity of trans-anethole, estragole, eugenol, and safrole in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium assay. PMID- 7049271 TI - Stephen Johnson Lewis and his contributions to American dentistry. PMID- 7049272 TI - C. Edmund Kells: New Orleans' gift to dentistry. PMID- 7049273 TI - The history of hypnosis in dentistry. PMID- 7049274 TI - Oddments in dental history: mixed medicines for cure of the toothache and whatever else ails you. Treatment in Turkey of 1861. PMID- 7049275 TI - John HUnter and his practical treatise on diseases of the teeth. PMID- 7049276 TI - A new look at John Greenwood's denture for George Washington. PMID- 7049277 TI - Abraham Flexner's philanthropy: the full-time system in the Department of Surgery at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 1910-1930. PMID- 7049278 TI - Spatial and temporal distribution of plague in a region of Switzerland in the years 1628 and 1629. PMID- 7049279 TI - Roman surgical instruments in the Johns Hopkins University Institute of the History of Medicine. PMID- 7049280 TI - Mormon "physiology," 1850-1875. PMID- 7049281 TI - Naval medicine in the age of sail: the voyage of the New York, 1802-1803. PMID- 7049282 TI - Chlorosis--etiology reconsidered. PMID- 7049283 TI - Comparison of models of insulin release. PMID- 7049284 TI - [List of members of the Societe francaise d'Ophtalmologie. 1981]. PMID- 7049285 TI - [Immuno-histologic studies of parasitic uveitis]. PMID- 7049286 TI - The biology of aging and the immune system. PMID- 7049287 TI - Effect of dipyridamole on the formation of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha by the rat isolated aorta and ram seminal vesicle microsomes. AB - 1 Dipyridamole (1 and 10 muM) enhanced the production of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha by rat aortic tissue. 2 Dipyridamole (5 to 40 muM) did not influence the PGI2-synthetase activity in ram seminal vesicle microsomes whereas, in concentrations ranging from 100 to 200 muM, it reduced the metabolism of exogenously added arachidonic acid. The latter effect may be due to an inhibition of the cyclooxygenase. PMID- 7049288 TI - Blood flow, histamine content and histidine decarboxylase activity in rat skin grafts and their modification by cyclosporin-A. AB - 1 An attempt has been made to monitor simultaneously the changes in blood flow, histamine content, histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity and mast cell population in rat skin isografts and allografts. 2 The histamine content in rat skin allografts during rejection was decreased in contrast with our earlier observation in rabbits. 3 Although no definite correlation has been found between blood flow changes, histamine content or HDC activity, a reciprocal relationship appeared to exist between histamine content and HDC activity in the skin grafts, which might be a reflection of the immunosuppressive activity of this amine. 4 The immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin-A (20 mg/kg daily) was able to prolong skin allograft survival and prevent the changes in histamine and HDC activity in allografts. 5 Possible implications of these findings are discussed in relation to current knowledge concerning the interactions between endothelial cells, lymphocytes and mast cells/basophils in graft rejection. PMID- 7049289 TI - Pharmacological responses of human and porcine lung parenchyma, bronchus and pulmonary artery. AB - 1 Responses of preparations of human and porcine isolated bronchus and pulmonary artery to carbachol (CCh), methacholine, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), ( )-noradrenaline (NA), (-)adrenaline (Adr) and (+/-)-isoprenaline (Iso) were compared with responses to the same agonists in isolated lung parenchyma strips. 2 All preparations from both human and porcine lung contracted in response to histamine and all, except preparations of porcine pulmonary artery, contracted in response to CCh. Human and porcine pulmonary artery and parenchyma strip contracted in response to NA while bronchial preparations invariably relaxed. Iso caused relaxation of human and porcine bronchus and parenchyma strip. Although 5 HT was completely inactive in tissues isolated from pig lung, this amine was a powerful spasmogen in human pulmonary artery, relaxed human bronchus and caused variable responses in human parenchyma. 3 Results indicate that the pharmacological characteristics of human and porcine parenchyma strips may be explained in terms of responses of vascular or airways smooth muscle. PMID- 7049290 TI - Fluctuations of free choline levels in plasma of Alzheimer patients receiving lecithin: preliminary observations. AB - Plasmas of 12 patients currently taking part in a double-blind trial of lecithin in senile or presenile dementia of Alzheimer type were analysed for plasma choline levels at fixed intervals during lecithin treatment. The values were not maintained at a constant level and showed a decline after one or two months of treatment, often followed by a subsequent rise. Possible explanations for this observation are given, and its significance to the treatment of dementia discussed. PMID- 7049291 TI - Anti-cholinergic drugs and memory: the effects of benzhexol on memory in a group of geriatric patients. AB - A double blind trial on the effects of 2 mg of benzhexol on memory was performed on thirteen elderly subjects without cognitive impairment. The tests given 90 minutes after the drug or placebo involved learning a list of ten words, a paired associate learning task, learning a short story and a test of digit span. Subjects were asked to recall the word list one minute after an interfering task, and 6 items from the story directly. Digit span involved immediate recall and the paired learning was measured by the number of trials necessary to learn. All tests were significantly impaired by the benzhexol except for digit span. This suggests that muscarinic blocking drugs should be avoided in the elderly, as they mimic the memory deficits found in senile dementia of Alzheimer type. PMID- 7049292 TI - Phenelzine and amitriptyline: effects on symptoms of neurotic depression. AB - A double-blind controlled trial of phenelzine, amitriptyline and placebo was carried out in out-patients suffering from depression or mixed anxiety and depression. After six weeks treatment both active drugs were clearly superior to placebo and of similar efficacy; therapeutic effects started to appear at two weeks. Comparisons on symptom ratings showed that both drugs acted as true antidepressants, producing their greatest effects on ratings of depressive mood and thought content. There were additional weak differences, phenelzine producing more improvement on anxiety ratings, while amitriptyline gave greater effects on depressive impairment of work and interests and anergia. Analyses showed little evidence of clinical subgroups responding preferentially to either drug. The findings indicate that MAO inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants have more closely similar clinical effects than has been thought and that either may be a useful treatment for these patients who are often considered to respond poorly to antidepressant drug treatment. PMID- 7049293 TI - Does tryptophan potentiate clomipramine in the treatment of agoraphobic and social phobic patients? AB - A 10 week double blind study of 24 agoraphobics and 16 social phobics all on clomipramine compared the effect of adding tryptophan or placebo. Tryptophan did not potentiate the beneficial effect of clomipramine on phobic avoidance, phobic fears or the incidence of panic attacks. Neither was the presence of depression a factor of outcome. PMID- 7049294 TI - The search for genetic linkage in schizophrenia. PMID- 7049295 TI - British phenomenological and psychopathological concepts: a comparative review. PMID- 7049296 TI - Community psychiatric nursing for neurotic patients: a controlled trial. AB - Seventy-one neurotic patients requiring follow-up were randomly assigned to routine psychiatric out-patient care or to supportive home visiting from community psychiatric nurses as their main treatment agents and were assessed every six months for 18 months. No differences were found between effectiveness of the two modes of service on symptoms, social adjustment or family burden. Patients seeing community psychiatric nurses reported greater satisfaction with treatment. Community psychiatric nursing resulted in a marked reduction in out patient contacts with psychiatrists and other staff, more discharges, and a small increase in general practitioner contact for prescribing. Care of such patients by community psychiatric nurses is a valuable alternative mode of deployment within the psychiatric team. PMID- 7049297 TI - Family transmission of schizophrenia: a review and synthesis. AB - The more recent large scale family investigations of schizophrenia are reviewed, particularly studies in which the authors have compared the rates in relatives of index cases with those of the general population. The risk of psychotic illness is increased four-fold in first-degree relatives and two-and-a-half-fold in second-degree relatives over that of the population at large. The possible genetic mechanisms are evaluated, with the conclusion that modified dominant transmission, based on a single major gene, is a plausible system. PMID- 7049298 TI - A co-operative study on the clinical value of dynamic renal scanning with deconvolution analysis. AB - An international project was set up to study the clinical usefulness of intrarenal transit times derived from the renogram by deconvolution. A common data sheet, to collect clinical, biochemical, radiological and isotopic information, was completed by the centres. Five hundred and ninety-one patients were studied and the results analysed. The mean transit time (MTT) in normal kidneys was found to be 3.6 +/- 1.1 min. If the MTT is greater than 7.6 min, a kidney is likely to be obstructed. In vesico-ureteric reflux, the transit times are prolonged, but they are normal in infection, hypertension, parenchymal disease and minimally irradiated kidneys. In transplantation, when the kidney is normal, the transit times are shorter than in the natural kidney; in acute rejection, transit time are prolonged. PMID- 7049299 TI - Osteonecrosis of metacarpal and metatarsal heads following renal transplantation. PMID- 7049300 TI - MRC randomized studied of misonidazole in combination with radiotherapy. PMID- 7049301 TI - Urinary incontinence in old age. A controlled clinical trial of emepronium bromide. AB - The effect of the anticholinergic agent, emepronium bromide (Cetiprin), was studied in a double blind crossover study of a group of elderly patients with urinary incontinence and uninhibited bladder contractions during cystometry. There was no statistically significant difference between the subjective effect of emepronium bromide and that of placebo, and no change in the cystometric parameters. The overall subjective cure or improvement rate was 79%. The effect of anticholinergic drugs in the treatment of urinary incontinence in elderly patients with uninhibited bladder contractions might to some extent be due to an improvement in the patients' understanding and acceptance of the bladder disorders. PMID- 7049302 TI - The use of desmopressin (DDAVP) in nocturnal urinary frequency in the female. AB - Twenty-five patients complaining of nocturia completed a double-blind cross-over trial using desmopressin (DDAVP) and placebo. All had failed to respond to treatment with antispasmodic agents and evening fluid restriction. The drugs were given as a single intranasal dose on retiring. Nocturnal urinary frequency was reduced from a mean of 3.2 episodes to 2.6 with placebo and 1.9 with DDAVP (0.01 greater than P greater than 0.001). Diurnal urinary symptoms were not significantly affected and side effects were minimal. This drug seems to have a place in the treatment of nocturia, where more conventional therapies have failed. PMID- 7049303 TI - The lack of effect of intramuscular emepronium bromide for urinary incontinence. AB - Six elderly volunteers (4 men and 2 women), suffering from urinary incontinence due to small capacity, hyper-reflexic bladders, were assessed cystometrically 1/2 h, 1 h and 4 h after an intramuscular injection of emepronium bromide (Cetiprin). The dose given was sufficient to raise serum levels of emepronium to approximately 10 times those that could be reached with an oral dose. Analysis of the results showed that there was no significant difference in the state of the bladder at any time. The study confirms that emepronium bromide is ineffective in increasing bladder capacity in subjects with small, hyper-reflexic bladders. It has no value, therefore, in the management of urinary incontinence in elderly patients with this condition. PMID- 7049304 TI - Combined intravesical therapy with doxorubicin (adriamycin) and urokinase in the management of superficial bladder tumours. PMID- 7049305 TI - 5-fluorouracil cream 5% in the treatment of intraurethral condylomata acuminata. PMID- 7049306 TI - Control of malignant ascites with spironolactone. AB - Thirteen of 15 patients with malignant ascites achieved an excellent response to spironolactone, with an increase in urinary sodium excretion rates from less than 35 mEq/d before treatment to between 50 and 245 mEq/d after treatment. Plasma renin activity was raised in all of 5 patients in whom it was measured, whereas aldosterone was raised in only 3; these results are similar to those found in ascites due to cirrhosis. PMID- 7049307 TI - Levamisole and postoperative complications: a controlled clinical trial. AB - We studied the relationship between cell-mediated immunity (assessed by preoperative skin reactions to four recall antigens) and postoperative infective complications in 166 patients undergoing major laparotomies. They were randomly allocated to receive 150 mg of levamisole or placebo on the day of operation and for the following 2 days; their course was followed for at least 1 month. Neither the degree of preoperative anergy nor the administration of levamisole resulted in any significant differences in numbers of postoperative deaths or infective complications, but the levamisole group had significantly less postoperative pyrexia than the control group. PMID- 7049308 TI - Preoperative intraparietal (intra-incisional) cefoxitin in abdominal surgery. AB - The effect of preoperative intraparietal (intra-incisional) injection of cefoxitin along the site of the intended incision on the incidence of wound infection has been investigated by a randomized prospective study of 181 consecutive patients undergoing abdominal surgery. A significant reduction in wound infection was evident in the cefoxitin-treated group (4.4 per cent) when compared with controls (16.7 per cent) (chi 2 = 6; P = 0.02). Administration of antibiotic by this route did not delay wound healing or produce any undesirable sequelae. PMID- 7049309 TI - Safe removal of failed transplanted kidneys. AB - The surgical removal of a transplanted kidney following rejection or failure can be hazardous. A total of 110 grafts were removed consecutively in 84 patients (in 21 cases a second graft and in 5 cases a third graft was removed). Two surgical techniques were applied: extracapsular and intracapsular removal. The extracapsular technique was associated with complications in 11 out of 69 cases (16 per cent) and the intracapsular technique, in 3 out of 36 cases (8 per cent). In 5 cases the operative technique could not be determined from the records. In the 14 cases developing complications, wound infection was observed in 7 cases, wound haematoma in 4 and mycotic aneurysm, pulmonary embolism and clotting in the bladder each in 1 case. One patient (1.2 per cent) died due to late complications after allograft nephrectomy following rupture of a mycotic aortic aneurysm. The technique of kidney transplant removal by either the intra- or extra-capsular route of the exact timing of the operation are important features for safe treatment of patients with end-stage graft failure. PMID- 7049310 TI - Experiences with cadaver renal allograft contamination before transplantation. AB - Microbial contamination occurred in 23 (13 per cent) of 177 cadaver donor kidneys prior to renal transplantation. In 16 cases there were no complications directly attributable to the organisms recovered from the preservation media. Three patients developed perinephric infections associated with renal artery anastomotic disruption and required emergency transplant nephrectomy. A fourth patient developed renal artery stenosis and a hypogastric artery aneurysm that required correction 6 months later with preservation of renal allograft function. In 3 cases no follow-up information was available. None of the 154 uncontaminated kidneys developed arterial disruption or aneurysm. Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections were responsible for the nearly disastrous arterial disruptions and possibly the hypogastric arterial aneurysm. These findings demonstrate the importance of bacteriological surveillance of perfusion media to detect nosocomial infection, to guide antibiotic chemotherapy and to direct surgical management of septic complications. In our experience contamination was not necessarily incompatible with long term satisfactory results; however, when complications did occur they were serious. It is likely that the size of the microbial inoculum, the patient's immune competence and the protective effect of antibiotic therapy administered to the donor and recipient affected the eventual outcome. PMID- 7049312 TI - A trial of preoperative radiotherapy in the management of operable rectal cancer. PMID- 7049311 TI - The management of the perforated appendix: a controlled clinical trial. PMID- 7049313 TI - Rubber band ligation versus haemorrhoidectomy for prolapsing haemorrhoids: a long term prospective clinical trial. PMID- 7049314 TI - Bacteriological implications in the pathogenesis of secondary aortoenteric fistulas. PMID- 7049315 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the attachment of Treponema pallidum to nerve cells in vitro. AB - Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) was incubated with cultured nerve cells derived from rat embryos. Primary cultures were established from dorsal root ganglia, superior cervical ganglia, and spinal cord. Using phase contrast microscopy treponemes were seen to interact with the nerve cells in a similar manner to other cultured mammalian cells. Organisms began to attach within minutes after inoculation, actively motile organisms attached at the tip of one end, higher numbers of organisms attached with continued incubation, and attached organisms survived longer than unattached organisms. T pallidum attached both to nerve cell bodies and to neuronal processes of each of the three nerve cell cultures. As shown by scanning electron microscopy the mechanism of attachment was identical to that of cultured cells derived from rabbits testis, rat skeletal muscle, and human cervical carcinoma. There was no indentation or swelling of the cultured cell surface at the point of attachment, just a close physical proximity of organisms and cells. These techniques provide a biological means of studying the in-vitro detrimental influences of micro-organisms on nerve tissue. PMID- 7049316 TI - Electrophysiological dysfunction and cellular disruption of sensory neurones during incubation with Treponema pallidum. AB - Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) was incubated with cultured nerve cells derived from dorsal root ganglia of rat embryos. The electrophysiological response of these neuronal cells was then investigated. Cells exposed to 2 X 10(8) treponemes/ml responded abnormally after 13 hours and failed to respond after 18 hours. In contrast, control preparations exposed to heat-inactivated treponemes or to culture medium responded normally after 72 hours. Extended incubation with viable treponemes resulted in various degrees of nerve cell disruption as shown by scanning electron microscopy. With some cells holes in the cytoplasmic membrane were detected; with others a coagulated matrix of apparent nuclear material and remnants of cytoskeletal elements indicated more severe destruction. These findings may explain the painless nature of many of the clinical manifestations of syphilis as well as the severe damage to central nervous system tissue in tertiary and congenital syphilis. PMID- 7049317 TI - Provision of a chlamydial culture service to a sexually transmitted diseases clinic. AB - Urethral specimens from 215 men were inoculated on to McCoy cell cultures, both at the local laboratory and at a central reference laboratory, Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 58 (28%) patients; 12 of these isolates were, however, obtained only at the local laboratory. The results show the feasibility and convenience of a central laboratory supplying a peripheral laboratory with uninoculated prepared cell cultures. Such a service is not only more cost effective but obviates the problems of transporting specimens to a central laboratory. PMID- 7049318 TI - Morphology and intracellular responses of an identified dorsal raphe projection neuron. AB - Stimulation of ventral medial tegmentum elicits an antidromic action potential and an inhibitory postsynaptic potential in dorsal raphe projection neurons. The inhibitory postsynaptic potential is not wholly due to activation of recurrent inhibitory circuits as it is not monosynaptic and its onset precedes the antidromic action potential. Light microscopic examination of horseradish peroxidase-filled projection neurons reveals a neuron type with radiating, poorly branched dendrites and terminal dendritic thickets. The axon of the exemplary neuron presented is seen to leave the nucleus but gives off a single collateral while still within the parent cell's dendritic domain. PMID- 7049319 TI - Immunocytochemical demonstration of serotonergic cells, terminals and axons in the spinal cord of the stingray, Dasyatis sabina. AB - Serotonin-like immunoreactivity, as demonstrated by the PAP method, was contained within cells as well as fibers and terminals, in the spinal cord of the stingray. Serotonergic spinal neurons were seen on 43% of the sections examined and were restricted to the ventral white matter. Immunoreactive terminals and varicosities were densely distributed over the spinal gray matter at all segmental levels, and stained fibers were seen in all portions of the white matter with the exception of the medial anterior and dorsal funiculi. PMID- 7049320 TI - Amygdalar vocalization pathways in the squirrel monkey. AB - In 22 squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) vocalization-eliciting electrodes were implanted into the amygdala and along the trajectory of the stria terminalis. Then, lesions were placed in the stria terminalis, its bed nucleus, the ventral amygdalofugal pathway and several di- and mesencephalic structures in order to find out the pathways along which the amygdala exerts its vocalization controlling influence. It was found that different call types are controlled by different pathways. Purring and chattering calls, which express a self-confident, challenging attitude and an attempt to recruit fellow-combatants in intra specific mobbing, respectively, are controlled via the stria terminalis; alarm peep and groaning calls, in contrast, which indicate flight motivation and resentment, respectively, are triggered via the ventral amygdalofugal fibre bundle. Both pathways traverse the dorsolateral and dorsomedial hypothalamus, respectively, and unite in the periaqueductal grey of the midbrain. PMID- 7049321 TI - Bilateral asymmetrical changes in the nigral release of [3H]GABA induced by unilateral application of acetylcholine in the cat caudate nucleus. AB - In halothane anaesthetized cats, a push-pull cannula was implanted into the right caudate nucleus (CN) and in each substantia nigra (SN). The release of [3H]GABA continuously formed from [3H]glutamine was estimated in each structure. Acetylcholine (ACh, 5 x 10(-5) M) added in presence of eserine (5 x 10(-5) M) for 50 min in the right caudate nucleus 2 h after the onset of superfusion with [3H]glutamine, stimulated the [3H]GABA release locally. The effect was biphasic when ACh application was made in the median two-thirds of the structure and it was monophasic and transient when the ACh application was restricted to the lateral part. ACh application in the right caudate nucleus also induced changes in [3H]GABA released in the anterior (pars reticulata) and posterior (pars compacta) parts of both SN. While [3H]GABA release was enhanced in the ipsilateral anterior SN, it was reduced in the contralateral anterior SN. Respective opposite effects were observed in the posterior parts of the ipsi- and contralateral SN. These bilateral asymmetrical changes in [3H]GABA release were not dependent on the site of ACh application in the right caudate nucleus. These results indicate that the facilitation of cholinergic transmission in one caudate nucleus influences in an opposite way the striato-nigral GABA neurones on both sides of the brain. PMID- 7049322 TI - Mode of activation of thalamic neurons by stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial nuclei in the cat. AB - In thalamic neurons of Nembutal-anesthetized cats, stimulation of the fastigial nucleus facilitated the antidromic invasion of cortically-evoked spikes over a considerable period and induced a spike train with a wide variability of latencies. Intracellular recordings suggested that excitatory inputs through polysynaptic routes should underlie these effects of fastigial stimulation on thalamic neurons. PMID- 7049323 TI - Vasopressin fiber pathways in the rat brain following suprachiasmatic nucleus lesioning. AB - The contribution of the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the vasopressinergic innervation of the rat brain was determined by following the changes in the immunocytochemical localization of vasopressin-containing fibers at various intervals between 2 days and 12 weeks after bilateral lesioning of this nucleus. The disappearance of the vasopressinergic fibers makes it plausible that vasopressin-containing pathways run from the suprachiasmatic nucleus towards the periventricular nucleus, the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis. Since after lesioning the vasopressinergic fibers remained unaltered in the lateral septum, the lateral habenular nucleus, the nucleus of the amygdala, the diagonal band of Broca, the nucleus of the solitary tract, the interpeduncular nucleus and the dorsal raphe nucleus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus sends no or only minor projections to these areas. In contrast to the literature, these findings indicate that the paraventricular nucleus and possibly the supraoptic nucleus form the major source for vasopressinergic pathways in the brain. PMID- 7049324 TI - Astrocyte cultures from adult rat brain. Derivation, characterization and neurotrophic properties of pure astroglial cells from corpus callosum. AB - It has not as yet been routinely possible to derive primary cultures of glial cells from adult rat brain tissue even when adopting strategies that have proven successful with perinatal tissue. We now report that in response to a surgical lesion and a period of postoperative 'priming' in vivo, proliferating cultures of astroglial cells can be derived from the normally quiescent glia of the corpus callosum region of the adult rat brain. In such cultures the predominance of astroglia and the virtual absence of oligodendroglia and neurons has been established by the use of a variety of cell-type specific antisera. Fibroblasts, the only other cell type identified, when not numerous could be successfully eliminated by treatment of the cultures with anti-Thy-1 antibodies and guinea pig complement. Pure astroglial cells from adult brain have been sub-cultured and maintained for up to 4 months in vitro, providing suitable quantities of cells for studies on the trophic interaction between glia and neurons. In long-term culture the adult astrocytes maintain a flattened undifferentiated morphology but readily assume a stellate shape with long branching processes upon the addition of a crude homogenate from bovine pituitary. PMID- 7049325 TI - Hyperglycemic ischemia of rat brain: the effect of post-ischemic insulin on metabolic rate. AB - To identify the mechanism by which hyperglycemia impairs recovery after cerebral ischemia, cortical blood flow (CBF), cortical metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2), and the cortical phosphorylation rate for glucose (CPRg1c) were measured in rats 1 h after a global ischemic insult of the brain. A control group remained hyperglycemic after ischemia. The experimental group received insulin which reduced plasma glucose during the period of recirculation after ischemia. Thus, the brains of both groups were hyperglycemic before and during ischemia. The CMRO2 after ischemia was higher in insulin-treated rats than in hyperglycemic rats (250 vs 168 mumol . 100 g-1 . min-1) while the CPRg1c was lower (22 vs 58 mumol . 100 g-1 . min-1). We conclude that glucose-induced inhibition of oxygen consumption in brain contributes to the impaired recovery after ischemia. PMID- 7049326 TI - Immunological identification of cerebellar cell lines. AB - Spleen cells from BALB/c mice, previously immunized with rat cerebellar tissue, were fused to the mouse myeloma cell line SP2/0-Ag14 and the cerebellar cell type specificity of the resultant hybridomas determined. In this report we describe the specificity of one hybridoma, C4/12. Monoclonal antibodies secreted by this hybridoma recognize granule cell neurons in adult cerebellar frozen sections, and in primary cultures started from 3 to 5-day-old newborn rats. In addition, C4/12 recognizes a subclass of astrocytes when screened on primary cultures but not adult cerebellar tissue. Two temperature sensitive Rous sarcoma virus transformed cerebellar cell lines, previously shown to be either neuronal or glial, were screened for the presence of the antigen. Both cell lines are positive at the temperature permissive for transformation, whereas the glial line but not the neuronal line exhibits the antigen at the nonpermissive temperature. These results are discussed in light of the cell lines being representative of precursor cells. PMID- 7049327 TI - Myelin development and nutritional insufficiency. AB - Postnatal undernourishment does not greatly retard the generation of rat brain cells, although there is a slight reduction in total cell numbers and brain size. Possibly the maturation of cells is more severely affected. The ratio of myelinated to non-myelinated fibers is greatly reduced in the corpus callosum and pyramidal tract, and presumably in other areas as well. There is only a slight reduction in the numbers of myelin lamellae for axons of a given size. The recovery of brain myelin and the incorporation of radioactive precursors into purified myelin proteins and lipids are all greatly reduced, leading to a comparatively severe reduction in the brain myelin concentration. The myelin composition is only slightly altered, possibly as a result of delay in its normal chemical maturation. The actual vulnerable period that produces a lasting myelin deficit is the early period that includes oligodendroglia cell proliferation, whereas undernutrition restricted to a later period that includes the actual peak of myelin does not cause a lasting reduction in the brain myelin concentration. The belief that stunting the postnatal proliferation of oligodendroglia largely accounts for the myelin effect has not been substantiated by direct analysis of cell numbers. Consequently, the observed hypomyelination likely results from a failure of oligodendroglia to mature and to initiate myelin formation. The myelin deficit appears largely uniform throughout the brain. Indirect evidence in human studies indicate that comparable effects appear in undernourished infants. PMID- 7049328 TI - Color vision and retinal chromatic information processing in teleost: a review. PMID- 7049329 TI - Polysulfides enjoy quarter century of success. PMID- 7049330 TI - A brief history of anesthesia and surgery of the heart and great vessels. PMID- 7049332 TI - Canadian Anaesthetists' Society Medal. PMID- 7049331 TI - Cancer, chemotherapy and anaesthesia. AB - The main principle in anaesthetic management of cancer patients is caution in dosage because of the possibility of decreased cardiac and respiratory reserve, and possible obscured hepatic and renal impairment. The anaesthetic problems which should be anticipated in cancer patients who are on therapy are discussed and summarised in Table III. An understanding of these problems ensures greater safety during operation and quicker recovery in the postoperative period. PMID- 7049333 TI - Nursing bottle syndrome; prevalence and etiology in a non-fluoridated city. PMID- 7049334 TI - Fluoride varnishes as cariostatic agents: a review. PMID- 7049335 TI - Rat liver ribonucleotide reductase: separation, purification, and properties of two nonidentical subunits. AB - Two nonidentical subunits of mammalian ribonucleotide reductase, L1 and L2, from regenerating rat liver have been extensively purified for the first time. They were separated by dATP-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Subunit L1, which bound to dATP-Sepharose, was eluted with 50 mM ATP and purified to homogeneity (as demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) by molecular exclusion high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). This subunit had an apparent relative mass (Mr) of 45 000 and a Km of 0.9 X 10(-4) for CDP. Subunit L2, which did not bind to dATP-Sepharose, was purified by pH 5.2 precipitation followed by chromatography on CM-Sephadex, molecular exclusion HPLC, and DEAE-cellulose. This subunit contained iron and had an apparent Mr of 120 000 by HPLC molecular exclusion chromatography, but showed two bands (Mr 75 000 and Mr 47 000) on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Neither L1 nor L2 separately had any enzyme activity but when combined they reduced CDP to dCDP. PMID- 7049336 TI - Expression of a cloned bovine growth hormone gene in Escherichia coli minicells. AB - The synthesis of polypeptides in Escherichia coli minicells, directed by a pBR322 plasmid and its derivative-carrying bovine growth hormone cDNA insert, was studied. Two polypeptides coded by the ampicillin-resistance (Apr) gene (32 000 and 28 000 daltons) and a tetracycline-resistance (Tcr) polypeptide (36 000 daltons) were identified by insertion inactivation. Two additional polypeptides of 37 000 and 34 000 daltons of as yet unknown function were detected in all extracts regardless of the presence of the Apr or Tcr genes in the plasmid. The pBR322-BGH recombinant plasmid coded for several novel polypeptides, among them one of 46 000 daltons, presumably a fused product of the BGH and beta-lactamase genes. This protein, however, was not secreted into the periplasmic space of the cells as was the beta-lactamase. PMID- 7049337 TI - Preventing corneal autolysis after a donor's death. PMID- 7049338 TI - Dietary influence on microbial activities in the caecum of mice. PMID- 7049339 TI - Streptonigrin toxicity in Escherichia coli: oxygen dependence and the role of the intracellular oxidation--reduction state. AB - The bacterial physiology of streptonigrin toxicity was further investigated. An optimal oxygen concentration for toxicity was inferred from data showing that streptonigrin at 5 micrograms/mL was rapidly lethal to aerobic cultures of Escherichia coli K12JF361, but was without effect on anaerobic cultures and was bacteriostatic to cultures inhibited in 5 atm of oxygen plus 1 atm of air (5 atm O2 plus air) (1 atm = 101.325 kPa). Escherichia coli were protected from a potentially lethal concentration of streptonigrin during anaerobic incubation, whether previously grown anaerobically, aerobically, or in 5 atm O2 plus air. Superoxide dismutase activity increased with increasing oxygen tension in the medium, but was not significantly changed by a lethal concentration of streptonigrin. Although the superoxide dismutase activity was four times greater in E. coli grown in 5 atm O2 plus air than those grown in air alone, the aerobic survival in 5 micrograms/mL streptonigrin was identical, which suggested that superoxide dismutase was not rate limiting for toxicity. Escherichia coli K12 strains deficient in glutathione (KMBL54-129, AB1157-821, and AB1157-830) were protected from streptonigrin poisoning. Dithiothreotol (5.0 mM), diamide (1 mM), methyl viologen (1 mM), and cyanide (10 mM) protected aerobic E. coli from 5 micrograms/mL streptonigrin. These data are also consistent with a model of in vivo streptonigrin toxicity that requires a favorable intracellular oxidation- reduction state and an optimal concentration of molecular oxygen. PMID- 7049340 TI - Oral lecithin and linoleic acid in Friedreich's ataxia: I. Design of the study, material and methods. AB - A clinical and biochemical evaluation of twenty-two patients with Friedreich's Ataxia and ten normal controls was undertaken in 1980 to assess the effect of lecithin and linoleic acid supplements on the course of the disease. The trial consisted of two consecutive six months periods on either supplements in a double blind crossover fashion. Clinical appraisal was performed with regards to the following parameters: joints mobility, muscle strength, equilibrium, coordination, motor accuracy, speech and numerous day to day activities. Blood samples were obtained at the beginning and in the course of the trial for enzymatic determinations. This paper describes the methodology of the study. PMID- 7049341 TI - Oral lecithin and linoleic acid in Friedreich's ataxia: II. Clinical results. AB - Twenty-two patients with Friedreich's Ataxia and ten normal controls were followed for one year and assessed as to their clinical performance after two successive six-month periods of lecithin or safflower oil. Results demonstrated no significant difference in performance scores according to group assignation, neither in patients nor in controls. According to stages, two patients in stage I and to a lesser degree, one patient in stage IV showed better scores for muscle strength and some motor accuracy and coordination tests with lecithin. Controls as groups maintained positive scores in all tests. Patients as groups showed negative mean values in nine out of eleven tests. Again as groups, patients receiving safflower oil demonstrated a mean 8% less deterioration than patients receiving lecithin. This study demonstrates that objective clinical tests and the participation of normal controls are a must in a therapeutic trial implicating patients with a progressive disorder such as Friedreich's Ataxia. The possible role of linoleic acid as the active factor from which clinical improvement proceeded in some specific patients and with early functional stages of the disease, has to be considered and reevaluated in the near future. PMID- 7049342 TI - The effects of intermittent insulin therapy on the autonomic neuropathy in the streptozotocin diabetic rat. AB - An ultrastructural study of the dorsal sympathetic ganglia, chain, and myenteric plexus is described in the streptozotocin diabetic rat after intermittent insulin treatment. The observations described cover the first two weeks following induction of diabetes in which insulin was administered subcutaneously twice daily. Significant regenerative changes were seen with marked axonal sprouting noted at three days. Degenerative changes were seen to be less severe than those in untreated animals. It is concluded that the improvement in the neuropathic changes with insulin treatment supports a transient primary role of the streptozotocin in causing the neuropathy - but that the subsequent improvement seems to be related to the partial control of the diabetes. PMID- 7049343 TI - Dr. F.N.G. Starr: in memory of the medical statesman. PMID- 7049344 TI - CNS prophylaxis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: comparison of two methods a Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were randomized to one of two treatment options for CNS prophylaxis. All patients received intrathecal therapy over a one-year period with methotrexate, hydrocortisone and cytosine arabinoside. One-half of the patients also received 2400 rad cranial radiation over 2 1/2 weeks. There was no significant difference in CNS relapse rate, length of hematologic remission or survival between the two groups. No further CNS relapses have been observed for the last four years. CNS relapse was associated with subsequent disease recurrence in the 67% of patients. PMID- 7049345 TI - High-dose pulse chlorambucil: effective therapy for rapid remission induction in nodular lymphocytic poorly differentiated lymphoma. AB - Eighteen patients with Stage III or IV nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (malignant lymphoma, infiltrative nodular type, with predominately small cleaved cells) were treated with intermittent high-dose oral chlorambucil (16 mg/m2 daily for five consecutive days each month) for one year. Complete clinical remissions occurred in 78% of these patients and partial remissions in another 17%. Complete remission usually occurred within three months of beginning therapy and with a medial follow-up of 35 months no patient has relapsed. Toxicity, usually hematologic and occurring late in therapy, has been mild, necessitating termination of therapy in only one patient. Review of recent therapy fails to demonstrate a definite long-term advantage of more aggressive treatment regimens. Intermittent high-dose chlorambucil should be further evaluated as therapy for nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. PMID- 7049346 TI - Intermittent high-dose cyclophosphamide with and without prednisolone: a study of the relationships between toxicity, response and survival in metastatic lung cancer. AB - Fifty-seven patients with metastatic lung carcinoma were treated with either high dose cyclophosphamide (Cy) alone or with a combination of high dose Cy and prednisolone (Pred) 100 mg/m2 orally daily for two days. The Cy was given IV on three occasions, at 1.5 g/m2, 2.5 g/m2 and 3.5 g/m2 with three-week intervals between courses. The overall response rate was 57% (18% CR), a median survival of 24 weeks (range, 6--130) for Cy alone, and 24% (3% CR), a median of 14 weeks (range, 1--94) for Cy + Pred. Patients with small cell carcinoma given Cy alone had a 69% response rate (19% CR), a median survival of seven months, and with non small cell pathologic conditions 42% (16% CR), a median survival of 16 weeks. Performance scores and survival were better for responding patients. Addition of Pred did not improve the therapeutic efficacy of high dose Cy or ameliorate toxicity. No marked or unexpected toxicity was observed with the high-dose Cy regimen. The blood counts had returned to normal by three weeks in the great majority of patients. A short course of high-dose Cy was not associated with unacceptable side effects and the therapeutic results obtained were superior to those described for Cy at conventional dosage. High-dose Cy is of value to patients with metastatic lung cancer, and the incorporation of the regimen into chemotherapeutic combinations could be advantageous. PMID- 7049347 TI - Comparison of induction chemotherapies for metastatic breast cancer. An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial. AB - Patients with advanced breast carcinoma and no prior chemotherapy were prospectively evaluated to assess the induction capabilities of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF), Adriamycin and vincristine (AV), and CMF plus prednisone (CMFP). The crossover responsiveness from CMF or CMFP to AV and of AV to CMF were also assessed. A disproportionate randomization led to 166 analyzable cases on AV, 79 on CMF were also assessed. A disproportionate randomization led to 166 analyzable cases on AV, 79 on CMF and 86 on CMFP induction. One hundred and twelve patients were evaluated on crossover. Induction response rates were similar with 56% on AV, 57% on CMF and 63% on CMFP. Crossover response rates ranged from 32% to 41%. CMFP and AV were superior to CMF in terms of response duration (P = 0.05), and CMFP was superior to either in terms of time to treatment failure (P = 0.04), and survival (P = 0.03). Treatment failures occurred in only the on-study organ sites of disease in 73% of the patients and did not appear to be related to the response achieved. CMF was associated with more thrombocytopenia than either AV or CMFP (P = 0.03). AV was associated with fewer infections than CMFP (P = 0.02), less diarrhea than CMFP (P = 0.04), more emesis than CMF (P = 0.02), and more neurologic toxicity than either CMF or CMFP (P less than 0.0001). There was also more emesis with CMF than with CMFP (P = 0.006). CMFP was associated with greater delivery of CMF than was the CMF regimen despite a similar day 1 leukocyte distribution. These results strongly suggest that CMF(P) and AV are clinically noncross-resistant regimens, that AV and CMF are essentially equivalently active induction regimens, and that CMFP is superior to CMF and AV. PMID- 7049348 TI - Direct cloning of human breast cancer in soft agar culture. AB - A human tumor cloning system has been utilized to grow human breast carcinoma. A total of 225 specimens have been placed in culture. One hundred thirty-two were from primary chest cancer specimens and 93 were from metastatic lesions. Of these, 71% of the primary breast carcinomas and 75% of metastases formed greater than or equal to 5 colonies per 500,000 cells plated. Forty-five percent of the primary breast carcinomas and 52% of the metastases formed enough colonies (greater than or equal to 30 colonies per 500,000 cells plated) to perform meaningful in vitro drug testing. Estrogen receptor status did not influence the percentage of tumors which formed colonies in vitro. Histologic and nude mouse studies provided confirmatory evidence the colonies were composed of breast cancer cells. In 176 in vitro chemotherapeutic drug tests, the anticancer agents commonly used clinically for treatment of breast cancer, i.e., Adriamycin, 5 fluorouracil, etc., showed some in vitro activity. This activity was not as dramatic as is seen in the clinic with these conventional agents. Future work should concentrate on improving the number of colonies which form from breast cancer specimens and on prospective use of the system for screening for new agents for the treatment of human breast cancer. PMID- 7049349 TI - Carcinoma of the thyroid with a mixed medullary and follicular pattern: morphologic, immunohistochemical, and clinical laboratory studies. AB - We recently encountered an unusual carcinoma of the thyroid gland with a predominantly medullary pattern admixed with areas of follicular differentiation. Both patterns prevailed at the primary site and in bilateral cervical lymph node metastases. The tumor cells were stained for calcitonin by indirect immunofluorescence technique and were found to contain dense-core granules by electron microscopy. Calcitonin was demonstrated in tumor homogenates by radioimmunoassay and was elevated in the serum. Immunofluorescence staining also revealed thyroglobulin in the neoplastic cells. Moreover, following total thyroidectomy, the cervical node metastases concentrated radioactive iodine (131I), and serum thyroglobulin was increased at one stage of the disease when measured by radioimmunoassay. These findings are discussed in the light of the dual embryonic derivation of the thyroid gland. PMID- 7049350 TI - Reticulum cell sarcomas (large cell lymphomas) presenting in the skin. High frequency of true histiocytic lymphoma. AB - The clinical and histologic data from 12 patients with "reticulum cell sarcoma" (large cell lymphoma) presenting in the skin were reviewed. Moreover, when appropriate material was available additional immunological, cytochemical and ultrastructural techniques were used to define the nature of the neoplastic cells. Eight tumors were found to be of true histiocytic origin (histiocytic sarcoma), three of B-cell origin (two B-immunoblastic lymphomas and one centroblastic or large noncleaved follicle center cell lymphoma) and one case could not be classified. Possible explanations for the discrepancy between the current report and other studies as to the frequency of true histiocytic tumors will be discussed. The differentiation into T-cell, B-cell and true histiocytic lymphomas appears to be important, not only because of different clinical behaviour, but possibly also from a therapeutical point of view. PMID- 7049351 TI - A randomized trial of ascorbic acid in polyposis coli. AB - The possibility of pharmacological control of large bowel adenomas has been suggested by effectiveness of antioxidants in experimental tumor models and by the results of a limited clinical study using ascorbic acid. Over a two year period we tested this hypothesis in a randomized, double-blind study of 49 patients with polyposis coli. Of 36 patients who were evaluable at completion, 19 had received ascorbic acid, 3 g/day, and 17 had received a placebo. We found a reduction in polyp area in the ascorbic acid-treated group at nine months of follow-up (P less than 0.03) and trends toward reduction in both number and area of rectal polyps during the middle of the trial. A labeling study of rectal epithelium with tritiated thymidine also hinted at a treatment effect. Our data suggest that ascorbic acid temporarily influenced polyp growth or turnover. Although these results have no current therapeutic value, our findings support continued studies of chemoprevention in this and other high risk settings. PMID- 7049352 TI - When your patient is a transplant recipient. PMID- 7049353 TI - The nature and mechanisms of chromosome banding. PMID- 7049354 TI - Metabolism and covalent binding to DNA of 7-methylbenzo(a)pyrene. AB - The ultimate carcinogenic form of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) is thought to result from metabolic activation at the 7 to 10 positions. Substitution by a methyl group at these positions would be expected to inhibit strongly their metabolism even though 7-methylbenzo(a)pyrene (7-MeBP) has been reported to be carcinogenic in some tumor models. The metabolism of 7-MeBP was, therefore, studied using both microsomal preparations and whole cells, the products being analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography, fluorescence spectrophotometry, and mass spectrometry. These studies revealed that many of the expected metabolites were formed by microsomes, but in addition 7-MeBP yielded a compound which was isolated and identified as trans-7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxy-7 methylbenzo(a)pyrene. These results indicate that, despite the presence of a methyl group at the 7 position, a substituted BP can undergo the same initial metabolic activation as BP itself. However, in contrast to BP, the 7,8 dihydrodiol formed from 7-MeBP was almost racemic, and neither enantiomer was very active in the Ames bacterial mutagenesis assay when compared with trans-7,8 dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene. The metabolism of 7-MeBP was also studied in 10T1/2 cells. The hydrocarbon was metabolized readily and bound to DNA of the cells to about one-eighth of the level found for BP. However, no 7,8-dihydro-7,8 dihydroxy-7-methylbenzo(a)pyrene could be detected in the culture medium. PMID- 7049355 TI - Heterogeneity of HLA-A,B, Ia-like, and melanoma-associated antigen expression by human melanoma cell lines analyzed with monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. AB - With the use of monoclonal antibodies, indirect immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry, human melanoma cell lines (Colo 38, M-16, and M-21) were examined for the quantitative level of expression of HLA-A,B antigens, Ia-like antigens, and two human melanoma-associated antigens (MAA) referred to as 280K and 94K MAAs. Each of the melanoma cell lines examined showed tremendous heterogeneity with regard to antigen expression. A detailed study of the heterogeneity of the four antigens listed revealed that variation in cell size could, in part, account for the large differences in antigen expression observed. Cell surface density of HLA A,B antigens, Ia-like antigens, and the 280K and 94K MAAs remained relatively constant over a wide range of cell sizes that were examined, with the exception that small melanoma cells showed a slightly lower mean surface density of MAA expression than did large cells. A novel method was used to detect the expression of the two MAAs as a function of the Colo 38 cell cycle using dual-laser beam flow cytometry. The results of these experiments show that both the 280K MAA and the 94K MAA are differentially expressed during various stages of the cell cycle, with each antigen being maximally detected during G2 + M. PMID- 7049356 TI - Microtubule complexes correlated with growth rate and water proton relaxation times in human breast cancer cells. AB - Ten established human breast cancer cell lines display patterns of microtubule organization which are characterized by growth rate of the cell populations and the freedom of mobility of cellular water molecules measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cell lines with population-doubling times of 1 to 2 days demonstrate rapid mobility of water molecules by proton spin-lattice and spin spin relaxation times (T1 greater than 750 msec, T2 greater than 120 msec) and have diffuse patterns of tubulin immunofluorescent antibody staining. Moderately fast dividing cells (population-doubling times of 3 to 7 days) have T1 values of 600 to 750 msec and show approximately 50% organized complexes of polymerized microtubules in the cytoplasm. Slow-growing cell lines demonstrate more restricted mobility of water molecules (T1 values of 500 to 600 msec) and contain abundant networks of polymerized microtubules. The three-way correlation of the physical parameter of water proton relaxation times, the structural parameter of microtubule organization, and the physiological parameter of growth suggest a close interaction of water molecules with the cytoplasmic macromolecular network in the performance of physiological function. PMID- 7049357 TI - Immunohistochemical detection of an estrogen-regulated protein by monoclonal antibodies. AB - It has been shown previously that estradiol regulates the synthesis of a Mr 24,000 cytosol protein in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. This protein is an attractive probe to study the mechanisms of estrogen regulation in human breast cancer. We have produced monoclonal antibodies against the Mr 24,000 protein which show immunocytochemical localization in the cytoplasm of MCF-7 cells grown as solid tumors in nude mice. They do not react with normal mouse tissue or with MDA-MB-231 cells, an estrogen receptor-negative cell line. Moreover, the monoclonal antibodies react against certain human breast tumor biopsy samples. These data suggest that the monoclonal antibodies obtained will be useful to detect the estrogen-regulated protein by immunohistochemistry. PMID- 7049358 TI - Prometheus and Pandora--cancer research on our Diamond Anniversary: Presidential Address. American Association for Cancer Research. PMID- 7049359 TI - Feeding response of tumor-bearing rats to insulin and insulin withdrawal and the contribution of autonomous tumor drain to cachectic depletion. AB - The Walker 256 carcinosarcoma growing in Sprague-Dawley rats and the Morris 5123 hepatoma growing in Buffalo rats both produce cachexia but have widely differing patterns of host metabolism and tumor growth. Both organisms respond to exogenous insulin with increased food intake and rate of weight gain of host. The insulin treatment response of food intake was 1.5 to 2 times and of body weight gain was 2 to 3 times that of tumor-free controls. Insulin does not accelerate tumor growth. On withdrawal of insulin, the reactive hypophagia seen in tumor-free rats does not occur in tumor bearers, and the host weight does not return to the expected untreated value as it does in tumor-free rats. Most of the weight gained during insulin treatment of tumor bearers above that gained by tumor-free rats is retained after withdrawal of insulin. A computer model based on the inference from these results, that the tumor-bearing host is blind to body weight error, indicates that this abnormality of feeding control could account for only about one-third of the observed depression of host weight and food intake. PMID- 7049360 TI - Regression of canine mammary carcinoma after immunoadsorption therapy. AB - The plasma of dogs afflicted with mammary carcinoma was perfused through chambers bearing Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I in an attempt to remove tumor promoting, immunosuppressive immune complexes from the peripheral blood of these animals. In this canine model of spontaneous mammary carcinoma, reduction of breast and/or soft-tissue tumor (posttreatment size equal to 0 to 50% of pretreatment tumor size) was observed in five of the ten animals so treated. Immune complexes capable of blocking lymphocytotoxicity were measured pre- and postimmunoadsorption; removal was more efficient in the five responders (four of six complexes) than in nonresponders (one of ten complexes), although statistical significance was not attained. The reduction of tumor size seen in soft-tissue sites was not always accompanied by a similar reduction of tumor size in visceral sites, and surgical resection of residual soft-tissue tumor nodules remaining after immunoadsorption treatment was required to achieve a complete response in two responding animals. No significant decrease in tumor size was observed in the control group, perfused without immunoadsorbent, nor in five additional tumor bearing animals infused with normal dog plasma which had been passed through S. aureus Cowan strain I-containing chambers. These data indicate that immunoadsorption of tumor-bearing host plasma can result in reduction in size of canine mammary adenocarcinoma but that the response is dependent on the site of the tumor (s.c. versus visceral) and may require utilization of other modalities to achieve a complete disappearance of the tumor. PMID- 7049361 TI - Xenografts of human bladder cancer in immune-deprived mice. AB - Human bladder cancer from cystoscopic biopsies and from established cell lines was transplanted into mice that were immune suppressed by thymectomy plus sequential treatment with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and whole-body irradiation. Each of four established human bladder cancer cell lines generated transplantable tumors in these mice, and some of the mice developed pulmonary metastases. Eight of 33 cystoscopically obtained biopsies of transitional cell carcinoma and one from a metastatic site led to xenografts that grew progressively, and some of these have been transplanted and/or have generated cell lines in vitro. Xenografts grew after a lag period of 0 to 32 weeks and had doubling times of 9 to 30 days. All of those examined histologically were consistent with transitional cell carcinoma, but some of the xenografts became more or less well differentiated in first and subsequent passages. The immune deprived mouse is an alternative host to the nude mouse for generation of human tumor xenografts and may be a useful model for study of biological properties and therapeutic response of human bladder cancer. PMID- 7049362 TI - High-density lipoproteins and the proliferation of human tumor cells maintained on extracellular matrix-coated dishes and exposed to defined medium. AB - The ability of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to support the growth of an established tumor cell line exposed to defined medium supplemented with transferrin has been examined. Low-density A-431 carcinoma cells maintained on extracellular matrix- or fibronectin-coated dishes proliferated actively when exposed to a synthetic medium supplemented with HDL, 500 micrograms protein per ml. Epidermal growth factor added at concentrations above 0.5 ng/ml inhibited cell growth, while at concentrations above 5 ng/ml it was cytotoxic. Among the various substrata tested for their ability to support the active proliferation of low-density A-431 cells when exposed to transferrin and HDL, plastic was the least efficient. On fibronectin-coated dishes, cells ceased to proliferate after 8 population doublings, while on extracellular matrix-coated dishes cells could be passaged for 50 population doublings. In the case of colon carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma cells exposed to medium supplemented with transferrin, the addition to the cultures of HDL alone resulted in a growth rate and final cell density which were similar to those observed when cells were exposed to serum-supplemented medium. In the case of the mammary carcinoma cell lines MCF-7 and ZR-75-1, HDL also supported cell growth, although to a lesser extent than did serum. The present study therefore indicates that HDL is capable of supporting, either totally or partially, the in vitro proliferation of tumor cells. PMID- 7049363 TI - Primary intracranial gliomas: clinical studies and treatment regimens of the Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1977-1979. PMID- 7049364 TI - A review of studies of the EORTC brain tumor group. AB - The results of three randomized trials performed by the EORTC Brain Tumor Group in patients with histologically proven brain gliomas are presented. CCNU (130 mg/m2 every 6 weeks) in combination with dexamethazone (4-20 mg daily) prolonged total survival compared to a group of patients treated only with corticosteroids. CCNU (130 mg/m2 every 6 weeks) either alone or one day after VM-26 (100 mg/m2) produced an objective remission in less than 30% of treated patients. However, the two treatment modalities did not prolong the interval between surgical removal of the tumor and relapse (recurrence). None of 12 patients with signs of brain tumor recurrence previously treated with VM-26 plus CCNU responded to procarbazine (3-week courses of 150 mg/m2/day). PMID- 7049365 TI - Ellipticine, 9-hydroxyellipticine, and 9-hydroxyellipiticinum: some biochemical properties of possible pharmacologic significance. AB - Ellipticine, 5,11-dimethyl-(6H)-pyrido-(4,3,b)-carbazole (NSC 71795) is a potent cytotoxic and antitumor agent. Several of its derivatives share these properties and nine hydroxylated compounds are even more potent. 2-Methyl-9 hydorxyellipticinium (NSC 264-137) has thus recently been shown to display some therapeutic effectiveness in human breast cancers. The biochemical mechanism of this action is discussed in this paper. DNA has been implied as the target of ellipticine and some derivatives; however, these drugs do not break DNA in cultured L1210 cells. Moreover, several other biochemical constituents are able to bind these compounds in vitro as efficiently as DNA. In this paper the interactions between ellipticine and some of those derivatives and (a) ascitic phospholipids monolayers and (b) cytochrome P450 microsomal proteins are studied and discussed. Finally, the hypothesis that the nonhydroxylated ellipticine derivatives might be better cytotoxic agents because they can be oxidized and generate free radical species through a monovalent electron transfer process is presented. This hypothesis is supported by experiments carried out on the oxidation of 9-hydroxyellipticine and 2-methyl-9-hydroxyellipticine by peroxidases. PMID- 7049366 TI - Clinical concepts derived from animal chemotherapy studies. AB - Animal chemotherapy studies have contributed significantly to clinical concepts in tumor therapy. Preclinical investigations have led to the discovery of new drugs and have demonstrated that it is possible to cure advanced metastatic neoplasia. A fundamental clinical concept stemming from animal chemotherapy studies is that increased selectivity and improved therapeutic effectiveness of antitumor agents may result from appropriate pharmacologic, biochemical, and biologic manipulation of the host-tumor drug relationship. Clinically important factors that may increase antitumor drug selectivity are reviewed and pertinent studies in animal model systems are cited. PMID- 7049367 TI - Biochemical and pharmacologic properties of nitrosoureas. AB - The employment of traditional biochemical and pharmacological concepts, together with the development of original molecular approaches, has created a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of action of nitrosoureas. For example, it is clear that all nuclear macromolecules are susceptible to alkylation and/or carbamoylation by nitrosoureas. The relative importance of these respective processes is equivocal, but there is evidence to suggest that the alkylating potential of these drugs is directly responsible for their cytotoxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic properties. The structural organization of nuclear chromatin, either at the nucleosomal or function level, is a critical determinant when considering specific macromolecules as potential targets for nitrosourea interaction. Perhaps a more complete understanding of the nuclear architecture of specific cell types will lead to a more precise understanding of nitrosourea selectivity, especially with respect to the nonmyelotoxic properties of chlorozotocin. Such knowledge would also assist in the rational development of novel nitrosourea analogues. PMID- 7049368 TI - The role of target determinants in antineoplastic therapy. PMID- 7049369 TI - Determinants of response to antimetabolites and their modulation by normal purine and pyrimidine metabolites. AB - Two areas of investigation are discussed: (a) the identification of critical biochemical parameters that may lead to prediction of response of tumor cells to antimetabolites, such as 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine (ara-C) and 5-FU, and (b) the potential use of normal purine and pyrimidine metabolites in the selective and specific modulation of critical parameters related to ara-C and 5 FU activity. The results presented indicate a strong correlation between ara-CTP formation and retention in leukemic cells and response of animals with leukemias or patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) treated with ara-C or a protocol containing ara-C. Furthermore, thymidine was found to be an effective modulator of the intracellular pools of dCTP and ara-CTP in rats, bone marrow, small intestine, and colon tumor cells. The mechanism of this effect is unclear, but initial evidence indicates that specific scheduling of the sequential administration of the metabolite and the antimetabolites may be important in determining increased selectivity of antitumor effects. In vivo studies with fluorinated pyrimidines have focused on quantitating 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) pools and their retention, and on the incorporation of fluorouridine (FUR) into RNA of sensitive and resistant L1210 cells. The results suggest that the retention of intracellular FdUMP pools above a threshold may be a more critical determinant in selectivity than the initial FdUMP levels achieved in target cells. Thymidine has been demonstrated to alter the pharmacokinetic parameters of 5-FU in man and in mice, but a selective modification of the antitumor activity of 5-FU has not yet been unequivocally demonstrated. PMID- 7049370 TI - Pharmacology of cyclophosphamide and metabolites. PMID- 7049371 TI - Clinical pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of cis-platinum and analogs. AB - cis-Platinum (DDP), the first metal coordination complex introduced into clinical trials, is remarkable for its therapeutic index. A short review of the numerator of this index, ie, the clinical activities of DDP given as a single agent or in combination therapy is presented. Toxicity of DDP, the denominator of the index, is given more attention, particularly nephrotoxicity, whose cumulative character and molecular mechanism are still in question and which can most often be prevented by following certain safety rules that are detailed in this paper. Pharmacokinetics data of free and filterable platinum are reviewed and discussed according to the different modalities of administration of DDP, and to what is known about its toxicity and its mechanism of cell kill. The rationale for using DDP in combination treatment is presented and the question of possible long-term toxicities is raised. cis-platinum analogs are sought for the purpose of enlarging the spectrum of activity, increasing selectivity and diminishing toxicity. Malonato-platinum has been shown not to be cross-resistant with DDP and to be clinically effective in adult acute leukemia. In a phase I study, malonato platinum, which is poorly soluble, was administered in 6-24-hour infusions to 49 patients in doses ranging from 3 to 32 mg/kg. GI toxicity was universal. Hematological toxicity appeared to be mild and not clearly dose-related (the 3-32 mg/kg patients were not yet evaluable). Platinum pharmacokinetics in urine and plasma were performed using flameless absorption spectrophotometry. Preliminary results have suggested that malonato-platinum presented several pharmacokinetic features in common with DDP. Minor responses were seen in four solid tumor patients, three of whom were refractory to DDP. Other analogs soon to be introduced into clinical trials are listed. PMID- 7049372 TI - Introduction to New Drug Seminar: Daunorubicin and L-asparaginase. PMID- 7049373 TI - L-Asparaginase as a single agent in acute lymphocytic leukemia: survey of studies form Childrens Cancer Study Group. AB - A series of studies were undertaken by the Childrens Cancer Study Group between 1968 and 1972 to evaluate the optimum schedule and dosage of L-asparaginase as a single agent in induction and maintenance of children with previously treated acute lymphocytic leukemia. Six different dosages of enzyme were administered (3600-840,000 IU/4 wk/m2). The optimal dose of L-asparaginase was found to be 12,000 IU/m2 given three times per week for a total dose of 144,000 IU/m2. Sixty three percent of children treated with this dosage achieved a bone marrow remission. The intramuscular method of administration is as effective and produced less significant sensitivity reactions than the intravenous method. Reinduction, after an unmaintained remission, with L-asparaginase was possible in 32% of the cases. L-Asparaginase used as a maintenance agent did not result in a significant increase in remission duration when compared to no maintenance therapy. However, patients who received L-asparaginase maintenance had a median remission duration of 66 days as compared to 41 days for the no-maintenance group. PMID- 7049374 TI - L-Asparaginase: discovery and development as a tumor-inhibitory agent. PMID- 7049375 TI - Asparaginase-methotrexate in combination chemotherapy: schedule-dependent differential effects on normal versus neoplastic cells. AB - In a variety of cell culture and in vivo experiments with normal and tumor bearing animals, the antecedent or simultaneous use of protein synthesis inhibitors with antimetabolites or alkylating agents will significantly attenuate the cytotoxic effects of the latter. The protein synthesis inhibitor asparaginase shares this potential. In murine leukemia L5178Y which is sensitive to both asparaginase and methotrexate (MTX), the prior use of asparaginase or the simultaneous administration of both drugs results in subadditive effects. In tumor-bearing mice, multiple courses of sequential MTX followed by asparaginase cured 55% of the leukemic mice whereas the converse sequence cured none. Partial explanation for this pharmacologic antagonism includes asparaginase-induced decrease in cellular uptake of MTX and delay in cell cycle traverse. It is of importance to recognize such pharmacologic antagonism for the proper design of clinical trials. Studies with human leukemic lymphoblasts suggest that the optimal time interval between asparaginase and a subsequent dose of MTX was 9-10 days. A 24-hour interval between methotrexate and a subsequent dose of asparaginase permits at least an additive therapeutic effect. The repeated use of this 2-day tandem schedule (MTX AsNase) permits the host to tolerate increasingly larger doses of MTX. These larger doses of MTX may have therapeutic benefit for the following reasons: 1) the steep dose-response relationship for MTX, 2) larger doses may overcome "transport-resistant" populations, and 3) larger doses may penetrate pharmacologic sanctuaries such as the blood-brain barrier. Trials of this combination in adults and children with advanced lymphoblastic leukemia, many of whom were previously treated with asparaginase and were refractory to conventional doses of MTX, resulted in complete remissions of 64% and 50%, respectively. PMID- 7049377 TI - Risk factors for development of daunorubicin cardiotoxicity. AB - Daunorubicin has been in clinical trials in the United States for the past 15 years. In 1966, Dr. David Karnofsky was the first investigator to report congestive heart failure in patients who had received high doses of daunorubicin. This early report was followed by a study by Halazun et al, colleagues who carried out a randomized controlled trial of vincristine plus prednisone versus vincristine plus prednisone plus daunorubicin. They reported a 0% incidence of congestive heart failure in the two-drug regimen and a 9.99% incidence in the three-drug regimen containing daunorubicin. Since that report there have been a large number of reports in the literature documenting that congestive heart failure can occur with administration of daunorubicin. Unfortunately, even though the drug-induced cardiotoxicity is a well-documented phenomenon, there has been very little information available as regards its incidence or risk factors for its development. This is in contrast to Adriamycin, where both the incidence of and risk factors for the development of cardiotoxicity are better studied. Because of this paucity of information we began a large retrospective study in 1976 to determine the incidence of and risk factors for the development of daunorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. The incidence data have been reported previously. This communication will review the incidence data and report new findings on the risk factors. PMID- 7049376 TI - Asparaginase and amino acids in cancer therapeutics. Cancer and Leukemia Group B Investigators. AB - Asparaginase was found ineffective in improving induction frequency of acute lymphocytic leukemia of children from vincristine and prednisone, but prolonged remission duration. Prolongation of remission duration was accomplished more effectively and at lower toxic cost by administration of asparaginase after the vincristine and prednisone treatment had been completed. Asparaginase is markedly more effective against human leukemia T-cells in vitro than against several types of B-lymphocytes. This is consistent with in vivo experience. Leukemic T-cells resistant to asparaginase have been induced in vitro. Deficiency of other amino acids causes absolute cessation of RNA biosynthesis, constituting evidence for other amino acid targets critical to leukemic cell survival. PMID- 7049378 TI - Daunorubicin treatment of adult solid tumors. PMID- 7049379 TI - The discovery of daunorubicin. AB - The authors summarize the early studies on the isolation, structure determination, biological effects, and mechanism of action of daunorubicin (DNR). In fact, the relationship between affinity for DNA and biological activity was first recorded for DNR and later confirmed on several DNA analogs, both biosynthetic and semisynthetic. A possible divergence was eventually observed with 4-methoxy-DNR. This compound is as active as DNR on the DNA synthesis but eight times more potent on different experimental tumor systems. In this context, it is worth noting that recent data on the N-acetyl derivatives of DNR and doxorubicin indicated the persistence of some activity on P388 leukemia in spite of their strongly reduced affinity for DNA and cytotoxic activity when compared with the parent compounds. PMID- 7049380 TI - A review of the preclinical antitumor activity and toxicology of L-asparaginase derived from E. coli. PMID- 7049381 TI - L-Asparaginase: human toxicology and single agent activity in nonleukemic neoplasms. AB - The early hope that L-asparaginase would be a breakthrough in medical treatment, with selective toxic effects based on the qualitative presence or absence of a specific enzyme (asparagine synthetase), has not been realized. Despite its failure to live up to early hopes, L-asparaginase is now commercially available because of its usefulness in treating selected forms of acute leukemia and T-cell lymphoid neoplasms. By and large, hints of useful activity in other tumors have not been confirmed, and L-asparaginase remains experimental for all other indications. It is variably toxic in man, and severe toxic effects are not unusual. Toxic reactions are generally hypersensitivity reactions or depression of protein synthesis. PMID- 7049382 TI - Sequential studies of daunorubicin and adriamycin in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 7049383 TI - Progress in acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - There has been substantial recent progress in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Intensive induction chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside and daunorubicin with or without 6-thioguanine will induce remission in over 70% of patients, with median remission of 1-2 years in most series. Attempts to prolong remissions with maintenance chemotherapy, immunotherapy, late intensification or central nervous system prophylaxis have been disappointing and there are no convincing data that these modalities are useful. Nevertheless, an increasing proportion of patients with AML have remissions of 3 or more years, and a small proportion may be cured. PMID- 7049384 TI - Optimal current treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - The treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been remarkably successful over the past 30 years of the chemotherapy era. A substantial proportion of patients, perhaps 40%-50%, are apparently cured with currently available therapy. However, optimal therapy has not yet been devised because of substantial therapeutic failures in the form of relapse and unacceptable side effects. Remission induction therapy is the most settled aspect of therapy. The addition of asparaginase or an anthracycline to prednisone and vincristine is highly effective. Preventive central nervous system therapy is under revision and study, with a variety of approaches likely to prove equally effective. Continuation (maintenance) therapy is in the most need of revision because a majority of therapeutic failures are due to bone marrow relapse--the failure of systemic therapy to prevent emergence of resistant leukemia cells. The optimal duration of therapy has not been established, the relapse after cessation of therapy lasting 2-3 years currently being 20%-25%. Bone marrow transplantation during remission shows promise as a therapeutic modality. The most promising development, however, is our increasing understanding of biological subpopulations of leukemia cells. This ultimately may help us develop more effective and specific therapy for childhood ALL. PMID- 7049385 TI - Anticipatory vomiting in women receiving cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU (CMF) adjuvant chemotherapy for breast carcinoma. AB - To determine the incidence of anticipatory vomiting (AV) and postchemotherapy nausea and vomiting (PCNV) in women receiving cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU (CMF) adjuvant chemotherapy for breast carcinoma, we studied 52 women randomized to two regimens (standard-dose and low-dose) of CMF. Charts were reviewed for the cycle of onset of AV and PCNV, the severity of PCNV, and relationships of these syndromes to CMF dose and protocol compliance. Among the 52 patients, AV occurred in 17 (33%), while PCNV was experienced by 46 (88%). Severe PCNV (defined as uncontrolled nausea and/or vomiting interfering with performance of daily activities) occurred in 22 of 52 (42%) women. Eighteen of 23 (78%) women receiving standard-dose CMF experienced severe PCNV, and 13 of these had AV. Patients in whom severe PCNV began before cycle 4 were more likely to develop AV than women in whom PCNV began later (P less than 0.01). Ten of 52 (19%) patients discontinued CMF adjuvant chemotherapy because of nausea and vomiting; seven of the ten (70%) were receiving standard-dose CMF and seven had experienced AV. This study demonstrates that both AV an PCNV are significant toxic effects that not only affect the quality of life of a woman receiving CMF chemotherapy for breast cancer but also limit the ability of the clinician to provide maximum therapy to woman at high risk of recurrence of breast carcinoma. PMID- 7049386 TI - Southwest Oncology Group experience with tamoxifen in metastatic melanoma. PMID- 7049388 TI - Dopaminergic regulation of circadian rhythms of blood pressure, renin and aldosterone in essential hypertension. PMID- 7049387 TI - Electrophysiological effects of glucose-insulin-potassium on atrioventricular conduction in man. PMID- 7049389 TI - Histamine-lectin and insulin-lectin binding site overlaps in Tetrahymena. PMID- 7049390 TI - S100, a brain-specific protein: localization and possible role in the snail nervous system. AB - Immunofluorescence techniques were used to show that S100 is present on the surface of neuronal and glial membranes of Helix pomatia in vitro. By the method of rocket immunoelectrophoresis of aqueous , Trition, and n-pentanol extracts of snail nervous tissue, S100 was demonstrated to be mainly in the membrane fraction. Anti-S100 antiserum inhibited the electrical activity of identified neurons, pointing to a relationship of this process with ionic channels of the excitable membrane. The effect of anti-S100 antiserum on the membrane was potential dependent and controlled by the Ca2+ concentration. PMID- 7049391 TI - [1982-1985 local associations of the Slovak Medical Society]. PMID- 7049392 TI - [J.W. Goethe and Czech spa towns. 150th anniversary of the poet's death--March 22, 1832 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049393 TI - [Enzyme immunoanalysis for digoxin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049394 TI - [The 1st school physician in Moravia]. PMID- 7049395 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of the distribution of serotonin neurons in the brainstem of the rat and cat. AB - The morphological characteristics and distribution of the somata of serotonin containing neurons in the brainstem of rats and cats were studied by use of the peroxidase-anti peroxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical method employing highly specific antibodies to serotonin. Antibodies were raised in rabbits against an antigen prepared by coupling serotonin to bovine thyroglobulin and using formaldehyde as the coupling reagent. The distribution pattern of serotonin neurons observed in the present material is essentially in agreement with that described by other investigators who used the Falck-Hillarp method. In addition, this immunohistochemical technique revealed serotonin-containing perikarya in the following regions: 1) the periaqueductal gray, especially lateral to the nucleus raphe dorsalis, 2) the nucleus interpeduncularis, 3) the nucleus parabrachialis ventralis and dorsalis, 4) the field of the lemniscus lateralis, and 5) the reticular formation of the pons and medulla oblongata. The described immunohistochemical procedure makes it possible to study central serotonin neurons in detail without pharmacological pretreatment. The wide distribution of serotonin neurons demonstrated in this study should be considered when interpreting experiments dealing with the serotonin system. PMID- 7049396 TI - Phospholipase A2 activity in pancreatic islets is calcium-dependent and stimulated by glucose. AB - Phospholipase A2 activity in islet cell homogenates and dispersed islet cells of the rat was determined using an exogenous radiolabeled phospholipid substrate from E. coli membranes. Phospholipase A2 activity in islet homogenates was found to have two pH optima in acid or neutral/alkaline pH ranges. The enzyme activity at pH 7.5 was calcium dependent and responded to increasing calcium concentrations with graded increases in phospholipid hydrolysis. Preincubation of islets with a concentration of glucose known to elicit maximum rates of insulin secretion resulted in a stable activation of phospholipase A2 activity which was assayable in islet homogenates. Glucose stimulated phospholipase A2 in these preparations by as much as 220% above control. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose, a nonsecretory analogue of glucose, did not elicit a significant increase in islet phospholipase A2 activity. The glucose sensitive enzyme was associated with a membrane-enriched subcellular fraction in which the glucose-stimulated activity was greater than 2 fold higher than control activity. Glucose stimulation potentiated the phospholipase A2 activity measured in the presence of high calcium concentrations. Phospholipase A2 activity was also found in dispersed islet cell preparations where glucose stimulation of what may be a partly externalized membrane enzyme was most apparent at low calcium concentrations. These data indicate that islet cells possess phospholipase A2 activity which may be in part localized to the plasma membrane as well as other membrane systems, and which exhibits the characteristic properties of pH and calcium dependency, and sensitivity to secretagogue stimulation reported for the enzyme in other secretory systems. PMID- 7049397 TI - The SOS regulatory system of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7049398 TI - Nucleotide sequence comparisons and functional analysis of yeast centromere DNAs. AB - We determined the nucleotide sequence of DNA segments containing functional centromeres (CEN3 and CEN11) isolated from yeast chromosomes III and XI. The two centromere regions differ in primary nucleotide sequence, but contain structural features in common. Both centromere regions contain an extremely A + T-rich core segment 87-88 bp in length, flanked by two short sequences (14 bp and 11 bp) that are identical in both DNAs. These elements plus one additional 10 bp region of perfect homology are positioned in an almost identical spatial arrangement within the two centromere regions. Significant homologies are also observed among the sequences flanking the high A + T region and various satellite DNA sequences from higher eucaryotes, although no repeated sequences occur near the yeast centromeres. Centromere activity in vivo is maintained on relatively small DNA fragments (627 bp for CEN3 and 858 bp for CEN11), as assayed by mitotic stabilization of autonomously replicating ars plasmids in yeast. PMID- 7049399 TI - Transcription initiation of eucaryotic transfer RNA genes. PMID- 7049400 TI - Magnetic retention of the overdenture and removable partial denture: a new attachment system. PMID- 7049401 TI - Human blood lymphocyte subsets separated on the basis of nylon adherence, SRBC and EA rosetting: natural cytotoxicity and characterization with monoclonal reagents. PMID- 7049402 TI - Molecular identification and characterization of a protein lymphokine macrophage migration inhibition activity. PMID- 7049403 TI - Analysis of Ly-6.2-bearing murine lymphocyte subpopulations in relation to the T lymphocyte markers, Thy-1, Lyt-1, and Lyt-2. PMID- 7049404 TI - Changes in macrophages and their functions with aging in C57BL/6J, AKR/J, and SJL/J mice. PMID- 7049405 TI - The role of mononuclear phagocytes in cardiac allograft rejection in the rat. I. Ultrastructural and cytochemical features. PMID- 7049406 TI - The role of mononuclear phagocytes in cardiac allograft rejection in the rat. II. Characterization of mononuclear phagocytes extracted from rat cardiac allografts. PMID- 7049407 TI - The role of mononuclear phagocytes in cardiac allograft rejection in the rat. III. The effect of cells extracted from rat cardiac allografts upon beating heart cell cultures. PMID- 7049409 TI - Sensitivity to macrophage-mediated cytostasis is cell cycle dependent. PMID- 7049408 TI - Trapping antigen-antibody complexes within the human placenta. PMID- 7049410 TI - Inhibition of the appearance of benzidine-positive cells in induced Friend leukemia cells by butyrated hydroxyanisole. PMID- 7049411 TI - [Optimum vitamin C allowance for the human organism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049412 TI - [Regulation of growth hormone and prolactin secretion in rats]. PMID- 7049413 TI - [The origin of free amino acids in cells and their use in protein synthesis]. PMID- 7049414 TI - [Angiographic diagnosis of expansive non-tumorous lesions in the orbit]. PMID- 7049415 TI - [The incidence and transmission of plasmid resistance in E. coli isolated from young children and nurses in an infant institute]. PMID- 7049416 TI - [The occurrence of yeasts in the mouth of adults]. PMID- 7049417 TI - [The work of Alfred Grotjahn and his influence on the development of social medicine in Bohemia. II]. PMID- 7049418 TI - Alkaline opening of imidazole ring of 7-methylguanosine. 1. Analysis of the resulting pyrimidine derivatives. AB - Column chromatography and spectroscopy have been employed in analyzing pyrimidine derivatives obtained from alkaline-treated 7-methylguanosine (7-meGuo). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that the alkaline generated products consist predominantly of two forms of ring opened 7-methylguanine (rom7Gua) in equal amounts. Material from both Dowex 50 and Sephadex LH-20 columns was readily resolvable into two HPLC peaks. The species in one peak appears to be composed of formylated and that in the other of deformylated rom7Gua. The presence of a deformylated species is supported by the absence of radioactivity in one of the two peaks obtained when ring opened [8-14C]-guanosine was analyzed by HPLC. The formylated species was retained on the liquid chromatography column for 8 min with a 3% methanol, 0.01 M NH4H2PO4 (pH 5.1) solvent and for 6 min with a 6% methanol, 0.01 N NH4H2PO4 (pH 5.1) solvent system; the deformylated species was retained for 6.3 min with the first solvent and 4.5 min with the second solvent. Subsequent to Dowex 50 chromatography in an ammonium formate solvent, abut 90% of the material was formylated. When stored at 24 degrees C for 72 h in a solvent without formate ions, the material was shown by HPLC to consist of equal amounts of the formylated and deformylated species. These results indicate that the two species of rom7Gua are in equilibrium. The rom7Gua excised from DNA by formamidopyrimidine (FAPy)-DNA glycosylase was shown to coelute with the formylated species. PMID- 7049419 TI - Microassay of serum androsterone by an enzymatic cycling method. PMID- 7049420 TI - Studies on chemical carcinogens. XXI. Quantitative structure-mutagenicity relationship among substituted styrene oxides. PMID- 7049421 TI - Isoelectric points of two molecular forms of human urinary urokinase determined by density-gradient isoelectric focusing and isotachoelectrophoresis. PMID- 7049422 TI - Convenient purification of human spleen fibrinolytic proteinase (SFP) and human leucocyte elastase by affinity chromatography. PMID- 7049423 TI - [Vascular problems in pancreatic demolitory surgery]. AB - Obstacles of vascular type may hinder or prevent pancreatic destruction for tumours of the pancreas or periampullary tumours. Out of 72 major pancreatic demolitions (cephalic duodenopancreatectomy or subtotal pancreatectomy from rt to lt) there were vascular difficulties on 26 occasions (36%), of which 15 were in existence prior to development of the neoplasia (anomalies of rise and course of peripancreatic vessels, stenosis/obliteration of the common hepatic artery in pancreatic head or periampullary tumours) and 11 due to tumoral growth (direct involvement of the mesenteric-portal tract, the hepatic artery and the superior mesenteric artery). The technical solutions used are discussed individually in the light of the physiopathological repercussions consequent on any temporary or permanent interruption of important hepatic and splanchnic vascularisation vessels (hepatic artery and various mesenteric a.), in relation to operating mortality and the prospects of long-term survival. In the most complex cases of direct vascular involvement by the neoplasia, the Author's trend was orientated to a position which, while accepting demolition decisions useful for the widening of the surgical radicality margins, nevertheless avoids extensive demolition solutions imposed by conditions of necessity or considerations of principle that probably do not bring significant advantages as regards long-term prognosis for these tumours. PMID- 7049424 TI - [Evolution of renal osteodystrophy after renal transplant: basic elements and orthopedic problems]. AB - The generic term "Renal Osteodystrophy" is used to denote a complex of skeletal and metabolic impairments found in nephropathic patients. Neither dialytic treatment nor transplant is always capable of limiting the worsening evolution; transplantation, on the contrary, while it does not in many cases bring the phospho-calcic metabolism back to full normality, introduced new elements of imbalance arising as a result of the inevitable immunosuppressive therapy. After outlining the main post-transplant metabolic problems, the Authors discuss the manifestations of orthopaedic interest, in particular the most severe complication, i.e. aseptic necrosis. PMID- 7049425 TI - [Scintigraphic examination of the skeleton in kidney transplantation]. PMID- 7049426 TI - [Use of the ELISA test in the serologic diagnosis of hepatic amebiasis. Comparative study of 4 other methods: immunofluorescence, electrosyneresis, passive hemagglutination and complement fixation]. PMID- 7049427 TI - [Epidemiological and clinical features of malaria in two villages of the Lekie division (Cameroon)]. AB - The examination of the thick drops shows malaria parasites in 20,8% of the slides in Minkama and Nalassi: 95,7% of those slides are positive for P. falciparum and 4,3% for P. malariae. The parasite rate, representing the percentage of children up to 9 years of age showing parasites in their blood, is 42,2%. Using the immunofluorescent test, antibodies are found in 43,7% of the blood samples in the study area. In the hospital, 51% of the patients with malaria are 0 to 4 years old children. The clinical symptoms observed are, in a decreasing frequency, fever, vomiting and diarrhoea, myalgia, arthralgia and asthenia, convulsions, delirious or coma. They are no obvious correlations concerning the rain-gauging data and the monthly number of malaria cases admitted at the hospital in this Cameroonian rainforest area. PMID- 7049428 TI - [Three cases of malaria induced by blood transfusion]. PMID- 7049429 TI - [Iris fixation of lens implants]. PMID- 7049430 TI - [Intra-epithelial epithelioma after keratoplasty]. PMID- 7049431 TI - [Medical treatment of retinal venous occlusions with a new defibrinating agent (Defibrase). Preliminary study]. PMID- 7049432 TI - [Dominique Anel and the Quinze Vingts of Paris]. PMID- 7049433 TI - [Foreign bodies of plant origin in the orbit (the value of tomodensitometry)]. PMID- 7049434 TI - [Uveitis in a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection--one case]. PMID- 7049435 TI - [Daltonism and painting]. PMID- 7049436 TI - Current status and indications for adjuvant therapy in breast cancer. AB - 1. Modified radical mastectomy is the standard surgical procedure today in most countries. 'Lesser surgery' associated with radiotherapy emerges as an alternative for patients with T1N0 lesions. 2. The potential risk of occult micrometastases is best predicted by careful axillary staging and possibly by the ER status of the primary tumor. 3. Additional risk factors such as tumor size, patients age, menopausal status, and intramammary lymphatic or vascular invasion are less well established and need clarification. 4. Previous studies showed no significant long-term benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy and at best a marginal increase of lifespan by adjuvant castration in patients subjected to radical surgery. 5. Various types of adequately intensive adjuvant chemotherapy resulted in a significant increase of relapse-free survival and probably also overall survival 5-6 years after mastectomy in pre- and possibly also postmenopausal N+ patients. 6. Treatment intensity (full doses) of adjuvant chemotherapy seems to be more critical than treatment duration (CMF X 6 is as good as CMF X 12). 7. Adjuvant chemotherapy with drug combinations is generally more effective than single drugs. No combination so far (if adequate doses are given) is clearly superior. 8. Whether early peri-operative onset of adjuvant chemotherapy or combinations with endocrine measures or cyclic, alternating drug regimens increase effectiveness remains to be shown. 9. Adjuvant chemotherapy in N- patients, though still experimental, appears rewarding. 10. The pattern of first relapse has not been significantly altered by the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. Response rate and duration with secondary treatments are consistent with common experience in metastatic disease. 11. Up to 5-6 years median observation time there is no proof that the risk of second neoplasms is increased by currently used adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. 12. More and highly critical prospective trials are needed to assess not only effectiveness, but also patient tolerance (cost-benefit ratio) of adjuvant therapies in breast cancer. PMID- 7049437 TI - Quantitation of human serum apolipoprotein B by enzyme immunoassay. AB - An enzyme immunoassay for human serum apolipoprotein B is described. The assay is competitive and uses cellulose nitrate coated polystyrene tubes with adsorbed monospecific antibodies, to which is added intact low density lipoprotein (LDL) conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. The coefficients of variation were 8 and 10% for within-run and between-run reproducibility respectively, for the range 100-200 ng of apolipoprotein B in the sample. Recovery determinations on isolated very low and low density lipoprotein fractions showed good yields of immunologically determined apolipoprotein B relative to chemically determined apolipoprotein. Using this method on a control material of apparently healthy 40 60 year old men a good correlation (r = 0.67, p = 0.01) was found between serum apolipoprotein B content and serum LDL cholesterol. PMID- 7049438 TI - An improved method for preparing cell suspensions used for the cloning of human tumors. PMID- 7049439 TI - The significance of the portal insulin secretion in insulin dependent patients with residual beta-cell function: a safeguard against hormonal and metabolic derangement. PMID- 7049440 TI - Brain renin. AB - Although the brain contains cathepsins at high concentrations which exhibit a non specific renin-like activity at acidic pH, the presence of specific renin in the brain has been demonstrated by characterizing its specific properties. Renin was separated from cathepsin by affinity chromatography on casein-Sepharose. Brain renin showed neutral pH optima for the reaction to generate angiotensin I. The presence of inactive prorenin was also found. The isoelectric points of brain renin were significantly lower differences from that of renal or plasma renin. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated a wide-spread localization of renin in many different regions. Angiotensin II, the final product of the prohormone-to hormone conversion reaction mediated by renin and angiotensin converting enzyme, was found to exist in the same cell as renin by immunohistochemical studies of brain sections and with cloned and cultured neuroblastoma cells. This is the first demonstration of the mechanism of peptide hormone formation in neuronal cells. Similar intracellular formation was demonstrated in gonadotrophs of adenohypophysis. Coexistence of renin and angiotensin II was demonstrated in some cells. Electrophysiological studies have shown that angiotensin II functions to disinhibit the inhibition of neuronal response to electrical stimuli in the hippocampus. PMID- 7049441 TI - Changes in control of renin release in congestive heart failure in dogs: response to acute and chronic vasodilator therapy. AB - Neural control of renin secretion is an important physiologic mechanism, but alterations in the central nervous system feedback and control of renin release in heart failure have not been investigated. Accordingly we studied conscious dogs after volume overload (arteriovenous fistula) or chronic myocardial infarction. Acute infusion of nitroprusside was used to test the renin response to arterial hypotension and decreased central blood volume. Hydralazine and prazosin administration were used to test the response to chronic vasodilator administration. After 4 weeks of volume overload or 3 weeks after myocardial infarction, the renin response to a graded hypotensive stimulus was blunted. After 7 days of hydralazine or prazosin administration, plasma renin activity remained elevated and blood volume increased from baseline values. Our results indicate a decrease in the neural feedback control of renin release after chronic volume overload or myocardial infarction. However, chronic vasodilator administration still resulted in sustained augmented renin secretion and an increase in blood volume. PMID- 7049442 TI - Increased cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine in essential hypertension. AB - Studies in man and animals suggest increased central noradrenergic activity in hypertension. We can now measure norepinephrine (NE) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accurately and this should provide an index of central noradrenergic activity. NE in CSF is very labile and altered by anxiety, stress, drugs, sodium balance and other factors. When these factors are controlled, NE in CSF appears elevated in essential hypertensives, particularly among young patients. Neurologic diseases that alter NE in CSF cause parallel alterations in blood pressure. Increased central noradrenergic activity is reflected in CSF NE levels and may cause some forms of hypertension. PMID- 7049443 TI - [Inhibin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049444 TI - [Plasma corticoids during renin releasing test in normotensive subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049445 TI - [Measurement of thyroxine-binding index by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049446 TI - [Radioimmunoassay kit using beads to separate free and antibody-bound insulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049447 TI - Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid-review of a valuable diagnostic technique. PMID- 7049448 TI - Dowling Oration 1981. The changing face of melanoma. PMID- 7049449 TI - The historical and scientific basis of cryosurgery. PMID- 7049450 TI - A. W. Campbell: Australia's first neurologist. PMID- 7049451 TI - Complement (C3) receptors on dendritic reticulum cells of normal and malignant lymphoid tissue. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate whether dendritic reticulum cells (DRC) in normal lymphoid tissue and in malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas possess receptors for the third complement component (C3 receptors). For this purpose we studied the in situ expression of C3 receptors in lymphoid tissue by staining frozen tissue sections with an antiserum specific for human C3 receptors (AC3RS), using a modified immunoperoxidase method. The results indicate that DRC of normal and malignant lymphoid tissue express large amounts of C3 receptors. Absorption experiments revealed that the C3 receptors of DRC are identical with, or at least share common antigenic sites with, the C3 receptors expressed by tonsil B cells. PMID- 7049452 TI - The influence of testosterone on the development of autoimmune thyroiditis in thymectomized and irradiated rats. AB - Orchidectomy was found to potentiate the development of autoimmune thyroiditis induced by thymectomy and irradiation (Tx-X) in male PVG/c strain rats. Conversely, testosterone administration to orchidectomized Tx-X rats markedly reduced or inhibited the development of this condition. When given in varying quantities by injection in oil over a period of 15 weeks the inhibitory effect on the development of both thyroiditis and thyroglobulin autoantibodies was found to be directly related to dose. Levels between 150 ng and 150 micrograms/100 gm body weight reduced the incidence and severity of the disease whilst levels of 500 micrograms and 5000 micrograms abrogated these autoimmune effects. Testosterone in implant form had a similar effect. Low doses of testosterone administered by either procedure were also found to be beneficial to entire female Tx-X rats. These results indicate that sex steroid hormones have an important modulatory influence on the genesis of autoimmune thyroiditis. Furthermore, it is also apparent in this particular model that this influence can be demonstrated in the absence of the thymus gland PMID- 7049453 TI - Yeast opsonization in newborn infants and its relationship to parental atopy. AB - Sera from 30 of 303 (9.9%) unselected term newborn infants were deficient in their ability to opsonize heat-killed baker's yeasts, an incidence which is almost double that seen in adults. Genetic influence is important in some since the mothers of 10 infants with defective opsonization showed the same defect, but it was not related to the sex or race of the infant or to the atopic state of the parents. In others the defect could be due to a functional maturation delay of the complement system, but not to inhibitory factors in neonatal serum since correction of opsonization was achieved with subopsonizing amounts of normal sera. Significantly more infants had sera with high opsonizing capacity (greater than 80% yeasts phagocytosed) when compared with adults; perhaps antibody independent immune mechanisms like this are important in the newborn. This study shows that a common specific immunodeficiency which may predispose to severe infection or atopy can be identified at birth. PMID- 7049454 TI - In vitro induction of monoclonal antibody-defined T-cell markers in lymphocytes from immunodeficient children by synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS). AB - Lymphocytes from five children suffering from ataxia telangectasia or various unclassified immune deficiencies were tested in vitro for their sensitivity to synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS). The percentages of cells bearing T cell markers were elevated after incubation with FTS at graded concentrations (0.25, 2.5 and 25 ng/ml), by microlymphocytotoxicity or indirect immunofluorescence, using monoclonal anti-Lyt1 antibodies. In four cases, more than 30% of the non-T non-B cells acquired the Lyt1 T cell marker. These four children had low levels of circulating FTS. In the fifth child, who had a normal serum FTS level, and in two age-matched controls, there was no significant increase in the percentage of cells bearing the T marker. PMID- 7049455 TI - Impairment of T lymphocyte functions in mice with motor end-plate disease. AB - The present paper reports complex immunological anomalies associated with motor end-plate disease (Med) in mice. Motor end-plate disease is a severe neuromuscular disorder which leads to death (around the 25th of life) in the Medj/Medj mutant, while the heterozygotes quickly recover from mild manifestations. Medj/Medj and Medj/ + mice share some of the immunological aberrations: reduced PFC response to SRBC in 14-16 day old mice, with reduced suppressor cell function and precocious maturation of the cytotoxic response to allogeneic cells in 21-23 day old mice. The diminished PFC response is corrected in adult Medj/ + mice but persists in the small group of Medj/Medj which escape death and which were studied between the 6th and 16th week of life. In addition, the thymus and spleen of Medj/Medj mice are greatly reduced in size, a symptom which appears with the onset of the clinical disease. Also, a reduction in the NK activity in the small group of older, surviving mice was noted. T and B lymphocyte proportions and the proliferative responses to T cell mitogens were not impaired in 14-16 day old mice. The role of these abnormalities in the pathogenesis of the disease is not known. Since some of these anomalies are shared by Medj/Medj and Medj/ +, the latter of which present no or mild and transient neurological manifestations, there is no clear link between the immunological and neuromuscular disorders. PMID- 7049456 TI - The assessment of anti-idiopathic antibodies as effective immunoregulatory probes in vivo. AB - In order to increase our understanding of the potential to use anti-idiotypic antibodies as immune modulators in vivo, we extensively analysed influences induced by one such antibody (anti-Id-l) following its administration to animals of different ages, genetic backgrounds, and immunological histories. Id-l is an inter-strain idiotype associated with rat anti-Group A streptococcal carbohydrate antibodies. The intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of anti-Id-l antibodies, prepared against Id-l+ antibodies from an HPR rat could effectively induce long term idiotype suppression in all tested strains of rats, regardless of the age at the time of treatment, the RTl haplotype or IgG2c or k-chain allotype. Total anti streptococcal antibodies were not suppressed by this treatment. Although long term suppression could be induced at any age, the percentage of animals suppressed following neonatal injections was consistently less than that following adult injections of anti-idiotypic antibodies. In addition, neonatal injections of anti-Id-l or Id-l with anti-Id-l appeared to enhance Id-l production in a minority of the animals. Similar treatment of adult animals never increased Id-l synthesis, suggesting that cells associated with enhanced Id-l production in older animals are either refractory to activation-differentiation signals and/or are sequestered and no longer accessible by i.v. or i.p. routes of administration of the probe. Auto-anti-Id-l immunity induced by immunizing adult rats with heavy, light, F(ab')2 fragments or whole IgG molecules could also induce an Id-l suppressed state. We were not able to induce significant Id-l suppression if animals were immunized with antigen prior to the injection of anti Id-l. There was evidence, however, that such treatment might lead in time to the development of some idiotype specific suppression. PMID- 7049457 TI - Pseudoplaque formation by cytophilic immunoglobulins in the sera of lupus patients as measured using reverse haemolytic plaque assay. AB - Normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in vitro with lupus sera (LS) were studied for their possible immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion using reverse haemolytic plaque assay (RHPA). Plaque forming cells (PFC) produced in cultures with LS (2,323 +/- 858 PFC/10(6) cultured cells) significantly increased in number compared to the control cultures with normal human serum (206 +/- 43, P less than 0.05). However, the artifactual nature of the PFC formation due to cytophilic Ig in LS subsequently became evident from the kinetic curves, trypsinization or medium change at the end of the culture period, radiation of cells on the first day of culture, or by depletion of nylon wool column-adherent cells from the culture system. These cytophilic Ig were observed in 56% of the sera obtained from untreated lupus patients. Thus, their possible interference with the resultant spurious plaque formation might be difficult to eliminate when performing RHPA in lupus patients. PMID- 7049458 TI - Phagocytosis of Candida albicans by alveolar macrophages from patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7049459 TI - Pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin-secreting cells in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive -negative chronic active hepatitis: evaluation by a protein A plaque assay. PMID- 7049460 TI - Sequential morphology of graft-versus-host disease in the rat radiation chimera. PMID- 7049461 TI - A selective and complete absence of C1q in a patient with vasculitis and nephritis. PMID- 7049462 TI - Maternal-fetal relation. II. Further characterization of an immunologic blocking factor that develops during pregnancy. PMID- 7049463 TI - Defective macrophage--T-cell interaction in common varied immunodeficiency. PMID- 7049464 TI - Macrophage locomotion in experimental allergic thyroiditis of the rat. PMID- 7049465 TI - Neutrophil migration inhibition factor from T lymphocytes (NIF-T): partial purification by antibody affinity chromatography and further characterization. PMID- 7049466 TI - Festschrift in honor of Robert A. Good on the occasion of his 60th birthday. PMID- 7049467 TI - The role of C3 fragments in endocytosis and extracellular cytotoxic reactions by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 7049468 TI - Localization of the Goodpasture antigen by immunoelectron microscopy. PMID- 7049469 TI - Bone marrow transplantation across major histocompatibility barriers in mice. IV. Graft-versus-host disease in TLI-conditioned mice. PMID- 7049470 TI - The characterization of an Fc receptor cell population in the maturing bursa of Fabricius. PMID- 7049471 TI - Treatment of Mycobacterium fortuitum pulmonary infection with "transfer factor" (TF): new methodology for evaluating TF potency and predicting clinical response. PMID- 7049472 TI - Autoimmune thyroiditis in the rat induced by thymectomy and low doses of irradiation: nature of effector cells and demonstration of antifollicular epithelial cell autoantibodies. PMID- 7049473 TI - A longitudinal study on the effects of azathioprine and high doses of prednisone on the immune system of kidney-transplant recipients. PMID- 7049474 TI - Anomalous killer cells: thymus cell dependency, precursor frequency, and response to immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 7049475 TI - Which mathematical model to study uremic toxicity? National Cooperative Dialysis Study. AB - Mathematical modelling advantages and limitations to study dialysis adequacy are evaluated, the use of the single pool urea model in the guidance of the National Cooperative Dialysis Study (NCDS) is described, and therapeutic control results from the Control phase of the NCDS are reported. The relevance of using urea as a target compound and the practicality of modelling its levels in clinical settings using a single pool model are discussed. The NCDS involves intensive participation of 8 geographically separate centers to control BUN at two weekly time averaged concentrations (50 +/- 5 and 100 +/- 5 mg/dl) using standard clinical dialyzers and two different lengths of dialysis (3 and 4.5 hr) in the presence of .8-1.4 g/kg/day protein intake. Control phase data on 195 patients indicates a remarkable level of clinical precision and method reproducibility as well as a high degree of patient compliance. Patient urea volumes averaged 39.8 +/- 8.9 liters, net rates of daily protein catabolism were 1.06 +/- .17 g/kg; daily weight gain: .96 +/0 .43 kg; and dialyzer clearances to maintain patients in the control phase for 3 to 6 months were 168 +/- 44 ml/min. Clearances required to randomize patients into four experimental groups ranged 40-250 ml/min. Less than 1/4 of dialyzers were larger than 1.8 m2 and were not specific to any experimental group. PMID- 7049476 TI - Corynebacterium hofmannii infection after renal transplantation. AB - A case of malakoplakia affecting the entire urinary tract is described. The patient had received a cadaveric renal transplant and had required particularly heavy immunosuppression because of recurrent rejection episodes. Heavy hematuria developed, and this was followed by obstruction at the vesico-ureteric junction. Despite adequate drainage via a nephrostomy, the graft ceased functioning, and was explanted. Although appropriate antibiotics were given, the patient died. The organism responsible for triggering the malakoplakia was Corynebacterium hofmannii, and this is only the third report of this organism as a human pathogen. However, other coryneform bacteria have been reported as being pathogenic in immunosuppressed subjects, and should be sought when more common organisms cannot be cultured in such patients showing signs of infection. PMID- 7049477 TI - Unusual development of arterial hypertension in an anephric patient during miliary tuberculosis of the lungs. PMID- 7049478 TI - Primary versus secondary mitral valve prolapse: clinical features and implications. AB - This study considers the implications that two types of mitral valve prolapse exist. One is primary, and consists of a basic abnormality of the mitral apparatus. While the etiology of this lesion may not always be the same, the major gross abnormalities are usually constant. Secondary mitral valve prolapse generally exists merely as a consequence of reduced or abnormal ventricular dimensions, and usually appears to be a benign phenomenon. PMID- 7049479 TI - Irregular antibodies causing hemolytic disease of the newborn: a continuing problem. AB - The known antigens associathfed with hemolytic disease of the newborn, along with the grade of severity of the disease caused by each antigen, are presented in Table 11. The term "expectant" management means the obstetrician does not need to perform an amniocentesis and may deliver the patient at term. The obstetrician must notify the pediatrician about the delivery of te potentially sensitized infant so that proper nursery treatment of this infant can be initiated. Periodic screening of all antenatal patients for irregular antibodies can alert the physician to a potential problem with hemolytic disease of the newborn and allow the laboratory time to find acceptable donors for possible exchange transfusion. If the antibody is discovered before delivery, it is possible to obtain and store maternal blood to be utilized if a maternal transfusion is needed. When the antenatal patient with an irregular antibody is discovered, her partner should be tested for the antigen. If present, the physician can determine the severity of the disease than can be caused by this antibody from the data in Table 11 and manage the patient appropriately. The information presented should help the physician decide when further testing is needed and when unnecessary testing can be avoided. PMID- 7049480 TI - Thoraco-abdominal and thoracoepigastric flaps: alternatives to skin grafting after mastectomy. PMID- 7049481 TI - A critical review of the treatment of colorectal liver metastases. PMID- 7049482 TI - Clinical trials in oncology. PMID- 7049483 TI - The classic. Slow union of fractures with a study of 804 fractures of the shafts of the tibia and femur, by R. Watson-Jones and W. D. Coltart. PMID- 7049484 TI - Aseptic necrosis of bone. An historic perspective. AB - The history of aseptic bone necrosis includes important contributions by Hunter, Russell, Goodsir, Paget, Konig, Axhausen, Phemister, and Chandler. Only after Pasteur discovered bacteria in abscesses could a nonbacterial or aseptic necrosis be conceptualized. Techniques and information gained from the study of bone grafts led to important steps in the recognition of aseptic necrosis. The use of the X-ray and careful pathologic correlation enabled a wide group of radiographically distinct lesions to be recognized as bone necroses. Although many identifiable diseases can underlie aseptic necrosis, the cause of most cases is unknown. PMID- 7049485 TI - Location of Dupuytren's disease on the radial aspect of the hand. AB - The fibrous elements of the radial side of the hand, i.e., index, first web space, and thumb, have not previously been fully described. However, involvement of this area may be significant, as seen in patients with a malignant form of Dupuytren's disease known as Dupuytren's diathesis, and adequate surgical removal depends on knowledge of the anatomy. Using cadavers, four major fibrous elements are defined: (1) the fibrous skeleton of the thenar eminence; (2) the radial longitudinally-oriented fibers of the palmar aponeurosis; (3) the distal transverse commissural ligament of the first web; and (4) the proximal transverse commissural ligament. These fibrous elements correspond with the four major locales of contracture seen in patients with radial sided involvement and can produce a variety of contractures: metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal flexion, abduction/opposition and/or adduction of the thumb. Surgical management, designed to correct deformity and prevent extension and recurrences, can be achieved by extensive excision of involved tissue and skin grafts. This can be accomplished by zig-zag incisions over isolated contractures of the fibrous elements or in combination with Z-plasty if the involvement is more extensive. Besides extensive aponeurectomy, tendon sheath releases and capsulotomies may be necessary. Use of skin grafts helps prevent recurrences. Full or thick split thickness grafts should be used with discretion avoiding major sensory areas or open tendon sheaths. PMID- 7049486 TI - Superior osteogenesis in transplanted allogeneic canine skull following chemical sterilization. AB - Sterilization of allogeneic bone increases the availability of this tissue for supplanting skeletal defects and effecting fusions. The optimal sterilant destroys micro-organisms, preserves the physical and chemical integrity of bone and possibly even reduces immunogenicity. Cortical bone of skull heals slowly and is variably resorbed. Of 36 dogs, spontaneous regeneration in 72 paired 20 mm defects was constant but always incomplete, and restored only about one third of the cross-sectional area of the defect at six months. The repair in defects replaced with canine allogeneic bony disc, sterilized with ethylene oxide (n = 9), gamma irradiation (n = 7), or methanol/chloroform/iodoacetic acid (n = 7) and then lyophilizedd, was compared with repair in defects filled with aseptically procured lyophilized only (n = 23) discs from the same donor. Criteria for evaluation of implants at six months included volume of defect filled, radiodensity, extent of fusion around circumference, revascularization, and remodeling. Bony discs sterilized with methanol/chloroform/iodoacetic acid remodeled at a superior rate (p less than 0.01). Radiation sterilization resulted in diminished density and inferentially reduced protection of the brain (p less than 0.025). Ethylene oxide, lyophilized implants, and implants lyophilized only produced comparable repair. Whereas an acceptable cranioplasty was achieved in 86% of methanol/chloroform/iodoacetic acid, lyophilize implants, all other alloimplants served an osteoconductive function with a successful repair occurring in 56% to 58%. PMID- 7049487 TI - Sedimentation rate in infected and uninfected total hip arthroplasty. PMID- 7049488 TI - Bone grafting in subtrochanteric fractures. AB - Of 40 adult patients with nonpathologic subtrochanteric fractures, 38 were treated by compression internal fixation using the ASIF technique and two were treated conservatively. Of many factors causing failure of internal fixation, comminution of the medial cortex is the major factor. A new classification for subtrochanteric fractures (nonpathologic) is based on experience with 25 fractures in which the medial cortex was comminuted; the treatment was internal fixation supplemented with autologous cancellous bone graft. In 13 fractures with no medial cortical comminution, the treatment was internal fixation alone. All fractures united without major morbidity within six months' time. PMID- 7049489 TI - A review of the primary mechanism of endochondral calcification with special emphasis on the role of cells, mitochondria and matrix vesicles. PMID- 7049490 TI - Chemotherapy of metastatic cancer in bone. AB - A harmonious cooperation between the oncologist, orthopedist and radiotherapist can result in a more comfortable, more functional, and in some instances, longer life for the patient. Chemotherapy is an effective and important component of the total management of a patient with metastatic cancer. It provides a mode of therapy for all of the manifestations of disseminated cancer, including bone metastases. Combination chemotherapy has been demonstrated to be of important benefit in metastatic bone disease secondary to carcinomas of the breast, prostate and lung (small cell). The results with other types of lung cancer are less impressive. The chemotherapy of metastatic thyroid and renal carcinomas remains disappointing. Of the tumors that metastasize less frequently to bone, testicular and ovarian neoplasms have demonstrated significant responsiveness to combination chemotherapy. Results with Hodgkin's disease, other lymphomas and multiple myeloma are reproducible and may provide palliation and extended survival. Metastatic melanoma, colon cancer and miscellaneous other carcinomas in bone are ordinarily refractory. The limitations of the current modes of assessing response to therapy in osseous lesions impede the ability to recognize and thus, capitalize on effective treatments. New drugs and new combinations of drugs hold promise for the future. PMID- 7049491 TI - The classic. On osteo-sarcoma, spina-ventosa, and tubercles in bone: Guillaume Dupuytren. PMID- 7049492 TI - Tc-99m DTPA uptake in soft tissue sarcoma. PMID- 7049493 TI - Correlation of I-125 iothalamate and tc-99m DPTA measurements of GFR using the single injection method. AB - Simultaneous renal imaging and determination of GFR can be obtained using Tc-99m DTPA. In order to assess the accuracy of the GFR value, a comparison was made between commercial sources of Tc-99m DTPA and I-125 iothalamate. The calculation assumed monoexponential loss of each radiopharmaceutical from the renal compartment. Plasma measurements were made at two sampling intervals, 90 to 120 minutes and 180 to 240 minutes. An apparent volume of distribution calculated for plasma concentrations at 2 hours and 3 hours was examined as a single sample indication of GFR. GFR values appear to be higher with DPTA than with iothalamate at the earlier interval. Choice of the later sampling times may be desirable for patients with known renal disease. The apparent volume of distribution at 3 hours may be a convenient single sample for monitoring or surveying patients for renal disease. PMID- 7049494 TI - Chronic renal disease. PMID- 7049495 TI - Recurrent miscarriage and preterm labour. PMID- 7049496 TI - Pre-pregnancy counselling of premalignant and malignant disease. PMID- 7049497 TI - Endocrine and metabolic disorders. PMID- 7049498 TI - Genetic disorders. PMID- 7049499 TI - Cardiovascular disorders and hypertension. PMID- 7049500 TI - Haematological disorders. PMID- 7049501 TI - Prophylaxis of neonatal conjunctivitis. An analytic review. AB - The recommendation by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) that erythromycin and tetracycline ointments, as well as silver nitrate solution, are acceptable regimens for prophylaxis of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum (GON) has resulted in widespread local review of policies for ocular prophylaxis. The data concerning the efficacy and side effects of these agents are somewhat confusing or nonexistent. We discuss the etiologies of neonatal conjunctivitis and the topical and systemic agents used for prophylaxis of GON. We also review all studies that have compared the efficacy of one prophylactic agent with that of another agent or with no prophylaxis. It is found that all three agents have similar efficacy in preventing GON, although silver nitrate has been used more extensively in populations at high risk for GON. However, since Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common infectious cause of neonatal conjunctivitis in the United States at this time, and erythromycin appears to be very effective in prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis due to C. trachomatis, it may have an advantage over the other two agents. In addition, erythromycin use is associated with fewer ocular reactions than is silver nitrate. PMID- 7049502 TI - Responses to captopril and hydrochlorothiazide in black patients with hypertension. AB - The effects of captopril (C) in doses of up to 450 mg/day, placebo (P), and hydrochlorothiazide (H) in doses of 50 to 100 mg/day were compared in double blind studies in 38 black patients. Mean blood pressure response to C was only slightly greater than to P (systolic response difference only). Mean blood pressure responses to H were greater than to C. Results were compared to available data on 185 white and black patients treated similarly. In white patients, response to C was greater than to P, but response to H was approximately equal to that to C. In black patients, results were of the same order as those reported here; the systolic response to C was greater than that to P and response to H was greater than that to C. These data suggest that black and white patients differ in response to certain antihypertensive drugs. PMID- 7049503 TI - Diphenhydramine: kinetics and psychomotor effects in elderly women. AB - Kinetics and sedative and psychomotor effects of diphenhydramine were investigated in elderly Caucasian women (greater than 64 yr. old). In a double blind trial, each of 12 healthy subjects received on one of three occasions 50 mg/70 kg IV or oral diphenhydramine HCl or oral placebo. Plasma levels of diphenhydramine were measured in six subjects and tests of sedation and psychomotor performance were performed hourly for 8 hr in all subjects. Kinetic analysis showed that the volume of distribution (295 +/- 50 [SEM] l/70 kg), clearance (42 +/- 5 l/70 kg/hr), and plasma t1/2 (4.9 +/- 0.7 hr) were of the same order as in young adults. As in young adults, there was minimal psychomotor impairment after oral and after intravenous diphenhydramine. In contrast to young adults, however, elderly women did not report significant sedation after diphenhydramine. These results suggest that diphenhydramine may not be an effective sedative/hypnotic in elderly women. PMID- 7049504 TI - Sulindac disposition when given once and twice daily. AB - To investigate whether sulindac once daily in the evening might be equivalent to the currently recommended twice-daily dose schedule in sustaining plasma concentrations of bioactive sulfide metabolite, 12 healthy subjects received, in a randomized crossover study, sulindac, 200 mg b.i.d. (at 9:00 A.M. and 9:00 P.M.) and 400 mg once daily (at 9:00 P.M.), each for 7 days. At steady state the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) over 24 hr for sulfide metabolite was greater after once-daily dosing (112 and 84 micrograms . hr . ml 1, P less than 0.05), while mean trough concentrations did not differ. The greater AUC seemed to be related to diurnal variation in metabolite cumulation. A circadian rhythm was apparent at steady state during twice-daily dosing; the mean AUC and peak plasma concentration (C(max)) were greater between 9 A.M. and 9 P.M. than between 9 P.M. and 9 A.M. (50 and 34 micrograms . hr . ml-1; 6.85 and 4.23 micrograms/ml). Although C(max) values of sulfide were higher after morning doses of sulindac, it was apparent that much of the plasma sulfide after morning doses was actually derived from the previous evening dose. This may be a consequence of circadian rhythm in gallbladder emptying. While renal clearance of sulindac was related to urinary pH, diurnal changes in urinary acidity did not cause the fluctuations in the plasma sulfide. Since once-daily sulindac in the evening is as, if not more, effective than twice-daily drug in sustaining plasma sulfide levels, further studies on the therapeutic efficacy of once-daily dosing are warranted. PMID- 7049505 TI - Removable partial denture. III. Reshaping teeth for denture construction. PMID- 7049506 TI - Normal immune responses in the gut and liver. PMID- 7049507 TI - Renal kallikrein activity and urinary kallikrein excretion in rats with experimental renal hypertension. AB - 1. Rats were made hypertensive by ligating the aorta between the origins of both renal arteries. Sham-operated animals served as controls. Urinary and renal kallikrein activities, as well as plasma and renal renin activities, were measured 8 and 90 days after surgery. 2. Blood pressure was 155 +/- 6 mmHg on day 8 after aortic ligature and 142 +/- 6 mmHg on day 90; in controls pressures were 107 +/- 3 and 110 +/- 5 mmHg respectively. 3. Eight days after aortic ligature, kallikrein activity in the ischaemic kidneys was about 6.5 times, and in the non ischaemic kidneys almost 2 times, that in controls. After 90 days the kallikrein activity was reduced to one-half of that in the controls in the ischaemic kidneys and it was normal in the contralateral. 4. The urinary kallikrein excretion of hypertensive rats was about one-third of that of the controls at both 8 and 90 days after aortic ligature. 5. The plasma renin activity in hypertensive rats was approximately seven times that in control animal 8 days after aortic ligature and did not differ from the control value after 90 days. Renin activity in the kidneys showed the same pattern as in other models of renovascular hypertension: elevation in the ischaemic kidney and reduction in the non-ischaemic one. PMID- 7049508 TI - Dependence of renal vasodilator effect of captopril on prevailing plasma renin level in the dog: influence of DOCA-salt treatment. AB - 1. The blood pressure and renal blood flow response to captopril (0.2 mg/kg, intravenously) was studied in low salt, normal, and high salt fed conscious dogs, and in a group of DOCA-salt treated dogs. 2. Mean arterial blood pressure was decreased and renal blood flow increased most in the low salt group, but significant changes were also obtained in the normal group. The high salt and DOCA-salt groups were only marginally affected by captopril. 3. When the data from all four groups of dogs were subjected to regression analysis, there was a significant relationship (r = 0.68) between the prevailing plasma renin activity and the increase in renal blood flow caused by captopril. 4. The results suggest that renal vasodilatation resulting from converting enzyme inhibition is mainly due to a decreased in the level of circulating angiotensin II, and that even in the normal conscious dog the prevailing plasma renin activity can affect blood pressure and renal blood flow. PMID- 7049509 TI - Inhaled aerosols: lung deposition and clinical applications. AB - Although aerosol deposition in the lungs is often considered in the context of industrial hygiene, aerosols also play an important clinical role. Three principal mechanisms (inertial impaction, gravitational sedimentation and Brownian diffusion) account for the majority of aerosol deposition in the lungs. Deposition depends upon the mode of inhalation, the nature of the particles and physical characteristics of the subject inhaling the particles. Radioaerosols are widely employed in measurements of total and regional deposition, and topographical distribution may also be determined. Aerosols play an important role in the treatment of various forms of respiratory disease, with bronchodilators for the therapy of asthma being particularly important. On average only 10% of the therapeutic aerosol dose actually reaches the lungs. The rate of removal of insoluble radioaerosols deposited in the lungs may be used as an index of mucociliary transport. Aerosols are also used in a variety of other diagnostic and research procedures, particularly for ventilation scanning, alveolar clearance, measurement of alveolar permeability, and for measuring the size of pulmonary air space. PMID- 7049510 TI - Quantitative comparison of 99Tcm-aerosol and 81Krm ventilation images. AB - Quantitative indices are described for assessing the distribution of ventilation imaging agents (radioaerosols, in particular) within the lung. They have been applied to images obtained with 99Tcm aerosol particles (0.5-2.0 micrometer diameter) and with 81Krm gas in 12 patients with a wide range of lung function. In patients with normal lung function aerosol distribution was similar to that of 81Krm. In patients with airways obstruction, the aerosol tended to penetrate less well than 81Krm to the lung periphery and to show a less homogeneous distribution there. Quantitative analysis confirms that the aerosol technique is an effective substitute for 81Krm in patients with normal lung function. When lung function is impaired aerosol images may still be valuable particularly in confirming a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism though they must be interpreted with caution in attempting to exclude that diagnosis. We conclude that small particle radioactive aerosols provide a readily available ventilation technique for clinical ventilation-perfusion imaging. PMID- 7049511 TI - Biotelemetric detection of the disappearance of subcutaneously injected 125I-NPH insulin. AB - A biotelemetric method with Geiger-Muller (GM) detectors fixed to the skin surface was used for continuous registration of the disappearance rate of subcutaneously injected 125I-NPH insulin. Methodological problems concerning counting geometry were investigated by comparing the disappearance of radioactivity, measured the GM- and NaI-detectors, respectively, and by scanning of the radioactive source. The size and position of the subcutaneous depot was unchanged throughout the study. Movement artifacts could be avoided. The coefficient of variation for distribution of ratios between count rates for GM- and NaI-detectors was 3.0% +/- 1.1 (SD) (range 0.9-4.0%) over periods of 24 h. It is concluded that the biotelemetry technique proved to be a clinically useful procedure for insulin absorption studies. PMID- 7049512 TI - Effect of bicycle exercise on insulin absorption and subcutaneous blood flow in the normal subject. AB - Elimination of 8 units 125I-insulin and 99mTc-pertechnetate from a subcutaneous depot on the thigh or the abdomen was studied at rest and during intense bicycle exercise in healthy postabsorptive volunteers. Disappearance rates of the tracers as well as plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were determined before, during and after the 20 min exercise period, and compared to corresponding values obtained during a non-exercise, control study on another day. Leg exercise caused a two-fold increase in the rate of 125I-insulin disappearance from a leg depot (first-order rate constants rose from 0.68 +/- 0.15 to 1.12 +/- 0.12% . min-1, P less than 0.05), but had no significant effect on the rate of disappearance from an abdominal depot (rate constants were 0.75 +/- 0.17 and 0.87 +/- 0.18% . min-1 at rest and during exercise, respectively). 99mTC-pertechnetate clearance from leg or abdomen showed no significant change during exercise, indicating that subcutaneous blood flow was unaltered. Leg, but not abdominal, injection of insulin was associated with a greater rise in plasma insulin during exercise than at rest. The average difference between exercise and control insulin area-under curve in the leg group (1426 +/- 594% . min) was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than that from the abdominal group (298 +/- 251% . min). When the data from the two study groups were pooled, a direct relationship was found to exist between the change in 125I-insulin disappearance rate and the change in plasma insulin concentration (r = 0.61, P less than 0.02). Plasma glucose levels fell throughout the observation period both during the exercise and the control study, following leg as well as abdominal injection. The glucose decremental area was greater during exercise than at rest both following leg (P less than 0.05) and abdominal injection (P less than 0.01). The exercise-induced mean reduction in plasma glucose was 60% lower following abdominal injection, but this difference was not significant. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate that, in healthy subjects in the postabsorptive state (a) intense physical exercise of short duration can accelerate the absorption of subcutaneously injected insulin; (b) the effect is more pronounced at injection sites near the exercising parts; (c) an increase in subcutaneous blood flow is not the main reason for this effect. PMID- 7049513 TI - [Use of ibuprofen cream in ambulatory orthopedic patients. Double-blind comparison with placebo]. PMID- 7049514 TI - Microbiology: microbial antigen detection. PMID- 7049515 TI - Immunology: current and future technology assessment. PMID- 7049516 TI - Neonatal hypocalcemia and related conditions. PMID- 7049517 TI - Antibody-mediated perinatal diseases. PMID- 7049518 TI - Exchange transfusion. PMID- 7049519 TI - Bilirubin measurements in neonates. PMID- 7049520 TI - Detection of free bilirubin and estimation of reserve albumin binding capacity. PMID- 7049521 TI - Antenatal and neonatal bacterial infections: pathogenesis, significance, and diagnosis. PMID- 7049523 TI - Disorders of the endocrine system. PMID- 7049522 TI - An overview of perinatal clinical pharmacology. PMID- 7049524 TI - Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 7049525 TI - Instrumentation and techniques for therapeutic drug monitoring. PMID- 7049526 TI - Tricyclic antidepressants and lithium. PMID- 7049527 TI - Therapeutic drug monitoring of theophylline, salicylates, and acetaminophen. PMID- 7049528 TI - Antimicrobial therapeutic drug monitoring. PMID- 7049529 TI - Asters, poles, and transport properties within spindlelike microtubule arrays. PMID- 7049530 TI - Desmin- and vimentin-containing filaments and their role inthe assembly of the Z disk in muscle cells. PMID- 7049531 TI - Differentiation-related patterns of expression of proteins of intermediate-size filaments in tissues and cultured cells. PMID- 7049532 TI - Structural organization of the cytoplasm. PMID- 7049533 TI - Relationships between microfilaments, cell-substratum adhesion, and fibronectin. PMID- 7049534 TI - Flagellum as a model system for studying dynamic cell-surface events. PMID- 7049535 TI - Receptor-mediated endocytosis by clathrin-coated vesicles: evidence for a dynamic pathway. PMID- 7049536 TI - Microinjection of anticlathrin antibodies into cultured fibroblasts: clathrin coated structures in receptor-mediated endocytosis and in exocytosis. PMID- 7049537 TI - Mapping structural proteins of cultured cells by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 7049538 TI - Characterization and ultrastructural role of the major components of the intestinal microvillus cytoskeleton. PMID- 7049539 TI - Regulation by and of calmodulin in mammalian cells. PMID- 7049540 TI - Nuclear lamina and the structural organization of the nuclear envelope. PMID- 7049541 TI - Molecular and cellular effects of heat-shock and related treatments of mammalian tissue-culture cells. PMID- 7049542 TI - Function of cytoplasmic fibers in syncytia. PMID- 7049543 TI - The management of diabetes in pregnancy. PMID- 7049544 TI - Ultrasound in obstetrics. PMID- 7049545 TI - Immunology of abortion and preeclampsia. PMID- 7049546 TI - Collagen molecules comprised of alpha 1(V)-chains (B-chains): an apparent localization in the exocytoskeleton. AB - Antibodies specific for alpha 1(V) chains and native collagen molecules containing the alpha 1(V) chain have been used to study the localization of alpha 1(V)-containing molecules in differentiating hyaline cartilage. Immunofluorescence data show that the undifferentiated mesenchyme contains significant quantities of these molecules throughout the cell-rich tissue matrix. Examination of fully differentiated hyaline cartilage reveals a unique staining pattern wherein the immunofluorescent material is restricted to the pericellular matrix within the chondrocyte lacunae. We conclude from these data in conjunction with other evidence that the Type V collagens function as components of an exocytoskeleton for connective tissue cells. PMID- 7049547 TI - Fibronectin: current concepts of its structure and functions. PMID- 7049548 TI - Cell biology and biochemistry of endochondral bone development. PMID- 7049549 TI - Osteogenesis imperfecta: promising beginnings and continuing challenges. PMID- 7049550 TI - Interactions of lipopolysaccharides, glycolipid, lipid A with acid soluble basement membrane collagen during thermal aggregation. AB - Lipopolysaccharides derived from a number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella species were incorporated into thermal aggregates acid soluble basement membrane collagens. Although most of these endotoxins were noted to inhibit basement membrane collagen aggregation, some lipopolysaccharides possessed little or no inhibitory properties. However, the lipid A derived from all of the latter lipopolysaccharides and the glycolipid from Salmonella minnesota R595 were noted to be significant inhibitors of acid soluble basement membrane collagen aggregation. These data suggest that the nonpolar region of the endotoxin molecule is responsible for the inhibition of acid soluble basement membrane collagen assemblies and that these intermolecular interactions probably occur with the hydrophobic globular domain of acid soluble basement membrane collagens. PMID- 7049551 TI - Fibronectin: its relationship to basement membranes. II. Ultrastructural studies in rat kidney. AB - Fibronectin, basement membrane and type I collagen antigens have been localized in normal rat kidney by electron immunohistochemical methods. Immunoreactive fibronectin was found in the interstitial connective tissue matrix and on collagen fibers, while tubular, endothelial and smooth muscle basement membranes throughout the kidney were consistently negative. In the glomerulus immunoreactive fibronectin was abundant in the mesangial matrix. The peripheral glomerular basement membrane was occasionally reactive in a spotty, irregular manner. These findings suggest that fibronectin antigens are probably not a constituent of basement membranes. It is proposed that some fibronectin antigen may be trapped in the glomerular filter, and that normal glomerular cleansing mechanisms would transport this trapped fibronectin toward the mesangial areas where it would be eventually processed. PMID- 7049552 TI - Glucocorticoids and collagen synthesis: comparison of in vivo and cell culture studies. PMID- 7049553 TI - The extracellular matrix of the liver. PMID- 7049554 TI - Collagen cross-linking. PMID- 7049555 TI - Endemic fluorosis and partial defluoridation of water supplies - A public health concern in Kenya. AB - Endemic fluorosis is a public health problem in many parts of Kenya due to high fluoride content in the drinking water. The Kenyan Government is committed to development of water sources with the object of supplying safe and sufficient water to the entire population by the year 2000. This water will contain high amounts of fluoride thereby increasing the incidence of severe endemic fluorosis in Kenya. Development of procedures for partial defluoridation should therefore be considered. Various defluoridation methods adopted in different places affected with endemic fluorosis are reviewed in the present article, with special reference to problems of operation and limitations in their application. PMID- 7049556 TI - Use of adhesive sealants over occlusal carious lesions: radiographic evaluation. PMID- 7049557 TI - "The rise and fall" of dental caries: some global aspects of dental caries epidemiology. AB - The purpose of this paper was to review some global aspects of dental caries epidemiology. Existing data show that caries activity has increased, often rapidly, in developing countries in recent years while marked reductions have occurred in some industrialized countries during the last 10-15 years. Changes in the prevalence of a multifactorial disease like dental caries are difficult to explain but the obvious ones seem to coincide either with increased intake or refined sugar-containing products or with increased use of fluorides. Furthermore it would appear that restorative treatment along has little impact on caries activity when viewed in a life long perspective. Experience, the existing geographic distribution of oral health problems and resources to cope with them suggest an urgent need for co-operation in dental education and research between developing and industrialized countries to develop acceptable cost-effective preventive programs in countries where caries activity is higher or increasing rapidly. PMID- 7049558 TI - Insulin-like proteins during the development of the pancreas in the Brazilian opossum Didelphis albiventris. PMID- 7049559 TI - Isolation and characterization of the haemolymph lipoproteins of Triatoma infestans. AB - 1. Three lipoproteins differing in hydrated densities were isolated by ultracentrifugal procedures from the haemolymph of adult and fasted Triatoma infestans. 2. They are the high density lipoprotein HDL (d = 1.115-1.152) and the two very high density lipoproteins VHDL-I (d = 1.190-1.231) and VHDL-II (d = 1.245-1.260). HDL was the predominant lipoprotein. 3. The total lipid content expressed as % of lipoprotein weight in HDL, VHDL-I an VHDL-II was 30.1, 7.8 ad 2.9% respectively. Diacylglycerols are the predominant lipids of HDL (38.7%) and VHDL-I (27.0%) but only amount of 6.2% in VHDL-II. 4. Triacylglycerols are minor components (about 6.0%) of all fractions. 5. The phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine), sterols, sterol esters and hydrocarbons were present in all lipoprotein fractions. 6. Phospholipids and hydrocarbons were the most abundant lipids of VHDL-II. PMID- 7049560 TI - Computer-assisted measurement of the thickness of biological structures. AB - A digitizer-microcomputer method has been developed for the determination of the average thickness or width of biological structures of a relatively long, thin nature. Test models were used to confirm the accuracy and reproducibility of the method. Although the method does not eliminate all subjectivity (e.g., estimation of pericyte areas in capillaries) or human error (i.e., stability of the tracing) it does not involve the tedium and subjectivity of repeated individual measurements and estimations of ruler-type measurements. It furthermore allows for more rapid measurements than other methods currently in use. The method provides a precise, quick, reproducible, relatively non-subjective method for routine analyses. The system used is relatively inexpensive and readily available. PMID- 7049561 TI - A methodology for construction of a multivariate diagnostic instrument: an application to alcohol abuse screening. PMID- 7049562 TI - Error sensitivity of computerized tomography guided stereotaxis. PMID- 7049563 TI - Computer program for storage and retrieval of the nucleic acid structures: storing and updating of transfer RNA sequences - drawing of the secondary structure for transfer RNA by computer. AB - The availability of a large number of tRNA sequences has created a need for computer programs to store the data. A program written in FORTRAN language allows one to store tRNA sequences and to retrieve information. The data are stored in such a way that it allows a direct comparison of various tRNA sequences. Moreover, the program draws the 'cloverleaf' structure of any stored tRNA sequence and also provides the characteristics of minor, modified nucleosides and major references. Additions and corrections to the program and stored data can be made easily and an individual does not need computer programming skills to use the program. PMID- 7049564 TI - [Early nursing textbooks in Germany - "Establishment of modern nursing" by Anna Sticker. (1)]. PMID- 7049565 TI - The occlusal spectrum and complete dentures. PMID- 7049566 TI - Rationale and technique for composite resin restorations. Part III. Principle of cavity design and restoration. PMID- 7049567 TI - An atlas of acquired dental defects. PMID- 7049568 TI - An interdisciplinary approach to complete dentures over the ramus frame implant. PMID- 7049569 TI - A clinical trial of norethisterone oenanthate (Norigest) injected every two months. AB - A clinical trial was carried out in which Norigest (200 mg norethisterone oenanthate) was administered by intramuscular injection every 56 days into 383 women studied for 5,521 woman-months of use. No pregnancies occurred. Continuation rates at the end of one, two and three years were 76.6%, 63.7% and 33.8%. Only minor side-effects were recorded. After one year of use, 20.1% women had gained more than 2 kg in weight and 14.8% had lost more than 2 kg. There was marked disruption of the menstrual pattern and irregular bleeding was the major cause of discontinuation. In 38% of the injection intervals analysed, women were amenorrhoeic. Norigest proved an effective and acceptable method of fertility control. PMID- 7049570 TI - Elevated blood pressure following LHRH antagonists in rats. AB - LHRH and three potent antagonistic analogs: z-[Gln1, des-His2,D-Pse6,des-Gly10] LHRH ethylamide, where D-Pse = threo-D-phenylserine; z-[Gln1,des-His2,D-Phe6,des Gly10]-LHRH ethylamide; and Boc-[Ser(Bzl)1,des-His2,D-Trp6]-LHRH; were studied for their effects on blood pressure and heart rate in chronically catheterized conscious normotensive and hypertensive rats. All three analogs caused acute increases in blood pressure in normotensive male Sprague-Dawley rats; the z-Gln Phenylalanine derivative also raised blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats of Kyoto-Wistar origin. LHRH itself had no effect in either normotensive or hypertensive animals. The antagonistic analogs were also associated with acute toxicity. It is concluded that the antagonist analogs of LHRH, unlike LHRH itself, have significant acute cardiovascular effects in rats. Although the mechanism of these effects is not known nor is it known whether they occur in other species, the present data emphasize the need to define further the pharmacological profiles of these potent, biologically active materials. PMID- 7049571 TI - A simple high-throughput enzymeimmunoassay for norethisterone (norethindrone). AB - A direct enzymeimmunoassay having the sensitivity required for determining norethisterone concentrations in small aliquots of plasma (10 microliter) has been developed. This assay featured a solid phase antiserum raised against a norethisterone-11 alpha-hemisuccinyl/bovine serum albumin conjugate. The antiserum was coupled to cyanogen bromide-activated magnetisable cellulose, and antibody-bound and free fractions were separated by a simple magnetic device. A norethisterone/horseradish peroxidase conjugate was used as the label; o phenylenediamine/hydrogen peroxide being the substrate for colour development. The results obtained by this direct EIA, which allowed processing of at least 100 samples per day, were compared with those of a well-validated enzymeimmunoassay featuring solvent extraction and centrifugal separation of antibody-bound and free steroid; the results were in excellent agreement (n = 30; r greater than 0.99) suggesting the usefulness of the simple high-throughput procedure for processing the large sample numbers generated by field investigations and pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 7049572 TI - First Conrad Berens memorial lecture 1968: Contributions to ophthalmology by contact lens research and development by Louis J. Girard. PMID- 7049573 TI - Mathematical modeling and simulation of the postural control loop: Part I. PMID- 7049574 TI - Present status of high frequency ventilation. PMID- 7049576 TI - Diversity in the routing and regulation of complex biochemical pathways as indicators of microbial relatedness. PMID- 7049575 TI - Blastomycosis. AB - Blastomycosis is the infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis. The fungus was believed to be limited in distribution to North America but is found in Africa and northern South America, too. The exact natural habitat of B. dermatitidis is still uncertain with only rare reported isolation of the fungus from the environment. The inability to recover the organism from nature along with the absence of both a reliable skin test antigen and a sensitive serological test have significantly restricted our understanding of the epidemiology and the full clinical spectrum of blastomycosis. An accidental laboratory infection and several common source epidemics have enabled us to recognize that blastomycosis may be a self-limited pulmonary infection. Endogenous reactivation and opportunistic infections have been newly appreciated as clinical presentations of blastomycosis. This report will review blastomycosis with particular emphasis on these recent developments. PMID- 7049577 TI - Microbial ecology and activities in the rumen: Part II. PMID- 7049578 TI - Short- and long-term effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on mouse pancreatic islet B cell function in vitro. AB - Dimethylsulfoxide has been used as a cryoprotectant for the endocrine pancreas. To explore possible harmful effects of Me2SO influenced neither glucose stimulated insulin release, nor islet glucose oxidation. On the other hand, 1 M but not 0.25 M Me2SO decreased glucose-stimulated (pro)insulin and total protein biosynthesis in acute experiments. In islet culture experiments with Me2SO supplemented culture media there was no obvious effects on glucose-stimulated (pro)insulin biosynthesis. It is suggested that Me2SO in the range 0.01-0.5 M does not affect islet B-cell function in vitro. PMID- 7049579 TI - Ginger--chemistry, technology, and quality evaluation: part 1. AB - Ginger is used in more ways than any other spice. This monograph, published in two parts, comprehensively reviews production, trade, processing, chemistry, and evaluation of quality. Botany, world varieties, agronomy, crop improvement and potential are reviewed briefly with emphasis on the yield of functional components. Processing for the market, international trade patterns, and factors influencing them are discussed. Derived products such as ginger powder, syruped ginger, volatile oil, and oleoresin are discussed in greater detail. The increasing world demand for quality products of added value such as the oleoresin and volatile oil show prospects for their production in the growing countries. The chemistry of the components which contribute aroma and pungency that characterize ginger is critically reviewed. The second part deals with evaluation of quality. The physico-chemical parameters prescribed as a measure of quality for ginger and its products in the existing standards can assure only hygienic quality and purity, and possibly the source, when new parameters such as GC fingerprints are included. The importance of sensorily evaluating flavor quality is emphasized to understand the variation in flavor quality required by the industrial and retail markets. Related areas, such as problems in sensory evaluation of intense flavored substances, objective flavor profile analysis, and correlation of instrumental and sensory data, are discussed and our recent work in this area is summarized. Areas where more research are needed are indicated. Other areas briefly discussed are functional, physiological, and toxicological properties in use of ginger; biosynthetic aspects of the components stimulating flavor; and structure and pungency and chemistry of spices from allied species and genera. A comprehensive bibliography is provided to aid in further study and research. PMID- 7049580 TI - Immunological characterization of calf lens gamma-crystallins, separated by preparative isoelectric focusing. AB - Calf gamma-crystallins were separated by preparative flat-bed isoelectric focusing and characterized according to their immunological properties, molecular weights and isoelectric points. Immunologically 4 different groups of gamma crystallins (gamma 1a-1d-crystallin) could be detected. The main immunological component, the gamma 1b-crystallin corresponds to two polypeptides with molecular weights of 20,500 and 22,000. The two minor components, the gamma 1c- and gamma 1d-crystallin, are immunologically partial identical with the main component gamma 1b-crystallin. One of these minor components, the gamma 1d-crystallin, has a MW of 29,000. The 4th antigen (gamma 1a-crystallin), which has a MW of 21,000, seems to have only remote relationship with the major gamma-crystallin component. PMID- 7049581 TI - A method for the intraocular injection of micro-volumes in small animal species. AB - A method has been developed for the intraocular administration of small volumes (0.5-1.5 microliters) in small animal species such as guniea pigs and rats. The method was found to yield reproducible injection volumes and resulted in minimal ocular trauma. The aqueous humor of eyes injected with saline contained normal levels of protein and was free of white blood cells. Responses to Prostaglandin E2 and E.Coli endotoxin were dose-dependent and as expected. PMID- 7049582 TI - Methyldopa in the elderly hypertensive. AB - The on-going study by the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly (EWPHE) is described and the results in patients receiving either placebo or active treatment (hydrochlorothiazide plus triamterene, with the addition of methyldopa if necessary) are discussed. Over the 5-year period assessed, there has been a reduction in sitting blood pressure in both groups, but to a significantly greater extent in those receiving active treatment. No statistically significant differences in morbidity and mortality between the groups has been noted and there have been very few reports of side-effects or intolerance. PMID- 7049583 TI - Two-dose comparison of chlormezanone in sleep disturbance due to anxiety. AB - A double-blind, crossover, multi-centre study was carried out in general practice on 76 patients with mild neurotic anxiety and associated sleep disturbance to compare the effectiveness of chlormezanone given as a single night-time dose of 200 mg or 400 mg, each given for a period of 1 week. There was a significant improvement in the quality and duration of sleep with both dosages, and this was significantly greater with the higher dose. Both doses produced a similarly significant improvement in the frequency of awakening refreshed, and reduction in anxiety rating. The higher dose was considered overall more effective, and significantly more patients preferred it. PMID- 7049584 TI - A double-blind, crossover study of acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride diuretic in Sudanese patients with essential hypertension. AB - A double-blind, crossover study was carried out in 32 Sudanese patients with essential hypertension to assess the effectiveness of single daily doses of 400 mg acebutolol when given alone and in combination with single daily doses of hydroclorothiazide/amiloride diuretic. The results show that in both groups there was a statistically significant reduction in systolic and diastolic levels throughout the treatment period. After crossover at 6 weeks, those patients initiated on acebutolol alone showed a further reduction in both systolic and diastolic pressures when the hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride combination was added. Both treatment regimens were well-tolerated and only a few side-effects were reported. PMID- 7049585 TI - Double-blind comparison of meptazinol (200 mg) and dextropropoxyphene/paracetamol in a multi-centre, general practice setting. AB - A multi-centre, double-blind, double-dummy trial was carried out in general practice to compare the effectiveness and tolerance of oral meptazinol with dextropropoxyphene/paracetamol in patients with acute or chronic painful conditions. Patients received doses of 400 mg meptazinol or 65 mg dextropropoxyphene plus 650 mg paracetamol every 3 to 6 hours as required up to a maximum of 4 doses per day over a period of 14 days. No significant difference in analgesic efficacy, as assessed by the patients on a visual analogue pain rating scale, was found between the two treatments. The results are discussed in terms of the benefit/risk ration of polypharmic and single compound drugs. PMID- 7049586 TI - Clenbuterol ("Spiropent'): a long-acting bronchodilator. AB - Clenbuterol was compared to an aminophylline preparation in a double-blind crossover trial involving 47 patients with asthma and reversible airways obstruction. Following a 2-week control period, each drug was given for a 4-week period. The patients made daily records of the severity of symptoms and recorded PEFR morning and night. Both drugs produced a highly significant reduction in severity and duration of wheeze by day during the first 4 weeks, but only clenbuterol produced further significant reduction in these symptoms during the second 4 weeks. Only clenbuterol produced a significant reduction in the severity of wheeze at night. When clenbuterol was given first there was a significant increase in the mean PEFR both night and morning but no other significant changes with either drug at other periods. Combining the results from the two treatment groups showed a significant difference between them in favour of clenbuterol in respect of duration of daytime wheeze only (p less than 0.05). PMID- 7049587 TI - Potassium conservation with amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide ("Moduret') in thiazide induced hypokalaemia in hypertension. AB - A double-blind study was carried out in 24 hypertensive patients with thiazide induced hypokalaemia (serum potassium less than 3.2 mmol/l) to compare the effects of treatment with an amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide combination or hydrochlorothiazide alone. The study was divided into three phases: (i) potassium repletion (Weeks 0 to 4) with oral potassium chloride (40 mmol/day), (ii) stabilization (Weeks 4 to 6) of normokalaemia, and (iii) active drug treatment (Weeks 6 to 14), patients being allocated at random to receive one or other of the two treatments. Dosage was 2 tablets per day of the 5 mg amiloride plus 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide combination or of 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide alone. The results showed that blood pressure control was comparable in both treatment groups but hydrochlorothiazide alone caused a statistically significant reduction in serum potassium levels compared to the drug combination. Apart from 1 patient who developed hypokalaemia on hydrochlorothiazide alone, no other side-effects of treatment were reported. PMID- 7049588 TI - A 3-month, double-blind study of proglumetacin and naproxen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A double-blind clinical trial was carried out on 2 parallel groups each of 20 in and out-patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis, to compare the efficacy and tolerance of proglumetacin, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, with naproxen. Each patient received daily either 300 mg proglumetacin or 500 mg naproxen in two divided doses, at meals, over a period of 3 months. The whilst both drugs were effective in the long-term treatment of chronic rheumatoid arthritis, proglumetacin appeared to be somewhat more effective than naproxen in reducing the duration of morning stiffness, the articular inflammation score index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the dosage of concomitant basic medication. Few side-effects were reported but 1 of the 2 patients in the naproxen group who developed allergic reactions had to be withdrawn during the first few days of treatment. PMID- 7049589 TI - Hypertensive emergencies: recognition and management. PMID- 7049590 TI - Benign strictures of the esophagus. PMID- 7049591 TI - The assessment of abdominal and pelvic neoplasia: the impact of CT. PMID- 7049592 TI - Treatment of psoriasis with amcinonide 0.1 percent and fluocinonide 0.05 percent ointments. A comparative double-blind study. AB - Fifty psoriatic patients enrolled in a three week, double-blind, randomized, parallel study were treated either with amcinonide ointment 0.1 percent twice a day or fluocinonide ointment 0.05 percent three times a day. After Week 1 of treatment, no statistically significant differences appeared between the two groups with regard to improvement in signs and symptoms of psoriasis. After Week 3, improvement in all efficacy parameters, except erythema, and in Total Scores in both groups was greater than 50 percent as compared to baseline evaluations. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatment groups. Only one patient in each group reported an adverse experience that could have been drug-related. Amcinonide ointment used twice a day and fluocinonide ointment used three times a day were judged comparable with regard to safety and clinical efficacy. Amcinonide may be considered to have some advantage over fluocinonide because its twice a day treatment schedule makes it more convenient for patients to use. PMID- 7049593 TI - Transplantation of the pancreas. A review. PMID- 7049594 TI - Transplantation of the pancreas. A case history. PMID- 7049595 TI - The cardiovascular effect of positive end-expiratory pressure. PMID- 7049596 TI - Single breath diffusing capacity in the industrial setting. PMID- 7049597 TI - Massive hemoptysis and tension pneumothorax following pulmonary artery catheterization. AB - We report a case of massive hemoptysis and bilateral tension pneumothorax immediately following placement of a fiberoptic pulmonary artery catheter. We postulate air entry into a traumatic communication caused by the catheter, traversing a parenchymal artery, the contiguous airspace and the interstitial space. Dissection of air through the perivascular sheath and into tissue planes of the thorax and abdomen followed. This sequence was rapidly fatal. Tension pneumothorax should be considered if dynamic respiratory system compliance remains poor despite aggressive evacuation of blood from the trachea of a patient with a recently inserted balloon-type catheter. PMID- 7049598 TI - Pituitary adenomas and other tumors: review in perspective of diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7049599 TI - Craniopharyngioma. PMID- 7049600 TI - Chemotherapy for medulloblastoma in children. Current status and future prospects. PMID- 7049601 TI - [Modeling, by swallowing, the prosthetic space in the edentulous mandible with ridge resorption]. PMID- 7049602 TI - [Ambroise Pare and dentistry]. PMID- 7049603 TI - [Ambroise Pare and dentistry]. PMID- 7049604 TI - [Ambroise Pare and dentistry]. PMID- 7049605 TI - [Waxing technic using addition]. PMID- 7049606 TI - [Mixed prosthesis and occlusion]. PMID- 7049607 TI - [Partial dentures restoring Kennedy class I and II edentulousness in gnathology]. PMID- 7049608 TI - [Significance of parabolic crowns in the framework of gnathologic ideas in the treatment of partial edentulousness]. PMID- 7049609 TI - [Preprosthetic tissue, neuromuscular and joint therapy does not engender neuropsychological factors]. PMID- 7049610 TI - [Gnathology and anatomic teeth for the complete dentures]. PMID- 7049612 TI - [Vertical dimension in dental prosthetics]. PMID- 7049611 TI - [Vertical dimension in dental prostheses]. PMID- 7049613 TI - [The shaped clasp, with two arms and occlusal support]. PMID- 7049614 TI - [Evaluation of the activity of a antibiotic-anti-inflammatory agent combination by studying the gingival fluid]. PMID- 7049615 TI - [Intratendineous suture in experimental studies]. PMID- 7049616 TI - [In memorian: Prof. Hieronim Strzyzewski]. PMID- 7049617 TI - [Ireneusz Wierzejewski (1881-1930)]. PMID- 7049618 TI - [Scientific writings of Ireneusz Wierzejewski]. PMID- 7049619 TI - [Mattress suture treatment for insufficiency of the cervix uteri (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049620 TI - [SEM observation of the effect of ultrasonic scaling on the enamel surface (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049621 TI - [Immunofluorescent observation of T4 in endemic goiter tissue (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049622 TI - [Experimental infection of Anopheles sinensis of Zhengzhou and Xingang Districts with Plasmodium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049623 TI - [Outbreak of leptospirosis due to migration of field rodents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049624 TI - [Immunofluorescence detection of antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) and its application in the localization of urinary tract infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049625 TI - Adrenergic modulation of gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion in man. AB - In order to examine the effect of adrenergic influences on gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) secretion, a series of glucose tolerance tests was carried out in seven healthy volunteers during intravenous infusion of epinephrine (6 microgram/min), epinephrine plus phentolamine (5 mg stat + 0.5 mg/min), epinephrine plus propranolol (5 mg stat + 0.08 mg/min), and saline. No drug infusion modified fasting GIP levels. Alpha-adrenergic stimulation (epinephrine + propranolol) significantly reduced the GIP response (P less than 0.02) and completely inhibited the insulin response (P less than 0.005) to oral glucose, compared with control experiments. Epinephrine alone and epinephrine + phentolamine did not influence glucose-stimulated GIP. These results suggest the possibility that the adrenergic nervous system may have a role in the regulation of GIP secretion in man. PMID- 7049626 TI - Structural features of the rat small intestinal microvillus membrane in acute experimental diabetes. AB - Experimentally induced diabetes enhances the specific activity of several microvillus membrane proteins in the rat small intestine. The increase in the specific activity of sucrase-isomaltase has been shown by others to be due to an increase in enzyme protein, raising the possibility that diabetes induces a generalized increase in microvillus membrane proteins. Since intramembrane particles (IMPs) seen on freeze-fracture replicas of microvillus membranes are thought to represent integral membrane proteins, we compared microvillus IMP densities in diabetic rats with those in control rats. In addition, mucosal sucrase, maltase, and alkaline phosphatase specific activities were measured in all animals. Diabetic rats had significantly increased sucrase and maltase but not alkaline phosphatase specific activities compared with control rats. The density of microvillus IMPs on both the protoplasmic and extracellular fracture faces of undifferentiated crypt cells and villus absorptive cells was not increased in experimental diabetes. These data indicate that diabetes does not result in a generalized increase in microvillus membrane proteins. Thus the enhanced activity of microvillus membrane proteins in diabetes appears to be highly selective. PMID- 7049628 TI - Plasma lipids and microangiopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - The relationship of plasma levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I and A-II (the major apolipoproteins in HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose to microangiopathy was evaluated in 49 insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Although the HDL cholesterol/LDL cholesterol ratio (a risk determinant for macroangiopathy) was lower in women with proteinuria, no other relationships between HDL cholesterol or the A apolipoproteins and renal microangiography were found. The only independent association between HDL and retinal microangiopathy was found in women, where an inverse correlation was found between the apo A-I/apo A-II ratio and the number of microaneurysms (rs = -0.561, P less than 0.05). Men showed strong relationships of glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol to renal microangiopathy whereas women, in general, had stronger correlations of these variables with retinal microangiopathy. Thus, several alterations in lipoprotein cholesterol distribution and HDL composition are associated with diabetic microangiopathy. In addition, differences between sexes suggest that previously undescribed hormonal factors may influence the severity of this process. PMID- 7049629 TI - The effectiveness of rectal administration of insulin suppository on normal and diabetic subjects. AB - The effectiveness of insulin administration by rectal suppository was examined in normal and non-insulin-dependent nonobese diabetic subjects. A 100-U insulin suppository (mean 1.8 U/kg) given to the diabetic subjects caused four times as great a fall in plasma glucose compared with the normal subjects given the same dose (mean 1.6 U/kg). The insulin response after suppository administration demonstrated a significantly positive correlation (r = 0.83, P less than 0.01) with the plasma glucose level before administration. Diabetic subjects given a 100-U insulin suppository (mean 1.7 U/kg) 15 min after meals three times daily showed a significant (P less than 0.05) improvement in postprandial hyperglycemia accompanied by a restoration of the normal circadian profile of plasma IRI and a reduction of urinary glucose from 26 +/- 5.9 to 2.0 +/- 1.0 g/day. No untoward reactions were observed. These data strongly imply a unique characteristic of the insulin suppository in spite of low bioavailability. PMID- 7049630 TI - Reduced albuminuria during early and aggressive antihypertensive treatment of insulin-dependent diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. AB - Urinary albumin excretion rate (radial immunodiffusion), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (single-shot 51Cr-EDTA technique), and arterial blood pressure (BP) were measured in 12 juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetic patients with persistent proteinuria (greater than 0.5 g/day) due to diabetic nephropathy. Mean age of the patients was 30 yr. All patients had a diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg. Metoprolol, hydralazine, and furosemide or thiazide were used as antihypertensives. During the 12-mo treatment period, BP decreased from 151/104 to 133/85 mm Hg (P less than 0.001), the urinary albumin excretion rate diminished from 1447 to 613 micrograms/min (P less than 0.005), and GFR declined from 96 to 89 ml/in/1.73 m2 (P less than 0.01). A linear relationship between mean blood pressure and the logarithm of the albuminuria was found (r = 0.48, P less than 0.01). Arterial hypertension is an early feature of diabetic nephropathy in young insulin-dependent patients. Early and aggressive treatment of that condition decreases albuminuria, probably due to reduced intraglomerular filtration pressure. Whether sustained reduction in arterial blood pressure to near-normal levels during several years also reduces the rate of decline in GFR in diabetic nephropathy remains to be established. PMID- 7049627 TI - Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of cholesterol cholelithiasis. Part II. PMID- 7049631 TI - Plasma glucose and insulin after fructose an high-fructose corn syrup meals in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - The impact on plasma glucose of 35 g of fructose or an equicaloric amount (43.75 g) of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) (as part of a 400-calorie meal) was measured in six patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Blood samples were collected periodically at all points for all patients for 3 h for plasma glucose (PG) and insulin (IRI) determinations. The mean peak PG increment was higher after the HFCS meal (66.5 mg/dl) than after the fructose meals (45.5 mg/dl). When increase in the mean plasma glucose concentration (delta PG) after the fructose meals were compared with the delta PG after the HFCS meals, there was statistical significance at 15 min (P less than 0.02) and 30 min (P less than 0.05). The total areas under the 3-h curves of mean delta PG showed a highly significant (P less than 0.001) difference between the fructose meal (5601 planimetry U) compared with the HFCS meal (8023 planimetry U). Mean changes in IRI after meals with either sweetener were comparable. These findings suggest that fructose is superior to HFCS as a sweetening agent in patients with NIDDM. PMID- 7049632 TI - Glucose intolerance and aging. AB - Glucose tolerance is known to decrease with advancing age. This decline begins in the third or fourth decade of life and is progressive throughout the entire adult life span. The primary cause of this age-related impairment in glucose metabolism results from tissue unresponsiveness to insulin. The plasma insulin response to glucose shows little change with age. Several factors, including decreased physical activity and decreased lean body mass, probably contribute to the insulin resistance. The aging process per se, however, appears to have its own deleterious effect on tissue sensitivity to insulin. PMID- 7049633 TI - Cimetidine in insulin allergy. PMID- 7049634 TI - Insulin dose change with increased purity. PMID- 7049635 TI - Algorithms for home monitoring. PMID- 7049636 TI - [Compact structure of the small proteins L 29 and L 30 from Escherichia coli ribosomes]. PMID- 7049637 TI - [Action of high-intensity UV radiation on DNA]. PMID- 7049638 TI - [Detection of the competence of the lateral head ectoderm of chick embryos for adenohypophysis differentiation]. PMID- 7049639 TI - TCDD toxicology with particular reference to Seveso: introductory remarks. PMID- 7049640 TI - The toxicokinetics of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in mammalian systems. PMID- 7049641 TI - Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of benzidine and its congeners in man and animals. PMID- 7049642 TI - Disposition and body burdens of halogenated aromatic compounds: possible association with health effects in humans. PMID- 7049643 TI - A practical guide to interactions involving theophylline kinetics. AB - A practical guide to the drug interactions involving theophylline kinetics is presented. The text is classified into three categories--pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and miscellaneous drug interactions. In the discussion of pharmacokinetics, interactions are classified according to site; in vitro, intestinal, metabolic, protein binding, and renal mechanisms are considered. The pharmacodynamic section concentrates on possible additive effects of theophylline and other commonly used bronchodilators, while in the miscellaneous section, discussion is devoted to those interactions involving allergic skin testing and changed results of commonly used assay methods for theophylline. Increased awareness of possible interactions should lead to a more critical approach to theophylline prescribing, particularly in those cases where an unexpected therapeutic effect (or theophylline serum concentration) is obtained during the treatment of asthmatic patients. PMID- 7049644 TI - Serum digoxin concentrations in atrial fibrillation: a review. AB - Studies evaluating the relationship of serum digoxin concentrations (SDCs) with pharmacodynamic effects in atrial fibrillation have important limitations. In general, a poor correlation is found between SDC and ventricular rate, but this is understandable, considering the many other factors that affect conduction through the atrioventricular node. The ventricular rate, although a clinically important and easily monitored parameter, may not always be a good measure of digoxin effect. In certain patients, signs and symptoms of toxicity may develop before the desired decrease in heart rate. The SDC may provide, in many cases, information that cannot be obtained solely from the clinical response, but is of great relevance to therapeutic decision making. PMID- 7049646 TI - Drugs and liver disease: a tabular compilation of drugs and the histopathological changes that can occur in the liver. AB - A compilation of drugs and the histopathological changes that can occur in the liver is presented. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with a comprehensive and reliable source of information on various drugs that have been documented by liver biopsy to cause hepatocellular damage. The morphologic terms used in the tables have been chosen based on past publications dealing with this subject. This review is intended as a concise guide to aid in the identification of drug-induced liver diseases. PMID- 7049645 TI - Nomifensine maleate (Merital, Hoechst-Roussel). AB - Nomifensine is an isoquinoline antidepressant that inhibits the reuptake of dopamine at central synapses. It also inhibits norepinephrine reuptake but is only a weak inhibitor of 5-hydroxytryptamine. Open and controlled trials comparing nomifensine with placebo and other standard antidepressants have shown it to be an effective antidepressant in divided doses up to 200 mg/d. The full dosage range of 50-200 mg/d is well tolerated, and doses can be selected to suit patient disease, age, and therapeutic response. Minimal anticholinergic and sedative side effects and no impairment of psychomotor performance make nomifensine a suitable drug for use in a wide variety of ambulatory outpatients, including the elderly. A relative lack of cardiotoxicity and epileptogenic activity add to this profile; the safety of the drug, when taken in overdose, has been documented. However, the place of nomifensine in the treatment of depression, relative to other antidepressants, is still unclear. PMID- 7049647 TI - A matter of degrees. AB - We have completed a decade of enormous progress in pharmacy education. The signs of this are apparent in faculty growth, innovative curricula, and expanded clinical and research programs. Many of the rewards of these advances will be realized in the 1980s. The move between the decades is accompanied by economic, social, and political changes that could have an impact on education and the profession. The challenge is to maintain what has been gained and to mold existing and new resources to meet new priorities. In conclusion, the profession of pharmacy will agonize through the 1980s as the sore of two entry level degrees festers in a climate of resource scarcity. By this time, educators should cease the debate and, as difficult as it might be, get on with moving to the Pharm. D. as the entry level degree. To do less might be argued on the basis of societal need, educational cost, academic standards, and other sound reasons. However, the fault in all of these arguments is that they leave the profession torn apart and anguishing over itself. PMID- 7049648 TI - Current status of drugs used to treat hyperlipoproteinemias. PMID- 7049649 TI - Drug receptors: considerations of their functional properties in disease and pharmacologic intervention. PMID- 7049650 TI - Drug abuse in pregnancy: fetal ad neonatal effects. PMID- 7049651 TI - Drugs that modulate prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxane A2. PMID- 7049652 TI - Are estrogens effective in preventing fractures from postmenopausal osteoporosis? PMID- 7049653 TI - Endogenous depression: biochemical determinants and drug treatment. PMID- 7049654 TI - [Prevention of aspiration pneumonias]. PMID- 7049655 TI - [Levonantradol in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytostatic drugs (author's transl) clinical studies]. PMID- 7049656 TI - [Effect of metoprolol on infarct size after acute myocardial infarction (a double blind study) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049658 TI - Fixed combination drug therapy. AB - Almost half of all marketed drugs are fixed combination preparations, yet the World Health Organization included only 7 in its list of 240 "essential' drugs. There has been little scientific study of these preparations but much emotion and rhetoric has been expended both for and against them. Potential advantages of fixed combination preparations include: increased compliance, synergy and increased efficacy, and reduced side effects and cost. Potential disadvantages include: inflexible fixed dose ratio, incompatible pharmacokinetics, increased toxicity, and physician and pharmacist ignorance of content. There are a few combinations of undisputed value such as oral contraceptives, levodopa with decarboxylase inhibitors, and pyrimethamine with sulphadoxine. In other cases fixed-dose combinations may have value in strictly specified circumstances, but are probably overprescribed. There is also widespread, unjustified use of combinations in over-the-counter preparations which may have unrecognised adverse effects. Combinations should only be used if each component is necessary for the desired effect and if the advantages outweigh the added risks of using 2 or more drugs. Before prescribing combination drugs, clinicians should always ask themselves a series of questions of which the most important is whether the patient needs each drug in a particular combination, or if 1 component alone would be adequate. In general, government regulatory bodies in "developed' countries are attempting to curb the use of combination drugs, but a more profitable approach might be to better educate doctors on both the advantages and disadvantages of fixed combination preparations leading to improved prescribing habits. PMID- 7049657 TI - Trimethoprim: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic use in urinary tract infections. AB - Trimethoprim, which has been widely available for several years in combination with sulphamethoxazole as co-trimoxazole, is now available for use alone in the treatment of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Trimethoprim, which is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria, is readily absorbed by the oral route and is widely distributed in body fluids and tissues. In therapeutic trials, trimethoprim 200 to 400mg daily has been shown to be comparable in efficacy with co-trimoxazole, ampicillin 2g, cephalexin 2g, oxolinic acid 1.5g and nitrofurantoin 200mg daily in the treatment of acute urinary tract infection. Similarly, in long term prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infection, trimethoprim 100mg daily given as a single dose at night was comparable with nitrofurantoin 50 to 100mg, methenamine 1g, oxolinic acid 375mg or co-trimoxazole (80mg trimethoprim/400mg sulphamethoxazole) each given as a single daily dose. Emergence of acquired resistance has been infrequent during years of therapeutic use of co-trimoxazole. Nevertheless, results of serial laboratory surveys suggest that resistance to trimethoprim among enterobacteria is increasing. However, at present, there is no conclusive evidence that there will be a more rapid increase following the introduction of trimethoprim for use alone in the treatment of urinary tract infections. At the dosages used, trimethoprim has generally been well tolerated and in studies comparing it with co-trimoxazole overall, skin rashes and gastrointestinal upset have occurred less frequently with trimethoprim than with co-trimoxazole. PMID- 7049660 TI - Purification and cytochemical identification of neuronal and non-neuronal cells in chick embryo retina cultures. PMID- 7049659 TI - Amoxapine: a review of its pharmacology and efficacy in depressed states. AB - Amoxapine is an N-demethylated dibenzoxazepine closely related in the neuroleptic loxapine. Its tricyclic structure appears to give it antidepressant properties resembling imipramine and amitriptyline. In uncontrolled trials it was shown to have antidepressant activity in usual doses up to 200 to 400mg daily. In placebo and double-blind controlled studies comparing amoxapine with the standard tricyclic antidepressants imipramine and amitriptyline, it was shown to be comparable in efficacy with a possibly somewhat faster onset of improvement of selected symptoms of depression in some studies. Because of the small study groups and lack of placebo control, many reports do not show statistically significant differences of treatment over standard drugs. To date there have been no studies comparing amoxapine with electroconvulsive therapy. Side effects were qualitatively similar to standard drugs with a suggestion that in standard doses or overdose myocardial effects are mild. However, the final place of amoxapine in the therapy of depressed states is still to be decided. PMID- 7049661 TI - Ultrastructural localization of neurofilament proteins in aluminum-induced neurofibrillary tangles and rat cerebellum by immunoperoxidase labeling. AB - The localization of neurofilament proteins was investigated at the light and electron microscopic levels by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase procedure in the motor neurons of rabbit spinal cord accumulating bundles of filaments (neurofibrillary tangles) consequent to the intrathecal injection of aluminum and in rat cerebellum. As indicated by immunoaffinity chromatography the antisera used in this study reacted with 72,000- and 150,000-dalton polypeptides of the mammalian neurofilament "triplet". In the motor neurons of rabbit spinal cord neurofibrillary tangles were prominently stained. Regions of cytoplasm surrounded by the tangles were negative. In the cerebellar cortex the reaction product was confined to structures containing large amounts of neurofilaments, particularly the terminal branches of basket axons surrounding Purkinje cells. The absence of staining in the outer molecular layer containing processes with other types of filaments, that is, Bergmann glia (gliofilaments) and thin parallel fibers (microtubules), served as control for the specificity of the reaction. In both spinal cord and cerebellum the reaction product appeared as elongated strands. In spinal cord, filaments cut in cross-section had the appearance of peripherally stained circular structures approximately 250 A in diameter. PMID- 7049662 TI - [Management of near-drowning patients]. PMID- 7049663 TI - [Pompe's disease or glycogen storage disease]. PMID- 7049664 TI - [Internship in medical studies]. AB - This article reviews the origin of internship for medical school graduates since the beginning of the last century in France and later in English-speaking countries. In Latin America, though clinical instruction in hospitals was made a part of the last years of training as early as 1920 and 1930, not until the 1950s, did it become a requirement for graduation at most medical schools. The author examines internship in relation to different curricula and describes its use based on the model adopted by the Medical School of Austral University in Chile, where it is considered the time for practical application of the knowledge gained in preclinical and clinical training, and where the student finishes acquiring skills and forms the clinical judgment needed to practice medicine later on. Mentioned as specific aims of internship in connection with clinical instruction are general medicine, the diagnosis and management of the prevailing pathology, the development of basic techniques for clinical examination, laboratory testing, and therapeutic prescription, and the ability to deal with clinical emergencies. Lastly, there is a discussion of a series of procedures used to evaluate performance during the internship stage. PMID- 7049665 TI - Cognitive learning in the health sciences: a case for self-instruction. AB - The health professions are faced today as never before with the need to find more effective ways of acquiring a growing volume of biomedical knowledge and of addressing the urgent concerns about learning processes--namely, the continued dependence on outmoded techniques of cognitive transfer. The author believes that greater incentives should be given for faculty and students to experiment with innovative approaches to cognitive learning while recognizing the need for increased emphasis on problem-solving skills in medical care. Proven self learning techniques demand greater attention in curriculum and course design efforts. Finally, the author states that the process of educational planning must be viewed as continuous, dynamic, and never-ending if it is to best serve the needs of individual students, educational institutions, and the society to which both are ultimately accountable and committed to serve. PMID- 7049666 TI - [Education workshop on health service assessment and planning. Barbados 9-13 November 1981]. PMID- 7049667 TI - [Osteoplasty and defect bridging on the visceral cranium with a new biocement substance. Animal experiment results]. PMID- 7049668 TI - [Reconstruction of the atrophic alveolar process via bone transposition]. PMID- 7049669 TI - [Plasma proteins and immunoglobulins in patients with generalized profound marginal periodontitis]. PMID- 7049670 TI - Effects of cytotoxic therapy on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in patients with a variety of acute leukemias. AB - The effect of cytotoxic therapy (including cytosine-arabinoside and thioguanine) on the adrenal response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia has been investigated in 15 newly diagnosed patients with an acute form of leukemia. Hypoglycemia was induced with crystalline insulin (0.15 U kg-1). Cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin were determined by radioimmunoassay at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min during the insulin-tolerance test and also before and after the completion of the therapy. There was a significant impairment of a cortisol response after the completion of the cytotoxic therapy, while no significant changes could be detected in growth hormone and prolactin response. It is concluded that either cortisol synthesis or release mechanism was compromised by the cytotoxic therapy and/or metabolic derangements brought about therewith. PMID- 7049671 TI - Augmentative and inhibitory effects of chronic steroid injections on LH release and their dependency on time. AB - The effect of daily s. c. injections of 50 micrograms ethinyl estradiol, 1 mg norethindrone and of 1 mg megestrol acetate upon basal and LH-RH-stimulated LH release was investigated in intact female rats. Basal serum LH was rapidly depressed by ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone, while megestrol acetate was less effective. the pituitary response to 30 or 150 ng LH-RH was initially augmented by the treatment with norethindrone reaching a maximum after 5 days, by ethinyl estradiol with a maximum after 10 days, and megestrol acetate after 20 days. In every case, the positive effect was followed by inhibition of H-RH mediated LH release when treatment with the respective steroid was continued. Two weeks after discontinuing of the daily injections, the blockade of the pituitary was abolished. It is concluded that a rapid decrease of endogenous LH-RH release is responsible for the suppression of basal serum LH, while a concomitant direct action on the pituitary augments the response to exogenous LH-RH during the first days of steroid application. When the treatment with steroids is continued for a prolonged period of time, the pulsatile pattern of LH-RH release from the hypothalamus becomes impaired, and this results in dependency on the type of steroid in inhibiting of pituitary response. PMID- 7049673 TI - In vitro progesterone stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone from superfused hypothalamic tissue from ovariectomized estradiol-primed prepuberal rats. PMID- 7049672 TI - Superoxide dismutase activity in the intestine of the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. AB - Insulin stimulates the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in various tissues. Hydrogen peroxide has been proposed to be an intracellular second messenger for insulin and a moderator of cellular proliferation and differentiation. We previously found that cell proliferation is increased in small intestinal mucosa of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The current study was undertaken to determine if superoxide dismutase (SOD), the enzyme that converts superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, is altered in the mucosa of the alimentary tract and renal cortex of the diabetic rat, and if so, whether SOD responds to insulin treatment. Total SOD and cyanide-insensitive [manganese-containing SOD (Mn SOD)] SOD were measured by the nitroblue tetrazolium inhibition assay. We studied ad libitum fed animals, where diabetics are hyperphagic and pair-fed animals, where hyperphagia is not present. Since cyclic nucleotides appear to control cell proliferation in some tissues, we also measured cAMP and cGMP in mucosa of the small intestine. In ad libitum fed animals, total SOD was depressed in the mucosa of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, but not in the cecum or colon of the streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The level of Mn-SOD was not affected by diabetes or insulin treatment, but the cyanide-sensitive [copper- and zinc containing SOD (Cu Zn SOD] SOD was depressed in the small intestine and colon of diabetic rats. Insulin treatment restored total and Cu-Zn SOD activity in the small intestine to normal and increased Cu-Zn SOD activity in the colon to normal. Pair-fed animals showed the same changes in the SOD activity of jejunal mucosa that were found in ad libitum fed animals. In renal cortex, diabetes did not alter total SOD, but increased Mn SOD and decreased Cu-Zn SOD. Both responses were reversed by insulin treatment. Cyclic nucleotide concentrations were not affected by diabetes. We conclude that SOD enzymes re altered in diabetes, at least in proliferating tissues. Responses are tissue specific. The mucosa of the small intestine and colon show decreased Cu-Zn SOD, the SOD of the cecum is unaffected, and the kidney shows increased Mn SOD and decreased Cu-Zn SOD. The SOD responses of diabetics are reversed by insulin treatment. PMID- 7049674 TI - Renin release from mouse submandibular gland in vitro. PMID- 7049675 TI - Relative importance of corticosterone and thyroxine in the postnatal development of sucrase and maltase in rat small intestine. AB - Both corticosterone and T4 have been previously implicated as causal factors in the ontogenic increases in jejunal sucrase and maltase activities during the third week of life in the rat. Furthermore, it is known that the administration of exogenous T4 during the developmental period causes significant increases in serum corticosterone concentrations. To determine whether the effects of T4 on sucrase and maltase are secondary to the corticosterone rise, we examined the effect of T4 administration in adrenalectomized (adX) pups. Serum corticosterone was measured in all operated animals. Some of the adX pups had substantial concentrations of circulating corticosterone. In adX pups with serum corticosterone levels below 0.1 microgram/dl, there was no effect of T4 on either maltase or sucrase activity. We also studied the effect of propylthiouracil induced hypothyroidism on sucrase and maltase. At 21 days of age, both enzyme activities were significantly reduced in hypothyroid pups. Injections of either T4 or cortisone acetate were equally effective in restoring activities to normal. For sucrase, there was no further increase in activity when both hormones were administered. For maltase, the combined treatment gave activities that were significantly higher than those with either hormone alone. We conclude that for both sucrase and maltase, the effects of changes in thyroid status are primarily due to the accompanying changes in serum corticosterone. The normal rate of development of both enzymes appears to be principally under glucocorticoid control, although for maltase, T4 may have a facilitory action. PMID- 7049676 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor: actions on the sympathetic nervous system and metabolism. AB - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) injected into the brains of rats produces hyperglycemia and an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Neither hypophysectomy nor adrenalectomy prevents CRF-induced hyperglycemia. However, a role of adrenal epinephrine release in mediating CRF induced hyperglycemia is supported by the finding that the central nervous system selective somatostatin analog, desAA1,2,4,5,12,13-[D-Trp8]somatostatin, totally prevents the elevation of plasma epinephrine and suppresses the rise of plasma glucose but does not alter the increase in plasma norepinephrine induced by CRF. Pretreatment with the ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine completely prevents the CRF-induced rises in plasma glucose, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. These results demonstrate that CRF acts within the brain to stimulate sympathetic outflow, which results in the development of hyperglycemia. In contrast to other peptides that act within the central nervous system, e.g. bombesin, TRF, and beta endorphin, whose hyperglycemic actions depend exclusively on adrenal epinephrine secretion, CRF-induced hyperglycemia is secondary to the enhanced secretion of both epinephrine and norepinephrine. PMID- 7049677 TI - Pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) patterns in ovariectomized rats: involvement of norepinephrine and dopamine in the release of LH-releasing hormone and LH. AB - Cannulated ovariectomized (OVX) rats were bled every 10 min for 2 h to characterize their individual patterns of LH release. After the last sample, all rats were decapitated, and their brains were removed for analysis of LHRH, norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) levels in median eminence (ME), arcuate ventromedial, and suprachiasmatic-medial preoptic region (Sch-PO) to determine if changes in NE, DA, and LHRH levels in any of those areas could be observed at different points during the pulsatile release of LH. The results showed that when LH levels started to increase, NE levels peaked in the Sch-PO, whereas a sharp drop in DA and LHRH levels in the ME was detected, which may reflect an acute release in the ME of both DA and LHRH. When LH levels reached peak values, NE levels in the Sch-PO returned to lower values, and DA and LHRH in the ME rose to higher levels. Inhibition of NE synthesis with diethyldithiocarbamate resulted in the suppression of LH pulses. L-Dopa administered after diethyldithiocarbamate induced an increased release of LH in both OVX and OVX, estrogen-primed rats with a simultaneous inhibition of PRL release. Peak levels of LH after L-dopa treatment coincided with increased DA levels in the ME, no change in NE, and a clear drop in LHRH. The results suggest that both NE and DA are involved in the pulsatile release of LH in OVX rats. PMID- 7049678 TI - Plasma renin activity during infusion of epinephrine into the carotid and vertebral arteries of anesthetized dogs. AB - Previous experiments have demonstrated that increments of epinephrine concentration within the physiological range elevate PRA when epinephrine is infused iv but not when it is infused directly into the renal artery. The present experiments examined whether an elevation of the circulating epinephrine concentration to the head could account for this elevation of PRA by epinephrine. Anesthetized dogs were surgically prepared for blood sampling and blood pressure recording and for the infusion of epinephrine into either a femoral vein (iv) or the carotid and vertebral arteries. After a control period, epinephrine was infused for 45 min at a total rate of 25 ng kg-1 min-1 either iv or into the head vasculature (3.5 ng kg-1 min-1 into each vertebral artery and 9 ng kg-1 min-1 into each carotid artery). PRA (in nanograms per ml h-1) rose from 1.8 +/- 0.5 to 5.9 +/- 1.2 (mean +/- SE) during iv epinephrine infusion. PRA rose similarly (from 1.5 +/- 0.4 to 4.8 +/- 1.8) during epinephrine infusion to the head. The arterial blood epinephrine concentration rose similarly in response to iv and head epinephrine infusions. Furthermore, the changes in hematocrit, heart rate, blood pressure, and plasma potassium concentration were identical regardless of the route of epinephrine infusion. In separate experiments, a smaller infusion of epinephrine infusion. In separate experiments, a smaller infusion of epinephrine directly into the head vasculature at a total rate of 2.5 ng kg-1 min-1 (0.35 ng kg-1 min-1 into each vertebral artery and 0.9 ng kg-1 min-1 into each carotid artery) was without effect on PRA. The data indicate that 1) epinephrine is apparently neither taken up nor degraded by the microcirculation of the head, and 2) the receptors mediating the stimulatory effect of epinephrine on PRA are not located in regions supplied by the carotid and vertebral arteries. PMID- 7049679 TI - Age-related changes in insulin receptor regulation in liver membranes from Zucker fatty rats. AB - Hyperinsulinemic obese rodents have been shown to have reduced insulin binding to liver plasma membranes, a finding consistent with the model of down-regulation of insulin receptors by hyperinsulinemia. In contrast, hepatocytes from the hyperinsulinemic Zucker fatty rat were reported to have insulin binding equivalent to that of lean littermates. We have isolated liver plasma membranes from Zucker fatty rats 10 weeks, 5 months, and 1 yr of age and from fatty rats diet restricted until 5 months and 1 yr of age. We found no evidence for down regulation of hepatic insulin receptors at 10 weeks of age. However, at 5 months and 1 yr of age there was marked down-regulation evident in isolated liver plasma membranes. Scatchard plots of the data are consistent with a decreased number of receptors rather than changes in receptor affinity accounting for the decreased binding. Diet restriction of the fatty rats resulted in lower plasma insulin levels and less marked down-regulation of hepatic insulin receptors. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that in developing obesity there is a pattern of developing insulin resistance, first seen in muscle, later in fat, and finally in liver. Regulation of insulin receptors by hyperinsulinemia is probably less important than prior alterations in tissue metabolism by hyperinsulinemia in accounting for insulin resistance. PMID- 7049680 TI - Insulin-induced receptor regulation in cultured Zajdela rat hepatoma cells and relationship to the stimulation of glycogen synthesis. AB - Insulin receptors were measured in cultured Zajdela rat hepatoma cells (ZHC cells), a stable cell line which presents differentiated hepatic functions. The number of sites was 50,000/cell at 2 C, and the dissociation constant for high affinity binding was 1.6 x 10(-10) M. Down-regulation of receptors occurred rapidly when cells were treated with insulin; this process was related to ambient insulin concentrations and led to a decrease in the number of insulin receptors from 50,000 to 30,000/cell. Cycloheximide prevented part of this regulation. When down-regulated cells were incubated in standard medium devoid of insulin, the number of receptor sites gradually increased and attained control values within 7 h; cyclohexamide inhibited this process. Insulin markedly enhanced glycogen synthesis in ZHC cells, with an ED50 of 1.0 x 10(-9) M, leading to an increase in the total cell glycogen content. In addition, the predicted righthand shift of the dose-response curve was observed for insulin-treated cells. These findings provide evidence of insulin-induced receptor regulation in cultured ZHC cells which is related to the biological effect of the hormone on glycogen synthesis. PMID- 7049681 TI - Primary aldosteronism associated with a primary double cancer of the thyroid and rectum: report of a case. AB - A variety of complications are encountered in primary aldosteronism. Among them, less well known is the association of functioning adrenocortical adenoma with neoplasia of other organs. Described here is a patient with primary aldosteronism who had undergone a surgical operation for thyroid cancer and died of meningoencephalitis due to Listeria monocytogenes. Moreover, the autopsy revealed that he had an adenocarcinoma of the rectum. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of a patient who had both primary aldosteronism and a primary double cancer of the thyroid and rectum. PMID- 7049682 TI - Preovulatory changes in luteinizing hormone releasing hormone concentrations in peripheral plasma in constant estrous rats at induced ovulation. AB - Cervical stimulation was used to induce synchronous ovulation in rats that were induced into constant estrus by exposure to continuous lighting. Anti-LHRH or anti-LH serum completely blocked the induced ovulation when administered iv within 5 or 40 min after cervical stimulation. Peripheral concentrations of LH and LHRH hypothalamic content of LHRH were quantified before and at various intervals (0.5-70 min) after cervical stimulation. The radioimmunoassay for LHRH employed a specific antiserum, OAL-513, with high affinity and specificity and highly purified 125I-LHRH. Measurement of LHRH in extracts of 3-5 ml of plasma gave values that were readable in the middle portion of the standard curve. A two fold increase in the LHRH concentration in peripheral plasma was observed 30 sec after the start of cervical stimulation. The elevated LHRH level was sustained for 15 min, though associated with large fluctuations. Serum LH levels started to rise 4 to 10 min and returned to the basal level 70 min after cervical stimulation. The hypothalamic LHRH content continued to increase throughout the entire experimental period and attained 140% of the initial level. No significant deflection due to LHRH release was observed in the hypothalamic LHRH content. Changes in the peripheral hormone level after cervical stimulation were component for chronologically reasoning the effectiveness of the antihormone treatment for blockage of the induced ovulation. From these results it is concluded that LHRH release before the preovulatory LH surge in light-estrous rats was brief in duration and erratic in mode. PMID- 7049683 TI - Reversal by a dopamine antagonist of saline-induced attenuation of aldosterone response to angiotensin II infusion in man. AB - In an attempt to elucidate the dopaminergic involvement in the regulation of the effect of angiotensin II on the adrenals, plasma aldosterone response to angiotensin II infusion (5 ng/kg/min, for 60 minutes) was studied in five normal volunteers in various experimental conditions. Prior infusion of dopamine (3 micrograms/kg/min) or saline (1000 ml/hour) caused an attenuation of the aldosterone response to angiotensin II. Concurrent infusion of a dopaminergic antagonist, metoclopramide (10 micrograms/kg/min), abolished the inhibitory effect of dopamine and saline. These results suggest that the dopaminergic mechanism is involved in the adaptive aldosterone response of the adrenal to acute saline loading in man. PMID- 7049684 TI - Effect of the discontinuation of long-term sulfonylurea treatment on blood glucose and insulin secretion in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - The mechanism of the hypoglycemic action of sulfonylureas during long-term treatment was investigated in twenty-four patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus treated for 1.5 to 19 yr in the out-patient clinic. The subjects received the first oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) while on sulfonylureas and the second OGTT one month after their withdrawal. As the degree of elevation of the fasting plasma glucose level after withdrawal varied, the subjects were classified into two groups. Fourteen subjects showing an increase of more than 15 mg/dl were arbitrarily designated as group I, and the rest as group II. The mean fasting plasma glucose of group I was 134 +/- 4 mg/dl (mean +/ SE) and 194 +/- 14 mg/dl with and without sulfonylureas, respectively. Group II did no exhibit any significant change in fasting plasma glucose. A mean fasting serum IRI of either group was not changed. In group I, a mean glucose area of 807 +/- 31 mg . h/dl on OGTT increased significantly to 1121 +/- 72 mg . h/dl (p less than 0.001) and, the same time, a mean IRI area decreased significantly from 102 +/- 10 microU . h/ml to 73 +/- 7 microU . h/ml (p less than 0.001). The ratio of IRI area to glucose area, which might indicate the responsiveness of pancreatic B cells to hyperglycemia, was reduced on an average by 48% in group I. However, group II showed no significant change in the mean value of the glucose area, IRI area or the ratio one month after the discontinuation of sulfonylurea treatment. These findings suggest that the insulinotropic action of sulfonylureas is maintained even after long-term treatment and contributes to their antidiabetic effect. PMID- 7049685 TI - Deacylation of dipalmitoyllecithin by phospholipases A in alveolar macrophages. AB - Optimal conditions in vitro were established for the assay of phospholipases A of Bacillus Calmette Guerin-induced alveolar macrophages that deacylated dipalmitoyllecithin in the alkaline pH range. Sodium deoxycholate and Ca++ were found to stimulate both phospholipases A1 and A2, whereas sodium dodecylsulfate strongly inhibited both enzyme activities. Other detergents like Triton X-100, Triton WR-1339, and Tween-20 activated phospholipase A1, whereas they had no effect on or slightly inhibited the phospholipase A2 enzyme. These phospholipases preferentially removed palmitic acid regardless of the position of palmitic acid on the phospholipid molecule and were more active on phosphatidylcholines than phosphatidylethanolamines. This suggests a role for macrophage phospholipases A in the clearance of saturated lecithins in the pulmonary surfactant complex. PMID- 7049686 TI - Metallothionein in plasma and urine of cadmium workers. PMID- 7049687 TI - Toxicity studies on tetramethylthiuram monosulfide. PMID- 7049688 TI - Molecular defects in inborn disorders of collagen metabolism. AB - Disturbances of collagen metabolism may result in the manifestation of clinical symptoms. The collagen disorders that best characterized are genetically inherited and are known to vary at the clinical and molecular levels. Defective posttranslational modifications of collagen chains due to mutant enzymes have been found in patients with the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and cutis laxa. Altered selection of collagen types and defective primary structure of the molecules themselves are prominent features in osteogenesis imperfecta. In other pathological conditions, such as Marfan syndrome, no clear molecular defect has been identified as yet. PMID- 7049689 TI - Pathways of carbohydrate metabolism in peripheral nervous tissue. I. The contribution of alternative routes of glucose utilization in peripheral nerve and brain. AB - The activities of enzymes of the glycolytic route, the pentose phosphate pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and lipogenesis have been measured in rat sciatic nerve and brain. Parallel studies have been made of the utilization of 14 C labelled glucose and pyruvate in these two tissues. Comparison of the enzyme profiles and flux through alternative routes was based on activity relative to the rate of glucose phosphorylation as measured by the rate of formation of 3H2O from [2-3H]glucose. The contributions of the pentose phosphate pathway and lipogenesis to glucose utilization were substantially higher in sciatic nerve than brain. The relatively high activity of transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) and transaldolase (EC 2.2.1.2) suggested a special role for these enzymes in sciatic nerve. PMID- 7049690 TI - Glomerular lesions in renal allografts. PMID- 7049691 TI - Congenital chloride diarrhea. PMID- 7049692 TI - Homocystinuria. PMID- 7049693 TI - Plasma renin activity and plasma catecholamines in intact and splenectomized running and swimming beagle dogs. AB - The influence of splenectomy in the dog on plasma catecholamine levels and plasma renin activity during treadmill running and swimming was investigated. Plasma catecholamines were measured by a radioenzymatic assay and plasma renin activity by a radioimmunoassay. Exercise consistently increased plasma catecholamine levels before and after splenectomy (range of increase:3--38 pmol X ml-1). Swimming, however, was a stronger stimulus than running. No change in the ratio between noradrenaline and adrenaline was found. In intact dogs exercise results in a marked increase in hematocrit due to splenic contraction (range of increase 3--8 volume %), while renal blood flow and plasma renin activity remain virtually constant. In splenectomized dogs, exercise has been reported to induce a decrease in renal blood flow. In contrast to this known effect on renal blood flow, splenectomy did not affect plasma renin activity in treadmill running dogs. In swimming dogs, however, plasma renin activity was increased after splenectomy (range of increase 3.3--6.9 ng X Ang I X ml-1 X h-1). Possibly, a threshold in sympathetic tone is required to increase renin release in the dog. PMID- 7049694 TI - Amino-acid sequence of the alpha-subunit of taipoxin, an extremely potent presynaptic neurotoxin from the Australian snake taipan (Oxyuranus s. scutellatus). AB - The amino acid sequence of the alpha-subunit of taipoxin, an extremely potent presynaptic neurotoxin from the Australian snake taipan has been determined. The very basic protein, by itself a moderately neurotoxic phospholipase, consists of a single polypeptide chain of 119 amino acids. The main fragmentation of the reduced and S-carboxymethylated derivative was accomplished by cleavage with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and trypsin. Chymotryptic peptides and cyanogen bromide fragments were used to align and complete the sequence, which was determined by automated Edman degradation. The taipoxin alpha-subunit is closely homologous to the other taipoxin subunits and to other elapid snake venom phospholipases A2. PMID- 7049695 TI - New mutants resistant to glucose repression affected in the regulation of the NADH reoxidation. AB - Spontaneous mutants resistant to vanadate, arsenate or thiophosphate were isolated from a haploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These three anions have an inhibitory effect on some mitochondrial functions and at the level of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a glycolysis enzyme. All the selected mutants had the same phenotype: they were deficient in alcohol dehydrogenase I, the terminal enzyme of the glycolysis, and possessed a high content of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain. Moreover, cytochrome c oxidase biosynthesis had become insensitive to the catabolite repression, while the biosynthesis of the other enzymes sensitive to this phenomenon were always inhibited by glucose. Metabolic effects of this pleiotropic mutation manifested themselves in the following ways. 1. Growth rate and final cell mass were enhanced, compared to the wild type, when cells were grown on glucose or on glycerol, but not on lactate or ethanol. 2. Growth under anaerobiosis was nil and mutants did not ferment. 3. Mitochondrial respiration of the mutant strains was identical to the wild type with succinate or 2-oxo-glutarate as substrate, and weak with ethanol. But with added NADH, respiration rate of the mutants was higher than that of the wild type and partially insensitive to antimycin, even when cells were grown in repression conditions. It is postulated that in mutants strains, NADH produced at the level of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, failing to be reoxidized via alcohol dehydrogenase, could be reoxidized with a high turnover owing to the enhancement of the amount of cytochrome c oxidase. Since NADH reoxidation is partially insensitive to antimycin, a secondary pathway going from external NADH dehydrogenase to cytochrome c oxidase is suggested. PMID- 7049696 TI - The amino-acid sequence of histone H2A from cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. AB - The amino acid sequence of cuttlefish testis histone H2A (124 residues) was established from structural data obtained by automated sequencing of large peptides generated by the cleavage of the protein with V8 staphylococcal protease or by limited chymotryptic hydrolysis. Compared to the calf thymus homologous histone, cuttlefish H2A shows 14 substitutions (most of them conservative) and 5 deletions. Extensive evolutionary changes were mainly observed in the basic amino terminal and carboxy-terminal regions of the molecule, which are the primary DNA binding sites. Few punctual changes are observed in the central region (residues 18-118), which interacts strongly with histone H2B to form the dimer H2A-H2B. PMID- 7049697 TI - Lactose carrier protein of Escherichia coli. Reconstitution of galactoside binding and countertransport. AB - A procedure for the reconstitution of the lactose carrier protein, a galactoside:proton symporter in Escherichia coli, is described. Starting from cytoplasmic membranes derived from carrier-overproducing strains, essentially all proteins including 89% of the carrier are solubilized by a mixture of dodecyl/tetradecyl polyoxyethylene (n = 9.5) ether and dodecyl O-beta-D maltoside. In the micellar state the carrier binds substrates with reduced affinity. Addition of E. coli phospholipids and removal of detergents by a hydrophobic column yields small vesicles (50-60-nm diameter). In these vesicles, about 70% of the carrier is recovered and reconstituted carrier is identical to native carrier in terms of substrate binding. After fusion of the small vesicles into larger vesicles (1-5 micrometers), rapid countertransport of galactosides is demonstrated. Attempts to show active galactoside transport by the imposition of artificial electrical potential or pH gradients were unsuccessful, most likely because the reconstituted vesicles are in fact highly permeable to protons. PMID- 7049698 TI - Rate of translation and kinetics of processing of newly synthesized molecules of two major outer-membrane proteins, the OmpA and OmpF proteins, of Escherichia coli K12. AB - The rate of synthesis of the OmpA and OmpF proteins, two of the major outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli K12, was determined. At 25 degrees C both proteins were translated at 6.5 amino acids/s, and the OmpF protein was translated at 15 amino acids/s at 37 degrees C. The former rate corresponded to a synthesis time of just over 50 s for both proteins, which is significantly faster than their reported rates of assembly into the outer membrane at 25 degrees C. The kinetics of processing of the pro-OmpF protein were also investigated in detail, and the pro-OmpF half-life estimated to be 3-5 s at 25 degrees C. However a fraction of the precursor was processed more slowly, which may explain the discrepancy between these data and our earlier published estimate of 30 s. Pro OmpA protein was processed with similar kinetics. These results demonstrate that the rate-limiting step in the assembly of both proteins into the outer membrane is post-translational and follows the processing step. PMID- 7049699 TI - Purification and partial characterization of two acidic proteases from the white rot fungus Sporotrichum pulverulentum. AB - Two acidic proteases from the white-rot fungus Sporotrichum pulverulentum have been purified and partially characterized. The enzymes were purified in four steps, protease I 152-fold and protease II 127-fold. The purity of the enzymes was investigated by analytical isoelectric focusing and by dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric points of protease I and protease II were at pH 4.7 and 4.2 respectively. The molecular weights were 28,000 and 26,000 and the pH optima 5.0 and 5.2. Both enzymes were inhibited by heavy metal ions such as Ag+, Hg2+ and to some extent also by Cu2+. Partial inhibition was also observed with EDTA and alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl. The specificities of protease I and II were investigated using human fibrinopeptide A as substrate. Protease I splits off the arginine in the C-terminal position, while protease II splits at the carboxyl side of both Phe-8 and Leu-9 in fibrinopeptide A. A physiological effect of the two proteases has also been demonstrated. Thus, if a culture solution from S. pulverulentum grown on cellulose was treated with the individual proteases or a mixture of the enzymes a considerable increase in endo-1,4-beta-glucanase activity was obtained. It may be that the endo-glucanases are produced in a zymogenic form and activated by the proteases. However, other explanations for the phenomenon are also possible. PMID- 7049700 TI - Characterization of the active site of ribonucleotide reductase of Escherichia coli, bacteriophage T4 and mammalian cells by inhibition studies with hydroxyurea analogues. PMID- 7049701 TI - Leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma of the digestive tract--a report of 45 cases and review of the literature. AB - The authors discuss the general and radiologic characteristics of leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas, based on experience with forty-five cases involving the digestive tract and a review of over one thousand cases reported in the literature. Thirty-six leiomyomas (oesophagus 9, stomach 18, small intestine 9) and nine leiomyosarcomas (oesophagus 2, stomach 2, small intestine 4, colon 1) were observed and compared with reports from the literature. Leiomyomas of the oesophagus lend themselves to radiologic surveillance since there is no tendency for lesion degeneration in this location. Leiomyomas of the stomach are frequently asymptomatic and discovered following radiologic or endoscopic examination. With involvement of the small intestine, the most sensitive radiologic examination remains angiography, even though the information provided does not allow evaluation of the evolution of the tumour. Localization in the colon remains rare. PMID- 7049702 TI - Widening of the upper mediastinum due to innominate vein thrombosis. PMID- 7049703 TI - The CT appearance of the superior intercostal veins. PMID- 7049704 TI - Renal sonography in 1982. Successes and limitations: a general review. PMID- 7049705 TI - Lymphoscintigraphy by sc injection of 67Ga-citrate. AB - Lymphoscintigraphy with SC injection of 67Ga-citrate was carried out on patients with lymph node metastasis and malignant lymphoma. The dose given at each injection site was about 200 muCi and scintigraphy was started about 5 min after injection. Metastatic lymph nodes and malignant lymphoma were successfully imaged. This positive delineation corresponded well to cold lesions detected by lymphoscintigraphy with 99mTc-rhenium colloid in metastatic lymph nodes. Hotter lesions in malignant lymphoma were scanned positively with 99mTc-rhenium colloid by this method. In in vitro studies, incorporation of 67Ga-citrate in HeLa S3 cells was about 4 times that in macrophages, when the incubation time was 1 h, while colloidal uptake by macrophages was 13 times that by HeLa S3 cells. The binding of 67Ga to transferrin in lymph and pinocytosis are suggested mechanisms of localization. A combination of colloid- and sc 67Ga-lymphoscintigraphy would be of value in the diagnosis of lymph node disease. PMID- 7049706 TI - Effects of once daily indapamide and pindolol on blood pressure, plasma aldosterone concentration and plasma renin activity in a general practice setting. AB - Sixteen patients with essential hypertension completed a double blind factorial trial comparing the effects of indapamide (2.5 mg daily) and pindolol (10 mg daily) on blood pressure, heart rate, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration. There were four randomised test phases of eight weeks each during which patients received indapamide alone, pindolol alone, indapamide plus pindolol and no active treatment (placebo). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured every two weeks. Supine mean arterial pressure fell from 117 mm Hg in the placebo phase to 111 mm Hg in the indapamide phase, 106 mm Hg in the pindolol phase and 103 mm Hg in the combined indapamide plus pindolol phase. Factorial analysis confirmed that the hypotensive effects of the two drugs were additive, without evidence of potentiation or antagonism. Indapamide caused significant reductions in plasma potassium and chloride, and increases in plasma bicarbonate and urate concentrations; it also caused increases in plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration. These changes are similar to those observed with thiazide diuretics. PMID- 7049707 TI - Interaction between oxprenolol and indomethacin on blood pressure in essential hypertensive patients. AB - A double-blind, cross-over study in 16 patients with essential hypertension was carried out, to evaluate any possible interference by indomethacin, a known prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitor, with the antihypertensive effect of oxprenolol, a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent. Both indomethacin and oxprenolol, as well as the two drugs combined, inhibited plasma renin activity; no change was found in urinary sodium excretion or body weight. Oxprenolol alone caused a highly significant decrease in the systolic ( - 10.4 mmHg, p less than 0.001), diastolic ( - 7.4 mmHg, p less than 0.001) and mean ( - 7.7 mmHg, p less than 0.01) blood pressures, whereas indomethacin did not influence blood pressure. When the two drugs were given in combination, blood pressure decreased (systolic: - 5.9 mmHg; diastolic: - 4.0 mmHg; mean: - 4.6 mmHg), but the changes induced in blood pressure were reduced by about 50% when compared with those in the oxprenolol alone period. The data show that indomethacin seems to interfere with the antihypertensive effect of oxprenolol, by an action which may be due to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 7049708 TI - Ticrynafen and hydrochlorothiazide. A comparison in hypertensive patients with renal impairment. AB - The efficacy of ticrynafen in the treatment of hypertension in patients with moderate renal impairment was compared with that of hydrochlorothiazide in a randomised, double-blind crossover trial in eleven subjects with renal insufficiency. Significant reductions in blood pressure occurred with both treatments, with the maximum responses occurring at different time intervals and to different degrees in individual patients. Thus, although ticrynafen caused a significant reduction in blood pressure in this group of hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency, it was not consistently different from that which could be achieved with hydrochlorothiazide. Ticrynafen also significantly reduced the serum uric acid concentration, compared with a significant rise with hydrochlorothiazide. No major biochemical abnormalities or side-effects were encountered in any subject. Thus, in these patients with renal insufficiency, ticrynafen still demonstrated a uricosuric effect as well as a useful anti hypertensive action. PMID- 7049709 TI - Effects of supidimide in schizophrenic inpatients undergoing neuroleptic maintenance therapy with haloperidol. AB - Forty schizophrenic inpatients, on constant low-dosage maintenance therapy with haloperidol, entered a superimposed, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with supidimide 2 x 200 mg per day. The double-blind phase lasted 5 days and was preceded and followed by single-blind base line and washout periods, respectively, during which all patients received matching placebos. The therapeutic effects were evaluated by BPRS, NOSIE, a post-sleep questionnaire, and, in a subgroup of patients, by objective monitoring of movements during sleep. Supidimide substantially relieved sleep disturbances, as demonstrated by subjective (p less than 0.05; n = 20) and objective (p less than 0.1; n = 3) measurements. In addition, the following drug-related effects (p less than 0.05 versus base line and placebo) on daytime behaviour were observed: a decrease in "somatic concern" (BPRS), items related to agitation (BPRS), "irritability" and "manifest psychosis" (NOSIE), and a slight increase in "retardation" (NOSIE). No adverse effects attributable to supidimide were detected. It is concluded that supidimide exerts beneficial effects on day-time behaviour and sleep in agitated schizophrenic patients undergoing low-dosage maintenance neuroleptic therapy. PMID- 7049711 TI - A computed tomographic assessment of maxillary movement induced by rapid expansion - a pilot study. PMID- 7049710 TI - Clinical evaluation of labetalol alone and combined with chlorthalidone in essential hypertension: a double-blind multicentre controlled study. AB - In a multicentre, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study, the antihypertensive effect of labetalol 100 mg and chlorthalidone 10 mg, given alone or in combination, has been assessed in 32 hypertensive patients. The combination had a greater effect in reducing blood pressure than did its separate components. This was particularly evident after exercise. Heart rate increased during chlorthalidone therapy, decreased during labetalol therapy, and a summation effect was observed during treatment with the combination. In most cases additivity was observed, as no interaction between the single components was observed, except for heart rate after exercise, and for diastolic blood pressure in the upright position. No interaction was observed either in the biochemical indices or in the clinical side-effects. PMID- 7049712 TI - Substrate requirement and media supplements necessary for the long-term survival of chick sympathetic and sensory neurons cultured without serum. PMID- 7049713 TI - Proliferation of cultured glial cells from embryonic chick sympathetic ganglia. Inhibition by horse serum. PMID- 7049714 TI - Spreading chick heart fibroblasts. A correlated study using phase contrast microscopy, RIM, TEM and SEM. PMID- 7049716 TI - Growth of MRC-5 diploid cells on three types of microcarriers. PMID- 7049715 TI - [Na+] of lateral ventricular cerebrospinal fluid in conscious rabbits before and after osmotic and hypovolemic stimuli. PMID- 7049717 TI - A stereological evaluation of synaptic diversity on spinal motoneurons in the rat. PMID- 7049719 TI - The glucose dependence of pancreatic endocrine responses to 2-deoxyglucose in the calf. PMID- 7049718 TI - Ultrastructural indications for autosynthetic proteinaceous yolk formation in amphibian oocytes. AB - The formation of proteinaceous yolk is a main feature during amphibian oogenesis. The main bulk is built up by a process called heterosynthesis. The precursor complex vitellogenin is synthesized in the liver, transported by the bloodstream to the ovary, where the oocytes sequester the material by means of endocytosis. This pathway has been described in detail by many authors. The ultrastructural study of amphibian oocytes indicates on the other hand a small but distinct contribution of the oocyte itself towards yolk formation. This process has been called autosynthesis and starts before the onset of heterosynthetic activities. The cell organelles possibly involved in yolk-recursor and yolk-platelet formation are the nuclear envelope, annulate lamellae, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, GERL and mitochondria. The aim of this paper is to discuss the data, mainly of ultrastructural nature, so far accumulated during the study of autosynthesis. It is hoped to stimulate more biochemically orientated research in this field. PMID- 7049720 TI - Human placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP) as a hypotensive agent. PMID- 7049721 TI - Endotoxin inhibits the fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity of rat liver membranes enriched with bile canaliculi. PMID- 7049722 TI - Stereotaxic technique for transplantation of neural tissues in the brain of adult rats. PMID- 7049723 TI - Radioprotection of LPS-resistant C3H/HeJ mice by RES-blockade. PMID- 7049724 TI - Morphological aspects of chemically stimulated bovine chromaffin cells. PMID- 7049725 TI - Changes in family structure after a renal transplant. AB - It is suggested that the study and diagnosis of family structure before a renal transplant, increases the possibility of selecting the most suitable donor candidate from a biological as well as from a psychological point of view. It will allow a greater possibility of success, not only in the medical aspects, but also in regard to better structural functioning of the family after the transplant. Furthermore, the diagnosis of the family structure before the transplant may help to predict what changes will appear within the family after the renal transplant. This would raise the level of consciousness for detecting family dysfunction as soon as possible and thus make it possible to respond more quickly with psychotherapeutic assistance to bring the family back to a functional level. PMID- 7049726 TI - High molecular mass amino acyl-tRNA synthetase complexes in eukaryotes. PMID- 7049727 TI - An 88 amino acid long C-terminal sequence of human lactotransferrin. PMID- 7049728 TI - The peptidyl-substituent within peptidyl-tRNA increases the stability of tRNA- mRNA association. PMID- 7049729 TI - Purification of molybdenum cofactor and its fluorescent oxidation products. PMID- 7049730 TI - Immunochemical analysis of the membrane-bound succinate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7049731 TI - On substrate specificity of the donor site of the Escherichia coli ribosomal peptidyl transferase center. Synthesis of dipeptides from 3'-terminal fragments of aminoacyl-tRNA. PMID- 7049732 TI - On the possible participation of acid phospholipids in the translocation of secreted proteins through the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. PMID- 7049733 TI - Inhibition of the puromycin reaction with benzamidine and related compounds. PMID- 7049734 TI - Endogenous and surface labeling of glycoconjugates from the three differentiation stages of Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 7049735 TI - Quantitative study of kanamycin action on different functions of Escherichia coli ribosomes. PMID- 7049736 TI - Kinetic aspects of tetracycline action on the acceptor (A) site of Escherichia coli ribosomes. PMID- 7049737 TI - Purification and substrate specificities of three human liver alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes. PMID- 7049738 TI - Advances in the use of stable isotopes of minerals in human studies. AB - In this review, the current state of development of stable isotope methodology is discussed in relation to its application to human mineral nutrition. The minerals considered are magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, selenium, and lead. Such issues as analytical measurement methodology, the required degree of dietary enrichment, mode of isotope administration, and intrinsic labeling of human foods are reviewed and their current status is presented. It is shown that both mass spectrometry and neutron activation analysis have been applied to various aspects of this research, although the latter more widely. Research need, current problems, and the likely future direction of stable isotopes in human mineral research are summarized. PMID- 7049739 TI - How does mild endometriosis cause infertility? PMID- 7049740 TI - Initial evaluation of a convection counter streaming galvanization technique of sex separation of human spermatozoa. AB - A new method for separating X and Y human spermatozoa called convection counter streaming galvanization was evaluated. The method was independently performed by this semenology laboratory with the use of the special separation equipment and extending media provided by its developer, Dr. Bhairab C. Bhattacharya. The mean number of Y spermatozoa increased from 48% to 77% in the separated fraction predicted to be Y-enriched. The fraction predicted to be X-enriched increased from a mean of 52% to 77%. The one separation process allowed accumulation of both enriched fractions simultaneously. The separated portions of spermatozoa maintained good motility and penetration of cervical mucus but produced a mean recovery concentration in the X- and Y-enriched fractions of only 15% to 16% of the preseparation concentration. PMID- 7049741 TI - Suppression of plasma luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone by administration of human chorionic gonadotropin in castrated women. PMID- 7049742 TI - Osteomyelitis revisited: a 19th century case report. PMID- 7049743 TI - The dental assistant's role in adapting plastic temporary crowns. PMID- 7049744 TI - [Technical design of a bridge base]. PMID- 7049745 TI - [Accurate fit technic for gingiva masking with special impression material]. PMID- 7049746 TI - [Occlusion concepts for eccentric mandibular position]. PMID- 7049747 TI - [Preparation of synthetic resin projects]. PMID- 7049748 TI - [Reconstruction of a maxilla injured in an accident]. PMID- 7049749 TI - [Use and effect of gold frameworks]. PMID- 7049750 TI - [Evaluation and correction of waxed-up artificial teeth for complete dentures]. PMID- 7049751 TI - [Break-resistant metalloceramic bridges. The Inzoma technic against a solid framework]. PMID- 7049752 TI - [Preparation of an anchor with a regulated removal force]. PMID- 7049753 TI - [Biological and mechanical aims of an interlocked design]. PMID- 7049754 TI - History. William H. Taggart, DDS. PMID- 7049755 TI - The Di-Module System for one-pour models and dies. PMID- 7049756 TI - History. Alfred Gysi, DDS and Leon Williams, DDS. PMID- 7049757 TI - History. Ruppert Estel Hall, DDS. PMID- 7049758 TI - History. Rudolph L. Hanau. PMID- 7049759 TI - "One-step" etching process for etched-metal bridges. PMID- 7049761 TI - [Professional nomenclature--dental]. PMID- 7049760 TI - Maxillofacial prosthesis and orofacial trauma. PMID- 7049762 TI - [Professional nomenclature--dental]. PMID- 7049763 TI - [History of the German dental-medical industry. History--functions--organizations (I)]. PMID- 7049764 TI - [History of German dental-medical industry (II). 1882-1939: a stormy epoch]. PMID- 7049765 TI - [Professional nomenclature--dental]. PMID- 7049766 TI - [Professional nomenclature--dental]. PMID- 7049767 TI - [Professional nomenclature--dental]. PMID- 7049768 TI - [German dental-medical industry (II). History--direction--structure]. PMID- 7049769 TI - [German dental-medical industry (III). History--direction--structure]. PMID- 7049770 TI - [Sufficient spray cooling for high speed work]. PMID- 7049771 TI - [German medical-dental industry (IV). History--direction--structure]. PMID- 7049772 TI - [Testing of disinfection methods in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 7049773 TI - [Haptoglobin type, serum concentration of haptoglobin and agglutinating titre against T4-antigen of Streptococcus pyogenes in erysipelas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049774 TI - [The stimulated NBT-test in dermatoses with disturbed defense against microbial germs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049775 TI - [Clinical results of SHIP (specific high-intensity phototherapy) therapy in psoriasis]. PMID- 7049776 TI - [A simple medium for 5-fluorocytosine sensitiving testing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7049777 TI - Insulin resistance and carbohydrate oxidation in patients with chemical diabetes. AB - In six patients with chemical diabetes, insulin resistance was assessed by the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) level during a constant infusion of epinephrine, propranolol, glucose and insulin. During the infusion, the patients had elevated SSPG levels (174 +/- 20 mg/100 ml), compared with six control subjects (96 +/- 3 mg/100 ml, p less than 0.005), demonstrating increased insulin resistance. However, during the infusion, the rate of carbohydrate oxidation was similar in both groups. These results suggest that when insulinemia is controlled, the plasma glucose concentration in chemical diabetics during glucose infusion reaches hyperglycemic levels allowing normalisation of carbohydrate oxidation. Hyperglycemia can thus be considered to be a regulatory mechanism favouring glucose uptake and oxidation in patients with chemical diabetes. PMID- 7049778 TI - The influence of selective pancreatic denervation on plasma insulin and glucose tolerance in dogs. AB - The mechanism of reflex plasma insulin responses after oral stimulation and the influence of autonomic control on glucose- and meal -induced insulin secretion needs to be elucidated. Dogs with chronic pancreatic fistulas were studied two months after selective pancreatic denervation or bilateral truncal vagotomy and compared with fistulated controls. The normal glucose- and amino acid-independent insulinogenic reflex after an oral glucose load or after a meal was inhibited in the experimental groups. Glucose-related insulin secretion (oral or intravenous loads) and glucose tolerance were clearly reduced after vagotomy, but only partly diminished in the denervated animals. The plasma insulin increase after meat ingestion was inhibited in both experimental groups. It is concluded that the B cells work under integrated tonic control of both the vagal and the sympathetic systems. Independent of this control, a vago-vagal insulinogenic reflex is initiated by enteric stimuli. These two mechanisms might be considered as part of the gastroentero-pancreatic axis in a broader sense. PMID- 7049779 TI - Studies on proteolytic activities in heart muscle of diabetic rats. AB - Induction of diabetes mellitus in rats following injection of streptozotocin caused reduction in rate of gain of heart weight, of protein and of DNA content in the first two weeks. During the same time interval the overall activity of acid proteinases (cathepsin D), of alkaline proteinases and of proteinase inhibitors was measured in heart muscle homogenates. No statistically significant differences were detected compared with the proteinase activities in control rats. In contrast, total aminopeptidase activity in diabetic hearts was consistently lower than in control hearts. Earlier studies on rat skeletal muscles have shown that induction of diabetes mellitus is followed by a substantial increase of alkaline proteinase as well as aminopeptidase activities. These findings are contrasted by present data obtained with heart muscle of diabetic rats, suggesting that this tissue responds differently to insulin deficiency. PMID- 7049780 TI - Morphological and biochemical observations on hepatic glycogen metabolism in genetically diabetic (db/db) mice. AB - Changes in hepatocyte glycogen morphology, liver glycogen, and blood glucose and insulin levels were studied at various time points after initiation of feeding in 10 week old genetic diabetic (db/db) mice (n = 8) and their lean littermates adapted to a controlled feeding regimen (6 h fed - 18 h fast). In spite of hyperinsulinemic (insulin greater than or equal to 97.60 +/- 88 uU/ml) and hyperglycemic (glucose greater than or equal to 437.1 +/- 49.5 mg/dl) conditions favoring glycogen synthesis, feeding-induced hepatic glycogen deposition was less efficient in the diabetic mice. An apparent decreased ability to mobilize hepatic glycogen during fasting and maintenance of relatively high fasting liver glycogen concentrations were however attributable to the anti-glycogenolytic effects of high blood glucose and insulin concentrations. Histochemical determinations (PAS) on livers of db/db mice showed typical lobular patterns of glycogen distribution during deposition and depletion of the polysaccharide. At stages of maximum glycogen (6 h after initiation of feeding), periportal cells displayed intensely stained masses of glycogen with centrilobular cells staining more diffusely. Ultrastructural studies revealed smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in close association with glycogen during its deposition and depletion. The preservation of normal glycogen morphology and SER-glycogen ultrastructure indicates that functioning of the SER in hepatic glycogen metabolism is normal in midly diabetic (db/db) mice. PMID- 7049781 TI - A study of the comparative safety and efficacy of neutral soluble human (semi synthetic) and porcine monocomponent insulin in non-diabetic subjects. AB - Neutral soluble human (semi-synthetic) and porcine insulin and diluting medium were administered subcutaneously in a randomized fashion to six fasting normal male subjects. The plasma glucose, C-peptide and insulin response was observed for a period of two hours before and six hours after injection of insulin (0.075 m/kg) into the anterior abdominal wall. The hypoglycaemic response was identical for the two insulins with the plasma glucose values reaching a nadir at 90--120 minutes and returning to within 10% of basal levels by six hours. Also similar peak plasma insulin values were achieved with human and porcine insulin by 50--60 minutes post-injection. The C-peptide response following the administration of both insulins suggested equal suppression of endogenous beta cell secretion. The two insulins were well tolerated with no immediate or delayed allergic reactions in any subject. These results suggest that human (semi-synthetic) and porcine soluble monocomponent insulins under the described experimental conditions are bioequivalent. PMID- 7049782 TI - [Controlled clinical trial of the effect of aspirin and aspirin + dipyridamole on the development of diabetic retinopathy. I. General protocol. From the DAMAD Study Group (author's transl)]. AB - In diabetic patients platelet abnormalities and hemostatic dysfunction have been reported and may play a role on the development of retinopathy. It has been shown that aspirin and dipyridamole modify platelet functions in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this multicenter controlled clinical trial was to investigate the effect of aspirin and aspirin + dipyridamole on the evolution of background retinopathy. In this paper are described the main clinical characteristics of the 450 patients included in the study, the protocol and the major end-points. Patient recruitment started in 1977 and was completed in 1981. Compliance to the protocol is satisfactory, side effects have been minimal and the number of patients lost to follow up is small. PMID- 7049783 TI - Influence of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations on carbohydrate oxidation in man. AB - The influence of both plasma glucose and insulin levels on the rate of carbohydrate oxidation was separately assessed in control subjects. During inhibition of endogenous insulin secretion by epinephrine + propranolol, glucose infusion produced an increase in carbohydrate oxidation when plasma glucose levels reached approximately 200 mg/100 ml. Addition of exogenous insulin to the glucose infusion was accompanied by a further rise in carbohydrate oxidation and a decrease in plasma glucose level. It was concluded that hyperglycemia without insulin response represents a compensatory mechanism which favours peripheral glucose utilization. PMID- 7049784 TI - Properties of staphylococcal enterotoxin A under limited proteolysis. AB - 1. Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) was exposed in a state of limited proteolysis to five kinds of proteolytic enzymes: papain, pepsin, pronase, trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin. SEA was found to be sensitive to the action of three of them: papain, pepsin and pronase. 2. Four fragments were produced after papain proteolysis of SEA in the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol. 3. Papain processing of SEA does not influence its capacity to interact with antibodies to intact toxin, but the capacity of SEA to hydrolyse NAD to nicotinamide (NA) and adenosinediphosphatribose (ADP-ribose) completely disappears. 4. SEA under the action of pepsin and pronase has been hydrolysed to small peptides, which appear to be moving with the front of leading dye in disc-electrophoresis. PMID- 7049785 TI - High molecular weight complexes of eukaryotic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. PMID- 7049786 TI - Immunological specificity of Novikoff hepatoma chromatin: isolation of three antigenic proteins. AB - 1. Immunization of rabbits with dehistonized Novikoff hepatoma or normal rat liver chromatin elicited specific antibodies. 2. Chromosomal nonhistone proteins from Novikoff hepatoma were fractionated and three proteins (approx. mol. wt 39,000, 49,0000 and 56,000) were identified with the hepatoma antigenic complexes. 3. All three proteins showed significant reactivity of PAS staining suggesting that they were glycosylated. 4. Proteins migrating similar to these three Novikoff hepatoma fractions were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the chromosomal nonhistone protein fraction obtained from normal rat liver. 5. However, the three proteins from normal liver were PAS negative, and did not react immunologically with antiserum to dehistonized Novikoff hepatoma chromatin. PMID- 7049787 TI - Kinetic studies of the transphosphorylation reactions catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase from E. coli: hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate and o carboxyphenyl phosphate in presence of Tris. AB - 1. Transphosphorylation of p-nitrophenyl phosphate and o-carboxyphenyl phosphate to Tris, has been studied at alkaline and acid pH. 2. The rate of release for all reactions products was Tris-dependent for both substrates, with a slight maximum for phenol at alkaline pH. These dependences have been analyzed from a mechanistic standpoint. 3. Individual constants of rate of a simple transphosphorylation mechanism have been determined. 4. At high Tris concentration (greater than 1.0 M) a slight competitive inhibition has been observed. 5. Inhibition in NH4+-NH3Cl buffer has been found at alkaline pH but not at acid pH. It would therefore seem that the non-protonated NH2 group of Tris is responsible for inhibition. 6. The results suggest the formation of complexes between Tris and the enzyme. Other possible alternatives are also analyzed. PMID- 7049788 TI - Metabolism and molecular mechanism of action of vitamin D: 1981. AB - Cholecalciferol must be regarded as a pro-hormone rather than a vitamin, since it is normally produced in skin under the influence of ultraviolet light. Cholecalciferol must be metabolized in liver to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and subsequently to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol before it can act on intestine, bone and kidney to provide calcium and phosphorus for bone mineralization and neuromuscular activity. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol is metabolized in liver and intestine to a C-23-carboxylic acid that is inactive, 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol is metabolized to a variety of metabolic products, including 23S,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol, 23S,25R-25-hydroxycholecalciferol-26,23-lactone, 24R,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol and 25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol. These metabolites are not involved in the known actions of vitamin D. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol localizes in the nuclei of target organs through a receptor mechanism. It is believed to initiate transcription of DNA that codes for calcium and phosphorus transport proteins, the nature of which is undetermined. Production of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol is stimulated by low plasma calcium through parathyrin and by low plasma phosphorus. During pregnancy and lactation, 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol levels are greatly increased to meet calcium demands. However, vitamin D is not absolutely essential for reproduction. It is likely that some other hormone, possibly prolactin, functions at these periods to mobilize calcium. The clinical application of the vitamin D hormone and its analogues to the treatment of bone disease is presented to illustrate the application of basic science to medical practice. Evidence for each of these points is presented. PMID- 7049789 TI - The role of androgen metabolism in the control of androgen action in the rat prostate. AB - Recent results from a number of laboratories have led us to re-examine the role of 3 beta-androstanediol in the rat ventral prostate. Whereas previously 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone and 3-beta androstanediol were thought to have distinctly separate effects on the prostate, we suggest that 3 beta-androstanediol serves only as an intermediate in the metabolism and removal of 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone from the organ. In our view the action of androgens on the prostate are exerted exclusively through the binding of 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone to the androgen receptor and its subsequent translocation to the nucleus. Differences in effects are related to the amount of 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone available to the gland. 3 alpha-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase may play a critical role in modulating the level of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone available to the translocatable receptor. PMID- 7049790 TI - Chris Coulombre--a tribute. PMID- 7049791 TI - Evidence for the guidance of pronephric duct migration by a craniocaudally traveling adhesion gradient. PMID- 7049792 TI - The location of the major protein in Caenorhabditis elegans sperm and spermatocytes. PMID- 7049793 TI - The role of calcium in depigmentation of iris epithelial cells during cell-type conversion. PMID- 7049794 TI - Studies of social learning in Norway rats: a brief review. PMID- 7049795 TI - Clinical evaluation of the liver cell membrane autoantibody assay. AB - To evaluate the clinical significance of the liver cell membrane autoantibody (LMA) assay, we studied the presence, titre and immunoglobulin classes of LMA in 162 patients with various liver diseases and 156 controls. LMA was detected predominantly in patients with HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis (73% of 26 patients), but was also found in lower prevalences in other liver diseases, such as primary biliary cirrhosis syndrome (43% of 28 patients). LMA-positive primary biliary cirrhosis patients could be distinguished from LMA-positive patients with other liver diseases by the virtual absence of IgG class LMA. The LMA assay adds to the panel of assays for non-organ-specific autoantibodies in that it is more specific for autoimmune liver disease and in that it increases the diagnostic yield of autoantibody assays, e.g. in HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis from 77 to 92%. Immunosuppressive therapy status and biochemical parameters of disease activity, such as transaminase values, did not show a statistically significant relationship with the prevalence, the titre and the immunoglobulin class of LMA. It is concluded, that LMA is a sensitive and specific diagnostic marker for autoimmune liver disease. PMID- 7049796 TI - Successful commissioning of hospital construction. PMID- 7049797 TI - Advances in laboratory medicine: the implications of BRMs. PMID- 7049799 TI - Interrelationships of microangiopathy, plasma glucose and other risk factors in 3583 diabetic patients: a multinational study. AB - In a multinational study, fasting plasma glucose values in 3583 diabetic patients, aged 34-56 years, were related to the characteristics of these subjects and to the presence and severity of microangiopathy as ascertained by standardised methods. The patients were from nine different populations and ranged in number from 193 to 686 per population (London, Warsaw, Berlin (FRG), New Delhi, Tokyo, Havana, Oklahoma Indians, Arizona Pima Indians, and a national sample in Switzerland). In the total group, mean fasting plasma glucose was 8.1 mmol/l for those on diet alone, 9.7 mmol/l for those on oral agents, and 12.7 mmol/l for insulin-treated patients, of whom 25% had values exceeding 16.5 mmol/l. Since many variables were measured in each patient, it was possible to take into account many confounding factors in evaluating the relationship of plasma glucose levels to retinopathy and nephropathy. PMID- 7049798 TI - Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes--an epidemiological overview. AB - Despite the use of a wide range of different methodologies and diagnostic criteria, epidemiological studies have shown that Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes has a global distribution and its prevalence varies from country to country, in different ethnic groups in the same country, and between the same ethnic group undergoing internal or external migration. Rural-urban and migration studies indicate that change towards a 'Westernized' lifestyle is associated with a dramatic increase in the prevalence rates for Type 2 diabetes. Between populations, comparisons are confounded by a wide range of different ascertainment rates, survey methodologies, and diagnostic criteria for diabetes. However, low prevalence rates for Type 2 diabetes are seen in Eskimos and populations of the Far East, while the highest are seen in American Indians, urbanized Pacific Island populations, and migrant Asian Indians. Available evidence suggests that these latter groups have a genetic susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes ('diabetes genotype') and that the disease is unmasked by environmental factors. There appears to be a spectrum of interaction between genetic and environmental factors--in certain populations the genetic role may be more important than environmental, or vice versa. Epidemiological studies, apart from their value in population screenings and case-finding, have contributed to the new classification and diagnostic criteria for diabetes and our understanding of risk factors and host characteristics in the aetiology of Type 2 diabetes. PMID- 7049800 TI - Surface binding, internalization and degradation by cultured human fibroblasts of low density lipoproteins isolated from type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients: changes with metabolic control. AB - A previous study of low density lipoprotein metabolism by cultured cells focused on the metabolism of normal lipoproteins in vitro by fibroblasts isolated from diabetic patients. No abnormalities were found. We have followed the opposite approach. Using normal human fibroblasts as test cells we compared the metabolism in vitro of low density lipoproteins isolated from diabetic patients before and after metabolic control. We found a significant decrease (p less than 0.02) in internalization and degradation of low density lipoproteins isolated from diabetic patients before metabolic control when compared with those isolated from normal control subjects or from the same patients after metabolic control. The observed changes were mainly apparent in intracellular degradation. To evaluate whether the observed differences in low density lipoprotein behaviour were correlated with lipid or apolipoprotein composition, we measured cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein B and total protein levels in the low density lipoproteins tested. A significant decrease (p less than 0.05) of the triglyceride/protein ratio was found in post-control low density lipoproteins suggesting that a high triglyceride content may interfere with low density lipoprotein metabolism. The present study represents the first observation that metabolic control in diabetes mellitus can alter low density lipoprotein-cell interaction and suggests a possible mechanism for the enhanced incidence of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. PMID- 7049801 TI - The relationship between plasma concentration and plasma disappearance rate of immunoreactive insulin in normal subjects. AB - To investigate the mechanism of insulin degradation in normal subjects, a kinetic model of insulin disappearance was constructed: insulin was assumed to be extracted from plasma by two independent processes, one saturable and one non saturable. On the basis of these assumptions, a linear (non-proportional) relationship between steady-state plasma insulin concentration and steady-state plasma disappearance rate was predicted over the concentration range studied. Constant infusion experiments were performed on eight healthy normal subjects, normoglycaemia and fasting plasma C-peptide concentrations being maintained during the experiments. Agreement was found between the predictions of the model and the experimental results, and it is concluded that insulin degradation in normal subjects may be described in terms of two processes: one that is saturated at physiological plasma insulin concentrations and one that is apparently non saturable over a wide concentration range. PMID- 7049802 TI - Studies of retinopathy and the plasma co-factor of platelet hyperaggregation in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic children. AB - Only one out of 73 children with young-onset Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes for less than 10 years had retinopathy detectable with fluorescein retinal angiography. Although these fluorescent studies were normal, retinal abnormalities were detected in 19 out of 53 patients by electro-retinography and in four out of 28 patients by the 100-hue colour test. We were unable to confirm recent reports indicating that most Type 1 diabetic patients have retinopathy detectable by fluorescein angiography. The diabetic plasma co-factor induces normal platelets to hyperaggregate in vitro. Plasma co-factor activities in adult diabetic patients have previously been shown to correlate with the degree of hyperaggregation, although in general, only those patients with severe retinopathy or nephropathy have high plasma activities. The plasma activities of 192 Type 1 diabetic patients were significantly higher than those of normal subjects (p less than 0.01). Of ten children with markedly elevated activities, nine did not have retinopathy. PMID- 7049803 TI - Treadmill training improves intravenous glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in fatty Zucker rats. AB - The effect of treadmill training on intravenous glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity was investigated in Zucker rats (fafa). In 25-week-old fafa animals with the typical metabolic syndrome of massive obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridaemia and insulin resistance, treadmill exercise of only very mild intensity was carried out for 6 weeks. The training programme induced a marked reduction in basal and post-glucose challenge plasma insulin levels and a slight but significant improvement of intravenous glucose tolerance. No alteration in insulin sensitivity of the isolated perfused hindquarter was demonstrable. In another study a 9-week training programme was started in 7-week old fafa rats before the development of their metabolic syndrome. In the sedentary control animals glucose intolerance and insulin resistance developed during the study period; in the training group, both the deterioration of glucose tolerance and the decrease of insulin sensitivity were prevented. This study demonstrates in fafa rats that (a) in young animals physical training may prevent a genetically predisposed deterioration of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and (b) in adult animals mild physical training may improve intravenous glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. PMID- 7049804 TI - The effects of xylitol on the secretion of insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide in man and rats. AB - Xylitol given by gavage to unadapted rats produced profound diarrhoea and no rise in plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) concentration. In xylitol adapted rats it did not cause diarrhoea but still had no effect upon GIP release in contrast to glucose, which did. In healthy human subjects xylitol taken by mouth in solution as a single 30 g dose produced only a minimal rise in blood glucose and no rise in plasma GIP or insulin concentration. Glucose in similar doses, on the other hand, caused a large rise in all three. PMID- 7049805 TI - Properdin factor B in black type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. PMID- 7049806 TI - HDL cholesterol and fasting insulin levels. PMID- 7049807 TI - Insulin aggregation and the use of infusion pumps. PMID- 7049808 TI - Analysis of the mechanisms involved in gene regulation and cell differentiation by microinjection of purified genes and somatic cell nuclei into amphibian oocytes and eggs. PMID- 7049809 TI - The distribution of lens differentiation capacity in the head ectoderm of chick embryos. AB - The distribution of lens self-differentiation capacity in the head ectoderm of chick embryos during stages 4-13 (defined by Hamburger and Hamilton) was investigated. Different fragments of head ectoderm were cultivated in organ culture in vitro. Lens cells and lentoids formed in explants were identified by the indirect immunofluorescence technique with monospecific rabbit antisera to chick lens proteins: alpha-, beta-, and delta-crystallins. It was established that besides presumptive lens ectoderm, the lateral head ectoderm and ectoderm of stomodeal area of stages 10-11 chick embryos differentiated into lens cells when separated and cultured alone. The cultivation of presumptive lens ectoderm resulted in lens fiber differentiation in most explants. In the explants of lateral head ectoderm and those of the ectoderm of the stomodeal area, the lentoids and groups of cells containing crystallins were also found in most cases. In some, all cells of the explants taken from these areas differentiated into lens tissue. These results show that in the chick embryos at stages 10-11, capacity for lens self-differentiation is distributed over a large continuous area of the head ectoderm. The potential seems to arise during the process of gastrulation. The head ectoblast of stage 4-5 chick embryos can achieve at least three differentiation in vitro--lens, epidermal-like, and neutral. In the chick head ectoderm, at the beginning of neurulation two areas can be distinguished according to their capacity for self-differentiation. The area situated in front of the head fold develops into lens and epidermal-like tissues in vitro, whereas the area between the head fold and Hensen's node develops into neural tissue. In the course of further development, lens potential was restricted to the presumptive lens ectoderm. Most of the head ectoderm develops in normogenesis in several directions without any traits of lens differentiation. The formation of Rathke's pouch (adanohypaphysis anlage) by cells which have synthesized beta crystallins is the only known case (besides the lens anlage) in which an expression of lens potential of head ectoderm occurs. PMID- 7049810 TI - [Uremic neuropathy: clinical evolution and therapeutic results in a 5-year period of observation]. PMID- 7049811 TI - [Drinking-water and cardiovascular mortality]. PMID- 7049812 TI - [Statistical evaluation and clinical significance of the results of blood levels of digoxin with the RIA Gamma disk I 125-EMIT-ELISA methods and their representation with blood digitalic curves (with reference to a sample of aged subjects)]. PMID- 7049813 TI - [Coagulation disorders caused by snake bite]. PMID- 7049814 TI - [Vitamin deficiencies in chronic alcoholism (vitamins and alcoholism)]. PMID- 7049815 TI - The clinical morphology of tricuspid atresia. Atresia of the right atrioventricular valve. AB - Several investigations have recently been published which suggest that classical tricuspid atresia is produced by an imperforate valve membrane interposed between the right atrium and the underlying hypoplastic right ventricle. Since this is contrary to our understanding of the anatomy of the majority of examples of tricuspid atresia, and since a knowledge of the basic anatomy is vital for correct clinical diagnosis, particularly using two-dimensional echocardiography, we have reviewed the morphology of the lesions which can produce "tricuspid" atresia. For this purpose, we have considered all those lesions which produce blockage of direct exist from the morphologically right atrium in patients with situs solitus. In some instances, the lesion may not in fact affect a morphologically tricuspid valve, and for this reason right atrioventricular valve atresia is a more accurate term for the group. But because of the widespread clinical use and understanding of tricuspid atresia as describing anomalies with no other exit from the morphologically right atrium, we have used this term. In essence, tricuspid atresia as thus defined can be due to either an imperforate atrioventricular valve membrane or to absence of the right atrioventricular connexion. Contrary to widely held opinion, the commonest type of classical tricuspid atresia is due to absent right connexion. In this form, atrioventricular sulcus tissue extends in to the septal atrioventricular junction, completely separating the floor of the right atrium from the ventricular myocardium. The right ventricular chamber is rudimentary, lacking an inlet. Cases with atrioventricular concordance and an imperforate tricuspid valve can exist but are rare. Such cases, when associated with Ebstein's malformations, may have right atrioventricular annuli sufficiently large to permit insertion of a prosthetic valve, so are of major clinical significance. Rarer forms of tricuspid atresia can be produced with either absent connexions or imperforate membranes in association with other chamber combinations. We have sectioned heart specimens to show the salient clinical anatomy of these various forms, and constructed diagrams to show the features of the rarer types. Finally, we have discussed the relationship of these various forms of tricuspid atresia to the univentricular heart, showing how most disagreements relate to semantics. PMID- 7049816 TI - The clinical morphology of mitral atresia. Atresia of the left atrioventricular valve. AB - In this paper we have reviewed the salient features of the anatomy of mitral atresia which should be of interest to the clinician. In the preceding paper, we reviewed the comparable features of tricuspid atresia, defined as lack of exit from the systemic venous atrium, even though some of the lesions may have affected a morphologically mitral valve. In this paper, we consider lesions producing lack of exit from the pulmonary venous atrium even though some of them may affect a morphologically tricuspid valve. Left atrioventricular valve atresia is a more accurate term, but mitral atresia is used because of its clinical applications. As with tricuspid atresia, mitral atresia may be due to either absence of an atrioventricular connexion or to presence of an imperforate valve membrane. In the setting of mitral atresia, the distinction is rarely if ever of practical clinical significance but understanding of the difference is essential for correct interpretation of the anatomy. When the left connexion is absent, the atrioventricular sulcus tissue completely separates the muscular floor of the left atrium from the underlying ventricular myocardium. When an imperforate valve membrane is present, it separates the cavity of the left atrium from an underlying ventricular cavity. Either of these lesions can be found with all the various forms of mitral atresia. The major anatomical subdivision is into groups with co-existing aortic atresia and with a patent aortic root. With aortic atresia, almost invariably the right atrium is connected to a right ventricular chamber. When there is a patent aortic root, the right atrium can be connected to a right ventricular chamber, a left ventricular chamber or rarely an indeterminate ventricular chamber, and these forms can all be found with various ventriculo-arterial connexions. The anatomical features are illustrated with diagrams and with hearts sectioned so as to simulate diagnostic planes used during two-dimensional echocardiographic examination. The convention used for categorizing these hearts as either biventricular or univentricular is discussed, emphasizing how disagreements about such nosological matters should be subordinate to accurate description of the underlying anatomy. PMID- 7049817 TI - [Therapeutical comparison between atenolol and nifedipine in effort angina (author's transl)]. AB - In order to assess the therapeutical efficacy of atenolol in stable angina pectoris of effort, we studied 40 patients with a positive exercise stress test. Our double-blind study included a first group of 20 patients treated with atenolol, 100 mg once daily, and a second group of 20 subjects, treated with nifedipine (10 mg 3 times daily). The exercise test was performed before the treatment, after one month of placebo and after one month of therapy with nifedipine or atenolol. The variables examinated were the frequency of anginal chest pain, the quantity of nitroglycerin taken by the patients, the arterial pressure, the heart rate and the double product at the peak of the exercise testing. Differences between the results obtained in the two groups weren't statistically significant. PMID- 7049818 TI - [Evaluation by exercise test of effects of a single oral dose of atenolol in patients with stable angina (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty patients with stable angina have been undergone a multistage treadmill test, after a single oral dose of 100 mg of Atenolol, a beta 1 . selective blocking agent, in comparison to a previous test carried out after an identical looking placebo tablet. After placebo all the patients showed ischemic ST segment response (ST depression greater than 1 mm), 25 of them interrupting the test because of anginal pain (20 patients), or of ST depression greater than 3 mm (3 patients), or of ventricular ectopics (one patient), or of fatigue (one patient). After Atenolol 10 patients completed the planned test, 7 of them without ischemic changes of ST. 27 patients (90%) showed increased working capacity with significant reduction of heart-rate (FC), systolic blood pressure (PAS) and their product and of ST depression, either before and during and at the end of exercise. The recovery time of ischemic ECG change has been significantly reduced. The observed increased working capacity is attributed to the reduced myocardial O2 consumption expressed from the reduction of the product FC x PAS. Nevertheless at the end of exercise test after beta-blocking drug this product didn't reach the threshold value at which the test was interrupted in the first test after placebo. The authors discuss the possible cause of this effect of beta blocking drugs, which could be attributed to a reduction of coronary blood flow and/or to an increased myocardial tension because of increased end diastolic ventricular volume. However the Authors outline that the per cent increases of FC, PAS, and FC x PAS have not been reduced by the Atenolol, unlike their absolute values, at the threshold of angina: the ischemic reveals itself at same levels of per cent increase of the factors of O2 myocardial consumption, the later reaching of threshold values depending on the lower starting values. The advantages of Atenolol as regards the other beta-blocking drugs (better acceptability, stability and duration of action) are outlined too. PMID- 7049819 TI - [Dilazep vs. nifedipine in patients with stable effort angina. A double blind randomized study (author's transl)]. AB - In a randomized double-blind study the activity of dilazep (D) vs. nifedipine (N) was evaluated in 50 outpatients with effort angina; 26 were treated with dilazep 300 mg/die and 24 with nifedipine 30 mg/die. The observation period lasted 30 days. Before and at the end of treatment were evaluated: ECG, basal and during hyperventilation test, ergometric test, BP, HR, DP, ST depression, arrhythmias, maximum tolerated and total work done, number of anginal attacks and side effects. In 19 symptomatic subjects (D), weekly anginal crises were reduced (p less than 0.001) with normalization of 6 patients (31.6%). In group N a reduction (p less than 0.001) of anginal crises/weeks was recorded with normalization in 3 subjects out of 14 symptomatic (21.4%). In both groups ST depression was significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced. ECG during exercise normalized in 9 patients (34.6%) of D group and in 5 (20.9%) of N group. Total work performed increased after treatment in both groups. 13 patients of group D complained 19 side effects, all of short duration, whereas 54.2% (13 subjects) of group N complained 25 side effects 13 of which (52%) of short duration and 12 (48%) persistent. The results obtained pointed out a superimposable therapeutic efficacy of the two drugs, but dilazep was better tolerated. PMID- 7049820 TI - [Adrenaline, noradrenaline and 11-hydroxycorticosteroid during operatory stress of surgeons and after administration of oxprenolol (author's transl)]. AB - Urinary levels of free adrenaline, noradrenaline and 11-hydroxycorticosteroid were measured in 30 surgeons while they operated, to test the hypothesis that sympathetic and adrenocortical systems are overactivated by occupational environment of surgery procedures. They were divided in two groups according to a crossover design in which the surgeons had taken alternatively an oral dose of 40 mg oxprenolol and placebo. During operations with placebo urinary free adrenaline, noradrenaline and 11-hydroxycorticosteroid rose significantly compared with the control values obtained during ward-round performed by the same surgeons. The increase of adrenaline, noradrenaline and 11-hydroxycorticosteroid was abolished by 40 mg of oxprenolol which contained their urinary concentration to the control values. These data support the concept that operating stress of surgeons influences the adrenosympathetic and adrenocortical systems and they indicate a possible role of beta-blocking drugs in minimizing the adverse reactions of a such hormonal overactivity. PMID- 7049821 TI - [Influenza]. PMID- 7049822 TI - Gastroplasty for morbid obesity. Roentgen evaluation and spectrum of complications. AB - With the advent of autosuture devices, gastric partitioning procedures have recently become popular surgical treatment of morbid obesity. One such procedure is Gomez gastroplasty. Using an autosuture device a small gastric fundal pouch, having a reservoir capacity of 60 ml and communicating with the remaining stomach through a 12 mm stoma is created along the greater curvature of the stomach. A 3 0 polyprolene internal seromuscular suture is used to reinforce the stoma without incising the stomach. This gastroplasty is extremely attractive because of the disarming simplicity of the procedure and its noninterruption of the normal sequence of the digestive tract. This report is based on a joint review of 280 cases subjected to Gomez gastroplasty to combat morbid obesity. Postoperative radiological evaluation and the spectrum of observed complications are herein described. PMID- 7049823 TI - Studies on ADCC assay using antigen-coated cells as target for detection of anti LP-1 and anti-Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein. AB - To detect anti-LP-1 and anti-Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THGP), ADCC assay was attempted and in this assay antigen-coated FL cells were used as target. Dilution of rabbit antisera resulted in decreased % cytotoxicity but higher serum concentration than 10(4) x dilution of anti-LP-1 gave reduced % cytotoxicity. By absorption of anti-LP-1 with LP-1, the cytotoxicity was reduced, and by absorption of anti-THGP with LP-1 or THGP, the cytotoxicity was decreased in the same manner, suggesting that THGP might be existed in LP-1 preparation. The cytotoxicity was reduced when non-IgG-sheep red blood cell rosette forming cells were used as effector cells. So, it was suggested that in this assay the antibody specific to the corresponding antigen was required for the cytotoxicity and that lymphocytes bearing Fc-receptors might play a major role in the cytotoxicity of this assay. Conclusively this ADCC assay could be useful for detection of anti-LP 1 and anti-THGP in patients' sera. PMID- 7049824 TI - American Gastroenterological Association. Award of Friedenwald Medal to Thomas Clark Chalmers. PMID- 7049825 TI - Comparison of argon laser photocoagulation and bipolar electrocoagulation for endoscopic hemostasis in the canine colon. AB - Severe bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract commonly occurs from mucosal lesions such as angiodysplasia and less often from acute ulcerations. Endoscopic coagulation of such lesions is now feasible. Our purpose was to compare the efficacy and histologic injury of bipolar electrocoagulation and argon laser photocoagulation applied at laparotomy in the canine colon. After right colotomy and heparinization in adult mongrel dogs, bleeding standard ulcers were randomly assigned to treatment or control. The colonic ulcers randomized to each group were not significantly different in size or bleeding rate. Efficacy of treatment was evaluated acutely. Adjacent normal mucosa was treated with the same modality as the ulcer to simulate treatment of a mucosal lesion. The same total exposure time (argon laser photocoagulation) or number of pulses (bipolar electrocoagulation) was used for these paired treatments. Gross and histologic injury were determined after 7 days. Both argon laser photocoagulation and bipolar electrocoagulation were uniformly effective in controlling bleeding from standard colonic ulcers and the incidence of full thickness injury was similar, 33%-48%. The histologic damage seen with normal mucosa treatment was consistently less than with standard ulcers for all treatment groups. The difference is easily explained by the reduction in colonic wall thickness of about 50% with creation of standard ulcers. In our opinion, argon laser photocoagulation and bipolar electrocoagulation are safe enough to be used in clinical trials for control of colonic bleeding from mucosal lesions but not acute colonic ulcers. PMID- 7049826 TI - Release of gastric inhibitory peptide following a peptone meal in the dog. AB - Release of gastric inhibitory peptide into the circulation after peptone ingestion has not been demonstrated previously. In the present studies, 5 alert dogs with indwelling polyethylene portal venous catheters and gastric fistulas were studied. A meal of 10% peptone in 150 ml 0.9% NaCl, pH 7 was infused through the gastric fistula into the stomach. Gastric inhibitory peptide was measured by a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay in sera obtained simultaneously from portal and cephalic veins before and at 1, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, and 90 min after peptone infusion. Cephalic venous serum insulin and glucose concentrations were measured at the same time points. Mean basal portal and cephalic vein serum gastric inhibitory peptide concentrations were 136 +/- 22 and 34 +/- 10 (SEM) pg/ml, respectively. After infusion of the peptone meal, immediate increases in serum gastric inhibitory peptide levels were noted in both portal and peripheral circulation, with a peak of 597 +/- 151 pg/ml (p less than 0.02) at 8 min in portal venous serum and 323 +/- 95 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) at 15 min in cephalic venous serum. No significant increases in peripheral venous serum insulin concentration were detected throughout the entire collection period, whereas peripheral venous serum glucose levels increased slightly from a fasting level of 56 +/- 5 mg/dl to 72 +/- 5 mg/dl (p less than 0.05) at 90 min. The mean half-time of disappearance of intravenously administered gastric inhibitory peptide was found to be 7.6 +/- 1.5 (SEM) min. Results of these studies demonstrate prompt stimulation of gastric inhibitory peptide response to peptone, with peak serum gastric inhibitory peptide concentrations which are higher and occur earlier in portal than in peripheral blood. Gastric inhibitory peptide was found to have a brief half-time of disappearance, similar to that of other structurally related gastrointestinal peptides. PMID- 7049827 TI - [The terata on the world map of Richard de Haldingham (about 1280). An attempt at an interpretation]. AB - Richard de Haldingham's world map originates from the years about 1280 and is preserved in the cathedral of Hereford/Hereforshire (England). This map is a curious and in its type an old rare document for the early history of teratology. Richard's map not only reflects the antique view of universe during the Roman emperor Augustus Caesar, but also demonstrates plenty of mythical creatures and human monstrosities. As far as possible these terata (and imaginary monsters) are related to recent wellknown malformations. Their figurative representations are "raised" and idealized; they are situated above all in regions "far away". About it Richard as well as the other antique and medieval authors are tending to generalize (a single observed mis-shapen man becomes in the tradition during long years or centuries to a whole family or tribe of cyclops or nyctalops for instance). PMID- 7049828 TI - Regulation of the biosynthesis of insulin in isolated Brockmann bodies of the carp (Cyprinus carpio). PMID- 7049829 TI - Immunoreactive gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in the pituitary gland of neonatal platyfish. PMID- 7049830 TI - [HOK], a new yeast non-Mendelian trait, enables a replication-defective killer plasmid to be maintained. AB - The K1 killer plasmid, [KIL-k1], of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a 1.25 x 10(6) dalton linear double-stranded RNA plasmid coding for a protein toxin and immunity to that toxin. The [KIL-sd1] plasmid is a replication-defective mutant of [KIL k1] that depends on one of the recessive chromosomal superkiller (ski-) mutations for its maintenance (Toh-e and Wickner 1979). This report concerns a means by which [KIL-sd1] can be stably maintained in a SKI+ host. Strains carrying a plasmid we call [HOK] (helper of killer) stably maintain [KIL-sd1]. [HOK] segregates 4 [HOK]:0 in meiotic crosses and is efficiently transferred by cytoplasmic mixing (heterokaryon formation). [HOK] depends for its maintenance on the products of PET18, MAK3, and MAK10, three chromosomal genes needed to maintain [KIL-k1], but is independent of 10 other MAK genes and of MKT1. [HOK] is not mitochondrial DNA and is unaffected by agents which convert psi+ strains to psi-. [HOK] is also distinct from the previously described plasmids [URE3], 20S RNA, 2 mu DNA, and [EXL]. Strains lacking [HOK] consistently have a four-fold lower copy number of L double-stranded RNA than strains carrying [HOK]. PMID- 7049831 TI - The role of S. cerevisiae cell division cycle genes in nuclear fusion. AB - Forty temperature-sensitive cell division cycle (cdc) mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined for their ability to complete nuclear fusion during conjugation in crosses to a CDC parent strain at the restrictive temperature. Most of the cdc mutant alleles behaved as the CDC parent strain from which they were derived, in that zygotes produced predominantly diploid progeny with only a small fraction of zygotes giving rise to haploid progeny (cytoductants) that signalled a failure in nuclear fusion. However, cdc4 mutants exhibited a strong nuclear fusion (karyogamy) defect in crosses to a CDC parent and cdc28, cdc34 and cdc37 mutants exhibited a weak karyogamy defect. For all four mutants, the karyogamy defect and the cell cycle defect cosegregated, suggesting that both defects resulted from a single lesion for each of these cdc mutants. Therefore, the cdc 4, 28, 34 and 37 gene products are required in both cell division and karyogamy. PMID- 7049832 TI - Positive regulation in a eukaryote, a study of the uaY gene of Aspergillus nidulans: I. Characterization of alleles, dominance and complementation studies, and a fine structure map of the uaY--oxpA cluster. AB - In this paper we characterize genetically a positive eukaryotic regulatory gene: the uaY gene of the ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans. Several steps in the uptake and degradation of purines are under the control of the uaY gene (summarized in Scazzocchio and Gorton 1977). In the present paper 12 uaY-mutations are characterized with respect to their inducibility for adenine deaminase, xanthine dehydrogenase (purine hydroxylase I) and urate oxidase and by the absence of the uric acid-xanthine permease scored in vivo by resistance to 2-thiouric acid. While 10 mutations are uniformly unleaky, two others are almost wild type for the induction of urate oxidase. A fine structure map of the uaY gene shows that the two "leaky" mutations are not clustered. The fine structure mapping unambiguously positions six uaY alleles and provides preliminary but interesting trends regarding the pattern of gene conversion in the uaY gene. The enzyme levels in all uaY-/uaY+ heterozygous diploids are intermediate between the corresponding uaY-/uaY- and uaY+/uaY+ homozygous diploids, suggesting that one functional copy of the uaY gene is able to mediate the complete induction of only one set of structural genes. No complementation was found between any two uaY- alleles. This establishes that the mutations showing either of the phenotypes are alleles in the same gene; it fails to provide evidence for intracistronic complementation. A mutation, oxpA5, causes resistance to the xanthine analogue oxypurinol (4,6 dihydroxypyrazolo-(3, 4-d)-pyrimidine) and partial constitutivity of adenine deaminase, xanthine dehydrogenase (purine hydroxylase I) and urate oxidase. The constitutive phenotype is suppressed by mutations, blocking the synthesis of intracellular inducers. The mutation is recessive and complements fully with the 11 uaY- mutations tested. It maps to the left of all 12 uaY mutations to which it has been crossed. The data indicate that both the resistance and constitutivity arise from one mutational event in a gene, oxpA, different from uaY and possibly adjacent to it. We propose that the oxpA gene codes for a protein involved in limiting the flow of inducers into the cell nucleus. Thus oxpA and uaY constitute a regulatory gene cluster, indicating that uaY is the regulatory gene. PMID- 7049833 TI - [New class of RP4 plasmid mutations inducing a mucoid-type of Escherichia coli K 12 cell growth]. AB - A new class of mutations is described which induce mucoid growth of Escherichia coli K-12. Unlike classical capR and capS mutations, the mucoid phenotype of colonies of the cap forms obtained is determined by mutations in genomes of thermosensitive plasmids pEG1 and RP1-6Repts12, derivates of the RP1 Inc P1 Ap Tc Km factor and accompanied by a complete or partial loss of the thermosensitive character of maintenance. The morphological character induced by plasmids is not associated with changes in the sensitivity of bacteria to UV irradiation and is determined by superproduction of capsular polysaccharide differing in the chemical structure from colanic acid, a common capsular polysaccharide of E. coli K-12. PMID- 7049834 TI - [Effect of mutations in the relC and spoT genes of the "stringent" control regulatory system on the gene expression of Escherichia coli K-12 nucleoside catabolism]. AB - Influence of the relC and spoT mutations on the expression of catabolite sensitive promoters of the deo operon (cytP0 and the udp gene (udpP) was studied by defining the activity of thymidine phosphorylase (the deoA gene) and uridine phosphorylase (the udp gene) under conditions of amino acid limitation on media with different carbon sources and in the cya genome. Under certain conditions, the activity of cytP and udpP promoters increased under the action of the spoT mutation, whereas the relC mutation suppressed this effect. These findings may indicate indirectly that the ppGpp accumulation in the spoT mutant cell was responsible for the effect. However, the relC mutation itself resulted in a decrease of the activity of neither the cytP, nor the udpP. On the contrary, under certain conditions, in the cytR constitutives for thymidine phosphorylase and only in the "double" deoR cytR constitutives for uridine phosphorylase, the relC caused an increased in the cytP and udpP activity. The deoR-dependent synthesis of uridine phosphorylase was found in the relC genome, i.e. the activity of this enzyme was increased about two fold under the influence of the deoR mutation. The data obtained are explained based on the following suggestion. The ppGpp accumulation in the spoT cells, on the one hand, can activate the catabolite sensitive cytP and udpP promoters, thus promoting the Rho-dependent termination prior to these promoters (Sukhodolets, Mironov, Linkova, 1981) and, on the other hand, it can inhibit expression of catabolite sensitive promoters as a result of a possible indirect effect of lowering the level of intracellular cAMP. PMID- 7049835 TI - [Regulation of uridine phosphorylase gene activity in Escherichia coli K-12. II. A study of the nature of the constitutive synthesis of uridine phosphorylase in the rho15(ts) genome]. AB - The nature of uridine phosphorylase constitutive synthesis was studied in the rho15(ts) mutant strain of Escherichia coli. The rho15 mutation causes the 8-10 fold increase in uridine phosphorylase activity under conditions of both induction of enzyme synthesis by cytidine and complete inhibition of the udpP promoter activity in the crp background. These data indicate that regulation of the udp gene which is controlled by the cytR repressor protein and by cyclic AMP - CRP complex, is disturbed in the presence of the mutated rho factor. Introduction of the rho15 mutation into the udpP1 and udpP18 promoter mutants which are characterized by cytR and (or) CRP independent expression of the udp gene, leads to 2 fold reduction in uridine phosphorylase activity. From this, it may be concluded that the presence in bacteria of the rho15 mutation prevents transcription initiation from the intact udpP+ promoter and also leads to udpP1 and udpP18 mutant promoters inhibition. On the basis of these data, it is proposed that the effect of rho15 mutation on the udp gene expression is rather due to read-through transcription from an upstream highly efficient foreign promoter, than to relief of attenuation within the udp gene regulatory region. The uridine phosphorylase activity under control of this foreign promoter, i.e. in the rho15 genome, is reduced 2-3 fold when bacteria are grown on the minimal medium supplemented with L-methionine or casaamino acids. Based on these dat, it is suggested that increased udp gene expression in the rho15 background is due to read-through transcription, possibly, from the promoter of the neighbouring metE gene. PMID- 7049836 TI - [Mutation affecting the rate of RNA-polymerase beta beta'-subunit synthesis in Escherichia coli]. AB - As shown previously, rpoC1 temperature sensitive mutation affecting RNA polymerase beta' subunit, results in acceleration of beta beta' subunit synthesis at 42 degrees C. Also, it leads to the change in RNA polymerase sedimentation coefficient and to the reduction of RNA polymerase activity in vitro. According to the existing hypotheses, these properties of a mutant enzyme may be the cause of acceleration of synthesis of RNA polymerase in vitro. The opr1 mutation was found among Ts+ revertants of the Ts double mutant carrying rpoC1 and rif-r rpoB251 mutations. Reduction of the rate of beta beta' subunit synthesis caused by the opr1 mutation, is related to the structural changes of RNA polymerase itself. It has been shown, however, that the low activity in vitro and the altered sedimentation coefficient of the enzyme are not responsible for the accelerated synthesis of beta beta' subunits at 42 degrees C in the RpoC1 strains. Opr1 is a dominant mutation and it is located in the rpoBC region of the genetic map of Escherichia coli chromosome. PMID- 7049837 TI - The making of strand-specific M13 probes. AB - A novel approach has been developed for the preparation of highly radioactive, strand-specific M13 probes. A universal primer, complementary to the region 5' to the multiple cloning sites of M13mp7, was used to initiate the DNA synthesis of the complementary strand of the M13 sequence downstream from the inserted sequence. The synthesis of the (-) strand, which was labeled with a radioactively labeled precursor, did not proceed to completion so that the inserted sequence was kept single-stranded. Thus, a partially double-stranded probe that had the specificity of this inserted sequence was obtained. As an example for the application of single-stranded specific hybridization probes, an M13mp7 subclone of a zein cDNA clone of maize (A30) was labeled and used in a dot hybridization test to select from the hundreds of M13mp7 subclones of the zein genomic clone, Z4, the sequences complementary to the probe. The specificity of the probe was confirmed by dideoxy chain terminator sequencing experiments. PMID- 7049838 TI - Synthesis of a human insulin gene. V. Enzymatic assembly, cloning and characterization of the human proinsulin DNA. AB - To form a 258-bp sequence coding for human proinsulin, 41 synthetic deoxyribo oligonucleotide fragments of 11 to 15 nucleotides in length were assembled by enzymatic methods. The coding sequence is preceded by ATG and following by TGA for translation start and stop signals, and terminated in an EcoRI and a BamHI recognition sequence. The complete synthetic sequence was ligated to a plasmid and cloned in Escherichia coli. The cloned DNA was shown to have the correct human proinsulin coding sequence. PMID- 7049839 TI - Nucleotide sequences of cloned cDNA fragments specific for six Xenopus laevis ribosomal proteins. AB - We have previously constructed and selected six recombinant plasmids containing cDNA sequences specific for different ribosomal proteins of Xenopus laevis (Bozzoni et al., 1981). DNA cloned in these plasmids have been isolated and sequenced. Amino acid sequences of the corresponding portions of the proteins have been derived from DNA sequences; they are arginine- and lysine-rich as expected for ribosomal proteins. One of the cDNA sequences has an open reading frame also on the strand complementary to the one coding for the ribosomal protein; this fragment has inverted repeats twenty nucleotides lone at the two ends. The codon usage for the six sequences appears to be non-random with some differences among the ribosomal proteins analysed. PMID- 7049840 TI - Physical map of pColA-CA31, an amplifiable plasmid, and location of colicin A structural gene. AB - Evidence showing that the plasmic ColA, derived from strain CA31[pColA] can be amplified in the presence of chloramphenicol is presented. This plasmid has been purified and its Mr-value has been found to be 4.6 X 10(6) or 7 kb. Twelve cleavage sites have been mapped in pColA by using single and double restriction endonuclease digestions. These sites were ordered in relation to the single HindIII site. The other restriction endonucleases used were, respectively, SmaI, AvaI, PstI and HincII. Establishment of the map was helped by hybridization of pColA endonuclease digest products with 32P-labeled colicin A-mRNA. The structural gene for colicin A was contained in a 2.17-kb HincII fragment. PMID- 7049841 TI - Cloning of cDNA encoding the sweet-tasting plant protein thaumatin and its expression in Escherichia coli. AB - The structural gene of the sweet-tasting plant protein (prepro)thaumatin was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Expression was effected under control of lac and trp promoter/operator systems and through the use of bacterial ribosome-binding sites. The naturally occurring thaumatin II represents a processed form. The primary translation product, preprothaumatin, of the cloned mRNA-derived cDNA contains extensions at both the amino terminus and the carboxy terminus. The amino terminal extension of 22 amino acids is hydrophobic and very much resembles an excretion-related signal sequence. The six amino acids-long carboxy terminal extension is very acidic in character, in contrast to the overall highly basic thaumatin molecule. The possible role of such an acidic tail with respect to compartmentalization is discussed. PMID- 7049843 TI - Militant elderly: the wave of the present. PMID- 7049842 TI - The nucleotide sequence of the HIS4 region of yeast. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the yeast HIS4 gene and its 5' and 3' flanking sequences. The protein chain has a calculated Mr-value of 87 935. Th 5' end of the HIS4 transcript maps at a position 63 bp upstream from the site of initiation of protein synthesis. The 3' end of the HIS4 transcript maps at a position approx. 118 bp after the UAG termination codon. There is no evidence for intervening sequences within the transcription unit. Functional sub-regions within the HIS4 coding frame have been identified by determining the sequence changes for various his4 mutations. PMID- 7049844 TI - Reducing mortality from gram-negative bacterial infections. PMID- 7049845 TI - Effective therapy for chronic bronchitis and emphysema. PMID- 7049846 TI - [The rediscovered "Pharmacia contracta" of Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1672-1733)]. PMID- 7049847 TI - [The preparation of white matter of the brain by Stensen, Willis and Vieussens]. PMID- 7049848 TI - [Morgagni between Malpighi and Cotugno. From anatomic microscopy (Malpighi) to anatomic pathology (Morgani) toward pathologic histology (Cotugno)]. PMID- 7049849 TI - [Medical topics in the writings of Edward Browne (1642-1708)]. PMID- 7049850 TI - [The personality of Karl Gustav Jung]. PMID- 7049851 TI - [The influenza epidemic of 1918/1919 in the Swiss army]. PMID- 7049852 TI - [Walter Rudolf Hess. His life and activities at the the University of Zurich Medical School centennial celebration of his birth: 14 March 1981)]. PMID- 7049853 TI - [Walter Rudolf Hess as an ophthalmologist]. PMID- 7049854 TI - [Improved work planning: the means to better management of the epidemiological health service]. PMID- 7049855 TI - [25th anniversary of the Department of Radiation Hygiene]. PMID- 7049856 TI - [Automatic control over water quality in the population's water supply lines]. PMID- 7049857 TI - [Determination of the information value of signs for the early diagnosis and differentiation of the stages of dust-generated bronchitis]. PMID- 7049858 TI - [Importance of trace elements in obstetrics]. PMID- 7049859 TI - Leucocyte function in ulcerative colitis. Quantitative leucocyte mobilisation to skin windows and in vitro function of blood leucocytes. AB - Leucocyte function was evaluated by the in vivo mobilisation to skin windows with chambers and by the chemotactic, phagocytic, and nitro blue tetrazolium reducing capacity of blood leucocytes from 20 patients with ulcerative colitis. The total number of leucocytes mobilised to the chambers after 12 hours did not differ from those in 21 healthy volunteers. After 24 and 48 hours reduced number of leucocytes were mobilised by patients with ulcerative colitis (p less than 0.01). Correspondingly, the leucocyte migration rates were normal initially but were reduced after 18 hours Mobilisation in vivo was positively correlated to the blood neutrophil count (Rho:0.5549 po less than 0.02) but unrelated to clinical activity. Blood leucocytes showed reduced random migration in vitro as well as chemotactic response to casein (p less than 0.01). Serum independent and dependent phagocytosis did not differ from healthy volunteers. Nitro blue tetrazolium reduction by resting leucocytes was increased (p less than 0.01) in ulcerative colitis compared with controls. Our findings suggest altered in vivo mobilisation and in vitro migration of leucocytes in ulcerative colitis with increased spontaneous nitro blue tetrazolium reduction reflecting increased generation of potentially tissue damaging agents. The findings probably reflect changes secondary to the disease but which may be important in maintaining the inflammatory process. PMID- 7049861 TI - [Historical development of surgery of the flexor tendons]. AB - The author describes the evolution of ideas, which have resulted from the different concepts on the healing process of flexor tendons in the digital sheath. Two theories have been held in opposition since the middle of the nineteenth century: intrinsic axial healing after Paget (1814-1899) and extrinsic peripheral healing after Adams (1920-1900). These two theories are still supported by good arguments. Research on animals and anatomical studies on man have shown with great exactitude the route of vascularization of flexor tendons, especially through the mesotenons and vincula and also that synovial fluid is not only a lubricant but also a nutritional environment, in the same way as the synovial fluid in a joint (Lundborg). This fluid plays an important role in the endosynovial healing of sutured tendons provided that the sheath is maintained intact. To limit adhesions to a minimum after endosynovial tendon suture, one must try to follow three basic principles: I. Preservation of the vessels of the tendons II. Early mobilization III. Closure of the synovial sheath. PMID- 7049862 TI - [Glide-amplitude measurements in the dynamic treatment of flexor tendons]. PMID- 7049860 TI - Exocrine pancreatic function tests. PMID- 7049863 TI - [The flexor tendon suture]. PMID- 7049864 TI - [Primary care of extensor tendon injuries]. AB - Therapeutic conclusions are derived from the anatomical peculiarities of the extensor apparatus of the fingers and the extensor tendons of the metacarpus and the wrist. In open wounds primary sutures are universally possible and promising except in cases with tendon defects or with special risk of infection. Our preferred technique employs a central wire suture which is barbed to resist proximal traction, combined with fine peripheral sutures. In closed ruptures at the DIP-level conservative as well as operative treatment can be advised, whereas at the PIP-joint and in more proximal regions operative measures are preferred. PMID- 7049865 TI - [Stable osteosynthesis and autologous bone graft in compound hand fractures with bone defects]. AB - The use of large cortico-cancellous bone grafts in reconstructive surgery of the skeleton of the hand had been greatly facilitated by the advent of stable internal fixation techniques. In cases with bone-defects or large areas of comminution there is less hazard in using primary bone grafts rather than pursuing pain-staking open reduction and fixation of small fragments. When numerous structures are severely injured, primary reconstruction of skin and tendons is dependent upon sound primary reestablishment of bony continuity. Aftercare is then directed exclusively to the demands of the non-bony structures which have been repaired. PMID- 7049866 TI - [Schwannoma of the ramus profundus of the radial nerve]. PMID- 7049867 TI - [Caffey's disease--as an expression of thrombocytosis]. PMID- 7049868 TI - [Fever in endocrinological disorders]. PMID- 7049869 TI - End-stage renal disease in Jamaica: how patients cope in a developing society. PMID- 7049870 TI - Medicaid reform. PMID- 7049871 TI - Small terrestrial mammals as reservoirs of leptospires in the Sava Valley (Croatia). AB - Small mammals trapped in seven sites along the river Sava in Croatia were examined for leptospiral infection by renoculture and serological methods. Of the 1749 animals caught 702 were examined by renoculture method and 626 were tested by microagglutination-lysis. The dominant animals species caught were Microtus arvalis (672 animals) and Apodemus agrarius (552 animals). Of the 115 strains of leptospires isolated the dominant serotypes were L. grippotyphosa (40) and L. pomona (35). Five strains of L. sejroe, 9 strains of L. australis, 1 strain of L. bataviae and 25 undetermined strains were isolated, the infection rate ranging from 3 to 32%. Serologic evidence of infection was demonstrated in 91 animals, the prevalence ranging from 0 to 43% of animals depending on the trapping site. Specific agglutinins most frequently encountered were those against L. pomona (50) and L. grippotyphosa (26), though agglutinins against L. jalna (5), L. bataviae (4), L. bratislava (3) etc., were also found. A high degree if association between L. grippotyphosa and the common vole as well as between L. pomona and the field mouse was found indicating that as far as these two types of leptospires are concerned the Sava valley may be considered as their vast natural focus. It was also concluded that wild small mammals in this region of Croatia may be a source of leptospiral infection for the local population as well as for outdoor-reared domestic animals (swine, bovine). PMID- 7049872 TI - A survey of colicin types and phage types of Shigella sonnei in Czechoslovakia 1976-1978. AB - Inthe years 1976-1978 3,552 strains of Shigella sonnei obtained from the whole Czechoslovak territory by the method of colicin typing and phage typing was examined. Each strain represented always one focus. 81.3% of the strains were colicinogenic. Twenty-one colicin types, 41 characteristic and 105 non characteristic phage types participated in bacillary dysentery. Of the total number, 77.4% belonged to 9 phage types (2, 3, 6, 65, 67, 75, NC IV-VIII- and NC III-IV-VIII-), which are endemic in Czechoslovakia. Of the 2,889 colicinogenic strains, 85% belonged to 3 colicin types: 2 = Ia (31%), 6/11 = E1 (27%), 12 = E6 (27%). Some phage types produced predominantly colicin of a certain type. PMID- 7049873 TI - Migration of leukocytes under agarose in the presence of some polymers. AB - When investigating migration and chemotaxis of leukocytes under agarose polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; 11 kg/mol) and polyethyleneglycol (PEG; 6 kg/mol) were used instead of serum. The highest migration was detected with 0.5-1 mm of PVP. Phagocytosis was not influenced either by PVP or PEG within a concentration range of 0.01-1 mm. PMID- 7049874 TI - The pyrrolizidine alkaloids. PMID- 7049875 TI - Alkaloids of neotropical poison frogs (Dendrobatidae). PMID- 7049876 TI - Streptonigrin. PMID- 7049877 TI - [The Dahlem project and its breakdown. A scientifico-political model of medical research at the threshold of the 20th century - On the history of the Robert Koch Institute and Charity Hospital]. PMID- 7049878 TI - [Effect of a secretolytic agent (bromhexine) on the penetration of erythromycin into bronchial secretions]. AB - The authors report the results of a double blind study in 22 patients on the penetration of erythromycin into bronchial secretion. The antibiotic erythromycin was administered in combination with bromhexine, which is known to disrupt mucopolysaccharide fibers in respiratory secretions. The objective of the study was to demonstrate the possible increase of the rate of penetration of erythromycin when combined with bromhexine. The study was carried out in a double blind experiment; bronchial secretions were obtained from patients with bronchial hypersecretion by means of fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The assessment of erythromycin concentrations in all samples was performed by means of microbiological agar diffusion method. The results of the investigation show a significant increase of the ratios between bronchial levels and simultaneous serum concentrations of erythromycin when administered in combination with bromhexine. The results of this preliminary study suggest the continuation of similar investigations with other antibiotics usually administered for the treatment of respiratory infections. PMID- 7049879 TI - [Unspecific tissue reactions caused by glove powder]. AB - Macro- and histopathological examinations were performed on 200 Wistar rats of both sexes which had been intraperitoneally treated with either Brauns resorbable surgical glove powder or Bio-sorb surgical glove powder; control animals were injected with talcum powder. Talcum resulted in the well known foreign body granuloma along with adhesions. The amylaceous powders induced an initial inflammatory reaction with a subsequent non-reactive interval and thereafter solitary foreign body granulomas were formed. After terminating the experiment (12 weeks), no adhesions could be detected in animals treated with starch containing powder. A resorption of the powder was assumed in that the number of powder crystals was greatly reduced by the end of the experiment. The granulomas which developed after the 12th week were regarded as resorption granulomas. The development of adhesions was minimal with both types of amylaceous powder. PMID- 7049880 TI - Possibilities and limitations of the cytostatic treatment of gastrointestinal carcinoma. PMID- 7049881 TI - Low-renin, low-aldosterone hypertension and abnormal cortisol metabolism in a 19 month-old child. AB - A 19-month-old boy presented with failure to thrive and polydipsia. Low-renin hypertension was diagnosed by the presence of hypertension, hypokalaemic alkalosis, suppressed plasma renin activity and low plasma aldosterone. Plasma levels and urinary excretion of other mineralocorticoids and glucocorticosteroids were low or normal. Urinary tetrahydrocortisol (THF) was increased relative to tetrahydrocortisone (THE) and also the plasma cortisol to cortisone ratio was elevated. These findings are suggestive of a decreased activity of cortisol-11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Hypertension and hypokalaemia were not influenced by spironolactone and dexamethasone. Triamterene normalised serum potassium, but addition of furosemide was required for lowering blood pressure. With this treatment catch-up growth was observed. PMID- 7049882 TI - Insulin specific binding to erythrocytes of normal and hypoglycemic infants. PMID- 7049883 TI - Clinical variability of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - Studies in 18 Jewish families from Morocco, Tunis, Turkey and Iran revealed 26 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. The clinical expression of androgen excess varied widely in affected females, and range from solely enlarged clitoris in the mildest forms to severely hypertrophied clitoris with penile urethra and fused labial-scrotal folds in the most extreme forms of masculinization. Intermediate degrees of severity were manifested by ambiguous genitalia. There was no correlation between the degree of virilization and the signs of mineralocorticoid excess. Severe volume-induced hypertension leading to vascular accidents and death were also observed in severe as well as in mildly virilized patients, while completely masculinized females were sometime normotensive. Overt hypokalemia was present in 6 patients but was not a constant feature of hypertensives. However, all affected individuals, except for 2 infants, had very low levels of plasma renin activity suggesting that a state of volume expansion was indeed present in the majority of cases, even though changes in blood pressure did not always occur. The clinical expression of this disorder is characterized by a wide range of variability in the signs of both androgen and mineralocorticoid excess, which do not necessarily correlate with the quantity of hormones secreted. PMID- 7049884 TI - [An improved method for the combination of modified insulin chains (author's transl)]. AB - A procedure is described in which the yields of the combination of insulin A and B chains, especially of modified chains, are increased. The chains are reduced simultaneously in 8M urea buffer at pH 8.6 with 2-mercaptoethanol. The thiol chains are not isolated but transferred to the oxidation buffer at pH 10.6 by means of gel chromatography on Sephadex G-25. During the chromatography about 50% of the tetrathiol A chain is oxidized specifically to a dithiol A chain disulphide, in which presumably the 6,11-disulphide ring is closen. Generally we observed that the combination yields of modified A or B chains are lower than the yields of combinations of unmodified A or B chains. It seems that there is a correlation between the biological activity of the analogue and the yield obtained by the recombination of the chains. PMID- 7049885 TI - On the cytostatic mechanism of cyclophosphamide. Inhibition of aminoacylation of transfer RNA and induction of stringent control in Escherichia coli by 4 hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. AB - 4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide, a highly cytotoxic derivative of cyclophosphamide, has bacteriostatic properties at concentrations higher than 80 microM when given to Escherichia coli growing in glucose/salt medium. The inhibitory effect on growth, protein and RNA syntheses is relieved by the addition of a mixture of amino acids, with leucine being obligatory. In cells treated with the drug, aminoacylation of tRNALeu is drastically decreased, but the content of free leucine is not. It is concluded that 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide interferes with the charging process of tRNALeu in E. coli leading to an inhibition of protein synthesis. The concomitant inhibition of RNA synthesis can adequately by explained by the stringent response phenomena. In a relaxed mutant strain (rel) of E. coli, protein synthesis is also inhibited, but the accumulation of RNA continues after the addition of the drug. Guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp), the putative mediator of the stringent control, accumulates in drug-treated stringently controlled E coli but not in the relaxed mutant. An additional direct effect of the drug on RNA synthesis can therefore be ruled out. PMID- 7049886 TI - Microcomputers in enzymology. A versatile BASIC computer program for analyzing kinetic data. AB - Direct curve-fitting is uncontested as the method of choice for evaluating kinetic experiments. If carried out by computer, the numerical solution of such problems is superior to customary graphical procedures in any respect. However, most programs available to date, cannot be executed by small systems. We now describe a BASIC program for desk-top microcomputers that performs linear and non linear regression analysis of kinetic data. It may be directly applied to a number of problems common in enzyme kinetics, and is easily modified to handle further ones. The performance of the program is illustrated by some typical applications; in addition, fundamental statistical methods are discussed that allow a critical examination of the results obtained. PMID- 7049887 TI - Iodinated [A1-N gamma-(4-azidophenylacetyl)-D-alpha, gamma-diaminobutyric acid]insulin: its preparation and properties. AB - The synthesis of a photo-sensitive analogue of pork insulin (A1-N gamma-(4 azidophenylacetyl)-D-alpha, gamma-diaminobutyric acid]insulin is reported. It could be shown that this analogue forms specific cross-links to binding proteins on irradiation with UV light. Furthermore, it was shown that the photo-label itself was not iodinated, nor did it influence the normal distribution of iodination. It can be concluded that this derivative bears all of the characteristics necessary for specifically labeling membrane-bound receptors. PMID- 7049888 TI - Survey on substrate specificity with regard to ATP analogs of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases from E. coli and from Baker's yeast. Correlation to synthetase families. AB - The substrate specificity of twenty aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases from E. coli and thirteen enzymes from baker's yeast with regard to eight ATP analogs is investigated for a comparison of the active-site topography. The enzymes are arranged in a scheme of possible "enzyme families" and compared to earlier schemes. PMID- 7049889 TI - Rhein as an electron acceptor for various flavoproteins and for electron transport particles. AB - Rhein (4,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid) which has been previously employed as an inhibitor for electron transport particles, NADH dehydrogenase, and other flavoproteins is reducible under physiological conditions. Soluble hydrogenase from Alcaligenes eutrophus H 16, several flavoproteins, and electron transport particles from baker's yeast and from beef heart were found to catalyse NADH oxidation with 9 micrometers to 2mM rhein as the electron acceptor. Dithionite or enzymatically reduced rhein (lambda max = 408 nm) is immediately reoxidized to rhein lambda max = 437 nm) by oxygen. Cyclovoltagrams reveal the midpoint redox potentials --0.240 V, -0.270 V, -0.280 V, -0.335 V at pH 6.0, 7.0, 7.7, 9.2, respectively. Due to its redox behaviour, caution should be exercised using rhein as a flavin-site-directed inhibitor for biological electron transfer systems. PMID- 7049890 TI - Improved adsorbents for the affinity chromatography of aminopeptidases. AB - In order to develop efficient and, at the same time, economical aminopeptidase adsorbents, derivatives of 3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoic acid (Ahp) were examined in view of a prospective use as immobilized ligands. In addition, some methods of linking these compounds to aminohexyl-Sepharose were critically compared. It turned out that highest yields can be obtained by carbodiimide coupling of unprotected tripeptides containing C-terminal glycine. A material of this type, (2S,3S)-Ahp-Val-Gly-aminohexyl-Sepharose, proved to be an excellent affinity absorbent for two rather dissimilar aminopeptidases from yeast. The enzymes were strongly bound, even under unfavourable conditions, but were readily eluted again by low concentrations of Zn2+. PMID- 7049891 TI - Cross-linked [DAlaA1]Insulins. Evidence for a change in the conformation of the insulin monomer at its receptor. AB - [(Boc-DAla)2A1,B1]Insulin was produced by reaction of insulin with phenylisothiocyanate, protection of the B29-epsilon-amino function with the Msc residue, Edman degradation, reaction of A2 and B2 with Boc-DAla-ONSu, and removal of the Msc group. This derivative was used to prepare [DAla2A1,B1]insulin, a B29 B29' dimer, and N alpha A1, N epsilon B29-diaminosuberoyl-[DAla2 A1,B1]-insulin. These derivatives had lipogenic potencies similar to those already reported for analogous derivatives of native insulin (87%, 2.8%, and 8.7% respectively). This suggests that the low activities observed for A1-B29 cross-linked insulins is not due to perturbation of the N-terminus of the A chain. It is argued that the hindrance of a slight conformational adjustment involving the C-terminus of the B chain by the cross-link is a more likely explanation. PMID- 7049892 TI - [Pteridine secretion as a marker for the proliferation of alloantigen-induced lymphocytes (author's transl)]. AB - Pteridine levels from supernatants of mixed lymphocyte cultures and from urinary samples of allogeneic kidney transplant recipients were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Marked proliferation of alloreactive lymphocytes was paralleled by an increased release of pteridines. In human allograft recipients rejection episodes were preceded at least 1-2 days by increased urinary neopterin levels. Thus, the urinary neopterin estimation is useful in the early detection of immunological rejections. PMID- 7049893 TI - Specialty hospitals: the changing times of children's hospitals. PMID- 7049894 TI - The pattern of myocardial degeneration in nonischemic congestive cardiomyopathy. AB - The histopathologic features of nonischemic congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM) include diffuse and focal fibrosis, vacuolar degeneration, and myofiber hypertrophy. Eleven patients with CCM and five controls were studied. Fibrosis and degree of vacuolization were quantified by means of stereologic techniques; myocardial cell diameter was measured with an ocular micrometer. Five levels of the left ventricular free wall were examined. Area I was immediately subepicardial, and area 5 was immediately subendocardial. In all areas, fibrosis, vacuolization, and fiber diameter were significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group (P less than 0.05). In addition, fibrosis and vacuolization had an umbrella distribution, which peaked in area 4, the area adjacent to the subendocardium (P less than 0.01). The distributions of fibrosis and vacuolar degeneration suggest compromised blood flow to the inner myocardial layers, with relative sparing of the immediate subendocardial region owing to its proximity to the left ventricular cavity. PMID- 7049895 TI - Pathologic features of muscle in systemic lupus erythematosus: a biopsy series with comparative clinical and immunopathologic observations. AB - Clinical evidence of skeletal muscle involvement is frequent in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In order to characterize the manifestations of SLE in skeletal muscle, a biopsy series on 19 patients with SLE was studied in terms of the histologic, histochemical, and direct immunofluorescent features of skeletal muscle. The results were correlated with clinical and laboratory data. The histologic spectrum included inflammatory myopathy, vasculitis, perifascicular atrophy, and neurogenic atrophy. Histochemical examination revealed type I fiber predominance in 44 per cent of patients and selective type II fiber atrophy in 33 per cent. Direct immunofluorescent examination of skeletal muscle biopsy specimens revealed immunoglobulin and complement deposition in vessel walls, in sarcolemmal basement-membrane areas, and within non-necrotic muscle fibers. The histologic, histochemical, and immunochemical findings are correlated with the findings in other organ systems. PMID- 7049896 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with immunologic phenotype similar to non-T, non-B acute lymphocytic leukemia. AB - A diagnosis of diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma was made from a biopsy of a scapular mass on a 24-month-old child. The bone marrow and peripheral blood were not involved in the neoplastic process. Neoplastic cells stained negatively for Sudan black B, myeloperoxidase, periodic acid-Schiff reagent, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, and acid phosphatase. In addition, neoplastic cells did not form nonimmune rosettes with sheep erythrocytes or contain surface membrane immunoglobulin. However, neoplastic cells were positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and "Ia-like" antigen. We conclude that this non Hodgkin's lymphoma has a cytochemical and immunologic phenotype similar to that of lymphoblasts from cases of non-T, non-B acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 7049897 TI - The clinical pathologist: physician, not administrator. PMID- 7049898 TI - 2,4-Diaminoanisole and 2,4-diaminoanisole sulphate. PMID- 7049899 TI - 1,5-Naphthalenediamine. PMID- 7049900 TI - 2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobenzidine. PMID- 7049901 TI - 4,4'-Thiodianiline. PMID- 7049902 TI - 2,4,5- and 2,4,6-Trimethylaniline and their hydrochlorides. PMID- 7049903 TI - 2-Aminoanthraquinone. PMID- 7049905 TI - An improved design and technique for mucosal inserts. PMID- 7049904 TI - N-Nitrosodiphenylamine. PMID- 7049906 TI - Proteinase-induced modulation of the activity of rat macrophages to bind rabbit IgG-sensitized sheep erythrocytes. AB - Rat alveolar and peritoneal macrophages were tested in a rosetting assay for their capacity to bind rabbit IgG antibody sensitized sheep erythrocytes (EA) before and after various times of incubation with proteolytic enzymes. With most enzymes, a biphasic effect on EA rosette formation was observed: an initial enhancement was followed by a reduction of the number of rosette-forming cells (RFC). The extent and rate of these changes depended on the type and concentration of the enzyme and on the amount of IgG antibodies used to sensitize the sheep erythrocytes. At low enzyme concentrations and with lowly sensitized EA, the phase of RFC enhancement was more prominent and prolonged. With an increase of enzyme concentration, the rate of reduction of RFC was increased. With regard to different enzymes, the highest rate of receptor degradation was found with pronase, followed by trypsin, whereas alpha-chymotrypsin had little receptor-degrading activity. A slight enhancement not followed by a loss of EA rosetting activity was induced by granulocyte elastase at the concentrations studied. The results may give an explanation to contradicting reports in the literature, in which a single dose or just a few doses of proteolytic enzymes were employed and no kinetic studies were performed. In addition, EA-rosette inhibiting material was found in supernatants of macrophage cultures, suggesting that receptor-like material was shed during incubation in serum-free medium. This material lost its EA-rosette-inhibiting capacity after proteinase treatment. PMID- 7049907 TI - Cell populations in leucocyte adherence inhibition: requirement for T lymphocytes with IgG Fc receptors. AB - The subset identity of T lymphocytes participating in the leucocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) reaction was investigated. Humans were immunized with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) and their cellular immunity was tested by means of the haemocytometer variant of the LAI method. Their lymphocytes were fractionated by rosetting methods employing neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes and IgG- or IgM-coated ox erythrocytes. The T lymphocytes rosetted by IgG-coated ox cells (T gamma) reacted with KLH to give specific LAI reactions. Non-T gamma cells failed to react. The T gamma cells released a lymphokine which caused an LAI reaction of T lymphocytes from non-immunized donors. Immune non-T gamma cells, when incubated with KLH yielded inactive supernates. The normal cells which gave positive LAI responses to the lymphokine also proved to belong exclusively to the T gamma subclass. Cells positively selected with IgM-coated ox cells (T micro) were inactive while the non-T micro lymphocytes behaved like the T gamma cells. It was shown that the activity was confined to the T gamma subset throughout the time course of a primary immune response. Thus, LAI reactivity appears to be a property of a very small subclass of lymphocytes which communicate with each other by means of a soluble factor. PMID- 7049908 TI - Possible role of isoantibodies to pancreatic antigens in diabetes. PMID- 7049910 TI - Indirect immunofluorescence test for anti-DNA antibodies. PMID- 7049909 TI - Evidence for two male antigens in mice. PMID- 7049912 TI - Effects of insulin administered into cerebrospinal fluid spaces on blood glucose in unanaesthetized and anaesthetized dogs. PMID- 7049913 TI - Comparison of soluble antigen fluorescent antibody test with indirect haemagglutination tests in serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. PMID- 7049914 TI - Another perspective on malaria vaccines. PMID- 7049915 TI - Incidence and management of glaucoma in post operative cases of penetrating keratoplasty. PMID- 7049916 TI - Corneal transplantation in scleral staphylomas. PMID- 7049917 TI - Effects of chronic sodium depletion on canine brain renin and cathepsin D activities. AB - The activities of brain renin and cathepsin D were measured in brain regions of 10 dogs on a normal sodium intake (65 mEq Na+/day) and 10 other dogs placed on a low sodium diet (less than 4 mEq Na+/day) for 21 days and given a diuretic. The purpose of this study was twofold: to assess the effect of sodium depletion on brain renin activity; and to assess in the same regions alterations in brain renin and cathepsin D activities. Sodium depletion caused a ninefold increase in plasma renin activity, hemoconcentration, and hyponatremia. In the presence of marked hyperreninemia, the average cerebral renin activity was reduced significantly; the most pronounced changes occurred in the upper and lower brain stem regions. Cerebrospinal fluid renin was increased by 30%, but this change was not significant in sodium-depleted dogs. There were no significant alterations in cathepsin D activity whether assessed in total or regional brain areas. These observations support the view that there is an inverse relationship between plasma and brain renin activity in chronically sodium-depleted dogs. Additionally, evidence is provided that brain renin activity is modified independently from cathepsin D activity. PMID- 7049918 TI - Furosemide increases urine 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha. Relation to natriuresis, vasodilation, and renin release. PMID- 7049919 TI - Potentiation of bradykinin by captopril during suppression of prostacyclin synthesis. AB - The effect of captopril on blood pressure and on the depressor responses to intravenously administered bradykinin was examined in anesthetized normotensive rats during inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. The hypotensive action of captopril persisted after treatment with indomethacin in doses that markedly suppressed urinary excretion of the prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha. Captopril markedly potentiated the vasodepressor responses to intravenous bradykinin given by bolus injection or continuous infusion. Neither the magnitude nor the duration of the blood pressure fall were affected by treatment with indomethacin. It is concluded that in the anesthetized rat the hypotensive action of captopril and its augmentation of the depressor response to bradykinin is independent of prostacyclin synthesis. PMID- 7049920 TI - Effect of colchicine on drug-induced changes in plasma renin concentration in rats. AB - Cytoplasmic microtubules appear to play a role in the secretion of a variety of protein and protein hormones. Involvement of microtubules in renin secretion has been hypothesized but not established. The present studies were designed to determine: 1) if the antimicrotubule drug, colchicine, would alter plasma renin concentration (PRC); and 2) if changes in PRC could be related to an effect on cytoplasmic microtubules. Dose response experiments in Sprague-Dawley rats showed that 0.4 or 0.8 mg/kg/day i.p. of colchicine for 3 days significantly increased PRC while a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day was without effect. The increase in PRC at the higher doses was associated with toxicity of the drug. In other experiments, rats pretreated with colchicine (0.2 mg/kg/day) or saline received either furosemide (5 mg/kg) or isoproterenol (25 micrograms/rat) i.p. to stimulate renin secretion. Colchicine at a dose that did not alter basal PRC significantly inhibited an increase in PRC after stimulation with either isoproterenol or furosemide. Lumicolchicine, a structural isomer of colchicine without antimicrotubule activity, did not alter the response to isoproterenol stimulation. These data suggest that microtubules play a role in the increase in renin secretion following stimulation. PMID- 7049921 TI - Blood pressure and hormone changes associated with weight reduction in the obese. AB - This study examines factors modulating blood pressure reduction in obese patients undergoing weight reduction on a low calorie protein diet. Plasma norepinephrine (NE) was correlated (r = 0.65, p less than 0.01) with blood pressure in 20 obese patients prior to weight loss. Reductions in blood pressure levels following upright posture and isometric handgrip exercise were related to reduction in NE levels after these maneuvers. While plasma epinephrine levels declined in parallel with NE levels, plasma dopamine actually increased (p less than 0.05) during the first 2 weeks of caloric restriction. Prior to weight loss the obese patients demonstrated a significant rise in prolactin levels following posture and exercise, but following caloric restriction this was not observed. Levels of plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone obtained after posture and exercise maneuvers were reduced after 8 weeks of caloric restriction, and reductions in PRA were related to reductions in NE (r = 0.56, p less than 0.01). Reductions in blood pressure in association with caloric restriction in these obese patients seems to result, in part, from reduced sympathetic nervous system activity as well as secondary effects of reduced adrenergic activity on renal sodium excretion and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis. PMID- 7049922 TI - Pressor factors and cardiovascular pressor responsiveness in lean and overweight normal or hypertensive subjects. AB - Several blood-pressure-regulating factors including exchangeable sodium, blood volume, plasma renin, aldosterone, norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (E) levels, urinary catecholamine excretion rates, and cardiovascular responsiveness to infused NE and angiotensin II (AII) were compared among age-matched subgroups of normal subjects (15 with normal weight, 15 with overweight) and patients with essential hypertension (15 with either normal weight, overweight, or obesity). Exchangeable sodium, blood volume, plasma and urinary sodium and potassium, plasma renin, aldosterone and epinephrine levels, and NE or E excretion rates did not differ significantly among the five subgroups. Minimal differences included a slightly higher heart rate in overweight patients than in overweight normal subjects (p less than 0.01) and a tendency for a higher plasma NE in overweight than in normal weight patients. Plasma NE obtained immediately before NE infusion as well as the plasma clearance of NE did not differ among the five subgroups except, however, for a somewhat low NE clearance in obese patients. The NE pressor dose tended to be lower in normal-weight hypertensive than in normal weight normotensive subjects. No alteration was apparent in overweight or obese hypertensive patients. Pressor responses to AII were similar in the different subgroups. These findings suggest that overweight does not confer a unique aberration in the body sodium-volume state, circulating renin, aldosterone or catecholamines, or cardiovascular responses to NE or AII which result in hypertension. PMID- 7049923 TI - Urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and thromboxane B2 in normotensive and hypertensive subjects on varying sodium intakes. PMID- 7049924 TI - Incomplete cryoactivation of human renin: a cause of confusion? PMID- 7049925 TI - Importance of the renal nerves in the pathogenesis of experimental hypertension. AB - Anatomical studies have demonstrated sympathetic innervation of the renal arterioles, juxtaglomerular apparatus, and renal tubules. Physiologic studies of the effects of the renal efferent nerves on renin release and renal sodium handling indicate that they play an important role in body fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular regulation. In addition, evidence is accumulating that stimulation of intrarenal mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors causes in increase in renal afferent nerve activity and that alterations in renal afferent nerve traffic are, in turn, associated with changes in blood pressure and in vasoconstrictor tone in the contralateral kidney. Further, recent studies have demonstrated functionally significant connections between renal afferent nerves and the central nervous system. Interruption of the renal sympathetic nerves has been shown to prevent or attenuate hypertension in a number of animal models, suggesting that the renal nerves have an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental hypertension. In the spontaneously hypertensive rate of the Okamoto strain (SHR) and the DOCA NaCl rat, the delay in the development of hypertension produced by renal denervation is due in part to increased sodium excretion thought to be secondary to interruption of the renal efferent nerves. In contrast, in one-kidney, one clip and two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertension in the rat and coarctation hypertension in the dog, the depressor effect of renal denervation is unrelated to changes in urinary sodium excretion or plasma renin activity. In these models the attenuation of hypertension following renal denervation appears to be secondary to a decrease in peripheral sympathetic activity. Evidence in the one kidney model suggests that interruption of the renal afferent nerves lower blood pressure via an effect on central noradrenergic mechanisms. PMID- 7049926 TI - Epidemiology and genetics of hypertension. AB - The major decline in cardiovascular mortality during the last 20 years may be related to improved hypertension control, but a causal relationship has not been proven. Fundamental epidemiologic associations between age, sex, race, socioecomonic class, and blood pressure (BP) have been well characterized. Risk of coronary heart disease and stroke mortality and morbidity is linearly related to BP or to categorically defined hypertension. Weight is a major correlate of BP at all ages and in most populations. The relationships between hypertension and other nutritionally related factors are not so well defined. The Framingham Study (both cohort and offspring components) provides information about other BP correlates such as heart rate and clinical chemistry values as well as evidence suggesting a genetic influence on BP variability in families. Combined with observations from other studies, it appears that heredity plays a very important role in human hypertension. PMID- 7049927 TI - Blood pressure trends with aging. AB - In industrialized societies, blood pressure increases with age, and blood pressure at one age is related to blood pressure at an earlier age. Blood pressure is also related to weight, weight change, and maturation. This paper reviews the association of growth and maturation with blood pressure and the evidence for blood pressure "tracking" with age. Additional longitudinal studies are required to determine if blood pressures before puberty are related to blood pressures of sexually mature young adults. Adolescents with "gestational" hypertension also have relatively high blood pressures at long-term follow-up. Thus, it may by possible to identify young individuals who are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7049928 TI - Sodium intake and essential hypertension. AB - This review briefly considers the hypothesis that a generous dietary sodium intake contributes to the development or maintenance of essential hypertension. Three lines of evidence are presented that are not mutually exclusive. Epidemiological studies examining sodium intake, prevalence of hypertension, and increases of blood pressure with age provide circumstantial support for the concept that hypertension is related to sodium intake. Analyses of cellular electrolyte transport suggest that hypertensives and their relatives are at a disadvantage with respect to extruding sodium from cells. A conceptual framework indicates that blood pressure is determined by a balance between the natriuretic effect of increased blood pressure and the pressor effect of sodium retention. Clinical studies in humans support the sodium hypothesis. The kidney's ability to excrete sodium and its sodium regulatory system are genetically determined. In hypertensive humans, blood pressure is directly correlated with total body and exchangeable sodium, a relationship that increases with age. Groups at risk for hypertension excrete sodium less well then those at less risk. Yet both hypertensives and normotensives exhibit heterogeneous blood pressure responses when sodium-loaded or -depleted. It has not been shown that sodium restriction will prevent the development of hypertension in normal individuals; however, it is clear that sodium restriction is an important aspect of management. In three prospective randomized controlled trials, practical sodium restriction lowered blood pressure by 8 mm Hg. Such a decrease would lower cardiovascular morbidity by 10% to 15%. Were means available to detect "salt-sensitive" hypertensives, sodium restriction could be conducted in a more appropriate fashion. PMID- 7049929 TI - Alcohol, tobacco, and hypertension. AB - In many studies of diverse populations it has been found that persons drinking relatively large amounts of alcohol tend to have higher blood pressures. In the Kaiser-Permanente study of about 87,000 persons, this alcohol-blood pressure association was not attributable to demographic characteristics, adiposity, reported salt use, smoking, or coffee consumption, nor could it be explained by underreporting of alcohol consumption. If the relationship is a causal one, the pathogenesis is not yet established; direct mechanisms or the effects of withdrawal from alcohol are possible explanations. The Kaiser-Permanente data suggest that about 5% of hypertension in the general population may be due to the consumption of three or more alcoholic drinks per day. Alcohol use shows a positive relation to some sequelae of hypertension but not others; the outstanding exception is coronary heart disease which is negatively related to alcohol intake, probably through different mechanisms. In most studies, cigarette smokers have shown similar or slightly lower blood pressures than non smokers. The degree to which this is due to the thinner body build of smokers, on the average, is not well established; nor is the degree to which a stronger negative relation of smoking to blood pressure might be masked by concomitant alcohol use. PMID- 7049930 TI - Human nutrition and blood pressure regulation: an integrated approach. AB - This review highlights the complex interactions that constitute the disciplines of nutrition and cardiovascular physiology. Nutritional factors have long been considered as critical in the pathogenesis of human hypertension. Theoretical and established contributions of various nutrients to blood pressure regulation are presented. A brief historical perspective of sodium's dominance in this area is provided. "Accepted" principles of nutrient interaction are then applied to cardiovascular research. First, the interrelationships among all macronutrients and diet composition, nutrient absorption, renal elimination, and ultimate bioavailability to the vascular tissue are assessed. An analysis of dietary recall data from human studies is provided to illustrate such nutrient interaction. Second, associated factors that influence nutrition are considered in relation to both human and animal investigations of blood pressure regulation. Finally, the development and interpretation of future studies are assessed in light of these principles. Examples from both the human and animal investigations of blood pressure regulation. Finally, the development and interpretation of future studies are assessed in light of these principles. Examples from both the human and animal literature are provided to show why it is necessary to incorporate fully the established principles of nutrition into our current concepts of the pathogenesis of hypertension. Future progress in terms of nutrition, food, and health will be dependent upon such an integrated approach. PMID- 7049931 TI - Obesity and hypertension: cardiovascular response of weight reduction. AB - There is a close epidemiological association between obesity and blood pressure for all age groups, although not every obese individual becomes hypertensive. In populations without age-related increases in body weight, an elevation of blood pressure with age is not seen. Treatment of obesity by weight loss decreases blood pressure substantially; however, in a minority of patients blood pressure does not fall with weight loss. Blood pressure generally decreases before normal weight is achieved. Blood pressure after weight loss remains reduced as long as there is no marked regain of body weight. Salt intake reduction does not appear to explain why weight reduction lowers blood pressure. Reduced levels of plasma renin activity, serum aldosterone levels, catecholamine levels, and serum insulin levels may be involved in the blood pressure lowering associated with weight loss. Since the risk to the hypertensive patient is not only determined by the blood pressure, an overall treatment that aims at reduction of all risk factors is advocated. Some risk factors, e.g., glucose intolerance, may be normalized only when desirable weight is achieved. Thus, in any obese hypertensive patient with other risk factors, normalization of excess body weight appears to be the first the most important step of any rational therapeutic strategy. PMID- 7049932 TI - Hypertension and exercise. AB - In such a prevalent disease as hypertension, it is particularly important to examine preventive and therapeutic alternatives as changes in life-style. Repeated physical exercise (physical training) has been shown to cause blood pressure to fall in normotensives and mild hypertensives, whether obese or not. This is followed by other hemodynamic changes characteristic of reduced sympathetic nervous system activity, which can also be found in metabolic and endocrine variables. In addition, there is evidence for an increased adrenergic sensitivity after physical training in circulatory, endocrine, and metabolic variables. In lipolysis regulation, the exact adaptation is located at the GTP binding protein level between the adrenergic receptor and the cyclase. It is indicative that physical training causes an adaptation in the central sympathetic nervous system and, secondarily, an increased sensitivity of the periphery. This might possibly explain the decreased blood pressure caused by physical training, particularly in mild hypertension where symptoms of increased sympathetic nervous system activity have been observed. PMID- 7049933 TI - Response of the renal kallikrein-kinin system, intravascular volume, and renal hemodynamics to sodium restriction and diuretic treatment in essential hypertension. AB - The renal kallikrein-kinin system, distinct from the plasma system, is an enzyme sequence producing kinins, principally lysyl bradykinin. While the functions of the system have not been conclusively established, it has been implicated in renal vasodilation and natriuresis, although the evidence is often conflicting. Measurement of urinary kallikrein excretion is the most common way to assess the system, although kallikrein excretion and kinin excretion are often dissociated. Kallikrein excretion is influenced by several hormonal systems, as well as dietary alterations, disease states (including hypertension), and numerous drugs. Kallikrein excretion is diminished in hypertension (especially hypertension with reduced renal function), suggesting involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease. Dietary sodium restriction increases kallikrein excretion while lowering blood pressure, but the blood pressure reduction correlates with plasma volume contraction rather than the increase in kallikrein. Thiazide diuretics lower blood pressure and renal vascular resistance while increasing kallikrein excretion, and blood pressure "responders" to thiazides have a greater kallikrein increment than the "nonresponders," suggesting a role for renal kallikrein in the hypotensive response to thiazides. PMID- 7049934 TI - Contribution of vasopressin to hypertension. AB - The contribution of vasopressin to the hypertensive process has been examined in a number of models of hypertension. Vasopressin is essential for the production of DOC-salt hypertension in the rat, It is likely that vasopressin is required in the early stages of this model of hypertension for its antidiuretic activity and contributes to the later stages of the hypertension as a pressor agent. Vasopressin secretion is increased in SHR, but there may be some differences between the SHR and stroke-prone SHR strains. The pressor action of vasopressin appears to be important in the stroke-prone SHR with well-established hypertension, but not in the young SHR. Vasopressin secretion is greater in Dahl S rats on a high salt diet than in similarly treated R rats. Blockade of vasopressin's pressor activity failed to lower blood pressure in these S rats, unless they were pretreated with captopril. There is insufficient information to determine whether vasopressin has a role in the hypertension in NZGH rats. Vasopressin appears to function as a pressor agent in some, but not all, rats with two-kidney, one clip hypertension. Although vasopressin is not essential for the production of one-kidney, one clip hypertension, it apparently contributes to the hypertension by virtue of its antidiuretic activity. Vasopressin secretion is elevated in partial nephrectomy-salt hypertension, and here, too, it is needed for its antidiuretic action. The question of whether vasopressin secretion is elevated in human essential hypertension is controversial, and its role remains to be determined. PMID- 7049935 TI - Sulfoconjugation of catecholamines, nutrition, and hypertension. AB - Sulfoconjugation is an important metabolic pathway determining the fate and potential cardiovascular action of ingested phenolic substances. Among the three catecholamines, dopamine (DA) is to the highest degree sulfoconjugated and has the highest affinity toward the phenolsulfotransferase (PST). The concentration of some sulfated catecholamines, particularly of DA sulfate, increases following ingestion of catecholamines or their precursors. This can be confounded with blood-derived increases in DA sulfate associated with BP peaks in some hypertensive patients. We mimicked, therefore, the latter condition by infusion of free DA into normotensive subjects. At low DA infusion rates, plasma DA sulfate exceeded free DA concentrations, and there were no changes in blood pressure and pulse rate. At higher DA infusion rates, blood pressure and pulse rate increased only while plasma free DA concentrations exceeded those of DA sulfate, indicating that free DA remains biologically active only prior to being conjugated. A similar increase in DA sulfate from alimentary sources (e.g., eating a banana) remains without cardiovascular response and is not associated with an overflow of free DA, since all the ingested DA is conjugated in the gut. We describe a patient with pheochromocytoma who experienced repeated hypertensive crises after ingestion of food containing some biogenic amines, (once also documented by NE increase), possibly due to a phenol sulfoconjugation defect (e.g., substrate inhibition of the PST or its genetic deficiency). Platelet PST determinations may serve as a screening tool to detect subjects with sulfoconjugation defects since they probably reflect the PSt activity in the gut where ingested phenols are sulfoconjugated. PMID- 7049936 TI - Stereotypic responses to infection and inflammation: probable activation of phagocytic cells. PMID- 7049937 TI - Nonspecific protease and elastase activities in rat leukocytes. AB - Extracts were prepared from rat peritoneal leukocytes obtained 4 h after glycogen injection and assayed for proteolytic enzyme activities against various substrates. The substrates used included acid-denatured bovine hemoglobin, bovine serum albumin, a partially purified preparation of rat pulmonary basement membrane, bovine neck ligament elastin, and an artificial substrate with elastase specificity. A high level of activity was observed when hemoglobin was used as the substrate. The serum albumin and basement membrane preparation were also readily hydrolyzed by the leukocyte extract. In contrast, the native elastin and synthetic elastase substrate were much more resistant. Although the leukocyte extract demonstrated little intrinsic elastase activity, when it was mixed with a commercial hog pancreatic elastase preparation, it greatly potentiated the elastolytic activity, suggesting the activation of a latent enzyme. PMID- 7049938 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of global left ventricular performance in infants and children. PMID- 7049939 TI - Ambulatory echocardiography. PMID- 7049940 TI - Systolic time intervals for non-invasive evaluation of global left ventricular performance in children. PMID- 7049941 TI - [History of anesthesia]. PMID- 7049942 TI - [Carbohydrate infusion in internal diseases. A comparative study in metabolically health, liver diseased and diabetic patients. VII. Infusions of a glucose fructose-xylitol mixture (relationship 1:2:1) over 48 hours]. AB - 3 groups (6 control persons, 6 patients with liver cirrhosis, 6 patients with diabetes mellitus) were infused with 20% (w/v) carbohydrate mixture (glucose/fructose/xylitol, 1:2:1) for 48 hours. The metabolical status was controlled in defined intervals by means of 39 different laboratory parameters. The infusion rate was supposed to be 0.25 g carbohydrates/kg B. W. and hour. There were no significant changes in blood glucose levels in any of the 3 groups. However we could observe a slight but constant increase in lactate and triglyceride concentrations. Free fatty acids and keton bodies were suppressed on a low level. Only the diabetics showed a significant renal carbohydrate loss with up to 15% of the amount administered. No clinically relevant side effects were observed. PMID- 7049943 TI - [Effect of parenteral administration of fat on the glucose and fat metabolism in acute pancreatitis]. AB - Glucose intolerance is well known in acute pancreatitis. The question of this study was to clarify, if fat used partly instead of glucose in the parenteral nutrition of these patients allows to reduce the insulin necessary to control the blood glucose. A second question was if hypertriglyceridemia is caused by long term infusion of fat in such patients. 10 patients with acute necrotising pancreatitis were divided in two groups: group I (5 patients) were infused with a parenteral nutrition with fat, group II (5 patients) with a parenteral nutrition without fat. As parameters the amount of insulin needed to maintain the blood glucose at levels less than 200 mg% and the serum triglycerides were used. The blood glucose was controlled three times a day. For statistical evaluation the Student-t-test was used. The patients in group I (parenteral nutrition with fat) were infused 44 days and received insulin on 40 days. 69 units insulin/day were needed with a glucose dose of 243 g/day. The insulin dose per 100 g glucose was 29.9 U. The fat dose was 74 g/day. Group II (parenteral nutrition without fat) was infused 45 days and received insulin on 38 days. 103 units insulin/day were needed metabolized 295 g of glucose. The insulin per 100 g glucose was 28.7 units. The dose of insulin per 100 g glucose was not different between the two groups. In 1 patient a hypertriglyceridemia occurred after infusion of fat and disappeared immediately after withdrawal of the fat infusion. In the other patients no hypertriglyceridemia occurred during fat infusion. The parenteral infusion of fat has no influence on the glucose intolerance of patients with acute necrotising pancreatitis. PMID- 7049944 TI - The migration of femoral Kuntscher nails: a clinical study. AB - The incidence of migration of nails has been shown to be far higher than previously suspected. Its development is influenced by a combination of the characteristics of the fracture, the extent of nail-cortex fixation and when the patient walks. Attempts to protect the fracture site by mobilization in a weight relieving caliper do not reduce the incidence or extent of migration. The cause of its development appears to be mechanical, resulting from stresses applied to the nail on moving the limb, particularly if weight is being borne. To reduce migration, fixation should be obtained with as large a nail as possible inserted with elastic deformation. PMID- 7049945 TI - What materials for dressings? PMID- 7049946 TI - Natural history of aortic valve endocarditis in rats. AB - Sterile aortic vegetations were produced in rats by introducing a polyethylene catheter through the right carotid artery. The catheter was either left in place throughout the experiments or removed before bacterial challenge. Bacterial endocarditis was uniformly produced by intravenous injection of 10(7) colony forming units of Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus intermedius, whether the catheter was left in place or removed. However, in rats with the catheter left in place, bacterial multiplication within the vegetations with both strains was accelerated, and mortality from Staphylococcus aureus infection was increased. Using 10(7) colony-forming units of serum-resistant Escherichia coli as a test microorganism, we found a marked difference in the production of endocarditis depending upon whether the catheter was left in place or removed before injection; only those animals infected with the catheter in place developed infection. From these experiments in rats, it was evident that the presence of a foreign body has a considerable influence on the ability of bacteria to grow within an intravascular vegetation. In addition, a striking difference in the virulence of the three strains studied was established; Staphylococcus aureus was the most, and E. coli the least, pathogenic. PMID- 7049947 TI - Release of toxic microvesicles by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. AB - Oral isolates of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (strain Y4) release spherical microvesicles in large numbers during normal growth. The biological activities of these products were studied, and it was estimated that approximately 1/10 of their dry weight was made up of heat- and proteolysis resistant endotoxin. The chicken embryo lethality and bone-resorbing activity of the microvesicles were heat stable but proteolysis sensitive. Other laboratories have reported the presence of a heat- and proteolysis-sensitive leukotoxin in similar preparations. Accordingly, the microvesicles released by strain Y4 may contain, in addition to endotoxin, several potent substances which are highly toxic and active in bone resorption, and these may be significant factors in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. PMID- 7049948 TI - Effects of reduced temperature on the components of human lymphocyte transformation responses to antigens. AB - The present studies were designed to determine the site at which reduced temperature, such as that found at the skin surface, affects the lymphocyte transformation response to an antigenic stimulus. Extracts of Candida albicans and Pityrosporum orbiculare were used as antigens since most normal subjects demonstrate positive lymphocyte responses to both. Total lymphocyte transformation responses to both antigens were reduced and delayed at 34.5 as compared with 37 degrees C. The former temperature did not significantly affect the numbers of antigen-responsive cells, as estimated by limiting dilution analysis. However, the response of first-generation lymphocytes to both antigens was significantly reduced at the lower temperature. There did not seem to be any significant differences between the two antigens with respect to the effects of the reduced temperature on the resulting lymphocyte transformation response or its components. Therefore, the present data suggest that reduced temperature suppresses antigen-stimulated lymphocyte transformation by affecting the later stages of this response. PMID- 7049949 TI - Effects of Propionibacterium acnes treatment on the course of Mycobacterium leprae infection in mice. AB - Studies were carried out to determine the effects of treatment with killed suspensions of Propionibacterium acnes (formerly designated Corynebacterium parvum) on the course of Mycobacterium leprae infection in mice. Systemic (intravenous or intraperitoneal) treatment with P. acnes failed to significantly alter the growth of M. leprae in the mouse footpad. In contrast, injections of P. acnes directly into the infected footpad markedly inhibited the growth of the leprosy bacilli regardless of whether the local treatments were administered before infection or 3 months after infection with M. leprae. The effects of local treatment with P. acnes appeared to be bactericidal and not merely bacteriostatic. Clearance of the organism from the tissues was not enhanced by P. acnes treatment. PMID- 7049950 TI - Immunochemical analysis of streptococcal group A, B, and C carbohydrates, with emphasis on group A. AB - Streptococcal group A, B, and C carbohydrates were analyzed by counterimmunoelectrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, and inhibition of immunoprecipitation. Extracts of streptococci group A or C were shown by counterimmunoelectrophoresis to contain both anodic and cathodic migrating components. In immunoelectrophoresis, group A and C substances formed a continuous precipitation line stretching from the anode to the cathode, suggesting a heterogeneous population of molecules with immunochemical identity. This identity was confirmed by inhibition of immunoprecipitation, in which both anodic and cathodic immunoprecipitates were inhibited by the same constituent sugars: group A-anti-A was inhibited by N-acetylglucosamine, and group C-anti-C was inhibited by N-acetylgalactosamine. Extracts of group B showed only anodic migration in counterimmunoelectrophoresis and a narrow, anodic arc in immunoelectrophoresis. The group B-anti-B reaction was inhibited by rhamnose. Carbohydrates of variant strains of group A streptococci were also analyzed by the same methods. The results suggest that the heterogeneity of group A carbohydrate may have resulted from attachment of various amounts of N acetylglucosamine to the polyrhamnose backbone. PMID- 7049951 TI - Lobar pneumonia in rats produced by clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Transtracheal instillation of clinical isolate Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype 1 (KP1) into the lungs of rats resulted in the production of a characteristic, chronic lobar pneumonia. To further examine this phenomenon, two variants of this organism were employed in this experimental model. These variants differed markedly in capsule size, colony morphology, and in virulence, as determined by mouse lethality tests. The ability of these strains to establish a lobar pneumonia in rats correlated with the virulence of the respective organisms as monitored by intraperitoneal injection in mice. The 50% lethal doses in mice were 4.9 x 10(1) colony-forming units (CFU) for the more virulent KP1 strain (KP1-O) and 1.42 x 10(5) CFU for the less virulent variant (KP1-T). In the rat lung model, marked lung pathology was evident by day 6 with a KP1-O inoculum of 5 x 10(2) CFU, whereas KP1-T caused little or no lung pathology when delivered transtracheally at a concentration of 7 x 10(6) CFU. Two relatively nonvirulent variants of K. pneumoniae serotype 2 were also used in this rat lung model and were found not to produce a lobar pneumonia even when delivered in large doses. These results indicate that a chronic lobar pneumonia can be established in a rat model if the appropriate organism is employed and the virulence of K. pneumoniae injected intraperitoneally into mice is an excellent indicator of an organism's potential to cause lobar pneumonia in rats. PMID- 7049952 TI - Respiratory syncytial virus infection in cyclophosphamide-treated cotton rats. AB - Cotton rats infected intranasally with respiratory syncytial virus and immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide shed virus for at least 7 weeks. Dissemination of virus beyond the respiratory tract was observed. In contrast, virus was recovered from infected, non-immunosuppressed rats for only 1 week, and only from the respiratory tract. PMID- 7049953 TI - Intestinal immunoglobulin A responses in rabbits to a Salmonella typhi strain harboring a Shigella sonnei plasmid. AB - Salmonella typhi 5076-IC, which contains a plasmid that encodes the form I antigen of Shigella sonnei and which expresses S. typhi 9 and 12 and S. sonnei form I antigens, was used to immunize rabbits via chronically isolated ileal loops. Intestinal immunoglobulin A activity was detected against S. typhi, S. sonnei form I, and S. typhi strain 5076-IC. Thus S. typhi 5076-IC can effectively elicit mucosal immunoglobulin A to both S. typhi and S. sonnei. PMID- 7049954 TI - Activation of macrophages by products of lymphocytes from normal and syphilitic rabbits. AB - The production of soluble macrophage-activating factors by lymphocytes from syphilitic and normal rabbits was examined. Culture supernatants of splenic lymphocytes cultured with Treponema pallidum antigens or concanavalin A were incubated with rabbit peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The macrophage monolayers were then washed and infected with log-phase Listeria monocytogenes. Activation of the macrophages by lymphocyte products was measured by the ability of the macrophages to resist intracellular multiplication of Listeria and thus survive infection. Macrophages incubated with supernatants of unstimulated lymphocytes or T. pallidum-stimulated lymphocytes from normal rabbits were unable to resist intracellular multiplication of Listeria. Specifically stimulated lymphocytes from syphilitic rabbits and mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from both normal and syphilitic rabbits demonstrated a clear ability to produce soluble factors which conferred upon macrophages the ability to limit the intracellular growth of the bacteria. Antigen or mitogen alone was unable to activate the macrophages; the presence of lymphocyte products was required. PMID- 7049955 TI - E.O.R.T.C. Gnotobiotic Project Group: a prospective cooperative study of antimicrobial decontamination in granulocytopenic patients. Comparison of two different methods. AB - In a cooperative and prospectively randomized study, two different methods of antimicrobial decontamination of the digestive tract with oral, nonabsorbable antibiotics were compared in neutropenic patients. In the first treatment group, the antibiotics were selected on the basis of the outcome of sensitivity tests performed on the flora of the patients. The other treatment group was given a standard combination of neomycin, cephaloridin, polymyxin B or E and nystatin or amphotericin B. Complete data from a total of 35 patients were received at the Statistical Center, and a minimum of 1.5 oral washings and faecal samples per week arrived at the Central Bacteriological Laboratory. There was no substantial difference in the clinical parameters of the patients in both treatment groups. Both methods for decontamination were found to be effective. The incidence of acquired infections and the quality of decontamination were almost identical in both groups. As far as the average number of negative cultures per patient is concerned, the results for both treatment groups are well in line with data found in other studies using a combination of gentamicin, vancomycin and nystatin. PMID- 7049956 TI - Adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to epithelial cells from women with recurrent urinary tract infection. AB - Adherence of Escherichia coli to human uroepithelial cells obtained from the midstream urine of healthy women, nd to vaginal and buccal cells obtained from 11 healthy women and 24 patients who had had at least three urinary tract infections in the preceding year was studied. Bacteria labeled with [3H] uridine were used, and unattached organisms were separated from the epithelial cells by vacuum filtration through a polycarbonate membrane filter (5-micrometers-pore-size). A day-to-day variation in the receptivity of uroepithelial cells was noted. The range and rapidity of change in adherence to both vaginal and buccal cells were greater in patients than in controls. Adherence to vaginal cells was greater in patients than in controls (10.1 +/- 0.92 vs. 3.8 +/- 0.47 bacteria per cell [mean +/- S. E.], P less than 0.001), as was adherence to buccal cells (1.7 +/- 1.29 vs. 7.1 +/- 0.49, P = 0.002). There was a very strong, positive non-linear correlation between vaginal and buccal cell receptivity (R = 0.87, P less than 0.0001). The data suggest that susceptibility in women to urinary-tract infections is associated with widespread, fluctuating changes in the adhesive characteristics of epithelial cells. PMID- 7049957 TI - [Concentrations of erythromycin and amoxicillin in tonsil and sinus tissues of patients with tonsillitis and sinusitis. A comparison (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty male patients with chronic tonsillitis and 30 male patients with chronic Sinusitis maxillaris were pre-treated for four days with either 2 X 1 g erythromycin daily per os or 3 X 0.75 g amoxicillin daily per os in an open and randomised comparative study. MIC values for the relevant bacteria were determined beforehand. The intended tonsillectomy or radical operation was performed on the third day of pre-treatment, circa 1.5 h after the final administration of antibiotics. The tonsils or the sinus membrane were examined bacteriologically; the concentrations of erythromycin or amoxicillin were determined. At the same time, the concentration of the antibiotic administered was determined in the serum. The average concentration of erythromycin in the tonsil tissue was 1.24 micrograms/g; it was 1.21 micrograms/g in the sinus membrane. Amoxicillin was found at a concentration of 0.17 microgram/g in the tonsil tissue, and 0.1 microgram/g in the sinus membrane. While the levels of erythromycin in the tissue generally equalled or exceeded the MIC value for the pathogen in question, the levels of amoxicillin only reached the relevant MIC value for the given pathogen in a few cases since the concentration in the tissue was insufficient. The clinical tolerance of both antibiotics was good. PMID- 7049958 TI - [Occurrence and diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in newborns and young infants (author's transl)]. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis was assayed using McCoy cell culture on vaginal swabs from pregnant women and on conjunctival and nasopharyngeal swabs from newborns. C. trachomatis was found in 23 of 168 pregnant women (8%) and in 15 of 298 newborns (5%). Six newborns developed a typical inclusion conjunctivitis, whereas three infants developed pneumonia caused by C. trachomatis. Of a total of 50 children with conjunctivitis, C. trachomatis was found in six of 22 newborns, in four of 22 infants (2-3 months old) and in none of the older infants and children. Specific antibodies in serum could be demonstrated in most patients by the microimmunofluorescence technique, whereas antibodies against C. trachomatis were only found in a small percentage of the healthy children of various ages. Recommendations are given for the diagnosis of infections caused by C. trachomatis in newborns and infants. PMID- 7049959 TI - [Erythromycin versus amoxicillin for the treatment of pneumonia in children (author's transl)]. AB - Following a study in which the etiology of nearly 70% of 142 cases of pneumonia in children could be determined using a combination of bacteriological and serological methods, the effect of erythromycin ethylsuccinate was compared with that of amoxicillin in a randomized study on 120 cases of pneumonia. We first examined the tracheal secretion microbiologically and determined other serological parameters and clinical data. The tracheal secretion was sterile in only 19% of the cases. We were able to identify the etiology in 64% of the cases using a combination of microbiological and serological methods. A discontinuation of therapy and acceptable side-effects were considerably more frequent with amoxicillin than with erythromycin ethylsuccinate (75 mg/kg body weight). The advantages of erythromycin, especially for the initial therapy of pneumonia, and the improvements in diagnosis resulting from the examination of the tracheal secretion will be discussed. PMID- 7049961 TI - Induction of anti-DNP IgE response by DNP-coupled BCG in mice. PMID- 7049960 TI - Mucosal immunity. PMID- 7049962 TI - Regulation of immune response by preadministration of cells briefly pulsed with antigen in vitro. I. Suppression of IgE antibody response by antigen pulsed spleen cells. AB - The intravenous administration of syngeneic spleen cells (SPCs) briefly pulsed with antigen in vitro, results in a profound state of IgE antibody unresponsiveness. In Balb/c mice, the primary response of anti-DNP, anti-beef insulin and anti-ovalbumin IgE antibody is completely suppressed by the administration of antigen-pulsed spleen cells, 1 X 10(7), 5 X 10(7) and 1 X 10(8), respectively. This suppression is antigen specific and effects both primary and secondary immune responses. Furthermore, the immune response to dinitrophenylated Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH) is most extensively suppressed by DNP-KLH pulsed SPCs, intermediately suppressed by KLH-pulsed SPCs and minimally suppressed by dinitrophenylated mouse gamma globulin or dinitrophenylated mouse serum albumin pulsed SPCs. Suppressing directly cells specific for hapten and carrier, hapten carrier protein pulsed SPCs would caused the additive suppressive effect. The suppression is induced strongly by the intravenous administration of antigen pulsed spleen cells, slightly by the subcutaneous administration and is not induced by the intravenous administration of antigen solution in phosphate buffer saline. This suppression may be mediated by either of two different mechanisms: one of them is responsible for the immediate tolerance which is induced without any suppressor cells 1 day after the administration of antigen pulsed SPCs, and the other is responsible for the suppression transferred by suppressor cells or factors to normal mice 7 days after the administration of antigen pulsed SPCs. This method in which IgE antibody response is suppressed by the administration of cells briefly pulsed in vitro with antigen, provides a powerful tool to analyze the first step of antigen specific suppression developed in vivo by conventional antigens. PMID- 7049963 TI - Devices to achieve self-care in blind diabetic patients with renal failure. PMID- 7049964 TI - Tc-99m-DTPA--a new test substance for detoxification devices. AB - Tc99m labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Tc-99m-DTPA) is an appropriate in vivo test solute for all extracorporeal detoxification procedures. The molecular weight of the Tc-99m-DTPA complex is within the biologically relevant middle molecular range of 400 to 700 daltons. Tc-99m-DTPA is distributed in the extracellular space in the same way as inulin. Regarding its localization in the gel filtration spectra and plasma clearance, Tc-99m-DTPA corresponds to middle molecule peak 2. The evaluation of elimination rate and plasma clearance CP of Tc 99m-DTPA is possible by measuring the pulse rates before and after the detoxification device. Taking into account the corrections for Ht and UFR, the Tc 99m-DTPA plasma clearances were calculated for different dialyzers, high flux dialyzers, hemofilters and a hemoperfusion device. The continuous measurement of pulse rates and the use of a UFR-controller (A2008) allow an exact tracking of CP vs. time, the estimation of CP (QB), CP(UFR) and of the sieving coefficient. Examples are given for these cases. It was shown that an increase in plasma clearance to more than about 100 ml/min does not greatly increase the Tc-99m-DTPA elimination rate. PMID- 7049965 TI - The influence of fine surface structures on the osseo-integration of implants. AB - The availability of inert materials like dense, pure Al2O3-ceramic or titanium allows the study of purely biomechanical influences of surface modulations or lacune on the osseo-integration of implants at different locations of the skeleton. The discovery of the "load-line-shadow" phenomenon in lacune of dental implants and the observation of the same effect in the grooves of hip sockets (Lindenhof type) indicate the general validity of the rules controlling the remodelling ability of bony tissue. Their application to the problems concerned with load transmission via surfaces which are mainly loaded by shear can contribute to achieve a well defined anchorage of implants. PMID- 7049967 TI - Alcohol-related disabilities in general hospital patients: a critical assessment of the evidence. AB - Thirty-one publications containing estimates of the prevalence of alcohol-related problems within general hospitals are assessed critically to determine whether the alcohol dependence syndrome or other alcohol-related disabilities were the subjects of study, and whether these were causal to admission or incidental findings. A classification scheme within which these studies may be fitted is introduced, and an attempt is made to gauge the sizes of the problems by collating results within each classification category. No consistency is found, however; and this is attributed to difficulties of definition as well as to deficiencies in survey techniques. Some suggestions for better-designed studies are made. Until these are carried out it will not be possible to provide valid to reliable estimates of the extent of the problem. PMID- 7049966 TI - A double-blind comparison of spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients treated with metoprolol. AB - The antihypertensive effects of hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone when added to treatment with metoprolol were compared in a double-blind trial comprising 55 previously untreated patients with essential hypertension. Twenty-four patients became normotensive on metoprolol alone, whereas ten patients were randomized to additional therapy with hydrochlorothiazide and ten to spironolactone. Eleven patients dropped out of the trial. Spironolactone was significantly more effective than hydrochlorothiazide as regards reduction of the diastolic blood pressure, Side effects were few and mild during all phases of the study. PMID- 7049968 TI - Marijuana on trial: the Panama Canal Zone Report. PMID- 7049969 TI - Prevention of alcoholism in the United States and the National Council on Alcoholism: 1944-1950. AB - An historical viewpoint discloses two potential impediments to effective primary prevention of alcoholism with a communitywide focus: (1) weak evaluation instruments measuring the outcome of primary prevention programs, and (2) the difficulty of creating and maintaining a sufficiently high degree of interorganizational coordination. The origin of the National Council on Alcoholism during the 1940s is used as a focal point for the study. Thie article details the importance, today as well as four decades ago, of designing prevention programs that are well conceived, implemented, and evaluated. PMID- 7049970 TI - Free vascularized bone graft in the treatment of pseudarthrosis. PMID- 7049971 TI - Fate of two 14C labelled muramyl peptides: Ac-Mur-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-meso-A2pm and Ac-Mur-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-meso-A2pm-D-Ala-D-Ala in mice. Evaluation of their ability to increase non specific resistance to Klebsiella infection. AB - The metabolic fate in mice of two 14C labelled meso-A2pm containing muramyl peptides, the muramyl-tripeptide (Ac-Mur-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-14C-meso-A2pm) (MTP) and the muramyl-pentapeptide (Ac-Mur-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-meso-A2pm-14C-D-Ala-14C-D Ala) (MPP) has been studied. As with 14C-MDP, the radioactive muramyl-tripeptide and muramyl-pentapeptide disappear rapidly from the organs and the radioactivity is found mainly in the urine. In contrast to MDP, the two meso-A2pm containing muramyl-peptides are not excreted intact in the urine. In both cases labelled fragments have been identifed: meso-A2pm from MTP and the tetrapeptide gamma-D Glu-meso-A2pm-D-Ala-D-Ala from MPP. The ability of the two muramyl-peptides to increase nonspecific resistance of mice to Klebsiella infection was also investigated. The muramyl-pentapeptide injected i.v. one day before a lethal dose of K. pneumoniae protects both adult and neonate mice, as does MDP itself; the muramyl-tripeptide is inactive. PMID- 7049972 TI - Impaired T-cell functions in aged guinea-pigs restored by thymostimulin (TS). AB - The age-related changes of different T-cell activities in guinea pigs and the effect of Thymostimulin (TS), a thymus extract, on the immunocompetence of these cells was studied. Mitogen-induced proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes was increased by TS in vitro. The intraperitoneal administration of TS (5 mg/kg) to aged animals restored the helper function of T lymphocytes and enhanced the reactivity to mitogens of both peripheral blood lymphocytes and spleen lymphocytes. The data obtained suggest that as in other species, there is an age associated decline of immunological response, in guinea pigs too, probably due to a deficiency of thymic hormone(s) and that TS could correct this deficiency. PMID- 7049973 TI - Immunoenhancing activity of NPT 15392: a potential immune response modifier. AB - NPT 15392, a new immunomodulating compound related to inosine in structure and isoprinosine in action, enhances T-cell dependent immune responses. Antibody responses to sheep red blood cells are augmented two to threefold in mice receiving NPT 15392 while T-cell independent antibody responses to TNP-LPS are unaffected. NPT 15392 does not enhance or alter the number of clonable B cells. This drug also increases cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to allogeneic tumor cells but does not alter the number of cytotoxic precursor cells. Immature hematopoietic cell classes (clonable progenitor cells) were also monitored and found not to be influenced by NPT 15392. PMID- 7049974 TI - The anterior cruciate: a dilemma in sports medicine. AB - This study presents an extensive review of the literature concerning the natural history, diagnosis and treatment of anterior cruciate (AC) injury. This ligament is the most frequently disrupted ligament in the human knee, yet wide disagreement exists concerning the effects of its rupture and the appropriate means of treatment. Diagnosis of AC sprain is difficult, however the appropriate use of the Lachman and pivot shift tests can improve accuracy markedly. The Lachman test has several advantages over the standard drawer test: 1) the knee is examined in 10--20 degrees of flexion (a comfortable position for the injured knee); 2) it minimizes the blocking effect of the hamstring muscles on the anterior drawer motion; 3) minimized the blocking effect of the posterior horns of the menisci; 4) eliminates confusion with rotary instability. The pivot shift test demonstrates the clinical effects of loss of anterior cruciate function, but does not correspond to anterolateral rotary instability which, unfortunately, it has been named. The wide variety of treatment of acute total disruption suggested numerous authors reveals the lack of a single satisfactory way to successfully obtain excellent results. A survey of 56 North American knee surgeons concerning their treatment of "isolated" tears of the AC ligament in young vigorous athletes revealed that 30.3% would treat nonoperatively, 62.5% would repair the ligament with or without a graft and 7.2% would ignore the ligament but replace it with a graft or do a capsular reconstruction. PMID- 7049975 TI - P. Browning Hoffman, M.D. (1937-1979). PMID- 7049976 TI - In memory of peter Browning Hoffman. PMID- 7049977 TI - Reversible deficient prostacyclin release in childhood hemolytic uremic syndrome. AB - Plasma was taken from infants and children with acute hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) or following remission from this disease. The capacity of these plasma to stimulate release of prostacyclin-like activity from "exhausted" rat aorta rings was studied. Plasma from 10 out 12 children in the acute phase of HUS, but from only 3 out of 15 children following remission failed to stimulate prostacyclin release (p less than 0.005). These findings suggest that, for the majority of children, the plasma abnormality in the acute phase of the disease is acquired rather than congenital. PMID- 7049978 TI - Glycosylated hemoglobin in childhood renal disease and transplantation. PMID- 7049979 TI - Deciding to live. AB - The decision to begin chronic hemodialysis and, therefore, to fight for survival, creates an alliance between patient, family members, and medical staff. This alliance, which evolves by passing through various phases, becomes a central point in the difficult process which should permit the gradual achievement of independence. An example of this may be seen in the history of a young man of 21, who underwent a kidney transplant seven years ago. Analyzed in this article are certain moments of this case history, particularly the choice of treatment and the meaning of the word "choise" in this reality. PMID- 7049980 TI - Long-term evaluation of cardiac function utilizing systolic time intervals in children with chronic renal failure. AB - Cardiac function was assessed in 11 children with end-stage chronic renal failure (CRF) by a prospective longitudinal study. Left ventricular performance was determined noninvasively by mechanocardiographic determination of systolic time intervals during three consecutive stages of the disease: on conservative treatment (CT), on regular hemodialysis (HD) and after successful renal transplantation (TP). The mean ratio of the pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET) was slightly increased on CT (0.33) compared to normal (0.29), and markedly increased 6 and 12 months after start of HD (0.38 and 0.40, respectively), indicating impairment of left ventricular performance which was clinically undetectable. 12 months after TP mean PEP/LVET was normal (0.31). The upper normal limit of PEP/LVET was exceeded by two children on CT, seven at 12 months after start of HD and by two children 12 months after TP, respectively. It is concluded that subclinical forms of uremic heart disease are common in children on HD and tend to resolve after TP. PMID- 7049981 TI - Renal transplantation in children-a review. PMID- 7049982 TI - Pseudomonas cepacia infection in children. AB - Over a four year period 8 cases of Pseudomonas cepacia (PC) infection were diagnosed in our unit. Two patients developed PC septicemia following the insertion of porcine arterio venous grafts for hemodialysis access. Six developed PC peritonitis whilst on peritoneal dialysis and one a PC urinary tract infection following cystoscopy. Of the three patients who died two were known to have had PC septicemia. This infection was seen in patients whose host defence mechanisms were considerably impaired or when foreign or prosthetic material had been inserted. PC has developed a resistance to most broad spectrum antibiotics and antiseptics and is easily cultured in ordinary media. Prophylactic use of antibiotics such as the cephalosporins in peritoneal dialysis solutions appears to greatly increase the risk of developing serious infection with PC. Early detection and treatment of this unusual organism with appropriate antibiotics is mandatory. PMID- 7049983 TI - Consequences of pre-natal radiation exposure for post-natal development. A review. PMID- 7049984 TI - On the mechanism of induction of photoreactivatable damage in E. coli by ionizing radiations. PMID- 7049985 TI - Double stranded DNA antibody quantification by the FARR assay and indirect immunofluorescence test using Crithidia lucilae. PMID- 7049986 TI - Normal renal perfusion in the presence of total renal artery occlusion with collateral circulation. PMID- 7049987 TI - Aztec psychotherapy: a study of help-giving in ancient Mexico. PMID- 7049988 TI - Structure and function of postovulatory follicles (corpora lutea) in the ovaries of nonmammalian vertebrates. PMID- 7049989 TI - Slime mold lectins. PMID- 7049990 TI - [Epidemiology of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7049991 TI - [Sarcoidosis from the viewpoint of the pathologist]. PMID- 7049992 TI - [Clinical course of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7049993 TI - [Roentgenologic and scintigraphic findings in sarcoidosis patients]. PMID- 7049994 TI - [Lung function in pulmonary sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7049996 TI - [Therapy of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7049995 TI - [Sarcoidosis of the eyes]. PMID- 7049997 TI - [Progress in the angiologic diagnosis and new perspectives in the therapy of peripheral circulatory disorders]. PMID- 7049998 TI - [Physiology and physiopathology of the microcirculation from the rheologic view point]. PMID- 7049999 TI - [Induced hemodilution as a new concept in the therapy of peripheral circulatory disorders]. PMID- 7050000 TI - [Diagnosis of peripheral arterial and venous stenoses and occlusions using angiography]. PMID- 7050001 TI - [Digital subtraction angiography--a new valuable help in the diagnosis of vascular diseases]. PMID- 7050002 TI - [The diagnosis of peripheral arterial and venous stenoses and occlusions using Doppler sonography]. PMID- 7050003 TI - [Thrombolytic treatment of deep leg and pelvic vein thromboses]. PMID- 7050004 TI - Mass cultivation of bovine ocular pigment epithelial cells in microcarrier suspension culture. AB - Recent developments in tissue culture technology permit the mass cultivation of anchorage-dependent cells in a compact and easily maintained system by utilizing the large surface area of suspended microspheres for cellular attachment and proliferation. The present study describes the successful cultivation of pure bovine iris pigment epithelium and mixed bovine retinal pigment epithelium choroid by microcarrier suspension culture. Ocular pigment epithelial cells were collected from enucleated calf eyes and cultured in conventional monolayer fashion on flat plates. Subsequently, cells were harvested by trypsinization and were inoculated into microcarrier culture. Confluence was obtained in 8 to 12 days and final cell densities were 1 x 10(6) cells/ml for iris pigment epithelium and 8 x 10(5) cells/ml for combined retinal pigment epithelium--choroid; the microcarrier density was 5 gm/L. Samples from ongoing microcarrier cultures were processed for light and electron microscopic examination. Culture of bovine ocular pigment epithelial cells by microcarrier suspension technique provides a simplified method of cultivation of large numbers of cells, with additional advantages in ongoing culture maintenance and accessibility. PMID- 7050005 TI - The effect of intravitreal and topical prostaglandins on intraocular inflammation. AB - We investigated the effects of prostaglandins (PG) E2, PGD2, PGI2, and its metabolites 6-keto-PGE1 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and U46619 (stable analogue of the PG endoperoxide, PGH2) administered either intravitreally or topically on intraocular pressure (IOP), pupil diameter, aqueous protein, and the entry of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in the aqueous. PGE2, 6-keto-PGE1, U46619, and PGI2 increased IOP after either intravitreal or topical administration in a dose dependent manner, 6-keto-PGE1 was the most potent in increasing IOP. U46619 and PGI2 increased IOP when administered intravitreally; however, these agents also increased IOP of the contralateral control eye. High doses of 6-keto-PGE1 and PGI2 but not 6-keto-PGF1 alpha or PGE2 increased the IOP of both experimental and contralateral eyes, suggesting that this effect may be due to the entry of these agents into the systemic or intraorbital circulation or to stimulation of neuronal pathways. Intravitreal administration of 6-keto-PGE1, PGE2, and PGI2 increased protein of the aqueous, with 6-keto-PGE1 significantly more potent than other PGs. Topically applied PGE2 and 6-keto-PGE1 also increased protein content of the aqueous at doses that elevated IOP. However, topical 6-keto-PGE1 alpha at doses that increased IOP did not increase protein content of the aqueous. In contrast, PGD2 increased the IOP in both eyes; however, it significantly increased aqueous protein content of the experimental eye, indicating that increase in protein content of the aqueous and increase in IOP are not necessarily associated. None of the PGs tested in this study had any effect on pupil diameter or PMN entry into the aqueous. Therefore the classic signs of intraocular inflammation, i.e., increase in IOP, increase in protein content of the aqueous, miosis, and PMN entry into aqueous, are not necessarily associated and sequential, and PGs do not induce all signs of inflammation. PMID- 7050006 TI - Septicaemia in a renal unit. PMID- 7050007 TI - Biographical sketches No. 18--Flemming. PMID- 7050008 TI - Sir James Young Simpson: Irish influences. PMID- 7050009 TI - Metolazone and pindolol in the treatment of hypertension: a double blind multicentre trial. PMID- 7050010 TI - Greatrakes the Stroker: the interpretations of historians. PMID- 7050011 TI - Greatrakes the Stroker: the interpretations of his contemporaries. PMID- 7050012 TI - The Wolffian ridge: history of a misconception. PMID- 7050013 TI - Suppression of cell-mediated immune responses in vivo and in vitro by 1 thiocarbamoyl-2-imidazolidinone. AB - Both in vivo and in vitro, the niridazole metabolite, 1-thiocarbamoyl-2 imidazolidinone (TCI), was found to suppress various manifestations of cell mediated immunity. In vivo, doses of 10(-6) g/kg every other day delayed rejection of BALB/cJ (H--2d) skin allografts by C57BL/6J (H--2b) mice. Much lower single doses (approximately 10(-11) g/kg) markedly reduced both pulmonary granuloma formation around. Schistosoma mansoni eggs in C57BL/bJ mice and delayed footpad swelling in sensitized CF1 mice responding to S. mansoni egg antigen (SEA). Reduction of footpad swelling occurred when TCI was given 24 h before, but not 4 hr after, antigenic challenge. In vitro. SEA-dependent production of eosinophil stimulation promoter (ESP) activity by sensitized mouse spleen cells was decreased greater than 90% by 10(-10)g TCI/ml. TCI failed, however, to inhibit the action of preformed ESP lymphokine on eosinophils. The blastogenic response of sensitized lymph node cells to SEA was reduced by greater than 70% by 10(-11) to -10 (-8)g TCI/ml. The drug produced no effect on either antigen dependent lymphokine production or blastogenesis if it was added 5 min after, instead of before, stimulating antigen. PMID- 7050014 TI - The moral uses of 'spare' embryos. PMID- 7050015 TI - Planning for ambulatory care delivery systems: a market segment approach. PMID- 7050016 TI - Program planning in a small community health care setting. PMID- 7050017 TI - A strategic planning model for a geriatric initiative in a school of medicine. PMID- 7050018 TI - Intra-organizational strategic decision model in the certificate-of-need application process. PMID- 7050019 TI - The concept of corporate planning. PMID- 7050020 TI - A framework for putting hospital planning into practice. PMID- 7050021 TI - Strategic planning under current cutback conditions. PMID- 7050022 TI - [Vitiligo in a historic portrait]. PMID- 7050023 TI - [Simulation of malignant tumors by undeclared polyvinylpyrrolidone in drugs]. AB - Numerous drugs are available containing polyvinylpyrrolidone as a carrier and retard substance. Repeated intramuscular or subcutaneous injections of polyvinylpyrrolidone over a long time can lead to tumor-like foreign body reactions mimicking true malignant tumors by clinical and histological features. Additionally, a storage of polyvinylpyrrolidone in visceral organs is possible in such patients. PMID- 7050025 TI - Transmissible drug resistance in E. coli isolated from animals. PMID- 7050024 TI - Understanding starvation in the critically ill patient. PMID- 7050026 TI - Properties of penicillin acylase from Escherichia coli NCIM 2500 purified by affinity chromatography. PMID- 7050027 TI - The logistics of dietary surveys. AB - This paper discusses where time goes in the practical conduct of dietary surveys. Examples of recent surveys provide guidance on the number of dietary records that can be collected. These range from 1.3 to 16.8 dietary records per full-time field worker per week averaged over the total duration of the study. Factors particularly influencing these numbers include: the number of interviews needed to collect each record, whether the subjects are visited at home or seen in a central place, whether the survey is cross sectional or longitudinal, the number of days on each record, the complexity of the eating patterns, whether food tables require expanding with additional items and the amount of work needed to collect the information on composition and weights of foods necessary for the interpretation and coding of the diet records. PMID- 7050028 TI - Nutrition in renal disease. PMID- 7050029 TI - Rickets and osteomalacia. PMID- 7050030 TI - Serum galactose levels in lactose-intolerant persons receiving a galactose:glucose mixture. PMID- 7050031 TI - Quantitative histochemical investigations of semipermeable membrane techniques for the assay of acid phosphatase in skeletal muscle. IV. A post-coupling technique. AB - A post-coupling semipermeable membrane technique for determining the activity of acid phosphatase in sections of skeletal muscle has been developed and investigated for its reproducibility and validity. Cryostat sections of unfixed muscle mounted on dry dialysis membranes are first incubated for 1-4 at 37 degrees C on a gelled medium containing 4 mM naphthol AS-BI phosphate buffered at pH 5. They are next transferred to another gel containing only hexazotised Pararosanaline and incubated for a further 30 min. Finally, they are treated with 70% ethanol, dried in air, and mounted. The final reaction product (FRP) deposited within muscle fibres is mostly distributed as a fine reticular network, tentatively identified as sarcoplasmic reticulum. Large FRP "granules' of the kind observed with Meijer's simultaneous coupling membrane technique are not formed. The method is reproducible and valid in terms of several working criteria. For example, the mean absorbance of the FRP at its absorption maximum increases linearly with incubation time; and in model sections containing various amounts of a subcellular fraction rich in acid phosphatase, the mean absorbance after a constant incubation time is proportional to the enzyme concentration. FRP is formed at approximately twice the rate it is deposited in the simultaneous coupling method. The most important advantage of the post-coupling method over the simultaneous coupling method is that the inhibition of the enzyme by coupling reagents is avoided. PMID- 7050032 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of EC cells in rat gastrointestinal tract. AB - Selective immunohistochemical demonstration of enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the rat gastrointestinal tract has been carried out, using a highly specific rabbit antiserotonin (5-HT) serum and the unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) technique. The daily profile of the EC cell density was also studied using this method. No significant change was recorded. PMID- 7050033 TI - Light microscopic distinction of collagens in hepatic cirrhosis. AB - Histochemical studies by Sesta et al. (1965) demonstrated in hepatic cirrhosis an embryonic-type collagen that differs from reticulum fibers. Grimaud and coworkers observed type IV collagen in cirrhotic lesions. To determine whether or not this collagen can be visualized by light microscopy, sections fixed in Carnoy-type solutions were treated with the periodic acid -Na bisulfite - resorcin-fuchsin (PBRF) reaction for basement membranes. Reticulum and coarse (Type I) collagen fibers were visualized with picro-Sirius Red F3BA. In normal livers, basement membranes occurred only around bile ducts and blood vessels. In hepatic cirrhosis basement membrane-like material extended from septa into nodules. The reaction patterns were similar to immunofluorescence pictures of Type IV collagen. The ratios of different collagens varied widely and were apparently determined by type and of lesions and other factors. For further studies, improved light microscopic reactions are needed, especially for simultaneous demonstration of embryonic and basement membrane-type collagens in contrasting colors. PMID- 7050034 TI - Clinical trials of hypoxic cell sensitizers. PMID- 7050035 TI - A report on misonidazole in randomized trial in locally advanced head and neck cancer. AB - A prospective randomized trial is reported involving 97 patients with locally advanced cancer of the head and neck. Using six large fractions of radiation (3600 rad in 17 days) the addition of misonidazole (2.0gm per m2 body surface) with each fraction did not increase the local control rate at one year. It is thought that this is probably because of an inadequate tumor concentration of the drug. PMID- 7050036 TI - A controlled clinical trial of misonidazole in the radiotherapy of patients with carcinoma of the bronchus. PMID- 7050037 TI - Mechanisms of hypoxic cell radiosensitization and the development of new sensitizers. AB - Some of the mechanisms by which drugs can potentiate the radiation response of tumors and cells in culture are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the action of nitroaromatic and heterocyclic compounds as hypoxic cell radiosensitizers, and some potential successors to misonidazole (MISO) are described. These include desmethylmisonidazole and SR 2508, selected because of their low toxicity in experimental systems. Groups of compounds, more efficient sensitizers than would be predicted from electron affinity correlations, have been examined and the use of Ro-03-8799 or RSU 1047 is proposed. Finally, ortho-substituted nitroimidazoles and electron-affinic compounds with alkylating groups are described. The latter group, in particular, holds promise for the development of compounds much superior to MISO. PMID- 7050038 TI - Radiosensitization by non-nitro compounds. AB - The effects of 23 non-nitro compounds on the radiosensitivity of hypoxic Chinese hamster V79-379A or E. coli AB 1157 cells in vitro are outlined. Imidazole derivatives substituted with several alternative electron-withdrawing groups are described; the dicyanovinyl function conferred considerable radiosensitizing activity. 2,4,5-Tribromoimidazole and 2,4-dinitrophenol may show unusual radiosensitizing activity because of interference with oxidative phosphorylation. Attempts to influence radiosensitivity by compounds potentially capable of depleting intracellular sulphydryls are also described. PMID- 7050039 TI - The lethal interaction of X ray and penicillin induced lesions following X irradiation of Escherichia coli B/R in the presence of hypoxic cell sensitizers. AB - When Escherichia coli B/r were x-irradiated under anoxia in the presence of different electron-affinic sensitizers and then incubated in broth containing penicillin (at a concentration that did not kill unirradiated cells) additional killing of the bacteria occurred provided the sensitizers were of relatively high lipophilicity. The overall effect was to increase the efficiency of these sensitizers. It is concluded that sensitizer-dependent latent radiation lesions(s) are produced in membrane components of the cell envelope that interact with damage caused by penicillin in the peptidoglycan layer and this causes the additional lethality. PMID- 7050040 TI - Early results of the screening program for radioprotectors. AB - Although WR-2721, S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioc acid, is the most widely studied and most effective radioprotective drug at present, it is nevertheless clear from animal studies that it has important shortcomings as the ideal radioprotector in clinical radiotherapy. More effective and less toxic radioprotective drugs are needed. For this reason, a chemical radioprotector screening program has been initiated at the Fox Chase Cancer Center under a contract with the National Cancer Institute. Most of the 20 compounds that have now entered the screening program provide good protection of the mouse hematopoietic system as indicated by 30 day survival following the radiation LD100/30. Administration of a radioprotector dose equal to one half of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD/2) gave hematopoietic dose reduction factors (DRF's) as high as 2.3. No radioprotector appeared to be superior to WR-2721, although four others gave DRF's exceeding 1.8. PMID- 7050041 TI - An explanation for the ability of cytotoxic drug pretreatment to reduce bone marrow related lethality of total body irradiation (TBI). PMID- 7050042 TI - The radioprotective effect of 5-thio-D-glucose on normal tissues in vivo. AB - The radioprotective effect of 5-thio-D-glucose (5-TG, NSC 204984) on normal tissues of mice was investigated. The LD50 of 5-TG in A/J mice injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) is 5.5 g/kg. The animals were injected i.p. with saline or 5-TG followed by whole-body irradiation or localized irradiation of the foot. Mice injected with 1.5 g/kg of 5-TG were protected from gastrointestinal or bone marrow death following whole-body irradiation by a dose modification factor (DMF) of 1.1--1.3. The same dose of 5-TG protected mice from foot skin damage between days 0 and 40 post-irradiation by a DMF of 1.3, and from late foot deformity during days 60 to 90 post-irradiation by a DMF of 1.2. Foot skin reactions indicated that 5-TG provided maximal radioprotection up to 4 hours after an intraperitoneal injection. We have previously reported that 5-TG selectively kills and radiosensitizes hypoxic cells. Consequently, it may be possible to use this compound as an adjuvant to radiotherapy in order to kill or radiosensitize hypoxic cells and to radioprotect normal tissue. PMID- 7050043 TI - The mechanisms of cytotoxicity and chemosensitization by misonidazole and other nitroimidazoles. AB - This paper attempts to review and interpret the various aspects of the interaction of the electron-affinic drug misonidazole (MISO) with cells in vitro and tumors in vivo. Specifically three topics are covered: (1) The preferential toxicity of MISO to hypoxic cells; (2) The sensitization of cells in vitro in chemotherapeutic agents by hypoxic pretreatment with MISO (the "preincubation effect"); (3) The chemosensitization of tumors in vivo by MISO. It is concluded that hypoxic cell cytotoxicity is not a result of the binding of nitroreduction products to the cellular target molecule (or molecules), but is a result of abstraction of H atoms by neutral radicals produced during nitroreduction. However, binding does occur, and this depletes intracellular glutathione which is capable both of inactivating these toxic radicals and repairing the target lesions. The preincubation effect--at least for bifunctional alkylating agents- is postulated to be a result of a combination of depletion of intracellular glutathione (which can "intercept" the alkylating agent), and increase in DNA interstrand cross-links. Finally, it is concluded that chemosensitization of tumors in vivo is a combination of the in vitro preincubation effect for the hypoxic cells, and an inhibition of repair of the chemotherapeutic agent damage to aerated, plateau-phase-like cells in the tumor. The former required nitroreduction, the latter does not. PMID- 7050044 TI - Reduction of nitroimidazoles in model chemical and biological systems. AB - Some chemical and biological properties of intermediates obtained during reduction of nitroimidazoles are discussed. These include: rate data for the decay of the nitro radical-anion, stoichiometry and absorption spectra for reduction via the radical-anion or using dithionite, stoichiometry with other reducing agents, and rate of reduction by xanthine/xanthine oxidase. Increased radiosensitization by misonidazole is seen upon prolonged pre-irradiation incubation using E. coli, enabling demonstration that a freely-diffusable metabolite is responsible for this effect. Preliminary experiments designed to extend studies of the radiobiological properties of extracellularly-added metabolites to mammalian cells and the use of liver perfusion to generate metabolites are described. PMID- 7050045 TI - Structure-cytotoxicity relationships of nitroimidazoles in an in vitro system. AB - Correlations of cytotoxicity of nitroimidazoles and their electron affinity depend upon the degree of reduction of the drugs. If the end-point chosen to assess cytotoxicity is one at which incomplete reduction has occurred the slope of the correlation is positive, with respect to E71, but if measurements are taken after complete reduction of the drugs the slope is a negative one. The production of nitrite ion by 5-nitroimidazoles depends on the base composition of DNA suggesting that the active agent responsible for cytotoxicity is the one electron radical anion, R--NO2-. PMID- 7050046 TI - Marrow transplantation for acute nonlymphoblastic leukemic in first remission using fractionated or single-dose irradiation. PMID- 7050047 TI - Graft irradiation in the treatment of acute rejection of renal transplants: a randomized study. AB - A randomized study of graft irradiation in the treatment of acute rejection of renal transplants was conducted from 1978 to 1981. Patients developing clinical signs of an acute graft rejection received customary antirejection treatment in the form of intravenous administration of high-dose (1 gm per day) of methylprednisolone. They were at the same time randomized to either receive therapeutic irradiation (175 rad every other day to a total of 525 rad) or sham irradiation. Neither the patient nor the Transplant Service surgeons knew at any time whether the radiation treatment had been given. Eight-three rejection episodes occurring in 64 grafts were entered into the study. Acute rejection was reversed in 84.5% of grafts in the control and 75% in the treated group. The incidence of recurrent rejection was higher in the treated group (66 vs. 46%) and graft survival was lower (22% vs. 54%). The study failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of graft irradiation in the treatment of acute renal allograft rejection, when used in conjunction with high dose steroids. PMID- 7050049 TI - Acute renal rejection: lymphocytes are not what they seem. PMID- 7050048 TI - Future of bone marrow transplantation in oncology. PMID- 7050050 TI - Potentiation of chemotherapy by hypoxic cell radiation sensitizers--a review. PMID- 7050051 TI - Immunosuppression by hypoxic cell radiosensitizers: a phenomenon of potential clinical importance. PMID- 7050052 TI - Further experience in the treatment of breast cancer with radiation. PMID- 7050053 TI - Nature of magnetic treatment. PMID- 7050054 TI - Childhood hypnotic susceptibility: a review. PMID- 7050055 TI - Misconceptions concerning the clinical use of hypnosis in dentistry. PMID- 7050056 TI - Man at extreme altitude. AB - The history of man's attempts to learn more about the physiology of extreme altitudes is briefly reviewed. The earliest exploits were by balloonists who were often exposed to very severe hypoxia, sometimes with fatal consequences. A turning point was the work by Paul Bert using low-pressure chambers; he was able to prove that the deleterious effects of low barometric pressures were caused by the low PO2, though other explanations for mountain sickness such as a low aterial PCO2 continued to be promoted for some time. Many early physiologists believed that active secretion of oxygen by the lungs was necessary to explain man's tolerance of extreme altitudes. Indeed, Haldane championed this view until his death in 1936, though strong evidence to the contrary had accumulated since the work of Krogh and others in the first decade of the century. High climbs by mountaineers have stimulated much interest in the physiology of severe hypoxia. Norton reached over 8,500 m on Mt. Everest in 1924, but the summit was not attained without supplementary oxygen until 1978--the last 300 m took 54 years! This suggests that the summit, altitude 8,848 m, is very near the limit of human tolerance, and predictions based on maximal work levels measured at lower altitudes are consistent with this. The American Medical Research Expedition to Everest, 1981, was specifically planned to obtain data on human physiology at extreme altitudes, and a number of measurements were made over 8,000 m, including some on the summit itself. It is apparent that the mountain can be climbed without supplementary oxygen only because the barometric pressure at the summit is not as low as has often been predicted, and because of the extreme hyperventilation that man develops under these conditions. PMID- 7050057 TI - Splanchnic vasoconstriction in heat-stressed men: role of renin-angiotensin system. AB - We conducted a two-part study to determine whether the renin-angiotensin system contributes to the rise in splanchnic vascular resistance (SVR) during heat stress (rectal temperature was raised 1 degree C). In experiment 1 (control) seven men on a normal salt diet were directly heated (water-perfused suits) for 40-50 min. Arterial pressure (85 Torr) was unchanged; plasma renin activity (PRA) rose from 102 to 239 ng angiotensin I.100 ml-1.3 h-1; and SVR increased 73% (from 63 to 109 units). Experiment 2 was a repetition of experiment 1 on the same subjects, except that propranolol (10 mg iv) was given at the onset of heating to block renin release. Propranolol attenuated the rise in heart rate and reduced mean arterial pressure from 82 to 72 Torr; it blocked the rise in PRA with heating in two subjects, reduced it in three, but increased it in two. Although changes in SVR paralleled those in PRA in three subjects, SVR still rose 60% (from 58 to 99 units) after PRA rise was blocked. In both experiments, plasma norepinephrine concentration rose indicating increased sympathetic nervous activity. During mild heat stress, increased PRA is not a major factor in the increase of SVR. PMID- 7050058 TI - Effects of endogenous glucagon on glucose kinetics in shivering dogs. AB - Intravenous infusion of D-[3-3H]glucose at a constant rate was used to measure glucose production (rate of appearance, Ra) and utilization (rate of disappearance, Rd) in normal overnight-fasted dogs exposed to either neutral (TaN = +25 degrees C) or cold (TaC = -21 degrees C) ambient temperature. At TaC the metabolic rate was 4.1 times greater than at TaN and the dogs remained normothermic under both conditions. During control periods, cold exposure provoked a 2.2 times increase in hepatic Ra while plasma glucagon remained unaffected. Between two control periods somatostatin (1 microgram.kg-1.min-1 iv) and insulin (0.5 mU.kg-1.min-1 intraportal) were infused in such a manner that plasma insulin remained fairly constant at basal levels while glucagon dropped by 51% (TaN) and 66% (TaC), these percentages being not significantly different. This selective glucagon deficiency resulted in a 24% (TaN) and 30% (TaC) reduction in plasma glucose concentration, due to a 23% (TaN) and 25% (TaC) reduction in glucose production. There was a significant (r = 0.82, P less than 0.01) correlation between the control Ra and the reduction induced by the glucagon deficiency. At TaN and TaC, two significant parallel relationships were found between hepatic Ra and plasma glucagon concentration suggesting that glucagon has a modulatory effect on more fundamental mechanisms triggered by the cold-increased metabolic needs. PMID- 7050059 TI - Bronchial responsiveness to inhaled methacholine in young asymptomatic smokers. AB - Methacholine inhalation challenges were performed in 10 young smokers who denied having respiratory symptoms and in 10 nonsmokers of the same age. There were five males and five females in each group. The bronchoconstriction was evaluated with specific lung conductance (sGL), maximum partial (initiated from end-inspiratory lung volume) expiratory flows assessed at 40% vital capacity breathing air (Vmax40p air), and a He-O2 mixture (Vmax40p He), and with maximum complete flows breathing He-O2 [forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1), Vmax50c He]. Dose response curves were studied for 1) threshold concentration (TC) where values depart by more than two SD from base line; 2) provocative concentration (PC) causing a fixed fall in a parameter. Smokers differed significantly from nonsmokers for TC and PC accessed by Vmax40p He (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01, respectively), Vmax40p air (P less than 0.01), and Vmax50c He (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively). TC and PC estimated by sGL and FEV1 were not significantly different. Males and females showed a similar reaction. PMID- 7050060 TI - Effects of streptozotocin diabetes, insulin treatment, and training on the diaphragm. AB - The adaptive capability of the diaphragm, the only skeletal muscle considered a vital organ, has received little investigative attention compared with the limb muscles. Since it is chronically active, we asked whether it will adapt to exercise training and if so to what extent. Metabolic adaptations of the diaphragm to exercise training were studied under three conditions: normal, streptozotocin-diabetic, and diabetic receiving insulin treatment. The activities of hexokinase (HK), phosphorylase, and phosphofructokinase (PFK) in the diaphragm of sedentary diabetic Sprague-Dawley albino rats were 22-36% lower than in normal animals. Insulin treatment returned PFK and HK to normal and above normal, respectively. Tricarboxylic acid cycle marker enzymes were not affected by the diabetic condition or insulin treatment. beta-Oxidation enzyme 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH) was 60% higher than normal in the diabetic diaphragm and returned to normal with insulin treatment. Training resulted in increases in the glycolytic and aerobic capacities of all groups. The aerobic changes were similar to those of limb muscles. HADH activity was increased in the normal and diabetic insulin-treated trained groups, but because of its already high activity in the diabetic diaphragm, it did not require an adaptation. PMID- 7050061 TI - Comparison of pulmonary and extrapulmonary extraction of biogenic amines. AB - Multiple indicator-dilution technique was used to study the effect of altered blood flow and imipramine (8 mg/kg) on extraction (E) of trace amounts of 5 hydroxy[14C]tryptamine (5-[14C]HT) and [3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE) in pulmonary (n = 6) and hindlimb (n = 6) circulations of anesthetized dogs. Increasing cardiac output (via right-heart bypass) from 63 to 112 ml.min-1.kg-1 did not significantly affect pulmonary amine extraction [E(5-[14C]-HT), 73 +/- 4%; E([3H]NE), 51 +/- 3%], whereas decreasing cardiac output to 13 ml.min-1.kg-1 led to significant increases in extraction of either amine (P less than 0.05). Imipramine significantly decreased pulmonary amine extraction with greatest inhibition noted at the lowest cardiac output. Hindlimb E(5-[14C]HT) and E([3H]NE) was 49 +/- 6 and 33 +/- 3%, respectively, at hindlimb blood flow of 104 ml/min and was not affected by changes in hindlimb blood flow from 47 to 202 ml/min. Although hindlimb (5-[14C]HT) was significantly less than pulmonary E(5 [14C]-HT), it was similar in that imipramine significantly decreased hindlimb E(5][14C]HT) to 26% (P less than 0.01) suggesting that part of hindlimb 5-HT extraction may involve a drug-sensitive carrier-mediated process as has been shown in lung. The difference in magnitude between the two beds may be a function of decreased endothelial cell surface area in the hindlimb compared with lung. Since pulmonary and hindlimb extraction of trace amounts of these amines appears to be insensitive to changes in blood flow near normal regional blood flow, indicator-dilution techniques appear to be useful in evaluating alterations in the metabolic capacity of the microcirculation of intact animals. PMID- 7050062 TI - Distribution of Ehrlichia canis among military working dogs in the world and selected civilian dogs in the United States. AB - Antibodies to Ehrlichia canis were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in sera from 233 of 2,077 (11%) military working dogs in various locations throughout the world and from 535 of 938 (57%) civilian dogs in the United States during a 1-year period of study. Overall, E canis infection rates ranged from 13% in the tropical and temperate zones below 45 degrees N to 8% in the cold zone north of 45 degrees N latitude. The highest antibody prevalence rate (24%) was found among a select population of dogs stationed between 40 degrees and 45 degrees north latitude (Japan and Okinawa). The seropositive military dogs did not have clinical signs of ehrlichiosis, thus indicating that the predominant form of infection was subclinical. On the other hand, 216 (23%) of the seropositive civilian dogs had various signs of the disease. The difference was attributed to the fact that the sera from civilian dogs were submitted by practitioners who suspected the disease. PMID- 7050063 TI - Studies on beta-lactam antibiotics V. Effect on antimicrobial activity of 2- and/or 3-methyl group (S) in a cephem nucleus. PMID- 7050064 TI - A selective isolation procedure for Pseudomonas bacteria. AB - A selective isolation medium was devised for Pseudomonas bacteria. An antibiotic mixture which contained 10 micrograms per ml of cerexin A, 10 micrograms per ml of nalidixic acid and 30 micrograms per ml of cycloheximide was used. With the antibiotic medium, 58 strains of bacteria presumed to be Pseudomonas which were subdivided into 18 taxonomically different groups were isolated from 3 soil samples with 9% of contaminants. With this method, it was possible to isolate a Pseudomonas bacterium from a sample containing about 400 times as many other Gram positive and -negative bacteria. PMID- 7050065 TI - Aspartate aminotransferase immunoreactivity in cochlea of guinea pig. AB - The distribution of aspartate aminotransferase-like immunoreactivity in the cochlea of the guinea pig was studied at the light microscopy level. Indirect immunofluorescence histochemistry using antisera against cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase prepared from pig heart was applied to surface preparations of the organ of Corti and cryostat sections of the cochlea. In the modiolus, immunofluorescence was localized to spiral ganglion cells and myelinated fibers of the auditory nerve and intraganglionic spiral bundles. In the organ of Corti, immunofluorescence was seen in upper tunnel crossing fibers and at the base of outer hair cells, following a distribution similar to that of the efferent innervation of the outer hair cells. Weak immunofluorescence was seen in the inner spiral bundle and tunnel spiral bundle, but was not present in all preparations. Immunofluorescence was not seen in inner hair cells, nor at the base of inner hair cells, and may have been absent from outer hair cells. It is concluded that spiral ganglion cells and myelinated auditory nerve axons contain aspartate aminotransferase-like immunoreactivity such immunoreactivity has previously been determined in auditory nerve endings inthe cochlear nucleus. Olivocochlear neurons that innervate outer hair cells also contain such immunoreactivity while other cochlear efferents contain little or none. PMID- 7050066 TI - Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and feeding behavior in ponies. AB - The hypothesis that changes in blood glucose concentrations and(or) utilization rate affect feeding behavior in ponies was tested. Ponies (n = 4) were fasted for 4 h, then given iv injections of 50% glucose [.2 g glucose/BW.75 kg (low dose, LD) or 1.0 g glucose/BW.75 kg (high dose, HD)] or an equal volume of normal saline (HDS; LDS) 5 min before being allowed access to pelleted feed. Blood samples were drawn at regular intervals pre- and post-treatment and analyzed for plasma glucose (PG), immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and glucagon concentrations. All glucose-treated animals immediately ate meals of size (HD = .67 +/- .23 kg, LD = .62 +/- .30 kg) and duration (HD = 54 +/- 19 min; LD = 49 +/- 16 min) comparable to those observed after saline injections (HDS = .58 +/- .29 kg in 48 +/- 16 min. LDS = .58 +/- .10 g in 50 +/- 15 min). There was a tendency, however, to prolong the interval between the first and second meal (first intermeal interval) after glucose injections (LD = 62 +/- 16 min, P less than .10; HD = 65 +/- 12 min, P less than .05) relative to saline treatment (LDS = 44 +/- 15 min; HDS = 35 +/- 8 min). Glucose-treated ponies PG was elevated (P less than .01) at the time of refeeding (LD = 122 +/- 14 mg/100 ml; HD = 259 +/- 69 mg/100 ml) relative to controls (84 +/- 2 mg/100 ml) as was 11.2 ng/ml; control = 2.67 +/- 2.20 ng/ml). The concentration of glucagon did not change significantly with either feeding of glucose treatment. The animal's PG and IRI dropped to within or below control ranges by 35 (LD) or 65 min (HD) post-treatment. The results indicated that, in ponies, intravenous glucose loads can prolong the duration of satiety experienced after a meal. Exogenously-induced hyperglycemia and resultant hyperinsulinemia do not, however, affect the first meal size or duration of ponies after a 4 h fast. PMID- 7050067 TI - Salt-its use in animal products- a human health dilemma. AB - High Na intake has been identified as one possible contributor to development of hypertension that occurs in 10 to 20% of the United States population. Per capita intake of salt, which is the major source of Na in the diet, is estimated to average 10 to 12 g/d. Discretionary use accounts for about 3 to 4 g, with an equal amount naturally present in unprocessed foods and 4 to 6 g being added during processing. Theories concerning the possible role of salt in development of hypertension are reviewed. As a result of the possible relationship of salt intake to hypertension, the Food and Nutrition Board has recommended that salt consumption be reduced to 3 to 8 g.capita-1.d-1. This would require a reduction in the amount of salt added by discretionary use and (or) during processing. The amount of salt found in various raw and processed animal products is presented and the role and importance of salt in these products are examined. Consideration is then given to methods that may be adopted to reduce Na consumption and the potential influence of these methods upon various animal products. PMID- 7050068 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica. PMID- 7050069 TI - A new screening method for investigating microbial interactions. PMID- 7050070 TI - A comparison of metronidazole and clindamycin for the treatment of intra abdominal anaerobic infection: a multicentre trial. PMID- 7050071 TI - The basis of immunoassays for antibiotics. PMID- 7050072 TI - Use of statistical methods in the rapid determination of antimicrobial susceptibilities of Escherichia coli. PMID- 7050073 TI - Antibacterial activity of a new thiatetracycline antibiotic, thiacycline, in comparison with tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline. PMID- 7050074 TI - Pancreatic beta cell function and peripheral activity of insulin in maturity onset diabetics--evaluation by mathematical applications. PMID- 7050075 TI - [Infantile cortical hyperostosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7050076 TI - New genes involved in carbon catabolite repression and derepression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A mutation causing resistance to carbon catabolite repression in gene HEX2, mutant allele hex2-3, causes an extreme sensitivity to maltose when in combination with the genes necessary for maltose metabolism. This provided a convenient system for the selective isolation of mutations in genes specifically required for maltose metabolism and other genes involved in general carbon catabolite repression. In addition to reversion of the hex2-3 allele, mutations in three other genes were detected. These genes were called CAT1, CAT3, and MUR1 and in a mutated form abolished maltose inhibition caused by mutant allele hex2 3. Mutant alleles cat1 and cat3 also restored normal repression in the presence of the hex2-3 allele. Segregants having only mutant alleles cat1 or cat3 were obtained by tetrad analysis. These segregants could not grow on nonfermentable carbon sources. Mutant alleles of gene CAT1 were allelic to a mutant allele cat1 1 previously isolated (Zimmermann et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 151:95-103). Such mutants prevented derepression not only of the maltose catabolizing system, the selected property, but also of glyoxylate shunt and gluconeogenic enzymes. However, respiratory activities and invertase formation were not affected under derepressing conditions. cat3 mutants had the same phenotypic properties as cat1 mutants. This showed that carbon metabolism in yeast cells is under a very complex and ramified control of repressing and derepressing genes, which are interdependent. PMID- 7050077 TI - Expression of a copy number control gene (copB) of plasmid R1 is constitutive and growth rate dependent. AB - The copy number control gene copB from plasmid R1 was fused to the lacZ gene in vitro, resulting in expression of a fused polypeptide consisting of the first 53 amino acids of the CopB polypeptide and the beta-galactosidase polypeptide minus its first 8 amino acids. Based on measurements of specific activities of this fused protein under various conditions, it was concluded that expression of copB is gene dosage dependent, unregulated by plasmid-coded functions, and proportional to growth rate between 0.4 and 2.0 doublings per h. The rate of expression of the copB gene is surprisingly high compared with other known cases of regulatory proteins. PMID- 7050078 TI - Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a copy number control gene (copB) of plasmid R1. AB - Deletions or insertions in the copB gene of plasmid R1 result in a copy mutant phenotype. The wild-type copB gene has been cloned on various plasmid vectors. The presence of such chimeric plasmids reduced the copy number of R1 copB mutant plasmids to normal or subnormal levels, indicating the expression of a trans acting inhibitor activity from the copB chimeras. However, the cloned copB gene did not affect the copy number of wild-type R1, and no incompatibility was exerted by the cloned copB gene against wild-type R1 (or R100). Although the copB gene is not normally required for the incompatibility exerted by copA, it is shown that the CopB function is required for expression of incompatibility by the copA gene from some types of chimeric plasmids. Mutant plasmids that have lost both Cop functions replicate in an uncontrolled fashion. PMID- 7050079 TI - Genetic analysis of the pyruvate decarboxylase reaction in yeast glycolysis. AB - Six different pyruvate decarboxylase mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated. They belong to two unlinked complementation groups. Evidence is presented that one group is affected in a structural gene. The fact that five of the six mutants had residual pyruvate decarboxylase activity provided the opportunity for an intensive physiological characterization. It was shown that the loss of enzyme activity in vitro is reflected in a lower fermentation rate, an increased pyruvate secretion, and slower growth on a 2% glucose medium. The different effects of antimycin A on leaky mutants grown on ethanol versus the same mutants grown on glucose support the view that glucose induces some of the glycolytic enzymes, especially pyruvate decarboxylase. PMID- 7050080 TI - Reproducible and rapid methods for the isolation and assay of a-factor, a yeast mating hormone. AB - The Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating hormone a-factor has been difficult to isolate reproducibly in sufficient yields by methods using ion-exchange chromatography, probably because of its pronounced hydrophobicity. In this work, a hydrophobic adsorbent (Amberlite XAD-2), in an insoluble bead from, was used to isolate larger (up to sixfold greater than previous reports) and quite reproducible (12% standard deviation) quantities of a-factor by adsorption from cell-free filtrates of a cultures. Moreover, when the beads were added to the cultures at the time of inoculation, sixfold greater yields were obtained than when a-factor was adsorbed to the beads from cell-free filtrates. a-Factor was readily eluted from the beads with 1-propanol. The same adsorbent could also be used in the partial purification of the less hydrophobic alpha-factor. Adsorption of both hormones by Amberlite XAD-2 gave a degree of purification comparable to that obtained by the first steps of previously published methods while providing larger yields of hormones. The present procedure is shorter, simpler, and, for a factor, more reproducible. The activities of both hormones were quantitated by using an assay in which the size distribution of cells in the population was monitored after the addition of hormone of the opposite mating type. The extent of increase in cell size which accompanies hormone treatment is a function of the hormone concentration. To ensure solubilization of a-factor in the aqueous bioassay system, samples were diluted into bovine serum albumin solutions and sonicated before assaying. The resulting assay is most sensitive at hormone concentrations between 0.05 and 2 U/ml, can reliably detect as little as 0.16 ng of hormone, gave results reproducible within 16%, and is convenient for a large number (>100) of samples. PMID- 7050081 TI - Role of metabolism of the mating pheromone in sexual differentiation of the heterobasidiomycete Rhodosporidium toruloides. AB - A trypsin-type endopeptidase (Kamiya et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 94:855-860, 1980) responsible for the metabolism of rhodotorucine A, the farnesyl undecapeptide mating pheromone secreted by mating type A cells of Rhodosporidium toruloides, was biologically characterized. Metabolic activity was found to be present exclusively on the cell surface of the pheromone target cell. The activity was highly specific to the pheromone, and a biologically inactive analog which has the complete amino acid sequence of rhodotorucine A but lacks the farnesyl residue was not metabolized by intact cells. Pheromone metabolism was inhibited by trypsin substrates such as tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester. The presence of tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester strongly inhibited the sexual differentiation induced by the pheromone at a concentration which did not affect the vegetative growth of R. toruloides. Pheromone-induced sexual differentiation was also strongly inhibited by a metabolizable analog, rhodotorucine A S-oxide, but not by a non-metabolizable one. In mutants defective in early processes of mating, the decrease in the pheromone metabolic activity correlated well with the extent of loss of sensitivity to the pheromone. Both the pheromone metabolism and the capacity for sexual differentiation of a sterile mutant were restored concomitantly with reversion from the sterile to the fertile phenotype. These results suggested that metabolism of the mating pheromone plays an essential role in the process of sexual differentiation in R. toruloides. PMID- 7050082 TI - Pleiotropic control of five eucaryotic genes by multiple regulatory elements. AB - We have previously shown that allophanate acts as an inducer for five structural genes whose products participate in the degradation of allantoin by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This observation led us to hypothesize that these genes might be controlled in common and to test the hypothesis by searching for mutants unable to induce production of the allantoin-degrading enzymes. Such mutants have been found. These strains grew poorly when provided with any of the allantoin pathway intermediates, but used other nitrogen sources normally. The mutations carried in these strains were recessive to wild-type alleles and complemented mutations in all known loci associated with the allantoin pathway. The locus containing the most thoroughly studied mutation (dal81-1) was not fund to be tightly linked to any of the allantoin pathway structural genes. The low basal levels of allantoin pathway enzymes observed in Dal81- strains remained the same whether or not the inducer was present in the growth medium. However, the levels of enzyme increased moderately when mutants were grown on poor nitrogen sources. From these observations, we conclude that dal81 mutant strains possess a defect in the induction of enzyme synthesis; enzyme production due to relief of nitrogen catabolite repression, however, appears normal. The observed epistatic relationships of mutations in the DAL80 and DAL81 loci suggest that their products may possess a reasonable degree of functional independence. PMID- 7050083 TI - Genetic analysis of Candida albicans: identification of different isoleucine valine, methionine, and arginine alleles by complementation. AB - By using the spheroplast fusion technique as a tool for genetic analysis, we have demonstrated complementation among three of four isoleucine-valine mutants, two of three methionine mutants, and two arginine mutants of independent origin from two different Candida albicans isolates. The two adenine mutants derived from the same parent strain did not complement. Complementation resulted predominantly from heterokaryon formation and, in some cases, from heterozygote formation. In either case, most fusion products were unstable and showed nuclear as well as chromosomal segregation, in a few cases resulting in recombination of parental auxotrophic markers. However, some fusion products were fairly stable. PMID- 7050084 TI - Tiamulin resistance mutations in Escherichia coli. AB - Forty "two-step" and 13 "three-step" tiamulin-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli PR11 were isolated and tested for alteration of ribosomal proteins. Mutants with altered ribosomal proteins S10, S19, L3, and L4 were detected. The S19, L3, and L4 mutants were studied in detail. The L3 and L4 mutations did not segregate from the resistance character in transductional crosses and therefore seem to be responsible for the resistance. Extracts of these mutants also exhibited an increased in vitro resistance to tiamulin in the polyuridylic acid and phage R17 RNA-dependent polypeptide synthesis systems, and it was demonstrated that this was a property of the 50S subunit. In the case of the S19 mutant, genetic analysis showed segregation between resistance and the S19 alteration and therefore indicated that mutation of a protein other than S19 was responsible for the resistance phenotype. The isolated ribosomes of the S19, L3, and L4 mutants bound radioactive tiamulin with a considerably reduced strength when compared with those of wild-type cells. The association constants were lower by factors ranging from approximately 20 to 200. When heated in the presence of ammonium chloride, these ribosomes partially regained their avidity for tiamulin. PMID- 7050085 TI - Cloning and functional characterization of the plasmid-encoded hemolysin determinant of Escherichia coli. AB - We cloned the DNA containing the Escherichia coli hemolysin determinant on a small, high-copy plasmid. We generated plasmids containing fragments of this DNA and used them either alone or in two-plasmid complementation systems to define the limits of the structural genes. This system also allowed us to partially characterize the function of each of the gene products in the production and transport of hemolysin. Taken with previously published data, the present experiments indicate the following. (i) At least three cistrons, hlyC, hlyA, and hlyB (these were previously designated cisC, etc. [Noegel et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 175:343-350, 1979]), contain the specific genetic information for the hemolytic phenotype, (ii) hlyA encodes a 107,000-kilodalton protein, which seems to be an inactive precursor of hemolysin. (iii) Normal amounts of hemolysin activity inactive precursor of hemolysin. (iii) Normal amounts of hemolysin activity require only the products of hlyA and hlyC. This activity was found in the periplasm; very little hemolysin activity was found in the cytoplasm, suggesting that the hlyC product is required for transport or activation of the hlyA product or both. (iv) Active hemolysin remains in the periplasm in the absence of hlyB function, hence the hlyB product seems to be necessary for the transport of hemolysin to the exterior of the cell. We further show that overproduction of the hlyA product is lethal, probably causing lysis of the cell. PMID- 7050086 TI - Mapping of two loci affecting the synthesis and structure of a periplasmic protein involved in arginine and ornithine transport in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The map location of two genes, abpR and abpS, was established. The abpR locus is responsible for the synthesis and the abpS locus is responsible for the structure of the arginine-ornithine-binding protein, a required component of the arginine ornithine transport system of Escherichia coli. Two loci that result in elevated synthesis of the arginine-ornithine-binding protein and in an altered protein were mapped by bacterial conjugation and transduction studies. The mapping showed that the two genes lie in close proximity near the argA genetic marker in the order, with respect to argA, of argA abpR abpS. The maximal influx of arginine into an abpR mutant, which produces the arginine-ornithine-binding protein in an elevated amount, was substantially higher than the value obtained with an isogenic wild-type strain (apbR+). It also was observed that there was a close similarity between the affinity of the transport system for its substrate and the in vitro affinity of the binding protein for arginine both in the case of the isogenic wild type (abpS+) and a mutant (abpS6) carrying an altered protein. These results were consistent with the concept that the binding protein modulates the affinity of the transport system and suggest that it is the step of substrate recognition by the periplasmic protein which is rate-limiting in the entire process of transport at maximal influx. PMID- 7050087 TI - Requirement of Fnr and NarL functions for nitrate reductase expression in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - I used a chlC-lac operon fusion to study regulatory mutations which affect nitrate reductase expression in Escherichia coli. A NarL- mutant apparently lacks a nitrate-specific positive regulatory component. Furthermore, an fnr (nirR) mutation prevented enzyme induction under any conditions. These data are consistent with a two-step, positive control model for nitrate reductase regulation. PMID- 7050088 TI - Purification and characterization of the conidial laccase of Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Conidial laccase of Aspergillus nidulans was purified by standard protein purification methods. Although the purified material showed a cluster of several protein bands on a nondenaturing gel, each of these protein bands had laccase activity. All bands of activity, however, were absent in a strain carrying a mutation in the structural gene for laccase. Concentrated solutions (greater than 1 mg/ml) were bright blue, suggesting that, like other laccases, this enzyme contains copper. The enzyme contained asparagine-linked carbohydrate (12% by weight) which could be removed by digestion with endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase H. The molecular weight of native enzyme as determined by gel filtration was 110,000, but the largest component in a sodium dodecyl sulfate gel was 80,000. Several smaller components (55,000 and 36,000 molecular weight) were also visible. We present evidence which suggests that the smaller components are in vivo cleavage products tightly associated with enzymatically active molecules. Comparison of the laccase from a white-spore (wA) and a green-spore (wA+) strain showed, surprisingly, that the enzymes differed in electrophoretic pattern, in vitro heat stability, and in vivo metabolic stability. The difference was manifested for enzymes isolated from cultures after conidial pigmentation of the wA+ strain had occurred. If examined earlier, before pigmentation, the enzymes were indistinguishable. Since wA strains lack the precursor of the wild type green pigment, i.e., the laccase substrate, we suggest that the transformation of the enzyme of the wA strain is due to its failure to interact with its normal substrate. PMID- 7050089 TI - A gene coding for a periplasmic protein is located near the locus for termination of chromosome replication in Escherichia coli. AB - Hybrid plasmids carrying trg, the genetic locus in closest proximity to terC, coded for several polypeptides in addition to the Trg protein. Polypeptides of 59,000 and 61,000 apparent molecular weight were the most prominent products synthesized in minicells containing the hybrid plasmids. Analysis of the effects of deletions generated by a restriction endonuclease identified a region of DNA immediately adjacent to trg as the putative gene coding for the two polypeptides. Studies with whole cells and minicells showed that the 59,000-dalton polypeptide is a periplasmic protein. Analysis by limited proteolysis indicated that the two polypeptides are related, and a number of observations support the notion that the 61,000-dalton protein is a precursor form of the 59,000-dalton mature exported protein. The identification and characterization of a protein, in addition to Trg, which is produced by a gene in close proximity to terC emphasizes the fact that the region does contain intact and active genes. PMID- 7050090 TI - A third L-proline permease in Salmonella typhimurium which functions in media of elevated osmotic strength. AB - Exogenous proline specifically stimulates the growth rate of enteric bacteria in media of inhibitory osmotic strength (J. H. B. Christian, Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 8:490-497, 1955). I observed that Salmonella typhimurium mutants which lack both of the previously known proline permeases (putP proP) are stimulated by proline in media of inhibitory osmolarity. I propose that there is a third proline permease which functions only in media of elevated osmolarity. This conclusion is based on the observations that, in media of elevated osmolarity, (i) the sensitivity of putP proP mutants to toxic proline analogs increases, (ii) proline requirements for maximal growth of proline auxotrophic putP proP mutants decreases, and (iii) the specific rate of incorporation of radioactive proline into protein of growing cells increases. I obtained a Tn10-induced mutation in a gene (proU) required for the functioning of the third proline permease and determined the map location to be at 59 map units of the chromosome, between srlA and tct, 66% linked to nalB in P22 transduction. My results suggest that the function of the third, osmotically stimulated permease might be to accumulate high intracellular proline levels during osmotic stress. Possible mechanisms by which proline might cause growth stimulation are discussed. PMID- 7050091 TI - Heat-induced blebbing and vesiculation of the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. AB - Thermal damage to the outer membrane of Escherichia coli W3110 was studied. When E. coli cells were heated at 55 degrees C in 50 mM Tris-hydrochloride buffer at pH 8.0, surface blebs were formed on the cell envelope, mainly at the septa of dividing cells. Membrane lipids were released from the cells during the heating period, and part of the released lipids formed vesicle-like structures from the membrane. This vesicle fraction had a lipopolysaccharide to phospholipid ratio similar to that of the outer membrane of intact cells, whereas it had a lower content of protein than the isolated outer membrane. After heating bacterial cells at 55 degrees C for 30 min, the resulting leakage from the cells of a periplasmic enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, amounted to 52% of the total activity, whereas no release of a cytoplasmic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, was detected. The results obtained suggest that surface blebs formed by heat treatment almost completely consist of the outer membrane and that the blebs may be gradually released from the cell surface into the heating menstruum to partially form vesicles. PMID- 7050093 TI - Analysis of btuB receptor function by use of nonsense suppression. AB - Informational suppression of btuB nonsense mutants allows the study of the effect of known, single amino acid substitutions on receptor function. We found that ligand uptake is largely unaffected by such amino acid changes. The few instances in which certain substitutions destroyed sensitivity to the two lethal agents (phage BF23, colicin E3) without affecting vitamin B12 uptake suggest a common region on the btuB receptor involved in the binding of these proteinaceous agents. PMID- 7050092 TI - Mutations in genes cpxA and cpxB alter the protein composition of Escherichia coli inner and outer membranes. AB - Mutations in chromosomal genes cpxA and cpxB altered the protein composition of the inner and outer bacterial membranes. Electrophoretic analyses of membrane proteins from isogenic strains differing only at their cpx loci and of spontaneous cpxA+ revertants of a cpxA cpxB double mutant showed that the alterations define a pattern that is uniquely attributable to the cpx mutations. Two major outer membrane proteins, the OmpF matrix porin and the murein lipoprotein, were deficient or absent from the outer membrane of mutant cells, whereas the quantities of two other major outer membrane proteins, the OmpC matrix porin and the OmpA protein, were not significantly altered. The cpx mutations did not generally alter the functional or chemical properties of the cell envelope. In the electron microscope, mutant cells appeared ovoid, but individual cells showed no surface irregularities to suggest gross defects in the cell envelope. These observations suggest that the primary effect of the mutations is to alter selectively the synthesis or translocation of certain envelope proteins. PMID- 7050094 TI - Overproduction of cis-vaccenic acid and altered temperature control of fatty acid synthesis in a mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - A mutant of Escherichia coli has been characterized which overproduces cis vaccenic acid in the temperature range of 30 to 42 degrees C. The mutational lesion acts within the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway rather than at the level of fatty acid incorporation into phospholipid. PMID- 7050095 TI - The effect of bacterial endotoxin on synthesis of (Cu,Zn)superoxide dismutase in lungs of oxygen-exposed rats. AB - Administration of bacterial endotoxin to rats exposed to greater than 95% O2 results in increased lung superoxide dismutase activity, decreased O2-induced lung damage, and a 3- to 4-fold improvement in survival rate (Frank, L., Yam, J., and Roberts, R. J. (1978) J. Clin. Invest, 61, 269-275). Antibodies to rat liver (Cu,Zn) superoxide dismutase were prepared and utilized to investigate the mechanism by which endotoxin treatment leads to increased lung superoxide dismutase activity. Assay of enzyme activity and of immunodetectable enzyme showed that the increased activity is due to an increase in the number of enzyme molecules rather than activation of existing enzyme. Compared to air controls, lung slices from rats exposed to greater than 95% O2 and treated with endotoxin have elevated rats of synthesis of (Cu,Zn)superoxide dismutase (51%) and of total protein (100%). Lung slices from untreated rats exposed to greater than 95% O2 have no such elevations. Endotoxin treatment thus appears to stimulate lung protein synthesis, leading to greater (Cu,Zn)superoxide dismutase activity due to an increased number of enzyme molecules. PMID- 7050096 TI - Direct photoaffinity labeling of an allosteric site of subunit protein M1 of mouse ribonucleotide reductase by dATP. Evidence for two independent binding interactions within the allosteric specificity site. AB - The M1 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase contains two kinds of allosteric sites, the activity site and the specificity site, which regulate the overall catalytic activity and the substrate specificity of the enzyme, respectively. The effector nucleotides, dGTP and dTTP, bind only to the specificity site; dATP and ATP bind to both sites. Partially purified protein M1 was photolabeled specifically after UV irradiation in the presence of [32P]dATP. The labeling occurred exclusively at the allosteric specificity site as evidenced by 1) total inhibition of the labeling by dGTP and dTTP, 2) normal photoincorporation of [32P]dATP by mutant protein M1 molecules that lack a functional activity site, and 3) coidentity of one-dimensional peptide maps of protein M1 labeled with either [32P]dATP or [32P]dTTP. A mutant protein M1 that is resistant to normal regulation by dGTP and dTTP (indicating an alteration in the allosteric specificity site) showed normal photoincorporation of [32P]dATP (but not [32P]dTTP). This labeling was not inhibited by dGTP or dTTP. Our data suggest that this mutation has altered the binding of dGTP and dTTP but not dATP (or ATP) at the specificity site. Thus, by the combination of genetic and photolabeling techniques, two independent nucleotide binding interactions occurring within this one complex regulatory domain can be distinguished. PMID- 7050097 TI - Characterization of the Forssman-active oligosaccharides from dog gastric mucus glycoprotein isolated with the use of a monoclonal antibody. AB - The structure of carbohydrate chains of dog gastric mucus glycoprotein bearing Forssman antigenic determinant was investigated. The reduced oligosaccharides obtained by alkaline borohydride reductive cleavage of the glycoprotein were chromatographed on a immunoaffinity column containing monoclonal anti-Forssman antibody coupled to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B. The bound oligosaccharides, eluted from the affinity column with 6 M urea, separated on thin layer chromatography into two major components. These two compounds, representing 92% of the absorbed oligosaccharides, were purified to homogeneity, and their structures and antigenic properties were determined. Based on the results of immunological assays, analysis of sugar composition, sequential degradation with specific glycosidases, and methylation analyses of the intact and enzyme-degraded compounds, we propose the following structures for these oligosaccharides. (formula, see text). PMID- 7050098 TI - The cell attachment domain of fibronectin. Determination of the primary structure. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the cell attachment domain of human plasma fibronectin (Pierschbacher, M. D., Hayman, E. G., and Ruoslahti, E. (1981) Cell 26, 259-267) has been determined by automated sequential degradation of a peptic fragment comprising this region and of peptides derived from this fragment by digestion with thermolysin, staphylococcal V8 protease, cyanogen bromide cleavage, and partial acid hydrolysis. The fragment contains 108 residues with isoleucine and methionine as the NH2- and carboxyl-terminal amino acids, respectively. No cysteines are present. The calculated molecular weight of the cell attachment fragment, based on the amino acid sequence, is 11,482, which is in good agreement with the molecular weight estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. There are no homologies in this fragment with other published sequences. The implications of the structure of the cell attachment fragment to the molecular mechanism of cell fibronectin interaction are discussed. PMID- 7050099 TI - Purification and properties of chloroplast leucyl-tRNA synthetase from a higher plant: Phaseolus vulgaris. AB - The chloroplast leucyl-tRNA synthetase from Phaseolus vulgaris was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, hydroxylapatite, and phosphocellulose. Finally, the pure enzyme was obtained after affinity chromatography on Blue Sepharose CL-6B using specific elution with a pure Escherichia coli tRNALeu isoacceptor. The specific activity of chloroplast leucyl-tRNA synthetase (1550 units/mg) is the highest ever obtained for a higher plant aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. The purified enzyme has an optimal pH of 9.0 and Km values are, respectively, 2.6 X 10(-6) M for unfractionated E. coli tRNA, 0.85 X 10(-6) M for E. coli tRNA5Leu, 1.8 X 10(-4) M for ATP, and 1.4 X 10(-5) M for L leucine. Chloroplast leucyl-tRNA synthetase is a large monomer which has a Mr of 122,000 as determined by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea and by gel filtration. Determination of Stokes radius, diffusion coefficient, and frictional ratio suggests that the enzyme structure is rather compact. The amino acid composition shows a relatively large proportion of apolar residues. Specific antibodies were raised in rabbits against the pure chloroplast leucyl-tRNA synthetase. PMID- 7050100 TI - The selective solubilization of different murine splenocyte membrane fractions with lubrol WX and triton X-100 distinguishes two forms of Ia antigens. A cell surface (alpha, beta) and an intracellular (alpha, Ii, beta). AB - The selective solubilization of different murine lymphocyte membrane compartments with several nonionic detergents was used to study the subcellular distribution of two distinct forms of lymphocyte cell recognition structures (Ia antigens). Ia antigens were isolated with a monoclonal anti-Ia immunoadsorbent from murine splenocytes that had been solubilized with four different nonionic detergents. Analyses of the immunoprecipitates indicated that Lubrol WX was selectively solubilizing a subpopulation of Ia consisting of mature highly glycosylated alpha and beta polypeptides which were not associated with Ii polypeptide. A second Ia subpopulation consisting of less glycosylated cytoplasmic precursor alpha and beta polypeptides associated with Ii polypeptide was immunoprecipitated from the Lubrol WX-insoluble material after solubilizing this material with Triton X-100. Comparable results were obtained when HLA-DR antigens were similarly isolated from cultured human lymphoblastoid cells. This selective solubilization phenomenon was not unique to Ia antigens. Only mature highly glycosylated H-2K molecules were immunoprecipitated from the Lubrol WX-soluble material while the less glycosylated precursor H-2K molecules were immunoprecipitated from the Triton X-100-solubilized Lubrol-insoluble material. These data directly demonstrate that the Ii polypeptide is exclusively associated with the intracellular Ia antigen cytoplasmic precursor molecules. These data also indicate that, under the conditions used in these experiments, Lubrol WX does not completely solubilize integral membrane proteins that have previously been shown to be associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 7050101 TI - Studies on the mechanism of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I large fragment. Chain termination and modulation by polynucleotides. AB - Homopolymer replication systems and measurement of precise product chain length have been used to elucidate two new points about the mechanism of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I large fragment: chain termination as a function of product chain length is multiphasic, and polynucleotides exert a secondary effect in the mechanism of this enzyme. During replication of (dT)800 or (dA)800 with short oligonucleotides as primer, DNA polymerase I large fragment was processive, catalyzing hundreds of dNMP incorporations during each cycle of binding to the template-primer, incorporation, and termination. Our observations indicated, however, that polynucleotides could terminate chain elongation and that this effect probably occurred through interaction at a secondary binding site on the enzyme. Thus, in the presence of higher levels of template-primer, early termination occurred and the relatively short product molecules could be resolved by gel electrophoresis. Incubation conditions were adjusted so that the number of product molecules at each chain length was equal to the actual number of termination events, and, therefore, the statistical chance for termination as a function of product chain length could be calculated. These termination probability values depended upon specific incubation conditions, such as dNTP level and whether the primer was a ribo- or deoxyribonucleotide, and interestingly, the values changed as the chain length of the product increased. For the first 5 to 10 dMP residues added to the primer, termination probability declined with each dNMP addition, but then remained constant for the addition of the next 20 to 40 dNMP residues. These results are discussed in the context of a kinetic model representing two stages of synthesis during the formation of each product molecule. PMID- 7050102 TI - Mouse procollagen IV. Characterization and supramolecular association. AB - The endodermal cell line PF-HR9, derived from the murine teratocarcinoma cell line PCC4-F, was grown as monolayers and as cell clusters called embryoid bodies. Procollagen IV and laminin were isolated from both kinds of culture media. Antibodies specific to collagen IV and to laminin demonstrated these materials in association with the cells and in the culture media. The procollagen IV consisted of pro alpha 1 IV and pro alpha 2 IV chains and gave a circular dichroic spectrum characteristic for collagen helices, with thermal transitions at 40, 44, and 51 degrees C. The molecules were visualized electron microscopically after rotary shadowing. Laminin showed the characteristic beaded cross-appearance, and procollagen IV was a 434 +/- 12-nm long linear thread containing a 17-nm carboxyl terminal knob. The 7% of collagen helix with Tm = 51 degrees C corresponds to about a 30-nm length of the molecule and is probably that section of the amino end through which several procollagen IV molecules form a junctional complex. Several noncovalent associations of procollagen IV molecules were demonstrated by velocity sedimentation and electron microscopy of concentrated culture media, specifically associations of two and four procollagen IV molecules through their amino ends and dimers linked at their carboxyl ends. The results show that procollagen IV molecules associate noncovalently into the components which others have isolated from basement membranes and strongly support a network model of these supramolecular assemblies. PMID- 7050103 TI - Processing and secretion of alpha-mannosidase forms by Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - We are studying the biosynthesis and processing of acid hydrolases from Dictyostelium discoideum. We prepared antibody to highly purified alpha mannosidase from the spent medium of stationary phase cultures. It precipitated alpha-mannosidase but not beta-hexosaminidase, alpha-glucosidase, beta glucosidase, or any of the major proteins in cell lysates or secretions. The antibody precipitated a 150,000- and an 80,000-dalton protein in addition to mature forms (56,000-62,000 daltons) of alpha-mannosidase subunits. The possibility that the 150,000 and 80,000 dalton bands were precursors of mature forms was evaluated by pulse-chase experiments. Following a 20-min pulse labeling period, only the 150,000-dalton protein was detected in the immunoprecipitate. Apparent conversion of this form into 80,000- and 60,000-dalton forms was observed following a 30-min chase. During the next 90 min continued accumulation of 60,000-dalton and appearance of 62,000-dalton forms was observed while the 80,000-dalton form disappeared. The fate of the 150,000-dalton precursor depended on nutritional conditions. In cells conditioned with fresh growth medium intracellular processing predominated. Less than 10% of either the precursor or mature forms was secreted in 8 hr. However, when cells were shifted from growth medium to starvation buffer, secretion of precursor soon predominated. After a 1 hr lag period, cells began secreting 150,000-dalton precursor into the medium. After 4 hr in starvation buffer, the rate of secretion of 150,000-dalton form increased by at least an order of magnitude while processing was markedly diminished. This may be a case where nutritional conditions control the sorting of an acid hydrolase precursor. PMID- 7050104 TI - Hemoglobin binding site and its relationship to the serine protease-like active site of haptoglobin. AB - Haptoglobin forms a stable, irreversible complex with hemoglobin. The H chain of haptoglobin, which is the subunit that binds hemoglobin, shows strong sequence homology with the serine protease family. This raises the question of whether hemoglobin binds to the protease-like active site pocket of H chain as the protease inhibitors do with serine proteases. This question can be tested by binding proflavin and thionin to haptoglobin because these dyes are known to interact specifically with serine proteases at the peptide binding site. A single, specific binding site, characteristic of the serine proteases, was found for haptoglobin with association constants for proflavin or 1.4 x 10(3) at pH 7.1 and 8.2 x 10(3) at pH 9.5 and for thionin of 3.5 x 10(3) at pH 7.1. In order to confirm that these dyes are indeed binding to the specificity pocket of haptoglobin, competition experiments with classical serine protease substrates and inhibitors were performed. The results showed that trypsin-specific substrates and inhibitors did compete with proflavin binding, as expected from the homology, and that reagents of a chymotryptic specificity did not. When the dye titrations were performed on haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex, the same binding constants were obtained as for haptoglobin alone. This demonstrates that the active site-like region of haptoglobin and the hemoglobin binding site are mutually exclusive and do not interact in any way. PMID- 7050105 TI - Kinetic studies on the interaction of chain initiation factor 3 with 70 S Escherichia coli ribosomes and subunits. AB - The magnesium ion dependencies of several of the reaction rates for assembly of the Escherichia coli protein synthesis initiation complex have been determined as well as the effects of IF-3 (initiation factor 3) on the overall reaction of 30 S and 50 S ribosomal subunits. The reaction kinetics were studied by light scattering changes as well as by changes in the fluorescence anisotropy of dansylated-IF-3. The full model for treating these processes consists of four reactions, three of which are thermodynamically independent. Conditions were chosen and techniques were employed that allowed three of the reactions to be studied individually. This allowed us to fit, with a single adjustable rate constant, all of the light-scattering changes that occurred upon flowing 30 S and 50 S ribosomal subunits against varying concentrations of both Mg2+ and IF-3. Preparations of IF-3 were found to react toward 30 S subunits with either of two markedly different binding rates. We find that the simplest model that explains both the light-scattering and anisotropy data for all IF-3 experiments is one that includes as a necessary step the association of 30 S-IF-3 with 50 S subunits to form a 70 S-IF-3 complex. PMID- 7050106 TI - Energy-dependent inactivation and modification of a tryptophan biosynthetic enzyme in Escherichia coli. AB - The bifunctional tryptophan biosynthetic enzyme N-(5'-phosphoribosyl)anthranilate (PRA) isomerase/indole-3-glycerol phosphate (InGP) synthetase was purified from Escherichia coli cultures incubated under several conditions, some of which result in inactivation of the enzyme (starvation for ammonium or sulfate, chloramphenicol inhibition). Recovery of enzyme activity during purification from cultures incubated under inactivating conditions suggested that activity was restored or that an inhibitor was removed. In these preparations, the enzymatic properties were altered slightly but not in a manner that could account for inactivation. Each preparation exhibited one major protein species (Mr approximately 50,000) when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis but revealed several species during isoelectric focusing in the range of pH 5.5 to 6.0. Comparison of the distribution of species indicated that modification to the more acidic forms had occurred in growing and nongrowing cells but not during stationary phase, glucose starvation, or energy depletion. The results suggested that inactivation and modification had occurred in vivo by an energy-dependent process. Several metabolites tested did not inhibit the purified enzyme. Attempts to detect an inhibitor in crude cell extracts were also not successful. PMID- 7050107 TI - Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase from Caulobacter crescentus CB15. A novel bacteriocuprein form of the enzyme. AB - A bacteriocuprein is a copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase isolated from a bacterium. Until recently, the first and only documented bacteriocuprein was that from the marine bacterium Photobacterium leiognathi, which lives symbiotically with Leiognathid fishes. A new bacteriocuprein has been discovered, purified, and characterized from the free living, non-symbiotic bacterium, Caulobacter crescentus CB15. In its native molecular weight, homodimeric subunit structure, specific activity, and metal content, Caulobacter bacteriocuprein is very similar to the copper-zinc superoxide dismutases isolated from eukaryotes, just as the bacteriocuprein from Photobacterium has been shown to be. However, isolation and compositional analysis of tryptic peptides from Caulobacter bacteriocuprein has suggested that it contains amino acid substitutions at a number of sites which have been strictly conserved among the sequences of the eukaryote copper-zinc dismutases, from yeast to human. Consequently, Caulobacter bacteriocuprein may not be as closely related to the eukaryote enzymes as Photobacterium bacteriocuprein appears to be. Thus, the hypothesis of eukaryote to prokaryote gene transfer, proposed for the origin of the Photobacterium protein, may not be applicable for it. Alternative evolutionary mechanisms may therefore be necessary to explain the presence of the rare bacteriocuprein branch in the family tree of copper-zinc superoxide dismutases. PMID- 7050108 TI - A lectin-resistant mouse lymphoma cell line is deficient in glucosidase II, a glycoprotein-processing enzyme. AB - Glycosylation of asparagine residues of glycoproteins occurs by the transfer of a glucose3mannose9N-acetylglucosamine2 (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) oligosaccharide from a lipid carrier to the nascent protein. Normally, this transfer is quickly followed by the stepwise removal of the glucose residues which are arranged in the sequence: Glc1 leads to 2Glc1 leads to 3Glc1 leads to 3Man. We now report studies which demonstrate that a lectin-resistant mutant of the BW5147 mouse lymphoma cell line is deficient in the enzyme which removes the two inner glucose residues. This cell line (PHAR2.7) was selected for resistance to the cytotoxic effects of Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinating lectin (Trowbridge, I. S., Hyman, R., Ferson, T., and Mazauskas, C. (1978) Eur. J. Immunol. 8, 716-723). Glycopeptides prepared from cells equilibrium-labeled with either [2-3H]mannose or [6-3H]galactose were characterized using lectin affinity chromatography, treatment with specific endo- and exoglycosidases, sizing by paper chromatography, and methylation analysis. Approximately 50% of the radioactivity in [3H]mannose-labeled glycopeptides from the mutant cells is present as glucosylated high mannose-type oligosaccharides whereas parent cell glycopeptides labeled under similar conditions lack detectable amounts of these species. Using [3H]galactose labeling, the major glucosylated oligosaccharides were identified as Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 and Glc2Man8GlcNAc2. In vitro enzyme assays demonstrated that the mutant cells cannot remove either of the two inner 1 leads to 3-linked glucose residues. Removal of the outer 1 leads to 3-linked glucose is normal. We conclude from these data that the PHAR2.7 cell line is deficient in glucosidase II, the enzyme which removes the two inner glucose residues from the oligosaccharides of newly glycosylated proteins. PMID- 7050109 TI - Effects of carbachol, cholecystokinin, and insulin on protein phosphorylation in isolated pancreatic acini. AB - The role of protein phosphorylation in the regulation of pancreatic function by carbachol, cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK8), and insulin was investigated using isolated pancreatic acini of the mouse. Carbachol and CCK8 increased the phosphorylation of a Mr = 32,500 particulate protein and Mr = 16,000 and 23,000 soluble proteins. These agents also caused the dephosphorylation of Mr = 21,000 and 20,500 soluble proteins. Alterations in phosphorylation produced by carbachol were dose-dependent (maximal at 1-3 microM) and consistent with the dose-response relationship for carbachol-induced amylase secretion. Maximal dephosphorylation of the Mr = 21,000 and 20,500 proteins occurred within 1 min of addition of carbachol and was concurrent with the first detectable stimulation of amylase cyclase by carbachol. Moreover, atropine inhibition of carbachol-induced amylase secretion was concurrent with reversal of dephosphorylation of these two proteins. The calcium ionophore A23187, which mimicks the actions of carbachol and CCK8 on the pancreas, also mimicked the effects of these agents on protein phosphorylation, suggesting that pancreatic protein phosphorylation is regulated by calcium. Insulin, which enhances many of the actions of carbachol and CCK8 on the pancreas, alone increased the phosphorylation of the Mr = 16,000, 23,000, and 32,500 proteins and enhanced in an additive manner the effects of carbachol and CCK8 on the latter two proteins. By contrast, phosphorylation of the Mr = 21,000 or 20,500 proteins was not altered by insulin either in the absence or presence of carbachol or CCK8. In conclusion, the results suggest that alterations in phosphorylation of specific acinar cell proteins may provide a mechanism by which hormones and neurotransmitters interact in the regulation of pancreatic function. PMID- 7050110 TI - Purification of the precursor form of maltose-binding protein, a periplasmic protein of Escherichia coli. AB - Cells of Escherichia coli K12 strain MM18 accumulate precursors of various exported proteins when the synthesis of the malE-lacZ hybrid protein is induced by maltose. Starting from a soluble cell extract of this strain, the precursor form of the maltose-binding protein, a periplasmic protein, was purified to homogeneity. The procedure includes affinity chromatography on cross-linked amylose and chromatofocusing. The purified precursor has an intact signal sequence at the NH2 terminus. It is soluble in aqueous buffer probably in monomeric state and is proteolytically processed by the leader peptidase, which was previously purified by Wickner and co-workers as an enzyme that processes M13 phage procoat protein. PMID- 7050112 TI - Effects of lipid fluidity on quenching characteristics of tryptophan fluorescence in yeast plasma membrane. AB - Fluorescence characteristics of tryptophan residues in yeast plasma membrane indicate that the residues are buried. The fluorescence is fully quenchable by iodide with similar quenching kinetics at temperatures from 8 to 37 degrees C in oleate-enriched membranes and from 25 to 37 degrees C in palmitelaidate-enriched membranes. Substantial increases in lipid microviscosity in palmitelaidate enriched membranes reduce the fraction of quenchable tryptophan fluorescence by about 40% and increase the effective quenching constant 3-fold. These observations indicate that at above 25 degrees C, proteins in this membrane undergo transient conformational changes and that freedom of conformational changes of the proteins is regulated by lipid microviscosity. PMID- 7050111 TI - Extensive homology between membrane-associated components of histidine and maltose transport systems of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. AB - A strong homology was found between the amino acid sequences, deduced from DNA nucleotide sequences, of cytoplasmic membrane-associated components of the high affinity histidine transport system of Salmonella typhimurium (coded by the hisP gene) and the maltose-maltodextrin transport system of Escherichia coli (coded by the malK gene). When the HisP protein sequence was aligned with that of the NH2 terminal two-thirds of the MalK protein, 32% of the positions were identical, and an additional 35% were occupied by functionally similar amino acid residues. These results suggest that some, and possibly many, "periplasmic-binding protein dependent" transport systems have evolved from a common ancestral system. PMID- 7050113 TI - Prolipoprotein signal peptidase in Escherichia coli is distinct from the M13 procoat protein signal peptidase. AB - We have previously reported a signal peptidase activity in Escherichia coli cell envelope which processes prolipoprotein modified with glyceride (Tokunaga, M., Tokunaga, H., and Wu, H. C. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 79, 2255 2259). To ascertain whether the processing enzyme for prolipoprotein is distinct from the signal peptidase for M13 procoat protein purified by Zwizinski and Wickner (Zwizinski, C., and Wickner, W. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 7973-7977), we have used antibody against purified procoat protein signal peptidase to study the processings of prolipoprotein and M13 procoat protein in vitro. the signal peptidase for modified prolipoprotein remained fully active in solubilized membrane preparations which had been treated with antibody against purified procoat protein signal peptidase whereas the activity towards procoat protein was completely abolished by immunoadsorption. Furthermore, both unmodified and glyceride-modified prolipoprotein were not cleaved by the highly purified signal peptidase preparation provided by Wickner. These data clearly indicate that prolipoprotein signal peptidase is distinct from the M13 procoat protein signal peptidase. PMID- 7050114 TI - Purification and characterization of glucosidase II, an endoplasmic reticulum hydrolase involved in glycoprotein biosynthesis. AB - Rat liver glucosidase II, an endoplasmic reticulum hydrolase involved in the biosynthesis of the N-linked class of glycoproteins, has been purified in good yield to a state approaching homogeneity. The purified enzyme hydrolyzes p nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D glucopyranoside, maltose, and the precursor oligosaccharides glucose1-2mannose9N acetylglucosamine, but it does not act on glucose3mannose9N-acetylglucosamine or p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. The ratio of the rate at which glucose is released from p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside to that from glucose2mannose9N-acetylglucosamine or glucose1mannose9N-acetylglucosamine remains constant throughout the 8-step purification procedure; thus it appears that a single enzyme is responsible for the activities toward both the artificial and oligosaccharide substrates. The fact that the enzyme cleaves both of the inner 1,3-linked glucosyl residues from the precursor oligosaccharides supports the view that they are linked in the alpha-configuration. The pH dependence of enzymatic activity is quite similar for different substrates, showing a broad optimum between pH 6 and 7.5. Activity toward p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D glucopyranoside is enhanced by 12 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose (260-300% activation) and 25 mM mannose (150% activation), but these two compounds inhibit the action of the enzyme toward the precursor oligosaccharides. By isoelectrofocusing the purified enzyme exhibits one form, which has a pI of 3.5-3.8. Reductive polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate indicates that glucosidase II has a subunit molecular weight of 65,000. Ferguson plot analysis of the behavior of native enzyme in polyacrylamide gels indicates that it is a 262,000-dalton tetramer. Gel filtration gives a molecular weight of 288,000. Several lines of evidence indicate that the enzyme is a glycoprotein. PMID- 7050115 TI - A structurally modified yeast tRNAPhe with six nucleotides in the anticodon loop lacks significant phenylalanine acceptance. AB - The deletion of nucleoside 37 from yeast tRNAPhe was accomplished in a three-step procedure that involved (i) specific depurination of this purine under acidic conditions and removal of the carbohydrate moiety with aniline-2-aminopyridine, (ii) removal of phosphate monoesters from the 5'-half-molecule with alkaline phosphatase, and (iii) resealing of the anticodon loop with T4 RNA ligase. The course of the resealing reaction was monitored by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and found to be complete within a few hours when incubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of 215 units/ml of RNA ligase. Although the half molecules used to prepare the modified tRNA had substantial phenylalanine acceptance when assayed at low ionic strength, the modified species itself was essentially devoid of phenylalanine acceptance. We conclude that the anticodon loop of tRNAPhe is involved in the activation of this tRNA and that both the presence of specific nucleotides in this loop and their ability to assume an appropriate spatial or conformational arrangement may be important for enzyme recognition. PMID- 7050116 TI - Isopentenylation of both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNA is affected by a single nuclear mutation. AB - Cytoplasmic rRNA from the yeast mutant, mod5-1 is deficient in the modified base isopentenyladenosine and consequently migrates differently from isopentenylated wild type tRNAs on certain chromatographic systems. To determine if the mod5-1 mutation affects mitochondrial tRNA structure, the migration of mitochondrial tRNA from mod5-1 and wild type cells has been compared by reverse-phase chromatography. We conclude from this analysis that the single nuclear mutation that affects the isopentenylation of cytoplasmic tRNA also affects the isopentenylation of mitochondrial tRNA. PMID- 7050117 TI - Effect of insulin on liver pyruvate kinase in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7050118 TI - Structure of chicken hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. I. Structural determination on partially purified material. PMID- 7050119 TI - Structure of chicken hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. II. Isolation and characterization. AB - Avian luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) has been isolated from 249,000 chicken hypothalami and shown to differ structurally from mammalian hypothalamic LH-RH. Purification was achieved by acetic acid extraction, anti-LH RH affinity chromatography, and cation exchange and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The isolated peptide eluted as a single peak on reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Acid hydrolysis of the peptide yielded integral molar ratios of amino acids and a composition identical with that of mammalian decapeptide LH-RH, except for the presence of an additional glutamic acid residue and the absence of arginine. The isoelectric point of chicken LH-RH (7.3) is consistent with the glutamic acid representing a glutamine residue. We therefore synthesized [Gln8]LH-RH and established that it has chromatographic properties identical with natural chicken LH-RH. These studies indicate that the structure of chicken hypothalamic LH-RH is: pGlu-His Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Gln-Pro-Gly-NH2. PMID- 7050120 TI - Transport of sugar nucleotides into rat liver Golgi. A new Golgi marker activity. AB - Following incubation of sealed, "right side out," rat liver Golgi-derived vesicles with a mixture of [3H]GDP-fucose and GDP-[14C]fucose, the difference in the 3H to 14C ratio between the incubation medium and the lumen of the vesicles was less than 11%, suggesting that the sugar nucleotide was transported intact into the vesicles. Transport of GDP-fucose weas temperature-dependent, saturable, with an apparent Km of 7.5 microM and a Vmax of 14 pmol/mg of protein/10 min and inhibited by substrate analogues. Pretreatment of intact Golgi vesicles with pronase inhibited transport by 80% under conditions in which sialyltransferases (a lumenal marker) were not inhibited. This result is consistent with a sugar nucleotide carrier protein, portions of which face the cytoplasmic side of Golgi vesicles. Previous studies from this laboratory had shown that CMP-N acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NeuAc) could penetrate mouse liver microsomes in a manner suggesting carrier-mediated transport (Carey, D. J., Sommers, L. W., and Hirschberg, C. B. (1980) Cell 19, 597-605). Subsequent to transport, a portion of the N-acetylneuraminic acid moiety became covalently linked to proteins facing the lumen of Golgi vesicles (Carey, D. J., and Hirschberg, C. B. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 989-993). Upon subfractionation of rat liver into vesicles derived from the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, both the highest CMP NeuAc specific transport activity and total transport activity were localized in the Golgi. Any transport activity in the other vesicles could be accounted for by contamination with Golgi, as determined by established marker enzyme activities. Transport of CMP-NeuAc was temperature-dependent, inhibited by pronase, substrate analogues, and saturable, with an apparent Km of 2.4 microM and a Vmax of 150 pmol/mg of protein/10 min. PMID- 7050121 TI - Analysis of temperature-sensitive mutant ts 187 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae altered in a component required for the initiation of protein synthesis. AB - Postpolysomal extracts have been prepared from wild type haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells (wt A364A) and from a temperature-sensitive mutant strain (ts 187, gene prt 1). The extracts, prepared via spheroplasts and depleted of endogenous mRNA with nuclease, translate exogenous natural mRNA and polyuridylic acid. The activity of wt A364A with respect to translation of yeast mRNA, poly(U) dependent synthesis of polyphenylalanine which measures elongation components, reactions involved in the initiation of protein synthesis, and termination and release of polypeptides, is not significantly affected when spheroplasts are incubated at 39 degrees C for relatively short periods of time, prior to the preparation of the cell-free system. With extracts obtained from ts 187 cells, preincubation of spheroplasts at 39 degrees C prior to the preparations of the cell-free system markedly decreases the ability to translate natural mRNA but not poly(U). Compared to extracts from unheated spheroplasts, the following activities in ts 187 extracts from spheroplasts preincubated at 39 degrees C are not significantly affected: activation of methionine and methionylation of tRNAMet; formation of (eukaryotic initiation factor 2.Met-tRNAf.GTP] ternary complex; binding of mRNA to 40S preinitiation intermediate containing Met-tRNAf, and joining of 60S subunits to form the 80S initiation complex; elongation factor 1- and elongation factor 2-dependent elongations reactions; and termination and release of completed polypeptide chains. However, the interaction between the [eukaryotic initiation factor 2.Met-tRNAf.GTP] ternary complex and 40 S subunits, to form the 40 S preinitiation complex, is drastically inhibited by treatment of the spheroplasts at 39 degrees C. PMID- 7050122 TI - Ligand-induced translocation of insulin receptors in intact rat liver. PMID- 7050123 TI - Synthesis and characterization of molecular hybrids of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I. The role of the A-chain extension peptide. PMID- 7050124 TI - Purification and properties of an estrogen-stimulated hydrolase from mouse uterus. PMID- 7050125 TI - Evidence that translocation of the glucose transport activity is the major mechanism of insulin action on glucose transport in fat cells. AB - The glucose transport activity associated with the plasma membrane-rich and Golgi rich fractions of fat cells was determined after they were reconstituted into egg lecithin liposomes. When the two subcellular fractions were isolated under conditions that would minimize their cross-contamination, the transport activity in the plasma membrane-rich fraction was found to be increased 6.3- to 8.6-fold by insulin, which was added to cells before homogenization, and that the activity in the Golgi-rich fraction was reduced approximately to one-half. In this study, the glucose transport activity in the plasma membrane-rich fraction (either in the basal or plus insulin state) was solubilized, reconstituted, and assayed with an overall efficiency of 25-35%. Four agents known to have insulin-like effects on the glucose transport activity in intact fat cells (hydrogen peroxide, sodium vanadate, trypsin, and p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate) not only increased the transport activity in the plasma membrane-rich fraction, but also decreased the activity in the Golgi-rich fraction. The effect of hydrogen peroxide, unlike that of insulin, was not abolished when the insulin receptor was modified proteolytically. Upon administration of insulin to fat cells, and subsequent elimination of the hormone, the glucose transport activities associated with the plasma membrane-rich and Golgi-rich fractions were affected almost concomitantly towards opposite directions. It is proposed as a working hypothesis that translocation of the glucose transport system to the plasma membrane from the Golgi-rich fraction is the major, if not the sole, mechanism by which insulin stimulates glucose transport in fat cells. PMID- 7050126 TI - Partial characterization of insulin receptors from rat myocytes. AB - Isolated myocytes were prepared from the adult rat heart and characterized for viability. The myocytes were exposed to 125I-insulin, and the 125I-insulin receptor complex was extracted with 1% Triton X-102 and then applied to a DEAE Sephacel column. When the chromatography were applied to a Sepharose CL-6B column, a 140,000-dalton complex with high specific radioactivity was found. Alternatively, when myocyte insulin receptors were first extracted with 1% Triton X-102 without prior exposure to 125I-insulin and then applied to a DEAE-Sephacel column, three peak protein fractions were obtained. They were treated separately with 125I-insulin and the 125I-insulin-protein complexes were covalently cross linked with disuccinimidyl suberate. The cross-linked samples were applied to a Sepharose CL-6B column and the radioactive protein fractions were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The first and second peak samples from the ion exchange chromatography yielded complexes of low specific radioactivity, which appear to be formed by nonspecific random binding of 125I-insulin to the solubilized membrane proteins. In contrast, Sepharose CL 6B gel filtration of the cross-linked sample from the third peak fractions gave a major highly radioactive 125I-insulin-receptor complex with a molecular weight of 370,000 and a minor complex of low radioactivity with a molecular weight of 140,000. Upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, the 370,000-dalton complex was dissociated to 130,000- and 82,000-dalton components and the 140,000 dalton complex was dissociated to a 47,000-dalton component. PMID- 7050127 TI - Toxicity evaluation of a novel filler free silicone rubber biomaterial by cell culture techniques. AB - Cytotoxicity of a novel filler free silicone rubber (FFSR) was evaluated by studying its effect on mouse L929 cells. Silastic and a laboratory rubber tubing (RT) were used as control materials. Three different experimental methods were used. In method A, after six days of cell culturing in the sample extracts, there were 95, 80, and 50% of control viable cells for FFSR, Silastic, and RT, respectively. Similarly, in method B, after six days of direct contact between samples and the cells, there were 80, 40, and 20% of control viable cells for FFSR, Silastic, and RT, respectively. For the Agar Overlay Test, method C, the cells under the FFSR samples were normal and healthy compared to those under Silastic and RT. From these studies it was concluded that FFSR had the least cytotoxicity of the three materials studied. PMID- 7050128 TI - Method for cardiac transplantation in corrected transposition of the great arteries. AB - A patient with corrected transposition of the great vessels (L-transposition) required cardiac transplantation because of severe myopathy of th systemic ventricle of right ventricular morphology. Because of the L-transposition of the great vessels, a modification of the transplantation procedure was necessary in order to make the great vessel anastomoses. This was accomplished without the need for prosthetic material primarily by extensive removal of donor pulmonary artery and aorta together with the heart. Anastomosis of the recipient ascending aorta was accomplished to the superior aspect of the transverse aortic arch of the donor, and the recipient pulmonary artery to the superior portion of the right pulmonary artery of the donor. The postoperative hemodynamics were normal and a thoracic aortogram one year post-transplant demonstrated the unusual anatomy. PMID- 7050129 TI - Absence of microtubule sliding and an analysis of spindle formation and elongation in isolated mitotic spindles from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Mitotic spindles were isolated from a cell division cycle mutant of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the lysis of sphateroplasts on an air:buffer interface and were negatively stained with 1% gold thioglucose. Isolated spindles were incubated under conditions which promoted the sliding disintegration of parallel preparations of Tetrahymena axonemes, namely the addition of ATP to 20 microM. In no experiment was a corresponding change in microtubule organization of the spindle observed even when spindles were first pretreated with either 1-10 microgram/ml trypsin or 0.2-2% Triton X-100. During these experiments a number of spindles were isolated from cells that had passed through the imposed temperature block, and from the images obtained a detailed model of spindle formation and elongation has been constructed. Two sets of microtubules, one from each spindle pole body (SPB), completely interdigitate to form a continuous bundle, and a series of discontinuous microtubules are then nucleated by each SPB. As the spindle elongates, the number of microtubules continuous between the two SPBs decreases until, at a length of 4 micrometer, only one remains. The spindle, composed of only one microtubule, continues to elongate until it reaches the maximal nuclear dimension of 8 micrometer. The data obtained from negatively stained preparations have been verified in thin sections of wild-type cells. We suggest that, as in the later stages of mitosis only one microtubule is involved in the separation of the spindle poles, the microtubular spindle in S. cerevisiae is not a force-generating system but rather acts as a regulatory mechanism controlling the rate of separation. PMID- 7050130 TI - Specific pancreatic beta-cell surface antigens recognized by a xenogenic antiserum. AB - An antiserum (R4) from a rabbit immunized with suspensions of C57BL/61 ob/ob mouse islet cells contains antibodies which in a 125I-protein A radioligand assay can be demonstrated to bind to single cell suspensions of normal Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mouse islet cells. The binding of 125I-protein A to islet cells was about four times that of normal rabbit serum (NRS) after incubation at a 1/600 dilution of R4 antiserum quantitatively absorbed to mouse spleen lymphocytes (R4A antiserum) and hepatocytes. Subsequent absorption of the R4A antiserum to islet cells significantly reduced the binding of 125I-protein A to islet cells incubated with the doubly absorbed serum. Immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled islet cell lysates followed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography suggested that the R4A antiserum recognized a Mr 40,000 glycoprotein. This glycoprotein was not detected in spleen lymphocytes. Electron microscope detection of gold-protein A complexes suggested that the binding of islet cell surface antibodies was cell specific. islet cell suspensions incubated with R4A antiserum and gold-protein A showed that 86 +/- 3 gold particles were bound per 100 beta-cells (mean +/- SE for six experiments). In contrast, the number of gold particles per 100 endocrine non-beta-cells was 8 +/- 1 which was similar to the number achieved with NRS (3 +/- 1) on all endocrine islet cells. Our observations suggest that the pancreatic islet cells, in particular the beta-cells, express a specific antigen. PMID- 7050131 TI - Effects of serum fractions on the growth of mononuclear phagocytes. AB - The effects of serum fractions on the growth kinetics and colony formation of mononuclear phagocytes derived from mouse bone marrow, blood, and peritoneal cavity were investigated. Peritoneal exudate macrophages and blood monocytes required a factor(s) found to reside in the nondialyzable serum fraction (molecular weight greater than 12,000) to survive, a small molecular weight (less than 307) factor(s) with growth-stimulatory activity (GSA) contained in the dialyzable serum fraction, and the macrophage growth factor (MGF) for proliferation and colony formation. Fetuin, a major protein of fetal serum, was able to substitute the nondialyzable serum fraction. Macrophages cultured in medium containing MGF and the nondialyzable serum fraction for 6 days could be restored to full growth following the addition of the dialyzable serum fraction. In contrast, bone marrow mononuclear phagocytes cultured in the absence of the dialyzable serum fraction were capable of proliferating, though at a slower rate, and forming colonies. In addition, neither insulin nor hydrocortisone was capable of replacing the serum-dialyzable GSA nor able to enhance colony formation. PMID- 7050132 TI - A new model system for studying the phosphatidylinositol cycle. AB - An early manifestation of the response of WRK-1 rat mammary tumor cells to vasopressin is an increase in incorporation of (32P)Pi into phospholipids. Incorporation into all classes of phospholipids is stimulated; however, incorporation into phosphatidylinositol (PI) is increased to the greatest degree (3- to 10-fold as compared with 1.3- to 2-fold for the other phospholipids). Furthermore, increased incorporation into PI is accompanied by an increased rate of PI turnover; turnover rates of the other phospholipids are unaffected by vasopressin. PMID- 7050133 TI - Effects of hormones and amino acid depletion on the kinetic parameters of amino acid uptake in monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes. AB - Uptake of 2-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) at concentrations of 0.1 mM to 30 mM was examined in sodium-containing and sodium-free media in hepatocytes pretreated without hormones (control), with hormones, or with amino acid depletion. Results show that 1-minute but not 4-minute rates can be taken as initial rates for the total or sodium-dependent transport of AIB. The data for the 1-minute sodium dependent transport of AIB were analyzed by a computer program and also by Eadie Hofstee and Lineweaver-Burk plots, and a single saturable system was found. In the control cultures, the saturable system had a Km of 1-2 mM AIB and a Vmax of 1.2 nmoles AIB/mg protein/minute. There was an increase in the Vmax of two to three-fold after pretreating the cultures with insulin or amino acid depletion, three to four-fold with glucagon, and six to seven fold with glucagon + dexamethasone. PMID- 7050134 TI - Masking of extracellular collagen and the co-distribution of collagen and fibronectin during matrix formation by cultured embryonic fibroblasts. AB - Embryonic chicken heart fibroblasts (CHF) were examined by double immunofluorescence in order to study the interactions of collagen and fibronectin. Double-labelling studies of permeabilized whole mounts of CHF, cultured for 15 min to 2 days after plating, detected extracellular collagen at very early times (15 min to 1 h) but not at times later than 3 h. Abundant fibronectin was seen at all times. These observations suggested that the collagen/procollagen antigen was being "masked' by matrix components at the later times. This possibility was tested in two ways: (1) immunolabelling of frozen sections of multilayered 4-day CHF cultures, which showed extensive extracellular collagen superimposable with fibronectin. (2) Limited trypsinization of 4-day CHF cultures, which allowed collagen to be immunolabelled concomitantly with a partial decrease in the degree of fibronectin labelling. The results are discussed in terms of the secretion and assembly of collagen and fibronectin in cultures of embryonic fibroblasts. PMID- 7050135 TI - [Experimental partial splenectomy with automatic staplers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7050136 TI - [Primary closure and healing of the perineal wound in abdomino-perineal resection of the rectum for carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - The results of primary perineal closure after rectal resection for cancer are reported, about a series of 105 patients male and female; to whom this technique was systematically applied. The healing of the wound was primarily obtained in 77.2% of the cases (82.3% in males, 72.2% in females). 86% of the patients left the hospital completely healed within 30 post operative days. The authors stress the influence of the environment on the result and also discuss the practical conditions of the primary suture: hemostasis, fecal contamination, peritonisation, enlarging followed with ablation of the genital tract in women. PMID- 7050137 TI - Separation of six major prostacyclin metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7050138 TI - Quantitative enzymatic hydrolysis of tRNAs: reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of tRNA nucleosides. AB - A rapid quantitative method for enzymatic hydrolysis of microgram amounts of tRNA has been developed, specifically to take full advantage of our precise, accurate, and selective reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system for separation and measurement of the major and modified nucleosides in tRNA. After study of several enzyme systems, nuclease P1 and bacterial alkaline phosphatase were selected and the hydrolysis parameters were systematically studied. Optimized hydrolysis conditions give quantitative hydrolysis in 2 h and this short incubation time prevents loss of unstable nucleosides. The chromatographic system can tolerate relatively high levels of protein in the sample allowing high enzyme--substrate ratios and direct injection of hydrolysates. This enzymatic hydrolysis--HPLC method is the best described to date for quantitative determination of the nucleoside composition of tRNAs and has already provided important information for investigation of the role of modification in the function of RNAs. PMID- 7050139 TI - Identification of major drugs of abuse using chromatography. PMID- 7050140 TI - Urinary immunoprecipitation method for estimation of thyroxine to triiodothyronine conversion in altered thyroid states. AB - A new method is described for the estimation of T4 to T3 conversion in man and is applied to the study of hyperthyroid and hypothyroid clinical states. The method employs simultaneous iv injection of [125I]T4 and [131I]T3 with isolation of the labeled T3 tracers in 4- to 8-day pooled urine samples by a combination of solvent extraction, desalting, and immunoprecipitation procedures. Using [131I]T3 as a recovery standard, the T4 to T3 conversion ratio was found to be 0.470 +/- 0.011 in euthyroid subjects. This confirmed our earlier findings of 0.482 +/- 0.014 using a paper chromatographic method and nonsimultaneous isotope administration. The conversion ratio was increased in hypothyroidism to 0.535 +/- 0.011 (P less than 0.02) and decreased in hyperthyroidism to 0.415 +/- 0.009 (P less than 0.01). These changes parallel the fraction of the radioiodine collected in the urine for both T4 and T3; normal values are 77 +/- 4% for T4 and 76 +/- 4% for T3, values in hypothyroidism are 79 +/- 1% for T4 and 79 +/- 3% for T3, and values in hyperthyroidism are 58 +/- 3% for T4 and 58 +/- 5% for T3 (P less than 0.01). These findings indicate that 1) urinary T4 to T3 conversion values are highly reproducible in euthyroid as well as hyperthyroid and hypothyroid states; 2) the reduction in T4 to T3 conversion in hyperthyroidism probably reflects increased T4 disposal by nondeiodinative pathways and possibly the reverse in hypothyroid states; and 3) since urinary T4 to T3 conversion values in euthyroid subjects exceeded all reported conversion values in blood, there may be an alternate pathway of T3 production and disposal which is not reflected in the blood T3 production rate. PMID- 7050141 TI - Altered dopaminergic modulation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone secretion in idiopathic edema: therapeutic effects of bromocriptine. PMID- 7050142 TI - [Recent development of the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow and metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7050143 TI - [Non-invasive and quantitative method for making the diagnosis of congenital heart disease having shunt. Analysis of dye dilution curve recorded by earpiece, following injection into the peripheral vein (author's transl)]. PMID- 7050144 TI - Growth of nosocomial pathogens in multiple-dose parenteral medication vials. AB - The extent to which microbial contamination of medications dispensed in multiple dose vials might serve as a source of infection to patients has not been fully investigated. To characterize the effects of microbial contamination, we studied the growth-supporting properties of eight medications dispensed in multiple-dose vials. Two medications, procainamide and methohexital, demonstrated no survival of any microbes 24 h after inoculation. Succinylcholine chloride, regular insulin, potassium chloride, heparin, and thiopental slowly killed or allowed limited survival of several of the microorganisms used as contaminants. Lidocaine allowed survival or proliferation of several microbial strains suspended in 0.25% peptone water in saline, but slowly killed all strains except Pseudomonas cepacia suspended in 0.9% saline. Endotoxin, measured by the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay, was found in the two medications tested, lidocaine contaminated with Pseudomonas cepacia and insulin contaminated with enterococci. Inadvertent microbial contamination of at least some parenteral medications in multiple-dose vials may result in the exposure of patients to viable organisms. The potential, however, for medications such as lidocaine to support growth of organisms under selected circumstances should be noted by those responsible for preparing and administering these drugs. The potential hazard to patients from endotoxin in contaminated medications under these circumstances has not been assessed. Additional studies of this type should be pursued to provide more complete information about the risk of microbial contamination of products for parenteral use. PMID- 7050145 TI - Frequency of Escherichia coli strains producing heat-labile toxin or heat-stable toxin or both in children with and without diarrhea in Sao Paulo. AB - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains were isolated from 32 (13.4%) of 245 children with diarrhea and from 11 (11.4%) of 96 children of the control group. Strains producing heat-labile toxin were found more frequently in normal children than in children with diarrhea. Strains producing heat-stable toxin and both heat labile and heat-stable toxins were isolated only from children with diarrhea. Association of these strains with diarrhea was highly significant as shown by statistical analysis. The O:H types and the colonization factors of strains producing heat-stable toxin and both heat-labile and heat-stable toxins are presented. PMID- 7050146 TI - Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from hospital potable water specimens: comparison of direct plating with guinea pig inoculation. AB - Eighty-five potable water samples were analyzed for the presence of Legionella pneumophila by direct plating and by guinea pig inoculation methods. Direct plating methods utilized antimicrobial-containing media with and without acid treatment of specimens before inoculation. Thirty-three specimens were culture positive for L. pneumophila by one or both techniques. A total of 14 specimens were positive for L. pneumophila by direct plating only, and 2 specimens were positive for L. pneumophila by guinea pig inoculation only. The sensitivity of direct plating is significantly greater than that of guinea pig inoculation when isolating L. pneumophila from potable water (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7050147 TI - Identification of Proteus penneri sp. nov., formerly known as Proteus vulgaris indole negative or as Proteus vulgaris biogroup 1. AB - The name Proteus penneri sp. nov. is proposed for a group of organisms previously called Proteus vulgaris indole negative or P. vulgaris biogroup 1. All of these strains were salicin negative, esculin negative, and chloramphenicol resistant (zone size, less than 14 mm). DNA relatedness studies indicated that when DNA from P. penneri strain 1808-73 was labeled and tested against unlabeled DNA from 13 other P penneri strains, a highly related group was formed (88 to 99% relatedness at 60 degrees C and 67 to 99% relatedness at 75 degrees C). Strain 1808-73 (ATCC 33519) is proposed as the type strain of P. penneri. In this study, two distinct groups of indole-positive P. vulgaris strains were also apparent. The first group (defined as P. vulgaris biogroup 2) was indole positive, salicin positive, and esculin positive, and the second group (defined as P. vulgaris biogroup 3) was indole positive, salicin negative, and esculin negative. The current type strain of P. vulgaris (ATCC 13315) belongs to biogroup 3. The DNA from P. penneri strains was not highly related to labeled DNA from the type strain of P. vulgaris (14 to 30% relatedness at 75 degrees C) or from P. vulgaris strain PR 1 (ATCC 29905), which belongs to biogroup 2 (27 to 33% relatedness at 75 degrees C). Strains of biogroup 2 were sensitive to chloramphenicol (zone size, greater than 19mm), and 10 of these strains formed a highly related group by DNA hybridization when DNA from PR 1 was labeled (64 to 100% relatedness at 60 degrees C and 70 to 100% relatedness at 75 degrees C), but they were not highly relatedness to the type strain of P. vulgaris (51 to 68% relatedness at 60 degrees C and 14 to 44% relatedness at 75 degrees C). Further DNA relatedness studies are needed on strains of biogroup 3 before a definitive taxonomic proposal can be made for these two indole-positive biogroups. PMID- 7050148 TI - Novel approach to bacterial identification that uses the autobac system. AB - A new system for the rapid identification of gram-negative bacilli on the Autobac system is described. This system utilizes growth inhibition profiles to a panel of differentially inhibitory chemical agents. These profiles are analyzed with a two-stage quadratic discriminant analysis to arrive at the organism identification. The system identifies 30 different groups of gram-negative bacilli, including the most clinically significant Enterobacteriaceae and glucose nonfermenters. A total of 3,726 strains, distributed among the 30 groups, was tested. The Autobac system agreed with the conventional biochemical identification 88.4% of the time. When the individual group results were weighted to reflect clinical frequency, the result was a 93.1% agreement. PMID- 7050150 TI - Pseudooutbreak of cryptococcal meningitis. AB - A pseudooutbreak of cryptococcal meningitis was caused by the use of contaminated albumin solution used in the preparation of Papanicolaou-stained slides of cerebrospinal fluid. Organisms were seen in cytocentrifuge preparations, but not in India ink preparations of cerebrospinal fluid specimens. Cryptococcal antigen tests were positive and Cryptococcus neoformans was cultured from the albumin treated cerebrospinal fluid specimens and from the albumin solution. PMID- 7050149 TI - Accuracy and precision of the autobac system for rapid identification of Gram negative bacilli: a collaborative evaluation. AB - Gram-negative bacilli were identified within 3 to 6 h by determining susceptibility to 18 different antibacterial agents in the Autobac I system and by applying a two-stage quadratic discriminant analysis to the susceptibility patterns. The Autobac system was compared with standard reference methods for identifying glucose nonfermenters and glucose fermenters. Intralaboratory and interlaboratory precision of the Autobac system was comparable to that of the reference methods. Sensitivity (accuracy) and specificity of the two systems were also comparable, although there were some differences with certain species. Autobac responses were considered to be equivocal (needing additional tests) if the relative probability of an accurate identification was less than 0.70. Only 5% of 2,889 strains produced such equivocal results; a similar number of strains gave low probability levels with the reference methods. When the two systems disagreed, an independent reference laboratory arbitrated, confirming 49% of the Autobac responses and 36% of the reference identifications. With equivocal responses excluded, the overall accuracy of the Autobac system was 95.3% compared with 95.9% for the reference method. The respective accuracy estimates would be 93.8% and 93.1% if all first-choice identifications were evaluated. PMID- 7050151 TI - Novel method of biotyping Haemophilus influenzae that uses API 20e. AB - One hundred Haemophilus influenzae isolates from various body sites were biotyped by conventional methods and by the API 20E system (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.). By using a hemin- and a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-enriched saline solution as the inoculating fluid for the API 20E, a 100% correlation of results was obtained between the two methods. Ninety percent of the blood and cerebrospinal fluid isolates were biotype I. Biotype II was the predominant biotype encountered overall. No correlation was observed between beta-lactamase production and biotype. The API 20E is a reliable method and should prove useful for routine biotyping of H. influenzae in the clinical laboratory. PMID- 7050152 TI - Use of potato flakes agar in clinical mycology. AB - A formulation comprised of commercially available potato flakes, glucose, and agar provides a medium which is inexpensive, is easily prepared, and is particularly useful for the identification of mold fungi encountered in the clinical mycology laboratory. The inclusion of appropriate antimicrobial agents results in a selective medium effective in the isolation and identification of medically important fungi. PMID- 7050153 TI - Antiserum-agar plate method for simultaneous detection and direct isolation of Legionella species in clinical and environmental specimens. AB - Colonies of Legionella pneumophila serotypes 1 through 6, L. micdadei, L. bozemanii, L. dumoffii, and L. gormanii, which were developed on filtered yeast extract agar containing polyvalent antiserum, were surrounded by distinct, specific precipitin rings. PMID- 7050154 TI - Evaluation of a qualitative isocitrate lyase assay for rapid presumptive identification of Yersinia pestis cultures. AB - Qualitative rapid tests for isocitrate lyase activity were positive for all of 1,695 Yersinia pestis cultures tested but for none of 382 cultures of other gram negative species. The test is simple, required only commonly available, easily prepared reagents, and provided clear-cut positive or negative results within 20 min. PMID- 7050155 TI - Preliminary identification of beta-hemolytic streptococci in throat swab cultures with a commercial blood agar slide (streptocult). AB - A commercial blood agar slide (Streptocult, Orion Diagnostica) was used for preliminary identification of beta-hemolytic streptococci of groups A, C, and G in throat swab specimens. The sensitivity of the test was 93.6% and the specificity was 94.7%, as judged from 580 specimens. A model is suggested for routine processing of throat swab specimens, involving inoculation and reading of the slide in general practice and transport of positive or inconclusive slides to a bacteriology laboratory for isolation and serological grouping of beta hemolytic streptococci. The model combines preliminary detection of beta hemolytic streptococci within 24 h with the reliability of serological groupings, and should reduce the volume of specimens sent to the laboratory considerably. PMID- 7050156 TI - Identification of Staphylococcus hyicus with the API staph strip. AB - The API Staph Strip system (API System S.A., Montalieu-Vercieu, France) was compared with conventional methods for identification of Staphylococcus hyicus isolated from cases of exudative epidermitis in swine. The API Staph Strip was found to provide unique profile numbers, namely, 6-514-151, 6-514-153, and 6-516 153. These profile numbers are not listed in the API Staph Strip data base. It was found that the use of this miniaturized system is preferable to conventional methods for the identification of the causal agent of swine exudative epidermitis. PMID- 7050157 TI - Presumptive identification of streptococci with a new test system. AB - A test is described that could replace bacitracin susceptibility for presumptive identification of group A streptococci as well as 6.5% NaCl agar tolerance for presumptive identification of enterococcal streptococci. The L-pyrrolidonyl-beta naphthylamide test, based on hydrolysis of pyrrolidonyl-beta-naphthylamide, was used in conjunction with the CAMP and bile-esculin tests to presumptively identify the streptococci. Among the beta-hemolytic streptococci; 98% of 50 group A, 98% of 46 group B, and 100% of 70 strains that were not group A, B, or D were correctly identified by the new presumptive test scheme. Among the non-beta hemolytic streptococci; 96% of 74 group D enterococcal, 100% of 30 group D nonenterococcal, and 82% of 112 viridans strains were correctly identified by the new presumptive test scheme. PMID- 7050158 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of antibody to type III group B streptococci. AB - Neonates at risk for fulminant type III, group B streptococcal (III GBS) infection are those who lack antibody to the capsular polysaccharide. A newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared with a standard radioactive antigen-binding assay (RABA) for quantitation of III GBS antibody in human sera. Although there was a significant correlation between the ELISA and RABA (r = 0.81; P less than 0.001) in general, the ELISA detected antibody both to core and native antigens of III GBS, whereas the RABA detected antibody to native polysaccharide exclusively. The results of the two assays were discordant when sera which had only high native or core antibody (not both) were assessed. Although the ELISA was reproducible and required less than 1 microliter of serum, interpretation of data obtained by the assay should be viewed with caution since only antibody to native III GBS has been correlated with human immunity. PMID- 7050159 TI - Isolation of Treponema hyodysenteriae from wild rodents. AB - Rodents from swine-producing farms were examined for the presence of Treponema hyodysenteriae. Wild mice (n = 257) and rats (n = 41) were trapped on eight farms. Ceca were removed aseptically, and the contents and mucosal scrapings were cultured on selective medium (blood agar containing 400 micrograms of spectinomycin per ml). T. hyodysenteriae was detected in the cecal scrapings of four mice from three different farms where swine dysentery had occurred. Gross lesions were detected in the ceca in two of the four mice. In addition, Treponema innocens was detected in the cecal scrapings of 12 mice and 13 rats. Three of the four T. hyodysenteriae isolates were pathogenic when inoculated intragastrically into swine. The results of this investigation suggest that wild rodents may be carriers of T. hyodysenteriae. PMID- 7050160 TI - Detection of pneumococci in the upper respiratory tract: comparison of media and culture techniques. AB - A survey for carriers of Streptococcus pneumoniae among 573 children was undertaken. Throat and nasopharyngeal cultures from 303 children disclosed pneumococci in 89 (29.4%) nasopharyngeal swabs but in only 8 (2.6%) throat specimens. Carriers of pneumococci were detected with frequencies of 84.4 and 79.9% on aerobically incubated 5% horse blood agar with a 5-micrograms optochin disk and on 5% horse blood agar with 5 mg of gentamicin per liter, respectively. Anaerobically incubated 5% horse blood agar yield pneumococci from 78.2% of 179 carriers. We consider the examination of nasopharyngeal secretions for optochin susceptible alpha-hemolytic bacteria to be the most sensitive and convenient means for detecting carriers of pneumococci. PMID- 7050161 TI - In vitro lymphocyte proliferation in response to type III group B streptococci. AB - The in vitro cell-mediated responses to group B streptococci (GBS) and the relationship of cell-mediated immunity to specific humoral immunity to type III GBS were investigated. Blood was obtained from 20 adult volunteers, and lymphocytes were isolated and cultured in microtiter plates. Each well contained 2 x 10(5) lymphocytes, 15% autologous serum, and either GBS (cell-to-organism ratio of 1:10, 1:1, or 1:0.1), phytohemagglutinin, streptokinase-streptodornase, or RPMI 1640. Cells were harvested at 5, 6, or 7 days, and DNA synthesis was quantitated. Serum antibody titers were determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Maximal lymphocyte responses occurred at 6 days of culture and at a cell-to-organism ratio of 1:1. Individuals with significant antibody titers to type III GBS, as well as those with undetectable antibody, responded to GBS (stimulation index greater than 10). There was a significant difference (P less than 0.001) between mean antibody concentrations in responders (stimulation index greater than 10) and nonresponders (stimulation index less than 10). Thus, the in vitro responses to GBS may be both to a specific antigen and to a nonspecific mitogen and may be important in host immunity to GBS. PMID- 7050162 TI - Evaluation of two photometers used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. AB - The performance of two commercially available high-speed photometers, designed for through-the-plate reading, was evaluated. Linearity of instrumental reading and reproducibility of same-day and 2-day measurements were assessed by least squares analysis and analysis of variance, respectively. For both instruments, the photometric error was on the order of thousandths of an absorbance unit and was much smaller than the error of the currently available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. PMID- 7050163 TI - Evaluation of a solid-phase immunofluorescence assay for detection of antibodies to Legionella pneumophila. AB - A semiautomated solid-phase immunofluorescence technique (FIAX) was compared with the standard indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for the determination of antibody levels to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in paired human serum samples. The FIAX method was in agreement with the IFA test for 91.8% of the serum pairs but gave evidence of a recent Legionella infection significantly fewer times than did the IFA. These results suggest that the FIAX technique may eventually be a useful alternative test for measuring Legionella antibodies. However, further study will be required to determine its efficacy in providing a serodiagnosis of legionellosis. PMID- 7050164 TI - Rapid microbiochemical method for identification of Gardnerella (Haemophilus) vaginalis. AB - A rapid biochemical method for the identification of Gardnerella vaginalis has been developed. The method is based on the fermentation of starch and raffinose and on the hydrolysis of hippurate. With this new procedure, identification was confirmed for 390 of 396 G. vaginalis isolates within 1 h after their inoculation into the three substrates. PMID- 7050165 TI - Diagnostic value of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Candida albicans cytoplasmic antigen in sera of cancer patients. AB - To diagnose systemic candidiasis we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantitation of Candida albicans cytoplasmic antigen in sera of cancer patients. The antigen concentration was evaluated in 59 patients divided into several groups according to clinical, histological, and microbiological findings as well as antimicrobial treatment. All of seven patients with proven disseminated candidiasis had elevated antigen concentrations (mean = 1,200 ng/ml). Among 13 patients with suspected disseminated candidiasis, 9 had elevated antigen concentrations (mean = 1,039 ng/ml). The remaining four patients showed negative antigen (less than 125 ng/ml). In a group of patients with fever of unknown origin, 5 of 17 had high antigen concentrations (mean = 1,220 ng/ml) and the rest were negative. Patients with bacterial infection (6 patients), aspergillosis (3), cryptococcosis (4), coccidioidomycosis (3), and no infection (6), as well as normal healthy adults (31), had antigen concentrations of less than 100 ng/ml. This ELISA is rapid, sensitive, and specific and is a helpful diagnostic tool in the evaluation of candidiasis in cancer patients. PMID- 7050166 TI - Further evaluation of the Biken test (modified Elek test) for detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli producing heat-labile enterotoxin and application of the test to sampling of heat-stable enterotoxin. AB - A total of 2,229 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from subjects with traveller's diarrhea were tested for heat-labile enterotoxin production by the Biken test (Honda et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 13:1--5, 1981). Results of the Biken test showed a 99.0% coincidence with those obtained by Chinese hamster ovary cell assay. The use of antiserum against E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin gave sharper and clearer results than did the use of antiserum against cholera enterotoxin. Samples for heat-stable enterotoxin assay were obtained from the agar plates used for the Biken test, and the heat-stable enterotoxin activities of these samples were compared with those of samples obtained from standard liquid cultures. Results for samples of 2,229 strains from the Biken agar plates and from liquid cultures were almost identical. PMID- 7050167 TI - Comparison of several test systems used for determination of rubella immune status. AB - Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) is currently the most widely used technique for the determination of rubella immune status. However, two new methods, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence (FIAX), have also been adapted for this purpose. In comparing a commercially available ELISA system (BIO-BEAD, Litton Bionetics) with an HAI system (RUBA-tect, Abbott Laboratories), some ELISA-positive sera were found to be rubella antibody negative by the HAI system. To determine which of these results more accurately reflected the immune status of the patient, 74 RUBA-tect-negative sera were retested by ELISA BIO-BEAD, FIAX (International Diagnostic Technology) and by modified HAI, employing fresh erythrocytes (using Flow Laboratories reagents). Eleven RUBA-tect-negative sera (15%) were positive by ELISA, FIAX, and modified HAI. Two sera were positive only by ELISA and FIAX, two sera were positive by ELISA and HAI, four sera were positive by ELISA only, and one serum was positive by FIAX only. Neutralization assays were subsequently performed on sera positive by only one or two of the procedures to determine the presence of protective rubella antibodies in these sera; all but three of the sera were positive for neutralizing antibody. Commercial ELISA and FIAX systems appear to be more sensitive indicators of rubella immune status than are commercial HAI kits which use stabilized erythrocytes. Neither ELISA nor FIAX require extraction of serum; moreover, the ELISA BIO-BEAD test assay can be performed without an expensive instrument for reading. PMID- 7050168 TI - Direct testing of blood cultures for detection of streptococcal antigens. AB - A direct, rapid, and simple method for the detection of streptococcal antigens of Lancefield groups A, B, C, D, and G from blood cultures was developed by using a coagglutination test. Fifty-five clinical specimens and 117 simulated blood cultures containing gram-positive cocci were tested. Out of 6,261 clinical blood cultures screened, 55 cultures from 53 patients were positive, with organisms resembling streptococci, by Gram stain. Of these cultures, 78% (43 of 55) were pure cultures of streptococci, and 22% (12 of 55) were mixed with at least one other organism. Of the 43 pure cultures only, correct reactions were obtained (grouping correctly or giving no cross-reactions, or both) with 86% (37 of 43) of the isolates, 12% (5 of 43) exhibited cross-reactions, and 2% (1 of 43) gave false-negative reactions. All of the cross-reacting isolates were Streptococcus pneumoniae, which reacted with the group C reagent, and the false-negative reaction occurred with a Streptococcus bovis isolate. However, by using a direct modified bile solubility test, the correct identification of the S. pneumoniae isolates was obtained. Therefore, by using the modified bile solubility test in conjunction with the direct grouping method, 98% (42 of 43) of the isolates in pure culture could be identified accurately and rapidly after the detection of a positive Gram stain. Correct grouping reactions were obtained with 83% (10 of 12) of the mixed blood cultures, and false-negative results occurred with 17% (2 of 12) of them. Both cultures contained an enterococcus and a gram-negative rod. Of the 117 simulated blood cultures, there was only one incorrect grouping reaction; this occurred with an S. bovis isolate that cross-reacted with the group C reagent. The direct grouping reaction was positive when blood cultures contained a minimum of 1 x 10(8) to 8 x 10(8) colony-forming units per ml. In general, this procedure provided information on the identification of the organism 24 h earlier than by conventional identification methods. PMID- 7050169 TI - Comparison of the API 20S Streptococcus identification system with an immunorheophoresis procedure and two commercial latex agglutination tests for identifying beta-hemolytic streptococci. AB - The API 20S Streptococcus identification system and a new immunorheophoresis procedure were evaluated as means for determining the Lancefield serogroup of beta-hemolytic streptococci recovered from human clinical specimens. The serogroup of 96 strains was determined by these methods and by two commercially available latex agglutination tests. Streptex and SeroSTAT. The results of all four procedures were compared with the results of a classical precipitin test. The API 20S system correctly categorized 92.7% of the isolates; 94.8% were correctly identified by the immunorheophoresis procedure. The latex agglutination procedures were of comparable accuracy, yielding correct identifications with approximately 92% of the strains tested. PMID- 7050170 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to central nervous system antigens. AB - Thirty monoclonal antibodies produced by mouse hybrid myelomas which react with antigens in hamster or mouse nervous system tissues were derived. Using these antibodies as probes with indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques, we can selectively identify by morphological criteria many of the structural components of the brain seen at a light-microscopic level, including the neutrophil, neuronal cytoplasm, nuclei, axons, astrocytes and ependyma. Some of the antibodies display cytoskeletal and filamentous structures, including intermediate filaments, microfilaments, neurofilaments, glial and ependymal filaments. The specificity to neural tissue components of these hybridoma antibodies was assessed by their reactivity to mouse and hamster non-neural tissues and selected mouse, hamster, rat and human cultured cell lines. Of the 30 clones analyzed, specificity ranged from 3 clones reacting only with grey matter of mouse and hamster brain, one clone reacting only with axons in animal and human brain, to 19 clones reactive with both neural and non-neural tissue components. PMID- 7050171 TI - Characterization of isolated mouse cerebellar cell populations in vitro. AB - Cells from early postnatal mouse cerebellar cortex were isolated by discontinuous BSA gradient centrifugation. Three cellular fractions were obtained and called A (interface at 0-10% BSA), B ( 10-15%) and C (15-25%). These fractions were characterized after maintenance in vitro for 3 days by indirect immunofluorescence labeling with several cell type-specific probes: Tetanus toxin was used as a neuronal marker.Under the described culture conditions Thy-1.2 antibodies served as additional markers for mature neurons and NS-4 antiserum for neurons and oligodendroglial cells. Glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein was used as a marker for differentiated astroglia, and fibronectin as a marker for fibroblasts. Monoclonal antibodies to 04 antigen and antiserum to corpus callosum served to distinguish oligodendroglia. Fraction C contains most of the cellular debris and cells with large cell bodies (about 20 micrometers in diameter) which are positive for Thy-1, NS-4, and tetanus toxin. By birthdate labeling with [3H]thymidine these cells can be identified as Purkinje cells and/or Golgi type II cells. Fraction B is relatively heterogeneous. It contains predominantly GFA protien-positive astroglial cells (about 50% of all cells) which can be classified into 3 morphologically distinct cell types, flat epithelioid cells and star-shaped cells with thick or very thin cellular processes. Fraction B is enriched also in 04 antigen-positive oligodendrocytes, fibronectin-positive fibroblasts and Thy-1 negative, but NS-4 and tetanus toxin positive cells with small cell bodies and many fine processes. These small neurons, putative stellate and basket cells, have many fine processes and are morphologically different from th bipolar putative granule cells, some of which are also present in this fraction. Fraction C contains predominantly small neurons, mostly putative granule cell (more than 0% of all cells) which are positive for NS-4 and tetanus toxin, but negative for Thy-1. PMID- 7050172 TI - Epidemiology and the public health movement: a historical perspective. PMID- 7050173 TI - Studies on the regulation of secretion in Clara cells with evidence for chemical nonautonomic mediation of the secretory response to increased ventilation in rat lungs. AB - Using electron microscopy and morphometric methods to assess secretion, we previously found that two times tidal volume ventilation of isolated perfused rat lung stimulates secretion by bronchiolar Clara cells; this effect is not prevented by beta-adrenergic blockade (J. Clin. Invest. 1981. 67: 345-351.). In this study we used the isolated perfused rat lung and the anesthetized mechanically ventilated rat, to further study the mechanism by which large tidal volumes stimulate secretion by Clara cells. With the perfused lung we found (a) alpha-adrenergic inhibition did not block the secretory effect of ventilation at two times normal tidal volume; (b) indomethacin completely blocked the secretory action of two times tidal volume ventilation; (c) medium previously used to perfuse lungs ventilated at two times tidal volume, but not medium previously used to ventilate lungs at normal tidal volume, stimulated secretion by Clara cells when used to perfuse fresh lungs ventilated at tidal volume; (d) addition of prostacyclin to the fresh perfusate increased secretion by Clara cells of lungs ventilated at normal tidal volume. In anesthetized mechanically ventilated rats, sighs stimulated secretion by Clara cells; this increased secretion was inhibited by indomethacin but not by cholinergic blockade (bilateral vagotomy). These studies indicate that increased volume ventilation stimulates secretion by Clara cells in vivo and in vitro; they provide evidence that chemical nonadrenergic, noncholinergic mechanisms are involved in this secretion, and that prostaglandins may be the chemical messenger coupling the mechanico-secretory events. PMID- 7050174 TI - Production and characterization of a cytotoxic monoclonal antibody reacting with rat islet cells. AB - We have produced a murine monoclonal antibody (F43 A1D2) that binds to the cell surface of both rat islet tumor cells (RINm clone 5F and RINm clone 14B) and normal rat islet cells. This antibody is cytotoxic in the presence of complement for RIN tumor cells as well as A, B, and D pancreatic polypeptide rat islet cells. Antibody A1D2 does not bind to rat thymus cells, pancreatic acinar cells, or fibroblasts. Antigen A1D2 (termed ICSAn-1 [islet cell surface antigen 1]) is a trypsin-sensitive glycoprotein with a molecular mass of approximately 24,000 daltons. In addition to purification of its islet cell antigen, antibody A1D2 can be used to identify and isolate living islet cells from pancreatic digests. PMID- 7050175 TI - Consciousness of dying and projective fantasy of young children with malignant disease. AB - Hypotheses regarding intrapsychic disruption, specific types of anxiety and fear, and defense structure in young children with potentially fatal illnesses were tested by administering two projective tests to 24 Irish children (ages 3-6) with malignancies and 24 matched controls with non-life-threatening orthopedic diseases. Responses of the children with malignancies showed more imagery related to, and descriptions of, negative futures, loneliness, bodily intrusion, and nonbeing. Possible explanations of these findings and their implications for the treatment of children with potentially fatal illnesses are discussed. PMID- 7050176 TI - Adolescent alcohol abuse: a review. AB - Adolescent alcohol abuse is an individual and social problem of epidemic proportions. Investigation of the many correlates of this behavior indicates that three are primary: peer pressure, attempts at reaching adult status, and sexuality socialization. The societal support for alcohol use and tolerance of alcohol abuse combine with these three factors to exacerbate the problem. Analyzing each correlate leads to a proposed solution to the problem. It is suggested that the optimal approach is a group-process method that involves adolescents and adults and enables participants to analyze motivation and develop skills necessary for either abstinence or responsible drinking. PMID- 7050177 TI - Validation of a systems-actuarial computer process for multidimensional classification of child psychopathology. AB - Tested diagnostic classifications of child psychopathology produced by a computerized technique known as multidimensional actuarial classification (MAC) against the criterion of expert psychological opinion. The MAC program applies series of statistical decision rules to assess the importance of and relationships among several dimensions of classification, i.e., intellectual functioning, academic achievement, adaptive behavior, and social and behavioral adjustment, to perform differential diagnosis of children's mental retardation, specific learning disabilities, behavioral and emotional disturbance, possible communication or perceptual-motor impairment, and academic under- and overachievement in reading and mathematics. Classifications rendered by MAC are compared to those offered by two expert child psychologists for cases of 73 children referred for psychological services. Experts' agreement with MAC was significant for all classification areas, as was MAC's agreement with the experts held as a conjoint reference standard. Whereas the experts' agreement with MAC averaged 86.0% above chance, their agreement with one another averaged 76.5% above chance. Implications of the findings are explored and potential advantages of the systems-actuarial approach are discussed. PMID- 7050178 TI - Neuropsychological patterns in uremia. AB - Administered the Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB) of neuropsychological tests to 24 patients with advanced renal failure, 24 patients with neurological disorders, and 24 patients with medical and/or non-psychotic psychiatric conditions in order to assess the effects of uremic encephalopathy on human neuropsychological functioning. The groups did not differ significantly in age, education, verbal intelligence, or level of affective disturbance. Results indicated that the uremic and neurological groups were equal in overall level of neuropsychological impairment and that both were significantly more impaired than the medical psychiatric group. However, the uremic group showed a pattern of deficits that was qualitatively different from both the neurological and medical-psychiatric groups. Results were discussed with reference to selective cortical dysfunctions in uremia and contrasted with earlier studies that did not consider differential sparing of abilities in renal patients. PMID- 7050179 TI - Transcendental medication and progressive relaxation: their physiological effects. AB - Measured oxygen consumption, tidal volume, respiration rate, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure before the Ss (N = 39) learned Transcendental Meditation (TM: N = 21) or Jacobson's Progressive Relaxation (PR: N = 18). Ss were tested immediately after learning either technique and again 5, 10, and 15 weeks later. While there were no significant differences between groups for any of the physiological variables at pretest, the TM group displayed more significant decreases during meditation and during activity than did the PR group. Both groups displayed significantly lowered metabolic rates during TM or PR. The generally more significant and comprehensive results for mediators were explained primarily in terms of the greater amount of time the TM group spent on their technique, plus the differences in the two techniques themselves. Several avenues for future research are discussed. PMID- 7050180 TI - Prenalterol--a new cardioselective inotropic agent. PMID- 7050181 TI - Comparison of a high pressure liquid chromatographic analysis and an enzyme immunoassay technique for quantitation of disopyramide in serum or plasma. AB - High pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and enzyme immunoassay (Emit) methods for measuring disopyramide concentrations in plasma and serum were compared. The precision of both methods was satisfactory, with all coefficients of variation in the range 1.3--6.5%. Quantitation was comparable, with a correlation coefficient of 0.991 (n = 96). There was no interference in either method from lignocaine, digoxin, propranolol, procainamide or N-monodealkylated disopyramide. HPLC was superior in terms of lower cost, the ability to quantitate metabolite concentrations, lack of interference by lipaemia or haemolysis and slightly better within-run precision. However, Emit was considered the method of choice for routine therapeutic drug monitoring because of its relative simplicity and speed of performance. PMID- 7050182 TI - Therapeutic progress: review IV. Therapeutic drug monitoring: can it improve the treatment of epilepsy? AB - Our ability to measure plasma drug concentrations under steady-state conditions has meant that the daily dose of phenytoin, and a few other anticonvulsants drugs, can be safely adjusted to suit the individual epileptic's seizure pattern and drug metabolizing capacity. With correct timing of samples and interpretation of results, therapeutic drug monitoring can lead to, and maintain, complete freedom from seizures for some patients and an appreciable reduction in frequency for many others. There are large numbers of epileptics, however, who continue to suffer needlessly because clinical practice has lagged behind our expertise in drug assay and our understanding of pharmacokinetics. We are not using our knowledge sufficiently to benefit the epileptic population as a whole. PMID- 7050183 TI - Pharmacokinetic considerations in the haemodialysis of drugs. AB - Clinical pharmacists can deliver safer and more efficacious drug therapy to end stage renal patients with knowledge and application of the pharmacokinetics of haemodialysis. The physical, chemical and pharmacokinetic properties of a drug will determine its degree of dialysability. These properties included water solubility, molecular weight, protein binding, volume of distribution, and the fraction, route and rate of drug elimination. Various dialysis-induced metabolic alterations must also be considered. With an understanding of these factors, the pharmacist can determine whether dosage adjustments are necessary and, if so, make the required calculations accurately. PMID- 7050184 TI - Oxygen transport in chronic hypoxic lung disease. PMID- 7050185 TI - Lysozyme in chronic liver disease: a biochemical and histological study. AB - Serum lysozyme activities and semiquantitative analysis of tissue lysozyme distribution were studied in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), chronic hepatitis (CH), miscellaneous liver diseases, and normal subjects. Serum lysozyme was significantly raised in PBC and CH. Portal venous blood has similar lysozyme activities to peripheral venous blood in a group of various liver diseases. Lysozyme-containing intralobular cells were decreased in all liver diseases studied but portal tract lysozyme was increased only in PBC and CH. Thus the increase in serum lysozyme in PBC and CH appears to originate from the portal inflammatory infiltrate, seen in these diseases. PMID- 7050186 TI - Biotyping of Enterobacter cloacae. AB - A biotyping scheme for Enterobacter cloacae is proposed. Tests with seven substrates that gave reliable, reproducible results with 110 isolates of E cloacae formed the basis of the biotyping scheme which would allow recognition of 128 potential biotypes. PMID- 7050187 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antibody class capture for the detection of antitoxoplasma IgM. AB - Sera from 180 patients with suspected toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy were examined for antitoxoplasma IgM by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using antibody class capture (ACCA). Of 82 positive ACCA results, 78 were confirmed by testing the IgM fractions of the sera, obtained by sucrose density gradient centrifugation (SDGC). The four positive results which could not be confirmed were all from patients with at least a year's history of lymphadenopathy. Sera from 10 patients with low Sabin Feldman dye test (DT) titers gave positive ACCA results and subsequent specimens from them showed a rise in antibody concentration, confirming the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. The antitoxoplasma IgM immunofluorescent antibody test (IgM-IFA) on whole serum was relatively insensitive and gave false-positive results with sera containing rheumatoid factor (RF) and antinuclear factor (ANF). There were no false-positive ACCA results with such sera, probably because the conjugates were prepared from F(ab')2 fragments of antitoxoplasma serum. The ACCA proved to be sensitive, specific and easily automated enabling examination of large numbers of specimens. PMID- 7050188 TI - Metaproterenol solution in the treatment of asthmatic patients by intermittent positive pressure breathing. AB - The effects of five different doses of a 5% inhalant solution of metaproterenol on pulmonary function were compared in a placebo-controlled double-blind cross over study in 40 asthmatic patients who received the drug via intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB). The response to metaproterenol in terms of FVC, FEV1, RA, and FEF25-75% was significantly superior to the placebo response. The effect of metaproterenol set in within 5 minutes of adminstration, and clinically significant improvement in pulmonary function was sustained for 6 hours even at the lowest dose level. Global response evaluations reflected a progressive increase in effectiveness with each successive dose increment. Typical sympathomimetic side effects such as nervousness and shakiness slightly increased in frequency with higher doses. At none of the metaproterenol doses were any clinically significant changes observed in the mean blood pressure and pulse rate values. PMID- 7050189 TI - The pharmacokinetics of thiabendazole and its metabolites in an anephric patient undergoing hemodialysis and hemoperfusion. AB - The pharmacokinetics of thiabendazole and its metabolites were determined after the first dose and during hemodialysis and hemoperfusion in an anephric female patient treated for a strongyloides infection. The half-live, volume of distribution, and clearance for thiabendazole were 1.17 hour, 2.76 liters/kg, and 27.2 ml/min . kg, respectively. While thiabendazole and the 5-OH metabolite did not accumulate during multiple dosing, the glucuronide and sulfate esters accumulated extensively despite hemodialysis and hemoperfusion. Hemodialysis clearances for all compounds were poor. Hemoperfusion removal was much better but declined rapidly after the first hour. If rapid removal of thiabendazole and its metabolites is required, the hemoperfusion column should be changed hourly. PMID- 7050190 TI - Controversies in mycosis fungoides. AB - Most clinicians agree that mycosis fungoides is the prototypic cutaneous T cell lymphoma. However, certain clinical characteristics indicate that this disorder may begin as a reactive rather than a neoplastic process. The concept of a nonneoplastic etiopathogenesis of mycosis fungoides is further supported by recent data on the function of Langerhans cells, a population of epidermal cells known to play a critical role in immune surveillance and the development of contact sensitivity. It has been suggested that chronic occupational exposure to environmental allergens results in persistent antigenic stimulation, leading to a breakdown in immune surveillance and eventually, malignancy. Modern laboratory technics have enhanced the clinician's ability to diagnose and stage mycosis fungoides. Data obtained from such studies have indicated that systemic spread may occur much earlier in the course of disease than has previously been appreciated. The therapeutic implications of such knowledge are as yet uncertain. PMID- 7050191 TI - Bovine mammary involution following intramammary infusion on colchicine and endotoxin at drying off. AB - Effects of intramammary infusion of colchicine, endotoxin, and colchicine in combination with endotoxin on mammary involution were studied on 25 dairy cows in late lactation. Both quarters of right udder halves were infused at or near drying off while left udder halves received no infusion. Samples of mammary secretion were obtained 1 day prior to drying off, at drying off, and .5, 1, 2, 3, and 7 days post drying off. Mammary secretion obtained during the early dry period from udder halves infused with colchicine or colchicine and endotoxin at or near drying off had elevated somatic cells, lactoferrin, serum albumin, immunoglobulin G, and pH as compared to left untreated udder halves. Citrate, molar ratio of citrate to lactoferrin, and the index of selective accumulation of immunoglobulin G were lower in infused than uninfused udder halves. Fluid volume removed from udders at 7 days involution was 40% less in udder halves infused with colchicine or colchicine and endotoxin as compared to uninfused udder halves. Intramammary infusion of colchicine and endotoxin at drying off accelerates bovine mammary involution. PMID- 7050192 TI - Lipotropic effect of estradiol-17 beta in fed and fasted lactating cows. AB - The lipotropic effect of estradiol-17 beta was measured in seven nonpregnant Holstein-Friesian cows 2 to 5 wk into lactation. The experiment was divided into an initial 3-day control period, 19 days treatment, and 2 days fast. Jugular blood samples were taken twice daily during the control period, the last 2 days of treatment, and the fast. After the control period, four cows received daily injections of estradiol-17 beta benzoate (15 mg) in sesame oil for the remainder of the experiment whereas three cows received injections of sesame oil only. Estradiol-17 beta did not change triglyceride concentration of plasma during the treatment period but increased it markedly during fast. Estradiol-17 beta increased the free glycerol concentration of plasma during treatment. Cholesterol concentrations of plasma showed a consistent trend lower in the estradiol group during treatment and fast. No differences were apparent in glucose and blood ketone concentrations. The concentration of insulin in plasma was lower for the estradiol group during treatment. Estradiol-17 beta appears to have a similar effect on lipid metabolism in dairy cows to other species. However, it exerted a strong lipotropic effect only under fasting. PMID- 7050193 TI - Possible role of beta-carotene in improving fertility in dairy cattle. AB - Recent interest in beta-carotene has been stimulated by reports that reproductive performance in cattle was improved with dietary supplementation of beta-carotene even when the diet was supplemented with vitamin A. Vitamin A requirements for cattle are based on studies with beta-carotene as the vitamin A source and with studies with vitamin A in the ester or alcohol form. Most of the studies with cattle that demonstrate the need for vitamin A for optimum reproduction were when beta-carotene was the source of vitamin A. Recent German reports show an improvement in conception rate, intensity of estrus, and changes in luteinizing hormone patterns when cattle received beta-carotene supplementation of low carotene diets. These diets were supplemented with vitamin A. A similar study from Israel did not detect benefits of beta-carotene. The active form of vitamin A for reproduction in rats and other species has not been determined; however, vitamin A does meet the reproductive requirements. The ruminant animal does have differences in carotene metabolism from the rat. Before the role of beta-carotene for reproduction in cattle can be clarified, the specific function of carotene or the specific form of vitamin A for reproduction needs to be determined. PMID- 7050194 TI - Cytospin centrifuge in differential counts of milk somatic cells. AB - A procedure was developed for a cytospin centrifuge to concentrate cells from milk onto microscope slides in a circle with 6 mm diameter. Differential somatic cell counts with cytospin were compared to the conventional hand smearing technique to ascertain variation in differential counts. Milk samples were from each of 30 cow quarters, 10 within each of three total milk somatic cell count ranges of less than .7, .7 to 1.5, and more than 1.5 x 10(6)/ml. Two prepared from each sample. All smears were air dried; and stained with modified Wright's stain, the first 200 cells were counted. Differential cell counts from smears prepared by the two procedures were not different. Variation between duplicate smears in differential cell counts was less for cytospin technique. Cytospin can be used to obtain rapid and accurate differential cell counts in milk over a wide range of total somatic cell counts. PMID- 7050195 TI - The use of Cattell's personality profile in patients who have had preprosthetic surgery. PMID- 7050196 TI - The retention of dental posts. PMID- 7050197 TI - Characterization of the adhesion of soft lining materials to poly (methyl methacrylate). AB - The adhesion of nine soft lining materials to poly (methyl methacrylate) has been characterized in the laboratory using peeling tests. Applying the energy theory of fracture to an elastic film peeling from a rigid substrate, this method gives a direct measure of the work of detachment. PMID- 7050198 TI - Membrane receptors on human neutrophils in oral bacterial infections. PMID- 7050199 TI - Dental students' confidence in prosthodontics and attitudes toward the elderly. AB - Data were examined concerning dental students' confidence in removable prosthodontic treatment and their attitudes toward elderly persons before and after a ten-week clinical prosthodontic rotation. The Rosencranz and McNevin Aging Semantic Differential (SD) Scale was used to measure attitudes regarding the elderly; another SD was designed to measure confidence in removable prosthodontics. Both student's attitudes toward elderly persons and their confidence in carrying out removable prosthodontic treatment improved significantly after the rotation; the greatest improvement occurred when students treated patients of all ages. There was a significant relationship between confidence in performing removable prosthodontic treatment and clinical grades, but not didactic grades. PMID- 7050200 TI - Two forms of adenosine deaminase in pig epidermis (II). PMID- 7050201 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) synthesis in human skin. PMID- 7050202 TI - Association of porphyria cutanea tarda and primary liver cancer: report of ten cases. PMID- 7050203 TI - Lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis infantilis in dizygotic twins. PMID- 7050204 TI - Reiter's disease. PMID- 7050205 TI - An unusual case of cutaneous plasmacytosis. PMID- 7050206 TI - Barium granuloma. PMID- 7050207 TI - Experimental study of differences in human sole skin between one cycle method and two cycle method after spray cryosurgery: an ultrastructural investigation. PMID- 7050208 TI - Secretory IgA in skin and the adjacent mucous membranes. PMID- 7050209 TI - The presidents. Waldo Elias Boardman, 1904-1905. PMID- 7050210 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine: implications for dental personnel. AB - The available data indicate that a highly effective vaccine to combat hepatitis B has been developed. In a well-controlled, double-blind clinical study of a high risk group (male homosexuals), this vaccine stimulated the production of anti-HBs in more than 92% of the test group followed for two years. As a generalization, this new vaccine can be described as highly effective, safe, stable, and a welcome addition to preventive medicine. Dentists, in particular oral surgeons and periodontists, are in a high risk category with respect to hepatitis B exposure. This vaccine deserves considerable attention by these groups. All members of the dental profession should seriously consider the use of this vaccine as a personal and public health measure when it becomes commercially available. PMID- 7050211 TI - Early diagnosis and successful management of periodontosis. AB - A brief review of the literature regarding the recognition, causes, and different therapeutic approaches of periodontosis was presented. Two cases of periodontosis in the early stages were reported, and a successful treatment plan using modalities similar to those used for other forms of periodontitis was described. Early diagnosis of the condition was critical to the success of both cases. Both patients were taught good oral hygiene, which, along with scaling, root planning, and conservative periodontal surgery, not only resulted in arresting the disease process, but also encouraged osseous regeneration. These examples emphasize the necessity of routine periodontal examinations for all children, especially at the circumpubertal period because periodontosis is often passed unnoticed until there has been massive periodontal destruction. The management of the advanced conditions is more challenging and seldom successful. PMID- 7050212 TI - Changes in the prevalence of dental disease. Bureau of Economic and Behavioral Research, Council on Dental Health and Health Planning. AB - The literature currently available indicate that there have been substantial improvements in at least four areas of dental diseases: dental caries, root surface caries, edentulousness, and periodontal disease. Oral cancer appears to have remained stable. The literature on craniofacial anomalies, malocclusions, and traumatic injuries is such that similar statements cannot be made. Although decreases have been observed in caries, root surface caries, edentulousness, and periodontal disease, the improvements have occurred largely within the white population. Caries, for example, has been significantly reduced because of water fluoridation, fluoride dentifrices, and perhaps some changes in dietary patterns. Nevertheless, the disease continues to increase with age, although the cumulative effect of fluorides lowers the overall magnitude. The sheer numbers will still be substantial. For a variety of reasons, dental disease still remains substantially high in the nonwhite population, and will require concerted intervention if it is to be reduced. PMID- 7050213 TI - A simplified in vitro assay of delayed hypersensitivity in diagnosis of dermatomycoses. AB - A tissue culture technique for detection of cellular hypersensitivity in an animal model of dermatomycoses is presented. It is based on specific inhibition of migration of leukocytes sensitized to dermatophytic antigens. The application and specificity of this new immunological technique were studied in guinea pigs infected with Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum vanbreuseghemii, and Epidermophyton floccosum. In all the infected animals, sensitivity to trichophytin was demonstrated to be independent of the clinical disease phase. The in vivo skin-test reactions were common to those of the group of dermatophytes and did not distinguish between the different species. A statistical difference was observed in the leukocyte migration indices of sensitized cells to the homologous and the heterologous antigens of these pathogens (p less than 0.05, Student's test). It is concluded that the leukocyte migration inhibition assay provides a specific expression of cellular hypersensitivity and may be considered suitable for investigation of cellular immunity in vitro in clinical diagnosis or research. This is a simple, rapid, and inexpensive technique that requires small volumes of peripheral blood.